cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systemic Racism as a Living Text: Implications of Uncle Tom’s Cabin as a Fictionalized Narrative of Present and Past Black Bodies

This paper will explore the concept of Stowe’s work as a living text—that is, as a work of literature which transcends the bounds of periodization and continues to influence other literary movements, and even popular culture to this day. Scholars, with a propensity for consolidation and categorization, assign works of literature to narrow cultural and historical movements. Still, much of the scholarship concerning Uncle Tom’s Cabin serves as a cautionary tale for such an approach. Too often, Stowe’s work is analyzed primarily to illuminate societal and political ills of the nineteenth century. By doing so, Stowe’s’ work is understood as emblematic of the nineteenth century and is subsequently analyzed based upon modern day political and societal values. Specifically, this paper will examine how a fictionalized and living text is used to continuously create a script for the identity of black women, and how these narratives influence both past and current readings of black female identity.
Notch Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis

The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway in most multicellular organisms. It is of critical importance for cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signaling can give rise to a number of pathologies including cancer. The Notch signaling pathway consists of a well-orchestrated series of biochemical events that provide multiple avenues for rational drug design. Design of targeted therapies focusing on Notch signaling is rapidly advancing. This review will aim to discuss the established and recent approaches to targeting the Notch pathway.
Prospective study of percutaneous bone-anchored implants in transfemoral amputees: Brain-machine platform technology for external prosthetic control and feedback

Osseointegration, which describes the direct biological connection between bone and metal, has emerged as a promising method of increasing function and mobility in amputees. This technology holds significant potential, including the ability to harness an integrated neuromuscular interface to allow for volitional motor and sensory control of an external neural prosthesis. While orthopaedic osseointegration has been underway internationally for many years with a variety of implant systems, the practice is still in its early phases in the United States. Here we present the early outcomes of the first American trial for the Osseoanchored Prosthesis for the Rehabilitation of Amputees (OPRA). Our study demonstrates that one year following osseointegration, patients experience a significant improvement in function and health-related outcomes.
Emerging Issues in Decentralized Resource Governance: Environmental Federalism, Spillovers, and Linked Socio-Ecological Systems

Spillovers among jurisdictions are ubiquitous and likely to increase with increasing population and consumption, so the centralization or decentralization of environmental governance is of pressing...
The global threat of Myrtle rust (AUSTROPUCCINIA psidii): Future prospects for control and breeding resistance in susceptible hosts

Abstract Austropuccinia psidii, (Basidiomycota; Pucciniales) (formerly Puccinia psidii), commonly known as Myrtle rust, is a fungal pathogen that has quickly become a global threat. The physiological infection cycle of A. psidii is comprised of distinct steps that are potential targets for host defense strategies or human-induced control methods. While genetic control has thus far seen the most progress for Myrtle rust management, the development and implementation of pre-penetration and preventative control methods have been largely neglected. By gaining a holistic understanding of the processes related to infection, reproduction, and genetic distribution of Myrtle rust, we can better inform our future decisions on prevention and control. In this review I outline the known genetic processes underlying pre- and post-haustoria resistance in Myrtaceae hosts, current and developing control methods related to these processes, and lesser known alternatives that could be implemented or expanded to control this prolific disease.
Equine Viral Arteritis

Equine arteritis virus (EAV), the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA), is a respiratory and reproductive disease that occurs throughout the world. EAV infection is highly species-specific and exclusively limited to members of the family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras. EVA is an economically important disease and outbreaks could cause significant losses to the equine industry. The primary objective of this article is to summarize current understanding of EVA, specifically the disease, pathogenesis, epidemiology, host immune response, vaccination and treatment strategies, prevention and control measures, and future directions.
Reaching Dyslexic Students: Updating Accessibility Practices and Lessons Learned from a Faculty Development Module

Dyslexia results in challenges for students within the higher education classroom that can sometimes go unaddressed by accessibility standards. This experience report provides an overview of a module created for a certificate program for faculty and teaching graduate students that offers specific suggestions for changes and modifications to course materials and classroom activities which address these challenges. It provides an overview of the development of the module, including the technology involved, as well as describes the ten ‘tips and tricks’ provided to participants, including changing fonts and font sizes, making formatting editable by students, and allowing students to present their ideas before they write about them. Faculty within higher education can utilize these suggestions to expand the accessibility of their course while practitioners can expand their own understanding of accessibility standards as well.
Succinate Dehydrogenase and Ribonucleic Acid Networks in Cancer and Other Diseases.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex connects both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria. However, SDH mutation or dysfunction-induced succinate accumulation results in multiple cancers and non-cancer diseases. The mechanistic studies show that succinate activates hypoxia response and other signal pathways via binding to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and succinate receptors. Recently, the increasing knowledge of ribonucleic acid (RNA) networks, including non-coding RNAs, RNA editors, and RNA modifiers has expanded our understanding of the interplay between SDH and RNA networks in cancer and other diseases. Here, we summarize recent discoveries in the RNA networks and their connections to SDH. Additionally, we discuss current therapeutics targeting SDH in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Thus, we propose a new model of SDH–RNA network interaction and bring promising RNA therapeutics against SDH-relevant cancer and other diseases.
TCDD attenuates EAE through induction of FasL on B cells and inhibition of IgG production.

