cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Position Paper Computational Cardiology

Computational cardiology is the scientific field devoted to the development of methodologies that enhance our mechanistic understanding, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this regard, the field embraces the extraordinary pace of discovery in imaging, computational modeling, and cardiovascular informatics at the intersection of atherogenesis and vascular biology. This paper highlights existing methods, practices, and computational models and proposes new strategies to support a multidisciplinary effort in this space. We focus on the means by that to leverage and coalesce these multiple disciplines to advance translational science and computational cardiology. Analyzing the scientific trends and understanding the current needs we present our perspective for the future of cardiovascular treatment.
Bilateral vertebral artery occlusion after cervical spine fracture dislocation.

Vertebral artery injury is known to potentially occur in conjunction with blunt cervical spine trauma. Rarely, these injuries present bilaterally as complete occlusions. Twelve cases of bilateral vertebral artery occlusions after closed cervical spine trauma have been reported in the literature, nearly all of which demonstrated signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and ischemia. Our patient presented after a trauatic C5-6 flexion-distraction injury resulting in bilateral locked facets and spinal cord injury as well as bilateral vertebral artery occlusions at the V1 segment, but did not show any cranial symptomatology despite his neurovascular injury. We present this as a rare illustration of a bilateral vertebral artery occlusion after blunt cervical spine trauma without clinical vertebrobasilar ischemic sequelae.
Differential control of task and null space variability in response to changes in task difficulty when learning a bimanual steering task.

The presence of motor redundancy means that movement variability can be split into a ‘task-space’ component that affects task performance, and a ‘null space’ component which has no effect on task performance. While the control of task-space variability during learning is essential, because it is directly linked to performance, how the nervous system controls null space variability during learning has not been well understood. One factor that has been hypothesized to govern the change in null space variability with learning is task difficulty, but this has not been directly tested. Here, we examined how task difficulty influences the change in null space variability with learning. Healthy, college-aged participants (N = 36) performed a bimanual steering task, where they steered a cursor through a smooth W-shaped track of a certain width as quickly as possible while attempting to keep the cursor within the track. Task difficulty was altered by changing the track width and participants were split into one of the three groups based on the track width that they practiced on—wide, narrow, or progressive (where the width of the track progressively changed from wide to narrow over practice). The redundancy in this task arose from the fact that the position of the cursor was defined as the average position of the two hands. Results showed that movement time depended on task difficulty, but all groups were able to decrease their movement time with practice. Learning was associated with a reduction in null space variability in all groups, but critically, there was no effect of task difficulty. Further analyses showed that while the task-space variability showed an expected speed–accuracy tradeoff with movement time, the null space variability showed a qualitatively different pattern. These results suggest differential control of task and null space variability in response to changes in task difficulty with learning, and may reflect a strong preference to minimize overall movement variability during learning.
Career Guided Imagery: A Narrative Approach for Emerging Adults

The purpose of this article is to explore the use of guided imagery in career counseling with emerging adults. Career guided imagery with a narrative approach, helps emerging adults explore questio...
Developing a DEVS-JAVA Model to Simulate and Pre-test Changes to Emergency Care Delivery in a Safe and Efficient Manner

Patients’ overcrowding in Emergency Department (ED) is a major problem in medical care worldwide, predominantly due to time and resource constraints. Simulation modeling is an economical approach to solve complex healthcare problems. We employed Discrete Event System Specification-JAVA (DEVS-JAVA) based model to simulate and test changes in emergency service conditions with an overall goal to improve ED patient flow. Initially, we developed a system based on ED data from South Carolina hospitals. Later, we ran simulations on four different case scenarios. 1. Optimum number (no.) of doctors and patients needed to reduce average (avg) time of assignment (avg discharge time = 33 min). 2. Optimum no. of patients to reduce avg discharge time (avg wait time = 150 min). 3. Optimum no. of patients to reduce avg directing time to critical care (avg wait time = 58 min). 4. Optimum no. of patients to reduce avg directing time to another hospital (avg wait time = 93 min). Upon execution of above 4 simulations, 4 patients got discharged utilizing 3 doctors; 5 patients could be discharged from ED to home; 2 patients could be transferred from ED to critical care; 3 patients could be transferred from ED to another hospital. Our results suggest that the generated DEVS-JAVA simulation method seems extremely effective to solve time-dependent healthcare problems.
The Delphian Society and Its Publications: A Historical and Cultural Analysis of a Primer for Middle-Class Women’s Education

This article examines the publications of the Delphian Society and describes the 1910 historical backdrop in which the society was founded. It analyzes the importance of the adult-education and self-culture movements and places the Delphian publications within the progressive milieu and the development of women’s clubs. These publications were unique in the era, as no other texts, institutions, or organizations were devoted to women’s education at the highest level or fostered deliberative social interaction and civic advancement. The study identifies an understudied organization and considers how its publications provided education to adult women at a moment in history when their roles in American social and civil life changed dramatically. The textual examination shows the construction of an imagined community and the function of the society as a cultural intermediary. Ties are made to foundational citizenship narratives, including Republican Motherhood and the “ideal” citizen, both of which embodied the notion that educating women would aid in maintaining a stronger republic.
Semiconducting [(Bi4Te4Br2) (Al2Cl6-xBrx)]Cl2 and [Bi2Se2Br](AlCl4): Cationic Chalcogenide Frameworks from Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids.

