cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment: Measuring the effects of growth controls

Recently in this journal, Schwartz and Zorn [1988] published the results of a study analyzing the impact of growth controls in and near Davis, California. The study contributed to a growing body of literature analyzing the economic and social impacts of growth controls [Brower et al., 1989]. The methods used in previous growth-control studies vary. Thus, Schwartz and Zorn's focus on methodology is both timely and potentially valuable. In brief, Schwartz and Zorn critique previously used methods and suggest preferred methods, which they term "pretest-post-test, quasiexperimental-statistical designs." Pretestposttest, quasiexperimental-statistical designs require time-series data from growth-control and "nonrandomly selected comparison cities." Although the design preferred by Schwartz and Zorn may have been appropriate for their purposes, they suggest that previous studies of growth controls, which used alternative designs, proceeded "without considering the research-design aspects of the task." By implication, they suggest that future studies should use designs similar to theirs. If taken seriously, this suggestion ill serves the field of policy analysis in general and the study of the effects of growth controls in particular. Contrary to the assertions of Schwartz and Zorn, the understanding of growth controls and their impacts has benefitted greatly by the variety of locations, data, and methodologies used in growth-control studies [e.g., see Fischel, 1989]. The dictatorial tone of Schwartz and Zorn's paper, based on the results of one study, is not uncommon in economics, perhaps because empirical work in economics often involves testing broad, well-specified formal theory (that has been successfully used in many previous studies) on naturally occurring behavior. Psychologists have fairly well specified theories to test but often do so in laboratory settings that they know may be artificial; they naturally seek confirmation from a variety of tests and testing conditions. Sociologists and political scientists do not have, for the most part, well-specified formal theories to test; they are therefore more modest about the results of any one study and naturally seek confirmation in diverse ways. It is therefore common for
A new type of ant-decapitation in the Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera).

The genus Dohrniphora is a hyperdiverse group of phorid flies, a family whose species are commonly characterized as generalized scavengers. The lifestyle of most species of Dohrniphora is unknown, although one cosmopolitan, synanthropic species, D. cornuta (Bigot) fits the general scavenger mold. Here we show that flies of the D. longirostrata species group exhibit highly specific “headhunting” behavior in which injured Odontomachus ants are decapitated, the heads dragged away, and females either feed on their contents or lay an egg nearby. Since most females studied lacked eggs in their ovaries, we conclude that this bizarrely specialized feeding is necessary to provide nutrients for reproduction in these flies. Our study provides further evidence that injured ants are a common, stable resource in tropical ecosystems that support a wide array of phorid flies. Such narrowly constrained lifestyles, as exemplified by exclusively feeding on and breeding in the head contents of certain ponerine worker ants, could allow the co-existence of a huge community of saprophagous flies.
Comparative-Historical Methodology

The last decade featured the emergence of a significant and growing literature concerning comparative-historical methods. This literature offers methodological tools for causal and descriptive inference that go beyond the techniques currently available in mainstream statistical analysis. In terms of causal inference, new procedures exist for testing hypotheses about necessary and sufficient causes, and these procedures address the skepticism that mainstream methodologists may hold about necessary and sufficient causation. Likewise, new techniques are available for analyzing hypotheses that refer to complex temporal processes, including path-dependent sequences. In the area of descriptive inference, the comparative-historical literature offers important tools for concept analysis and for achieving measurement validity. Given these contributions, comparative-historical methods merit a central place within the general field of social science methodology.
Stenting for Benign and Malignant Esophageal Disorders

Stent placement within the esophagus has been performed for over a century for the palliation of malignant dysphagia as well as for treating refractory benign esophageal strictures. Originally fashioned from sandalwood and ivory, stents are now designed from a variety of metal alloys, stainless steel as well as polyester. This review will highlight the indications, contraindications, complications as well as the outcomes following esophageal stent placement for benign and malignant disorders of the esophagus.
Home Safety and Low-Income Urban Housing Quality

guidance. abstract Living in substandard housing may be one factor that increases the risk of fire and burn injuries in low-income urban envi- ronments. The purposes of this study are to (1) describe the fre- quency and characteristics of substandard housing in urban homes with young children and (2) explore the hypothesis that better housing quality is associated with a greater likelihood of having working smoke alarms and safe hot water temperatures.
Improving immunization delivery using an electronic health record: the ImmProve project.

