cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reference and Interpretive Ranges for α1-Antitrypsin Quantitation by Phenotype in Adult and Pediatric Populations

Laboratory evaluation of α(1)-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency involves measurement of circulating A1AT protein (quantitation) and characterization of A1AT genetic polymorphisms (phenotyping or genotyping). This study compared adult and pediatric A1AT reference ranges in patients with nondeficiency alleles and examined A1AT concentrations in multiple other phenotypes. A1AT phenotype and quantitation were retrospectively collected on adult (n = 21,444) and pediatric (n = 2,469) samples that were submitted for laboratory evaluation of A1AT deficiency. The 95% reference ranges for normal adult and pediatric populations with the M/M phenotype were determined to be 100 to 273 mg/dL (18.4-50.2 μmol/L) and 93 to 251 mg/dL (17.1-46.2 μmol/L), respectively (P < .0001). Decreased concentrations of A1AT correlated with heterozygosity and homozygosity for the S and Z alleles in both the adult and pediatric groups. Other rare alleles, such as I, were also associated with decreased concentrations of A1AT, particularly in the context of a Z allele, and may warrant monitoring for symptoms of deficiency.
Spiritual Journey from Childhood to Adolescence: Pathways to Strength and Healing

The research literature has pointed to spirituality as an inherent strength that can lead to positive developmental trajectories in children and adolescents. As such, an understanding of the process and context of spiritual development across the lifespan is important. The current conceptual article explores the literature with the aim of obtaining a holistic understanding of spiritual development from childhood to adolescence. How spiritual development from childhood to adolescence has been understood and studied, from stage models of spiritual development to an understanding of spirituality as an inherent component of all humans is addressed. The current article also explores cultural considerations and provides implications for social work practice and research.
Progress and Process in a Choreography Class: Addressing Formative and Summative Assessment Issues

The current educational climate promotes examination of the effectiveness of educators’ pedagogical practices based on student outcomes. Qualitative and quantitative data from summative evaluations...
A concurrent micromechanical model for predicting nonlinear viscoelastic responses of composites reinforced with solid spherical particles

Abstract A concurrent micromechanical model for predicting nonlinear viscoelastic responses of particle reinforced polymers is developed. Particles are in the form of solid spheres having micro-scale diameters. The composite microstructures are idealized by periodically distributed cubic particles in a matrix medium. Each particle is assumed to be fully surrounded by polymeric matrix such that contact between particles can be avoided. A representative volume element (RVE) is then defined by a single particle embedded in the cubic matrix. A spatial periodicity boundary condition is imposed to the RVE. One eighth unit-cell model with four particle and polymer subcells is generated due to the three-plane symmetry of the RVE. The solid spherical particle is modeled as a linear elastic material. The polymeric matrix follows nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of thermorheologically simple materials. The homogenized micromechanical relation is developed in terms of the average strains and stresses in the subcells and traction continuity and displacement compatibility at the subcells’ interfaces are imposed. A stress–strain correction scheme is also formulated to satisfy the linearized micromechanical and the nonlinear constitutive relations. The micromechanical model provides three-dimensional (3D) effective properties of homogeneous composite responses, while recognizing microstructural geometries and in situ material properties of the heterogeneous medium. The micromechanical formulation is designed to be compatible with general displacement based finite element (FE) analyses. Experimental data and analytical micromechanical models available in the literature are used to verify the capability of the above micromechanical model for predicting the overall composite behaviors. The proposed micromodel is also examined in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy.
Gastroduodenal Intussusception, Intermittent Biliary Obstruction and Biochemical Pancreatitis due to a Gastric Hyperplastic Polyp

We present the case of a 76-year-old man with gastroduodenal intussusception secondary to a gastric hyperplastic polyp. Intussusception in the adult population occurs infrequently. Our patient presented with gastroduodenal intussusception, which is very uncommon and accounts for <10% of all types of intussusception. This case is unique in that partial endoscopic resection of the gastric hyperplastic polyp resolved the patient’s gastroduodenal intussusception, biliary obstruction and biochemical pancreatitis without the need for surgical intervention. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
[Clinical-chemical ultramicromethods].

Es werden Probleme und Moglichkeiten bei Arbeiten im Grosenordnungsbereich von Mikrolitern (1 μl=0.001 ml) dargestellt und eine Grundausrustung beschrieben, welche es gestattet, klinisch-chemische Analysen ausgehend von kleinsten Probenmengen (5–20 μl) einfach, rasch und zuverlassig auszufuhren. Die Arbeitsweise von halbautomatischen Pipettenflaschen, einer Ultramikroburette, eines speziellen Spektro-Kolorimeters und anderer apparativer Hilfsmittel wird dargestellt.
Database management standards: status and applicability

Abstract This article presents the current status of existing and emerging ISO, ANSI, and FIPS standards for database management, specifically Database Languages NDL and SQL and Remote Database Access (RDA). It describes the general content of each standard and discusses its applicability, availability, completeness, maturity, stability, existing usage, and known limitations. Where appropriate, it also addresses the availability of conformance test suites and future plans for enhancements and follow-on standardization efforts.
Growth and development of the orbit

