cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytology of the normal and abnormal choroid plexi in selected domestic mammals, wildlife species, and man.

A cytologic study of the choroid plexi of animals and humans was carried out using impression smears (imprints, imp) to understand better the cellular changes that occur in the cerebrospinal fluid in the case of disease. The samples, totaling 756 imp were from 11 dogs (239 imp), 10 horses (219 imp), 1 mule (23 imp), 3 cattle (69 imp), 1 sheep (19 imp), 2 pigs (39 imp), 1 deer (20 imp), 4 monkeys (22 imp), and 7 humans (106 imp). The samples came from individuals clinically free of neurologic disease, as well as from a few abnormal cases. Six of the 7 humans had no history of neurologic disease and had a complete necropsy with brain histopathology. The seventh human case had mild neurologic signs at the time of death and only a partial necropsy with histopathological examination of the brain, in which a few small leptomeningeal lymphocytic infiltrates and polymicrogyria were found. One of the human brains without neurologic disease had arterioscle- rosis. In the 40 individuals studied, several features and some unique cell types were found, for which little or no information is available. Four different morphologic cell types were consistently found in all the species studied. The first 3 types were arbitrarily named alpha (with deeply basophilic cytoplasm), beta (with neutral to weakly acidophilic cytoplasm), and gamma or vesicle-bearing cells. The third type, gamma, was a cell bearing unique inclusions (vesicles) filled with many tiny light tan to pale pink granules. The fourth type was the Kolmer cell found in very low numbers. Immature lymphocytes were found in all of 3 newborn foals, in 1 pig, and in the only stillborn calf and deer studied. The results suggest that the choroid plexi contain more than 1 epithelial cell type and that knowledge of their morphology is far from complete because other unusual cells and structures are also present in small numbers. Imprints are excellent for studying the choroid plexi, especially for tiny changes that are too subtle to be seen in hematoxylin and eosin sections. The first cytologic specimens of human cerebrospi- nal fluid (CSF) were studied for diagnostic purposes more than a century ago. 25 Subsequently, the cytologic study of the CSF has become routine procedure in hu- man and veterinary hospitals all over the world. Be- cause about 90% of the CSF is produced by the cho- roid plexi cells (ChPCs), 22 knowledge of the appear- ance of these cells in cytologic specimens can be use- ful for the identification of cells or structures found in the CSF. Considerable confusion exists, however, on the actual morphology of ChPCs in CSF specimens, for although a few publications have illustrated their incidental finding in the CSF, no proof of their identity has ever been offered. On comparing the photographs of purported ChPCs depicted in 5 different cytology publications, none of them shows the same cell type, and no proof of their identity is offered.
No (social) construction without (meta-)representation: Modular mechanisms as a basis for the capacity to acquire an understanding of mind

Theories that propose a modular basis for developing a “theory of mind” have no problem accommodating social interaction or social environment factors into either the learning process, or into the genotypes underlying the growth of the neurocognitive modules. Instead, they can offer models which constrain and hence explain the mechanisms through which variations in social interaction affect development. Cognitive models of both competence and performance are critical to evaluating the basis of correlations between variations in social interaction and performance on mental state reasoning tasks.
Th17 Cells and Activated Dendritic Cells Are Increased in Vitiligo Lesions

Background Vitiligo is a common skin disorder, characterized by progressive skin de-pigmentation due to the loss of cutaneous melanocytes. The exact cause of melanocyte loss remains unclear, but a large number of observations have pointed to the important role of cellular immunity in vitiligo pathogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we characterized T cell and inflammation-related dermal dendritic cell (DC) subsets in pigmented non-lesional, leading edge and depigmented lesional vitiligo skin. By immunohistochemistry staining, we observed enhanced populations of CD11c+ myeloid dermal DCs and CD207+ Langerhans cells in leading edge vitiligo biopsies. DC-LAMP+ and CD1c+ sub-populations of dermal DCs expanded significantly in leading edge and lesional vitiligo skin. We also detected elevated tissue mRNA levels of IL-17A in leading edge skin biopsies of vitiligo patients, as well as IL-17A positive T cells by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Langerhans cells with activated inflammasomes were also noted in lesional vitiligo skin, along with increased IL-1s mRNA, which suggest the potential of Langerhans cells to drive Th17 activation in vitiligo. Conclusions/Significance These studies provided direct tissue evidence that implicates active Th17 cells in vitiligo skin lesions. We characterized new cellular immune elements, in the active margins of vitiligo lesions (e.g. populations of epidermal and dermal dendritic cells subsets), which could potentially drive the inflammatory responses.
Phylogenetic relationships among Acanthaceae: evidence from noncoding trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA sequences.