Abstract Objective Though an essential pediatric preventive service, immunizations are challenging to deliver reliably. Our objective was to measure the impact on pediatric immunization rates of providing clinicians with electronic health record–derived immunization prompting. Methods Operating in a large, urban, hospital-based pediatric primary care clinic, we evaluated 2 interventions to improve immunization delivery to children ages 2, 6, and 13 years: point-of-care, patient-specific electronic clinical decision support (CDS) when children overdue for immunizations presented for care, and provider-specific bulletins listing children overdue for immunizations. Results Overall, the proportion of children up to date for a composite of recommended immunizations at ages 2, 6, and 13 years was not different in the intervention (CDS active) and historical control (CDS not active) periods; historical immunization rates were high. The proportion of children receiving 2 doses of hepatitis A immunization before their second birthday was significantly improved during the intervention period. Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization delivery was low during both control and intervention periods and was unchanged for 13-year-olds. For 14-year-olds, however, 4 of the 5 highest quarterly rates of complete HPV immunization occurred in the final year of the intervention. Provider-specific bulletins listing children overdue for immunizations increased the likelihood of identified children receiving catch-up hepatitis A immunizations (hazard ratio 1.32; 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.56); results for HPV and the composite of recommended immunizations were of a similar magnitude but not statistically significant. Conclusions In our patient population, with high baseline uptake of recommended immunizations, electronic health record–derived immunization prompting had a limited effect on immunization delivery. Benefit was more clearly demonstrated for newer immunizations with lower baseline uptake.
Experience-dependent visual cue recalibration based on discrepancies between visual and haptic percepts.

Abstract We studied the hypothesis that observers can recalibrate their visual percepts when visual and haptic (touch) cues are discordant and the haptic information is judged to be reliable. Using a novel visuo-haptic virtual reality environment, we conducted a set of experiments in which subjects interacted with scenes consisting of two fronto-parallel surfaces. Subjects judged the distance between the two surfaces based on two perceptual cues: a visual stereo cue obtained when viewing the scene binocularly and a haptic cue obtained when subjects grasped the two surfaces between their thumb and index fingers. Visual and haptic cues regarding the scene were manipulated independently so that they could either be consistent or inconsistent. Experiment 1 explored the effect of visuo-haptic inconsistencies on depth-from-stereo estimates. Our findings suggest that when stereo and haptic cues are inconsistent, subjects recalibrate their interpretations of the visual stereo cue so that depth-from-stereo percepts are in greater agreement with depth-from-haptic percepts. In Experiment 2 the visuo-haptic discrepancy took a different form when the two surfaces were near the subject than when they were far from the subject. The results indicate that subjects recalibrated their interpretations of the stereo cue in a context-sensitive manner that depended on viewing distance, thereby making them more consistent with depth-from-haptic estimates at all viewing distances. Together these findings suggest that observers’ visual and haptic percepts are tightly coupled in the sense that haptic percepts provide a standard to which visual percepts can be recalibrated when the visual percepts are deemed to be erroneous.
Defective lysosomal arginine transport in juvenile Batten disease

Mutations in the CLN3 gene, which encodes a lysosomal membrane protein, are responsible for the neurodegenerative disorder juvenile Batten disease. A previous study on the yeast homolog to CLN3, designated Btn1p, revealed a potential role for CLN3 in the transport of arginine into the yeast vacuole, the equivalent organelle to the mammalian lysosome. Lysosomes isolated from lymphoblast cell lines, established from individuals with juvenile Batten disease-bearing mutations in CLN3, but not age-matched controls, demonstrate defective transport of arginine. Furthermore, we show that there is a depletion of arginine in cells derived from individuals with juvenile Batten disease. We have, therefore, characterized lysosomal arginine transport in normal lysosomes and show that it is ATP-, v-ATPase- and cationic-dependent. This and previous studies have shown that both arginine and lysine are transported by the same transport system, designated system c. However, we report that lysosomes isolated from juvenile Batten disease lymphoblasts are only defective for arginine transport. These results suggest that the CLN3 defect in juvenile Batten disease may affect how intracellular levels of arginine are regulated or distributed throughout the cell. This assertion is supported by two other experimental approaches. First, an antibody to CLN3 can block lysosomal arginine transport and second, expression of CLN3 in JNCL cells using a lentiviral vector can restore lysosomal arginine transport. CLN3 may have a role in regulating intracellular levels of arginine possibly through control of the transport of this amino acid into lysosomes.
Helping foster and adopted children to grieve the loss of birthparents: A case study example

Working with children and adolescents in the foster care system whose biological parents’ parental rights have been, or are soon to be, terminated can present numerous challenges for counselors. Children in these situations often struggle with identification of conflicting feelings, grief resulting from the absence of the parent/parents, and reorientation to life in a new family. In this article, a case from the author’s clinical experience is presented and related to the stages of grief suggested by Kubler-Ross and to Worden’s tasks of mourning. Practical applications and interventions are considered.
Improving the Capstone project experience: a case study in software engineering

During the fall 2007 academic semester, nine students, including myself, were enrolled in the Capstone Software Engineering Project course (CSCE 492) under the instruction of Dr. John B. Bowles at the University of South Carolina. This paper describes the software engineering process as experienced by one team of students enrolled in the course, examines the strengths and weaknesses of the course's implementation of the process through the use of team member surveys, and finally suggests ways in which the course may be improved. Potential benefits of proposed changes include providing a more complete software engineering experience to students and the strengthening of local industry, the university, and its home city of Columbia, South Carolina.
High rate shear strain of three-dimensional neural cell cultures: a new in vitro traumatic brain injury model.