The new semiconducting halide-chalcogenide [(Bi4Te4Br2) (Al2Cl5.46Br0.54)]Cl2 (I) is synthesized by reacting Bi, Te, and excess AlCl3 in [emim]Br (closed glass vial, 165 °C, 5 d; 74% yield).
Student's Perception of the Impact of E-learning on Dental Education.

Aim The aim of this study is to assess the influence of e-learning on dental education as perceived by predoctoral dental students. Materials and methods In an institutional review board (IRB) approved protocol, a 14-question survey was created and electronically distributed to second-, third-, and fourth-year dental students. The participation was considered voluntary and all responses were anonymous. Results The survey targeted 1,130 predoctoral students, of which 255 (22.6%) responded. Of the respondents, 124 students (48.6%) preferred traditional lecture mixed with online learning, while 46 students (18%) preferred only the traditional lecture style. The top three electronic resources/applications, which students perceived as having the greatest impact on their learning, were: YouTube, Bone Box, and Google. The responses also indicated that 76.5% of the students gave high credibility (scores of 4 and 5) to electronic resources recommended by faculties. Sixty percent of students spent 1 to more than 4 hours per day on electronic resources for academic performance. The most important factor for online applications influencing academic performance was "organization and logic of content" (54%). E-learning had a significant perceived effect (scores of 4/5) on didactic understanding (65.1%) and on clinical understanding (71.4%). Students observed that faculties estimated to be under 50 years of age were more likely to incorporate e-learning into courses (52.6%) and more likely to use social media for communication (41.6%). Conclusion The results indicate that e-learning may successfully be used in a dental school's curriculum to enhance students' perceptions of fundamental concepts and to enable students to apply this knowledge to clinical cases. Clinical significance E-learning has recently been proposed as a basic supplementary tool to enhance medical and dental education. It is crucial to determine dental students' preferences regarding social media, online applications, and databases in order to incorporate e-learning into dental school courses.
Time-Optimal Magnetic Attitude Detumbling

The problem of minimum-time spacecraft attitude detumbling using magnetic rods is revisited in this paper within the context of optimal control theory. Two formulations are presented; the first one...
What’s New in Chronic Pain Pathophysiology

The understanding of pain pathophysiology is continuously evolving. Identifying underlying cellular and subcellular pathways helps create opportunities for targeted therapies that may prove to be effective interventions. This article is an update on four areas of developing knowledge as it pertains to clinical management of patients with pain: nerve growth factor antagonists, microglial modulation, AMP-activated protein kinase activators, and genetic pain factors. Each of these areas represents novel targets for targeted therapies to prevent, treat, and modify the disease course of acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain. Currently most pain management techniques do not target these pathways directly, but there is promising evidence to suggest that the field is advancing toward available therapies in the near future.
Antiplatelet therapy within 24 hours of tPA: lessons learned from patients requiring combined thrombectomy and stenting for acute ischemic stroke.

Objective Although stroke guidelines recommend antiplatelets be started 24 hours after tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), select mechanical thrombectomy (MT) patients with luminal irregularities or underlying intracranial atherosclerotic disease may benefit from earlier antiplatelet administration. Methods We explore the safety of early (<24 hours) post-tPA antiplatelet use by retrospectively reviewing patients who underwent MT and stent placement for acute ischemic stroke from June 2015 to April 2018 at our institution. Results Six patients met inclusion criteria. Median presenting and pre-operative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores were 14 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 5.5-17.3) and 16 (IQR 13.7-18.7), respectively. Five patients received standard intravenous (IV) tPA and one patient received intra-arterial tPA. Median time from symptom onset to IV tPA was 120 min (IQR 78-204 min). Median time between tPA and antiplatelet administration was 4.9 hours (IQR 3.0-6.7 hours). Clots were successfully removed from the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 5 patients, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in one patient, and the vertebrobasilar junction in one patient. All patients underwent MT before stenting and achieved thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2B recanalization. Stents were placed in the ICA (n=4), common carotid artery (n=1), and basilar artery (n=1). The median time from stroke onset to endovascular access was 185 min (IQR 136-417 min). No patients experienced symptomatic post-procedure intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Median modified Rankin Scale score on discharge was 3.5. Conclusions Antiplatelets within 24 hours of tPA did not result in symptomatic ICH in this series. The safety and efficacy of early antiplatelet administration after tPA in select patients following mechanical thrombectomy warrants further study.
Implementation of Early Achievements for Childcare Providers: A cluster-randomized controlled trial

