cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic glenoid removal for aseptic loosening in total shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Background Glenoid loosening is the most common long-term complication of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and frequently necessitates revision. Though arthroscopic glenoid removal is an accepted treatment option for glenoid loosening, there is a paucity of outcomes literature available. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic glenoid removal for failed or loosened glenoid component in TSA. We hypothesized that arthroscopic glenoid removal would produce acceptable clinical and patient-reported outcomes while limiting the need for further revisions. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 11 consecutive patients undergoing 12 arthroscopic glenoid removals for symptomatic glenoid loosening by a single orthopedic surgeon between March 2005 and March 2018. Indication for arthroscopic glenoid removal included symptomatic glenoid loosening with radiographic evidence of a 1-2 mm radiolucent line around the glenoid. Shoulder range of motion, functionality (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test), and pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) were evaluated. Radiographs were assessed for glenohumeral subluxation, humeral superior migration, and glenohumeral offset following glenoid removal. Results The mean follow-up period since arthroscopic glenoid removal was 55 months (range, 20-172 months). Glenoid component removal significantly reduced forward elevation, with a mean decrease from 147 ± 13° preoperatively to 127 ± 29° postoperatively (P= .031). However, there was no significant change in external rotation (44 ± 9° vs. 43 ± 19°; P= .941) or internal rotation (L4 vs. L4; P= .768). Importantly, glenoid removal significantly decreased VAS pain scores from 7 ± 3 preoperatively to 5 ± 3 postoperatively (P= .037). Additionally, improvement in ASES approached statistical significance, increasing from 33 ± 25 preoperatively to 53 ± 28 postoperatively (P= .055). With regard to radiographic outcomes, there was no evidence of glenohumeral subluxation and humeral superior migration developed in 1 patient. However, there was significant medialization of the greater tuberosity relative to the acromion, with a mean lateral offset of 6 ± 7 mm preoperatively and −2 ± 4 mm postoperatively (P= .002). Two patients required conversion to reverse TSA for persistent pain. There were no complications. Discussion These findings suggest that arthroscopic glenoid removal for symptomatic glenoid loosening is a viable option to improve pain while limiting the need for additional reoperations and decreasing the risks associated with revision arthroplasty. However, continual follow-up to monitor medialization is recommended. Level of Evidence Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study
Nonhuman primate models for SARS-CoV-2 research: Cryopreservation as a means to maintain critical models and enhance the genetic diversity of colonies.

Nonhuman primate (NHP) models, the most predictive preclinical models for human diseases and treatment outcomes, are in high demand and limited supply. There is a need for improved cryopreservation methods and routine storage of gametes and embryos, which are vital to protecting unique genetic models as well as providing resources for enhancing the genetic diversity of NHP colonies.
INDOOR POSITIONING FOR SMART DEVICES BASED ON SENSOR FUSION WITH PARTICLE FILTER: LOCALIZATION AND MAP UPDATING

Abstract. With every new generation of smart devices, new sensors are introduced, such as depth camera or UWB sensors. Combined with the rapidly growing number of smart mobile devices, indoor positioning systems (IPS) have seen increasing interest due to numerous indoor location-based services (ILBS) and mobile applications at large. Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength (RSS) based fingerprinting positioning (WF) techniques are popularly used in many IPS as the widespread deployment of IEEE 802.11 WLAN (Wi-Fi) networks, as this technique requires no line-of-sight to the access points (APs), and it is easy to extract Wi-Fi signal from 802.11 networks with smart devices. However, WF techniques have problems with fingerprint variance, i.e., fluctuation of the sensed signal, and efficient map updating due to the frequently changing environment. To address these problems, we propose a novel framework of IPS which uses particle filter to fuse WF and state-of-the-art CNN-based visual localization method to better adapt to changing indoor environment. The suggested system was tested with real-world crowdsourced data collected by multiple devices in an office hallway. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can achieve robust localization at a 0.3~1.5 m mean error (ME) accuracy, and map updating with a 79% correction rate.
Nursing Staff Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavior Control, and Intention to Provide Tobacco Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital.

Background:Although the nursing staff is fundamental in assisting individuals with mental illnesses (MI) to stop tobacco use, they often have mixed feelings about providing tobacco treatment (TT) s...
The Religious and the Political: A Comparative Sociology of Religion

