cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A morphological analysis of the short-term effects of benzene on the development of the hematological cells in the bone marrow of mice and the effects of interleukin-1α on the process

Chronic exposure of humans to benzene (BZ), a widely used industrial chemical and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, causes aplastic anemia and acute myeloid leukemia. The purpose of the studies reported here was to determine whether the observed depression of bone marrow (BM) cellularity in mice administered benzene was reflected in a suppression of development of all of the hematopoietic lineages and to confirm the ability of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) to prevent BZ-induced BM cell depression. We report that BZ, administered twice per day for 2 days to C57B1/6J mice at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight, caused a significant depression of the total number of nucleated BM cells per femur when measured on day 3. The observed depression reflects a complex situation that represents the net effect of a decrease in the total number of cells of the lymphocytic and erythroid lineages, along with an increase in the number of intermediate and terminally differentiated cells of the granulocytic lineage. An experiment to monitor the effects of BZ over a 7-day period showed a progressive depressive effect on the lymphocytes and an initial depression of the erythroid cells at day 3 that remained constant until day 7. Conversely, the numbers of intermediate and terminally differentiated granulocytes progressively increased over the 7 days. The BM appeared to recover from the depressive effects of BZ immediately upon cessation of exposure, as the number of nucleated BM cells began to rise by day 5 and was equal to that of the control group by day 7. The results expand our earlier finding (Renz and Kalf 1991) that the overall depression of BM cellularity occurs because of an inability of the stromal fibroblast to produce colony-stimulating factors essential for stem and progenitor cell survival. This results from inhibition by the BZ metabolite, hydroquinone (HQ), of the processing of pre-IL-1 alpha to the mature cytokine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE COHOMOLOGY OF THE KOSZUL COMPLEXES ASSOCIATED TO THE TENSOR PRODUCT OF TWO FREE MODULES

Abstract Let E and G be free modules of rank e and g, respectively, over a commutative noetherian ring R. The identity map on E* ⊗ G induces the Koszul complex and its dual Let H &#x1d4a9;(m, n, p) and H ℳ (m, n, p) be the homology of the above complexes at respectively. In this paper, we investigate the modules H &#x1d4a9;(m, n, p) and H ℳ(m, n, p) when −e ≤ m − n ≤ g. We record the fact, already implicitly calculated by Bruns and Guerrieri, that H &#x1d4a9;(m, n, p) ≅ H ℳ (m′, n′, p′), provided m + m′ = g − 1, n + n′ = e − 1, p + p′ = (e − 1)(g − 1), and 1 − e ≤ m − n ≤ g − 1. If m − n is equal to either g or −e , then we prove that the only nonzero modules of the form H &#x1d4a9;(m, n, p) and H ℳ (m, n, p) appear in one of the split exact sequences where p + p′ = (e − 1)(g − 1) − 1. The modules that we study are not always free modules. Indeed, if m = n, then the module H &#x1d4a9;(m, n, p) is equal to a homogeneous summand of the graded module (T, R), where P is a polynomial ring in eg variables over R and T is the determinantal ring define...
Advanced Waveform Decomposition for High-Speed Videoendoscopy Analysis

This article presents a novel approach to analyze nonperiodic vocal fold behavior of high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) data. Although HSV can capture true vibrational motions of the vocal folds, its clinical advantage over the videostroboscopy has not widely been accepted. One of the key advantages of the HSV over the videostroboscopy is its ability to capture vocal folds' nonperiodic behavior, which is more prominent in pathological vocal folds. However, such nonperiodicity in the HSV data has not been fully explored quantitatively beyond simple perturbation analysis. This article presents an advanced waveform modeling and decomposition technique for HSV-based waveforms. Waveforms are modeled to have three components: harmonic signal, deterministic nonharmonic signal, and random nonharmonic signal. This decomposition is motivated by the fact that voice disorders introduce signal content that is nonharmonic but carries deterministic quality such as subharmonic or modulating content. The proposed model is aimed to isolate such disordered behaviors as deterministic nonharmonic signal and quantify them. In addition to the model, the article outlines model parameter estimation procedures and a family of harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) parameters. The proposed HNR parameters include harmonics-to-deterministic-noise ratio (HDNR) and harmonics-to-random-noise ratio. A preliminary study demonstrates the effectiveness of the extended model and its HNR parameters. Vocal folds with and without benign lesions (Nwith = 13; Nwithout = 20) were studied with HSV glottal area waveforms. All three HNR parameters significantly distinguished the disordered condition, and the HDNR reported the largest effect size (Cohen's d = 2.04).
The great Kurile Earthquake of October 4, 1994 tore the slab

