cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When to Repatriate? Clinicians’ Perspectives on the Transfer of Patient Management from Specialty to Primary Care

Subspecialty ambulatory care visits have doubled in the past 10 years and nearly half of all visits are for follow-up care. Could some of this care be provided by primary care providers (PCPs)? To determine how often PCPs and specialists agree that a mutual patient’s condition could be managed exclusively by the PCP, and to understand PCPs’ perspectives on factors that influence decisions about ‘repatriation,’ or the transfer of patient management to primary care. A mixed method approach including paired surveys of PCPs and specialists about the necessity for ongoing specialty care of mutual patients, and interviews with PCPs about care coordination practices and reasons for differing opinions with specialists. One hundred and eighty-nine PCPs and 59 physicians representing five medicine subspecialties completed paired surveys for 343 patients. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 PCPs. For each patient, PCPs and specialists were asked, “Could this diagnosis be managed exclusively by the PCP?” Specialists and PCPs agreed that transfer to primary care was appropriate for 16 % of patients, whereas 36 % had specialists and PCPs who agreed that ongoing specialty care was appropriate. Specialists were half as likely as PCPs to identify patients as appropriate for transfer to primary care. PCPs identified several factors that influence the likelihood that patients will be transferred to primary care, including perceived patient preferences, limited access to physician appointments, excessive workload, inter-clinician communication norms, and differences in clinical judgment. We group these factors into two domains: ‘push-back’ and ‘pull-back’ to primary care. At a large academic medical center, approximately one in six patients receiving ongoing specialty care could potentially be managed exclusively by a PCP. PCPs identified several non-clinical factors to explain continuation of specialty care when patient transfer to PCP is clinically appropriate.
DOES INCREASED NEEDLE BIOPSY SAMPLING OF THE PROSTATE DETECT A HIGHER NUMBER OF POTENTIALLY INSIGNIFICANT TUMORS

Purpose: Several studies have documented that increased biopsy sampling, that is 6 versus 12 biopsy cores, can detect more prostate cancer. It is unknown whether increased sampling of the prostate will detect a higher number of potentially insignificant tumors.Materials and Methods: We searched the surgical pathology files at The Johns Hopkins Hospital for patients in whom prostate needle biopsy was performed by a single urologist between April 1993 and April 2000, and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and had 8 core biopsies or less between March 1994 and August 1999 were also studied. Clinically significant tumors were defined as those with volume greater than 0.5 cc, Gleason score 7 or greater or nonorgan confined disease.Results: A total of 297 patients with a mean age of 60 years (range 36 to 75) were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of 107 men with 8 core biopsies or less, including 51 with 6, and group 2 comprised 190 men with 9 cores or greater,...
MODAL ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE BEAMS WITH DELAYED RESONATOR VIBRATION ABSORBER: THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS

Abstract A recent active vibration absorption method, the Delayed Resonator (DR) is considered. The DR absorber is implemented on a flexible beam, and the dynamic features of this structure are studied. An analytical model of the system is developed in order to predict the experimental findings. Instead of the earlier finite difference method, modal co-ordinate representation is adopted here. In particular, the stability features obtained through analytical and experimental studies are compared. The boundary conditions (BCs), i.e., the beam's clamping structure, dictate the restoring forces on the beam–absorber system, and therefore, play an important role on the system stability. In the experimental work the results are generated under the present beam BCs. For the analytical study, however, they have to be carefully formulated. In order to reflect the physical reality some unconventional BCs are used on the beam. This forms an important part of the “modelling” effort presented here. The results obtained concur with the experimental findings better than the earlier dynamic models which use the finite difference method and ideal clamped–clamped BCs. In summary, modal representation with the unconventional BCs are suggested as an analytical tool for the design of DR absorbers operating on beams.
Time-domain measurement of optical transport in silicon micro-ring resonators

We perform time-domain measurements of optical transport dynamics in silicon nano-photonic devices. Using pulsed optical excitation the thermal and carrier induced optical nonlinearities of micro-ring resonators are investigated, allowing for identification of their individual contributions. Under pulsed excitation build-up of free carriers and heat in the waveguides leads to a beating oscillation of the cavity resonance frequency. When employing a burst of pulse trains shorter than the carrier life-time, the slower heating effect can be separated from the faster carrier effect. Our scheme provides a convenient way to thermally stabilize optical resonators for high-power time-domain applications and nonlinear optical conversion.
Slow variations in mean path of the Gulf Stream east of Cape Hatteras

The Gulf Stream between Cape Hatteras and the New England Seamounts varies in position over a wide range of time scales. We present evidence that interannual path changes may be governed by a time-varying outflow of waters from the Labrador Shelf region. When the shelf and Slope Waters south of New England turn cold and fresh, the stream frequently assumes a more southerly track and conversely when the waters are warm and saline. These changes in path and surface water properties most likely result from large variations in shelf transport and thus greater or less dilution of the warm saline Gulf Stream waters that continually leak from the current into the Slope Sea. These observations point to a thermohaline rather than winddriven mechanism for governing the path of the Gulf Stream after it leaves the coast.
The uvsY recombination protein of bacteriophage T4 forms hexamers in the presence and absence of single-stranded DNA.

