cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biology and Novel Targets in Metaplastic Breast Cancer

Metaplastic breast cancer represents a spectrum of histologic subtypes with the common feature of divergent morphologic differentiation. Most of these subtypes are associated with chemotherapy resistance and an increased likelihood of developing distant metastatic disease, which has been associated with a poor prognosis. However, recent molecular characterization has indicated that some metaplastic cancers may respond to targeted therapy regimens currently undergoing evaluation in early phase clinical trials. In this review, the pathologic characteristics and epidemiology of metaplastic breast cancer are discussed along with novel therapeutic agents that may augment standard chemotherapy for this intriguing type of breast cancer.
Parity-Violating Hyperon Decays in SU(3)

It is shown that any $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ model with (i) $\mathrm{CP}$ invariance, (ii) the weak current in an octet, and (iii) vanishing decuplet contributions, reproduces the experimental results on the parity-violating hyperon decays in terms of one parameter. Beyond the $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=\frac{1}{2}$ restrictions, such a model gives three relations among the remaining four independent observable amplitudes, which are well satisfied experimentally.
Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma: reappraisal of a recently described anatomic subset.

BACKGROUND Primary pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare neoplasm and a recently recognized anatomic subset. Its clinicopathologic attributes are not yet well defined. METHODS In this study, the clinical and histopathologic features of 12 SS arising in the lung and/ or pleura were analyzed. RESULTS The neoplasms occurred in 7 men and 5 women, 20–72 years old (median, 31 years), were well circumscribed with a mean size of 7.2 cm, and involved either lung (9 cases), pleura (2 cases), or both (1 case). All the tumors were of monophasic type. Nine showed a classic spindle cell pattern, and three showed predominantly poorly differentiated features. All but one case showed at least focal positivity for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), a finding characteristic of this tumor. The lack of EMA staining in one case, proven by electron microscopy to be SS, was attributed to the scarcity of material available for immunohistochemical stains. The diagnosis was proven cytogenetically in three cases. Within 2 years, local recurrence developed in 8 patients (75%), 3 of whom developed metastasis (25%). Five patients died of their disease within 2.5 years, 4 of them from uncontrolled local disease. CONCLUSIONS The authors conclude that pleuropulmonary SS, although rare, represents a distinct anatomic subset having pathologic features similar to those of its soft tissue counterpart. Its clinical behavior appears more aggressive, perhaps because of relatively later presentation combined with the difficulty in obtaining a wide surgical margin. Cancer 2002;94:459–69. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
DNA binding affinity and sequence permutation preference of the telomere protein from Euplotes crassus.

Telomere end binding proteins from diverse organisms use various forms of an ancient protein structure to recognize and bind with single-strand DNA found at the ends of telomeres. To further unders...
Secret identity crisis: comic books and the unmasking of Cold War America

by Matthew J. Costello, New York, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009, 293 pp., US$24.95 (paperback), ISBN 978‐0‐8264‐2998‐8 Matthew Costello’s Secret Identity Crisis joins several other...
Conduction properties of the hexagonal tungsten bronze, Rb x W O 3

Studies of the electrical transport properties---resistivity, Hall effect, and Seebeck coefficient---of the hexagonal tungsten bronze ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{x}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ for $0.16l~xl~0.33$ are reported for the temperature range from 1.5 to 300 K. In the normal state, these properties show temperature-dependent anomalies which suggest a phase transition with temperature. The temperature at which this transition occurs is shown to depend on the Rb concentration, exhibiting a sharp maximum near $x=0.25$. As the Rb concentration is decreased below $x=0.33$ the superconducting transition temperature first increases above the value of 1.94 K at $x=0.33$ and then decreases to less than 1 K at $x=0.24$. As the Rb concentration is lowered further a second increase in ${T}_{c}$ is observed. This behavior appears to be associated with a phase transition at a composition near $x=0.25$. The nature of neither the transition with temperature nor the transition with concentration could be precisely determined. The superconducting state shows a large temperature-independent 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} anisotropy in ${H}_{c2}$ in the plane perpendicular to the hexagonal axis and positive curvature in the temperature dependence of ${H}_{c2}$ near ${T}_{c}$.
On linear systems and higher dimensional gauge fields

Abstract Complete solvability of a linear system corresponds in a certain case to a particular reduction of the gauge group SO(4n) to Sp(1)× Sp(n) Z 2 . This leads to a local classification theorem of certain holomorphic bundles on CP2n+1.
A nuclear power plant status monitor: RAPID/PSM software

Abstract This paper discusses Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) newly developed software, RAPID/PSM, under the project: Use of SRA methods for enhancing plant operational safety and productivity. An overview of this research project is provided along with a detailed discussion of the design and operation of, and lessons learned from, the RAPID/PSM software development and demonstration activity.
Evidence for Involvement of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Norepinephrine-Induced Prostaglandin E<and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Release from the Median Eminence*

