cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statens eller familiens børn? Tvang og omsorg i mødet mellem nytilkomne familier og danske daginstitutioner

Resume Nytilkomne familier bliver modt med mange krav fra den danske velfaerdsstat. Et af kravene er, at de skal sende deres 0-6 arige born i dagtilbud, sa foraeldrene kan ga pa sprogskole eller komme i praktik. Artiklen belyser nogle af de dilemmaer, der opstar i foraeldresamarbejdet i modet mellem paedagoger og nytilkomne familier. Disse dilemmaer udspringer af den myndighedsrolle som paedagogerne har, samtidig med at de ofte far en taet relation til foraeldrene, og har et oprigtigt onske om at hjaelpe bade born og foraeldre til at kunne navigere rundt i det danske samfund. Artiklen bygger pa etnografisk feltarbejde i fire kommuner, og de valgte eksempler viser, hvordan paedagogerne navigerer mellem omsorg og magtudovelse, og hvordan magtrelationen mellem foraeldre og paedagoger kan vaere uklar for foraeldrene og i nogle tilfaelde ogsa for paedagogerne selv. Artiklen giver ikke svar pa dilemmaerne, men peger pa behovet for en stadig professionel refleksion over de paedagogiske udfordringer i foraeldresamarbejdet samt over den politiske kontekst, som foraeldresamarbejde med nytilkomne familier indgar i. Abstract Children of the state or children of the family? Care and coercion in the encounter between refugee families and Danish day-care institutions. Newly arrived families in Denmark are faced with multiple requirement by the Danish welfare state and it is mandatory that they send their children to Danish day-care institutions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in four day-care institutions in Denmark this article sheds light on some of the dilemmas that arise in the encounter between refuge families and Danish pedagogues. More specifically we focus on the notion “foraeldresamarbejde” – a term which connotes the widespread idea that parents and institutions must communicate in an intimate way and work together to create the best circumstances for the concerted cultivation of children. Through concrete ethnographic cases we discuss how pedagogues attempt to manage the dilemma between caring for children without disempowering their parents and argue that the pedagogical task requires tact and sensitivity faced with dilemmas that admit no easy resolution since they are inherently contradictory.
Trends in Racial/Ethnic and Nativity Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Adults Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1988 to 2014

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and disproportionately affects minority adults. Despite national efforts to reduce health disparities, tren...
Habit, Labour, Need and Desire

This essay revives a contentious polemic between Sartre and Lev-Strauss from the early sixties as a way to re-engage the problem of the modernist aesthetic. Through inquiry into the contiguous concepts of habit, labour, desire and need, the argument locates the work of art in a mobile and indeterminate space between regression and engagement, need and desire, repetition and self-transcendence. Freud, Benjamin and Marx bring the essay to a concluding engagement with problems of historical and trans-historical thinking, habit and novelty.
The Potential Role of Sediment Mineralogy in Regulating Aluminum Concentrations in Lakewater

An understanding of the controls on aluminum solubility is essential because Al can reach toxic levels in waters that are affected by acidic precipitation or acid mine drainage. One factor which has received little attention is the role of in-lake sinks for Al. We hypothesized that a chloritization mechanism was capable of removing large amounts of Al from solution when sediments contained 2:1 minerals without well-developed Al-hydroxy interlayers. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the potential role of lake sediments in regulating Al equilibria in the overlying waters. Water chemistry data, sediment mineralogy and exchange phase composition, and Al sorption isotherms were used. Sediments with well developed Al-hydroxy interlayers sorbed less total Al, accumulated more Al on the readily reversible exchange phase, and had less pH buffering capacity than sediments without Al-hydroxy interlayers. We conclude that the mineralogy of lake sediments needs to be considered when evaluating Al equilibria in lakes.
Impact of the dedicated education unit teaching model on the perceived competencies and professional attributes of nursing students

Abstract The Dedicated Education Unit clinical teaching model is a strategy designed to create optimal teaching and learning environments. Evidence is lacking regarding the influence of the Dedicated Education Unit model on students’ specific nursing competencies and professional attributes. This descriptive, comparative study took place in a private baccalaureate nursing program in the United States. The researchers compared evaluations of student competencies and attributes who participated in a Dedicated Education Unit model (n = 163) to students who participated in a traditional clinical teaching model (n = 147) immediately following the practicum in which the Dedicated Education Unit model was used. The Dedicated Education Unit group scored significantly higher in 26 of 33 specific competencies and professional attributes compared to students who participated in the traditional clinical teaching model. These data suggest that the Dedicated Education Unit model promotes knowledge, competency, and professional attribute development more effectively than the traditional clinical teaching model.
Epidemiology of Athletic Dental Injuries

