cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restless watchdog: selective quickest spectrum sensing in multichannel cognitive radio systems

Selective quickest spectrum sensing, which monitors the spectrum activity in multiple channels, is studied for multichannel cognitive radio systems with nonnegligible channel switching time (blind period). The spectrum sensor needs to detect the emergence of primary users as quickly as possible. Due to hardware limitation, it is assumed that only a subset of frequency channels can be monitored simultaneously. The problem of controlling the monitoring procedure is studied in the frameworks of dynamic programming (DP). System states and cost functions are defined. Cost-to-go functions for DP are derived, simplified, and approximated, based on which control policies are derived. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the proposed algorithms.
Identification of an active, well-tolerated dose of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Systemic treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) involves the use of less aggressive, well-tolerated therapies. Pralatrexate is a novel antifolate with high affinity for reduced folate carrier-1. A dose de-escalation strategy identified recommended pralatrexate dosing for patients with CTCL that demonstrated high activity, good rates of disease control, and an acceptable toxicity profile for continuous long-term dosing. Eligibility included mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, or primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, with disease progression after ≥ 1 prior systemic therapy. The starting dose and schedule was 30 mg/m(2)/wk intravenously for 3 of 4 (3/4) weeks. Subsequent starting doses were 20, 15, and 10 mg/m(2)/wk for 3/4 or 2 of 3 (2/3) weeks. Response was evaluated by the modified severity-weighted adjustment tool. Fifty-four patients were treated. The recommended regimen was identified as 15 mg/m(2)/wk for 3/4 weeks and was explored in the expansion cohort. In 29 patients treated overall with the recommended dosing regimen, the median number of prior systemic therapies was 4. Pralatrexate was administered for a median of 4 cycles; response rate was 45%. The most common grade 3 adverse event (AE) was mucositis (17%); the only grade 4 AE was leukopenia (3%). Pralatrexate 15 mg/m(2)/wk for 3/4 weeks shows high activity with acceptable toxicity in patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL.
Lung endothelial cell proliferation with decreased shear stress is mediated by reactive oxygen species.

Acute cessation of flow (ischemia) leads to depolarization of the endothelial cell (EC) membrane mediated by KATP channels and followed by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from NADPH oxi...
Predators, prey, and transient states in the assembly of spatially structured communities

Ecological theory suggests that both dispersal limitation and resource limitation can exert strong effects on community assembly. However, empirical studies of community assembly have focused almost exclusively on communities with a single trophic level. Thus, little is known about the combined effects of dispersal and resource limitation on assembly of communities with multiple trophic levels. We performed a landscape-scale experiment using spatially arranged mesocosms to study effects of dispersal and resource limitation on the assembly dynamics of aquatic invertebrate communities with two trophic levels. We found that interplay between dispersal and resource limitation regulated the assembly of predator and prey trophic levels in these pond communities. Early in assembly, predators and prey were strongly dispersal limited, and resource (i.e., prey) availability did not influence predator colonization. Later in assembly, after predators colonized, resource limitation was the strongest driver of predator abundance, and dispersal limitation played a negligible role. Thus, habitat isolation affected predators directly by reducing predator colonization rate, and indirectly through the effect of distance on prey availability. Dispersal and resource limitation of predators resulted in a transient period in which predators were absent or rare in isolated habitats. This period may be important for understanding population dynamics of vulnerable prey species. Our findings demonstrate that dispersal and resource limitation can jointly regulate assembly dynamics in multi-trophic systems. They also highlight the need to develop a temporal picture of the assembly process in multi-trophic communities because the availability and spatial distribution of limiting resources (i.e., prey) and the distribution of predators can shift radically over time.
The Search for Reliable Generalizations about Messages: A Comparison of Research Strategies.

Two ways of conducting the search for generalizations about messages are considered: Morley's (this volume) proposal that single-message research designs be used, with subsequent meta-analytic summaries, and Jackson and Jacobs's (1983) proposal that multiple-message designs be used, with messages treated as a random factor in the statistical analysis. Jackson and Jacobs's approach is shown to provide a more dependable, efficient, and practical means for gathering the requisite evidence for dependable generalizations. The charge that multiple-message designs suffer from irreparable problems of experimenter bias is refuted. The treatment of messages as a random factor is defended as statistically appropriate and as clearly preferable to the statistical alternatives.
Morphology and metabolism of intact muscle cells isolated from adult rat heart.

