cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Episodes of unpalatable prey reduce consumption and growth of juvenile praying mantids

Third-instar praying mantids (Tenodera sinensisSaussure: Mantidae) were fed either a sequence of unpalatable milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatusDallas: Lygaeidae) and palatable fruit flies (Drosophila melanogasterMeigen: Drosophilidae) or a control diet of palatable flies only. Mantids fed a sequence of 3 days of unpalatable bugs and 4 days of palatable flies took, on average, 5 days longer to develop to the fourth instar than the controls, and consequently, their growth rate was less than that of the controls. They ate 10–15 unpalatable bugs in that time, but also, because the stadium was prolonged, they ended up eating as many flies as the faster-growing controls and therefore attained similar biomass. Mantids subjected to episodes of 2 days with unpalatable bugs followed by 4 days of flies had reduced growth rates that were a function of both more time spent in the stadium and less weight gained than the controls. Mantids subjected to episodes of 1 day with unpalatable bugs followed by 4 days of flies did not gain as much weight as the controls but had similar growth rates. Mantids fed unpalatable bugs on Days 1 and 6 and palatable flies on the other days and mantids fed flies for 4 days and then 1 day without food grew at the same rate. In this case, eating unpalatable prey for 2 days of 7 (with 7 days = average stadium duration) slowed weight gain as much as missing food for a day. We conclude that, depending on the sequence, episodes (in this case, 1 or more days) of eating unpalatable prey can reduce the daily rate of consumption sufficiently to have a negative impact on biomass gained, stadium duration, and growth rate.
Data collection and monitoring using cellular wireless network: GSM

Due to the rapid expansion of road and highway system around the world, there is a growing demand to monitor vehicle traffic patterns and road status by jurisdictional agencies charged with maintaining roads and ensuring the safety and usability of various highways within their jurisdictions. The feasibility of performing effective monitoring relies on cost, complexity and scalability of the traffic monitoring system. These factors are largely determined by the communication method between the monitoring system devices. This paper presents a novel application that uses commercially available wireless protocols coupled with Internet Protocol (IP) to integrate traffic counters placed at different locations with the State of Oklahoma. The system uses commercial cellular networks as its transport medium for communication with the traffic control. The system has been tested and deployed since July 2007 by Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT).
Imaging of the Spleen: CT With Supplemental MR Examination

Splenic lesions tend to be small or infiltrating and vary in size and configuration, making detection difficult, particularly without use of an organ-specific contrast agent. The authors present a series of selected cases to show the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in depiction of splenic disease. Six major categories are presented: (a) inflammatory disease, (b) splenic cysts, (c) infarction, (d) nonneoplastic and noninfectious diffuse splenic disease, (e) benign tumors, and (f) malignant tumors. CT attenuation of splenic tissue is homogeneous, typically measuring 40-60 HU on non-contrast material-enhanced scans. Splenic attenuation is normally 5-10 HU less than that of liver, a standard of reference used in evaluation of either hepatic or splenic disease. On T1-weighted MR images, the normal signal intensity of the spleen is less than that of hepatic tissue and slightly greater than that of muscle. On T2-weighted images, the spleen shows higher signal intensity, appearing brighter than the liver. CT is currently the choice for evaluation of the spleen; however, MR imaging may be increasingly used as newer pulse sequences and organ-specific contrast agents are developed.
Single-camera visual servoing

Deals with the problem of driving the position of a point-robot to a goal point, using measurements provided by a single camera. The camera can be moved to compensate for the ambiguity in depth. It is shown that, although the system consisting of the point robot together with the moving camera is observable, there is no output-feedback controller capable of asymptotically stabilizing an equilibrium point of the closed-loop system. However, it is possible to design a controller that drives the robot to the goal, provided that the position of the camera does not converge. We give a hybrid controller-combining logic-based switching with continuous dynamics-that accomplishes this. The stability of the controller is also analyzed when there is miscalibration between the robot and the camera.
Personality changes associated with surgically corrected hypoacusis.

Serving as subjects for the study were 34 hard-of-hearing adult patients with otosclerosis and to whom normal hearing was restored after a stapes operations. As measured by pre and post-operative scores on the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, it was concluded: (1) that individuals with a hearing loss due to otosclerosis manifest certain negative qualities on selected traits in their personality profiles, and (2) that they become significantly more positive once normal hearing is reestablished (p≦0.05, one-tail).
Immune Opsonins Modulate BLyS/BAFF Release in a Receptor-Specific Fashion

