cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adjective self-descriptions of world war II and korean prisoner of war and combat veterans

Self-descriptions were generated among 71 former prisoners of war (POWs) and 35 combat veterans of similar ages, personal backgrounds, and war duty assignments using the Adjective Check List format. Former POWs differed significantly from combat controls in selection of self-descriptive identifiers across the 37 scales, specifically on Number of Favorable Adjectives Checked, Need Scales measuring Affiliation, Exhibition, Change, Succorance, and Abasement, Ideal Self and Counseling Readiness Topical Scales, four of five Transactional Analysis Scales, and the High Origence-High Intellectence Scale. Complementing previous findings, results point to an association between catastrophic trauma of sustained duration and subjective reports of relatively unfavorable views of self, less adaptive personality structure, and greater difficulties in coping.
The INNOVACQ 100 system: Experience of a pilot user

Abstract The Library of the University of California, Riverside (UCR) began automating its acquisitions, fund accounting, and in-process control functions when it became the pilot library for the INNOVACQ 100 system in March 1982. This system, developed by Innovative Interface, Inc., utilizes a multi-processor microcomputer. General features of the system and UCR's experience in using it are presented.
Contributions to characterization and classification of animal viruses.

SummarySystematic organization of the known viruses is important from the taxonomic viewpoint and in the practical sense in providing inferential knowledge based on known qualities of related agents. Determination of nucleic acid type, sensitivity to organic solvents, pH 3.0 lability, size, and structure provide excellent basic criteria for grouping viruses. Further subgrouping can be based on factors such as heat stability, sensitivity to drugs, cytopathology, and type of inclusions. Acid lability tests and nucleic acid typing were carried out for a number of viruses and methods for determining essential lipid, drug sensitivity and heat lability were explored. A simplified working scheme for classification and identification of viruses is presented.
Isolated singularities of nonlinear parabolic inequalities

We study C 2,1 nonnegative solutions u(x,t) of the nonlinear parabolic inequalities $$ 0\le u_t-\Delta u \le u^\lambda$$ in a punctured neighborhood of the origin in \({\bf R}^n \times [0,\infty)\), when \(n\ge 1\) and \(\lambda > 0\). We show that a necessary and sufficient condition on λ for such solutions u to satisfy an a priori bound near the origin is \(\lambda\le \frac{n+2}n\), and in this case, the a priori bound on u is $$ u(x,t) = O(t^{-n/2}) \quad \text{as}\; (x,t)\to (0,0),\; t > 0.$$ This a priori bound for u can be improved by imposing an upper bound on the initial condition of u.
Parts Description And Acquisition Using Vision

AbstractWe propose a representation of two -dimensional shape and contour that has local support.A contour and region is segmented into subparts with associated partly specified descrip-tions that are iteratively refined by the descriptions of adjacent subparts in a processof local frame propagation. Curved shapes are described in terms of smoothed localsymmetries that combine features of generalized cylinders and the Symmetric Axis Transform.Shape descriptions, together with a local potential function, are used to determine grasppoints for a parallel jaw gripper.IntroductionAdvanced automation promises substantial increases in productivity, cheaper goods, andbetter quality control, as well as the liberation of humans from hostile or alienatingworkplaces. Currently, however, manufacturing automation, including robotics, is deficientin a number of ways that prevent its full potential from being realized, especially inautomating assembly. Sensory perception, whether of force, touch, or vision, is parti-cularly inadequate, and yet it is crucial for inspection, parts acquisition, and compliantassembly. Underlying all of these vision problems is the need to develop rich represent-ations of shape having local support.Any vision problem, such as parts acquisition, is in fact a spectrum of problemsdefined by the extent to which the position and orientation of the parts to be acquired canbe predicted. One end of the spectrum is represented by current industrial practice onhigh -production assembly lines. The position and orientation of parts presented to amanipulator are completely predictable, hence pure position- control suffices. The need forpure position- control leads, in turn, to the stiff robot arms that are commercially avail-able today. Sensing is the key to relaxing the demand for complete predictability. Movingalong the spectrum, one encounters increasingly difficult problems, culminating in over-lapping parts of different types.The world we perceive is three -dimensional. Recent advances in Computer vision[Brady 1982e] suggest a number of techniques for computing three -dimensional surface
Routing games with elastic traffic

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a novel class of multipath routing games with elastic traffic. Users open one or more connections along diffierent feasible paths from source to destination and act selfishly--seeking to transfer data as fast as possible.Users only control their routing choices , and once these choices have been made, the connection rates are elastic and determined via congestion control algorithms (e.g.TCP) which ultimately maximize a certain notion of the network utility. We analyze the existence and the performance of the Nash Equilibria (NEs) of the resulting routing games.
Veränderungen von Korrosionen durch Netzmittel IV. Die Schutzwirkung im sauren Gebiet