A prerequisite to genetic recombination in the T4 bacteriophage is the formation of the presynaptic filamenta helical nucleoprotein filament containing stoichiometric amounts of the uvsX recombinas...
Determination of ceramides and diglycerides by the diglyceride kinase assay.

Abstract This review will discuss the utilization of the diglyceride (DG) kinase assay as an analytical method that allows the simultaneous quantitation of DG and ceramide from cell and tissue samples. This enzymatic approach is sensitive, quantitative, and linear over a broad range (20 pmol to 20–25 nmol) for both classes of lipids. It is also practical in that it can be applied to crude lipid extracts and used to process many samples (up to 100) concurrently. However, it has become apparent that this assay has not been conducted optimally, primarily as a result of lack of adherence to its basic principles. The principles illustrated here are also useful to all enzymatic quantitative methods.
Cost-utility analysis of repair of reducible ventral hernia.

Background Patient-reported outcomes are an important metric of the effectiveness of care. Ventral hernia repair is a procedure where the effectiveness can best be quantified using health-related quality of life. This study sought to quantify quality of life with respect to costs of ventral hernia repair. Methods This observational study of patients diagnosed with a ventral hernia between 2004–2011 in a single center identified 3 groups of patients: (1) Patients diagnosed with ventral hernias managed with observation, (2) patients diagnosed with ventral hernias who underwent operative repair only when incarceration occurred, and (3) patients with ventral hernias who underwent herniorraphy before incarceration. The Short Form (SF)12v2 was administered to measure quality of life. The direct costs of care were obtained from Financial Services. Patients were surveyed about direct, non-health costs to obtain a societal perspective. A cost-utility analysis was performed. Results The SF-12v2 was administered to 243 patients; 80 were observed, 69 underwent repair of an incarcerated hernia, and 94 underwent repair of a nonincarcerated hernia. The response rates were similar among groups—59%, 55%, and 52%. Quality of life as measured by utility score was less at 0.68 (95% CI, 0.65–0.71) in patients who did not undergo repair compared with those after repair of a nonincarcerated hernia, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.73–0.79; P Conclusion The prompt elective repair of ventral hernias is cost-effective.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Early Outcome and Late Survival in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting or Valve Surgery or Both

The influence of body mass on outcome after cardiac surgery remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of body mass index (BMI) on early and late outcomes in a large series of patients who underwent cardiac surgery. We retrospectively analyzed 5,950 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 1998 and September 2006. Patients were divided into 4 groups defined by BMI (weight divided by square of height [kilograms divided by meters squared]): underweight ( 20 to 25 to 30 kg/m2): 22%, n=1,292. Analysis was further refined by performing subgroup analysis according to the surgical procedure (valve surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, and combined valve/coronary artery bypass grafting). Main outcome measure was the association between BMI and hospital mortality, postoperative morbidities, and late survival. Hospital mortality was 3.4% (n=203). There was no association between BMI and hospital mortality in the entire patient population. Multivariate analysis revealed obesity as an independent predictor of hospital mortality in patients who underwent valve surgery (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 4.5, p=0.018). Obesity was associated with an increased risk for sternal infection (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9, p=0.013), whereas underweight correlated with postoperative bleeding (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6, p=0.017). Underweight was an independent predictor for decreased long-term survival (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5, p<0.001). In conclusion, cardiac surgery can be performed safely in both underweight and obese patients but carries a higher postoperative rate of major complications.
GAS-PHASE REACTIONS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CATIONS AND THEIR NITROGEN-CONTAINING ANALOGS WITH H ATOMS

We have studied the reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations and their nitrogen-containing analogs with H atoms. Reaction rate constants are measured at 300 K using a flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube. We have implemented the laser induced acoustic desorption technique to allow the study of large, non-volatile species in the gas phase. The extension of this work from previous studies shows that the reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations with H atoms reaches a constant value for large cations. There is a small difference in reactivity when comparing molecules of different size and geometry; however, no difference in reactivity was found when nitrogen was incorporated into the ring.
Antibacterial compounds in estuarine submersed aquatic plants