Abstract Previously we demonstrated that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model to study multiple sclerosis (MS), through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of effector T cell function in the spleen. Since B cells and specifically regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been shown to be so critical in the pathology associated with EAE and MS, we wanted to determine whether TCDD could also induce Bregs. We specifically hypothesized that a Fas ligand (FasL)+ Breg population would be induced by TCDD in EAE thereby triggering apoptosis in Fas-expressing effector T cells as one mechanism to account for inhibition of T cell function by TCDD. TCDD (0.1–2.5 μg/kg/day administered orally for 12 days) modestly increased the percentage of FasL + B cells in the spleen and spinal cord in TCDD-treated EAE mice. However, we did not detect significant increases in percentages of FasL + B cells using TCDD in vitro in mouse splenocytes or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Part of the modest effect by TCDD was likely related to the localized expression of FasL; for instance, in the spleen, FasL was more highly expressed by IgMhiIgDlo marginal zone (MZ) B cells, but IgMloIgDhi follicular (FO) B cells were more responsive to TCDD. Consistent with our observation of modest upregulation of FasL, we also observed modest changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in T cells co-cultured with isolated total B cells or IgM-depleted (i.e., FO-enriched) B cells from TCDD-treated EAE mice. These data suggest that while small microenvironments of apoptosis might be occurring in T cells in response to TCDD-treated B cells, it is not a major mechanism by which T cell function is compromised by TCDD in EAE. TCDD did robustly suppress IgG production systemically and in spleen and spinal cord B cells at end stage disease. Thus, these studies show that TCDD’s primary effect on B cells in EAE is compromised IgG production but not FasL + Breg induction.
Using a genetic algorithm to fit parameters of a COVID-19 SEIR model for US states

Abstract Background: A Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Removed​ (SEIR) model was developed to forecast the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States and the implications of re-opening and hospital resource utilization. The model relies on the specification of various parameters that characterize the virus and the population being modeled. However, several of these parameters can be expected to vary significantly between states. Therefore, a genetic algorithm was developed that adjusts these population-dependent parameters to fit the SEIR model to data for any given state. Methods: Publicly available data was collected from each state in terms of the number of positive COVID-19 cases and the number of COVID-19-caused deaths and used as inputs into a SEIR model to predict the spread of COVID infections in a given population. A genetic algorithm was designed where the genes are the state-dependent parameters from the model. The algorithm operates by determining the fitness of a given set of genes, applying selection, using selected agents to reproduce with cross-over, applying random mutation, and simulating several generations. Findings and Conclusions: Use of the genetic algorithm produces exceptionally good agreement between the model and available data. Deviations in the parameters were examined to see if the trends were reasonable.
Separation of Powers in Federated Learning (Poster Paper)

In federated learning (FL), model updates from mutually distrusting parties are aggregated in a centralized fusion server. The concentration of model updates simplifies FL's model building process, but might lead to unforeseeable information leakage. This problem has become acute due to recent FL attacks that can reconstruct large fractions of training data from ostensibly "sanitized" model updates. In this paper, we re-examine the current design of FL systems under the new security model of reconstruction attacks. To break down information concentration, we build TRUDA, a new cross-silo FL system, employing a trustworthy and decentralized aggregation architecture. Based on the unique computational properties of model-fusion algorithms, we disassemble all exchanged model updates at the parameter-granularity and re-stitch them to form random partitions designated for multiple hardware-protected aggregators. Thus, each aggregator only has a fragmentary and shuffled view of model updates and is oblivious to the model architecture. The deployed security mechanisms in TRUDA can effectively mitigate training data reconstruction attacks, while still preserving the accuracy of trained models and keeping performance overheads low.
Design Meets Disability, by Graham Pullin

(2010). Design Meets Disability, by Graham Pullin. Design and Culture: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 251-253.
Molecular Mimicry and Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease

Infections have been associated with the initiation and/or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is suspected that tolerance to self-CNS antigens is broken by several linked events. This results in the initiation or induction of anti-CNS immune responses, which lead to inflammation and demyelination. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major component of CNS myelin, and when it is emulsified in adjuvant it can be used to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) when it is injected into animals. Researchers found that 8 of 17 patients had lymphocytes that proliferated in response to MBP, whereas 6 of 40 individuals with measles without encephalomyelitis had such lymphocytes. Recently, other researchers extended the concept of molecular mimicry and autoimmune CNS disease. They have elegantly shown that the cross-reacting epitope between virus microbe and self-CNS protein does not need to have identical amino acids in order for T-cell recognition to occur. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection of mice leads to a chronic demyelinating disease that has similarities to the human demyelinating disease MS. Early after infection natural killer (NK) cells can kill infected cells as part of the innate immune response. Viruses can cause direct lysis of infected cells through either apoptotic or necrotic pathways. Once an antiviral immune response develops, antiviral antibodies can bind to the surfaces of infected cells, leading to the activation of the complement cascade that eventually kills the infected cell.
Scan detection: A data mining approach

A precursor to many attacks on networks is often a reconnaissance operation, more commonly referred to as a scan. Despite the vast amount of attention focused on methods for scan detection, the state-ofthe-art methods suffer from high rate of false alarms and low rate of scan detection. In this paper, we formalize the problem of scan detection as a data mining problem. We show how the network traffic data sets can be converted into a data set that is appropriate for running off-the-shelf classifiers on. Our method successfully demonstrates that data mining models can encapsulate expert knowledge to create an adaptable algorithm that can substantially outperform state-ofthe-art methods for scan detection in both coverage and precision.
E7389 and ER-076349, synthetic halichondrin B analogs, suppress centromere dynamics in concert with mitotic block

5436 E7389 and ER-076349 are synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogs of halichondrin B with potent antiproliferative activities; E7389 is in Phase I clinical trials. The compounds bind to tubulin, inhibit polymerization of tubulin into microtubules at high (micromolar) concentrations, induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, inhibit tumor cell proliferation at picomolar concentrations, and inhibit tumor growth (Towle et al., Cancer Res 61: 1013-1021, 2001). Recent work indicates that E7389 appears to work in cells by a novel mechanism, by aggregating tubulin and thus reducing the rates and lengths of microtubule growth events in cells (M.A. Jordan, K. Kamath, H. Miller, C. Davis, B.A. Littlefield, and L. Wilson, unpublished data). We asked whether this suppression of microtubule dynamics leads to mitotic block in living human osteosarcoma cells (U2Os). We used a fluorescently-labeled centromere-binding protein (GFP-CENP-B) to quantitate the effects of E7389 and ER-076349 on the dynamic behavior of spindle microtubules by high-resolution time-lapse confocal microscopy in the cells. Chromosomes oscillate during prometaphase as they congress to the metaphase plate, and sister chromatids are rhythmically stretched apart and relaxed together by the attached dynamic microtubules. Spindle microtubule (+)-ends attached to chromosomes are marked by fluorescent centromeres. Half-maximal mitotic block was induced by 30 nM E7389 and by 2 nM ER-076349, and complete block was induced by 1 mM and by 100 nM, respectively. We found that E7389 and ER-076349 altered the centromere stretching /relaxation movements in a concentration-dependent manner, in concert with mitotic block. For example, in the absence of drug, the centromeres spent 68% of the time in movements of stretching and relaxation whereas this percentage was significantly reduced to 53% at 30 nM E7389 and to 59% at 2 nM ER-076349. The time centromeres were paused increased from 31% in untreated cells to 46% and 40% in cells with 30 nM E7389 and 2 nM ER-076349, respectively. Interestingly, the rates of stretching were increased by 27% with 30 nM E7389 and by 13% with 2 nM ER-076349. These results suggest that there are significant differences between the mechanisms of E7389 and ER-076349 as compared with those of paclitaxel, vincristine, and vinblastine. The results also support the hypothesis that alterations of microtubule dynamics play a role in the antimitotic and antitumor activity of E7389 and ER-076349. Supported by a grant from Eisai Research Institute and NIH CA 57291.
Limit of spared pattern vision following lesions of the immature visual cortex.

Lesions of primary visual cortex sustained early in life spare certain aspects of visual processing that can be linked to expansions of bypass pathways to extrastriate cortex. They also trigger, in an age-dependent way, partial or complete transneuronal retrograde degeneration of β (X) retinal ganglion cells, which are implicated in visual processing under conditions of low contrast. We used two-dimensional geometric patterns whose saliency was reduced by gradually increasing levels of superimposed masking lines, and by reductions in spatial contrast. Normative data were collected from intact cats, and baseline lesion data were collected from cats with lesions sustained as young adults (postnatal day 180, P180). Experimental data were collected from cats that sustained lesions on P1–3 or P26–30. For high contrast patterns, the adult group was impaired at both acquisition (sequential progressive levels of masking) and concurrent (parallel high and low levels of masking) performance, whereas the early-lesioned groups were impaired only at concurrent performance. All lesion groups were equally impaired when contrast was reduced to modest or lower levels. These results show that sparing of masked-pattern learning is limited to the high end of the spatial contrast domain.
Most Prolific Authors in the Accounting Literature Over the Past Half-Century: 1959-2008