Fruhere Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, das in Leitungswasser geeignete Netzmittel nicht nur Lochkorrosion von Flusstahl, sondern auch praktisch jeden Angriff auf den Werkstoff verhindern konnen. Die chemische Konstitution des oberflachenaktiven Stoffes ist dabei entscheidend, da manche Verbindungen die Korrosion betrachtlich verstarken. Es wurde nun festgestellt, das auch der Angriff verdunnter Salzsaure auf Stahl durch Zusatz eines geeigneten Netzmittels erheblich vermindert werden kann. 0,4%in einer Losung von 22g HCL in 1000cm3 Wasser haben bereits eine stark inhibierende Wirkung, und die Anwesenheit von 1% gewahrleistet einen bemerkenswerten Schutz des Stabes. Modification in Corrosion Effects through the use of Anti-Wetting Agent IV and its protective Effect against Acid Action Earlier investigations have shown that the addition of a suitable anti-wetting agent to domestic water supplies would not only prevent pitting, but would also counteract practically any form of corrosive action on the material. The chemical constitution of the surface-active substance is of great importance, since many compounds substantially increase the corrosive action. It has now been determined that the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on steel can be appreciably reduced by the addition of a suitable antiwetting agent. even 0,4%in a solution of 22g HCL in 1,000ccm water has a strong inhibitory of 1% guarantees protection of the steel.
Summertime visibility declines: Meteorological influences

Abstract Meteorological factors affecting summertime visibility have been examined with a focus on two periods of time: 1952–1956 and 1971–1975. Summertime visibility in the mideastern United States reached its 30-year peak in the mid-fifties and subsequently declined to its lowest levels in the early seventies. This deterioration has been attributed by many to increased summertime sulfur dioxide emissions. However, the meteorology affecting visibility also varied in a significant manner over that period. Examination of the meteorological record using several statistical methods, among them the run test and autocorrelation analysis, shows conditions adverse to visibility are episodic in nature. A comparison of episodes in the two focal time periods revealed striking differences. The meteorological parameters most affecting visual air quality differed significantly and in a direction conducive to better visibility in the mid-fifties.
Eddy current power dissipation at sharp corners: asymptotic expansions of the field near and far from the edge of a right angle conducting wedge

Asymptotic expansions are constructed for the fields both near the edge and far from the edge of a right angle conducting wedge. These expansions are needed for an accurate numerical solution of the problem to be carried out. Furthermore, previous results, such as a constant nonzero value of the axial electric field at the edge and linear-logarithmic behavior of the tangential surface magnetic field at the edge, are shown to be consistent with the rigorous expansions. Continuation of the expansions when the wedge angle is a rational multiple of pi is shown to involve logarithmic terms. Simpler expansions, when a complex rotation of the radial coordinate is performed, are also given.
Positivistic Paths to Value

We begin with a question: What sort of an ethics, if any, is possible granted the validity of the Wittgensteinian principle of verifiability and the threefold classification of sentences as significant, tautologous, or meaningless?2 Three, and only three, alternative types of ethical theory seem possible given the above conditions3. These types I label (i) Emotivist, (ii) Positivistic Utilitarian, and (iii) Significant Tautologies.
Pressure delivery of AS-ICAM-1 ODN with LFA-1 mAb reduces reperfusion injury in cardiac allografts

Abstract Background . The goal of this study is to determine the effects of ex vivo hyperbaric pressure administration of AS-ICAM-1 ODN and systemic anti-LFA-1 mAb treatment on reperfusion injury in the rat cardiac allograft model. Methods . A PVG to ACI functional heterotopic rat heart model was used. Donor hearts were treated with either saline or AS-ICAM-1 ODN and 5 atm of hyperbaric pressure for 45 minutes. Anti-LFA-1 mAb was administered systemically prior to reperfusion of the allograft. Allografts were procured 24 hours after transplantation for assessment of reperfusion injury or 72 hours to determine ICAM-1 protein expression. Results . Ex vivo administration of AS-ICAM-1 ODN led to decreases in percentage wet weight (77.1 ± 0.83% vs 78.7 ± 1.0%, p p p p p p p p p Conclusions . Ex vivo pressure mediated delivery of AS-ICAM-1 ODN decreases ICAM-1 protein expression, reduces reperfusion injury in rodent cardiac allografts, and is more effective than anti-LFA-1 mAb treatment alone.
Engraftment of unrelated donor stem cells in children with familial amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia

Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia is an extremely rare disorder for which bone marrow transplantation offers the only possibility for cure. The pathophysiology is unclear. Two children with familial amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia underwent unrelated donor transplantation (bone marrow in one, umbilical cord blood in the second) after a preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. Both patients failed initial engraftment, required further donor stem cell infusions and are currently well with sustained engraftment, 16 months and 7 months after transplantation, respectively. The difficulty in achieving engraftment of unrelated donor stem cells in these children suggests that in future cases additional measures to achieve engraftment may be necessary, for example, a more aggressive preparative regimen or an increased stem cell dose.
Effectiveness of a two-phase cognitive rehabilitation intervention for severely impaired schizophrenia patients.

