cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute lung injury outside of the ICU: incidence in respiratory isolation on a general ward.

Background Epidemiologic investigations of acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS have focused on mechanically ventilated patients in ICUs, and have reported high mortality rates. We sought to determine the incidence and lethality of these syndromes in the respiratory isolation areas of general wards, a non-ICU setting that often serves patients with acute lung processes. Methods We prospectively studied all patients who were admitted to respiratory isolation rooms on the general wards of a large tertiary care hospital over a 1-year period. Patients were classified as having ALI or ARDS if they met consensus definitions for the syndromes. Characteristics and outcomes were compared to those of other patients who had been admitted to a respiratory isolation room with infiltrating lung disease but lacking bilateral infiltrates, hypoxemia, or both. Results Of 715 patients admitted to respiratory isolation rooms on general wards, 474 (66%) had acute infiltrates. ALI criteria were met by 9% of patients (62 of 715 patients), with 2% of patients (15 of 715) satisfying the criteria for ARDS. Respiratory distress was present in 71% of ALI patients (44 of 62 patients) and 32% of patients (130 of 412 patients) with acute infiltrates who did not have ALI (p 0.50). Conclusions ALI and ARDS may be frequent among patients who are admitted to respiratory isolation beds outside of ICUs. Mortality rates are substantially lower than those typically reported from surveys of ventilated ICU patients with ALI and ARDS.
Misestimation of Reliability Using Coefficient Alpha and Structural Equation Modeling When Assumptions of Tau-Equivalence and Uncorrelated Errors Are Violated

Coefficient alpha (α) has been described as a lower bound for test reliability. However, previous research indicates that when certain assumptions are violated, α can either overestimate or underestimate reliability. Raykov (1997a) has shown how structural equation modeling (SEM) can be used to estimate reliability. This study has introduced method factors into the model in Raykov (1997a) to avoid a potential limitation of the SEM approach. Monte Carlo simulation shows that when certain assumptions are violated, either method (α or SEM) can show a substantial bias, though in the most extreme circumstances the bias of α estimates are larger than the bias of SEM-based reliability estimates. Circumstances that favor one method or the other are described and explored.
Grand Challenges of Researching Adolescent Online Safety: A Family Systems Approach

Protecting adolescents from online safety risks is a major contemporary concern, and researching adolescent online safety is equally as challenging. Relatively few researchers have studied adolescent online safety, but the studies that do exist have documented threats from privacy breaches, cyberbullying, sexual predation, and other types of risk exposure. The grand challenge, however, is how we can approach these problems in a way that will protect adolescents while allowing them to engage socially online. We discuss two key challenges: operationalizing online safety; and defining online risks. We propose that Information Systems (IS) researchers should leverage family systems theory, a methodological approach grounded in developmental psychology, in order to address adolescent online safety issues.
Direct measurement of particle formation and growth from the oxidation of biogenic emissions

A new facility has been developed to investi- gate the formation of new particles from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted from vegetation. The fa- cility consists of a biogenic emissions enclosure, an aerosol growth chamber, and the associated instrumentation. Using the facility, new particle formation events have been induced through the reaction of ozone with three different precursor gas mixtures: an -pinene test mixture and the emissions of a Holm oak (Quercus ilex) specimen and a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) specimen. The results demonstrate the variability be- tween species in their potential to form new aerosol products. The emissions of Q. ilex specimen resulted in fewer particles than did -pinene, although the concentration of monoter- penes was roughly equal in both experiments before the addi- tion of ozone. Conversely, the oxidation of P. taeda specimen emissions led to the formation of more particles than either of the other two gas mixtures, despite a lower initial terpenoid concentration. These variations can be attributed to differ- ences in the speciation of the vegetative emissions with re- spect to the -pinene mixture and to each other. Specifically, the presence of -pinene and other slower-reacting monoter- penes probably inhibited particle formation in the Q. ilex experiment, while the presence of sesquiterpenes, including -caryophyllene, in the emissions of the P. taeda specimen were the likely cause of the more intense particle formation events observed during that experiment.
Tableaux and Hypersequents for Justification Logic

Justification Logic is a new generation of epistemic logics which along with the traditional modal knowledge/belief operators also consider justification assertions `t is a justification for F .' In this paper, we introduce a prefixed tableau system for one of the major logics of this kind S4LPN , which combines the logic of proofs ( LP ) and epistemic logic S4 with an explicit negative introspection principle $\neg t\!:\! F \to \Box \neg t\!:\! F$. We show that the prefixed tableau system for S4LPN is sound and complete with respect to Fitting-style semantics. We also introduce a hypersequent calculus HS4LPN and show that HS4LPN is complete as far as we confine ourselves to a case where only a single formula is to be proven. We establish this fact by using a translation from the prefixed tableau system to the hypersequent calculus. This completeness result gives us a semantic proof of cut-admissibility for S4LPN under the aforementioned restriction.
Human observing: Maintained by stimuli correlated with reinforcement but not extinction.