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Accurate descriptions of the population at risk, the condition being studied, and the factors associated with the condition are the first steps in determining its cause and, ultimately, its control or prevention. Over 45 million youth age 18 and under participate in organized sports every year, and millions more participate in non-organized and recreational sports throughout their lives. Many of these sports and activities place participants at risk for sustaining traumatic dental injuries. Athletic dental trauma is a multi-risk phenomenon. As such, precision in planning and executing studies to determine cause and strategies for prevention is an essential component of useful studies. An understanding of the scope, demands, and limitations of epidemiologic investigation helps to sift through the literature, so the information can guide policies for the prevention of sports-related dental trauma. This chapter summarizes dental traumatology in athletic competition and places dental injuries in the context of the distribution and determinants of all sports-related injuries.
Reconfiguration of brain networks supporting inhibition of emotional challenge

Reacting to the salient emotional features of a stimulus is adaptive unless the information is irrelevant or interferes with goal-directed behavior. The ability to ignore salient but otherwise extraneous information involves restructuring of brain networks and is a key impairment in several psychological disorders. Despite the importance of understanding inhibitory control of emotional response, the associated brain network mechanisms remain unknown. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained from 103 participants performing an emotion-word Stroop (EWS) task, the present study applied graph-theory analysis to identify how brain regions subserving emotion processing and cognitive control are integrated within the global brain network to promote more specialized and efficient processing during successful inhibition of response to emotional distractors. The present study identified two sub-networks associated with emotion inhibition, one involving hyper-connectivity to prefrontal cortex and one involving hyper-connectivity to thalamus. Brain regions typically associated with identifying emotion salience were more densely connected with the thalamic hub, consistent with thalamic amplification of prefrontal cortex control of these regions. Additionally, stimuli high in emotional arousal prompted restructuring of the global network to increase clustered processing and overall communication efficiency. These results provide evidence that inhibition of emotion relies on interactions between cognitive control and emotion salience sub-networks.
Development of dynamic modulus-based mixture blending chart for asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement

AbstractThe current practice of using the binder blending chart to select a performance grade of the virgin binder may not be applicable for mixtures containing more than 25% reclaimed asphalt pave...
A note on the boundary stabilization of an axially moving elastic tape

We consider a linear Euler–Bernoulli beam equation introduced by Russell (Appl Math Optim 46:291–312, 2002) that equation describes the motion of a tape moving axially between two sets of rollers. We discuss an underlying hybrid model accounting for the mass of the roller assembly and show that the system is uniformly stable; this result generalizes an earlier result by Russell and Liu (Control theory of partial differential equations, Lecture Notes Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol 242, Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, pp 183–194, 2005), where the mass of the rollers is neglected. The proof of our well-posedness and stabilization result shows in particular that if the mass is also neglected, then no boundary controls are needed to achieve the exponential stability of the system, which improves the exponential stability result in Russell and Liu (2005) where a force control is needed.
Abstract MP18: Trajectories of Oral Anticoagulation Adherence After First Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosis

Introduction: Regardless of the benefits of stroke prevention, only 50% of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients recommended for oral anticoagulation (OAC) actually use these medications. We identified...
Coproduction and trust in government: evidence from survey experiments

While previous research has investigated how coproduction can improve the quality and efficiency of public services, less is known about its effects on how citizens view government. Thus, we invest...
Ultrawideband Synthesis for High-Range-Resolution Software-Defined Radar

This article presents a design for implementing an ultrawideband (UWB) software-defined radar (SDRadar) using a bandwidth reconstruction technique, called frequency stacking, for a stepped frequency signal to create a synthetic wideband waveform (SWW). Practical methods of overcoming traditional limitations of SDRadar and stepped chirp radar are introduced, and the performance is demonstrated using a commercial battery-powered universal software radio peripheral (USRP) software-defined radio (SDR). Application-specific considerations are made and performance tradeoffs are demonstrated. Furthermore, the method is shown to be the coherence solution for otherwise noncoherent low-cost communications’ SDR systems. The proposed design has multiple applications in low-cost, reconfigurable ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) platforms.
CARD9 mediates dendritic cell-induced development of Lyn deficiency-associated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

