cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiscale dynamics of the Tonga—Kermadec subduction zone

Our understanding of mantle convection and the motion of plates depends intimately on our understanding of the viscosity structure of the mantle. While geoid and gravity observations have provided fundamental constraints on the radial viscosity structure of the mantle, the influence of short-wavelength variations in viscosity is still poorly understood. We present 2-D and 3-D finite-element models of mantle flow, including strong lateral viscosity variations and local sources of buoyancy, owing to both thermal and compositional effects. We first use generic 2-D models of a subduction zone to investigate how different observations depend on various aspects of the viscosity structure, in particular, the slab and lower-mantle viscosity and the presence of a low-viscosity region in the mantle wedge above the slab. We find that: (1) the strain rate provides a strong constraint on the absolute viscosity of the slab (10^(23) Pa s); (2) stress orientation within the slab is sensitive to the relative viscosity of the slab, lower mantle and the wedge; and (3) the stress state and topography of the overriding plate depend on the wedge viscosity and local sources of buoyancy. In particular, the state of stress in the overriding plate changes from compression to extension with the addition of a low-viscosity wedge. We then use observations of strain rate, stress orientation, dynamic topography and the geoid for the Tonga–Kermadec subduction zone as simultaneous constraints on the viscosity and buoyancy in a 3-D regional dynamic model. Together these observations are used to develop a self-consistent model of the viscosity and buoyancy by taking advantage of the sensitivity of each observation to different aspects of the dynamics, over a broad range of length-scales. The presence of a low-viscosity wedge makes it possible to match observations of shallow dynamic topography and horizontal extension within the backarc, and down-dip compression in the shallow portion of the slab. These results suggest that a low-viscosity wedge plays an important role in controlling the presence of backarc spreading. However, for a model with a low-viscosity and low-density region that provides a good fit to the observed topography, we find that a reduction of the slab density by a factor of 1.3 relative to the reference density model, is required to match the observed geoid. These results suggest that compensation of the slab by dynamic topography may be a much smaller effect at short to intermediate wavelengths than predicted by long-wavelength modelling of the geoid.
Interference temperature measurements from 70 to 1500 MHz in suburban and rural environments of the Northeast

We report sensitive spectrum measurements from 70 to 1500 MHz of the radio interference (RFI) environment at locations in Westford, Massachusetts and Hancock, New Hampshire. These measurements show that below 400 MHz the interference in bands allocated to passive services is often limited by unintentional signals from power lines and part 15 devices
The mutagenicity of dialkyl nitrosamines in the salmonella plate assay

N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) is not mutagenic in the standard Salmonella plate incorporation assay (Ames test) in the presence of an in vitro metabolic activation system (S-9) derived from rat liver. When the S-9 was derived from Aroclor- or phenobarbital-induced mouse or hamster liver or from uninduced hamster liver, mutagenic activity was observed. Increasing the amount of S-9 above the usual maximum level of 50 microliter per plate increased the mutagenic response. Similarly, the mutagenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and N-nitrosodi(n-butyl)amine (DBN) was greater in the presence of hamster liver S-9 than when mouse or rat liver was used. Data are also presented indicating that the ability of rat liver S-9 to mediate the mutagenic activity of DMN in the "preincubation" assay is due to the fact that the various components are present in this assay at several times the concentrations attained in the standard plate incorporation assay.
Intelligence and Lead Toxins in Rural Children

Hair lead content, intelligence tests, school achievement, and motor impairment assessments were obtained from 149 public school children aged 5 to 16. Hair lead concentration significantly discriminated between groups and significantly predicted IQ scores, independent of group classifications. Regression analyses showed a significant negative correlation between lead and intellectual functioning, even in the normal to gifted IQ range. These results demonstrate a continuous inverse relationship between intelligence and relatively low levels of body lead in which the higher levels of cognitive function are affected before any signs of gross motor impairment are seen.
A Model of Systolic Blood Pressure During the Course of Dialysis and Clinical Factors Associated With Various Blood Pressure Behaviors

