cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on ROCK2 as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease

Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase isoform 2 (ROCK2) is a member of the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases and an extensively studied regulator of actin-mediated cytoskeleton contractility. Over the past decade, new evidence has emerged that suggests ROCK2 regulates autophagy. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the development of misfolded tau aggregates among entorhinal cortex (EC) excitatory neurons in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the accumulation of tau oligomers and fibrils is toxic to neurons, autophagy facilitates the degradation of these pathologic species and represents a major cellular pathway for tau disposal in neurons. ROCK2 is expressed in excitatory neurons and pharmacologic inhibition of ROCK2 can induce autophagy pathways. In this mini-review, we explore potential mechanisms by which ROCK2 mediates autophagy and actin dynamics and discuss how these pathways represent therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease.
A New Modeling Approach for Power Grid Online Analysis

Abstract A new modeling approach for power grid online analysis is proposed to support the realization of a new online analysis system architecture. The model-driven software development, automatic code generation, and in-memory computing techniques are employed in the modeling approach. Data source adapters are developed for the integration of the model with the existing EMS system. A large-scale power grid online network data model (~40K-bus) is used for the model performance testing in a Lab environment. The proposed modeling approach was used to develop a new online analysis application, which was deployed and running in a provincial grid dispatching control center. The Lab and field performance measurement shows that the modeling approach-based application can achieve second-order end-to-end responsiveness.
GRK2 contributes to glucose mediated calcium responses and insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome rooted in impaired insulin and/or glucagon secretory responses within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans (islets). Insulin secretion is primarily regulated by two key factors: glucose-mediated ATP production and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling. GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2), a key regulator of GPCRs, is reported to be downregulated in the pancreas of spontaneously obesogenic and diabetogenic mice (ob/ob). Moreover, recent studies have shown that GRK2 non-canonically localizes to the cardiac mitochondrion, where it can contribute to glucose metabolism. Thus, islet GRK2 may impact insulin secretion through either mechanism. Utilizing Min6 cells, a pancreatic s-cell model, we knocked down GRK2 and measured glucose-mediated intracellular calcium responses and insulin secretion. Silencing of GRK2 attenuated calcium responses, which were rescued by pertussis toxin pre-treatment, suggesting a Gαi/o-dependent mechanism. Pancreatic deletion of GRK2 in mice resulted in glucose intolerance with diminished insulin secretion. These differences were due to diminished insulin release rather than decreased insulin content or gross differences in islet architecture. Furthermore, a high fat diet feeding regimen exacerbated the metabolic phenotype in this model. These results suggest a new role for pancreatic islet GRK2 in glucose-mediated insulin responses that is relevant to type 2 diabetes disease progression.
Someone to talk to: the association of mentorship and cyberbullying with suicidality among US high school students

Suicide is the second-leading cause of death in youth. We tested whether having a mentoring relationship associated with lower risks for suicidality, particularly among youth at higher risk due to cyberbullying. This study pooled the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data from five jurisdictions that asked students if there was at least one teacher or other adult in their school that they could talk with, if they have a problem (mentorship). Students self-reported cyberbullying exposure and suicidality in the past 12 months. Odds of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts were estimated using multivariable weighted logistic regression in overall and sex-stratified stepwise models. Interactions between mentorship and cyberbullying were also tested. Of the 25,527 student respondents, 87% reported having a mentoring relationship. Mentoring relationships were associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI 0.33–0.57), planning (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.85), and suicide attempts (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI 0.31–0.56). Stratified analyses showed a significant interaction between cyberbullying and mentorship with suicidal attempts among males, and a near-significant association between cyberbullying and mentorship with suicidal thoughts among females. Compared to male students with no cyberbullying and no mentorship, odds of attempting suicide were lower for males with no cyberbullying and mentorship (aOR, 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.92), higher for males with cyberbullying and no mentorship (aOR, 7.78, 95% CI 3.47–17.47), but not significantly different for males with cyberbullying and mentoring relationships (aOR, 1.49, 95% CI 0.86–2.48). Similarly, compared with females with no cyberbullying and no mentorship, odds of having suicidal thoughts were lower for females with no cyberbullying and mentorship (aOR, 0.40, 95% CI 0.28–0.57), and higher for females with cyberbullying and no mentorship (aOR, 2.54, 95% CI 1.59–4.07). School-based mentoring may mitigate risk of suicidality among adolescents and limit the toxic effects of cyberbullying.
Implementing Response to Intervention: Results of a Survey of School Principals

Response to Intervention (RtI) is a framework schools can use to organize curriculum, instruction, and assessment so all students are screened on a regular basis and those who are at-risk for not m...
Dissolved Natural Organic Matter as a Microreactor