Abstract A research-to-practice gap exists in childcare settings, particularly affecting instruction to children with developmental delays (DD) including those with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to improve implementation of evidence-based instructional practices by childcare providers in inclusive center-based classrooms; a secondary aim was to examine effects on social and communication outcomes of toddlers with DD and/or ASD. Forty-eight childcare providers from 27 centers and 46 toddlers with social and/or communication delays (mean age = 28.5 months) participated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Providers were randomized, at the center level, to Instruction-As-Usual (IAU) or the Early Achievements for Childcare Providers (EA-CP) condition. EA-CP providers received two workshops and weekly, job-embedded coaching. Providers’ use of evidence-based instructional practices delivered within a book sharing activity, and toddlers’ cognitive, language, and social communication skills were assessed prior to and following training. Significantly greater gains from pre- to post-training in implementation of EA-CP instructional practices were observed in the EA-CP than IAU group (p
Tom Jones: Live on Air 65–68

Many British listeners were entertained by American popular recordings during World War II. This commercial audio invasion from abroad continued and expanded during the postwar years. Beginning in ...
Association of nutrition status and hospital-acquired infections in older adult orthopedic trauma patients.

Background Poor nutritional status is linked to suboptimal outcomes following elective surgery. Trauma patients do not typically have an opportunity for preoperative nutritional optimization and may be at risk for malnutrition with its related complications. Our goal was to investigate whether nutritional status is associated with development of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in elderly, orthopedic trauma patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data between 01/01/2017 to 08/30/2018 from the Massachusetts General Hospital Geriatric Inpatient Fracture Trauma Service (GIFTS). Admission nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and HAIs were validated through the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. To investigate whether nutritional status is associated with HAIs, we performed a multiple variable logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, glomerular filtration rate, and type of anesthesia. Results 461 patients comprised the analytic cohort. Multiple variable regression analysis demonstrated that each unit increment in MNA score was associated with a 13% reduction in risk of HAI (OR 0.87; 95%CI 0.79-0.97). Furthermore, adjusting for timing of perioperative antibiotics, perioperative transfusions, or development of pressure injury during hospitalization results did not materially change these results. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that malnutrition is highly prevalent in elderly orthopedic trauma patients and that nutritional status may influence the risk of developing HAIs in this cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether optimizing perioperative nutritional status in elderly orthopedic trauma patients can reduce infectious complications and improve overall health outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
AP-2α Regulates S-Phase and Is a Marker for Sensitivity to PI3K Inhibitor Buparlisib in Colon Cancer

Activating protein 2 alpha (AP-2α; encoded by TFAP2A) functions as a tumor suppressor and influences response to therapy in several cancer types. We aimed to characterize regulation of the transcriptome by AP-2α in colon cancer. CRISPR-Cas9 and short hairpin RNA were used to eliminate TFAP2A expression in HCT116 and a panel of colon cancer cell lines. AP-2α target genes were identified with RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. Effects on cell cycle were characterized in cells synchronized with aphidicolin and analyzed by FACS and Premo FUCCI. Effects on invasion and tumorigenesis were determined by invasion assay, growth of xenografts, and phosphorylated histone H3 (PHH3). Knockout of TFAP2A induced significant alterations in the transcriptome including repression of TGM2, identified as a primary gene target of AP-2α. Loss of AP-2α delayed progression through S-phase into G2–M and decreased phosphorylation of AKT, effects that were mediated through regulation of TGM2. Buparlisib (BKM120) repressed in vitro invasiveness of HCT116 and a panel of colon cancer cell lines; however, loss of AP-2α induced resistance to buparlisib. Similarly, buparlisib repressed PHH3 and growth of tumor xenografts and increased overall survival of tumor-bearing mice, whereas, loss of AP-2α induced resistance to the effect of PI3K inhibition. Loss of AP-2α in colon cancer leads to prolonged S-phase through altered activation of AKT leading to resistance to the PI3K inhibitor, Buparlisib. The findings demonstrate an important role for AP-2α in regulating progression through the cell cycle and indicates that AP-2α is a marker for response to PI3K inhibitors. Implications: AP-2α regulated cell cycle through the PI3K cascade and activation of AKT mediated through TGM2. AP-2α induced sensitivity to Buparlisib/BKM120, indicating that AP-2α is a biomarker predictive of response to PI3K inhibitors.
Enabling Covariational Reasoning in Einstein's Formula for Photoelectric Effect.