College students received points exchangeable for money (reinforcement) on a variable-time 60-second schedule that alternated randomly with an extinction component. Subjects were informed that responding would not influence either the rate or distribution of reinforcement. Instead, presses on either of two levers (“observing responses”) produced stimuli. In each of four experiments, stimuli positively correlated with reinforcement and/or stimuli uncorrelated with reinforcement were each chosen over stimuli correlated with extinction. These results are consistent with prior results from pigeons in supporting the conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis of observing and in not supporting the uncertainty-reduction hypothesis.
Zinc Fingers Involved in MHC Class I Gene Regulation: Use of Synthetic Peptides for Structural Analysis

Two zinc finger proteins capable of binding specific DNA sequence motifs in the regulatory region of the MHC Class I genes have been described. The protein binding to the DNA sequence TGGGGATTCCCCAT contains two zinc finger motifs of the TFIIIA like sequence. Peptides comprising the double and the two individual finger regions have been prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. Spectral studies have shown that the peptides have metal binding capabilities and that binding of the metal results in specific conformational changes. Binding studies showed that stable DNA-peptide complexes are formed with the double fingers. NMR results clearly demonstrate that single fingers are capable of forming well-defined three-dimensional structures.
Differential effects of context- and skill-based treatment approaches: Preliminary findings

Context- and skill-based treatment approaches, as embodied by functional and cognitive neuropsychological interventions, predict different patterns of acquisition and transfer of skill based on their theoretical foundations. This project was designed to compare the relative outcomes of these two treatment approaches on a comprehensive set of functional and psycholinguistic measures among aphasic adults. Twelve subjects with chronic, nonfluent aphasia were randomly assigned to each of the two treatments, and their performance compared to that of a baseline group consisting of five nonfluent aphasic subjects. Context-based training focused on role-plays of a functional task, and skill-based training focused on a naming intervention divorced from a functional context. Preliminary findings suggested that patterns of improvement and transfer at post-treatment testing were generally consistent with predictions. The results are a preliminary step towards making empirically based clinical decisions about what tre...
Application of Continuation Methods to Nonlinear Post-buckled Structures

Continuation and path following methods have been applied to many nonlinear problems in mathematics and physics. There is less widespread application of these methods, however, to structural systems. Since structural buckling and stability problems are primarily concerned with system behavior as a control parameter (most often the load) varies, they are particularly well suited for continuation methods and bifurcation analysis. In this work, the continuation package AUTO is utilized to calculate post-buckled configurations, natural frequencies, and mode shapes of flat plates. Additionally, the continuation analysis identifies bifurcation points and is also adapted to plate configurations that include slight initial imperfections. Finally, the path following methods are also applied to track the unstable snap-through solution and natural frequencies of post-buckled plates subject to a transverse load.
Photohole Screening Effects in Polythiophenes with Pendant Groups

We compare two mechanisms that dominate the temperature-dependent changes in electronic structure for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5 diyl) (P3HT). Structural changes in the relative orientation and configuration of the aromatic ring backbone are observed to occur over a wide range in temperature and affect the local final state screening in photoemission. There are also changes in conductivity and carrier concentration at lower temperatures leading to altered long-range intramolecular screening of photoholes and final state effects that affect excitation spectroscopies including photoemission. For polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), temperature-dependent changes in the structure and configuration of the polymer backbone are not as significant, although temperature-dependent final state effects are observed.
The large scale synthesis of pure imidazolium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids

Ionic liquids are being employed in almost all areas of chemistry and materials, yet there are inherent issues which arise if the utmost care is not taken in the preparation and purification of these materials. They are not easily synthesized and purified using the existing methods. We describe a reliable method for producing large quantities of high quality ionic liquids. Additionally, we show that imidazoliums are not ‘special’ due to their ‘inherently fluorescent’ nature, that spectroscopically clean imidazoliums are attainable, and most classes of ionic liquids do exhibit fluorescent backgrounds when extreme care is not taken during their synthesis and purification.
Arabidopsis CPL4 is an essential C-terminal domain phosphatase that suppresses xenobiotic stress responses