While the relationships between ethics and religion, and violence and politics, are of enduring interest, the interface between religion and violence is one of the most problematic features of the contemporary world. Following in the tradition of Max Weber's historical and comparative study of religions, this book explores the many ways in which religion and politics are both combined and separated across different world religions and societies. Through a variety of case studies including the monarchy, marriage, law and conversion, Bryan S. Turner explores different manifestations of secularization, and how the separation of church and state is either compromised or abandoned. He considers how different states manage religion in culturally and religiously diverse societies and concludes with a discussion of the contemporary problems facing the liberal theory of freedom of religion. The underlying theoretical issue is the conditions for legitimacy of rule in modern societies experiencing global changes.
Effect of Piperonyl Butoxide on the Toxicity of Four Classes of Insecticides to Navel Orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the navel orangeworm, is a highly polyphagous economic pest of almond, pistachio, and walnut crops in California. Increasing demand for these crops and their rising economic value has resulted in substantial increases of insecticide applications to reduce damage to acceptable levels. The effects of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a methylenedioxyphenyl compound that can act as a synergist by inhibiting cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification on insecticide metabolism by A. transitella, were examined in a series of feeding bioassays with first-instar A. transitella larvae from a laboratory strain. PBO, however, can have a variety of effects on metabolism, including inhibition of glutathione-S-transferases and esterases and induction of P450s. In our study, PBO synergized the toxicity of acetamiprid, λ-cyhalothrin, and spinosad, suggesting possible involvement of P450s in their detoxification. In contrast, PBO interacted antagonistically with the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos, reducing its toxicity, an effect consistent with inhibition of P450-mediated bioactivation of this pesticide. The toxicity of the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole was not altered by PBO, suggestive of little or no involvement of P450-mediated metabolism in its detoxification. Because a population of navel orangeworm in Kern County, CA, has already acquired resistance to the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin through enhanced P450 activity, determining the effect of adding a synergist such as PBO on detoxification of all insecticide classes registered for use in navel orangeworm management can help to develop rotation practices that may delay resistance acquisition or to implement alternative management practices where resistance is likely to evolve.
Inflammatory gene networks in term human decidual cells define a potential signature for cytokine-mediated parturition.

Background Inflammation is a proximate mediator of preterm birth and fetal injury. During inflammation several microRNAs (22 nucleotide noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules) are up-regulated in response to cytokines such as interleukin-1β. MicroRNAs, in most cases, fine-tune gene expression, including both up-regulation and down-regulation of their target genes. However, the role of pro- and antiinflammatory microRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Objective The principal goal of the work was to examine the inflammatory genomic profile of human decidual cells challenged with a proinflammatory cytokine known to be present in the setting of preterm parturition. We determined the coding (messenger RNA) and noncoding (microRNA) sequences to construct a network of interacting genes during inflammation using an in vitro model of decidual stromal cells. Study Design The effects of interleukin-1β exposure on mature microRNA expression were tested in human decidual cell cultures using the multiplexed NanoString platform, whereas the global inflammatory transcriptional response was measured using oligonucleotide microarrays. Differential expression of select transcripts was confirmed by quantitative real time–polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatics tools were used to infer transcription factor activation and regulatory interactions. Results Interleukin-1β elicited up- and down-regulation of 350 and 78 nonredundant transcripts (false discovery rate Conclusion Stimulation of decidual cells with interleukin-1β alters the expression of microRNAs that function to temper proinflammatory signaling. In this setting, some microRNAs may be involved in tissue-level inflammation during the bulk of gestation and assist in pregnancy maintenance.
Adaptive filters realized with second order sections

Adaptive digital filters are currently used in many communication systems for echo cancellation, channel equalization, and adaptive noise cancellation. Most practical applications presently use adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters because they are well behaved in terms of convergence and stability properties. This paper presents an adaptive algorithm that operates with a parallel form infinite impulse response (IIR) filter structure for applications in which an FIR filter requires too much computation. The new algorithm is derived mathematically and the results of computer experiments are presented to demonstrate its performance.
COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND PECTOLYTIC ENZYME PRODUCTION BY BACILLUS POLYMYXA

Nagel, Charles W. (University of California, Davis) and Reese H. Vaughn. Comparison of growth and pectolytic enzyme production by Bacillus polymyxa. J. Bacteriol. 83:1–5. 1962.—Studies were made of pectolytic enzyme production by Bacillus polymyxa during growth. It was found that elaboration of enzyme occurred during logarithmic growth and ceased when the stationary phase was reached. The specific activity of the extra-cellular enzyme remained relatively constant until lysis occurred. The increased specific activity of the intracellular pectolytic enzyme may be explained if one assumes that the rate of secretion of the intracellular enzyme is dependent upon the concentration of the extracellular enzyme. The concentration of the intracellular pectolytic enzyme dropped markedly at the end of the logarithmic growth phase; the enzyme was released into the medium during the stationary growth phase and subsequent lysis of the cells. It was shown that the intra- and extracellular enzymes were similar or identical in that both were calcium-dependent pectic acid transeliminases.
A lightweight authentication protocol with local security association control in mobile networks