We used sequence data from the intron and spacer of the trnL-trnF chloroplast region to study phylogenetic relationships among Acanthaceae. This region is more variable than other chloroplast loci that have been sequenced for members of Acanthaceae (rbcL and ndhF), is more prone to length mutations, and is less homoplasious than these genes. Our results indicate that this region is likely to be useful in addressing phylogenetic questions among but not within genera in these and related plants. In terms of phylogenetic relationships, Elytraria (representing Nelsonioideae) is more distantly related to Acanthaceae sensu stricto (s.s.) than Thunbergia and Mendoncia. These last two genera are strongly supported as sister taxa. Molecular evidence does not support monophyly of Acanthaceae s.s., although there is strong morphological evidence for this relationship. There is strong support for monophyly of four major lineages within Acanthaceae s.s.: the Acanthus, Barleria, Ruellia, and Justicia lineages as here defined. The last three of these comprise a strongly supported monophyletic group, and there is weaker evidence linking the Ruellia and Justicia lineages as closest relatives. Within the Acanthus lineage, our results confirm the existence of monophyletic lineages representing Aphelandreae and Acantheae. Lastly, within the Justicia lineage, we develop initial hypotheses regarding the definition of sublineages; some of these correspond to earlier ideas, whereas others do not. All of these hypotheses need to be tested against more data. Acanthaceae are a large family (.4000 species; Mabberley, 1987), the members of which present a rich diversity of morphological and ecological characteristics. The family is part of Lamiales s.l. (sensu lato) (i.e., sensu Olmstead et al., 1993). Unlike a number of family-level taxa in Lamiales (e.g., Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae), there seems little doubt that Acanthaceae s.s. (sensu stricto, see below) are monophyletic. This hypothesis is supported by the shared presence of a fruit type that is unique among angiosperms: a few-seeded, explosively dehiscent capsule within which the seeds are borne on retinacula (the lignified derivatives of funiculae). The precise delimitation of the family, however, has been controversial due to three small lineages that do not 1
Mechanical design of GHIS brassboard

The GHIS optics assembly was designed as a replacement for the filter wheel assembly in an upgraded GOES Sounder sensor of the year 2000 +. An overview of the entire effort is presented elsewhere in these proceedings. The assembly includes miniature optics consisting of a Michelson interferometer with compatible input and output optics. It is to be aligned at room temperature and operated at -55 degrees C without realignment; therefore, an athermal design approach was chosen. Several aspects of the opto-mechanical design will be discussed herein, namely: the support, attachment, and adjustment of the miniature optics; investigation and fabrication of various types of aluminum mirrors; a remotely adjusted mirror for on-orbit alignment using PZT actuators; a moving-mirror supported on a leaf- spring, flexure mechanism moved by a voice-coil actuator; a laser, reference-beam, optical assembly, with fiber optic input and output, to control the velocity and position of the moving-mirror; the support structure; and the thermal control design.
The relationships among body size, biological sex, ethnicity, and healthy lifestyles in adolescents

PURPOSE. The purposes of this study were to (a) determine whether actual weight, biological sex, and race/ethnicity were related to differences of weight perception, nutrition and activity knowledge, perceived difficulty, attitudes, and choices about living a healthy lifestyle in adolescents; and (b) describe the relationships among these variables. DESIGN AND METHODS. This was a cross-sectional descriptive, correlational design with 404 adolescents. RESULTS. Perception of weight was more accurate in overweight adolescents. Teens who reported difficulty in leading a healthy lifestyle reported less healthy choices, attitudes, and knowledge. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Findings suggest tailored interventions should consider biological sex and race/ethnicity.
Fish Viruses: Buffers and Methods for Plaquing Eight Agents Under Normal Atmosphere

A universal procedure was sought for plaque assay of eight fish viruses (bluegill myxovirus, channel catfish virus, eel virus, Egtved virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, lymphocystis virus, and the agent of spring viremia of carp (Rhabdovirus carpio), in dish cultures of various fish cells. Eagle minimal essential medium with sodium bicarbonate-CO(2) buffer (Earle's salt solution) was compared with minimal essential medium buffered principally with tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2'-ethanesulfonic acid at a pH or in the range of 7.6 to 8.0 depending upon temperature. Five fish cell lines collectively capable of replicating all fish viruses thus far isolated were tested and quantitatively found to grow comparably well in the three media. Two-phase (gel-liquid) media incorporating the various buffer systems allowed plaquing at 15 to 33 C either in partial pressures of CO(2) or in normal atmosphere, but greater efficiency and sensitivity were obtained with the organic buffers, and, overall, the best results were obtained with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. Epizootiological data, specific fish cell line response, and plaque morphology permit presumptive identification of most of the agents. At proper pH, use of organic buffers obviates the need for CO(2) incubators.
Parenchymal-sparing resections: why, when, and how.

