cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calorimetric biosensors with integrated microfluidic channels.

A microfluidic device capable of measuring real-time enthalpy changes of biochemical reactions and thermal properties of biological fluids is presented in this paper. The device consists of a freestanding microthermopile integrated with a glass microfluidic reaction chamber. The p-type polysilicon/gold microthermopiles fabricated on a 2 μm thick thermally isolated membrane showed a sensitivity of 0.94 V/W and a thermal time constant of less than 100 ms. Although the device is not restricted to enzymatic reactions, in this paper measurements of the heat of reaction from the catalytic action of glucose oxidase, catalase, and urease on glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and urea, respectively, are reported. Reactions were performed in open air using liquid batch testing and in enclosed fluidic reaction chamber by continuous flow experiments. A sensitivity of 53.5 μV/M for glucose, 26.5 μV/M for hydrogen peroxide and 17 μV/M for urea was obtained. Detection limit for glucose in the continuous flow mode is ∼2 mM (30 pmol). The aim of this work is to demonstrate the potential of the integrated calorimetric microfluidic device for fundamental thermodynamic studies in biochemical reactions. Using arrays of such devices with immobilized enzymes multi-analyte detection can be accomplished and the effects of interferents from competing substrates can be compensated. This paper presents the design, fabrication and initial testing results from such a microthermopile-based thermal biosensor.
Theory of brightness and color contrast in human vision.

Abstract A theory of induced opponent responses is developed to account for perceived brightness and colour contrast effects. Generalizations from classical contrast experiments are analysed in terms of induced chromatic and achromatic response theory. Functional relations derived from the theoretical statements are compared with experimental data sampled from a variety of matching, scaling and discrimination experiments.
Partial pair correlation functions of La1−x(AlGaAu)x metallic glasses from x-ray diffraction data

Abstract X-ray diffraction studies of La1−xAlx, La1−x(Al0.5Ga0.5x, La1−xGax and La1−xAux metallic glasses have been performed for x = 0.20, 0.24 and 0.28. Similarities in the radial distribution functions for these materials as well as other data suggest that these alloys are isostructural. Experimental data from different alloys have therefore been used to separate the three different pair distribution functions, which are then compared to dense random packing models and data for other metallic glasses.
Fluoxetine versus phenelzine in atypical depression

A study was conducted to compare the relative efficacy of fluoxetine and phenelzine in patients with mood-reactive atypical depression. Forty-two patients with atypical depression by the Columbia criteria were studied in a randomized, double-blind treatment study. Following a single-blind placebo lead-in, patients received fluoxetine 20–60 mg/day or phenelzine 45–90 mg/day for 6 weeks. Efficacy was measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression (Severity and Improvement) scales, and the Patient Global Impression (Improvement) scale. Of 42 patients randomized, 2 patients never received drugs and 2 phenelzine-treated patients dropped out prior to completion; the remainder completed the 6 weeks of the study. The rates of treatment response did not differ between groups. With a few exceptions (e.g., tremor), phenelzine produced more frequent adverse effects than fluoxetine. It was concluded that fluoxetine is as effective as phenelzine in the treatment of atypical depression, but produces fewer adverse effects and is better tolerated.
Estimating treatment effect in the presence of non-compliance measured with error: precision and robustness of data analysis methods.

Non-compliance with the nominal prescribed dosage causes unintended variability in actual drug exposure during clinical trials. In the ideal case that compliance is not a confounder, and it is known—hence actual dosage is known—true dose–response can be validly estimated. Measuring compliance presents a challenge, however. A simulation study of the case that dosage history questionnaires (CQ—usually over-optimistic estimates of actual compliance) are available in all subjects enrolled in a clinical trial, but accurate compliance measurements (C—e.g. from electronic medication event monitors), are only available in a (random) fraction of subjects is reported. It reveals that a ‘Maximum Penalized Marginal Likelihood’ (MPML) method which uses all compliance data, effectively calibrating CQ to C, is superior to other methods which use only one compliance measure, or both, or neither (neither = ITT, intention to treat, which assumes actual dosage equals nominal dosage), but do not calibrate. MPML yields the most precise estimates of dose–response over widely varying clinical trial designs, extremes in quality and quantity of compliance information, and a range of drug effect sizes. It is most beneficial when compliance data are sparse and maintains good performance even when its key assumptions are somewhat violated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factorizations of Cauchy matrices

The development of fast algorithms for the solution of linear systems of equations with a Cauchy matrix has recently received considerable attention. Several of these algorithms factor a Cauchy matrix or its inverse into triangular and possibly diagonal matrices. The numerical properties of the factorization methods depend on the selection of pivots. This note presents elementary derivations of some factorization methods and describes a new strategy for searching both rows and columns for suitable pivots.
Topical treatment of recurrent vaginal melanoma in situ with imiquimod: A case report

► Vaginal melanoma in situ is a rare neoplasm with a paucity of data regarding the optimal management. ► More conservative approaches are needed to avoid the disfigurement, pain and postoperative complications associated with repeated surgical interventions. ► Imiquimod may prove to be a useful treatment modality for patients with vulvar or vaginal melanoma in situ.
Temporal response of the thermal boundary resistance in superfluid helium

