cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary-secondary de-coupled ground source heat pump systems coefficient of performance optimization through entering water temperature control

Abstract A control technique to optimize an existing de-coupled primary-secondary ground source heat pump (GSHP) loop system using site data is presented. The proposed control algorithm improves system performance by optimizing the primary loop pump's flow of well water into the secondary loop to deliver more favorable water temperatures to downstream heat pumps. Improvements are presented on a specific installation using 15-minute interval data collected from a building automation system (BAS) for a period of one year. Energy savings are calculated to demonstrate the benefits of improved heat transfer by modulating the building heat pumps condenser/evaporator entering water temperatures to improve COP. The specifics of how to implement this control scheme with an existing de-coupled GSHP system are provided. By monitoring the building HVAC operations, and optimizing the entering secondary loop water temperature, a 3% decrease in annual heat pump energy consumption is achieved.
The challenges of local governance: Gear-based fragmentation in the Dominican fishery of Buen Hombre

Abstract The Dominican fishing community of Buen Hombre is struggling to reconcile its fishing activities with the state of the coral reef ecosystem on which it depends. The ecosystem is showing signs of deterioration, and this seems to be resulting in large part because of the fishing activities of the Buen Hombre fishermen. The institutional arrangements of the fishermen themselves, and of relevant external organizations, have not kept pace with important technological and demographic changes that have affected the community. This paper presents the results of an analysis that unpacks these processes via a statistical analysis of fishermen behavior and a social network analysis of the “cofishing” network that these fishermen constitute. The statistical analysis shows that gear choice is very important in explaining the amount of fish caught, both as a direct factor and as a mediator of other factors such as membership in the local fishermen's association. The social network analysis complements this result by demonstrating that gear choice also serves to segment the fishermen into separate groups, with few direct linkages between them. The resulting gear-based fragmentation of the community is seen to have negative implications for the ability of the fishermen to act collectively to conserve their fishery. The paper concludes with some thoughts and suggestions for how the community might move forward, including expanding the membership of the fishermen's association and strengthening ties between fishing groups as well as ties between the community and relevant governmental agencies.
Developmental differences in endothelium-dependent responses in isolated ovine pulmonary arteries and veins

Despite evidence for an important role for endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in transitional circulation, previous in vitro studies of newborn pulmonary arteries have demonstrated diminished EDRF activity when compared with arteries from older animals. We studied pulmonary arteries and veins isolated from early newborn and juvenile sheep using standard tissue bath techniques. Incubation of vessels with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) constricted veins but not arteries from both age groups. Further studies using preconstricted vessels revealed that arteries relaxed to acetylcholine (ACh), with significantly greater responses observed in juvenile arteries. Veins from both age groups contracted to ACh. Pretreatment with prostaglandin inhibitors (indomethacin and SQ 29,548) diminished ACh relaxations in pulmonary arteries from both age groups, greatly enhanced relaxations to ACh in newborn pulmonary veins, and depressed contractions in juvenile pulmonary veins. Removal of endothelium mechanically or functionally with prostaglandin inhibitors and L-NNA eliminated relaxations to ACh in pulmonary arteries from both age groups and resulted in contractions in veins. We conclude that isolated pulmonary veins from newborn sheep exhibit both baseline and stimulated release of EDRF, and we speculate that these venous responses may be important in the transitional pulmonary circulation.
Nanobiotechnology and the Food and Drug Administration

Nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology have the potential toprovide tools for in vitro and in vivo diagnostics for much earlier detection of disease; facilitate targeted drug delivery and regenerative medical applications; supply anti-microbial coatings for implanted medical devices; and enable devices that seek, bind to, and destroy tumor cells. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as the gatekeeper to clearance and approval of medical and healthcare products in the United States, will be largely responsible for the oversight of the clinical research, approval and marketing of nanotechnology products for human use. At the present time, nanotechnology products are assessed on a case by case basis using existing regulations without specific categories, requirements or processes applicable to nanotechnology. FDA is reviewing and has approved human drug and medical devices that classify as "nanoproducts" using the established oversight paths for drugs and devices. This approach has provoked debate, with some arguing that nanotechnology warrants its own oversight provisions. A July 2007 report of FDA's Nanotechnology Task Force flagged combination products utilizing nanotechnology as potentially problematic for the agency due to novel issues for regulation relating to scientific and technological features. While the creation of the OCP has resulted in a more collaborative approach to regulating emerging medical products crossing traditional boundaries among drugs, medical devices and biologics, the rapidly developing applications in nanomedicine that merge therapeutic drug delivery, imaging capabilities, and diagnostics may pose the next challenge. Unlike products at the macroscale, properties at the nanoscale and the distinction between chemical and mechanical action are not easily distinguishable or measurable. The challenge for FDA and other federal regulatory agencies grappling with the scope of nanotechnology will be determining whether nanotechnology products warrant additional regulations or whether current oversight can be adapted to the newly emerging capabilities and characteristics exhibited at the nanoscale.
Ensemble Forecasting of Volcanic Emissions in Hawai’i