Historically, the rates of local recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer have been higher with sublobar resection than with lobectomy. Recent data from Japan and the United States show that sublobar resection of small tumors (especially those ≤ 2 cm) can be performed with no significant difference in local recurrence or long-term survival. Recurrence rates can be reduced further by achieving an adequate margin of resection. The use of intraoperative brachytherapy mesh implants during sublobar resection may help minimize the risk of local recurrence. For larger tumors, or when adequate surgical margins are not obtainable, lobectomy should be performed.
“That’s What a Man Is Supposed to Do” Compensatory Manhood Acts in an LGBT Christian Church

In this article, I examine how gay Christian men constructed compensatory manhood acts. Based on more than 450 hours of fieldwork in a southeastern LGBT Christian organization, I analyze how a group of gay men, responding to sexist, heterosexist, and religious stigma, as well as the acquisition of a new pastor, constructed identities as gay Christian men by (1) emphasizing paternal stewardship, (2) stressing emotional control and inherent rationality, and (3) defining intimate relationships in a Christian manner. These subordinated men, regardless of their intentions, collaboratively drew on and reproduced cultural notions that facilitate and justify the subordination of women and sexual minorities. Specifically, their compensatory manhood acts symbolically positioned them as superior to supposedly promiscuous, self-centered, and effeminate others. In conclusion, I draw out implications for understanding how groups of gay Christian men engage in compensatory manhood acts, and the consequences these action...
Effect of pregnancy on psychosis: life circumstances and psychiatric symptoms.

As part of an ongoing prospective study to correlate mother and infant outcome with social isolation during pregnancy, the Schedule for Affective Disorders, SADS-C, was administered to twenty-seven psychotic patients late in pregnancy. Extensive standardized evaluation of life stresses and social supports included a Prenatal Interview with sixty items relating to demographics, drug use, health and obstetrical history, family involvement and development expectations of the infant, and a thirty-item Difficult Life Circumstances questionnaire. In this sample the patients' previous life adjustments were stabilized by their pregnancy unless the pregnancy itself created personal stress for the patient. Higher scores on Difficult Life Circumstances were found to be associated with more psychiatric symptomatology. Symptoms of pregnancy confounded SADS-C items measuring vegetative signs of depression. One group of items on the SADS-C appeared to selectively identify a subset of women whose underlying affective sym...
Role of Natural Killer Cells in Modulating Dendritic Cell Responses to Leishmania amazonensis Infection

The importance of the interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the expansion of antiviral and antitumor immune responses is well-documented; however, limited information on DC-NK cell interaction during parasitic infections is available. Given that some Leishmania parasites are known to prevent or suppress DC activation, we developed a DC-NK cell coculture system to examine the role of NK cells in modulating the functions of Leishmania-infected DCs. We found that the addition of freshly isolated, resting NK cells significantly promoted the activation of DCs that were preinfected with Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and that these activated DCs, in turn, stimulated NK cell activation mostly via cell contact-dependent mechanisms. Notably, L. amazonensis amastigote infection failed to activate DCs, and this lack of DC activation could be partially reversed by the addition of preactivated NK (ANK) cells but not resting NK cells. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of ANK cells into L. amazonensis-infected mice markedly increased DC and T-cell activation and reduced tissue parasite loads at 1 and 3 weeks postinfection. These results suggest differential roles of DC-NK cell cross talk at different stages of Leishmania infection and provide new insight into the interplay of components of the innate immune system during parasitic infection.
Low-roundoff-noise limit-cycle-free implementation of recursive transfer functions on a fixed-point digital signal processor

A method is presented for realizing recursive digital transfer functions on a fixed-point digital signal processor. The method is based on the parallel connection of L/spl infin/-norm scaled first- and second-order state-space structures. Magnitude truncation of the state update equations is employed to render the realization free of both overflow oscillations and constant-input limit cycles. The roundoff noise and coefficient sensitivity of the realization are also near minimum, giving a realization with outstanding performance in terms of all finite wordlength effects. An implementation on the DSP56000 family of digital signal processors demonstrates that the realization is efficient enough to achieve high sample rates. >
Deconstructing Strategic Inflections by Imagery