We report measurements of the thermal response {Delta}{ital T}({omega}) across a layer (height {ital d}) of superfluid helium to an ac heat flux, {ital Q}({ital t})={ital Q}{sub 0}{ital e}{sup {ital i}{omega}{ital t}}. In this case {Delta}{ital T}({omega}) yields the boundary resistance, {ital R}{sub {ital b}}. Measurements show a peak in {Delta}{ital T}({omega}) in the same temperature regime as the anomalous dc boundary resistance. The peak frequency and amplitude depend on {ital T} and {ital Q}{sub 0}, but not {ital d}. The range of {ital d} was 0{le}{ital d}{le}3 mm. The sample has a nominal {sup 3}He concentration of {ital X}=2{times}10{sup {minus}7}.
Iatrogenic Airway Stenosis With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

Objective To describe the presentation of, factors contributing to, and treatment of iatrogenic airway stenosis (IAS) associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Design Retrospective case series. Setting Pediatric tertiary care center. Patients The charts of patients treated for RRP in our institution from 1980 to 1995 (N=50) were reviewed. Seven patients were identified as having IAS based on endoscopic findings. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence and types of IAS within our RRP patient population, methods used to treat IAS, and successful treatment of IAS. Results Of the 7 patients identified, 3 had isolated posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) and 1 had isolated subglottic stenosis. The other 3 had multiple areas of IAS as follows: PGS with bronchial stenosis, supraglottic stenosis with PGS, and tracheomalacia with tracheal stenosis from a suprastomal granuloma. The factors associated with IAS were extensive papilloma growth in the posterior glottis, prolonged periods of frequent laryngoscopies, and the use of nonstandard therapies, which in our series included topical podophyllum resin or photodynamic therapy. Six patients, all of whom had tracheal RRP at some point in their disease process, required tracheotomy. Five patients required laryngotracheal reconstruction. Laryngotracheal reconstruction permitted decannulation in all cases. Tracheal papillomas became sessile and nonobstructive after decannulation. Laryngotracheal reconstruction with rib grafting was most frequently performed. Of our 50 patients, none who did not have IAS required a tracheotomy. Of the 44 patients who did not require a tracheotomy, only 1 had tracheal papillomas. Conclusions Occasionally, therapy for RRP is complicated by IAS. In our series, PGS was most common. Tracheotomy was associated with the presence of both IAS and distal RRP. In selected cases, laryngotracheal reconstruction can be successfully accomplished when RRP is present, and subsequent regression of tracheal RRP is likely.
Distributed Web-supported radiology clerkship for the required clinical clerkship year of medical school: development, implementation, and evaluation.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to develop, implement, and evaluate a new radiology clerkship for the required clinical clerkship year of medical school. Materials and Methods A mandatory radiology clerkship experience was added to the required clinical clerkships as a series of 10 independent half-day teaching sessions. These sessions were distributed as one session per existing clerkship throughout the year. To provide continuity and organization, Web-based curriculum materials were designed and implemented as a component of the radiology clerkship. The new clerkship was evaluated with observations, pretest and posttest measures with a control group, structured and unstructured student and faculty surveys, and individual and small group interviews. Results The clerkship was successfully developed and implemented. Ninety-five students have completed the clerkship. Their mean posttest score (84.8) was significantly higher than their mean pretest score (58.8, P P Conclusion A radiology clerkship distributed among existing clerkships is feasible but has many disadvantages. Students greatly prefer live instruction, and Web-based educational materials are more valuable to faculty and administrators than to students.
Le Logos, la Faute et les Styles: Orthodoxie et Langage au XVIIe Siècle

Les modeles de comprehension textuelle traditionnels sont bases sur un shema idealiste de bonne communication. De telles lectures du roman realiste aboutissaient souvent a opposer Stendhal et Balzac dans leur facon d'entrer en contact avec leur lecteur. L'A. propose ici un modele tenant compte des differentes possiblites d'incomprehension ou de mauvaise interpretation chez ces deux auteurs, en comparant essentiellement Madame Bovary avec Modeste Mignon et La Cousine Bette
Symbolic Dynamics for the Hénon–Heiles Hamiltonian on the Critical Level

Abstract We present a computer assisted proof of the existence of a rich symbolic dynamic structure for the Henon–Heiles Hamiltonian system at the critical energy E =1/6.
CANDIDATE IMAGE EVALUATIONS: Influence and Rationalization in Presidential Primaries

This research attempts to distinguish image voting, the influence of the voter's assessment of the candidates' personal qualities on the vote, from image rationalization, the influence of the vote ...
Analysis of failed and complicated laparoscopy on a gynecologic oncology service.

