cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talonavicular Joint Surface Anatomy and Prototype Resurfacing Prostheses

The curvature and extent of a joint surface largely determine the type and range of motion possible. The talonavicular surface anatomy of 10 human foot specimens has been determined quantitatively, and the data have been compared with the design parameters for a prototype prosthetic joint. It was found that, in general, the natural talus as compared with the navicular was slightly larger in surface area and in mean arc length, but slightly smaller in mean radius of curvature. The arc length of the joint was found to be generally slightly longer along an axis positioned from slightly medial of dorsal to slightly lateral of ventral. In contrast, no general orientation of the radius of curvature was observed. Also, it was found that the congruency between the talus and navicular surfaces, as indicated by corresponding radii of curvature, varied widely. In comparison to the human specimens, a previously designed prototype talonavicular prosthesis proved somewhat smaller in radius, arc length, and surface area. Experimental studies related to other prosthesis design parameters, besides type and range of motion, are in progress.
Evidence Concerning the Function of Nocturnal Call Notes of Migratory Birds

Nearly all birds which migrate at night give characteristic flight calls, but only recently has any attempt been made to investigate these quantitatively. Ball (1952) and Vleugel (1954, 1960) relied on the unaided ear to register the notes of migrants aloft. Graber and Cochran (1959, 1960) have successfully recorded call notes with a parabola pointed skyward. A tape recorder automatically monitored a 112 minute portion of each 10-minute interval through the night. The data collected in these studies have been used to interpret the volume of migration, its species composition, and the conditions under which it takes place. The function of night calls has not been a major concern of these workers. There has been no lack of speculation concerning the significance of night calls, however. Some suggest that the calls are not adaptive. Ball (1952) supposed that the dawn surge of call notes of thrushes might be inspired by hunger and light from the oncoming dawn. Hudson (1923) postulated that the calls were an expression of fear in the unfamiliar night, an idea shared by a number of others. But it seems unlikely that a behavior pattern which is so frequent and characteristic is functionless. A frequently suggested function of the night calls is that they serve to hold flocks together. A corollary to this is the suggestion that young benefit from the experience of adults by travelling in their company (Brewster, 1886). Another related idea implies that the calls are mutually stimulating, each call urging flight partners onward (Tyler, 1916; others). Lowery and Newman (1955) suggest that the calls may serve an "echosounding" function, facilitating the landing process. This suggestion, while perhaps reasonable, is not considered here for lack of evidence. The evidence presented here is based on analysis of the calls of caged birds exhibiting migratory restlessness and calls given by free flying migrants. Both lines of evidence clearly indicate that for at least some passerine species the calls are communicatory.
A Case of Primary Insular Carcinoid Tumor Associated with Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma

Carcinoid tumors are peripheral endocrine system, which produce biologic amines and various polypeptides. Primary carcinoid tumors of the ovary are devided into insular, trabecular, strumal types. The primary insular carcinoid should be distinguished from carcinoid metastatic to the ovary, which is nearly always bilateral, is usually associated with the presence of peritoneal metastases. The age incidence of patients with ovarian carcinoids show a wide range but most patients are postmenopausal. Most primary insular carcinoids of the ovary have been components of teratomas, but some have occurred in apparently pure form. We experienced a case of primary insular carcinoid tumor of the ovary and report it with a brief review of concerned literature.
Assessing component reliability using lifetime data from systems

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we introduce a competing risks model for the lifetimes of components that differs from the classical competing risks models by the fact that it is not directly observable which component has failed. We propose two statistical methods for estimating the reliability of components from failure data on a system. Our methods are applied to simulated failure data, in order to illustrate the performance of the methods.
Observed Cyclone Life Cycles

The purpose of this chapter is twofold: (1) to provide an overview of observed cyclone and anticyclone behavior and life cycles, and (2) to offer a perspective on current and future research directions pertaining to the knowledge and understanding of extratropical cyclones and anticyclones. The reader is cautioned from the outset to appreciate the bias that inherently must accompany any such effort because the author’s perspective on the field inevitably must differ from the reader’s. Also, the author will always be open to the charge of “rewriting history” and/or misinterpreting or misunderstanding the work of others through errors of omission and commission. Although the author pleads nolo contendere to all such charges in advance, he will proceed accordingly under the assumption that readers of this paper will easily recognize his biases and mistakes. The review is necessarily restrictive Important topics such as (1) numerical simulation studies of extratropical cyclogenesis processes, (2) life cycle studies of large-scale cyclogenesis processes and low-frequency phenomenon (including blocking), and (3) mesoscale convective processes and frontal lifecycle studies are mentioned only briefly as they are addressed in more detail elsewhere in this book. The interested reader is also urged to consult the excellent overview papers by Keyser and Uccellini (1987), Anthes (1990), Bengtsson (1990), Browning (1990), Eliassen (1990), Newton (1990), Reed (1990), Shapiro and Keyser (1990), and Uccellini (1990) for more detailed information on these and related subjects.
Adrenal surgical techniques.