Every surgeon operating on the face, and particularly around the eye, should possess a working knowledge of the critical details related to development of the human orbit and recognized changes that occur during the course of aging. The anatomy of the orbit and periorbital region is complex, and the diagnosis and treatment of patients with orbital/periorbital disease requires expertise in congenital differences and awareness of the changes that occur as individuals age.
The Origin of the Superstructure in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ as Revealed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Real-space images with atomic resolution of the BiO plane of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ were obtained with a scanning tunneling microscope. Single-crystal samples were cleaved and imaged under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at room temperature. The images clearly show the one-dimensional incommensurate superstructure along the b -axis that is common to this phase. High-resolution images show the position of the Bi atoms, revealing the structural nature of the superlattice. A missing row of Bi atoms occurs either every nine or ten atomic sites in both (110) directions, accounting for the measured incommensurate periodicity of the superstructure. A model is proposed that includes missing rows of atoms, as well as displacements of the atomic positions along both the a - and c -axis directions.
Dissolution of β-MnOOH particles by ligands: pyrophosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and citrate

Abstract Experiments describing the extent of dissolution of β-MnOOH(s) suspensions vs. time using measurements of both total dissolved Mn and Mn(III) complex species show that the ligands pyrophosphate (P2O74−), ethyelenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA4−), and citrate (CIT3−), each in large excess with respect to solids concentration and estimated surface sites, promote dissolution by different mechanisms and at different rates. Pyrophosphate dissolution of β-MnOOH yields predominately the Mn(III)HP2O7(aq) complex. EDTA4− causes reductive dissolution, with no Mn(III) complexes of the ligand observed in solution. Citrate causes ligand-promoted dissolution in the initial stages of reaction, after which solution phase reactions bring about reduction of Mn(III)CIT(aq) to Mn(II) solution species. Rates of dissolution at circum-neutral pH show somewhat higher rates at lower pH. Initial rates of ligand-promoted dissolution, R0, by pyrophosphate were in the range ∼ 8 × 10−8 to 6 × 10−7 mol g−1 s−1 between pH 8 and 6.5. For reductive dissolution by EDTA, initial rates, R0, ranged from ∼ 8 × 10−7 to 2 × 10−6 mol g−1 s−1 between pH 8 and 7. At pH 6.3, initial dissolution rate with citrate was ∼ 6 × 10−6 mol g−1 s−1. Results of this exploratory study of MnOOH dissolution by ligands at circum-neutral pH suggest that manganese cycling in natural waters may involve loss of MnOOH particles promoted by naturally-occurring or pollutant ligands with formation of Mn(III) aqueous complexes.
LYMAN - The far ultraviolet explorer

The LYMAN FUSE mission concept for far ultraviolet astronomy is presented. The wavelength window from 100 to 1200 A provides access to a wide range of important scientific problems in cosmology, galactic structure, stellar evolution, and planetary magnetospheres, which cannot be studied in any other way. The LYMAN FUSE Phase A study is examining in detail mission operations, instrumentation technology, the construction of the instrument module, and the interfaces between the Instrument Module and the Explorer Platform Mission. Most of the mission observing time will be allotted through a competitive Guest Observer program analogous to that in operation for the IUE.
Microspectroscopy of single proliferating HeLa cells

Abstract Spectral differences between normal and abnormal tissue observed to date appear to be due to different averaging processes of spectral patterns that differ according to the cell's biochemistry, due to its state of maturation, differentiation, and development. Thus, disease perturbs the distribution of cells in the different stages of maturation, differentiation, and development. Previous FTIR microspectroscopic studies of normal versus neoplastic cells and tissues have demonstrated differences in the absorption intensities and band-shapes, particularly in the low frequency (1200–1000 cm −1 ) spectral region. In this study, we further investigated the spectral changes due to the drastic biochemical and morphological changes occurring as a consequence of cell proliferation.
Continuous 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) Infusion in Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Phase II Study

Sixteen patients with metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas were treated with continuous ambulatory 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) infusion (200-300 mg/m2/day) through a chronic indwelling central venous catheter. Twelve of sixteen patients (75%) had two or more sites of disease, and eleven of sixteen (69%) had liver metastases. Five patients had previous chemotherapy. Results: partial remission, 3/16 (19%); stable disease, 8/16 (50%); and progressive disease, 5/16 (31%). Improvement in ECOG performance status was observed in 2/3 responding and 6/8 stable disease patients, respectively. Toxicities included hand-foot syndrome, mucositis, diarrhea, and cerebellar ataxia, which required treatment interruption in 9/16 patients (56%). No myelosuppression or catheter related problems were seen. The authors conclude that continuous infusion 5FU is a potentially efficacious palliative therapy in the management of carcinoma of the pancreas.
Expression and crystallization of a soluble form of Drosophila fasciclin III.

