cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired endothelial regulation of vascular tone in patients with systemic arterial hypertension

The discovery of the endothelium as a major regulator of vascular tone triggered intense research among basic and clinical investigators to unravel the physiologic and pathophysiologic significance of this phenomenon. Importantly, endothelial modulation of the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle has been shown to be impaired in atherosclerosis and in several conditions known to be associated with the premature development of atherosclerosis. Studies in several different animal models of arterial hypertension, and in patients with both essential and secondary hypertension, have demonstrated an association between elevated systemic blood pressure and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. More recently, a diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a mechanism responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Different processes may, in turn, explain this decreased vascular activity of NO. The present review focuses on those clinical studies that are aimed at identifying the precise abnormality responsible for reduced NO-dependent vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension. Understanding of the basic mechanisms of this process may prove to be beneficial for the development of more specific therapies and ultimately for the outcome of hypertensive patients.
A Joint Model of Implicit Arguments for Nominal Predicates

Many prior studies have investigated the recovery of semantic arguments for nominal predicates. The models in many of these studies have assumed that arguments are independent of each other. This assumption simplifies the computational modeling of semantic arguments, but it ignores the joint nature of natural language. This paper presents a preliminary investigation into the joint modeling of implicit arguments for nominal predicates. The joint model uses propositional knowledge extracted from millions of Internet webpages to help guide prediction.
Automatically inf − sup compliant diamond-mixed finite elements for Kirchhoff plates

We develop a mixed finite-element approximation scheme for Kirchhoff plate theory based on the reformulation of Kirchhoff plate theory of Ortiz and Morris [1]. In this reformulation the moment-equilibrium problem for the rotations is in direct analogy to the problem of incompressible two-dimensional elasticity. This analogy in turn opens the way for the application of diamond approximation schemes (Hauret et al. [2]) to Kirchhoff plate theory. We show that a special class of meshes derived from an arbitrary triangulation of the domain, the diamond meshes, results in the automatic satisfaction of the corresponding inf − sup condition for Kirchhoff plate theory. The attendant optimal convergence properties of the diamond approximation scheme are demonstrated by means of the several standard benchmark tests. We also provide a reinterpretation of the diamond approximation scheme for Kirchhoff plate theory within the framework of discrete mechanics. In this interpretation, the discrete moment-equilibrium problem is formally identical to the classical continuous problem, and the two differ only in the choice of differential structures. It also follows that the satisfaction of the inf − sup condition is a property of the cohomology of a certain discrete transverse differential complex. This close connection between the classical inf − sup condition and cohomology evinces the important role that the topology of the discretization plays in determining convergence in mixed problems.
Anatomic Findings and Outcomes Associated With Arteriography and Thrombolysis for Acute Finger Ischemia

bone marrow then concentrated and injected intramuscularly into the ischemic limb. Results: BMA patients had a higher incidence of prior smoking (90% vs 43%; P < .05) with a trend towards fewer diabetics (47% vs 71%; P 1⁄4 .07). In the BMA cohort, 84% had rest pain and 79% had tissue loss. 68% had a prior bypass or endovascular intervention. Mean follow-up was 334 days (6170). A second BMA treatment was performed in 21% due to clinical deterioration. ABI improvement was 0.23 (60.25). Rest pain improved in 87.5% and completely resolved in 56%. Wound healing occurred in 67%. 3 patients went on to amputation (Freedom from major amputation or death at 1.5 years 89% vs 59% (Fig; P < .05). Conclusions: Bone marrow aspirate injection therapy is a potential option in CLI patients who are not candidates for bypass or endovascular intervention. Limb salvage is unexpectedly high in this population with few other options.
Direction-finding using a laboratory experimental array testbed

Describes the performance of several direction finding algorithms using a laboratory sensor array testbed, constructed at the University of Minnesota. In recent years, many 'high-resolution' direction-finding algorithms have been investigated using computer simulation and theoretical analysis. An experimental array testbed allows further evaluation of the capabilities and limitations of these algorithms. The system basically consists of a linear array of eight ultrasonic transducers and several transmitters operating at 40 kHz in air. Phase and gain errors, encountered in an actual array, require calibration in order to improve the results from 'high-resolution' direction-finding algorithms. Methods of calibration are described. Experimental results are presented, which compare the performance of several well known algorithms, including MUSIC, ROOT-MUSIC, MIN-NORM, ESPRIT, and a weighted norm version of MUSIC called WMUSIC. >
Pharmacological characterization of cardiac histamine receptors: sensitivity to H1-receptor antagonists.