Traditionally, strategic messages were communicated through the power of text and financial measures. Over the years, with an increased use and evident impact of aesthetics, such as art, corporations began to incorporate imagery in strategic messages to strengthen their persuasive power. The addition of this creative use of art has also brought interest in strategy analysis to help uncover those hidden messages and identify marginal but living voices, in other words, antenarratives. In the role of a strategy spectator, understanding the signals for corporate strategic inflection prior to its occurrence is essential when calculating a company’s future performance. These signals are never handed to you. They are hidden and cannot be identified by accepting the face-value of the dominant and apparent organizational voices, delivered through corporate documents. When a spectator is swooped into the organizational dominant storyline, he/she becomes part of the grand narrative and loses his/her critical perspective. Instead, strategic inflection signals should be identified through organizational antenarratives, uncovered in the deconstruction of an organization’s strategy storytelling. Deconstruction of imagery, as a new complementary method to text and financial reporting embedded throughout corporate documents, helps strategy spectators understand a more abstract and less obvious side of strategy authors’ strategic intentions. In the case of Motorola, this paper will demonstrate how imagery has been incorporated into organizational storytelling and how deconstruction could help strategy spectators make sense of and potentially anticipate strategic inflections.
Nonketotic hypertonicity in diabetes mellitus

Nonketotic hypertonicity (NKH) is one of the most common endocrine emergencies. It is more common in the elderly patient with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus but may occur in insulin-dependent diabetes as well. Although there are many possible precipitating causes, the final common pathway is usually decreased access to water. Treatment consists of vigorous hydration, electrolyte replacement, and small amounts of insulin. Most deaths from NKH occur in the first 2 days of hospitalization; therefore, a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality can be expected by education of patients and their caregivers in the prevention of NKH.
Napoleon’s Theorem

I begin with kerosene at seven cents a gallon. In Northeastern Massachusetts this was its price in the winter of 1936. The winter was fierce and the economic depression was worse. My father could not afford to heat more than one room of our house — the kitchen, naturally. And so we lived in the kitchen, as did many of our neighbors. There was my father, my mother, and I; my older brothers and sister were away. When it was time for bed, I opened the door of an icy bedroom, closed it behind me carefully, and lay down between two quilts on top and an old khaki army blanket underneath.
Adrenal medullary hormones in water diuresis.

SummaryThe injection of non-epinephrine in the rat is more effective in causing an augmentation of water diuresis than is adrenalin. Pure 1-epinephrine has no stimulating action on diuresis.Dibenamine causes a water retention in intact rats but fails to do so in adrenal medullectomized rats.Dibenamine blocks and reverses the diuretic activity of adrenalin in intact rats but it less effectively blocks such activity of norepinephrine. Dibenamine, in the dosage used, was incapable of blocking the action of norepinephrine in medullectomized animals.These results indicate that the diuretic action of adrenal medullary hormone is not due to epinephrine but to the presence of norepinephrine.
Abstract P62: Feasibility of Routine Quality of Life Assessment in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients

Background: Assessment of quality of life (QOL) may be helpful in management of heart failure (HF) patients in ambulatory practice and is considered a performance measure. Little is known about the feasibility of routine assessment of QOL in clinical management of HF. The objectives of this study were to a) evaluate ability to serially measure QOL in clinical practice and b) determine patient characteristics that influence change in QOL scores. Methods: Patients presenting to the ambulatory HF clinic were routinely administered (prior to physician encounter) a 2-page questionnaire to assess QOL and concerns to be addressed during the visit. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess a) overall QOL, b) dyspnea, and c) fatigue with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (higher scores representing better health status). Patients were asked if their QOL was affected more by their HF or another medical condition. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Results: Of 1069 patients who completed baseline questionnaires, 557 (52%) had QOL assessed at subsequent visit (mean time between visits 225±142 days, 58% male, mean age 57 ± 15, LVEF 40±16%). Health status was impaired at baseline (VAS QOL 63±29, dyspnea 68±32, and fatigue 65±25). Of patients with paired data, 411 (74%) answered (at baseline) questions on the contribution of HF to their QOL (Table). HF affected QOL most in 48% of these patients, 23% felt HF and other medical conditions affected them equally, and 29% felt other medical conditions were more important. Patients affected more by HF had greater improvements in VAS scores despite trend of more hospitalizations. Patients with other medical problems had better QOL at baseline, but noted declines in VAS scores. Conclusions: QOL can be routinely monitored in HF clinics. Strategies to improve QOL should be developed to meet the individual patient's needs as other co-morbidities often affect QOL equally or more. Future studies should evaluate more comprehensive QOL tools. Patient characteristics that influence change in QOL scores
Experimental measurement of synthetic core samples for laminated and dispersed shaly sands

In order to reveal the conductance laws of laminated and dispersed shaly sands, conductivity of synthetic core samples with different salinities and different water saturations is measured. The relationship between conductivity of core samples saturated with different saline solutions and conductivity of solution and the relationship between conductivity of core samples with different water saturations are studied. The experiment results show that conductance of laminated and dispersed shaly sands may be treated as parallel conductance between laminated shale and dispersed shaly sands.
Transnational Giving in the Age of National Confrontation: Ludwig Mond’s Bequests for the University of Heidelberg, the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, and the City of Cassel

