cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Egg Consumption and Risk of Heart Failure in the Physicians’ Health Study

Background— Reduction in dietary cholesterol is widely recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Although eggs are important sources of dietary cholesterol and other nutrients, little is known about the association between egg consumption and heart failure (HF) risk. Methods and Results— In a prospective cohort study of 21 275 participants from the Physicians’ Health Study I, we examined the association between egg consumption and the risk of HF. Egg consumption was assessed with the use of a simple abbreviated food questionnaire, and we used Cox regression to estimate relative risks of HF. After an average follow-up of 20.4 years, a total of 1084 new HF cases occurred in this cohort. Although egg consumption up to 6 times per week was not associated with incident HF, egg consumption of ≥7 per week was associated with an increased risk of HF. Compared with subjects who reported egg consumption of <1 per week, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for HF were 1.28 (1.02 to 1.61) and 1.64...
Preservation of Thermo-Optical Properties of Painted Caisson During Road Transportation: Hydrophobic “Easy-to-Clean” Coating Influence

Heat dissipation in transportation of nuclear materials is strongly dependant of radiation exchanges from the external faces of the protective caisson, surrounding nuclear material packaging. However, the thermo-optical properties of the external paint, total hemispheric emissivity and solar absorbance factor, are degraded during transportations. This degradation is due to the dirtying, and does not permit to fully use high emissive and low absorbent paint.Commercial “easy-to-clean” coating has been tested on epoxy-based paint. This transparent varnish is hydrophobic and release dirt out of the treated surface.Laboratory dirtying tests with “carbon black” solution simulate penalizing dirt exposure. And different measurements (colour lightness, total hemispheric emissivity and solar absorbance factor), made before and after dirtying and cleaning steps, permit to quantify the “easy-to-clean” property of this coating.The commercial coating tested in this study does not modify the initial thermo-optical properties of the paint, and is very efficient to maintain them after dirtying and simple cleaning steps. So, the addition of this coating could be an easy way to improve the heat release during nuclear material transportations.Dirt exposure test on real caisson are in progress to confirm the conclusions of this laboratory study.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Effect of mechanical agitation on hybridoma cell growth

Hybridoma cells (S3H5/γ2bA2) were grown in spinner flasks at different agitation speeds. It was found that cells in stationary and decline phases of growth were sensitive to shear force caused by agitation but cells in growth phase seemed less sensitive to the shear forces introduced. The death rate was found to be. 0.007 hr−1 in T flasks but 0.018 hr−1 and 0.028 hr−1 at 100 and 200 rpm, respectively, while the growth rate was about 0.05 hr−1 for all cases.
Human cancer cells express Slug-based epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene expression signature obtained in vivo

The biological mechanisms underlying cancer cell motility and invasiveness remain unclear, although it has been hypothesized that they involve some type of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We used xenograft models of human cancer cells in immunocompromised mice, profiling the harvested tumors separately with species-specific probes and computationally analyzing the results. Here we show that human cancer cells express in vivo a precise multi-cancer invasion-associated gene expression signature that prominently includes many EMT markers, among them the transcription factor Slug, fibronectin, and α-SMA. We found that human, but not mouse, cells express the signature and Slug is the only upregulated EMT-inducing transcription factor. The signature is also present in samples from many publicly available cancer gene expression datasets, suggesting that it is produced by the cancer cells themselves in multiple cancer types, including nonepithelial cancers such as neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we found that the presence of the signature in human xenografted cells was associated with a downregulation of adipocyte markers in the mouse tissue adjacent to the invasive tumor, suggesting that the signature is triggered by contextual microenvironmental interactions when the cancer cells encounter adipocytes, as previously reported. The known, precise and consistent gene composition of this cancer mesenchymal transition signature, particularly when combined with simultaneous analysis of the adjacent microenvironment, provides unique opportunities for shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of cancer invasiveness as well as identifying potential diagnostic markers and targets for metastasis-inhibiting therapeutics.
Origin of the late heavy bombardment

Abstract Cratering data from the Moon, Mars, and Mercury have been interpreted by some as evidence that the inner solar system underwent a period of intense bombardment that ended about 4 × 10 9 yr ago. Planetary perturbations of small objects within the solar system seem unable to account for the effect. This paper suggests that stellar perturbations from members of the original open cluster within which the Sun formed triggered the brief flux of objects responsible for the bombardment.
THE NEONATAL BAEP AS A PREDICTOR OF NEURO-DEVELOPMENT