SUMMARY The broad variety of lesions of the adrenal glands constitutes a surgical challenge to the urologist. Essential to successful surgery is an understanding of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and endocrinology associated with adrenal disorders. The individual vagaries of a given endocrinopathy may evoke special considerations relating to the surgical approach employed in a given patient. Several surgical approaches to the adrenal may be utilized: the flank approach, common to both renal and adrenal surgery, is relatively simple and familiar but affords limited access to the ipsilateral and contralateral adrenal; the thoracolumbar or transthoracic approach is most useful in extensive tumors and malignant entities involving the adrenal; the transabdominal approach offers advantages in pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and exploration for ectopic adrenal tissue; and the posterior approach, either unilateral or bilateral, may be employed most commonly in dealing with the usual adrenal tumors encountered. Critical to successful adrenal surgery are appropriate endocrinologic management and the skillful application of advanced techniques of anesthesiology. Operative and postoperative complications of adrenal surgery are relatively few, can be anticipated and avoided in most instances, and are both recognizable and manageable by standard techniques when presenting in the postoperative interval. Applications of modern techniques of adrenal surgery will afford gratifying results in the care of patients with a variety of both functioning and nonfunctioning adrenal disorders.
Towards foundational verification of cyber-physical systems

The safety-critical aspects of cyber-physical systems motivate the need for rigorous analysis of these systems. In the literature this work is often done using idealized models of systems where the analysis can be carried out using high-level reasoning techniques such as Lyapunov functions and model checking. In this paper we present VERIDRONE, a foundational framework for reasoning about cyber-physical systems at all levels from high-level models to C code that implements the system. VERIDRONE is a library within the Coq proof assistant enabling us to build on its foundational implementation, its interactive development environments, and its wealth of libraries capturing interesting theories ranging from real numbers and differential equations to verified compilers and floating point numbers. These features make proof assistants in general, and Coq in particular, a powerful platform for unifying foundational results about safety-critical systems and ensuring interesting properties at all levels of the stack.
Coverslip Induced Artifacts in High Resolution Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope Images

A critical component of the scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM) is the optical reflector which covers the object and defines a plane where the sound field is to be observed. Ideally, this reflector should have no influence of its own on the resulting acoustic image but should be a perfectly flexible optically reflecting layer imbedded within the medium used to couple sound into and out of the object. In practice, however, it is most conveniently realized by a more or less conventional mirror; an aluminum or gold coating on the face of an optically transparent solid plate. This paper examines some of the interactions which occur at this interface and the artifacts which appear in the image as a result. In particular, surface waves in the reflector generated at discontinuities in the sound field lead to fringes aligned with edges of the object.
Transferability of Virtual Reality, Simulation-Based, Robotic Suturing Skills to a Live Porcine Model in Novice Surgeons: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Study Objective To assess whether a robotic simulation curriculum for novice surgeons can improve performance of a suturing task in a live porcine model. Design Randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). Setting Academic medical center. Patients Thirty-five medical students without robotic surgical experience. Interventions Participants were enrolled in an online session of training modules followed by an in-person orientation. Baseline performance testing on the Mimic Technologies da Vinci Surgical Simulator (dVSS) was also performed. Participants were then randomly assigned to the completion of 4 dVSS training tasks (camera clutching 1, suture sponge 1 and 2, and tubes) versus no further training. The intervention group performed each dVSS task until proficiency or up to 10 times. A final suturing task was performed on a live porcine model, which was video recorded and blindly assessed by experienced surgeons. The primary outcomes were Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) scores and task time. The study had 90% power to detect a mean difference of 3 points on the GEARS scale, assuming a standard deviation (SD) of 2.65, and 80% power to detect a mean difference of 3 minutes, assuming an SD of 3 minutes. Measurements and Main Results There were no differences in demographics and baseline skills between the 2 groups. No significant differences in task time in minutes or GEARS scores were seen for the final suturing task between the intervention and control groups, respectively (9.2 [2.65] vs 9.9 [2.07] minutes, p = .406; and 15.37 [2.51] vs 15.25 [3.38], p = .603). The 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean task times was –2.36 to .96 minutes and for mean GEARS scores −1.91 to 2.15 points. Conclusions Live suturing task performance was not improved with a proficiency-based virtual reality simulation suturing curriculum compared with standard orientation to the da Vinci robotic console in a group of novice surgeons.
Real-Time Causal Inference