Background Little is known about the behavior of systolic blood pressure (SBP) during hemodialysis. Study Design Prospective observational cohort. Setting & Participants 218 prevalent hemodialysis patients treated at 5 participating DaVita Dialysis units. Predictors Clinical variables that may plausibly influence the behavior of SBP during the course of hemodialysis sessions. Outcomes SBP at the onset of dialysis and its rate of change (slope) over the first 25% and latter 75% of the treatment interval. Measurements SBPs measured and recorded per clinical protocol during the first 30 days of study (median, 11 treatments/patient; SBP measured at 30-minute intervals). Results Intradialytic SBP behavior is well characterized by a 2-slope linear spline model, which describes SBP at time zero, a rapid decrease during the first 25% of the treatment (early), and a more gradual decrease thereafter (late). Higher ultrafiltration volume and rate each are associated with greater SBP at the start of dialysis and more rapid early and late SBP decreases. Use of a higher number of antihypertensives was associated with greater time zero SBP. Calcium acetate use is associated with high SBP at the start of hemodialysis and a more pronounced decrease during the early and late parts of treatment. Limitations Over-representation of blacks and patients with congestive heart failure; observational design; use of clinically measured blood pressures. Conclusions Intradialytic SBP can be characterized using 3 parameters: value at the start of dialysis and slopes during the first 25% and latter 75% of treatment. Practices related to fluid management, antihypertensive use, and metabolic bone disease control are associated with blood pressure behavior during dialysis. Further work is needed to confirm findings and measure associations between various aspects of intradialytic blood pressure behavior and clinical outcomes.
Hydrogen Fluoride Chemical Laser Multiple-Pass Amplifier Performance

The performance of a continuous wave hydrogen fluoride chemical laser master oscillator with power amplifier was measured as a function of input power, the number of passes through the gain medium, and location of the optical axis of the input beam. The amplification ratio is an inverse function of the input power (intensity) and, for maximum amplification, the peak of the intensity distribution must be matched to that of the zero power gain distribution in the amplifier. A substantial performance advantage was measured with two-pass amplification when the two passes overlapped at least 60% and filled less than 84% of the zero power gain zone of the amplifier. The measured two-pass Pout vs P-m performance curve was significantly above the single-pass data and showed that only one-sixth of a device's oscillator output must be input to obtain two-pass amplifier output equal to the device's oscillator performance. An amplifier performance model that predicts a device's amplifier performance given the device's oscillator performance as a function of reflectivity was extended to predict multiplepass amplifier performance. The two-pass model predictions were in good agreement with the measured two-pass amplifier performance data. The predicted amplifier performance as a function of gain length was found to be independent of device and showed that, with a 1-m gain length, one oscillator may be able to drive as many as 12 two-pass amplifiers.
A neurocomposition method for extraction of principal components of stochastic processes

A neurocomputation method with an APEX (adaptive principal components extraction) algorithm has recently been proposed by S.Y. Kung and K.I. Diamantaras (1990). In the present work, an improved method with an algorithm called OPEX is presented. It was shown by simulation that OPEX is more robust and has a shorter convergence time than APEX when small eigenvalues are present and the autocorrelation matrix of the input process is ill conditioned. >
Residual Hydrocarbons in a Water-Saturated Medium: A Detection Strategy Using Ground Penetrating Radar

Abstract The focus of this article is to demonstrate through physical model experimentation a potential means for identifying contaminated areas where a light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) hydrocarbon has been redistributed by a rising water table in a previously hydrocarbon residual-free vadose zone using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Analogies of the experimentation conducted in this study are situations where a rise of the water table follows leakage from a tank or pipe at depth or where an LNAPL hydrocarbon plume has migrated laterally from a surface source along the top of the saturated zone and a subsequent rise of the water table occurs. Research to date has provided insight into mechanisms that may offer the potential for LNAPL detection under certain field conditions; however, no studies have specifically focused on developing a potential detection strategy for a case in which residual hydrocarbon is present in a water-saturated medium. A tank model filled with gravel and sand was designed to allow GPR measurements to be made on the surface before, during, and after water and gasoline injections and fluctuations within the tank. Background GPR measurements were made initially with only water being raised and lowered in the model, and the water table was then raised and lowered beneath a volume of 219 liters of gasoline that was injected into the bottom of the tank. Measurements from the initial raising and lowering of the water with no gasoline present demonstrate the sensitivity of GPR for monitoring changes in subsurface water content and minor fluctuations of the water table. Measurements made during the raising and lowering of the water table with gasoline in the model show differences from the measurements made when only water was raised and lowered, and a comparison of the data show that reflections in GPR data can be enhanced when residual gasoline is present in a water-saturated system because there is less attenuation of the radar signal. Differences in travel times to subsurface reflections between the two stages of the experiment are also caused by the residual gasoline present in the water-saturated medium. Results of this study provide the basis for a strategy that has the potential for successful detection and delineation of LNAPL hydrocarbon-contaminated areas at field sites where the conditions are similar to those modeled through this experimentation.
Honokiol affects melanoma cell growth by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Abstract Background Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with limited effective therapeutic options. Melanoma research concentrates on maximizing the effect on cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and has been shown to control tumor progression regulating the cell cycle, protein synthesis, and cell growth and/or survival. Honokiol (HNK) is a biphenolic compound derived from Magnolia officinalis, a plant that has been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine for the treatment of various pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that HNK has antitumor activity with relatively low toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated that the growth inhibitory effects of HNK on melanoma and melanoma cancer stem cells were mediated through the activation of AMPK and hence AMPK signaling in melanoma cells. Methods We determined the effects of HNK treatment on various melanoma cell lines. HNK-induced cell growth inhibitory effects were determined using hexosaminidase assay. Protein expression studies were done by immunoblotting. Primary spheroid assay was used to assess stemness by growing single suspension cells in ultralow attachment plates. Results HNK is highly effective in inhibiting melanoma cells by attenuating protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and AMPK signaling. HNK showed significant inhibition of the spheroid-forming capacity of melanoma cells and, hence, stemness. HNK significantly decreased the number and size of melanospheres in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analyses showed enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK in melanoma cells. Furthermore, HNK decreased the cellular adenosine triphosphate pool in a dose-dependent manner with maximum effects observed at 48 hours. Conclusions The results suggest that HNK can target melanoma cells and mark them for cell death through AMPK signaling. Further studies are warranted for developing HNK as an effective chemopreventive/therapeutic agent in melanoma.
AIDS and the Ecology of Poverty

