cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Techniques for Cache Partitioning in Multicore Processors

As the number of on-chip cores and memory demands of applications increase, judicious management of cache resources has become not merely attractive but imperative. Cache partitioning, that is, dividing cache space between applications based on their memory demands, is a promising approach to provide capacity benefits of shared cache with performance isolation of private caches. However, naively partitioning the cache may lead to performance loss, unfairness, and lack of quality-of-service guarantees. It is clear that intelligent techniques are required for realizing the full potential of cache partitioning. In this article, we present a survey of techniques for partitioning shared caches in multicore processors. We categorize the techniques based on important characteristics and provide a bird’s eye view of the field of cache partitioning.
Hyundai Gas Price Guarantee Program: What to Choose?

On July 1, 2009, Fred Blake decided to buy a 2009 Hyundai Azera, and the dealer had accepted his offer of $24,567. Then, at the same time Blake made his offer, Hyundai announced a new promotion that offered the purchasers of a new Hyundai the choice of $1,000 in cash or a guaranteed price of $1.49 per gallon of gas for 12,000 miles during the car's first year. Blake needed to choose. Excerpt UVA-F-1734 May 26, 2015 Hyundai Gas Price Guarantee Program: What to Choose? On July 1, 2009, Fred Blake was sitting at a Hyundai salesman's desk, waiting for him to return with the paper work. Blake had just decided to buy a 2009 Hyundai Azera. The manufacturer's suggested retail price was $ 25,695. The dealer had accepted his offer of $ 24,567. Then, at the same time Blake made his offer, Hyundai announced a new promotion that offered the purchasers of a new Hyundai the choice of $ 1,000 in cash or a guaranteed price of $ 1.49 per gallon of gas for 12,000 miles during the car's first year. Blake needed to choose. He thought gasoline prices were on the way up and wondered if the guaranteed gasoline price would be the better deal. Automobile Industry in June 2009 Between 2000 and 2007, total new vehicle sales of passenger cars and light trucks totaled more than 13 million each year. In 2008, this total dropped to just under 11 million. The 20% drop between 2007 and 2008 is shown in Figure 1. Adding to the dismal situation, 2009 was turning out to be an even worse year for the automobile industry. June 2009 sales were down more than 30% compared with June 2008. Also, as of the end of June 2009, U.S. light vehicle sales were down almost 35% in a year-on-year comparison between year-to-date earnings for June 2008 and June 2009 (Exhibit 1). . . .
Construct Validity: The Importance of Understanding the Nature of the Intervention Under Study

In field research, construct validity generally translates into asking questions about whether a given sample employing certain measures offers a fair test of a particular intervention under given circumstances. However, construct validity involves “explication” as well as “measurement.” In an effort to keep up with the pace of an evolving policy reform, evaluative research can overlook the logically prior question of whether the example of an intervention under study really captures the nature of the intervention, which is the focus of the research. This chapter illustrates the potentially fundamental impact of this problem of adequately capturing a fair example of an intervention of interest, using the example of drug court research. The issues discussed could easily be applied to other bodies of research examining important justice reforms with significant policy implications. This chapter challenges favorable inferences drawn from the drug court research regarding what has turned out to be a very popular and widely disseminated policy reform. In addition to illustrating the questions raised by these considerations of construct validity, it also describes an approach taken to face such concerns about whether evaluative studies reasonably capture the nature of a potentially significant policy reform and contribute evidence permitting sound inferences to be drawn about its impact.
Incidental Finding of a Double Interatrial Septum in a Patient Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

We report the incidental finding of a double interatrial septum (DIAS) in a patient undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation. We demonstrate the echocardiographic features of this rare lesion and discuss the procedural challenges it presents.
Greens’s Functions

In many important applications it is desirable to find an integral representation for the solution to a boundary value problem. To achieve this goal we first discuss in this chapter “nonsmooth” solutions to such problems and then show how the existence of such solutions enable us to solve our original problem.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Disparities in STEM Career Aspirations at the Intersection of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status:

Analyzing the nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), this study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal disparities in STEM career aspirations at the inte...
Could recent overfishing of New England groundfish have been prevented? A retrospective evaluation of alternative management strategies.