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP) were recorded in 24 high risk neonates in the intensive care unit. The following risk factors were present alone or in combination in all subjects: birth-weight below 1500 gm, gestational age below 33 weeks, intracranial hemorrhage, birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and seizures. The infants tested ranged in gestational age from 25-44 weeks. The BAEP testing was performed between 37 and 42 weeks post-conceptional age, using monoaural 70 dBHL rarefaction clicks presented at a rate of 11/sec. Serial recordings were obtained in all preterm infants. Wave I and V peak latencies and wave I-V interwave intervals were measured and compared to a group of 40 low-risk neonates. Abnormalities of one or more BAEP parameters were found in 10 high-risk neonates; at 18 to 24 months Bayley Scale scores were more than one standard deviation below the mean standard score for age in 6 of these infants, two of whom had cerebral palsy. However, 5 of 14 infants who had normal BAEP latencies in the newborn period were found at 18 to 24 months to have Bayley Scale scores more than one standard deivation below the mean for age. These findings indicate a lack of correlation between the BAEP latencies and neurodevelopmental outcome. Therefore, in contrast to results reported by others, we found no correlation between BAEP latencies in the neonatal period and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 18 to 24 months.
Angiotensin II Induces Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Gene Expression in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract —Monocyte infiltration into the vessel wall, a key initial step in the process of atherosclerosis, is mediated in part by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Hypertension, particularly in the presence of an activated renin-angiotensin system, is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. To investigate a potential molecular basis for a link between hypertension and atherosclerosis, we studied the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on MCP-1 gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Rat smooth muscle cells treated with Ang II exhibited a dose-dependent increase in MCP-1 mRNA accumulation that was prevented by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan. Ang II also activated MCP-1 gene transcription. Inhibition of NADH/NADPH oxidase, which generates superoxide and H2O2, with diphenylene iodonium or apocynin decreased Ang II–induced MCP-1 mRNA accumulation. Induction of MCP-1 gene expression by Ang II was inhibited by catalase, suggesting a second messenger role for H2O2. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD098059 inhibited Ang II–induced MCP-1 gene expression, consistent with a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling mechanism. Ang II may thus promote atherogenesis by direct activation of MCP-1 gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.
New vagary of a concave grating

A failure of the second and third orders from a concave grating to focus in the same curve is described. The fourth and fifth orders show no anomaly. No logical explanation seems possible at present but it is pointed out that the effect may be common though undetected.
a New Feature of Strong Interactions

Evidence is presented that in a broad energy and angular range, and for a variety of elementary particle reactions driven by strong interactions, the reaction amplitudes in the planar-transverse optimal system are relatively pure real or pure imaginary.
Analysis of Crack Resistance for Hybrid Fiber Mortar

Due to the poor reproducibility of traditional plate method, the new knife-edge binding method is chosen to study the effects and the impact law in the crack resistance of the cement mortar with fiber in it. Mortar specimens with an equal volume of ash (0.1%) single-doped, mixed-doped polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber compared to the plain matrix mortar specimens on cracking performance tests within 24h. The results showed that: For the single-doped specimen, the longer the fiber the more excellent of its crack resistance, 30mm basalt fiber mortar improves the cracking performance by 99.1%; for the mixed-doped specimen, with the similar length of polypropylene fibers and basalt fiber mixed in have the optimal performance,the cracking performance improves 99.5%; With mixed fiber types (three kinds of fiber mixed-doped) increasing, although the specimen crack resistance decreased, but still increase the rate of 75.6% in the cracking performance.
1747 OPIOID EFFECTS ON LUNG MATURATION IN FETAL RABBITS

Based on the observations that the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome is less in infants of opiate-addicted mothers, and that amniotic fluid and fetal cord blood endorphins are increased during late gestation, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous opioids modulate fetal lung development. Pregnant rabbits received daily intramuscular injections, from days 18 to 28 of gestation, of either morphine sulfate (MS) (1.0 mg/kg), naloxone (NLX) (0.4 mg), or saline (C). Their fetuses, delivered prematurely on day 28 (term ∼ 31 days), were assessed for differences in their lung static pressure-volume (P-V) characteristics and morphology. The mean (± SE) deflation lung volume at transthoracic pressure (PT) = 5 cm H2O (V5), expressed as a percentage of the lung volume at PT = 40 (V40), amounted to 70.9 (± 4.3), 52.9 (± 5.8), and 33.9 (± 7.3)% in the MS, C, and NLX fetuses, respectively. Thus, relative to the C group, the MS fetuses had P-V curves displaced significantly (p < .05) upward and to the left, indicating increased alveolar stability; whereas the curves of the NLX fetuses were displaced significantly (p < .05) downward and to the right, demonstrating decreased alveolar stability. Moreover, relative to the C lungs, the MS lungs also appeared more mature histologically, having thinner alveolar septa and a greater airspace-to-tissue ratio. In contrast, the NLX lungs were less developed. These data provide evidence that opiate agonists accelerate intrauterine lung development, whereas opiate antagonists delay lung maturation. These findings suggest that lung development may be significantly modulated by endogenous opioids.
Leonardo da Vinci and the Aesthetics of the Four Elements

(1983). Leonardo da Vinci and the Aesthetics of the Four Elements. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 171-185.
Rapid migration of urine into intestine of chickens.