Morphologically intact muscle cells were prepared by perfusing adult rat hearts with a balanced salt medium containing 0.1% collagenase and 0.2% hyaluronidase. Yields of intact cells representing up to 25% of the weight of the heart were obtained. The cells separated along the line of the intercalated discs, with cleavage of desmosomes but with tearing of the plasma membrane in the region of the gap junction, so that when two contiguous cells were parted, the gap junction was retained intact attached to one of the cells. The fine structure of undamaged cells was indistinguishable from that of normal myocardial cells in situ, whereas damaged cells characteristically revealed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles, clumping of myofilaments, and blebbing of the cell membrane, but morphologically normal mitochondria. The earliest lesion detected was a dilatation of the T (transverse tubular) system. Respiration in the intact cells was linear for 30 to 60 minutes and approximately two to three times the rate observed w...
Patient safety: the what, how, and when

Patient safety is a construct that implies behavior intended to minimize the risk of harm to patients through effectiveness and individual performance designed to avoid injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has made patient safety a focused area in the new Clinical Learning Environment Review process. This lecture will focus on definitions of patient safety terminology; describe the culture of patient safety and a just culture; discuss what to report, who to report it too, and methods of conducting patient safety investigations.
The Bay Bridge Metonymy: How Maryland Newspapers Interpreted the Opening of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge

Abstract Using metonymy as a means of analysis, this paper measures the different editorial approaches Maryland-area newspapers had to the opening of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in 1952. The bridge opened travel routes to a historically isolated section of the state. Newspapers on both sides of the bay saw the bridge as a metonym for man's supremacy over nature. To a lesser degree, they also viewed it as triumph of capitalism. Western Shore newspapers widely saw the bridge as a metonym for statewide unity. Eastern Shore newspapers viewed it more as a metonymfor unwelcome change and the achievement of regional equality. The bridge also became a metonym of redemption for former Governor William Preston Lane, Jr., who had championed the bridge and other road improvements—as well as budget and tax increases to pay for them—at the cost of his political career.
A Note on Endogenous Growth and Scale Effects: Reconciling Recent and (Very) Long-Run Evidence

The endogenous growth models of the early 1990's predicted scale effects: larger population - more resources devoted to R&D - faster productivity growth. As pointed out by Jones (1995) this prediction is not consistent with the experience of industrialized countries like the U.S. over the post-WWII period. However, as argued persuasively by Kremer (1993), there is evidence for the existence of scale effects in technology creation over the very long-run, i.e. centuries or thousands of years. This paper reconciles this recent vs. long-run evidence by extending Howitt's (1999) model of endogenous growth without scale effects to include a subsistence constraint in consumption. When an economy is poor and the subsistence constraint is binding, innovation tends to be concentrated in a limited number of 'subsistence' sectors like basic food stuffs, producing scale effects initially. As the economy grows richer and the constraint is relaxed, consumers begin to value more other types of goods and services, R&D becomes spread over an increasing number of sectors, and long-run scale effects vanish.
Dynamic response of AFM cantilevers to dissimilar functionalized silica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions.

The dynamic response of an oscillating microcantilever with a gold-coated tip interacting with dissimilar functionalized silica surfaces was studied in electrolyte solutions with pH ranging from 4 ...
Familial Juvenile Polyposis: Study of a Kindred: Evolution of Polyps and Relationship to Gastrointestinal Carcinoma

Familial juvenile polyposis is a rare intestinal polyposis that has recently been associated with gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma. The authors report a kindred of 41 members, 11 of whom have familial juvenile polyposis. In these patients, random sections of otherwise grossly normal-appearing colonic mucosa showed a dense population of mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates in the superficial third of the lamina propria. Fine nodular mucosa was noted focally and diffusely in six of eight colons resected. These consisted of foci of dense inflammatory cell infiltrates in the mucosa with slight crypt architectural abnormalities. The majority of lesions were typical juvenile polyps. Dysplastic changes were noted in the polyps that were 1-2.9 cm or larger. The largest polyps contained foci of villous adenoma and juvenile polyp. A focus of adenocarcinoma of the colon was noted at the base of the villous adenoma portion of the largest polyp. The gastric polyps were histologically identical to hyperplastic polyps of the stomach. This report represents the largest number of patients (eight) in a single family with familial juvenile polyposis studied histologically. This is also the first time that the changes in the nonpolypoid colonic and gastric mucosa have been reported. The pattern of inheritance in this family suggests that the trait for familial juvenile polyposis segregates as an autosomal dominant.
PROTECTION AGAINST JUNIN VIRUS BY IMMUNIZATION WITH LIVE TACARIBE VIRUS.

SummaryAdult guinea pigs immunized with the live Tacaribe virus are able to resist challenge with a large dose of Junin virus to which they are normally susceptible. Sera from the Tacaribe virus-immunized guinea pigs contain abundant homologous antibody demonstrable by both complement-fixation and plaque neutralization tests. The complement-fixing antibody titers of these sera with the heterologous Junin antigen are moderately high. However, the amount of antibody determined by the plaque neutralization test with Junin virus is negligible.
Subwavelength lattice optics by evolutionary design.