In this paper, we propose a new lightweight authentication protocol with local security association (SA) control to locally authenticate an inter-domain roaming user based on its mobility and traffic patterns. We first design a protocol to establish a local SA for authenticating the roaming user securely. Then, in order to determine the life time for the local SA, an authentication cost function is proposed to evaluate the authentication efficiency with the concern of risk, mobility and traffic patterns. The optimal life time of the local SA is determined by minimizing the authentication cost function. The performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed with respect to authentication cost under different mobility and traffic patterns. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms DIAMETER for macro-mobility users with high volume of authentication requests.
Electrically-small inductively-loaded low-profile dual sector antennas in random arrays for surface exploration and mapping

An electrically small inductively loaded dual sector antenna is investigated by varying the geometrical relationships between individual antenna parameters. Bandwidth is increased by closely spacing the resonant frequencies of each stacked sector. Inductive copper strips across the antenna aperture are adjusted to shape each sector's resonant frequency response. Rigorous simulation of these geometrical relationships leads to a highly functional design, which is fabricated and measured
Prototype flying-wire beam-profile monitor

A prototype flying-wire beam-profile monitor has been designed, fabricated, and tested to measure profiles of high-current high-duty electron beams. The device measures the beam's horizontal and vertical profiles with a pair of thin carbon filaments mounted on a wheel. The beam that intercepts the filaments, or wires, produces electrons by secondary emission in proportion to the incident beam current. The secondary electron signal is detected either by measuring the charge depletion current on the wires or by measuring the current collected on a pair of positively biased charge collectors. A servo motor is used to accelerate the wheel from rest to a speed of 25 RPS in less than half a revolution passing the wires through the path of the beam at a speed of /spl sim/10 m/s. The wheel is then decelerated back to rest before completing one full revolution. The precise timing requirements of this application led to the development of an indexer capable of controlling the servo motor position with less than 20 /spl mu/s of timing jitter. >
Employer Satisfaction with Program Completers: Challenges of Contact and Interpretation:

Evaluations of educational programs' success often benefit from feedback supplied by the employers of students who have completed the program, but attempts to contact employers may be marred by coverage error. Moreover, the formulation of goals against which a program's success can be evaluated may be problematic. This paper explores an evaluation of an initiative to enhance instruction and capabilities regarding information technology in view of these problems. Experience with the project led to the conclusions that plans for a census or probability-based sampling sometimes must be revised in the course of an ongoing study and that official goals must be developed with caution. In view of such difficulties, designing studies in which errors are nonproblematic or can be measured with precision may represent an unattainable outcome. Even so, studies that can make constructive contributions to ongoing decision-making may still be viewed as qualified but meaningful successes.
Properties of NMDA receptor channels in neurons acutely isolated from epileptic (kindled) rats

The hyperexcitability accompanying chronic epileptiform activity may result from long-term alterations of ligand- and voltage-gated channels. Previous studies have indicated that NMDA responses and other electrophysiological characteristics of dentate gyrus granule cells are profoundly altered following chronic epilepsy (kindling). We have now investigated channels activated by NMDA using whole-cell patch-clamp and cell-attached single-channel recordings in granule cells acutely isolated from control and epileptic (kindled) rats. In control neurons, the amplitude of whole-cell NMDA currents was not sensitive to the presence of an intracellular ATP regeneration system, whereas NMDA currents in kindled cells showed a great variability, with larger amplitudes consistently recorded in the presence of intracellular high-energy phosphates. The ratio of peak to steady-state NMDA current (desensitization) was comparable (approximately 51%) in control and kindled neurons. Single-channel conductance determined from fluctuation analysis of whole-cell NMDA currents ranged between 21 and 35 pS in control and between 17 and 37 pS in kindled cells. Whole-cell NMDA channel noise power spectra yielded a single normal distribution of long channel lifetimes (mean, 4.3 msec) in control neurons, and the sum of two normal distributions (means, 4.6 and 7.1 msec) in kindled cells. The voltage-dependent Mg2+ block of NMDA channels was altered following kindling. From curves fitted to voltage-ramp-evoked currents in the presence of NMDA, the calculated affinity for Mg2+ of kindled channels at 0 mV was lower (12 mM) than that of controls (1.7 mM). Cell-attached recordings in the absence of Mg2+ have substantiated the lack of effect of kindling on single-channel conductance (approximately 50 pS), and have demonstrated large increases in mean open times (from 1.26 msec in control to 2.05 msec in kindled), burst lengths (from 1.91 msec to 4.18 msec), and cluster lengths (from 9.11 msec to 20.86 msec) of NMDA channels in kindled neurons. In summary, kindling, an NMDA receptor-dependent form of activity-dependent neuronal plasticity induced in vivo, results in lasting modifications in the function of single NMDA receptor channels that can be studied in acutely dissociated neurons. Kindling-induced epilepsy predominantly affects the mean open time, burst, and cluster duration of NMDA channels, their sensitivity to intracellular high-energy phosphates, and their block by Mg2+, but not the desensitization or single-channel conductance. Such alterations may reflect a change in the molecular structure of NMDA channels and may underlie the maintenance of the epileptic state.
Identification of a novel activation domain in the Notch-responsive transcription factor CSL