The fault geometry, depth, and slip distribution of the Kurile earthquake of Oct. 4, 1994 are estimated using seismic waveforms, aftershock distribution, geodetic measurements, and tsunami waveforms. Previous large earthquakes in the Kurile arc had typical underthrusting focal mechanisms due to the local subduction. Seismic wave inversions of the 1994 event indicate a thrust type mechanism with a large strike-slip component. This does not represent an underthrust event at the subduction interface. The focal depth is estimated at 50 kin, just beneath the previously estimated subduction interface. We calculate crustal deformation and tsunami waveforms from the two possible fault planes of the focal mechanism solution and find that both fault planes explain the observations. We choose the north-south striking plane, because of the occurrence of a large (M w 7.8) intermediate-depth earthquake on Dec. 6, 1978, northwest of the 1994 rupture area. The lineation of aftershock distributions of these two events suggests that both earthquakes were due to a tearing of the slab perpendicular to the trench. The joint inversion of geodetic and tsunami data shows that the largest slip, about 17 m, occurred at the upper end of the slab.
A boundary integral equation method for three‐dimensional crack problems in elasticity

This paper presents a solution procedure for three-dimensional crack problems via first kind boundary integral equations on the crack surface. The Dirichlet (Neumann) problem is reduced to a system of integral equations for the jump of the traction (of the field) across the crack surface. The calculus of pseudodifferential operators is used to derive existence and regularity of the solutions of the integral equations. With the concept of the principal symbol and the Wiener-Hopf technique we derive the explicit behavior of the densities of the integral equations near the edge of the crack surface. Based on the detailed regularity results we show how to improve the boundary element Galerkin method for our integral equations. Quasi-optimal asymptotic estimates for the Galerkin error are given.
Effect of Critical Slowing Down on Local-Density Dynamics

Through molecular dynamics simulation we demonstrate that the time scale for local solvent reorganizations, which may control solute dynamics, can become very long for low- and near-critical-density supercritical fluids. We show that this can be ascribed to two processes, the first being due to direct, interparticle potential interactions, and the second, which dominates on all but the shortest length scales, being due to a coupling between the dynamics of the local solvent environment and those of the long-length-scale density fluctuations which are present in compressible supercritical fluids. Specifically, as the critical point is approached and the correlation length of these density inhomogeneities increases, we find that the associated slowing of these extended collective fluctuations, known as “critical slowing down”, generates a concomitant slowing of the local reorganization time.
Reactivation of ulcerative colitis following closure of an ileostomy of 27 years' duration

A case of ulcerative colitis is reported in which restoration of intestinal continuity 27 yr. after an ileostomy led to flare-up of the disease. Ileostomy and colectomy were necessary to control the disease. This case seems to emphasize the opinion expressed already in 1932 that “ileostomy for ulcerative colitis should be permanent.”3
A Ca substitution study of NaV2O4: High-pressure synthesis of the Na1-xCaxV2O4 solid solution

Ambient pressure CaV{sub 2}O{sub 4} and high-pressure NaV{sub 2}O{sub 4} crystallize in the CaFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} structure type containing double chains of edge-sharing VO{sub 6} octahedra. Recent measurements on NaV{sub 2}O{sub 4} reveal low-dimensional metallicity and evidence of half-metallic ferromagnetism. In contrast, CaV{sub 2}O{sub 4} is an antiferromagnetic insulator. To explore the evolution of these ground-state behaviors, we have prepared a series of Ca-doped NaV{sub 2}O{sub 4} compounds with the formula Na{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}V{sub 2}O{sub 4} (x = 0-1) using high-pressure synthesis. Samples at the Na end (x = 0-0.07) show a broad antiferromagnetic transition in the 120-160 K range in accordance with earlier reports. Transport measurements show an insulator-metal transition at x {approx} 0.2. Samples with higher Ca concentrations (x = 0.4-0.7) exhibit a metal-insulator transition around 150 K. The results for the Na{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}V{sub 2}O{sub 4} solid solution is discussed in comparison to existing studies at the Ca- and Na-rich ends.
Comparison of the binding properties of A1 adenosine receptors in brain membranes of two congeneric marine fishes living at different depths

The binding properties of A1 adenosine receptors in brain membranes were compared in two congeneric marine teleost fishes which differ in their depths of distribution. Adenosine receptors were labeled using the A1 selective radioligand [3H]cyclohexyladenosine ([3H]CHA). The A1 receptor agonist [3H]CHA bound saturably, reversibly and with high affinity to brain membranes prepared fromSebastolobus altivelis andS. alascanus; however, the meanKd values differed significantly (Figs. 1–3, Table 1). Saturation data fit to a one site model indicated that the A1 receptor inS. alascanus exhibited a higher affinity (Kd=1.49 nM) for [3H]CHA whereas A1 receptors inS. altivelis exhibited a significantly lower affinity (Kd=3.1 nM). Moreover,S. altivelis, but notS. alascanus, parameter estimates for [3H]CHA binding to two sites of receptor were obtained (Fig. 3, Table 1). The mean dissociation constant values for the high and low affinity sites for [3H]CHA inS. altivelis were 0.43 nM and 16.3 nM, respectively. In equilibrium competition experiments the adenosine analogs R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) and S-phenylisopropyladenosine (S-PIA) all displayed higher affinities for A1 receptors inS. alascanus as compared toS. altivelis brain membranes (Table 2, Fig. 6). The specific binding of [3H]CHA was significantly increased by 0.1 and 1.0 mM MgCl2 in both fishes; however, the sensitivity (95–131% increase) ofS. altivelis to this effect was significantly greater than that ofS. alascanus (48–91% increase) (Fig. 5). The results of kinetic, equilibrium saturation and equilibrium competition experiments all suggest that A1 adenosine receptors ofS. altivelis andS. alascanus brain membranes differ with respect to their affinities for selected adenosine agonists.
Comparison of linear and nonlinear models for human population dynamics

