cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Merger analysis in the courts

This paper presents an analysis of the merger decisions between 1982 and 1992. The survey of cases suggests that the plaintiffs win roughly half the time, a result which is invariant to the inferred political affiliation of the judge and within the time period under study. Further analysis suggests that barriers to entry and various competitive factors supplement the Herfindahl statistic in predicting the outcome of the case. Additional models link barrier and competitive conditions findings to exogenous factors such as the DOJ as a plaintiff and the filing for a preliminary injunction.
An empirical investigation of conservatism in book value measurement

Outlines the role of the conservatism inherent in generally accepted accounting principles in Ohlson’s (1995) and Feltham and Ohlson’s (1995) valuation models and compares it with other research findings. Identifies potential sources of conservatism (e.g. expensing advertising costs, providing for deferred tax etc.), develops a mathematical model and applies it to 1980‐1994 US data to examine their relative importance. Finds that intensity of R&D and age of fixed assets are the most significant and goes on to compare the effectiveness of the Feltham/Ohlson conservatism parameter in capturing this information. Shows that their linear information models seems to capture different aspects of the relationship between book and market values and calls for further research.
New insights into T-cell antigen receptor structure and signal transduction.

Abstract Recent studies have provided insights into how the complex structure of the T-cell antigen receptor relates to its signal transduction function. Both the CD3 and ζ subunits contain functioning signaling modules that regulate the activation of tyrosine kinases and phosphorylation of cellular substrates.
Stress Distribution Beneath Island Arcs

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1971.
ECONOMIC COSTS OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

ABSTRACT Purpose: Several studies document the impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in working, aged men. Direct medical costs related to BPH treatment are largely borne by employees through higher premiums. However, indirect costs related to lost work are primarily borne by the employer. In this study we used claims data and absentee records from large employers to estimate the costs associated with BPH in working age males. Materials and Methods: We used 2 data sources to examine direct and indirect costs associated with BPH in a privately insured, nonelderly population. Multivariate regression models were used to predict spending for persons with and without a medical claim for BPH, controlling for relevant covariates. Data on work loss were linked to medical claims to estimate work loss related to treatment for BPH. Results: Mean annual expenditures were $4,193 for men without a medical claim for BPH. In contrast, annual spending was $5,729 for men with a claim for BPH. Thus, the incremental cost associated with a diagnosis of BPH was $1,536 yearly. Overall the average employee with the condition missed 7.3 hours of work yearly related to BPH with approximately 10% reporting some work loss related to a health care encounter for BPH. Conclusions: Treatment of men with BPH places a significant burden on employees and their employers through direct medical costs as well as through lost work time. Direct and indirect costs to the private sector related to BPH treatment are estimated to be $3.9 billion.
Elaboration-based learning strategies: Powerful theory = powerful application

Abstract Elaboration in learning involves meaning-enhancing additions, constructions, or generations that improve one's memory for what is being learned. Over the last quarter of a century, cognitive psychologists have provided theoretical accounts for a rich variety of elaboration phenomena. The cumulative effect of this systematic theory building has been to yield a number of potentially powerful educational applications that lend themselves to direct empirical validation. Combining the cognitive components of elaboration with relevant metacognitive components, educational researchers have begun to devise pedagogically sound strategies and strategy-training programs. These elaboration-based strategies have been found to facilitate students' performances in a variety of school-learning content areas and tasks, ranging from memory for simple factual material to the processing of complex prose passages. In addition, the ingredients required for student-controlled use and transfer of such strategies are becoming better understood. In this article, the productive history of elaboration theory and application is summarized.
Maximum independent set for intervals by divide and conquer with pruning

Suppose a given set of n intervals contains a maximum independent set of k disjoint intervals. This brief note demonstrates that “divide and conquer with pruning” produces an easy, output-sensitive O(n log k)-time algorithm to compute such a maximum independent set. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(2), 158–159 2007
Time-lapse seismic modeling for CO2 sequestration at the Dickman Oilfield, Kansas

ABSTRACTCarbon dioxide capture and injection into the subsurface has aroused great interest in the past few years as a method to enhance oil recovery and mitigate CO2 emissions. The Dickman Oilfield located in Kansas provides two possible CO2 sequestration targets: a regional deep saline reservoir (the primary objective) and a shallower mature depleted oil reservoir (secondary). We focused on the shallower depleted oil reservoir through a 250-year flow-simulation scenario and a fault leakage test. Seismic responses at various time intervals were simulated to help monitor CO2 flow paths and injection stability. A complex and realistic geologic model with unconformity was embedded in the flow-simulation model. A regridding technique was used that assigned geologic values to a regular seismic grid that allowed 2D acoustic and elastic finite-difference simulation. Gassmann fluid substitution theory was used to obtain the reservoir properties with different CO2 saturations, and the vertical seismic profile was...
Robust Estimation in Analysis of Variance

