cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recycling performance of firms before and after adoption of the ISO 14001 standard

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of ISO 14001 certification on recycling performance. The research is based on a survey conducted on a sample of certified industrial companies that operate in United States. The paper reveals that companies’ recycling performance is significantly positively affected by certification. The paper also reveals that earlier certified companies experience better recycling performance than more recently certified companies. Finally, the paper shows that smaller firms experience greater improvement in recycling performance than larger firms due to ISO 14001 certification.
Cruelty to Animals and the Short- and Long-Term Impact on Victims

SUMMARY Research indicates that various types of childhood abuse occurring in violent families (e.g., physical or emotional abuse) do not happen in isolation. Clients often describe experiencing multiple forms of maltreatment in childhood, and research indicates an increased severity of symptoms with each added form of abuse. Regardless of the kinds of abuse perpetrated against them, clients report similar short- and long-term effects. It is proposed that witnessing, being threatened with, or forced to commit animal abuse constitutes an important form of abuse. Similar to the impact of other forms of abuse, comparable short- and long-term effects could exist for both the human and nonhuman survivors of animal abuse. Recommendations for addressing the trauma of animal abuse are offered.
A Comparative Study of Curved Flow and Density-Stratified Flow

Abstract A semi-empirical theory, used to predict buoyancy effects in a density-stratified and shear-driven flow, is also applied to the case of a boundary layer with curvature. Curved flow data are available and interesting in their own right since it can be seen that the Reynolds stress is reduced to zero at a critical “curvature Richardson” number predicted reasonably well by the theory.
An extensive pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicological review of elderly patients under intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of poorly differentiated and immature blast cells in bone marrow and blood circulation. The initiation of intensive chemotherapy is necessary to control further progression of the disease. Therapeutic success is less common in older patients (> 65 years) than it is in younger patients with AML. Cytarabine in combination with an anthracycline has been the mainstays of AML therapy for many years and continues to serve as the foundation for the current standard therapeutic regimen.Areas covered: This review discusses the pharmacokinetic (PK), metabolic and toxicological issues associated with antileukemic agents used to treat elderly patients (> 60 years) with AML.Expert opinion: Profound and predictable changes often occur with age and can have effects on drug metabolism, PK and toxicity with consequences bearing on overall efficacy. Few studies focus specifically on elderly patients with AML, but m...
Analysis of homeland security and economic survey using special missions unmanned aerial vehicle utilities

Infrastructure protection [1] has become obvious that the successful use of unmanned aerial vehicles is now a requirement in homeland security. The success lies with the fact that these vehicles collect and process data, gather intelligence, and execute commands with feedbacks. The feedbacks are sent to different platforms for further analysis, which reveals that the infusion of such technology into homeland security management is a strong statement of needs and purpose. To meet the challenges posed by technology modeling in homeland security, a mission that measures or countermeasures terror plots must deploy a vehicle of a transportation system against the target-and-delivery systems (TADS) terrorists use in plotting and reaching their targets. This paper examined threats and counter responsibilities that require the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The objective is to identify domestic/international threats and special missions of UAVs that measures or counter-measures defined threats, without collateral loss or compromise of the safety and privacy of the general public. The result restricted UAVs' special missions to border counties if/when necessary. Acknowledgement: This material is based upon work supported by the US. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) under Grant Award Number 2008-ST-062-000003. The views and conclusions contained on this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. DHS
Client as Expert: Incorporating Spirituality Using the Tree Ring Technique

Addressing spirituality with clients from diverse spiritual backgrounds is a facet of culturally competent and ethical practice, yet various obstacles contribute to spirituality being overlooked. This article features a counseling technique used with clients who are experiencing difficulty with issues of a spiritual nature. Based on constructivist principles, the tree ring technique provides a context and process for examining clients’ spiritual conflicts, whereby the client is the expert and the counselor adopts a not-knowing stance.
Trapping of electromagnetic waves by nonlinear resonant interactions with ion sound waves

Electromagnetic wave trapping by nonlinear resonant interactions involving ion sound wave and two electromagnetic waves in isotropic plasma
Intra- and Intersectoral Growth of Industrial Wage in the World Economic Context

This paper presents intra- and intersectoral growth of industrial wage as two distinct dynamics of industrial wage change at the national level. The intra- and intersectoral growth rates of industrial wage computed for 47 countries during 1971-81 suggest that industrial workers in MDCs most rapidly improved wage levels both within industrial sectors and through their shift into better-paying sectors. LDCs showed the lowest level of intrasectoral growth although their intersectoral growth was slightly faster than that of socialist countries. The analysis of industrial wage determinants shows that international economic factors were conducive to both intra- and intersectoral growth of industrial wage in MDCs, but only to intrasectoral growth in LDCs. For LDCs, dependent development appears to be a limited option in bringing about the industrial restructuring into advanced sectors.
Induction and Inhibition of In Vivo Glucuronidation of Apomorphine in Mice