The prolific authors identified in this study are truly remarkable: 626 prolific authors in five leading accounting journals and 620 prolific authors in twenty five core accounting journals examined. These authors demonstrate great durability in navigating the vagaries of referees and the demands of editors. They represent a small minority of thousands of authors during the half century 1959 to 2008. Besides satisfying a natural curiosity of who the prolific authors are, examination of extreme performance provides perspective on research productivity in accounting, as do the reported distributional statistics. The findings help in the formation of realistic expectations about scholarly work.
Ear and Lateral Line of Vertebrates: Organization and Development

The mechano-electric transducers of vertebrates (the hair cell) form the basis for two distinct sensory systems, the lateral line and the inner ear. These two sensory systems share other features such as development and the central projections to the hindbrain and are therefore grouped together as the octavo-lateral system. This paper deals with the mechano-sensory hair cells, the organization of sensory organs in the lateral line and inner ear, their central projection, the development of the inner ear and, to a lesser extent, the lateral-line system as well as the system of efferent cells modifying their sensory responses. Keywords: inner ear; development; lateral line; neuroanatomy; anatomy; vestibular; auditory
Rupture of the esophagus. Emetic dehiscence of the normal esophagus: three new cases.

Abstract 1. 1. Rupture of the previously undiseased esophagus most commonly results from the sudden violent emesis of large amounts of gastric content, although other causes are acknowledged. Symptomatology, clinical signs, some laboratory findings, and therapy are briefly mentioned. 2. 2. We acknowledge the unanimity encountered in commending the earliest possible surgical intervention in the treatment of this very grave occurrence. 3. 3. Three cases of rupture of the esophagus treated surgically, with two survivals, are added to the literature.
Effect of Adhesive Layers on Impact Damage in Composite Laminates

Adhesive layers were included along the interfaces of a baseline graphite/epoxy [0 5 /90 5 /0 5 ] laminate for impact study. Impacted specimens were sectioned longitudinally and transversely for observation of the damage modes. The existence of adhesive layers resulted in the following effects: delamination was effectively suppressed up to very high impact velocities; matrix cracking in the upper lamina was greatly reduced; and the contact area appreciably increased thereby reducing the stress concentration effect. An apparent disadvantage in using adhesive layers was found; that is, the bending crack in the bottom lamina which could branch out into delamination cracks when adhesive layers Were absent tended to penetrate the middle lamina and break fibers.
Material and device characterization of thin film Cu(InAl)Se/sub 2/ solar cells

Cu(InAl)Se/sub 2/ thin films have been deposited by elemental co-evaporation and solar cells with efficiency as high as 16.9% are demonstrated. The Cu(InAl)Se/sub 2/ band gap has been varied from 1.1 to 1.7 eV by increasing Al/(In+Al) from 0 to 0.5 and the effect on material and device properties is presented. A 5 nm thick Ga layer between the Mo back contact and the Cu(InAl)Se/sub 2/ film improves adhesion, allowing the substrate temperature to be increased from 450 to 530/spl deg/C during evaporation. The effects of this increase in temperature are also presented. Finally, it is shown that Cu(InAl)Se/sub 2/ cells with band gaps greater than 1.5 eV have comparable efficiencies to the best cells using other wide band gap chalcopyrite alloys.
Analysis of the Mechanism by Which Glucose Inhibits Maltose Induction of MAL Gene Expression in Saccharomyces

Expression of the MAL genes required for maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is induced by maltose and repressed by glucose. Maltose-inducible regulation requires maltose permease and the MAL-activator protein, a DNA-binding transcription factor encoded by MAL63 and its homologues at the other MAL loci. Previously, we showed that the Mig1 repressor mediates glucose repression of MAL gene expression. Glucose also blocks MAL-activator-mediated maltose induction through a Mig1p-independent mechanism that we refer to as glucose inhibition. Here we report the characterization of this process. Our results indicate that glucose inhibition is also Mig2p independent. Moreover, we show that neither overexpression of the MAL-activator nor elimination of inducer exclusion is sufficient to relieve glucose inhibition, suggesting that glucose acts to inhibit induction by affecting maltose sensing and/or signaling. The glucose inhibition pathway requires HXK2, REG1, and GSF1 and appears to overlap upstream with the glucose repression pathway. The likely target of glucose inhibition is Snf1 protein kinase. Evidence is presented indicating that, in addition to its role in the inactivation of Mig1p, Snf1p is required post-transcriptionally for the synthesis of maltose permease whose function is essential for maltose induction.
Mobile Health: Assessing the Barriers