Abstract Objective. To assess the incidence of and factors that predict failed or complicated operative laparoscopy on a gynecologic oncology service. Methods. Two hundred four consecutive operative laparoscopies were reviewed. Procedures converted to laparotomy or associated with major operative or postoperative complications were compared with uncomplicated laparoscopies with respect to patient characteristics, details of operative procedure, and length of hospitalization. The influence of patient characteristics, operative findings, and specific procedures on the risk of failed or complicated laparoscopies was estimated. Results. Twenty-five (12.3%) procedures were either converted to laparotomy or associated with major operative or postoperative complications. Women with failed or complicated laparoscopies had significantly more previous laparotomies and adhesions, greater blood loss, and longer hospital stay than those with uncomplicated laparoscopies (60.0% vs 35.7%, P = 0.03, 68.0% vs 37.4%, P P = 0.03; and 5.9 days vs 0.98 days, P P = 0.03, Conclusions. The incidence of failed and complicated laparoscopy is low on a gynecologic oncology service. Presence of adhesions is the only significant independent risk factor predictive of failed or complicated laparoscopy.
Comparative Genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Reveals Substantial Differences in Metabolic and Virulence Potential

Background Gardnerella vaginalis is described as a common vaginal bacterial species whose presence correlates strongly with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Here we report the genome sequencing and comparative analyses of three strains of G. vaginalis. Strains 317 (ATCC 14019) and 594 (ATCC 14018) were isolated from the vaginal tracts of women with symptomatic BV, while Strain 409-05 was isolated from a healthy, asymptomatic individual with a Nugent score of 9. Principal Findings Substantial genomic rearrangement and heterogeneity were observed that appeared to have resulted from both mobile elements and substantial lateral gene transfer. These genomic differences translated to differences in metabolic potential. All strains are equipped with significant virulence potential, including genes encoding the previously described vaginolysin, pili for cytoadhesion, EPS biosynthetic genes for biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance systems, We also observed systems promoting multi-drug and lantibiotic extrusion. All G. vaginalis strains possess a large number of genes that may enhance their ability to compete with and exclude other vaginal colonists. These include up to six toxin-antitoxin systems and up to nine additional antitoxins lacking cognate toxins, several of which are clustered within each genome. All strains encode bacteriocidal toxins, including two lysozyme-like toxins produced uniquely by strain 409-05. Interestingly, the BV isolates encode numerous proteins not found in strain 409-05 that likely increase their pathogenic potential. These include enzymes enabling mucin degradation, a trait previously described to strongly correlate with BV, although commonly attributed to non-G. vaginalis species. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicate that all three strains are able to thrive in vaginal environments, and therein the BV isolates are capable of occupying a niche that is unique from 409-05. Each strain has significant virulence potential, although genomic and metabolic differences, such as the ability to degrade mucin, indicate that the detection of G. vaginalis in the vaginal tract provides only partial information on the physiological potential of the organism.
Effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on newly synthesized proteins in mouse epidermis.

Abstract We have analyzed the effects of treatment of mouse epidermis with the potent tumor promoter TPA on the profile of newly synthesized proteins. TPA was applied to the skin of the intact mouse, and either 3 or 24 hr later skin fragments were pulse-labeled in vitro with 35 S-methionine for 4 hr. The epidermal proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Over 200 individual proteins were resolved in acidic gels. At least 10 of these showed major (by a factor of 5 or more) increases or decreases in response to TPA; eight of these appear to be keratin proteins. Two-dimensional gel profiles of basic proteins synthesized by mouse epidermis resolved over 100 individual proteins. Only one of these showed a significant change in response to TPA. This 41 kd protein increased more than 100-fold within 24 hr after the application of TPA. Treatment of mouse skin with mezerein, a plant diterpene structurally related to TPA, produces an almost identical change in the pattern of proteins produced. Four agents that induce hyperplasia but are not potent tumor promoters, ethylphenylpropiolate, acetic acid, turpentine oil and the Ca ++ ionophore A23187, modulate the synthesis of only three of the keratin proteins. Thus the changes in protein profiles induced by TPA and mezerein are not simply the consequence of hyperplasia. In addition, application to mouse skin of a glucocorticoid that is a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion inhibits most of the changes in protein profiles induced by TPA. Taken together, these results indicate that TPA and mezerein induce early and marked changes in the profile of specific epidermal proteins. It seems likely that some of these changes are directly related to the process of tumor promotion.
Hyper-spectral imaging with volume holographic lenses

We present a hyper-spectral imaging system with volume holographic lenses. The Bragg selectivity of the volume holographic lenses enables the system to achieve high resolution in three spatial dimensions as well as the spectral dimension.
Discrete-time approximation of Wonham filters

A continuous-time finite-state Markov chain observed in white noise is considered. The well-known result of Wonham filter provides a formula for obtaining posterior probabilities. Although the filter is of finite dimension, numerical schemes are needed in applications because of the nonlinearity and because the observations are frequently collected in discrete moments. In this work, we develop approximation schemes of Wonham filters by constructing discrete-time recursive algorithms. We prove the convergence of the algorithm by weak convergence method and martingale averaging techniques. Numerical experiments are also furnished to demonstrate the performance of our algorithms.
Identification of a spurious band on serum protein electrophoresis induced by ethanol treatment.