We conducted a retrospective evaluation of alternative management strategies for stocks in the New England groundfish complex that have had recent history of target catches being set above the leve...
Purification of Oleylamine for Materials Synthesis and Spectroscopic Diagnostics for trans Isomers

Oleylamine is widely used in nanomaterial and metal-halide perovskite synthesis. Impurities in commercially available oleylamine reagents are identified, purification procedures are explained, beneficial effects on lead chloride/oleylamine mixtures are documented, and impacts on materials synthesis are discussed. Suspensions of 0.12 mole fraction PbCl2, PbBr2, and PbI2 in purified, dried, and filtered oleylamine were found to form clear solutions upon heating to 100 °C. The infrared, Raman, and NMR spectra of oleylamine and a common trans impurity present in literature reference IR spectra are presented.
Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of micro-EDM of bulk metallic glass with focus on crater sizes

Abstract Bulk metallic glass (BMG) is a new class of material discovered in recent years with prospective applications in space, nuclear reactor engineering, biomedical, and electronics industries. Metallic glasses are difficult to be machined using conventional machining processes due to the extreme hardness and non-crystalline/amorphous structure of metallic glass. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the machinability of metallic glass using a non-contact based process, called micro electro-discharge machining (micro-EDM). The crater sizes and overcut of the micro-holes on metallic glass were evaluated at different settings of machining parameters. In order to minimize the position error and improve machining accuracy, the electrodes were machined in-situ using block micro-EDM process. In this study, the capacitance was found to be the main parameter influencing the machining performance among all the possible factors. It was found that the crater sizes mostly depended on the values of capacitances, with minor influence of voltage. When compared against the discharge energy, the crater size followed an excellent trend. It was found that micro-EDM was able to generate crater sizes as small as 2.2 µm. However, the recast layer around the edges of micro-holes increased significantly with the increase of capacitances and voltages. In addition, a minor effect of electrode size on the surface finish and overcut were found. The finite element method (FEM) modeling of the craters formed during the micro-EDM of metallic glass showed various phases in a single crater including molten layer followed by a crystalline layer. The developed model was able to successfully predict the crater sizes, as the experimental crater sizes matched closely with those predicted by the FEM simulation.
Guideline adherence and the strategy of chemotherapy dose reduction in metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicenter oncology practice experience.

24Background: Current American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines recommend prophylactic use of colony stimulating factors (CSF) for prevention of febrile neutropenia among cancer patie...
Golden speaker builder – An interactive tool for pronunciation training

Abstract The type of voice model used in Computer Assisted Pronunciation Instruction is a crucial factor in the quality of practice and the amount of uptake by language learners. As an example, prior research indicates that second-language learners are more likely to succeed when they imitate a speaker with a voice similar to their own, a so-called “golden speaker”. This manuscript presents Golden Speaker Builder (GSB), a tool that allows learners to generate a personalized “golden-speaker” voice: one that mirrors their own voice but with a native accent. We describe the overall system design, including the web application with its user interface, and the underlying speech analysis/synthesis algorithms. Next, we present results from a series of listening tests, which show that GSB is capable of synthesizing such golden-speaker voices. Finally, we present results from a user study in a language-instruction setting, which show that practising with GSB leads to improved fluency and comprehensibility. We suggest reasons for why learners improved as they did and recommendations for the next iteration of the training.
Pediatric thoracic mass lesions: Beyond the common.

Abstract Thoracic mass lesions can be categorized as originating in one of the three major compartments: a) chest wall and pleura, b) lung parenchyma and airways, c) mediastinum. While some of these, such as lymphoma, are common in both children and adults, others are rare and unique to childhood. The goal of this review is to familiarize radiologists with unusual but distinctive mass lesions of the pediatric thorax.
Are Contemplative Capacities Created Equal?: Examining Demographic Differences in Adolescents’ Contemplative Capacity and Differences in Psychological Well-being

Contemplative abilities including self-compassion, mindfulness, and related constructs such as distress tolerance are associated with adolescent psychological wellbeing. Yet how adolescents vary in contemplative abilities, and how such variations differ as a function of demographics, remains unclear. The present study sought to determine how many profiles of “contemplative capacities” exist among adolescents, how the profiles differ on demographics (i.e., gender, age, minority status, father and mother education) and adolescent psychological well-being (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, and resilience), and how differences in psychological well-being are moderated by demographics (i.e., gender, age, minority status, father and mother education). Data were collected from 789 middle and high school students. Profiles of adolescent “contemplative capacities” were determined using adolescent self-reported self-compassion, mindfulness, and distress tolerance within a latent profile analysis. Three “contemplative capacities” (CC) profiles fit the data best: Profile 1: Moderate CC (n = 340); profile 2, High CC (n = 262); and profile 3, Low CC represents (n = 148). Profiles differed on gender, age, minority status, and father education. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to examine mean difference among the high, moderate, and low CC profiles. The three profiles differed on all psychological well-being outcomes, with high CC reporting greatest psychological well-being, followed by moderate CC, and then low CC. Lastly, CC profiles differed on indicators of psychological well-being as a function of gender and minority status. Variations exist among adolescents’ contemplative abilities and such differences are associated with demographic factors and psychological well-being.
Relevance Between Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