This paper describes a new class of structured optical materials—lattice opto-materials—that can manipulate the flow of visible light into a wide range of three-dimensional profiles using evolutionary design principles. Lattice opto-materials are based on the discretization of a surface into a two-dimensional (2D) subwavelength lattice whose individual lattice sites can be controlled to achieve a programmed optical response. To access a desired optical property, we designed a lattice evolutionary algorithm that includes and optimizes contributions from every element in the lattice. Lattice opto-materials can exhibit simple properties, such as on- and off-axis focusing, and can also concentrate light into multiple, discrete spots. We expanded the unit cell shapes of the lattice to achieve distinct, polarization-dependent optical responses from the same 2D patterned substrate. Finally, these lattice opto-materials can also be combined into architectures that resemble a new type of compound flat lens.
Digital Autonomy In Electroacoustic Music Performance: Re-Forging Stockhausen

The author proposes a digitally autonomous role in the performance of electroacoustic music. In Stockhausen’s work, “Solo for Melody Instrument and Feedback Loop” he provides a framework in which to build a piece. Written in 1966 the piece originally used analog technology but provides the caveat for ‘electroacoustic means’ when creating the prescribed timbre and noise manipulations of the acoustic instrument. In addition the score calls for three or four assistants to control various aspects of the feedback loops. In this version the author has created an entirely computer controlled realization, replacing the assistants and creating all noises and timbres digitally. The author argues that technology has equal leverage with the written score when interpreting electroacoustic music.
Relationship of antisperm antibodies to oocyte fertilization in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Antisperm antibodies (ASA) appear to impair reproduction; however, their clinical significance in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is unestablished. For examination of this question, the immunobead binding technique was used to identify IgA, IgG, and IgM ASA in the serum, semen, and follicular fluid (FF) of 40 couples undergoing IVF-ET. ASA binding to sperm tail tip did not predict the fertilization rate of uniformly inseminated mature oocytes. Similarly, ASA binding to sperm head in semen and male serum did not predict fertilization. However, the fertilization rate in couples with ASA to sperm head (ASA-H) of at least one isotype in female serum (n=6) was significantly less than in those without ASA-H (n=34; 34% versus 74%, P P P P =0.51). We conclude that the presence of ASA-H in female serum and FF is associated with reduced fertilization in IVF-ET.
O-99 Lessons from transferring respecting choices to other places in the US

Topic for submission Setting-specific ACP – strengths and challenges. ACP and Regions Background Respecting Choices has assisted regions across the U. S. to implement advance care planning (ACP) programs. These implementations have resulted in many lessons learned. The importance of leadership cannot be overstated. Additional lessons include the importance of system development, ACP Facilitator certification, community engagement and continuous quality improvement. Successes have been achieved but not without facing challenges and barriers. Aim This presentation will concentrate not only on the evidence, but on the experiences and the deeper understanding that has been gained in the process of implementation from regional implementations. Leaders ask questions such as: What do we need to do or be aware of to ensure a successful implementation? How is a regional implementation different from implementing in one organisation or community? What is most difficult, what are the hurdles and barriers? In addition, mistakes and mishaps will be reviewed in order for participants to best comprehend what is needed for success. The speaker will briefly discuss and highlight strengths and challenges of regional implementations while highlighting lessons learned along the way.
Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Multidrug Resistance Proteins

There are several ways to detect proteins on cells. One quite frequently used method is flow cytometry. This method needs fluorescently labeled antibodies that can attach selectively to the protein to be investigated for flow cytometric detection. Flow cytometry scans individual cells, virtually without their surrounding liquid, and can scan many cells in a very short time. Because of this advantage of flow cytometry, it was adapted to investigate transport proteins on normal and cancerous human cells and cell lines. These transport proteins play important roles in human metabolism. Absorption in the intestine, excretion at the kidney, protection of the CNS compartment and the fetus from xenobiotics, and other vital functions depend on these transporters. However, several transporters are overexpressed in cancer cells. These overexpressed transporters pump out anticancer drugs from the cells and prevent their curative effects. The detection and quantitation of these types of transporters in cancer cells is important for this reason. Here, we review literature on flow cytometric detection of the three most studied transporters: P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins, and breast cancer resistance protein.
Justice in Asia and the Pacific Region, 1945–1952: The Deadly Construction Project