Abstract 1. 1. Traced by X-rays, urine entered the bowel of chickens from the cloaca within 4 min after an intravenous administration of a urographic contrast medium.
Scheduling jobs in flowshops with the introduction of additional machines in the future

The problem of scheduling jobs to minimize total weighted tardiness in flowshops, with the possibility of evolving into hybrid flowshops in the future, is investigated in this paper. As this research is guided by a real problem in industry, the flowshop considered has considerable flexibility, which stimulated the development of an innovative methodology for this research. Each stage of the flowshop currently has one or several identical machines. However, the manufacturing company is planning to introduce additional machines with different capabilities in different stages in the near future. Thus, the algorithm proposed and developed for the problem is not only capable of solving the current flow line configuration but also the potential new configurations that may result in the future. A meta-heuristic search algorithm based on tabu search is developed to solve this NP-hard, industry-guided problem. Six different initial solution finding mechanisms are proposed. A carefully planned nested split-plot design is performed to test the significance of different factors and their impact on the performance of the different algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first of its kind that attempts to solve an industry-guided problem with the concern for future developments.
Dose-volume analysis and the temporal nature of toxicity with stereotactic body radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-volume relationships of genitourinary toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) monotherapy for prostate cancer. Methods and materials Fifty-six patients diagnosed with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with SBRT alone were reviewed retrospectively. All patients received a total dose of 38 Gy in 4 fractions with a planning target volume expansion of 2 mm. Overall, acute, and late genitourinary toxicity were documented according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4) and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS). Results The median age at treatment was 68 years, and the median prostate volume was 45.5 mL, with a median baseline IPSS of 9.95. The median prescription isodose line was 68%. The median clinical follow-up was 35.49 months. Acute grade 1, 2, and 3 genitourinary toxicities occurred in 41.1%, 35.7%, and 0% of patients. All acute genitourinary toxicities resolved except 1 patient with grade 2 toxicity that progressed to grade 3 late toxicity. No dose-volume relationships were associated with acute genitourinary grade 2+ toxicity. Late grade 1, 2, and 3 genitourinary toxicity occurred in 19.6%, 19.6%, and 3.6% of cases, respectively. Of the cases with late toxicities, 16.7% were persistent. Late grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity was associated with prostate volume ≥50 mL, lower homogeneity index, and urethral maximum point dose ≥47 Gy. The overall risk of any grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity was associated with baseline IPSS >7, prostate volume ≥50 mL, urethral volume receiving 44 Gy, and bladder volume receiving 19 Gy. Conclusions SBRT for prostate cancer appears well tolerated, with mostly transient low-grade toxicity. Urethral sparing should be used with a maximum point dose
Origin of photoresponse in black phosphorus phototransistors

Experimental measurements of the photoresponse in doped multilayer black phosphorus phototransistors show that the photocurrent generation is dominated by thermoelectric and bolometric processes, not by the photovoltaic effect.
Integrin Upregulation and Localization to Focal Adhesion Sites in Pregnant Human Myometrium

Focal adhesions are integrin-rich microdomains that structurally link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and transmit mechanical signals. In the pregnant uterus, increases in integrin expression and activation are thought to be critical for the formation of the mechanical syncytium required for labor. The aim of this study was to determine which integrins are upregulated and localized to focal adhesions in pregnant human myometrium. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy to determine the expression levels and colocalization with focal adhesion proteins. We observed increases in several integrin transcripts in pregnant myometrium. At the protein level, integrins such as α5-integrin (ITGA5), ITGA7, ITGAV, and ITGB3 were significantly increased during pregnancy. The integrins ITGA3, ITGA5, ITGA7, and ITGB1 colocalized with focal adhesion proteins in term human myometrium. These data suggest that integrins α3β1, α5β1, and α7β1 are the most likely candidates to transmit mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix through focal adhesions in pregnant human myometrium.
Inherited metabolic diseases affecting the carrier