Summary Eukaryotic gene expression is both promoted and inhibited by the reversible phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (pol II CTD). More than 20 Arabidopsis genes encode CTD phosphatase homologs, including four CTD phosphatase-like (CPL) family members. Although in vitro CTD phosphatase activity has been established for some CPLs, none have been shown to be involved in the phosphoregulation of pol II in vivo. Here we report that CPL4 is a CTD phosphatase essential for the viability of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mass spectrometry analysis identified the pol II subunits RPB1, RPB2 and RPB3 in the affinity-purified CPL4 complex. CPL4 dephosphorylates both Ser2- and Ser5-PO4 of the CTD in vitro, with a preference for Ser2-PO4. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CPL4 accumulated hypophosphorylated pol II, whereas RNA interference-mediated silencing of CPL4 promoted hyperphosphorylation of pol II. A D128A mutation in the conserved DXDXT motif of the CPL4 catalytic domain resulted in a dominant negative form of CPL4, the overexpression of which inhibited transgene expression in transient assays. Inhibition was abolished by truncation of the phosphoprotein-binding Breast Cancer 1 C-terminal domain of CPL4, suggesting that both catalytic function and protein–protein interaction are essential for CPL4-mediated regulation of gene expression. We were unable to recover a homozygous cpl4 mutant, probably due to the zygotic lethality of this mutation. The reduction in CPL4 levels in CPL4RNAi plants increased transcript levels of a suite of herbicide/xenobiotic-responsive genes and improved herbicide tolerance, thus suggesting an additional role for CPL4 as a negative regulator of the xenobiotic detoxification pathway.
Planning and Implementing a Reduced-Protein Diet

Practical aspects of planning reduced-protein diets are presented. Monitoring is emphasized. Self-management by patients in diet adherence is a focus.
Intermittent Infiltration into Soils with Hysteresis

A method is presented to solve the differential equation describing vertical flow in partly saturated soils. A high-speed digital computer was used to obtain solutions for different initial and boundary conditions representing alternating infiltration and drainage cycles in the absence of evaporation in a uniform soil of infinite depth with a uniform initial moisture content. The hysteresis in the moisture-suction relationship was taken into account by means of the concept of independent domain, and its effect was studied.
Food intake and peripheral factors after recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Rats increased food intake after plasma glucose returned to normal in the wake of an insulin-induced hypoglycemic episode. Whereas increased eating 6–8 h after insulin occurred only when plasma glu...
Intertemporal Equilibrium Models, Portfolio Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model

Intertemporal equilibrium models of the kind discussed in (Asset pricing, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2001) have become the standard paradigm in most advanced asset pricing courses. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the relationship between this paradigm and the portfolio theory paradigm common in most of the prior asset pricing literature. We show that these paradigms are merely different ways of looking at the same economic phenomena, and that insights can be gained from each approach.
Simultaneous visualization of two Citrus tristeza virus genotypes provides new insights into the structure of multi-component virus populations in a host

Complex Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) populations composed of mixtures of different strains of the virus are commonly found in citrus trees in the field. At present, little is known about how these populations are formed, maintained, and how they are structured within a host. Here we used a novel in situ hybridization approach allowing simultaneous visualization of two different RNA targets with high sensitivity and specificity to examine the distribution of two isolates, T36 and T68-1, representing phylogenetically distinct strains of CTV, in a citrus host in single and mixed infections. Remarkably, in doubly inoculated plants the two virus variants appeared to be well mixed within the infected tissue and showed no spatial segregation. In addition, both CTV variants were often found occupying the same cells. Possible mechanisms involved in shaping CTV populations and the biological significance of the observed lack of structural separation of the individual components are discussed.
On an Economics of Charity and Romance: German and Kenyans in Diani

I am proposing a talk based on research I have been conducting in Diani, a community located to the south of Mombasa, on the Kenyan coast. Over the past forty years, Germans, Swiss, and Austrians have been crucial in developing the tourism-related infrastructure and to shaping life more broadly in the area. In addition to vacationing as tourists, they are active as managers of hotels; owners of boutiques, travel agencies, nightclubs, diving businesses, and restaurants; landlords of expensive villas; and employers of Kenyans. Some move to Kenya to retire, and some engage in binational romantic relationships. Over time, the activities of these (and other) tourists and settlers have had a significant impact on the local community, affecting shifts in landownership, commercial infrastructure, population growth, interpersonal relations, and various patterns of social and cultural practices. Two main social practices emerged in Diani that are related to these developments. One practice takes the form of what can be described as a Culture of Charity, the other is part of a Culture of Romance. My talk will discuss these social practices that structure relations between Kenyans and Germans and within the larger community more broadly.
Formalin fixation for electron microscopy: a re-evaluation.