The ability of five prototypic antihistamines (diphenhydramine, promethazine, cyclizine, chlorpheniramine and tripelennamine) to modify the cardiac actions of histamine was studied in order to determine the reactivity of cardiac histamine receptors. Histamine, as a function of dose, increases the rate, the force of contraction, the coronary flow and the time of atrioventricular conduction of the isolated guinea pig heart. Each of the five prototypic antihistamines failed to inhibit histamine-induced stimulation of cardiac rate and contractility. at the same time these antihistamines did inhibit the negative dromotropic effect of histamine. Chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine antagonized the coronary dilating effect of histamine. These results suggest that two types of histamine receptors may be present in the guinea pig heart: H1-receptors, at the atrioventricular node and coronary vessels; H2-receptors at the sinoatrial node and on the ventricular fibers. The activity of these prototypic antihistamines is consistent with their action exclusively on H1-receptors.
Optimal operating arrangements in the restructured world: economic issues

Study of economic implications of two quite distinct, alternative operating arrangements for electric supply industry : the mandatory pooling and the physical bilateral transactions
Waves in the Ocean and the Atmosphere: Introduction to Wave Dynamics

Anyone who has stood on a ship or a beach will recognize that wave motions are an essential element of the ocean environment. And in its deeps, along its margins and across its basins, the ocean seethes with a wide spectrum of slow-moving interior waves that are invisible to the casual eye of the surface observer. Their influence may ultimately be felt across the globe, on land as well as at sea, for years, decades, or centuries. The winds that buffet a land-locked observer may seem less like waves and more akin to the continuous rush of water through a pipe or down a river channel. However, viewed from a broader perspective, even the ever-changing weather patterns of the Earth's atmosphere have their own particular wave dynamics.
On Utility Driven Deployment in a Distributed Environment

By harnessing the computational power of distributed heterogeneous resources, it is possible to build a large scale integrated system so that a centralized program is partitioned and distributed across those resources in a way that maximizes the system's overall utility. However, building such a system is a staggering challenge because of the associated complexities. This paper proposes a self-managing distributed system ADE, that incorporates autonomic entities to handle the complexities associated with distribution, coordination and efficient execution of program components. The proposed approach models a centralized application in terms of an application graph consisting application components and then deploys the application components across the underlying hierarchically organized distributed resources so that all constraints and requirements are satisfied and the system's overall utility is maximized. Then, based on the observations obtained by the monitoring of the system resources, ADE redeploys the application graph to maintain maximized system utilization in spite of the dynamism and uncertainty involved in the system
Liquid crystal solutions at infinite dilution: Enthalpy–entropy compensation of solutes transfer properties between phases

Abstract Careful gas chromatographic (GLC) studies provide thermodynamic data for insights into solution processes in non-volatile solvents. In this study, thermodynamic properties of solutes at infinite dilution of several liquid crystals measured by GLC were examined. The enthalpy and entropy of solutions in mesophases were positive and higher than those of isotropic stationary phases. When solute transfer enthalpy (Δ H tr ) and transfer entropy (Δ S tr ) between two phases of a liquid crystal were examined, remarkable enthalpy–entropy compensation relations were observed. This was because the small values of transfer free energy. Both Δ H tr and T Δ S tr had large values and were almost equal, resulting in small values of transfer free energy. The temperature dependency of the disorder parameter in Flory's theory of liquid crystals was used to explain high values of the enthalpy and entropy of solution.
Rat Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early Enhancer Switching Results in Altered Growth Characteristics

It has been hypothesized that the major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is important in determining virus tropism and latency because of its essential role in initiating the cascade of early gene expression necessary for virus replication. Although rat CMV (RCMV) and murine CMV (MCMV) exhibit extreme species specificity in vivo, they differ in their ability to replicate in tissue culture. MCMV can replicate in a rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cell line while RCMV does not grow in murine fibroblasts. The tropism is not due to a block in virus entry into the cell. We have constructed a recombinant RCMV in which the RCMV MIE enhancer has been replaced with that of MCMV. Growth of the recombinant virus in tissue culture remains restricted to rat cells, suggesting that other viral and/or host factors are more important in determining in vitro tropism. Unlike findings using recombinant MCMV in which the human CMV (HCMV) MIE enhancer substitutes for the native one (A. Angulo, M. Messerle, U. H. Koszinowski, and P. Ghazal, J. Virol. 72:8502–8509, 1998), infection with our recombinant virus at a low multiplicity of infection resulted in a substantial decrease in virus replication. This occurred despite comparable or increased MIE transcription from the recombinant virus. In vivo experiments showed that the recombinant virus replicates normally in the spleen during acute infection. Notably, the recombinant virus appears to be deficient in spreading to the salivary gland, suggesting a role for the MIE enhancer in tropism for certain tissues involved in virus dissemination. Four months after infection, recombinant virus with the foreign MIE enhancer was reactivated from spleen explants.
Relationship between apposition pressure during welding and tensile strength of the acute weld