Deterministic model forecasts do not convey to the end users the forecast uncertainty the models possess as a result of physics parameterizations, simplifications in model representation of physical processes, and errors in initial conditions. This lack of understanding leads to a level of uncertainty in the forecasted value when only a single deterministic model forecast is available. Increasing computational power and parallel software architecture allows multiple simulations to be carried out simultaneously that yield useful measures of model uncertainty that can be derived from ensemble model results. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integration Trajectory and Dispersion model has the ability to generate ensemble forecasts. A meteorological ensemble was formed to create probabilistic forecast products and an ensemble mean forecast for volcanic emissions from the Kilauea volcano that impacts the state of Hawai’i. The probabilistic forecast products show uncertainty in pollutant concentrations that are especially useful for decision-making regarding public health. Initial comparison of the ensemble mean forecasts with observations and a single model forecast show improvements in event timing for both sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosol forecasts.
Fluorescence imaging of tryptophan and collagen cross-links to evaluate wound closure ex vivo

Wound size is a key parameter in monitoring healing. Current methods to measure wound size are often subjective, time-consuming and marginally invasive. Recently, we developed a non-invasive, non-contact, fast and simple but robust fluorescence imaging (u-FEI) method to monitor the healing of skin wounds. This method exploits the fluorescence of native molecules to tissue as functional and structural markers. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the feasibility of using variations in the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan and cross-links of collagen to evaluate proliferation of keratinocyte cells and quantitate size of wound during healing, respectively. Circular dermal wounds were created in ex vivo human skin and cultured in different media. Two serial fluorescence images of tryptophan and collagen cross-links were acquired every two days. Histology and immunohistology were used to validate correlation between fluorescence and epithelialization. Images of collagen cross-links show fluorescence of the exposed dermis and, hence, are a measure of wound area. Images of tryptophan show higher fluorescence intensity of proliferating keratinocytes forming new epithelium, as compared to surrounding keratinocytes not involved in epithelialization. These images are complementary since collagen cross-links report on structure while tryptophan reports on function. HE and immunohistology show that tryptophan fluorescence correlates with newly formed epidermis. We have established a fluorescence imaging method for studying epithelialization processes during wound healing in a skin organ culture model, our approach has the potential to provide a non-invasive, non-contact, quick, objective and direct method for quantitative measurements in wound healing in vivo.
Googling for Meaning: Statutory Interpretation in the Digital Age

Dictionary use has become a common practice in modern statutory interpretation. This Essay offers a novel critique that challenges the status of the dictionary itself as an authoritative source of meaning. In today’s digitized world, traditional dictionaries are outmoded; sales of reference books are plummeting, and people are going online in unprecedented numbers for reference resources such as online dictionaries and Wikipedia. As a result, traditional dictionaries are losing both their descriptive authority to accurately reflect popular usage and their prescriptive authority to shape usage. This Essay thus argues that traditional dictionaries have become poor references for both plain meaning and legislative intent, calling into question their value to both textualist and purposivist analyses.
A fully coupled transient excited state model for the sodium channel. II. Implications for action potential generation, threshold, repetitive firing, and accommodation.

The axon membrane is simulated by standard Hodgkin-Huxley leakage and potassium channels plus a coupled transient excited state kinetic scheme for the sodium channel. This scheme for the sodium channel is as proposed previously by the author. Simultations are presented showing the form of the action potential, threshold behavior, accommodation, and repetitive firing. It is seen that the form of the individual action potential, its all-or-none nature, and its refractory period are well simulated by this model, as they are by the standard Hodgkin-Huxley model. However, the model differs markedly from the Hodgkin-Huxley model with respect to repetitive firing and accommodation to stimulating currents of slowly rising intensity, in ways that are anomn to be related to those features of the sodium inactivation which are anomalous to the H-H model. The tendency for repetitive firing is highly dependent on that parameter which primarily determintes the existence of the inactivation shift in voltage clamp experiments, in such a way that the more pronounced the inactivation shift, the less the tendency for repetitive firing,. The tendency for accommodation is highly dependent on that parameter which primarily determines the “τc − τh” separation, in such a way that the greater the separation the greater the tendency for the membrane to accommodate without firing action potentials to a slowly rising current.
Neuraminidase fromPasteurella haemolytica