The success of his chemical business allowed Ludwig Mond to support members of his extended Mond/Hertz family as well as to give money for charitable and philanthropic purposes. Mond’s financial transactions were not limited to Great Britain but spanned Western Europe. He supported the arts and sciences in England, Germany, and Italy. His donations created a transnational space that was connected by the travels of Mond, Richter, and Hertz; the financial transactions to acquire art objects or to support artists; and the establishment of collections, endowments, and institutions. Regional laws, as for instance in the case of Italy, which made the export of Renaissance art nearly impossible, were both a reason for and an obstacle to the creation of the transnational space. Provincial laws in Italy forced Mond to entertain the idea of creating a second location for his art collection within Italy rather than bringing the paintings to London. Those laws—a unified national law that banned the export of art objects emerged only in 19021—created a stumbling block for the assembling of a single transnational Mond art collection in London. At the same time, it provided an incentive for Mond to create a transnational space through the acquisition of the Palazzo Zuccari in Rome that was to house a part of his art collection. It further served as a second home for the extended Mond family and was turned into a meeting place for artists, scholars, and politicians from across Europe.
Mechanical actuation of graphene sheets via optically induced forces

In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate the strong mechanical response of graphene sheets actuated by near-field optical forces. We study single-layer graphene and a two-layer graphene stack with large separation and show that tunable attractive and repulsive forces can be generated. A large nonlinear mechanical response can be obtained by driving the sheets through external radiation and guided modes. We report formation of graphene bubbles of several nanometers in height. Our study points towards new routes for mechanical actuation of graphene, providing new platforms for straintronics and flexible optoelectronics.
Objectives and Background Principles

In this book, evolutionary, developmental, and ethical principles are used to evaluate the quality of ongoing life, the ending of that life, and the merits of mapping the human genome and manipulating its structure and function. This discussion continues arguments developed in Hu-man Evolution, Reproduction, and Morality (Petrinovich, 1995), in which an evolutionary view of human reproduction was presented. These evolutionary ideas apply to all sexually reproducing organisms, and aspects of human morality were interpreted in their light. It was argued that insights regarding the structure of human moral intuitions and existing systems of morality result when they are viewed from the perspective of actions that would be expected to perpetuate the genotypes of individuals.
LEFT VENTRICULAR TORSION SHEAR ANGLE VOLUME APPROACH FOR NON-INVASIVE EVALUATION OF DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION

Background: Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography for evaluating diastolic dysfunction is limited in preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We previously proposed the relationship of normalized rate of change in LV torsion shear angle ( φ’ ) to corresponding rate of change in LV
DNA damage and repair.

Some of the background to radiation chemical studies of DNA damage is presented, followed by a review of measurements of such damage and its repair in mammalian cells. While most effort has been placed on the measurement of radiation-induced strand breaks (because assays can be used in the biologically relevant dose range), the radiation-altered bases are less studied. Attempts have been made to devise assays for base-damage measurement in cellular DNA after irradiation; the problems of using such assays at reasonable radiation doses are discussed. The alternate approach to measuring yields and chemical identities of damages in cells is extrapolation from model systems. The limitations of extrapolation are considered in the context of the intracellular structures in which DNA exists and the problems in predicting mechanisms of intracellular damage induction. The complexities of damages that could be lethal are considered; “double-strand break” is the generic term for a wide variety of damages, each of which is produced by a similar mechanism. Many of the damages caused by multiple radicals have the potential to be lethal. The current work of the author is outlined along with his attempts to throw light on the topics described above. Some potentially fruitful directions for future research are suggested. These would help to build bridges between studies of the physics of energy deposition and the chemistry of cellular radiation damage and to provide a comprehensive basis for the prediction of the biological effects consequent to the deposition of radiation energy.
Desistance from Offending in the Twenty-First Century

After decades of relative obscurity, research on desistance from offending has experienced an exponential, and much warranted, escalation in attention. This precipitous growth is motivated by the timely alignment of theory, data, and method that characterized the opening of the twenty-first century. Despite the growth of the field, fundamental questions remain. This chapter provides a focused review of key twenty-first-century theoretical and methodological developments on desistance as well as a pointed discussion of critical issues. After outlining the current definitions and longitudinal trends of desistance, we discuss contemporary theories and the studies that inform these theories. We use an organizational schema situating theories in terms of the primacy with which they place structural opportunities or subjective motivations in their explanations of the transition away from offending. We conclude by presenting avenues for advancing research in the areas of definitions, theoretical testing, and bri...
Stump Management Increases Coppice Yield of Sycamore

Saplings of American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis, 5 years old) in an experimental plantation in Georgia were cut in mid- January, March, May, and early July, 1973, just above, or 6 and 12 inches above the root collar. After 4 years, saplings initially cut during the dormant season (January or March) produced larger and heavier coppice shoots than those cut during the growing season. Although the number of shoots initiated in the first 2 years was greater as stump height increased, height made n.s.d. to shoot growth, the number of dominant and codominant sprouts or yield (dry weight) per stump. Stumps 6 inches or less in height had a more extensive taproot, and a cutting height of 4-6 inches is recommended. For stumps cut in January and March coppice yield was directly related to diameter at time of cut.
Radiative transfer formulation for forest acoustics.