CARD9 is an immune adaptor protein in myeloid cells that is involved in C-type lectin signaling and antifungal immunity. CARD9 is implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, IgA nephropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Given that Lyn-deficient (Lyn−/−) mice are susceptible to both autoimmunity and IBD, we investigated the immunological role of CARD9 in the development of these diseases using the Lyn−/− mouse model. We found that genetic deletion of CARD9 was sufficient to reduce the development of both spontaneous autoimmune disease as well as DSS- or IL-10 deficiency–associated colitis in Lyn−/− mice. Mechanistically, CARD9 was a vital component of the Lyn-mediated regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR2 and TLR4) signaling in dendritic cells, but not in macrophages. In the absence of Lyn, signaling through a CD11b-Syk-PKCδ-CARD9 pathway was amplified, leading to increased TLR-induced production of inflammatory cytokines. Dendritic cell–specific deletion of CARD9 reversed the development of autoimmune and experimental colitis observed in dendritic cell–specific, Lyn-deficient mice. These findings suggest that targeting CARD9 may suppress the development of colitis and autoimmunity by reducing dendritic cell–driven inflammation.
Liquid biopsy for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: an update

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), otherwise known as diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M mutation, is a devastating brainstem glioma without a cure. Efforts are currently underway to better optimize molecular diagnoses through biological sampling, which today remains largely limited to surgical biopsy sampling. Surgical intervention is not without its risks, and therefore a preference remains for a less invasive modality that can provide biological information about the tumor. There is emerging evidence to suggest that a liquid biopsy, targeting biofluids such as CSF and blood plasma, presents an attractive alternative for brain tumors in general. In this update, the authors provide a summary of the progress made to date regarding the use of liquid biopsy to diagnose and monitor DIPG, and they also propose future development and applications of this technique moving forward, given its unique histone biology.
Citizen-Science and Participatory Research as a Means to Improve Stakeholder Engagement in Resource Management: A Case Study of Vietnamese American Fishers on the US Gulf Coast

This study examines the engagement of Vietnamese American commercial fisheries stakeholders in the US Gulf Coast with state and federal agencies and the role that citizen science and participatory research may play in improving this engagement. Using a mixed methods study including surveys, interviews, and focus groups, findings highlight language, lack of trust, and outreach misfit as key barriers to engaging Vietnamese American stakeholders as demanded for collaborative resource management or co-management. However, findings also demonstrate the potential role for citizen science and participatory research that collaboratively engages stakeholders in research to overcome some of these barriers to engaging diverse fishing stakeholders.
Sudden Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis During Labor: A Case Report

We present a case of a nulliparous patient with a sudden diastasis of rectus abdominis (DRA) during labor. DRA is defined in literature as a separation of 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis of more than 2 fingerbreadths either 4.5 cm above or below the umbilicus.1 DRA is clinically recognized; however, there is limited knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and complications of DRA. Here, we present a patient who had an abrupt DRA during labor with herniation of bowel anterior to the fundus with associated abdominal pain. Due to similarity in presentation as uterine rupture, this case resulted in an elective cesarean delivery. Thus, this case report highlights the need to review DRA and uterine rupture and the associated risk factors to help health care professionals make prompt diagnoses and avoid elective primary cesarean delivery in an otherwise healthy, nulliparous patient.
Is Catheter Ablation Better Than Antiarrhythmic Drugs for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Long-standing atrial fibrillation is associated with significant morbidity including stroke and development of heart failure. Patients also report poor quality of life as a result of debilitating symptoms or treatment side effects from antiarrhythmic medications. Radio frequency or cryothermal mediated catheter ablation has a central role in the management of symptomatic patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation is vital to the success of this therapy and other ancillary techniques have been described, especially for persistent atrial fibrillation. Several randomized controlled studies have been reported over the last two decades studying important clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. In this article, we aim to provide a review of the major studies that have helped define the role of catheter ablation in the management of symptomatic atrial fibrillation in patients with both diseased and structurally normal hearts.
Tuning Functional Amyloid Formation Through Disulfide Engineering

Many organisms produce "functional" amyloid fibers, which are stable protein polymers that serve many roles in cellular biology. Certain Enterobacteriaceae assemble functional amyloid fibers called curli that are the main protein component of the biofilm extracellular matrix. CsgA is the major protein subunit of curli and will rapidly adopt the polymeric amyloid conformation in vitro. The rapid and irreversible nature of CsgA amyloid formation makes it challenging to study in vitro. Here, we engineered CsgA so that amyloid formation could be tuned to the redox state of the protein. A double cysteine variant of CsgA called CsgACC was created and characterized for its ability to form amyloid. When kept under oxidizing conditions, CsgACC did not adopt a β-sheet rich structure or form detectable amyloid-like aggregates. Oxidized CsgACC remained in a soluble, non-amyloid state for at least 90 days. The addition of reducing agents to CsgACC resulted in amyloid formation within hours. The amyloid fibers formed by CsgACC were indistinguishable from the fibers made by CsgA WT. When measured by thioflavin T fluorescence the amyloid formation by CsgACC in the reduced form displayed the same lag, fast, and plateau phases as CsgA WT. Amyloid formation by CsgACC could be halted by the addition of oxidizing agents. Therefore, CsgACC serves as a proof-of-concept for capitalizing on the convertible nature of disulfide bonds to control the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins.
The UPRmt Preserves Mitochondrial Import to Extend Lifespan