TNF ligand superfamily member 13B (B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), B cell activating factor (BAFF)) promotes primary B cell proliferation and Ig production. While the soluble form of BLyS/BAFF is thought to be the primary biologically active form, little is known about the regulation of its cleavage and processing. We provide evidence that Fcγ receptor cross-linking triggers a rapid release of soluble, biologically active BLyS/BAFF from myeloid cells. Surprisingly, this function is primarily mediated by FcγRI, but not FcγRIIa as defined by specific mAb, and can be initiated by both IgG and C reactive protein as ligands. The generation of a B cell proliferation and survival factor by both innate and adaptive immune opsonins through engagement of an Fcγ receptor, which can also enhance Ag uptake and presentation, provides a unique opportunity to facilitate Ab production. These results provide a mechanism by which Fcγ receptors can elevate circulating BLyS levels and promote autoantibody production in immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Synthesis of chiral heterobimetallic tris(phosphinoamide) Zr/Co complexes

Abstract Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of new heterobimetallic Zr/Co complexes incorporating chiral phosphinoamide ligands. The chiral phosphinoamine ligand (R-PhCH3CH)NHPiPr2 (1) is used to synthesize a tris(phosphinoamide) Zr metalloligand ClZr((R-PhCH3CH)NPiPr2)3 (2), which can be further treated with CoI2 to afford the chiral Zr/Co heterobimetallic complex ClZr((R-PhCH3CH)NPiPr2)3CoI (3). Complex 3 can be reduced by two electrons to produce Zr((R-PhCH3CH)NPiPr2)3CoN2 (4). In an alternative strategy, a mixed-ligand derivative featuring two achiral phosphinoamide ligands and one chiral ligand was targeted. Thermolysis of Zr(NMe2)4 with iPr2PNHXyl in toluene produces (Me2N)2Zr(iPr2PNXyl)2 (5, Xyl = 3,5-dimethylphenyl), which can be transformed into I2Zr(iPr2PNXyl)2 (6) via in situ treatment with Me3SiI. A third chiral phosphinoamide ligand can then be installed to generate IZr((R-PhCH3CH)NPiPr2)(XylNPiPr2)2 (7). Treatment of complex 7 with CoI2 affords IZr((R-PhCH3CH)NPiPr2)(XylNPiPr2)2CoI (8). Complexes 3, 7, and 8 were structurally characterized and a preliminary screening of the catalytic hydrosilylation of acetophenone with reduced complex 4 revealed a very poor yield and essentially no enantioselectivity.
Weighted control scheduling

This paper describes a practical technique for the optimal scheduling of control dominated systems minimizing the weighted average latency over all control branches. Such a weighted metric is crucial for control dependent scheduling to accommodate practical architectural goals. In contrast to most weighting mechanisms, a nonBayesian probabilistic measure is used to avoid assumptions of branch independence. The underlying scheduling model allows general FSM-based models for operations, captures several forms of speculative execution and scales well with increasing control complexity.
Fluctuating Exchange Rates in Countries with Relatively Stable Economies: Some European Experiences After World War I

IN DISCUSSIONS OF EXCHANGE POLICY in recent years, the point has frequently been made in criticism of freely fluctuating exchange rates that, under such exchange systems, speculation can generally be expected to have a cumulative destabilizing influence, which will exaggerate any movements in the exchange rate and which might readily cause the breakdown of the exchange system. To support this contention, the historical experience of the interwar period, in particular that of the French franc from 1919 to 1926, has frequently been invoked.'
Effect of sediment organic carbon on survival of hyalella azteca exposed to DDT and endrin

Sediment toxicity tests were conducted with the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca using sediments ranging in total organic carbon (TOC) concentration from 3 to 11 % and spiked with either DDT or endrin. While the toxicity in the DDT-spiked sediment decreased with increasing TOC content, the TOC content of the endrin-spiked sediment had little apparent effect on toxicity. The 10-d sediment dry-weight LC50 for DDT was 11.0 μg/g at 3.0% TOC and 49.7 μg/g at 10.5% TOC. The sediment dry weight LC50s for endrin at 3.0 and 11.2% TOC were 4.4 and 6.0 μg/L, respectively. These results are important in evaluating the carbon normalization theory, which assumes that the availability of nonpolar organic compounds is reduced in the presence of higher concentrations of TOC. The differences in adsorption and toxicity between DDT and endrin are presumably related to the smaller carbon (Koc) and octanol/water (Kow) partition coefficients of endrin.
A 1.8 kb Alternative Transcript from the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Encodes a Truncated form of the Receptor