Dye-assisted photothermal welding is a technique used to close wounds by thermally cross-linking collagen across apposed tissue edges. For a successful weld, not only do laser parameters have to be optimized, but also apposition of the incision has to be consistent and controlled. The objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between the applied apposition pressure (i.e., the compressive force holding the wound closed during the welding procedure divided by the area of the skin-to-skin interface) and the tensile strength of the wound following the welding procedure. By using a clamping device made of two complementary pieces, each 3 cm wide with a row of 10 equally spaced blunt wire mesh tips, the apposition pressure along a 2-cm-long incision in each albino guinea pig was quantified using a 127-micrometers -thick load cell and varied from 0-1.8 kgf/cm2. A continuous wave, Nd:YAG laser emitting 10.0 W of 1.06-micrometers radiation from a 600-micrometers -diameter fiber irradiating a 5-mm-diameter spot size was scanned across the incision in order to deliver 300 J of total energy. As the apposition pressure of the incisions was increased, the resulting tensile strength of welded skin increased in a sigmoidal manner. For this welding technique, an apposition pressure of at least 1.2 kgf/cm2 is necessary to obtain maximum weld strength of the skin (2.56+/- 0.36 kg/cm2).© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Investigation of the elastic modulus of SSC coils

The Materials Development Laboratory at Fermilab has been conducting experiments on the mechanical properties of superconducting coils. Two of these measurements were designed to measure the elastic modulus of actual SSC coils in an effort to increase the precision of previously reported data. The first experiment utilizes a fixture redesigned for increased stiffness, in an attempt to reduce uncertainty in the data. As in the previous fixture of this type, the inner coil radius has been left unconstrained. The second fixture constrains the coil on all sides, allowing for the determination of the radial and azimuthal components of the cured coil modulus.
Organizational Learning and Culture in the Managerial Implementation of Clinical e-Health Systems: An International Perspective

When introducing a new technology that changes the core processes of an organization, such as an e-health initiative, it is important that the structural design and culture of the organization is aligned with the predominant national culture in which the organization is embedded. When a harmonious alignment is achieved, speedy and effective organizational learning can occur. This, in turn, promotes effective utilization of the new technology. The cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance provides guidance on the type of organizational culture and structure to establish. Our research in five countries supports the believe that in national cultures in which high uncertainty avoidance is predominant, such as France, a highly mechanistic organization is favored; in cultures in which a low uncertainty avoidance dominates, such as the USA, a more organic organizational form should increase the probability of success in promoting effective organizational learning and thereby successfully implementing an e-health strategic intent.
CLINICAL MEMORANDUM Lead Content of Aspirin

Excessive and dangerous lead contents have recently been found in a number of unexpected sources, including colored printing inks 1 and toothpaste. 2 The pervasiveness of lead contamination suggested an examination of the lead content of aspirin. Aspirin was chosen because of its high rate of consumption in the United States, because of its ready availability as a nonprescription drug, and because of the possibilities for lead contamination during its manufacture. Dust in the manufacturing plants or corrosion of pipes and vessels with the sulfuric or acetic acids used could result in lead contamination of aspirin. Surprisingly, the United States Pharmacopeia specifies that aspirin may contain as much as 10 ppm of lead. 3 This represents a daily intake of 50μg of lead if ten ½-gm tablets are taken daily. This would be a substantial amount of ingested lead, especially when added to the 200μg to 300μg ingested daily from
210Po and 210Pb disequilibrium in the hydrothermal vent fluids and chimney deposits from Juan de Fuca Ridge

Significantly deficient 210Po/210Pb activity ratios (0.14±0.14) are measured in the hydrothermal vent fluids collected from Juan de Fuca Ridge. Chimney deposits generally showed 1200 dpm g−1 of excess 210Po. If the observed 210Po-210Pb disequilibrium in vent fluids is a result of 210Po removal by the precipitates, residence time of polonium with respect to its irreversible removal from hot fluids is estimated to be of the order of a few minutes. Alternatively, if the disequilibrium is a result of an insufficient growth of 210Po from in-situ210Pb following heating, the residence time of hot fluids within the hydrothermal system can be shown to be less than 30 days, which is considerably lower than previously reported values.
Exploiting High Dimensional Video Features Using Layered Gaussian Mixture Models

