cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topological testing of the mechanism of homology search promoted by RecA protein

To initiate homologous recombination, sequence similarity between two DNA molecules must be searched for and homology recognized. How the search for and recognition of homology occurs remains unproven. We have examined the influences of DNA topology and the polarity of RecA-single-stranded (ss)DNA filaments on the formation of synaptic complexes promoted by RecA. Using two complementary methods and various ssDNA and duplex DNA molecules as substrates, we demonstrate that topological constraints on a small circular RecA-ssDNA filament prevent it from interwinding with its duplex DNA target at the homologous region. We were unable to detect homologous pairing between a circular RecA-ssDNA filament and its relaxed or supercoiled circular duplex DNA targets. However, the formation of synaptic complexes between an invading linear RecA-ssDNA filament and covalently closed circular duplex DNAs is promoted by supercoiling of the duplex DNA. The results imply that a triplex structure formed by non-Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding is unlikely to be an intermediate in homology searching promoted by RecA. Rather, a model in which RecA-mediated homology searching requires unwinding of the duplex DNA coupled with local strand exchange is the likely mechanism. Furthermore, we show that polarity of the invading RecA-ssDNA does not affect its ability to pair and interwind with its circular target duplex DNA.
Sex Differences in Dominance Behavior.

The effect of the status characteristic of sex on dominance behavior was investigated as a function of a challenger's sex and in relation to one's sex-role orientation. Dyads composed of a student and a confederate recorded individual preferences, then joint decisions, for the more attractive picture of 20 pairs of pictures. The number of challenges a student sustained each time a disagreement occurred regarding the more attractive picture of a pair was recorded. Males withstood significantly more challenges against their preferences than females did (p<.006). However, no differences were found as a function of the sex of one's partner; nor did the Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS) prove to be a good predictor of dominance. Results were discussed in terms of predictions made by the theory of status characteristics.
Enhancing Preschoolers’ Self-Regulation Via Mindful Yoga

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based yoga intervention in promoting self-regulation among preschool children (3–5 years old). Twenty-nine children (16 intervention and 13 control) participated in the yearlong study that used a quasi experimental pretest/posttest treatment and control design. The mindful yoga intervention was implemented regularly by the classroom teacher for the treatment group. Treatment and control participants completed evaluations that assessed multiple indices of children’s self-regulation (i.e., attention, delay of gratification and inhibitory control) using a combination of parent report and direct assessments. Results from the direct assessments indicated significant effects of the intervention across all three indices of self-regulation. There was also some evidence that the children who were most at risk of self-regulation dysfunction benefited the most from the intervention. Implications of this study for current practice in early childhood education are discussed along with possibilities for future research in this area.
Analytical determination of the measure of stability of triple stellar systems

An analytical stability eriterion is given by the limiting value of the ratio of the semi-major axes of the outer star and inner binary and Harrington's (1972) numerically obtained results are slightly modified for planar systems in direct motion.
An Exploration of the Nanoworld with LEGO Bricks

LEGO bricks can be used for a number of demonstrations of chemical structures and properties, especially at the nanoscale level. These bricks can also be used to model instrumentation that probes these structures and properties. Detailed resources about many of these demonstrations are located on the extensive Web site “Exploring the Nanoworld with LEGO Bricks” at http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/LEGO. This article describes the major features of the Web site, some of the site history and recent additions, and some related efforts that have had origins in this site.
A phage P1 virulent mutation at a new map location.

Abstract A newly isolated Pl virulent mutation, vir 11, is not suppressed by reb mutations that suppress P1 vir B mutations. The location of P1 vir ll on the vegetative phage map is at the left-most end, beyond all other known markers. Thus, in the circular prophage, vir II may be closely linked to the cl repressor gene.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of membrane proteins: Demonstration of a simple method to determine subunit molecular weights of hydrophobic subunits

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has been used to obtain accurate molecular weight information for each subunit of several hydrophobic integral membrane proteins: cytochrome bo3 (4 subunits) and cytochrome bd (2 subunits) from E. coli, and the be1 complex (3 subunits) and the cytochrome c oxidase (3 subunits) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The results demonstrate that the MALDI method is a convenient, quick, sensitive and reliable means for obtaining the molecular masses of the subunits of purified multisubunit membrane proteins.
Diffuse Jovian aurora influenced by plasma injection from Io

The paper demonstrates that the broad band of whistler-mode waves observed within the high density torus surrounding Io is consistent with electron cyclotron generation. Cyclotron resonant instability of Jovian energetic electrons is enhanced due to the lower resonant electron energy within the equatorial high density plasma torus surrounding the orbit of Io. The higher energy resonant electron scattering and the corresponding energetic electron lifetimes indicate that an efficient local acceleration process is required to replenish the precipitating relativistic electrons. Calculated energy deposition into the Jovian atmosphere should provide a dominant source of middle atmospheric ionization and excite a continuous band of diffuse auroral emission. It is suggested that the diffuse Jovian aurora should be influenced by the variable volcanic activity on Io which is thought to be an important source of plasma, since the cyclotron scattering process is strongly influenced by the ambient equatorial thermal plasma density.
Adsorption of protein/surfactant complexes at the air/aqueous interface.