Organic matter dissolved in rivers and oceans undergoes poorly understood complex reactions, including the light-induced formation of a highly reactive form of oxygen that can subsequently react with pollutants and water contaminants.
p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 Regulate Proliferation in Distinct Retinal Progenitor Cell Populations

In the developing vertebrate retina, progenitor cell proliferation must be precisely regulated to ensure appropriate formation of the mature tissue. Cyclin kinase inhibitors have been implicated as important regulators of proliferation during development by blocking the activity of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. We have found that the p27(Kip1) cyclin kinase inhibitor regulates progenitor cell proliferation throughout retinal histogenesis. p27(Kip1) is upregulated during the late G(2)/early G(1) phase of the cell cycle in retinal progenitor cells, where it interacts with the major retinal D-type cyclin-cyclin D1. Mice deficient for p27(Kip1) exhibited an increase in the proportion of mitotic cells throughout development as well as extensive apoptosis, particularly during the later stages of retinal histogenesis. Retroviral-mediated overexpression of p27(Kip1) in mitotic retinal progenitor cells led to premature cell cycle exit yet had no dramatic effects on Muller glial or bipolar cell fate specification as seen with the Xenopus cyclin kinase inhibitor, p27(Xic1). Consistent with the overexpression of p27(Kip1), mice lacking one or both alleles of p27(Kip1) maintained the same relative ratios of each major retinal cell type as their wild-type littermates. During the embryonic stages of development, when both p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2) are expressed in retinal progenitor cells, they were found in distinct populations, demonstrating directly that different retinal progenitor cells are heterogeneous with respect to their expression of cell cycle regulators.
Improving peanut maturity prediction using a hybrid artificial neural network and fuzzy inference system

The goal of this research was to improve the prediction of maturity in peanuts through the development of an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference (ANFIS) model. There were three specific objectives. The first two were to develop models for comparison with previous research results using an artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy inference system (FIS) separately. The third objective was to expand the research by determining the robustness of the developed ANFIS model in predicting maturity for a season not used in model development. While the hybrid model was able to improve on the results of a FIS, the hybrid model was unable to improve on the results of an ANN. The developed model was relatively robust.
Security in wireless ad hoc networks

The realm of wireless ad hoc networks is a relatively new one, even with advancement in wireless networks in general. Essentially, these are networks that do not have an underlying fixed infrastructure. Mobile hosts "join" in, on the fly, and create a network on their own. With the network topology changing dynamically and the lack of a centralized network management functionality, these networks tend to be vulnerable to a number of attacks. If such networks are to succeed in the commercial world, the security aspect naturally assumes paramount importance. There is a need to devise security solutions to prevent attacks that jeopardize the secure network operation. This survey chapter aims to provide a state-of-the-art view of security in wireless ad hoc networks. An attempt has been made to discuss the core issues and requirements of security, followed by the current state of research and development in this area, which includes algorithms, architectures, and network management schemes.
Magnetic Resonance-Monitored Coaxial Electrochemical Ablation--Preliminary Evaluation of Technical Feasibility.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the technical feasibility of a coaxial electrode configuration to rapidly create a mechanically defined electrochemical ablation zone monitored by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in real time. Materials and Methods A direct current generator supplied the nitinol cathode cage and central platinum anode for coaxial electrochemical ablation. Safety and efficacy were evaluated by measuring local pH, temperature, and current scatter in saline solutions. Ablation zone diameters of 3–6 cm (n = 72) were created on ex vivo bovine liver and verified by gross pathology. Feasibility of MR monitoring was evaluated using 8 swine livers to create ablations of 3 cm (n = 12), 4 cm (n = 4), and 5 cm (n = 4) verified by histology. Results Local pH was 3.2 at the anode and 13.8 at the cathode. Current scatter was negligible. Ablation progress increased relative to local ion concentration, and MR signal changes corresponded to histologic findings. In the ex vivo model, the times to achieve complete ablation were 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 35 minutes, and 40 minutes for diameters of 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm, respectively. Ablation times for the in situ model were 15 minutes, 35 minutes, and 50 minutes for 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm, respectively. Conclusions The coaxial configuration mechanically defined the electrochemical ablation zone with times similar to comparably sized thermal ablations. MR compatibility allowed for real-time monitoring of ablation progress.
Enhanced translation and increased turnover of c-myc proteins occur during differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells.

