cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1702: Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) expression in ovarian cancer and correlation with clinical features

Objective: Human omental adipocytes promote migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and result in alterations in metabolism including increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and b-oxidation, which allow for use of lipids as an energy source. Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) is a member of the AMPK family of serine/threonine kinases, which are activated by starvation and stress conditions. The goal of this study is to describe the expression of SNRK in human ovarian cancer tissue. Methods: Tissue was collected from patients undergoing surgery for serous ovarian cancer or benign indications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect SNRK expression. SNRK+ cells were compared between benign and malignant tissue, and statistical significance between positivity and clinicopathologic variables was determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: In the 31 samples analyzed, SNRK demonstrates a nuclear staining pattern. IHC shows increased SNRK+ cells in malignant tissue versus benign tissue (42.0% versus 31.3% positive nuclei, p Conclusions: This is the first study to describe SNRK expression in ovarian cancer tissue. We show that SNRK has a nuclear staining pattern and that expression is greater in malignant ovarian tissue compared to benign ovarian tissue, which may be due to more metabolic stress on cells with higher proliferation rates. SNRK expression appears to be lower in those with a higher disease stage and poor outcome potentially secondary to metabolic changes that occur once the disease metastasizes. We are currently examining SNRK expression in metastatic omental tumors in order to further explore expression differences between primary versus metastatic disease sites. Citation Format: Elizabeth E. Hopp, Erin Bishop, Stephanie Cossette, Ramani Ramchandran. Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related kinase (SNRK) expression in ovarian cancer and correlation with clinical features. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1702.
The modality of individual self-defence

Having dealt in Chapter 7 with diverse problems pertaining to the interpretation of the expression ‘armed attack’ (which constitutes the foundation of the right of self-defence under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations), it is now necessary to sketch the optional modes of self-defence available to a State facing an armed attack. At the outset of the discussion it should be pointed out that, for an armed attack to justify counter-measures of self-defence under Article 51, it need not be committed by another State. Ordinarily, the perpetrator of the armed attack is indeed a foreign State as such. Yet, in exceptional circumstances, an armed attack – although mounted from the territory of a foreign State – is not launched by that State. Whether an armed attack is initiated by or only from a foreign country, the target State is allowed to resort to self-defence by responding to unlawful force with lawful counter-force. Given, however, the different features of the two types of armed attack, they will be addressed separately. Self-defence in response to an armed attack by a State The expression ‘self-defence’, as used in Article 51 or in customary international law, is by no means self-explanatory. It is a tag attached to the legitimate use of counter-force. Like its corollary (armed attack), self-defence assumes more than one concrete form. The cardinal division, here as elsewhere when the use of force by States is at issue, is between war and measures ‘short of war’.
Guidance: Refining the Details

Providing guidance is one of the key pedagogical skills and actions of the teacher in the Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs), along with stewardship, homiletics, and inquiry. These skills are interrelated and each includes and influences the others. Guided meditation, both “live” in class and through recordings, plays a crucial role in the cultivation of mindfulness, a way of being in the world in relationship to self, to others, and to the flow of experience moment by moment.
Biologic Approaches to Problems of the Hand and Wrist

Orthobiologics are not used as frequently in the hand and wrist as in other sites. The most frequently reported is the use of bone morphogenetic protein for the treatment of Kienbock disease. Animal studies have described improved tendon healing with the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), but no clinical studies have confirmed these results. PRP has been reported to produce improvements in the outcomes of distal radial fractures and osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal in small numbers of patients. The use of orthobiologics in the hand and wrist are promising, but clinical trials are necessary to establish efficacy and safety.
The Effect of Performance Feedback on Social Media Sharing at Volunteer-Based Online Experiment Platforms

As an alternative to online labor markets, several platforms recruit unpaid online volunteers to participate in behavioral experiments that provide personalized feedback. These platforms rely on word-of-mouth sharing by previous participants for recruitment of new participants. We analyzed the impact of performance feedback provided at the end of an experiment on 81,131 participants' sharing behavior. We show that higher performing participants share significantly more. We also show that self-verification has a moderating effect: people who expected to do poorly are not affected by a high score, but people who expected to do as well as others or better, are. In a second experiment, we evaluate three distinct social comparison designs for the presentation of the results. As expected, the design that most emphasized participants' relative success led to most sharing. Contrary to our expectations, people who expected to do poorly benefited from the most optimistic social comparison more than participants who expected to do better than others.
Subsequent-Year Recaptures At Winter Sites In Three Species of Shrubland Sparrows (Emberizidae)

The tendency by individual birds to return to winter sites in subsequent years can be important in assessing the potential influence of habitat changes during the nonbreeding period. We recaptured five Brewer's (Spizella breweri), seven sagebrush (Artemisiospiza nevadensis), and three black-throated (Amphispiza bilineata) sparrows from 1–3 subsequent years at the same winter location following their initial capture. Two Brewer's and one sagebrush sparrow returned to the same winter location at least 4 y after their initial capture. Levels of feather deuterium indicated that birds captured together on winter sites had different breeding ranges. Although individuals of these species returned to specific sites used in previous years, the low recapture rate suggests that wintering individuals may use an itinerant strategy adapted to seasonal food resources.
Notch/HES1/DTX1 signaling controls osteosarcoma invasiveness and metastasis in vivo.