The paper highlights causal inference based on econometric measurement in real-time data environments. Each state has a probability of being realized in real-time. We define state selection bias as arising when real-time environments are ignored. We model indicator variables as measurements that exist partly in all particular theoretically possible states, but show only one configuration on observation. Under real-time randomization within data streams, econometric treatment effects are estimable using controlled and natural experiments motivated by real-time regression analyses. A bias occurs as a result of ignoring concept drift when classical regression statistics are naively applied to real-time experimental data. We present a simple algorithm for difference-in-difference estimation for real-time program evaluations. Finally, a new Problem of Causal Inference is introduced for real-time data environments.
Recurrence rates in patients with uterine papillary serous cancer with and without breast cancer.

e16529 Background: Women with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) are at increased risk for breast cancer and the converse is true. A genetic association between breast cancer and UPSC was re...
P values and Multiple Endpoints II: Noxious Placebos in the Population

The previous chapter motivated complicated work. Because it has the advantage of fiscal efficiency and buttreses a causality argument, the clinical trial with multiple treatment arms and/or multiple endpoints is here to stay. It is the physician-scientist’s responsibility to incorporate these dual concerns of efficiency and epidemiology within the paradigm of significance testing. The investigator’s community protection responsibilities clearly require the unambiguous interpretation of type I errors in multiple endpoint clinical experiments. The p value is the probability that the therapy efficacy contained in the sample, through the play of chance, does not reflect the truth of no efficacy in the population. The occurrence of this (type I) error leads to the community of patients being exposed to a medication which is not effective but produces side effects. Thus, we may view a p value in therapy trials as the probability that a noxious or poison placebo is deemed (through the play of chance) to be effective. This noxious placebo may spread through the community as the false result is picked up and disseminated through the printed and, visual media, as well as through regulatory channel of the F. D. A. Thus, in a concordantly executed experiment, the smaller the p value, the smaller the probability that a noxious placebo will be deemed effective.
Understanding Sexual Behaviors and Drug Use among African-Americans

The thesis of this chapter is that surveys of minority populations are attempting to describe what is, essentially, a moving target, and, as in other situations in which the target is mobile, special strategies are required in order to achieve the survey objectives. This target includes attitudes and behaviors that are being shaped and reshaped at tremendous speed; it includes constant revolutions in language, customs, and mores; and it includes changing access between sectors of the population. These problems are magnified for AIDS researchers. We want to know the most intimate, private, and even furtive details of a person’s life, material the most trusting of mainstream college students (one of the most frequently surveyed groups in America) might have difficulty revealing. In Section 2 we shall describe the conditions that have created massive social instability in the African-American and other minority communities. In Section 3 we shall discuss the problems of access in divided societies. In
Arithmetic for DSP

This chapter reviews number representation and DSP arithmetic. It starts with floating-point number representation. Fixed-point representations are then introduced, as well as related topics such as overflow and quantization modes. Basic implementations of add and multiply operations are shown as a baseline for studying the impact of micro-architecture on switching activity and power.
Hand Movement Enhances 3D Non-symbolic Number Perception

Technologies that allow individuals to interact with virtual objects via body movement afford the opportunity to examine embodied cognition. A component of embodied cognition is that individuals ground mental constructs and operations via their own body. Evidence suggests that non-symbolic number perception can be influenced by body movements with higher performance previously observed when individuals made responses via body movements compared to button presses. Questions remain regarding the extent to which body movement influences number perception. As the majority of number perception research has utilized two-dimensional arrays of objects (e.g., blue and green dots), it is unknown whether similar effects are observed with 3D objects (e.g., blue and green cubes in a volume). Furthermore, research examining the impact of embodiment in number perception have used body movements to make judgements rather than interact with the actual stimuli. To address these questions, in the present study individuals made number perception judgments regarding a set of moving, virtual, 3D objects. The degree to which participants interacted with the objects, specifically body movements rotating the objects, varied: they rotated automatically, by moving a computer mouse back and forth, or via hand movements registered by a motion sensor. Significantly higher performance was observed when objects rotated via mouse or hand movements compared to automatic rotation. The results suggest that interacting via hand movement can influence numerosity estimates of 3D objects. This indicates that having individuals interact with objects via body movement could enhance corresponding mental representations.
Offshore Oil and Gas Development in the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