Background. Several small-N, uncontrolled reports have demonstrated that the behavioral technique of attention shaping has significantly increased attention span among severely ill schizophrenia patients.Method. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of using an individually administered intervention for improving sustained attention, Attention Process Training (APT), followed by an attention-shaping procedure within the context of an ongoing skills training group. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the APT and attention-shaping sequence (n=18) or equivalent hours of treatment in the same intensive behavioral rehabilitation program (n=13).Results. Results indicated dramatic improvements in attentiveness in the cognitive rehabilitation condition compared with the control condition, which demonstrated essentially no change in attentiveness over the 12 weeks of treatment. The attention-shaping intervention appeared to account for the majority of the effect. In contrast to the observational data, performance on neuropsychological tests was unaffected by the cognitive interventions.Conclusions. This two-phase intervention demonstrated effectiveness in promoting attentive behavior among chronic schizophrenia patients with severe attentional impairment.
Negative refraction and the minimum lattice cell size

Artificial periodic structures (metamaterials and photonic crystals) with feature sizes smaller than the wavelength can be capable of supporting backward waves and producing negative refraction. However, backward waves may only exist if the lattice cell size is a sufficiently large fraction of the vacuum wavelength and/or the Bloch wavelength. Explicit lower bounds for the cell size are established and imply, in particular, a limit on the optical resolution of negative-index lenses. A key tool in the analysis is Fourier decomposition of Bloch waves and related eigenfrequency estimates. Numerical examples and a detailed exposition of the mechanism of backward waves are included.
Alliance of Support for Low-Income Latino Men with Prostate Cancer: God, Doctor, and Self

Utilizing qualitative methods, this study describes the perceptions of and reliance on spirituality among indigent Latino men with prostate cancer. Sixty men were interviewed in Spanish. Transcripts were transcribed verbatim, translated, and analyzed using grounded theory techniques. Common across all men was a process involving the formation of an alliance of support that included God, doctors, and self. From this alliance, men drew strength to manage their disease, maintained hope for the future, and found new existential meaning. By recognizing the potential value of this alliance, health care professionals may tap into a beneficial empowering resource for some Latino men.
Ground state of the periodic Anderson model: Comparison of exact diagonalization and Monte Carlo results.

The ground-state properties of the symmetric periodic Anderson model on a one-dimensional lattice are studied by exact diagonalization for a small (four-site) cluster. Comparison is made with results obtained for a larger (sixteen-site) ring obtained by Monte Carlo techniques. Excellent agreement is found for the range of parameters considered.
Eddy current power dissipation at sharp corners: an approximate variational conducting wedge solution and simple function fit for general ratios of internal to external magnetic permeabilities

An integral equation for the right-angle finitely conducting corner is derived. A variational principle is used to construct an approximation for the corner constant; the value of the corner constant serves to correct the internal impedance per unit length of conductors when sharp comers are present. The external impedance solution is chosen as the tangential magnetic field trial function. Complex rotation of the radial coordinate in the variational expression is performed to reduce the calculation to numerical integration of a real quantity. A simple function is introduced to fit the calculated corner constant for general ratios of internal to external magnetic permeabilities.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHEMICAL CYTOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND AT DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL STAGES

IN A PREVIOUS INVESTIGATION (Dempsey, 1944), changes in the oxidative enzymes and in the fluorescence of the colloid were correlated with different states of thyroidal activity. Since the publication of this article, an additional number of histochemical reactions has been applied successfully to other organs and tissues, and conditions have been established under which chemical characterizations may be obtained by the use of tissue stains (cf. Dempsey and Wislocki, 1946). Methods have also been devised whereby the functional activity of the thyroid gland can be controlled almost at will. Thyroidal activity can be regulated at predictable levels by subjecting rats to different environmental temperatures (Dempsey and Astwood, 1943). The synthesis of thyroidal hormone can be blocked completely by chemotherapeutic agents, which at the same time induce a state of extreme morphological hyperplasia (MacKenzie and MacKenzie, 1943; Astwood, Sullivan, Bissell and Tyslowitz, 1943).
Effect of stem length on prosthetic radial head micromotion

Background Osteointegration of press-fit radial head implants is achieved by limiting micromotion between the stem and bone. Aspects of stem design that contribute to the enhancement of initial stability (ie, stem diameter and surface coating) have been investigated. The importance of total prosthesis length and level of the neck cut has not been examined. Methods Cadaveric radii were implanted with cementless, porous-coated radial head stems. We resected 10, 12, 15, 20, and 25 mm of radial neck in each specimen. Stem-bone micromotion was measured after each cut. Values were expressed in terms of quotients (cantilever quotient). Results A threshold effect was observed at 15 mm of neck resection (cantilever quotient, 0.4), with a significant increase in micromotion observed between 12 mm (40 ± 10 μm) and 15 mm (80 ± 25 μm). A cantilever quotient of 0.35 or less predicted implant stability, whereas implants with a cantilever quotient of 0.6 or more were unstable. In between, the stems were “at risk” of instability. Conclusion Initial stem stability of a porous-coated, cementless radial head implant is dependent on length of the implant stem within bone and the level of the cut (amount of bone resected). Stability may be compromised by an implant with a combined head and neck length that is too long compared with the stem length within the canal. We found a critical ratio of exposed prosthesis to total implant length (cantilever quotient of 0.4), which puts the prosthesis at risk of inadequate initial stability. These data carry important implications for implant design and use.
Recent Developments In Computer-Generated Holograms