The effect of various inducers and inhibitors of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems was studied on the kinetics of apomorphine disappearance and of the appearance of apomorphine glucuronides. The generally claimed inducers, phenobarbital and testosterone, and inhibitors, β-diethylaminoethyl diphenylpropyl-acetate and actinomycin D, were found to have no significant effect on the metabolism of apomorphine. Estradiol, however, produced a significant inhibition of the metabolism. Apomorphine pretreatment for 3 days exhibited a definite induction of its own metabolism.
Solid State and Nuclear Results from a Mössbauer-Type Study of Au 197

Through the measurement of the hfs of dilute alloys of gold with iron, cobalt, and nickel, the magnetic moment of the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197}$ has been measured as +0.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08 nm. It was found that the hfs coupling constant in the alloys is closely proportional to the magnetic moment of the host ferromagnetic metal. The value of the effective hyperfine field for the iron alloy is ${H}^{\ensuremath{'}}=(1.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ gauss. A study of the isomer shift of the gold-nickel alloy system as its relates to ferromagnetism is presented. The recoilless absorption linewidth as a function of absorber thickness for metallic gold is given. The half-life of the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197}$ is found to be ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}=(1.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec.
High-pressure Polymorph of Zirconium Pyrophosphate

ZIRCONIUM pyrophosphate is one of a group of isostructural compounds of the Type X+4 P2O7 where X may be zirconium, hafnium, titanium, silicon, tin or uranium1,2. It is cubic (Type K61) with zirconium octahedrally, and phosphorus tetrahedrally, co-ordinated with oxygen. The structure may be compared with that of NaCl (Type B1) by considering the zirconium ions and P2O7 groups to be at sodium and chlorine sites, respectively.
Ascorbate-supported NADP photoreduction by heated Euglena chloroplasts.

Abstract The effect of heating of Euglena chloroplasts on various photooxidation-reduction activities has been studied. When the chloroplasts were heated for 5 minutes at 40 ° the Hill activity was abolished completely, but there was no significant inhibition of NADP photoreduction with reduced Euglena cytochrome-552 as electron donor. Interestingly, the addition of ascorbate restored the ability of the heated chloroplasts to photoreduce NADP as well as did the ascorbate-DPIP couple. However, the ascorbate-supported NADP photoreduction exhibited an intermediate sensitivity toward treatment of the chloroplasts at higher temperatures or for a longer duration of incubation, that is, lower than for the normal Hill reaction but higher than for the ascorbate-DPIP system. In addition, the ascorbate-supported NADP photoreduction by heated chloroplasts was sensitive to various poisons of the oxygen evolution system, but the ascorbate-DPIP system was not. A possible mechanism to account for heat inactivation of the Hill reaction and reactivation by ascorbate is presented.
Synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 2,5-piperazinediones: regioselective alkylation of piperazinedione derivatives

Abstract A variety of unsymmetrically substituted 2,5-piperazinediones have been synthesized by regioselective alkylation of piperazinedione derivatives.
Expression of a recombinant gag protein from endogenous avian virus and its use in screening for antibody reactivity in recipients of chick-derived vaccines

Virions incorporating endogenous avian virus (EAV) RNA have been identified in chick-derived biological products, including the vaccines used to protect against measles, mumps, and yellow fever. The presence of EAV in these vaccines raises safety concerns regarding transmission to vaccine recipients. Development of a serologic assay to detect antibodies to EAV required the discovery of a diagnostic EAV antigen and reactive antiserum. For this purpose, we have identified and expressed an EAV capsid sequence that was found to have a 66.9% amino acid identity to avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) p27 capsid. An AMV capsid antiserum that cross-reacted to the EAV protein in both Western blot (WB) and ELISA-based testing was selected as a positive control reagent. Using our assay, we evaluated sera from 200 measles-mumps-rubella (MMRII) and 43 yellow fever (YF(FIOCRUZ)) vaccine recipients and found none of the samples were reactive to EAV capsid. The results support a lack of EAV infection in the vaccine recipients.
Dendritic Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cell Activation and Epithelial Injury in Experimental Biliary Atresia

Biliary atresia is the most common cholangiopathy of childhood. During infancy, an idiopathic activation of the neonatal immune system targets the biliary epithelium, obstructs bile ducts, and disrupts the anatomic continuity between the liver and the intestine. Here, we use a model of virus-induced biliary atresia in newborn mice to trace the initiating pathogenic disease mechanisms to resident plasmacytoid (pDCs) and conventional (cDCs) dendritic cells. We found pDCs to be the most abundant DC population in the livers of newborn mice, and we observed pDCs in the livers of infants at the time of diagnosis. In the livers of newborn mice, cDCs spontaneously overexpressed the costimulatory molecule CD80 soon after birth, and pDCs produced the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) in response to a virus insult. Both subtypes of primed DCs were required for the proliferation of T lymphocytes and the activation of natural killer cells. Disruption of this cellular network by depletion of pDCs or blockade of IL-15 signaling in mice in vivo prevented epithelial injury, maintained anatomic continuity of the bile duct, and promoted long-term survival. These findings identify cellular triggers of biliary injury and have implications for future therapies to block the progression of biliary atresia and liver disease.
A discrete linear chirp transform (DLCT) for data compression