A truncated form of Drosophila fasciclin III has bee engineered by site-directed mutagenesis. Secreted fasciclin III is expressed at 35 to 40 mg/l in insert cells with baculovirus carrying the recombinant gene. Single crystals of purified soluble fasciclin III have been grown by vapor diffusion versus polyethylene glycol 8000/sodium citrate at low pH. The space group is P6_122 or its enantiomorph P6_522, with unit cell dimensions ɑ = b = 140 A, c = 260 A. Cryo-preserved crystals diffract to reciprocal lattice spacing beyond 3·0 A.
Influence of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors over Nicotine Addiction and Withdrawal

Cigarette smoking represents an enormous, global public health threat. Nearly five million premature deaths during a single year are attributable to smoking. Despite the resounding message of risks associated with smoking and numerous public health initiatives, cigarette smoking remains the most common preventable cause of disease in the United States. Fortunately, even in an adult smoker, smoking cessation can reverse many of the potential harmful effects. The symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal represent the major obstacle to smoking cessation. This minireview examines the roles of various nicotinic receptors in the mechanisms of nicotine dependence, discusses the potential role of the habenula-interpeduncular nucleus axis in nicotine withdrawal, and highlights nicotinic receptors containing the β4 subunit as a potential pharmacological target for smoking cessation strategies.
The Net Radiation Budget of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area

Abstract Ground and aircraft measurements of the shortwave and longwave radiative components were taken to derive the daily evolution of net radiation, and each of its components, during cloudless summer days in the St. Louis metropolitan area (Project METROMEX). Distinct divisional patterns are seen in the reflected solar radiation, emitted radiation and net radiation between the urban and rural land use types. Solar noontime albedo values varied from 15–17% for rural land uses in contrast to 12–13% for most urban land uses. An extreme difference of 15 K in maximum infrared surface temperatures occurred between industrial and undeveloped land uses. These two land uses also exhibited extreme differences in net radiation. Generally, the change in reflected, emitted and net radiative components showed some correlation with the amount of vegetative coverage within each land use.
Defining "Science" in a Multicultural World: Implications for Science Education.

In today's schools there are often competing accounts of natural phenomena, especially when schools are located in multicultural communities. There are also competing claims about what counts as science. This article examines the definition of science put forward from multicultural perspectives in contrast to a universalist perspective on science; that is, the Standard Account. The article argues that good science explanations will always be universal even if indigenous knowledge is incorporated as scientific knowledge. What works best is still of interest to most, and although one may hate to use the word hegemony, Western science would co-opt and dominate indigenous knowledge if it were incorporated as science. Therefore, indigenous knowledge is better off as a different kind of knowledge that can be valued for its own merits, play a vital role in science education, and maintain a position of independence from which it can critique the practices of science and the Standard Account. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed85:50–67, 2001.
Improved method for field-scale measurement of ammonia volatilization.

Abstract We developed a new method for determination of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) emissions from land‐applied nitrogen (N). The new method is a modification of two proven passive flux methods, and is an improvement over these existing methods via reductions in cost, labor and analytical requirements. This new method involves use of one rotating mast placed in the center of a circular plot (15 m radius). The samplers we use are glass tubes (7 mm by 200 mm) that have been coated on the inside with oxalic acid to trap NH3. This new method was tested against one of the proven methods in a field experiment. A circular plot (15 m radius) was established and urea was applied to supply 200 kg N ha‐1. Measurements of NH3 volatilization were then made for six days after application. A strong linear relationship was evident between our new method and the reference method for both horizontal and vertical NH3 fluxes, as indicated by correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.86 for horizontal and vertical fluxes, respecti...
10th Anniversary Celebration UCLA Center for East–West Medicine East Meets West for Comprehensive Pain Management: Ka-Kit Hui, MD, Director December 6, 2003, 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m., Tom Bradley International Hall at UCLA.

There is a new journal! For this first issue of Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (eCAM), it is especially appropriate to focus on an event at UCLA because of its significant association to Dr Ka-Kit Hui and others are members of our Editorial Board. Patient care, and perhaps any spill over into basic research, is of great interest. We are pleased to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the UCLA Center for East–West Medicine. The program began with registration and a continental breakfast followed by a welcome address and introduction by Dr Ka-Kit Hui, and then a rather extensive introduction to traditional Chinese medicine and the emerging health paradigm of integrative East–West medicine. This was followed by a break to allow the delegates to network and then a prolonged interesting presentation: Integrative East–West Medicine—The Perspective of Patients and Their Families. This presentation was open—at times touching and a bit wrenching—as patients recounted their difficulties, followed by appreciation of the East–West Center for their treatment and well-being. Post lunch, there was an expert panel discussion on pain management from the perspectives of Western medicine, complementary/alternative medicine and East–West medicine. After another afternoon break, there were two prolonged workshops on pain management that included Tai Chi/Qi Gong; Acupressure/Tuina; Herbs and Nutrition; and Advances in Western Medicine. The workshops were led by Marc Brodsky, MD; Jie-Jia Li, Lac; Xiuling Ma, Lac; Tim Pan, MD; Bill Tu, MD; and Jun Liang Yu, Lac. The speakers included Dr Michael Ferrante (MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine and Anesthesiology) and Dr Alan Fogelman (MD, Executive Chair, Department of Medicine). Dr Fogelman's presentation was especially pertinent since it focused on the history of the East–West Center and expressed his willingness, interest and support to Dr Ka-Kit Hui and the East–West Center. Dr Lonnie Seltzer (MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Psychiatry) like Dr Hui, is also a member of the Editorial Board of eCAM. Towards the end, we had another break followed by special recognition and closing remarks by Dr Hui and others. It is worthwhile to consider a brief overview of the Center.
Inverse dielectric function of a lateral quantum wire superlattice parallel to the interface of a plasma-like semiconductor