A soluble extracellular antigen produced byPasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 possesses neuraminidase activity. The metal ions Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ stimulate enzyme activity, while the heavy metal ions Hg2+ and Fe3+ inhibit neuraminidase activity. Extensive dialysis of the enzyme with 50 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid does not result in loss of enzyme activity. Antiserum prepared againstPasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 inhibits neuraminidase activity 2.0- to 2.7-fold, suggesting that neuraminidase is part of the antigenic complex. Initial rate kinetics of neuraminidase reveals that the Michaelis constant for fetuin is 3.84 mg/ml (96 μM) and the maximal velocity (Vmax) is 0.53 mmol/min/mg of protein.
Creating Meaning in a World of Quantified Selves

A large part of the appeal of health tracking devices stems from their seeming objectivity. Built on sensors and algorithms, these systems appear neutral and consistent, impervious to human frailties and whims. Yet for many, use of these self-tracking techniques and technologies isn't straightforward. Here, the authors unpack four tensions surrounding self-tracking and discuss the role of quantification in understanding ourselves.
The Use of Langmuir Probe Measurements to Study Reaction Kinetics in Remote Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon

The reaction kinetics of Remote Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RPCVD) have been studied using Langmuir probe measurements of plasma density and plasma potential combined with growth rate data as a function of r-f power, chamber pressure, and substrate bias. An observed increase in growth rate for negative substrate bias suggests that argon ions drive the reaction. The variation of ion density, and plasma potential with r-f power suggests that the flux of argon ions, not their kinetic energy is responsible for increased growth rates at higher r-f powers.
Induction of preneoplastic alterations by X rays and neutrons in exposed rat tracheas and isolated tracheal epithelial cells.

The relative potential of high- and low-LET radiation to induce preneoplastic alterations in rat tracheal epithelial cells was evaluated using a combined in vivo-cell culture model. The capacity of X rays and high- and low-dose-rate neutrons to induce preneoplastic changes in isolated rat tracheal epithelial cells and in the intact tissue was compared. The presence of altered populations was determined in culture in terms of the frequency of tracheal epithelial cell populations which exhibit enhanced growth capacity in culture and in terms of the induction of persistent morphological alterations in exposed transplanted tracheas. Prior to assaying for altered cells, tracheal epithelial cells were irradiated as part of the intact tissue or as single cells. Low- and high-LET radiation induced similar maximum frequencies of altered cells when cultures were exposed as single cells, although high-LET radiation was more radiobiologically effective (RBE = 20) than low-LET radiation. The most marked difference bet...
Influence of Incoherent Pumping on Slow Light Propagation in Rubidium Atomic Vapor

We study influence of incoherent pumping on slow light propagation in rubidium atomic vapor. We show that the pumping allows to increase dynamic range of the system compared with the usual slow light system.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Thymoma: Loss of Serum Inhibitor of Erythropoiesis Following Thymectomy

A 32-yr-old black female with pure red cell aplasia and thymoma showed complete hematologic remission after thymectomy. Bioassay of preoperative serum and urine in exhypoxic polycythemic mice revealed the presence of significant levels of erythropoiesis-stimulating factor (ESF or erythropoietin). Antierythropoietin completely neutralized the erythropoietic effect of these samples. Utilizing both normal and exhypoxic polycythemic mice, the preoperative serum and urine were also found to contain a potent inhibitor of erythropoiesis. However, no such activity was demonstrated in saline extracts of the tumor tissue. The inhibitor was present in the serum IgG fraction. Serum to which excess ESF had been added, after prior neutralization of endogenous ESF with anti-ESF, failed to stimulate erythropoiesis in the polycythemic mouse.
Visuomotor Learning Generalizes Around the Intended Movement.

Human motor learning is useful if it generalizes beyond the trained task. Here, we introduce a new idea about how human visuomotor learning generalizes. We show that learned reaching movements generalize around where a person intends to move (i.e., aiming direction) as opposed to where they actually move. We used a visual rotation paradigm that allowed us to disentangle whether generalization is centered on where people aim to move, where they actually move, or where visual feedback indicates they moved. Participants reached to a visual target with their arm occluded from view. The cursor feedback was rotated relative to the position of their unseen hand to induce learning. Participants verbally reported their aiming direction, reached, and then were shown the outcome. We periodically introduced single catch trials with no feedback to measure learning. Results showed that learning was maximal at the participants’ aiming location, and not at the actual hand position or where the cursor was displayed. This demonstrates that visuomotor learning generalizes around where we intend to move rather than where we actually move, and thus introduces a new role for cognitive processes beyond simply reducing movement error.
28 DOES MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING HELP DECREASE BODY MASS INDEX IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS

Background No primary care interventions have been proven effective to treat childhood or adolescent obesity. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a brief counseling technique that appears promising as an intervention to change adolescent behavior; its usefulness in adolescent obesity has not been reviewed. Purpose To systematically review the literature on MI and adolescent obesity. Methods PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant articles. The following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were included: MI, childhood obesity, obesity, motivational counseling, brief intervention, and overweight. PubMed searches were limited to humans and English only. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and observational studies of MI in children and randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and observational studies of MI in childhood obesity and in obesity in all ages. Summary of Results A total of 75 articles were found, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. There were two Cochrane reviews, twp observational studies, one systematic review, one RCT of brief intervention and children, and four RCTs of MI and adult obesity. MI has been shown to have a modest effect in changing the behavior of adolescents about substance use, diabetes, dietary adherence, contraceptive use, and HIV/AIDS prevention, as well as changing lifestyle in adults. There were no studies addressing the use of MI in adolescent obesity. Conclusions MI has a modest effect in modifying behavior in adolescents. It may be promising as an intervention to change adolescent lifestyle and help decrease BMI. Better clinical studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Determination of Pesticide Residues in Rice by Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Objective To establish a method for determination of 9organophosphorus pesticides and 8organochlorine pesticides in rice by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Methods Samples were extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction using acetone,compared the effects of acetone,acetonitrile and petroleum ether as solvent extraction,purified by Carb/NH2 solid phase extraction by different proportions of acetone-dichloromethane were tested to find the mixture of acetone-dichloromethane(1:1,V/V)had best elution performance,determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in selected ion monitoring(SIM)mode,using VF-1701 Pesticides column.The pesticides were identified with retention time and selected ions and their relative abundances,quantified by external standard method. Results The limit of detection was 1.0-8.8μg/kg,the average recoveries ranged from 67.3% to105.9%,the relative standard deviations(RSD)were less then 10%,the correlation coefficient(r)0.993. Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and sensitive,accepted with correlative request of national food safety standard.
Experiment on natural vibration characteristics of suspension based on simulation of semi-vehicle

In this paper the vertical and lateral test models of vehicle body-frame double mass system were established.The inverse displacement analysis model of the excitation platform was put forward,which was based on the theory of homogeneous rotation matrix.The control command for the vibration exciter was solved via the inverse displacement analysis model.Meanwhile,a vehicle test for vertical natural frequency was conducted.The test result was consistent with theoretical value,which proved the accuracy of the test method.
Pulsatile perfusion versus conventional high-flow nonpulsatile perfusion for rapid core cooling and rewarming of infants for circulatory arrest in cardiac operation

Thirty consecutive infants undergoing hypothermia and circulatory arrest for repair of ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great vessels, or atrioventricular canal defects were alternately selected for conventional high flow nonpulsatile perfusion or pulsatile perfusion during core cooling and rewarming. All received morphine anesthesia, 30 mg/kg of Solu-Medrol, and 10 to 15 mcg/kg of phentolamine. Those receiving nonpulsatile flow were perfused at a rate of 160 to 180 cc/kg/min with a roller pump and oxygenator with arterial pressure of 50 to 55 mm Hg. In the pulsatile flow group, a roller pump and oxygenator were used, and an especially constructed Datascope PAD (pulsatile assist device) was interposed in the arterial line to provide pulsatile perfusion with 75/40 mm Hg pressure at slightly reduced flow (150 cc/kg/min). The average rectal, esophageal, and tympanic membrane temperatures were reduced to approximately 16 degrees C prior to circulatory arrest. Following repair, perfusion was resumed until these temperatures returned to 37 degrees C. Cooling and rewarming were enhanced by pulsatile perfusion, with over 30% reduction in total pump time. Additionally, the larger patients in the pulsatile group cooled almost as rapidly as the smaller. The rates of decline and subsequent rise of rectal, esophageal, and tympanic membrane temperatures were equal in the pulsatile group, but the rectal temperature lagged far behind in the nonpulsatile group. Urine production during bypass was 100% greater in the pulsatile group. The plasma free hemoglobin was similar in both groups. The average postrewarming pH was 7.31 in the nonpulsatile group and 7.42 in the pulsatile group. Infants receiving pulsatile flow awakened more quickly, were more alert, and required less postoperative mechanical ventilation. We suggest that pulsatile perfusion for core cooling and rewarming of infants is safe and is more rapid and physiological than conventional high-flow nonpulsatile perfusion.
Side Effects Associated with Intravesical Mitomycin C