Studies were conducted to determine if the stimulatory effect that norepinephrine (NE) exerts on the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and LHRH from the median eminence is mediated by alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptors. Incubation of median eminence fragments from adult male rats with different concentrations of phentolamine, an alpha-receptor antagonist, resulted in a dose-related inhibition of the release of both PGE2 and LHRH induced by NE, with an IC50 of 3.5 X 10(-7) and 0.9 X 10(-7) M for PGE2 and LHRH, respectively. Complete suppression of the NE effects was observed with a phentolamine concentration of 5 X 10(-6) M. This dose also reduced basal PGE2 and LHRH release. In contrast to phentolamine, the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol, tested at a concentration of 5 X 10(-6) M, was completely ineffective in altering the stimulatory effect of NE on either PGE2 or LHRH release. Moreover (and as previously observed for LHRH), blockade of dopaminergic receptors with Pimozide (10(-6) M) failed to inhibit the release of PGE2 induced by NE, thus indicating that the stimulatory effect of NE is not mediated by a dopaminergic mechanism. It is concluded that NE stimulates the release of PGE2 and LHRH from nerve terminals of the median eminence by first interacting with an alpha-adrenergic receptor.
A case-based system for process planning

Abstract Process planning is the phase of manufacturing that is concerned with the selection, and sequencing of manufacturing operations necessary to transform an initial stock material into a finished part. It is a tedious operation that requires highly skilled and experienced personnel of which there is currently great shortage. To disseminate the costly expertise and to reduce process planning times, which tend to add high costs to small batch production, many automated computer systems have been introduced and applied. All these systems, though, require the supervision of an experienced human being and fail to capture the knowledge and reasoning behind process planning decisions. The causes of the lack of an efficient automatic system for process planning are the unique characteristics of the domain. In contrast to other areas where knowledge-based and expert systems have been applied, process planning demands the solution of several different planning problems before a final solution is achieved. Every change introduced to the previous world model creates a completely new world model with its own, new constraints and preconditions that nedd to be satisfied. This, in turn, affects the applicability of the knowledge to the new model. To provide solutions to the above problems we have designed a prototypical knowledge-based system that uses the high level, dynamic memory structures of MOPs (Memory Organization Packages), meta-MOPs and TOPs (Thematic Organization Packets) to rearrange its knowledge according to its experiences and to predict and avoid errors. To model the dynamic, sharable knowledge and the constantly changing world model a knowledge-representation language named TOLTEC has been designed and used in the system. Furthermore, we propose a novel planning method based on abstract plans and constraints that can solve planning problems in uncertain domains given incomplete information.
Freezing Points of Bulking Agents Used in Manufacture of Low-Calorie Frozen Desserts

Freezing points of solutions of polydextrose, polydextrose partially neutralized with potassium hydroxide, sorbitol, and microcrystalline cellulose at concentrations commonly used in frozen desserts were compared with those of similar concentrations of sucrose. Solutions of polydextrose and polydextrose partially neutralized with potassium hydroxide exhibited higher freezing points. Freezing points of sorbitol solutions were lower and microcrystalline cellulose had no measurable effect on freezing point. Most bulking agents affect freezing points; thus, addition to frozen dessert mixes must be regulated carefully.
4-Hydroxytamoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen, does not alter the radiation sensitivity of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells irradiated in vitro

The effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OH-TAM), the potent anti-estrogenic metabolite of tamoxifen, on the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells irradiatedin vitro was determined. Radiation dose response curves were generated for MCF-7 cells maintained and irradiated in phenol red-free medium containing 10−10 M estradiol (E2) with or without 10−7 M 4OH-TAM. Immediately after irradiation cells were transferred to medium containing 10−10 M E2 supplemented with bovine serum to stimulate colony formation. Estradiol-stimulated cell proliferation was inhibited by 10−7 M 4OH-TAM, but radiation sensitivity was not significantly altered (p > 0.3). Continued incubation in the absence of E2 for an additional 24 hours after irradiation likewise failed to alter the radiosensitivity of 4OH-TAM-treated MCF-7 cells. These studies indicate that growth-inhibitory concentrations of the anti-estrogen 4OH-TAM do not modify thein vitro radiation sensitivity of this line of human breast carcinoma cells.
THE DEPTH OF THE NUCLEON-NUCLEUS OPTICAL POTENTIAL

Abstract A correction term to the depth of the local optical potential derived by Kerman, McManus, and Thaler is obtained. This contribution results from improvements in the procedure by which the nonlocal potential is approximated by a local one. Numerical estimates of this term are made, demonstrating that its inclusion gives a better agreement with experiment. Also obtained and compared with the experiment are expressions for the asymptotic values of the real and imaginary parts of the local nucleon-nucleus potential as the energy of the incident particle becomes large.
The X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus: Structure of a Thin Smectic Liquid Crystal Film Under Confinement