The objective of this review is to draw attention to those inherited metabolic traits which are potentially harmful also for the carrier, and to outline preventive measures, at least for obligate heterozygotes, i.e. parents of homozygous children. Concerning carriers of food-dependent abnormalities, early vascular disease in homocystinuria, hyperammonaemic episodes in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, presenile cataracts in galactosaemia as well as galactokinase deficiency, spastic paraparesis in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and HELLP syndrome in mothers of babies with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency have to be mentioned. In the group of food-independent disorders, clinical features in carriers may be paraesthesias and corneal dystrophy in Fabry disease, lens clouding in Lowe syndrome, lung and/or liver diseases in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and renal stones in cystinuria type II and III. Finally, two monogenic carrier states are known which in pregnant individuals could possibly afflict the developing fetus, i.e. heterozygosity for galactosaemia and for phenylketonuria. Elevated levels of galactose-1-phosphate have been found in red blood cells of infants heterozygous for galactosaemia born to heterozygous mothers. Aspartame in very high doses is reported to increase blood phenylalanine levels in heterozygotes for phenylketonuria, thus being a risk for the fetus of a heterozygous mother. For some of these carrier states preventive measures can be recommended, e.g. restriction of lactose in parents and heterozygous grandparents of children with galactosaemia and galactokinase deficiency as well as transiently in infants heterozygous for galactosaemia, dietary supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids in symptomatic carriers for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, avoidance of smoking and alcohol in heterozygotes for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, avoidance of episodes of dehydration in heterozygotes for cystinuria, and restriction of aspartame in pregnant women.
Droplet breakage in stirred dispersions. Breakage functions from experimental drop-size distributions

Transient breakage drop-size distributions have been experimentally measured using an image analysis technique. The transient distributions show self-similar behavior. The breakage rate and daughter-drop distribution functions have been determined using an inverse-problem approach which takes advantage of this self-similarity. The inverse-problem results show that the breakage rate is not a power law function of the drop size. The breakage rate is found to increase sharply with the drop size and the stirrer speed while decreasing sharply with increase in the interfacial tension. It is also found to decrease with increase in the dispersed phase viscosity, though the dependence on the viscosity is weaker than on the other variables. The daughter drop distribution was found to be relatively insensitive to the stirrer speed and interfacial tension, but was found to depend on the dispersed phase viscosity. As the drop viscosity increases, the breakage becomes more erosive in nature, leading to a broader size distribution of daughter drops. Generalized correlations for the breakage rate and daughter-drop distribution which account for the effect of physical properties and experimental conditions are presented. These relations will be very useful in predicting the drop-size distributions in stirred dispersions. Models for the breakage functions are compared with those determined in this study and the model predictions of the transient-size distributions are compared with the experimental data.
Changes in commuting to work times over the 1990 to 2000 period

Abstract Travel times to work from the 2000 Census show an increase in average commuting times that is difficult to reconcile with the viewpoint expressed in earlier literature that suburbanization has provided a solution by acting as a traffic “safety valve”, preventing a “traffic doomsday” from occurring in the face of urban growth. We examine commuting times to work using US tract-level Census data for the years 1990 and 2000. A spatial econometric modeling approach that allows us to distinguish between commuting time congestion spillover impacts arising from shared roadways is developed. We compare the influence of 1990 and 2000 tract-level characteristics of residents that give rise to long commute times (over 45 min).
Mothers respond differently to infants' familiar versus non-familiar verbal imitations

Mothers' verbal responses to their infants' spontaneous imitations of familiar and non-familiar words during naturally occurring interactions were examined in a longitudinal sample observed at 1 ; 1, 1 ; 5 and 1 ; 9. Maternal responses to both familiar and non-familiar imitations exhibited structural characteristics likely to be facilitative of early word learning, including shorter and single-word utterances and reproductions of imitated words in sentence-final position. Mothers also responded differentially to infants' non-familiar versus familiar imitations. Mothers produced more return imitations and more exact repetitions, providing an extra exemplar, following infants' imitations of non-familiar words. The familiar words infants imitated were more likely to receive the more complex expanded and reduced+expanded return imitations. Results suggest mothers' responses to infants' verbal imitations could serve as a mechanism for facilitating language acquisition.
Innovative and Rapidly Installed Mechanically Stabilized Earth System for Highway Embankments Model Studies

Geotechnical centrifuge models were used to study the feasibility of a new installation technique for stabilization of marginally stable slopes. Reinforcing elements were driven horizontally and directly into the existing slope, similar to the installation of vertical wick drains, thus requiring little or no excavation. This results in a rapid and economical solution for slope stabilization. The reinforcing elements used in the model simulated the high-strength nonwoven geotextile strips, which will be used in actual slope remediation work. The geotextile strips perform the dual functions of drainage and reinforcement. Miniature drivers and various instrumentation were used in the models. The results from the model tests provide useful information for the design of the spacing and placement of the reinforcing strips and the design and construction of the actual prototype driving equipment. The proposed construction technique could be beneficial and economical in slope stabilization of highway embankments and related slope work in highway construction.
SEM simulation for 2D and 3D inspection metrology and defect review