Abstract We use optical reflectometry and surface pressure techniques to measure co-adsorption of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the protein lysozyme at the air–aqueous interface. We observe lysozyme/SDS co-adsorption behavior in two different buffers for which solution-phase binding data are available in the literature. The co-adsorption of lysozyme/SDS complexes is controlled by the mode of protein/surfactant binding that occurs in solution. In a pH 5.0 acetate buffer, the extent of co-adsorption is weakly dependent on SDS concentration throughout the specific and transitional binding regimes. In a pH 6.9 phosphate buffer, the extent of co-adsorption is weakly dependent on SDS concentration in the specific binding regime, but it increases dramatically, giving rise to multilayer co-adsorption, in the transitional binding regime. In both buffers, the extent of co-adsorption dramatically decreases in the cooperative binding regime. Lysozyme/SDS co-adsorption is strongly influenced by kinetically trapped non-equilibrium adsorbed layer states, such that adsorbed amounts are markedly path-dependent. Surface pressure measurements by themselves do not capture the variations in adsorption in the different binding regimes, nor do they capture the path-dependency of co-adsorption.
Encapsulation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Esters with Solid Lipid Particles

Abstract: Encapsulation of structurally sensitive compounds within a solid lipid matrix provides a barrier to prooxidant compounds and effectively limits the extent of oxidative degradation. This offers a simple approach to preserve the bioactivity of labile structures. The technology was developed for cosmetic and pharmaceutical products but may be applied to additives used in food and feed formulations. The encapsulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and -linolenic acid (ALA) was examined as model compounds of current interest in functional foods and feeds. Solid lipid particles were prepared from triglycerides containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal characteristics of the lipids used to form the particle were related to molecular structure and could be adjusted by selection of the appropriate component fatty acids. Encapsulation by solid lipid particles provides a method to inhibit oxidation and improve shelf life of products formulated with DHA and ALA.
Studies on the nature and localization of acid phosphatase in normal and lens‐regenerating urodele eyes. I. Histochemical localization

Histochemical procedures for acid phosphatase in normal and lens-regenerating eyes of the urodele Diemictylus viridescens demonstrate activity in a variety of structures. In the normal urodele eye, acid phosphatase is present in conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells and associated glands, in blood vessel endothelium and posterior epithelial cells of the iris, in the anterior lens epithelium, and in the cytoplasm of the optic nerve. Acid phosphatase in the lens-regenerating eye is localized in the same structures as in the normal eye as well as in increased amounts in the corneal epithelial cells and stromal macrophages at the lentectomy wound site and in the posterior portion of the developing lens during completion of differentiation of primary into mature lens fibers characterized by loss of many intracellular organelles. On the basis of these histochemical findings, it is proposed that hydrolytic lysosomal enzymes play an important role in the processes of cellular and intracellular destruction and synthesis which occur during Wolffian lens regeneration in the urodele.
Does CTAP prior to hepatic resection improve patient survival rates

The purpose of our study was to compare survival rates of colon carcinoma patients who had undergone attempted curative hepatic resection based on liver staging by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or portography (CTAP) with previously reported survival rates of patients who underwent similar surgery without preoperative CTAP evaluations. A total of 404 CTAP studies performed at three institutions were reviewed. Of this group, 197 had colon carcinoma. Sixty-nine of the colon patients went to surgery. Actuarial adjusted yearly survival rates were calculated for the prior CTAP colon group and compared to historical controls. The control survival data were taken from reports published prior to the CTAP era. Our study demonstrated no difference in the 1-year survival data between the groups. However, the CTAP patients had greater survival in years 2–4. This greater survival may be multifactorial but in part due to better surgical selection caused by CTAP.
Ground-Water Fluctuations in Response to Arbitrary Pumpage

The problem of predicting water level changes in an aquifer due to variable pumpage is approached by using the convolution integral. Equations for a nonleaky artesian aquifer and a leaky artesian aquifer with negligible storage in the confining layer are presented. Computational results compare favorably with type curves for hypothetical cases with constant pumping. A practical example using variable pumpage from several pumping centers shows the applicability of the technique and its value in interpreting water level variations.
Systems of cities in closed and open economies

Abstract This paper investigates the equilibrium properties of the system of cities in an economy. First, for a closed economy, the numbers of each type of city, their capital-to-labor ratios and their wages and costs of living, are solved for. Then the characteristics of international trade between open economies composed of systems of cities are examined, through an evaluation of standard trade theorems. This leads into topics in regional economics, such as migration and regional specialization.
Dynamic stability of a curved rail under a moving load

Abstract The stability of a curved rail under a constant moving load has been investigated using a linear theory; critical speeds of the moving load, and the dynamic rail deflections and rotation were calculated. The effect of the foundation was included through distributed linear springs. It was assumed that the moving load remains in constant contact with the rail and travels along a fixed path on the rail head.
TERE1, a novel gene affecting growth regulation in prostate carcinoma.