Analysis of video data usually requires training classifiers in high dimensional feature spaces. This paper proposes a layered Gaussian mixture model (LGMM) to exploit high dimensional features for classifying various shots in video. LGMM decomposes a high dimensional feature space by building a pyramid structure and estimating the distribution of local partitions in each layer using Gaussian mixtures from the bottom of the pyramid to the top. We reduce the dimension of features in each local region at a lower layer by projecting them onto the estimated Gaussian components. These projected feature vectors are then used to estimate the Gaussian mixture models at a upper layer. The final dimension of the feature is adjustable by choosing the number of Gaussians at the top layer of the pyramid. We demonstrate the proposed method using motion features to classify video shots. The proposed method is independent from low level features and can be extended to other classification tasks.
Hormonally Responsive Areas of the Reproductive System of the Male Guinea Pig. I. Morphology

In the male guinea pig the ducts of the seminal vesicles, the vasa deferentia and the uterus masculinus (vagina masculina) open into a discrete posterior subcompartment of the proximal urethra, termed a common ejaculatory chamber. The latter, in turn, opens into the urethra by a common midline orifice. The 12-14 ducts of the prostate and coagulating glands do not open into the common ejaculatory chamber, but open separately on either side into the proximal urethra lateral to the midline orifice of the common ejaculatory chamber. The epithehium of the common ejaculatory chamber and the distal 0.5 cm of the ducts of the seminal vesicles and of the vasa deferentia, as well as the uterus masculinus throughout all its length, except for the bifid tips, is stratified. Since this epithelium resembles that lining the urogenital sinus of the fetus and is derived from it, we have termed it a “sinus epithelium.” It is abruptly continuous with the transitional epithehium of the proximal urethra at the lips of the common midline orifice of the ejaculatory chamber. The “sinus epithehium,” as well as the transitional epithehium of the proximal urethra, shows thickening, increased stratification, and many areas of superficial mucification and mucous crypt formation in the neonatal animal. The sinus epithelium is atrophic in the sexually immature animal, and again is hyperplastic and mucified in the mature animal. The prostate and coagulating glands consist of 6-7 major lobes loosely bound together by connective tissue, and the ducts opening into the urethra are equal in number to that of the major lobes. Each lobe may be further subdivided by dissection into many lobules, cylindrical in form, these being wider and more blunt in the coagulating gland. The even distribution of the lobes around the common ejaculatory chamber and urethra does not justify their subdivision into discrete dorsal and ventral or lateral entities as conventionally described.
Decentralized orchestration of composite web services

Web services make information and software available programmatically via the Internet and may be used as building blocks for applications. A composite web service is one that is built using multiple component web services and is typically specified using a language such as BPEL4WS or WSIPL. Once its specification has been developed, the composite service may be orchestrated either in a centralized or in a decentralized fashion. Decentralized orchestration offers performance improvements in terms of increased throughput and scalability and lower response time. However, decentralized orchestration also brings additional complexity to the system in terms of error recovery and fault handling. Further, incorrect design of a decentralized system can lead to potential deadlock or non-optimal usage of system resources. This paper investigates build time and runtime issues related to decentralized orchestration of composite web services. We support our design decisions with performance results obtained on a decentralized setup using BPEL4WS to describe the composite web services and BPWS4J as the underlying runtime environment to orchestrate them.
Design and analysis of a fast frequency-hopped DBPSK communication system. I. System description and hop timing tracking loop analysis

Design and performance analyses of a fast frequency-hopped (FFH) spread spectrum communication system employing differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) modulation and differentially coherent demodulation are presented. The receiver utilizes a hop timing tracking loop to lock the hop clock. Through this tracking loop, the differentially coherent demodulation of an FFH signal is made possible. The authors present the system model of an FFH/DBPSK system. A digital, full-time early-late gate timing error estimator is investigated. The tracking loop is shown to be a Markov chain, and various performance characteristics of the tracking loop are studied. >
A Proactive Approach to Midcareer Development

The contributions of the Power/Rothausen model to midcareer development are reviewed and related to other relevant concepts regarding this career stage. Needs for expansion of the model and explication of its counseling implications are also discussed.
Neurological deficits and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in Mongolian gerbils.

We examined the time course of neurological deficits in gerbils after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced by autologous blood infusion and examined its correlation with the severity of perihematomal edema.
Property Rights and Financial Capital in Latin America

Since the 1980s, countries in Latin America and elsewhere in the developing world have made great strides to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment (PI) inflows and earn higher ratings on their sovereign bond issuances to increase capital sources and help promote growth and development. Remarkably, no research in the political economy literature has attempted to investigate whether there are political institutional factors (e.g., property rights enforcement) that contribute to all three-enhanced levels of FDI and PI and higher bond ratings. In this proposal, we investigate the effects of effective institutions that promote stable property rights on FDI, PI, and CRAs. 17 Latin American countries from 1996-2006. Based on our findings, we will contribute to the debate about the importance of political institutions on sources of foreign capital. This project fits well on panels that address political economy issues related to the political institutions, capital flows, democratization, economic reforms, and globalization in developing countries.
Assessing Advertising Creativity Using the Creative Product Semantic Scale

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether advertising professionals judge advertising creativity in the same way as the general public, and whether demographic variables significantly affect judgments about the creativity of advertising. Fifteen print advertisements were evaluated using the Creative Product Semantic Scale. The judgments of advertising professionals, college students, and the general public were compared. The results were significantly different. There were also significant differences on the basis of demographic variables.
Cluster formation in polyelectrolyte-micelle complex coacervation.