Recently developed techniques for making binary computer-generated holograms (CGH) are reviewed. These include a method of using fringes to record the phase information and three methods for recording the amplitude information. Practical considerations for producing CGH's with high optical efficiency are also discussed. The applications of CGH's as beam splitters, aberration compensation plates and as optical elements for infrared wavelength are briefly mentioned.
Elongational Viscosity as a Tool to Predict the Foamability of Polyolefins

The foaming of polyolefins (POs) by direct gas injection is a delicate balance between the melt strength of the expanding polymer and the pressure of the blowing gas in the growing cells.Important ...
The cysteine-free fibroblast growth factor 1 mutant induces heparin-independent proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.

Background. The structure/function relationships of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) are being investigated using site mutation, yielding novel structures with potential clinical applicability for modulating tissue responses to vascular interventions. We generated a mutant FGF-1 in which all three cysteines were converted to serines and then tested the relative mitogenic activities on endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the molecular stability of the protein to thrombin-induced degradation. Methods. The dose responses of wild-type FGF-1 and the Cys-free mutant in the absence or presence of heparin were tested on ECs and SMCs. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Data were normalized by positive control (20% fetal bovine serum) and expressed as percentage of positive control for comparison. The molecular stability was examined by exposure of the cytokines to thrombin at 37°C for 0.5–24 h and then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results. Unlike wild-type FGF-1 which induced only minimal DNA synthesis at concentrations as high as 100 ng/ml, the Cys-free mutant induced a dose-dependent proliferation starting at 1 ng/ml on both ECs and SMCs in the absence of heparin. At 100 ng/ml, Cys-free mutant induced 4-fold more proliferation than wild-type FGF-1 on ECs (76.64 ± 13.39% vs 14.58 ± 1.38%, P < 0.01) and 12-fold more proliferation on SMCs (143.52 ± 9.96 vs 11.25 ± 3.32, P < 0.01). Heparin 5 U/ml potentiated the mitogenic activity of the Cys-free mutant at low dose range. Both proteins were degraded by thrombin progressively. But the Cys-free mutant showed more susceptibility with accelerated appearance of lower-molecular-weight fragment bands after incubation with thrombin. Conclusions. Conversion of cysteine residues to serine changed the heparin dependency of the growth factor and increased its mitogenic activity and its susceptibility to thrombin-induced degradation.
Relationships between liver element concentration and cause of death in perinatal lambs in Michigan, USA

Abstract Relationships were characterized between liver concentration of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn and cause of death in pre-weaned Michigan lambs. In 1986, the 888 lambs that died before weaning from 33 Michigan sheep producers were submitted to the Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure liver element concentrations. The five major causes of death discovered by gross necropsy were dystocia-stillborn, starvation-hypothermia, pneumonia, abortion and trauma. Each of the five causes of death had significant (P
The discreteness of phonetic elements and formal linguistics: response to A. Manaster Ramer

Abstract The phenomenon of “incomplete neutralization” and the subtlety of this incompleteness reveal vividly that speech sounds do not fall into discretely distinct phonetic types, and also that auditory impressions cannot be relied upon to identify them. Professor Manaster Ramer appreciates that these failures pose a serious problem for phonology. The reason is that the segmental units of standard phonology inherit the properties of discreteness and auditory identifiability from universal phonetics. So if phonetics is not always discrete, and practical identification is inherently unreliable, then phonology must restructure itself from the ground up. Phonology would then have no way to account for its discrete phonological objects (whether phonemes, rules, syllable trees, metrical grids, constraint rankings, allophonic rules, etc.). This seems to be what the author calls the theoretical bad dream concerning Professor Manaster Ramer. The author argues that all this is true and that an explanation for the discreteness of phonology must be sought elsewhere, not in a hypothetical universal phonetic inventory. In fact, the explanation for phonological discreteness must be sought in the same place it is sought in other sciences (e.g., astronomy, meteorology, economics, physics, biology, etc.)-in the dynamically created structures often exhibited by systems with many degrees of freedom and a constant flow of energy.
Apparent wavelength dependence of v sin i for Zeta Tauri