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is encoded by the c-erbB1 proto-oncogene and plays an important role in the control of cell growth and differentiation. To study the potential growth regulatory role of soluble EGF receptors, we have isolated cDNA clones encoding a truncated, secreted form of the human EGFR. The 54 sequence of this cDNA is identical to the EGFR transcript encoding the full-length receptor through exon 10. The unique 34 sequence encodes two additional amino acid residues before encountering an in-frame stop codon, a poly(A) addition site and a poly(A) + tail. Sequence comparison with genomic DNA sequences demonstrates that this alternative transcript arises by read-through of a splice donor site. As a result, this transcript encodes a portion of the extracellular ligand-binding domain, but lacks the transmembrane domain and the intracellular tyrosine kinase catalytic domain present in the EGFR. Conditioned medium from transfected fibroblast cells contains a 60 kDa protein that is specifically immunoprecipitated by an EGFR monoclonal antibody. These findings demonstrate that alternative processing of the human EGFR transcript produces a secreted product composed of only the extracellular ligand-binding domain.
The S2-Tree: An Index Structure for Subsequence Matching of Spatial Objects

We present the S2-Tree, an indexing method for subsequence matching of spatial objects. The S2-Tree locates subsequences within a collection of spatial sequences, i.e., sequences made up of spatial objects, such that the subsequences match a given query pattern within a specified tolerance. Our method is based on (i) the string-searching techniques that locate substrings within a string of symbols drawn from a discrete alphabet (e.g., ASCII characters) and (ii) the spatial access methods that index (unsequenced) spatial objects. Particularly, the S2-Tree can be applied to solve problems such as subsequence matching of time-series data, where features of subsequences are often extracted and mapped into spatial objects. Moreover, it supports queries such as "what is the longest common pattern of the two time series?", which previous subsequence matching algorithms find difficult to solve efficiently.
Sensorless control of the BLDC motors from near zero to high speed

This paper presents the theory and practice required to implement a novel sensorless operation technique for the brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The proposed new sensorless drive method breaks through the chronic problem of the sensorless BLDC motor drives, lack of low speed operation, so that it ensures highly accurate, robust sensorless operation from near zero to high speed. For this purpose, a physically insightful, speed-independent function, based on a new flux linkage function, is used. A simulation result of the proposed sensorless method is shown, and the result discussed. Also, the validity of the proposed method is verified through the experimental results.
Vehicular grid communications: the role of the internet infrastructure

Vehicle communications are becoming a reality, driven by navigation safety requirements and by the investments of car manufacturers and Public Transport Authorities. As a consequence many of the essential vehicle grid components (radios, Access Points, spectrum, standards, etc.) will soon be in place (and paid for) paving the way to unlimited opportunities for other car-to-car applications beyond safe navigation, for example, from news to entertainment, mobile network games and civic defense. In this study, we take a visionary look at these future applications, the emerging "Vehicular Grid" that will support them and the interplay between the grid and the communications infrastructure.In essence, the Vehicular Grid is a large scale ad hoc network. However, an important feature of the Vehicular Grid, which sets it apart from most instantly-deployed ad hoc networks, is the ubiquitous presence of the infrastructure (and the opportunity to use it). While the Vehicular Grid must be entirely self-supporting for emergency operations (natural disaster, terrorist attack, etc), it should exploit the infrastructure (when present) during normal operations. In this paper we address the interaction between vehicles and Internet servers through Virtual Grid and Internet Infrastructure. This includes transparent geo-route provisioning across the Internet, mobile resource monitoring, and mobility management (using back up services in case of infrastructure failure). We then focus on routing and show the importance of Infrastructure cooperation and feedback for efficient, congestion free routing.
An evaluation of 354 consecutive hysterectomies performed at the Orange Memorial Hospital

Abstract 1. 1. A review of 354 consecutive hysterectomies, performed by seven members of the gynecological, and fourteen of the surgical staff, of the Orange Memorial Hospital, is presented. 2. 2. These 354 hysterectomies consisted of 120 total, 34 per cent, 163 subtotal, 46 per cent, and 71 vaginal types, 35 per cent. 3. 3. The greatest number of cases, 140, or 40 per cent, occurred in the age group 40 to 49 years. There were 167 hysterectomies, 46 per cent, performed in women under 40 years of age. 4. 4. The gynecological service was responsible for 232, 65.5 per cent, of these cases and the surgical service 122, 34.5 per cent. 5. 5. There were two deaths in this series, a mortality incidence of 0.7 per cent in the abdominal hysterectomies and 0.56 per cent in the whole group. Both of these deaths were due to pulmonary emboli in the subtotal operations. 6. 6. Ten patients, 2.8 per cent, had no preoperative symptoms. Abnormal bleeding was the chief complaint of 148 patients, 41.8 per cent, and 308, 87 per cent, complained of bleeding and/or pain and mass in the abdomen. 7. 7. Fibroids were discovered 205 times, 57.9 per cent, in the pelvic examinations prior to operation. Only two cases, 0.6 per cent, were reported as having normal pelves. The preoperative findings appeared grossly to indicate operation in all but five cases, 1.4 per cent. 8. 8. Fibroids were found in 205 of the removed uteri, 57.9 per cent, by the pathologist. The uteri removed abdominally were reported normal (including cervicitis and pregnancy) 22 times, 7.7 per cent. Pregnancy or retained products were reported in 15 cases, 5.3 per cent. 9. 9. Of the fifteen cases showing pregnancy or retained products on pathological examination, eight were recognized preoperatively and seven were unrecognized. Hysterectomy is judged to have been indicated in nine of these patients and not indicated in six. 10. 10. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the pathologist in 237 of the 283 abdominal hysterectomies, 83.7 per cent, and not confirmed in 46 cases, 16.3 per cent. 11. 11. In 235 cases confirmed by the pathologist, 83.3 per cent, the hysterectomy is considered justified, and in 16 of the unconfirmed cases, 5.7 per cent. 12. 12. Based on the 283 abdominal hysterectomies, the removal of the uterus is considered justifiable in 251 cases, 89 per cent, and unjustifiable in 32, 11 per cent. 13. 13. In three of the total 354 cases, 0.8 per cent, the type of hysterectomy is judged misused.
Temperature Control on Soluble Reactive Phosphorus in the Lower Mississippi River

Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) has recently been shown to be one of the limiting nutrients for the growth of phytoplankton in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We show here that during the past decade, SRP concentrations in the lower reaches of North America's largest river, the Mississippi River, were highest in summer and lowest in winter and positively correlated with water temperature. Upstream data showed this coupling to increase in a downstream trend in the Mississippi main stem. Water quality data analysis and phosphorus mass balances were conducted to examine the controls of this relationship. The results showed that the positive SRP–temperature correlation in the Mississippi River system was largely a result of gradual dilution of SRP-enriched upper Mississippi River waters, which contributed most to the Mississippi River during summer, by SRP-depleted waters from the Ohio and other tributaries. Particle buffering and organic matter mineralization might play a role in the observed SRP–temperature relationship, but their importance relative to tributary effects is not quantified. Future work on the seasonal dynamics of SRP in large river systems needs to consider the effects of both tributary dilution and in situ processes.
A Human Response Model of a Combined Manual and Decision Task

A combined manual and decision task may be viewed as an arrangement of subtasks, one or more of which involves uncertainty due to some input random process I(X). Very little is known about the relationship between the subtask performance times and I(X), particularly in an operational environment. An experiment was run involving a task containing a 4-alternative choice decision subtask. The other subtasks involved motions that have been found to be typical of many operational environments. The probabilistic conditions that were varied over the 4-alternative choice element consisted of six discrete probability functions for each of two distinct structures: independent (random sequences) and Markov dependent. The subtask performance time distributions were found to fit gamma's, but tended to independent approximate normal variates as subjects progressed toward fully learned states. For fully learned subjects the only subtask affected by the uncertainty was the decision subtask, and these effects did not vary significantly between the independent and Markov structures. Subjects employed a motion strategy at the decision subtask that was a function of the most probable stimulus. The results provide factors pertinent to systems design and evaluation in general.
Analysis of the perception of motion concomitant with a lateral motion of the head.

This study is concerned with two questions regarding the illusory motion of objects that occurs concomitantly with motion of the head. One is whether this illusory concomitant motion, unlike the perception of real motion, is paradoxical in the sense that, although the object appears to move, it does not appear to go anywhere. The second question is whether illusory concomitant motion can be explained by errors in convergence produced by a tendency for the convergence of the eyes to displace in the direction of the resting state of convergence. Both questions receive a negative answer. In Experiment 1, it is shown that the illusory motion perceptually can add to or subtract from apparent motion resulting from real motion. In Experiment 2, it is shown that, for a binocularly viewed object at a near distance, the error in convergence (fixation disparity) is far too small to be an explanation for the illusory object motion associated with a moving head. The results of both experiments support an interpretation of illusory concomitant motion in terms of errors in the apparent distance of the stimulus object and the veridical perception of its direction.
Vertebral compression fractures during chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: commentary on a report from the STeroid Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) research program

Children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can present with vertebral fractures at diagnosis, or may develop vertebral fractures during treatment for their disease.
Debt Burdens Among BSW Graduates: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Cross-sectional data reveal a dire financial picture for 2009 BSW graduates that can be attributed in part to loan decisions (n=300). More than 10.1% have accrued a minimum of $55,000 in educational debt at graduation. Following private educational loans, credit cards are the second most reported private loans to finance respondents' BSW education (27.1%). Among those who used credit cards to fund their BSW education, 42% indicate that the availability of credit cards was "very" or "extremely" important to cover their educational expenses, and 11.1% have more than $10,000 in credit card debt. An ordinal regression model identifies predictors of high educational loan borrowers: the number of federal loans, perceived non-educational debt burden, importance of educational loan availability to attend a higher education institution, use of private educational loans, annual tuition, and total credit card debt. Individual, discipline-specific, and public interventions are presented to promote the financial well-...
Low levels of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in α1-antitrypsin deficiency