Advanced SEM simulation has become a key element in the ability of SEM inspection, metrology and defect review to meet the challenges of advanced technologies. It grants additional capabilities to the end user, such as 3D height measurements, accurate virtual metrology, and supports Design Based Metrology to bridge the gap between design layout and SEM image. In this paper we present SEM simulations capabilities, which take into consideration all parts of the SEM physical and electronic path, interaction between Electron beam and material, multi perspective SEM imaging and shadowing derived from proximity effects caused by the interaction of the Secondary Electrons signal with neighboring pattern edges. Optimizing trade-off between simulation accuracy, calibration procedures and computational complexity, the simulation is running in real-time with minimum impact on throughput. Experiment results demonstrate Height measurement capacities, and CAD based simulated pattern is compared with SEM image to evaluate simulated pattern fidelity.
Temperament moderates responsiveness to joint attention in 11-month-old infants

The present study investigates the relationship between individual differences in children's temperament and their responsiveness to joint attention. Twenty-five 11-month-old children (12 girls and 13 boys) were presented with a gaze-following task in a laboratory setting, and parent reports of temperament were collected. Findings indicate that children's ability to correctly follow an experimenter's gaze differed as a function of individual temperament predispositions. Children high in perceptual sensitivity and negative affect engaged in relatively less frequent gaze-following, consistent with reports from previous research. However analysis of the dimension of orienting/effortful control produced an unexpected finding; that children low in effortful control were relatively more likely to respond to joint attentional bids. Overall, these findings are consistent with a view of temperament as a moderator of children's engagement in joint attention, and raise the possibility that joint attention may be a mechanism underlying previous reports of temperament-language relationships.
Verification, validation, and certification of modeling and simulation applications: verification, validation, and certification of modeling and simulation applications

Certifying that a large-scale complex modeling and simulation (M&S) application can be used for a set of specific purposes is an onerous task, which involves complex evaluation processes throughout the entire M&S development life cycle. The evaluation processes consist of verification and validation activities, quality assurance, assessment of qualitative and quantitative elements, assessments by subject matter experts, and integration of disparate measurements and assessments. Planning, managing, and conducting the evaluation processes require a disciplined life-cycle approach and should not be performed in an ad hoc manner. The purpose of this tutorial paper is to present structured evaluation processes throughout the entire M&S development life cycle. Engineers, analysts, and managers can execute the evaluation processes presented herein to be able to formulate a certification decision for a large-scale complex M&S application.
Solar Neutrinos, Martian Rivers, and Praesepe

Some recent papers on solar neutrinos, Martian rivers, and Praesepe stars are reviewed. Possible causes of solar neutrino detection rates being below theoretical expectations are quoted. The widespread presence of sinuous dendritic channels on Mars is noted. The occurrence of earth-like epochs on Mars is indicated as a plausible explanation for many such channels in terms of surface liquid water flows. The roughly uniform distribution of the Praesepe stars through the main sequence width is viewed as the indication that the excursion time off the main sequence is comparable to the time between mixings.
Temperature dependence of the photoconductivity and photoluminescence spectra of AgCl

The intrinsic photoluminescence and photoconductivity spectra of AgCl have been measured over a temperature range from 6.8 to 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The luminescence observed is that characteristic of the self-trapped exciton. A calculation of the first and second moments of the photoluminescence spectra indicates that they are comprised of at least two components each of which has its own characteristic temperature dependence. The thermal quenching of the luminescence has been investigated in both zone-refined and non-zone-refined samples. The photoconductivity spectrum shows a strong dependence on previous exposure. In addition, it confirms recent experimental evidence for the existence of a subsidiary valence-band maximum at $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ which is nearly degenerate with the principal maximum at $L$.
Emergence of Enterococcus as a Significant Pathogen

Enterococci are components of the normal bowel flora of humans and other animals. They are often found as part of a mixed flora in intraabdominal and pelvic infections, but their role in these settings has been difficult to assess; early studies suggested that they were not important pathogens under these circumstances. Indeed, it was thought that treatments eliminating most of the other organisms from these sites of mixed infection would often lead to "spontaneous" eradication of the enterococcal component as well. As a result, the enterococci were generally considered harmless commensals. Recent studies, however, have documented the pathogenic potential of these organisms and in fact have shown convincingly that they are significant nosocomial pathogens. Enterococci are also capable of causing a variety of community-acquired infections.
Localizing while mapping: a segment approach