1984 Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant tumor of bone in teenagers, has high potential of pulmonary metastasis. Although primary osteosarcoma is effectively treated by surgery and chemotherapy, pulmonary metastasis is more difficult to control and causes the majority of patient death. Elimination of metastatic disease is essential to cure osteosarcoma patients. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling invasiveness and metastasis are not fully understood. Previously, we identified an essential role of Notch in osteosarcoma invasiveness in vitro . We found that γ-secretase inhibitor-mediated blockade of Notch reduced matrigel invasion in parallel with HES1 reduction in osteosarcoma cell lines OS187 and LM7, but had no effect on proliferation, survival or anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, overexpression of constitutively active Notch1 (ICN1, intercellular domain of Notch1), HES1 or dominant negative Mastermind (dnMAM, an inhibitor of Notch signaling) confirmed the essential role of Notch-induced HES1 expression in promoting invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Here, we further identify the essential role of Notch/Hes1 signaling in osteosarcoma invasiveness in vitro and metastasis in vivo . Using our orthotopic osteosarcoma mouse model, we found that inhibiting Notch signaling with dnMAM significantly suppressed the pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in vivo ( p in vitro . The role of HES1 in osteosarcoma invasiveness was also confirmed using shRNAs targeting HES1 in osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of the shRNAs in osteosarcoma cells suppressed HES1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, and also inhibited the invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells. In one osteosarcoma cell line, COL, which has high endogenous DTX1, we also found that HES1 can inhibit the expression of DTX1. Consistently, we found that overexpression of dnHES1 in osteosarcoma and neuroblstoma cells can upregulate DTX1 expression. Using ChromatinIP techniques, we confirmed that HES1 can bind to the promoter of DTX1 directly. We also indentified the binding site of HES1 in DTX1 promoter. Our studies demonstrate the role of Notch/HES1 signaling in osteosarcoma invasiveness and metastasis in vitro and in vivo . Our data also illustrate a novel regulatory mechanism between the downstream target genes HES1 and DTX1. Since Notch pathway is a potential target for human cancer, our work may have important implications for prediction of which patients are at increased risk for metastasis and might benefit from γ-secretase inhibitor treatment.
Rotating Dirac fermions in a magnetic field in 1 + 2 and 1 + 3 dimensions

We consider the effects of an external magnetic field on rotating fermions in $1+2$ and $1+3$ dimensions. The dual effect of a rotation parallel to the magnetic field causes a net increase in the fermionic density by centrifugation, which follows from the sinking of the particle lowest Landau level in the Dirac sea for free Dirac fermions. In $1+d=2n$ dimensions, this effect is related to the chiral magnetic effect in $2n\ensuremath{-}2$ dimensions. This phenomenon is discussed specifically for both weak and strong interfermion interactions in $1+2$ dimensions. For QCD in $1+3$ dimensions with Dirac quarks, we show that in the strongly coupled phase with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry, this mechanism reveals itself in the form of an induced pion condensation by centrifugation. We use this observation to show that this effect causes a shift in the chiral condensate at leading order in the pion interaction, and to discuss the possibility for the formation of a novel pion superfluid phase in off-central heavy-ion collisions at collider energies.
Examining racial disparities in colon cancer clinical delay in the Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study.

Abstract Purpose We explored a potential racial disparity in clinical delay among non-Hispanic (nH) Black and White colon cancer patients and examined factors that might account for the observed disparity. Methods Patients aged 30–79 years with a newly diagnosed colon cancer from 2010 to 2014 ( n = 386) were recruited from a diverse sample of nine public, private, and academic hospitals in and around Chicago. Prolonged clinical delay was defined as 60 days or more or 90 days or more between medical presentation (symptoms or a screen-detected lesion) and treatment initiation (surgery or chemotherapy). Multivariable logistic regression with model-based standardization was used to estimate the disparity as a difference in prevalence of prolonged delay by race. Results Prevalence of delay in excess of 60 days was 12 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 2%, 22%) higher among nH Blacks versus Whites after adjusting for age, facility, and county of residence. Travel burden (time and distance traveled from residence to facility) explained roughly one-third of the disparity (33%, P = .05), individual and area-level socioeconomic status measures explained roughly one-half (51%, P = .21), and socioeconomic measures together with travel burden explained roughly four-fifths (79%, P = .08). Conclusions Low socioeconomic status and increased travel burden are barriers to care disproportionately experienced by nH Black colon cancer patients.
Spread of common native and invasive grasses and ruderal trees following anthropogenic disturbances in a tropical dry forest

