cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific mesenchymal/epithelial induction of olfactory receptor, vomeronasal, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons

We asked whether specific mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) induction generates olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), vomeronasal neurons (VRNs), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the major neuron classes associated with the olfactory epithelium (OE). To assess specificity of M/E-mediated neurogenesis, we compared the influence of frontonasal mesenchyme on frontonasal epithelium, which becomes the OE, with that of the forelimb bud. Despite differences in position, morphogenetic and cytogenic capacity, both mesenchymal tissues support neurogenesis, expression of several signaling molecules and neurogenic transcription factors in the frontonasal epithelium. Only frontonasal mesenchyme, however, supports OE-specific patterning and activity of a subset of signals and factors associated with OE differentiation. Moreover, only appropriate pairing of frontonasal epithelial and mesenchymal partners yields ORNs, VRNs, and GnRH neurons. Accordingly, the position and molecular identity of specialized frontonasal epithelia and mesenchyme early in gestation and subsequent inductive interactions specify the genesis and differentiation of peripheral chemosensory and neuroendocrine neurons. Developmental Dynamics 239:1723–1738, 2010. V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Source dynamics of the Dasht-e Bayāz earthquake of August 31, 1968

abstract Radiation patterns of the P -wave first motion and S -wave polarization angle of the Dasht-e Bayāz earthquake of August 31, 1968, as well as its principal aftershock which occurred about 20 hours after the main shock are studied. The main shock data are consistent with the observed left-lateral strike-slip fault which accompanied it. The radiation pattern of the aftershock differs somewhat from that of the main shock and agrees with the directions of the secondary faulting in the area. Several lines of evidence pointing to a multiple source for the main shock are presented. They include complexity of the body phases, low value of the rupture speed as studied from the analysis of the surface wave spectra, reported long duration of shaking and complicated pattern of striations produced by faulting. Energy, moment and stress drop associated with the main shock are estimated. The resulting mean value of stress drop over the faulted surface has a range of 40-100 bars. Based on the age of some well-built structures in the area, it is proposed that no earthquake as severe as the recent one has occurred near the location of the August 31, 1968 earthquake during the last 800 years.
Dynamic spin structure and antiferromagnetic domains in exchange-coupled multilayers

Summary form only given. The exchange coupling between a ferromagnet (FM) and an antiferromagnet (AF) has been intensively studied in recent years because of the intriguing physics and its role in spin-valve devices. We describe some recent results that show that the AF spin structure and AF domains hold the key to the understanding of this phenomenon. The AF spin structure is found to be not static but dynamic, and we,have observed evidence of a spiraling AF spin structure. We have also observed AF domains that are set by the FM layer during field cooling. These new results are incompatible with models of exchange bias that assume a static AF spin structure.
Biomechanical relationship between center of gravity and center of pressure during standing

The relationship between the position of a body's center of gravity (CG) as determined by a whole body kinematic model and that given by 3 CG position estimation techniques using the ground reaction force center of pressure (CP) has been investigated in this study. The CG and CP are related by the Newtonian mechanics equations of motion. Data required to determine directly the center of gravity position, a key variable in posture and locomotion, are usually not obtained in posture or gait trials; rather, force plate data and center of pressure data are often obtained. Consequently, previous studies have developed estimations of CG position history from CP data. The results of 3 CP-based CG estimations methods are here compared with kinematically determined CG positions in humans. The CP position varies about the CG position and has a higher frequency content than the motion of the CG. This observation, based on the authors' data and mechanics theory, provides the basis for the methods considered in this study. All current methods employ a filtering technique to obtain CG position from CP position time histories during standing trials. In most cases the mean square error is less than 0.1 cm/sup 2/. Finite-duration impulse response filters with periods of 1.0 s to 1.50 s gave the best results when compared with the CG position based on kinematic data. A low-pass filter with cutoff frequency of 0.4 Hz to 0.5 Hz provides the best comparison for this approximation method. The accuracy of the methods diminishes as more dynamics are introduced to the trial. The average mean square differences for walking-in-place trials is from 1 to 10 times greater than that for the standing. CG position estimates from CP data must be interpreted cautiously when nonstatic tasks are monitored, especially in unstable patients. >
Responding to the Needs of Children and Families After a Disaster: Linkages Between Unmet Needs and Caregiver Functioning

Disasters may negatively influence caregivers' ability to respond to the needs of their families. In this context, service organizations' response to families' needs may affect caregivers' symptoms and parenting. Interviews were conducted with caregivers affected by Hurricane Katrina approximately 1 year (T(1); N = 68) and 2 years posthurricane (T(2); N = 52). Caregivers reported high levels of service needs and unmet needs for themselves and their child(ren) and family at both time points. Regression analyses indicated that after accounting for hurricane exposure: (a) child unmet service needs significantly contributed to T(1) caregiver distress, (b) caregiver service needs and child unmet needs were associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms, and (c) caregiver unmet needs related to greater strain at T(1). At T(2), after accounting for T(1) scores, service need variables did not contribute to distress or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Caregiver strain at T(1) and T(1) child service needs were associated with greater T(2) strain. These findings highlight the importance of extending the availability of services beyond the initial postdisaster recovery period to better meet the needs of caregivers and families.
Healthy Coping, Negative Emotions, and Diabetes Management A Systematic Review and Appraisal