Abstract Background Treatment of serum with ethanol at 100 ml/l eliminating fibrinogen from electrophoretic pattern produces an additional band at α2/β junction. This study is to determine the source and the nature of this artifact. Methods The supernatant after ethanol precipitation was used for electrophoresis. Protein concentrations of each fraction in ethanol- and saline-treated samples were compared, and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) to identify transferrin, C3, and LDL was performed. C3 IFE was also conducted for fresh sera and sera stored for 2 weeks. Results The artificial band at α2/β junction was identified in ethanol-treated sera but not in saline-treated sera. Protein concentration in the β fraction was reduced after ethanol treatment as compared to saline-treated samples (n = 10, p Conclusions Ethanol treatment of serum creates an artificial band with C3 immunoreactivity at α2/β junction. This could be due to the accelerated hydrolysis of C3 by ethanol treatment. Laboratories using ethanol to evaluate a possible fibrinogen band should be aware of this phenomenon, and the serum protein electrophoretic pattern after ethanol treatment should only be used to rule out fibrinogen.
High-speed low-power cross-coupled active-pull-down ECL circuit

This paper presents a high-speed low-power cross-coupled active-pull-down ECL (CC-APD-ECL) circuit. The circuit features a cross-coupled active-pull-down scheme to improve the power-delay of the emitter-follower stage. The cross-coupled biasing scheme preserves the emitter-dotting capability and requires no extra biasing circuit branch and power for the active-pull-down transistor. Based on a 0.8 /spl mu/m double poly self-aligned bipolar technology at a power consumption of 1.0 mW/gate, the circuit offers 1.7/spl times/ improvement in the loaded (FI/FO=3, C/sub L/=0.3 pF) delay, 2.1/spl times/ improvement in the load driving capability, and 3.5/spl times/ improvement in the dotting delay penalty compared with the conventional ECL circuit. The design considerations of the circuit are discussed. >
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Proterozoic diabase in the southern Death Valley region of California

Diabase sills and dikes of Proterozoic age intrude crystalline basement and the overlying Crystal Spring Formation in the southern Death Valley region of California. Despite pervasive deuteric alteration, analyses of relict plagioclase (An66-45), titaniferous augite, and ilmenite permit the calculation of initial crystallization temperatures of 1,165±25° C for plagioclase and 1,110±25° C for augite with an oxygen fugacity of 10−11 atm. The early crystallization of plagioclase is consistent with the generally subophitic texture of the diabase. Geochemical arguments show that deuteric alteration has had little effect on the whole rock chemistry which has a mildly alkaline, transitional character. Mathematical models support the interpretation that chemical variations are principally the result of flow differentiation. Also, about 15 to 25% olivine or augite may have fractionated from the melt prior to intrusion. The mildly LREE enriched composition (normalized La/Yb=4.27 to 6.13) is best modelled by a 5% melt fraction from a moderately LREE-enriched source. Melt derived from a model garnet peridotite with accessory amphibole is compatible with the observed major and trace element chemistry. The diabase is compositionally akin to other middle Proterozoic basaltic rocks in North America which formed in extensional settings, and it is interpreted as a manifestation of widespread extensional tectonism.
The Role of the REPLUMLESS Homeodomain Protein in Patterning the Arabidopsis Fruit

The outside of the Arabidopsis thaliana fruit consists of three principal tissues: the valves or seedpod walls, the replum or central ridge between the valves, and the valve margins where the valves separate from the replum to disperse the seeds. Previous studies have shown that valve margin formation is specified by the SHATTERPROOF MADS-box transcription factors [1] and that valve development is controlled by the FRUITFULL MADS-box transcription factor [2]. FRUITFULL negatively regulates SHATTERPROOF to prevent the valves from adopting a valve margin cell fate [3]. Here we identify a gene called REPLUMLESS that is required for replum development. REPLUMLESS encodes a homeodomain protein that prevents replum cells from adopting a valve margin cell fate by negatively regulating expression of the SHATTERPROOF genes. Both REPLUMLESS and FRUITFULL are required to limit SHATTERPROOF expression to a narrow stripe of cells so that the valve margin differentiates precisely at the valve/replum boundary.
Becoming an American and Liking It as Functions of Social Distance and Severity of Initiation

This paper examines the effects of social distance among a sample of immigrants in the process of becoming United States citizens. Using the Bogardus Social Distance Scale, a positive relationship was found between the degree of social distance and the likelihood of becoming a citizen. Social distance also serves as an important indicator of severity of initiation; the findings suggest that severity of initiation had a positive influence on reported satisfaction with life in America for those who became U. S. citizens. For those who did not become citizens, however, social distance had an inverse affect on satisfaction.
Economic factors in furnace design