Mobile health (mHealth) combines the decentralization of health care with patient centeredness. Mature mHealth applications (apps) and services could provide actionable information, coaching, or alerts at a fraction of the cost of conventional health care. Different categories of apps attract diverse safety and privacy regulation. It is too early to tell whether these apps can overcome questions about their use cases, business models, and regulation.
Insights from Global Project Managers: Career Advice for Successful International Assignments

Qualitative analysis techniques were used to identify recurring themes from project manager interview summaries undertaken by 120 project management students. The themes and the resulting conceptual framework provide evidence for the factors that support the development of successful global project managers. Such factors were found to include taking the initiative to acquire an in-depth understand the local environment and to develop culture and language competence.
Imide—Dimethylsiloxane block copolymers: Design and synthesis of a permanent buried oxygen ion etch barrier

Imide—siloxane multiblock copolymers were investigated. A key feature of these copolymers is the preparation of bis(aminopropyl) oligomers via anionic ring-opening polymerization. The molecular weights of the oligomers ranged from 1000 to 5000 g/mol. The oligomers were coreacted with 4,4′-oxydianaline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) diethyl ester chloride in a N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/THF—solvent mixture in the presence of N-methylmorpholine. The resulting amic ethyl ester siloxane copolymers were isolated and washed to remove homopolymer contamination. Copolymer compositions, determined by 1H-NMR, ranged from 20 to 65 wt % siloxane content and the measured compositions were close to those charged. Solutions of the copolymers were cast and cured (350°C) to effect imidization, producing clear films. The films showed tough ductile mechanical properties with moduli varying with siloxane content. The copolymers displayed good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures in the proximity of 450°C. Multiphase morphologies were observed irrespective of siloxane block lengths or compositions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 199–208, 1997
Life management of high-temperature piping and tubing in fossil power plants

Aging of power plants and competitive pressures to operate and maintain (O&M) these plants at reduced costs have heightened industry interest in life assessment and management technologies. Piping and tubing systems carrying high-pressure steam at temperatures exceeding 1000°F (530°C) have notably been the center of focus of many of these activities. Enormous progress has been made in understanding mechanisms of damage and their rate of evolution. Progressive application of improved calculational, nondestructive and destructive techniques have enabled optimum utilization of components at reduced costs. In addition, the efficacy of weld repair techniques to extend the lives of aged components has been investigated in detail. This paper will review the damage mechanisms encountered in fossil power plant boiler pressure parts and then describe in more detail life management tools that have been developed.
Ultrasonic Mitigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

Abstract Power ultrasound was investigated as an environmentally benign technique for the mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in natural gas pipeline facilities. Bacterial kill tests were performed with simulated pipeline brine containing acid-producing bacteria, Enterobacter aerogenes. The effect of sonication on the concentration of viable bacteria was determined for different pulse duty cycles, flow rates, hydrocarbon (kerosene) contents, applied pressures, and sublethal doses of a biocide (gluteraldehyde). With a fresh sonicator horn-tip, the bacterial concentration in brine containing 20 vol% kerosene can be reduced by about three orders of magnitude for a double pass of the brine through a 550-W sonicator at a flow rate of 4.8 L/h. The combination of ultrasound and 5 ppm gluteraldehyde (OHC[CH2]3CHO) decreased the bacterial concentration to undetectable levels within 4 h after sonication. The polarization resistance of API 5L Grade X-52 pipeline steel was measured in recircula...
Functional antagonism between RNA binding proteins HuR and CUGBP2 determines the fate of COX-2 mRNA translation.

Background & Aims: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is regulated at the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation by AU-rich elements (ARE) located in its 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Although structurally homologous RNA binding proteins HuR and CUGBP2 stabilize COX-2 mRNA, HuR induces whereas CUGBP2 inhibits COX-2 mRNA translation. This study aimed to determine the antagonism between these proteins on COX-2 expression. Methods: COX-2 ARE binding activity was determined by nitrocellulose filter binding and UV cross-linking assays using recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)/HuR and GST/CUGBP2. Protein:protein interactions were determined by GST pull-down, yeast 2-hybrid, and immunocytochemistry assays. Nucleocytoplasmic shutting was determined by heterokaryon analyses. The effect of CUGBP2 and HuR on COX-2 ARE-dependent translation was shown by a chimeric luciferase mRNA containing COX-2 3′UTR. HT-29 cells were subjected to 12 Gy γ-irradiation in a cesium irradiator. Results: CUGBP2 and HuR bind with similar affinities to COX-2 ARE, but CUGBP2 competes with HuR for binding. In vitro, HuR and CUGBP2 heterodimerize. Furthermore, FLAG-tagged HuR and myc-tagged CUGBP2 colocalize in the nucleus of HCT-116 cells. Moreover, both proteins shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm. In vitro, HuR enhanced whereas CUGBP2 inhibited translation of the chimeric luciferase COX-2 3′UTR mRNA. Furthermore, CUGBP2 competitively inhibited HuR-mediated translation of the transcript. In HT-29 cells transfected with HuR and CUGBP2, a switch in COX-2 mRNA binding from predominantly HuR to CUGBP2 occurred after radiation treatment, which was coupled with increased silencing of the COX-2 mRNA. Conclusions: CUGBP2 overrides HuR and suppresses COX-2 mRNA translation.
Rifampin in the Treatment of Serious Staphylococcal Infections