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the literature pertinent to healthy coping in diabetes management and to identify effective or promising interventions and areas needing further investigation. Methods A PubMed search identified 186 articles in English published between January 1, 1990, and July 31, 2006, addressing diabetes and emotion, quality of life, depression, adjustment, anxiety, coping, family therapy, behavior therapy, psychotherapy, problem solving, couples therapy, or marital therapy. Results Connections among psychological variables, behavioral factors, coping, metabolic control, and quality of life are appreciable and multidirectional. Interventions for which well-controlled studies indicate benefits for quality of life and/or metabolic control include general self-management, coping/problem-solving interventions, stress management, support groups, cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral family systems therapy, cognitive-analytic therapy, multisystemic therapy, medications for depression, and the Pathways intervention integrating case management, support of medication, and problem-solving counseling. Conclusions Psychological, emotional, related behavioral factors, and quality of life are important in diabetes management, are worthy of attention in their own right, and influence metabolic control. A range of interventions that achieve benefits in these areas provide a base for developing versatile programs to promote healthy coping.
The trypanosome homolog of human p32 interacts with RBP16 and stimulates its gRNA binding activity

RBP16 is a guide RNA (gRNA)-binding protein that was shown through immunoprecipitation experiments to interact with ∼30% of total gRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei mitochondria. To gain insight into the biochemical function of RBP16, we used affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation to identify RBP16 protein binding partners. By these methods, RBP16 does not appear to stably interact with the core editing machinery. However, fractionation of mitochondrial extracts on MBP–RBP16 affinity columns consistently isolated proteins of 12, 16, 18 and 22 kDa that were absent from MBP control columns. We describe here our analysis of one RBP16-associated protein, p22. The predicted p22 protein has significant sequence similarity to a family of multimeric, acidic proteins that includes human p32 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mam33p. Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of recombinant p22 identified homo-multimeric forms of the protein, further substantiating its homology to p32. We confirmed the p22–RBP16 interaction and demonstrated that the two proteins bind each other directly by ELISA utilizing recombinant p22 and RBP16. p32 family members have been reported to modulate viral and cellular pre-mRNA splicing, in some cases by perturbing interaction of their binding partners with RNA. To determine whether p22 similarly affects the gRNA binding properties of RBP16, we titrated recombinant p22 into UV crosslinking assays. These experiments revealed that p22 significantly stimulates the gRNA binding capacity of RBP16. Thus, p22 has the potential to be a regulatory factor in T.brucei mitochondrial gene expression by modulating the RNA binding properties of RBP16.
The rhombic bilobed flap for nasal reconstruction.

Background. The bilobed flap is a useful tool for reconstruction of the nose but is occasionally complicated by pincushioning or trapdoor deformity. Objective. To describe the use of a rhombic bilobed flap for use in reconstructing defects on the lower third of the nose. Methods. Reconstruction of skin cancer defects following Mohs surgery was performed using a bilobed rhombic flap design in 10 patients. Results. Good to excellent results were seen in 9 of 10 patients. Significant pincushioning was not present postoperatively in any patient. Conclusion. Despite some disadvantages, the rhombic bilobed flap is useful in reconstructing nasal defects on the lower third of the nose.
Optimizing drug–target interaction prediction based on random walk on heterogeneous networks

Predicting novel drug–target associations is important not only for developing new drugs, but also for furthering biological knowledge by understanding how drugs work and their modes of action. As more data about drugs, targets, and their interactions becomes available, computational approaches have become an indispensible part of drug target association discovery. In this paper we apply random walk with restart (RWR) method to a heterogeneous network of drugs and targets compiled from DrugBank database and investigate the performance of the method under parameter variation and choice of chemical fingerprint methods. We show that choice of chemical fingerprint does not affect the performance of the method when the parameters are tuned to optimal values. We use a subset of the ChEMBL15 dataset that contains 2,763 associations between 544 drugs and 467 target proteins to evaluate our method, and we extracted datasets of bioactivity ≤1 and ≤10 μM activity cutoff. For 1 μM bioactivity cutoff, we find that our method can correctly predict nearly 47, 55, 60% of the given drug–target interactions in the test dataset having more than 0, 1, 2 drug target relations for ChEMBL 1 μM dataset in top 50 rank positions. For 10 μM bioactivity cutoff, we find that our method can correctly predict nearly 32.4, 34.8, 35.3% of the given drug–target interactions in the test dataset having more than 0, 1, 2 drug target relations for ChEMBL 1 μM dataset in top 50 rank positions. We further examine the associations between 110 popular top selling drugs in 2012 and 3,519 targets and find the top ten targets for each drug. We demonstrate the effectiveness and promise of the approach—RWR on heterogeneous networks using chemical features—for identifying novel drug target interactions and investigate the performance.
Predictors of parental consent for adolescent participation in sexual health-related research.