In the last decade an increasing proportion of the world’s crude oil supply has come from offshore fields. The growing importance of offshore oil has coincided with, and on occasion reinforced, the growth of environmentalism in industrialized nations. Against this background, this chapter analyzes and compares major policy initiatives in the United States and the United Kingdom intended to minimize the adverse social and environmental consequences of offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea.
Sodium 'Airglow' from Io

Io is the innermost of the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter. In size, density, and distance from its parent planet it is quite similar to our own Moon. Most of its other physical properties are different from our lunar experience. To gain some familiarization with this satellite, the following brief discussion will highlight some of its observed physical properties. An excellent review has recently been published by Morrison and Cruikshank (1974).
Cdk5, a Journey from Brain to Pain: Lessons from Gene Targeting

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a ubiquitously expressed proline-directed serine/threonine kinase. The monomeric form of Cdk5 is inactive and requires binding with its activator p35 and/or p39 to execute its kinase activity. Cdk5 was initially identified by purification from bovine brain extract and termed “Cdk5” because of its nucleotide sequence homology with human CDC2. Since the discovery of this kinase in 1992, it has been extensively studied by different laboratories to gain insights into its multiple roles in many important physiological systems. It is interesting to note that this kinase, which was initially considered as a postmitotic, neuron-specific kinase, has also been recognized as a key molecule in many cellular functions in non-neuronal tissues. We have now determined that this kinase was not only misnamed, as it neither requires binding to cyclin for activation, nor is it critically essential in the cell cycle, but was also not specific to neurons, as previously thought. Gene targeting is a very powerful tool for understanding the function of genes in human development and disease; in 2007, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for introducing principles of specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells. After the generation of the first gene-targeted mouse, our knowledge of specific gene functions has been immensely augmented by making use of gene-targeting techniques. In the last decade, we and others have employed functional genomics tools for a better understanding of Cdk5 biology. In this chapter, we will discuss the lessons learned from different strategies undertaken to understand Cdk5 biology.
Exogenous and Endogenous Mouse Mammary Tumor Viruses: Replication and Cell Transformation

The concept that mouse mammary tumorigenesis involves a transmissible genetic factor first arose from the observation that mammary carcinomas tend to occur in familial patterns (1,2). The development of inbred strains of mice with high and low mammary tumor incidences provided additional evidence for the involvement of some transmissible agent (3). Crosses performed between high and low mammary-tumor-incidence strains yielded progeny whose tumor incidence was most strongly influenced by that of the mother, suggesting that a nonchromosomal factor was involved (4). This nonchromosomal factor was transmitted via the milk from mother to offspring (5), and the agent, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), was isolated (6,7). Decades later, MMTV and the mouse mammary tumor system remain the only animal model for the study of a possible viral etiology of human breast cancer
Recent increase in South Pole snow accumulation

This paper summarizes the 37 year history of net accumulation measurements at the geographic South Pole obtained by numerous investigators using a variety of techniques. These data lead to the conclusion that annual net snow accumulation has increased in the vicinity of South Pole Station (SPS) since 1955. The records were examined for evidence of a “station effect” and it is concluded that not all of the observed increase can be attributed to snow drift associated with the presence of the station. Furthermore, the accumulation increase at the South Pole appears consistent with increases observed at other locations on the East Antarctic Plateau, and in the Peninsula region as well. These data suggest that the recent accumulation increase at SPS may be regionally extensive over the East Antarctic Plateau.
The best made plans of mice and curriculum planners: embracing diversity in teacher needs and planning for it

Curriculum designers, writers, and trainers should be aware that, for teachers, a diverse set of personal and classroom circumstances means a diverse set of classroom adaptations. In a world of infinite possibilities, it is impossible to predict what type of individual spin a teacher may put on the implementation of the curriculum when they adapt it to their specific needs. This paper, therefore, asserts the importance of identifying the key or pivotal elements of the curriculum in order to assure that they are, at the very least, included in the individualized enactments outside of our control. This planfulness may increase the likelihood of a closer-to-fidelity enactment insuring both student and teacher a richer experience that includes the primary principals the curriculum designers had in mind.
The Effects of the Small Business Founder’s Need for Cognition on Early Stage Performance

This study assesses the relationship between the need for cognition and early stage organizational performance for a sample of small business owners who started new childcare ventures. Their need for cognition was assessed as a predictor of performance that was measured by sales growth. The data supported a significant positive relationship between need for cognition and performance as predicted. This study suggests that the cognitive characteristics of small business owners can influence the performance of their businesses.
Substituted alkylpyridines as P3′ ligands for the hydroxyethylpiperazine class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors: Improved pharmacokinetic profiles

Abstract As a systematic approach to develop HIV-1 protease inhibitors exhibiting desirable pharmacokinetic profiles, hydroxyethylpiperazine series of inhibitors containing various mono- or dialkyl-substituted pyridylmethyl groups have been examined. Very high enzyme inhibitory potency and antiviral activity in a whole cell assay were observed with these inhibitors and, when administered orally to dogs, selected compounds in this series exhibited prolonged half-lives compared to the non-substituted pyridylmethyl compound 1 .
Human Trafficking: How Family Physicians Can Recognize and Assist Victims

Identifying a trafficking victim requires an understanding of the law as well as knowledge of risk factors and signs and symptoms of exploitation.
Weight loss is associated with improved quality of life among rural women completers of a web-based lifestyle intervention.