A fundamental challenge to the integrity of tropical dry forest ecosystems is the invasion of non-native grass species. These grasses compete for resources and fuel anthropogenic wildfires. In 2012, a bulldozer from the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority cleared a 570-m trail from a state road into a mature dry forest section of Guanica Forest to control a wildfire. We monitored colonization by a non-native invasive grass (Megathyrsus maximus), a highly invasive tree (Leucaena leucocephala), and a native grass (Uniola virgata), as well as natural regeneration, along the bulldozer trail. We determined whether bulldozing facilitated colonization by these species into the forest and the extent of spread. Distance from propagule source and temporal variations strongly influenced colonization by our three focal species. Megathyrsus maximus invaded along the trail from source populations by the state road. The establishment of new colonies of M. maximus seedlings went as far as 570 m inside the forest (i.e., at the end of the bulldozer trail), but we found most new colonies within 270 m of the road. Leucaena leucocephala exhibited a similar spreading pattern. Before disturbance, Uniola virgata was distributed widely across the forest, but the highest densities were found in areas near the latter portion (> 401 m) of the bulldozer trail. Subsequently, the species formed new clumps along more than half of the trail (250 to 570 m), apparently colonizing from undisturbed patches nearby. Bulldozing facilitated the invasion of non-native vegetation. The projected community assemblage will be more fire-prone than before since M. maximus carries fire across the landscape better than U. virgata, emphasizing the capacity of invasive plant colonization to alter local ecological processes after only a single wildfire and bulldoze event. Our results provide a valuable baseline for short-term vegetation response to anthropogenic disturbances in tropical semi-deciduous dry forests.
Modeling breast cancer tumor morphology to predict drug response

5961 Previous investigators demonstrated that acquired drug resistance could be detected only in three-dimensional spheroids, rather than in monolayer cultures (Kobayashi et al. , 1993). Further, the resistant phenotype was associated with a distinct spheroid morphology. Treated spheroids were more compact than drug-naive spheroids. These data suggest that intercellular interactions among constituents of solid tumors may have a profound impact on drug response, leading to the hypothesis that treatment response may be related to tumor morphology. We therefore set out to determine if tumor morphology in three-dimensional culture versus monolayer affected MCF-7 in vitro drug response. We compared the MDR-1 positive doxorubicin-resistant (DoxR) cell line with the Dox-sensitive wildtype strain. Our group has developed an in silico model of tumor growth, and a second objective of our study was to incorporate spheroid morphology into this model. We evaluated three-dimensional growth characteristics and P-glycoprotein expression in the DoxR and Dox-sensitive cell lines. P-Glycoprotein expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry using JSB-1 antibody. Morphology was evaluated with phase contrast microscopy. In vitro drug response to doxorubicin was determined by hemocytometer trypan blue cell counts. For in silico modeling we used a multi-scale and multi-dimensional tumor simulator to model tumor morphological characteristics that were predictive of drug response. Model parameters were extended to include in vitro tumor morphology and P-glycoprotein expression. Three-dimensional spheroids of MCF-7 DoxR cells were found to have a more compact morphology than MCF-7 Dox-sensitive cells. P-Glycoprotein staining was observed in DoxR spheroids and monolayers, while Dox-sensitive cells lacked P-glycoprotein expression. For both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cell lines, viability was approximately two-fold greater in spheroids as compared to monolayer culture when treated with 4μM doxorubicin. In silico simulations of tumor growth were able to predict higher drug resistance in compact versus diffuse spheroids. Compactness was measured as the ratio of surface area to volume. We developed an iterative translational technique to model tumor growth and response to therapy to answer the question of how morphology and structure of tissue may affect drug response. The three-dimensional morphology of MCF-7 in vitro culture may confer drug resistance properties related to tumor compactness and P-glycoprotein expression. The experimental data provide a means to measure parameters whose biological meaning enables model validation. The model may then provide a theoretical framework through which drug response in vivo can be studied and predicted.
Dynamics of translation can determine the spatial organization of membrane-bound proteins and their mRNA

Unlike most macromolecules that are homogeneously distributed in the bacterial cell, mRNAs that encode inner-membrane proteins can be concentrated near the inner membrane. Cotranslational insertion of the nascent peptide into the membrane brings the translating ribosome and the mRNA close to the membrane. This suggests that kinetic properties of translation can determine the spatial organization of these mRNAs and proteins, which can be modulated through posttranscriptional regulation. Here we use a simple stochastic model of translation to characterize the effect of mRNA properties on the dynamics and statistics of its spatial distribution. We show that a combination of the rate of translation initiation, the availability of secretory apparatuses, and the composition of the coding region determines the abundance of mRNAs near the membrane, as well as their residence time. We propose that the spatiotemporal dynamics of mRNAs can give rise to protein clusters on the membrane and determine their size distribution.
The challenges of midlife women: themes from the Seattle midlife Women's health study.

