cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IRTF spectra for 17 asteroids from the C and X complexes: A discussion of continuum slopes and their relationships to C chondrites and phyllosilicates

Abstract In order to gain further insight into their surface compositions and relationships with meteorites, we have obtained spectra for 17 C and X complex asteroids using NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility and SpeX infrared spectrometer. We augment these spectra with data in the visible region taken from the on-line databases. Only one of the 17 asteroids showed the three features usually associated with water, the UV slope, a 0.7 μm feature and a 3 μm feature, while five show no evidence for water and 11 had one or two of these features. According to DeMeo et al. (2009) , whose asteroid classification scheme we use here, 88% of the variance in asteroid spectra is explained by continuum slope so that asteroids can also be characterized by the slopes of their continua. We thus plot the slope of the continuum between 1.8 and 2.5 μm against slope between 1.0 and 1.75 μm, the break at ∼1.8 μm chosen since phyllosilicates show numerous water-related features beyond this wavelength. On such plots, the C complex fields match those of phyllosilicates kaolinite and montmorillonite that have been heated to about 700 °C, while the X complex fields match the fields for phyllosilicates montmorillonite and serpentine that have been similarly heated. We thus suggest that the surface of the C complex asteroids consist of decomposition products of kaolinite or montmorillonite while for the X complex we suggest that surfaces consist of decomposition products of montmorillonite or serpentine. On the basis of overlapping in fields on the continuum plots we suggest that the CI chondrites are linked with the Cgh asteroids, individual CV and CR chondrites are linked with Xc asteroids, a CK chondrite is linked with the Ch or Cgh asteroids, a number of unusual CI/CM meteorites are linked with C asteroids, and the CM chondrites are linked with the Xk asteroids. The associations are in reasonable agreement with chondrite mineralogy and albedo data.
Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Effects of the Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor Rolipram on Behavior Depend on Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Protein-Mediated Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP (cAMP), increases phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and hippocampal neurogenesis, and produces antidepressant-like effects on behavior; however, causal links among these actions have not been established. In this study, chronic administration of rolipram (0.31-1.25 mg/kg, 16-23 days) produced antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects on behavior in mice. It also increased cAMP and pCREB levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, but increased Sox2, a marker for mitotic progenitor cells, only in the hippocampus. Chronic rolipram treatment also increased hippocampal neurogenesis, as evidenced by increased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Methylazoxymethanol (MAM), which is toxic to proliferating cells, reversed rolipram-induced increases in BrdU-positive cells and pCREB in the hippocampus and partially blocked its behavioral effects. Approximately 84% of BrdU-positive cells became newborn neurons, 93% of which co-expressed pCREB; these proportions were not altered by rolipram or MAM, either alone or in combination. Finally, 3 weeks after the end of the MAM treatment, when neurogenesis was no longer inhibited, rolipram again increased hippocampal pCREB and its antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects were restored. Overall, these results suggest that rolipram produces its effects on behavior in a manner that at least partially depends on its neurogenic action in the hippocampus, targeting mitotic progenitor cells rather than newborn or mature neurons; cAMP/CREB signaling in hippocampal newborn neurons is critical for neurogenesis and contributes to the behavioral effects of rolipram.
Factor Structure of Deterrents to Public Participation in Adult Education.

This study sought to identify the factors that deter the general public from participating in organized adult education. An instrument modeled on the Deterrents to Participation Scale (DPS) reporte...
Taking disease seriously in DSM.

One of the most contentious topics in psychiatry is the concept of disease. It might seem odd that a medical specialty should debate the concept of disease, which is so central to medicine itself. Even in the ancient Hippocratic perspective, it was held that the art of medicine had three parts: the doctor, the patient, and the disease. To deny the disease concept would be to deny scientific medicine (1). But for two millennia, most physicians, following Galen, did just that. Galen said there was only one disease: variations of abnormalities of the four humours. One could not be more specific. Further, the one physical disease of the humours differed from person to person since the specific mixes of the four humours that were abnormal could vary infinitely in different persons. Galen “individualized” diagnosis for each person.
Minimum distance lack-of-fit tests for fixed design

Abstract This paper discusses a class of tests of lack-of-fit of a parametric regression model when design is non-random and uniform on [0,1]. These tests are based on certain minimized distances between a nonparametric regression function estimator and the parametric model being fitted. We investigate asymptotic null distributions of the proposed tests, their consistency and asymptotic power against a large class of fixed and sequences of local nonparametric alternatives, respectively. The best fitted parameter estimate is seen to be n1/2-consistent and asymptotically normal. A crucial result needed for proving these results is a central limit lemma for weighted degenerate U statistics where the weights are arrays of some non-random real numbers. This result is of an independent interest and an extension of a result of Hall for non-weighted degenerate U statistics.
Maternal cardiac metabolism in pregnancy