In linear models with several observations per cell, estimates of all contrasts are given whose small and large sample behaviour is analogous to that of the estimate of a shift parameter proposed in [2]. In particular, the asymptotic efficiency of these estimates relative to the standard least squares estimates, as the number of observations in each cell gets large, is shown to be the same as the Pitman efficiency of the Wilcoxon test relative to the t-test.
Hormonal studies and physical maturation in adolescent gynecomastia

As part of a 3-year longitudinal study of lipid and hormonal changes during puberty, 536 boys aged 10 to 15 years were prospectively followed every 6 months to assess development of gynecomastia. The overall prevalence of gynecomastia in the 377 with complete data was 48.5% (51% of white subjects and 46% of black subjects). In the majority of subjects, gynecomastia developed during mid-puberty. Gynecomastia was bilateral in 55% of subjects, on the left side in 19%, and on the right in 26%. Gynecomastia was documented for only one visit in the majority of subjects. When subjects were matched at the onset of gynecomastia for race, visit number, and pubertal rating, there were no significant differences between those with or without gynecomastia in serum estradiol level, testosterone level, estrogen/testosterone, ratio, or dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate level. However, free testosterone level, weight, and Quetelet index were all significantly lower, and the testosterone-estrogen binding globulin level was significantly greater, in those with gynecomastia. We conclude that approximately half of adolescent boys have transient gynecomastia, usually lasting less than 1 year; those with gynecomastia enter mid-puberty at an earlier age, have a lower Quetelet index, and have lower serum free testosterone levels.
Inositol Cycling and Phosphoinositide Metabolism in Rat Pancreatic Islets.

The effects of extracellular inositol and LiCl on intra-islet inositol cycling were investigated in isolated rat islets. Islets were cultured for 7 days in inositol-free RPMI 1640 containing 11.1mM glucose and labeled with 3.7MBq myo-[2-3H] inositol for the final 3days. The labeled islets were then perifused under various conditions. There was a persistent increase in [3H] efflux from labeled islets stimulated with 16.7mM glucose for 60 min. Addition of 5mM inositol resulted in marked release of [3H] from islets and a decrease in radioactive inositol-lipid. When islets were perifused with 5mM LiCl, the glucose-induced efflux of [3H] was greatly inhibited. The inhibitory effect of LiCI on [3H] efflux was partially corrected by the addition of 5mM inositol. A prominent effect of LiCl was an increase in inositol monophosphate, indicating increased phospholipase C activity. This was detected within 5 min after glucose stimulation. The present data suggest that there is always very active intra-islet inositol cycling and that glucose can augument inositol-lipid metabolism.
The elastic constants of magnesium fluoride

Abstract This elastic constants (at room temperature) of magnesium fluoride have been measured by the pulsed ultrasonic technique. Certain of the experimental acoustic velocities have been compared with results taken from the theoretical dispersion curves of Katiyar and Krishnan.
Suppression of prostaglandin synthesis by analogues of cyclic AMP and forskolin in chondrocyte monolayer cultures.

Abstract Recent experimental studies indicated that prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) is the most abundant prostanoid synthesized by rabbit articular chondrocytes. Exogenous PGE 2 stimulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis in these cells. Analogues of cAMP and forskolin have now been shown to suppress the biosynthesis of PGE 2 in the presence of serum in a time-dependent manner. The most abundant prostanoid, PGE 2 was most markedly affected. PGF 2α was unaffected. These results indicated that intracellular accumulation of cAMP in chondrocytes and relative resistance of cAMP to phosphodiesterases control prostanoid synthesis in a negative feedback loop.
Field Experiments in a Course on Behavioral Economics: Nudging Students Around Campus

In experiential education, the student learns through experience by observing a concept or phenomenon and applying this knowledge in a real-world context. A research project conducted by undergraduate students at a U.S. private liberal arts college is described in this article. The project provided opportunity for students to think about their decision-making processes, compare them to existing literature, and apply this knowledge in examining their own hypotheses through primary data collection on campus. While the research design's simplicity ensured that the project could be completed in time for a final grade and sacrificed lecture material in favor of feedback opportunities, this behavioral field experiment was a rewarding experience because of students’ enthusiasm and their ability to defend and think critically of their own ideas.
Activation of a novel estrogen receptor, GPER, is cardioprotective in male and female rats