Abstract The theoretical and practical factors which affect the specific performance characteristics and costs of solar furnaces are reviewed in detail. Technical and economic considerations indicate that the best design for a large solar furnace should incorporate the following features: 1. (1) a parabolic concentrator consisting of adjustable curved-mirror segments, 2. (2) a stationary concentrator with its axis horizontal, using an auxiliary movable mirror to follow the sun, 3. (3) an angle between the image area and the rim of the concentrator of between 50° to 70°, 4. (4) a reflecting surface consisting of back-silvered glass. The actual heat flux available at the target is expressed as p =46.1×10 3 E P 0 sin 2 θ where E is the over-all efficiency factor of the solar furnace, p 0 is the solar constant, and θ is the rim angle. E is defined as = eta ; a η r η s γ where η a accounts for loss of radiant energy due to the atmosphere, η r is the combined reflectivity coefficient of the reflecting surfaces of the concentrator and auxiliary mirrors, η 8 accounts for the nonreflecting portions of the concentrator because of shadowing and open areas between mirror segments, and γ is an index which represents the degree of geometrical perfection of the parabolic concentrator. A tabulation of calculated E and γ values for a number of actual solar furnaces is presented. The design study and cost estimate, given in Appendix A, include a preliminary structural design and relative cost estimates for a solar furnace system having a 100-ft parabolic concentrator with a movable auxiliary mirror to follow the sun. The results of this study were extrapolated to give cost curves for furnace systems having concentrators with diameters from 50 to 200 ft.
Transport of First Rocks of The Solar System by X-winds

It has been suggested that chondrules and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) were formed at the inner edge of the protoplanetary disk and then entrained in magnetocentrifugal X-winds. We study trajectories of such solid bodies with the consideration of the central star gravity, the protoplanetary disk gravity, and the gas drag of the wind. The efficiency of the gas drag depends on a parameter $\eta$, which is the product of the solid body size and density. We find that the gravity of the protoplanetary disk has a non-negligible effect on the trajectories. If a solid body re-enters the flared disk, the re-entering radius depends on the stellar magnetic dipole moment, the disk's gravity, the parameter $\eta$, and the initial launching angle. The disk's gravity can make the re-entering radius lower by up to 30%. We find a threshold $\eta$, denoted as $\eta_t$, for any particular configuration of the X-wind, below which the solid bodies will be expelled from the planetary system. $\eta_t$ sensitively depends on the initial launching angle, and also depends on the mass of the disk. Only the solid bodies with a $\eta$ larger than but very close to $\eta_t$ can be launched to a re-entering radius larger than 1 AU. This size-sorting effect may explain why chondrules come with a narrow range of sizes within each chondritic class. In general, the size distributions of CAIs and chondrules in chondrites can be determined from the initial size distribution as well as the distribution over the initial launching angle.
Micro-FTIR study of soot chemical composition—evidence of aliphatic hydrocarbons on nascent soot surfaces

Previous studies suggest that soot formed in premixed flat flames can contain a substantial amount of aliphatic compounds. Presence of these compounds may affect the kinetics of soot mass growth and oxidation in a way that is currently not understood. Using an infrared spectrometer coupled to a microscope (micro-FTIR), we examined the composition of soot sampled from a set of ethylene–argon–oxygen flames recently characterized (A. D. Abid, et al. Combust. Flame, 2008, 154, 775–788), all with an equivalence ratio ϕ = 2.07 but varying in maximum flame temperatures. Soot was sampled at three distances above the burner surface using a probe sampling technique and deposited on silicon nitride thin film substrates using a cascade impactor. Spectra were taken and analyses performed for samples collected on the lowest five impactor stages with the cut-off sizes of D50 = 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 nm. The micro-FTIR spectra revealed the presence of aliphatic C–H, aromatic C–H and various oxygenated functional groups, including carbonyl (CO), C–O–C and C–OH groups. Spectral analyses were made to examine variations of these functional groups with flame temperature, sampling position and particle size. Results indicate that increases in flame temperature leads to higher contents of non-aromatic functionalities. Functional group concentrations were found to be ordered as follows: [CO] < [C–O] < [aliphatic C–H]. Aliphatic C–H was found to exist in significant quantities, with very little oxygenated groups present. The ratio of these chemical functionalities to aromatic C–H remains constant for particle sizes spanning 10–100 nm. The results confirm a previous experimental finding: a significant amount of aliphatic compounds is present in nascent soot formed in the flames studied, especially towards larger distances above the burner surface.
Comparative studies of some quinones in photosynthetic systems.