Pregnancy causes dramatic physiological changes in the expectant mother. The placenta, mostly foetal in origin, invades maternal uterine tissue early in pregnancy and unleashes a barrage of hormones and other factors. This foetal ‘invasion’ profoundly reprogrammes maternal physiology, affecting nearly every organ, including the heart and its metabolism. We briefly review here maternal systemic metabolic changes during pregnancy and cardiac metabolism in general. We then discuss changes in cardiac haemodynamic during pregnancy and review what is known about maternal cardiac metabolism during pregnancy. Lastly, we discuss cardiac diseases during pregnancy, including peripartum cardiomyopathy, and the potential contribution of aberrant cardiac metabolism to disease aetiology.
Social influence and the diffusion of user-created content

Social influence determines to a large extent what we adopt and when we adopt it. This is just as true in the digital domain as it is in real life, and has become of increasing importance due to the deluge of user-created content on the Internet. In this paper, we present an empirical study of user-to-user content transfer occurring in the context of a time-evolving social network in Second Life, a massively multiplayer virtual world.We identify and model social influence based on the change in adoption rate following the actions of one's friends and find that the social network plays a significant role in the adoption of content. Adoption rates quicken as the number of friends adopting increases and this effect varies with the connectivity of a particular user. We further find that sharing among friends occurs more rapidly than sharing among strangers, but that content that diffuses primarily through social influence tends to have a more limited audience. Finally, we examine the role of individuals, finding that some play a more active role in distributing content than others, but that these influencers are distinct from the early adopters.
Spherical indentation of lungs : Experiments, modeling and sub-surface imaging

Knowledge of mechanics in atelectasis (alveolar collapse) and reinflation would be useful during anesthesia and critical care. Here an investigation is presented in which atelectasis is induced in a controlled manner on excised inflated lungs using spherical indentation, and noninvasive imaging of the deformed subsurface region is performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Indentation loads are physiologic, and spatial dimensions are far larger than alveolar size to allow continuum discussions. Experimental observations of atelectasis are compared with finite element model calculations of maximum stresses. Finally, atelectasis is compared during inflation of lungs with different gases (e.g., air, oxygen/anesthesia mixture).
A simple and versatile mini-arc plasma source for nanocrystal synthesis

Nanocrystals in the lower-nanometer-size range are attracting growing interest due to their unique properties. A simple and versatile atmospheric direct current mini-arc plasma source has been developed to produce nanoparticles as small as a few nanometers. The nanoparticles are formed by direct vaporization of solid precursors followed by a rapid quenching. Both semiconductor tin oxide and metallic silver nanoparticles have been produced at rates of 1–10 mg/h using the mini-arc source. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that most nanoparticles as produced are nonagglomerated and crystalline. Size distributions of nanoparticles measured with an online scanning electrical mobility spectrometer are broader than the self-preserving distribution, suggesting that the nanoparticle growth is coagulation-dominated, and that the particles experience a range of residence times. The electrical charges carried by as-produced aerosol nanoparticles facilitate the manipulation of nanoparticles. The new mini-arc plasma source hence shows promise to accelerate the exploration of nanostructured materials.
Molecular genetics of nematode muscle.

Within the past several years, traditional genetic analyses of C. elegans have been extended with a powerful array of new reagents and methodologies thatmake an integrated approach to muscle biology possible in this organism. Mutations can now be related to their genes and proteins; proteins and genes can be related to the corresponding mutants; and many of these components can be manipulated by design in vivo
The anti-inflammatory effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors are independent of leukocyte recruitment

Excess leukocyte recruitment to the lung plays a central role in the development or exacerbation of several lung inflammatory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid reported to have multiple biological functions, including blocking of leukocyte recruitment to inflamed endothelium in cell culture through reduction of adhesion molecule expression. Inhibition of the EET regulatory enzyme, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) also has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in vivo including reduced leukocyte recruitment to the lung. We tested the hypothesis that the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of sEH inhibitors act through the same mechanisms as the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of EETs in a rat model of acute inflammation following exposure to tobacco smoke. Contrary to previously published data, we found that sEH inhibition did not reduce tobacco smoke-induced leukocyte recruitment to the lung. Furthermore, sEH inhibition did not reduce tobacco smoke-induced adhesion molecule expression in the lung vasculature. Similarly, concentrations of EETs greater than or equal to their reported effective dose did not reduce TNF a induced expression of the adhesion molecules. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of sEH inhibitors are independent of leukocyte recruitment and EETs do not reduce the adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte recruitment in vitro. This demonstrates that the widely held belief that sEH inhibition prevents leukocyte recruitment via EET prevention of adhesion molecule expression is not consistently reproducible.
Language and negotiation of ethnic/racial identity among Dominican Americans