Abstract In standard demographic practice, population projections are commonly based on one-sex linear models of the Lotka-Leslie type. We demonstrate here that such projections based solely on time-invariant, age-specific male fertilities and mortalities are incompatible with those based solely on female fertilities and mortalities. This incompatibility obtains even in the singular case where effective male and female fertility functions are equal, and generate equal ultimate rates of growth. In standard demographic practice, the incompatibility is initially masked, since one-sex fertility functions are generally calculated from the same initial-time data and thereby tautologically forced to initially concur; however, with the passage of any finite time, the incompatibility reasserts itself—the only exception being the uninteresting case where the system is already in the stationary age and sex distribution of balanced exponential growth. An example is adduced of a nonlinear (age-free) system whose true rate of ultimate growth is correctly bracketed by the male and female one-sex rates of ultimate growth. Analysis of more general two-sex models shows that the two one-sex growth rates, calculated for arbitrary male and female initial age distributions, need not bracket the true rate. We show, however, that models exist such that with appropriate choices of initial conditions, this bracketing will occur.
Total Bladder Replacement in the Male and Female Using the lleocolonic Segment (LeBag)

A group of 11 patients, 2 female and 9 male, underwent total bladder replacement using the ileocolonic segment (LeBag technique) with anastomosis of the bowel to the urethra. The diagnosis was invasive bladder cancer in 10 patients and severe intractable interstitial cystitis in 1. The surgical technique in the male patients was modified to simplify the procedure. The 2 female patients underwent insertion of an artificial sphincter around the bowel segment for a continence mechanism. One patient died 6 weeks post-operatively from a severe coagulopathy. Five of the 9 male patients are continent day and night, relying on their own residual sphincter mechanism, but the remaining 4 required insertion of the artificial urinary sphincter to achieve social continence. The surviving female patient is totally continent. All patients have voiding intervals of 4 to 6 h during the day and are thus continent both day and night, but in some cases the artificial sphincter was necessary to achieve this. Loss of the normal bladder-sphincter reflexes following cystectomy may account for the high incidence of nocturnal incontinence observed in most series. Total bladder replacement is now possible in both male and female patients, thus avoiding an abdominal stoma.
Optimal control of bio-attack induced infectious disease dynamics: The case of anthrax

This paper begins the analysis of optimal control of emergency response logistics under a bioterror attack in the case of anthrax, which is a hybrid system consisting of a continuous-time dynamics and a resetting dynamics. The necessary conditions for time-optimal hybrid control are given, based on the calculus of variations and dynamic programming. A gradient algorithm is implemented and used to test the queueing network model as well as the algorithm's own reliability. Experimental simulation results are presented and discussed.
Effect of aminopterin on choline, betaine aldehyde, and betaine metabolism.

Summary1. The effects of dietary amino-pterin upon the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of choline, betaine aldehyde, and betaine have been investigated. 2. Oxidation of choline and betaine aldehyde, anaerobic conversion of betaine aldehyde to betaine, and both aerobic and anaerobic transmethylation to homocysteine are decreased significantly by dietary aminopterin.
DETERMINATION OF GUSTATORY SUCROSE THRESHOLD IN WATER BY USE OF A LINEAR SUCROSE GRADIENT

. A novel experimental method was developed which allows the determination of the threshold concentration of sucrose by use of a linear sucrose gradient in water. With this method a continuous tasting of the test-liquid is possible. A panel of 15 persons experienced in taste-testing was used. Three gradients of different steepness were applied: 0 to 1.5% (w/w) sucrose in 2 min (I), 3 min (II) and 4 min (III). The results of the new method were compared with those of the standard method (DIN). With gradients I and II we found values which were significantly higher than those of the standard method (I: 0.49% (w/w); II: 0.46% (w/w); DIN: 0.31% (w/w)), whereas with gradient III the same threshold value was found as with the DIN-Method (III: 0.32% (w/w)).
The carboxyl-terminal domain of phosphophoryn contains unique extended triplet amino acid repeat sequences forming ordered carboxyl-phosphate interaction ridges that may be essential in the biomineralization process

Phosphophoryns (PPs), a family of Asp and Ser(P)-rich dentin proteins, are considered to be archetypal regulators of several aspects of extracellular matrix (ECM) biomineralization. We have cloned a rat incisor PP gene, Dmp2, from our odontoblast cDNA library and localized it to mouse chromosome 5q21 within 2 centimorgans of Dmp1, another tooth-specific ECM protein. The carboxyl-terminal region of Dmp2 protein (60 residue % Ser, 31 residue % Asp) is divided into two domains, one with unique repetitive blocks of [DSS]n,3</=14, the other with [SD]m = 2,3. Conformational analysis shows the phosphorylated form of the [DS*S*]n repeats to have a unique structure with well defined ridges of phosphates and carboxyls available for counter ion binding. The [S*D]m domains have different phosphate and carboxylate interaction edges and thus different calcium ion and apatite surface binding properties. These two domains and the colocalization of Dmp1 and Dmp2 genes at a position equivalent to the dentinogenesis imperfecta type II location on human 4q21 all suggest that the PPs are indeed involved in some aspect of ECM mineralization.
Inclusive positive-pion production in antiproton--neutron interactions at 3.5 GeV/c