It was previously reported that the derived projected rotational velocity (v sin i) of the B shell star, Zeta Tau, appeared to depend on the wavelength of the line used in the analysis. This letter documents the apparent wavelength dependence of v sin i for Zeta Tau in order to provide an observational basis against which quantitative explanations can be tested. A value of 300 km/s is adopted for v sin i on the basis of an examination of the visual line spectrum, particularly the lines of He I at 4026 and 4471 A and Mg II at 4481 A. Analysis of the far-UV resonance lines of Si III at 1206 A and Si IV at 1393 and 1463 A in Copernicus spectrograms of Zeta Tau yields a representative value of no more than 150 km/s for v sin i. Gravity darkening of the star's atmosphere and distention of the atmosphere by rapid differential rotation are considered as possible explanations for the discrepancy between the v sin i values determined from the UV and visual lines.
99 Phosphorylated Signaling Proteins as Biomarkers of Antibody-Mediated Heart Allograft Rejection

Purpose Ligation of class I molecules on endothelial cells (EC) by anti-HLA Ab stimulates phosphorylation of p70 S6K, S6RP, ERK1/2 and Akt that in turn mediate cell survival and proliferation. We postulate that the capacity of Ab to mediate these signals is dependent upon the HLA Ab titer and level of HLA antigen expression on the endothelium. Methods and Materials Purified IgG fractions of heart recipient sera containing HLA Ab were tested for their ability to induce phosphorylation of S6RP, Akt, S6K and ERK in primary EC bearing relevant HLA antigens. Phosphorylation was measured by Western blot and normalized to EC treated with IgG containing no HLA Ab. The Ab binding capacity (ABC) of IgG fractions to EC was measured by flow-cytometry. Phosphorylation of paraffin embedded endomyocardial biopsies was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results DSA with ABC values >=14000 triggered higher levels of phosphorylation of S6K (T421/S424), S6RP (S235/6), and ERK1/2 (T202/Y204). In contrast, DSA with low ABC values = Conclusions These results provide mechanistic insights into how DSA contribute to the process of AMR. High levels of DSA activate cell proliferation pathways which may play a role in the development of transplant vasculopathy. Low levels of DSA may play a role in accommodation by activating cell survival pathways. The study also emphasizes the value of immunostaining of phosphorylated kinases, such as S6K, as biomarkers of AMR.
Nuclear ribonucleoproteins as inhibitors of mammalian RNA polymerase.

Abstract A ribonucleoprotein complex isolated from rabbit thymus nuclear lysates was found to be an inhibitor of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II. The inhibition appeared to be of a competitive type and was completely reversed by high concentrations of DNA. Highest inhibition was observed when enzyme and complex were preincubated before addition of DNA while there was little inhibition after enzyme had started synthesis on the DNA template. The RNA isolated from the complex was equally inhibitory and was a more effective inhibitor than either tRNA or rRNA.
Anticipated HIV Vaccine Acceptability among Sexually Active African-American Adult Women

An HIV vaccine, once it becomes available, could reduce vulnerability to HIV among African-American women. The purpose of this study was to assess determinants of HIV vaccine acceptability among African-American women across hypothetical levels of vaccine efficacy. Participants were recruited from a hospital-based family planning clinic in Atlanta, GA serving low-income patients (N = 321). Data were collected from audio-computer assisted surveys administered in the clinic waiting room. Psychosocial survey items were guided by Risk Homeostasis Theory (RHT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify determinants of acceptability for two hypothetical HIV vaccines with 50% and 90% efficacy. Overall, 63% of participants would accept a vaccine with 50% efficacy and 85% would accept a vaccine with 90% efficacy. In multivariate analyses, odds of acceptability for a vaccine with 50% efficacy were higher among participants with greater perceived HIV vaccine benefits (AOR = 1.13, p < 0.001) and lower among participants with more than high school education (AOR = 0.47, p = 0.033) and greater perceived costs of HIV vaccination (AOR = 0.95, p = 0.010). Odds of acceptability for a vaccine with 90% efficacy were higher among participants with greater perceived costs of unprotected sex (AOR = 1.08, p = 0.026), HIV vaccine benefits (AOR = 1.23, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy for sex refusal (AOR = 1.11, p = 0.044). HIV vaccine acceptability was high, particularly for a vaccine with 90% efficacy. Findings suggest that demographic and psychosocial factors may impact acceptability of an eventual HIV vaccine. Once an HIV vaccine is available, interventions to maximize uptake may benefit from using RHT and SCT constructs to target relevant psychosocial factors, such as perceived benefits and perceived costs of vaccination.
On the microscopic approach of the mean field kinetic ising model

Abstract The master equation for the mean field Ising model is derived from the Liouville formalism and cast into the same form as one usually writes the phenomenological master equation. Thus all constants including the time scale entering the phenomenological approach are well defined. The connection with the time dependent Landau-Ginzburg equation and the evaluation of the rate constants are emphasized. The possible growth of an initial inhomogeneity is discussed by examining a first order perturbation solution.
Effects of competing vegetation on juvenile white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) growth in Alaska