Compressive sensing attempts to simplify the frequency transformation and thresholding steps, commonly done in data compression, into one. Sparseness of the signal, in either time or frequency, is required for the convex optimization in compressive sensing to perform well. Although sparseness of certain signals, in either time or frequency, is guaranteed by the uncertainty principle signals composed of chirps are not however sparse in either domain. In this paper we propose an orthogonal linear-chirp transform, the discrete linear chirp transform (DLCT), to represent any signal in terms of linear chirps, with modulation and dual properties. Using the DLCT the sparseness of the signal in either time or frequency can be assessed, and if not sparse in neither of these domains, the modulation and dual properties of the DLCT provide a way to transform the signal into a sparse signal. The application of the proposed DLCT is in data compression. The transformation is illustrated by using sparse and not sparse test signals as well as actual signals.
The Effect of Acute Hypertension on Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressures in a Canine Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction with a Preserved Ejection Fraction and Elevated Left Ventricular Filling Pressures

Background Decompensated heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is often accompanied by hypertensive episodes. We hypothesized that acute increase in arterial pressure results in elevated early and late diastolic LV pressures as a result of further impaired LV relaxation. Methods To test this hypothesis, we used a chronic canine model of LV systolic dysfunction with preserved LV function (LVDPEF) (EF > 50%) and elevated LV end-diastolic pressure using coronary microsphere embolization. At baseline and with LVDPEF, each dog was paced 10 beats above their baseline heart rate and high-fidelity LV pressures, echocardiographic LV volumes, and transmitral Doppler were obtained before and after methoxamine pressure loading. Results With normal LV function, LV pressures at peak negative dP/dt (+18 mm Hg, P P P P P P P P P P P P Conclusions Pressure loading with normal LV function and with LVDPEF results in increased LV diastolic pressures, which are further exaggerated with LVDPEF as a result of prolonged relaxation and shortened diastolic filling.
A frequency domain approach to characterize and analyze wind speed patterns

This paper introduces the frequency domain approach to characterize and analyze wind speed patterns. It first presents the technique of and the prerequisite conditions for the frequency domain approach. Three years of wind speed data at 10 different locations have been used. This paper demonstrates that wind speed patterns during different times and at different locations can be well characterized by using the frequency domain approach with its compact and structured format. We also perform analysis using the characterized dataset. It affirms that the frequency domain approach is a useful indicator for understanding the characteristics of wind speed patterns and can express the information with superior accuracy.
Improving sports skills and sportsmanship in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

ABSTRACT Children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often display deficiencies in communication skills, social competence, and emotional regulation. Many parents report that these difficulties are especially obvious in the context of sports participation. These children are more likely to experience social problems and be less athletically competent than their peers. Thus, sports skills and sportsmanship training may be beneficial to children diagnosed with ADHD. In the present study, a multi-component skills and behavior management program was developed in the context of a sports-skills camp. In the first component of the study, the efficacy of basketball skills training was examined for two boys. Results indicate that the training decreased dribbling errors but had no effect on shooting performance. In a second component, a token system was implemented to increase sportsmanlike behaviors and suppress unsportsmanlike behavior for three study participants. The contingencies pl...
Effects of nerve growth factor and its antibodies on sprouting of sensory axons following spinal cord hemisection

Axons were counted in rat dorsal roots three segments cranial and three segments caudal to a spinal hemisection done at birth. The animals were placed in three groups: (1) hemisected (HEMI), (2) hemisected and given nerve growth factor (NGF) daily (HEMI + NGF) and (3) hemisected and given antibodies to NGF daily (HEMI + anti-NGF). They were sacrificed at 1 month. In the HEMI and HEMI + NGF groups, there were 20% and 13% more unmyelinated axons, respectively, in roots of the operated side. We interpret these differences to be the result of sprouting of unmyelinated axons as a result of denervation, and exogenous NGF does not seem to affect the response. By contrast, the unmyelinated axon responses in HEMI + anti-NGF animals are different. These animals have approximately 7% more unmyelinated axons on the denervated side and 50% more axons on the normal side than in the other animals we studied. The results on the anti-NGF animals are interpreted as indicating sprouting in response to a chemical denervation caused by NGF removal and the response is more dramatic on the unoperated side.
Vortices in complex scalar fields