The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is outlined and then applied to forest acoustics. The RTE is an integro-differential equation for the radiance, which is the angular Fourier transform of the spatial correlation function of the sound field. It correctly accounts for propagation phenomena such as multiple scattering, absorption, and the transformation of the coherent sound field into the incoherent field. In this formulation, acoustical properties of a forest are described by the total cross sections and differential scattering cross sections of different scatterers. In this paper, the four-layer forest model is used with the following distinct layers: ground, trunk layer, canopy layer, and open air. The trunk layer is modeled with finite vertical cylinders, while the canopy layer is modeled with diffuse scatterers. The total and differential scattering cross sections in these layers are calculated. The boundary condition for the radiance at the interface between the ground and trunk layers is formulat...
Postischemic Myocardial Dysfunction (Myocardial “Stunning”): Role of Oxidative Stress

It is now recognized that spontaneous reperfusion after coronary spasm or thrombosis is a common occurrence in patients with coronary artery disease. In addition, coronary reperfusion by means of thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or bypass surgery is rapidly emerging as the fundamental strategy in the management of acute ischemic syndromes. The recent appreciation of the role of reperfusion in the natural history of coronary artery disease, coupled with the explosive growth of interventional recanalization, has provided the impetus to investigate the consequences of restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium. Experimental studies have demonstrated that, although early reperfusion limits or even prevents necrosis, this beneficial effect does not lead to immediate functional improvement; rather, the return of contractility in tissue salvaged by reperfusion is delayed for hours, days or even weeks [1–9], a phenomenon that has been termed “stunned myocardium” [10].
High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous peripheral-blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) for relapsed metastatic germ-cell tumors (mGCT): The Indiana University (IU) experience.

4505Background: Patients (pts) with mGCT who relapse after initial chemotherapy (CT) can still be cured with second-line and even third-line regimens. We previously reported series of 184 pts treat...
Practice Patterns of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement and Factors That Predict Retrieval Rates: A Single-Center Institution and Review of the Literature

Background: There is a wide variability in practice patterns on the use of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) among institutions, which is likely due to contrasting indication guidelines published by different professional societies. The aim of the present study is to report our healthcare system use of IVCF to: 1) determine practice patterns, 2) determine factors that may predict IVCF retrieval and 3) identify areas for improvement. Methods: A retrospective review of 180 consecutive IVCF placement performed between July 2014 and December 2015 was conducted. Results: One hundred nine (60.6%) IVCFs were placed for absolute indications, 27 (15.0%) for relative indications, 26 (14.4%) prophylactically and 18 (10.0%) for unknown indications. Average age was 59.3 years. Ninety-five had active cancer. Surgical and medical services requested filter placement in 112 (62.2%) and 68 (37.8%) patients, respectively. Thirteen (7.2%) patients had a hematology consult prior to IVCF placement. Documentation of the presence of an IVCF was present in 118/127 (92.9%) discharge summaries, and outlined instructions for filter retrieval post-discharge were present in 20/124 (16.1%) cases. Only 33 (25.0%) IVCF were retrieved at a median interval of 162 days (range: 4 - 1,053 days). None of the factors of interest was found to be significantly associated with IVCF retrieval. Conclusion: A root cause analysis identified that the lack of a structured system for IVCF tracking resulted in poor IVCF retrieval rates. This study resulted in the development of a hospital-initiated multidisciplinary team to address these issues. J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(10):758-764 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3544w
Abstract WMP80: Cystathionine β Synthase Deficiency Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Activation of the NMDA Receptor and Loss of Blood Brain Barrier Integrity in Mice