The inclusive reactions pn yields pi /sup +/X, 2 pi /sup +/X have been studied at GeV/c in a bubble-chamber experiment. In the absence of high- energy data, no test of scaling was performed; however, the longitudinal- and transverse-momentum distributions are qualitatively similar to other exotic'' reactions at medium-high energies (12-24 GeV). To facilitate compilations the data have been parametrized empirically in terms of x and p/sub T/. The two- particle longitudinal-momentum distributions also show familiar behavior, and a strong positive correlation appears at x/sub c/ approx equal x/s ub d/ approx equal O. The pi /sup +/ energy distribution agrees remarkably well with simple thermodynamic functions, but our statistics do not allow us to distinguish between Boltzmann and Bose-Einstein forms. (auth)
PACS modeling and development: requirements versus reality

Institutions involved in the research and development of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) have formulated numerous models that can be used to design the optimal PACS. The models can be classified into one of three categories: engineering, operational, or cost-effectiveness. This paper concentrates on one result of the engineering models: the need for a large network bandwidth in a clinical PACS. The authors discuss a software solution that they have implemented which can cost-effectively achieve the required bandwidths for the majority of the transactions. The software operates on commercially available hardware. The scenarios under which the implementation may fail are also presented.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Development of an Oil Gallery Cooling Model for Internal Combustion Engines Considering the Cocktail Shaker Effect

An internal combustion engine oil gallery cooling model was developed, which can predict average heat transfer coefficients by considering the cocktail shaker effect due to the reciprocal motion of the engine piston. The model prediction showed good agreement with available experimental data. Using the gallery cooling model and a computational fluid dynamics code which was developed to predict the combustion process, the influence of various oil cooling methods was studied numerically. Comparing the peak temperature of air cooling and oil jet-with-gallery cooling cases, the difference of the piston surface temperature was predicted to be as much as 300 K.
Control of Superficial Scald on ‘?Anjou’ Pears by Ethoxyquin: Effect of Ethoxyquin Concentration, Time and Method of Application, and a Combined Effect with Controlled Atmosphere Storage

‘d'Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis, L.) without ethoxyquin developed superficial scald upon ripening after 3 months of storage. Ethoxyquin at 1,000 ppm controlled scald for 4 months and did not cause phy-totoxicity to the fruit. Ethoxyquin at 2,700 ppm controlled scald for 5 months but caused phytotoxicity to the fruit. Fruit drenched with 1,000 ppm ethoxyquin within 2 days after harvest plus an additional line spray of 1,700 ppm ethoxyquin after 1 to 3 months of storage developed minimal scald incidence and did not suffer phytotoxicity after 5 months. Pre-storage drench of ethoxyquin at 500 ppm to ‘d'Anjou’ fruit was sufficient to control the scald disorder for up to 7 months in a controlled atmosphere (2% O2+ 1% CO2) storage.
The role of the reticular activating system in the regulation of ACTH secretion.

Abstract Experiments were designed to study the role of the reticular activating system in the extrahypothalamic mechanisms regulating ACTH secretion. The reticular formation of the rostral pons and caudal midbrain was briefly stimulated in encephale isolecats with vagosympathetic trunks divided bilaterally. The ACTH response was assessed in terms of cortisol secretion in 5-min serial samples of adrenal venous blood. Reticular activation at sites which gave sustained cortical arousal, pupillary dilatation and a homorally mediated pressor response resulted in facilitation or inhibition of ACTH release commencing within 5 min after a 30-sec stimulation, reaching a maximum or minimum at 15 min and lasting 30–40 min. The direction of the ACTH response was dependent upon prestimulation levels of cortisol secretion. When these were low, facilitatory responses occurred, when high, inhibition or no change was observed. Large pressor increments (30–50 mm Hg) appeared to have converted some non-responsive stimulations to inhibitory responses. A focus of facilitatory responses was found in the region corresponding to the central tegmental tract of the rostral pontine tegmentum. The magnitude of the ACTH response was found to be directly correlated with the duration of activity in the polysynaptic reticular circuits of this region. The results indicate that reticular activation directly affects hypothalamo-hypophyseal activity, but the response may be influenced by other variables, such as the existing level of pituitary-adrenal and blood pressure.
Androgen regulates trkB immunolabeling in spinal motoneurons