Research has identified several students’ misinterpretations of the scientific underpinnings of the photoelectric effect. Studies pointed out that the graphical representation of kinetic energy of the ejected electrons versus frequency of incident photons is unclear when a blend of mathematical and scientific reasoning is applied. Students cannot find a scientific sense of the formula using the graph despite the fundamental linear dependence inherited in it. While research suggests various ways to help improve the understanding, little attention is given to the algebraic structure of the equation KMax = hf − Wo and its corresponding graphical representation. Detailed scrutiny revealed that some phases of the photoelectric effect’s algebraic expression do not support its visual representation. This paper suggests a more consistent alignment of the rules of mathematics with the photoelectric effect process to allow coherence. This suggestion emerged as an alternative algebraic representation of the law of conservation of energy in the form of a piecewise linear function. It is hypothesized that such covariational relation between photons’ frequency and the ejected electrons’ kinetic energy is more consistent with observable phenomena behaviour and students’ math knowledge. Mathematical modelling of the photoelectric effect that concluded with a linear piecewise function was supported by a physics simulation The Photoelectric Effect (http://phet.colorado.edu) and delivered to a group of twenty (N = 20) high school physics students. A didactical outline of the instructional unit and a general evaluation of the student’s responses are included. This study in its ealier version was published in Physics Education Journal (Sokolowski 2021).
Romantic Women Writers, Revolution and Prophecy : Rebellious Daughters, 1786-1826

Introduction: reading and writing the End of the World 1. Verbal magic: an etymology of female enthusiasm 2. The second coming of Hester Lynch Piozzi 3. 'I, being the representative of liberty': Helen Maria Williams and the Utopian performative 4. The passion of the Gothic heroine: Ann Radcliffe and the origins of narrative 5. Anna Barbauld as Enlightenment prophet 6. Prophesying tragedy: Mary Shelley and the end of Romanticism Epilogue.
Cyclic acetals of ketoses : Part IV. Re-investigation of the oxidation of 1,2:4,5-DI-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose with methyl sulfoxide—acetic anhydride

Abstract For the preparation of pure D -psicose ( 5a ) via oxidation of 1,2:4,5-di- O -isopropylidene-β- D -fructopyranose ( 2a ), the latter must be free from its 2,3:4,5 isomer ( 6a ), which is oxidized to the corresponding aldosulose acetal. Pure 1,2:4,5-di- O -isopropylidene-β- D - erythro -2,3-hexodiulo-2,6-pyranose ( 3 ) undergoes stereospecific reduction with sodium borohydride to give only 1,2:4,5-di- O -isopropylidene-β- D - ribo -hexulopyranose ( 4a ), which exists as two different crystal modifications. Compounds 3 and 4a have been characterized, and discrepancies in the literature have been explained.
Molecular basis for resistance to silver cations in Salmonella

Here we report the genetic and proposed molecular basis for silver resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. The silver resistance determinant from a hospital burn ward Salmonella plasmid contains nine open reading frames, arranged in three measured and divergently transcribed RNAs. The resistance determinant encodes a periplasmic silver-specific binding protein (SilE) plus apparently two parallel efflux pumps: one, a P-type ATPase (SilP); the other, a membrane potential-dependent three-polypeptide cation/proton antiporter (SilCBA). The sil determinant is governed by a two-component membrane sensor and transcriptional responder comprising silS and silR, which are co-transcribed. The availability of the sil silver-resistance determinant will be the basis for mechanistic molecular and biochemical studies as well as molecular epidemiology of silver resistance in clinical settings in which silver is used as a biocide.
Vaccinia Virus Replication and Cytopathic Effect in Cultures of Phytohemagglutinin-treated Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

Titers of vaccinia virus consistently increased in cultures of washed phytohemagglutinin-treated, peripheral blood leukocytes of a vaccinated adult. Concomitantly, a gradual rise occurred in the numbers of infected leukocytes, as determined by the infective center assay. Increase in viral titer was accompanied by cell injury, decline in cell numbers, and decreased acid production. Leukocytes not pretreated with phytohemagglutinin appeared to form infective centers after exposure to the vaccinia agent, but they did not replicate infectious virus. For viral replication, the continuous presence of phytohemagglutinin was required.
Effects of urecholine and atropine on canine pancreas slices. On incorporation of 14C-adenine and 14C-orotic acid into acid-soluble metabolites and RNA.