Several common formaldehyde fixative solutions using various buffer systems were evaluated for use with both light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural detail was judged best using formaldehyde buffered with monobasic sodium phosphate and sodium hydroxide, which is easy to prepare and of such low cost that it serves as an excellent routine fixative for all specimens. A parallel series of specimens, half of which were fixed in this solution and half in Millonig’s phosphate buffered paraformaldehyde, demonstrated no obvious variations in ultrastructural preservation due to the 10 to 15% methanol present in formalin. The need for preselection of tissue to be subsequently examined ultrastructurally is unnecessary if this fixative is used routinely in the histopathology laboratory.
Is sex of fetus associated with duration of labor in nulliparas

In a post facto study to examine whether sex of fetus was related to duration of nulliparas' labor 30 nulliparous (had not given birth previously) women who delivered boys and 30 others who delivered girls were matched according to the criteria that they were nulliparous, received an epidural for analgesia during labor, and their labors were either induced or augmented. All delivered vaginally. Duration of labor was not statistically significantly related to sex of the fetus.
Non-deterministic Epsilon Substitution Method for PA and ID1

We define a new simplified non-deterministic substitution process for PA and give a simple termination proof. Then the proof is extended to ID1.
The role of guanyl nucleotides in the expression of catecholamine responsive adenylate cyclase during maturation of the rat reticulocyte

Adenylate cyclase in membranes prepared from rat reticulocytes and control erythrocytes was studied in relation to sensitivity to isoproterenol and the guanyl nucleotides GTP and 59-guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]. In reticulocyte preparations, isoproterenol alone activates adenylate cyclase to a rate equivalent to 70% of that obtained with isoproterenol plus GTP or Gpp(NH)p. In contrast, only 20% of maximal enzyme activity [isoproterenol plus Gpp(NH)p] in control membranes is sensitive to isoproterenol alone. Maximal adenylate cyclase activity in reticulocytes can be achieved by the use of isoproterenol and either GTP or Gpp(NH)p. Maximal adenylate cyclase activity in control membranes occurs only with isoproterenol and Gpp(NH)p. As the reticulocyte differentiates to the mature erythrocyte, maximal enzyme stimulation becomes more dependent upon the presence of Gpp(NH)p. In both membrane preparations, Gpp(NH)p decreases by 10-fold the concentration of isoproterenol required for half-maximal activity (KA) and increases by 5-fold the concentration of propranolol required for half-maximal inhibition (I50). GTP has no effect upon the KA for isoproterenol or the I50 for propranolol in either set of membranes. Gpp(NH)p but not GTP allows development of the holocatalytic state. Even in the presence of Gpp(NH)p, however, there is still much less catecholamine-responsive adenylate cyclase in control membranes than in reticulocyte membranes. Direct detection of beta adrenergic receptors with the specific ligand [125I]hydroxybenzylpindolol showed that neither GTP nor Gpp(NH)p alters receptor number or affinity for agonist or antagonist. It is concluded that the loss of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in control membranes involves both a decrease in catalytic units of adenylate cyclase and also an uncoupling of the beta receptor. Gpp(NH)p recouples the beta receptor and adenylate cyclase by mechanisms that do not perturb hormone-receptor interaction. It is suggested that the distinct effects of the two guanyl nucleotides upon coupled reticulocyte membranes and uncoupled control membranes are due to differing metabolic fates of the guanyl nucleotides, possibly at specific sites on the adenylate cyclase complex for these nucleotides.
Abstract 4236: Detection of CAD with Real Time Perfusion Imaging versus Conventional Harmonic Imaging During Exercise and Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

Real time perfusion (RTP) imaging techniques during intravenous ultrasound contrast infusions have the potential to improve the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) during stress testing because they permit the detection of myocardial perfusion (MP), and may better enhance the detection of subendocardial ischemia by providing an endocardial and transmural border, which is not possible with conventional B-mode harmonic imaging (CHI). We hypothesized that RTP imaging would improve the detection of CAD during exercise (ESE) and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) when compared to optimal CHI. The ability to detect patients with significant CAD (defined as either a >50% diameter stenosis by quantitative angiography or negative clinical outcome at six months in low risk patients) was assessed in 393 patients being evaluated for CAD. Of these, 256 underwent DSE or ESE with RTP, and 137 underwent ESE or DSE with conventional harmonic imaging (CHI). A continuous infusion of 3% Definity (Lantheus Inc) was used for all RTP studies, and for CHI studies where endocardial borders were suboptimal. An abnormal study was defined as an inducible myocardial perfusion defect (MPD) or wall thickening (WT) abnormality (subendocardial or transmural) when using RTP, while a transmural WT abnormality was considered abnormal by CHI analysis. Reviewers were blinded to quantitative angiographic results or to clinical outcomes. A total of 228 patients underwent DSE (158 with RTP and 70 with CHI) and 165 underwent ESE (98 with RTP and 67 with CHI). RTP sensitivity was higher than CHI (p=0.001), both because of MP analysis and enhanced detection of WT abnormalities (Table). WT sensitivity improved significantly when using RTP during ESE (p=0.03). The addition of RTP imaging with ultrasound contrast improves stress test sensitivity by both identifying MP abnormalities and improving the detection of WT abnormalities.
On-line and Memory-based: Revisiting the Relationship Between Candidate Evaluation Processing Models