The purpose of the present study was to describe the degree to which parents of adolescents were willing to grant consent for their teenagers’ participation in sexually themed research, and to link the likelihood of consent to parents’ demographics, personality traits, parenting, attitudes, and their children’s characteristics. A total of 203 parents of adolescents ages 13 to 18 years anonymously responded to an internet survey (81.7% mothers; 87% European American). Approximately 40% of respondents were possibly willing and 36% were definitely willing to provide consent for a hypothetical study covering all included sexual health topics. Parents were more likely to give consent if they were highly extraverted, viewed science positively, were not highly conservative about sexuality, and if they thought their teenager was already sexually experienced. Overall, many parents appear to be quite open to adolescent survey participation.
Density fluctuations in many-body systems

The characterization of density fluctuations in systems of interacting particles is of fundamental importance in the physical sciences. We present a formalism for studying local density fluctuations in two special subvolumes (centered around either a reference particle or some arbitrary point in the system) termed {ital particle} and {ital void} regions, respectively. We present formal expressions for the probability, as well as the moments, associated with finding exactly {ital n} particles inside of either of these subvolumes. Furthermore, we derive the relationship between the probability functions and closely related quantities of interest, such as the nth nearest-neighbor distribution functions and the {ital n}-particle conditional pair distribution functions associated with each region. We solve for these quantities exactly in the one-dimensional hard-rod system. The methods developed for studying the hard-rod fluid are applicable for studying a wide class of one-dimensional systems. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
The Effect of Cimetidine and Ranitidine on Cognitive Function in Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patients

Objective:To compare the incidence of delirium in postoperative cardiac surgical patients treated with either cimetidine or ranitidine.Method:Cardiac surgery patients were randomized to receive eit...
Vitamin D status and impact of vitamin D3 and/or calcium supplementation in a randomized pilot study in the Southeastern United States.

Objective: Vitamin D supplementation may be required for certain subgroups in the United States in whom status and intake are inadequate, but the impact of various doses, and whether calcium administration jointly or independently influences vitamin D metabolite levels, is unclear.Methods: In a pilot chemoprevention trial of biomarkers of risk for colorectal adenoma, we measured the impact of vitamin D supplementation and/or calcium supplementation on plasma vitamin D metabolite concentrations. Ninety-two adult men and women living in the southeastern United States were randomized to 800 IU vitamin D3, 2000 mg elemental calcium, both, or placebo daily for 6 months. We examined vitamin D status at baseline and postintervention and compared the change in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25(OH)2D levels by intervention group using general linear models.Results: Eighty-two percent of the study population had insufficient plasma 25(OH)D concentrations (<75 nmol/L) at baseline, with the lowest levels ...
Diaphragm depth in normal subjects

Introduction: Needle electromyography (EMG) of the diaphragm carries the potential risk of pneumothorax. Knowing the approximate depth of the diaphragm should increase the test's safety and accuracy. Methods: Distances from the skin to the diaphragm and from the outer surface of the rib to the diaphragm were measured using B mode ultrasound in 150 normal subjects. Results: When measured at the lower intercostal spaces, diaphragm depth varied between 0.78 and 4.91 cm beneath the skin surface and between 0.25 and 1.48 cm below the outer surface of the rib. Using linear regression modeling, body mass index (BMI) could be used to predict diaphragm depth from the skin to within an average of 1.15 mm. Conclusions: Diaphragm depth from the skin can vary by more than 4 cm. When image guidance is not available to enhance accuracy and safety of diaphragm EMG, it is possible to reliably predict the depth of the diaphragm based on BMI. Muscle Nerve 49: 666–668, 2014
Teaching Moments and Negotiating Motherhood

This article explores the other selves and social identities that exist alongside the mother identity as well as the impact of the absence of wifehood in relation to mother and other â€œgenderedâ€ identities within the family unit.
α1D-Adrenergic Receptors and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mediate Increased Protein Synthesis by Arterial Smooth Muscle