1999; Rencken 1993).Map building with occupancy grids (probabilistic ﬁnite el-ement maps of the environment) is also fairly well under-stood. However, trying to accomplish both localization andmapping at once has proven to be a difﬁcult task. Updatinga map with new sensor information before determining thecorrect adjustment for the starting point and heading can bedisastrous, since it changes parts of the map which were notmeant to be changed, thus the next iteration is using an in-correct map to determine the adjustment to the pose, whichresults in greater error, and the cycle continues.This research hopes to solve this problem by perform-ing localization on higher-level objects computed from theraw sensor readings. Initially these higher-level objects areline segments and common structures, such as ofﬁce doors,butany object which can be detected from a single sensorreading can be used to help the localization process. Ob-jects which require more complex analysis can be found andplaced in the map, but will not be used for localization. Thehigher-level features provide for better localization in an un-known environment, through simpler correspondence withexisting map objects. In addition, once the data from therobot’s sensors have been turned into a map with human-identiﬁable features, the map can easily be augmented withadditional information.Much of the previous work in this area uses occupancygrids (Moravec & Elfes 1985; Elfes 1987), or pixel basedmaps. Pixels in occupancy grids represent a certain size areaof the environment, and represents the probability that thearea contains an object. Other work (Park & Kender 1995;Kuipers & Byun 1991) uses a topological system wherelandmarks are picked out of the environment and added asnodes on a graph which is then used for navigation.Pixel-based maps tend to limit the size of the area thatcan be covered, and the actual data in the image tends tobe sparse because the map representations are a ﬁxed sizeand shape and do not necessarily match the size and shapeof the area to be mapped. An object map (of line segmentsor other detected features) has no such bounds since only theend points of a segment (or similar real-valued data for other
Abstract A33: Markov model of VeriStrat© selection criteria for EGFR Inhibitor therapy predicts improved survival for previously treated patients with NSCLC

Background: EGFR inhibitor therapy extends survival as 2nd or 3rd line treatment of patients with previously treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but a randomized trial of 2nd line therapy in unselected patients showed similar benefit versus conventional chemotherapy. EGFR mutation analysis is useful in choosing therapy, but it is applicable to only a minority of patients due to low frequency of mutation in a North American population and ignores the majority of patients who may benefit with wild type status. Alternative selection strategies are needed. VeriStrat is a protein expression profile utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry to analyze serum. The test classifies patients as VeriStrat Good or VeriStrat Poor based on likelihood of benefitting from EGFR inhibitor therapy. The objective of this research was to model the anticipated survival of patients using a Veristrat Selection Strategy for 2nd line therapy of NSCLC to the alternative treatment strategies of chemotherapy for all (Chemoall), EGFR inhibitor to all (EGFR-all) l, or to performance status selection (PS selection), a common practice, where those with good performance status receive chemotherapy and those with poor PS receive EGFR inhibitor therapy. Methods: We developed a Markov model to estimate the expected survival of patients for 4 different treatment strategies for NSCLC: (1) VeriStrat Selection, (2) chemotherapy to all patients, (3) EGFR inhibitor to all patients, and (4) PS selection. Model inputs, taken from published literature, for the base-case analysis (and ranges) were the following: PS 0-1, 50% (35%–65%); VeriStrat Good, 60% (45%–75%); VeriStrat Good if PS >1, 40% (25%–55%); 1-year survival on EGFR inhibitor if VeriStrat Good, 47% (43–50); 1-year survival on EGFR inhibitor if VeriStrat Poor, 12% (8–16) and 1-year survival on chemotherapy, 29% (23–35). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed using 10,000 2nd order Monte Carlo simulations. Results: In the base case analysis, the median survival for EGFR-all was 8.97 months, Chemo-all was 8.48 months, PS selection was 8.20 months and VeriStrat selection was 10.03 months. In the sensitivity analysis, the VeriStrat selection strategy yielded the longest survival in each of the 10,000 simulations. Conclusion: These results suggest that VeriStrat-based selection of “standard of care” 2nd line therapy of NSCLC improves survival to a clinically significant degree. This strategy, in the absence of new therapies, appears to improve median survivals by 4–6 weeks.
Simultaneous NIRS and kinematics study of planning and execution of motor skill task: towards cerebral palsy rehabilitation