An x-ray surface forces apparatus for simultaneously measuring forces and structures of confined complex fluids under static and flow conditions is described. This apparatus, combined with an intense synchrotron x-ray source, allows investigation of molecular orientations within a thin liquid crystal film confined between two shearing mica surfaces 3900 angstroms apart. The layer-forming smectic liquid crystal 8CB (4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl) adopted a series of distinct planar layer orientations, including the bulk flow-forbidden b orientation.
Continuous-time stochastic Mirror Descent on a network: Variance reduction, consensus, convergence

The method of Mirror Descent (MD), originally proposed by Nemirovski and Yudin in the late 1970s, has recently seen a major resurgence in the fields of large-scale optimization and machine learning. In a nutshell, MD is a primal-dual method that can be adapted to the geometry of the optimization problem at hand through the choice of a suitable strongly convex potential function. We study a stochastic, continuous-time variant of MD performed by a network of coupled noisy agents (processors). The overall dynamics is described by a system of stochastic differential equations, coupled linearly through the network Laplacian. We address the impact of the network topology (encoded in the spectrum of the Laplacian) on the speed of convergence of the “mean-field” component to the optimum. We show that this convergence is particularly rapid whenever the potential function can be chosen in such a way that the resulting mean-field dynamics in the dual space follows an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
Effect of ambient extracellular glutamate on Drosophila glutamate receptor trafficking and function

Measurements suggest that the hemolymph glutamate concentrations in Drosophila are relatively high. This raises the possibility that extracellular glutamate could be an important regulator of glutamatergic transmission in vivo. Using voltage clamp electrophysiology, we found that synaptic currents in D. melanogaster larval neuromuscular junctions are reduced by extracellular glutamate (EC50: ~0.4 mM), such that only 10–30% of receptors were functionally available in 1 mM extracellular glutamate. The kinetics of synaptic currents were also slowed in a dose-dependent fashion (EC50: ~1 mM), consistent with the idea that extracellular glutamate preferentially removes the fastest-desensitizing receptors from the functional pool. Prolonged exposure (several hours) to extracellular glutamate also triggers loss of glutamate receptor immunoreactivity from neuromuscular junctions. To determine whether this receptor loss requires that glutamate bind directly to the lost receptors, we examined glutamate-dependent loss of receptor immunoreactivity in larvae with glutamate receptor ligand binding mutations. Our results suggest that glutamate-dependent receptor loss requires binding of glutamate directly to the lost receptors. To determine whether lost receptor protein is degraded or merely redistributed, we used immunoblots. Results suggest that glutamate receptor protein is redistributed, but not degraded, after prolonged exposure to high extracellular glutamate.
Design and field tests of an 8-W sum-frequency laser for adaptive optics

ABSTRACT The design and characteristics of an 8 watt diode laser pumped version of the sum frequency laser designed for astronomy isdescribed together with an outline of field tests undertaken on the NOAO Vacuum Telescope Tower at Sac Peak. Opticalpumping effects were shown to increase the return by a factor of 2.5 subarcsecond beacons were produced with a brightnessequal to a 9.2 magnitude star with 1 .2 watts incident at the sodium layer under sodium abundance column density of 5 x109 atoms/cm2.Keywords: adaptive optics, laser beacons, sumfrequency laser 1. INTRODUCTION The use of CW dye lasers to generate compact sodium beacons was first demonstrated at Yerkes rvry2 and has proved to be a convenient way of generating sodium beacons for infra-red adaptive optics systems '& Much higher powers havebeen achieved with quasi-CW pulsed dye lasers built at LLNL 5. However there are substantial advantages in using pulsedlasers with a repetition period longer than the transit time of light to the sodium layer to generate the sodium beacon. Firstly,the pulse can be gated by the detector and this allows complete suppression of Rayleigh scattering from the lower atmosphereand secondly, because the CCD can be read out as soon as the pulse has traversed the atmosphere, the effective time delay inthe adaptive optics servo is reduced, increasing the servo bandwidth by about 50%
Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. In vitro effect of contraceptive steroids on human mammary cell growth