CSL is the primary target of the Notch signaling pathway in mammalian cells. It is a DNA binding protein that generally represses transcription in the absence of Notch signaling and activates transcription upon formation of a ternary complex with NICD, the protease-generated intracellular domain of Notch. Previous mapping experiments identified the central third of CSL as both necessary and sufficient for DNA binding and activation by Notch. Here we show that CSL promotes transcription in 293T cells in the absence of added NICD and that this activity requires both the central domain plus the C-terminal third of the protein. Evidence is presented that argues against a contribution of endogenous NICD and instead supports the possibility that distinct coactivators may directly stimulate the activity of CSL in a cell type-specific manner. This conclusion supports a recent finding that Drosophila CSL (Suppressor of Hairless) can also mediate transcriptional activation in the absence of Notch.
The AINTEGUMENTA genes, MdANT1 and MdANT2, are associated with the regulation of cell production during fruit growth in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.).

Fruit growth in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is mediated by cell production and expansion. Genes involved in regulating these processes and thereby fruit growth, are not well characterized. We hypothesized that the apple homolog(s) of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), an APETALA2–repeat containing transcription factor, regulates cell production during fruit growth in apple. Two ANT genes, MdANT1 and MdANT2, were isolated from apple and their expression was studied during multiple stages of fruit development. MdANT1 and MdANT2 expression was high during early fruit growth coincident with the period of cell production, rapidly declined during exit from cell production, and remained low during the rest of fruit development. The effects of increase in carbohydrate availability during fruit growth were characterized. Increase in carbohydrate availability enhanced fruit growth largely through an increase in cell production. Expression of MdANT1 and MdANT2 increased sharply by up to around 5-fold in response to an increase in carbohydrate availability. Expression of the ANT genes was compared across two apple genotypes, ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious Smoothee’ (GS), which differ in the extent of fruit growth, largely due to differences in cell production. In comparison to ‘Gala’, the larger fruit-size genotype, GS, displayed higher levels and a longer duration of MdANT1 and MdANT2 expression. Expression of the ANTs and cell cycle genes in the fruit core and cortex tissues isolated using laser capture microdissection was studied. During early fruit growth, expression of the MdANTs was higher within the cortex, the tissue that constitutes the majority of the fruit. Additionally, MdANT1 and MdANT2 expression was positively correlated with that of A- and B-type CYCLINS, B-type CYCLIN-DEPENDENT-KINASES (CDKBs) and MdDEL1. Multiple lines of evidence from this study suggest that MdANT1 and MdANT2 regulate cell production during fruit growth in apple. ANTs may coordinate the expression of cell proliferation genes and thereby affect the competence of cells for cell production during fruit growth. Together, data from this study implicate MdANT1 and MdANT2 in the regulation of fruit growth in apple.
Net rate analysis method for assessment and improvement of flame models

Abstract A new method for evaluating kinetic flame models, called net rate analysis , was developed from existing mechanism screening techniques and a modified form of reaction path analysis. In net rate analysis, the contributions of individual reactions are gauged by comparing rates of reaction computed using experimental mole fractions, rather than mole fractions produced by a flame code simulation. The sum of these contributions for a given species—the data-based predicted net rate—is compared to the experimental net rate derived from measured mole fractions using the laminar flame equations. Various features of a model's structure and its predictions, such as interdependencies of submechanisms and net rates, can be revealed with this technique. Measured profiles of mole fractions and temperature in flat, laminar, premixed H 2 /O 2 /C 6 H 6 /Ar and C 6 H 6 /O 2 /Ar flames were used to evaluate the new technique against conventional reaction path analysis or mole fraction comparisons. In some cases, the conventional methods appear to identify the existence of a problem with the chemistry of a particular species when, in fact, the chemistry is correct. Propagation of errors in the predicted mole fraction of other species to the species under consideration are the source of the discrepancy. Also observed in the use of the conventional analyses are cases where deficiencies in the chemistry involving a particular species are offset by inaccurate predictions of other species, thus leading to the incorrect conclusion that the proposed chemistry is sound. Net rate analysis is shown to lead to more realistic conclusions than techniques based on the use of computed mole fractions because the net rate analysis eliminates the propagation of error found in predicted mole fractions.
Inhibition of male sexual behavior after interacting with a mated female