Quantitations of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been proposed as noninvasive markers of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that exhaled CO is increased in individuals wit...
Operating Physical Security- and Technology-Centered Programs

Technology is a leading factor in achieving greater security for organizations, the public sector, and residential spaces. Internet processing and handheld computing devices have been particularly important in lowering risk. Integrating surveillance and communications with a monitoring system has produced measureable changes in greater security. Technology also is powerful with after-the-fact resolution of crimes or other incidents. This chapter begins with a widely recognized theory of achieving security through environmental design. It also discusses nonmechanical means of protection through electronic measures that are designed into systems. Technology enhances the capacity to authenticate persons or tokens and raise the level of confidence in identification.
Land use as a mediating factor of fertility in the Amazon

Despite implications for both humans and the environment, a scant body of research examines fertility in forest frontiers. This study examines the fertility–environment association using empirical data from Ecuadorian Amazon between 1980 and 1999. Fertility dramatically declined during this period, and our empirical models suggest that households’ relationship to land partially explains this decline. Controlling for known fertility determinants such as age and education, women in households lacking land titles experienced a 27 % higher birth rate than did women in households with land titles. This suggests insecure land tenure was associated with higher fertility. Furthermore, each additional hectare of new pasture was associated with a 16 % higher birth rate, suggesting the potential role of a more stable and lucrative income source in supporting additional births. Findings from this research can help inform strategic policies to address sustainable development in frontier environments.
Rates and Risk Factors for Unplanned Emergency Department Utilization and Hospital Readmission Following Bariatric Surgery.

Objective:To identify unplanned emergency resource utilization in the perioperative period following bariatric surgery.Summary of Background Data:Avoidable emergency department (ED) utilization and hospital readmissions pose a significant economic burden to our healthcare system. The extent of this
Decreased gene dosage of Cdc25A inhibits cellular transformation and mammary tumorigenesis in mice

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 2584 The Cdk-activating Cdc25A phosphatase is overexpressed in various cancers including breast cancer. Cdc25A downregulation is critical for S-phase checkpoint, and Cdc25A overexpression could promote not only aberrant proliferation but also survival with chromosomal instability. While Cdc25A has been suggested to be an oncogene, it has not been examined how genetic manipulations to suppress Cdc25A expression affect carcinogenesis. To determine the impact of Cdc25A downregulation, we generated Cdc25A-null mice by gene targeting. Cdc25A−/− mice died in utero during the peri-implantation period (E4.5-7.5). Cdc25A+/− mice showed no appreciable developmental defect, with normal fertility and nursing. However, Cdc25A+/− mice displayed marked resistance to tumorigenesis induced by MMTV -driven oncogenes. After crossbreeding, all MMTV-ras transgenic mice in the Cdc25A +/+ background developed mammary tumors with latency of 20 weeks. In contrast, 50% of MMTV-ras mice in the Cdc25A +/− background did not display detectable tumors during 24-month observation. The neu oncogene functions upstream of ras in mammary carcinogenesis. MMTV-neu mice in the Cdc25A +/+ background developed tumors with latency of 25 weeks, while tumor latency in MMTV-neu; Cdc25A +/− mice was prolonged to 34 weeks. The tumor suppressive effect of Cdc25A heterozygosity was consistent with decreased potential of Cdc25A +/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to undergo transformation. Cdc25A +/− MEFs proliferated normally, but exhibited significantly decreased colony formation in soft agar following retroviral expression of H-rasV12 plus c-myc or a dominant negative (DN) p53 mutant. Consistently, suppression of Cdc25A expression was inhibitory on transformation of MCF-10A human non-transformed mammary epithelial cells. Lentiviruses encoding two distinct anti-Cdc25A short hairpin RNAs decreased Cdc25A levels in MCF-10A cells by 30% and 60%, respectively, which was correlated with inhibition of colony formation after transduction with H-rasV12 plus c-myc or DNp53. However, lowering Cdc25A levels after expression of the oncogenes was not inhibitory on colony formation, suggesting the importance of Cdc25A at initial phases of transformation. We are investigating impacts of Cdc25A downregulation on pathways controlling checkpoint and carcinogenesis, using genomics/proteomics. These studies provide evidence that Cdc25A is a rate-limiting oncogene for mammary carcinogenesis, and recapitulate that Cdc25 is a promising therapeutic target. This work is supported in part by NIH grants, CA100204 and HD38085, and a DOD grant, DAMD17-02-1-0413.
From Ideas to Trade

This paper studies how cross-country differences in the allocation of technology affect bilateral trade. Do both the stock and dispersion of technology matter for exports? We build on Eaton and Kortum (2002) and develop a Ricardian model where the process of innovation determines both the stock and dispersion of technology in each country. Like in the EK model, a higher stock of technology and lower relative input costs foster exports. Unlike in the EK model, a country's overall comparative advantage depends on the country-specific dispersion of technology which governs the advantage of having lower input costs. In particular, a smaller technological dispersion benefits countries with lower input costs since trade is determined by these and not technological differences. The opposite is true for a high dispersion. To test our model we create a novel dataset of historical patents and use these to construct our technology variables. Our results confirm our model's predictions and indicate that technological innovation matters for trade through both the stock of patents and their dispersion across the economy.
Positive pleural pressure decreases coronary perfusion.