The growth responses were measured of human mammary epithelial cells from 59 normal nonmalignant atypical and malignant breast specimens in tissue culture with oral contraceptive steroids. The steroid levels 0.1 mcg/ml for estrogens and 1.0 mcg/ml for progestins were taken from dose response curves so that the lowest steroid doses found to stimulate maximum growth in control cell lines were chosen. These concentrations were 3 times the serum estrogen level and 4 times the progesterone level of late pregnancy. Growth was assessed by daily area measurements of cells attached to culture vessels known to be proportional to cell numbers and expressed either as proportion of stimulated cultures or as doubling times. Stimulated growth was highly individual especially in response to progestins. Growth was generally stimulated by ethinyl estradiol alone and in combination and by 17B-estradiol but not by mestranol. Most (75%) of the malignant cultures responded to at least 1 progestin but nonmalignant cells usually did not. The progestins progesterone norethindrone norgestrel and norethinodrel stimulated most of the malignant cultures. Ethynodiol diacetate was less active and mestranol inhibited growth of 1 specimen. Proliferative response to estrogens was rather well correlated with presence of estrogen receptor but that to progestins was unrelated to progesterone receptor. Malignant cells grew faster than nonmalignant cells from the same subject in the presence of 2 combinations: ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel and mestranol/norethindrone. This study demonstrated the ability of progestins alone to stimulate neoplastic cell growth in some cases more rapidly than normal tissue. This opens the possibility that oral contraceptive steroids could act as cancer promoters selectively stimulating the growth of a few previously transformed cancer cells. The relationship of the highly individualized and heterogeneous responses seen here to actual cells growing in vivo is unknown.
On Philosophy's "To Rethink" List: Causality, Explanation, and Ethics

Department of PhilosophyPrince George’s Community CollegePhilosophical issues such as causality, explanation, and ethics must be rethoughtin light of recent scientiﬁc research into self-organization, embedding in andsensitivity to context, distributed control, sensitivity to initial conditions andcontext, and other features of complex dynamical systems. Related philosophicaltopics about category boundaries, identity, individuation, and the self must alsobe reformulated in light of the new scientiﬁc developments.CAUSALITYFor centuries the classical Aristotelian tetrad of causes (efﬁcient, formal, mate-rial, and ﬁnal) served as the standard explanandato whichphilosophersappealedin order to understand any phenomenon. In the speciﬁc case of self-motion, thispanoply of causes gave thinkers a way to account for the intentional behaviorof organisms fully embedded in their environment. Rarely noticed at the time,however, were theimplicationsofAristotle’s otherprincipleconcerningcausalityin general—that nothing moves or changes itself qua whole.
Human powered submarine hull design

As a human powered submarine has a limited and small supply of input power, it is necessary to utilize this power as efficiently as possible. In order to achieve maximum speed, losses form both surface and form drag on the outside of hull must be minimized. To design a hull well suited to human power, several key analyses are required. A well-designed hull shape can arise from considerations of pilot ergonomics, internal components space requirements, and hydrodynamic effects. Throughout the design process, examination of possible construction methods must be made. Additionally, the final hull design must be structurally robust to stand up to mounting of variety of internal components, repeated use, and resulting stresses.
Inherent Regulation of Continuous Current Circuits

This paper discusses the voltage changes, inherent in d-c. circuits, upon change of load. These variations are independent of i r drops or speed of prime movers. A simple means of mitigating their effect is given.
Subunit architecture of the Golgi Dsc E3 ligase required for sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage in fission yeast.

The membrane-bound sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors regulate lipogenesis in mammalian cells and are activated through sequential cleavage by the Golgi-localized Site-1 and Site-2 proteases. The mechanism of fission yeast SREBP cleavage is less well defined and, in contrast, requires the Golgi-localized Dsc E3 ligase complex. The Dsc E3 ligase consists of five integral membrane subunits, Dsc1 through Dsc5, and resembles membrane E3 ligases that function in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Using immunoprecipitation assays and blue native electrophoresis, we determined the subunit architecture for the complex of Dsc1 through Dsc5, showing that the Dsc proteins form subcomplexes and display defined connectivity. Dsc2 is a rhomboid pseudoprotease family member homologous to mammalian UBAC2 and a central component of the Dsc E3 ligase. We identified conservation in the architecture of the Dsc E3 ligase and the multisubunit E3 ligase gp78 in mammals. Specifically, Dsc1-Dsc2-Dsc5 forms a complex resembling gp78-UBAC2-UBXD8. Further characterization of Dsc2 revealed that its C-terminal UBA domain can bind to ubiquitin chains but that the Dsc2 UBA domain is not essential for yeast SREBP cleavage. Based on the ability of rhomboid superfamily members to bind transmembrane proteins, we speculate that Dsc2 functions in SREBP recognition and binding. Homologs of Dsc1 through Dsc4 are required for SREBP cleavage and virulence in the human opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Thus, these studies advance our organizational understanding of multisubunit E3 ligases involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and fungal pathogenesis. Background: Fungal sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage requires the Golgi Dsc E3 ligase complex of undefined structure. Results: Biochemical and bioinformatic analyses provide insight into Dsc E3 ligase architecture, indicating that Dsc2 is a ubiquitin-binding rhomboid pseudoprotease. Conclusion: The five Dsc E3 ligase subunits form subcomplexes and display defined connectivity. Significance: Multisubunit E3 ligase complexes in the ER and Golgi exhibit conserved subunit organization.
A multistage linear receiver approach for MMSE detection in massive MIMO