The temperature-induced liquid−liquid phase transition (complex coacervation) of a polycation−anionic/nonionic mixed micelle system was examined over a range of macroion concentrations and polycation molecular weights (MW) using turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS revealed a progressive increase in complex/aggregate size with temperature up to the phase transition at Tφ, followed by splitting of these clusters into respectively smaller and larger particles. We present two explanations: (1) large (200−400 nm) clusters (soluble aggregates) are necessary and sufficient coacervation precursors, and (2) the process of coacervation itself is accompanied by the expulsion of smaller aggregates to form submicrometer droplets. Although a reduction in Tφ for higher MW appears to be correlated with larger clusters, in support of model 1, the opposite correlation between cluster size and Tφ is seen upon isoionic dilution. We conclude that enhanced coacervation and increased cluster size at high polyme...
Managing psychosocial issues faced by young women with breast cancer at the time of diagnosis and during active treatment

Purpose of review This review examines recent literature on the psychosocial needs of and interventions for young women. We focus on the active treatment period given the toxicity of treatment, the incidence of anxiety, and depressive symptoms in these women during treatment. This review summarizes research relevant to addressing their social and emotional concerns. Recent findings Young women undergoing treatment for breast cancer remain understudied despite unique needs. Psychoeducational interventions help to relieve symptoms and emotional distress during treatment, but effects do not appear to persist over the longer term. In the clinical context, the performance of prognostic-risk prediction models in this population is poor. Surgical decision-making is often driven by fear of recurrence and body image rather than prognosis, and decision aids may help young women to synthesize information to preserve their role in the treatment process. Summary First, shared decision-making, second, balancing body image, fear of recurrence, and recommended treatment, and third, palliative care for metastasis are essential research priorities for the clinical setting. In the larger social context, unique family/partner dynamics as well as financial and insurance concerns warrant particular attention in this population.
An EPR Study on High Energy Ion Implanted Silicon

EPR is used to study the lattice disorder produced by the C+ and N+ implantation in silicon in the high-energy range 0.55–3.50 Mev. Two new EPR spectra, Si-Al2 (anisotropic) and -Al3 (isotropic) are resolved for E > 1.65 Mev. Isochronal annealing shows that the amorphous line does not completely anneal at 700°C. The depth of the amorphous layer is roughly proportional to E1/2 in the high-energy range.
Summary of Breeding Techniques for A Series of Combinations of K17eA

e-type hybrid rice is the shortened form of high-stalk and recessive(eui) hybrid rice.Sterile line K17eA with elongated uppermost internode and its ten hybrid combinations(e-type hybrid rice) were bred during 1999~2007 by Ganzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangxi Province.This article introduced the breeding process of K17eA,the yield,character,rice quality and disease resistance performance of ten e-type hybrid rice combinations in the regional tests,and the breeding technology system,parents'original seed production mode,seed propagation and production techniques and the matched high-yielding cultivation techniques of e-type hybrid rice combinations.
Providing statistical reliability guarantees in the AWS spot tier

In this paper, we present DrAFTS -- a methodology for predicting the value a user should bid in the AWS Spot tier to ensure that the request lifetime exceeds a fixed duration with a given probability. DrAFTS uses previous price histories for each category of request to determine both the minimum bid value and the concomitant duration associated with that value that is "guaranteed" with a specified probability. We also describe how DrAFTS can be used to determine the duration associated with over-bidding the minimum by a specific percentage.
The Botryology of Botryology

Publisher Summary The botryology can be regarded as a contribution to the subject of hypothesis formulation. The problem of choosing prior probabilities of hypotheses and theories is the basic difficulty in the Bayesian approach to statistics and in the philosophy of scientific induction. However, the fact that it is difficult does not mean that there is any other satisfactory solution to these problems. One of the purposes of botryology is to overcome duplication by detecting clusters. Some of the applications and purposes of botryology are its application that avoids the fear of the unknown it is used for mental clarification and communication, its use for discovering new fields of research its use for planning an organizational structure, such as a university, and its use for planning the structure of a machine. A distinction is sometimes made between a cluster and a clump: a cluster is usually spherical or ellipsoidal in attribute space, whereas a clump can be of any shape. Thus the general definition of a definition is apt to lead to a clump rather than a cluster if this terminology is adopted.
Interviewing as a Pedagogical Tool in Arts for Social Justice: A Case Study of an Afterschool Arts Program