Abstract To determine whether regulation of c-myc proteins occurs during the differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, we examined c-myc protein synthesis and accumulation throughout dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)- or hypoxanthine-induced differentiation. c-myc protein expression exhibited an overall biphasic reduction, with an initial concomitant decrease in c-myc RNA, protein synthesis, and protein accumulation early during the commitment phase. However, as the mRNA and protein levels recovered, c-myc protein synthesis levels dissociated from the levels of c-myc mRNA and protein accumulation. This dissociation appears to result from unusual translational and posttranslational regulation during differentiation. Translational enhancement was suggested by the observation that relatively high levels of c-myc proteins were synthesized from relatively moderate levels of c-myc RNA. This translational enhancement was not observed with c-myb. Under certain culture conditions, we also observed a change in the relative synthesis ratio of the two independently initiated c-myc proteins. Posttranslational regulation was evidenced by a dramatic postcommitment decrease in the accumulated c-myc protein levels despite relatively high levels of c-myc protein synthesis. This decrease corresponded with a twofold increase in the turnover of c-myc proteins. The consequence of this regulation was that the most substantial decrease in c-myc protein accumulation occurred during the postcommitment phase of differentiation. This result supports the hypothesis that the reduction in c-myc at relatively late times is most important for completion of murine erythroleukemia cell terminal differentiation.
Interactions of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and mouse alveolar macrophages. Loss of mitogenic activity and release of suppressive prostaglandins and interleukin 1.

Interactions of mouse alveolar macrophages from three different inbred strains of mice and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, a microbe associated with Farmer's lung disease, were studied. Alveolar macrophages were found to abolish the mitogenic activity of T. vulgaris. A prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, could not restore the activity. Alveolar macrophage supernatants generated by T. vulgaris treatment exerted strong suppression in secondary concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte transformation, Indomethacin partly relieved the suppression but a histamine 2 receptor blocker, cimetidine, had no effect. Interleukin 1 activity was practically undetectable by the thymocyte co-stimulation assay unless indomethacin was used. When indomethacin was used, interleukin 1 activity could he detected in all strains of mice tested. Major differences in the abolition of the mitogenic effect, in the suppressive effect, or in the release of interleukin 1 were not detected between inbred strains of mice tested. The results indicate that alveolar macrophages exert suppressive actions in vitro after T. vulgaris treatment but in vivo activities remain to be elucidated.
High-resolution dynamic speech imaging with joint low-rank and sparsity constraints.

Purpose To enable dynamic speech imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and full-vocal-tract spatial coverage, leveraging recent advances in sparse sampling. Methods An imaging method is developed to enable high-speed dynamic speech imaging exploiting low-rank and sparsity of the dynamic images of articulatory motion during speech. The proposed method includes: (a) a novel data acquisition strategy that collects spiral navigators with high temporal frame rate and (b) an image reconstruction method that derives temporal subspaces from navigators and reconstructs high-resolution images from sparsely sampled data with joint low-rank and sparsity constraints. Results The proposed method has been systematically evaluated and validated through several dynamic speech experiments. A nominal imaging speed of 102 frames per second (fps) was achieved for a single-slice imaging protocol with a spatial resolution of 2.2 × 2.2 × 6.5 mm3. An eight-slice imaging protocol covering the entire vocal tract achieved a nominal imaging speed of 12.8 fps with the identical spatial resolution. The effectiveness of the proposed method and its practical utility was also demonstrated in a phonetic investigation. Conclusion High spatiotemporal resolution with full-vocal-tract spatial coverage can be achieved for dynamic speech imaging experiments with low-rank and sparsity constraints. Magn Reson Med 73:1820–1832, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic stable isotope labeling of plants for nutritional investigations in humans

Abstract Although plant foods provide an array of nutrients in the human diet, our knowledge of how efficiently these nutrients are absorbed has been limited by our ability to selectively monitor their absorption from a complex food matrix. Intrinsic labeling of plants with low-abundance stable isotopes can provide a safe, traceable product to investigate absorptive phenomena in the gut. Various techniques, including hydroponic culture, stem injection, and atmospheric labeling, have been used to introduce isotopes of either minerals or carbon to the plant. New, alternative possibilities exist for labeling plants with deuterium through the use of heavy water, or for using isolated root cultures. Each labeling situation offers some unique concern, related to the plant, the nutrient, or the isotope expense, that must be addressed to generate a useful and affordable product. Attention to the mechanisms and pathways by which a specific nutrient is transported throughout the plant will aid in the selection of an effective labeling approach that will (1) maximize the recovery of isotope in the edible tissues, and (2) ensure that the isotope is incorporated into endogenous compounds and compartments in the same manner as that of the normal high-abundance isotopes. Intrinsically labeled plants may be used in an unlimited number of human bioavailability investigations focusing on essential nutrients, secondary plant metabolites, or unique phytochemicals.
The synthesis of haptens and their use for the development of monoclonal antibodies for treating methamphetamine abuse.