Nous avons etudie les effets de la vegetation concurrente sur la survie et la croissance de Picea glauca (Moench) Voss dans 3 dispositifs situes au centre sud de l'Alaska ainsi que 3 dispositifs installes dans l'Alaska interieur. Il s'agissait de traitement de preparation des sites et de degagements par application d'herbicides. L'un des traitements consistait a controler la vegetation pendant 5 ans (traitement eliminant la vegetation concurrente). Dans tous les dispositifs, ce dernier traitement se traduit par un accroissement significatif de la hauteur et du diametre au collet des plants âges de 10 et 11 ans, par comparison avec les parcelles temoins. La hauteur moyenne et le diametre sont alors respectivement mutliplies par 1,5 a 3,8 et 2,0 a 3,8 par rapport aux temoins. Les resultats des autres traitements different selon les dispositifs en fonction de l'efficacite de chaque traitement pour le controle de la vegetation. Sur tous les dispositifs, des equations de regression revelent une reduction sur le diametre a 10 et Il ans, alors que la vegetation concurrente se developpe et domine les plants.
A local macrophage chemokine network sustains protective tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells

CD8 tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells provide efficient local control of viral infection, but the role of CD4 T(RM) is less clear. Here, by using parabiotic mice, we show that a preexisting pool of CD4 T(RM) cells in the genital mucosa was required for full protection from a lethal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection. Chemokines secreted by a local network of macrophages maintained vaginal CD4 T(RM) in memory lymphocyte clusters (MLCs), independently of circulating memory T cells. CD4 T(RM) cells within the MLCs were enriched in clones that expanded in response to HSV-2. Our results highlight the need for vaccine strategies that enable establishment of T(RM) cells for protection from a sexually transmitted virus and provide insights as to how such a pool might be established.
Fractured rock mass characterization parameters and seismic properties: Analytical studies

Abstract Analytical studies have been carried out based on a modified displacement discontinuity fracture model to characterize the relations between seismic properties and fractured rock mass parameters. Models of a fractured medium are developed to represent vertically aligned fractures embedded in an intact rock material. Seismic properties, including velocities and quality factors (Q), are computed from seismic waves transmitted through the medium. The geometrical properties of the fractures, that is, the fracture length, spacing, and aperture, are assumed to exhibit fractal or Weibull behavior. The discontinuity index Id, fracture density parameter C, and the RQD, which provide a descriptive measure of either the hydraulic properties or the strength of the fractured medium, are computed for simulated distributions of the geometric fracture properties. These parameters are analyzed and then related to the seismic properties. The investigations suggest that consistent low seismic velocity and Q values associated with a fracture zone are indicative of a permeable or hydraulically transmissive zone. Lower rock strengths are also associated with lower seismic velocity and Q values. The results show that reasonable inferences characterizing the hydraulic and strength properties of fractured rock mass may be derived from measured seismic properties.
Recent analytical investigations of electromagnetic ground wave propagation over inhomogeneous earth models

A consolidated review is presented of recent analytical studies of electromagnetic waves propagating over inhomogeneous surfaces. Emphasis is on smooth boundaries that can be characterized by a local surface impedance. A general integral equation formulation is developed for this situation. A number of special cases are then considered and various methods of solution are described. Various concrete examples are presented, particular with regard to effects that occur at coastlines. Extensions to certain types of terrain features are also treated using the closely related mode-matching method. Some controversial aspects of very recent work on the subject are descried briefly.
The chromatography of some hydrazine derivatives on paper

Abstract A study is described of the chromatography on paper of some alkylhydrazines and some monoand diacylhydrazines by both the circular and ascending methods. For the acylhydrazines the solvent system preferred was the upper layer from isoamyl alcohol, acetic acid, and water in the volume proportions of 10:1.5 :10 respectively. The upper layer from a mixture of n -butyl alcohol, acetic acid, and water in the volume proportions of 4 : 1 : 5 respectively, was preferred for the alkylhydrazines. For detection of the hydrazine derivatives on the chromatogram a spray of p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde hydrochloride in ethanol (Ehrlich's reagent) was most satisfactory, although ammoniacal silver nitrate or ninhydrin could be used in some cases.
Regenerative Simulation with Internal Controls

Abstract : A new variance reduction technique is introduced called internal control variables, to be used in the context of regeneration simulations. The idea is to identify a sequence of control random variables, each one defined within a regenerative cycle, whose mean can be calculated analytically. These controls should be highly correlated with the usual quantities observed in a regenerative simulation. This correlation reduces the variance of the estimate for the parameter of interest. Numerical examples are included for the waiting time process of an M/M/1 queue and for several Markov chains. (Author)
Teflon and non‐Teflon Lined Dies: Effect on Spaghetti Quality