With the rise of cognitive science, human is able to extend the subject and combine it with computer science to give birth to artificial intelligence. For example, understanding of brain neurons and synapse helps develop artificial neurons in artificial neural networks. The realization of the potency of human cognition study identifies needs for breakthroughs and this paper will provide reviews of recent breakthrough studies such as The Human Brain Project and CURATE.AI to investigate further potentials in Artificial Intelligence. And by doing so, the paper will focus on language processing and artificial neutral networks, to identify the roles of human cognition and artificial intelligence each plays. The result implies that artificial intelligence and human cognition are interdisciplinary subjects that are interdependent on each other and such sticky state would help achieve each party's own optimal success.
Does protein aggregation drive postmitotic tissue degeneration

Pharmacological evidence, from clinical trials where patients with systemic amyloid diseases are treated with disease-modifying therapies, supports the notion that protein aggregation drives tissue degeneration in these disorders. The protein aggregate structures driving tissue pathology and the commonalities in etiology between these diseases and Alzheimer's disease are under investigation.
Hospital Survival After Surgical Repair of Truncus Arteriosus with Interrupted Aortic Arch: Results from a Multi-institutional Database

Truncus arteriosus (TA) is a major congenital cardiac malformation that requires surgical repair in the first few weeks of life. Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is an associated malformation that significantly impacts the complexity of the TA operation. The aim of this study was to (1) define the comorbid conditions associated with TA and (2) determine the hospital survival and morbidity of patients with TA with and without an IAA. Data was collected from the Vizient Clinical Database/Resource Manager, formerly University HealthSystem Consortium, which encompasses more than 160 academic medical centers in the United States. The database was queried for patients admitted from 2002 to 2016 who were ≤ 4 months of age at initial admission, diagnosed with TA, and underwent complete surgical repair during that hospitalization. Of the 645 patients with TA who underwent surgery, 98 (15%) had TA with an interrupted aortic arch (TA-IAA). Both TA and TA-IAA were associated with a high prevalence of comorbidities, including DiGeorge syndrome, prematurity, and other congenital malformations. There was no difference in mortality between TA and TA-IAA (13.7–18.4%, p value = 0.227). No comorbid conditions were associated with an increased mortality in either group. However, patients with TA-IAA had a longer post-operative length of stay (LOS) compared to those without IAA (30 versus 40.3 days, p value = 0.001) and this effect was additive with each additional comorbid condition. In conclusion, the addition of IAA to TA is associated with an increased post-operative LOS, but does not increase in-hospital mortality.
Effect of PADI4 on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines During NB4 Cells Differentiation

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) during the process of differentiation into granulocyte of NB4 cells induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and whether PADI4 is involved in the inflammatory cytokines expression. METHODS Granulocyte differentiation model of NB4 cells induced by ATRA was established. The cell morphology changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. The expression of cell differentiation marker CD11b was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression of PADI4 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL) 1β was analyzed by ELISA, and also examined with the knockdown of PADI4 expression by siRNA. RESULTS After NB4 cells induced by ATRA, the cytoplasm increased and the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic was reduced. Nuclear dented, and rod-shaped nucleus, lobulated phenomenon increased (P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis results showed that the cell surface molecule CD11b expression increased (P<0.01). RT-PCR and Western blot showed the expression of PADI4 increased at both transcriptional and translational levels during the process of the differentiation. ELISA showed TNF-α and IL-1β secretion increased in differentiated macrophages, while they could be inhibited by PADI4-specific siRNA. CONCLUSION During the differentiation into granulocyte of NB4 cells induced by ATRA, PADI4 expression increased. Furthermore, PADI4 appeared to play a critical role in inflammatory cytokines secretion.
Perspective on the Refractive-Index Gas Metrology Data Landscape

The redefinition of the kelvin has increased focus on thermometry techniques that use the newly fixed value of the Boltzmann constant to realize thermodynamic temperature. One such technique that has advanced considerably in recent years is refractive-index gas thermometry. Generalized as refractive-index gas metrology (RIGM), this also includes a range of applications outside of temperature realizations, such as pressure standards and measurements of the physical properties of gases. Here, the current data situation in the field is reviewed, encompassing the latest developments and remaining challenges, in order to suggest possible approaches for reducing RIGM uncertainties and improving RIGM applications. New analyses of existing experimental literature data are presented for the second density virial coefficient Bρ of helium, neon, argon, and nitrogen; the third density virial coefficient Cρ of nitrogen; and the third dielectric virial coefficient Ce of helium, neon, and argon. A need is identified for more accurate reference-quality datasets to be measured or calculated in several areas, with robust uncertainty budgets, to support future RIGM advancements. The most urgent of these are the bulk modulus of copper; thermodynamic accuracy of the International Temperature Scale of 1990; molar optical refractivity AR of neon, argon, and nitrogen; diamagnetic susceptibility χ0 of neon and argon; second density virial coefficient Bρ of argon; third dielectric virial coefficient Ce of helium, neon, and argon; and third optical refractivity virial coefficient CR of helium and neon.
Staging of Bladder Cancer