In addition to addiction, the repeated use of (+)-methamphetamine [(+)-METH], (+)-amphetamine [(+)-AMP], or (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ((±)-MDMA, commonly called ecstasy) can lead to life-threatening medical problems including cardiovascular injury, severe depression, and psychosis. Currently, there are no specific pharmacotherapies to treat these medical problems. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of two haptens, (S)-(+)-3-(9-carboxynonyloxy)methamphetamine (3a, (+)-METH MO10) and (S)-(+)-3-(5-carboxypentyloxy)methamphetamine (3b, (+)-METH MO6), and their use in generating high affinity (low KD value) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against (+)-METH, (+)-AMP, and/or (+)-MDMA. On the basis of results from the determination of mAb KD values and ligand specificity, the mAbs generated from hapten 3a showed the greatest promise for generating active and passive immunotherapies for treating overdose or addiction from (+)-METH-like stimulants.
Combined flow and evaporation of fluid on a spinning disk

Fluid flow and fluid evaporation both contribute to the overall rate of thinning during spinning of a fluid on a disk. Laser interferometry of solvent thinning behavior on spinning silicon wafers was performed to yield plots of solvent thickness evolution. These plots of thickness versus time were then analyzed to understand the respective contributions of viscous flow and evaporation to the thinning. A technique is described for extracting both the viscosity and the evaporation rate from the interference data. Well understood solvent systems are examined as test cases for this deconvolution. It is also demonstrated that nonevaporating fluids can be analyzed, even though their thickness evolution has no easily referenced endpoint to the thinning, in contrast to the volatile solvents which are rapidly spun dry.
Hydrophilic polymer supports grafted by poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives via atom transfer radical polymerization

Abstract In this study, a newly structured hydrophilic polymer supports are prepared by the chemical modification (grafting) of the polystyrene-based preformed beads via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) employing the CuBr/PMDETA catalyst system. Hydrophilic monomers including N , N -dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomers were grafted onto Merrifield type resin. Based on optical microscopic data, the particle sizes of the resins were increased in the order of 10 μm after the polymerization. This increment indicated that monomers are grafted not only to the particle surface but also to within a polymer matrix. These resins demonstrate well-swellability in polar solvent, and they enable high functional loadings up to 0.7–1.8 mmol g −1 . The high loading capacity in polar solvents and favorable mechanical properties of resins render them to have great potential applications in peptide and oligonucletide syntheses.
Folding Mechanism of Indole-3-glycerol Phosphate Synthase from Sulfolobus solfataricus: A Test of the Conservation of Folding Mechanisms Hypothesis in (βα)8 Barrels

As a test of the hypothesis that folding mechanisms are better conserved than sequences in TIM barrels, the equilibrium and kinetic folding mechanisms of indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (sIGPS) from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus were compared to the well-characterized models of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase (alphaTS) from Escherichia coli. A multifaceted approach combining urea denaturation and far-UV circular dichroism, tyrosine fluorescence total intensity, and tyrosine fluorescence anisotropy was employed. Despite a sequence identity of only 13%, a stable intermediate (I) in sIGPS was found to be similar to a stable intermediate in alphaTS in terms of its thermodynamic properties and secondary structure. Kinetic experiments revealed that the fastest detectable folding event for sIGPS involves a burst-phase (<5ms) reaction that leads directly to the stable intermediate. The slower of two subsequent phases reflects the formation/disruption of an off-pathway dimeric form of I. The faster phase reflects the conversion of I to the native state and is limited by folding under marginally stable conditions and by isomerization or rearrangement under strongly folding conditions. By contrast, alphaTS is thought to fold via an off-pathway burst-phase intermediate whose unfolding controls access to a set of four on-pathway intermediates that comprise the stable equilibrium intermediate. At least three proline isomerization reactions are known to limit their interconversions and lead to a parallel channel mechanism. The simple sequential mechanism deduced for sIGPS reflects the dominance of the on-pathway burst-phase intermediate and the absence of prolyl residues that partition the stable intermediate into kinetically distinguishable species. Comparison of the results for sIGPS and alphaTS demonstrates that the thermodynamic properties and the final steps of the folding reaction are better conserved than the early events. The initial events in folding appear to be more sensitive to the sequence differences between the two TIM barrel proteins.
Computation of the Streamfunction and Velocity Potential for Limited and Irregular Domains

An algorithm is proposed for the computation of streamfunction and velocity potential from given horizontal velocity vectors based on solving a minimization problem. To guarantee the uniqueness of the solution and computational reliability of the algorithm, a Tikhonov regularization is applied. The solution implies that the obtained streamfunction and velocity potential have minimal magnitude, while the given velocity vectors can be accurately reconstructed from the computed streamfunction and velocity potential. Because the formulation of the minimization problem allows for circumventing the explicit specification of separate boundary conditions on the streamfunction and velocity potential, the algorithm is easily applicable to irregular domains. By using an advanced minimization algorithm with the use of adjoint techniques, the method is computationally efficient and suitable for problems with large dimensions. An example is presented for coastal oceans to illustrate the practical application of the algorithm.
Mathematical modeling of the generation of topographic internal waves by nonstationary currents