Premenopausal females have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease than their male counterparts, but the mechanism is unclear. Estrogen has been thought to signal through two nuclear receptors: estrogen receptor-α or estrogen receptor-β; however, a third, membrane-bound receptor G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), has been identified and shown to bind estrogen with high affinity. To date, there is little information on GPER in the heart and no study has looked at the effect of GPER activation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether activation of GPER is cardioprotective in rats. A highly specific GPER agonist, G-1, was administered to Sprague-Dawley (200–350 g) rat hearts 10 min before 20 min of ischemic followed by 120 min of reperfusion using a Langendorff model. Similar levels of GPER were found in both male and female rat hearts. With administration of 110 nM of G-1, postischemic contractile dysfunction was significantly reduced compared with untreated controls (43.8 ± 4.3% vs. 26.9 ± 2.1% of preischemic rate pressure product; P < 0.05). Additionally, infarct size was reduced in the G-1-treated animals when compared with control (18.8 ± 2.7% vs. 32.4 ± 2.1%; P < 0.05). These observations were demonstrated in both male and intact female rat hearts. Through Western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that G-1 induces the activation of both Akt and ERK1/2. Furthermore, the protection afforded by G-1 was blocked by coadministration of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin, 100 nM). Taken together, the data show that G-1 activation of GPER improves functional recovery and reduces infarct size in isolated rat hearts following I/R through a PI3K-dependent, gender-independent mechanism.
Neural substrates of drug craving and relapse in drug addiction

Drug addiction is characterized by motivational disturbances such as compulsive drug taking and episodes of intense drug craving. Recent advances using animal models of relapse have shown that drug-seeking behaviour can be triggered by drug-associated cues, by stress and by 'priming' injections of the drugs themselves, events also known to trigger drug craving in human drug addicts. Current evidence suggests that these stimuli all induce relapse, at least in part, by their common ability to activate the mesolimbic dopamine system. Drug-associated cues and stress can activate this system via neural circuits from the prefrontal cortex and amygdala and through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Our studies suggest that dopamine triggers relapse to drug-seeking behaviour by stimulating D2-dopamine receptors which inhibit the cyclic AMP second messenger pathway in the neurones of the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, compounds which activate D1 receptors prevent relapse to drug-seeking behaviour, possibly through satiation of reward pathways. Chronic neuroadaptations in dopamine receptor signalling pathways in the nucleus accumbens caused by repeated drug use are hypothesized to produce tolerance to the rewarding effects of D1-receptor stimulation, leading to increased drug intake during drug self-administration. Conversely, these same neuroadaptations are hypothesized to enhance drug craving by potentiating D2 receptor-mediated signals during abstinence. These findings identify D1 and D2-dopamine receptor mechanisms as potential targets for developing anticraving compounds to treat drug addiction.
Embedding discrete flows on R in a continuous flow

Abstract The problem of determining when a given discrete flow on a topological space is embeddable in some continuous flow was mentioned by G. R. Sell (“Topological Dynamics and Ordinary Differential Equations,” Van Nostrand, New York, 1971 ) in his book on topological dynamics. In this book, the theory of generalized dynamical systems is exploited in the qualitative study of differential equations. Even more complicated is the problem of simultaneously embedding two or more discrete flows in a single continuous flow. We examine both of these problems when the underlying topological space is the space R of the real numbers.
New Sources of Cylindrocladium Black Rot Resistance among Runner-Type Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Cylindrocladium Black Rot (CBR) caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield, & Alfenas syn. C. crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers is a major disease problem in southeast U.S. pean...
Substance Use, Mental Disorders and Physical Health of Caribbeans at-Home Compared to Those Residing in the United States

This study compares the health conditions of domestic Caribbeans with those living in the United States to explore how national context and migration experiences might influence substance use (i.e., alcohol or drug) and other mental and physical health conditions. The study is based upon probability samples of non-institutionalized Caribbeans living in the United States (1621), Jamaica (1216) and Guyana (2068) 18 years of age and over. Employing descriptive statistics and multivariate analytic procedures, the results revealed that substance use and other physical health conditions and major depressive disorder and mania vary by national context, with higher rates among Caribbeans living in the United States. Context and generation status influenced health outcomes. Among first generation black Caribbeans, residing in the United States for a longer length of time is linked to poorer health outcomes. There were different socio-demographic correlates of health among at-home and abroad Caribbeans. The results of this study support the need for additional research to explain how national context, migratory experiences and generation status contribute to understanding substance use and mental disorders and physical health outcomes among Caribbean first generation and descendants within the United States, compared to those remaining in the Caribbean region.
Expression and Purification of Recombinant Rhinovirus 14 3CD Proteinase and Its Comparison to the 3C Proteinase