Staging is an important step in the management of bladder cancer as it guides treatment options and surveillance protocols. Accurate staging is highly dependent on diagnostic capabilities and surgical biopsy/resection techniques. Cystoscopy is the mainstay of bladder cancer workup with urine cytology and cystoscopic enhancement serving as adjuncts to cancer detection. After tumor identification, transurethral resection is done to obtain tissue. Recently, newer resection techniques and laser energies have been used to optimize detrusor muscle in the specimen for more accurate staging. To this end, a second-look resection is still recommended in high-risk patients. An important part of clinical staging is obtaining cross-sectional imaging. Classically, CT scan has been used though there may be a role for MRI and PET scan in certain cases. Staging follows the standard TNM classification system and the most recent WHO grading system. Subsequent risk stratification is assigned based on tumor characteristics. Risk tables can provide clinicians and patients with estimates for disease recurrence and progression and further guide surveillance strategies.
Unfolding-synthesis technique for digital pulse processing. Part 1: Unfolding

Abstract The unfolding-synthesis technique is used in the development of digital pulse processing systems used in radiation measurements. This technique is applied to digital signals obtained by digitization of analog signals that represent the combined response of the radiation detectors and the associated signal conditioning electronics. The salient features of the unfolding-synthesis technique are first the unfolding of the digital signals into unit impulses, followed by the synthesis of digital signal processing systems with unit impulse responses equivalent to the desired pulse shapes. Part 1 of this paper covers the unfolding part of this technique.
As Part of the World: Letters from Sherman Paul

I was a doctoral student in English at the University of Iowa from 1974 through 1980. One of my strongest motivations for choosing the university was to study with the distinguished Americanist Sherman Paul. His wise guidance and encouragement of my interests (and tolerance of my idiosyncrasies), as well as his own example as a scholar, were indispensable aids to my completion of the Ph.D. Friends who also studied with SP agreed with me that he seemed to have a series of steps through which his graduate students had to pass, which corresponded to the quality of their work and progress toward their degree. For example, if you did well in his courses, you might move on to an independent study, in which you would meet periodi cally at his home rather than his office. For me (and no doubt for others) the greatest unanticipated boon of the long effort of achieving the Ph.D. was the chance it gave me to come to know Sherm and be accepted as a friend whom he would stay in contact with for life if I held up my end of the relationship. My postal correspondence with him began in 1919, as I was finishing my doctoral dissertation, which he directed. As usual, he was spending the summer at his second home.
The challenges of heterogeneity across physiotherapy trials when considering meta-analysis

Dr Hoogeboom raises a number of important insights into the problems of heterogeneity and how to manage these in meta-analyses of complex interventions.1 He makes a number of very valuable points i...
Hierarchical in-network attribute compression via importance sampling

Many real-world complex systems can be modeled as dynamic networks with real-valued vertex/edge attributes. Examples include users' opinions in social networks and average speeds in a road system. When managing these large dynamic networks, compressing attribute values becomes a key requirement, since it enables the answering of attribute-based queries regarding a node/edge or network region based on a compact representation of the data. To address this problem, we introduce a lossy network compression scheme called Slice Tree (ST), which partitions a network into smooth regions with respect to node/edge values and compresses each value as the average of its region. ST applies a compact representation for network partitions, called slices, that are defined as a center node and radius distance. We propose an importance sampling algorithm to efficiently prune the search space of candidate slices in the ST construction by biasing the sampling process towards the node values that most affect the compression error. The effectiveness of ST in terms of compression error, compression rate, and running time is demonstrated using synthetic and real datasets. ST scales to million-node instances and removes up to 87% of the error in attribute values with a 103 compression ratio. We also illustrate how ST captures relevant phenomena in real networks, such as research collaboration patterns and traffic congestions.
Teaching Minority Practice for Professional Application

Abstract The author advocates shifting away from cognitively oriented “minority content” and proposes a skills based, affectively oriented approach to “minority practice”, in which classroom experience echoes the affective and behavioral impact sought in field practica. The paper considers “professional application” : An amalgam of field instruction and classroom practice. The paper offers case examples of methods which capture the essence of field experience within classroom settings.
Issues in platform-independent support for multimedia desktop conferencing and application sharing

Although Multimedia desktop conferencing and application sharing among geographically dispersed users are increasingly popular modalities, their spread is inhibited by platform-dependency problems. In this paper, an approach which exploits the use of the Java programming language to accommodate different hardware and window systems is investigated and a prototype is implemented. Our approach is based on replicated tool architecture in which each participant runs a copy of the application and the activity of each user is multicast to all the participants in the conference. The problems associated with this approach such as view synchronization and replicated object management are among the issues addressed in our research. In addition, we are developing standard functions and mechanisms that allow conference participants to seamlessly use the audio and video features available on most PC’s and workstations. Our research on multimedia stream synchronization and adaptation, the incorporation of reliable multicasting and the development of distributed control algorithms are expected to result in increased conference quality, performance and robustness.
Algebraic expressions for classes of generalized 6-j and 9-j symbols for certain Lie groups