Abstract Consider a spatially extended field which evolves in time according to a PDE. The solutions contain particle-like defects whose motions are parts of the full dynamics. We inquire into the formulation of an asymptotic “particle + field” defect dynamics which derives from the full PDE. We carry out this program for two complex scalar field equations in two space dimensions, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and the nonlinear heat equation. The topological defects are zeros of the complex scalar field with nonzero integer winding numbers, called vortices . Vortices evolving under the nonlinear Schrodinger equation behave like point vortices in ideal fluid. Pairs of vortices evolving under the nonlinear heat equation with like (opposite) winding numbers undergo a repulsive (attractive) interaction.
Proton-induced fine-structure transitions in O IV

Proton-impact excitation of fine-structure transitions in ${\mathrm{O}}^{3+}^{2}P^{0}$ ions is studied in a quasimolecular representation. The $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ and $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ states of the O${\mathrm{H}}^{4+}$ molecule formed by the approach of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{3+}^{2}P^{0}$ are represented with self-consistent-field wave functions which include the effects of polarization. Accurate, close-coupled solutions of the nuclear scattering equations are obtained and used to assess the accuracy of some approximate scattering descriptions. The elastic approximation is found to overestimate the cross sections at all energies. The Coulomb-Born approximation is accurate at both high and low energies but greatly overstimates the cross sections at intermediate energies. A simple unitarity correction to the Coulomb-Born approximation reduces the errors substantially. For high partial waves, the Coulomb-Born approximation is satisfactory at all energies and cross sections for fine-structure excitation by proton impact can be calculated accurately and efficiently with the use of a combination of close-coupled and Coulomb-Born results. Cross sections accurate to within 25% can be obtained with very little computational effort by a combination of the elastic and Coulomb-Born approximations.
Drug use among college females: socio-demographic and social psychological correlates.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether socio-demo-graphic and social psychological variables are related to college female drug use. A questionnaire was administered to 38 female drug users and 93 female nonusers. All the participants in this study were undergraduates at the University of Vermont. Of the 37 socio-demo-graphic and social psychological variables tested by the chi square technique, statistically significant differences between drug users and nonusers at the 0.01 level were found for 10 of the variables. Drug users and nonusers were differentiated according to attitudes toward legalization of marijuana use and marijuana use as an enhancer of creativity; present religious affiliation; similarity of own religious affiliation and that of each parent; extent and nature of religious interest; initiation into alcohol use; previous use of cigarettes; frequency of current cigarette smoking; and initiation into cigarette smoking.
RINT-1, a Novel Rad50-interacting Protein, Participates in Radiation-induced G2/M Checkpoint Control

Rad50, an structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family member, participates in a variety of cellular processes, including DNA double-strand break repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, telomere maintenance, and meiosis. Disruption of Rad50 in mice leads to lethality during early embryogenesis, indicating its essential function in normal proliferating cells. In addition to its ability to form a complex with the DNA double-strand break repair proteins Mre11 and NBS1, Rad50 may interact with other cellular proteins to execute its full range of biological activities. A novel 87-kDa protein named RINT-1 was identified using the C-terminal region of human Rad50 as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Human RINT-1 shares sequence homology with a novel protein identified in Drosophila melanogaster, including a coiled-coil domain within its N-terminal 150 amino acids, a conserved central domain of about 350 amino acids, and a C-terminal region of 90 amino acids exhibiting 35--38% identity. The conserved central and C-terminal regions of RINT-1 are required for its interaction with Rad50. While Rad50 and RINT-1 are both expressed throughout the cell cycle, RINT-1 specifically binds to Rad50 only during late S and G(2)/M phases, suggesting that RINT-1 may be involved in cell cycle regulation. Consistent with this possibility, MCF-7 cells expressing an N-terminally truncated RINT-1 protein displayed a defective radiation-induced G(2)/M checkpoint. These results suggest that RINT-1 may play a role in the regulation of cell cycle control after DNA damage.
Employment law : An introduction for physicians

Employment laws have redefined the modern workplace, affecting virtually every step from hiring to firing. Appropriate distribution of benefits in many cases requires medical consultation. This article briefly reviews employment law and suggests a model for medical management.
Effects of altered Clock gene expression on the pacemaker properties of SCN2.2 cells and oscillatory properties of NIH/3T3 cells