Summary The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is dedicated to promote mitochondrial proteostasis and is linked to extreme longevity in worms, flies, and mice. The key regulator of this process is the transcription factor, ATFS-1. In the absence of mitochondrial stress, ATFS-1 is transported to the mitochondria and degraded. During conditions of mitochondrial stress, ATFS-1 is excluded from the mitochondria and enters the nucleus to regulate the expression of UPRmt genes. However, there exists a dichotomy in regards to induction of the UPRmt and mitochondrial import. The repair proteins synthesized as a direct result of UPRmt activation must be transported into damaged mitochondria that had previously excluded ATFS-1 due to reduced import efficiency. To address this conundrum, we analyzed the role of the import machinery under conditions where the UPRmt was induced. Using in vitro biochemical assays of mitochondrial import and in vivo analysis of mitochondrial proteins, we surprisingly find that the efficiency of mitochondrial import increases when the UPRmt is activated in an ATFS-1 dependent manner, even though membrane potential is reduced. The import machinery is upregulated at the transcription and translation level, and intact import machinery is essential for UPRmt-mediated increase and lifespan extension. With age, import capacity decreases, and activation of the UPRmt delays this decline and increases longevity. Finally, we find that ATFS-1 has a significantly weaker mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS), allowing for dynamic subcellular localization during the initial stages of UPRmt activation.
What's eating you? Risk factors for poor health behaviors among family caregivers.

Overeating and obesity are major public health issues in the United States. Caregivers are at greater risk of engaging in poor health behaviors, such as emotional eating, to cope with the demands o...
Public) Health and Human Rights in Practice

Public health ethics is pragmatic in practice, but uncertain in theory. Because the field of public health relies on law to define and carry out public activities, it is impossible to define a set of ethical principles unique to public health. Public health ethics must be encompassed within and consistent with a broader set of principles that define the power and limits of government institutions. The human right to health offers such a set of principles by requiring governments not only to respect individual human rights, but also, importantly, to protect people from harm from external sources and third parties, and to fulfill the health needs of the population. The human rights framework should be welcomed by the public health field as mirroring its overall goals to promote human flourishing.
Survey of One-handed Lifting in Manufacturing Industry: A Cross-sectional Study of the BackWorks Study Cohort:

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem and a major cause of lost productivity in workplaces. Manual materials handling (MMH) jobs have traditionally been regarded as risk factor for LBP. Co...
Safe Harbors and Careful Planning Make Deferred Exchanges a Valuable Tool

This Article describes the section 1031 deferred exchange safe harbors. It describes how property owners can structure deferred and multiple-party exchanges to avoid actual and constructive receipt of boot to obtain nonrecognition on the exchange of properties. It demonstrates how property owners can use multiple safe harbors (such as a qualified intermediary and qualified trust) to protect exchange proceeds during the exchange interstice. It also considers the intricacies of the identification rules and the identification and exchange periods. The Article is adapted from Chapter 4 of the forthcoming treatise, Bradley T. Borden, Tax-Free Like-Kind Exchanges (Civic Research Institute 2008).
The Road to Internment: Special Registration and Other Human Rights Violations of Arabs and Muslims in the United States

Recent and continuing rights abuses of Arabs and Muslims including detainment, deportation, torture, harassment, discrimination, limited internment and other types of human rights abuses along with Special Registration, since September 11th, have been massive and are sensational in U.S. history; it rivals in scale to past major government actions, including the Japanese internment and Palmer raids. Like the Japanese internment until after the war, there is little or no discussion of these rights abuses in the main stream or corporate media. It has stemmed from both de facto and de jure profiling of primarily the immigrant population for Arabs and Muslims. There is continued support for internment in public discourse. In this 147 page law review article and essay, the author discusses his experience as an immigration attorney representing Arabs and Muslims over a period of several years, primarily in the American Midwest. His experience concurs with the well documented abuses of Arab and Muslim migrants as reported by Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and other human rights groups. As a backdrop, this article also discusses how Special Registration creates a logistical framework and discriminatory culture that could lead to the internment of Arab and Muslims and increased risk for a higher level of internment including U.S. citizens. In this discussion, is mention of an earlier secret government plan to intern Arabs. Detailed table of contents at article outset.
Performance of Afirma genomic sequencing classifier vs gene expression classifier in Bethesda category III thyroid nodules: An institutional experience.