A male’s reproductive success is generally highly dependent on his mating success. Nevertheless, there may be times during a male’s life when his sexual responsiveness ebbs. In the parasitic wasp, Spalangia endius, after a male mates, he shows a temporary decrease in his sexual responsiveness to even virgin females. We examined behavioral mechanisms for the decrease. (1) Decreased sexual responsiveness is not simply a result of habituation to attractive features of females during mating. If it was, males that had courted dead virgin females for substantially longer than during a normal mating should have been detectably less sexually responsiveness than males that had not courted, but they were not. (2) Decreased sexual responsiveness also is not a learned aversion to females that results from female brush-off, in which females use their hind legs to dislodge mounted males after copulation. Sexual responsiveness was reduced by mating regardless of brush-off. (3) Male S. endius are known to avoid mounting mated females, and surprisingly, the responsiveness of a virgin male decreased even when he had briefly approached and then retreated from an already mated female, i.e., even in the absence of mounting or copulation. This suggests that the aversive stimulus that causes males to retreat from mated females is also involved in the male’s subsequent sexual inhibition.
Isolation and characterization of nuclear microsatellite loci in the anadromous marine fish Morone saxatilis

Molecular genetic studies of population structure and gene flow are commonly employed in fish stock assessment and breeding population delineation. Genetically structured breeding populations may have different effective population sizes, distinct reproductive rates and variable susceptibility to harvesting or breeding habitat degradation. Nine microsatellite loci were isolated for Morone saxatilis (Moronidae), an anadromous fish inhabiting the mid-Atlantic. Microsatellite loci were isolated with a subtractive hybridization method and will be used to estimate population structure. The loci averaged 8.5 alleles each. Seven loci in the Choptank population and two loci in the Potomac population deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expected frequencies of heterozygotes.
Field biology of Paraleyrodes minei (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in southern California

Paraleyrodes minei laccarino is an species adventive in southern California. First noted in 1984 in San Diego, its range has expanded to include most of the southern coastal portions of California, north to Ventura County and inland to Riverside County. Population development is continuous throughout the year, requiring ≍60 d from egg to adult in the winter, and 20 d from egg to adult in the summer. Preimaginal survival is high for a whitefly, ranging from 10% in the winter to 36% in the summer. No natural enemies have been identified attacking the whitefly in California. New natural enemies are being sought to bring about biological control of this species.
Reactions of the multiply-bonded dirhenium(II) complexes Re2X4(μ-dppm)2(CNR) (X = Cl or Br; R = t-Bu or xylyl) with alkynes. Structural characterization of [Re2Cl3(μ-dppm)2(CN-t-Bu)(η2-HCCH)]O3SCF3 and a comparison with the related carbonyl species(1)

The reactions of the triply-bonded monoisocyanide complexes Re2X4(μ-dppm)2(CNR) (X = Cl or Br; dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2; R = t-Bu or xylyl) with the alkyne ligands HCCH and n-PrCCH in the presence of TlO3SCF3 afford the complexes [Re2X3(μ-dppm)2-(CNR)(η2-HCCR)]O3SCF3 (R = H or n-C3H3). The structure of this set of complexes has been established by an X-ray structure determination on a single crystal of composition [Re2Cl3(μ-dppm)2(CN-t-Bu)(η2-HCCH)]-O3SCF3·CH3C(O)OC2H5(2a). The structure of the dirhenium(II) cation, [(t-BuNC)Cl2Re(μ-dppm)2ReCl-(μ2-HCCH)]+, involves different coordination numbers for the two Re centres and an anti arrangement of the t-BuNC and μ2-HCCH ligands. The 625-01 bond length of 2.3171(5) A accords with the retention of a 625-02 bond.
A predictive model for the throughput of simple assembly systems

Abstract Along with the three-station serial line, the three-station assembly system is a fundamental building block of many production systems, yet its throughput is quite difficult to analyze. In this paper we develop approximate methods for predicting the throughput of unbalanced three-station assembly systems. We present a distribution-free approach for the general case, but our approximation can harness closed-form analytic results for particular distributions when they exist.
Focal Electrically Administered Seizure Therapy: A Novel form of ECT Illustrates the Roles of Current Directionality, Polarity, and Electrode Configuration in Seizure Induction