While peripheral tissues and serum-shocked fibroblasts express rhythmic oscillations in clock gene expression, only the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is capable of endogenous, self-sustained rhythmicity and of functioning as a pacemaker by imposing rhythmic properties upon other cells. To differentially examine the molecular elements necessary for the distinctive rhythm-generating and pacemaking properties of the SCN, the effects of antisense inhibition of Clock expression on the rhythms in 2-deoxyglucose uptake and Per gene expression were compared in immortalized SCN cells and a fibroblast cell line. Similar to changes in molecular and physiological rhythmicity observed in the SCN of Clock mutant mice, the rhythmic pattern of Per2 expression was disrupted and the period of metabolic rhythmicity was increased in SCN2.2 cells subjected to antisense inhibition of Clock. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cocultured with antisense-treated SCN2.2 cells showed metabolic rhythms with comparable increases in period and decreases in rhythm amplitude. Per2 expression in these cocultured fibroblasts exhibited a similar reduction in peak levels, but was marked by non-24 h or irregular peak-to-peak intervals. In serum-shocked NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, oscillations in Per2, Bmal1, and Cry1 expression persisted with some change in rhythm amplitude during antisense inhibition of CLOCK, demonstrating that feedback interactions between Clock and other core components of the clock mechanism may be regulated differently in SCN2.2 cells and fibroblasts. The present results suggest that CLOCK is differentially involved in the generation of endogenous molecular and metabolic rhythmicity within SCN2.2 cells and in the regulation of their specific outputs that control rhythmic processes in NIH/3T3 cells.
Report on 2010 IPMHVC

The 2010 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC) was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 23-27, 2010. Downtown Atlanta provided a unique sightseeing opportunity, with the CNN Headquarters, the Georgia Aquarium, the World of Coca-Cola, the Centennial Olympic Park, and the Georgia Dome only a few steps away from AmericasMart, in which the technical sessions were held. The adjacent Westin Peachtree Plaza served as the conference hotel. The conference was fully sponsored by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society and technically cosponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society and the IEEE Electron Devices Society.
The nonlinear prefiltering and difference of estimates approaches to edge detection: applications of stack filters

Abstract The theory of stack filtering, which is a generalization of median filtering, is used in two different approaches to the detection of intensity edges in noisy images. The first approach is a generalization of median prefiltering: a stack filter or another median-type filter is used to smooth an image before a standard gradient estimator is applied. These prefiltering schemes retain the robustness of the median prefilter, but allow resolution of finer detail. The second approach, called the Difference of Estimates (DoE) approach, is a new formulation of a morphological scheme [Lee et al., IEEE Trans. Robotics Automat. RA-3, Apr. 1987, 142-156, Maragos and Ziff, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(5), May 1990.] which has proven to be very sensitive to impulsive noise. In this approach, stack filters are applied to a noisy image to obtain local estimates of the dilated and eroded versions of the noise-free image. Thresholding the difference between these two estimates yields the edge map. We find, for example, that this approach yields results comparable to those obtained with the Canny operator for images with additive Gaussian noise, but works much better when the noise is impulsive. In both approaches, the stack filters employed are trained to be optimal on images and noise that are "typical" examples of the target image. The robustness of stack filters leads to good performance for the target image, even when the statistics of the noise and/or image vary from those used in training. This is verified with extensive simulations.
Strain and crystallographic orientation effects on the valence subbands of wurtzite quantum wells

We present a derivation of the $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6$ valence band Hamiltonian valid for general $[h0\mathrm{il}]$ oriented III-V wurtzite strained substrates. The derivation is performed within the exact envelope function theory approach in which the $\mathrm{k\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}$ operators are written in an ordered form when the Hamiltonian is applied to wurtzite superlattices. The choice of suitable basis functions for the $(h0\mathrm{il})$ growth direction, written in terms of those for the typical (0001) case, allows us to define the heavy-, light-, and split-off-hole states in a transparent way and without ambiguities. The Hamiltonian for the $(101\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0)$ oriented crystals is provided explicitly. The main differences between the bulk and superlattice $(\mathrm{k\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}$-ordered) Hamiltonians are contrasted. As an application, numerical calculations of the subband dispersion of ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}}_{x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}$ quantum wells for various directions are presented and discussed. We show that inclusion of strain effects and the properly $\mathrm{k\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}$-ordered Hamiltonian are essential in an accurate description of the valence subbands of quantum wells in these systems.
Three-dimensional steady supersonic duct flow using Lagrangian formulation

In this paper, numerical simulation of three-dimensional supersonic flow in a duct is presented. The flow field in the duct is complex and can find its applications in the inlet of air-breathing engines. A unique streamwise marching Lagrangian method is employed for solving the steady Euler equations. The method was first initiated by Loh and Hui (1990) for 2-D steady supersonic flow computations and then extended to 3-D computation by the present authors Loh and Liou (1992). The new scheme is shown to be capable of accurately resolving complicated shock or contact discontinuities and their interactions. In all the computations, a free stream of Mach numberM=4 is considered.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Mental Health Care Utilization of Fifth Grade Children

Disparities exist in mental health care utilization for black and Hispanic children; the disparity for black children is independent of sociodemographics and child mental health need. Efforts to reduce this disparity may benefit from addressing not only access and diagnosis issues, but also parents' help-seeking preferences for mental health care for their children.
PHENYLBORIC ACID, A CHEMICAL AGENT SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF THE LANCEOLATE GENE IN THE TOMATO'