Pressure surrounding the heart (PSH) rises with maneuvers that increase pleural pressure. This may decrease left ventricular (LV) oxygen demand by reducing LV afterload. However, positive PSH may a...
Determination of Bone Length in Vivo

(1968). Determination of Bone Length in Vivo. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 223-224.
Deception and Self-Deception in Capital Markets

We argue that self-deception underlies various aspects of the behavior of investors and of prices in capital markets. We examine the implications of self-deception for investor overconfidence, and how firms and financial institutions can exploit the overconfidence of investors in a predatory fashion. These ideas link self-deception to deception by others. We also examine how investor self-deception and overconfidence can affect financial reporting and disclosure policy.
Examining methodological issues on combined RP and SP data

Abstract Revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data have been widely used in transportation studies to understand user's preferences regarding various travel decisions. This paper focuses on investigating the modeling techniques to address various issues associated with pooled estimation using both RP and SP data, such as the scale variances, the user heterogeneity, and the state dependency effect, etc. Various model structures are explored, and the results are compared in terms of the significance level of the key parameters, the model performance, and the implications on the derived values of (Value of travel Time) VOT and (Value Of travel time Reliability) VOR. The model results indicate that when inter-alternative scale parameters are incorporated, the model performance and fit improve significantly, with much more reasonable state dependency factors, while the error components and the standard deviations for the random parameters in Mixed Logit (ML) model lose their influence. It suggests that the inter-alternative scale parameters are able to capture the unobserved heterogeneity across alternatives and individuals and relax the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) of Multinomial Logit (MNL) models. This paper contributes to the literature by adding empirical studies and providing insights on the modeling approaches to handle joined dataset, particularly in the field of examining VOT and VOR based on joint RP and SP survey data.
A Priori Estimates in Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems for Elliptic Systems

The systems considered have the form in Ω, on ∂Ω, where is a bounded domain, A is a matrix of second order elliptic operators, and γ is a real parameter. For simplicity the results are stated for a single equation, but the range of validity for systems is discussed. The first type of a priori estimates give lower bounds for sup in terms of γ and |Ω| when is superlinear, upper bounds for sup when is sublinear, and lower bounds for γ when has linear growth. The second type of estimates generalize to systems results of Brezis and Turner and P. L. Lions for single equations; they give upper bounds for sup in the superlinear case. Those estimates require A to be diagonal. None of the results require a variational structure for the system.
Testing an implantable intraspinal drug delivery device in the ewe.

Objective. The authors report the use of multiple implanted intraspinal port and catheter systems per test animal to study the in vivo functional characteristics and reliability of a new implantable spinal drug delivery port system. Methods. Four ewes were each implanted with two epidural and one subarachnoid silicone elastomer catheters at the lumbar level. Each catheter was connected in series to one of three Therex filtered spinal delivery ports implanted subcutaneously in a similar grid pattern in each ewe to facilitate percutaneous identification. Saline (2 ml) was injected 3 times weekly in each port. The ease of injection and behavioral responses were recorded for 207-213 days of implantation until sacrifice/necropsy. Results. All ports functioned reliably during the study. However, injection through two of the four subarachnoid catheters resulted in behavioral withdrawal responses intermittently. This behavioral pattern was much less common after epidural port injections. All four subarachnoid and four of eight epidural port and catheter systems were tested with local anesthetic just before sacrifice. Motor block was observed in three of four subarachnoid and three of four epidural port and catheter systems tested. Integrity of the other four epidural ports was tested by injection of methylene blue at sacrifice. This dye did not distribute in the epidural space in one of the latter four epidural ports (not local anesthetic tested) because of a concentric fibrotic reaction about the catheter. Similar fibrotic reactions surrounded the catheters that failed a functional test with local anesthetic. Conclusions. The implantable intraspinal port system tested functions reliably under repetitive percutaneous access. However, filtering such ports, though desirable to prevent entry of debris into the spinal canal, did not eliminate pericatheter chronic subarachnoid and epidural reaction. The number of test animals required to test 12 ports chronically was reduced by two-thirds without undue trauma to the individual test subject. Chronic percutaneous injection of an implanted subarachnoid system is feasible but may be associated with behavioral effects similar to that seen with chronic epidural systems. Fibrosis around chronic silicone catheters limited functional utility in one-fourth of the implanted test systems. Further study of the potential reactivity of chronic epidural and subarachnoid catheters is indicated.
Flexible Enforcement of Multi-factor Authentication with SSH via Linux-PAM for Federated Identity Users