The ethnolinguistic terms in which the children of Dominican immigrants in Rhode Island think of themselves, i.e. as “Spanish” or “Hispanic,” are frequently at odds with the phenotype-based racial terms “Black” or “African American,” applied to them by others in the United States. Spanish language is central to resisting such phenotype-racial categorization, which denies Dominican Americans their Hispanic ethnicity. Through discourse analysis of naturally occurring peer interaction at a high school, this article shows how a Dominican American who is phenotypically indistinguishable from African Americans uses language, in both intra- and inter-ethnic contexts, to negotiate identity and resist ascription to totalizing phenotype-racial categories. In using language to resist such hegemonic social categorization, the Dominican second generation is contributing to the transformation of existing social categories and the constitution of new ones in the US. (Dominican, construction of race, African-descent immigrants, ethnolinguistic identity, Spanish)* Dominican American self-definition of race in terms of ethnolinguistic heritage ‐ as “Spanish,” “Dominican,” or “Hispanic” ‐ runs counter to popular and historical US notions of race in which African-descent phenotype has preceded all other criteria (e.g. national origin, language, or religion) for social classification. African-descent race has historically been treated as equivalent to Africandescent ethnicity in the US (Mittelberg & Waters 1993), with the result that immigrants of African descent have largely merged into the African American population by the second generation (Bryce-Laporte 1972, Woldemikael 1989, Waters 1994). Unlike these other African-descent groups, Dominican Americans are successfully reversing, in many contexts, the historical precedence of African
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Depression Severity and Functional Status

OBJECTIVE: Major depression has a negative impact on functional status and quality of life, but little is known about racial or ethnic differences in the relationship between depression and functional disability. This study compared the association between depression severity and functional status among three different racial or ethnic groups. METHODS: Data were from participants in the original Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) Primary Care Study and PHQ Obstetrics-Gynecology Study (N=5,427). Among the study participants, 62.0 percent were non-Hispanic white, 14.8 percent were African American, and 23.1 percent were Latino. Depression severity was assessed with the PHQ-9, the self-administered DSM-IV criteria-based depression module of the PHQ diagnostic instrument for mental disorders. Functional status was measured with the scales of the Medical Outcomes Study 20-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-20), self-reported disability days, clinic visits, and symptom-related difficulty. Groups were compared in terms of mean PHQ-9 scores and functional status at varying levels of depression severity. Linear regression was used to control for age, gender, education level, and language. RESULTS: Mean PHQ-9 scores were not significantly different between the three different racial or ethnic groups. Similar linear associations were found in all three racial or ethnic groups between increasing PHQ-9 scores (more severe depression) and worsening function on the SF-20 scales and an increased number of disability days and clinic visits. Latinos reported significantly less functional impairment on all measures of functionality compared with non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS: Functional impairment increased with increasing levels of depression severity in all three racial or ethnic groups, although Latinos consistently reported fewer functional disturbances compared with non-Hispanic whites.
Lesbian couples as therapeutic donor insemination recipients: do they differ from other patients?

Reports were based on 23 lesbian couples seeking therapeutic donor insemination (TDI). Seventeen single women and 14 heterosexual couples with known infertility, due to vasectomy, were recipient controls. No group differences were found on self-esteem, psychiatric symptomatology or dyadic adjustment, except mat lesbians reported greater dyadic cohesion than heterosexuals. Lesbians and single women were likely to disclose their use of TDI to others and had planned to disclose this to any child conceived; married couples were divided on this issue. Groups were alike in what they wanted to know about the donor (principally health variables and medical history), and in their concerns about the use of TDI (genetic and medical history). Groups differed in the reasons they elected to use TDI, with lesbian couples and single women choosing TDI affirmatively, and married couples accepting it as a last resort.
Suppression of Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pepper fruit infestation with releases of Catolaccus hunteri (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Abstract The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, is an important pest of Capsicum spp. pepper in Florida, Puerto Rico, and Central America. Catolaccus hunteri Crawford is the most abundant parasitoid attacking pepper weevil larvae in Florida. Weekly releases of C. hunteri at a rate of 1600 adults per 0.2-ha plot in organically-grown bell pepper, C. annuum L., beginning at first bloom resulted in fewer weevil infested fruit compared to 0.2-ha plots where no parasitoids were released. Weekly releases of C. hunteri adults on nightshade, Solanum americanum Mill, during the fall/winter off-season followed by weekly releases of the same parasitoid in adjacent bell pepper during the spring in-season resulted in fewer infested pepper fruit compared to off-season nightshade and in-season pepper where no parasitoids were released. The results of these experiments demonstrate the potential of augmentative releases of C. hunteri for suppressing infestations of pepper fruit by pepper weevil larvae.
Cooperation between retinoic acid and phorbol esters enhances human teratocarcinoma differentiation