A B S T R A C T Lanceolate, a spontaneously occurring mutant in the tomato, which has 1 dosage of the mutant gene, causes a change in the shape of the leaf from the odd-pinnately compound leaf characteristic of the normal tomato plant to a simple, much-reduced in size lanceolate leaf. Homozygous mutant plants, which have 2 dosages of the mutant gene, exhibit extreme lanceolate features, producing a simple narrow leaf, similar in shape to the lanceolate leaf but much smaller in size. The mutant allele of the lanceolate gene causes, in addition to the change in leaf form, the increase in activities of the following oxidative enzymes: tyrosinase, laccase, peroxidase and catalase. The lanceolate gene exhibits a dosage effect with respect to these enzymes, homozygous lanceolate showing the highest activity; heterozygous -lanceolate, an intermediate; and normal, the lowest activity. Treatment of germinating normal tomato seeds with phenylboric acid simulated the effect of the mutant allele of the lanceolate gene with regard to both the induction of a lanceolate leaf and the increase in the activity of the above 4 oxidative enzymes; phenylboric acid treatment resulted in relatively higher increase in the activities of the oxidative enzymes in normal and heterozygous lanceolate than in homozygous lanceolate. A direct and close relationship existed between the shape of the leaf and the activity of the enzymes during leaf development. It is suggested that the mutant allele of the lanceolate gene, as well as phenylboric acid, induces an increase in activity of the oxidative enzymes and that this increase in enzyme activities brings about the orderly change in form.
Stress-tensor trace anomaly in a gravitational metric: General theory, Maxwell field

The renormalization of the vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of a scalar field propagating in a curved space-time with an arbitrary metric was discussed in a previous paper. A new regularization scheme was introduced which employs a continuation in the dimensionality of space-time implemented with a proper-time representation of the Green's function. Here we present a more general formulation of this method which clarifies its basic features and which explicitly displays the stress tensor as the metric functional derivative of the one-loop action functional. We apply this more general formulation to both the scalar field theory and to the electrodynamic, Maxwell theory. Although the trace of the stress tensor formally vanishes both for the massless scalar field and for the Maxwell field, the trace of the renormalized vacuum expectation value of the stress tensor does not vanish for either theory. These finite-trace anomalies cannot be removed by adding a finite local counterterm into the Lagrange function. The anomalies are intimately related to the infinite scalar counterterms that are needed to render the action finite.
SmartSim: An object oriented simulation program generator for manufacturing systems

SUMMARY SmartSim is a simulation environment that can be used by manufacturing engineers as a computer aided design tool for designing manufacturing systems. SmartSim has been found to increase the ease with which simulation models can be constructed and modified. It is able to accomplish this due to the synergy of an icon-based user interface, availability of interactive animation, support for an object-oriented simulation world view, inheritance, a built-in taxonomy of simulation objects, and facilities for subsystem construction, archiving and reuse.
Distribution of Research Gains in Multistage Production Systems: Further Results

The "marketing" sector in Muth's single-stage model is disaggregated in to two sequential stages: "processing" and "distribution. "Comparative statics are used to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for farmers to gain from downstream research. The farm benefits are shown to depend crucially on the stage in "marketing" to which research is directed.
Effects of short-time Artemia spp. feeding in larvae and different rearing environments in juveniles of common barbel (Barbus barbus) on their growth and survival under intensive controlled conditions

The effect of short-time Artemia spp. feeding on growth performance and cumulative survival rate of barbel (Barbus barbus) larvae were studied under controlled aquaria conditions during the 21-day larval period. Three different diets (presenting reduced Artemia feeding) were tested for first exogenous nutrition of larvae (since 13 days post hatch): (1) artificial feed (Asta); (2) Artemia nauplii for 7 days followed by artificial feed; (3) Artemia nauplii for 14 days fol- lowed by artificial feed. The longer period of live food statistically improved growth of larvae (W = 174 ± 20 mg and SGR = 14.5 ± 0.5% d −1 ). The artificial dry food Asta without the addition of Artemia nauplii caused statistically decreased growth (W = 135 ± 22 mg and SGR = 13.1 ± 0.7% d −1 ). However, the growth of larvae with the short period of Artemia nauplii (W = 153 ± 25 mg and SGR = 13.8 ± 0.7% d −1 ) did not differ compared to either group. All used feeding diets did not have a significant effect on the cumulative survival rate of larvae ranging from 73 ± 1% to 74 ± 1% at the end of the larval rearing period. The effects of the rearing environment on growth performance and survival rate of juveniles were tested under intensive controlled conditions in aquaria and troughs for 84 days following the larval period (from 34 to 118 dph). The envi- ronment of the troughs caused significantly decreased growth (W = 2079 ± 433 mg and SGR = 3.1 ± 0.05% d −1 )o f juveniles compared to ones reared in aquaria (W = 3236 ± 264 mg and SGR = 3.6 ± 0.1% d −1 ) at the end of the juvenile rearing period. Nevertheless, rearing environment did not have a significant influence on the cumulative survival rate of barbels (S C = 90 ± 4% and 81 ± 3% in aquaria and troughs, respectively).
Balancing permanency and stability for youth in foster care