The fidelity of cell culture simulations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that yield tolerance and mechanistic information relies on both the cellular models and mechanical insult parameters.We have designed and characterized an electro-mechanical cell shearing device in order to produce a controlled high strain rate injury (up to 0.50 strain, 30 s � 1 strain rate) that deforms three-dimensional (3-D) neural cultures (neurons or astrocytes in an extracellular matrix scaffold).Theoretical analysis revealed that these parameters generate a heterogeneous 3-D strain field throughout the cultures that is dependent on initial cell orientation within the matrix, resulting in various combinations of normal and shear strain.The ability to create a linear shear strain field over a range of input parameters was verified by tracking fluorescent microbeads in an acellular matrix during maximal displacement for a range of strains and strain rates.In addition, cell death was demonstrated in rat cortical astrocytes and neurons in response to high rate, high magnitude shear strain.Furthermore, cell response within the 3-D neuronal cultures depended on orientation, with higher predicted shear strain correlating with an increased loss of neurites, indicating that culture configuration may be an important factor in the mechanical, and hence cellular, response to traumatic insults.Collectively, these results suggest that differential responses exist within a 3-D culture subjected to mechanical insult, perhaps mimicking the in vivo environment, and that this new model can be used to investigate the complex cellular mechanisms associated with TBI. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.
Improved Electrochemistry in Low-Polarity Media Using Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate Salts as Supporting Electrolytes.

Das nichtkoordinierende Anion [B(C6F5)4]− macht Kationen und Polykationen loslich und ermoglicht so die Bildung und Untersuchung solcher Systeme in Medien mit niedriger Dielektrizitatskonstante. Mit [NBu4][B(C6F5)4] als Leitsalz konnen cyclovoltammetrische Messungen in aliphatischen Ethern und anderen Losungsmitteln sehr niedriger Polaritat durchgefuhrt werden.
Regulating the High: Cognitive and Neural Processes Underlying Positive Emotion Regulation in Bipolar I Disorder

Although it is well established that bipolar I disorder (BD) is characterized by excessive positive emotionality, the cognitive and neural processes that underlie such responses are unclear. We addressed this issue by examining the role that an emotion regulatory process called self-distancing plays in two potentially different BD phenotypes—BD with versus without a history of psychosis—and healthy individuals. Participants reflected on a positive autobiographical memory and then rated their level of spontaneous self-distancing. Neurophysiological activity was continuously monitored using electroencephalogram. As predicted, participants with BD who have a history of psychosis spontaneously self- distanced less and displayed stronger neurophysiological signs of positive emotional reactivity compared with the other two groups. These findings shed light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying excessive positive emotionality in BD. They also suggest that individuals with BD who have a history of psychosis may represent a distinct clinical phenotype characterized by dysfunctional emotion regulation.
Review: The search for Lps: 1993—1998

For the sake of coherence, this account is written chiefly in the person of the first author, though it represents the joint recollection of both authors, who were party to the cloning of Lps. Nume...
Skin integrity in the pediatric population: preventing and managing pressure ulcers.

purpose. To summarize clinical and empirical knowledge about pressure ulcers in infants and children and to describe an approach developed at Children's Hospital, Boston, to prevent and manage pressure ulcers population. Acutely ill children with potential or actual alteration in skin integrity due to pressure ulcers conclusions. The three-pronged approach for pressure ulcer prevention and management developed by the Skin Care Task Force at the Children's Hospital, Boston, decreases unnecessary variation in practice surrounding the prevention and care of pressure ulcers in acutely ill children. practice implications. The Skin Care Task Force recommends use of the Braden Q for pediatric risk assessment, a skin care algorithm for prevention of pressure ulcers, and a pressure ulcer algorithm for staging and managing pressure ulcers.
The multiply-detected macrodiversity scheme for wireless cellular systems