Abstract This study explored cooperation between the retinoic acid (RA) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways during differentiation of the multipotential human teratocarcinoma (TC) cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (abbreviated NT2/D1). We report here that, compared to RA treatment alone, RA combined with the PKC stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhanced the regulated expression of the immunophenotypic differentiation markers SSEA-3, a globo-series carbohydrate, and the ganglio-series carbohydrate antigens GD2 and GD3. Northern analysis and transient transfection assays revealed that TPA co-treatment augmented the RA-induced expression and activation of the RA nuclear receptor-β (RAR-β), one early marker of RA response in NT2/D1 cells. This finding was extended with transient co-transfection experiments using a PKC-α expression vector which revealed that the PKC pathway can augment the activation of RAR-β by RA. These experiments establish PKC as a modulator of RAR-β expression in NT2/D1 cells. Similarly, experiments showed that RA can modulate activation of the PKC-responsive AP- 1 complex, a transcription factor rapidly activated by TPA. Northern analysis and transient transfection assays revealed that, compared to TPA treatment alone, RA and TPA augmented the expression and transcriptional activity of AP-1 in NT2/D1 cells. In contrast, transient transfection assays revealed no cooperative effect between RA and TPA in HeLa cells, indicating that this effect in NT2/D1 cells is cell type-specific. In summary, these studies show that stimulation of the PKC second messenger pathway can modulate tumor differentiation and transcriptional activation of a retinoid receptor associated with RA response.
Mathematical model of the hydrocyclone based on physics of fluid flow

A mathematical model of the hydrocyclone, based on the physics of fluid flow, has been developed. The model equations are solved in a computer code that takes as input the hydrocyclone dimensions and feed slurry characteristics. The output of the computer code is the velocity profiles of the fluid and the separation efficiency curve. To validate the model, an LDV was used to measure the velocity profiles inside a 75-mm hydrocyclone. Pure water and glycerol-water mixture were used as the working media to simulate the increase of slurry viscosity in the presence of solid particles. The predicted velocity profiles agree well with the experimental measurements. Dilute limestone slurry was also classified with the same hydrocyclone, and predicted the separation efficiency curve shows good agreement with experimental observation.
The Effects of Economic Crisis, Domestic Discord, and State Efficacy on the Decision to Initiate Interstate Conflict

Studies of diversionary conflict typically claim that lower rates of economic growth and domestic unrest increase the risk of militarized interstate conflict. Research shows that these factors are also related to regime changes. Lower rates of economic growth and domestic conflict should increase the risk that governments are overthrown. This article investigates the comparative risk of economic growth and domestic turmoil on militarized interstate conflict and regime changes on a sample of over 100 countries from 1920-92. I find that higher rates of economic growth are related to violent militarized interstate conflicts and reduce the risk of regime changes. Democracy and economic development likewise provide internal stability and interstate peace. Yet the risk of regime change increases rapidly relative to involvement in an interstate conflict for states affected by high levels of domestic conflict, suggesting that any diversionary strategies are a risky gambit that have a high chance of failure.
Brittle-plastic deformation in mylonites: An example from the Meadow Fork thrust, western Blue Ridge province, southern Appalachians

Recent conceptual models for fault-related rocks imply that mylonites with internal shear surfaces may exhibit frictional characteristics and that they potentially can form within the seismogenic zone. This paper describes a lower- greenschist-facies quartz-rich mylonite zone from the western Blue Ridge province in the southern Appalachians that displays evidence for episodic deformation by both crystal plastic and brittle mechanisms. Strain was largely accommodated by quartz, whereas feldspar behaved rigidly and passively. Plastically deformed monocrystalline quartz ribbons and the assemblage chlorite- quartz-muscovite are consistent with temperatures of deformation between 300 and 400 °C and, together with fluid-inclusion measurements, indicate that fluid pressures fluctuated between 90 and 300 Mpa. If one assumes that the maximum pressure represents lithostatic conditions, this corresponds to a depth of about 12 km. Quartz c-axis fabrics display both symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns with respect to the foliation and indicate that deformation occurred under coaxial and noncoaxial conditions. Healed microcracks and extensional quartz veins that are cut by quartz ribbons indicate that brittle and crystal plastic deformation occurred simultaneously or cyclically. By analogy with experimental studies, internal zones of localized shear in the mylonites may represent frictional behavior. These results are discussed within the context of recently developed conceptual continental fault-zone models.
Nonharmonic Oscillations as Caused by Magnetic Saturation