Abstract Youth aging out of the foster care system are at risk for poor outcomes. Little is known about the etiology of these outcomes. However, placement instability may be one contributor. Permanency planning as a policy was well-intentioned. However, for adolescents likely to age out of care, the policy may actually contribute to placement instability. A review of the elements of permanency reveals a complex concept which emphasizes continuity of relationships. Federal permanency legislation and state policy may be in conflict with this goal, especially for youth who age out of care. We review the challenges faced by youth aging out of care, their placement histories, permanency planning as a policy and practice, and suggest modifications to permanency planning to facilitate the development and maintenance of the stable social networks essential for successful transitions to adulthood.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Sloshing at Simulated Low Gravity

Liquid sloshing at simulated low gravity in rigid cylindrical tank, noting analytical model and experimental results
Electrically Induced Carrier Transport

WHEN the transport of a solute across a membrane is augmented as a result of a reversible reaction with a carrier which shuttles between opposite faces of the membrane, the process is called facilitated transport. This phenomenon is of interest because it occurs in a wide variety of biological membranes1, and because it may have important practical application in improving the performance of immobilized liquid membranes used for gas separations2,3. A recent mathematical and experimental investigation of facilitated transport4 included measurements of the rate of transport of nitric oxide in the steady state through thin films of ferrous chloride solution, across which there was a pressure difference in the nitric oxide. In the present investigation, which is an extension of that work, it was found that by a process of electrically induced carrier transport it was possible to pump nitric oxide through a liquid film across which there was no pressure difference in the nitric oxide.
Conformational analysis and helical preferences of normal and α,α‐dialkyl amino acids

Energy calculations have been performed on right-handed helical structures of L-alanine and α-methylalanine oligomers. A new ′3.610′-helix is described for α-methylalanine peptides. The dependence of the relative stability of the α, 310, and 3.610 structural forms on helix length, dielectric, and force-field, in the gas phase, has been studied. Potential energy surfaces for the interconversion of helices have been generated. The 310-helix in α-methylalanine oligomers exhibits a degree of enthalpic and entropic stabilization not observed for alanine. The relevance of the results to the formation of voltage-sensitive ion channels is discussed.
The role of the student in the higher education production function

Increasing concern with productivity and efficiency in service industries such as higher education has created interest in cost analysis techniques, implicit in which must be some notion of the production function, that is, the technology by which inputs are combined to produce outputs. In order to clarify the existing confusion in higher education between inputs and outputs, and to offer aid in understanding the complex issues of productivity and efficiency, this paper offers a paradigm of the student as an economic entity analogous to the profit-maximizing firm in microeconomic theory. The paper concludes by suggesting an extension of the model to include the faculty member as an individual economic agent.
Nozzle and wing geometry effects on OTW aerodynamic characteristics

The effects of nozzle geometry and wing size on the aerodynamic performance of several 5:1 aspect ratio slot nozzles are presented for over-the-wing (OTW) configurations. Nozzle geometry variables include roof angle, sidewall cutback, and nozzle chordwise location. Wing variables include chord size, and flap deflection. Several external deflectors also were included for comparison. The data indicate that good flow turning may not necessarily provide the best aerodynamic performance. The results suggest that a variable exhaust nozzle geometry offers the best solution for a viable OTW configuration.
Gender-Biased Data in Survey Research Regarding Wildlife

Underrepresentation of females among respondents to mail surveys focused on wildlife is a growing concern for survey researchers. In an effort to better understand why females are underrepresented, we analyzed the sample frame of a wildlife-focused survey for which a notable disparity existed between the number of male and female respondents in relation to actual population figures. An analysis of the sample frame used for this study indicated that male bias existed that likely contributed to female underrepresentation among survey respondents. Suggestions are made for improving sampling frames to minimize gender bias.
Training of the neurologist for the 21st century.

The worst cost of the new-fangled modes of computerized literature search is the best pleasure of literacy, browsing. By the old-fashioned process of turning tattered pages, I came upon a SPECIAL ARTICLE entitled "Training of the Neurologist," by F. M. R. Walshe, 1 MD, FRCP, in the 1933 volume of the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry . When I suggested to the chief editor that its republication would display to modern readers a persuasive and better written product than any current offering, he excepted only his own editorials. He was skeptical as to whether it is possible any longer even to housebreak, much less train a neurologist, but he did invite me to write an article and to "quote [Walshe] extensively." Walshe's persuasive Shavian rhetoric demonstrates the inevitable risk of educating an Irishman to spell and write English. (Homologous proud afflictions of leadership in American Neurology are professors Joseph M. Foley
Assessment of low prostate weight as a determinant of a higher positive margin rate after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective pathologic study of 1,500 cases.