A key property of a Large-scale MIMO, also known as "massive MIMO" is the orthogonality among channels when the number of antennas at the base station becomes large. Utilizing this property, when using MMSE detection method, instead of dealing with the true matrix inversion operation, which has a cubic computation complexity, it has been suggested that we can simply approximate the matrix inverse by the inversion of its diagonal elements. However, we show in this paper that this naive or diagonal inversion will not perform well under some certain circumstances even if there are hundreds of base station antennas. Motivated by these two facts, we make a tradeoff between detection accuracy and computation complexity and propose a low-complexity detector based on Multistage Linear Receiver. Using the optimized coefficient at each stage, we show that this kind of detector performs well even with low number of stages and accounts for lower computation complexity.
Postembryonic changes in the structure of the olfactory bulb of the chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) across its life history.

Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) memorize odors characteristic of their natal stream, then use these imprinted olfactory cues to return to that same stream years later as sexually mature adults. In a preliminary effort to identify neuroanatomical changes in the salmon olfactory system that may underlie these behavioral capabilities, the structure of the olfactory bulb (OB) was studied at three developmental periods across the life history: in early juvenile development (0.1-4 months of age), in late juvenile development (11-16 months), and as spawning adults (48 months). Using antibodies that selectively label primary olfactory afferents (anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin), combined with a thionin counterstain, the telencephalon (TEL), OB, and two of the bulb's laminar components, the olfactory nerve-glomerular layer (ONL-GL) and inner cell layer (ICL), could be easily identified. Laminar organization and relative volume (i.e. percent of OB comprised by ONL-GL or ICL) were then compared across groups, and absolute volumes of the OB, ONL-GL, and ICL were compared to that of the TEL at each stage. Three age-related processes were observed across the life history. First, a rapid increase in organizational and structural maturity of the OB was found to be confined to early juvenile life. Second, an increase in OB, ONL-GL, and ICL volume, relative to TEL volume, was found to occur across the entire life history. Lastly, the composition of the OB itself changed, in that an increase in the relative volume of the ONL-GL, and a decrease in that of the ICL, were observed across the life history. Taken together, these results indicate that the OB of young salmon matures dramatically while the fish is still in the freshwater phase of its life history. Then, during migration to the ocean and growth to the adult stage, the volume of the OB, relative to that of the telencephalon, and the relative volume of the input layer of the bulb, both undergo a marked, continuous increase. These changes in the structure, and presumably the function, of the olfactory bulb of salmon may be important in the behavioral phenomena of olfactory imprinting as juveniles and homing as adults.
New waves in light microscopy

The light microscope is an icon of the sciences, but its sophistication and usefulness have had a far from linear evolution. During the last decade great progress in fluorescent probe design, light source and detector technology, and computers have contributed to a revolutionary increase in the capabilities of light microscopy, turning it from a static, 2D tool into a dynamic, 3D means of studying live biological specimens. We believe that the next wave in light microscopy is based on automation and improved spatio-temporal resolution. Our work on multimode robotic microscopy and standing wave-excited fluorescence microscopy is presented here. The former allows simultaneous imaging with several modes of light microscopy and good specimen control (temperature, displacement, chemistry), while the latter affords an axial resolution significantly improving on confocal microscopy and, for the first time, exceeding transverse resolution. Examples of biological information obtainable solely by these advances are also given.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cryptanalysis of a public key system based on Diophantine equations

C.H. Lin, C.C. Chang and R.C.T. Lee proposed a new public key cipher system whose security was intended to rest on the fact that solving certain kinds of Diophantine equations is difficult. We show that their cipher system can be broken in polynomial time without solving any Diophantine equations. Our method readily gives an explicit bound on the number of bit operations needed to recover any message from its corresponding ciphertext. The cryptanalysis is carried out by solving certain linear congruences derived from the ciphertext and the public key.
Structural Changes After Anterior Capsulotomy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Stereotactic anterior capsulotomy in five patients with intractable obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) resulted in progressive clinical improvement which correlated with serial magnetic resonance imaging evidence of progressive local and distant alterations in brain structures. Volumetric changes were noted in the caudate, mamillary body, thalamus, hippocampal formation, and the lesion site in the anterior limb of the internal capsule. These changes support the hypothesis of a neuroanatomic substrate for OCD.
All-optical stopping and quantum coherent storage of light