AIDS and the Ecology of Poverty. By Eileen Stillwaggon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, 260 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-516927-0, $35 (hardcover). Was it too much sex (as many have assumed), or too l...
Continuous vertical ocular flutter, asynchronous palatal myoclonus, and alpha coma

A patient is described who suffered a massive brainstem hemorrhage and survived in unreactive alpha coma for eight months. During this time, continuous vertical ocular oscillations were observed and recorded. The eyelids were open and followed the movements of the eyes. Palatal myoclonus was present, along with periodic facial synkinesias and 'ratchet-like' respirations, all of which followed independent rhythms. Review of the literature documented the uniqueness of this association and provided a framework for understanding the relationships among the various phenomena.
Other, Uppity Obama

Until 2008, only White candidates represented either of the two major parties as presidential nominees. Hence, little is known about how race appeals are framed by or against non-White presidential candidates. Barack Obama's election as the Democratic Party nominee allows us to investigate this issue. In this article, we conduct a content analysis of over 160 advertisements from the 2008 U.S. presidential election to examine how race appeals were framed (or countered) by each campaign. We find that the Republican campaign employed implicit racial appeals that played upon stereotypes of non-Whites as “un-American” and “other” and Blacks as “dangerous,” “criminal,” “incompetent,” and “uppity.” In contrast, the Democratic campaign de-emphasized race, portrayed “other” as positive, reinforced American identity, and spoke out against negative advertisements.
Cotransformation of Trichoderma harzianum with β-Glucuronidase and Green Fluorescent Protein Genes Provides a Useful Tool for Monitoring Fungal Growth and Activity in Natural Soils

Trichoderma harzianum was cotransformed with genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), beta-glucuronidase (GUS), and hygromycin B (hygB) resistance, using polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation. One cotransformant (ThzID1-M3) was mitotically stable for 6 months despite successive subculturing without selection pressure. ThzID1-M3 morphology was similar to that of the wild type; however, the mycelial growth rate on agar was reduced. ThzID1-M3 was formed into calcium alginate pellets and placed onto buried glass slides in a nonsterile soil, and its ability to grow, sporulate, and colonize sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was compared with that of the wild-type strain. Wild-type and transformant strains both colonized sclerotia at levels above those of indigenous Trichoderma spp. in untreated controls. There were no significant differences in colonization levels between wild-type and cotransformant strains; however, the presence of the GFP and GUS marker genes permitted differentiation of introduced Trichoderma from indigenous strains. GFP activity was a useful tool for nondestructive monitoring of the hyphal growth of the transformant in a natural soil. The green color of cotransformant hyphae was clearly visible with a UV epifluorescence microscope, while indigenous fungi in the same samples were barely visible. Green-fluorescing conidiophores and conidia were observed within the first 3 days of incubation in soil, and this was followed by the formation of terminal and intercalary chlamydospores and subsequent disintegration of older hyphal segments. Addition of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid (X-Gluc) substrate to recovered glass slides confirmed the activity of GUS as well as GFP in soil. Our results suggest that cotransformation with GFP and GUS can provide a valuable tool for the detection and monitoring of specific strains of T. harzianum released into the soil.
Constructive Supervisory Confrontation: What Employees Want