The Japanese land invasion of British Burma, which began in mid-January of 1942, may not figure prominently in the general history of the Pacific War or for that matter, the subsequent routing of the Japanese armed forces in this particular theater. But the strategic importance of the Burma campaign can be hardly understated. The Japanese prospects for victory over China had turned into a distant hope rather than an imminent reality by the fall of 1939, as Japan failed to capitalize on its initial gains. Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, meanwhile, had begun actively supporting the Chiang Kai-shek Government by offering an array of economic and military aid shortly after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese armed conflict in July 1937. The aid thus rendered included allowing passage of supplies to Chongqing through land routes via British Burma and French Indochina. Once drawn into the war against the Axis Powers in December 1941, the United States heightened its commitment to maintaining ground- and air-based supply lines in support of Chiang Kai-shek through the China-Burma-India (CBI) borders, so that China might eventually be utilized for the bombing of the Japanese homeland. The war in two theaters now intricately connected, Japan had to find ways to interrupt the supply routes in the southern border region of China, isolate the Nationalist Government, and put an end to the prolonged conflict against China. In short, the war in British Burma came to constitute the heart of the Pacific War rather than a sideshow.
Bringing real objects, spaces, actions, and interactions into social VR

We present a novel multiuser virtual reality (VR) system where the physical world is used as a template for the placement of walls, furniture, and objects in the virtual world so as to create a correspondence in scale, spatial layout, and object placement between the two spaces. Through this association between the real and virtual world, users are able to walk freely while wearing a head-mounted device, avoid obstacles like walls and furniture, interact with each other and with objects just like they would in real life, bringing us closer to the realization of realistic collaborative virtual environments. Preliminary deployment during our lab's semi-annual open house shows that the system has potential to offer a high degree of presence in VR.
Abstract 1853: Ovarian steroid hormones promote progression of DCIS by increasing cancer stem cell self-renewal through IL-6 signaling

Introduction: The ability of the ovarian steroid hormones estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) to influence cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal and progression of human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a critical but understudied area or research. The objective of this study is to characterize steroid hormone signaling involved in CSC self-renewal and invasion in ER+PR+ DCIS. We have found that these hormones can increase CSC self-renewal in a subset of DCIS patients, and that this may be facilitated by activation of the IL-6 pathway. Methods: Mammosphere (MS) assays (an in vitro assessment of CSC self-renewal) and the mouse intraductal (MIND) xenograft model were used to characterize hormonal regulation of the CSC population and invasion potential of primary human ER+PR+ DCIS cells. Additionally, ovarectomized mice were used to create MIND xenografts of ER+PR+ DCIS, treated with E+P or vehicle for 8 weeks, and used for RNA sequencing and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Only a subset of cases responded to E+P in vitro by increasing MS efficiency, indicating increased CSC self-renewal. RNA sequencing of MSs identified genes that differed between vehicle and E+P treatment only in DCIS cases that respond to E+P by increasing MS efficiency. Many of these changes were associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), including Twist1, Snai1, MMP9. In E+P-treated MIND xenografts, DCIS cases that respond to E+P by increasing MS efficiency also had higher IL-8 and vimentin (markers of EMT) compared to non-responders (P Conclusions: Our results indicate that steroid hormone treatment can enrich the CSC population by increasing MS efficiency in some but not all DCIS cases, and that IL-6 may be involved in this selective ability. Therefore, DCIS cases with higher MS efficiency in response to E+P treatment may also show higher invasion potential in vivo. Our current model is that steroid hormones induce increased secretion of IL-6, leading to increased self-renewal and invasion potential. Further characterization of the signaling pathway(s) associated with this selective effect may allow us to predict which DCIS lesions have the ability to progress to invasive ductal carcinoma and allow development of novel therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Kelli E. Valdez, Yan Hong, Fang Fan, Lisa May, Therese Cusick, Marc Inciardi, Mark Redick, Jason Gatewood, Fariba Behbod. Ovarian steroid hormones promote progression of DCIS by increasing cancer stem cell self-renewal through IL-6 signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1853. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1853
Thalidomide and Dexamethasone Induction Therapy Is Associated with Superior Progression-Free Survival after Autotransplant for Myeloma.