ABSTRACT Eight patients with serious staphylococcal infections such as endocarditis, meningitis, epidural abscess, shunt and graft infections were treated with nafcillin, cephalothin or vancomycin in combination with rifampin. In vitro antibiotic sensitivities demonstrated that the Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were highly sensitive to rifampin with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal levels of .0078–.25 μg/ml. In all patients reviewed and reported, when serum bactericidal levels were measured before and after the addition of rifampin, there was a positive correlation between microbiological and clinical outcome. Thus, in selected patients with life-threatening infections caused by S. aureus and S. epidermidis rifampin should be considered an adjunctive therapy.
Testing the Effects of Social Norms and Behavioral Privacy on Hand Washing: A Field Experiment

A 2-part study examines the influence of normative messages on college males' hand washing perceptions and behaviors. Study 1 tests for the appropriateness of hand washing as a target of social norms campaigns and tests messages designed to change perceived descriptive norms. Results indicated that hand washing behavior is appropriate for health promotion through normative influence. Study 2, a field experiment observing frequency and efficacy of hand washing behaviors, manipulates behavioral privacy and normative messages in public restrooms. Results provided no evidence for the hypothesis that social norms should be most influential for publicly enacted behaviors. Messages increased hand washing frequency, length of time water was run, and attitudes relative to control. Across all conditions, poor-quality hand washing was evidenced.
Anomalous phonon damping in the high temperature shape memory alloy Ti50Pd42Cr8

Neutron-scattering measurements of the high temperature shape memory alloy Ti50Pd50-xCrx were performed to probe the phonon precursors to the martensitic transformation. For x=0, the transformation temperature, TM, is ∼800 K[1] and, for the composition studied, x=8%, it is reduced to ∼400 K. Above this temperature the crystal possesses a simple CsCl-type cubic structure. Transverse acoustic phonons propagating along the [ζ ζ 0] direction with atomic displacements along [-ζ ζ 0] were studied at temperatures up to 873 K. The phonons are well defined near the zone center but, for ζ>0.15, they are strongly overdamped near the transition temperature, and become better defined at higher temperatures. An elastic peak develops in the cubic phase at ζ=0.22 and increases in intensity as TM is approached. However, the phonons do not show any characteristic anomaly at this particular ζ.
Welfare Indignities: Homeless Women, Domestic Violence, and Welfare Reform in San Francisco

Using data collected during a 4 year ethnography, this paper examines how the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) has impacted homeless women in San Francisco who are also victims of domestic violence. Specifically this paper looks at how the behavior of abusive men prevents homeless women from successfully navigating the new welfare-to-work requirements and maintaining stable employment. Findings indicate that despite the discourse touting the success of welfare reform, the 1996 PRWORA has further disenfranchised an already devastated population systematically forcing them further onto the margins of society.
Interactive presentation: Single-ended coding techniques for off-chip interconnects to commodity memory

This paper introduces a class of single-ended coding schemes to reduce off-chip interconnect energy consumption. State-of-the-art codes for processor-memory off-chip interfaces require the transmitter and receiver (memory controller and memory) to collaborate using current and previously transmitted values to encode and decode data. Modern embedded systems, however, cannot afford to use such double-ended codes that require specialized memories to participate in the code. In contrast, a single-ended code enables the memory controller to encode data stored in memory and subsequently decode that data when it is retrieved, allowing the use of commodity memories. In this paper, single-ended codes are presented that assign limited-weight codewords using trace-based mapping techniques. Simulation results show that such codes can reduce the energy consumption of an uncoded off-chip interconnect by up to 42.5%.
Reduction of seizures with low-dose clonazepam in children with epilepsy