Abstract The incorporation of 8- 14 C-adenine into cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA of canine pancreas slices proceeds at a much faster rate than that of 6- 14 C-orotic acid. The drug, urecholine, inhibits the conversion of adenine into nuclear RNA. This inhibition is blocked by the cholinergic antagonist, atropine. The incorporation of labeled adenine or orotic acid into the acid-soluble pool of the tissue is likewise inhibited by urecholine, and this effect is also prevented by atropine. By means of thin-layer chromatographic separation of the components of the acid-soluble pool, it was shown that urecholine decreased the pool size of ATP and ADP whereas that of AMP was but very slightly decreased. Intracellular concentration of IMP was unchanged, but that of hypoxanthine was increased. The specific activities of ATP and ADP were moderately decreased, that of AMP was unaffected, but those of IMP and hypoxanthine were markedly increased. The amount and specific activity of hypoxanthine in the medium were increased. Atropine blocked the effect of urecholine on ATP and ADP pool size and concentration, but it resembled urecholine in increasing the specific activity of IMP. Atropine also blocked the effect of urecholine on hypoxanthine pool size and specific activity in both the tissue and the medium. Atropine, however, increased the pool size of IMP.
Authenticating DSR using a novel multisignature scheme based on cubic LFSR sequences

The problem of secure routing in mobile ad hoc networks is long-standing and has been extensively studied by researchers. Recently, techniques of aggregating signatures have been applied to authenticate on demand routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient, single round multisignature scheme, CLFSR-M, constructed using cubic (third-order) linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequences. The scheme, CLFSR-M is derived from a 2-party signature scheme CLFSR-S, formed using a well-known variant of the generalized ElGamal signature scheme. The multisignature has been engineered to produce an efficient technique to authenticate route discovery in the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. Our technique supports authentication of cached routes. Delegating special functions to nodes or assuming the existence of a trusted third party to distribute certified public keys is not practical in mobile ad hoc networks. We consider a fully distributed mechanism of public key distribution and present two variations of trust policies, based on PGP, for effective management of individual and aggregate public keys. Finally, we perform a theoretical analysis including correctness and security of CLFSR-M and also present a performance (computation and communication costs, storage overhead) comparison of the proposed scheme with existing ones.
Toward Pure Polylingual Persistence

A heterogeneous persistent object system provides multiple programming language interfaces. This gives rise to the polylingual interoperability problem, namely, how can an application uniformly process data objects that have been defined, created and persistently stored using distinct programming language type models. At POS-7, we reported on the PolySPIN approach (polylingual support for persistence, interoperability and naming). A prototype based on PolySPIN, which was built as an extension to the TI/Darpa Open Object-Oriented Database, supports transparent polylingual access for persistent C++ and CLOS objects. The approach, however, assumes that objects in the persistent store are monolingual structures. That is, while a C++ application using the PolySPIN approach may access and manipulate a persistent CLOS object as if it were implemented in C++, that CLOS object must be entirely implemented in CLOS. In this paper, we report on our recent efforts toward extending PolySPIN with pure polylingual persistence capabilities. Our new approach supports transparent construction and manipulation of heterolingual persistent data objects. This means that a persistent object may have in its closure objects that are defined using different languages. The pure polylingual persistence mechanism transparently manages heterolingual persistent objects. We illustrate the pure polylingual approach by applying it to a Java-C++ realization of the 007 benchmark as implemented using the TI/Darpa Open Object-Oriented Database.
Automatic Real-Time Detection and Correction of Erroneous Detector Data with Fourier Transforms for Online Traffic Control Architectures

Real-time and Internet-based control architectures are currently being designed in the context of online route guidance and traveler information systems for vehicular traffic networks. They involve transmitting field data to the traffic control center for real-time processing. To enable reliable and uninterrupted operation, these real-time systems should be fault tolerant to critical hardware failure modes such as malfunctioning detectors and failed transmission and communications links. This research proposes a Fourier transform-based fault-tolerant framework to detect data faults due to malfunctioning detectors and predicts the likely actual data for seamless operation of an online traffic control architecture. However, incidents also exhibit data characteristics similar to those of some hardware-related data faults. The proposed approach treats data faults and incidents as abnormalities in the monitored network. It first detects an abnormality and then distinguishes data faults from incidents by using ...
Acyl disulfide-mediated intramolecular acylation for orthogonal coupling between unprotected peptide segments. Mechanism and application

A highly efficient orthogonal coupling approach for peptide bond formation using unprotected peptide segments was described. The key element of this approach consisted of capturing an Npys modified N-Cys side-chain thiol of the amino segment with a Cα-thiocarboxylic acid of the acyl segment to form an acyl disulfide which undergoes rapid intramolecular acylation to generate an amide bond. A final product with a native Cys residue at the ligation site was obtained after a thiolytic reduction step.
Mechanisms of plasticity and fracture of partially lamellar titanium aluminum