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term that describes a group of motor impairment syndromes secondary to genetic and/or acquired disorders of the developing brain. In the current study, NIRS and motion capture were used simultaneously to correlate the brain’s planning and execution activity during and with arm movement in healthy individual. The prefrontal region of the brain is non-invasively imaged using a custom built continuous-wave based near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. The kinematics of the arm movement during the studies is recorded using an infrared based motion capture system, Qualisys. During the study, the subjects (over 18 years) performed 30 sec of arm movement followed by 30 sec rest for 5 times, both with their dominant and non-dominant arm. The optical signal acquired from NIRS system was processed to elucidate the activation and lateralization in the prefrontal region of participants. The preliminary results show difference, in terms of change in optical response, between task and rest in healthy adults. Currently simultaneous NIRS imaging and kinematics data are acquired in healthy individual and individual with CP in order to correlate brain activity to arm movement in real-time. The study has significant implication in elucidating the evolution in the functional activity of the brain as the physical movement of the arm evolves using NIRS. Hence the study has potential in augmenting the designing of training and hence rehabilitation regime for individuals with CP via kinematic monitoring and imaging brain activity.
Operative Mortality and Five-Year Survival Rates in Men with Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Twelve teaching hospitals in Philadelphia reported 833 histologically proved cases of bronchogenic carcinoma in men to the County Medical Society Subcommittee on Lung Cancer from 1961 to 1965. An analysis was made of the 547 cases operated on with respect to risk at operation and five-year survival rate in relation to age, histologic type, and surgical procedure. Exploratory operations in patients whose cancers were not resected were included in the calculations because such patients have a significant
Attributional Style, Hope, and Initial Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Youth Psychiatric Inpatients

We investigated the role of attributional style in inpatients’ initial response to treatment, particularly to SSRIs, and explored possible psychological factors implicated in response to SSRIs. One hundred youth psychiatric inpatients completed questionnaires at admission and discharge on attributional style, hopelessness, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms; medication status was recorded. Change in depressive symptoms from admission to discharge varied depending on negative attributional style status and treatment group status. Patients with a relatively positive attributional style and who were on SSRI medicines experienced the largest decreases in depression from admission to discharge, as well as the lowest absolute depression level at discharge. Depression changes were less pronounced in other patients, including those on SSRIs with a negative attributional style. Psychological processes corresponding to these changes appeared to involve increased hope, not enhanced self-esteem. Attributional style may moderate initial SSRI treatment response, an effect that appears to correspond with increased hope.
Effect of Catalyst on the Pore Structure and Performance of Cotton Cellulose Crosslinked with Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

Pore structures of cotton crosslinked with butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and different catalysts were assessed. The catalysts included NaH2PO2.H 2O, Na- H2PO 3.2.5H2O, Na2HPO3.5H2O, NaH2PO4.H2O...
Improved biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics of silica nanoparticles by means of a lipid coating: a multimodality investigation

Silica is a promising carrier material for nanoparticle-facilitated drug delivery, gene therapy, and molecular imaging. Understanding of their pharmacokinetics is important to resolve bioapplicability issues. Here we report an extensive study on bare and lipid-coated silica nanoparticles in mice. Results obtained by use of a wide variety of techniques (fluorescence imaging, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, magnetic resonance imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy) showed that the lipid coating, which enables straightforward functionalization and introduction of multiple properties, increases bioapplicability and improves pharmacokinetics.
Providing competency-based family medicine residency training in substance abuse in the new millennium: a model curriculum.

This article, developed for the Betty Ford Institute Consensus Conference on Graduate Medical Education (December, 2008), presents a model curriculum for Family Medicine residency training in substance abuse. The authors reviewed reports of past Family Medicine curriculum development efforts, previously-identified barriers to education in high risk substance use, approaches to overcoming these barriers, and current training guidelines of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and their Family Medicine Residency Review Committee. A proposed eight-module curriculum was developed, based on substance abuse competencies defined by Project MAINSTREAM and linked to core competencies defined by the ACGME. The curriculum provides basic training in high risk substance use to all residents, while also addressing current training challenges presented by U.S. work hour regulations, increasing international diversity of Family Medicine resident trainees, and emerging new primary care practice models. This paper offers a core curriculum, focused on screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment, which can be adapted by residency programs to meet their individual needs. The curriculum encourages direct observation of residents to ensure that core skills are learned and trains residents with several "new skills" that will expand the basket of substance abuse services they will be equipped to provide as they enter practice. Broad-based implementation of a comprehensive Family Medicine residency curriculum should increase the ability of family physicians to provide basic substance abuse services in a primary care context. Such efforts should be coupled with faculty development initiatives which ensure that sufficient trained faculty are available to teach these concepts and with efforts by major Family Medicine organizations to implement and enforce residency requirements for substance abuse training.
An optimal control approach for the registration of image time-series

This paper discusses an optimal control approach for the registration of image time-series (growth modeling). It combines and augments work on an optimal control formulation to optical flow with theory from large-displacement diffeomorphic image registration. The unification of the two viewpoints leads to (i) a more efficient computation of the gradient of the optimization problem, (ii) an easier numerical implementation, and (iii) an intuitive interpretation of the adjoint equation underlying the optimization problem. Further, a novel formulation for the unbiased estimation of image correspondences across time is proposed.
Polymer waveguide optical interconnections on Si CMOS circuits