Estuarine seagrasses often exist in nutrient-rich waters and thus might benefit from mechanisms to control exterior growth of epiphytic microorganisms. In this study, we tested extracts from three estuarine seagrass species, Potamogeton pectinatus L. (sago pondweed), Potamogeton perfoliatus L. (redhead grass) and Ruppia maritima L. (wigeon grass), for antibacterial activity. Methanolic extracts of axenic cultured plants were effective against all gram-positive bacteria tested, inhibiting growth of 12 species in the genera Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Aerococcus, Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium. Some gram-negative species in the genera Vibrio, Listonella and Pasteurella were also sensitive. Other gram-negative bacteria were resistant. Antibacterial activity was detected in field-collected plants in spring, but appeared absent in plants collected in fall. These seagrass species thus appear to possess an antibacterial agent. It has not been identified and may consist of one or multiple compounds. The antibacterial agent in P. pectinatus was released into the water column in vitro at concentrations sufficient to inhibit or kill sensitive bacterial species. The agent was stable, with an in vitro half-life of 12 days at 25 °C and 6.6 days at 37 °C. It is possible that antibacterial production has ecological effects upon the bacterial and faunal communities associated with seagrass ecosystems.
Sustained remission from angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma induced by alemtuzumab

Background A 73-year-old woman presented with acute lower back pain, fever, chills and arthralgias. She had previously had a positive protein derivative test with a negative chest X-ray; her medical history was also remarkable for a mitral valve prolapse. Initial symptoms resolved spontaneously without therapy, but fever recurred with associated arthralgias, myalgias, diffuse and worsening lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Investigations Physical examination, blood and urine cultures, MRI of the spine, echocardiogram, extensive serologies, serum and urine protein electrophoresis, immunofixation electrophoresis, bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy with flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and gene rearrangement studies, CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, whole-body PET, and lymph-node biopsy for histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and gene rearrangement studies. Diagnosis Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Management Steroids (prednisone, methylprednisolone), levofloxacin, isoniazid with pyridoxine, ciclosporin A, methotrexate, alemtuzumab, broad-spectrum antibiotics, Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, vancomycin, and clindamycin.
Simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of food and agricultural materials using a transient plane-source method.

Abstract Thermal conductivity (K) and thermal diffusivity (α) are two important physical properties essential for designing any food engineering processes. Recently a new transient plane-source method was developed to measure K and α in a variety of materials, but its application in foods has not been documented. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using this method for measuring K and α of foods. A calibrated probe, constructed with a resistance temperature detector (RTD), was used to simultaneously measure K and α of foods and other materials. For standard materials, such as water, mineral oil, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and olive oil, the measured K and α values of these materials were generally within 0.5–10% from the standard values in the literature. For food materials such as beef, chicken, flour, and apple, the measured values were within 0.2–15% of the K and α values of the same material reported in the literature. The results of this study suggest that the transient plane-source method is an accurate method for simultaneously measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of foods.
Altered gene expression patterns during the initiation and promotion stages of neonatally diethylstilbestrol-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia in the hamster uterus

Neonatal treatment of hamsters with diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces uterine hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma) in adult animals. We subsequently determined that the neonatal DES exposure event directly and permanently disrupts the developing hamster uterus (initiation stage) so that it responds abnormally when it is stimulated with estrogen in adulthood (promotion stage). To identify candidate molecular elements involved in progression of the disruption/neoplastic process, we performed: (1) immunoblot analyses and (2) microarray profiling (Affymetrix Gene Chip System) on sets of uterine protein and RNA extracts, respectively, and (3) immunohistochemical analysis on uterine sections; all from both initiation stage and promotion stage groups of animals. Here we report that: (1) progression of the neonatal DES-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia phenomenon in the hamster uterus involves a wide spectrum of specific gene expression alterations and (2) the gene products involved and their manner of altered expression differ dramatically during the initiation vs. promotion stages of the phenomenon.
Immune protection against HSV-2 in B-cell-deficient mice.

Abstract The role of antibody in protection of the vaginal mucosa and sensory ganglia against HSV-2 infection was examined using HSV- immune, B-cell-deficient μMT mice. Significantly higher virus titers were detected in the vaginal mucosae of immune μMT mice compared to immune C57BL/6J mice 24 h after HSV-2 rechallenge. However, virus was rapidly cleared in immune μMT mice, and the infection was resolved with only a 2-day delay. Passive transfer of immune serum to immune μMT mice prior to rechallenge resulted in HSV-specific vaginal IgG levels comparable to those of immune C57BL/6J mice. Although transferred antibody failed to prevent reinfection of the majority of recipients, vaginal virus titers at 24 h and clearance kinetics were similar to those of immune C57BL/6J controls. Following vaginal rechallenge, HSV-2 did not spread to the sensory ganglia of immune C57BL/6J mice nor was the rechallenge virus detected in the ganglia of the majority of immune μMT mice. However, protection was severely compromised by T-cell depletion of immune C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that HSV-specific antibody limits, but does not prevent, infection of the genital epithelia. Further, prevention of virus spread to the sensory ganglia in immune animals requires vigorous T-cell immune responses.
Wall Representations of Rectangular Dissections: Additional Results