Abstract BACKGROUND: High-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell support improves survival when incorporated in the initial treatment of multiple myeloma. Published data show that induction thalidomide and dexamethasone (Thal/Dex) has a higher response rate than dexamethasone alone (Dex) or anthracycline induction (VAD or DVD), but the effect of initial induction therapy on outcomes after autologous transplant remains unclear. PATIENTS: We reviewed the records of 164 patients who received high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell support as part of initial therapy for multiple myeloma at the University of Pennsylvania. Median age was 55 years (range 25 – 72). Durie-Salmon stage at diagnosis was II in 27% and III in 70% of patients. Induction regimens included VAD (62%), DVD (12%), Thal/Dex (11%), Dex (5%), and more than one regimen (10%). Post-transplant therapies for consolidation or maintenance included thalidomide (7%), interferon (23%), tandem autologous transplant (4%), non-myeloablative allogeneic transplant (7%), autologous co-stimulated T-cell infusion (14%), or observation until progression (45%). Patients who received Thal/Dex initial therapy were not significantly different than those receiving anthracycline-containing induction regimens (VAD/DVD), except for lower serum creatinine (median 0.9 vs 1.1 mg/dl; p=0.01), with a trend toward lower beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) and correspondingly lower ISS stage. RESULTS: Median overall follow-up is 29 months (range 7–120). Thal/Dex induction trended towards a higher Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) rate than anthracycline induction (29% vs 14%, p=NS) and a higher overall response rate (76% vs 68%, p=NS). All of the patients who received Thal/Dex as induction therapy are alive, with a median follow-up of 23 months (range 13 – 34), while overall survival in the anthracycline induction group is 85% at 2 years. Progression-free survival at 2 years is 93% for Thal/Dex induction and 58% for VAD/DVD (HR 0.12, p=0.039). The improvement in progression-free survival persists in Cox regression models that include creatinine and either B2M or ISS stage. CONCLUSION: In myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplant, thalidomide and dexamethasone induction may result in improved progression-free survival compared with VAD or DVD. Further studies of initial therapies for myeloma should assess long-term outcomes after autologous transplant. Download : Download high-res image (109KB) Download : Download full-size image
Electron Deformation Density in Calcium Beryllide

Calcium beryllide serves as stereochemical exemplar for numerous intermetallic compounds of beryllium. An electron deformation density study based on X-ray diffraction data for CaBe13 (Baker, T.W. Acta Crystallogr . 1962, 15, 175–9) gives clear evidence of multi-center bonding within the polyhedral array of beryllium atoms. There is in this study no evidence for the participation of calcium in a pattern of directed bonding and its primary role may be in charge stabilization of the electron deficient beryllium structure by which it is surrounded.
How good is pedestrian fatality data

Abstract Accurate data on pedestrian fatalities is of upmost importance to public health officials, transportation planners, police, and policy-makers. It is used to make strategic decisions about when and where to invest scarce resources to reduce preventable deaths and improve safety for all modes. We analyzed data from one year of pedestrian deaths in New Jersey, the US state with the highest share of pedestrian deaths, and found the data unreliable and inconsistent. Roughly one fifth of the 157 pedestrian deaths reported in New Jersey in 2012 should not be classified as a pedestrian, based on reporting definitions required by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), as well as based on common definitions of pedestrians by policy-makers and planners. This is further compounded by some records in NHTSA's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) that are not included in the state database. NHTSA's definition of a pedestrian is also sorely lacking for conducting analyses of safety issues. We discuss the data problems we identified and also link this to alternate definitions of how to classify pedestrian fatalities. Implications for research and planning are discussed and we emphasize the need to both improve data collection and management at the state level, as well as for NHTSA to reconsider how they define and track pedestrian fatalities.
A Probabilistic Framework for Performance-Based Durability Engineering

A proposed probabilistic framework for performance-based durability engineering links uncertainty in exposure, deterioration, and repair to estimations of decision information based on economic, environmental and social sustainability. This information includes costs, environmental impacts, downtime, and safety. The assessment of a new or existing structure or structural element is completed in three separate stages of analysis, allowing flexibility in choice of models and assumptions. An example simulation analyzes the energy required for repair of a reinforced concrete structure subjected to carbonation and corrosion. It is shown that the framework can be used to determine the strategy minimizing the lifetime repair energy of the structure.
Identification of stopping ions in a silicon Timepix detector

Abstract Timepix detectors are increasingly used in space-based applications. Such detectors are low power, low mass, and provide a wealth of information necessary for characterizing the ionizing radiation environment in space for both humans and hardware. Stopping ions are shown to contribute to the energy loss spectrum in a thin, pixelated, Timepix detector, and this energy loss is shown to contribute to the LET spectrum near 14 keV/micron. Bulk data also indicates the presence of Hydrogen isotopes in the energy loss spectra. Individual track analysis can be used to identify the stopping ions and the related energy and isotope through comparison with theoretical energy loss curves. While this calculation is specific to the Timepix, the impact of stopping ions on other instruments can be estimated using the insight gained from this approach.
The Businessman and the Research Director: How type of industry affects R&D's relationship with top management

(1969). The Businessman and the Research Director: How type of industry affects R&D's relationship with top management. Research Management: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 37-42.
The secretome from bovine mammosphere-derived cells (MDC) promotes angiogenesis, epithelial cell migration, and contains factors associated with defense and immunity