The multiply-detected macrodiversity (MDM) scheme is proposed for wireless cellular systems. As opposed to the traditional macrodiversity schemes, in which at any time a signal from only one base station is selected, in the MDM scheme there is no selection, but all the received signals are detected, and a maximum-likelihood decision algorithm is employed to maximize the probability of correct decision. We study the performance of the MDM scheme and compare it with the performance of the traditional selection-based macrodiversity schemes. Depending on the propagation parameters, our results show that through the use of the MDM scheme, significant improvement in the bit-error rate (BER) can be achieved. For instance, if the outage probability is defined as BER above 10/sup -4/ the outage is eliminated at least 45% of the time as compared with signal-to-interference (S/I) diversity, for a propagation attenuation exponent of 4.0 and shadowing standard deviation of 4.0 dB. Furthermore, as compared with the (S/I) diversity, the MDM scheme reduces, on the average, the BER at least two orders of magnitude throughout more than 60% of the cell area for a propagation attenuation exponent of 3.5, shadowing standard deviation of 4.0 dB and system loading of less than 50%.
Moda Operandi: A New Style of Fashion Retail

Moda Operandi is a startup in the fashion industry. The firm organizes online trunk shows of designers' collections, allowing its members to directly order clothes from the collections shown in Fashion Weeks all over the world. Moda Operandi conveys the preorders to the designers and the members receive their clothes six months later. The founders of Moda Operandi - Aslaug Magnusdottir and Lauren Santo Domingo - believe that the firm has the potential to address and eliminate inefficiencies in the fashion industry. While the founders plan to include editorial content on the site, the question is - can Moda Operandi succeed despite removing an essential piece of the fashion industry?The case is useful for teaching students the structure of creative industries - especially fashion - and the issues to consider when attempting disruptive innovation and entrepreneurship in these industries.
Nanoscale phase separation in DSPC-cholesterol systems.

The lipid arrangement of eukaryotic cell membranes has been shown to be heterogeneous, with domains enriched in cholesterol and saturated phospholipids, coexisting with a continuous phase that is enriched in unsaturated phospholipids. While the existence of these domains is well-established, there is still a lack of consensus regarding domain size and the factors influencing it. In this work, we investigate model membranes consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)–1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)–cholesterol (Chol) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC, 18:1–16:0)–DSPC–Chol with a steady-state fluorescence assay and report the influence of phospholipid chain saturation and chain length on domain size. The spectral shifts of 1-myristoyl-2-[12-[(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl)amino]dodecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DAN-PC) and a Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay were used, along with an analytical model, to estimate domain ...
The Genetic Control of Conidial Morphology and Arrangement in Cochliobolus Carbonum

(1966). The Genetic Control of Conidial Morphology and Arrangement in Cochliobolus Carbonum. Mycologia: Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 208-214.
Prediction of Direct-Fire Munition Trajectories Using an Analytical Approach

*† ‡ An analysis of the velocity-time-range equations for direct-fire munitions has been performed. The analysis characterizes these munitions in terms of three parameters; muzzle velocity, muzzle retardation (or velocity fall-off) and a single parameter defining the shape of the drag curve. Using firing tables drag data for a variety of munitions, the expected range of values of the single parameter defining the shape of the drag curve in the supersonic flight regime has been determined. From the simplified analysis, many important flight characteristics can be determined. These include the velocity-time-range relationships, change in impact velocity due to change in muzzle velocity, gravity drop, change in impact location due to muzzle velocity and muzzle retardation variability and cross wind deflection. The analysis shows that the muzzle velocity and muzzle retardation are the dominant terms defining these relationships. The shape of the drag curve is shown to be a higher-order effect which in some cases can be neglected. To validate these relationships, comparisons are made with numerical trajectory predictions for fielded direct-fire munitions using the measured drag data.
Comparing the Politics of Hydraulic Fracturing in New York, Colorado, and Texas

The purpose of this article is to analyze perceptions and activities of policy actors, who are actively involved in or knowledgeable about the politics of hydraulic fracturing in New York, Colorado, and Texas. The analysis is guided by research questions drawn from the Advocacy Coalition Framework that focus on policy actors’ policy positions, problem perceptions, political capacity, activities, and interactions. In doing so, we examine the differences between those policy actors who are opposed to hydraulic fracturing relative to those who support hydraulic fracturing across the three states using data from online surveys administered in 2013 and 2014. The results show polarization between opponents and proponents in their policy positions on hydraulic fracturing, which are associated with problem perceptions. Proponents and opponents of hydraulic fracturing also have different capacities, activities, and interactions. The results are similar across states but not without nuanced differences, including greater polarization in New York, higher levels of government support for proponents of hydraulic fracturing in Texas, and more frequent coalition building in Colorado.
Differentiation of adipose tissue and muscle in hypophysectomized pig fetuses