Introduction The evidence for whether weight loss following longer-term lifestyle interventions results in improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is inconclusive. This study examines whether women who lose weight after completing an 18-month web-based lifestyle modification intervention would report a corresponding improvement in HRQoL as measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item profile (PROMIS-29 v1.0). Methods Data from 216 rural women, ages 40 to 69, with baseline and 18-month PROMIS-29 data were analyzed in this secondary analysis of the Women Weigh-in for Wellness clinical trial. This trial promoted lifestyle modification for initial weight loss (baseline to 6 months) and guided weight loss (6 months to 18 months) using a web-delivery format. Results After adjusting for age, number of comorbidities, change in physical activity from baseline, intervention group, and baseline PROMIS-29 scores, change in weight was associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the domains of depression, physical function, pain interference, fatigue, and satisfaction with social role. Logistic regressions, adjusting for the same factors, indicated women with ≥ 10% weight loss were more likely to report lower depression, higher physical function and less pain interference, compared to women who gained weight or lost < 5%. Conclusions Among our rural women, a loss in weight from baseline appeared to be associated with overall improvement in multiple PROMIS-29 v 1.0 domains, noting the likelihood of achieving improvement was significantly higher among women who attained ≥ 10% weight loss. These findings may positively influence a woman’s adherence to lifestyle modification weight loss and weight maintenance program. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01307644.
Defectous UiO-66 MOF Nanocomposites as Reactive Media of Superior Protection against Toxic Vapors

The composites of UiO-66 with nanographite or oxidized graphitic carbon nitride nanospheres (∼10 wt %) were synthesized and used as CEES decontamination media from a vapor phase. The materials were characterized using XRD, nitrogen adsorption, SEM, potentiometric titration, FTIR, and thermal analysis. The results showed a marked improvement of the detoxification capability against the vapors of CEES compared to those of pristine UiO-66, either in terms of the amount adsorbed or surface reactivity. The maximum weight uptake for the composites reached 632 mg g-1, which was higher than that on UiO-66. The improved adsorption and catalytic activity were linked to the new interface between the modifiers and MOF units/defects, which provided additional active sites formed as a result of modifiers' surface groups acting as MOF linkers. The morphology and porosity were also altered, positively affecting the sites' accessibility and their dispersion in the MOF particles. Dehydrohalogenation and oxidation were the predominant pathways of the composites' surface reactivity. The detoxification mechanisms involving CEES vapor-UiO-66 surface interactions differ from those reported for CEES liquid/dissolved liquid-UiO-66 interactions, and dehydrohalogenation, fragmentation, and oxidation predominate.
Critical Care Education Day: A Novel, Multidisciplinary, and Interactive Critical Care Education Session for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Critical care medicine (CCM) is central to emergency medicine (EM) resident education. We feel that the traditional lecture format is not the ideal way to teach EM critical care, which requires integration and prioritization of diagnostic workup and team-based resuscitation under time pressure. We describe a novel critical care education day where an interactive, practical, and multidisciplinary critical care educational experience was provided for EM residents using case-based small-group sessions and fast-paced simulation.
A GPU approach to real-time coherence-based photoacoustic imaging and its application to photoacoustic visual servoing

Vision-based robotic control (also known as visual servoing) is promising for surgical tool tip tracking and automated visualization of photoacoustic targets during interventional procedures. However, reliable segmenta- tion in photoacoustic-based visual servoing was previously achieved with a light source that exceeds laser safety limits, due to the limited availability of laser safety limits for only skin or eyes and the associated difficulty with visualizing signals at the low laser energies within these safety limits for millimeter-sized light sources. Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging is an advanced beamforming method that has shown offline promise toward enhancing the visualization of signals acquired with low laser energies. This paper summarizes the first known GPU-based, real-time implementation of SLSC for photoacoustic imaging and displays example images showing the application of this real-time algorithm to improve signal visualization and segmentation for visual servoing tasks. Results with ex vivo bovine tissue demonstrate that real-time SLSC imaging recovers signals obtained with low laser energies (i.e., ≤ 268 μJ) with mean ± standard deviation signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 11.2 ± 2.4 (compared to 3.5 ± 0.8 with conventional delay-and-sum beamforming). Therefore, real-time SLSC imaging enables low laser energies for visual servoing within existing safety limits, which is promising for multiple surgical interventions.
Re-thinking ‘Paternalism’ for a Democratic Theory of Care