Midlife, the period of the lifespan between younger and older adulthood, has been described as a period of transition in women’s lives. Investigators studying midlife have focused on women 40 to 65 years of age, who typically experience multiple social, psychological and biological challenges, among them the menopausal transition. Investigators have reported a diverse array of stressful events, for example, health concerns, family problems, work-related issues, deaths, frustrated goal attainment, and financial worries; however, none have identified which life events midlife women experience as the most salient. The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning behind the experiences that midlife women identify as the most challenging. Participants were enrolled in The Seattle Midlife Women’s Health Study, a longitudinal study spanning up to 23 years. Summative content analysis, incorporating manifest and latent analysis approaches, was used to identify life experiences that women described as the most challenging looking back over 15 years of being in the study. Eighty-one women responded to the question, “Since you have been in our study (since 1990 or 1991), what has been the most challenging part of life for you?” Women identified the most challenging aspects of midlife as changing family relationships, re-balancing work/personal life, re-discovering self, securing enough resources, and coping with multiple co-occurring stressors. Within these themes the most frequently reported challenges were: multiple co-occurring stressors, divorce/breaking up with a partner, health problems of self, and death of parents. Few women mentioned menopause as the most challenging aspect of their lives. Women found themselves searching for balance in the midst of multiple co-occurring stressors while coping with losses and transitions, for some in a context of limited resources. Menopause was infrequently mentioned. Future research to identify the challenges experienced by more diverse populations of women and further understanding of the dynamics among multiple co-occurring stressors is needed to provide individualized health care appropriately to midlife women.
Local Government and Regionalism in North American: Background and Historical Development

Canada and the USA, sharing an extensive political and cultural heritage and social and economic integration, have evolved markedly different approaches in accommodating their local governance systems to meet the needs of twenty-first century metropolitan areas. To understand the different approaches to regionalism, it is necessary to have a perspective on the local government systems, how they developed, the influences, and the differences in their approaches to service delivery. Although there are cultural similarities and extensive economic integration between the two nations, there are also differences that are reflected in their culture and respective political institutions. Both countries have a federal form of government with power shared between the national government and the states/provinces. However, the evolution of the federal form in each country has been different. The provinces wield much more power in their federal system than the states do in America’s federal system. Even though both countries adopted a federal system of government as opposed to Great Britain’s unitary system, both countries modeled their local government system after England’s system.1
Measurement of the Top Pair Production Cross section at ATLAS

We present the measurement of the production cross section for top quark pair ($t\bar{t}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using the data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Events are selected in single lepton (electron or muon) and dilepton ($ee$, $\mu\mu$, $e\mu$) topologies with multi-jets, and large missing transverse energy (MET). The combined result from these measurements is $\sigma_{t\bar{t}}$ = $176 \pm 5 \mathrm{(stat.)} ^{+13}_{-10}\mathrm{(syst.)} \pm 7 \mathrm{(lumi.)} \mathrm{pb}$, which is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction.
Genetic Determinants of Individual Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

In this chapter we shall explore the genetic origins of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity by examining studies that have employed the classical twin design to investigate the genetic and environmental determination of individual variation in cardiovascular response to psychological challenge. While the following research provides a good example of how behavior genetics can usefully be employed in behavioral medicine, it is not the only case of the successful marriage of these two disciplines. Other instances include the study of metabolic rate (Hewitt et al., 1991), obesity (Fabsitz et al., 1992; Stunkard et al., 1986; see also Stunkard, 1991), type A behavior (Sims et al., 1991; Tambs et al., 1992), and addictive behaviors including smoking (Carmelli et al., 1992) and drinking (Heath et al., 1991). The interfacing of behavior genetic analysis strategies and behavioral medicine experimental paradigms is likely to increase in the future as the power of these genetic strategies is realized more and more by researchers in behavioral medicine (see Turner et al., 1993a).
The Steady-State Response of a Nonlinear Control System, Lyapunov Stable Attractors, and Forced Oscillations

Summary. In this paper, we study the existence of periodic solutions to periodically forced systems in both the equilibrium and the nonequilibrium cases. In the equilibrium case, we prove an averaging theorem. Then, we develop the rigorous theory of the steady-state response of a nonlinear control system in order to derive some positive results on periodic forcing of autonomous systems with global Lyapunov attractors. Finally, on this occasion it is so much of a pleasure to thank Alberto Isidori for all he taught us and for all the joy we shared, and continue to share, in our research. Tanti auguri!
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Peripheral Vascular Disease Patients Receiving Red Blood Cell Transfusions.