The nature and severity of side effects accompanying intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C were studied in 29 patients. No patient experienced systemic toxicity. Local side effects developed in 7 patients (24 per cent), and consisted of moderate cystitis in 3 and drug-related palmar desquamation, with or without generalized rash, in 4. Based on skin tests 3 of these patients were believed to have a contact dermatitis. The fourth patient had a generalized rash, in addition to palmar desquamation, that appeared after subsequent instillations of mitomycin C and the drug had to be discontinued. Careful cleansing of the hands and perineum on the day of treatment can prevent most skin reactions.
Antibody production in rhesus monkeys following prolonged administration of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Recently, a model for early pregnancy in the rhesus monkey was developed which involved administration of a 10-day treatment regimen of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The current studies were designed to determine whether monkeys produced antibodies in response to this hCG regimen and, if so, to characterize the specificity of the antibodies and their effects on subsequent menstrual cycles. Based on Sephadex chromatography and immunoglobulin precipitation with protein A, serum collected from hCG-treated monkeys contained binding components for 125 I-hCG. Binding was specific for human gonadotropins (hCG, human luteinizing hormone [LH], human follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) and did not cross-react with macaque LH/FSH. Shortening the hCG regimen to ≤ 6days did not result in significant binding. The 10-day hCG regimen did not alter subsequent menstrual cycles, but attenuated 17β-estradiol production in response to human menopausal gonadotropin. In conclusion, the 10-day regimen of hCG treatments used to simulate early pregnancy in rhesus monkeys induced the production of serum components with characteristics of hCG antibodies. These antibodies did not alter the regulation of the menstrual cycle, but attenuated the response to exogenous human gonadotropins.
A few results and open problems regarding incompressible fluids

658 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 42, NUMBER 6 W ater in the oceans and air in the atmosphere are examples of incompressible fluids—fluids that do not change their volume while they flow. They display a truly amazing range of phenomena, from regular patterns to turbulence. Despite this complexity, incompressible fluids are described by only a few partial differential equations and two kinds of limits. In the first limit, time tends to infinity, and in the second limit, coefficients in the equation are varied. The two limits do not commute in general; they can also represent different physical and mathematical situations. I will try to illustrate these issues in an informal manner below.
Superposition coding in the combination network

We present an inner bound for the combination network based on superposition coding and partial interference decoding. This inner bound is tight in the three-user and K-user symmetric cases, where capacity has been previously characterized. However, unlike previous achievability schemes, the scheme presented herein does not require network coding. By avoiding network coding, our inner bound has fewer extraneous parameters. Moreover, it contains the intersection of polymatroids, one for each receiver, a structure that may be more amenable to further analysis than the previous inner bounds for the combination network.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Stocking Healthy Food Options: Viewpoints of Baltimore City Small Storeowners

Receptivity to strategies to improve the food environment by increasing access to healthier foods in small food stores is underexplored. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with small storeowners of different ethnic backgrounds as part of a small-store intervention trial. Store owners perceived barriers and facilitators to purchase, stock, and promote healthy foods. Barriers mentioned included customer preferences for higher fat and sweeter taste and for lower prices; lower wholesaler availability of healthy food; and customers' lack of interest in health. Most store owners thought positively of taste tests, free samples, and communication interventions. However, they varied in terms of their expectations of the effect of these strategies on customers' healthy food purchases. The findings reported add to the limited data on motivating and working with small-store owners in low-income urban settings.
Genomic Diversity of Type B3 Bacteriophages of Caulobacter crescentus

The genomes of the type B3 bacteriophages that infect Caulobacter crescentus are among the largest phage genomes thus far deposited into GenBank with sizes over 200 kb. In this study, we introduce six new bacteriophage genomes which were obtained from phage collected from various water systems in the southeastern United States and from tropical locations across the globe. A comparative analysis of the 12 available genomes revealed a “core genome” which accounts for roughly 1/3 of these bacteriophage genomes and is predominately localized to the head, tail, and lysis gene regions. Despite being isolated from geographically distinct locations, the genomes of these bacteriophages are highly conserved in both genome sequence and gene order. We also identified the insertions, deletions, translocations, and horizontal gene transfer events which are responsible for the genomic diversity of this group of bacteriophages and demonstrated that these changes are not consistent with the idea that modular reassortment of genomes occurs in this group of bacteriophages.
Prefrontally-mediated alterations in the retrieval of negative events: Links to memory vividness across the adult lifespan.