This chapter makes three general points about democracy, state care and paternalism. The first is that if we want to develop democratic modes of care at the state level—or anywhere else—we will have to challenge paternalism as a system of governance in both theory and practice. The second is that we cannot do so without replacing the liberal/libertarian concept of paternalism that now prevails among contemporary philosophers, political theorists and legal scholars, as well as the individualistic model of personal choice making associated with it, with a concept of paternalism that understands its subject matter as a distinctly paternal, hierarchically organized, kind of care. The third is that by understanding paternalism in this way, we are able both to grasp the interdependence of democracy and non-paternalism and to hone the conditions of a non-paternalistic, democratic, welfare state. The study shows how the conditions in question might be met in practice and then sketches the contours of a caring state that is compatible with them.
Welcome Back? Boomerang Employee Performance and Turnover Compared to Internal and External Hires

“Boomerang” employees are workers who leave an organization and are later rehired by that same organization. Although many organizations rehire former employees, only a handful of studies have exam...
Increased mosquito abundance and species richness in Connecticut, United States 2001-2019.

Historical declines in multiple insect taxa have been documented across the globe in relation to landscape-level changes in land use and climate. However, declines have either not been universally observed in all regions or examined for all species. Because mosquitoes are insects of public health importance, we analyzed a longitudinal mosquito surveillance data set from Connecticut (CT), United States (U.S.) from 2001 to 2019 to identify changes in mosquito community composition over time. We first analyzed annual site-level collections and metrics of mosquito community composition with generalized linear/additive mixed effects models; we also examined annual species-level collections using the same tools. We then examined correlations between statewide collections and weather variables as well as site-level collections and land cover classifications. We found evidence that the average trap night collection of mosquitoes has increased by ~ 60% and statewide species richness has increased by ~ 10% since 2001. Total species richness was highest in the southern portion of CT, likely due to the northward range expansion of multiple species within the Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Psorophora genera. How the expansion of mosquito populations in the northeast U.S. will alter mosquito-borne pathogen transmission in the region will require further investigation.
Incentives for Retailer Forecasting: Rebates vs. Returns

This paper studies a manufacturer that sells to a newsvendor retailer who can improve the quality of her demand information by exerting costly forecasting effort. In such a setting, contracts play two roles: providing incentives to influence the retailer's forecasting decision and eliciting information obtained by forecasting to inform production decisions. We focus on two forms of contracts that are widely used in such settings and are mirror images of one another: a rebates contract, which compensates the retailer for the units she sells to end consumers, and a returns contract, which compensates the retailer for the units that are unsold. We characterize the optimal rebates contracts and returns contracts. Under rebates, the retailer, manufacturer, and total system may benefit from the retailer having inferior forecasting technology; this never occurs under returns. Although one might conjecture that returns would be inferior because its provision of “insurance” would discourage the retailer from forecasting, we show that returns are superior.
A novel auxin-inducible degron system for rapid, cell cycle-specific targeted proteolysis

Abstract The OsTIR1/auxin-inducible degron (AID) system allows “on demand” selective and reversible protein degradation upon exposure to the phytohormone auxin. In the current format, this technology does not allow to study the effect of acute protein depletion selectively in one phase of the cell cycle, as auxin similarly affects all the treated cells irrespectively of their proliferation status. Therefore, the AID system requires coupling with cell synchronization techniques, which can alter the basal biological status of the studied cell population. Here, we introduce a new AID system to Regulate OsTIR1 Levels based on the Cell Cycle Status (ROLECCS system), which induces proteolysis of both exogenously transfected and endogenous gene-edited targets in specific phases of the cell cycle. This new tool paves the way to studying the differential roles that target proteins may have in specific phases of the cell cycle.
National trends in repair for type B aortic dissection.