Reexamining the relationship between the on-line and memory-based information processing models, this study presents a theoretical basis for the co-occurrence of on-line and memory-based processes and proposes a hybrid model. The study empirically tests the hybrid model by employing real-time tracking of participants’ reactions to two candidates in a US presidential primary election debate. The findings confirm an independent, but complementary relationship between on-line and memory-based information processing in an individual’s candidate evaluation and vote choice. The co-occurrence of the two modes applies to an individual’s comparison of candidates as well. The implications of the hybrid model for the functioning of democracy are discussed.
Other Places and the Anthropology of Ourselves Early Fieldwork in Tuvalu

Asking for personal accounts of fieldwork forces a consideration of two important issues in anthropology: author-presence in ethnographic and analytic accounts and forms of ethnographic representation. Addressing both, I offer here an historical overview of my 1960s and 1970s fieldwork in the Pacific Islands country of Tuvalu in relation to (a) what I tried to accomplish at the time; (b) what actually worked out, what did not, and why; (c) what I have learned in the long run about the prospects of succeeding in those pursuits, including a sample of principles governing such narratives and how attention to them might facilitate the development of more robust and satisfying ethnographic accounts, especially when bound up in a mixed genre form I describe as an analytic memoir; and (d) comparisons with the fieldwork of Mariko Toshida, an award-winning current-generation researcher in the area.
HER2 FISH ratio cut-points and pathologic complete response (pCR), residual tumor (RT), HER2 status, and survival prediction in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC).

e22033 Background: We demonstrated that pCR is correlated with increasing HER2-FISH ratio, while disease-free survival (DFS) with pCR and ER-positivity in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with t...
Decision errors in evaluating tipping points for ecosystem resilience

Abstract When an ecosystem reaches tipping points for selected indicators, resilience to further changes in external drivers can decrease, regime shifts can occur that diminish the capacity of the ecosystem to provide ecosystem services, and the ecosystem is more vulnerable to collapse. Evaluating tipping points for resilience using crisp decision rules can result in decision errors about whether or not resilience has been compromised. The source and nature of those errors are described and a fuzzy decision rule is proposed for evaluating resilience. Decision errors are evaluated for four cases. Cases 1 through 3 (or case 4) derive conditions for evaluating decision errors when there is a single (or multiple) indicator(s). The primary sources of decision errors for the four cases are discrepancies between measured (or established) and true values of the indicators (or tipping points) and using a crisp decision rule to reach conclusions about whether or not resilience has been compromised. A fuzzy decision rule, based on fuzzy TOPSIS, is proposed that evaluates the extent to which an ecosystem is resilient. Although crisp decision rules provide unambiguous conclusions about resilience, those conclusions can be faulty, particularly when measured indicators and established tipping points deviate substantially from their true values. In contrast, the conclusions from the fuzzy decision rule are less susceptible to the decision errors and, hence, faulty decisions.
Neutron Skin Thickness of Ca 48 from a Nonlocal Dispersive Optical-Model Analysis

A nonlocal dispersive optical-model analysis has been carried out for neutrons and protons in $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$. Elastic-scattering angular distributions, total and reaction cross sections, single-particle energies, the neutron and proton numbers, and the charge distribution have been fitted to extract the neutron and proton self-energies both above and below the Fermi energy. From the single-particle propagator resulting from these self-energies, we have determined the charge and neutron matter distributions in $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$. A best fit neutron skin of $0.249\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.023\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$ is deduced, but values up to 0.33 fm are still consistent. The energy dependence of the total neutron cross sections is shown to have a strong sensitivity to the skin thickness.
Thermal analysis of fused deposition modeling process using infrared thermography imaging and finite element modeling

After years of development, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has become the most popular technique in commercial 3D printing due to its cost effectiveness and easy-to-operate fabrication process. Mechanical strength and dimensional accuracy are two of the most important factors for reliability of FDM products. However, the solid-liquid-solid state changes of material in the FDM process make it difficult to monitor and model. In this paper, an experimental model was developed to apply cost-effective infrared thermography imaging method to acquire temperature history of filaments at the interface and their corresponding cooling mechanism. A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate the same process using element "birth and death" feature and validated with the thermal response from the experimental model. In 6 of 9 experimental conditions, a maximum of 13% difference existed between the experimental and numerical models. This work suggests that numerical modeling of FDM process is reliable and can facilitate better understanding of bead spreading and road-to-road bonding mechanics during fabrication.
Balancing freedom and limitations: A case study of choice provision in a personalized learning class

Abstract This qualitative case study explored how middle school teachers and students experienced and perceived choice within a newly implemented personalized learning class. It found that teachers and students had different values, expectations, and interests related to student choice, which contributed to struggles for power and control within the personalized learning class. Findings suggest teachers may benefit from foregrounding personalized learning as a partnership in which students and teachers bring their voices into conversation while framing choice as a means toward collaboratively developed learning targets as opposed to an end in and of itself.
Modeling of the dynamic machining force of vibration-assisted nanomachining process