Treatment of bovine mastitis with intramammary antibiotics is common, yet several concerns exist including failed efficacy for individual hosts or pathogens and the inability of approved drugs to revert mastitis-induced tissue damage to healthy tissue capable of returning to full milk production. These issues, in addition to aspects of public health such as accidental antibiotic residues in saleable milk and the potential for antimicrobial resistance, support the need to find alternative therapies for this costly disease. This study shows that the secretome, or collective factors, produced by mammosphere-derived cells (MDC) promotes angiogenesis, epithelial cell migration, and contains proteins associated with immunity and defense; all of which are necessary for healing damaged mammary gland tissue. Furthermore, we found that the MDC secretome remains effective after freezing and thawing, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Our results provide a foundation for further characterization of the individual secreted factors and the rationale for using the MDC secretome as a complementary treatment for bovine mastitis.
Tropical and Unusual Superficial Fungal Infections

The authors discuss three of the four types of superficial fungal infections in man: tinea nigra palmaris, white piedra, and black piedra. Also considered are several fungi causing tropical or unusual cutaneous disease, including tinea imbricata, favus, some of the geographically distinctive tineas, and Hendersonula toruloidea. Proto thecosis, an opportunistic algal infection, is included for discussion because it is often difficult to distinguish from some of the more arcane fungal diseases.
RECENT STUDIES ON THE KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF SOME SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF METAL COMPLEXES

This paper describes some of the results obtained recently in our laboratory on substitution reactions of certain metal complexes. The paper deals with three separate but related topics. The first has to do with the acid catalysis of acetatopentammine-metal(III) complexes; the second with the synthesis and reactions of diacidobis(ethylenediamine)rhodium(III) complexes; and the third with the reaction of tris(acetylacetonato)silicon(IV).
Molecular Pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia: Adherence and Encystation

Giardia lamblia, a non invasive protozoan pathogen of the human small bowel, causes a spectrum of infection ranging from asymptomatic carriage, through acute watery diarrhea, to chronic diarrhea and malabsorption. Giardia has a simple life cycle, existing in just two forms, the multiplying trophozoite which infects mammalian hosts to cause disease, and the environmentally resistant cyst which serves in the transmission of infection from host to host. Efforts to understand disease pathogenesis and control infection therefore focus on the cell biology of the trophozoite, whereas public health interests target the process of encystation and the potential for control of spread. There are at least three clearly discernible steps in pathogenesis, once the cyst has been ingested and excystation has been triggered by a drop of pH in the stomach. First, the trophozoite has to colonize the small intestinal mucosal surface, second it may disrupt the normal physiology of the gut and produce intestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and malabsorption, and third, it must transform into the cyst in order to reach the external environment and propagate the species.
Combinatorial Recoupling Theory and 3-Manifold Invariants

This paper discusses combinatorial recoupling theory, first in relation to the vector cross product algebra and a reformulation of the Four Colour Theorem, and secondly in relation to the Temperley-Lieb algebra, the Jones polynomial and the SU(2) 3-Manifold invariants of Witten, Reshetikhin and Turaev.
The Effects of Early Marijuana Exposure

Marijuana is currently used to some degree by about 25% of the adult American population (Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare, 1980). Marijuana is also used by a substantial number of pregnant women. For example, Hingson, Alpert, Day, Dooling, Kayne, Morelock, Oppenheimer, and Zuckerman (1982), Linn, Schoenbaum, Monson, Rosner, Stubblefield, and Ryan (1983), and Fried (1984) have reported a 10% to 14% rate of marijuana use in their respective studies. Because marijuana crosses the placenta to some degree (e.g., Harbison & Mantilla-Plata, 1972; Vardaris, Weisz, Fazel, & Rawitch, 1976) and is present in the mother’s milk (Dalterio & Bartke, 1979), it has the potential to affect fetal development adversely. This review examines the evidence for and against the possibility that marijuana is a behavioral teratogen. The first part of this review examines the pharmacology of marijuana, including the evidence of its transplacental passage to the fetus. The second part deals with the evidence regarding marijuana’s teratogenic potential.
Solid State Carbon-13 NMR of Metal Carbonyls

The first carbon-13 NMR spectrum of a metal carbonyl was reported in 1958 for iron pentacarbonyl by Cotton and Waugh.[1] The result, a single resonance in the carbonyl region, has been shown to be correct by several subsequent investigations.[2] In fact the single resonance for Fe(CO)5 persists to −160 °C.[3] The structure of iron pentacarbonyl in solution is trigonal bipyramidal thus the carbon-13 NMR spectrum for this complex should contain 2 signals of relative intensity 2 to 3. Of the possible explanations for the single resonance it is now accepted that the trigonal bipyramidal structure undergoes a reorientation which is fast on the NMR time scale and exchanges equatorial and axial carbonyl groups. The most likely mechanism for the exchange of carbonyls is the well known Berry psuedorotation.[4]
A Human Tracking and Physiological Monitoring FSK Technology for Single Senior at Home Care