Background Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) patients are commonly transfused with red blood cells (RBC) due to their inability to compensate for anemia and blood loss. Anemias, as well as allogeneic transfusions, have been demonstrated as independent risk factors for increased mortality and morbidity following cardiovascular procedures. The relationships between anemia, transfusion, and adverse outcomes in PVD patients remain unascertained and understudied. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine mortality at 30-day, one-year, and three-year markers among 330 randomly selected PVD patients. The clinical features of patients receiving transfusions were examined, and the mortality rates were compared between patients who received an RBC transfusion and those who did not. Cox regression analysis was employed to identify independent variables predicting mortality. Results Transfusions were found to have increased mortality rates over non-transfused patients at 30 days (6.1% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.05), one year (21.8% vs 12.1%, p = 0.02), and three years (41.2% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.001). Using a multivariate regression model, it was determined that the transfusion itself was not a significant cause of this decrease in survival, while the propensity to transfuse was a predictor for both short (30 days, 36.73 [1.85-728.06], p = 0.04) and long-term mortality (one year (8.83 [2.62-29.77], p < 0.001; three years (7.07 [1.46-8.07], p <0.01). Anti-coagulation therapy using intravenous (IV) heparin and the chronic comorbidities of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus were also robust independent predictors of decreased survival. Conclusion This study was able to find an association between RBC transfusion and reduction in short-term (three months) and long-term (three years) survival. Those requiring IV heparin during the hospital stay were at an increased risk of requiring blood transfusion, and patients receiving IV heparin were also found to have a significant increase in mortality rates.
Sexual Harassment Among California Archaeologists: Results of the Gender Equity and Sexual Harassment Survey

AbstractGender equity and its role in archaeological discourse has been under investigation for decades. Recently, increasing attention has been given to women’s experiences and safety with regard ...
PADUA score as a predictor for pulmonary embolism: a potential strategy for reducing unnecessary imaging

An objective tool that is easy to integrate with an electronic medical record may help reduce unnecessary imaging for diagnosing a pulmonary embolism (PE). In this study, we assess the PADUA score in stratifying patients based on their risk of a PE. We reviewed charts of patients that underwent a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CT-PA) between January 2014 and September 2015 at our institution. Patient demographics including gender, age, race, and variables of the PADUA score were collected. The primary outcome was a positive CT-PA for a PE. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to derive predictors for a positive CT-PA. A receiver operator curve was calculated for the PADUA score and an optimal cutoff was calculated. Diagnostic test statistics were performed. Our study included 1067 patients. Of these, 185 (17.3%) had a PE. These patients tended to be older (64.3 SD 15.9 vs. 59.7 years SD 17.4, p < 0.01), have a higher proportion of Black patients (38.9% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.03), have a higher median [IQR] PADUA score (4.0 [3–6] vs. 3.0 [1–4], p < 0.01), and a higher rate of a DVT/PE history (30.3% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.01). Independent predictors included a DVT/PE history (OR: 7.65, 95% CI 4.89–12.0, p < 0.01), limited mobility (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.14, p = 0.046), and age 70 or greater (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.03–2.11, p = 0.03). The PADUA score had an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.60–0.69, p = 0.046). The optimal cutoff was 4 and the sensitivity and specificity were 57.3% and 66.8%, respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 22.6% and 88.2%, respectively. The PADUA is a possible tool to stratify patients prior to performing a CT-PA. By using the score to guide management, we may be able to reduce unnecessary imaging through the implementation of the score in an EMR system. Further prospective research is warranted.
Localized Rotator Cuff Tendon Degeneration for Cadaveric Shoulders with and Without Tears Isolated to the Supraspinatus Tendon.

Localized differences in tissue degeneration throughout intact and torn rotator cuff tendons have not been well quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate histological differences in localized degeneration in tendons with and without rotator cuff tears isolated to the supraspinatus tendon. Four intact shoulders and four shoulders with rotator cuff tears isolated to the supraspinatus tendon were dissected down to the infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendons. Biopsies were taken throughout the tendon insertion, mid-substance, myotendinous junction, and around the tear if present. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and tendon degeneration was graded based on collagen fiber organization, nuclei shape, cellularity, and lipoid degeneration. Comparisons in degeneration parameters were made based on the tendon type (supraspinatus vs. infraspinatus), location within the tendon, and presence of a tear. Supraspinatus tendons exhibited more degeneration than the infraspinatus tendon (P < 0.05). Significant increases in lipoid degeneration were found near the myotendinous junction compared to the rest of the tendon (P < 0.001). Tendons with rotator cuff tears showed greater amounts of lipoid degeneration compared to intact tendons (P = 0.03). A strong negative correlation was found between lipoid degeneration and collagen fiber organization (r = -0.922, P = 0.001). No differences in degeneration were found between medial, anterior, and posterior edges of the tear. The study highlights specific factors of tendon degeneration contributing to the local differences in tendon degeneration. By understanding local differences in tendon degeneration, surgical protocols for repair can be improved. Clin. Anat., 33:1007-1013, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Genetics of Turner Syndrome