Purpose: The rise of out-of-school youth arts organizations, especially those dedicated to addressing social issues with young people, suggests a growing need for spaces in which we prepare young people to creatively and critically shape their communities. While the popularity of these programs is certainly positive, it does little to tell us what pedagogical lessons we might learn from how youth arts organizations approach social justice teaching in the arts. In order to understand what it takes to do social justice art education, our research team investigated the pedagogical strategies used by Center for Urban Pedagogy, an out-of-school youth arts organization. Method: Through qualitative interviews, observations, and document analyses, this case study examined the specific pedagogical strategies used by educators in the Center for Urban Pedagogy’s (CUP) Urban Investigations program to engage young people in creating art for social justice aims. Findings: Our initial findings revealed that the process of interviewing is at the center of CUP’s approach to both social engagement and art-making. According to our research, interviewing reveals hidden layers of meaning to learners, offers opportunities to visualize personal connections, and provides a means to critically and collaboratively create artwork.
Of Religion and Empire: Missions, Conversion, and Tolerance in Tsarist Russia

Russia's ever-expanding imperial boundaries encompassed diverse peoples and religions. Yet Russian Orthodoxy remained inseparable from the identity of the Russian empire-state, which at different times launched conversion campaigns not only to "save the souls" of animists and bring deviant Orthodox groups into the mainstream, but also to convert the empire's numerous Muslims, Buddhists, Jews, Catholics, and Uniates. This book is the first to investigate the role of religious conversion in the long history of Russian state building. How successful were the Church and the state in proselytizing among religious minorities? How were the concepts of Orthodoxy and Russian nationality shaped by the religious diversity of the empire? What was the impact of Orthodox missionary efforts on the non-Russian peoples, and how did these peoples react to religious pressure? In chapters that explore these and other questions, this book provides geographical coverage from Poland and European Russia to the Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, and Alaska.The editors' introduction and conclusion place the twelve original essays in broad historical context and suggest patterns in Russian attitudes toward religion that range from attempts to forge a homogeneous identity to tolerance of complexity and diversity. Contributors: Eugene Clay, Arizona State University; Robert P. Geraci, University of Virginia; Sergei Kan, Dartmouth College; Agnes Kefeli, Arizona State University; Shoshana Keller, Colgate University; Michael Khodarkovsky, Loyola University, Chicago; John D. Klier, University College, London; Georg Michels, University of California, Riverside; Firouzeh Mostashari, Regis College; Dittmar Schorkowitz, Free University, Berlin; Theodore Weeks, Southern Illinois University; Paul W. Werth, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Depression and Unmet Needs for Assistance With Daily Activities Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background and Objectives This study aims to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on adverse consequences of unmet needs for assistance with daily activities among community-dwelling older adults. Research Design and Methods Data came from round 1 to 5 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Study sample consisted of 3,400 Medicare beneficiaries needing assistance with activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), or mobility for any two consecutive years between 2011 and 2015. Study outcome was the number of self-reported adverse consequences of unmet needs for assistance with daily activities (e.g., went without eating, wet or soiled clothes). Mixed-effects negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association of lagged depressive symptoms and covariates in period t-1 and the number of adverse consequences of unmet needs in period t. Results The prevalence rates of adverse consequences of unmet needs were twice as high among older adults with elevated depressive symptoms as those without depression. After adjusting for covariates, prior wave depressive symptoms were associated with 1.24 times the rate of adverse consequences of unmet needs for assistance with ADL (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.41, p < .01) and IADL (IRR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06-1.44, p < .01), and 1.14 times the rate of adverse consequences of unmet needs for assistance with mobility (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03-1.27, p < .05). Discussion and Implications Caring for older adults with mental health and long-term care needs calls for an integrated social and health services system.
A new construct of antibody-drug conjugates for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