Abstract Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus with an open reading frame that encodes for a single polyprotein of about 3000 amino acids. The HRV polyprotein is proteolytically processed; eight of nine cleavages are catalyzed by the 3C and/or the 3CD proteinases. We have expressed and purified recombinant HRV14 3C and 3CD proteinases and investigated their substrate selectivity and inhibitor sensitivity. Expressed 3CD proteinase had the P1/P1′ residues of the 3C/3D cleavage site mutated from Gln/Gly to Ala/Ala in order to prevent autocleavage. The 3CD proteinase activities were measured by utilization of native, chromogenic, and fluorogenic peptide substrates. The 3CD proteinase exhibited ≤15% activity, compared to 3C, toward peptidyl p -nitroanilide substrates which contain only the p -nitroaniline moiety in the prime side. The 3C and 3CD proteinases exhibited similar activities for both internally quenched fluorogenic and native peptides. These results suggest that the two enzymes have similar but slightly different substrate specificity, especially on their preference for prime side residues. Inhibitor sensitivities toward classical proteinase inhibitors were generally similar for both enzymes. Small peptidyl inhibitors, specifically designed and synthesized for HRV14 3C, also inhibited the 3CD proteinase. Taken together, our data indicate that the 3D domain of 3CD proteinase had some influence on substrate recognition, but did not have dramatic impact on its interaction with inhibitors.
Parametric study of the validity of the weak-line and strong-line limits of infrared H2O band absorption

The goal of this research was to map the regimes of validity of the weak-line and strong-line limits as a function of temperature, pressure, and path length for the 2.7 micrometers and 6.3 micrometers H2O absorption bands. These calculations were done using an updated version of the NASA band model. A parametric study was performed where the error in assuming the validity of the two limits was calculated as a function of the physical parameters temperature, pressure, and path length. Results were generated in the form of spectral plots of the error and as band-integrated error presented in contour plots as a function of temperature and path length. Results indicate that for both bands, the weak-line error is localized in regions of intermediate temperatures and pressures at all path lengths. The strong-line limit error shows a linear increasing trend with pressure at short path lengths, while varying as a saddle-shaped function with respect to temperature and pressure at longer path lengths.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Adult mesenchymal stem cells

In early 1970’s, Friedenstein and colleagues were the first to report the presence of fibroblastoid cells that could be flushed out from the adult bone marrow, form colonies on plastic and, when transplanted subcutaneously with appropriate carriers, could make bone and reconstitute a hematopoietic microenvironment. Friedenstein provided the first evidence of the existence in the bone marrow of what later would be called a “mesenchymal stem cell” or MSC. Over the years, it has become progressively clear that such cells, which can differentiate in vitro into a variety of mesenchymal lineages such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, are not an exclusive feature of the bone marrow, but can also be isolated from other organs and tissues. A large number of studies have provided evidence in support of their plasticity, their potential use for tissue engineering purposes, their extraordinary immunomodulatory properties, as well as their ability to be recruited to sites of injury where they might contribute a “natural in vivo system for tissue repair”. Other studies have attempted the characterization of their cell-surface specific antigens and of their anatomical locations in vivo. However, despite this impressive body of investigations, numerous questions related to the developmental origin of these cells, their proposed pluripotency, and their participation to the physiological processes of bone modeling and remodeling and tissue repair in vivo, are still largely unanswered. Moreover, both a systematic phenotypic in vivo characterization of the MSC population and the development of a reproducible and faithful in vivo model that would test the ability of MSCs to self-renew, proliferate and differentiate in vivo are still just beginning. Lastly, a detailed analysis of the complex network of signaling pathways that very likely regulates their proliferative and differentiation potential has also just begun.This brief review summarizes the current knowledge and the outstanding questions in the field of the study of mesenchymal stem cells.
American studies, cultural studies et le cinéma américain des années 80

Abordant le champ des american studies (plus precisement dans son premier essor dans les annees 50) et la recente emergence du champ des cultural studies, l’auteur avance que les deux sont incapables de rendre compte de la reelle complexite de la production pour le grand public (dans ce cas, le film americain des annees 80), parce qu’ils restent attaches a des notions de culture comme mythe, pourvoyeur de signification, transmetteur de themes. L’auteur propose de comprendre la culture contemporaine davantage comme un spectacle — une presentation visuelle saisissante de points de vue non signifiants — et examine au moyen de quelques facons specifiques comment le film des annees 80 travaille a inhiber, a compliquer, a detourner l’interpretation.
An olfactometer for small rodents

An olfactometer that captures and delivers biological odors at experimenter-controlled times, without dilution, is described. The apparatus is quiet, efficient, versatile, animal-safe, and fairly inexpensive. Tests indicate that the device is successful in isolating transitory odors.
Determining critical infrastructure for ocean research and societal needs in 2030

[1] The United States has jurisdiction over 3.4 million square miles of ocean—an expanse greater than the land area of all 50 states combined. This vast marine area offers researchers opportunities to investigate the ocean's role in an integrated Earth system but also presents challenges to society, including damaging tsunamis and hurricanes, industrial accidents, and outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill and 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami are vivid reminders that a broad range of infrastructure is needed to advance scientists' still incomplete understanding of the ocean. The National Research Council's (NRC) Ocean Studies Board was asked by the National Science and Technology Council's Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology, comprising 25 U.S. government agencies, to examine infrastructure needs for ocean research in the year 2030. This request reflects concern, among a myriad of marine issues, over the present state of aging and obsolete infrastructure, insufficient capacity, growing technological gaps, and declining national leadership in marine technological development; these issues were brought to the nation's attention in 2004 by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy.
Navigating the ClpB channel to solution.