Background Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) first gained in popularity for repair of type B aortic dissections (TBADs) in the early 2000's. We aimed to describe patients undergoing open repair, TEVAR, and no repair and analyze factors associated with repair within 14 days of presentation in the contemporary era. Methods We used the MarketScan database to find patients with TBAD between 2014 and 2017. To assess factors associated with early repair, univariable, and multivariable log-binomial regression were used. Results There were 2613 patients admitted with TBAD between 2014 and 2017 across the United States, of whom 38.4% underwent repair within 14 days of admission (25.3% open repair and 13.1% TEVAR). The incidence of repair within 14 days decreased over the study period (43% of the study cohort in 2014 to 26.4% in 2017) primarily due to a decrease in open repairs from 30.8% of patients in 2014 to 12.5% in 2017. In multivariable analysis, older age, Middle Atlantic location, diabetes mellitus, insulin use, antiplatelet use, and more recent year were associated with lower likelihood of early repair; male sex, peripheral vascular disease, and the presence of extremity ischemia, rupture, shock, and acidosis were associated with higher likelihood of repair. Conclusions Overall, repair of TBAD within 14 days of presentation declined from 2014 to 2017, with a steady rate of TEVAR but declining rate of open repairs. Further investigation into provider- and hospital-specific factors as they relate to likelihood of repair is needed.
COVID-19 and the impact on rural and black church Congregants: Results of the C-M-C project.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on Black and rural populations with a mortality rate among Blacks three times that of Whites and both rural and Black populations experiencing limited access to COVID-19 resources. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the health, financial, and psychological impact of COVID-19 among rural White Appalachian and Black nonrural central Kentucky church congregants. Secondarily we sought to examine the association between sociodemographics and behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs regarding COVID-19 and intent to vaccinate. We used a cross sectional survey design developed with the constructs of the Health Belief and Theory of Planned Behavior models. The majority of the 942 respondents were ≥36 years. A total of 54% were from central Kentucky, while 47.5% were from Appalachia. Among all participants, the pandemic worsened anxiety and depression and delayed access to medical care. There were no associations between sociodemographics and practicing COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Appalachian region was associated with financial burden and delay in medical care (p = 0.03). Appalachian respondents had lower perceived benefit and attitude for COVID-19 prevention behaviors (p = 0.004 and <0.001, respectively). Among all respondents, the perceived risk of contracting COVID was high (54%), yet 33.2% indicated unlikeliness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if offered. The COVID-19 pandemic had a differential impact on White rural and Black nonrural populations. Nurses and public health officials should assess knowledge and explore patient's attitudes regarding COVID-19 prevention behaviors, as well as advocate for public health resources to reduce the differential impact of COVID-19 on these at-risk populations.
Improving access to perinatal mental health services: the value of on-site resources.

BACKGROUND Perinatal mood disorders have both short- and long-term negative consequences for mothers and their babies. National organizations recommend universal screening for postpartum depression. Little is known, however, about screening and referral among women living in underserved areas with limited access to care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this report was to evaluate the utilization of mental health services in an urban, inner-city hospital following the implementation of colocated counseling services across 10 county-sponsored clinics that serve a medically underserved population. We further explored antecedents of a positive postpartum depression screen, factors associated with successful referral, and the rate of perinatal mood disorder diagnoses following universal screening. We hypothesized that integrated mental health services would improve referral rates following positive postpartum depression screening compared with historically separated services. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing universal postpartum depression screening with deliveries from January 2017 to December 2019 who were compared with a historic cohort from the same population from June 2008 to March 2010. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to evaluate women at their postpartum visit, and a mental health service referral was offered to women with a score of ≥13. The primary outcome was a comparison of completed referrals between cohorts with and without colocated mental health services following a positive postpartum depression screen. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests with a P value of RESULTS Between January 2017 to December 2019, 25,425 women completed a postpartum depression screen with 978 (4%) of those recording a positive screen. After implementation of colocated mental health counselors, completed perinatal mental health referrals significantly increased when compared with the historic cohort without colocated services (57%; 560 of 978 vs 22%; 238 of 1106; P CONCLUSION Utilization of mental health services following a positive depression screen more than doubled following the implementation of colocated services.
An Uptick in Tics: Acute Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome on Varenicline (P6.027)