In the present study, fetuses were hypophysectomized (hypox) in utero on d 72 to 74 of gestation with an electrical cauterizing needle. One to six successfully hypox fetuses were removed on d 110 of gestation from each of five gilts. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and semitendinosus muscles were obtained from the hypox fetuses and an equal number of control fetuses. Body weights of control fetuses (n = 15; mean +/- SE, 1,195 +/- 33 g) were similar to weights of hypox fetuses (n = 15; 1,179 +/- 67 g). Fat cell size in the middle subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue was increased in hypox fetuses (P less than .01) compared with control fetuses. The number of obvious fat cell clusters (outer layer) in lipid stained sections was reduced (P less than .01) by 50% in hypox fetuses. Histochemical reactions for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, esterase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities in middle layer cell clusters were considerably enhanced in sections from hypox fetuses compared with sections from controls. Quantitative analysis of percent light transmittance (Zeiss photometer) through LPL-stained cell clusters indicated an increase (P less than .001) in LPL staining in sections from hypox fetuses when compared with sections from control fetuses. Transverse muscle sections (cryostat) from hypox fetuses failed to show normal patterns (as seen in control muscles) of reactions for acid ATPase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD-dependent), NADH-TR and alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (without NAD). The number of muscle fibers that were stained for these enzymes was greatly reduced in hypox fetuses compared with control fetuses. The number of lipid positive fibers was also reduced in hypox fetuses compared with control fetuses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Shoulder Injuries in the Young Tennis Athlete

As a truly global sport, tennis is played by tens of millions worldwide, both for fun and competitively at all age levels. As a result, many young tennis players are playing at high levels and tennis-specific training often begins at an early age. Tennis is a stressful game to the shoulder. It requires multiple repetitions of large ranges of motions and high forces during all strokes. Because of the repetitive nature of the sport, the shoulder is often injured through overuse, especially in competitive, elite tennis athletes. Early preventative measures can be taken in young tennis players to avoid specific injuries related to the sport. And early identification of injuries can allow for proper management and rehabilitation to give athletes the chance to not only continue playing but to do so at a high level.
In the World of Persons: The Personhood Debate in the Analects and Zhuangzi

This article is an examination of a debate between Confucians and Zhuangists surrounding the notion of moral personhood as understood in the early Confucian tradition. This debate takes place across texts—most importantly in the Confucian challenge of Analects 18.5-7 and the Zhuangist response of the Renjianshi chapter of the Zhuangzi. In better understanding the disagreement between these two schools, we can come to a clearer picture of the notion of personhood at stake. The Zhuangist reaction to the Confucian position on personhood helps to demonstrate that the Confucians held a conception of the person as communally constructed. Such a view, I argue, can be of great use in contemporary debates surrounding agency, moral responsibility, and moral development. After offering an outline of the Confucian position, I consider various Zhuangist objections both in the Analects and Renjianshi chapter, before considering what I take to be convincing Confucian responses to the Zhuangist objections.
The Civil War Years in Utah: The Kingdom of God and the Territory that Did Not Fight. By John Gary Maxwell

The Civil War Years in Utah: The Kingdom of God and the Territory that Did Not Fight. By John Gary Maxwell. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016. xviii + 470 pp. Illustrations, tables, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95). By any measure, the 1860s were a “complicated, divisive, conflict-laden history” (p. xvii), in Utah Territory no less than the rest of the country. There the war years were an impossible time characterized by immoveable objects and irresistible forces, interactions fueled by suspicion, insecurity, purple rhetoric, and barely disguised ambition on every side. By assembling a broader and more careful grasp of fact the author seeks to correct faith-promoting omissions in the way that the period is remembered and has been told. “No longer,” the author begins the book, “can accusations of Saints’ disloyalty be … rsaunders{at}suu.edu
Pulmonary hypertension: evolution of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

On May 16 th , 2016, Nick H. Kim, MD [University of California San Diego (UCSD), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine] delivered his keynote presentation outlining the current state of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). As the title underscores, the lecture is not simply an outline of current therapeutic strategies but is instead a blueprint detailing the historical foundation of the field, ongoing changes in clinical practice and future directions for advancement.
Teaching Marketing in an Integrated Management Curriculum

This paper describes the development and implementation of a radically new integrated program for teaching undergraduate business majors. In particular, it focuses on the role of marketing within the integrated whole.
The Teaching of Arithmetic: The Story of an Experiment

This is the third and final instalment of an article by Superintendent L. P. Benezet, in which he describes an experiment in arithmetic in the Manchester, New Hampshire, schools. The first installments [November 1935, p. 241−4 and December 1935, p. 301−3] have aroused many favorable comments. William McAndrew calls the material "powerful good reading, a scientific article free of the common dullness of such." Helen Ives Schermerhorn, of New Jersey, writes that upon returning to teach in junior high school after many years in the adult education field, she "was appalled at the changes which had taken place, the great number of new activities which had developed, each good in itself, but nevertheless cluttering up the time of the children. The weakness in English seemed inexcusable; too little time had been given to its mastery. I hope great things from the influences of Mr. Benezet's article. A letter from C. E. Birch, superintendent of schools, Lawrence, Kansas, indicates that the Lawrence schools have been revising the arithmetic program for the past two years. Mr. Birch has recommended the discussion in faculty meetings of the Benezet articles and their possible application in the light of the local situation.
Variability of ischiofemoral space dimensions with changes in hip flexion: an MRI study