Abstract Prior research has identified age-by-valence interactions in both behavior and neural recruitment; age has been associated with increased retrieval of positive relative to negative information as well as an increased tendency to recruit prefrontal regions during negative event retrieval and for this recruitment to correspond to decreased hippocampal connectivity. To date, the explicit relation between prefrontal recruitment and memory phenomenology has not been examined. The current study examined the link between these two measures by examining age-by-valence interactions in the relation between prefrontal recruitment and subjective ratings of memory vividness. Participants (ages 18–85) encoded visual images paired with verbal titles. During a scanned retrieval session, they were presented with titles and asked whether each had been seen with an image during encoding. Participants provided vividness ratings following retrieval of each image. Age was associated with greater prefrontally-mediated alterations in negative event phenomenology, with age-related increases in the relation between ventral prefrontal regions and negative event vividness and age-related decreases in the relation between dorsal prefrontal regions and negative event vividness. This analysis confirmed a critical role of PFC regions in age-by-valence interactions, where age reversed the relation between PFC recruitment and the subjective richness of retrieved memory representation. These findings are consistent with studies that reveal age-related enhancements in emotion regulation, and suggest that older adults may be engaging in these processes during retrieval of negative events.
Keynote: Architecture and software for emerging low-power systems

We have been experiencing two very important developments in computing. On the one hand, a tremendous amount of resources have been invested into innovative applications such as first-principle based models, deep learning and cognitive computing. On the other hand, the industry has been taking a technological path where application performance and power efficiency vary by more than two orders of magnitude depending on their parallelism, heterogeneity, and locality. We envision a “perfect storm” is coming for future computing resulting from the fact that data movement has become the dominating factor for both power and performance of high-valued applications. It will be critical to match the compute throughput to the data access bandwidth and to locate the compute at where the data is. Much has been and continuously needs to be learned about of algorithms, languages, compilers and hardware architecture in this movement. What are the killer applications that may become the new diver for future technology development? How hard is it to program existing systems to address the date movement issues today? How will we program these systems in the future? How will innovations in memory devices present further opportunities and challenges in designing new systems? What is the impact on long-term software engineering cost on applications (and legacy applications in particular)? In this talk, I will present some lessons learned as we design the IBM-Illinois C3SR Erudite system inside this perfect storm.
Synthetic cannabinoids found in "spice" products alter body temperature and cardiovascular parameters in conscious male rats.

Abstract Background The misuse of synthetic cannabinoids is a persistent public health concern. Because these drugs target the same cannabinoid receptors as the active ingredient of marijuana, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), we compared the effects of synthetic cannabinoids and THC on body temperature and cardiovascular parameters. Methods Biotelemetry transmitters for the measurement of body temperature or blood pressure (BP) were surgically implanted into separate groups of male rats. THC and the synthetic cannabinoids CP55,940, JWH-018, AM2201 and XLR-11 were injected s.c., and rats were placed into isolation cubicles for 3 h. Results THC and synthetic cannabinoids produced dose-related decreases in body temperature that were most prominent in the final 2 h of the session. The rank order of potency was CP55,940 > AM2201 = JWH–018 > THC = XLR-11. The cannabinoid inverse agonist rimonabant antagonized the hypothermic effect of all compounds. Synthetic cannabinoids elevated BP in comparison to vehicle treatment during the first h of the session, while heart rate was unaffected. The rank order of potency for BP increases was similar to that seen for hypothermia. Hypertensive effects of CP55,940 and JWH-018 were not antagonized by rimonabant or the neutral antagonist AM4113. However, the BP responses to both drugs were antagonized by pretreatment with either the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium or the α1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin. Conclusions Our results show that synthetic cannabinoids produce hypothermia in rats by a mechanism involving cannabinoid receptors, while they increase BP by a mechanism independent of these sites. The hypertensive effect appears to involve central sympathetic outflow.
A Route to Insight via Another’s Pain: The Facilitating Effect of Schadenfreude on Creativity

The present research investigates whether experiencing schadenfreude – the malicious pleasure felt at another’s misfortune – enhances creativity. Across four studies (n = 632), we found that incide...
Abstract IA20: Chemical-genetic interaction maps for precision therapies in breast and ovarian cancers

There is an urgent need in oncology to link molecular aberrations in tumors with therapeutics that can be administered in a personalized fashion. One approach identifies synthetic-lethal genetic interactions or emergent dependencies that cancer cells acquire in the presence of specific mutations. Using breast epithelial cells as a base we have developed methodologies to connect tumor mutations with drug sensitivity using quantitative functional genomic screens to create chemical-genetic interaction maps. The focus of the lab is to use these maps to uncover new synthetic-lethal relationships and identify new biomarkers for targeted as well as chemotherapy. I will describe new approaches to use these quantitative maps to uncover drug mechanism of action as well as integrate with cancer cell line collections to predict drug responses in cancer. Citation Format: Sourav Bandyopadhyay. Chemical-genetic interaction maps for precision therapies in breast and ovarian cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Retrospective evaluation of the prognostic utility of plasma lactate concentration, base deficit, pH, and anion gap in canine and feline emergency patients