In the linear statement, within the framework of long-wave approximation, we develop a mathematical model for the numerical analysis of the fields of internal waves generated by a local unevenness of the bottom in a nonstationary spatially homogeneous flow. For the corresponding problem, we obtain the solution suitable for numerical calculations. We study the effects connected with periodic changes in the direction of currents and analyze the horizontal distribution of amplitudes for a single internal mode and the dependence of this distribution on the Coriolis parameter.
A new strategy for glycoprotein synthesis: ligation of synthetic glycopeptides with truncated proteins expressed in E. coli as TEV protease cleavable fusion protein

We report here the use of TEV protease cleavable fusion proteins to produce glycosylated bioactive peptides and proteins. Bacterial expression was utilized to produce two fusion proteins, GPRT-C37-H6 and His-tagged interleukin-2 (amino acids 6-133), which when cleaved by the tobacco etch virus NIa protease (TEV protease) to generate HIV entry inhibitor peptide C37-H6 and a truncated version of the cytokine interleukin-2, both containing N-terminal cysteines. The N-terminal cysteine containing C37-H6 and truncated interleukin-2 were then joined to a synthetic glycopeptide thioester utilizing native chemical ligation under nondenaturing and denaturing conditions, respectively. The ligations of the glycopeptide to the C37-H6 peptide and the truncated interleukin-2 protein both proceeded in high yield, though the size, and physical properties of the two polypeptides differ greatly.
Growth Rate in Three Gallinaceous Species Fed Diets Imbalanced in Calcium, Phosphorus, and Protein

Abstract Three gallinaceous species, the Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Red-legged partridge (Alectoris gracea), and chicken fryer (Gallus gallus domesticus) were fed diets containing either 15, 20, or 28% protein, 1 or 3% calcium, and .3 or .6% available phosphorus from hatch through 3 weeks of age. Chicks of all species grew poorly on diets containing 3% calcium and .3% available phosphorus, especially at the higher levels of dietary protein (20 and 28%). When fed diets containing .6% available phosphorus and 15% protein, pheasants and chickens had the same rate of growth from hatch through 3 weeks of age, irrespective of the level of dietary calcium. Feed conversion for groups of birds fed diets containing 1% calcium and .6% available phosphorus at all levels of protein was superior to that from birds fed diets containing similar levels of phosphorus and protein but containing 3% calcium. The higher level of dietary calcium (3%) in rations low in available phosphorus (.3%) caused leg paralysis in many birds of all species after 2 weeks of experiment at the higher levels of protein (20 and 28%). The incidence of leg weakness and mortality, after 3 weeks of experiment, was highest in pheasants followed by chickens and partridge. Irrespective of dietary protein, bone ash values for birds fed diets low in available phosphorus (.3%) and calcium (1%) were significantly (P Diets high in calcium (3%) and low in available phosphorus (.3%) can cause poor growth, severe paralysis, and high mortality if mistakenly fed to chicks of gallinaceous birds, especially pheasants, and result in major economic losses.
Thermodynamics, handmaiden to science and technology

Generally, the only items of reference data with real economic impact are—except in a few instances—the basic values from which the standard enthalpy increment of reactions and the Gibbs energy of formation of the substances involved in the reaction. The energetic requirements of chemical processing mandate exact values here as well as for rather precise Gibbs energies needed for evaluation of equilibrium constants. Even here the contribution may lie less in the intrinsic value of that accuracy than in the implicit reliability and ready availability of the tables. CODATA's endeavors and scientific task groups dealing with fundamental constants, key values for thermodynamics, internationalization and systematization of thermodynamic tables to assist chemical industry are noted.
Testing for behavioral contagion in a case-control design

Abstract ‘Behavioral contagion’ refers to an increased tendency for a behavior to be performed when socially related persons have already performed it. So understood, behavioral contagion may be involved in criminality, conduct disorder, drug abuse, suicide, and teenage pregnancy. In a recent paper we showed that contagion, when present, generates highly distinctive result patterns in survey data. These patterns allow one to infer that contagion is present even though it has not been directly observed. The present paper extends this approach to case-control designs, where, it will be shown, contagion has equally distinctive but different consequences. The analysis is illustrated with a Canadian study of conduct disorder and further evidence is presented that this condition is contagious. Limitations of the approach and alternative interpretations of results are discussed.
Procedural fairness in performance appraisal: Beyond the review session.

Utilizing an organizational justice perspective, this cross-organizational study developed procedural fairness dimensions for the appraisal review session and two contextual domains of the performance appraisal process. The contextual domains were: (a) the structure, policies, and support characterizing the formal appraisal system, and (b) the appraisal-related interactions that occur throughout the year between supervisors and subordinates. In addition, relationships of the three procedural variable sets and their respective individual variables with three fairness (two distributive justice and one global) criteria were assessed. Procedures from the session and system domains were found to be most useful for predicting the fairness criteria.
Pharmacogenetic perspectives gained from twin and family studies.