Neurotrophic factors and steroid hormones have been shown to have neuroprotective/neurotherapeutic effects, and it has been shown previously that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and testosterone have a combinatorial effect in the maintenance of motoneurons. Given that gonadal hormones regulate the BDNF receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase B (trkB), we hypothesized that such a regulatory effect could mediate the interactive effects of BDNF and testosterone. Using immunohistochemical methods, we examined the frequency of cells immunolabeled for trkB receptors in two populations of spinal motoneurons, the hormone-sensitive, sexually dimorphic motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and the nondimorphic motoneurons innervating the muscles of the quadriceps. In both the highly androgen-sensitive SNB motoneurons and the more typical somatic motoneurons innervating the quadriceps, the frequency of motoneurons intensely immunolabeled for trkB receptors was regulated by the presence of testosterone. Castrated animals deprived of testosterone showed a reduced frequency of intensely labeled motoneurons compared with intact animals or castrated animals given testosterone replacement. This finding suggests that the combinatorial effect of BDNF and testosterone in the maintenance of motoneurons could occur at least in part through an androgen-mediated expression of the BDNF receptor.
Bulimia and irrational beliefs.

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that depressed mood and rigid perfectionistic beliefs are common among bulimics. It also examined the relations between bulimia and degree of overweight. Female college students completed the Bulimia Test (BULIT), the Rational Beliefs Inventory (RBI), the Cognitive Bias Questionnaire (CBQ), which yields measures of depressive-distortions (DD) and depressive-nondistortions (DND) in cognition, and questions concerning their height and weight. The BULIT was significantly correlated with the RBI ( P = 0.002), the DND measure of the CBQ ( P = 0.008) and degree of overweight ( P
Possible outburst floods from debris‐covered glaciers in the sierra nevada, california

A sequence of aerial photographs of Mendel Glacier, a debris-covered glacier in the central Sierra Nevada, California, suggests that at least one outburst flood originated from a subglacial reservoir beneath a prominent mid-glacier surface depression. By 1962, a ring of crevasses 250 m in diameter was centered within the depression, implying recent ice collapse. In 1972, the crevasses had almost disappeared, and by 1987, a lake of similar area had replaced the crevasse ring. No lake was present in 1995/6. Theoretical examination of ice overburden and hydrostatic pressure at the glacier bed indicate that a subglacial water reservoir may have formed beneath the surface depression prior to 1962. According to theory, as water accumulates within the reservoir, the hydrostatic pressure increases until it is equal to the ice overburden pressure down-glacier from the reservoir, at which point an outburst flood initiates. Cesium-137 measurements from the Mendel Glacier outwash plain indicate the post-bomb-testing deposition of approximately 20 cm of sand, lending support to the flood hypothesis. The supraglacial lake is ephemeral, and likely reflects relatively high inflow rates or low outflow rates. This sequence of events is possible because the debris cover reduces local ablation rates, forming a depression up-glacier of the debriscover, which in turn forces water to flow into a subglacial reservoir. As long as the debris content is relatively low (<13% by weight), the reservoir water will eventually float the glacier and initiate an outburst flood. Debris-covered glaciers should be recognized as potential sources of outburst floods in alpine regions.
Variation in experts' beliefs about lung cancer growth, progression, and prognosis.

Introduction Little is known about the natural history of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Experts' beliefs may help fill these knowledge gaps and explain variation in clinical practices. Methods Using a modified Delphi process, we surveyed a group of lung cancer experts about tumor growth, disease progression, and prognosis in patients with malignant SPN. After completing the first survey, experts were given the opportunity during a second survey to revise their responses in light of their peers' beliefs. Results The response rate was 100% (14 of 14) for both surveys. There was consensus that disease progression depends on the tumor growth rate, that survival for patients with untreated lung cancer is approximated by a declining exponential function, and that treatment is delayed by approximately 1 tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) in patients who undergo a period of "watchful waiting." Just over half of experts (8 of 14) agreed that lung cancer progresses in three steps (from local to regional to distant disease), whereas 43% (6 of 14) preferred a 2-step model (from local to systemic disease). Likewise, 64% of experts (9 of 14) believed that malignant nodules grow exponentially, whereas 36% (5 of 14) believed that growth is slower than exponential. Experts' estimates of the risk of disease progression during a period of observation lasting 1 TVDT varied from 1 to 50%. Estimates of 5-year survival for patients in whom diagnosis and treatment were delayed by 1 TVDT varied between 40% and 80%. Conclusions There is substantial variability in experts' beliefs about the natural history of untreated, malignant SPN. Different beliefs may be partly responsible for variation in management practices.
DNA trapping electrophoresis

ATTEMPTS to improve the size separation of single-stranded DNA in polyacrylamide gels by field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) have met with limited success1. Here we show that attaching a neutral globular protein, streptavidin, to one end of a single-stranded DNA molecule profoundly alters the DNA mobility pattern and increases the band separation manyfold within a size range controlled by voltage and pulse cycle. In constant field, short modified fragments are only slightly retarded but long molecules are retarded dramatically above a 'threshold size' of 0.6 kilobases at 60 V per cm. At this voltage, molecules above a 1.2-kilobase 'cut-off' do not enter the gel. Both the threshold and the cut-off sizes decrease as the voltage increases. In FIGE, the longer the reverse pulse, the larger the modified fragments that enter the gel. We interpret these results as the trapping by the gel matrix of the protein attached to the DNA. The probability of release then depends on the balance between the electric field and thermal motion: the larger the DNA and the higher the voltage, the harder it is to release.
Size effects on the magnetic properties of FeCoB powders