The aim of this study was to develop a new class of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with the potential to not only enhance treatment efficacy but also improve tolerability for patients with B-cell lymphomas. Classic ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) linked to drugs or toxins. They selectively deliver toxic moieties to tumor cells. As such, they greatly improve the therapeutic index compared to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. However, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ADCs are dependent on linker stability and payload toxicity. Limited payload number on a single antibody (drug-to-antibody ratio, or DAR) has been driving investigators to use extremely toxic agents; however, even very low off-target binding of these ADCs may kill patients. Herein we report a new design of ADCs that consists of rituximab (RTX) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-epirubicin conjugates. The latter was selectively attached to RTX via reduced disulfide bonds. Such design allows the introduction of a large payload of drug on the antibody without adding attachment sites and without compromising the antigen-targeting ability. The binding of the new conjugate, namely RTX-P-EPI, to Ramos cells (with high CD20 expression) was confirmed. The cytotoxicity of RTX-P-EPI against Raji and Ramos cells was also determined. Interestingly, two-fold inhibition of cell proliferation was observed when using RTX-P-EPI compared with their equivalent physical mixture of RTX and P-EPI. Treatment of male SCID mice bearing subcutaneous Ramos B-cell lymphoma tumors demonstrated that RTX-P-EPI possessed superior efficacy when compared to combination of RTX with chemotherapy EPI (RTX+EPI) and P-EPI (RTX+P-EPI), whereas single RTX and a non-specific conjugate IgG-P-EPI only showed marginal effect. The conjugate RTX-EPI in which EPI was directly attached to RTX demonstrated much less antitumor activity compared with RTX-P-EPI. The results suggest that this new design possesses synergistic potential of immunotherapy combined with established macromolecular therapy; moreover, a conventional chemo-agent could be utilized to generate highly effective ADCs and to achieve lower risk of off-target toxicity.
Testing a Cognitive Pathway Between Temperament and Childhood Anxiety

Though early fearful temperament is a robust predictor of anxiety disorder symptoms it remains unclear what links these two factors. Cognitive theories of anxiety have recently implicated individual differences in attentional control and worry as mediators of this relation; however, this pathway remains largely untested in youth. The current study examined the associations between fearful temperament, attentional control, worry, and anxiety during a period critical for the development of attentional control and worry. Participants were 152 parent-child dyads between the ages of 7 and 12 years old. Parents completed measures of child temperament and executive function, and children completed measures of worry and anxiety symptoms. A serial multiple mediator analysis was conducted with PROCESS for SPSS to examine a cognitive pathway between temperament and anxiety in this cross-sectional sample. Overall the data supported the study hypotheses. Attentional control and worry serially mediated the relation between temperament and anxiety, with worry mediating the relation between attentional control and anxiety. The study also tested two reversed mediational models and found that the directionality in the proposed model was unique. These findings suggest that children who are more fearful are less able to control their attention. Among these children, worry may emerge as a low effort cognitive process, which contributes to increased anxiety.
Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection

Abdominoperineal resection (APR) can be demanding due to several factors including variable pelvic anatomy, tumor size, prior radiation therapy, and patient body habitus. APR is employed for the management of patients with benign and malignant diseases. While the laparoscopic approach may make this a more technically demanding procedure, advantages for the surgeon include better visualization and the ability to avoid an abdominal incision altogether. For the patient, this approach translates into less pain, shorter hospital length of stay, and faster recovery. In this chapter we review the various techniques and outcomes of a laparoscopic APR.
Disruption or Sustenance? An Institutional Analysis of the Sustainable Business Network in West Michigan

Sustainable regional development is understood as a process characterized by continuing attention to lasting economic prosperity which supports healthy ecological and human communities within a defined spatial area. This preliminary research focuses on disruptive innovation network structures and institutional arrangements that are essential theoretical components for sustainability. The presumption is that by better understanding the characteristics of networks that support innovation, we may more effectively leverage sustainable business practices toward an effort to foster sustainable regional development. Network theory and institutional offers a way to illuminate some of the existing network nodes and institutions supporting sustainable business practices in West Michigan (USA) and identifying ways that learning associated with these practices might be harnessed in the service of sustainable regional development. Network centrality, reachability and connectivity are explored.
Triangulation V[r,p] of S × [0,1] by Restricting, Squeezing and Shearing V

Given the triangulation V we analyze certain restrictions which we squeeze and shear to complete the building blocks for the variable rate refining triangulation S.
Monte Carlo studies of water/ice adsorbed on model AgI: Effects of lattice shift

Publisher Summary Monte Carlo simulations employing the Bennett technique for calculating free energy differences are used to study the effect on small adsorbed H2O clusters of lattice shift in an underlying model hexagonal AgI substrate. A periodic array of Ag + and I ions is used to model the substrate, and the revised central force potentials (RSL2) are used for the H2O–H20 interactions. Free energy differences are calculated for the adsorbed water systems with differing model AgI basal face lattice constant. Effects of temperature and cluster size are also considered.
Analysis and Visualization of Sports Performance Anxiety in Tennis Matches

According to sports psychology, anxiety has a big impact on an athlete’s performance in a sport event. Although much work has been done in sports data analysis and visualization, analysis of anxiety has rarely been included in previous work. In this paper, we propose a method to analyze a tennis player’s anxiety level during a tennis match. This method is based on the psychological theories of anxiety and a database of over 4,000 professional tennis matches. In our model, an athlete’s anxiety level is based on three factors: uncertainty, anticipation, and threat. We have also developed data visualizations to help users study the potential correlation between a tennis player’s anxiety level and his/her skilled performance, such as unforced errors, forced errors, winners, serve directions, first-serve faults, and double faults.
Does partnering with the World Bank shield investors from political risks in less developed countries