Article de synthese sur la pharmacogenetique des medicaments: avantages apportes par l'etude des jumeaux et les etudes familiales
Measurement method for low-contrast nonuniformity in liquid crystal displays by using multi-wavelet analysis

One of the visual problems hardest to recognize in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is an area of non-uniform brightness called a mura. The accurate and consistent detection of a low-contrast mura is extremely difficult because the boundary between the regional mura and the background is indistinct. This paper presents a novel method for detection and quantitative measurement of low-contrast mura. Compared with some wavelet approaches, the multiple resolution analysis method based on the Symmetric Selesnick multiwavelet has advantages for practical use.
The Role of Spirituality in the Anti-Oppressive Higher-Education Classroom.

There is scant research literature on the interconnection between spirituality and anti-oppressive pedagogy in the higher-education classroom. In this paper, based on a broader qualitative study that examined spiritually-minded activist scholars in the Canadian university context, I focus on how four such scholars integrate spirituality into their teaching practices. Two themes are presented in this paper: (1) toward a pedagogy of hope; and (2) affirming different ways of knowing. I conclude with the argument that teaching from a spiritual paradigm is fraught with challenges and risks yet has positive implications for developing anti-oppressive pedagogy in higher education.
Low passband sensitivity digital filters: A generalized viewpoint and synthesis procedures

The concepts of losslessness and maximum available power are basic to the low-sensitivity properties of doubly terminated lossless networks of the continuous-time domain. Based on similar concepts, we develop a new theory for low-sensitivity discrete-time filter structures. The mathematical setup for the development is the bounded-real property of transfer functions and matrices. Starting from this property, we derive procedures for the synthesis of any stable digital filter transfer function by means of a low-sensitivity structure. Most of the structures generated by this approach are interconnections of a basic building block called digital "two-pair," and each two-pair is characterized by a lossless bounded-real (LBR) transfer matrix. The theory and synthesis procedures also cover special cases such as wave digital filters, which are derived from continuous-time networks, and digital lattice structures, which are closely related to unit elements of distributed network theory.
The Effects of Confining Confused Flour Beetles in Gelatin Capsules Before, During, and After Gamma Irradiaton

An extensive study of the effects of gamma irradiation on the mortality and reproduction of stored-product insects was conducted during 1963 and 1964. Individual insects were confined in gelatin capsules (Lilly no. 000) before irradiation, during irradiation, and in some species throughout the post-treatment observation period. During the progress of this study it was suggested that if the gas exchange rate through the capsule wall was not sufficiently high, normal concentrations of gases and humidity inside the capsules would be altered owing to metabolic activity of the insects. The effects of such an artificial atmosphere were unknown. A preliminary study was made to determine the effects of such confinement on gamma-irradiated confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal.
A structural investigation of ethyl 3′-methyl-6-methoxy-5′-oxo-1,2-cyclopent-3′-enonaphthalene-4′-acetate, C19H18O4

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined from X-ray diffraction data using\(Cu - K\bar \alpha \) radiation. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group\(P\bar 1\) witha=8.351(1),b=9.348(2),c=10.736(2) A,α=91.19(2),β=90.07(2), γ=110.18(1)°, andZ=2. The structure was solved by direct methods and a full-matrix least-squares refinement converged to a finalR=0.057 for 2522 unique reflections with I≥3σ(I). The cyclopentenonaphthalene ring system is planar (mean deviation, 0.028 A). The molecules are held together by van der Waals forces. Averaged C-O bond lengths are: C(sp2)-O=1.357(18); C(sp3)-O=1.448(12); and C=O=1.210(14) A.
Disturbed land rehabilitation in Lynx Creek watershed