The 6-j and 9-j symbols that occur in angular-momentum theory can be generalized from the group S0(3) to other compact Lie groups. The initial motivation for doing so stems from the Jahn-Teller effect, where the Hamiltonian for a particular octahedral system possesses an approximate SO(5) symmetry. Several methods are described for finding formulas for multiplicity-free 6-j and 9-j symbols, including generalizations of Schwinger's generating functions. The recent method of Cerkaski for finding a class of 6-j symbols with one multiplicity index is illustrated with an example for Sp(6).
Automated processing of electron diffraction data

An Electron Diffraction Identification Program has been developed to process VAX 11/780 electron diffraction data files. The Program is automated to select sets of three and then five diffraction spots, satisfying operator-selected linearity and spacing conditions. A crystallographic reference file allows an automatic specimen identification, which is CRT-displayed to an operator, while all pertinent information is recorded into an output file. It is noted that the program effectively does away with the extremely time-consuming tasks which normally must be performed using conventional analysis methods. The program allows identification of specimens without the highly specialized knowledge of the electron diffraction pattern analysis. In addition, the program shortens considerably the specimen identification time expended. >
A 5'-3' exonuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for in vitro recombination between linear DNA molecules with overlapping homology.

Abstract When two linear DNA molecules with overlapping, homologous ends were incubated with a yeast nuclear extract, they recombined at the region of homology to produce a joint molecule. We have identified a 5'-3' exonuclease in the extract that is likely to be responsible for the formation of the observed product. We propose that the exonuclease degrades each substrate to reveal regions of complementary sequence which anneal to form a recombinant product. Consistent with this model, we have partially purified the activity that promotes joint molecule formation and found it to cofractionate with a 5'-3' exonuclease activity through three consecutive chromatography steps. We have further characterized the reaction to determine the optimal length of homology. Substrates with homologous terminal overlaps of 29 to 958 bp were capable of product formation, whereas substrates with longer overlaps were not. Extracts prepared from a number of recombination-defective or nuclease-deficient strains revealed no defect in exonuclease activity, indicating that the reaction is likely to be dependent upon the product of an as yet unidentified gene.
Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Richard Bauman and mp; Charles L. Briggs Year: 2003 Pages: xv + 356 Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Micro capillary-force driven fluidic accumulator/pressure source

Future portable, continuously monitoring, ultra low-power fluidic bioassay systems are likely to require fluidic pumping devices allowing the actuation of fluids with a minimum expenditure of electrical energy. One method to accomplish this is to utilize a micro-osmotic pump coupled with a micro capillary-force driven fluidic accumulator to make possible a pressure source that requires no electrical power. This paper reports new micro structures to harness surface tension forces and thereby make possible micro fluidic accumulators in a planar wafer-level process, allowing for simple integration with other microfluidic devices such as pumps, valves, and mixers. Experimental results show that fluid can be stored at predictable and elevated pressures in this device after being charged by an external pressurized source (accumulation). The stored fluid can be dispensed later at a near constant pressure depending on the output fluidic resistance. Pressures of 6500 Pa and flow rates as high as 7.2 /spl mu/L/min with a dispensed volume of 1.2 /spl mu/L were achieved without electrical energy.
A Reassessment of Homozygosity and the Case for Inbreeding Depression in the Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus: Implications for Conservation

Preservation of genetic diversity within declining populations of endangered species is a major concern in the discipline of conservation biology. The endangered cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, exhibits relatively little genetic variability (polymorphism = 0.02–0.04, heterozygosity = 0.0004–0.014). Since the discovery of the cheetah's relative homozygosity, this species has been frequently cited as an example of one whose survival may be compromised by the loss of genetic diversity. The cheetah's genetic uniformity is generally believed to be the result of an historical population bottle-neck followed by a high level of inbreeding. Evidence offered in support of this hypothesis includes the cheetah's present low level of genetic variability and symptoms of inbreeding depression in captive populations. Using available data on fluctuating asymmetry and genetic variation in other carnivores, I question the assumption that the present level of genetic diversity in the cheetah is indicative of a loss of former variability. Carnivores exhibit significantly lower levels of genetic variation than other mammals, and several carnivores for which data are available exhibit lower levels of heterozygosity and polymorphism than the cheetah does. Measures of fluctuating asymmetry do not support the hypothesis that the cheetah is suffering an increased level of bomozygosity due to genetic stress. Many of the phenotypic effects attributed to inbreeding depression, such as infertility, reduced litter sizes, and increased susceptibility to disease, are limited to captive individuals and may be explained as physiological or behavioral artifacts of captivity. In sum, the genetic constitution of the cheetah does not appear to compromise the survival of the species. Conservation efforts may be more effectively aimed at a real, immediate threat to the cheetah's future: the loss of its natural habitat.
Chemical synthesis and structural evolution of zirconium titanate