Catecholamines may influence vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth and vascular hypertrophic diseases. We previously demonstrated that stimulation of α1-adrenoceptors (AR) causes hypertrophy of vascular SMCs in vitro and in situ. Here, we used adult rat aorta SMCs that express α1D- and α1B-ARs (but not α1A-ARs) in vitro to examine the mechanisms and α1-AR subtypes involved. Norepinephrine (NE) increased protein synthesis and content in a time- and dose-dependent manner. To identify the responsible α1-AR subtype, we first documented the selectivity of two α1-AR subtype antagonists, BMY 7378 (α1D-AR antagonist) and chloroethylclonidine (CEC; α1B-AR antagonist), using Rat-1 fibroblasts stably transfected with the three different rodent α1-AR cDNAs. NE dose-dependently increased protein synthesis in each cell line. In α1D fibroblasts, BMY 7378 inhibited growth and protected α1D-ARs from CEC alkylation while having little blocking or protecting effect on the growth induced by stimulation of fibroblasts that express α1A- or α1B-ARs. In rat aorta SMCs, pretreatment with CEC in the presence of BMY 7378 to protect α1D-ARs had no effect on NE-induced protein synthesis. BMY 7378 inhibited the SMC growth response with a pKb of 8.4. NE caused rapid and transient p42-p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation that was α1D-AR dependent. Furthermore, NE caused tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins, phosphorylation of Raf-1, and stimulation of c-fos mRNA expression in aorta SMCs. The selective MAPK kinase inhibitor PD 98059 inhibited NE-induced protein synthesis and MAPK activation with IC50values of 2.3 and 1.6 μm, respectively. These data demonstrate that SMC growth induced by NE is mediated by α1D-ARs that couple to activation of the MAPK cascade.
The first decade of appropriate use criteria: is the glass half empty or half full?

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) for cardiac imaging originated a decade ago [(1)][1]. Initial versions of AUC were published for single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), stress
Identifying factors influencing consumers' intent to install mobile applications

We survey and assess undergraduate students regarding smartphone and tablet usage.We assess factors that influence consumers to install mobile apps.Few previous studies have investigated factors that influence consumers intention to install mobile apps.Perceived security familiarity are significant factors that influence consumers intention to install mobile apps.Results show that consumers that perceive more security have greater trust and reduced perceived risk. The purpose of this research is to explore the factors that influence a consumer before installing a mobile application. A research model is created based on perceived risk, trust, perceived benefit, and intent to install. Seven antecedents of trust and risk include perceived security, perceived reputation, application characteristics, familiarity, desensitization, consumer disposition to trust, and consumer disposition to risk. Partial least squares (PLS) is used to test the research model. Only significant antecedents are retained and a new research model is created, which includes the antecedents of perceived security and familiarity. Results show that consumers that perceive more security have greater trust and reduced perceived risk. Furthermore, consumers that feel more familiar with finding, purchasing, downloading, and installing applications have greater trust and reduced perceived risk. More than half (R2=.505) of the variability in the intention to install an app is explained.
Was Brown's Declaration of Per Se Invalidity Really Out of the Blue? The Evolving Separate But Equal Education Jurisprudence from Cumming to Brown

Brown v. Board of Education is often described as having reached the right result but as not having had a good basis in existing law. Yet, the relevant jurisprudence existing before Brown provided ample support for the decision. While the Court may have erred in failing to make clear the doctrinal developments that had occurred in the preceding half-century and instead in emphasizing recent social scientific studies, the Brown decision was nonetheless firmly grounded and eminently defensible as a matter of law.
Postcolonial interculturality

Understanding intercultural collaboration is a thorny problem in CSCW and organizational studies that grows ever more important as globalization increases intercultural interactions among individuals, groups, and technologies. We suggest that Postcolonial Studies may offer richer frameworks for analysis than taxonomic models of culture such as Hofstede's dimensions of difference. A postcolonial perspective sees culture as dynamic and always changing, stressing the importance of colonial histories, uneven economic relations, and local knowledge systems in framing and designing information technologies.
The heyday of myth and cliché

In the atomic bomb's “cosmic” powers, some saw a mad scientist's monster, others the harbinger of a Golden Age.
Non-intrusive Velocity and Density Measurements in Subsonic Turbulent Boundary Layer

Aero-optical distortions of a subsonic boundary layer in a spanwise direction were experimentally investigated at different Mach numbers. Convective speeds were extracted as a function of distance from the wall and compared with hot-wire mean velocities. It was found that optically-extracted velocities match hot-wire velocities in the log-region of the boundary layer, suggesting that wavefront sensors can be used to non-intrusively extract the skin friction coefficient using the Clauser method. Aero-optical spectra at different wallnormal distances were also measured and from them characteristic streamwise length scales were estimated. Finally, weighed density fluctuation profiles and the spanwise correlation lengths were measured in wall-normal direction.
Undergraduate Information Resource Choices

This study provides a thorough overview of information consumption at a modest-sized liberal arts college. It is based on a citation analysis of an extensive sample of bibliographies drawn from papers written for 64 intermediate and advanced courses. The papers, representing 17 academic departments, were written during the 2004–05 academic year. The citations were analyzed by type of resource, and for books and journals, local ownership and age information was noted. The format (electronic or print) of locally available journals was also recorded. Both divisional and overall results are presented, and statistically significant results are noted.
Effect of M1–M2 Polarization on the Motility and Traction Stresses of Primary Human Macrophages