Abstract Rodiek, J., Verma, T.R. and Thames, J.L., 1976. Disturbed land rehabilitation in Lynx Creek Watershed. Landscape Plann. , 2: 265–282. The Lynx Creek Watershed is located on the Prescott National Forest about 8 km south of Prescott, Arizona. The watershed, with an area of 7304 ha, has experienced intensive copper and gold mining activities in the past. Approximately 13% of the area still consists of patented mining claims (mainly copper). There are numerous abandoned mine shafts, waste dumps and mine tailings in the area. Past mining activities in the watershed have caused significant deterioration in water quality within and downstream from the mining sites. Mine drainage includes water flowing from mine shafts, surface runoff and seepage from mining dumps. Drainage from the numerous old mining sites contributes to the toxic mineral and sediment pollution of the water resources in the area. The pollutants in the form of dissolved, suspended or other solid mineral wastes and debris, enter in the streams of ground water. Aquatic life and recreation potential of the watershed is greatly reduced by the water pollution problem from the abandoned mines. The pollutants from the abandoned mines enter into Lynx Lake which is located 10 km southeast of Prescott. Lynx Lake, a trout fisheries lake, was created by a dam built in 1963 by the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The lake is 22 surface hectares in size with the storage capacity of 1.85 × 10 6 m 3 . The average yearly flow of sediment into the lake is 2900 m 3 . The sediment is slightly acidic and has a high concentration of copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and sulfates. The Sheldon dump and tailings pond are considered two major sources of pollution. Increasing need to direct additional attention toward mineral related problems made it necessary to coordinate U.S. Forest Service efforts with others involved in mining and reclamation. The Forest Service started SEAM (Surface Environment And Mining) in 1972 to coordinate interagency reclamation efforts. The Sheldon Mine dump and tailings pond were undertaken as a reclamation project through the coordinated efforts of the Forest Service, and the School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona at Tucson. The project is aimed at reclaiming some of the abandoned spoils in the Lynx Creek watershed and monitoring of water quality in the creek to evaluate the effectiveness of reclamation procedures. The reclamation approach includes recontouring, revegetating, drainage control and visual impact modification activities. The results to date have been encouraging. There was an excellent vegetation cover established within 5 weeks of seeding. Runoff and sediment control on the regraded slopes seemed quite effective. The methodology and technological experience gained from the reclamation project will provide invaluable information for reclaiming any abandoned mining sites within the Ponderosa Pine Ecosystem.
Pharmacokinetic interactions of CEP-1347 and atazanavir in HIV-infected patients

CEP-1347 is a potent inhibitor of mixed lineage kinase (MLK), which was investigated for ameliorating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. CEP-1347 and atazanavir pharmacokinetics were determined when CEP-1347 50 mg twice daily was administered to HIV-infected patients (n = 20) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy including atazanavir and ritonavir (ATV/RTV, 300/100 mg) once daily continuously. Co-administration of CEP-1347 and ATV/RTV resulted with significant changes in pharmacokinetics of ATV but not RTV. Specifically, an increase in ATV accumulation ratio of 15 % (p = 0.007) and a prolongation of T 1/2 from 12.7 to 15.9 h (p = 0.002) were observed. The results suggested that co-administration of CEP-1347 with ATV/RTV in HIV-infected patients might result in limited impact on ATV but not on RTV pharmacokinetics.
The rediscovery of philosophy in emotion

Abstract Reviews of The Rationality of Emotion by Ronald de Soma. Cambridge, Mass. and London: M.I.T. Press (1987), pp. 333. ISBN 0-262-04092-1, £22.50, $25 The Structure of Emotions: Investigations in Cognitive Philosophy by Robert M. Gordon. Cambridge University Press (1987), pp. 155. ISBN 0-521-33164-1, £22.50, $29.95
Patterns of Stress and Support Among Adventist Clergy: Do Pastors and their Spouses Differ?

Studies of clergy stress have addressed the demands made by the ministry environment on the minister’s personal and family life. Most of the research has been conducted using the individual responses of male pastors. Comparatively little empirical research has been done with pastors’ wives, and still less where both the husbands’ and the wives’ responses are matched and compared. The present study utilizes Hill’s (Families under stress, Harper, New York, 1949) ABC-X model of family stress to examine differences between spouses in how demand, support, and perception relate to personal and ministry outcomes. Survey results from a sample of 147 male Seventh-Day Adventist clergy and their wives indicated that while there were some consistent differences in levels of demand and support, the most salient variable was their satisfaction with available social support, and this was true of both pastors and wives.
Communicative Effectiveness of Written Versus Spoken Feedback

How does written and spoken feedback influence communicators' effectiveness in a shared task? Groups of two to four participants engaged in a referential communication task. The director described an array of shapes to the rest of the group via streaming video chat. In each group, one to three matchers attempted to arrange cards depicting those shapes into the director's arrangement. In one condition, matchers could speak to each other and the director through the video chat. In the other condition, matchers could only type contributions into a shared text chat. Spoken feedback dyads successfully arranged more cards than written feedback dyads. However, in groups with more than one matcher, feedback modalities were equally effective. Across group sizes and feedback types, when any matcher contributed more to the discourse, all matchers benefited. Spoken and written feedback groups differed in the amount and types of contributions matchers provided. Spoken feedback groups had more total discourse than writ...
Activity-based sleep–wake identification in infants

Actigraphy offers one of the best-known alternatives to polysomnography for sleep-wake identification. The advantages of actigraphy include high accuracy, simplicity of use and low intrusiveness. These features allow the use of actigraphy for determining sleep-wake states in such highly sensitive groups as infants. This study utilizes a motion sensor (accelerometer) for a dual purpose: to determine an infant's position in the crib and to identify sleep-wake states. The accelerometer was positioned over the sacral region on the infant's diaper, unlike commonly used attachment to an ankle. Opposed to broadly used discriminant analysis, this study utilized logistic regression and neural networks as predictors. The accuracy of predicted sleep-wake states was established in comparison to the sleep-wake states recorded by technicians in a polysomnograph study. Both statistical and neural predictors of this study provide an accuracy of approximately 77-92% which is comparable to similar studies achieving prediction rates of 85-95%, thus validating the suggested methodology. The results support the use of body motion as a simple and reliable method for determining sleep-wake states in infants. Nonlinear mapping capabilities of the neural network benefit the accuracy of sleep-wake state identification. Utilization of the accelerometer for the dual purpose allows us to minimize intrusiveness of home infant monitors.
Effects of vitamin A deficiency on ultimobranchial tissue in the rat thyroid.