Background Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) is an adjunct to thyroid fine needle aspiration shown to improve pre-operative risk assessment and reduce unnecessary surgery of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Genomic sequencing classifier (GSC) is a newer version aiming to improve specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of Afirma testing. There are limited studies comparing GSC vs GEC. This study was undertaken to compare these classifiers in terms of diagnostic performance and effect on clinical management of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Methods The study cohort consisted of patients with thyroid nodules that had a recurrent cytologic diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and were tested by either GEC or GSC. Patient demographics, nodule size, and clinical follow-up were recorded. Benign call rate (BCR) of Afirma testing, rate of subsequent surgery (RSS), rate of histology-confirmed malignancy (RHM), as well as diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, PPV, negative predicative value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated and compared between GSC and GEC cohorts. Results Among 264 AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules, 127 and 137 were tested with GEC and GSC, respectively. Compared to GEC, GSC demonstrated increased BCR (77.3% vs 52%), decreased RSS (31.4% vs 51.2%), greater RHM (29% vs 9.8%) associated with a suspicious Afirma result, as well as improved specificity (82.8% vs 54.5%), PPV (29% vs 9.8%), and diagnostic accuracy (83.9% vs 56.7%), while maintaining high sensitivity and NPV. Conclusion Afirma GSC substantially improved BCR, RSS, RHM, and diagnostic performance, enhancing appropriate triage and thereby helped avoid unnecessary surgery in AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules.
The rate of return to corporate capital and factor shares: new estimates using revised national income accounts and capital stock data

Abstract This paper presents new evidence on the rate of return on tangible assets in the United States, incorporating the recently-revised national accounts as well as new estimates of the replacement cost of the reproducible physical capital stock. The pretax return on capital in the nonfinancial corporate sector has averaged 8.5 percent over the 1959–1996 period. The paper also presents new estimates of the total tax burden on nonfinancial corporate capital, which averages 54.1 percent over this time period. For the 1990s, this tax rate, which includes corporate income taxes, corporate property taxes, and taxes on stock-and bond-holders, averages 42.1 percent of pretax profits. The average pretax rate of return for the 1990–1996 period is 8.6 percent, and the average after-tax return is 5.0 percent. Although the accounting return to corporate capital has been higher in the mid-1990s than at any previous point in the last two decades, the substantial volatility in the return series makes it premature to conclude that these years represent a departure from past experience.
Development and Resolution of Nasal Fricatives in a Child With Repaired Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case Report

Purpose This case report describes the development, characteristics, and resolution of anterior nasal fricatives (ANFs)—a learned maladaptive articulation error—in a young girl with repaired bilate...
Weakly sequential completeness of the projective tensor product {^{{}}[0,1]{̂⊗},1<<∞}

D. R. Lewis (1977) proved that for a Banach space X and 1 < p < oo, L p [0,1]⊗X, the projective tensor product of L p [0, 1] and X, is weakly sequentially complete whenever X is weakly sequentially complete. In this note, we give a short proof of Lewis's result, based on our sequential representation (2001) of L p [0, 1]⊗X.
Nonlinear beam-beam resonances

Head-on collisions of bunched beams are considered, assuming the two colliding beams have opposite charges. A few experimental observations are described. The single resonance analysis is developed that is applicable to the strong-weak case of the beam-beam interaction. In this case, the strong beam is unperturbed by the beam-beam interaction; motions of the weak beam particles are then analyzed in the presence of the nonlinear electromagnetic force produced by the strong beam at the collision points. The coherent motions of the two coupled strong beams are shown to exhibit distinct nonlinear resonance behavior. 16 refs., 22 figs. (LEW)
Topographical Scale as Ideological and Practical Affordance: The Case of Devils Tower

The issue of scale is not a geometric matter, resolved by machine, but a problem of perceptual engagement at the core of knowledge and understanding. While theoretical discussion tends to focus on the fit between the scale of analysis of archaeological phenomena and the scale of the cultural life that produced them, the crucial relation is our own, materially and socially, to the information we retrieve. The typical analytical environment consists of artifacts at least twice removed from their original contexts and most often from utterly different cultures than our own, imagined against an arid background of maps and images that substitutes for the real world. This combination of remoteness and alienation, which passes for objective distance, effectively removes us from the environment of use values and relations that is cultural reality. Constructing a figurative archaeological past from these traces may be fairly simple, but the profound discontinuity between the situations of production and interpretation makes it difficult to understand the circumstances that once gave them life. We need access to ideological resources in order to view material objects as cultural things (see, for example, Saunders’ recent (2001) investigation of the cultural transmutation of obsidian from material to cosmological substance in Mesoamerica). While the relativity of use relations and values in material culture may hamper the potential for interpretation, however, we all participate in the theatre of human action. We may not be able to get into the heads of others, but we do share the physical aspects of human experience that underlie ideology. The powerful have
Lower extremity dexterity is associated with agility in adolescent soccer athletes