New work places the Hsp70/DnaK system in an opening role in protein disaggregation, facilitating the extraction of individual polypeptides from the aggregate surface to the axial channel of Hsp104/ClpB. It also reinforces a long-standing belief that reactivation rather than simple clearance of aggregated protein is necessary for cell stress tolerance.
Consequences of neglecting the hemoglobin concentration on the determination of Adair binding constants.

Abstract It is commonly believed that the tetrameric Adair constants for oxygen binding to human hemoglobin can be evaluated from a single oxygenation experiment at ‘high’ hemoglobin concentration without considering the consequence of the presence of αβ dimers. We present examples which demonstrate that this is a very dangerous assumption. Without a knowledge of the complete oxygenation-linked dimer-tetramer association reaction (αβX i (αβ) 2 X j ), it is impossible to predict a priori how high of a hemoglobin concentration would be required to make this assumption. Furthermore, without a knowledge of the complete oxygenation-linked dimer-tetramer association reaction, it is impossible to predict a priori the direction and magnitude of the systematic errors which are induced by making this assumption.
On the thermal aspects of ductile regime micro-scratching of single crystal silicon for NEMS/MEMS applications

Abstract Ductile regime machining, DRM, of silicon offers an advantageous alternative to produce a material base that is suitable for MEMS/NEMS fabrication. DRM of brittle materials is due to the joined influence of a thermal and a mechanical effect. Due to the relative facility by which the mechanical behavior of Si in the ductile regime can be characterized, mechanical influences in DRM have received considerable attention. Thermal influences, however, were not the subject of many investigations due to the difficulties encountered in monitoring the thermal behavior of the ductile silicon phase. This paper reports on a series of micro-scratching experiments that were designed to remedy the current gap in literature. The experiments mimic DRM by scratching the surface of single crystal silicon wafers using a stylus with spherically capped diamond tip. In situ electrical resistivity measurements of the wafer surface allowed monitoring the behavior of Silicon in the ductile regime, electrical resistivity measurements were teamed to temperature computations. Applying the Wiedemann–Franz–Lorentz law, thermal conduction fields in the wafers characterized. As such, the thermal environment in the workpiece-stylus contact zone during the brittle–ductile transformation was characterized. The results indicate that: while covalent silicon is an average thermal conductor (K = 120–124 W/m K), the ductile phase is rather insulative (K ≈ 1–2.5 W/m K). The impact of low thermal conductivity on silicon machining and its’ effects on process parameters is detailed and the implications for tool wear and geometry are discussed.
Esoteric buddhism in southeast Asia in the light of recent scholarship

Indian esoteric Buddhism: A social history of the Tantric movement. By Ronald M. Davidson. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Pp. 475. Maps, Illustrations, Glossary, Bibliographies, Index.
Management of the Patient With Congestive Heart Failure Using Outpatient, Home, and Palliative Care

Congestive heart failure is a chronic, debilitating illness, with increasing prevalence in the elderly. It is one of the most common causes for hospital admission, and associated treatment costs are estimated at $20.2 billion. Despite improved survival with medical therapy, beneficial effects on quality of life have not been consistently reported. In addition, optimum medical therapy, as recommended by evidence-based guidelines, are not always implemented. Counseling and education involving dietary modifications, activity recommendations, medication management, self-monitoring, prognosis, coping skills, social support, caregiver stress, and spiritual needs are critical components in the management of heart failure through initial diagnosis to end of life. Within the last decade, close follow-up for congestive heart failure has been associated with decreased hospitalizations, reduced hospital length of stay, improved functional status, better compliance, lower costs, and improved survival. Research trials have mainly been observational and small, and they have used different interventions. Little has been written regarding outpatient management of the patient with advanced congestive heart failure, and none of the current published guidelines addresses recommendations for the New York Heart Association class IV (other than for transplant candidacy). New models of close follow-up for chronic and advanced congestive heart failure should be investigated. These models could be implemented in urban and rural settings and be supported by private insurance or Medicare.
The N terminus of Drosophila ESC binds directly to histone H3 and is required for E(Z)-dependent trimethylation of H3 lysine 27