Background The assessment of prostate weight as a determinant of a high prostate margin rate after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has not been studied.
Relation of S2 Schistosity to Metamorphosed Clastic Dikes, Rangeley-Phillips Area, Maine

In the Rangeley-Phillips area of Maine, a section of lower Paleozoic clastic sedimentary rocks that may be more than 35,000 feet thick has been tightly folded along northeast-trending axes, intruded by large plutons, and variably metamorphosed. Two generations of schistosity are recognized. The older schistosity, S 2 , pervades pelitic strata in most of the area and grades from slaty through phyllitic cleavage to schistosity, roughly with increasing metamorphic grade. It is typically nearly parallel to axial surfaces of the major folds of the area. At several localities thinly tabular metasandstone and metashale dikes are about parallel to S 2 . They are best developed near the axial surfaces of folds, but are present along fold limbs as well, and have been found in all the major pelitic units of the area. Metasandstone dikes, the largest of which are about half an inch thick, at least 6 feet high, and of unknown horizontal extent, characteristically extend downward from graded beds of metasandstone. Some are paired with metashale dikes that extend upward from metashale beds along refracted cleavage in metasandstone. At places folded beds of meta-sandstone are penetrated by many closely spaced paper-thin to half- inch-thick metashale dikes, producing a compositional cleavage lamination. The discovery of similar clastic dikes approximately parallel to slaty cleavage in the slates of the Delaware Water Gap area of Pennsylvania and New Jersey led J. C. Maxwell to the conclusion that slate exposed there is an end product of compression, folding, compaction, and dewatering of a thick mass of rapidly subsiding, nearly impermeable pelitic sediments. This process, which may be called tectonic compaction, best explains S 2 schistosity in the Rangeley-Phillips area. It was followed here, however, by metamorphism, which was accompanied by growth of micas and other minerals parallel to the old S 2 fabric, producing phyllites and schists. Later the rocks were sheared and metamorphosed again, which caused younger slip cleavage and schistosity, S 3 , in the manner proposed by W. S. White in Vermont.
The bio-politics of bodies politic: nature and intertextuality in classic US geopolitical discourse

This paper is a discourse analysis of classic US geopolitical texts which appropriate metaphors of the body to describe the state and its defense. While critical political geographers have demonstrated the role of naturalist epistemologies in classic geopolitics, I contribute to critical geopolitics literature by further examining the discursive economy of naturalism within which US geopolitical discourse is embedded. More specifically, I employ the concept of intertextuality, as theorized by Julia Kristeva and Roland Barthes in the 1960s, as a key analytical tool. In doing so, I argue that invocations of the ‘body politic’ in 20th century geopolitical texts are a version of bio-politics informed by a proliferating bio-medical discourse over a similar time period. I furthermore argue that such metaphors serve to naturalize territorialized national identities and create a spatial abstraction of a nationalized self in opposition to foreign ‘others,’ a discursive strategy used frequently to justify militaristic state policies. This paper, then, also adds to literature on militarism and the environment by further analyzing the discursive construction of the state in relation to an essentialized, abstracted nature.
Psychomotor Coordination of Auditory and Visual Space at Birth

Before it was 10 minutes old, a human neonate was able to turn its eyes in the direction of an auditory stimulus. This demonstrates that learning is not essential for a crude form of auditory localization, directional oculomotor response, and coordination of auditory and visual functioning.
Characterization of Glassy State Relaxations in Styrene and Methacrylate Based Nonlinear Optical Materials

Sub-Ts relaxations in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and in narrow molecular weight polystyrene (PS) thin films with and without second order nonlinear optical dyes have been examined using time domain dielectric spectrometry. Dyes used include 4-[N, N-dimethylamino]-4’-nitrostilbene (DANS) and 4-[N-ethyl, N-hydroxyethylaminoJ-4’-nitroazobenzene (DR1) at a level of 0.19 mole percent. In dye/PS blends, dye relaxations are seen to occur at frequencies similar to the frequencies of the pd-relaxation of pure PS below the glass transition temperature. Analysis of the glassy phase dispersion leads us to conclude that, at near room temperature, appreciable dye reorientation occurs on a time scale of a few seconds. This dye reorientation is coupled to the dynamic motions of the localized polystyrene subunits. Experiments using dye in PMMA did not conclusively reveal dye motions because of the intrinsically large dispersion of PMMA itself. The pd-relaxation frequency range is higher in the PMMA dye/polymer blend than in dye-containing PS implying dye reorientation would likewise occur more rapidly than in PS. Our results indicate that the randomization of dye orientation observed in a dye/polymer system depends on the rapid, local chain motions which continue at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature, as well as on the long range, slow relaxations associated with the glass-to-rubber transition.