Macrophages become polarized by cues in their environment and this polarization causes a functional change in their behavior. Two main subsets of polarized macrophages have been described. M1, or "classically activated" macrophages, are pro-inflammatory and M2, or "alternatively activated" macrophages, are anti-inflammatory. In this study, we investigated the motility and force generation of primary human macrophages polarized down the M1 and M2 pathways using chemokinesis assays and traction force microscopy on polyacrylamide gels. We found that M1 macrophages are significantly less motile and M2 macrophages are significantly more motile than unactivated M0 macrophages. We also showed that M1 macrophages generate significantly less force than M0 or M2 macrophages. We further found that M0 and M2, but not M1, macrophage force generation is dependent on ROCK signaling, as identified using the chemical inhibitor Y27632. Finally, using the chemical inhibitor blebbistatin, we found that myosin contraction is required for force generation by M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. This study represents the first investigation of the changes in the mechanical motility mechanisms used by macrophages after polarization.
Capsaicin Inhibits Activation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Currents in Capsaicin-Sensitive Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in hot pepper, activates nociceptors to produce pain and inflammation. However, repeated exposures of capsaicin will cause desensitization to nociceptive stimuli. ...
Long-term follow-up of posterior iliopsoas transplantation for paralytic dislocation of the hip.

Fifty-three children born with a myelomeningocele were reviewed five to ten years following hip surgery. The natural history of hip instability in these children was studied. In fifty-eight hips in thirty-three children the operative treatment included a posterior iliopsoas tendon transplantation. At review, twenty-three of these hips were unstable, thirty-four were stable, and one hip had fused. Twenty-five of the thirty-three children were capable of some form of independent gait.
THE FIRST COMMANDMENT WITH A PROMISE: RECENT AMERICAN PREACHING ON "HONOR YOUR FATHER AND YOUR MOTHER"

Christian sermons characteristically result from the interaction of a biblical text and the social and cultural contexts in which the sermon is created and into which it is spoken. In this regard, biblical texts are understood not as containers of unchanging truth but as fields of meaning capable of yielding different insights in each new context, and sermons constitute oral performances of these insights. As a test case, American Christian sermons based upon the so-called fifth commandment (“Honor your father and your mother …”) were examined from two time periods: 1960–1980 and 2000–present. In the earlier period, a time of anxiety about changing norms of social authority, the sermons typically presented the fifth commandment as addressed to young children, calling them to obey their parents. In the later period, a time when the large baby boomer generation is increasingly assuming care for aging parents, the sermons typically presented the fifth commandment as addressed not to youth but rather to adults charged with the responsibility to care for the elderly. While understanding the fifth commandment as addressed to adult children is probably closer to the original meaning of the text, both audiences for the commandment (adult children and youthful children) are within the field of meaning of the text and, indeed, both understandings find expression elsewhere in scripture.
Geometric Risk Factors Associated With Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Rupture

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft rupture occurs at a high rate, especially in young athletes. The geometries of the tibial plateau and femoral intercondylar notch are risk factors for first-time ACL injury; however, little is known about the relationship between these geometries and risk of ACL graft rupture.Hypothesis:The geometric risk factors for noncontact graft rupture are similar to those previously identified for first-time noncontact ACL injury, and sex-specific differences exist.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Eleven subjects who suffered a noncontact ACL graft rupture and 44 subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction but did not experience graft rupture were included in the study. Using magnetic resonance imaging, the geometries of the tibial plateau subchondral bone, articular cartilage, meniscus, tibial spines, and femoral notch were measured. Risk factors associated with ACL graft rupture were identified using Cox regression.Results:The following ...
Social determinants, multimorbidity, and patterns of end-of-life care in older adults dying from cancer