Abstract Chemical polymerization of (a) titanium alkoxide-acetate and zirconium acetylacetonate ( [ HOAc]/[Ti] =17.5 ; [ H 2 O ]/[ Ti+Zr ] = 27.8 , and (b) titanium and zirconium alkoxides in the presence of acetic acid ( HOAc ]/[ Ti+Zr ] = 8.75 ; [ H 2 O ]/[ Ti+Zr ] = 15.3 ) was used to prepare ZrTiO4 pre-ceramic gels. The effects of the organozirconium precursor structure on the gelation kinetics and the structural evolution of crystalline ZrTiO4 were investigated. Owing to its stability, room temperature gelation of sols prepared from zirconium acetylacetonate occured after several days. In contrast, the sols prepared with modified zirconium n- propoxide underwent relatively rapid gelation ( t gel min. ). It was possible to expedite gelation of mixed-cation sols derived using zirconium acetylacetonate, by employing higher temperatures ( t gel = 2 h at 70° C). Crystallization of ZrTiO4 from pre-ceramic gels was investigated using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetic analysis, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The results of these analyses indicated that gel pyrolysis (200–500°C) led to the formation of crystalline single-phase ZrTiO4 powders at temperatures (about 700°C) significantly lower than those encountered in traditional processing (1000–1350°C). Particles of gel powders calcined at 700°C exhibited a smooth surface morphology; however, those calcined at and above 900°C showed the formation of submicron crystallites through out the volume of the original gel particles. Gel powders calcined at 700°C were uniaxially pressed (about 50 000 lbf in−2 and sintered (1550°C for 4 h) to form single-phase ZrTiO4 ceramics with ϱ th =62–65% , without any sintering additives. Preliminary measurements indicated that the dielectric constant values of ZrTiO4 ceramics were about 10 and 14–21 (at 1 kHz) for acetylacetonate- and alkoxide-derived ceramics, respectively. The loss factor (tan δ) was lower than 1×10−4 for ceramics derived from either of the organozirconium precursors.
NMR Imaging of Water in Model Porous Materials

Nuclear magnetic resonance images have been obtained for four porous glass disks of different porosities as models of materials such as oil cores. The mottled appearance often seen for such images is attributed largely to insufficient signal-to-noise ratio, and not pore structures. Comparison of spin-echo and gradient-echo images demonstrates the defect-magnification effect of the gradient-echo sequence seen previously for elastomers. The advantages of volume imaging, isotropic voxels in thin slices, and higher resolution are demonstrated for porous materials. Images with isotropic voxels of 80 to 100 μm on a side were obtained in several hours. Dramatic differences are not seen at 100-μm resolution for disks of average pore size 15 to 200 μm because the images are dominated by the large-pore tail of the size distribution.
Smoking and movement disorders in psychiatric patients.

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that tardive dyskinesia may occur more frequently in patients who smoke. Further evidence of an interaction between smoking and movement disorders includes the low lifetime exposure to cigarettes found in Parkinson's disease patients. In this study 126 patients with chronic psychiatry illness were blindly evaluated for tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, and akathisia. Patients who smoked received significantly higher doses of neuroleptics but did not have significantly more frequent or more severe tardive dyskinesia or parkinsonism. Female smokers did have significantly more akathisia. These results are discussed with regard to interactions between smoking, central dopaminergic tone, and the psychopathology of extrapyramidal syndromes. The effect of smoking on neuroleptic blood levels as well as clinical symptomatology is also discussed.
Use of the fluorescent probe 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate to monitor the interactions of chlorophenols with phospholipid membranes (liposomes).

Abstract The fluorescence intensity (F480), at pH 8, of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) bound to phospholipid membranes (liposomes) was decreased in the presence of mono-, di- and pentachlorophenols (pesticides and chemical intermediates that are toxic to animals). No shifts in emission spectra occurred, and no decreases in ANS fluorescence intensity were observed, in the presence of chlorophenols if liposomes were absent. An exception was 2,6-dichlorophenol which, at pH 8, had no effect on membrane-bound ANS-F480. Using liposomes prepared from dimyristoyl lecithin, a 50 per cent decrease in membrane-bound ANS-F480 was produced by 0.046 mM pentachlorophenol and 0.2–0.5 mM dichlorophenols (excluding the 2,6-derivative). These results are consistent with published toxicological data on polychlorinated phenols that show an order of toxicity: pentachlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 2,6-dichlorophenol.
Globalizing German Colonialism