Respiration monitoring for apnea diagnosis and movement tracking for physical activity analysis are essential and valuable indicators of underlying medical conditions in senior health care. Compared with other health sensing technologies, radar has shown its advantages in terms of non-contact implementation, immunity to ambient light and temperature changes, hardware simplicity, and long range coverage. Among various radar types, frequency-shift keying (FSK) radar inherits the ability to measure respiration from Doppler radar, while also having the ability to track the absolute range of a moving target with much less bandwidth requirement than frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar and ultra-wideband (UWB) radar. Therefore, in this paper, an FSK radar system is employed for both remote respiration monitoring and absolute range tracking. Fundamental theory and operating principle of FSK system are detailed. Respiration monitoring and range tracking experiments of a human subject were performed in an indoor environment. Results are presented to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the FSK sensing technology being applied to single senior home care applications.
Opioid Infusion Therapy

Until there is a cure for cancer and all surgeries and traumas can be prevented, opioids will continue to be a foundational tool available for the management of pain. Intravenous opioids are invaluable for patients with severe intractable pain, cancer pain, undergoing palliative/end of life care, and those unable to take medications enterally who require opioids for analgesia. This chapter will discuss indications, drug selection, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, dosing, and method of administration for intravenous and subcutaneous opioid infusions.
Reconstructing Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity via Convex Optimization and Branch-and-Bound Search

Studies of intra-tumor heterogeneity using high-throughput sequencing data, i.e., assembly of tumor populations and inference of their relative frequencies, may provide highly valuable information about molecular signatures of cancer and point towards specific therapeutic treatments. Reconstructing heterogeneous tumor populations, however, is a challenging task rendered difficult by complex mutations and further exacerbated by the fact that high-throughput sequencing reads are short relative to genomic regions experiencing structural mutations. In this paper, we present a novel algorithmic framework for computationally efficient and accurate analysis of tumor clonal populations. Given locations of copy number aberrations, the proposed method quantifies gains and losses of the affected regions, and determines relative frequencies of the populations in a clonal mixture. This is achieved by formulating the reconstruction as a mixed-integer optimization problem and solved via a combination of convex optimization and branch-and-bound search. The developed algorithm was tested on realistic synthetic as well as experimental data and shown to outperform state-of-the art competing methods in a variety of scenarios.
Satellite observations reveal seasonal redistribution of northern ecosystem productivity in response to interannual climate variability

Abstract Interannual variability (IAV) in ecosystem productivity may reveal vulnerabilities of vegetation to climate stressors. We analyzed IAV of northern hemisphere ecosystems using several remote sensing datasets, including longstanding observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and more novel metrics for productivity including solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and the near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv). Although previous studies have suggested SIF better tracks variations in ecosystem productivity at seasonal timescales, we found that satellite datasets (including SIF) and eddy covariance flux tower observations were subject to significant uncertainty when assessing IAV at fine spatial scales. Even when observations were aggregated regionally, IAV in productivity estimated by the various satellite products were not always well correlated. In response to these inconsistencies, we applied a statistical method on regionally aggregated productivity data in four selected North American ecoregions and identified two dominant modes of IAV—seasonal redistribution and amplification—that were consistent across satellite datasets. The seasonal redistribution mode, which played a stronger role at lower latitudes, associated high (low) spring productivity with warm (cold) spring and summer temperatures, but also with lower (higher) productivity and water availability in summer and fall, indicating that enhanced growth in spring may contribute to an earlier depletion of water resources. The amplification mode associated an increase (decrease) in productivity across the growing season with above-average (below-average) summer moisture conditions. Even though our statistical analysis at large spatial scales revealed meaningful links between terrestrial productivity and climate drivers, our analysis does suggest that IAV and long-term trends in presently available novel and more established satellite observations must be interpreted cautiously, with careful attention to the spatial scales at which a robust signal emerges.
Combined analysis of plasma or serum glucosylsphingosine and globotriaosylsphingosine by UPLC-MS/MS.

Abstract Purpose To develop a method for the combined analysis of plasma and serum glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3), biomarkers of Gaucher disease (GD) and Fabry disease (FD), respectively. Methods Internal standards were added to 100 µL of plasma/serum and glycosphingolipids: lyso-Gb1, lyso-Gb3, and galactosylsphingosine (GalSph) were extracted with dichloromethane/methanol and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Samples from unaffected controls and patients with GD were first analyzed using a HILIC column to separate lyso-Gb1 from its isomer, GalSph. Samples from patients with FD or GD were analyzed using a C18 column to measure lyso-Gb3 and the hexosylsphingosine (HexSph: lyso-Gb1 + GalSph) fraction in a single combined method. Results Extraction efficiency was between 73% and 87% and day-to-day variability showed a relative standard error of Conclusions HexSph and lyso-Gb3 analysis by reversed-phase chromatography UPLC-MS/MS is a cost-effective, time-efficient approach for evaluating these glycosphingolipid biomarkers in patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of GD and FD.
Graphene/Carbon Nanaotube Aerogel with Ultra-high Adsorption Capacity for the Isolation of Hemoglobin