This paper shows that a wall representation, Wn, uniquely defines a geometrically meaningful relation between any two spaces contained in it. The set of such relations is called an orthogonal structure; it is realized by any T-plan Gn belonging to C(Wn).
Defensive loop tiling for shared cache

Loop tiling is a compiler transformation that tailors an application's working set to fit in a cache hierarchy. On today's multicore processors, part of the hierarchy especially the last level cache (LLC) is shared. The available cache space in shared cache changes depending on co-run applications. Furthermore on machines with an inclusive cache hierarchy, the interference in the shared cache can cause evictions in the private cache, a problem known as the inclusion victims. This paper presents defensive tiling, a set of compiler techniques to estimate the effect of cache sharing and then choose the tile sizes that can provide robust performance in co-run environments. The goal of the transformation is to optimize the use of the cache while at the same time guarding against interference. It is entirely a static technique and does not require program profiling. The paper shows how it can be integrated into a production-quality compiler and evalutes its effect on a set of tililing benchmarks for both program co-run and solo-run performance, using both simulation and testing on real systems.
Early rheumatoid arthritis: combination therapy of doxycycline plus methotrexate versus methotrexate monotherapy.

Early rheumatoid arthritis: combination therapy of doxycycline plus methotrexate versus methotrexate monotherapy
Graham Nuthall and social constructivist teaching: Research-based cautions and qualifications

Abstract Graham Nuthall was drawn to social constructivist theories but relatively pessimistic about the feasibility of social constructivist approaches to teaching, except in rather narrowly specified situations. This article summarizes Nuthall's views on these issues and the research findings that shaped them, drawing in particular on a chapter in which he spoke to the issues directly. The author then draws on some of his work to support and elaborate on Nuthall's conclusions, and argue for more theory and research on both the affordances and constraints of social constructivist teaching.
An experimental investigation of the aeroacoustics of a two-dimensional bifurcated supersonic inlet

Abstract An experiment was conducted on a two-dimensional bifurcated, supersonic inlet to investigate the aeroacoustics at take-off and landing conditions. A 104·1 mm (4·1 in) diameter turbofan simulator was coupled to the inlet to generate the noise typical of a turbofan engine. Aerodynamic and acoustic data were obtained in an anechoic chamber under ground-static conditions (i.e., no forward flight effect). Results showed that varying the distance between the trailing edge of the bifurcated ramp of the inlet and the fan face had negligible effect on the total noise level. Thus, one can have a large freedom to design the bifurcated ramp mechanically and aerodynamically, with minimum impact on the aeroacoustics. However, the effect of inlet guide vanes' (IGV) axial spacing to the fan face has a first order effect on the aeroacoustics for the bifurcated 2-D inlet. As much as 5 dB reduction in the overall sound pressure level and as much as 15 dB reduction in the blade passing frequency tone were observed when the IGV was moved from 0·8 chord of rotor blade upstream of the fan face to 2·0 chord of the blade upstream. The wake profile similarity of the IGV was also found in the flow environment of the 2-D bifurcated inlet, i.e., the IGV wakes followed the usual Gauss' function.
Application of dispersion models to flammable cloud analyses

Abstract The accidental release of flammable gases may result in a gas cloud which presents a hazard due to heat exposure (from burning), mechanical damage due to generated overpressures (from explosion), or both. The damage potential in such incidents depends not only on the material released but also on the spatial gas distribution as a function of time and the degree of confinement. Estimates of the temporal and spatial distribution of gas clouds formed from accidental releases can be made using physical (wind or water tunnel) models or mathematical models. This article discusses the application of mathematical dispersion models to the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of gas in the vicinity of an accidental release. A primary objective of such analyses is to estimate the amount of gas which exists at concentrations above the lower flammability limit and the amount of gas which exists at concentrations between the upper and lower flammability limits. Based on experiments performed by Shell Research Limited on the ignition of denser-than-air flammable clouds, examples of the application of the DEGADIS and FEM3A models are described, and the sensitivity of DEGADIS model predictions to gas release rate and windspeed is examined.
A chimera of sorts: Rethinking educational technology grant programs, courseware innovation, and the language of educational change