Six samples of semolina, milled from durum wheats of varying quality, were extruded through Teflon and non-Teflon lined dies. Extruded spaghetti was evaluated for color and cooking quality. The effect of cooking time on cooking quality was also evaluated. Teflon extruded spaghetti had better appearance and cooking quality than its non-Teflon extruded counterpart. Strong gluten, whether in the Teflon or non-Teflon extruded products, improved cooking quality and tolerance to over-cooking. Scanning electron microscopy of the outer surface of dry and cooked spaghetti elucidated, in part, the differences in appearance and cooking quality of the products extruded through both die forms.
Long-term effects of social rehabilitation in rhesus monkeys

A group of 19 rhesus monkeys was assembled and observed in a large outdoor pen. Five experimental groups were present: 3-year-old mother-peer reared monkeys, surrogate-rehabilitated isolates, socially-rehabilitated isolates, surrogate-peers (who had served as “therapists” for the preceding group), and 1-year-old mother-peers. The major results indicated first, that the surrogate-rehabilitated isolates played socially significantly less than both mother-peer groups, and second, that the group as a whole seemed to display an abnormally low overall level of behavior. Possible interpretations and theoretical implications are discussed.
Testing of pit and fissure sealants in the monkey

Abstract A pilot study was conducted employing the Macaca speciosa monkey to determine the retention and sealing ability of pit and fissure sealants in vivo. Several problems were encountered in the use of this animal model for this type of evaluation. Without doubt, the conditions to which the sealants were subjected in the monkey were more rigorous than those found in man. This is attested to by the lower rate of retention of sealants as compared to that found in studies on human beings. To increase the usefulness of animal studies of this type, additional research should be done to better establish the correlation between the behavior of sealants in the animal and in man. Nevertheless, certain pertinent observations were made, one of which is that in some instances where the sealant was retained on the teeth, the sealant-tooth interface was readily penetrated by an isotope solution.
Misspecifications in interaction model distance decay relations: A spatial structure effect

An exclusively statistical approach is proposed to address the spatial structure effects of general interaction models. It is shown that the spatial heterogeneity in the estimated region-specific distance decay parameters may in part be due to the combination of two factors: (a) a functional mis-specification of the global distance decay relationship; and (b) the heterogeneity in the region-specific conditional distance distributions. A properly specified global distance decay function allows controlling for these spatially induced biases in the local distance decay parameters. However, inherent multicollinearities between the set of region specific distance decay parameters and other estimated model parameters prevent an unambiguous interpretation. A key conclusion is that a proper model specification, in particular, the specification of the global distance decay relationship, is of paramount importance in interaction modeling and for accessibility studies.
After-school setting, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in 5th grade boys and girls

After-school hours are considered critical for children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB); however, whether the after-school setting influences children's activity patterns is unknown. This study examined the influence of after-school setting (i.e., parent report of the child's usual after-school setting) on 5th grade children's PA and SB, and differences by race/ethnicity. Boys whose parents reported they usually attended an after-school program had higher PA than boys who usually went home after school. A significant interaction between race/ethnicity and after-school setting showed that minority girls whose parents reported they usually attended an after-school program had higher PA and engaged in less SB compared with those who usually went home, whereas the activity patterns of white girls did not differ by after-school setting. Children's usual after-school setting affects their activity patterns; after-school programs may potentially increase PA in boys and minority girls.
IFN-γ priming of monocytes enhances LPS-induced TNF production by augmenting both transcription and mRNA stability

The induction of cytokine expression in monocytes/macrophages by bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide is a critical, highly regulated host defence response. The augmentation of LPS responses by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), referred to as priming, is well established. However, the mechanism(s) by which priming occurs is poorly defined. Using tumour necrosis factor (TNF) induction as a model, experiments were designed to analyse in detail the priming effect on the LPS response in human monocytes. Priming by IFN-gamma was primarily manifested at the level of TNF mRNA accumulation. IFN-gamma pre-treatment affected the magnitude rather than the sensitivity of the LPS response. Priming occurred after several hours of treatment, and the primed state was induced by either IFN-gamma or GM-CSF, but not M-CSF. Primed monocytes transcribed TNF mRNA at a higher rate than freshly isolated monocytes upon activation with LPS. The increased transcriptional rate correlated with a marked increase in nuclear factor-kappa B activity in these cells as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a consensus NF-kappa B oligonucleotide. An additional significant finding was than TNF mRNA induced in primed cells was much more stable than in unprimed cells (T1/2 increased 6-8-fold). Consistent with the increased mRNA stability, the duration of mRNA accumulation was longer following LPS stimulation in primed monocytes, in addition to being of greater magnitude. Finally, primed and unprimed cells possessed a differential sensitivity to the kinase inhibitor H-89. H-89 substantially suppressed LPS-induced TNF mRNA accumulation in unprimed cells, but had no effect on primed monocytes following LPS stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnetic properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Three hyperfine states of Bose-condensed sodium atoms, recently optically trapped, can be described as a spin-1 Bose gas. We study the behavior of this system in a magnetic field, and construct the phase diagram, where the temperature of the Bose condensation T{sub BEC} increases with magnetic field. In particular the system is ferromagnetic below T{sub BEC} and the magnetization is proportional to the condensate fraction in a vanishing magnetic field. Second derivatives of the magnetization with regard to temperature or magnetic field are discontinuous along the phase boundary. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
45,X/46,XY Mosaicism and Possible Association With Hypothyroidism in Males