Polycomb group proteins mediate heritable transcriptional silencing and function through multiprotein complexes that methylate and ubiquitinate histones. The 600-kDa E(Z)/ESC complex, also known as Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), specifically methylates histone H3 lysine 27 (H3 K27) through the intrinsic histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity of the E(Z) SET domain. By itself, E(Z) exhibits no detectable HMTase activity and requires ESC for methylation of H3 K27. The molecular basis for this requirement is unknown. ESC binds directly, via its C-terminal WD repeats (β-propeller domain), to E(Z). Here, we show that the N-terminal region of ESC that precedes its β-propeller domain interacts directly with histone H3, thereby physically linking E(Z) to its substrate. We show that when expressed in stable S2 cell lines, an N-terminally truncated ESC (FLAG-ESC61-425), like full-length ESC, is incorporated into complexes with E(Z) and binds to a Ubx Polycomb response element in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. However, incorporation of this N-terminally truncated ESC into E(Z) complexes prevents trimethylation of histone H3 by E(Z). We also show that a closely related Drosophila melanogaster paralog of ESC, ESC-like (ESCL), and the mammalian homolog of ESC, EED, also interact with histone H3 via their N termini, indicating that the interaction of ESC with histone H3 is evolutionarily conserved, reflecting its functional importance. Our data suggest that one of the roles of ESC (and ESCL and EED) in PRC2 complexes is to enable E(Z) to utilize histone H3 as a substrate by physically linking enzyme and substrate.
Interaction and release of soluble immune complexes from mouse B lymphocytes

Abstract Soluble immune complexes ( 125 I BSA-anti-BSA-C) bind to B lymphocytes and accumulate at one pole of the cells (“caps”). The complexes remain on the membrane after incubation of the cells at 37 °C in tissue culture medium for several hours. The 125 I BSA can be quantitatively removed from the cell surface by incubation with excess BSA but not with excess antibody to BSA or preformed BSA-anti-BSA-C complexes. The release of 125 I BSA is probably due to the removal of the complexes from the cell membrane and not to an exchange between unlabeled BSA in the medium and the labeled BSA present in the membrane-bound complexes. Release of 125 I BSA by excess BSA is temperature dependent. The membrane-bound complexes can also be removed by incubating the cells with papain fragments of rabbit antibody to mouse Ig (anti- γ 1 , γ 2 , and k Ig chains). However, after exposure to divalent [F(ab′) 2 or 7S Ig] rabbit antibodies to mouse Ig, the complexes remain associated with the cells. In addition, after such treatment the complexes cannot be removed by excess BSA or by Fab anti-Ig.
Extended isotropic-to-anisotropic crossover above the nematic-smectic-A phase transition.

We perform a one-loop, self-consistent calculation of the density-wave and director fluctuations above the nematic-smectic-A phase transition, find the renormalization or the perpendicular and parallel correlation lengths, and for the first time calculate values or the anisotropic critical-point exponents v ∥ and v ⊥. As the transition is approached several distinct regions or scaling behavior are round with increasingly anisotropic critical behavior
Hepatitis in patients with end‐stage renal disease

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are two common pathogens causing chronic hepatitis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). With the acceptance of hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) screening, infected patients have been identified and isolated over the past 20 years. Consequently, hepatitis B is now being seen less frequently in dialysis units. Even though hepatitis B has become less of a problem, non-A, non-B hepatitis has been recognized as a significant problem since 1979. With the availability of serological testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV), more specific information is now available in regard to HCV infection in dialysis patients. The prevalence of anti-HCV in haemodialysis (HD) patients is quite variable, ranging from 5 to over 50%. Anti-HCV positivity is associated with previous blood transfusions, mode of therapy and duration of haemodialysis. In Spain and Italy, the annual seroconversion rates of HCV antibodies in dialysis patients are 2-9%; this rate was much higher in Taiwan (15%). Whether patients with HCV infection should be identified and isolated during HD treatment is an issue of controversy. Transplantation is associated with increases in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicative markers. The survival disadvantage in HBsAg-positive recipients usually did not become apparent until 8 years after transplantation. Hepatitis C virus-infected renal transplant recipients are presumably in a similar situation to patients with hepatitis B, although confirmatory data are currently lacking. Coinfection of HBV and HCV may lead to aggressive liver disease and cirrhosis. A hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all susceptible dialysis patients. Dialysis patients have lower response rates to hepatitis B vaccines than do other people. Currently, no vaccine is available for hepatitis C. To date, there are no effective treatments available for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Combination therapy with interferon/lamivudine for hepatitis B and interferon/ribavirin for hepatitis C may offer a promise of effective control of viral replication in the future.
Adolescent-Parent Interaction in Family Decision Making

This article presents a classification of both adolescent influence strategies and parental response strategies, developed from in-depth interviews with adolescents, mothers, and fathers. In addition, the perceived effectiveness of adolescent influence strategies is examined, revealing that adolescents are most successful in their influence attempts when they emulate adult strategies. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Professional identity development theory and doctoral education

This chapter explores the benefits of enhancing doctoral students' abilities to exploit the synergies among their multiple academic identities.
Evaluation of ocean color data processing schemes for VIIRS sensor using in-situ data of coastal AERONET-OC sites