Confronting others with constructive criticism and feedback to hold them accountable for their actions and behavior is an important leadership skill in managing people. While the majority of literature generally supports the need for constructive supervisory confrontation in the workplace, few studies have attempted to quantify the issue of supervisory confrontation from the employees’ perspective. Using data from a 2010 survey of 69 mid- and lower-level employees, this study examines employee perception of two primary forms of supervisory confrontation: supportive and corrective feedback. Our research quantifies six, statistically significant areas of confrontational behavior that were valued by employees and ranks their relative importance in the workplace. Our hypothesis is that positive and supportive feedback is valued more highly by employees, and leaders who are socially and emotionally skilled will have a greater impact on employee performance. An understanding of employee perception and valuation of confrontational behavior can improve supervisory leadership, and can also promote employee job satisfaction, motivate employees, eliminate the need for constant supervision, and influence the quality of and improve workplace relationships.
Aquatic risk assessment of copper in freshwater and saltwater ecosystems of South Florida

A screening-level aquatic risk assessment was conducted for copper in south Florida’s freshwater and saltwater environments. Risk was quantified by comparing the overlap between the probability distributions of copper exposure from surface water and sediment with the probability distributions of effects data obtained from laboratory studies. Copper concentrations in surface water and sediment in south Florida were summarized by county. For surface water, the highest concentrations of copper were found in Martin and St. Lucie counties for freshwater and saltwater, respectively. From the exposure probability distributions, the 90th centile values were estimated at 14.0 μg/L and 15.4 μg/L in freshwater and saltwater, respectively. Copper concentrations in sediment were evaluated from a probability distribution of predicted pore water concentrations. The 90th centile values of pore water concentrations from freshwater sediments ranged from 5.0 μg/L in Palm Beach County to 71.7 μg/L in Broward County. In saltwater sediments, the 90th centile values for pore water ranged from 26.1 μg/L in St. Lucie County to 27.3 μg/L in Miami-Dade County. Ecological effects data were obtained for acute and chronic copper effects in freshwater and saltwater. The 10th centile values for acute effects data were 21.2 μg/L and 9.8 μg/L for freshwater and saltwater species, respectively. For chronic effects, the 10th centile values were 3.8 μg/L and 3.9 μg/L for freshwater and saltwater species, respectively. The risk of acute copper exposure in surface water was generally low; however, the potential for ecological risk from chronic copper exposure was low to high in several counties including Lee, Martin, and St. Lucie counties. The risk of acute copper exposure in porewater from freshwater sediments also was low with the exception of St. Lucie and Broward counties. However, porewater from saltwater sediments posed a significant acute risk in Miami-Dade and St. Lucie counties. In porewater from freshwater and saltwater sediments chronic risk was high in counties with sufficient data available to calculate risk estimates.
Unsuccessful Medical Expulsive Therapy: A Cost to Waiting?

Objective To compare clinical outcomes between patients with ureteral stones who underwent an unsuccessful trial of medical expulsive therapy (MET) and patients who did not attempt MET. Methods We reviewed the clinical records of all potential candidates for MET who were referred from the emergency department to a subspecialty stone clinic. Results Of 348 potential candidates, 133 patients (38%) went directly to surgery (NMET) and 215 patients (62%) initiated MET. In the latter group, MET was unsuccessful in 45 patients (21%) (UMET). Stone symptoms were the primary rationale for surgery in 20 (44%) UMET patients and 69 (52%) NMET patients. The UMET patients were more likely to be younger and have smaller, more distal stones than NMET patients. All stones were cleared by ureteroscopy. The average interval from stone clinic assessment to surgery was longer in the UMET patients (17 days) than in the NMET patients (1 day; P P Conclusion In this population, we did not observe any detrimental impact of an unsuccessful trial of MET (beyond the additional time and imaging costs). If more confident and effective symptom control could be achieved, expansion of utilization and duration of MET may be a path to improved patient outcomes and cost control.
Information Technology In The Undergraduate Accounting Curriculum

This study examines the extent to which undergraduate accounting programs are integrating information technology (IT) across the curriculum. Based on responses from nearly 70 accounting programs, respondents believe that integrating IT into the curriculum is important, but (1) few departments have an IT policy, (2) coverage of general IT topics is minor to moderate, and (3) student usage of computer applications is fairly low. The main technical barriers to IT integration are inadequate lab personnel and continual changes in technology.
‘They’re an Illusion to Me Now’: Forensic Ethics, Sanism and Pretextuality