The dynamic, nonlocal, and spatially inhomogeneous polarizability and dielectric function are discussed in this paper for a Coulomb-coupled system of a periodic lateral superlattice array of one-dimensional quantum wire plasmas in the vicinity of a semi-infinite bulk plasma. The space-time matrix inverse of the dielectric function, i.e., the dynamic, nonlocal, inhomogeneous screening function of this system, is determined analytically here in closed form solving a random-phase-approximation type integral equation in position representation. We treat both cases wherein the lateral quantum wire superlattice is outside the semi-infinite plasma as well as inside. We also determine the exact coupled plasmon dispersion relation for the combined system for both the ``outside'' and ``inside'' cases: in this, we examine the band and gap structure of the spectrum due to periodicity of the quantum wire superlattice in the first Brillouin zone as a function of reciprocal-lattice wave number $p$, and also as a function of wave vector ${q}_{x}$ along the wire direction of full translational invariance. Furthermore, we analyze the spectrum of the combined system as a function of the period of the superlattice, showing that the detailed variation of the band-structure spectrum and gaps reflects on the period of the superlattice, opening the possibility of using surface plasmon resonance as a mechanism for optical sensing of nanostructure geometry. We also determine the dependence of the spectrum on distance of the superlattice from the bounding surface of the semi-infinite plasma, for both outside and inside cases. In the outside case, we show that at large distances the surface plasmon decouples from the superlattice plasmon band, while for short distances the two are fully coupled. For the inside case, they are similarly fully coupled for short distances, but for large distances, the surface plasmon decouples while the wire-superlattice plasmon band couples to the bulk plasmon deep in the semi-infinite medium.
Beyond the (Gender) Bend: sexual, gender, and bodily transgression in film and culture

(1997). Beyond the (Gender) Bend: sexual, gender, and bodily transgression in film and culture. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 279-299.
SEVERE DECLINE IN PLATELET COUNT IN PATIENTS TREATED BY PERCUTANEOUS AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH IN-HOSPITAL DEATH RATE

The possible association between a decrease in platelet count (DPC) and clinical outcome in patients treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unknown. The analysis included 143 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR of Edwards SAPIEN valves (78.4p using transfemoral access
An update to what's burning in home fires

This article is an update on the items that are first ignited in home fires and it examines the extent of their involvement in associated deaths, injuries and property loss. It will be limited to forms of material that are considered products. Trash, for example, is involved in a large portion of home fires, but is not a product in the home and therefore is not included. Also excluded are building materials such as structural components and exterior wall coverings. This exclusion is important, because many building items rank high in the overall list of materials first ignited, but are not considered consumer products. Further detail will be given to the top ten leading products associated with home fires and home fire deaths.
METOCLOPRAMIDE IS METABOLIZED BY CYP2D6 AND IS A REVERSIBLE INHIBITOR, BUT NOT INACTIVATOR, OF CYP2D6

Abstract1. Metoclopramide is a widely used clinical drug in a variety of medical settings with rare acute dystonic events reported. The aim of this study was to assess a previous report of inactivation of CYP2D6 by metoclopramide, to determine the contribution of various CYPs to metoclopramide metabolism, and to identify the mono-oxygenated products of metoclopramide metabolism.2. Metoclopramide interacted with CYP2D6 with Type I binding and a Ks value of 9.56 ± 1.09 µM. CYP2D6 was the major metabolizer of metoclopramide and the two major products were N-deethylation of the diethyl amine and N-hydroxylation on the phenyl ring amine. CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 also metabolized metoclopramide.3. While reversible inhibition of CYP2D6 was noted, CYP2D6 inactivation by metoclopramide was not observed under conditions of varying concentration or varying time using SupersomesTM or pooled human liver microsomes.4. The major metabolites of metoclopramide were N-hydroxylation and N-deethylation formed most effici...
Ab initio calculations of tetrahedral hydrogenated buckminsterfullerene