It is shown that the distorted curve shapes of natural oscillations can be rigorously derived from the saturation characteristic of the oscillatory circuit by means of simple integrations. The natu-ral frequency is not constant as under linear conditions, but varies greatly with the amount of saturation. For forced oscillations, a concise dif-ferential equation is given covering all possible cases by only four parameters. The solution can be evaluated for any initial conditions by a straight-forward step-by-step construction. It shows graphically strange curve shapes of flux, current, and voltages, of no regularity with respect to periodic repetition or sym-metrical behavior during the transient state. In the steady state, a rigorous lineariza-tion of the differential equation allows considering the effect of saturation quan-titatively as a distortion of the impressed voltage. The final effect on magnitude and curve shape can be evaluated by repeated superposition of the residual dis-torting voltage. Intense higher har-monics are produced in this way. Consideration of the resistance voltage as actually present in the state of free oscillations shows that natural oscilla-tions can be sustained in true resonance by an impressed voltage of definite magni-tude and curve shape, requiring in series circuits a highly peaked voltage curve. Hence, the saturated circuit can respond to any constituent harmonic of this shape, leading to the forced development of sub-harmonics to the frequency of the supply voltage within certain ranges of its magni-tude. If the ohmic resistance is small a multitude of such subharmonics and all their higher harmonics may develop.
An integrated solution to delay and security support in wireless networks

Wireless networks are accommodating more and more emerging multimedia traffic from entertainment to telephony. However, wireless network standards typically focus on MAC layer and physical layer signaling, leaving crucial end to end delay and security issues to application implementers. Delay and security provisioning issues in such an environment is very challenging. In this paper, we address an integrated solution to end-to-end delay and security, where the middleware adaptation provides tunable delay and security support according to network condition. The test-bed experiments show that the proposed solution successfully adjusts multimedia applications to meet both delay and security requirements in IEEE 802.11-based wireless environment
Nonlinear spectroscopy of a charged GaAs quantum dot ensemble

Time and frequency domain nonlinear spectroscopy measurements on a charged GaAs quantum dot ensemble identify negatively charged excitons. Spectral hole burning suggests not all states are strongly localized.
Hospice and palliative care in nursing homes: challenges and opportunities for enhanced access.

The use of hospice care in nursing homes (NHs) has grown exponentially, but an increasing concern is the lack of access to resident and family-centered palliative care when residents do not elect hospice, and in time periods prior to election. This concern is amplified by the high magnitude of palliative care needs present for NH residents (and their families) when the NH will be their final residence; and, it is amplified because of short hos pice stays, half of which are 22 days or less. This manuscript describes the use of the Medicare hospice care in NHs and discusses the policy, staff and physician barriers to timely hospice referral. It also describes the challenges NHs face in expanding residents’ access to palliative care. Opportunities and approaches for increasing palliative care expertise and practice in NHs are presented.
Big data analytics: a literature review

With more and more data generated, it has become a big challenge for traditional architectures and infrastructures to process large amounts of data within an acceptable time and resources. In order...
R-HCVAD/R-MTX-ARAC is an effective regimen for untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with aggressive features: M. D. Anderson experience in 40 patients

8058 Background: R-HCVAD (rituximab-cyclphosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone, doxorubicin) alternating with R-MTX-ARAC (rituximab, methotrexate-cytarabine) is a chemoimmunotherapy regimen with a...
Ultrastructural Evidence of the Onset of Testicular Pathological Conditions in the Cryptorchid Human Testis within the First Year of Life

Pathological fibrosis of testicular intertubular tissues may be evident in the cryptorchid testis of children 1 year old. A characteristic feature of such testes is massive collagen deposition, which disrupts the regular order of the interstitium, in particular the peritubular layer of cells, by the time the child is 4 years old. These conclusions are based on ultrastructural examination of testicular biopsies collected at orchiopexy from 13 boys with cryptorchidism between 1 and 13 years old. These findings persuade us that orchiopexy should be performed in children about 1 year old and, certainly, no later than 2 years. Otherwise, eventual normal testicular function is highly unlikely.
Musical Bodies: Corporeality, Emergent Subjectivity, and Improvisational Spaces

Interactive improvisational musical spaces (which is to say, nearly all musical spaces) involve affective relations among bodies: between the bodies of human performers, between performers and active listeners, between the sonic "bodies" that comprise the multiple overlapping events that constitute a musical performance’s unfolding. Music scholarship tends to focus on either music’s sonic materialities (the sensible; what can be heard) or the cultural resonances that locate in and through music (the political or hermeneutic; how meaning is inscribed in and for a listening subject). An embodied turn, however, has recently been manifesting, bringing music scholarship into communication with feminist theory, queer theory, and approaches that foreground subjectivity and embodiment. Exemplary in this area are works by Naomi Cumming (who asks a critical question, “does the self form the sound, or the sound the self?;” Cumming 7), Suzanne Cusick, Marion Guck, Fred Maus, and Susan McClary. All of these scholars, in various ways, thematise the performative—what it feels like to make or experience music, and what effect that making or experiencing has on subject-formation. All of these authors strive to foreground the role of the performer and performativity in the context of the extended Western art music tradition. While each makes persuasive, significant points, my contention in this paper is that improvised music is a more fruitful starting place for thinking about embodiment and the co-constitutive relationship between performer and sound. That is, while (nearly) all music is improvised to a greater or lesser degree, the more radical contexts, in which paths are being selected and large-scale shapes drawn in the “heat of the moment,” can bring these issues into stark relief and serve as more productive entry points for thinking through crucial questions of embodiment, perspective, identity, and emergent meaning.
Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and the urokinase receptor (CD87) form a functional unit on monocytic cells