The acute effects of low-dose clonazepam on seizure frequency in children with epilepsy was evaluated. In an open study, 19 children with epilepsy (15 generalized and four partial) were examined during hospitalization with recordings of seizures by trained personnel. Seizures were counted during two 24-hour periods: before and after a single intramuscular injection of clonazepam 0.01-0.04 mg/kg body weight. Plasma concentrations of clonazepam were determined. The median number of seizures in all children on control days was 22 (range = 1-180) and, on days after low-dose clonazepam, the median was 6 (range = 0-73). The relative changes demonstrated a median of -70% (range from -100% to + 43%). A significant reduction of seizures (P = 0.0031) at median maximal plasma levels of clonazepam of 23 nmol/L (range = 11-41 nmol/L) was found. Thus in this study of the acute effects of a low-dose level of clonazepam on seizure frequency a significant reduction was found at plasma levels below those usually recommended. Inhibition of seizure activity seems to be achieved already at low plasma levels of clonazepam. These results suggest to start treatment at low doses of clonazepam and evaluate the individual effect carefully during dose escalation aiming at lowest possible dose with therapeutic effect.
The perifornical area: the major focus of (a) patchily distributed hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-sensitive feeding system(s)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neurochemical found in high concentrations within hypothalamic neurons, is believed to participate in the control of eating behavior and body energy balance and elicits a powerful eating response when injected into the hypothalamus. To delineate precisely the locus of this effect, NPY (78 pmol) or its artificial cerebrospinal fluid vehicle was injected in the extremely small volume of 10 nl through chronic guide cannulae into an array of 47 different hypothalamic areas in satiated rats and the elicited food intake was measured. To determine the anatomical resolution of this technique, the spread and recovery of [125I]NPY injected in 10 nl was also assessed. Results indicate that as much as 95% of the injected label was recovered within the brain tissue and guide cannulae and that 100% of the tissue label was localized to within 0.8 mm of the injection site. Behavioral results show that the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH), at the level of the caudal paraventricular nucleus, is the most sensitive hypothalamic site for NPY-induced eating. NPY there elicited mean increases in food intake of 12.5 g over baseline at 1 h and 20.0 g at 4 h postinjection. Injections bracketing the PFH in all directions were substantially less effective. Additionally, significant effects were also observed in at least seven other sites that were distributed throughout the hypothalamus. These findings suggest both that the PFH may be the primary hypothalamic site containing feeding-related NPY-sensitive receptors and that other sites distributed within the hypothalamus also can mediate NPY's effects.
Alcohol cues, approach bias, and inhibitory control: applying a dual process model of addiction to alcohol sensitivity

Low sensitivity to the acute effects of alcohol is a risk factor for heavy drinking and related problems. However, little research has tested process explanations for such effects. The current study tested the hypothesis that low sensitivity is associated with automatic approach biases for alcohol cues, coupled with deficits inhibiting responses in the presence of such cues. Eighty-five participants varying in alcohol sensitivity completed an Alcohol-Approach Avoidance Task and a Cued Go/No-Go Task while event-related potentials were recorded. Low sensitivity (LS) individuals showed evidence of automatic approach tendencies toward alcohol cues in both tasks, and experienced deficits inhibiting prepotent responses cued by alcohol images. Additionally, the event-related potential data indicated that LS individuals experienced more conflict when attempting to inhibit alcohol-cued responses, but not nonalcohol-cued responses, compared with their high-sensitivity counterparts. Together, these data indicate that alcohol cues elicit an approach bias among LS individuals, translating into greater difficulty inhibiting behavioral responses in the presence of such cues, a pattern generally supportive of dual process models of substance use.
Abnormalities in Brain Serotonin Concentration, High-Affinity Uptake, and Tryptophan Hydroxylase Activity in Severe-Seizure Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats

Summary: We characterized the nature of the deficit in brain serotonin (5-HT) exhibited by genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-9s) by regionally assessing three markers for 5-HT terminals/neurons (5-HT content, 5-HT uptake into the P2synaptosomal fraction, and tryptophan hydroxylase activity) in GEPR-9s and nonepileptic control rats. As compared with controls, GEPR-9s had reduced brain 5-HT concentration, synaptosomal 5-HT uptake, and tryptophan hydroxylase activity (measured in vivo and in vitro) in most regions of the forebrain and in selected regions of brainstem. Analysis of kinetic constants for synaptosomal [3H]5-HT uptake and in vitro tryptophan hydroxylase activity showed that the decrements in these parameters exhibited by GEPR-9s resulted from reductions in Vmax rather than changes in Km. In general, the reduction in each of the presynaptic markers for 5-HT terminals/neurons was similar in both magnitude and in their regional distribution in the GEPR-9 brain. An exception to this was noted in the midbrain tegmentum of GEPR-9s, which displayed a significant reduction in tryptophan hydroxylase activity without showing alterations in 5-HT concentration or in high-affinity 5-HT uptake. The present findings support the hypothesis that there is a widespread reduction in the number of serotonergic terminals/neurons in GEPR-9 brain.
Compositional analysis of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films using ion beam scattering