In the processing of Ocean Color (OC) data from sensor data recorded by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard JPSS-Suomi satellite, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) is deriving a continuous temporal calibration based on the on-board calibration measurements for the visible bands, and then reprocessing the full mission to produce a continuously calibrated sensor data record (SDR) product. In addition, a vicarious calibration during SDR to OC Level-2 processing is applied. In the latest processing the vicarious calibration is derived from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) data, whereas in the initial processing it was derived from a sea surface reflectance model and a climatology of chlorophyll-a concentration. Furthermore, NASA has recently reprocessed the OC data for the entire VIIRS mission with lunar-based temporal calibration and updated vicarious gains. On the other hand, in fulfilling the mission of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) developed by Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems, for the processing of the environmental data products from sensor data records, has gained beta status for evaluation. As these processing schemes continue to evolve, monitoring the validity and assessments of the related VIIRS ocean color products are necessary, especially for coastal waters, to evaluate the consistency of these processing and calibration schemes. The ocean color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC) has been designed to support long-term satellite ocean color investigations through cross-site measurements collected by autonomous multispectral radiometer systems deployed above water. As part of this network, the Long Island Sound Coastal Observatory (LISCO) near New York City and WaveCIS in the Gulf of Mexico expand those observational capabilities with continuous monitoring as well as (for the LISCO site) additional assessment of the hyper-spectral properties of coastal waters. In the investigations carried out over a one and half year period dataset of VIIRS, based on the data from two coastal AERONET-OC sites, it has been observed that the VIIRS sensor captures well the seasonal and temporal variations in the nLw data, exhibiting significant correlation with in-situ data (R = 0.929 and 0.985 for LISCO and WaveCIS respectively). For the WaveCIS site, VIIRS nLw data retrievals are seen to be enhanced with each incremental adjustments of vicarious and calibration procedures. However, that is not the case for the LISCO site which exhibits more frequent occurrences of negative water-leaving radiances, while underestimation in VIIRS nLw data is further exacerbated. Strong consistency between the time-series nLw data retrieved from the VIIRS and MODIS sensors was also observed.
Detection of thromboxane A2 receptor mRNA in rabbit nodose ganglion neurons

Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) is an arachidonic acid metabolite that is released during tissue trauma and elicits platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle contraction. Previous research has shown that TXA(2) stimulates pulmonary and cardiac vagal afferent neurons. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of the TXA(2) receptor (TP) in vagal neurons would allow for stimulation or modulation of these neurons by TXA(2). To test this hypothesis, single cell RT-PCR was employed using neurons obtained from primary cell cultures of nodose ganglia excised from adult rabbits. Since the sequence for the rabbit TP gene was unknown, a portion of the rabbit TP cDNA was first amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Primer sets for TP were then designed based on this sequence and used in conjunction with a neuronal marker, medium weight neurofilament (NFM), in multiplex RT-PCR reactions. Ninety-three cells were isolated from culture and RT-PCR was carried out on individual cells. Using an aliquot from the initial RT-PCR reaction, a second round of PCR was then employed in which the NFM and TP primer sets were split up into separate reactions. Twenty-three of the 82 cells that were positive for NFM were also positive for TP. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of TP mRNA in a subset of cultured nodose ganglion neurons allows for the possibility that TXA(2) may directly stimulate or modulate vagal afferent neurons.
DAMÉE-NAB: the base experiments

The results of an intercomparison experiment performed with five numerical ocean models of different architecture are presented. While all models are able to simulate the large-scale characteristics of the North Atlantic circulation with a fair degree of realism, they also exhibit differences that can be attributed to the choices made in vertical coordinates, domain size, and boundary conditions.
The Asymptotic Expansion of Legendre Functions of Large Degree and Order

New expansions for the Legendre functions P_n^(-m)(z) and Q_n^(-m)(z) are obtained; m and n are large positive numbers, 0 0 and β = √(1 - α^2). The second set of expansions is in terms of Airy functions. These expansions are uniformly valid with respect to z throughout the whole z plane cut from +1 to -∞ except for a pear-shaped domain surrounding the point z = -1 and a strip lying immediately below the real z axis for which |Rzl -∂. The third group of expansions is in terms of Bessel functions of order m. These expansions are valid uniformly with respect to z over the whole cut z plane except for the pear-shaped domain surrounding z = -1. No expansions have been given before for the Legendre functions of large degree and order.
Biochemical toxicology and disposition of therminol 66 heat transfer fluid after inhalation or after dietary administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats

The objectives of this study were to determine the disposition of Therminol 66 in rats and to determine the effects of this heat‐transfer fluid on liver and kidney microsomal drug‐metabolizing enzymes. Therminol 66 was administered to male Sprague‐Dawley rats at various doses as either a single oral administration at 0, 100, or 300 mg/kg, or as a single 6‐h inhalation exposure at 0 or 350 mg/m3. Animals were killed 48 h after gavage or after termination of inhalation exposure. Additional groups of animals were exposed to Therminol 66 via the diet at 0, 100, 500, or 5000 ppm for 14 d, or via repeated inhalation exposure at 0, 25, 250, or 1200 mg/m3 for 6 h/d for 14 d. These exposure scenarios represent approximately equivalent doses of Therminol 66 by the different routes of administration. No change in body weight was observed after acute oral or inhalation exposure, and little change in body weight was observed in animals administered Therminol 66 via the diet except at the highest dose. There was no cha...
Radioprotective effect of isopentenyladenosine in mice.