The primary aim of this study was to determine if ischiofemoral space (IFS) dimensions vary with changes in hip flexion as a result of placing a bolster behind the knees during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A secondary aim was to determine if IFS dimensions vary between supine and prone hip neutral positions. The study employed a prospective design. Sports medicine center within a tertiary care institution. Five male and five female adult subjects (age mean = 29.2, range = 23–35; body mass index [BMI] mean = 23.5, range = 19.5–26.6) were recruited to participate in the study. An axial, T1-weighted MRI sequence of the pelvis was obtained of each subject in a supine position with their hips in neutral and flexed positions, and in a prone position with their hips in neutral position. Supine hip flexion was induced by placing a standard, 9-cm-diameter MRI knee bolster under the subject’s knees. The order of image acquisition (supine hip neutral, supine hip flexed, prone hip neutral) was randomized. The IFS dimensions were then measured on a separate workstation. The investigator performing the IFS measurements was blinded to the subject position for each image. The main outcome measurements were the IFS dimensions acquired with MRI. The mean IFS dimensions in the prone position were 28.25 mm (SD 5.91 mm, standard error mean 1.32 mm). In the supine hip neutral position, the IFS dimensions were 25.1 (SD 5.6) mm. The mean difference between the two positions of 3.15 (3.6) mm was statistically significant (95 % CI of the difference = 1.4 to 4.8 mm, t19 = 3.911, p = .001). The mean IFS dimensions in the hip flexed position were 36.9 (SD 5.7) mm. The mean difference between the two supine positions of 11.8 (4.1) mm was statistically significant (95 % CI of the difference = 9.9 to 13.7 mm, t19 = 12.716, p < .001). Our findings demonstrate that the IFS measurements obtained with MRI are dependent upon patient positioning with respect to hip flexion and supine versus prone positions. This finding has implications when evaluating for ischiofemoral impingement, an entity resulting in hip and/or buttock pain secondary to impingement of the quadratus femoris muscle within a pathologically narrowed IFS. One will need to account for patient hip flexion and supine versus prone positioning when evaluating individuals with suspected ischiofemoral impingement.
The Impact of Personality Change on Health Among a Diverse Sample of Older Americans: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study

Research analyzing racial/ethnic variation in personality from a population-level is limited, yet serves as an important component in researchers’ understanding of the links between psychosocial well-being and health outcomes. Using the 2006 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, this study examines racial/ethnic variation in the reports of personality, as measured by the Big Five personality model, in a sample of whites, blacks and Hispanics, ages 50 and older. This study also evaluates changes in the mean score of personality traits by race/ethnicity between 2006 and 2010. T-tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Personality at the trait level and the change in the mean score of personality are used as predictors of hypertension in 2010. Results show that variation exists on mean personality scores, with Hispanics having higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on openness to experience. Whites score higher on conscientiousness than both blacks and Hispanics. Small mean changes are evident in the sample, with extraversion showing a slight decline over time in all groups. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness are associated with the prevalence and management of hypertension. Blacks have higher rates of prevalence, yet lower rates of undiagnosed hypertension, a finding which remains significant after accounting for socio-demographic and personality related characteristics.
The Deanna protocol supplement complex supports mitochondrial energy metabolism and prolongs lifespan in preclinical models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons causing progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventual death from respiratory failure. There is currently no cure or effective treatment for ALS. The Deanna protocol (DP) is a comprehensive treatment approach that includes a metabolic therapy in the form of a supplement complex that improved neurological function, increased motor function and survival in SOD1-G93A mice and has been reported to alleviate symptoms in patients with ALS; therefore, it has been proposed as a treatment for the disease. We hypothesized that the major components of the DP, including arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and soluble coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) supports energy metabolism by increasing energy intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in a mouse model of ALS (SOD1-G93A). We explored the potential therapeutic use of DP by testing the effects of DP supplementation on the metabolomics profile of SOD1-G93A mice. In addition, we assessed time to paralysis in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of ALS (TDP-43) given DP supplementation. SOD1-G93A mice were fed a standard rodent diet (SD) or SD with low dose (LOW) or high dose of DP (HIGH). Global metabolomics analysis was performed on blood plasma from treated and untreated animals. Additionally, the time to paralysis of TDP-43 ALS C. elegans treated with and without the individual and combination DP supplements was measured. 30 and 49 biochemicals were significantly altered in the plasma of LOW and HIGH groups, respectively. Metabolites associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, arginine metabolism, as well as long- and medium-chain fatty acids, GABA and related intermediates were elevated in response to DP. Elements of DP, arginine and alpha-ketoglutarate, GABA, and MCTs prolonged the rate of final paralysis of C. elegans TDP-43 disease models. Targeting energy metabolism with the DP supplement as a metabolic therapy produces a change in the global metabolic profile of ALS mice that support the role of the DP for enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism and prolongs time to paralysis of ALS C. elegans.
Promoting Construction Supervisors’ Safety-Efficacy to Improve Safety Climate: Training Intervention Trial