On the surface the genetics of Turner syndrome (TS) would appear straightforward, as many affected females have 45,X. This chapter reviews the structure and function of the sex chromosomes and the multitude of chromosomal differences that can be seen in females with TS, including sex chromosome mosaicism. This chapter also explores the unique features of the X chromosome, including X-chromosome inactivation, and evidence for and against the existence of imprinted genes on the X chromosome. In order to fully understand the clinical features seen in individuals with TS, mechanisms leading to structural rearrangements of the sex chromosomes are discussed, as is an overview of important genes that reside on the X chromosome. Finally, this chapter summarizes the recommended genetic testing when Turner syndrome is suspected in both a prenatal and a postnatal setting and recurrence risks when a family has had one girl with Turner syndrome.
Hilbert modular forms and codes over Fp2

Abstract Let p be an odd prime and consider the finite field F p 2 . Given a linear code C ⊂ F p 2 n , we use algebraic number theory to construct an associated lattice Λ C ⊂ O L n for L an algebraic number field and O L the ring of integers of L. We attach a theta series θ Λ C to the lattice Λ C and prove a relation between θ Λ C and the complete weight enumerator evaluated on weight one theta series.
Correlation matrix renormalization theory in multi-band lattice systems.

An appropriate treatment of electronic correlation eﬀects plays an important role in accurate descriptions of physical and chemical properties of real materials. The recently proposed Correlation Matrix Renormalization theory with Sum Rule correction (CMR) for studying correlated electron materails has shown good performance in molecular systems and a periodic Hydrogen chain in comparison with various quantum chemistry and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. This work gives a detailed formulation and computational code implementation of CMR in multi-band periodic lattice systems. This lattice CMR ab initio theory is highly eﬃcient, has no material speciﬁc adjustable parameters, and has no double counting issues faced by the hybrid approaches like LDA+U, DFT+DMFT and DFT+GA type theories. Benchmark studies on materials with s and p orbitals in this study show that CMR in its current implementation consistently performs well for these systems as the electron correlation increases from the bonding region to the bond breaking region.
A Behavioral Compact Model for Static Characteristics of 3D NAND Flash Memory

We present a behavioral compact model for static characteristics of 3D NAND flash memory for integrated circuits and system-level applications utilizing BSIM-CMG 110.0.0. This model is easy to implement, computationally efficient, fast, accurate, and effectively accounts for the different parasitic capacitance coupling effects applicable to the 3D geometry of the vertical channel Macaroni body charge-trap flash memory. The model parameter extraction methodology is simple and can be extended to reproduce the electrical behavior of different 3D NAND flash memory architectures (with different page size, dimension, or a number of stacked layers). We believe that the developed compact model would equip the circuit designers and system architects with an effective tool for design-exploration of 3D NAND flash memory devices for diverse unconventional analog applications.
“Eyewitnesses to a Tragedy”: How the Collegian, the Student Newspaper of South Carolina State College, Covered the 1968 Orangeburg Massacre

On the night of February 8, 1968, in Orangeburg, South Carolina, a town located ninety minutes away from Charleston, state highway patrolmen were stationed at the edge of South Carolina State Colle...
Exposure to Negative Shocks and Child Development: Evidence from Boko Haram Attacks

Growing evidence shows that exposure to violent attacks during early childhood impairs the physical development of children. In this paper, I show that these effects extend to cognitive and psychological development. By exploiting exogenous variation in the location and timing of Boko Haram attacks in Nigeria and new measures of physical, cognitive, and psychological development, I estimate the effects of exposure to violence on child development. Children exposed to terror attacks are 0.35 SDs shorter and 13 percentage points less likely to be developmentally on track across the cognitive, socio-emotional, and physical domains. The deficits are largest in children exposed to violence at younger ages. Mediation analysis shows that 6% of the effect on height is mediated by nutrition and parental investments can explain 7% of the effect on psychological development. This research, therefore, highlights areas in which interventions in early childhood can lessen the adverse impacts of negative shocks.
Update of National Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Programs