We show that light pulses can be stopped and stored all-optically, with a process that involves an adiabatic and reversible pulse bandwidth compression occurring entirely in the optical domain. Such a process overcomes the fundamental bandwidth-delay constraint in optics, and can generate arbitrarily small group velocities for any light pulse with a given bandwidth, without the use of any coherent or resonant light-matter interactions. We exhibit this process in optical resonator systems, where the pulse bandwidth compression is accomplished only by small refractive index modulations performed at moderate speeds. The optically achievable ultra low speeds can also generate extremely large non-linearities using non-resonant interactions, and thus enable decoherence-free single photon quantum gates.
Status Report on Electric Heat Tracing Standards Writing Activities

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1981 Joint Power Generation Conference for the purpose of educating and updating the industry as to what IEEE Standards have been and are. being prepared for use in designing and installing electric heat tracing systems in generating stations. The paper gives a brief description and explanation of electric heat tracing systems and how they are used, and then moves on to discussions of-IEEE Std. 622-1979, IEEE P622A, and proposed IEEE P622B. The discussions of the above listed standards cover such areas as the reasons for producing the standards, history of their development, controversial aspects of the standards and industry acceptance of the standards. Also discussed in this paper are plans of the Working Group for the development of future IEEE Standards.
Autonomy as Second Nature: On McDowell's Aristotelian Naturalism

The concept of second nature plays a central role in McDowell's project of reconciling thought's external constraint with its spontaneity or autonomy: our conceptual capacities are natural in the sense that they are fully integrated into the natural world, but they are a second nature to us since they are not reducible to elements that are intelligible apart from those conceptual capacities. Rather than offering a theory of second nature and an account of how we acquire one, McDowell suggests that Aristotle's account of ethical character formation as the acquisition of a second nature serves as a model that can reassure us that thought's autonomy does not threaten its naturalness. However, far from providing such reassurance, the Aristotelian model of second nature actually generates an anxiety about how the acquisition of such autonomous conceptual abilities could be possible.
Coordinating Report Functions from Online Systems: A Philosophic Essay

ABSTRACT A pragmatic design-analysis philosophy of online management report features and functions is articulated for the efficient and useful compilation of all kinds of synoptic and detail-oriented online reports. Principles, practices, and possibilities are expounded for acquiring, assembling, analyzing, and appraising online management reporting features and functions. A variety of the many reports which library managers could acquire from various online library systems and applications are considered. The twin indexing and cataloging concepts of precoordination and postcoordination are used here to characterize a methodology of designing, utilizing, and comparing management report features from online sources. This subdiscipline of library-information science is defined by the author as “reportology.” This essay is not a comprehensive survey of the particulars of downloading information into microcomputer applications, of mainframe “plumbing” report specifications, or a compendium of management repor...
Transformation Optics Using Graphene

Metamaterials and transformation optics play substantial roles in various branches of optical science and engineering by providing schemes to tailor electromagnetic fields into desired spatial patterns. We report a theoretical study showing that by designing and manipulating spatially inhomogeneous, nonuniform conductivity patterns across a flake of graphene, one can have this material as a one-atom-thick platform for infrared metamaterials and transformation optical devices. Varying the graphene chemical potential by using static electric field yields a way to tune the graphene conductivity in the terahertz and infrared frequencies. Such degree of freedom provides the prospect of having different "patches" with different conductivities on a single flake of graphene. Numerous photonic functions and metamaterial concepts can be expected to follow from such a platform.
Aqueous Behavior of Chromium in Coal Fly Ash

Determination experimentale des concentrations en chrome en equilibre avec plusieurs varietes de cendres volantes ayant des proprietes chimiques differentes et verification de l'adequation entre les donnees thermochimiques reliees aux concentrations et les reactions chimiques specifiques se produisant a l'interieur des cendres volantes
Some Aspects of Cathode-Follower Design at Radio Frequencies

Pertinent high-frequency design data including the circuit gain, the gain phase angle, the input impedance in resistive and reactive components, and the maximum allowable input signal voltage may be determined quickly from simple design charts derived by approximations which are applicable over a wide range of frequency and circuit parameters. The only circuit quantities required for use of the charts are the magnitude and phase angle of the cathode load impedance, the internal tube capacitances, and the grid-to-plate transconductance of the tube at the operating point. A discussion of the effects of the grid-to-cathode capacitance on circuit operation at high frequencies is presented, including a critical analysis of the source impedance. It is shown that the source impedance may be greatly affected by the impedance of the grid driving source unless remedial measures are taken. Various circuit changes which reduce or eliminate the undesirable effects of the grid-to-cathode capacitance are offered with discussion and analyses.
Design of a Digital Controller for Spinning Flexible Spacecraft

An approach to digital control system design is applied to the analysis and design of a practical onboard digital attitude control system for a class of spinning vehicles characterized by a rigid body and two connected flexible appendages. The approach used is to design a continuous-data control system that will provide a satisfactory system response. Then, using the digital redesign method, a digital controller with onboard digital computer is designed to provide a digital control system whose states are similar to those of the continuous system at sampling instants. The simplicity of application of this approach is indicated by example. The example, using spinning Skylab parameters, is used to substantiate the conclusions.
The effects of neonatal stunting on the development of rats: effects of early single dose cortisone on dental development and maturation of nursling and mature rats.