Recently, we isolated a ubiquitously expressed gene designated TERE1, which has a significant effect on the growth regulation in bladder cancer. The TERE1 gene maps to chromosome 1p36.11-1p36.33 between the micro-satellite markers D1S2667 and D1S434, a chromosome locus that has been identified by loss of heterozygosity studies as a site of a putative tumor suppressor gene or genes for multiple tumor types including prostate carcinoma. The expression of the TERE1 transcript and protein was examined in a series of thirty microdissected prostate tumors by semi-quantitative RT/PCR and immunohistochemistry. There was a significant 61% decrease in the TERE1 transcript in prostate carcinoma (CaP) and a distinct loss of the TERE1 protein in metstatic prostate. Though a loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p36 was found in 25% of these prostate tumors, there appeared to be no TERE1 mutations present in these tumor samples. Induced TERE1 expression after transduction or transfection of TERE1 constructs into two prostate carcinoma (LNCaP and PC-3) cell lines significantly decreased proliferation up to 80% with a significant increase in the number of cells in G1. Serum factors but not DHT (dihydrotestosterone) appear to regulate the amount of TERE1 protein in the androgen responsive LNCaP cell line. Additionally, we have identified by microarray analysis various growth regulatory genes that are down-regulated or up-regulated in TERE1-transduced PC-3 cells. Altogether, these data suggest that TERE1 maybe significant in prostate cancer growth regulation and the down regulation or absence of TERE1 may be an important component of the phenotype of advanced disease.
The Reactances of Synchronous Machines

Until somewhat recently, synchronous machine theory has been satisfied with a relatively few characteristic constants, or reactances, in terms of which the behavior of machines has been calculated. Present theory, however, requires many more coefficients. There are now generally recognized two values each of leakage, synchronous, and transient reactance which correspond to the two symmetrical axes of magnetization of the armature current and which refer to balanced operation. Negative and zero phase-sequence reactances are also employed to determine operation under unbalanced conditions, and it is possible and desirable to distinguish other reactances. In view of the increasing complexity of the subject it is felt that a critical survey of it is in order and the object of the paper has been to provide that survey. The paper has been divided into two parts. Part I is descriptive, and treats the subject with regard to those factors which are important to application or operating engineers, and to designers. In particular, the major types of reactances which include the synchronous, transient, and phase-sequence reactances, are discussed. These quantities are defined and their methods of test outlined. It appears necessary to consider a second type of transient reactance, namely sub-transient reactance. Both reactances may be determined from short-circuit oscillograms as illustrated in the paper. A table is included which gives the numerical range of reactances for the various types of synchronous machines. Part II discusses the theoretical considerations, with a view to broadening and classifying existing conceptions of reactance.
Sacred scholars, profane advocates intellectuals molding national consciousness in Greece

Central to the multifaceted process of nation‐building are the cultural politics involved in the construction of national ideology. This paper examines the role of academics and intellectuals in shaping public discourse and popular national consciousness on the Macedonian issue in contemporary Greece. It explores how those holding institutionalized positions of power in government, academic circles, and the media have constructed and projected an often teleological nationalistic interpretation of history and contemporary politics that defends so‐called national interests by stifling public political debate and dissenting interpretations of historical evidence. It addresses how such individuals, as protectors of a “sacred” truth of national history, applied their powerful social capital to attack and de‐legitimize a group of cultural critics who recently challenged the dominant national consensus of knowledge and historical understanding surrounding the Macedonian controversy.
Derivation of a Germline Competent Transgenic Fischer 344 Embryonic Stem Cell Line

Embryonic stem (ES) cell-based gene manipulation is an effective method for the generation of mutant animal models in mice and rats. Availability of germline-competent ES cell lines from inbred rat strains would allow for creation of new genetically modified models in the desired genetic background. Fischer344 (F344) males carrying an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) transgene were used as the founder animals for the derivation of ES cell lines. After establishment of ES cell lines, rigorous quality control testing that included assessment of pluripotency factor expression, karyotype analysis, and pathogen/sterility testing was conducted in selected ES cell lines. One male ES cell line, F344-Tg.EC4011, was further evaluated for germline competence by injection into Dark Agouti (DA) X Sprague Dawley (SD) blastocysts. Resulting chimeric animals were bred with wild-type SD mates and germline transmissibility of the ES cell line was confirmed by identification of pups carrying the ES cell line-derived EGFP transgene. This is the first report of a germline competent F344 ES cell line. The availability of a new germline competent ES cell line with a stable fluorescence reporter from an inbred transgenic rat strain provides an important new resource for genetic manipulations to create new rat models.
Micromotor‐Based Energy Generation