A computational science project with restricted-access data was awarded an allocation by XSEDE in 2016 to use the Bridges supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC). As a condition of the license agreement for access to the data, multi-factor authentication (MFA) with XSEDE's Duo MFA service is required for users of this project to login to Bridges via SSH, in addition to filesystem access controls. Since not all Bridges users are required to authenticate to Bridges in this manner, a solution was implemented via Linux-PAM to require XSEDE Duo MFA for SSH login access by specific users, as identified by their local account name or membership in a local group. This paper describes the implementation on Bridges and its extensibility to other systems and environments with similar needs.
Assessment of Plant Community Characteristics in Natural and Human-Altered Coastal Marsh Ecosystems

Salt marsh ecosystems provide many critical ecological functions, yet they are subject to considerable disturbance ranging from direct human alteration to increased inundation due to climate change. We assessed emergent salt marsh plant characteristics in the Tuckerton Peninsula, a large expanse (~ 2000 ha) of highly inundated habitat along the southern New Jersey coast, USA. Key salt marsh plant parameters were monitored in the heavily grid-ditched northern segment, Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) altered central segment, and the shoreline altered southern segment of the peninsula in the summer months of 2011 and 2013. Plant species composition and three metrics of abundance and structure (maximum canopy height, percent areal cover, and shoot density) were examined among marsh segments, along transects within segments, seasonally by month and between years. Despite seasonal or annual variability, the northern segment of the marsh differed in plant species composition from the central and southern segments. This difference was partly due to greater percent areal cover in the northern segment of upper marsh species such as Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata. S. patens also exhibited higher shoot densities in the northern segment than the central segment. Despite the higher abundance of upper marsh species, marsh surface elevations were lower in the northern segment than in the central or southern segments, suggesting the influence of altered hydrology due to human activities. Understanding current variation in the emergent salt marsh vegetation along the peninsula will help inform future habitat change in other coastal wetlands of New Jersey and the mid-Atlantic region subject to natural and anthropogenic drivers.
Use of FDA approved medications for Alzheimer's disease in mild dementia is associated with reduced informal costs of care.

ABSTRACTBackground:The use of FDA approved medications for Alzheimer's disease [AD; FDAAMAD; (cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists)] has been associated with symptomatic benefit with a reduction in formal (paid services) and total costs of care (formal and informal costs). We examined the use of these medications and their association with informal costs in persons with dementia. Method Two hundred eighty participants (53% female, 72% AD) from the longitudinal, population-based Dementia Progression Study in Cache County, Utah (USA) were followed up to ten years. Mean (SD) age at baseline was 85.6 (5.5) years. Informal costs (expressed in 2015 dollars) were calculated using the replacement cost method (hours of care multiplied by the median wage in Utah in the visit year) and adjusted for inflation using the Medical Consumer Price Index. Generalized Estimating Equations with a gamma log-link function were used to examine the longitudinal association between use of FDAAMAD and informal costs. Results The daily informal cost for each participant at baseline ranged from $0 to $318.12, with the sample median of $9.40. Within the entire sample, use of FDAAMAD was not significantly associated with informal costs (expβ = 0.73, p = 0.060). In analyses restricted to participants with mild dementia at baseline (N = 222), use of FDAAMAD was associated with 32% lower costs (expβ = 0.68, p = 0.038). Conclusions Use of FDAAMAD was associated with lower informal care costs in those with mild dementia only.
Digital storytelling as critical narrative intervention with adolescent women of Puerto Rican descent

This article focuses on findings of a two-year pilot research study focused on addressing sexual and reproductive health inequities faced by adolescent women of Puerto Rican descent living on the mainland United States. Working with three groups of young women, in the pilot study we gathered ethnographic data in and around a group-based digital storytelling process to inform the development of a larger intervention. Digital stories are short (1-3 minute), participant produced videos that synthesize still and moving image, a voiceover recording of the participant telling her story, and background music and text to document personal experiences. Based on narrative analysis of digital stories and field notes written in and around the digital storytelling workshop process, as well as follow-up individual interviews with workshop participants, our findings center on the ways that trauma has specifically shaped participants' sexual and reproductive health experiences. We argue that digital storytelling serves as a critical narrative intervention, whereby participants' engagement in the storytelling process enables them to collaboratively interrogate and potentially address prior trauma, bolster a sense of social support and solidarity, and potentially recalibrate stigmatizing conversations about them. We introduce our project methodology, and then present key findings on trauma as it informs sexual and reproductive health practices, with digital storytelling showcased as a modality for critical narrative intervention. We conclude by discussing implications for critical public health research and practice.
Going deeper with CNN in malicious crowd event classification