Summary: Lags in eruption schedules were evident at age 21 days in all molar teeth of rats given a single dose of cortisone acetate at age 4 days. The abnormalities were most pronounced in the second and third molars. Although there were no anatomic coronal variations of first and second molars, delays in root development and crown and root mineralization were quite apparent in treated animals. The most striking changes occurred in the third molars. Differences between control and treated animals in mandibular third molar dimension were significant (P < 0.001). Alterations in third molar crown morphology were also noted in treated animals. These included reductions in size or total absence of the mesiobuccal cusps and the buccal grooves. Cusp height, in general, appeared more diminutive and less ordered anatomically. Calcification and eruption were also considerably delayed. It is apparent that the histo- and morphodifferentiation periods in the development of this tooth were affected.
Telling a new story of pre-modern geography Challenges and rewards

In his article ‘Geography's medieval history: A neglected enterprise?’, Keith Lilley (2011) raises important questions about the place of medieval geography in contemporary scholarship, and his ana...
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of plastid mRNA levels in higher plants.

Abstract Accumulation of many plastid mRNAs, but not the relative transcription of their genes, changes considerably during chloroplast development and plastid differentiation. The independence of transcription activity and mRNA accumulation suggests the existence of mechanisms that can modulate the stability of individual plastid mRNAs during plant development. Inverted repeat sequences in the 3′ nontranslated regions of most genes form the 3′ end of processed mRNAs and may be structural components involved in RNA-protein interactions that could dictate mRNA stability.
Paradoxical effects of stimulation on normal neonates

Abstract To determine the effects of unimodal and multimodal stimulation on early development and maternal perception of newborn behavior, 81 full-term healthy newborns were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental or control conditions. An expanded Solomon four-group design was used, resulting in a 2×4 factorial analysis. Unimodal stimulation was provided through daily performance of a stroking procedure, whereas multimodal stimulation was offered through use of a multisensory hammock during expected sleep cycles. At the end of a 1-month intervention period, the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI) were administered and weight gain was assessed. On the Brazelton Scale, treated infants showed less mature orientation, motor, and state regulation behaviors than the control group. Weight gain was not enhanced. A positive correlation was found between quantity of multimodal stimulation and favorable maternal perception of infant behavior.
Pipelined Volterra filter

A pipelined realisation for a kth order Volterra filter is introduced. Although it needs input data broadcasting, the realisation uses a minimum number of simple identical processing elements (PEs), produces a fixed output delay equal to the order of the filter, and is suitable for implementing adaptive Volterra filters.
Synthesis of [6″-3H]-, (6″-2H)- and (2-2H)-maltotriose

Abstract To prepare labeled precursors for biosynthetic studies, methods for the specific introduction of tritium and deuterium into the reducing and the terminal glucose unit of maltotriose were developed. Thus [6″-3H]- and (6″-2H)-maltotriose (17) and (18) were prepared via selective methoxytritylation, deprotection and subsequent modified Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation, followed by reduction with sodium borotritiide or sodium borodeuteride, respectively. A simple two step procedure utilizing the Lobry de Bruyn/van Ekenstein transformation gave (2-2H)maltotriose (20).
Hot Zones Formation and Dynamics in Long Adiabatic Packed-Bed Reactors

Transversal (normal to the flow direction) hot zones have been reported to form in packed-bed reactors. While hot zones may form due to local nonuniformities in the local activity or porosity, they...
Isolated Partial Anomalous Venous Connection: A Congenital Defect with Late and Serious Complications

The cases of 3 patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with intact atrial septum are reported. The 2 adult patients had evidence of severe pulmonary artery hypertension with markedly increased pulmonary vascular resistance indicating advanced pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. This confirms earlier limited observations and emphasizes the potential for this congenital lesion to develop late, serious complications. In view of this potential, surgical repair of the anomaly should be considered whenever it is found. Descriptions of a successful operative approach are included.
A Classification System for the Data of Personality Psychology and Adjoining Fields

Classes of data are often distinguished according to whether the person produces them, as is the case with self-report data or according to the type of test that produces them, for example, ability...
A critical evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline induced ethanol preference in rats