Abstract The plastoquinone and coenzyme Q contents of green and bleached Euglena were determined. Green cells contained plastoquinone which appeared to be identical with pea leaf plastoquinone. Bleached Euglena cells did not contain plastoquinone. Coenzyme Q 8 was found in both the green and bleached cells. Chromatium cells contained coenzyme Q 7 , which was associated with the chromatophores. The latter also contained vitamin K. Plastoquinone was absent from these photosynthetic cells. Different types of quinones appeared to be associated with chlorophyll-containing particles isolated from Chlorobium .
The Hospitalized Child and The Need for Mastery

Hospitalized children of all ages and stages need the care of concerned knowledgeable pediatric nurses who can give them opportunities to master or have some control over what is happening to them during the stress of illness or surgery. The developmental theories of Sigmund and Anna Freud, Erikson, and Piaget explain the developmental processes that document the need for this specific nursing approach. The basic preparation of the professional nurse must include education about child growth and development and the practical implications for child care. The concept of mastery must be introduced into the nursing care of hospitalized children. Examples are given of how the nurse may promote and facilitate the child's attempts to master and exert control over the situations that occur during hospitalization. The theories of Freud, Erikson, and Piaget are used to explain the hospitalized child's behaviors at various ages and stages. Specific nursing interventions that will assist the child in his/her efforts ...
SOLUTION OF THE UNSTEADY SUBSONIC THIN AIRFOIL PROBLEM

The problem of a thin airfoil subject to simple harmonic disturbances in a uniform subsonic free stream is solved by extension of a technique developed earlier for a stationary strip vibrating in a uniform fluid. Explicit expressions are given for the lift and moment, acoustic directivity pattern, and total acoustic power for arbitrary upwash and, in particular, for the 'elementary disturbances': plunge, pitch and a stationary transverse gust. Numerical results for a simple skewed gust are presented and compared to the high-frequency asymptotic theory of Martinez and Widnall.
Sympathetic neural mechanisms in human cardiovascular health and disease

The sympathetic nervous system plays a key role in regulating arterial blood pressure in humans. This review provides an overview of sympathetic neural control of the circulation and discusses the changes that occur in various disease states, including hypertension, heart failure, and obstructive sleep apnea. It focuses on measurements of sympathetic neural activity (SNA) obtained by microneurography, a technique that allows direct assessment of the electrical activity of sympathetic nerves in conscious human beings. Sympathetic neural activity is tightly linked to blood pressure via the baroreflex for each individual person. However, SNA can vary greatly among individuals and that variability is not related to resting blood pressure; that is, the blood pressure of a person with high SNA can be similar to that of a person with much lower SNA. In healthy normotensive persons, this finding appears to be related to a set of factors that balance the variability in SNA, including cardiac output and vascular adrenergic responsiveness. Measurements of SNA are very reproducible in a given person over a period of several months to a few years, but SNA increases progressively with healthy aging. Cardiovascular disease can be associated with substantial increases in SNA, as seen for example in patients with hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, or heart failure. Obesity is also associated with an increase in SNA, but the increase in SNA among patients with obstructive sleep apnea appears to be independent of obesity per se. For several disease states, successful treatment is associated with both a decrease in sympathoexcitation and an improvement in prognosis. This finding points to an important link between altered sympathetic neural mechanisms and the fundamental processes of cardiovascular disease.
CIM‐BASED LOGISTICS AT IBM

The world's largest computer manufacturer is developing an Automated Logistics and Production System (ALPS).
Texture Evolution and Phase Transformation in Titanium Investigated by In-Situ Neutron Diffraction

Time-of-flight neutron diffraction was used to study in-situ texture evolution and the α → β phase transformation in cold-drawn titanium upon continuous heating. The texture changes in the α phase at elevated temperatures upon recrystallization are presented. For the first time, a transient β texture was observed during the α → β transformation, as indicated by the initial rise and the final drop of the {110} β reflection intensity. This unusual observation is explained in terms of competitive growth between inter- and intragranular β allotriomorphs.
LD50 determination and hypotensive effect of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone.

Abstract 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone (MBTH) is a compound employed in the colorimetric determination of aliphatic aldehydes. LD50 values based on ip injections of MBTH in rats and mice were found to be 135 and 119 mg/kg, respectively. The induction of a lethargic state followed by hyperactivity and excitability was also observed in these experiments. Intravenous injections of MBTH produced a brief fall in mean arterial blood pressure. The hypotensive effect was not blocked by the beta antagonist, propranolol. The amount of blockade seen in the presence of diphenhydramine was not of sufficient magnitude to indicate clearly that MBTH releases histamine to cause vasodilation and a reduction in the blood pressure. The degree of blockade seen with atropine indicates that the hypotensive effect of MBTH may be partially mediated through cholinergic receptors. These data indicate also that MBTH may possess direct smooth muscle vasodilator properties.
A streamer chamber for deeply inelastic lepton scattering work

Abstract We describe design, construction, and performance of a streamer chamber built for experiments where small cross sections necessitate the use of dense targets inside the chamber, and the passage of hundreds of particles per memory time through the chamber. This chamber was used in conjunction with all peripheral equipment of the SLAC Streamer Chamber Facility.
A CASE STUDY OF PRURITIC ECZEMA TREATED BY RELAXATION AND IMAGERY

A 25-yr.-old white, married female was treated for chronic pruritic eczema through the use of frontalis EMG, relaxation, and imagery training. The biofeedback readings, ratings of the pruritus (0 to 5) and ratings of skin smoothness (0 to 5) were made over 10 sessions. Although the EMG measures did not decrease significantly, the rash disappeared completely. A 1-yr. follow-up confirmed disease control.
Tensile Test Apparatus for Micro-Scale Specimens on Scanning Electron Microscope Using Sub-Pixel Digital Image Correlation