Terror attacks are often targeted towards the civilians gathered in one location (e.g., Boston Marathon bombing). Distinguishing such ’malicious’ scenes from the ’normal’ ones, which are semantically different, is a difficult task as both scenes contain large groups of people with high visual similarity. To overcome the difficulty, previous methods exploited various contextual information, such as language-driven keywords or relevant objects. Although useful, they require additional human effort or dataset. In this paper, we show that using more sophisticated and deeper Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can achieve better classification accuracy even without using any additional information outside the image domain. We have conducted a comparative study where we train and compare seven different CNN architectures (AlexNet, VGG-M, VGG16, GoogLeNet, ResNet- 50, ResNet-101, and ResNet-152). Based on the experimental analyses, we found out that deeper networks typically show better accuracy, and that GoogLeNet is the most favorable among the seven architectures for the task of malicious event classification.
Thermal Analysis in Earth Science: Experience and Expectations

Thermal analysis in earth science is a relatively mature field with a huge background of experience. Throughout its development thermal analysis has been preoccupied with characterization of rocks and minerals, the primary use of thermal analysis in earth science. The clays, now largely a standardized part of ceramics studies, claimed a major part of the early work. Recently, however, development of thermal analysis in the area of earth science has slackened.
Differential Equations and Special Functions

We are mainly interested in those special functions that appear as solutions of differential equations. As suggested in Section 1.3, the solutions can be expressed as infinite series. For this reason, it is convenient here to review some general properties of such series.1
Breast cancer secreted factors alter the bone microenvironment

Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis. Over eighty percent of patients with advanced breast cancer develop bone metastases. Once breast cancer has spread to bone, the cancer is incurable and patients develop mostly osteolytic, but also osteoblastic, or mixed bone lesions and suffer from extreme bone pain, skeletal fractures, hypercalcemia, and nerve compression. Current treatment is the use of antiresorptive bisphosphonates, which reduces bone pain and skeletal fractures but does not improve overall survival. Mouse models of bone metastasis have led to an understanding of the complex interactions that occur within bone that contribute to the incurability of the disease. Once breast cancer cells enter bone, a “vicious cycle” develops between breast cancer cells and the other cells within bone. Breast cancer cells secrete factors that stimulate bone cells, causing them in turn to secrete factors back onto the cancer cells. Inhibiting the actions of cancer-secreted factors may break this vicious cycle. The list of tumor-secreted factors is long, but they can be divided into three groups: (1) bone-resorbing, (2) bone-forming, and (3) metastasisopposing factors. These factors may share upstream regulatory pathways. Such central pathways could provide new targets for more effective treatment of bone metastasis. The TGF and hypoxia-induced Hif1 pathways are two leading targets for such adjuvant treatments.
ABA signaling in plant development and growth

Abscisic acid (ABA) is implicated in a number of developmental events during the life cycle of higher plants. Not only is ABA involved in mediating the response to a number of environmental stresses, including drought, cold and salt, it also plays a significant role in embryo development and seed maturation. These specific, pleiotropic responses are often reflected in differential pat-terns of gene expression. There is comparatively little information on the mechanism(s) of ABA perception and the subsequent downstream signaling pathway(s) involved that lead to a physiological or genetic response. However, recent progress in identifying and utilizing mutations that affect ABA synthesis and perception coupled with the analysis of ABA induced stomatal guard cell closure and the analysis of genes and their promoters that respond to ABA is leading to new insights into the ABA signaling pathway(s). Below, we present an eclectic review of results in these three areas and end with a prospectus on future directions.
The Relationship of Marriage to Psychological Well-being

As mentioned in the previous chapter, mental health professionals have been predominantly concerned with the treatment of psychiatrically impaired individuals. Similarly, most theoretical systems of psychiatric intervention have tended to stress individual psychopathology. This chapter is included to question whether this emphasis on treatment of individual psychopathology is warranted and to specifically question whether there shouldn’t be more emphasis on the intervention in marital and family systems. My purpose is not to negate the importance of studying individual psychopathology but to suggest that it might be more profitable to think of mental disturbance as the result of individual liabilities reacting with social influences, particularly relationships with emotional intimates. Psychopathology conceptualized in this manner gives equal weight to individual and social systems levels of intervention.
Water condensation and transport on bioinspired triangular patterns with heterogeneous wettability at a low temperature

Desert beetles and cactus plants collect water from fog in arid regions. The desert beetle uses heterogeneous wettability to transport water to its mouth. A cactus uses conical spines which provide...