Abstract The deformation and fracture mechanisms active in the γ- and α2-phases of a binary Ti–48 at% Al intermetallic compound during tensile loading at room temperature and 800°C have been determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A change of the dominant fracture mode from transgranular at room temperature to mostly intergranular at 800°C has been observed. At both room and elevated temperature the γ-phase accommodated most of the strain by activation of essentially the same modes of dislocation slip and ordered twinning, whereas a profound change in the plastic behavior of the α2-phase has been detected. At room temperature the α2-phase exhibited inhomogeneous slip of dislocations, b= =1/3 2 0>, on both {1 1 00} and {2 201}, whereas -component dislocations, e.g. b= =1/3 2 6>, have not been observed. After straining at 800°C the α2-phase contained more uniform, denser populations of dislocations, and notably also -component dislocations. Climb occurred in both phases during tensile tests at 800°C. It has been proposed that the observed change in fracture mode may in part be related to the reduction in the plastic incompatibility between the two phases due to the increased level of plasticity exhibited by the α2-phase at 800°C.
Soviet‐Turkish relations and politics in the Armenian SSR

(1968). Soviet‐Turkish relations and politics in the Armenian SSR. Soviet Studies: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 510-525.
Dynamical model of mesoscales in z-coordinates

Abstract Using the equations of the dynamical mesoscale model developed previously [Ocean Modell. (2004) 8, 1–30], we derive a mesoscale model in z-coordinates to be used in coarse resolution OGCMs. We present a model for the eddy-induced velocities, mesoscale diffusivity, eddy kinetic energy, eddy potential energy, residual diapycnal flux, velocity across mean isopycnals, Reynolds stresses, E-P, PV and RV fluxes. Specifically, in the mean buoyancy equation, mesoscales give rise to two terms: an eddy-induced velocity uM = (u+, w+) and a residual diapycnal flux Σ. While uM has received much attention, Σ has always been taken to be zero. Physical and numerical arguments are presented to show that Σ is not zero. We present the model results for both uM and Σ. The new expression for u+ contains four terms, the first of which has the structure of the GM model while the remaining three terms are new. Several interpretations of the new terms are given. The boundary conditions at z = −H, 0 are satisfied by uM and Σ, thus avoiding the need for “tapering schemes” employed thus far to amend the failure of models for uM to satisfy the proper boundary conditions. We also present the model results for the mesoscale diffusivity and show that the predicted magnitude and z-dependence are in accord with recent numerical models. The residual flux Σ gives rise to a mesoscale-induced diapycnal diffusivity which in the ACC is larger than the diabatic one. The resulting “velocity across mean isopycnals” may thus significantly affect the dynamics of the thermocline (e.g., the Munk–Wunsch advective–diffusive model). The predicted magnitude of this velocity is in an accord with recent results from eddy-resolving codes. The presence of a non-zero residual flux Σ in the mean buoyancy equation implies that the effect of mesoscales in the T–S equations is not fully accounted for with only the eddy-induced velocity, as generally done. Additional Σ-like diapycnal fluxes must be added to the T–S equations. Mean momentum equations. Since the down-gradient model used in most OGCMs does not represent mesoscales, the latter have not yet been accounted for. A model for the divergence of the Reynolds stresses, the Eliassen–Palm fluxes, the PV (potential vorticity) and RV (relative vorticity) fluxes is presented. We show that the Sverdrup vorticity balance is modified by mesoscales. In particular, while the standard Sverdrup relation does not allow meridional currents to cross the equator, the presence of mesoscales allows such a possibility.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the desoxyribonuclease II activity of isolated mitochondria.

1. Exposure of isolated liver mitochondria to high doses of gamma rays from a Co 60 source causes the level of DNase II activity to increase. Treatment of the mitochondria with sonic vibration causes a further elevation of the activity to a level which is independent of the prior radiation dose. 2. Such increased mitochondrial DNase II activity appears to be due to the "structural damage" of the subcellular particulates caused by the ionizing radiation. Other methods of disrupting the mitochondrial structure also cause increased DNase II activity. A causal relationship between the structural alteration and the increased enzymatic activity is postulated. 3. The DNase II activity appears to be closely associated with the structural elements of the mitochondria and remains associated with the fragments after irradiation. 4. Upon irradiation, the mitochondrial suspension releases ultraviolet-absorbing materials which are probably nucleotide in nature. 5. The possibility of localization of DNase activity in the lysosome fraction of de Duve (15) is discussed. It is felt that DNase II is at least in part a mitochondrial enzyme and that probably the conclusions drawn here would be applicable to any DNase II present in the lysosomes as well. 6. Irradiation of whole liver homogenate causes no increased DNase II activity. The experiments do not provide any information on the presence or action of protective substances in the homogenate.
Effects of learning to program a computer in BASIC or Logo on problem-solving abilities

AbstractThe purposes of this study were (a) to determine if learning to program a computer in either BASIC or Logo improves the problem-solving skills of fifth grade students when compared to a control group that receives no programming instruction, and (b) to determine if learning to program a computer in Logo is more effective than learning to program in BASIC. Subjects were 132 fifth graders from two suburban elementary schools. Subjects in the BASIC treatment group received seven weeks (approximately 35 hours) of computer programming instruction using the Computer Challenge Guide. Subjects in the Logo group received the same amount of instruction using Logo in the Classroom. The New Jersey Test of Reasoning Skills was used as the pretest and posttest measure, and data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance procedure. Results indicated that learning to program in BASIC or Logo does not significantly improve problem-solving abilities of fifth grade students, as measured by the instrument used, w...
US and UK versions of the EQ-5D preference weights: Does choice of preference weights make a difference?