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a mainstay in the treatment of severe, medication-resistant depression. The antidepressant efficacy and cognitive side effects of ECT are influenced by the position of the electrodes on the head and by the degree to which the electrical stimulus exceeds the threshold for seizure induction. However, surprisingly little is known about the effects of other key electrical parameters such as current directionality, polarity, and electrode configuration. Understanding these relationships may inform the optimization of therapeutic interventions to improve their risk/benefit ratio. To elucidate these relationships, we evaluated a novel form of ECT (focal electrically administered seizure therapy, FEAST) that combines unidirectional stimulation, control of polarity, and an asymmetrical electrode configuration, and contrasted it with conventional ECT in a nonhuman primate model. Rhesus monkeys had their seizure thresholds determined on separate days with ECT conditions that crossed the factors of current directionality (unidirectional or bidirectional), electrode configuration (standard bilateral or FEAST (small anterior and large posterior electrode)), and polarity (assignment of anode and cathode in unidirectional stimulation). Ictal expression and post-ictal suppression were quantified through scalp EEG. Findings were replicated and extended in a second experiment with the same subjects. Seizures were induced in each of the 75 trials, including 42 FEAST procedures. Seizure thresholds were lower with unidirectional than with bidirectional stimulation (p<0.0001), and lower in FEAST than in bilateral ECS (p=0.0294). Ictal power was greatest in posterior-anode unidirectional FEAST, and post-ictal suppression was strongest in anterior-anode FEAST (p=0.0008 and p=0.0024, respectively). EEG power was higher in the stimulated hemisphere in posterior-anode FEAST (p=0.0246), consistent with the anode being the site of strongest activation. These findings suggest that current directionality, polarity, and electrode configuration influence the efficiency of seizure induction with ECT. Unidirectional stimulation and novel electrode configurations such as FEAST are two approaches to lowering seizure threshold. Furthermore, the impact of FEAST on ictal and post-ictal expression appeared to be polarity dependent. Future studies may examine whether these differences in seizure threshold and expression have clinical significance for patients receiving ECT.
Asthma controller medications: what do patients want?

Our goal was to understand which features of asthma controller medications are important to patients. We used a cross-sectional survey of primary care patients (N = 394) with the diagnosis of asthma. Using conjoint or “trade-off analysis,” we measured patient preferences for hypothetical asthma controller medications based upon their route and frequency of administration, and need for blood test monitoring. Patients were not willing to use medications that required blood test monitoring. Preference regarding blood test monitoring was the strongest of any medication attribute that we studied, accounting for 45% of the variation. Patients' decisions were also highly affected by the frequency of dosing (40% of the variation). Patients did not have strong preferences regarding the route of administration (15% of the variation). Understanding these patient preferences may lead to increased compliance with treatment plans and promote physician-patient partnership.
Review: Etomidate increased mortality and adrenal insufficiency in adults with sepsis

Source Citation Chan CM, Mitchell AL, Shorr AF. Etomidate is associated with mortality and adrenal insufficiency in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2945-53. 22971586
Global Civil Society as Megaphone or Echo Chamber?: Voice in the International Disability Rights Movement

The passage of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006 was hailed by the international disability rights movement as “giving voice” to millions of persons with disabilities around the world. The Convention institutionalizes a role for Disabled Persons Organizations (DPOs) in monitoring their rights. As such, international disability NGOs, networks, and funders have initiated capacity building projects that organize persons with disabilities for advocacy in local communities around the world. A central tension, however, has emerged. While the international disability movement is interested in mobilizing grassroots groups, it is also interested in ensuring that those DPOs reflect global priorities. Using qualitative data drawn from fieldwork with grassroots disability associations in Northern Nicaragua, this article shows that international and national organizations have utilized a number of methods, including providing advocacy training, establishing new organizations, and formalizing reporting procedures, to bring DPOs together around a human rights advocacy agenda. Program implementation, however, revealed a narrow concern with political empowerment that did not resonate with a local focus on addressing material needs and the instillation of a strict hierarchy and bureaucratic procedures that did not allow local DPOs to deviate from predetermined, top-down agendas. This case study provides insight into the way global civil society legitimates itself through outreach directed at the grassroots, yet does not allow their full participation in interpreting and implementing their human rights.
Transcriptional Responses to Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid in Barley Aleurone

Cereal aleurone has been established as a model system to investigate giberrellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Using Barley 1 GeneChip, we examined the mRNA accumulation of over 22 000 genes in de-embryonated barley aleurone treated with GA and ABA. We observed that 1 328 genes had more than a threefold change in response to GA treatment, whereas 206 genes had a more than threefold change in response to ABA treatment. Interestingly, approximately 2.5-fold more genes were up-regulated than downregulated by ABA. Eighty-three genes were differentially regulated by both GA and ABA. Most of the genes were subject to antagonistic regulation by ABA and GA, particularly for genes related to seed maturation and germination, such as genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins and storage mobilization enzymes. This supports the antagonistic roles of GA and ABA in seed maturation and seed germination. Interestingly, we observed that a significant percentage of the genes were coordinately regulated by both GA and ABA. Some GA-responsive genes encoded proteins involved in ethylene, jasmonate, brassinosteroid and auxin metabolic and signaling transduction pathways, suggesting their potential interaction with the GA response. We also identified a group of transcription factor genes, such as MYB and Homeobox genes, that were differentially regulated by GA. In addition, a number of GA- and/or ABA-responsive genes encoded components potentially involved in GA and ABA signal transduction pathway. Overall, the present study provides a comprehensive and global view of transcript expression accompanying the GA and ABA response in barley aleurone and identifies a group of genes with potential regulatory functions in GA- and ABA-signaling pathways for future functional validation.
Studies of polyisobutylene using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)