(iPA) bewirkt bei Mausen, die mit einer letalen Ganzkorperdosis bestrahlt wurden, einen Schutzeffekt. Diese Verlangerung der mittleren Uberlebenszeit wird mit einer Dosierung von 0,01 bis 0,05 µg/g Korpergewicht erreicht.
An Actor-centric, Asset-Based Monitor Deployment Model for Cloud Computing

Effective monitoring is essential for the security of cloud systems. Although many monitoring tools exist in the cloud domain, there is little guidance on how to deploy monitors to make the most of collected monitor data and increase the chances of detecting security breaches. We introduce an actor-centric, asset-based cloud monitor deployment model that enables practitioners to reason about monitor deployment in terms of the security of their cloud assets. We define an actor model that consolidates several roles in the literature to three roles motivated by security. We then develop an architectural model that identifies the assets that can be owned by each actor, and use it to drive an asset-based cloud threat model. Using our threat model, we describe how a cloud practitioner can reason about monitor deployment to more efficiently deploy monitors and increase its chances of detecting intrusions.
Advances in radiation therapy for oncologic pain.

Pain is a feared component of cancer for a patient. The patient’s prior experience with cancer pain will affect how he or she deals with ongoing and acute onset new pain. Radiation therapy has been and continues to be a major component in the management of cancer pain. New technologies are rapidly becoming available that will allow more specific and accurate targeting, while limiting the dose that is received by normal tissues and thus minimizing the potential for tissue toxicity. How new techniques and technologies are incorporated into the management of cancer pain will require a better understanding of the disease process being treated.
Active Antenna Power Amplifier with PBG

A high efficiency class AB power amplifier integrated with a modified microstrip patch antenna is reported. The second and third harmonics are tuned to obtain high efficiency operation The second harmonic is shaped through the input impedance of the patch antenna and third is tuned using a microstrip line with the periodically etched ground plane. A power-added efficiency of 61% is demonstrated at the operating frequency of 2.45GHz.
Correlation of urothelial morphologic characteristics with the development of bladder carcinomas in BALB/c female mice administered 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Urinary bladders from 6909 of 24,172 control or 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) treated female BALB/c mice were examined histopathologically. Dietary doses of 2-AAF ranged from 75 to 150 p.p.m. for up to 33 months. Urinary bladder epithelial hyperplasia, vacuolization, and inflammation were frequent observations in treated animals and showed a positive correlation with dose level and length of administration of 2-AAF. Concretions were infrequently found and occurred only in controls. Squamous metaplasia, ulceration, and lymphocytic accumulations were infrequently noted but gave some indication of a positive correlation with 2-AAF dose level. Vacuolization was always associated with hyperplasia and/or bladder tumors. Observations on the concurrence of hyperplasia, vacuolization, and neoplasia suggest that both hyperplasia and vacuolization may be precursors of neoplasia. While inflammation was infrequently noted in non-tumor-bearing animals, greater than 90% of the time it was seen in association with tumors and appears to be a response of the bladder to tumor progression.
Calculation of Hansen Solubility Parameter Values for a Range of Pressure and Temperature Conditions, Including the Supercritical Fluid Region

Starting from the original definition of the cohesive energy density and the Hildebrand solubility parameter, an approach utilizing an equation of state of the form P = f(ρ,T) is used for calculating Hildebrand solubility parameters for a range of temperatures and pressures, including the supercritical fluid region. In addition, an approach is presented to determine Hansen solubility parameters over the same range of temperatures and pressures. The pure fluid used in these calculations is carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 has been extensively studied, and its use as a supercritical fluid is well established in high-pressure chromatography and fluid extraction applications.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Shigella sonnei Isolates in Japan and Molecular Analysis of S. sonnei Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones

We performed susceptibility testing with Shigella sonnei isolates from imported and domestic cases of infection in Japan during 2001 and 2002. Some S. sonnei isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Most of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains showed reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones but did not show fluoroquinolone resistance.
Collective Effects and Lattice Implications for an FEL Bypass Ring

Optimizing the performance of a single-pass free electron laser (FEL) in a storage ring requires a stored beam having both a relatively high volume density and a low momentum spread. These requirements place severe constraints on storage ring design due to the impact of both coherent and incoherent multiparticle phenomena. In this paper we present approximate scaling laws that elucidate the relative importance of various lattice parameters, and we will describe a systematic approach (embodied in the computer code ZAP) to parameter selection. 9 refs., 1 fig.