Background Most US studies that estimate EQ-5D index score generally apply the UK preference weights. We compared the validity of a newly-developed US weights to the UK weights for use of EQ-5D as a measure of health-related quality of life. Methods Data were collected from a randomized clinical trial for patients with HIV (n = 1,126) in the US. Convergent validity was examined by comparing Pearson correlations of EQ-5D index scores with the MOS-HIV Health Survey scale scores and Physical and Mental Health Summary (PHS, MHS) scores using the US and UK weights. Known-groups validity of EQ-5D US versus UK index scores was compared using clinical variables (CD4+ cell count and HIV viral load), and the MOS-HIV PHS and MHS. Score changes in the EQ-5D index from baseline to week 50 were examined using effect size (ES) estimates. Results The mean EQ-5D index scores was slightly higher using US weights than UK weights (0.87 vs. 0.84, respectively). The correlation coefficient for EQ-5D utilities using the US and UK weights was 0.98. The correlations of EQ-5D index scores with the MOS-HIV scores were moderate and similar using the US and UK weights. The EQ-5D index scores discriminated equally well for both versions between levels of CD4+ count, HIV viral load, and PHS and MHS scores (P < 0.05), suggesting equivalent known-groups validity. The changes in EQ-5D index scores from baseline to week 50 were similar for both versions (ES: 0.21 vs. 0.22 for US and UK, respectively), suggesting equivalent responsiveness to score changes. Conclusions EQ-5D index scores generated using UK and US preference weights showed equivalent psychometric properties. For assessing treatment benefit in a single population, the use of either the UK or US weights as a measure of HRQOL will not change inferences. However, for comparisons across US and UK populations, the choice between these two weights should be based on their relevance to the study population.
How the Pokagon Band Avoided Removal: Archaeological Evidence from the Faunal Assemblage of the Pokagon Village Site (20BE13)

The Removal period is the time between the Treaty of Greenville in A.D. 1795 and the final expulsion of most Potawatomi from Michigan and Indiana by 1840. It was a time of rapid social change, when Native Americans developed many different adaptive strategies that are revealed by great cultural diversity in time and space. Archaeological investigations of the Pokagon Village site (20BE13) have provided new insights into the strategies that the wkama Leopold Pokagon and his associates used to avoid the removal of their band. The faunal assemblage from two middens at the site is compared with assemblages from other early nineteenth century Native American sites in the region, showing that the development of economic self-sufficiency through the adoption of European domesticated animals was an important part of the Pokagon Band’s anti-removal strategy.
Part II: Determining the Effective Mean Fiber Length Acting in Each Yarn

Yams spun from a particular Egyptian cotton were used to develop a method of ' ° analyzing how fiber properties translate into yarn properties. The yarns in a wide range of sizes and twist factors were spun independently on a ring spinning frame. A method of yarn analysis was developed by evaluating the yam data. Single-strand breaking tenacity was determined for each yarn. Yam tenacity was normalized for fiber fineness, angle of fiber twist, and number of broken fibers. Equations relating yarn twist to the normalized yarn tenacity data for different yarn sizes at a constant twist factor for each of seven twist factors were used to determine unique effective fiber lengths in each yarn. Equations were developed relating yarn twist to effective fiber lengths at constant yam size. Effective fiber lengths for each yarn in the family were compared and agreed with the extant experimental results.
First experimental constraints on the interference of 3 2 + resonances in the F 18 ( p , α ) O 15 reaction

The interference effects among ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}=3/{2}^{+}$ resonances in the $^{18}\mathrm{F}+p$ system have not been previously measured. $R$-matrix calculations show that the cross sections above the ${E}_{c.m.}=665$ keV resonance are sensitive to the interference between the ${E}_{c.m.}=8$, 38, and 665 keV resonances. An excitation function for the $^{1}\mathrm{H}$($^{18}\mathrm{F}$,\ensuremath{\alpha})$^{15}\mathrm{O}$ reaction has been measured in the energy range of ${E}_{c.m.}=663\text{\ensuremath{-}}877$ keV using radioactive $^{18}\mathrm{F}$ beams at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). By comparing the observed cross sections with the $R$-matrix calculations, we provide the first experimental constraints on the interference. Upper limits on proton widths (${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{p}$) of the ${E}_{c.m.}=827$ and 842 keV resonances have been set as well.
FIRO Model: A Framework for Family-Centered Care

The Family FIRO model can be used in understanding family relationship patterns in family-centered care interventions for persons with Alzheimer's disease. Understanding family interaction processes can inform the development of practice models where family serves as a central contextual influence in the treatment process. The Family FIRO model has three core dimensions, inclusion, control, and affection, that identify needs of family members, organize the complexities of family interaction patterns, and serve to sequence family issues. Previously published research is summarized and selectively abstracted to support the application of the model to a family member with Alzheimer's disease. Implications for occupational therapy practice are suggested.
PV inverter performance and reliability: What is the role of the bus capacitor?