The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and the urokinase receptor (uPAR, CD87) mediate complementary functions in myelomonocytic cells. Both receptors promote degradation of fibrin(ogen) and also confer adhesive properties on cells because Mac-1 and uPAR bind fibrin and vitronectin, respectively. Staining of lung biopsy specimens from patients with acute lung injury indicated that fibrin and vitronectin colocalize at exudative sites in which macrophages bearing these receptors accumulate. Because of the parallel roles and physical proximity of Mac-1 and uPAR, the capacity of these receptors to functionally interact was explored. Induction of Mac-1 and uPAR expression on monocytic cell lines by transforming growth factor- beta 1 and 1.25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 conferred urokinase and uPAR-dependent adhesion to vitronectin, which was further promoted by engagement of Mac-1. Vitronectin attachment promoted subsequent Mac-1-mediated fibrinogen degradation threefold to fourfold. In contrast, enhancement of uPAR occupancy by exogenous urokinase or receptor binding fragments thereof inhibited Mac-1 function. Addition of urokinase progressively inhibited Mac-1-mediated fibrinogen binding and degradation (maximal inhibition, 91% +/- 14% and 72% +/- 15%, respectively). Saturation of uPAR with urokinase also inhibited binding of the procoagulant Mac-1 ligand, Factor X. These inhibitory effects of uPAR were reproduced in fresh monocytes, cultured monocytic cells, and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with both human Mac-1 and human uPAR. These data show that the procoagulant and fibrinolytic potential of monocytic cells is co-ordinately regulated by ligand binding to both Mac-1 and uPAR and identify uPAR as a regulator of integrin function. Vitronectin-enhanced fibrin(ogen) turnover by Mac-1 may operate as a salvage pathway in the setting of urokinase and plasmin inhibitors to promote clearance of the provisional matrix and subsequent healing.
Using “Good and Bad Surprises” to Guide Improvement Efforts: Insights from a Memory Assessment Clinic

Article-at-a-Glance Background Continuous quality improvement requires an understanding of customer expectations, yet often little is known about what patients and their families expect from specialized diagnostic services. A project was conducted in 2000 at two memory assessment clinics affiliated with the University of Kentucky's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) to use open-ended "good and bad surprises" to learn what families expect from a memory assessment clinic and to demonstrate how "surprises" might be used to identify customer expectations. Methods A satisfaction survey was sent to persons who had had a role in the decision to seek a memory assessment for a family member within the previous 4 years. The responses to an open-ended question, which formed the basis for this study, were coded for process and outcome expectations. Results Of the 528 (71.7% response rate) surveys returned, 390 (73.8%) included a response to the open-ended question designed to elicit good and bad surprises. Approximately one-half of the respondents had accompanied a parent and one-half of the respondents had accompanied a spouse to the memory assessment clinics. The diagnosis received and the provision of information caused the most surprises. Provision of information contributed to both good and bad surprises. Emotional support, provider attitudes, treatment availability, and the quality of the exam were additional causes of good surprises. The diagnosis received and family reactions caused bad surprises. The majority of the good surprises related to process expectations, and the majority of the bad surprises related to outcome expectations. Discussion By eliciting information about good and bad surprises, organizations can identify their customers' expectations and identify areas for improvements. Assessment clinics should undertake improvement efforts designed to prepare customers for the diagnosis received and provide their customers with tailored information.
Defining patient advocacy in the post-quality chasm era.

atient advocacy is a concept that generally refers to efforts to support patients and their interests within the context of the health care system. As discussed in the issue brief that introduces this issue of the North Carolina Medical Journal, amore specific or applied definition of patient advocacy is difficult to articulate, in part because the term has been used inmany different ways. For example, the role of advocate is often ascribed to certain professions, especially the “helping professions” of nursing and social work. Others associate patient advocacy with particular kinds of care, such as mental health or palliative care, inwhich vulnerablepatients’ autonomy maybe in jeopardy.Athirduseof patient advocacy is todenote the work of policymakers, legal professionals, and activists who work to improve health care for people marginalized by socially stigmatizing diseases such as HIV. Given the variety of contexts in which the concept is used, research can help us better explicate patient advocacy, a task necessary for advancing both scholarly and applied efforts to improve health care quality. Our research goal was to explore the concept of patient advocacy as defined by those known as leaders in advocacy practice. Specifically, wewished to gain a better understanding of the personal and professional roles associated with patient advocacy as well as its primary goals, methods, rewards, and challenges. Toward this end, we surveyed a national sample of leaders in patient advocacy practice in 2005, using a confidential, online questionnaire known as the University of North Carolina Patient Advocacy Survey.
Modulating Molecular Chaperones Improves Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Decreases the Inflammatory Transcriptome in Diabetic Sensory Neurons