Abstract Nanofabrication technology is very important for many emerging engineering and scientific applications. Among different nanofabrication technologies, vibration-assisted nanomachining provides a low-cost easy-to-setup approach for producing structures with nano-scale resolution. It is very important to understand the mechanism for this nanomachining process and predict the involved machining force, so as to provide guidelines to achieve higher productivity and reduce tip wear. In this work, a machining force model for the tip-based nanomachining process was developed and validated. We analyzed the instantaneous engagement between the cutting tool (AFM tip) and the workpiece (PMMA film) during each tip rotation cycle for the vibration-assisted nanomachining process. A discrete voxel method was adopted to calculate the material removal rate at each moment, and an empirical machining force model is developed by correlating the machining force with material removal rate, which is a function of the input parameters of the nanomachining process. The machining force model was verified by experiments over a large range of machining conditions, and the coefficients in the force model were obtained by minimizing the Mean Square Error (MSE) method by comparing the predicted machining force from the model and measured machining force from the experiments. The results show a good fit between the predicted machining force and the measured machining force.
Technology Assessment: Emerging Automotive Technologies for the Future

The continuous increase in human population is accompanied with more transportation demand. As a result, the pressure on transportation infrastructure has increased beyond the ability of infrastructure to catch up, leading to increased number of traffic incidents and road congestions [45, 46]. In the USA, there are more than 6 million traffic accidents, including fatality accidents that kill more than 30 thousand people every year [47]. Also, road congestion leads to a cost of about 4.8 billion hours of time, 1.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel (equivalent to 2 months operation of the Alaska Pipeline), and $101 billion in combined delay and fuel costs, aside from cost associated with travel time and dependability [17, 47, 49].
Abstract 13613: 4D Echo-Derived Global Area Strain is a Better Mechanical Index of RV Function

Introduction: There is increasing interest in image based evaluation of RV mechanics. Hypothesis: Four-dimensional echocardiography (4DE) accurately assesses RV function, compared against sonomicrometry. Methods: Six porcine RV models were studied. Each RV was connected to a pump apparatus to generate pulsatile motion. Six sonomicrometry (sono) crystals were sutured in a triangle formation onto the RV to acquire volume. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), 3D global area strain (GAS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global radial strain (GRS) were obtained by 4D echocardiography at stroke volumes of 30-70 ml. Results were correlated with RVEF determined by sonomicrometry analysis. Results: Linear regression of all EchoPAC-derived parameters, RVEF, GAS, GCS, GLS, and GRS showed strong correlations with RVEF from sono data (r = 0.73, r = 0.78, r = 0.72, r = 0.75, r = 0.75, respectively; all P Conclusions: 4DE demonstrates the ability to accurately and feasibly assess RV function, and GAS showed the highest correlation with the reference ejection fraction.
The Emotional, Behavioral, and Cognitive Experience of Boundary Turbulence

Key to understanding the process of privacy management is examining how boundary turbulence is individually experienced. Building on the principles of communication privacy management, I considered how the amount of dissemination beyond the dyadic boundary corresponds to the automatic emotional reactions, behavioral responses, and higher-order cognitions reported in response to boundary turbulence. Two hundred sixteen college-aged students described recent privacy breaches and reported their individual emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses to the betrayal of confidence. Results revealed that the amount of dissemination of private information was positively associated with anger, fear, and sadness. Furthermore, anger incited the use of distributive tactics, and this association was stronger for individuals who ruminated. Congruently, sadness prompted withdrawal behaviors, and this relationship increased as cognitive avoidance increased.
Training and Teaching Methods of Volunteer Teachers

This article presents partial results from a self-report questionnaire of volunteer adult Bible class (Sunday school) teachers from Protestant churches across the United States. The survey question...
Protein deficiency lowers resistance of Mormon crickets to the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.

Abstract Little is known about the effects of dietary macronutrients on the capacity of insects to ward off a fungal pathogen. Here we tested the hypothesis that Mormon crickets fed restricted protein diets have lower enzymatic assays of generalized immunity, slower rates of encapsulation of foreign bodies, and greater mortality from infection by Beauveria bassiana , a fungal pathogen. Beginning in the last nymphal instar, Mormon crickets were fed a high, intermediate, or low protein diet with correspondingly low, intermediate, or high carbohydrate proportions. After they eclosed to adult, we drew hemolymph, topically applied B. bassiana , maintained them on diet treatments, and measured mortality for 21 days. Mormon crickets fed high protein diets had higher prophenoloxidase titers, greater encapsulation response, and higher survivorship to Beauveria fungal infection than those on low protein diets. We replicated the study adding very high and very low protein diets to the treatments. A high protein diet increased phenoloxidase titers, and those fed the very high protein diet had more circulating prophenoloxidase. Mormon crickets fed the very low protein diet were the most susceptible to B. bassiana infection, but the more concentrated phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase associated with the highest protein diets did not confer the greatest protection from the fungal pathogen as in the first replicate. We conclude that protein-restricted diets caused Mormon crickets to have lower phenoloxidase titers, slower encapsulation of foreign bodies, and greater mortality from B. bassiana infection than those fed high protein diets. These results support the nutrition-based dichotomy of migrating Mormon crickets, protein-deficient ones are more susceptible to pathogenic fungi whereas carbohydrate-deficient ones are more vulnerable to bacterial challenge.
Deconstruction of Racism