Abstract The effect of particle size has been studied on the magnetic properties of FeCoB fine particles prepared by chemical reduction. The initially reduced powders were amorphous with a particle size in the range of 15–55 nm and had an approximate composition Fe 42 Co 34 B 24 . XPS composition analysis indicated the presence of Fe-oxides on the surface of the particles. The temperature coefficient of coercivity varied with particle size from positive to negative. This anomalous behavior in coercivity may due to the large surface and interface anisotropy contributions to coercivity.
SPRINTER, WORDSMITH, MENTOR, AND SAGE: The life of Gordon Randolph Willey, 1913–2002

On April 27, 2002, while walking in the garden of his home in Cambridge, one of the premier American archaeologists of the twentieth century was taken from us suddenly, by massive heart failure, at the age of 89. Gordon R. Willey was appointed the first Charles P. Bowditch Professor of Central American and Mexican Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University in 1950 at the tender age of 37, without ever having set foot in Mesoamerica. In later years Willey happily introduced himself to people as a “Maya archaeologist,” but his importance transcends his long and distinguished career in that area.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Combined Power and Cooling Cycle for Low-Grade and Midgrade Heat Sources

Optimization of thermodynamic cycles is important for the efficient utilization of energy sources; indeed it is more crucial for the cycles utilizing low grade heat sources where the cycle efficiencies are smaller compared to high temperature power cycles. This paper presents the optimization of a combined power/cooling cycle, also known as the Goswami Cycle, which combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles. The cycle uses a special binary fluid mixture as the working fluid and produces power and refrigeration. In this regard, multiobjective genetic algorithms (GA) are used for Pareto approach optimization of the thermodynamic cycle. The optimization study includes two cases. In the first case the performance of the cycle is evaluated as it is used as a bottoming cycle, and in the second case as it is used as a top cycle utilizing solar energy or geothermal sources. The important thermodynamic objectives that have been considered in this work are, namely, work output, cooling capacity, effective first law and exergy efficiencies. Optimization is carried out by varying the selected
Clinical Equipoise and the Incoherence of Research Ethics

The doctrine of clinical equipoise is appealing because it appears to permit physicians to maintain their therapeutic obligation to offer optimal medical care to patients while conducting randomize...
Finding code on the World Wide Web: a preliminary investigation

To find out what kind of design structures programmers really use, we need to examine a wide variety of programs. Unfortunately, most program source code is proprietary and is unavailable for analysis. The World Wide Web (Web) potentially can provide a rich source of programs for study. The freely available code on the Web, if in sufficient quality and quantity, can provide a window into software design as it is practiced today. In a preliminary study of source code availability on the Web, we estimate that 4% of URLs contain object-oriented source code, and 9% of URLs contain executable code: either binary or class files. This represents an enormous resource for program analysis. We can, with some risk of inaccuracy, conservatively project our sampling results to the entire Web. Our estimate is that the Web contains at least 3.4 million files containing either Java, C++, or Perl source code, 20.3 million files containing C source code, and 8.7 million files containing executable code.
Fluorescence Decay Measurements via High Repetition Rate Gated Photon Counting

Current methods for time-resolved measurements with photon counting detection are not able to take advantage adequately of the high repetition rates available from most pulsed ion laser sources. A technique is described which allows high repetition rate gating of fluorescence decays with photon counting detection. Fluorescence decay measurements of acridine orange (τ = 4.4 ns), rubrene (τ = 16.5 ns) and tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride (τ = 760 ns) are obtained at repetition rates as high as 2.7 MHz. The utility of this technique for analog measurements is also demonstrated.
Fruit ripening in Vitis vinifera: apoplastic solute accumulation accounts for pre-veraison turgor loss in berries

In Vitis vinifera L. berries, the onset of ripening (known as “veraison”) involves loss of turgor (P) in the mesocarp cells. We hypothesized that P loss was associated with an accumulation of apoplastic solutes in mesocarp tissue prior to veraison. Apoplastic sap was extracted from the mesocarp by centrifugation at the appropriate gravity to measure the apoplast solute potential (ΨsA) and assay the sap composition. The ΨsA was about −0.2 MPa early in development, decreased about 1.0 MPa by veraison, and continued to decrease during ripening to almost −4.0 MPa by the end of berry development. Potassium, malate, tartrate, proline, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were quantified in apoplastic sap. The calculated contribution of these solutes was about 50% of the total ΨsA preveraison, but increased to about 75% as fructose and glucose accumulated during ripening. The contribution of the estimated matric potential to apoplast water potential decreased during development and was only 1.5% postveraison. We conclude that high concentrations of solutes accumulated in the mesocarp apoplast prior to veraison, and that P loss was a direct result of decreased ΨsA. Because ΨsA decreased before veraison, our findings suggest that apoplast solutes play an important role in the events of cellular metabolism that lead to the onset of ripening.
Effects of Ammonia on the Absorption and Accumulation of Glucose, 45Ca and 32P from the Ligated Intestinal Loop of the Chick