Summary form only given. We report demonstrations of optical interconnections on foundry Si CMOS circuits using polymer optical waveguides. The polymer optical waveguides were directly fabricated on two Si CMOS circuits. The cladding/planarization layer was benzocyclobutene (BCB) and polyetherimide (ULTEM) was used as the waveguide core material.
Visualizing and navigating complex situated hypermedia in augmented and virtual reality

We present a set of techniques that enable mobile users to visualize and navigate complex hypermedia structures embedded in the real world, through augmented reality or virtual reality. Situating hypermedia in the 3D physical environment makes it possible to represent information about users' surroundings in context. However, it requires addressing a new set of problems beyond those of visualizing hypermedia on a 2D display: Nodes and links can potentially be distributed across large distances, and may be occluded by other objects, both real and virtual. Our techniques address these issues by enabling mobile users to select and manipulate portions of the hypermedia structure by tilting, lifting and shifting them, to view more clearly links and nodes that would otherwise be occluded or ambiguously connected.
Correction to “Sensitivity of distributions of climate system properties to the surface temperature data set”

[1] In the paper “Sensitivity of distributions of climate system properties to the surface temperature data set” by A. G. Libardoni and C. E. Forest (Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22705, doi:10.1029/2011GL049431), two errors were made. First, there was an offset of 1 month when comparing model data to observational data. Second, the likelihood function that was used to relate model goodness-of-fit statistics to a probability distribution, while derived from basic understanding of probability distributions, is not acceptable as a likelihood function to statisticians. [2] In this correction, we fix the mismatch that existed between model and observational annual averages. When calculating annual averages from model output, seasonal means were averaged, resulting in a given year being the average from December through November. When calculating annual averages from observational data, monthly means were averaged, resulting in a given year being the average from January through December. To correct for this 1 month mismatch, all annual mean temperatures derived from observations are calculated as December to November means, subject to the threshold criterion described in Libardoni and Forest [2011]. Because decadal mean temperatures are used for the surface temperature diagnostic, the 1 month shift in the averaging window has minimal impact on the resulting observational time series. Across all five decades and four zonal bands, the temperature differences due to the 1 month shift are at most 0.05C. The revised time series are not shown. [3] We also present revised results that implement a likelihood function proposed in Lewis [2013] that is more statistically sound as applied to the Bayesian methodology used in Libardoni and Forest [2011]. It will be shown below that the updated likelihood function alters the posterior distributions. The changes to the likelihood function involve changing the shape of the distributions used in statistical tests, changing the test statistic, and taking into account the necessary volumetric correction when making a change of variable. In total, the following changes were made to account for the likelihood estimate from Lewis [2013]:
Suspensions of prolate spheroids in Stokes flow. Part 1. Dynamics of a finite number of particles in an unbounded fluid

A new simulation method is presented for low-Reynolds-number flow problems involving elongated particles in an unbounded fluid. The technique extends the principles of Stokesian dynamics, a multipole moment expansion method, to ellipsoidal particle shapes. The methodology is applied to prolate spheroids in particular, and shown to be efficient and accurate by comparison with other numerical methods for Stokes flow. The importance of hydrodynamic interactions is illustrated by examples on sedimenting spheroids and particles in a simple shear flow.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES1VI. SOME EFFECTS OF LONG-CONTINUED DAILY INJECTIONS1¹

Three preparations were employed in these experiments. The first was made from desiccated sheep anterior pituitary tissue by extracting with a sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer, pH 4.2 to 4.5, and reprecipitating with ethyl alcohol, according to the method originally described by WalleivLawrence and Van Dyke (3). The second, chorionic hormone, was prepared in a similar manner from pooled specimens of blood obtained from women in various stages of pregnancy (4). The third was a diluted preparation of pregnant mares' serum, known as gonadin (Cutter Labora-tories), and made essentially in the manner developed by Cartland and Nelson (5). Judging by its effect on ovarian weight in 5-day experiments, each extract was com-paratively weak and produced ovaries of only 0.019 to 0.036 gm. In all instances, injections were begun when the rats were 21 to 23 days of age and the daily dosage was 0.25 cc.
Going Global: Understanding the Choice Process of the Intent to Study Abroad

This study applies an integrated model of college choice to better describe students who do and do not intend to study abroad. Although internationalization through study abroad is widely touted as a preferred means of developing globally competent college graduates, very little is known about the factors that influence students’ predisposition to study abroad. This research explores the impact of financial, human, social, and cultural capital on students’ intent to study abroad. Analysis of data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education (WNSLAE) demonstrates a complex interplay between SES, accumulated pre-college capital, and capital acquired during the freshman year. Important implications for national policy makers, senior administrators, study abroad professionals and higher education researchers are discussed.