There has always been a struggle of resistance against racism and race-based social injustice. This chapter discusses in depth the deconstruction of racism through activism. It reviews major concepts presented in the book (social construction, oppression, institutional web, intersectionality, privilege, and scaffolding) and examines activism in relation to these major concepts: The chapter describes and analyzes in depth two contemporary grassroots activist movements that illustrate these major concepts and uses these examples to deconstruct the elements of the scaffolding (with emphasis on the poles: powerlessness, violence, exploitation, cultural imperialism, and marginalization) which supports the ongoing operation of racism in the USA. The chapter reviews styles and models of activism and explains the synergy of activist movements throughout the history of the United States. Finally, the chapter considers the relevance of future activist resistance to institutional racism.
Separation of kinetic and mass transport effects in the electrolysis of formic acid in a flow-through cell

Abstract The effects of mass transport and kinetics have been separated by analysis of the flow rate dependence of the current for formic acid oxidation at fuel cell electrodes in a flow-through cell. The mass transport limiting current was reached when a carbon supported Pd catalyst was used, which allowed the power of the flow rate dependence to be determined. Simulation of the flow rate dependence of the current in the mixed kinetic-mass transport region then allowed the electron transfer rate constant and kinetic current to be determined as a function of potential. Comparison of Tafel plots for the Pd electrode and a Pt black electrode demonstrated that the superior activity of Pd was primarily due to its lower Tafel slope. The flow-through cell geometry allows measurements to be made on fuel cell electrodes at high current densities, and provides kinetic parameters that are not influenced by diffusion of the reactant into the catalyst layer.
Non-parametric detection and localization of structural nonlinearities using orthogonal projections

Abstract Efforts to develop a general framework to quantify nonlinearities have risen in the past few decades owing to a surge in the applicability of structures that exhibit nonlinearity. There are several excellent methods for system identification that can be used when the functional form of the nonlinearity is known or can be adequately guessed through analytical models. There is, however, a need for a black-box method that can detect, localize and characterize nonlinear behavior from experimental data, which can then complement any of the aforementioned identification algorithms. One such method based on the reverse path formulation has been presented in this paper. It makes use of the fact that the nonlinearities present can be modeled as internal restoring forces which are at least partially uncorrelated with the input force. The algorithm is shown to successfully find and localize the nonlinearity present on an array of numerical models when subjected to broadband Gaussian input without assigning any parameters to the same.
Perils of Professionalization: Chronicling a Crisis and Renewing the Potential of Healthcare Management.

This paper critically examines efforts to “professionalize” the field of healthcare management and its corresponding costs. Drawing upon the scholarly critiques of professionalization in medicine and the broader field of management, this paper seeks to explore the symbolic role professionalization might play in the psyche of its constituents, and specifically its function as a defense against uncertainty and anxiety. This psychodynamic heuristic is then deployed to put forth the hypothesis that an ongoing crisis of professional identity continues to both propel and impede professionalization efforts in healthcare management, giving rise to a litany of standardization pressures that ultimately limit the field’s potential. To mitigate these pressures, the call is made for rekindling healthcare management’s moral, political, and existential aspects. Specifically, this entails engaging with the deeper themes that flow through the field: the experience of illness and what it means to suffer, the experience of life and what it means to have hope, and the experience of death and dying. It also entails squarely confronting questions of power, poverty and disease, and the pursuit of justice.
Dual-band Printed Monopole Antenna for Indoor MIMO Applications

A dual-band printed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The antenna has a modified rectangular ground plane for improving isolation between radiating ports and two monopole radiators. The antenna provides two operating bands centered at 1.5 and 2.35 GHz, covering GPS, WLAN, and LTE2300 bands. The isolation between the antenna elements is better than 10 dB across 1.5 GHz-band and 21.5 dB across 2.35 GHz-band where an isolation structure is employed between elements. The proposed MIMO antenna shows good radiation characteristics and diversity performance. Measured and simulated results are generally in good agreement.
Body surface area and medication dosing in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Multiple medications are proven to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but data regarding personalized approaches to optimize medication dosing remain limited. Current treatment guidelines recommend up-titration to target or maximally tolerated doses of these medications, yet use and dosing remain suboptimal in clinical practice. Body surface area (BSA) is a readily available clinical metric, used for dosing many medications, closely associated with blood pressure, renal function, and vascular congestion, and may influence efficacy, safety, and tolerability of HFrEF medications. In this review, we examine the rationale, strengths/weaknesses, and potential utility of BSA as a means of optimizing HFrEF medication use and dosing.
Critical Perspectives on Leadership: The Language of Corporate Power, by Mark Learmonth and Kevin Morrell