AbstractHispanic workers may be more likely to experience a deficient safety climate on construction worksites and it may account for their disproportionate injury rates. As part of a large study, ...
Participation in dragon boating associated with greater increases in social support for breast cancer survivors who may benefit most

Breast cancer (BC) survivors commonly face stressors that impact quality of life (Hadd et al., 2010). Social support facilitates coping, and is associated with positive adaptation and well-being (Nausheen et al., 2009; McDonough et al., 2014). Group physical activity programs such as dragon boating provide opportunities to obtain social support from other survivors (McDonough et al., 2011). However, little is known about how social support changes among survivors who join such programs, or about demographic, disease-related, and psychosocial predictors of change in social support. This study examined change in support for BC-related concerns over the first season of participation in a dragon boating program for BC survivors, and whether demographic, disease-related, and psychosocial factors predicted change over time. 22 women ( M age = 52.05 years, 86% Caucasian, M time since diagnosis = 1.60 years) were surveyed monthly during their first 8-months of participation. Multilevel modeling was used to examine change over time, and between-person predictors of change. There was an average linear increase in social support. Greater increases in social support were experienced by those with lower income ( γ = -.06) and greater BMI ( γ = .01); and by those who had completed treatment more recently ( γ = -.02), had not participated in a BC support group ( γ = -.08), and had experienced a cancer recurrence ( γ = .29). Furthermore, greater increases in social support were experienced by those who had lower satisfaction of relatedness needs ( γ = -.12), poorer physical self-worth ( γ = -.04), and less social support for BC outside of the program ( γ = -.11). Participating in group physical activity programs such as dragon boating is associated with increased social support for coping with BC, and women who may be most at risk to struggle in the wake of BC tend to experience the greatest gains in support.
The Absence of Public Libraries in Imperial China: An Alternative Interpretation of Chinese Writing

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to explore Chinese writing and its connection with libraries in Imperial China. From the perspective of analysing Chinese writing and its cultural, social, and political impact, this article attempts to deliver a tentative and speculative exploration concerning why public libraries did not automatically emerge from Chinese civilization. This article discusses how Chinese writing, characterized by the art form calligraphy, was intimately associated with Chinese classical texts, knowledge classification, bibliographers, and imperial libraries and eventually with an elite culture empowered by the sociopolitical repertoire of scholar-officials. It particularly focuses on the discussion of how ‘public’ is viewed differently in Chinese culture than in the West and how Chinese society, including libraries, was transformed by redefining the meaning of ‘public’ at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The effects of a two-step transfer on a visuomotor adaptation task

The literature has shown robust effects of transfer-of-learning to the contralateral side and more recently transfer-of-learning effects to a new effector type on the ipsilateral side. Few studies have investigated the effects of transfer-of-learning when skills transfer to both a new effector type and the contralateral side (two-step transfer). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of two-step transfer and to examine which aspects of the movement transfer and which aspects do not. Individuals practiced a 30° visual rotation task with either the dominant or non-dominant limb and with either the use of the fingers and wrist or elbow and shoulder. Following practice, participants performed the task with the untrained effector type on the contralateral side. Results showed that initial direction error and trajectory length transferred from the dominant to the non-dominant side and movement time transferred from the elbow and shoulder condition to the wrist and finger conditions irrespective of which limb was used during practice. The results offer a unique perspective on the current theoretical and practical implications for transfer-of-learning and are further discussed in this paper.
A fully decoupled LC tank VCO based 16 to 19 GHz PLL in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS achieving −131dBc/Hz phase noise at 10MHz offset

This paper describes a technique for reducing oscillator phase noise through a circuit topology that decouples the LC tank from the active devices, achieving a higher amplitude of oscillation not limited by the active device breakdown voltage. This fully decoupled LC tank topology also reduces noise injection into the tank, which, coupled with the higher tank swing, results in low phase noise operation. As proof of concept, a VCO operating at 16 to 19 GHz is implemented in the IBM 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology f T /f max of 200/280 GHz). The VCO achieves a phase noise of −131dBc/Hz at a 10MHz offset from the carrier.
Pediatric Anatomy: Nose and Sinus