A micromotor-based strategy for energy generation, utilizing the conversion of liquid-phase hydrogen to usable hydrogen gas (H2), is described. The new motion-based H2-generation concept relies on the movement of Pt-black/Ti Janus microparticle motors in a solution of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) fuel. This is the first report of using NaBH4 for powering micromotors. The autonomous motion of these catalytic micromotors, as well as their bubble generation, leads to enhanced mixing and transport of NaBH4 towards the Pt-black catalytic surface (compared to static microparticles or films), and hence to a substantially faster rate of H2 production. The practical utility of these micromotors is illustrated by powering a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell car by an on-board motion-based hydrogen and oxygen generation. The new micromotor approach paves the way for the development of efficient on-site energy generation for powering external devices or meeting growing demands on the energy grid.
Computational Study of Reductive Elimination Reactions to Form C−H Bonds from Platinum(II) and Platinum(IV) Centers with Strongly Coordinating Trimethylphosphine Ligands

B3LYP calculations have been performed on the effects of replacing PH3 with PMe3 ligands in the reductive elimination of methane from cis-hydridomethyl−bisphosphine platinum(II) and platinum(IV) model complexes. In both the Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes, the replacement of PH3 ligands by the more strongly basic PMe3 ligands is predicted to favor a direct mechanism for reductive elimination over one in which the initial step is phosphine ligand loss. However, the effect of the increased platinum−phosphine binding enthalpy on the ligand-predissociation mechanism was found to be partially canceled by an increase in the barrier height computed for the direct mechanism. It was possible to locate the transition structures for direct reductive elimination of methane from several isomers of Cl2(PMe3)2Pt(CH3)H. In contrast, the lower binding enthalpy of PH3, compared to PMe3, made it impossible to locate the transition structures for direct elimination from the corresponding isomers of Cl2(PH3)2Pt(CH3)H. Our computa...
Experimental Evidence for a New Single-Event Upset (SEU) Mode in a CMOS SRAM Obtained from Model Verification

Modeling of SEU has been done in a CMOS static RAM containing one-micron channel-length transistors fabricated from a P-well epilayer process using both circuit-and numerical-simulation techniques. The modeling results have been experimentally verified with the aid of heavy-ion beams obtained from a three-stage tandem van de Graaff accelerator. Experimental evidence for a new SEU mode in an on n-channel device is presented.
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Occurs after Hemorrhage in Nonheparinized but Not in Preheparinized Models

Abstract Although hemorrhage produces alterations in hemodynamics and cellular functions, it is not known whether endothelial cell function is depressed under such conditions and, if so, whether preheparinization has any protective effect on this function. To study this, rats (with or without heparinization prior to hemorrhage, 1 U/g body wt) were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg until 40% of maximal bleedout volume was returned in the form of lactated Ringer's solution (LR). The rats were then resuscitated with four times the volume of maximal bleedout in the form of LR. At 1.5 hr postresuscitation, the thoracic aorta was removed, cut into ∼2.5-mm rings, and placed in organ chambers. Norepinephrine (2 × 10 -7 M ) was applied to achieve near-maximal contraction, and dose responses for an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, were determined. Hypoxia-induced contraction (an endothelium-dependent process) was also carried out using 95% N 2 :5% CO 2 . The results indicate that endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction were markedly depressed following hemorrhage and resuscitation in nonheparinized, but not in preheparinized models. However, there was no significant difference in the relaxation induced by an endothelium-independent vasodilator, nitroglycerin, irrespective of heparinization. Thus, endothelial cell dysfunction (i.e., the depressed capacity of aortic endothelium to maximally release endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors) occurs after hemorrhage in nonheparinized, but not in preheparinized animals. Since trauma victims are not heparinized before the injury and since preheparinization protects endothelial cell function, pharmacologic agents to restore the depressed cellular function should be tested only in nonheparinized models of hemorrhage and resuscitation.
Residents' perceptions of a night float system.