We have previously demonstrated that modulating molecular chaperones with KU-32, a novobiocin derivative, ameliorates physiologic and bioenergetic deficits of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Replacing the coumarin core of KU-32 with a meta-fluorinated biphenyl ring system created KU-596, a novobiocin analogue (novologue) that showed neuroprotective activity in a cell-based assay. The current study sought to determine whether KU-596 offers similar therapeutic potential for treating DPN. Administration of 2-20 mg/kg of KU-596 improved diabetes induced hypoalgesia and sensory neuron bioenergetic deficits in a dose-dependent manner. However, the drug could not improve these neuropathic deficits in diabetic heat shock protein 70 knockout (Hsp70 KO) mice. To gain further insight into the mechanisms by which KU-596 improved DPN, we performed transcriptomic analysis of sensory neuron RNA obtained from diabetic wild-type and Hsp70 KO mice using RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that diabetes strongly increased inflammatory pathways and that KU-596 therapy effectively reversed these increases independent of Hsp70. In contrast, the effects of KU-596 on decreasing the expression of genes regulating the production of reactive oxygen species were more Hsp70-dependent. These data indicate that modulation of molecular chaperones by novologue therapy offers an effective approach toward correcting nerve dysfunction in DPN but that normalization of inflammatory pathways alone by novologue therapy seems to be insufficient to reverse sensory deficits associated with insensate DPN.
A Survey on Rotation Optimization in Structure from Motion

We consider the problem of robust rotation optimization in Structure from Motion applications. A number of different approaches have been recently proposed, with solutions that are at times incompatible, and at times complementary. The goal of this paper is to survey and compare these ideas in a unified manner, and to benchmark their robustness against the presence of outliers. In all, we have tested more than forty variants of a these methods (including novel ones), and we find the best performing combination.
Detection of Variable Retention Time in DRAM

This thesis investigates a test method to detect the presence of Variable Retention Time (VRT) bits in manufactured DRAM. The VRT bits retention time is modeled as a 2-state random telegraph process that includes miscorrelation between test and use. The VRT defect is particularly sensitive to test and use conditions. A new test method is proposed to screen the VRT bits by simulating the use conditions during manufacturing test. Evaluation of the proposed test method required a bit-level VRT model to be parameterized as a function of temperature and voltage conditions. The complete 2-state VRT bit model combines models for the time-in-state and for the retention-time including miscorrelation. A copula is used to model the eect of miscorrelation between test and use. The proposed VRT test algorithm runtime is estimated as a function of VRT test coverage, test temperature and test voltage.
Abstract 1671: Local release of combretastatin A-4 from NIR-light activatable prodrugs overcomes areal and temporal limitations of photodynamic therapy

A unique prodrug strategy for treating localized cancers, in which NIR light-illuminated prodrug effectively ablates tumors through the combined effects of photodynamic therapy (i.e., singlet oxygen [SO]) and locally released anticancer drugs has been proposed. Due to short distance of action ( Citation Format: Pallavi Rajaputra, Moses Bio, Gregory Nkepang, Pritam Thapa, Sukyung Woo, Youngjae You. Local release of combretastatin A-4 from NIR-light activatable prodrugs overcomes areal and temporal limitations of photodynamic therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1671.
On the Effectiveness of a Collaborative Virtual Pair-Programming Environment

In this paper, we assess the effectiveness of an extension of Alice, named AliCe-VilLagE, which allows two students to work on the same project, with synchronous communication mechanisms and shared view of the same virtual working environment. The virtual environment supports multi-modal interactions among students (e.g., video, instant messaging). AliCe-ViLlagE collects statistics about each team members contributions, allowing for evaluation of the effectiveness of the collaborative environment, and supporting teacher’s assessment of the team work. The paper describes the first formal evaluation of the AliCe-ViLlagE platform with a group of undergraduate students. The results show impressive results in terms of number of interactions between the students, enabled by the AliCe-ViLlagE framework, levels of satisfaction of the students, and completion time.
Cold atmospheric plasma jet in an axial DC electric field

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet is currently intensively investigated as a tool for new and potentially transformative cancer treatment modality. However, there are still many unknowns about the jet behavior that requires attention. In this paper, a helium CAP jet is tested in an electrostatic field generated by a copper ring. Using Rayleigh microwave scattering method, some delays of the electron density peaks for different ring potentials are observed. Meanwhile, a similar phenomenon associated with the bullet velocity is found. Chemical species distribution along the jet is analyzed based on the jet optical emission spectra. The spectra indicate that a lower ring potential, i.e., lower DC background electric field, can increase the amount of excited N2, N2+, He, and O in the region before the ring, but can decrease the amount of excited NO and HO almost along the entire jet. Combining all the results above, we discovered that an extra DC potential mainly affects the temporal plasma jet properties. Al...
Social and Institutional Power Structures Meet Duoethnography: The Pedagogy of Negotiating Roles, Dismantling Santa, and “Tilting” bitch