Ultimobranchial follicles in the thyroid glands of young Wistar rats, 4 to 12 weeks old, are lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithe-lium and contain desquamated cellular material. Mitoses are observed in the epithelium of these follicles which are variable in size, shape and frequency. Thyroid glands of young vitamin A deficient rats also contain ultimobranchial follicles. These follicles differ from those found in animals on a stock diet in that the stratified squamous epithelium produces keratinized concentric whorls of non-nucleated luminal debris. After placing vitamin A deficient rats on a stock diet desquamated cellular material is no longer keratinized and resembles that seen in the control animals. Vitamin A deficient diet apparently keratinizes the stratified squamous epithelium of pre-existing ultimobranchial follicles rather than solely having a metaplastic effect on thyroid-like follicles of ultimobranchial tissue origin.
Rocuronium for nonemergent intubation of term and preterm infants

The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics of rocuronium as premedication for nonemergent intubation in infants. Preterm infants requiring nonemergent intubation were randomized to receive atropine and fentanyl with or without rocuronium. Outcomes, patient characteristics and intubator's experience were noted. Onset, duration and degree of clinical paralysis were recorded for rocuronium group and for older infants receiving rocuronium per unit protocol. Forty-four intubations were randomized (20 rocuronium, 24 control). Groups were similar in chronological and corrected gestational age, weight and intubator's experience. Successful intubation on first attempt was achieved in 35% of intubations under rocuronium vs 8% of controls; rocuronium was the only significant variable by logistic regression (odds ratio=0.052, P=0.029). Complete paralysis was reported in 80% of 57 rocuronium intubations; onset ranged from 14 to 178 s (65.9±43.4), and duration from 1 to 60 min (16.3±13.5). Rocuronium facilitated successful intubation and provided clinical paralysis quickly in most infants.
Fuzzy logic multisensor association algorithm: dealing with multiple targets, intermittent data, and noise

A recursive multisensor association algorithm has been developed based on fuzzy logic. It simultaneously determines fuzzy grades of membership and fuzzy cluster centers. It is capable of associating data from various sensor types and in its simplest form makes no assumption about noise statistics as many association algorithms do. The algorithm is capable of performing without operator intervention. It associates data from the same target for multiple sensor types. The algorithm also provides an estimate of the number of targets present, reduced noise estimates of the quantities being measured, and a measure of confidence to assign to the data association. A comparison of the algorithm to a more conventional Bayesian association algorithm is provided. The data from both the ESM and radar systems is noisy and the ESM data is intermittent. The radar data has probability of detection less than unity. The effect of a large number of targets being present in the data on parameter estimation, determination of the number of targets and multisensor data association is examined. A method for determining sliding data window size based on fuzzy clustering for the multitarget case is discussed.
Microstructural Origin of Strength and Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of a bifunctional epoxy resin are synthesized and evaluated. Organically modified layered silicate (OLS) particles (4% by weight) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) (1% by weight) are used as reinforcements. Thermal and viscoelastic characterization of the two composites are performed and compared with the neat resin. Tensile tests are conducted on multiple identical unnotched and notched specimens to evaluate the overloading and fracture behavior of the nanocomposites. In comparison with the neat bifunctional epoxy, it is found that the 1% MWNT reinforcement increased the ultimate strength and strain to failure by about 139 and 158%, respectively. In comparison, the OLS has increased the ultimate strength and strain by about 30 and 20%, respectively. In comparison with the neat resin, there is a 170% increase in the fracture toughness of the MWNT composites and only 17% in the case of the OLS composites. Fracture surface analysis revealed the various mechanisms by which the MWNT compo...
Normative Potentials of Rhetorical Action Within Deliberative Democracies

Jurgen Habermas’ theoretically generated normative recommendations for deliberative democracies prompt a number of questions that are symptomatic of a mode of theorizing that has given short shrift to an empirical is that asserts itself either as constraints upon emancipatory potentials of public sphere communication or as the emancipatory potentials themselves as expressed concretely within empirically situated communicative practices. This limitation is apparent in the relative neglect of subaltern groups that remain walled off from effective participation in the public sphere. Consideration of the rhetorical practices of subalterns, I argue, invites critical reappraisal of Habermas’ discourse-based theory of the public sphere which, in turn, suggests that some modification of his normative recommendations for deliberative democracies may be in order.