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for stroke; however the mechanisms by which elevated homocysteine leads to stroke are poorly defined. In a murine model of cystathionine β synthase (CBS) deficiency, we tested the hypothesis that mild to severe elevation in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) increases susceptibility to cerebral infarction through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and is associated with altered permeability of the blood brain barrier. We studied male Cbs-/- mice conditionally expressing a zinc-inducible mutated human CBS(I278T) transgene along with Cbs+/- and Cbs+/+ littermates at 10-14 weeks of age. The human transgene was allowed to express only until weaning to overcome the early mortality of Cbs-/- mice. A mild to severe increase in plasma total homocysteine levels (tHcy) were observed in Cbs+/- and Cbs-/- mice (6.1±0.3 and 309±18 μM respectively) compared with Cbs+/+ littermates (3.1±0.6 μM, P<0.01). Experimental stroke was induced with middle cerebral artery occlusion...
The Activation Marker CD137 (4-1BB) Identifies a Highly Active Subset of Donor Lymphocytes Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background Donor lymphocyte infusion is an effective treatment for AML relapse post-transplant, but it has the risk of inducing graft versus host disease (GVHD). Isolating and expanding a subset of lymphocytes that contains antigen-specific T cells against AML antigens may increase the potential for a graft-versus-leukemia immune response while reducing the risk of GVHD. We hypothesized that irradiating AML blasts would diminish their immune suppressive capacity while maintaining antigen presentation, resulting in higher activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in co-culture. Methods PBMC were isolated from healthy donors’ whole blood. PBMC were co-cultured with live AML K-1 (CRL-2724) cells and irradiated K-1 cells (40 Gy) separately at a 1:2 ratio. Cells were cultured in RPMI complete media supplemented with 10% FBS and IL-2 20 IU/ml. On day 3 of co-culture, CD137 positive cells were labeled by anti-CD137 antibody and isolated by positive selection using a magnetic separation column (MiniMACS; Miltenyi Biotech). PBMC Immunophenotype was evaluated on flow cytometer using surface labels CD3, CD4, CD8, CD137, CD25, CD56 and LAG3 in addition to intracellular IFNγ and FOXP3. Both CD137-selected and unselected cells were expanded in complete media supplemented with IL-2 2000 IU/ml, IL-7 50 ng/ml and IL-15 300 ng/ml. CFSE-labeled K-1 cells were incubated with both CD137-selected and unselected PBMCs separately then viability was measured by 7-ADD on flow cytometry. Results Healthy donor PBMC co-cultured with irradiated K-1 showed significantly higher CD137 expression (9.3% ± 1.21 v. 5.7% ± 3.4; n=7, P Figure 1 A) and IFNγ expression (11.8% ± 3.1 v. 7% ± 3.3; n=7, P=0.012; Figure 1 B) on CD8+ T cells when compared to the live K-1-PBMC co-cultures. There were fewer Tregs (CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+) in the PBMC co-cultured with irradiated K-1 cells compared to the live K-1-PBMC co-cultures (1.96% ± 0.37 v. 3.39% ± 0.58; n=4, P=0.03; Figure 1 C). CD137-selected cells were isolated and expanded in culture for 2 weeks, and unselected cells were expanded in the same culture conditions. CD137-selected cells expressed more CD3 (60.65% vs 22.8%; n=4, P=0.012) and CD56 (1.6% vs 0.25; n=4, P=0.01) than unselected cells. In comparison to unselected cells. CD137-selected cells showed higher killing of CSFE-labeled AML cells across AML: PBMC ratios (1:5,1:10 and 1:15) at both 24 and 48 hours compared to unselected cells ( Figure 2 ). Conclusion Irradiation of AML cells prior to co-culture increases the expression of activation markers CD137, CD154, and IFNγ. The activation marker CD137 can be used to select a population of cells from healthy donor PBMC. CD137-selected cells can be expanded in vitro and induce efficient killing of AML cells compared to the subset of PBMCs with no CD137 expression.
PTSD Symptom Severity, Cannabis, and Gender: A Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model

Introduction: In the general population, significant relations have been shown between experienced trauma and cannabis use. Approximately three out of four college students report experiencing at l...
Energetic Potential for Demand Response in Detached Single Family Homes in Austin, TX

This study builds a generalized tool to quantify the maximum peak load reduction achievable with residential demand response and distributed energy resources (DERs). The tool is demonstrated by using empirical energy usage data from detached single family households within the service territory of Austin Energy - the local municipal utility in Austin, TX. The demand response optimization algorithm shifts energy usage of four controllable, high-consumption residential devices to off-peak hours: HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, electric water heaters, electric vehicles, and pool pumps.In addition, rooftop solar generation on individual residences is considered to reduce net load to the utility, and an energy storage system optimization model performing energy arbitrage further reduces peak demand. Results from the aggregate demand response and battery optimization study indicate that peak demand for the 2017 summer peak in Austin Energy could have been reduced by 26 MW or 2.9%. By considering the combined effect of controllable consumer loads, solar generation, and energy storage systems, this study highlights the potential of strategic demand response and energy arbitrage to reduce peak demand at the distribution level.
The Potential for Teaching Quantitative Reasoning across the Curriculum: Empirical Evidence