The intent of this study was to determine if release of ammonia in the intestines with the subsequent complex formation with magnesium and phosphorus could interfere with the absorption of substances transported into the body by energy-requiring processes. The absorption of glucose, 45Ca2+and 32PO43~ from the ligated duodenal loop of the chick was significantly lower in the presence of NH4C1than for animals not given the NH4C1in the test dose. The accumulation of "Ca and 32Pin the tibia was also significantly lower as the result of NH4C1administration. Urea, equimolar to the NH4C1,showed no effect on intestinal absorption or bone accumulation, indicating little or no hydrolysis of urea in the chick duodenum in the 20-minute test period. Glycine increased glucose absorption, while lysine decreased 32P absorption without affecting the 32Puptake by the tibia. It was postulated that ammonia immobilized inorganic phosphate through complex formation and thus reduced 32P absorption. The depletion of the inorganic phosphorus could lead to insufficient available high energy phosphate for energy-requiring transport processes for glucose and cal cium. J. Nutr. 102: 1513-1518, 1972.
Part family formation based on a new similarity coefficient which considers alternative routes during machine failure

A number of research papers have used different types of similarity and dissimilarity coefficients for determining part families. In cellular manufacturing systems, most machines are capable of performing more than one operation, which makes parts rerouting feasible. When a part is rerouted, it affects the cell performance. Most of the suggested approaches in the literature develop a new similarity coefficient based on mathematical analysis, however, these methods tend to disregard alternative routes during machine failure. The main objective of this paper is to identify part families based on a new similarity coefficient which considers the number of alternative routes available during machine failure. Based on the new similarity coefficient, the part families were identified by using a p-median model.
A Computational Model for the Study of Gas Turbine Combustor Dynamics

A dynamic combustor model is developed for inclusion into a one-dimensional full gas turbine engine simulation code. A flux-difference splitting algorithm is used to numerically integrate the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations, supplemented with species mass conservation equations. The combustion model involves a single-step, global finite-rate chemistry scheme with a temperature-dependent activation energy. Source terms are used to account for mass bleed and mass injection, with additional capabilities to handle momentum and energy sources and sinks. Numerical results for cold and reacting flow for a can-type gas turbine combustor are presented. Comparisons with experimental data from this combustor are also made.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
AN ILLUSTRATION OF GENERATING ROBOTS FROM OPTIMAL FAULT-TOLERANT JACOBIANS

The local kinematic properties of a robotic manipulator’s configuration can be described by its corresponding Jacobian matrix. Conversely, one can determine a manipulator that possesses certain desirable kinematic properties by specifying the required Jacobian. In this work, design criteria that require a manipulator to function in a configuration that is optimal under normal operation and after an arbitrary single joint fails and is locked in position is first described. Specifically, the desired Jacobian matrix must be isotropic, i.e., possess all equal singular values prior to a failure, and have equal minimum singular values for every possible single column being removed. Then a simple planar three degree-of-freedom example is used to illustrate how one can identify all of the possible manipulator designs that possess the desired local properties described by the required structure of the Jacobian matrix. This paper concludes by showing that despite having identical local properties, the resulting manipulator designs have significantly different global kinematic properties that can be used to match a design to additional application-specific performance criteria.
Politics as a Peculiar Business: Parasitical Political Calculation

This is a preliminary draft of the sixth of what will be eight chapters in a book titled Politics as a Peculiar Business: Public Choice in a System of Entangled Political Economy. This chapter explains that the generally orderly quality of politically sponsored activities within a society necessarily bears a parasitical relationship to market activity. Within societies of even modest complexity, reasonable orderliness requires alienable ownership and the resulting generation of market prices which renders economic calculation possible. Politically sponsored enterprises likewise require market prices even if their operating logic requires them to modify and degrade some of those prices. The quality of the resulting parasitical interaction among differently constituted entities is the prime topic explored here.
Amy’s Story: An Existential-Integrative Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy Approach to Anorexia Nervosa:

This article offers an existential-integrative framework to working with anorexia nervosa within an equine-facilitated psychotherapy setting. The discussion provides an overview of how existential-...
Induction of apoptosis in human eosinophils by anti-Fas antibody treatment in vitro

Fas antigen (CD95) can induce apoptosis of cells such as lymphocytes and neutrophils. To determine whether Fas antigen is involved in eosinophil apoptosis, we examined its expression and function on eosinophils in vitro. Purified human eosinophils expressed low but consistently detectable levels of Fas antigen. Culture of eosinophils in up to 10 ng/mL interleukin-5 (IL-5) prolonged eosinophil survival; incorporation of 1 to 1,000 ng/mL Fas antibody led to significant reductions in IL-5-induced eosinophil viability after 48 to 72 hours of culture. Reductions in survival could not be overcome by IL-5 and also occurred in the absence of exogenous IL-5. Preactivation of eosinophils with platelet-activating factor (PAF) significantly reduced eosinophil viability without altering the survival-reducing effects of Fas antibody treatment. In contrast, RANTES did not affect eosinophil viability or Fas antibody-induced reductions in eosinophil survival. After treatment with Fas antibody, electron microscopy of eosinophils and gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from eosinophils demonstrated changes consistent with apoptosis. These data demonstrate that Fas antigen can modify eosinophil survival by inducing apoptosis through a pathway that is, at least in part, independent of the survival-promoting effects of IL-5.
Close To You? How Parent–Adult Child Contact Is Influenced by Family Patterns