The sinonasal anatomy of children differs significantly when compared to the sinonasal anatomy of adults. Even within the pediatric group, the anatomy varies depending on the age of the patient, as structures reach full maturation in the teenage years. Knowledge of pediatric anatomy is important for all otolaryngologists, particularly those planning to operate within the nose of a child. This article will present the pediatric nasal and sinonasal anatomy with reference to development and related operative planning.
Bat Facial and Lip Projections: Unique Integumentary Morphology

We examined the morphology of chin and lip facial projections of seven species of Phyllostomid and Noctilionid bats utilizing scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of immunohistochemical and stained paraffin-embedded sections. Results showed that lip and chin facial projections were composed of glabrous skin except for some chin projections of Noctilio leporinus that were composed of haired skin. All projections contained a rich and diffuse concentration of nerves that were associated with dermal papillae and epidermal rete pegs that contained Merkel cell–neurite units and a diffuse network of epidermal free nerve endings. The existence of physically extended anatomical structures that contain a variety of receptor sensory units and their associated modalities must be important to be present throughout this diverse group of bats. These facial projections include a unique neural arrangement, but their specific functions remain unknown.
Cooling of Pure Water at Room Temperature by Weak Electric Currents

Flow of electrical current through water is expected to increase water temperature. We passed low-frequency alternating electric current through distilled, deionized water using platinum electrodes and found, instead, a diminution of temperature. The diminution was observed using both an infrared camera and a spectroradiometer, the latter allowing us to obtain spectral information. The diminished temperature persisted for at least half an hour following cessation of the current flow. Diminished radiant energy implies reduced charge displacements, which in turn implies increased structural order. Hence, the passage of charge into water appears to increase the water structure.
Development of an internal state variable model to describe the mechanical behavior of amorphous polymer and its application to impact testing

The use of lighter and impact resistant materials, such as polymers, in vehicular systems is an important motivation for the automotive industry as these materials would make vehicles more fuel-efficient without compromising safety standards. In general, polymers exhibit a rich variety of material behavior originating from their particular microstructural (long molecular chains) behavior that is strongly temperature, pressure, and time dependent. To capture such intricate behavior, a number of polymer constitutive models have been proposed and implemented into finite element codes in an effort to solve complex engineering problems (see [1] for a review of these models). However, developing improved constitutive models for polymers that are physically-based is always a challenging area that has important implications for the design of polymeric structural components.
Telemedicine pharmacy services implementation in organ transplantation at a metropolitan academic medical center.

Transplant patients represent a complex patient population for which telemedicine may allow enhanced access to the healthcare team and promote active engagement in health improvement. This retrospective study summarizes a multi-pronged approach that was instituted to implement a pharmacy telemedicine practice at our institution. Telemedicine visits included the provision of six key elements for our patients: (1) medication reconciliation, (2) vaccination history, (3) medication teaching, (4) pharmacotherapy review, (5) medication adherence, and (6) triage to other providers. From January through June 2017, 46 patients were registered for a visit (recipients n = 32 and living donors n = 14). Three-fourths of the patients who completed a visit connected using a mobile device. Time from discharge to the visit was 5.4 days. The average visit duration was 11.6 ± 8 minutes. Medication reconciliation was performed for 24 patients where 6 (25%) required medication list adjustments. An average of 1.2 ± 0.4 medicat...
Differences in egg and milk food challenge outcomes based on tolerance to the baked form.

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest inclusion of baked egg and milk in the diet of children with egg or cow's milk (CM) allergy might positively affect native tolerance. However, differences in native food reactivity based on historical baked tolerance are not fully understood. Objective To assess differences in native egg and CM oral food challenge (OFC) outcomes based on presenting history of tolerance and exposure to these foods in the baked form. Methods This study is a retrospective review of all egg and CM OFCs at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) over 4 years (N = 580). History of baked ingestion was compared with OFC pass rate, eliciting dose, epinephrine use, reaction classification, and recent skin test reaction or specific immunoglobulin E level. Results There were 115 egg- and 70 CM-positive challenge reactions, with most eliciting anaphylaxis. Children tolerating baked egg passed OFC more frequently (75%) compared with children who avoided baked egg (58%; P = .01) or never ingested egg (45%; P Conclusion Children who historically tolerated baked egg were less sensitive to native egg during OFC compared with children whose baked reactivity was largely unknown.
The Emotional Labor of Surveillance: Digital Control in Fast Fashion Retail:

Rooted in critical labor studies and feminist surveillance studies, this article explores how big data and biometric surveillance impact fast fashion’s predominantly feminized and racialized workfo...