Mosaicism has a wide phenotypic spectrum but frequently manifests as the normal male phenotype. Its association with short stature has been well recognized and appears to respond effectively to growth hormone therapy. We present 2 phenotypically normal males who both initially presented with short stature and were found to have hypothyroidism. They were treated for hypothyroidism but their growth did not improve as expected. Further testing revealed 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in both males. We propose that a potential link exists between 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and hypothyroidism, which has not been previously described in the literature. Furthermore, it may be beneficial to evaluate for other disorders such as 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in young males with short stature and hypothyroidism if their growth does not improve once they become euthyroid.
The impact of developmental speech and language impairments on the acquisition of literacy skills

Children with developmental speech/language impairments are at higher risk for reading disability than typical peers with no history of speech/language impairment. This article reviews the literacy outcomes of children with speech/language impairments, clarifying the differential risk for three groups of children: speech production impairments alone, oral language impairments alone, and speech production and oral language impairments. Children at greatest risk for reading and writing disabilities are children with language impairments alone and children with comorbid speech impairments and language impairments. For children with speech impairments alone, there is limited risk for literacy difficulties. However, even when reading skills are within the average range, children with speech impairments may have difficulties in spelling. Children with language impairments are likely to display reading deficits in word decoding and reading comprehension. It is not clear what role early literacy interventions play in the amelioration of reading difficulties in these populations.
22q13 Deletion Syndrome: An Update and Review for the Primary Pediatrician

Recent advances in genetic testing can help to provide a specific diagnosis to children born with syndromes that result in congenital anomalies and developmental delay. One such emerging condition is the 22q13 deletion syndrome. With the introduction of subtelomeric fluorescence-in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, the 22q13 deletion has become recognized as a relatively widespread and underdiagnosed cause of mental retardation. Primary-care physicians play an important role in the care of children with 22q13 deletion syndrome, from suspecting the diagnosis in a developmentally delayed child through the medical, developmental, and behavioral aspects of their care. Furthermore, they serve as a valuable source of support and advocacy for the family and a resource for other care providers. The remainder of this article addresses the current state of knowledge regarding 22q13 deletion syndrome and offers the primary-care physician a framework in which to provide care and information.
Insulin response sequence-dependent and -independent mechanisms mediate effects of insulin on glucocorticoid-stimulated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 promoter activity.

IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) gene expression is stimulated by glucocorticoids and suppressed by insulin in the liver. Insulin response sequences (IRSs) mediate effects of insulin on basal promoter function, whereas glucocorticoids stimulate promoter activity through a contiguous glucocorticoid response element. Here we examined the role of IRS-dependent and -independent mechanisms in mediating insulin and glucocorticoids effects on IGFBP-1 promoter activity. Dexamethasone (Dex) stimulates IGFBP-1 promoter activity in HepG2 cells, and mutation of IRSs reduces this effect, indicating that IRS-associated factors enhance glucocorticoid effects on promoter function. Conversely, insulin inhibits basal promoter activity by 40% and Dex-stimulated promoter activity by 65%, indicating that glucocorticoids enhance the ability of insulin to suppress promoter activity. Mutation of IRSs completely disrupts the insulin effect on basal promoter activity and reduces but does not abolish inhibition of Dex-stimulated pro...
The Arf and Rab11 effector FIP3 acts synergistically with ASAP1 to direct Rabin8 in ciliary receptor targeting

Primary cilia have gained considerable importance in biology and disease now that their involvement in a wide range of human ciliopathies has been abundantly documented. However, detailed molecular mechanisms for specific targeting of sensory receptors to primary cilia are still unknown. Here, we show that the Arf and Rab11 effector FIP3 (also known as RAB11FIP3) promotes the activity of Rab11a and the Arf GTPase-activating protein (GAP) ASAP1 in the Arf4-dependent ciliary transport of the sensory receptor rhodopsin. During its passage out of the photoreceptor Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN), rhodopsin indirectly interacts with FIP3 through Rab11a and ASAP1. FIP3 competes with rhodopsin for binding to ASAP1 and displaces it from the ternary complex with Arf4–GTP and ASAP1. Resembling the phenotype resulting from lack of ASAP1, ablation of FIP3 abolishes ciliary targeting and causes rhodopsin mislocalization. FIP3 coordinates the interactions of ASAP1 and Rab11a with the Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rabin8 (also known as RAB3IP). Our study implies that FIP3 functions as a crucial targeting regulator, which impinges on rhodopsin–ASAP1 interactions and shapes the binding pocket for Rabin8 within the ASAP1–Rab11a–FIP3 targeting complex, thus facilitating the orderly assembly and activation of the Rab11–Rabin8–Rab8 cascade during ciliary receptor trafficking.