Determination of the elemental composition is important to correlate the electrical and the optical properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films, doped with and without nitrogen. To obtain the complete picture of impurities in the UNCD thin films, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Non-Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (NRBS), Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) were performed on UNCD films on Si substrate and on free standing films. Helium beam was used for RBS and ERDA and protons were used for NRBS measurements. Exploiting the nuclear reaction of deuterons with C, O and N, 1.1 MeV D+ beam was used to quantitatively measure the concentration of these elements. Our results show that UNCD films contain less than 3% of Hydrogen while Nitrogen content incorporated in the film was estimated to be lower than 1%. The intermixing region between the substrate and the film was found to be negligible.
Investigations of ZnO thin films deposited by a reactive pulsed laser ablation

Highly transparent ZnO thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen atmosphere. The thin films were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption, and photoluminescence. We demonstrated that oriented wurtzite ZnO thin films could be deposited at room temperature using a high purity zinc target. Variable temperature photoluminescence revealed new characteristics in the band edge emission. The underlying mechanism for the observed phenomena was also discussed.
Symmetry between particle and antiparticle populations in the universe.

Microscopic model of symmetry between particle and antiparticle populations in expanding universe
Effect of the Roots on the Production of Auxin by the Coleoptile.

Since it had been shown by Skoog (1936, 1937) that removal of the seed (endosperm and scutellum) of Avena seedlings greatly reduces the production of auxin in the coleoptile tip, the question arose whether removal of the root system would have any effect upon the auxin relations of the plant. This was the purpose of the present investigation.
Diagnostic Usefulness of Pericardial Fluid Cytology

Although widely used, pericardial fluid cytology has not been adequately validated. We pooled 22 new cases with 71 previously reported cases having both fluid cytology and pericardial histopathologic examination. Cytology was correct in 87 of 93 cases (diagnostic accuracy, 94 percent). Sensitivity was 87 percent and specificity was 100 percent.
Management of Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Following Treatment with Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (Mylotarg

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) therapy may cause sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), the mechanism of which probably involves targeting of CD33+ cells in the sinusoids of the liver, activation of stellate cells, damage to sinusoidal endothelial cells, sinusoidal vasoconstriction, and ischemic hepatocyte necrosis. The clinical manifestations of this liver injury are hepatomegaly, weight gain, ascites, jaundice, and elevation of serum aminotransferase enzymes. An approach to patient management includes being certain that SOS is the correct diagnosis; ensuring that liver blood flow is optimized; and managing the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, pleural spaces, and pulmonary interstitium. Currently, there is no specific therapy that is directed at the sinusoidal pathology caused by gemtuzumab ozogamicin. There are, however, several rational therapies that might be tried in patients who exhibit adverse prognostic signs early in the course of SOS. There is also considerable ongoing hepatology research dealing with stellate cell and sinusoidal endothelial cell biology and regulation of sinusoidal blood flow that can be brought to bear on this problem in the future.
Tyr-MIF-1, identified in brain tissue, and its analogs are active in two models of antinociception.

Abstract The antiopiate activities of Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH 2 ) and some of its representative analogs were tested in two animal models of antinociception. Doses of the tetrapeptides as low as 0.001 mg/kg injected peripherally could block the analgesic effects of morphine in both the tail-flick test of mild thermal pain induced by heat and the scratching test of mild chemical pain induced by hypertonic saline. These tetrapeptides showed cross-reactivity in the radioimmunoassay ( (RIA) used to identify the presence of Tyr-MIF-1 in brain extracts and in the brain membrane binding assay. Only Tyr-MIF-1, however, eluted at the position of the immunoreactive peak after gel filtration chromotography and high performance liquid chromotography (HPLC). The results support the concept that peptides with anti-opiate activity can exist in the brain.
A numerical method for calculating transient creep flows

Abstract A method is presented for the numerical solution of the transient, low Reynolds number flow of incompressible fluids with free surfaces. The usual numerical stability restrictions related to the viscous diffusion coefficient are avoided by an implicit differencing scheme. The properties of the method are illustrated by several calculational examples.
The Orsino complex: Men who love themselves as love objects

Abstract The Duke Orsino, in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, is cited as the archetypal embodiment of a psychological complex which, it is argued, may affect many men in modern patriarchal societies. This condition named the ‘Orsino complex’ is characterized by the subject's experience of being in love with himself as a love object. It is the consequence of the subject's very early experience of his mother's dual psychological reactions to him as a male child. The first of these, and the more significant, I have called maternal phallic projection, while the second I term maternal withdrawal. I also consider the influence of the father upon this complex. While this paper remains speculative in its present form—that is, its central thesis is based on fictional and not on clinical material—it might, I hope, assist all of us working psychodynamically in understanding further some of the severe problems that male clients present in their relationships with women, as well as directing further research into the com...
Significance Of Contrast-Detail-Dose Analysis In Evaluation Of Medical Imaging Systems

The method of contrast-detail-dose analysis offers a practical way of obtaining the information content per unit dose to the patient on an imaging system. The method is described and its assets are discussed.