The brucellosis eradication program was making progress towards reducing the number of infected herds until about 1972. A number of problems, including a reduction in funds and manpower due to the detailing of personnel to the VEE eradication program, the exotic Newcastle disease eradication efforts, and the hog cholera eradication campaign, resulted in an increase in the incidence of brucellosis throughout the country. This increase was observed in both the high-risk and the predominantly clean populations.
Initial Laparotomy Versus Peritoneal Drainage in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants With Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis or Isolated Intestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine which initial surgical treatment results in the lowest rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP). Summary background data The impact of initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for NEC or IP on the rate of death or NDI in extremely low birth weight infants is unknown. Methods We conducted the largest feasible randomized trial in 20 US centers, comparing initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of death or NDI at 18 to 22 months corrected age, analyzed using prespecified frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Results Of 992 eligible infants, 310 were randomized and 96% had primary outcome assessed. Death or NDI occurred in 69% of infants in the laparotomy group versus 70% with drainage [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-1.14]. A preplanned analysis identified an interaction between preoperative diagnosis and treatment group (P = 0.03). With a preoperative diagnosis of NEC, death or NDI occurred in 69% after laparotomy versus 85% with drainage (aRR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64-1.04). The Bayesian posterior probability that laparotomy was beneficial (risk difference Conclusions There was no overall difference in death or NDI rates at 18 to 22 months corrected age between initial laparotomy versus drainage. However, the preoperative diagnosis of NEC or IP modified the impact of initial treatment.
Adaptation of Phytophthora nicotianae to multiple sources of partial-resistance in tobacco.

Host resistance is an important tool in the management of black shank disease of tobacco. While race development leads to rapid loss of single-gene resistance, the adaptation by Phytophthora nicotianae to sources of partial resistance from Beinhart 1000, Florida 301, and the Wz gene region introgressed from Nicotiana rustica is poorly characterized. In greenhouse environments, host genotypes with QTLs conferring resistance from multiple sources were initially inoculated with an aggressive isolate of race 0 or race 1 of P. nicotianae. The most aggressive isolate was selected after each of six host generations to inoculate the next generation of plants. The race 0 isolate demonstrated a continuous gradual increase in disease severity and percent root rot on all sources of resistance except the genotype K 326 Wz/--, where a large increase in both was observed between generations two and three. Adaptation by the race 0 isolate on Beinhart 1000 represents the first report of adaptation to this genotype by P. nicotianae. The race 1 isolate did not exhibit significant increases in aggressiveness over generations, but also exhibited a large increase in aggressiveness on K 326 Wz/-- between generations 3 and 4. Molecular characterization of isolates recovered during selection was completed using ddRADseq, but no polymorphisms were associated with the observed changes in aggressiveness. The rapid adaptation to Wz resistance and the gradual adaptation to other QTLs highlights the need to study the nature of Wz resistance and for conducting field studies on efficacy of resistance-gene rotation for disease management.
Commentary to 'Adenotonsillectomy improves quality of life in children with nocturnal enuresis and sleep-disordered breathing'.

Commentary to 'Adenotonsillectomy improves quality of life in children with nocturnal enuresis and sleep-disordered breathing'.
An Engineering-Scale Energy Storage Reservoir of Iron Titanium Hydride

A hydrogen reservoir containing 14 lb of H2 in the form of 893 lb of granular iron titanium hydride was constructed and tested. The reservoir will be used by Public Service Electric and Gas Company of New Jersey to study the feasibility of storing off-peak electrical energy through the use of a water electrolyzer, a hydride reservoir and a fuel cell stack. The internal functional components of the stainless steel vessel consist of a barrier in the form of porous metal tubes, and heat exchanger tubes. Details of construction, preparation of the hydride, and performance tests made at BNL are described.
Aliphatic semidiones—XI

Abstract The title compounds all furnish stable radical anions (pyrazole semiquinones) upon exposure to the reducing system of dimethyl sulfoxide plus base. The radical anions have been detected by ESR spectroscopy. Excess base in DMSO will cleave pyrazole-blue to yield the radical anion of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazoline-4,5-dione. The radical anion ofpyrazole-blue is formed from pyrazole-blue in solvents such as DMSO without added base or reducing agents.
Correcting Fatigue Life Inadequacy: Evaluation of the Approximate Area Increase Required to Improve Fatigue Life Based on the Use of Stress‐Cycles and Stress‐Strain Curves

WHERE service life, cither actual or simulated, has proven to be inadequate, the need for a simple conversion of fatigue cycles to service life is paramount. The task becomes exceedingly difficult in the case of service life where neither number nor magnitudes of loads can be determined. The only known quantity is that the machine or structure lasted only one‐tenth, one‐third, or not quite as long as it should.
Accelerated Weathering of Waste Glass at 90°C with the Pressurized Unsaturated Flow (PUF) Apparatus: Implications for Predicting Glass Corrosion with a Reactive Transport Model