Abstract The equilibrium geometries and relative stabilities of C 60 H 12 n ( n =1–5) molecules in T h symmetry are studied at the Hartree—Fock level of theory employing basis sets of double-zeta quality. Hydrogens were allowed to attach to carbon atoms both from the outside (exo-hydrogenation) and the inside (endo-hydrogenation) of the C 60 cage. In the totally exo-hydrogenated case, it is found that C 60 H 36 and C 60 H 48 are the most stable molecules in the C 60 H 12 n series. For C 60 H 60 only, a lower energy isomer is found when 12 H atoms are placed inside the C 60 cage. The total energy of this form of C 60 H 60 is much lower than that of the previously predicted I h structure, although it may not be easily accessible due to a large barrier for H penetration of C 60 .
Fluorescence photon migration by the boundary element method

The use of the boundary element method (BEM) is explored as an alternative to the finite element method (FEM) solution methodology for the elliptic equations used to model the generation and transport of fluorescent light in highly scattering media, without the need for an internal volume mesh. The method is appropriate for domains where it is reasonable to assume the fluorescent properties are regionally homogeneous, such as when using highly specific molecularly targeted fluorescent contrast agents in biological tissues. In comparison to analytical results on a homogeneous sphere, BEM predictions of complex emission fluence are shown to be more accurate and stable than those of the FEM. Emission fluence predictions made with the BEM using a 708-node mesh, with roughly double the inter-node spacing of boundary nodes as in a 6956-node FEM mesh, match experimental frequency-domain fluorescence emission measurements acquired on a 1087cm^3 breast-mimicking phantom at least as well as those of the FEM, but require only 1/8 to 1/2 the computation time.
Modeling Near-Shore Waves, Surface Rollers, and Undertow Velocity Profiles

This paper presents a theoretical model for the prediction of near-shore hydrodynamics in the surf zone along long straight beaches. The waves may be periodic or narrow-banded random waves, and the beach profile may be plane or barred. The theoretical model consists of three components: wave model, surface roller model, and near-shore mean current model. Both wave and surface roller models are based on simple energy balance equations and all the variables applied for the current model are determined in terms of wave energies. The near-shore mean current model consists of two-layer 2DH momentum equations, integrated above the wave trough level and over the entire depth, which determine mean shear stresses at the trough level and on the bottom, respectively. Coupled with a simple turbulent eddy viscosity model, analytical solutions are obtained for the vertical mean shear current profiles. The bottom boundary condition is specified by a wave–current bottom boundary layer model requiring knowledge of the equ...
Speech anxiety affects how people prepare speeches: A protocol analysis of the preparation processes of speakers

Why does public speaking anxiety lead people to present speeches of judged lower quality? Prior research suggests a number of variables that might detrimentally affect the performance of highly anxious speakers when they present speeches. But does speech anxiety affect only presentation behavior, or does it also affect the ways in which people prepare their speeches? Measures of public speaking anxiety, and most texts focusing on presentational speaking, assume that the anxiety's effect is limited to performance. In the current study we examine this notion. Using a number of variables drawn from a conceptual model of the speech preparation process, we first find that the way people go about preparing their speeches is meaningfully associated with the quality of their presentation. Second, we discover that public speaking anxiety is significantly related to how people prepare speeches. People with high levels of speech anxiety engage in a variety of preparation actions that may limit the effectiveness of t...
Ennancement of DMN-induced Kidnex Tumors by 1,2–Dichlorovinylcysteine in Swiss-Webster Mice

ABSTRACT1,2–Dichlorovinylcysteine (DCVC) is known to cause enlarged nuclei in renal proximal tubule epithelium. This study further characterized the cellular changes induced by DCVC. Also a preliminary investigation of the initiator and promoter potential of DCVC was conducted. When given for 4 weeks in drinking water to S-wiss-Webster mice, DCVC (50 or 100 μg/ml) caused a progressive change in renal epithelia which was persistent at 23 weeks. Enlarged nuclei with uneven chromatin dispersal, multiple nucleoli, and irregular nuclear membranes resided in enlarged, abnormally-shaped cells. These changes were resolved by week 50. Mice initiated with dimethylnitrosamine developed renal tumors by week 27. Mice fed DCVC (10 or 50,μg/ml) for 14 weeks following dimethylnitrosamine initiation, had a slightly higher tumor incidence, a higher incidence of invasive tumors, and had multiple renal tumors unlike animals given dimethylnitrosamine alone.
Metabolic changes in patientsundergoing right colon continent urinary pouch diversion

Abstract The concept of continent urinary diversion is undergoing reevaluation now that a stable continent valve can be produced with certainty. The right colon pouch consists of the distal 6 inches of the terminal ileum, the cecum, ascending colon, and proximal third of the transverse colon, and has a volume of up to 1,200 mL. The present study investigates the electrolyte changes that occur when urine is held in the pouch for increasing lengths of time. No significant changes in serum electrolytes occurred with catheterization intervals up to six hours in a group of patients that were studied for an excess o f six months.
Electrocatalyst coatings for oxidations of alcohols based on anodic electrodeposition from solutions of Ru(OH2)62