Objectives. Intergenerational contacts occur in the context of other family relationships. We examine how in-person contacts among parents and all adult children affect each other, focusing on proximity and other predictors to assess whether and how visiting is correlated across adult children. Methods. W e use a modeling approach derived from an adaptation of multilevel models to provide a convenient mechanism by which to write child-specific equations, each with its own set of predictors, and wherein one child’s attribute values can be attached to other children’s records. Results. W e find that parent–adult child visiting is positively correlated across siblings, but the frequency of visiting within families is not directly reciprocated. Rather, visiting responds to common family factors. Visiting declines with distance, but there are strong discontinuities in the effect. Distance between parents and a focal child is positively associated with visiting with other children. Discussion. The empirical pat terns we report can be framed within enhancement and compensation models. Positive correlations and cross-sibling interactions that juxtapose levels of visiting against not seeing a child in last 12 months are consistent with the enhancement model. The cross-sibling interaction for distance, whereby one child’s farther distance leads to more visits reported with others, provides evidence of a countervailing, though, weaker, pattern of compensation for proximity.
Upconversion Due to Optical-Phonon-Assisted Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence in Bulk GaN

We demonstrate that under optimized experimental conditions phonon-assisted anti-Stokes photoluminescence becomes the dominant light emission process in a free-standing GaN sample excited well below the bandgap. Potentially this up-conversion process can be used for efficient removal of phonons generated in the wide range of GaN-based electronic and optoelectronic devices and perhaps laser cooling based on nitride structures.
The persistence of presence: emblem and ritual in Baroque Spain

The persistence of presence: emblem and ritual in Baroque Spain, by Bradley Nelson, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2010, 288 pp., ISBN 978-0-8020-9977-8 Much has been written about the relat...
Inhibitors of 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase: Screening of a Collection of Pharmacologically Active Compounds in Neuro2a Cells.

A small library of pharmacologically active compounds (the NIH Clinical Collection) was assayed in Neuro2a cells to determine their effect on the last step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol promoted by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, DHCR7. Of some 727 compounds in the NIH Clinical Collection, over 30 compounds significantly increased 7-DHC in Neuro2a cells when assayed at 1 μM. Active compounds that increased 7-DHC with a Z-score of +3 or greater generally gave rise to modest decreases in desmosterol and increases in lanosterol levels. Among the most active compounds identified in the library were the antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic compounds that included perospirone, nefazodone, haloperidol, aripiprazole, trazodone, and buspirone. Fluoxetine and risperidone were also active at 1 μM, and another 10 compounds in this class of pharmaceuticals were identified in the screen at concentrations of 10 μM. Increased levels of 7-DHC...
Roll-to-roll printing of flexible thin-film organic thermoelectric devices

Abstract This paper presents a continuous process for printing flexible thin-film thermoelectric devices via a roll-to-roll (R2R) system. Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) was used as inks for printing p -type strips and connection strips. Nitrogen-doped graphene was dispersed into solvents to serve as n -type inks for printing n -type strips. The substrate and roller surfaces were treated for desired ink-wettability. With tunable rotation pressure and speed, the inks were transferred and printed to the flexible plastic films for horizontal thermoelectric devices. At a temperature gradient of 10 °C, the thin-film thermoelectric devices could generate an electric power of ∼0.24 mW/m 2 and the maximum voltage reached 3 mV, indicating great potentials for practical applications.
Effects of L-carnitine fed during lactation on sow and litter performance.

Sows of differing parities and genetics were used at different locations to determine the effects of feeding added L-carnitine during lactation on sow and litter performance. In Exp. 1, sows (n = 50 PIC C15) were fed a lactation diet (1.0% total lysine, .9% Ca, and .8% P) with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine from d 108 of gestation until weaning (d 21). No differences in litter weaning weight, survivability, sow ADFI, or sow weight and last rib fat depth change were observed. Number of pigs born alive in the subsequent farrowing were not different (P>.10). In Exp. 2, parity-three and -four sows (n = 115 Large White cross) were used to determine the effect of feeding 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation (diet containing .9% total lysine, 1.0% Ca, and .8% P) on sow and litter performance. No improvements in the number of pigs or litter weights at weaning were observed (P>.10). Sows fed added L-carnitine had increased weight loss (linear; P .10) were observed in last rib fat depth change or subsequent reproductive performance. In Exp. 3, first-parity sows (n = 107 PIC C15) were fed a diet with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation (diet containing 1.0% total lysine). Sows fed added L-carnitine tended (P<.10) to have fewer stillborn and mummified pigs than controls (.42 vs .81 pigs). No differences were observed for litter weaning weight, survivability, or subsequent farrowing performance. Feeding 50 to 200 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation had little effect on sow and litter performance.