How do we know when an educational organization, process, or courseware tool is innovative? How do we define the processes that encourage change or the ways in which faculty develop new courseware innovations? The terms innovation, change, and development have been overused in so many contexts that they now seem to have lost their meanings. A review of the literature on innovation and educational change offered no agreed up definitions or models. Prior studies that have considered innovations in educational technology have focused on the innovations themselves or the potential barriers to faculty adoptions of externally developed innovations. In this study of an educational technology services program that provides competitive grants for faculty-developed technology courseware projects at a large state research university, I shifted the focus to consider: what current and future higher education faculty consider to be an innovative courseware project, and how they conceive of processes for developing such innovations. Results suggested that when it is not reduced to a rhetorical device in a marketing campaign or department instructional technology vision plan, innovation that is defined locally by a community of practice can effectively transform teaching, learning, and the organizations that support these activities.
A new metric for comparing precipitation patterns with an application to ensemble forecasts

[1] Ensemble forecasting can be seen as serving two purposes: (1) by comparison of the control and ensemble members to the observed precipitation field, one can assess the forecast performance probabilistically; and (2) by comparison of ensemble members to the control forecast, one can assess the “diversity” of an ensemble and quantify the uncertainty of the forecast. Both problems are grounded to the basic requirement of being able to compare spatially nonhomogeneous, intermittent fields and come up with low-dimensional metrics that can summarize this comparison. Several standard metrics exist (e.g., root mean square error (RMSE), Brier score, and equitable threat score (EqTh)) and are adopted in many operational studies. We studied (1) a fine-scale ensemble precipitation forecast produced from the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and (2) forecasts from multiple models (e.g., the 1998 Storm and Mesoscale Ensemble Experiment (SAMEX '98)) for the purpose of exploring how the selection of the performance metric can affect inferences about the quality and uncertainty of a forecast. We propose a new measure called forecast quality index, which combines image analysis and nonlinear shape comparison features, and we show that it is a more robust and informative metric compared to traditional metrics such as RMSE and EqTh.
Welcome to the Journal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines (JIBTV)

This new journal is dedicated to all aspects of therapeutic applications of immunology. From the likes of Jenner to Salk, vaccinologists have been able to translate immunologic approaches into substantial public health benefits. With greater understanding of basic immunopathogenesis new approaches to vaccines have now been developed which hold promise for preventing many life threatening diseases in the future. In spite of such progress, little is known about the specific immunological mechanisms involved in protection for efficacious vaccines. Further work in this area promises to optimize vaccines in the future. Immune based therapies (IBTs), in contrast, are at an earlier stage of their evolution. However, progress is being made rapidly and in areas such as autoimmunity, cytokine based therapies are already replacing the standard of care. In addition, antibody and cellular based IBTs are witnessing a renaissance. Similar to vaccines, the immune correlates of IBTs' therapeutic action are incompletely understood. Immune based therapies, including therapeutic vaccines, hold the promise of complementing existing therapies and in some cases providing more selective action and less toxicity than current therapies. Thus, in this rather large area of expanding knowledge, there will continue to be new insights into areas related to immune based therapies and vaccines.
Solution, thermal and optical properties of new poly(pyridinium salt)s derived from bisquinoline diamines

Several novel poly(pyridinium salt)s with heterocyclic bisquinoline moieties having both tosylate and triflimide counterions were prepared by either ring-transmutation or metathesis reaction. Their chemical structures were established by using 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis. Their number-average molecular weights (Mn) ranged from 53,000 to 79,000 and their polydispersities ranged from 1.30 to 3.24 as determined by gel permeation chromatography. They had excellent thermal stabilities in the temperature range of 336–447 °C and glass transition temperatures in the range of 119–174 °C. They had good solubilities in common organic solvents and in several cases their critical concentrations (*C) were exceeded to form lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases. Additionally, they emitted light in the blue and green region in both solution and solid state. Their quantum yields were also determined by using a spectrofluorometer.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure and Interconnections with Other Organelles

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, continuous membrane-bound organelle comprised of functionally and structurally distinct domains including the nuclear envelope, peripheral tubular ER, peripheral cisternae, and numerous membrane contact sites at the plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, and peroxisomes. These domains are required for multiple cellular processes, including synthesis of proteins and lipids, calcium level regulation, and exchange of macromolecules with various organelles at ER-membrane contact sites. The ER maintains its unique overall structure regardless of dynamics or transfer at ER-organelle contacts. In this review, we describe the numerous factors that contribute to the structure of the ER.
INTRODUCTION: TRACKING THE CONTEXT OF MOBILE LIVES