Abstract Anodic oxidation of Ru(OH 2 ) 6 2+ at potentials where the oxidation proceeds beyond Ru(OH 2 ) 6 3+ leads to the deposition of adherent coatings on the electrode surface. The deposit, believed to be a ruthenium oxide-hydroxide, exhibits pronounced electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of alcohols. Electrocatalytically active material was also prepared within Nafion® coatings on electrodes by anodic oxidation of Ru(OH 2 ) 6 2+ incorporated into the coatings. The product of the oxidation in Nafion® appears to be Ru 4 (OH) 12 4+ . Procedures for formation of catalyst coatings and their characterization by both spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements are presented.
The Impact of Thermal Fatigue and Other Design Limits on Pulsed Commercial Tokamak Reactor Design

Methods of analysis for fusion first-wall design are developed. Several design limits have been evaluated and combined to present tradeoffs in the form of design windows. These considerations include limits related to thermal fatigue, primary membrane strength, displacement under loading, ratcheting, radiation damage, and plasma-wall interactions. Special emphasis is placed on the investigation of thermal fatigue using a two-dimensional treatment of a tubular first-wall configuration. The work is motivated by the proposal of the Ultra Long Pulse Commercial Reactor (ULTR), a machine capable of delivering plasma burn pulses of up to 24 hr in length. The present work looks in detail at the impact of pertinent characteristics of the first-wall design, such as pulse length, coolant pressure, first-wall thickness, and first-wall lifetime on the structural effects considered. Computer programs are developed and are used to consider several major structural effects on a cylindrical first-wall element for both 316 stainless steel and vanadium alloy. Results indicate that short pulse lengths (greater than a few minutes) can be tolerated in tokamak operation. For stainless steel this is true for heat depositions up to 1 MW/m2, while vanadium can tolerate heat depositions as high as 2 MW/m2. Long pulse operation can be used to increase modestly the allowable heat deposition or to increase useful wall thickness by 1–2 mm. It appears that irradiation swelling and embrittlement, not fatigue, ultimately limits the first-wall design.
1H-NMR study of the mechanism of assembly and equilibrium heme orientation of sperm whale myoglobin reconstituted with protohemin type-isomers.

Abstract The products of the incorporation of various protohemin type-isomers into the heme pocket of sperm whale myoglobin were investigated by 1 H-NMR in the met-cyano complexes, both immediately after reconstitution as well as at equilibrium. The type-isomers studied include those involving all possible interchanges of the two substituents on a given pyrrole. The protohemin-III and -XIII isomers, with true 2-fold symmetry, yielded only homogeneous products. Protohemins-XI, -XIV both exhibited two species after reconstitution, with one disappearing with time. Protohemin-I was the only asymmetric hemin that failed to exhibit two isomers initially. The orientation of the hemin within the pocket was established by nuclear Overhauser detected dipolar connectivities among heme substituents and between heme substituents and assigned heme pocket residues. At equilibrium, the heme orientations were dominated by the asymmetric propionate rather than vinyl dispositions on the hemin, with a clear preference for placing a propionate at the 8- vs. 5-methyl position of native myoglobin. For protohemin-XI, the propionates were found in the unexpected positions of the 7-propionate and 2-vinyl groups of native myoglobin, indicating that propionates can occupy positions well within the hydrophobic interior. The alternate heme orientation for the metastable intermediates detected for protohemin-XI and -XIV involved rotational isomerism about the α,γ- meso axes bisecting the vinyl positions, but these two axes are at right angles to each other in the protein matrix. The fact that protohemin-XIV, but not protohemin-I, exhibits a reversed orientation as a reconstitution intermediate provides direct evidence that vinyl contacts, as well as propionate links, modulate the relative stabilities of the initial encounter complexes between hemin and apomyoglobin. The heme cavity molecular/electronic structure was found largely unperturbed for the complexes of the various protohemin type-isomers.
Developing a Measure That Captures Elderly’s Well-Being in Local Marketplace Transactions

The goal of this study is to report on the development of a measure designed to capture elderly satisfaction with local retail establishments. The measure is based on the notion that elderly consumers experience well-being with retail institutions in purchasing food, housing, household operations, household furnishings, clothing and accessories, personal care, medical care, recreation, transportation, and education. Two-hundred and forty-nine (N = 249) elderly consumers were surveyed to demonstrate the validity of this measure. Specifically, it was hypothesized that satisfaction with retail establishments in one’s community contributes to overall life satisfaction. The data supported the validity of the measure.
Religion on the internet : research prospects and promises