The so-called battle of the experts is, in most cases, a myth. The vast majority of insanity cases are walk-throughs; most cases involving competency to stand trial determinations never reach the contested trial stage. Yet, those case that are contested are vivid (not coincidentally, often because they involve high-profile crimes, victims or defendants, thus assuring saturation media coverage), and we tend to make many of our assumptions about the criminal justice system based on our knowledge about this relatively-small database. And it is these cases that help shape our focus on an important question of forensic ethics: to what extent does a witness's pre-existing value system of political, cultural, and social beliefs shape her expert opinions (especially, though not exclusively, in criminal and quasi-criminal cases)? Studies by Homant and Kennedy tell us that an expert's opinion in insanity defense cases and civil psychic trauma trials positively correlates with the expert's underlying political ideology. And certainly there are experts who testify only (or virtually only) for the state or for defendants, although, anecdotally, witnesses who split their time (testifying on both sides) appear to have greater credibility with at least some trial judges and juries because of that fact. In a series of articles and a book (The Hidden Prejudice: Mental Disability on Trial), I have explored the impact of what I call sanism and what I call pretextuality in the mental disability law system. I have concluded that it is impossible to understand any aspect of mental disability law without an understanding of the corrosive and malignant impact of these factors To the best of my knowledge, no one has ever yet explored the connection between sanism and pretextuality and the question of forensic ethics: to what extent do (some) witnesses's pre-existing social/cultural/political stances on issues dominate and color their professional practices, and to what extent, if any, does this effect reflect sanism and pretextuality? I will modestly attempt a first tentative answer to this question in this paper, and will then consider all questions through a therapeutic jurisprudence filter.
Are mobile botnets a possible threat? The case of SlowBot Net

In virtue of the large-scale diffusion of smartphones and tablets, a possible exploitation of such devices to execute cyber-attacks should be evaluated. This scenario is rarely considered by cyber-criminals, since mobile devices commonly represent a target of attacks, instead of an exploitable resource. In this paper we analyze the possibility to execute distributed denial of service attacks from mobile phones. We introduce SlowBot Net, a botnet infrastructure designed to involve mobile agents, and we compare it with Low-Orbit Ion Cannon (also called LOIC), a well-known botnet adopted by cyber-hacktivists on the Internet. Results prove that SlowBot Net requires fewer resources to the attacker and it is effectively deployable on mobile nodes. Since research related to mobile botnets is still immature, the proposed work should be considered a valuable resource enriching the cyber-security field.
Laser Machining for Fabrication of Hohlraums and Capsules

Laser machining technology has been used to demonstrate the ability to rapidly perform jobs on all aspects of ICF targets. Lasers are able to rapidly perform modifications and repairs to the gold metal parts on hohlraums, make cuts in the delicate polymer parts of the hohlraum, and drill holes in the capsules to enable them to be filled with fuel. Lasers investigated in this work include 193 nm ArF and 248 nm KrF excimers and 810 nm chirped-pulse amplification Ti:Sapphire lasers. The excimer lasers showed a definite advantage in drilling and machining of polymeric materials and the ultrashort infrared pulses of the Ti:Sapphire laser were far better for the gold structures.
Optical performance study of BSI image sensor with stacked grid structure

Stacked grid structure is implemented into back-side illumination (BSI) image sensors and device performance for various grid design including dimension and height has been investigated. Simulated angular response shows less quantum efficiency (QE) degradation in large incident angle and SNR-10 has a ∼10% improvement for devices with stacked grid structure.
Five Essential Practices for Communication: The Work of Instructional Coaches.

AbstractThe work of instructional coaches, both general and discipline-specific, has become increasingly important as more schools rely on their leadership for improvements in teaching and learning. Much of their work hinges upon their effective communication with teachers and school administrators. This article outlines five practices for instructional coaches to use in order to achieve and maintain effective communication; these five practices draw upon the author's prior work as an instructional coach and upon her own research. The practices are presented by sharing the voices of three mathematics instructional coaches, their teacher colleagues, and their school administrators.
The Best GEO Daytime Spacecraft Charging Index

Absolute and differential charging have been the source of many spacecraft anomalies in GEO. Most anomalies occur just after the spacecraft has emerged from eclipse. An index that will predict the amount of charging a given spacecraft will undergo under daytime space weather conditions in GEO is important for spacecraft designers and operators to be able to prevent spacecraft anomalies. Previous authors have proposed that the best spacecraft charging indices are related to 1) the electron temperature in the plasma, 2) the high energy electron flux, and 3) the ratio of electron to ion fluxes. In this paper, Nascap-2k runs have been performed on a generic spacecraft model based on a real flying GEO spacecraft, with realistic geometry and materials, under several sets of realistic daytime GEO space plasma conditions to determine: 1) the best index of absolute (or frame) charging, 2) the best index for differential charging, and 3) the relationship between the charging potentials reached and the best charging index. It is shown that in all types of electron and ion spectra, the best charging index is the total thermal electron flux. Finally, the results are compared with measurements from the SCATHA and other satellites. It is hoped that the results found here will be adopted as standard in space weather satellite charging prediction software.
‘Equilibrium Oxide’ Features of the Simox Process