Many employees recognize that they are doing major amounts of professional work away from what might be considered their official workspace. Some knowledge workers are beginning to see a different world for themselves where work and home are allowed to blur and where periods of paid work alternate throughout the day with periods devoted to family and leisure. Because of rapid improvements in technology and changes in the global economy, worker mobility and distributed work have become a central topic for employees and companies alike. In this volume we begin to remedy a shortcoming in the literature on these topics by center-staging accounts of personal experience. Contributors' narratives revolve around observations they made about their own behavior, illustrations of successes, and descriptions of the tensions inherent in mobile life and work. Thus, the articles reflect the authors' self-conscious awareness of their individual mobile lives and, most importantly, how their lives contribute to and are shaped by larger societal patterns. In this introduction we provide an overview of the individual articles that follow, as well as some background for an informed reading, by discussing some of the driving forces behind the transition from conventional work styles to mobile and distributed patterns of work. We critically review some of the literature on the work and lifestyle transition that constitutes the central theme for this volume, including the effects of globalization, the development of tools for remote collaboration, and the blurring of home and office work. We elaborate our review of the literature on mobility and distributed work to highlight the stylistic, methodological, and topical contributions of this volume, thereby deepening our understanding of how this new mobility fits into the broader cultural and economic landscape.
A further study of psychiatrists' responses in quasi‐therapy situations

When a psychotherapist meets a potential patient for the first time, decisions must be made: What is the character of the disturbance? Should he have treatment or not? What kind of treatment? What is the likely outcome? Certainly, the professional training, experience, and techniques which the therapist possesses enable him to make such decisions but confounded with his objectivity are his own emotional reactions to the patient: Does he empathize with the patient's problems? Does he feel he can succeed in his job if he accepts the patient in therapy? Are his emotional reactions to the patient influencing the crucial judgments that he makes? A previous study of the psychotherapist's relation to his patient was published in the January, 1958 issue of this journal. Here is a further report on experimental work being done on this significant and complex relationship.
A Layered Modular Controller Structure for Multilevel Converters

Multilevel converter topology is considered to be one effective solution for high power applications. However cost, size and reliability limit its widespread implementation. The industrial demands for efficient and reliable power converter controllers give rise to modularized converter and controller design. In this paper, a layered model, which is inspired by the layered model in computer network, is introduced to the design of power converter controller structure. A local controller is developed to be integrated with the power converter and thus forms a new converter layer with intelligent functions including feedback and self-protection. The proposed controller structure is validated in a three phase STATCOM system. The experimental results prove the feasibility of this proposed modular controller structure.
GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO : I. DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PLAQUE-FORMING CELL RESPONSES TO THE RANDOM TERPOLYMER L-GLUTAMIC ACID60-L-ALANINE30-L-TYROSINE10 (GAT) BY MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS IN VITRO

In vivo, the antibody response in mice to the random terpolymer L-glutamic acid50-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) is controlled by a histocompatibility-linked immune response gene(s). We have studied antibody responses by spleen cells from responder and nonresponder mice to GAT and GAT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (GAT-MBSA) in vitro. Cells producing antibodies specific for GAT were enumerated in a modified Jerne plaque assay using GAT coupled to sheep erythrocytes as indicator cells. Soluble GAT stimulated development of IgG GAT-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in cultures of spleen cells from responder mice, C57Bl/6 (H-2b), F1 (C57 x SJL) (H-2b/s), and A/J (H-2a). Soluble GAT did not stimulate development of GAT-specific PFC responses in cultures of spleen cells from nonresponder mice, SJL (H-2s), B10.S (H-2s), and A.SW (H-2s). GAT-MBSA stimulated development of IgG GAT-specific PFC responses in cultures of spleen cells from both responder and nonresponder strains of mice. These data correlate precisely with data obtained by measuring the in vivo responses of responder and nonresponder strains of mice to GAT and GAT-MBSA by serological techniques. Therefore, this in vitro system can effectively be used as a model to study the cellular events regulated by histocompatibility-linked immune response genes.
Release Rates of Salicylates from Cocoa Butter I

The release of N-methyl salicylamide, methyl salicylate, and salicylic acid across a hydrophobic membrane from cocoa butter to an aqueous layer was studied at a temperature of 37°. The release of the drugs at the interface was diffusion-controlled. The Higuchi model was modified to account for the fact that the release rates were not constant, but varied inversely with the respective partition coefficients. Since the transference across the interface was a function of the partition coefficient, it was found that as the partition coefficient decreased, the release rate appeared to approach a limiting value.
Proton pumping mechanism and catalytic cycle of cytochrome c oxidase: Coulomb pump model with kinetic gating

Using electrostatic calculations, we have examined the dependence of the protonation state of cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart on its redox state. Based on these calculations, we propose a possible scheme of redox-linked proton pumping. The scheme involves His291 – one of the ligands of the CuB redox center – which plays the role of the proton loading site (PLS) of the pump. The mechanism of pumping is based on ET reaction between two hemes of the enzyme, which is coupled to a transfer of two protons. Upon ET, the first proton (fast reaction) is transferred to the PLS (His291), while subsequent transfer of the second “chemical” proton to the binuclear center (slow reaction) is accompanied by the ejection of the first (pumped) proton. Within the proposed model, we discuss the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Remodeling and Weakening of Human Fetal Membranes