Despite exhortations to examine colonialism as a dynamic interplay between subjects and rulers, histories of German colonialism still largely tend to either study the structures of colonial rule in the colony or to map the politics and culture of colonialism in the metropole. This essay reviews recent books in the field of German colonialism that offer a diverse array of subject matter, chronologies, methodologies, and sources. Work reviewed includes Sebastian Conrad on the transnational construction of German nationalism; Sandra Mas on the gendered implications of colonial heroes and black savage warriors in Weimar-era propaganda; Andrea Schultze on the Berliner Mission's land ownership in South Africa; and Karin Schestokat on German women travel writers in Cameroon. By means of a detailed analysis of each book, the reviewer suggests that the effort to connect colony to metropole—and especially, to trace the impact of the colonies on German metropolitan society and culture—might ultimately be a futile one; for the larger metropolitan constructions of ‘race’ emerged in the first place to prevent just such an exchange.
Husband Hunting: Characterization and Narrative Art in the Gospel of John

Direct approaches to the characterization of Jesus in the Gospel of John produce E. Kasemann's glorified Lord. If one looks at Jesus through the eyes of two of the female characters, the Samaritan woman and Mary of Bethany, one encounters a potential lover or mate, a man capable of being loved and loving in return. By employing a mimetic theory of characterization and approaching the character of Jesus indirectly through the secondary characters, the reader constructs a "round" person. This reading of Jesus' character is supported by the exploration of these women's motives for their actions. In both cases, έρωζ, the desire to have and to keep that which is good or beautiful for one's own, compels them to act. In the first case, the result is comedy; in the second case, pathos. In either case, Jesus' response to their words and acts provides them with sufficient motivation to proceed with their overtures of love.
Resistant refractories for converters with combined blowing. Investigating periclase-carbon refractories for converters with combined blowing of the bath with oxygen

Influence de la concentration en carbone dans les refractaires periclase-carbone. Etude du comportement aux chocs thermiques. Determination de la vitesse d'usure des refractaires en fonction de la concentration en carbone
An Effective Lift-Off Method for Patterning High-Density Gold Interconnects on an Elastomeric Substrate

High-resolution, high-density gold interconnects are effectively patterned on an elastomeric substrate. A 3cm cable of ten gold wires with 10μm width and 20μm pitch is achieved, successfully demonstrating density increases of more than one order of magnitude from previously established work. Many applications in the fields of stretchable electronics and conformable neural interfaces will benefit from these fabrication developments.
Stokes flow in a curved duct – A Ritz method

Abstract Fully-developed slow viscous flow in a curved duct of arbitrary curvature is solved by an efficient Ritz variational method. For a duct of rectangular cross section the Ritz results agrees well with those obtained by a Fourier–Bessel expansion. The Ritz method is then applied to the elliptic cross section. The fluid properties for Stokes flow in a curved duct are discussed.
Attention to Key in a Nondirected Music Listening Task: Musicians vs. Nonmusicians

This study questions the assumption that a majority of nonmusicians pay attention to key when not specifically directed to do so. The question asked was "what do people hear," rather than "what can people hear." Musicians and nonmusicians listened to a song sung in a different key from its accompaniment. There were no other differences in the music stimuli. Subjects were asked what differences, if any, they heard. In other words, left to their own devices would listeners pay attention to and report the bitonality of the excerpt? Although 100% of the musicians heard the clash of keys, only 40% of the nonmusicians indicated that they heard the difference in keys between singer and accompaniment. Of these, half also mentioned nonexistent differences, for example, in instrumentation, dynamics, and tempo.
The hydrolysis/condensation behaviour of methacryloyloxyalkylfunctional alkoxysilanes: Structure-reactivity relations

Various methacryloyloxymethylalkoxysilanes have been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reactions starting from chloromethylalkoxysilanes under phase transfer catalysis conditions. The compounds thus obtained show an exceptionally high degree of reactivity with regard to hydrolysis and condensation both under acidic as well as under basic conditions compared to the established 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. A mechanistic model for this high reactivity by intramolecular activation is discussed.
Stress shielding reduced by a silicon plate-bone interface. A canine experiment.