A Night Float (NF) system has been implemented by many institutions to address increasing concerns about residents' work hours. The purpose of our study was to examine the perceptions of residents towards a NF system. A 115-item questionnaire was developed to assess residents' perceptions of the NF rotation as compared with a regular call month. The categories included patient care, education, medical errors, and overall satisfaction. Internal Medicine housestaff (post-graduate years 1–3) from three hospital settings at the University of Pittsburgh completed the questionnaire. The response rate was 90% (n = 149). Of these, 74 had completed the NF rotation. The housestaff felt that the quality of patient care was improved because of NF (41% agreed and 18% disagreed). A majority also felt that better care was provided by a rested physician in spite of being less familiar with the patient (46% agreed and 21% disagreed). Most felt that there was less emphasis on education (65%) and more emphasis on service (52%) during NF. Overall, the residents felt more rested during their call months (83%) and strongly supported the 80-hour workweek requirement (77%). Housestaff felt that the overall quality of patient care was improved by a NF system. The perceived improved quality of care by a rested physician coupled with a perceived decrease in the emphasis on education may have significant implications in housestaff training.
Effect of Valence and Chemical Species of Added Electrolyte on Polyelectrolyte Conformations and Interactions

The effect of added electrolyte (AE) valence and species on polyelectrolytes was studied using automatic, continuous mixing (ACM), allowing measurements over composition gradients. The second virial coefficient A2 was decomposed into contributions from an electrostatically sensitive mean- square gyration radius 〈S2〉 and an external electrostatic field. 〈S2〉 matched predictions of combined electrostatic persistence length and excluded-volume theories, without adjustable parameters. A2 was modeled via an equivalent, soft-core, expansible, charged sphere. Whereas the scaling behavior of 〈S2〉, intrinsic viscosity ( ), and A2 was the same for all AE, the prefactors strongly depended on AE symmetry and valence. At given ionic strength 〈S2〉 ,( ), A2, effective linear charge density, and expansible sphere surface potential are less for divalent than monovalent AE. Different ion species for a given valence class showed second-order effects following a Hoffmeister series. ACM should also prove valuable for investigating AE-induced phase transitions in polyelectrolytes like DNA and proteins.
Enhanced Cytotoxic Function of Natural Killer and CD3+CD56+ Cells in Cord Blood after Culture

Abstract Rate of immune reconstitution directly correlates with the number of hematopoietic stem cells infused and is particularly delayed in patients undergoing cord blood (CB) transplantation (CBT). Methods to increase the number of CB natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to improve immune reconstitution after CBT. NK cells are the first lymphocyte population to recover after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation and are central to preventing early relapse and infection. CB NK cells are low in number and are known to be incomplete in maturation and require activation for effective function. Here, we report a clinically relevant ex vivo expansion method that increases the number of activated CB NK cells. We report a multilog increase in NK cell number when CB mononuclear cells are cocultured with IL-2 and IL-15. Furthermore, NK cells expressing activating receptors and adhesion molecules responsible for cytotoxicity increased throughout culture, whereas inhibitory receptor expression remained low. Additionally, cytotoxic function against various malignancies was significantly enhanced in cultured NK cells but not CD3+CD56+ cells. These data suggest that ex vivo expansion and activation of CB NK cells is a clinically feasible and relevant approach to prevent early infection and relapse after CBT.
Use of a raster framebuffer in vision research

For the study of human and animal vision, the video framebuffer is the only technology that is capable of displaying two-dimensional images with precise control of contrast, luminance, and display timing. The video framebuffer also allows precise control of color. However, this device is not designed for precise psychophysical displays, and techniques must be developed to use them in this role. In order to be concrete, an RDS-3000 raster display system (Adage, 1982) is used which is hosted by a PDP-11/73 under the Venix operating system. The principles generalize to other machines. Where it clarifies the issues, the syntax of the software routines involved is shown.
Biocontrol-Parasite: Parasitoid–Host and Crop Loss Assessment Simulation Model

A model (BIOCONTROL-PARASITE) that simulates host and parasitoid population interactions, parasitism rates, and plant damage is described. BIOCONTROL-PARASITE can simulate many different species of phytophagous insects, parasitoids, and plants because specifics of the insect and plant biology are entered through menus at the beginning of a simulation. Augmentative releases of egg and nymphal parasitoids also can be simulated. The accuracy of BIOCONTROL-PARASITE predictions was tested by comparing them with field estimates of Lygus hesperus (Knight), in an alfalfa agroecosystem with Anaphes iole (Girault), and Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) as egg and nymphal parasitoids, respectively. BIOCONTROL-PARASITE predicted L. hesperus nymphal and adult populations, egg and nymphal parasitism rates, and plant state with reasonable accuracy. Simulations with and without parasitoids predicted that egg and nymphal parasitoid populations created by way of augmentative releases would reduce the L. hesperus population, but would not greatly decrease feeding damage and subsequent loss of alfalfa seed. Simulations predicted that releasing both egg and nymphal parasitoids would decrease L. hesperus egg, nymphal, and adult populations slightly below levels achieved by releasing only egg parasitoids. Estimates of seed yields from simulations with and without L. hesperus indicated that about one-third of the alfalfa seed crop would be eaten by L. hesperus. Using BIOCONTROL-PARASITE as a tool for identifying parasitoid species that might be candidates for mass rearing and release as biocontrol agents and to test the applicability and realism of data collected from laboratory experiments of host-parasitoid interactions is discussed. The assumptions and limitations of the model also are described.
The meaning of detachment in Daoism, Buddhism, and Stoicism