Agility is important for sport performance and potentially injury risk; however, factors affecting this motor skill remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the extent to which lower extremity dexterity (LED) and muscle performance were associated with agility. Fourteen male and 14 female soccer athletes participated. Agility was evaluated using a hopping sequence separately with both limbs and with the dominant limb only. The LED test evaluated the athletes' ability to dynamically regulate foot-ground interactions by compressing a spring prone to buckling with the lower limb. Muscle performance included hip and knee isometric strength and vertical jump height. Correlation analyses were used to assess the associations between muscle performance, LED, and agility. Multiple regression models were used to determine whether linear associations differed between sexes. On average, the female athletes took longer to complete the agility tasks than the male athletes. This difference could not be explained by muscle performance. Conversely, LED was found to be the primary determinant of agility (double limb: R(2) = 0.61, P < 0.001; single limb: R(2) = 0.63, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the sensorimotor ability to dynamically regulate foot-ground interactions as assessed by the LED test is predictive of agility in soccer athletes. We propose that LED may have implications for sport performance, injury risk, and rehabilitation.
Hardening the Network from the Friend Within

The insider threat in the networked world is distinct from the insider threat in the traditional physical business realm in that the most dangerous networked insider may be the least intentionally malicious. This inadvertent enemy within enables access by malicious outsiders through technologically nave or risk-seeking behavior. These behaviors include consistent choices (e.g., permission configurations, monotonically increasing access control rights) and specific behaviors (e.g., opening email attachments, clicking on video links). The risks of these actions are invisible to the individual, and the risks are borne at least in part by the organization. Any change in this insider behavior must include incentives for risk-avoidance, risk communication, and enable risk-mitigating choices. By developing incentive mechanisms and interactions that communicate these incentives, the risk behavior of the authorized insider can be aligned with the risk posture of the organization. We have combined game theory for incentive design, risk parameterization for pricing, and risk communication to create risk-based access control. The presentation will include the game formulation, presentation of the mechanism for pricing behaviors, and the remarkable results of initial human subjects experimentation.
Observations of the Global Water Cycle – Global Monitoring Networks

Until the last few decades, in situ networks were the primary source of information for the estimation of the global water cycle. Such networks provide reasonably good climatological estimates of the major terms in the water cycle over the industrialized parts of the world, but are much less adequate in the lesser-developed countries and in sparsely populated areas. Furthermore, in situ networks have been in the decline over the last several decades. An ongoing trend is toward greater reliance on satellite remote sensing. In some cases (e.g. soil moisture), satellite estimates have characteristics that cannot reasonably be matched by in situ networks. In others, it is less likely that the needs for global observations can be met from remote sensing. Furthermore, there will remain a need for high quality in situ data for algorithm testing and evaluation, and for evaluation of differences between historic in situ-based, and satellite-based, observations. The characteristics of in situ and satellite-based estimates of the dominant fluxes and storages in the land surface and atmospheric branches of the global water cycle are reviewed. Keywords: global water cycle; global water balance; global hydrology; continental hydrology; global precipitation; hydrologic networks; hydrologic remote sensing
Online learning communication flows: An early adopter perspective

Abstract During the last five years of the 20th century, distance learning delivery methods became widely available in most academic disciplines, including those engaged in the delivery of hospitality and tourism management courses (Graham & Scarborough, 2001). These programs continue to expand and flourish during these first few years of the new millennium (Dyrud, 2000). One delivery format involves the use of networked computer telecommunications to create online learning environments (OLE). While the Internet boom that commenced in 1995 is responsible for the proliferation of Web-based programs, online academic delivery methods were in use in the late 1980s. Individuals engaged in OLE prior to 1995 are considered to be the “early adopters” of the methodology (Hiltz & Wellman, 1997). Many of these early adopters, who possess first-hand knowledge of, and experience with, OLE remain in practice at the current time. These individuals possess insights concerning the modern development and implementation of ...
Quantification of structural compliance of aged human and porcine aortic root tissues.