Objective: To report worsening of Tourette syndrome in two patients treated with varenicline. Background: Tourette syndrome is characterized by motor and vocal tics, due to overactivity of dopaminergic systems resulting from dopamine receptor hypersensitivity. Varenicline is the most potent therapy for smoking cessation, acting as a partial nicotine agonist and by increasing dopamine levels in dorsum striatum. Design/Methods: Report of two cases of Tourette syndrome with clinical worsening attributed to varenicline, and review of the literature. Results: The first patient had motor tics in childhood which completely resolved by the age of 20. At age 25, he started varenicline and stopped smoking. Within two weeks he developed motor tics that persisted despite stopping the drug after 6 weeks and restarting smoking. Vocal tics emerged for the first time and motor tics became medically refractory and severely disabling at work and school. Yale tic global severity scale (YTGSS) score was 86. The second patient developed motor and vocal tics in adolescence. The tics were stable throughout her 20’s but caused significant disability in association with psychiatric comorbidities. In an effort to quit smoking at age 31, she started varenicline which led to a marked increase in tic frequency and severity. Varenicline was discontinued after 3 weeks with an improvement back to baseline (YTGSS 94). Both patients ultimately underwent deep brain stimulation to bilateral centromedian/parafascicular complex thalamic nuclei for medically refractory Tourette syndrome. Both patients had significant improvement in their symptoms. Conclusions: We describe two patients with severe worsening or reemergence of motor and vocal tics after exposure to varenicline. The mechanism may relate to increased striatal dopamine after exposure to varenicline in patients with dopamine receptor sensitivity. We recommend caution when prescribing varenicline to patients with Tourette syndrome. Study Supported by: None Disclosure: Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Klassen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hassan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bower has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coon has nothing to disclose.
Non-Parametric Neural Style Transfer

It seems easy to imagine a photograph of the Eiffel Tower painted in the style of Vincent van Gogh's 'The Starry Night', but upon introspection it is difficult to precisely define what this would entail. What visual elements must an image contain to represent the 'content' of the Eiffel Tower? What visual elements of 'The Starry Night' are caused by van Gogh's 'style' rather than his decision to depict a village under the night sky? Precisely defining 'content' and 'style' is a central challenge of designing algorithms for artistic style transfer, algorithms which can recreate photographs using an artwork's style. My efforts defining these terms, and designing style transfer algorithms themselves, are the focus of this thesis. I will begin by proposing novel definitions of style and content based on optimal transport and self-similarity, and demonstrating how a style transfer algorithm based on these definitions generates outputs with improved visual quality. Then I will describe how the traditional texture-based definition of style can be expanded to include elements of geometry and proportion by jointly optimizing a keypoint-guided deformation field alongside the stylized output's pixels. Finally I will describe a framework inspired by both modern neural style transfer algorithms and traditional patch-based synthesis approaches which is fast, general, and offers state-of-the-art visual quality.
Evaluation of canine adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell differentiation to ligamentoblasts on tensioned collagen type I templates in a custom bioreactor culture system.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate differentiation of canine adipose–derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) into ligamentoblasts on tensioned collagen type I (Col1) templates in a perfusion culture system. SA...
OSU-T315, An Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis By Targeting B Cell Receptor and CD49d Mediated AKT/ERK Activation In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells

Aberrant regulation of endogenous survival pathways plays a major role in pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Signaling via conjugation of surface receptors within the tumor environmental niche is believed to activate survival and proliferation pathway in CLL. PI3K/AKT appears to be the pivotal axis to support CLL growth. Current studies identify Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as a Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-2 (PDK2), by which it mediates AKT activation and concomitant with tumorigenesis in many solid tumors. As a result of our search for novel therapeutic targets, we first report the potent inhibitor, OSU-T315, modeled from the scaffold that docks into AKT-binding site of ILK in therapeutic of hematological malignancy. OSU-T315 triggers apoptosis in CLL by targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic AKT and ERK activation ([Figure 1A][1]). OSU-T315 induces cytotoxicity to both CLL-derived cell lines Mec-1 and OSU-CLL, as well as in primary CLL cells, while illustrating alleviated toxicity in normal B and T cells ([Figure 1B, C][1]). In contrast to the highly successful BTK and PI3 kinase inhibitors which inhibit BCR signaling proximally, OSU-T315 specifically inhibits down-stream AKT and ERK signaling cascades without affecting proximal BCR or focal-adhesion signaling. In particular, external stimuli through BCR or CD49d, by which triggers survival signal and protects CLL from ankoisis via AKT/ERK activation, is potently inhibited by OSU-T315. Downstream anti-apoptotic molecule Mcl-1 is suppressed upon OSU-T315 treatment, which is later accompanied by increased Caspase 3/7 activity. Further study indicates that OSU-T315 mediated cell death is Caspase dependent. In vivo efficacy of OSU-T315 is supported by a therapeutic study in the TCL1 mouse model of CLL, from which demonstrates improvement in total counts of white blood cells and reduced splenomegaly, thereby contributing to enhanced overall survival following OSU-T315 oral treatment regimen ([Figure 2][2]). Together, our findings suggest the innovative dual-targeted approaches by suppressing both AKT and ERK pathway in CLL therapy through inhibiting ILK, and provide an alternative agent for potential therapeutic development in CLL. ![Figure][3] ![Figure][3] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: #F2 [3]: pending:yes