In order to elucidate how the degradation of individual components affects the state of the photovoltaic inverter as a whole, we have carried out SPICE simulations to investigate the voltage and current ripple on the DC bus. The bus capacitor is generally considered to be among the least reliable components of the system, so we have simulated how the degradation of bus capacitors affects the AC ripple at the terminals of the PV module. Degradation-induced ripple leads to an increased degradation rate in a positive feedback cycle. Additionally, laboratory experiments are being carried out to ascertain the reliability of metallized thin film capacitors. By understanding the degradation mechanisms and their effects on the inverter as a system, steps can be made to more effectively replace marginal components with more reliable ones, increasing the lifetime and efficiency of the inverter and decreasing its cost per watt towards the US Department of Energy goals.
Rabbit Calvarial Wound Healing by Means of Seeded Caprotite® Scaffolds

Autologous bone is the most successful bone-grafting material; however, limited supply and donor site morbidity are problematic. Synthetic bone substitutes are effective, but healing is slow and unpredictable. Osseous wound healing may be enhanced if bone substitutes are combined with autologous bone marrow cells. To test this hypothesis, we created 40 calvarial defects in 20 12-week-old New Zealand White rabbits, divided into four groups: (1) unrepaired controls, (2) autologous bone grafts, (3) unseeded Caprotite (a polymer-ceramic composite) grafts, and (4) Caprotite grafts seeded with autologous bone marrow stromal cells. CT scans were obtained at 0, 6, and 12 weeks post-operatively, and defects were harvested for histology. Defects repaired with autologous bone had significantly (p < 0.05) more bone than the other three groups, although seeded Caprotite defects showed different wound-healing sequelae. Results suggest that seeded Caprotite scaffolds did not significantly enhance osseous defect healing compared with controls.
De-embedding parasitic components from propagation constant calculations

Abstract We present a novel technique for extracting transition structure circuit elements from microwave transmission lines. Using a full-wave Maxwell Equation simulator and microwave circuit software tools, data were generated from a prototype 2.5-dimensional coaxial line-like structure and used as a test vehicle to ascertain the effectiveness of this method. Our results confirm the method's value as a new tool for the design of microwave components.
Load share and finite element stress analysis for double circular-arc helical gears

The authors analyze the tooth surface contact and stresses for double circular-arc helical gear drives. The geometry of such gear drives has been represented by the authors in their previous paper [1]. The proposed approach is based on application of (i) computerized simulation of meshing and contact of loaded gear drives, and (ii) the finite element method. Load share between the neighboring pairs of teeth is based on the analysis of position errors caused by surface mismatch and elastic deformation of teeth. The authors have investigated the conditions of load share under a load and determined the real contact ratio for aligned and misaligned gear drives, respectively. Elastic deformation of teeth and the stress analysis of the double circular-arc helical gears are accomplished by using the finite element method. The finite element models for the pinion and gear are constructed, respectively. Contact pressure is spread over elliptical area. The stress analysis for aligned and misaligned gear drives, respectively, has been performed. The numerical results have been compared with those obtained by other approaches.
Effect of Increasing Intraabdominal Pressure and Volume on Left Ventricular Function in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

To determine the effect of increasing intraabdominal pressure on left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), we studied 15 patients who had been on CAPD for at least 2 months. The study protocol included measurement of echocardiographic LV internal dimensions in diastole and systole, LV wall thickness and mass, LV ejection time, the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf), heart rate, BP, and intraabdominal pressure. Measurements were obtained at baseline (OL) and following intraperitoneal infusion of 1-L increments of dialysate solution (up to 4 L) in both the recumbent and standing positions. Significant differences in LV systolic function resulting from intraperitoneal infusion of dialysate were confined to the subgroup with increased LV wall thickness ( n = 8). In this subgroup, mean Vcf decreased progressively from 0.99 ± 0.18 circumferences/second at baseline to 0.88 ± 0.16 circumferences/ second at 1 L ( P = NS), to 0.86 ± 0.16 circumferences/second at 2 L ( P = NS), to 0.66 ± 0.18 circumferences/second at 3 L ( P P