Abstract Objective Most prior studies on aggressive end-of-life care in older patients with cancer have accounted for social determinants of health (e.g., race, income, and education), but rarely for multimoribidity (MM). In this study, we examine the association between end-of-life care and each of the social determinants of health and MM, hypothesizing that higher MM is associated with less aggressive care. Methods From the linked 1991–2008 Health and Retirement Study, Medicare data, and the National Death Index, we identified fee-for-service patients age ≥66years who died from cancer ( n =835). MM was defined as the occurrence or co-occurrence of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and/or geriatric syndromes. Aggressive care was based on claims-derived measures of receipt of cancer-directed treatment in the last two weeks of life; admission to the hospital and/or emergency department (ED) within the last month; and in-hospital death. We also identified patients enrolled in hospice. In multivariable logistic regression models, we analyzed the associations of interest, adjusting for potential confounders. Results While 61.2% of the patients enrolled in hospice, 24.6% underwent cancer-directed treatment; 55.1% were admitted to the hospital and/or ED; and 21.7% died in the hospital. We observed a U-shaped distribution between income and in-hospital death. Chronic conditions and geriatric syndromes were associated with some outcomes, but not with others. Conclusions To improve quality end-of-life care and curtail costs incurred by dying patients, relevant interventions need to account for social determinants of health and MM in a nuanced fashion.
Abstract B22: Novel dual regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance prevents metastases of triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are associated with a higher rate of metastatic recurrence and poorer prognosis due to intrinsic biological aggressiveness and lack of targeted therapies. Novel strategies to prevent metastasis are needed to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with TNBC. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anoikis resistance are processes recognized as contributing to treatment resistance and enhanced metastatic potential. In a functional genomic screen, we identified several candidates as novel dual regulators of EMT and anoikis sensitivity of triple negative breast cancer cells, that can be pharmacologically targeted to prevent metastases. One highly validated candidate, PTK6/Brk, specifically enhances anoikis resistance and metastatic potential of triple negative breast cancer cells via E-cadherin regulation. Overexpression of PTK6 in non-transformed immortalized breast epithelial cells is sufficient to promote an EMT, whereas PTK6 inhibition (either PTK6 shRNA or kinase inhibitor treatment) enhances E-cadherin expression and suppresses migration and lung colonization of TNBC cells. PTK6-dependent E-cadherin regulation and anoikis resistance is specifically dependent on levels of SNAIL, a transcriptional repressor. SNAIL down-regulation by PTK6 inhibition is directly responsible for modulation of anoikis sensitivity, which is in turn causally linked to lung colonization potential. PTK6 inhibition promotes the degradation of SNAIL via a novel mechanism independent of GSK3β and Fbox proteins known to regulate Snail ubiquitination. Using an siRNA screening approach, we identified novel E3 ligase candidates responsible for SNAIL ubiquitination and degradation downstream of PTK6 inhibition. PTK6 is a representative novel regulator of EMT and anoikis resistance that can be targeted to prevent metastases of patient triple negative tumors. Citation Format: Koichi Ito, Sun Hee Park, Anupma Nayak, Hanna Y. Irie. Novel dual regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance prevents metastases of triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B22.
Changes in the Chemistry of Groundwater Reacted with CO2: Comparison of Laboratory Results with the ZERT Field Pilot ☆

Abstract As part of the ZERT program, sediments from two wells at the ZERT site, located in Bozeman, Montana, USA were reacted with a solution having the composition of local groundwater. A total of 50 water samples were collected from 7 containers placed for 15 days in a glove box with one atmosphere of CO 2 to investigate detailed changes in the concentrations of major, minor and trace inorganic compounds, and to compare these with changes observed in groundwater at the ZERT site following CO 2 injection. Laboratory results included rapid changes in pH (8.6 to 5.7), alkalinity (243 to 1295 mg/L as HCO 3 ), electrical conductance (539 to 1822 μS/cm), Ca (28 to 297 mg/L), Mg (18 to 63 mg/L), Fe (5 to 43 μg/L) and Mn (2 to 837 μg/L) following CO 2 injection. These chemical changes, which are in general agreement with those obtained from sampling the ZERT monitoring wells, could provide early detection of CO 2 leakage into shallow groundwater. Dissolution of calcite, some dolomite and minor Mn-oxides, and desorption/ion exchange are likely the main geochemical processes responsible for the observed changes.
Global and gene specific DNA methylation as a screening tool for early detection of liver cancer.

B136 Background: Global hypomethylation and CpG island promoter hypermethylation have been identified as hallmarks of human cancer. The genome of the transformed cell undergoes a global genomic hypomethylation and a dense hypermethylation of CpG islands associated with gene regulatory regions. Although the temporal association between these two events has not been elucidated, it is widely recognized that global hypomethylation is one of the earliest epigenetic changes in the transformation to a diseased cell, followed by a progressive increase in gene specific hypermethylation. There are no studies that examine the relationship between these two events in liver cancer as a potential indicator of early carcinogenesis. Previously, we reported hypermethylation of PGP9.5 and NMDAR2B in human esophageal cancer. >Objective: In this study we aim to validate the use of PGP9.5 and NMDAR2B together with global methylation levels as a potential biomarker panel for early detection of liver cancer. >Methods: Ten frozen tumor tissues from liver cancer patients and 10 frozen liver tissue control samples from non-cancerous patients were obtained from the Cooperative Human Tissue Network. DNA was extracted using standard methods. Genomic DNA samples were boiled and treated with nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase. Global DNA hypomethylation was quantified using HPLC for fraction separation and Mass Spectrometry for quantification. We compared the promoter methylation status of PGP9.5 and NMDAR2B in pre-malignant liver with that in liver tumor tissues by using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP). The methylation status of p16, p15, and RASSF1A was also examined in parallel. >Results: A global methylation index measuring methylated cytidine relative to global cytidine in the genome was significantly lower (p-value = 0.0001) for all tumor tissue, mean = 2.39 (95% CI, 1.99, 2.80), when compared to tissue from non-cancerous liver, mean = 3.54 (95% CI, 3.16, 3.93). In liver tumor, PGP9.5 methylation was observed with highest frequency (100 %). The methylation frequency in NMDAR2B and RASSF1A was also very high (83%), but p16 or p15 methylation was relatively low (33% in p16 and 0% in p15), Interestingly, RASSF1A methylation was detected in all non-cancerous liver tissue tested (100%). NMDAR2B and p15 methylation was observed in (57%), and (14%) non-cancerous liver. PGP9.5 and p16 methylation was not detected in non-cancerous liver tissue. >Conclusion: The results of this proof-of-principle study suggest that an epigenetic panel of global and gene specific methylation changes may be a useful biomarker of early detection in cancer. RASSF1A and NMDAR2B are possibly more sensitive markers than p15 or p16 in detection of liver cancer.
A New Mode of Mitotic Surveillance