Ki-duk, illustrates the issues about detachment addressed in this essay. Virtually the whole film takes place in a tiny Buddhist monastery floating on a tree-lined lake. As the film begins in summer, a monk is shown raising a young boy, his protege. The lessons the monk teaches the boy about his relationship to others concern childish cruelty to a fish, a snake, and a frog. No other people enter the picture until the boy grows into a teen-ager and a young woman comes to the monastery to recover from illness. He discovers his sensuality and passion for her, but when his master discovers their relationship, she is sent away and he is warned about forming attachments. The boy leaves the monastery to pursue the girl, and, unable to control his passion in the face of disappointment, kills her. Years later, the boy, now a sobered and repentant man, returns to the monastery, his master dead, but now ready to take the place his Master had intended for him. The movie ends in spring again, the monk taking on the raising of a young boy. Many will see the film as embodying universal themes about the cycle of tragic desire and the possibility of redemption. Buddhists might take it as con-firmation of the suffering wrought by desire. However, the film also can evoke skeptical questions about Buddhist advocacy of detachment. The fact that the young man was overwhelmed by passion is no surprise, given his isolation, ex-cept for the monk, from other human beings. Nor is it a surprise that his ac-tions in the outside world led to disaster. Raised as he was, the boy lacked any ability to navigate in the human world of relationships, any ability to recover from romantic disappointment or to moderate his rage. Buddhism, or one ex-
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiation therapy: the role of neck dissection for clinically positive neck nodes.

Abstract This is an analysis of 161 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with irradiation to the primary site and neck followed by a neck dissection(s) for clinically positive neck nodes. Patients were treated between October 1964 and December 1982; there was a minimum 2-year follow-up. Fifty-two patients were deleted from analysis of neck disease control because they died of intercurrent disease or cancer less than 2 years from treatment with the neck continuously disease-free. All patients are included in the analysis of complications. Neck disease control rate was the same for radiation plus neck dissection or radiation therapy alone for solitary nodes less than 3 cm. As the size and number of nodes increased, there was a higher rate of neck disease control for combined treatment as compared with irradiation alone. The neck disease control rate, size for size, was lower for patients with fixed nodes and for those with residual tumor in the pathologic specimen. There was no difference in neck disease control as a function of the interval between irradiation and neck dissection. For nodes ≤6 cm, a minimum node dose of 5000 rad appeared to be sufficient for control, whereas for nodes > 6 cm, at least 6000 rad appeared to be required for optimal control. Fixed nodes required a higher dose compared to mobile masses. The incidence of postoperative complications was increased with maximum subcutaneous doses of ≥6000 rad. There was also an increased incidence of postoperative complications for patients undergoing simultaneous, as compared with staged, bilateral neck dissection.
R-spondin3 prevents mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced tissue damage by tightening endothelium and preventing vascular leakage

Inflammation and vascular injury triggered by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in a number of clinical settings. Wnt and its homolog partners R-spondins, in addition to regulating embryonic development have recently been demonstrated to serve as wound-healing agents in inflammation-associated conditions. Here we ask whether R-spondins could prevent inflammation-associated tissue damage in ischemic disorders and thus investigate the role of R-spondin3 (R-spo3) in a mouse model of mesenteric I/R. We demonstrate that R-spo3 ameliorates mesenteric I/R-induced local intestinal as well as remote lung damage by suppressing local and systemic cytokine response and deposition of IgM and complement in intestinal tissues. We also show that decreased inflammatory response is accompanied by tightening of endothelial cell junctions and reduction in vascular leakage. We conclude that R-spo3 stabilizes endothelial junctions and inhibits vascular leakage during I/R and thereby mitigates the inflammatory events and associated tissue damage. Our findings uniquely demonstrate a protective effect of R-spo3 in I/R-related tissue injury and suggest a mechanism by which it may have these effects.
A Structural Equation Model for Predicting Business Student Performance

In this study, the authors developed a structural equation model that accounted for 79% of the variability of a student's final grade point average by using a sample size of 147 students. The model is based on student grades in 4 foundational business courses: introduction to business, macroeconomics, statistics, and using databases. Educators and administrators can use a valid structural equation model as (a) a criterion for admitting students to business school, (b) an advising tool to suggest to underperforming students that a major other than business should be considered, and (c) a tool to suggest that mentoring is necessary.
International technology transfer for improved production functions