The authors want this book to serve as a kind of heresy against the language of leadership and how we think about authority and power at work. Its basic premise is that in contemporary culture, the...
Probing the Local Nanoscale Heating Mechanism of a Magnetic Core in Mesoporous Silica Drug-Delivery Nanoparticles Using Fluorescence Depolarization.

In the presence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF), a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) generates heat. Understanding the local heating mechanism of a SPION in suspension and in a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) will advance the design of hyperthermia-based nanotheranostics and AMF-stimulated drug delivery in biomedical applications. The AMF-induced heating of single-domain SPION can be explained by the Neel relaxation (reorientation of the magnetization) or the Brownian relaxation (motion of the particle). The latter is investigated using fluorescence depolarization based on detecting the mobility-dependent polarization anisotropy (r) of two luminescence emission bands at different wavelengths corresponded to the europium-doped luminescent SPION (EuSPION) core and the silica-based intrinsically emitting shell of the core-shell MSN. The fluorescence depolarization experiments are carried out with both the free and the silica-encapsulated SPION nanoparticles with and without application of the AMF. The r value of a EuSPION core-mesoporous silica shell in the presence of the AMF does not change, indicating that no additional rotational motion of the core-shell nanoparticles is induced by the AMF, disproving the contribution of Brownian heating and thus supporting Neel relaxation as the dominant heating mechanism.
Resources Utilization After Liver Transplantation in Patients With and Without Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Cleveland Clinic Experience.

Patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) reportedly experience posttransplant morbidity and require more resources to care during perioperative period. The exact incremental increase of resources utilization compared with non-HPS population remains unknown. Methods In this single-center retrospective investigation, we compared the perioperative resources utilization of HPS patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant (n = 28) to cohort without HPS (n = 739). Potential confounding variables were adjusted in the analysis and the multivariable log-linear regression were used. Results The overall hospital costs for HPS patients were about 27% higher compared with non-HPS patients (the ratio of geometric means, 1.27; 98.3% confidence interval, 1.09-1.47; P < 0). HPS diagnosis was independently associated with both longer intensive care unit stay (P < 0.001) and hospital stay (P < 0.001). The odds of being discharged to extended care facility were about 15 times higher for HPS patients comparing to non-HPS patients (odds ratio, 14.9; 97.5% confidence interval, 4.98-44.29; P < 0.001). There were no differences observed in odds of being readmitted to the hospital within 6 mo after the transplant (P = 0.75). Conclusions HPS diagnosis was associated with longer intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, and increased hospital cost, together with higher odds of being discharged to extended care facility compared with non-HPS patients.
Particle Tracking of a Complex Microsystem in Three Dimensions and Six Degrees of Freedom

We make use of the intrinsic aberrations of an optical microscope to track single particles in three dimensions, and we combine information from multiple particles on a rigid body of a microelectromechanical system to measure its motion in six degrees of freedom. Our tracking method provides an extraordinary amount of information from an ordinary imaging system, revealing unintentional motion of the microsystem due to fabrication tolerance and nanoscale clearance between parts in sliding contact. Our work facilitates quantification and study of the actuation performance and reliability of complex microsystems.
Channel Decoding Based on Complex-valued Convolutional Neural Networks

Inspired by the recent outcomes in deep learning, we propose a novel decoding architecture which concatenates a complex-valued convolutional neural network (CCNN) with a belief propagation (BP) decoder for combating correlated noise in the channel. The CCNN can exploit the complex noise correlation and yield a more accurate estimation of the channel noise. Depressing the influence of channel noise via the proposed architecture, the BP decoder can obtain better decoding performances. Furthermore, extensive experiments are carried out to analyze and verify performances of the proposed framework.
Charles William Sargent, PhD, AHIP, FMLA, 1925–2020

Charles William Sargent, PhD, AHIP, FMLA, director emeritus of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Library of the Health Sciences and 1981–1982 president and member of the 1972–1975 Board of Directors of the Medical Library Association (MLA), died on January 8, 2020, in San Antonio, Texas. Sargent’s career in librarianship included positions at research, special, and health sciences libraries, as well as an appointment as a library school faculty member. He was known for his mentoring, interest in clinical librarianship, and belief in the power of organizations.