Effects of modifying the plate-bone interface with Silastic® were tested. The experimental plate, i.e., a conventional plate with a Silastic® backing was compared with the standard plate. In vitro ...
Does supernova 1987A contain a rapidly vibrating neutron star

If the recently reported 0.5 ms-period pulsed optical signal from the direction of Supernova 1987A originated in a young neutron star, its interpretation as a rotational period has difficulties. The surface magnetic field would have to be much lower than expected, and the high rotation rate may rule out preferred nuclear equations of state. It is pointed out here that a remnant radial vibration of a neutron star, excited in the supernova event, may survive for several years with about the observed (gravitationally redshifted) period. Heavy ions at the low-density stellar surface, periodically shocked by the vibration, may efficiently produce narrow pulses of optical cyclotron radiation in a surface field of about a trillion gauss.
An integrated analysis of lithospheric structure across the East African plateau based on gravity anomalies and recent seismic studies

Abstract Data from recent gravity surveys carried out by the University of Texas at El Paso (USA) and other institutions and existing data were combined and integrated with seismic results from the KRISP project and geologic data to analyze the regional lithospheric structure beneath the East African plateau. A series of gravity maps were constructed, and they show that the East African plateau is associated with a broad negative gravity anomaly which is about 1200 ± 100 km wide and which has an amplitude of −150 ± 20 mGal. Superimposed on this anomaly are narrower, steeper-sided negative anomalies about 200 km wide with amplitudes of −30 to −60 mGal. These anomalies are associated with the eastern and western arms of the East African rift. These gravity maps also show low gravity gradients in the Tanzanian craton, Kasai craton and Congo basin areas while there are high gravity gradients within the rifts and at the mobile belt-craton boundaries. With increased filter wavelength cutoff, the rift-related gravity lows broaden and eventually merge into one broad low whose apex is centered on Lake Victoria. Seismic refraction, teleseismic, mantle xenolith, petrochemical and geologic data were used as constraints during the construction of a series of gravity models which represent integrated models of lithospheric structure across the East African plateau. Three W-E profiles across the plateau and one N-S profile along the axis of the Eastern rift in Kenya and Tanzania were modeled. These models together with the filtered gravity maps demonstrate lithospheric thinning beneath the rifts and suggest the existence of a deep mantle anomaly centered beneath the East African plateau and the Tanzanian craton. The mantle anomaly is widely believed to be a plume and our models indicate that the diameter of its head is about 600 km. Two arms with diameters less than 250 km extend from the plume head and penetrate the lithosphere to shallow levels under the Eastern and Western rifts. In the Western rift and the southern part of the Eastern rift (Tanzania), these features are deeper than under Kenya. This study provides additional evidence that the long wavelength Bouguer gravity anomaly over the East African plateau can be explained by lithospheric heating and thinning. The model along the axis of the Eastern rift suggests that it is propagating southwards into central Tanzania which is also suggested by the age of initiation of volcanism.
Concerning the Fortran 8X draft

In case you missed the October 1987 issue of Fortran Forum, you are reminded that the draft proposal for Fortran 8X is available for public review and comment, from now through February 23. Copies of the draft ($50.00) may be obtained from Global Engineering Documents Inc.: call them at (800) 248-0084 or (800) 854-7179. For international orders ($65.00), call (714) 540-9870.
Solid-state 33S MAS NMR of inorganic sulfates

Solid-state (33)S MAS NMR spectra of a variety of inorganic sulfates have been obtained at magnetic field strengths of 4.7, 14.1, 17.6, and 18.8 T. Some of the difficulties associated with obtaining natural abundance (33)S NMR spectra have been overcome by using a high magnetic field strength and magic angle spinning (MAS). Multiple factors were considered when analyzing the spectral linewidths, including magnetic field inhomogeneity, dipolar coupling, chemical shift anisotropy, chemical shift dispersion, and quadrupolar coupling. In most of these sulfate samples, quadrupolar coupling was the dominant line broadening mechanism. Nuclear electric quadrupolar coupling constants (C(q)) as large as 2.05 MHz were calculated using spectral simulation software. Spectral information from these new data are compared with X-ray measurements and GAUSSIAN 98W calculations. A general correlation was observed between the magnitude of the C(q) and the increasing difference between S-O bond distances within the sulfate groups. Solid-state (33)S spin-lattice (T(1)) relaxation times were measured and show a significant reduction in T(1) for the hydrated sulfates. This is most likely the result of the modulation of the time-dependent electric field gradient at the nuclear site by motion of water molecules. This information will be useful in future efforts to use (33)S NMR in the compositional and structural analysis of sulfur containing materials.
A Developmental Model for Primary Prevention of Chemical Abuse.

A review of correlates of chemical abuse provides background for an inferentially derived proposal for direction of prevention efforts in educational settings. The proposed developmental model suggests five simultaneously viewed perspectives for generating curriculum with a preventative thrust. The five perspectives provide the basis for a hierarchy of instructional objectives and direct the educator toward objectives of developmental growth for students.
The progesterone receptor‐like properies of Xenopus laevis oocyte melanosomes are probably due to eumelanin

The binding of progesterone to the melanosomes of the Xenopus laevis oocyte was examined. Based upon the similarities between the eumelanin complex, which is prepared by stripping melanosomes of their proteins, and synthetic melanin in regard to their association with progesterone and other steroids, the data strongly suggest that eumelanin rather than a protein is responsible for the receptor-like properties of the melanosomes.