Abstract The U.S., suddenly becoming a net debtor nation for the first time in three generations, could license middle-level technologies to Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) in return for adapting the inventions to suit Asian markets as innovations, and thereby raise 300% or more the recipient country's technology level while reducing the U.S. deficit. The modus operandi is presented. The selection of a sample 10 Taiwan companies and multinationals is described. The results of in-depth interviews identify 15 hi-technologies that Taiwan's corporate management would like to have, but cannot obtain because of Taiwan's piracy image. It is proposed that Taiwan identify a sequence of three hi-tech inventions, illustratively ranking 45, 50, and 55 (or higher) on a scale of 1–100, the top 96–100 being currently imbedded in products marketed by hi-tech inventors. The sequence of high and higher technologies will ensure that the production function is increasingly efficient, producing better products more cheaply.
Antimicrobial effects of antioxidants with and without clarithromycin on Helicobacter pylori

Increasing resistance to currently used antimicrobials has resulted in the evaluation of other agents that have antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 49503 (a toxin-producing strain known to be associated with gastric cancer) was grown, a cell suspension prepared in 2 mL PBS and diluted 10-fold. One hundred μL of this cell suspension was added to vitamin C 0.5%, vitamin E 0.5%, garcinol 100 μg/mL, Protykin® (containing 50% rans-resveratrol) 100 μg/mL and garcinol + Protykin® 100 μg/mL in Lennox broth, and incubated for 16 h under microaerophilic conditions. Three replicates of 10 μL from each 10−7 dilution tube were plated, colonies were counted after 16 h, and growth of H. pylori was confirmed by the CLO® test. These colony counts were compared to control cultures without the addition of any antioxidants. The experiments were then repeated with the addition of 15 μg/mL of clarithromycin to experimental and control samples. Enhanced killing of H. pylori by 37.6% was noted when vitamin C was added, which increased to 66% when clarithromycin was added, compared to controls (p < 0.05). With garcinol and Protykin® alone there was 91.4 and 87% killing of H. pylori, respectively, while a combination of garcinol + Protykin® resulted in 90.8% killing compared to controls (p < 0.05). When clarithromycin was added, there was 76.3% increased killing with garcinol alone, 55.3% with Protykin® alone, and 73.7% with garcinol + Protykin® compared to controls (containing clarithromycin) (p < 0.05). Vitamin E had no effect on H. pylori growth compared to controls. We conclude from this study that some antioxidants such as vitamin C, garcinol and Protykin®, but not vitamin E, may have potential as antimicrobial agents against H. pylori. (Mol Cell Biochem 270: 125–130, 2005)
Frequency Control of a Slow Oscillatory Network by a Fast Rhythmic Input: Pyloric to Gastric Mill Interactions in the Crab Stomatogastric Nervous Systema

The stomatogastic nervous system of the crab, Cancer borealis, produces a slow gastric mill rhythm and a fast pyloric rhythm. When the gastric mill rhythm is not active, stimulation of the modulatory commissural ganglion neuron 1 (MCN1) activates a gastric mill rhythm in which the lateral gastric (LG) neuron fires in antiphase with interneuron 1 (Int1). We present theoretical and experimental data that indicate that the period of the MCN1 activated gastric mill rhythm depends on the strength and time course of the MCN1 evoked slow excitatory synaptic potential (EPSP) in the LG neuron, and on the strength of inhibition of Int 1 by the pacemaker of the pyloric network. This work demonstrates a new mechanism by which a slow network oscillator can be controlled by a much faster oscillatory neuron or network and suggests that modulation of the slow oscillator can occur by direct action on the neurons and synapses of the slow oscillator, or indirectly by actions on the fast oscillator and its synaptic connection with the slow oscillator.
Authorizing Students’ Perspectives: Toward Trust, Dialogue, and Change in Education

This article argues for attending to the perspectives of those most directly affected by, but least often consulted about, educational policy and practice: students. The argument for authorizing student perspectives runs counter to U.S. reform efforts, which have been based on adults’ ideas about the conceptualization and practice of education. This article outlines and critiques a variety of recent attempts to listen to students, including constructivist and critical pedagogies, postmodern and poststructural feminisms, educational researchers’ and social critics’ work, and recent developments in the medical and legal realms, almost all of which continue to unfold within and reinforce adults’ frames of reference. This discussion contextualizes what the author argues are the twin challenges of authorizing student perspectives: a change in mindset and changes in the structures in educational relationships and institutions.
Effects of employment status and marital status on perceptions of mothers

Forty-eight female and 48 male adults at a shopping mall evaluated a briefly depicted adult female stimulus person on 24 7-point bipolar scales that described personality traits and professional performance characteristics. Each subject rated one of four mothers of a young child. The mother was portrayed as either employed or nonemployed, and as either divorced or married. Employed mothers were perceived as more professionally competent but as less dedicated to their families than were nonemployed mothers. Married mothers were rated as more nurturant and as better adjusted than divorced mothers.
First stage of spinodal decomposition observed by forced rayleigh scattering

Abstract The dynamics of an isolated concentration fluctuation was studied in a critical mixture of 2,6-lutidine and water. Crossover from exponential decay to growth occurred when the sample temperature exceeded T c .
Fundamental length hypothesis and new concept of gauge vector field