3-Dimensional graphene oxide / carbon nanotubes( GO / CNTs) aerogel was prepared via freeze drying technique,and the as-prepared GO / CNTs aerogel exhibits excellent adsorption performance towards protein species under hydrophobic interaction. At p H = 8. 0,high adsorption efficiency of hemoglobin( Hb) was achieved,while virtually no adsorption of serum album was observed. This offers the possibility to realize the selective isolation of Hb from complex matrices. An adsorption capacity up to 3793. 3 mg / g was achieved for the GO / CNTs aerogel,suggesting the great potential of this aerogel in the removal of abundant Hb. The adsorbed Hb could be readily stripped using Britton-Robinson buffer of p H = 11. 5,giving rise to a recovery of67%. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the adsorption / desorption on the surface of GO / CNTs aerogel poses virtually no effect on the configuration of Hb. The GO / CNTs aerogel is practically applied to the selective isolation of Hb from human blood and SDS-PAGE assays demonstrate high purity of hemoglobin in the eluate.
Responsible and Legal Drug Use in the Cattle Industry

In passing the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act, Congress conveyed the public's trust in your ability to use drugs responsibly. In the same light, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) intends to continue to view veterinarians as partners in protecting public health. It is our intent to develop regulatory enforcement programs which are commensurate with potential risk to public health. The more responsible veterinarians are with regard to on-label and extra-label drug use, the less FDA will need to focus its limited resources on such uses. Veterinarians can meet these responsibilities by following some established principles.
Outcomes of Submandibular Stone Removal With and Without Salivary Endoscopes.

Objectives/hypothesis For patients with submandibular sialolithiasis, there are many gland-preserving treatment options including sialendoscopy. Sialendoscopy, however, requires expensive instrumentation with limited availability, which may not be required for routine cases. The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of patients with submandibular sialolithiasis undergoing sialendoscopy versus those undergoing transoral incisional sialithotomy. Study design Longitudinal, prospective study of patient undergoing gland-preserving therapy for submandibular sialolithiasis. Methods The study was a prospective, nonrandomized trial of 30 patients with submandibular sialolithiasis who received gland-preserving treatment by either sialendoscopy-assisted techniques (Scope group; 14 patients) or transoral sialithotomy with or without dochoplasty (No Scope group; 16 patients). Factors analyzed between the two groups included age, race, gender, size of stone, location of stone, gland(s) involved, surgical method, and modified salivary Oral Health Impact Profile (sOHIP) scores before and after therapy. Results There were no significant differences between the Scope and No Scope groups regarding age, race, or gender. There was a significant difference in stone size between the groups, with the No Scope group having larger stones on average. Both treatments led to statistically significant symptomatic improvement in sOHIP scores. There was no statistically significant difference in salivary quality of life improvement between the Scope and No Scope groups (P = .33). Conclusions Sialendoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of salivary disorders, but is not associated with improved outcomes in gland-preserving treatments for routine submandibular sialolithiasis. Transoral stone removal alone may have equivalent symptomatic outcomes in the management of select sialoliths. Level of evidence III Laryngoscope, 2021.
Creation of a pharmacogenomics patient portal complementary to an existing institutional provider-facing clinical decision support system.

Background Applied pharmacogenomics presents opportunities for improving patient care through precision medicine, particularly when paired with appropriate clinical decision support (CDS). However, a lack of patient resources for understanding pharmacogenomic test results may hinder shared decision-making and patient confidence in treatment. We sought to create a patient pharmacogenomics education and results delivery platform complementary to a CDS system to facilitate further research on the relevance of patient education to pharmacogenomics. Methods We conceptualized a model that extended the data access layer of an existing institutional CDS tool to allow for the pairing of decision supports offered to providers with patient-oriented summaries at the same level of phenotypic specificity. We built a two-part system consisting of a secure portal for patient use and an administrative dashboard for patient summary creation. The system was built in an ASP.NET and AngularJS architecture, and all data was housed in a HIPAA-compliant data center, with PHI secure in transit and at rest. Results The YourPGx Patient Portal was deployed on the institutional network in June 2019. Fifty-eight unique patient portal summaries have been written so far, which can provide over 4500 results modules to the pilot population of 544 patients. Patient behavior on the portal is being logged for further research. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first automated system designed and deployed to provide detailed, personalized patient pharmacogenomics education complementary to a clinical decision support system. Future work will expand upon this system to allow for telemedicine and patient notification of new or updated results.