Cells have evolved certain precautions to preserve their genomic content during mitosis and avoid potentially oncogenic errors. Besides the well-established DNA damage checkpoint and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), recent observations have identified an additional mitotic failsafe referred to as the mitotic surveillance pathway. This pathway triggers a cell cycle arrest to block the growth of potentially unfit daughter cells and is activated by both prolonged mitosis and centrosome loss. Recent genome-wide screens surprisingly revealed that 53BP1 and USP28 act upstream of p53 to mediate signaling through the mitotic surveillance pathway. Here we review advances in our understanding of this failsafe and discuss how 53BP1 and USP28 adopt noncanonical roles to function in this pathway.
Preterm Delivery as a Unique Pathophysiologic State Characterized by Maternal Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 and Uterine Artery Resistance During Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Preterm delivery (PTD) may be characterized by altered interrelationships among angiogenic factors and measures of placental function. We analyzed the longitudinal relationship between maternal serum concentrations of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), an important antiangiogenic factor, and uterine artery resistance in pregnancies resulting in preterm and term deliveries. METHODS Data were collected in a longitudinal cohort study involving 278 women monitored at 6 to 10, 10 to 14, 16 to 20, 22 to 26, and 32 to 36 weeks of gestation. Concentrations of maternal serum sFlt1 were determined using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and uterine artery resistance indices (RI) were measured by Doppler velocimetry at each interval. Preterm delivery was defined as birth before 37-weeks completed gestation. Data analyses used multivariable repeated measures regression models. RESULTS Uterine artery RI decreased across gestation. As pregnancy progressed, RI trajectories diverged for term and preterm deliveries; the mean RI was significantly higher in third trimester for pregnancies resulting in PTD ( P = .08). sFlt1 was stable through 21 3/7 weeks of gestation and then increased rapidly; women who delivered preterm had significantly higher sFlt1 levels in the third trimester ( P = .04). The relationship between uterine artery RI and sFlt1 from the prior visit was significantly different between the groups ( P < .0001). For term deliveries, higher sFlt1 concentrations were associated with a smaller RI at the subsequent visit (β = -.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.14 to -0.02). For PTD, higher sFlt1 concentrations were associated with a larger uterine artery RI (β = .14, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.22). CONCLUSION PTD is characterized by altered relationships between angiogenic factors and placental vascular blood flow starting in early pregnancy.
Homicide by Asthma

Asthma may be the cause of death in some homicides. Bronchial asthma is a common disease, and the National Institutes of Health have estimated that 10.5% (30.2 million) of the United States populat...
Autonomous exploration of visually-degraded environments using aerial robots

This paper presents a combined perception systems and planning algorithms approach to the problem of autonomous aerial robotic navigation and exploration in degraded visual (dark) GPS-denied environments. A perception system that comprises of a synchronized near-infrared stereo camera system, flashing LEDs, inertial sensors and a 3D depth sensor is utilized in order to derive visual-inertial odometry and dense mapping in conditions of complete darkness. Exploiting this ability within the framework of a localizability-aware receding horizon exploration and mapping planner, the proposed approach ensures robotic autonomy in dark environments for which no prior knowledge exists. A set of experimental studies in a dark room of complex geometry, as well as a city tunnel at night were conducted to evaluate and verify the abilities of the system and the proposed solution.
Gender Diverse Recruitment to Research Projects