In this chapter, we employ a screenplay format to duoethnographically explore the currere (Pinar, W. (1975). Currere: Toward reconceptualization. In W. F. Pinar (Ed.), Curriculum theorizing: The reconceptualists (pp. 396–414). Berkely, CA: McCutchan; Pinar, W. (1995). The method of Currere (1975). In W. F. Pinar (Ed.), Autobiography, politics and sexuality: Essays in curriculum theory 1972–1992 (pp. 19–27). New York: Peter Lang.) of our student/professor relationship, tracing and restorying our experiences of navigating power dynamics as our institutional and social relationships changed over time. As we performatively write this piece, we invite readers to join us as we reposition ourselves back into our stories in order to pedagogically “disrupt our perceptions of our lives (or gain a greater awareness of them)” (Sawyer, R. D., & Norris, J. (2013). Duoethnography: Understanding qualitative research. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 297).
Modular Application of Moving-Belt Plasma-Facing Components for Particle and Heat Removal from a Steady-State Fusion System

Discussed in this report is the possibility of modular application of moving-belt plasma-facing components for a steady-state magnetic fusion device. Individual modules will provide specific functi...
Multiple access capacity in multipath channels of delay-hopped transmitted-reference UWB

The multiple access capacity of delay-hopped transmitted-reference (DHTR) ultra-wideband radio [R.T. Hoctor et al., May 2002, N. Vanstralen et al., May 2002] is investigated through analysis and simulation. The factor that limits the multiple access capacity of DHTR is the degree of multipath in the transmission channel.
Capacity analysis of MIMO systems with unknown channel state information

We consider a mobile wireless communication system composed of M transmit and N receive antennas operating in a fading environment. Assuming channel state information is unavailable to the transmitter and the receiver, a capacity upper bound of the unknown MIMO channel under the assumption of restricted input distributions is provided. By analyzing the proposed capacity upper bounds, we reinforce the advantages of using an orthogonal pilot structure which minimizes the mean square estimation error, in that it also maximizes the capacity upper bounds. Interestingly, the capacity upper bound is shown to be a monotonically decreasing function with respect to the number of pilot symbols, T/sub /spl tau//. Numerical evaluations of the capacity upper bound further demonstrate that the capacity gain is insignificant when T/sub /spl tau// decreases below M, suggesting an optimum training duration of M time slots.
Functional Topography of the Human Cerebellum

Cerebellar functions are topographically arranged, enabling cerebellar modulation of vestibular, sensorimotor, and cognitive/limbic domains via cerebrocerebellar circuits. The primary sensorimotor cerebellum linked with cerebral sensorimotor areas is in the anterior lobe – lobules II through V, and adjacent parts of lobule VI; the secondary sensorimotor representation is in lobule VIII. Leg and foot are represented in lobules II, III and VIII; hand in lobules IV, V and VIII; and orofacial movements in paravermal lobules V and VI. The cognitive cerebellum in the posterior lobe is interconnected with association and paralimbic cerebral cortices, and includes lobules VI, VIIA at the vermis, Crus I and II in the hemispheres, and lobule VIIB. Executive function and working memory paradigms engage lobules VI and VII, language recruits the right posterolateral cerebellum, and visual-spatial tasks the left. Lobule IX is coupled with the default mode network. The limbic cerebellum in the posterior vermis regulates affective/emotional processing and autonomic functions. Consistent with this topography, the cerebellar motor syndrome follows damage to cerebellar sensorimotor regions; the cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome from damage to the cognitive-limbic cerebellum; and vestibular symptoms from damage to the vestibulocerebellum. These syndromes may coexist, or occur in isolation following circumscribed lesions.
Reanalysis: Are coups good for democracy?

Several recent studies find that coups in autocracy raise the ensuing likelihood of democratization. In a recent critique (“Are coups good for democracy?”), Derpanopoulos et al. dispute this link. This paper shows that their modeling approach, which includes fixed effects for each autocratic regime spell, suffers from severe bias. A reanalysis that applies similar models to the data without this bias recovers significant effects of coups and coup attempts on democratization, although only during the post-Cold War era.
JIT Implementation — The Proven Path

The way in which we implement steps 1 to 5 will be reflected in the results that we obtain from the JIT implementation. The questions usually asked after examining steps 1 to 5 are ‘O.K., these are the procedures, but how should we implement them?’ ‘How long should the implementation take?’ ‘What should be done to help implementation?’.