The equilibrium configuration produced when the SIMOX process is carried to the extreme of complete conversion of the silicon film to oxide is described. The thickness of the "equilibrium oxide" produced is modelled using a joined Gaussian approximation to the oxygen implant profile. The ‘equilibrium oxide’ for a 190KeV implant is investigated. This material is found to have a thickness of approximately 5400 angstroms, and to be a very homogeneous film with essentially stoichiometric SiO2 composition. The implications of this work for use of oxides in patterned SIMOX are discussed.
The Pain of Ruins: Croatian Architecture under Siege

The following Op Arch article concerns the destruction underway in the Republic of Croatia, formerly part of Yugoslavia. Since Professor Zaknic completed his article, the destruction has not abated, but increased and spread into Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the destruction of lives and buildings has been, if anything, greater. The world response to both tragedies has been, as Zaknic indicates, tepid, by contrast with the militant response to Sadam Hussein just a few months earlier, a telling reminder that neither people nor cultural monuments matter as much as oil in today's world. As with all wars, brutality begets brutality and atrocities have by now been committed by all sides. I hope that by the time this article appears, it will not be an account of an ongoing tragedy but rather a record of a past one. If not, I join with Professor Zaknic in urging JAE readers to urge their representatives in Congress to press for an immediate end to the fighting.
Cooling rates dependence of medium-range order development in C u 64 . 5 Z r 35 . 5 metallic glass

The atomic structure of metallic glasses (MGs) plays an important role in their properties. Numerous molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have revealed icosahedral short-range order (ISRO) as a dominant motif in Cu-Zr metallic glasses. However, the cooling rates utilized in most of the MD simulations (usually on the order of ${10}^{10--13}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{s}$) can be too high to allow the structure to relax into the actual structures. By performing a long sub-${T}_{g}$ annealing of the $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{64.5}\mathrm{Z}{\mathrm{r}}_{35.5}$ alloy model at 700 K up to $2.0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ using MD simulations, we systematically address the evolution of medium-range order (MRO) as the cooling rates in MD simulations approach the experimental cooling rates (usually ${10}^{3--6}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{s}$). By reducing the effective cooling rates to as low as $2.8\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{10}^{7}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{s}$, we found a significant enhancement of the ISRO and Bergman-type MRO. Comparing to the widely used face-, edge-, or vertex-sharing icosahedra, we propose that the Bergman-type MRO is a much more unambiguous metric to characterize the MRO in Cu-Zr MGs. By analyzing the network formed by interpenetrating icosahedra using the graphical theory, we show that the degree of interpenetration of the icosahedra centers increases with decreasing cooling rates. The network becomes aggressively assortative, indicating that higher degree nodes tend to cluster and form backbones in the MG. All these results show that the networks in the models prepared using lower cooling rates strongly deviate from a stringlike morphology.
Excision and Subsequent Treatment of a Leiomyoma From the Periventiduct of a Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi)

Abstract A 10-year-old female koi subspecies ( Cyprinus carpio ) was presented with bilateral, asymmetric, sessile masses of the periventiductal tissue. The owner had first observed the masses for approximately 1 year before seeking a veterinary evaluation of the fish. Over the past year, the sessile masses continued to grow and develop in size. An incisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia to further assess the abnormal tissue structures. Based on the histologic evaluation of the submitted biopsy sample, the growth was determined to be a benign spindle cell neoplasm. The koi also was diagnosed with a concurrent genital tract infection based on cytological examination of the reproductive tract fluid. Following transport to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for further evaluation, a coelomic ultrasound revealed local infiltration of the tissue to the surrounding tissue. To decrease the risks of recurrence following surgical debulking, chemotherapy was recommended to treat the tissue adjacent to the tumor. Cultures obtained from the genital pore resulted in the isolation of Aeromonas spp. susceptible to ceftiofur, which was elected as a preemptive antibiotic. Surgical debulking of the mass was performed, and bleomycin was administered intralesionally and at the periphery of the surgical site. The koi recovered successfully from anesthesia and was discharged later the same day and prescribed an analgesic regimen of meloxicam. After further histological examination of the submitted tissue samples from the periventiductal growths, the tumor was identified as a leiomyoma. No recurrence of the mass was detected 6 months following the surgical procedure and chemotherapy.
On Office Promotion in Eastern Jin Dynasty