The structural compliance of the aortic root has a significant implication for valve procedures such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation and valve-sparing aortic root replacement. However, a detailed quantification of human aortic roots structural compliance, particularly in different regions has been incomplete. In this study, the structural properties of human aortic roots (81 ± 8.74 years, n=10) were characterized and compared with those of porcine ones (6–9 months, n=10) using a vessel pressure-inflation test. The test involves tracking three-dimensional deformation of the markers affixed on the different surface regions of the aortic roots, including the three sinuses: the non-coronary sinus (NCS), the left coronary sinus (LCS) and the right coronary sinus (RCS), and at three regions along the longitudinal direction of each sinus: the upper sinus (US), the middle sinus (MS) and the lower sinus (LS), and the ascending aorta (AA) region above the NCS. We found that tissue stiffness at a physiological pressure range was similar among the three human sinuses. The regional structural stiffness of human aorta was observed. In the circumferential direction, the LS regions were the stiffest in the LCS and RCS sinuses, while NCS had relatively uniform stiffness. In the longitudinal direction, the human AA regions were more compliant than all sinuses. There was a significant difference in tissue stiffness between human and porcine aortic tissues, suggesting that the mechanical properties of porcine may not be analogous to aged human ones.
Molecular Tethering or Aggregation: Is the Existence of Charge-Transfer Bands Indicative of the Formation of Blue-Box/Tetrathiafulvalene Inclusion Complexes?

The interaction between tetrathiafulvalene and tetracation cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) fragments-the key elements of many rotaxane systems-was investigated theoretically by using ab-initio second-order perturbation methods. In addition to the inclusion complex observed in the solid state, a thermodynamically stable "exterior" complex was identified. Calculation of the UV/Vis spectra for the inclusion and the exterior complexes indicated that the charge-transfer band that is often used to predict the formation of the inclusion complexes in solution is, in reality, due to the exterior mode of complexation. These results suggest that UV/Vis spectroscopy is not a reliable method for assigning the complexation modes in TTF:BB(4+) rotaxanes and related systems.
Delayed neurotoxic, late acute and cholinergic effects of S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF): Subchronic (90 days) administration in hens

Subchdronic administration of S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) caused 3 toxicologic effects in hens, depending upon route of administration. Small delay oral doses (0.5--20 mg/kg) of DEF produced ataxia, which progressed to paralysis and death in some birds. Large daily oral doses (40 and 80 mg/kg) caused a 'late acute' effect 4 days after administration. The clinical signs of the late acute effect were identical to those produced by n-butyl mercaptan (nBM), a hydrolytic product of DEF, and were not relieved by atropine sulfate. The late acute effect of DEF overlapped with the clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity. These hens died early, and while one hen showed histopathological lesions in peripheral nerves, another showed unequivocal lesions in the central nervous system. Topical application of daily doses of DEF consistently produced delayed neurotoxicity in the absence of late acute poisonining and was characterized by degeneration of the central and peripheral nerve tissues. Orally administered DEF was rapidly metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract to nBM, which apparently caused the late acute toxic effect. Topically administered DEF, which was not subjected to gastrointestinal tract hydrolysis, caused delayed neurotoxicity but did not produce a late acute effect.
A standalone-cost costing methodology for a multiservice transit firm

Abstract Every multiservice transit firm faces the problem of determining the share of the firm's costs to be borne by each service. A standalone-cost costing methodology for determining such cost shares is proposed. This costing methodology may also be used to investigate the cost efficiency or inefficiency of a multiservice transit firm. The applicability of the methodology is demonstrated in applying it to a multiservice public transit firm, the Tidewater Transportation District Commission, by estimating standalone costs using a statistical cost function for the organization. In addition to multiservice transit firms, the methodology may also be applied to any type of multiservice transportation firm.
Ultrastructural aspects of cat submandibular glands.

Submandibular glands of five adult female cats were examined by conventional electron microscopic techniques. All gland acini are mucous secreting and each acinus is capped with mucous secreting demilunar cells. Secretory product of demilunar cells is more electron lucent than that of acinar cells. The demilunes show intercellular tissue spaces and intercellular canaliculi whereas similar specializations are absent between acinar cells. Mitochondria and arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum are more numerous in demilunar cells than in acinar cells. In acinar and demilunar cells secretory droplets first appear as enlarged Golgi saccules which subsequently become closely related to cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Filamentous structures, interpreted as mucin molecules, are present in secretory droplets of acinar cells. Intercalated ducts are short, consisting of several junctional cells between acini and striated ducts. Striated ducts are long and tortuous and contain light cells, dark cells and basal cells. Light cells contain numerous membrane bound granules in their distal ends whereas dark cells show electron lucent vesicles in the same position. Basal cells contain a paucity of organelles and membrane plications but exhibit hemidesmosomes along their basal plasma membranes. Myoepithelial cells are abundant in relation to acinar and demilunar cells. Nerve terminals are present in some instances between acinar cells or between acinar and myoepithelial cells.
Exact Performance Estimates for Multiprocessor Memory and Bus Interference