Abstract This study explores whether partnering with the World Bank’s International Finance Corporation (IFC) protects foreign investors from aggressive actions by host countries’ governments. Building on the obsolescing bargaining model, we theorize that host states fear that hostile actions towards IFC-supported investments will damage their relationships with the World Bank. Within this context IFC support deters host government aggression towards investments. We assess our argument using country-level panel data as well as interviews with a sample of high-level managers. Findings suggest that IFC-support helps to reduce host state aggression against investing firms.
Two-Electron Excited States

We report calculations of dimensional expansions for the energies of the three excited S states of helium that correspond to one quantum in either of the three normal models of the Langmuir vibrations. Very accurate energies are obtained for the 1s2s states, which arise from excitation of the stretching vibrations. Reasonable, but somewhat less accurate, results are found for the energy of the 2p2 resonance, which corresponds to excitation in the bending vibration; this is despite an infinite number of curve crossings due to the difference in ordering of the eigenvalues at D = 3 and D → ∞. More accurate results are obtained for the three corresponding Pe states, by virtue of the interdimensional degeneracies between D = 3 and D = 5.
On the Asymptotic Behavior of the Solution of a Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equation

We determine the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the nonlinear Volterra integral equation φ ( t ) + π - 1 / 2 ∫ 0 t ( t - s ) - 1 / 2 φ n ( s ) d s = π - 1 / 2 ∫ 0 t ( t - s ) - 1 / 2 f ( s ) d s when the behavior of f(t) as t → ∞ is prescribed and give some examples to indicate the range of applicability of the results.
Japan as a Brand

In this chapter, we move from a focus on cities to a focus on countries, which are also brands and which compete with one another for tourists. Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world, if not the largest. It is a $7.6 trillion industry. Japan is working hard to attract more international tourists, who are put off by Japan’s reputation as being an expensive place to visit, though there are many other countries that are much more expensive, such as Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Japan’s National Tourism Organization is doing what it can to attract tourists. The chapter then discusses various aspects of Japanese culture and the Japanese mystique, which are what attracts tourists. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Japan as an exotic destination—in which combines modern skyscrapers and concrete cities with ancient forts and temples, which tourists like because they sense that they are authentic.
Oligonucleotide quantification and metabolite profiling by high-resolution and accurate mass spectrometry

Aim: Advancements in RNA interference therapeutics have triggered development of improved bioanalytical methods for oligonucleotide metabolite profiling and high-throughput quantification in biolog...
Sigurd Bergmann (ed.), Eschatology as Imagining the End: Faith Between Hope and Despair

Sigurd Bergmann (ed.), Eschatology as Imagining the End: Faith Between Hope and Despair (Routledge: New York, 2018), ix + 188 pp., $99.95 (cloth), ISBN: 978-1138481367.
Inpatient hospitalization's associated cost and mortality in myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant: a 13-year analysis of the National Inpatient Sample.

Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM) [1]. Eligibility is dependent on medical comorbidities and functional status, amongst...
Performing rapid autopsy for the interrogation of HIV reservoirs

: Rapid autopsy at the end of life in people with HIV (PWH) permits the preservation of valuable tissue specimens for subsequent study of HIV reservoirs. At our institution, we have developed a cohort of PWH who consent to a rapid autopsy to gather a wide range of fluids and tissues with the goal of advancing HIV cure research. The protocol for successfully performing these autopsies has required careful thought and development over months and years. We have now successfully performed six rapid autopsies and detail here our steps to build the study cohort, train and staff a team of more than a dozen personnel, and process and preserve hundreds of samples from each autopsy.
Chapter 12 – Family/Community Issues in Corrections/Correctional Psychology

Publisher Summary Psychologists are called upon to address a myriad of problems that directly affect the adult prison populations. In addition, psychologists are relied upon to assess other correctional dilemmas regarding the intellectual, personality, and behavioral characteristics of offenders, and those who work in the institutions, as well as to interpret society's responses to particular offender groups, and general correctional practices. After examining the effects that stress has on correctional officers, it is clear that programs need to be developed to help them handle work tension before they burn out. One type of program that has received a considerable amount of attention is critical incident stress debriefing. This is a stage method whereby, individuals are taken back through the incident to explore their thoughts and feelings with one another regarding the incident. The group processing of such a fact-finding-thinking-feeling model, combined with relaxation training, as well as individual counseling aimed at reducing flashbacks of the incident, can help prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder or assist in reducing the intensity of the experience.