Design parameters for a new micro tensile testing arrangement have been presented. The device is well suited for conducting in-situ tensile test experimentation on the SEM using SPDIC technique to obtain strains and material properties of free-standing thin film specimens. A high precision, high resolution hybrid linear actuator is employed to apply the necessary tensile force. Resolution of linear motion of the actuator is around ±0.3μm. Applied forces are measured using a high precision load cell. The DAQ device is a laboratory computer running a measurement and automation software. Use of the apparatus facilitates real time capturing of images of specimens undergoing strain. Key features of the apparatus are ease of use, portability and simplicity of the entire design while maintaining high accuracy and precision data acquisition capabilities. Coupled with SPDIC techniques, the apparatus can be used to measure in-plane displacements with a resolution up to 10nm.© 2005 ASME
Amobarbital sodium and instrumental performance changes following an increase in reward magnitude

Four groups of hungry rats (N = 12) received 54 straight runway trials at a constant magnitude reward of either 15 or one food pellet, followed by 42 trials in which all groups received 15 pellets reward. Within each reward condition one group received a daily injection of amobarbital sodium before running and one group received a saline injection. The rate of performance increase following the reward shift was not affected by the drug, in contrast to prior observations that the rate of performance decrease following a reward decrement was attenuated by the drug. These data indicate that amobarbital does not degrade S’s ability to detect changes in reward stimuli, and support the position that the prior observation resulted because the drug reduces the emotional consequences of reward decrements.
Wear Mechanisms in Centrifugal Slurry Pumps

Abstract Starting from the typical wear mechanisms encountered in centrifugal slurry pumps, the paper outlines a computational approach for wear distribution in the pump channels. The two-phase flow parameters (solid concentration, velocity, paniculate stresses) at the wetted walls are related to the wear distribution as a function of particle dynamics, material characteristics and the presence of other surface processes such as corrosion and scaling. The probabilistic flow analysis enhances the ability to model the wear process based on the microstructural aspects of the flow and materials. The approach is applicable to two- and three-dimensional problems, for slurries with single and multiple particle species. It can be used to estimate the wear rate distribution, cumulative wear and equipment wear life.
Exact output tracking for nonlinear time-varying systems

Solves the exact output tracking problem for nonlinear time-varying systems. The technique is even applicable in the nonminimum phase case, and uses an inverse trajectory for feedforward. The feedforward is coupled with a more conventional feedback control law for stable trajectory tracking. The inversion technique is new, even in the linear time-varying case, and relies on partitioning the linearized system dynamics into time-varying stable and unstable manifolds. This so-called dichotomic split is used to build time-varying filters which, in turn, are the basis of a contraction used to find the inverse trajectory. The method is local to the time-varying trajectory, but represents a significant advance relative to available tracking controllers which are restricted to time-invariant nonlinear systems, are much more difficult to compute than the scheme presented here, and track only asymptotically. >
Biomechanical and Radiographic Analysis of Partial Coracoclavicular Ligament Injuries

Background:A spectrum of acromioclavicular joint injuries may exist between type II acromioclavicular joint disruption (coracoclavicular strain) and type III acromioclavicular joint injuries (coracoclavicular disruption). This may help explain the variability in outcomes seen in patients with type II acromioclavicular injuries.Hypothesis:Injury to either the conoid or trapezoid ligaments would lead to instability of the acromioclavicular joint after complete acromioclavicular joint injury. A secondary hypothesis was that the resulting instability could be recognized with Zanca radiographs.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:The acromioclavicular ligaments were sectioned in 40 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Ten intact specimens were loaded to failure to evaluate the normal failure patterns of the coracoclavicular ligaments. Thirty specimens then had either the conoid or trapezoid ligament sectioned after creation of complete acromioclavicular joint injury. Preinjury and postinjury radiographs a...
Analyzing allele specific RNA expression using mixture models

Measuring allele-specific RNA expression provides valuable insights into cis-acting genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Widespread adoption of high-throughput sequencing technologies for studying RNA expression (RNA-Seq) permits measurement of allelic RNA expression imbalance (AEI) at heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the entire transcriptome, and this approach has become especially popular with the emergence of large databases, such as GTEx. However, the existing binomial-type methods used to model allelic expression from RNA-seq assume a strong negative correlation between reference and variant allele reads, which may not be reasonable biologically. Here we propose a new strategy for AEI analysis using RNA-seq data. Under the null hypothesis of no AEI, a group of SNPs (possibly across multiple genes) is considered comparable if their respective total sums of the allelic reads are of similar magnitude. Within each group of “comparable” SNPs, we identify SNPs with AEI signal by fitting a mixture of folded Skellam distributions to the absolute values of read differences. By applying this methodology to RNA-Seq data from human autopsy brain tissues, we identified numerous instances of moderate to strong imbalanced allelic RNA expression at heterozygous SNPs. Findings with SLC1A3 mRNA exhibiting known expression differences are discussed as examples. The folded Skellam mixture model searches for SNPs with significant difference between reference and variant allele reads (adjusted for different library sizes), using information from a group of “comparable” SNPs across multiple genes. This model is particularly suitable for performing AEI analysis on genes with few heterozygous SNPs available from RNA-seq, and it can fit over-dispersed read counts without specifying the direction of the correlation between reference and variant alleles.
Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Induction Machines Design-Oriented Approach with Extension to 3-D