Abstract A series of polyisobutylenes (PIBs) with average molecular weights from 800 to 4 × 105 were analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The PIB spectra consist of a sequence of repeating patterns. Four clusters are observed within each pattern. Each cluster corresponds to several species, which are neutral fragments generated from polymer chain scission, cationized by a silver ion. The species formed have various numbers of double bonds and/or rings, and are separated by two mass units. The data indicate that the average molecular weight of PIB affects the ion formation. It changes the relative cluster intensities in a pattern, and also varies the cluster structures. More fragment-ion species can be detected from a high molecular weight polymer, and the unsaturated fragments are predominant. In addition to the large fragments, small fragment ions also provide information about some structurally important features.
Transplantation in the HIV+ patient.

The historical exclusion from transplantation of HIV-infected people was based on the logical premise that immunosuppression required for organ transplantation would exacerbate an immunocompromised state. However, the prognosis for people with HIV infection has dramatically improved with the clinical use of highly active antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (HAART). Clinical trials of ARV agents have demonstrated significant virologic, immunologic and survival benefits associated with the use of protease inhibitor (PI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) containing regimens, when combined with two nucleoside analogues. The incidence of opportunistic infections and hospitalizations has decreased with the use of HAART. In combination with historical data suggesting that a subpopulation of HIV+ transplant recipients tolerate immunosuppression and have allograft survival comparable to that of HIV– transplant recipients, these results indicate that the medical community should readdress HIV infection as a contraindication to transplantation.
Complete NMR analysis of oxytocin in phosphate buffer.

Complete NMR analysis of oxytocin (OXT) in phosphate buffer was elucidated by one-dimensional (1D)- and two-dimensional (2D)-NMR techniques, which involve the assignment of peptide amide NH protons and carbamoyl NH2 protons. The 1H15N correlation of seven amide NH protons and three carbamoyl NH2 protons were also shown by HSQC NMR of OXT without 15N enrichment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY: VI. DR. WILLIAM HEALY-1869 TO 1963-THE MAN IN HIS TIME

Summary.-Contributions of William Healy to the growth of professional mental health activities, and in particular to psychology, are discussed. One need not accept entirely Gandhi's conviction that knowledge is impossible without a Guru (a spiritual teacher who symbolizes one's ideals) to perceive that some insight into an individual's sense of values can be obtained from people's notions of a great man, dead or living, and their reasons for thinking the way they do. In this sense, Healy was practically a Guru to many people. He was a source of inspiration because of the kind of human being he was and the way he went about his work as well as what he achieved. Dr. George Gardner, who replaced Healy as the Director of the Judge Baker Guidance Center refers to his feelings about working with him as "not devoid of an apparent awe in the presence of his Chief." Others, like myself, who met him at meetings in the Ortho- psychiatric Society where he often was a chairman or a discussant, looked with awe at his breadth of knowledge, his calmness in his criticism, as well as his kind, encouraging, and stimulating reactions. In the late 20's there were relatively few psychologists in child guidance clinics. Most of the psychologists of that day were mental testers, with an A.B. or M.A. degree. The few Ph.D.s and trained professionals who were active in the child guidance move- ment looked up to Dr. Healy for his pioneering activities which led to the founding of
Infrared and Raman spectra of lunar samples from Apollo 11, 12 and 14

We report the room temperature infrared reflectance spectra of several lunar surface rocks in the form of polished slices or butt ends. The spectra were obtained over the frequency range 20-2000 cm−1 throughout the mid and far infrared (5-500µ) region of the electromagnetic spectrum where the fundamental internal and lattice vibrational modes of all minerals and rocks occur. Some fines samples were examined as pressed pellets and their reflectivities compared with the bulk samples. Several terrestrial minerals and rocks were also investigated. Kramers-Kronig analyses of these reflectance spectra were undertaken and the dispersion of the dielectric response (e′ and e″) and the optical constants (n andk) have been determined over this frequency range. The low frequency and high frequency (infrared) dielectric constants were also calculated from the reflectance data. Raman light scattering measurements were made on all the samples supplied from the first three Apollo missions. Large background scattering proved to be the greatest experimental problem. Successful spectra in nearly all cases were obtained from small crystalline inclusions imbedded in the main ground mass. Some crystalline bulk rocks containing many very fine inclusions gave identifiable spectra and at least three different types were obtained.
Adding time to a logic of authentication