Exact results are given for the processing power in a multibus multiprocessor with constant memory cycle times and geometric interrequest times. Both uniform and nonuniform memory accesses are considered. Such results have not previously been obtained. In order to derive these results we use a method of introducing time into Petri nets, called Generalized Timed Petri Nets (GTPN), that we have developed. We describe the GTPN and how it is applied to the multiprocessor interference question. We reach several new conclusions. A commonly used definition of processing power can lead to substantial underestimation of the true processing power of the system. If the real system has a constant memory access time and any number of buses, then assuming an exponential access time can lead to substantial errors when estimating processing power probability distributions. In multibus systems with only a few buses a critical memory interrequest time exists. Performance close to that with a crossbar is attainable when the interrequest time is larger than the critical value. Obtaining these results illustrates the advantages, for moderate size state spaces, of the GTPN over simulation with respect to both model design and running time.
Automatic extraction of nanoparticle properties using natural language processing: NanoSifter an application to acquire PAMAM dendrimer properties

In this study, we demonstrate the use of natural language processing methods to extract, from nanomedicine literature, numeric values of biomedical property terms of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. We have developed a method for extracting these values for properties taken from the NanoParticle Ontology, using the General Architecture for Text Engineering and a Nearly-New Information Extraction System. We also created a method for associating the identified numeric values with their corresponding dendrimer properties, called NanoSifter. We demonstrate that our system can correctly extract numeric values of dendrimer properties reported in the cancer treatment literature with high recall, precision, and f-measure. The micro-averaged recall was 0.99, precision was 0.84, and f-measure was 0.91. Similarly, the macro-averaged recall was 0.99, precision was 0.87, and f-measure was 0.92. To our knowledge, these results are the first application of text mining to extract and associate dendrimer property terms and their corresponding numeric values.
Point defects and high-temperature deformation of NiO

The steady-state flow stress τs in nonstoichiometric NiO single crystals has been measured in the temperature range of 1428 to 1653 K with oxygen partial pressures p(O2) between 6 and 1×105 Pa. Strain rates were varied from 1×10−5 to 2×10−3 s−1. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that dislocation climb is the primary mechanism of recovery. Because dislocation climb is diffusion controlled, the data may be described at fixed temperature by ${\rm{\dot \varepsilon}} = {\rm{A\tau}}_{\rm{s}}^{\rm{n}}\;{\rm{p}}{({{\rm{O}}_2})^{1/{\rm{m}}}}$ , where n is the stress exponent and m is a parameter that is determined by the dominant atomic defects on each sublattice. At high temperatures and p(O2) > 2×104 Pa, n was found to be in agreement with dislocation-climb models; however, n increased at low p(O2) owing to effects of impurities. The values of m are consistent with control of climb rate by diffusion of singly charged oxygen vacancies for low p(O2) and by diffusion of neutral oxygen interstitials for high p(O2). At lower temperatures, the values of n are strongly affected by dislocation/impurity interactions for all p(O2).
Citizen Apps to Solve Complex Urban Problems

Tackling complex urban problems requires us to examine and leverage diverse sources of information. Today, cities capture large amounts of information in real-time. Data are captured on transportation patterns, electricity and water consumption, citizen use of government services (e.g., parking meters), and even on weather events. Through open data initiatives, government agencies are making information available to citizens. In turn, citizens are building applications that exploit this information to solve local urban problems. Citizens are also building platforms where they can share information regarding government services. Information that was previously unavailable is now being used to gauge quality of services, choose services, and report illegal and unethical behaviors (e.g., requesting bribes). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to examine the range of citizen applications (“citizen apps”) targeting urban issues and to address their effects on urban planning, decision-making, p...
Commentary: Value and Digital Rights Management—A Social Economics Approach

The rise of digital media has created a number of problems for copyright, in large part by removing the physical constraints of copying associated with older media forms. The concept of digital rights management (DRM) has been pushed as one solution, restoring technological constraints on copying. There are, however, other issues associated with DRM approaches; they are costly and can be used to restrict access and use of content beyond the specific rights granted by copyright policy. These costs and additional restrictions reduce the value of content, affecting its demand and use, with repercussions for the creation of both private and social value. This paper will examine several proposed digital rights management approaches from a social economics perspective—an approach that emphasizes recognition of indirect and social sources of value, and the implications of policy for such value.