Advances in power electronics technology, materials, and changing application requirements are driving advances in electric machines. But induction machines are not often considered for new design possibilities. One reason is that computer-aided design tools for induction machines are not readily available. Analytical and finite element models have significant disadvantages that limit their effectiveness for induction machine design. This paper presents a magnetic equivalent circuit modeling approach that is geared towards design. Magnetic equivalent circuits are flexible in terms of size and accuracy, have moderate computational complexity, and are easily parameterized. They can be extended readily to three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons with results from finite element models and measurements indicate that magnetic equivalent circuits, corrected for local saturation, are a promising option for a design tool.
Sustained resveratrol infusion increases natriuresis independent of renal vasodilation

Resveratrol is reported to exert cardio-renal protective effects in animal models of pathology, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. Previously, we reported an i.v. bolus of resveratrol induces renal vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and inhibiting reactive oxygen species. Thus, we hypothesized a sustained infusion of resveratrol would also increase renal blood flow (RBF), and additionally glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We infused vehicle for 30 min followed by 30 min resveratrol at either: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/min, and measured RBF, renal vascular resistance (RVR), GFR, and urinary sodium excretion. At all three doses, blood pressure and GFR remained unchanged. Control RBF was 7.69 ± 0.84 mL/min/gkw and remained unchanged by 0.5 mg/min resveratrol (7.88 ± 0.94 mL/min/gkw, n = 9), but urinary sodium excretion increased from 2.19 ± 1.1 to 5.07 ± 0.92 μmol/min/gkw (n = 7, P < 0.01). In separate experiments, 1.0 mg/min resveratrol increased RBF by 17%, from 7.16 ± 0.29 to 8.35 ± 0.42 mL/min/gkw (P < 0.01, n = 10), decreased RVR 16% from 13.63 ± 0.65 to 11.36 ± 0.75 ARU (P < 0.003) and increased sodium excretion from 1.57 ± 0.46 to 3.10 ± 0.80 μmol/min/gkw (n = 7, P < 0.04). At the 1.5 mg/min dose, resveratrol increased RBF 12% from 6.76 ± 0.57 to 7.58 ± 0.60 mL/min/gkw (n = 8, P < 0.003), decreased RVR 15% (15.58 ± 1.35 to 13.27 ± 1.14 ARU, P < 0.003) and increased sodium excretion (3.99 ± 1.71 to 7.80 ± 1.51 μmol/min/gkw, n = 8, P < 0.04). We conclude that a constant infusion of resveratrol can induce significant renal vasodilation while not altering GFR or blood pressure. Also, resveratrol infusion produced significant natriuresis at all doses, suggesting it may have a direct effect on renal tubular sodium handling independent of renal perfusion pressure or flow.
Efficient simulation of multiclass queueing networks

General multiclass queueing systems are extremely difficult to analyze. A great deal of effort has been devoted to examining the question of stability and performance of such networks. However, the simulation of multiclass queueing networks as a tool for performance evaluation has received little attention. We generate useful control variates for the steadystate simulation of multiclass queueing networks with Markovian structure. The resulting variance reductions greatly outweigh the cost of solving a minimization problem prior to the simulation, as evidenced through numerical examples.
Elimination of Radiographic Confirmation for Small-Bowel Feeding Tubes in Critical Care

Background A variety of techniques are used for placement of small-bowel feeding tubes. Standard practice at the study institution is for postpyloric placement using an electromagnetically guided placement device (EMPD). EMPD placement is performed by bedside nurses trained in the placement technique and may reduce radiograph exposures and time to initiation of enteral nutrition. Objectives To evaluate how changes in SBFT placement verification procedures in critical care patients-from use of EMPD with radiographic confirmation, to placement verification by using EMPD without radiographic confirmation-influenced successful placement, misinterpretations of locations, and radiographic verification of tube locations. Methods The research was conducted at an 800-bed quaternary care referral hospital located in the Midwest. Nine-hundred four feeding tubes were placed in 632 critical care patients by using bedside EMPD instead of radiographic confirmation as the standard of care. Prospectively collected EMPD audit form data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Small-bowel (duodenum or jejunum) placement was achieved by bedside nurses in 97.2% of all EMPD placements, with 2.8% placed in the stomach because gastric placement was ordered or small-bowel placement could not be achieved. Radiographic confirmation was required in only 7.7% of placements. No adverse events or pulmonary placements occurred. Conclusions Use of EMPD technology allowed clinicians to safely and effectively place feeding tubes at the bedside and eliminate radiographs in most cases. EMPD placement was not limited to specialized nurses or teams. This procedure should be easily reproducible in other critical care environments.