Untimely rupture of the fetal membranes (FMs) is a major precipitant of preterm birth. Although the mechanism of FM weakening leading to rupture is not completely understood, proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), have been shown to weaken FMs concomitant with the induction of reactive oxygen species, collagen remodeling, and prostaglandin release. We hypothesized that alpha-lipoic acid, a dietary antioxidant, may block the effect of inflammatory mediators and thereby inhibit FM weakening. Full-thickness FM fragments were incubated with control media or TNF, with or without alpha-lipoic acid pretreatment. Fetal membrane rupture strength and the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) from the full-thickness FM fragments were determined. The two constituent cell populations in amnion, the mechanically strongest FM component, were similarly examined. Amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells were treated with TNF or IL1B, with or without alpha-lipoic acid pretreatment. MMP9 and PGE2 were analyzed by ELISA, Western blot, and zymography. TNF decreased FM rupture strength 50% while increasing MMP9 and PGE 2 release. Lipoic acid inhibited these TNF-induced effects. Lipoic acid pretreatment also inhibited TNF- and IL1B-induced increases in MMP9 protein activity and release in amnion epithelial cells, as well as PGE 2 increases in both amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells. In summary, lipoic acid pretreatment inhibited TNF-induced weakening of FM and cytokine-induced MMP9 and PGE2 in both intact FM and amnion cells. We speculate that dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid might prove clinically useful in prevention of preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes. amnion, fetal membrane rupture, fetal membranes, lipoic acid, matrix metalloproteinase, MMP9, parturition, PGE2, placenta
Battered Women’s Perceptions of Civil and Criminal Court Helpfulness: The Role of Court Outcome and Process

Although most battered women seeking formal help have some contact with court, limited research exists on what they find helpful and harmful about these experiences. Using qualitative data from low-income, largely Black battered women, this study finds that issues related to court outcomes, such as case disposition and enforcement, are important to evaluations of helpfulness. More frequently mentioned, however, are court processes, including treatment by staff, process length, and public disclosure. Results highlight the importance of research and practice attending to issues beyond court outcomes, as well as the potential impact supportive treatment at court may have for victims' recovery.
Network security monitoring - intrusion detection

Current technology enables multifaceted federations to increase the availability of privileged information. Unfortunately, the availability of such information also significantly increases security risks. We present a system design for monitoring the security of an integrated public safety network called capital wireless integration network (CapWIN). CapWIN is a diverse mixture of public and private networks that share information in order to provide public safety and transportation services for metropolitan Washington, DC. It is imperative that the members of integrated systems such as CapWIN be aware of the security status of the other participants in order to anticipate security breaches and respond accordingly. As of now, there are few means by which the members of such systems can obtain real-time information pertaining to the security status of all other participating parties. The system presented here integrates these disparate agencies by utilizing existing security information available from each agency within the enterprise.
Products of independent identically distributed stochastic matrices

Abstract : Generalized results from the study on the probability distribution on a compact group are interpreted and examples are cited.
Possession, Good and Bad—Ritual, Effects and Side-Effects: the Baptism of Jesus and Mark 1.9-11 From a Cross-Cultural Perspective

This study challenges the longstanding and solid consensus among scholars that Jesus' baptism is historically certain but the vision (or theophany) that follows has little or no claim to historicity (Mk 1.9-11). Such visions and related phenomena are commonplace, however, in the many cultures that sanction entry into altered states of consciousness, which include Mediterranean culture, ancient and modern. From a cross-cultural perspective, what happens to Jesus at his baptism has the character of an altered state of consciousness anthropologists call possession trance. Possession trances can be positive or negative and are usually distinguished by the presence or absence of ritual activity. The followers of Jesus may have introduced the baptismal rite into the story of his possession, therefore, in order to identify what happened to him as positive rather than negative, that is, as possession by Holy Spirit and not by a demon. Because of this possibility, Jesus' baptism has less claim to historicity than what follows, a conclusion that reverses the current scholarly consensus. As it closes, this study considers the Sitz im Leben of Mk 1.9-11 and suggests a second reason for joining baptism to vision. The second evangelist may have juxtaposed the two as a way of counteracting undesirable consequences the baptismal rite had for the early Jesus movement.
Ulusalcılık: The Neo‐nationalist Resurgence in Turkey