Introduction. The promised land or electronic chaos? Toward understanding religion on the internet (J.K. Hadden, D.E. Cowan). Internet Research: Studying Religion on the Web. Researching religion in cyberspace: issues and strategies from the sociology of the internet (L.L. Dawson). Religious ethnography on the world wide web (W.S. Bainbridge). Doing research and teaching with the American religion data archive: initial efforts to democratize access to data (R. Finke et al.). Religion, rhetoric and scholarship: managing vested interest in e-space (D.E. Cowan). Internet Faith: Religions in Cyberspace. Surfing Islam: ayatollahs, shayks and hajjs on the superhighway (G.R. Bunt). Toward understanding how religious organizations use the internet (S. Horsfall). Dispatches from the electronic frontier: explorations of mainline Protestant use of the internet (K. Bedell). Online-religion/religion-online: virtual communities (C. Helland). On-line ethnography of dipensationalist discourse: revealed versus negotiated truth (R.G. Howard). Webs of Deceit: Religious Propaganda on the Net. New religious movements and the internet: the new frontier of cult controversies (J.-F. Mayer). "So many evil things": anticult terrorism via the internet (M. Introvigne). Internet Teaching: Pedagogy and the World Wide Web. Evolution of a religious web site devoted to tolerance (B.A. Robinson). Mapping a "cyberlimen": a test case for the use of electronic discussion boards in religious studies classes (J.M. Robinson). A history of the religious movements homepage project at the University of Virginia (J.K. Hadden). List of contributors and contact information. Biographical information on the authors.
The monomolecular thermotropic phase behavior of 17-Methyl-octadecanoic acid at the air/water interface

Abstract The thermotropic phase behavior of monomolecular films of the methyl iso-branched fatty acid, 17-methyl-octadecanoic acid, over the temperature range 11.3 to 37.9°C has been studied using a variety of techniques. A comparison with the behavior of three straight-chain acids (tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids) in both condensed and expanded states is made. While phase transitions between the condensed states of straight-chain fatty acids show little evidence of changing hydrogen bonding, those of 17-methyl-octadecanoic acid do. Observations from compressional isotherms, from viscosity studies, and from ATR FTIR studies of Langmuir-Blodgett-deposited monolayers in the range 11 to 27°C indicate a more expanded rigid condensed state (C1) and one which is more condensed but fluid (C11). These data are explained in terms of a model where the C1 state is postulated to be more hydrogen bonded due to an increase in the close-packed areas/molecule of the acid by methyl iso-branching. Internal energies for the C1/C11 transition, however, indicate that the degree of hydrogen bonding is much less than the one hydrogen bond/molecule theoritically possible. The liquid-expanded states of 17-methyl-octadecanoic acid, somewhat surprisingly, are less expanded than those of the corresponding straight-chain acids. Coupled with the more expanded condensed states the expanded/condensed transition is much smaller than that for straight-chain acids and iso-branched acids go from a fully condensed to a fully expanded state over a much smaller temperature span.
Skeletal muscle ventricles: update after 18 months in circulation.

: Skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) have been constructed from canine latissimus dorsi muscle and connected to the aorta as aortic diastolic counterpulsators. Presently one dog remains alive and well with an SMV that has been functioning continuously in circulation for 18 months, without evidence of thromboembolic complications. SMVs are able to perform cardiac–type work with an output equal to that of the left ventricle at physiologic preloads, when tested with a mock circulation device in our laboratory. SMVs have been used for right sided cardiac assist. In acute experiments these ventricles have functioned effectively, bypassing the right side of the heart for up to 8 h. Most recently we have tested SMVs using them chronically to pump blood in the right–sided circulation, and at the time of writing they have been shown to function effectively in this configuration for up to 18 days. SMVs may be used in the future as a method of treating patients with left– or right–sided heart failure.
Dynamic Wetting of Filaments in Solutions

Measurements of a velocity which is characteristic of the dynamic wetting behavior of a filament entering vertically into a liquid bath have been made for nylon 66 and polypropylene filaments in a variety of solutions. This velocity, the "rise-canceling velocity," is the linear rate of movement of the filament at which the dynamic contact angle is increased to 90°. The hydrodynamic and surface properties of the solutions were varied by changing the nature of the solvent and solute, the temperature, the concentration, and the molecular weight of the solute. The rise-canceling velocity is controlled by surface interactions when the surface tension of the solution is well above the critical surface tension of the polymer. When liquids show complete wettability, the rise-canceling velocity reflects changes in the viscosity of the liquid. Intermediate situations exist in which both factors appear to be influencing this aspect of dynamic wetting.
Rollout Plan for Training and Education in Enterprise Information Systems

In this article, we propose a rollout plan for training students and employees about enterprise information systems (EIS) that are encountered in an organization. Our rollout plan follows the different stages of a typical EIS project from inception to completion. These stages are modeling, planning, simulation, transaction, integration, and control. This ensures that an employee who is trained by this plan has an acquaintance with the typical information systems in an organization. Further, for training and research purposes we developed prototype information systems that emulate the ones usually found in organizations. In this article, we discuss some of the case studies we conducted with the prototype systems.
Inhibition of human experimental prostate cancers by a targeted cytotoxic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog AN-207