Participation of families, patients, and communities from diverse population groups in research in general is lower than participation of people from the dominant cultures in the United States (Halbert et al., 2008). The lower participation of minority groups is problematic from both a scientific and a social justice viewpoint. In health research, for example, from a scientific standpoint lack of participation of a specific subgroup, such as ethnic minorities, prevents the exploration of specific ethnic differences in patterns of disease (Burchard et al., 2003; Cooper, Kaufman, & Ward, 2003; Krieger, Chen, Waterman, Rehkopf, & Subramanian, 2005). In turn, the lack of study of the biological and social patterns of disease and risks among diverse ethnic and racial groups leads to the inability to identify differential risks among ethnic groups. Furthermore, although it is widely recognized that health disparities between ethnic groups are overwhelmingly environmental in nature (e.g., due to differences in socioeconomic status, education, culture, lifestyles) (Institute of Medicine, 2003; Sankar et al., 2004), the lack of studies of diverse groups of people prevents us from identifying the key causal elements of the disparities. This knowledge is critical as we move forward to apply multidisciplinary approaches to prevent, treat, and control diseases and to promote physical and mental health. Indeed, the limited participation of a diverse population in studies of risk factors for psychological and social problems will lead to inadequate consideration of a broad base for solutions to problems of all sorts. For example, if we do not identify the social and behavioral diversity related to health patterns, we reduce the likelihood that changing and improving these patterns will be solved through social and behavioral means. One thing is clear: if we do not recruit diverse samples into our studies, we impede progress toward an accurate understanding of the psychological issues described in all of the chapters in this handbook and reduce the likelihood that we will be able to reduce disparities of all sorts. Recruitment and sampling are the most critical phases of any study in which we want to compare two or more groups of people on our outcome variables. We have all heard jokes about psychological knowledge being based only upon evidence from rats and college sophomores. Although this largely has been true historically, psychologists now recognize that generalizability from research samples requires that those samples be more representative of the general population than most college student samples are likely to be. Given that the majority of psychology majors in the United States now are women, specific attention to the recruitment of male participants is needed if research is conducted on campus. Furthermore, from a social justice standpoint, it is important to create research settings that have equitable access to participation for all persons, independent of ethnic background
Communication Development of Children with Visual Impairment and Deafblindness: A Synthesis of Intervention Research

Abstract This chapter reports the results of a synthesis of research on educational interventions to improve early and emergent communication skills, both expressive and receptive, for children and youth with visual impairment and deafblindness, birth to 22 years of age. A search of electronic databases and recently published systematic reviews returned 34 articles published from January 2000 to August 2013 meeting inclusion criteria. Intervention studies focused primarily on communication partner training (n = 12), microswitch use (n = 10), or object symbol use (n = 7). The majority of researchers used experimental single-subject methods (n = 21, 62%) to examine efficacy of intervention to improve expressive communication skill. Results are discussed in terms of student characteristics, settings for intervention, critical procedural parameters, and targeted communication skills. Key conclusions for practitioners and researchers include individualizing interventions based on student preferences, ensuring the accessibility of materials and communication partners, implementing interventions within meaningful and naturalistic daily routines, training communication partners to be responsive, and designing and implementing high-quality research to identify evidence-based practices for communication interventions.
Biologically Produced Electrical Fields: Physiology Spoken Here

Like many other areas of developmental biology, an appreciation of the molecular and genetic controls of nerve growth and regeneration has dominated the last 40 years of inquiry. These approaches have indeed provided some stunning new insights, but they have also squeezed out other important disciplines. This intellectual myopia is particularly true concerning the literature on endogenous and applied voltages in development and regeneration. Other scholars have remarked upon this bias. Dale Purves and Jeff Lichtman noted in their book Principles of Neural Development: “The idea that embryonic currents influence axon outgrowth (or other aspects of embryonic pattern) is often given rather short shrift” (p 127).
Image Quality and Practicality of Scanning Large Abdomens with Large-Low Frequency and Smaller-High Frequency Transducers

Pulse echo imaging of deeper structures in patients with large abdomens yields very poor image quality in most cases. This is due in part to the fact that the 2.25 MHz and lower frequency transducers, which have enough sensitivity for imaging at long ranges, have been so small in diameter that the beam cannot be focused at long ranges, that is, large depths in the patient. It is a fundamental limitation of ultrasound transducers that their focal point cannot be placed at a range from the transducer greater than the near to far field transition point. As can be calculated readily, the length of the near field of commonly employed ultrasound transducers extends beyond 14 cm only on the 3.5 MHz, 19 mm diameter transducer. Unfortunately, many ultrasound systems cannot image deep structures at frequencies as high as 3.5 MHz.
On Rectifying Conceptual Ecumenism

This brief commentary is testimony to Maddux’s resilient sense of efficacy. Because of a burdensome load of commitments, I repeatedly thwarted his requests to prepare a commentary for this edited volume. An editor of lesser efficacy would have long accepted the futility of further enlistment efforts. However, as the clinching efficacious act, Maddux sent me the complete manuscript with the implication that his failed attempts called into question a central tenet of self-efficacy theory, namely, that an unshakable sense of efficacy enables one to find a way to succeed in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Reading the concluding commentary with its serious misconceptions about the nature of human efficacy created an additional self-persuasive influence to put pen to paper. Because of time constraints I will confine my remarks mainly to Kirsch’s concluding commentary.