The interest in the long-term durability of waste glass stems from the need to predict radionuclide release rates from the corroding glass over geologic time-scales. Several long-term test methods have been developed to accelerate the glass-water reaction [drip test, vapor hydration test, product consistency test-B, and pressurized unsaturated flow (PUF)]. Currently, the PUF test is the only method that can mimic the unsaturated hydraulic properties expected in a subsurface disposal facility and simultaneously monitor the glass-water reaction. PUF tests are being conducted to accelerate the weathering of glass and validate the model parameters being used to predict long-term glass behavior. One dimensional reactive chemical transport simulations of glass dissolution and secondary phase formation during a 1.5-year long PUF experiment was conducted with the subsurface transport over reactive multi-phases (STORM) code. Results show that parameterization of the computer model by combining direct laboratory measurements and thermodynamic data provides an integrated approach to predicting glass behavior over geologic-time scales.
Managing Variability in Reusable Requirement Models for Software Product Lines

This paper describes a feature-oriented approach for managing variability in reusable requirement models for software product lines. The functional requirements of a SPL are described with reusable use case models, reusable activity models and reusable test models. A feature model provides a central point for analyzing the commonality and variability in these functional models, and for managing variability across these models.
Application of non-uniform and conformal FDTD techniques to the analysis of a class of planar antennas

In this paper, we employ a computer code, developed by the authors, which utilizes the non-uniform and conformal FDTD techniques, to analyze a class of planar antennas, viz., a dual-band microstrip patch radiator, wideband water-drop and triangular slot antennas. Our objective is to illustrate the versatility of the code and to show how it can be applied to general, non-cartesian geometries without staircasing. For the sake of comparison, we also present the results obtained from other commercial software packages such as the IE3D(MoM), HFSS(FEM) and EMPIRE (FDTD).
Interactive visualization and steering of CFD simulations

We describe a system that supports real-time interactive visualization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The system allows a user to place and manipulate visualization primitives, such as isolines and streamlines, during an ongoing simulation process. A user can interactively select and designate regions of the computational mesh for refinement as the simulation progresses, perform remeshing, and see the effects of the refinement on the simulation in real time. The system is being used for the study of two open problems in compressible fluid dynamics. We can interactively explore solutions as they are computed, identify flow field regions containing features of interest, and refine the grid in those regions in order to obtain a better result locally. The ability to visualize "live" data, and to make changes to the computational setup in real time, has helped us to understand the underlying fundamental CFD simulation issues of these problems in shorter times than would otherwise have been possible.
Spectrin: Organization and Function in Neurons

When spectrin was first described in neurons in 1981 it was named fodrin, because its relationship to spectrin was not yet known. Studies of spectrin since that time have shed important light on the basic cell biology of the neuron. Spectrin impacts neuron architecture, polarity, axon stability, axonal transport, dendritic spine activity, and mechanotransduction. In addition, dominant mutations in the βIII isoform of spectrin have been shown to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in humans. Neuronal spectrin is described here in terms of conserved features of the spectrin gene family and a few areas of recent progress are highlighted.
Mouse Model of Hyperkinesis Implicates SNAP-25 in Behavioral Regulation

Although hyperkinesis is expressed in several neurological disorders, the biological basis of this phenotype is unknown. The mouse mutant coloboma ( Cm /+) exhibits profound spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity resulting from a deletion mutation. This deletion encompasses several genes including Snap , which encodes SNAP-25, a nerve terminal protein involved in neurotransmitter release. Administration of amphetamine, a drug that acts presynaptically, markedly reduced the locomotor activity in coloboma mice but increased the activity of control mice implicating presynaptic function in the behavioral abnormality. In contrast, the psychostimulant methylphenidate increased locomotor activity in both coloboma and control mice. When a transgene encoding SNAP-25 was bred into the coloboma strain to complement the Snap deletion, the hyperactivity expressed by these mice was rescued, returning these corrected mice to normal levels of locomotor activity. These results demonstrate that the hyperactivity exhibited by these mice is the result of abnormalities in presynaptic function specifically attributable to deficits in SNAP-25 expression.
Effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on flight and flight muscle substrate cycling by the bumble-bee

1. 1. At ambient temperatures <26°C, 2-deoxy-d-glucose injected into the thorax of Bombus affinis in vivo selectively prevented the ability to fly and inhibited both flight muscle glycolysis and substrate cycling of fructose 6-phosphate. 2. 2. The effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose was specific; flying ability was not affected by 2-deoxy-d-galactose, d-glucose, d-fructose, l-arabinose, d-glucosamine-HCl or d-manno heptulose. 3. 3. Evidence is presented that 2-deoxy-d-glucose inhibits glucose entry into the flight muscle thereby interrupting substrate cycling of fructose 6-phosphate and glycolysis, both of which may be required for pre-flight heat production in bees at low ambient temperatures.