Abstract Through an analysis of quantum field theory with “fundamental length” l [1–10], a new concept of gauge vector field is determined. The electromagnetic field is considered in detail. The new electromagnetic potential turns out to be a 5-vector associated with the De Sitter group SO(4,1). The extra fifth component, called τ-photon, similar to the scalar and longitudinal photons, does not correspond to an independent dynamical degree of freedom. Gauge-invariant equations of motion for all components of the electromagnetic 5-potential are found. Though the new gauge group remains Abelian, it is nevertheless larger than the conventional gauge group. In particular, the new gauge transformations intrinsically depend on the fundamental length l . Therefore one can consider them as a base for modification of QED at small distances (≲ l ) in a profound way. The underlying physics becomes much richer due to the appearance of new interactions mediated by the τ-photons [14].
A new approach to the preparation of 2-substituted tetrahydrofurans with alpha-syn selectivity

Abstract A strategy for selectively preparing 2-substituted tetrahydrofurans bearing α-syn side chain stereochemistry, based on intramolecular 2-oxetanone ring opening, has been demonstrated. A new approach to the preparation of 3,4-disubstituted 2-oxetanones is also presented.
Simulations of high-latitude spots on Jupiter: Constraints on vortex strength and the deep wind

Abstract We combine high-resolution observations of the dynamical behavior of small vortices (diameters ⩽5000 km) located at latitude 60°N on Jupiter with forward modeling, using the EPIC atmospheric model, to address two open questions: the dependence of the zonal winds with depth, and the strength of vortices that are too small to apply cloud tracking to their internal structure. The observed drift rates of the vortices can only be reproduced in the model when the zonal winds increase slightly with depth below the cloud tops, with a vertical shear that is less than was measured at 7°N at the southern rim of a 5-μm hotspot by the Galileo Probe Doppler Wind Experiment (DWE). This supports the idea that Jupiter's vertical shear may vary significantly with latitude. Our simulations suggest that the morphology of the mergers between vortices mainly depends on their maximum tangential velocities, the best results occurring when the tangential velocity is close to the velocity difference of the alternating jets constraining the zone in which the vortices are embedded. We use this correlation, together with the high-resolution data available for the White Ovals, to derive an empirical relationship between the maximum tangential velocity of a jovian vortex and its size, normalized by the strength and size of the encompassing shear zone. The Great Red Spot stands out as a significant anomaly to this relationship, but interestingly it is becoming less so with time.
Modulating the movement of hydrogel actuator based on catechol–iron ion coordination chemistry

Abstract Hydrogel actuators were prepared by combining ionoprinting technique with reversible metal ion coordination chemistry found in mussel adhesive proteins. Hydrogels were formulated with dopamine methacrylamide (DMA), which contains a catechol side chain that forms strong complexes with ferric (Fe3+) ions. Catechol–Fe3+ ion complexation increased local crosslinking density, which induced hydrogel bending at the site of ionoprinting. The effect of multiple factors on the dynamic response of hydrogel actuation was tracked by following the bending curvature at the ionoprinting site. In general, the extent and rate of hydrogel actuation increased with increasing pH, deposited Fe3+ ion content, and DMA content but was inversely proportional to hydrogel thickness. The ability to modulate hydrogel actuation using multiple parameters is potentially useful in controlling the actuator movements. Additionally, Fe3+ ion-containing bulk hydrogels demonstrated significant reduction in molecular weight between crosslinks as well as elevated storage and loss modulus values based on oscillatory rheometry when compared to those of Fe3+-free control. These differences in physical and viscoelastic properties contributed to the actuation of ionoprinted samples. Specifically, conditions that promoted a large crosslinking differential between the ionoprinted region and the bulk hydrogel (i.e., outside of the ionoprinted region) contributed to increased rate and extent of hydrogel folding. Faster actuation at elevated pH levels was attributed to the formation of complexes with higher catechol:Fe3+ ion stoichiometric ratios. Hydrogel actuation and deswelling were also observed at pH of 3.5 although to a lesser degree, potentially due to a stronger affinity between network-bound catechol and Fe3+ ions as compared to complexes formed in a dilute solution.
Modality-specific processing streams in verbal working memory: evidence from spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity

Abstract The present study was concerned with whether there are separate, modality-specific processing “streams” in verbal working memory for information that is heard or read. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) recorded from scalp of normal humans to show between-modality differences in spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity during retention in working memory of aurally or visually presented verbal information. The ERP patterns suggested that a sustained, automatically maintained auditory store was activated by auditory presentation and a transient, visual-verbal store was activated by visual presentation. In addition to these modality-specific differences, the ERPs indicated that the phonological loop was activated in both modalities and further suggested that the onset of phonological loop activation was earlier for auditory presentation.