Objective To determine the association of plasma lactate concentration, pH, base deficit (BD), and anion gap (AG) in dogs and cats on presentation to an emergency room with outcome, and to compare the prognostic significance of hyperlactatemia with a concurrent metabolic acidosis with that of hyperlactatemia and a normal metabolic acid-base balance. Design Retrospective study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Five hundred sixty-six dogs and 185 cats that had venous blood gas analysis performed. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Medical records were reviewed for plasma lactate concentrations, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base parameters obtained on emergency room admission, clinical diagnosis, and in-hospital mortality. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality for the hospitalized visit. Median plasma lactate concentration and AG were higher, BD was more negative, and pH was lower, in non-survivor dogs and cats. The prevalence of hyperlactatemia was 53% in dogs and 30% in cats. Lactic acidosis was present in 42% and 80% of hyperlactatemic dogs and cats, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that plasma lactate concentration, BD, and pH, but not AG, were independent predictors of mortality in dogs, and that only plasma lactate concentration was an independent predictor of mortality in cats. Mortality was highest for animals with lactic acidosis, at 59.8% in dogs and 49% in cats. Mortality in dogs with lactic acidosis was significantly higher than dogs with hyperlactatemia and a normal acid-base status (P Conclusions The presence and magnitude of hyperlactatemia on presentation to the emergency room may help identify dogs and cats with high likelihood of in-hospital mortality, and the presence of lactic acidosis specifically may help identify dogs with yet higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Shape of power yield distribution: impact on EOQ model with nonlinear holding cost and random quality

The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is based on a series of highly restrictive assumptions among which are deterministic demand, constant holding costs across time and perfect quality of replen...
Plasma-assisted chemical vapor synthesis of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowder and hydrogen-sensing property of ITO thin film

Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were synthesized by plasma-assisted chemical vapor synthesis route using indium nitrate and tin nitrate as the precursors. The injected precursors were vaporized in the plasma flame followed by vapor-phase reaction and subsequent quenching of the vaporized precursors produced nanosized ITO. The amount of tin nitrate was varied to obtain 5, 10 and 15 atomic percent Sn designated as ITO1, ITO2 and ITO3, respectively. The grain size of the produced ITO powder increased with increasing plasma torch power. On the other hand, it decreased with increasing plasma gas flow rate. The electrical and optical properties of ITO films prepared by spin-coating a dispersion of synthesized nanoparticles on a glass substrate vary as a function of tin content. Hall effect measurements showed that the minimum resistivity of 6.65 × 10−4 Ωcm was obtained for ITO2 film. ITO1 and ITO2 film exhibited an average transmission of 85% indicating their suitability in optoelectronic applications. The ITO gas sensor was exposed to different concentrations of H2 gas and temperatures to evaluate its gas sensitivity. The optimum operating temperature and gas concentration of H2 showing the highest sensitivity was determined to be 350 °C and 400 ppm, respectively. The linear relation between sensitivity and concentration up to 400 ppm of H2 can benefit the actuator to detect the concentration of H2 and thus making it suitable for high-performance hydrogen gas sensing applications.
Errors in the Estimation of System Kernels

Estimation of kernels with the crosscorrelation technique is associated with a variety of errors. The most important of these errors are due to the finite bandwidth and the finite record length of the quasiwhite stimulus signal, since the white-noise method and the crosscorrelation technique are theoretically designed for a white stimulus signal of infinite bandwidth and record length. It is important for the user of the white-noise method to have a quantitative idea of the estimation error that is committed using any of the quasiwhite test signals that have been previously discussed (Chapter 5).
(e,2e) Calculations Using a Correlated Final State

The theory of Brauner, Briggs, and Klar (1989) is generalized so it can be applied to other than one electron atoms. Results are reported for the triply differential cross sections of helium at fairly high energy with asymmetric kinematics. The process of simultaneous excitation and ionization is discussed and some recently computed theoretical cross sections are presented.
The integral line-beam method for gamma skyshine analysis

This paper presents a refinement of a simplified method, based on line-beam response functions, for performing skyshine calculations for shielded and collimated gamma-ray sources. New coefficients for an empirical fit to the line-beam response function are provided and a prescription for making the response function continuous in energy and emission direction is introduced. For a shielded source, exponential attenuation and a buildup factor correction for scattered photons in the shield are used. Results of the new integral line-beam method of calculation are compared to a variety of benchmark experimental data and calculations and are found to give generally excellent agreement at a small fraction of the computational expense required by other skyshine methods.
Alternatives to Navigation