Educational theorists have argued that effective instruction in quantitative reasoning (QR) should extend across the curriculum. While a noble goal, it is not immediately evident that this is even possible. To assess the feasibility of this approach to QR instruction, I examine papers written by undergraduates for submission to a sophomore writing portfolio. I distinguish papers in which QR is central to the main thrust of the argument (“centrally relevant”) from those in which QR would strengthen the argument by providing context, enriching description, or presenting background (“peripherally relevant”). I find extensive potential for QR instruction across the curriculum. In 25% of papers QR was centrally relevant and in another roughly 20% QR was peripherally so. Of papers for which QR is centrally (peripherally) relevant, around 50% (95%) were written outside natural science courses. Moreover, 30% of papers written in arts, literature, and humanities courses were QR relevant.
The influence of new and traditional media coverage on public attention to social movements: the case of the Dakota Access Pipeline protests

Social movements often seek news media attention as a means to garner public attention to social problems; social movements may also attempt to circumvent traditional media channels through the use...
Thickened Feedings for Infants with Gastroesophageal Reflux.

Bottle-fed infants with gastroesophageal reflux should be given thickened formula feedings.
Shared Mental Models Among Clinical Competency Committees in the Context of Time-Variable, Competency-Based Advancement to Residency.

Purpose To evaluate response process validity evidence for clinical competency committee (CCC) assessments of first-year residents on a subset of General Pediatrics Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and milestones in the context of a national pilot of competency-based, time-variable (CBTV) advancement from undergraduate to graduate medical education. Method Assessments of 2 EPAs and 8 milestones made by the trainees' actual CCCs and 2 different blinded "virtual" CCCs for 48 first-year pediatrics residents at 4 residency programs between 2016 and 2018 were compared. Residents had 3 different training paths from medical school to residency: time-variable graduation at the same institution as their residency, time-fixed graduation at the same institution, or time-fixed graduation from a different institution. Assessments were compared using ordinal mixed-effects models. Results Actual CCCs assigned residents higher scores than virtual CCCs on milestones and one EPA's supervision levels. Residents who graduated from a different institution than their residency received lower milestone ratings than either group from the same institution; CBTV residents received higher ratings on one milestone (ICS4) and similar ratings on all others compared with non-CBTV residents who completed medical school at the same institution. Conclusions First-year residents who graduated from CBTV medical school programs were assessed as having the same level of competence as residents who graduated from traditional medical school programs, but response process evidence suggests that members of CCCs may also draw on undocumented personal knowledge of the learner to draw conclusions about resident competence.
Lessons Learned from Active Engagement in a Large-Enrollment Introductory Biochemistry Course during a Remote Quarter

The combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and social unrest turned education on its head this quarter. To keep students engaged, a plethora of techniques were employed, ranging from synchronous lectures and activities via the Zoom platform to the asynchronous online discussion board Piazza. Consideration of students’ nonacademic struggles also resulted in course modifications. This last method may have been the most effective in promoting student engagement, especially during the remaining 2 weeks of the quarter with increasing worldwide social unrest.
MPV17-Associated Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes are autosomal-recessive diseases characterized by a severe decrease in mtDNA content leading to organ dysfunction due to insufficient amount of respiratory chain components. They are phenotypically heterogeneous and classified as myopathic, encephalomyopathic, or hepatocerebral. The latter group has been associated with mutations in TWINKLE, POLG1, DGUOK genes, and recently with mutations in the MPV17 gene. MPV17 encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein and plays as yet a poorly understood role in the maintenance of mtDNA integrity. MPV17-associated hepatocerebral mtDNA depletion syndrome presents in infancy with liver dysfunction that progress to liver failure in most of the affected individuals. Cholestasis, hepatomegaly, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma can develop. The vast majority of the affected individuals exhibit neurological manifestations, including developmental delay, hypotonia, muscle weakness, motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy, and leukodystrophy. Other common manifestations include failure-to-thrive, lactic acidosis, and hypoglycemia. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, demonstration of liver mtDNA depletion, and identification of MPV17 mutations. The prognosis is unfavorable with half of affected individuals died in infancy. Liver transplant remains the only option with half of the transplanted individuals not surviving posttransplantation. Till date, 20 different mutations have been reported in MPV17 gene with clustering of mutations in the region of the putative protein kinase C phosphorylation site. About half of those mutations are missense. The p.R50Q mutation, which occurs in a CpG dinucleotide, is the most common MPV17 mutation and, till date, has only been found in the homozygous state. In contrast to most MPV17 gene mutations that are associated with death in infancy or early childhood, the p.R50Q mutation is associated with longer survival and better posttransplant outcomes.