Abstract It has been reported [30] that certain tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds, especially salsolinol and tetrahydropaveroline (THP) when infused into the lateral ventricle of rats' brains results in increased preference for alcohol solutions. The effect is reported to be long-term, in that animals do not return to baseline drinking even months later. The current report provides a replication of the original experiments and also extension of the work to complete dose-response curves for salsolinol and THP. Generally we have confirmed that rats of the Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans strains do increase their alcohol intake in response to infused THP or salsolinol and that the effect is long lasting, up to 10 months. Such animals consume less alcohol at concentrations above 20% than below, in contrast to the previous reports where drinking was maintained at high concentrations of alcohol. While the animals will select alcohol in the face of a saccharin choice, they will not drink alcohol adulterated with quinine. We have failed to observe signs of dependence or withdrawal by these techniques and suggest that the original reports of these signs may have been a result of cellular damage caused by the long-term infusions. Additionally we have carried out extensive dose-response experiments with both salsolinol and THP. Doses of THP of 104 nmoles/day were inhibitory to alcohol drinking. We conclude that these compounds do shift these animals preference for alcohol relatively permanently, but not to the point of gross intoxication nor into the highly aversive range of alcohol concentration. We cannot confirm the reports that salsolinol or THP produce withdrawal symptoms when infused.
Calcium-dependent adhesion is necessary for the maintenance of prosomeres.

Cell adhesion has been suggested to function in the establishment and maintenance of the segmental organization of the central nervous system. Here we tested the role of different classes of adhesion molecules in prosencephalic segmentation. Specifically, we examined the ability of progenitors from different prosomeres to reintegrate and differentiate within various brain regions after selective maintenance or removal of different classes of calcium-dependent versus -independent surface molecules. This analysis implicates calcium-dependent adhesion molecules as central to the maintenance of prosomeres. Only conditions that spared calcium-dependent adhesion systems but ablated more general (calcium-independent) adhesion systems resulted in prosomere-specific integration after transplantation. Among the members of this class of adhesion molecules, R-cadherin shows a striking pattern of prosomeric expression during development. To test whether expression of this molecule was sufficient to direct progenitor integration to prosomeres expressing R-cadherin, we used a retroviral-mediated gain-of-function approach. We found that progenitors originally isolated from prosomere P2 (a region which does not express R-cadherin), when forced to express this molecule, can now integrate more readily into R-cadherin-expressing regions, such as the cortex, the ventral thalamus, and the hypothalamus. Nonetheless, our analysis suggests that while calcium-dependent molecules are able to direct prosomere-specific integration, they are not sufficient to induce progenitors to change their regional identity. While diencephalic progenitors from R-cadherin-expressing regions of prosomere 5 could integrate into R-cadherin-expressing regions of the cortex, they did not express the cortex-specific gene Emx1 or the telencephalic-specific gene Bf-1. Furthermore, diencephalic progenitors that integrate heterotopically into the cortex do not persist postnatally, whereas the same progenitors survive and differentiate when they integrate homotopically into the diencephalon. Together our results implicate calcium-dependent adhesion molecules as key mediators of prosomeric organization but suggest that they are not sufficient to bestow regional identities.
Existence of a Gap in the Electronic Density of States of a Tetrahedrally Bonded Solid of Arbitrary Structure

Rigorous bounds for the density of electronic states are given for an idealized model of a group-IV semiconductor based on the tight-binding method. These include inner bounds which define a minimum gap in the density of states. The importance of this development lies in its independence of periodicity. It applies not only to crystalline structures made up of tetrahedral bonds but also the random tetrahedral network which recent studies have suggested for amorphous Si and Ge.
A method for direct in vivo measurement of drug concentrations from a single 2H NMR spectrum

The use of 2H-labeled drugs provides a measure of drug concentration in situ directly from a single 2H NMR spectrum obtained with any antenna by correcting only for differential saturation effects. The limit of detection for a drug labeled with three equivalent deuterons is roughly 0.5 mM.
Functional connections among cortical regions: topography of EEG coherence

The covariance among EEG signals can be examined with coherence analysis. Evidence that the right hemisphere has a more diffuse receptotopic organization than the left, together with evidence that it may have a higher proportion of white to gray matter, suggests a high degree of functional connectedness among right hemisphere regions. To determine whether this is reflected in greater EEG coherence among right than left hemisphere locations, we constructed a matrix of cross-spectra among all unique pairs of EEG channels in an 8-channel montage, then statistically de-structured this matrix to examine multiple coherences and both inter- and intra-hemispheric partial multiple coherences. Analyses on data from the resting EEGs of 14 right-handed men examined weekly for several months showed higher coherences for right hemisphere locations. For the inter-hemispheric partial multiple coherences the frontal lobe values were also higher on the right, but the occipital inter-hemispheric coherences were higher on the left. These asymmetries have interesting parallels with anatomical asymmetries of the human cortex and may have functional implications.
Semi-empirical design equations for three-line microstrip coupler

Semi-empirical design equations for symmetrical three-line microstrip couplers (TMCs) have been developed. The approach is based on dividing the total capacitance of the system into various basic capacitances which are then calculated empirically and semi-numerically.