In [BAN89] Burrows, Abadi, and Needham presented a logic (BAN) for analyzing cryptographic protocols in terms of belief. This logic is quite useful in uncovering flaws in protocols; however, it also has produced confusion and controversy. Much of the confusion was cleared up when Abadi and Tuttle provided a semantics for a version of that logic (AT) in [AT91].In this paper we present a protocol to show that both BAN and AT are not expressive enough to capture all of the kinds of flaws that appear to be within their scope. We then present a logic that adds temporal formalisms to AT and that is rich enough to reveal the flaws in the presented protocol; nonetheless, this logic is sound with respect to the same semantics that was given in [AT91]. Finally, we argue that any approach of this type is inadequate by itself to demonstrate the absence of such flaws. We must supplement the formal logic with semantic analysis techniques.
A Demonstration of Resilience

The resilience that individuals who have learning disabilities can demonstrate is illuminated through a case study. Examples from a student's description of his school history illuminate resilience themes. The article culminates in a list of things teachers can do to instill resilience in their students, based on the findings from this case study.
Towards single molecule detection using photoacoustic microscopy

Recently, a number of optical imaging modalities have achieved single molecule sensitivity, including photothermal imaging, stimulated emission microscopy, ground state depletion microscopy, and transmission microscopy. These optical techniques are based on optical absorption contrast, extending single-molecule detection to non-fluorescent chromophores. Photoacoustics is a hybrid technique that utilizes optical excitation and ultrasonic detection, allowing it to scale both the optical and acoustic regimes with 100% sensitivity to optical absorption. However, the sensitivity of photoacoustics is limited by thermal noise, inherent in the medium itself in the form of acoustic black body radiation. In this paper, we investigate the molecular sensitivity of photoacoustics in the context of the thermal noise limit. We show that single molecule sensitivity is achievable theoretically at room temperature for molecules with sufficiently fast relaxation times. Hurdles to achieve single molecule sensitivity in practice include development of detection schemes that work at short working distance, <100 microns, high frequency, <100 MHz, and low loss, <10 dB.
The value of student evaluation of a web site

Abstract A collaborative project between the library and the biology department is in its fourth year. Conceived as a traditional lecture-based instruction session, it has evolved into a web-based, library skills tutorial which introduces students to topic development; a variety of types of resources to use, along with strategies for evaluating and using them effectively; guidelines for citation formats; and much more. Students are required to work through the site to gather sources for a paper. Student evaluations of the site taught its developers much about how students approach this kind of assignment and how it can be improved.
Selective luminescence detection of cadmium(II) and mercury(II) utilizing sulfur-containing anthraquinone macrocycles (part 2) and formation of an unusual Hg22+-crown ether dimer via reduction of Hg(II) by DMF

Abstract Sulfur-containing photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) sensors 1,8-anthraquinone-18-dithiacrown-5 (2) and 1,8-anthraquinone-18-trithiacrown-5 (3) selectively detect both inorganic Cd(II) and Hg(II). Simple heteroatom substitution of the receptor combined with an integrated intraannular carbonyl oxygen fine-tunes selectivity by simple synthetic design. In addition, the high yield synthesis of mercurous ion, Hg 2 2 + , has also been observed via the reduction of Hg(II) in the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), which has not been previously reported. Spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic results for Cd2+, Hg 2 2 + and Mg2+ complexes of oxygen and sulfur-containing derivatives of 1,8-anthraquinone-18-crown-5 are presented.
A Search for Strategies to Engage Women in Substance Abuse Treatment

Retention is a well-documented predictor of favorable outcome of substance abuse treatment. In order to remain in treatment, clients must initially engage in the treatment process. This issue is a particular challenge for clinicians who continually seek motivational strategies that will draw each individual into the treatment process. Few engagement strategies have been specifically tested to determine their efficacy. The results of this study indicate that outpatient clients who received engagement services during the intake period showed increased use of these services, relative to a comparison group, throughout the treatment process. In addition, tangible engagement services provided to women during the intake period for outpatient substance abuse treatment had no significant effect on the rates of admission, discharge, and service utilization.
Meconium aspiration syndrome: intrapartum and neonatal attributes.

To identify the fetus and newborn at risk for meconium aspiration syndrome the perinatal characteristics of 238 infants delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid were prospectively examined. All infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid were routinely suctioned with a DeLee apparatus before tracheal intubation and suctioning. The type and presence of meconium in the trachea, neonatal breathing before intubation, and Apgar scores were recorded in the delivery room. Intrapartum fetal monitoring data were collected for 80% (190/238) of the mothers and umbilical artery pH for 74% (177/238) of the newborns. Despite suctioning with a DeLee apparatus and endotracheal suctioning, meconium was present in the trachea in 87/238 (37%) and meconium aspiration syndrome developed in 22 (9.2%). A total of 73% of newborns who had meconium aspiration syndrome were delivered through thick meconium. Thick meconium, the presence of fetal tachycardia, and absence of intraparlum fetal cardiac accelerations identified the fetus at high risk for meconium aspiration syndrome. The presence of these monitoring findings and thick meconium should alert obstetricians to the possibility of a fetus that requires intervention. Low umbilical artery pH, Apgar scores