While the surgical navigation has become a mainstream CAOS technology, there are other technologies that encompass a wide spectrum of applications and devices. Many of these are technically capable and potentially useful tools that can revolutionize the surgical management of orthopaedic conditions. However, the challenges that remain for the clinicians and developers of these systems are not only to understand what these new technologies and tools can accomplish, but also to understand their limitations. It is expected that these systems will gradually evolve in future to become more user friendly, less invasive and less expensive. Eventually these assisting technologies will permit the development of new generation of surgical procedures that surgeons are not capable of performing today because of surgical limitations.
Predicting Calendar Aging in Lithium Metal Secondary Batteries: The Impacts of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition and Stability

Author(s): Wood, Sean M; Fang, Chengcheng; Dufek, Eric J; Nagpure, Shrikant C; Sazhin, Sergiy V; Liaw, Boryann; Meng, Y Shirley
Coated microneedle-based cutaneous immunotherapy prevents Der p 1–induced airway allergy in mice

Der p1-coated microneedles after just three minutes of application led to efficient allergen delivery into skin and prevented development of airway allergy in a mouse. Allergen-coated microneedles may have potential for minimally-invasive allergen vaccination and immunotherapy.
Comparative genomics of the Erwinia and Enterobacter olive fly endosymbionts.

The pestivorous tephritid olive fly has long been known as a frequent host of the obligately host-associated bacterial endosymbiont, Erwinia dacicola, as well as other facultative endosymbionts. The genomes of Erwinia dacicola and Enterobacter sp. OLF, isolated from a California olive fly, encode the ability to supplement amino acids and vitamins missing from the olive fruit on which the larvae feed. The Enterobacter sp. OLF genome encodes both uricase and ureases, and the Er. dacicola genome encodes an allantoate transport pathway, suggesting that bird feces or recycling the fly’s waste products may be important sources of nitrogen. No homologs to known nitrogenases were identified in either bacterial genome, despite suggestions of their presence from experiments with antibiotic-treated flies. Comparisons between the olive fly endosymbionts and their free-living relatives revealed similar GC composition and genome size. The Er. dacicola genome has fewer genes for amino acid metabolism, cell motility, and carbohydrate transport and metabolism than free-living Erwinia spp. while having more genes for cell division, nucleotide metabolism and replication as well as mobile elements. A 6,696 bp potential lateral gene transfer composed primarily of amino acid synthesis and transport genes was identified that is also observed in Pseudomonas savastanoii pv savastanoii, the causative agent of olive knot disease.
Turning point or tipping point: new FDA draft guidances and the future of DTC advertising.

ABSTRACT: According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) research, direct-to-consumer (DTC) drug ads are not as empowering as they were even three years ago. How will the FDA's new draft guidances...
PROTECTING OLDER ADULTS FROM ABUSE USING THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF IOWA

With the growing aging population, elder abuse is on the rise in the United States (U.S.). Approximately 1 in 10 Americans over the age of 60 years have experienced some form of elder abuse (Teaster, Dugar, Mendiondo, Abner, Cecil, & Otto, 2007). In Iowa, protecting older Iowans from abuse has been put on the policymakers’ agenda through corresponding policies and services. The goal of this paper is to find out the service gaps to better protect these special group. Through analyzing datasets of professionals and service providers, and of older adults aged 50 years and over, the results indicate that for respondents reporting on abuse experienced before and after age 50 years, emotional abuse is the most frequently experienced type of abuse (being put down or made fun of both before age 50 and after age 50). Furthermore, the incidence of abuse reported by respondents before age 50 is a little higher than after age 50. The relationship between race and each category of elder abuse before the age of 50 is statistically significant (p < 0.05). After comparing different perceptions of professionals and service providers and of older adults regarding elder abuse policies and services, given that professionals and service providers are critical for preventing elder abuse, future targeted strategies should address service gaps reflected in this survey to overcome the barriers to reporting abuse experienced by older adults and provide the means for older adults to live independently.
Influence of Limb Dominance and Cognitive Loading Upon Upper-Extremity Bimanual Motor Control

Date Presented 04/06/19 OTs commonly treat persons with varying degrees of hemiplegia. This study explored two strategies (limb dominance and cognitive loading) that would either facilitate or inhibit upper-extremity motor control. In a healthy population, limb dominance had much more of an inhibiting effect upon bimanual motor control than cognitive loading. This may be an important consideration when teaching persons with hemiplegia during upper-extremity bimanual functional activities. Primary Author and Speaker: Martin Rice Additional Authors and Speakers: Joseph Sharaya Contributing Authors: Hannah Esperanza, Robert Breneman