Promotion was a common phenomenon in the ancient office system. During Wei,Jin,and Southern and Northern Dynasties,San Qi Chang Shi was one of the most important promotions.In Eastern Jin Dynasty,some important officials such as generals and governors would be awarded the promotion of "San Qi Chang Shi". Generally speaking,to high level official,promotion showed the special favor; to low level official,it can heighten their level.
Monoclonal antibody T-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Four patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome received bone marrow transplants (BMT) using monoclonal antibody T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical marrow from a family member donor. The patients did not receive a significantly larger inoculum of mature T cells than other recipients of T cell-depleted marrow transplants. All four patients achieved quick engraftment, and three of the four patients are alive and well today. The three living patients have all had a complete return of normal T-cell and B-cell function. Infectious complications in the surviving patients were minimal; however, all three experienced some degree of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Two of these three patients received GVHD prophylaxis. The patient not receiving GVHD prophylaxis experienced severe GVHD and had a difficult posttransplant course. The patient who did not survive was chronically ill before BMT, whereas the other patients were in relatively good health at the time of BMT. Since the majority of individuals with this disease lack a matched bone marrow donor, our results using partially matched donors suggest that a greater number of patients can be successfully treated for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and that outcome is related to control of GVHD and state of health before BMT. Marrow transplantation should be offered earlier in the disease course before the onset of major infectious problems.
Basic Problems and Concepts, and Heuristic Considerations

This chapter focuses on the subject of the optimal control theory. What primarily distinguishes the optimal control problems from other optimization problems of the general form is the nature of its set W , which is usually a subset of the Cartesian product of three sets: (1) the set of states, whose elements are usually functions with values in some vector space, (2) the set of control functions on some measure space T into some space R , and (3) the set of control parameters. The term control has been coined by Pontryagin and his collaborators within the context of problems defined by ordinary differential equations. Such problems have accounted, at least until very recently, for most of the research in the optimal control theory, and the term optimal control is frequently used in the narrow sense of optimal control theory of ordinary differential equations. However, optimal control problems defined by other functional equations are being increasingly investigated. They include optimal control problems involving delay-differential and functional-differential equations, integral equations, partial differential equations, and stochastic differential equations.
Modeling and Classifying Tip Dynamics of Growing Cells in Video

Plant biologists study pollen tubes to discover the functions of many proteins/ions and map the complex network of pathways that lead to an observable growth behavior. Many growth models have been proposed that address parts of the growth process: internal dynamics and cell wall dynamics, but they do not distinguish between the two types of growth segments: straight versus turning behavior. We propose a method of classifying segments of experimental videos by extracting features from the growth process during each interval. We use a stress–strain relationship to measure the extensibility in the tip region. A biologically relevant three-component Gaussian is used to model spatial distribution of tip extensibility and a second-order damping system is used to explain the temporal dynamics. Feature-based classification shows that the location of maximum tip extensibility is the most distinguishing feature between straight versus turning behavior.
Predictors of Morbidity & Mortality in Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Case Study in Rural Hospital of Karnataka

Organophosphorous pesticides poisoning can result from occupational, accidental or intentional exposure. Clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders Death is usually due to cardiovascular& respiratory failure. Material & methods : This case series was conducted in department Medicine AIMS, Bangalore from July 2013 to June 2014. Detailed history & clinical examination was done. Diagnosis of OP poisoning was based on clinical features, history of exposure to a known OP compound and low serum Achcholiesterase & pseudocholiesterase activity. Results : Out of one thirty three, one hundred and thirty (82.66%) patients ingested the compound, 23 (7.6%) & only three patients had dermal / inhaled exposure while spraying pesticides in rice fields. In our study female to male ratio in was 1: 3.2, age ranged from 13 to 50 years with mean age was 31.5 years. Acute complications were frequently noted and were related to morbidity & mortality. Most consistent clinical symptoms were miosis 93.6%, increased salivation 86.4%, anxiety and restlessness 82.7%, bronchospam 78.1% and incontinence in 58%. Conclusion : In OP acute complications are seen more frequently and are related to mortality & morbidity. The importance of rapid diagnosis, early and effective treatment should not be overlooked because patients who receive early& effective treatment generally will do better and have less complication and severity of poisoning. J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 3-7
What Is a Number

By now you understand the importance of precise language. The history of mathematics is, among other things, a story about the invention of ever-more-precise language and techniques to explore the abstract ideas required to model the physical world. New ideas force us to look back and more precisely re-define our old vocabulary. This might sound like tedious backtracking, but it has been a driving force that has sparked some of the greatest breakthroughs in mathematics.
Blinatumomab exposure and pharmacodynamic response in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

3051 Background: Blinatumomab (AMG 103) is an investigational, bispecific, T cell engaging (BiTE) antibody targeting CD19-expressing B cells. We describe the exposure-pharmacodynamic (PD) response ...
The effects of green infrastructure on exceedance of critical shear stress in Blunn Creek watershed