BACKGROUND Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) on human prostate cancers can be used for targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic analogs of LHRH, such as AN-207, which consists of superactive doxorubicin derivative 2-pyrrolino doxorubicin (AN-201) linked to carrier [d-Lys6] LHRH. METHODS The effects of AN-207 and AN-201 were investigated in DU-145 androgen independent and LuCaP-35 androgen sensitive human prostate cancers xenografted into nude mice. Toxicity was evaluated by survival rates, changes in body weights, and leukocyte counts. LHRH receptors on DU-145 and LuCaP-35 tumors were evaluated by radioreceptor assays and RT-PCR. The effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation were investigated by histology and evaluation of apoptotic oncogenes Bcl-2 and Bax by Western Blot analysis. RESULTS AN-207 inhibited growth of DU-145 tumors significantly by 75% (P < 0.01) and LuCaP-35 human prostate cancers by 80% (P < 0.01), and was less toxic than AN-201. Receptors for LHRH were expressed on DU-145 and LuCaP-35 tumors. Blockade of LHRH receptors with LHRH agonist Triptorelin nullified the effects of AN-207. Treatment with AN-207, but not with AN-201, decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio in DU-145 tumors and Bcl-2 in LuCaP-35 tumors indicating an increase in apoptotic activity. AN-207, but not AN-201, decreased cell proliferation in both models. CONCLUSIONS Targeted chemotherapy with AN-207 could be considered for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Surgical Management of Rhinosinusitis

Rhinosinusitis, an inflammatory disease involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, affects millions of individuals and its costs run into the billions of dollars. The development of rigid nasal telescopes has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Recent endoscopic evaluations have identified certain key areas within the nasal cavity that, when inflamed, lead to sinus ostial obstruction and subsequent sinus infection. The telescope's increased visualization capabilities permits the physician to better target and individualize patient care and the techniques that have grown out of this new tool allow for a more physiologic approach to surgical treatment. The pathophysiology of rhinosinusitis and its medical treatments are considered. Indications for surgical management are reviewed, with attention to nontraditional or extended applications of endoscopic techniques. Preoperative evaluation, including nasal endoscopy and radiographic imaging, as well as surgical technique and postoperative care are discussed. Evaluation of outcomes from surgical treatment in appropriately selected patients have demonstrated the success of this technique.
An Optimization Approach/Technique for Solving Graph Based Design Problems

This paper discusses a new topological optimization technique to solve graph based engineering design problems by decoupling parameters and topology changes. Using this approach optimal solutions are synthesized in the form of graph topologies for engineering problems. Currently we have successfully applied it to routing problems, resistive networks, neural networks, and sheet metal. This final problem has proven the most challenging but the results are not only novel and manufacturable but also satisfy multiple objective functions such as material cost and manufacturability. This paper presents Topological and Parametric Tune and Prune (TP2 ) as the first topology optimization method that has been developed specifically for domains representable by a graph grammar schema. The method is stochastic and incorporates distinct phases for modifying the topologies and modifying parameters stored within topologies. Thus far, with the problems that been tested, (TP2 ) had proven better than genetic algorithm in terms of the quality of solutions and time taken to acquire them.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Period, index and potential, III

In this paper we advance the theory of O’Neil’s period-index obstruction map and derive consequences for the arithmetic of genus one curves over global fields. Our first result implies that for every pair of positive integers (P, I) with P | I | P 2, there exists a number field K and a genus one curve C/K with period P and index I. Second, let E/K be any elliptic curve over a global field K, and let P > 1 be any integer indivisible by the characteristic of K. We construct infinitely many genus one curves C/K with period P , index P 2, and Jacobian E. We deduce strong consequences on the structure of Shafarevich-Tate groups under field extension.
Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance and the Immunocompromised Host

Infections caused by gram-positive bacteria have become the most important cause of infectious morbidity among some groups of immunocompromised patients over the last decade. Among the gram-positive bacteria, the emerging problems of resistance to antimicrobial agents include the development of resistance to β-lactam and aminoglycoside drugs among the enterococci, making synergistic bactericidal therapy impossible; the continued spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococci; resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin among enterococci and staphylococci; the emergence of intrinsically vancomycin-resistant species as important pathogens; and resistance to the fluoroquinolones. It is unlikely that new therapeutic classes of antibacterial drugs will be released this decade
Mechanisms of toughening brittle polymers

Abstract Heavily cross-linked thermosetting polymers such as epoxies and certain flexible chain thermoplastic polymers which undergo crazing show brittle behavior in tension but can undergo quite significant plastic deformation in compression. The cause of the tensile brittleness of the former is a relatively low fracture toughness, while that of the latter results from premature fracture, precipitated in craze matter, due to acquisition of ill-adhering inorganic particulate inclusions of larger than micron size by the crazes during their growth. Both types of polymers can be effectively toughened. A particularly attractive mechanism of toughening the epoxies is by a crack-trapping process through the use of a well-adhering set of tough fibers which force the brittle crack to bow around the fibers. A very effective technique to toughen the brittle crazable polymers is to decrease the craze flow stress below the critical threshold strength defined by the size of the inclusions. This is accomplished by a novel mechanism of prepackaged, stress-activated diluents that plasticize the polymer on demand during crazing. Examples of these two mechanisms are presented.