Abstract Nationalism has been a powerful force in Turkish politics since the founding of the Republic. Yet nationalist activists have become unusually strident in their rhetoric, coalescing around various radical political platforms to seek the ouster of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) regime, either through the ballot box or by violent means. This study considers the psychological and theoretical bases of Turkish nationalism and analyzes why militant nationalism is becoming a more significant political factor. Particular attention will be devoted to a loose collection of extremist organizations and media known as the “ulusalcilar.” Despite philosophical differences within the group, three fundamental elements in Ulusalci thought can be identified: uncompromising anti‐Westernism; externalization of Islam from Turkish nationalism; and ethnic exclusionism. These elements, as well as social and political background and basic beliefs, are examined, the leading components of the neo‐nationalist movemen...
Vagus nerve stimulation and emotional responses to food among depressed patients.

Background:Approved for treatment of treatment-resistant depression and for epilepsy, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy involves stimulation of the vagus nerve, affecting both mood and appetite...
Wild bees preferentially visit Rudbeckia flower heads with exaggerated ultraviolet absorbing floral guides

Here, we report on the results of an experimental study that assessed the visitation frequency of wild bees to conspecific flowers with different sized floral guides. UV absorbent floral guides are ubiquitous in Angiosperms, yet surprisingly little is known about conspecific variation in these guides and very few studies have evaluated pollinator response to UV guide manipulation. This is true despite our rich understanding about learning and color preferences in bees. Historical dogma indicates that flower color serves as an important long-range visual signal allowing pollinators to detect the flowers, while floral guides function as close-range signals that direct pollinators to a reward. We initiated the work presented here by first assessing the population level variation in UV absorbent floral guides for conspecific flowers. We assessed two species, Rudbeckia hirta and R. fulgida. We then used several petal cut-and-paste experiments to test whether UV floral guides can also function to attract visitors. We manipulated floral guide size and evaluated visitation frequency. In all experiments, pollinator visitation rates were clearly associated with floral guide size. Diminished floral guides recruited relatively few insect visitors. Exaggerated floral guides recruited more visitors than smaller or average sized guides. Thus, UV floral guides play an important role in pollinator recruitment and in determining the relative attractiveness of conspecific flower heads. Consideration of floral guides is therefore important when evaluating the overall conspicuousness of flower heads relative to background coloration. This work raises the issue of whether floral guides serve as honest indicators of reward, since guide size varies in nature for conspecific flowers at the same developmental stage and since preferences for larger guides were found. To our knowledge, these are the first cut-and-paste experiments conducted to examine whether UV absorbent floral guides affect visitation rates and pollinator preference.
THERMAL MODELING OF ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS - POWDER SINTERING EFFECTS

In recently developed Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, high-energy sources have been used to fabricate metallic parts, in a layer by layer fashion, by sintering and/or melting metal powders. In particular, Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM) utilizes a high-energy electron beam to melt and fuse metal powders to build solid parts. EBAM is one of a few AM technologies capable of making full-density metallic parts and has dramatically extended their applications. Heat transport is the center of the process physics in EBAM, involving a high-intensity, localized moving heat source and rapid self-cooling, and is critically correlated to the part quality and process efficiency. In this study, a finite element model was developed to simulate the transient heat transfer in a part during EBAM subject to a moving heat source with a Gaussian volumetric distribution. The developed model was first examined against literature data. The model was then used to evaluate the powder porosity and the beam size effects on the high temperature penetration volume (melt pool size). The major findings include the following. (1) For the powder layer case, the melt pool size is larger with a higher maximum temperature compared to a solid layer, indicating the importance of considering powders for the model accuracy. (2) With the increase of the porosity, temperatures are higher in the melt pool and the molten pool sizes increase in the depth, but decrease along the beam moving direction. Furthermore, both the heating and cooling rates are higher for a lower porosity level. (3) A larger electron-beam diameter will reduce the maximum temperature in the melt pool and temperature gradients could be much smaller, giving a lower cooling rate. However, for the tested electron beampower level, the beam diameter around 0.4 mm could be an adequate choice.
The Ethics of Restrictive Licensing for Handguns: Comparing the United States and Canadian Approaches to Handgun Regulation:

The United States and Canada regulate frearms, particularly handguns, quite differently. With only a few state and local exceptions, the U.S. approach emphasizes the ability of most individuals to purchase, possess, and carry handguns. By comparison, Canada has a form of restrictive licensing for handguns that places a premium on community safety. The authors first review the potential individual and community level harms and benefits associated with these differing fre-arm policies. Using this information, they explore the ethical dimensions of the U.S. and Canadian approaches through three major themes of autonomy, prevention of harms, and social justice. The authors conclude that the Canadian approach is consistent with respect for the autonomy of persons, fosters the prevention of harms, and more appropriately furthers social justice.