Green infrastructure (GI) has attracted city planners and watershed management professional as a new approach to control urban stormwater runoff. Several regulatory enforcements of GI implementation created an urgent need for quantitative information on GI practice effectiveness, namely for sediment and stream erosion. This study aims at investigating the capability and performance of GI in reducing stream bank erosion in the Blackland Prairie ecosystem. To achieve the goal of this study, we developed a methodology to represent two types of GI (bioretention and permeable pavement) into the Soil Water Assessment Tool, we also evaluated the shear stress and excess shear stress for stream flows in conjunction with different levels of adoption of GI, and estimated potential stream bank erosion for different median soil particle sizes using real and design storms. The results provided various configurations of GI schemes in reducing the negative impact of urban stormwater runoff on stream banks. Results showed that combining permeable pavement and bioretention resulted in the greatest reduction in runoff volumes, peak flows, and excess shear stress under both real and design storms. Bioretention as a stand-alone resulted in the second greatest reduction, while the installation of detention pond only had the least reduction percentages. Lastly, results showed that the soil particle with median diameter equals to 64 mm (small cobbles) had the least excess shear stress across all design storms, while 0.5 mm (medium sand) soil particle size had the largest magnitude of excess shear stress. The current study provides several insights into a watershed scale for GI planning and watershed management to effectively reduce the negative impact of urban stormwater runoff and control streambank erosion.
Differentiating between clinical and behavioral phenotypes in first-episode psychosis during maintenance of visuospatial working memory.

Abstract Introduction We probed the neural basis of working memory in individuals with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and assessed how these neural abnormalities are associated with behavioral performance and/or core to psychosis pathophysiology. Methods FEP (N = 35) and matched controls (N = 25) performed a visuospatial working memory task during fMRI acquisition. We isolated neural activity during the maintenance period and examined neural activity within regions typically engaged during a working memory task. Functional connectivity estimates were derived using psychophysiological interaction analysis. We examined correlations between brain function and behavioral performance and clinical symptomatology. Results FEP had reduced accuracy and slower reaction times compared to controls (p Conclusion WM impairment in psychosis may be specific to abnormalities in the ability of frontal systems processing executive commands (DLPFC) and monitoring performance (dACC) during the maintenance of information. Our results add to accumulating evidence indicating that DLPFC abnormalities may be core to psychosis psychopathology. We also provide new insights regarding how DLPFC abnormalities may undermine dACC processing during the maintenance of information.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Metastasis

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths; therefore, the prevention and treatment of metastasis are fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionarily conserved developmental program, has been implicated in carcinogenesis and confers metastatic properties upon cancer cells by enhancing mobility, invasion, and resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, EMT-derived tumor cells acquire stem cell properties and exhibit marked therapeutic resistance. Given these attributes, the complex biological process of EMT has been heralded as a key hallmark of carcinogenesis, and targeting EMT pathways constitutes an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. However, demonstrating the necessity of EMT for metastasis in vivo has been technically challenging, and recent efforts to demonstrate a functional contribution of EMT to metastasis have yielded unexpected results. Therefore, determining the functional role of EMT in metastasis remains an area of active investigation. Studies using improved lineage tracing systems, dynamic in vivo imaging, and clinically relevant in vivo models have the potential to uncover the direct link between EMT and metastasis. This review focuses primarily on recent advances in and emerging concepts of the biology of EMT in metastasis in vivo and discusses future directions in the context of novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
A case series of transplant recipients who despite immunosuppression developed inflammatory bowel disease

Objectives We describe 14 patients who developed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after transplantation despite immunosuppression. Methods Using an electronic medical archival retrieval system, records of 6800 liver and kidney transplant patients were searched for evidence of IBD. The pathology was reviewed, and infectious etiologies were excluded. Results Fourteen patients developed IBD after transplantation. Twelve patients had undergone liver transplantation, and two kidney transplantation. Four had transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis; four for non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis; two for primary sclerosing cholangitis; one for giant cell hepatitis; one for biliary atresia; one for polycystic kidney disease; and one for obstructive uropathy. Mean age at development of IBD was 38 yr. Mean time to development of IBD after transplantation was 4 yr. Endoscopically there were two cases limited to the left side, eight of pancolitis, of which one had terminal ileal disease, and four of patchy colitis. Histology was consistent with ulcerative colitis in nine patients and Crohn's disease in five. Patients with ulcerative colitis either responded and remained in remission on maintenance therapy (seven of nine) or were refractory and required a colectomy (two of nine). Patients with Crohn's disease continued to have flares despite treatment (five of five). Conclusion 1) New onset IBD can develop after solid organ transplantation, despite use of immunosuppressive therapy. 2) A full spectrum of IBD can be seen after transplantation. 3) Study of these patients could shed light on why immunosuppression is not uniformly effective for IBD and provide clues to the inflammatory determinants of IBD.