cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
State estimation for non-linear uncertain systems: a design based on properties related to the uncertainty bound

Observers for non-linear uncertain dynamical systems are proposed. The non-linearity and uncertainty in the systems are assumed to be bounded. The bound is however unknown. The observer contains an adaptive scheme designed to accommodate the uncertainty. The design of the observer is only based on certain functional properties of the bound. No statistical information about the uncertainty needs to be assumed or utilized.
Crime and Punishment in Communist Czechoslovakia: The Case of General Heliodor Píka and his Prosecutor Karel Vaš 1

Abstract Shortly after the Communist Putsch in February 1948, General Heliodor Pika, deputy chief of the general staff and former head of the Military Mission in the USSR, was arrested by the Communist‐controlled security services and accused of high treason as a British spy. He was to be sentenced on trumped‐up charges and executed in 1949. This was the beginning of bloody purges in Czechoslovakia under the Communist regime. The story becomes more complex, allowing a rare insight into the mechanism of pseudo‐justice in that country, by the fate of Pika's prosecutor, Karel Vas, who alternates in the role of crime perpetrator and crime victim.
‘I hereby come out’: What sort of speech act is coming out?

The process of coming out linguistically as a lesbian or as a gay man is occasionally referred to as a speech act (e.g. Harvey 1997: 72; Liang 1997: 293). This analogy is taken as a starting point to explore the extent to which coming out is a performative act, and what sort of speech act coming out may be. The discussion draws on the perspective of both the speaker and the hearer to consider how the acts involved in coming out are open to interpretation. Parallels are drawn between the act of coming out as a lesbian or a gay man and other instances of self–disclosure or of individuals’ constructions of new facets of their identities.
What is the Future of Surgical Treatment of Obesity; What Will be the Place of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery?

There is focused awareness of severe obesity, its health risk and possible solutions. Yet there remains confusion and skepticism among the medical profession over therapeutic action. Basic questions unanswered project futility toward solving the problem, while the general public is driven toward unsound solutions which are costly. A cloud of cynicism pervades for those seeking to control this problem surgically. The problem will persist. Its health risks increasingly will demand attention, and solution will be sought by surgical means which is the only control for comorbidity, but does not cure severe obesity. Pressure to totally control excess weight results in undesirable sideeffects. Careful judgement must be used. New insight is desperately needed to understand severe obesity, its etiology and pathophysiology. This insight is likely to come from careful observations of those engaged in its control. Surgical control, profound in its success, provides a model that should lead to more complete understanding of severe obesity, as in the example of “Burns-The Universal Trauma Model.” Those experienced and engaged in this work show courage in this orphan field of endeavour. They lead the way as general surgeons and gastrointestinal surgeons with broad application of knowledge for this model. This society will continue to focus the expertise and the opportunities in this area. The future predicted is exciting and demanding.
An intraoral positive-pressure device for treatment of trismus

Trismus is a challenging clinical problem that may result from several different causes. The dentist may choose from a wide spectrum of treatment modalities, depending on the severity of the individual case and the health and cooperation of the patient. An individual course of treatment must be planned for each patient. It is important to monitor the treatment closely for effectiveness of the therapy and to ensure the patient's compliance. Treatment should be modified as necessary, according to the patient's progress. We have described an intraoral dynamic device that may be used as part of a treatment program and that enhances patient compliance as compared to traditional extraoral devices.
Solution NMR structures of productive and non-productive complexes between the A and B domains of the cytoplasmic subunit of the mannose transporter of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system

Abstract Solution structures of complexes between the isolated A (IIAMan) and B (IIBMan) domains of the cytoplasmic component of the mannose transporter of Escherichia coli have been solved by NMR. The complex of wild-type IIAMan and IIBMan is a mixture of two species comprising a productive, phosphoryl transfer competent complex and a non-productive complex with the two active site histidines, His-10 of IIAMan and His-175 of IIBMan, separated by ∼25A. Mutation of the active site histidine, His-10, of IIAMan to a glutamate, to mimic phosphorylation, results in the formation of a single productive complex. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of both wild-type and H10E IIAMan to IIBMan are approximately the same (KD ∼ 0.5 mm). The productive complex can readily accommodate a transition state involving a pentacoordinate phosphoryl group with trigonal bipyramidal geometry bonded to the Nϵ2 atom of His-10 of IIAMan and the Nδ1 atom of His-175 of IIBMan with negligible (<0.2A) local backbone conformational changes in the immediate vicinity of the active site. The non-productive complex is related to the productive one by a ∼90° rotation and ∼37A translation of IIBMan relative to IIAMan, leaving the active site His-175 of IIBMan fully exposed to solvent in the non-productive complex. The interaction surface on IIAMan for the non-productive complex comprises a subset of residues used in the productive complex and in both cases involves both subunits of IIAMan. The selection of the productive complex by IIAMan(H10E) can be attributed to neutralization of the positively charged Arg-172 of IIBMan at the center of the interface. The non-productive IIAMan-IIBMan complex may possibly be relevant to subsequent phosphoryl transfer from His-175 of IIBMan to the incoming sugar located on the transmembrane IICMan-IIDMan complex.
Soviet youth and the politics of popular culture during NEP

(1992). Soviet youth and the politics of popular culture during NEP. Social History: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 189-201.
Cell entry by human pathogenic arenaviruses.

Summary The arenaviruses Lassa virus (LASV) in Africa and Machupo (MACV), Guanarito (GTOV) and Junin viruses (JUNV) in South America cause severe haemorrhagic fevers in humans with fatality rates of 15–35%. The present review focuses on the first steps of infection with human pathogenic arenaviruses, the interaction with their cellular receptor molecules and subsequent entry into the host cell. While similarities exist in genomic organization, structure and clinical disease caused by pathogenic Old World and New World arenaviruses these pathogens use different primary receptors. The Old World arenaviruses employ α-dystroglycan, a cellular receptor for proteins of the extracellular matrix, and the human pathogenic New World arenaviruses use the cellular cargo receptor transferrin receptor 1. While the New World arenavirus JUNV enters cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis, evidence occurred for clathrin-independent entry of the prototypic Old World arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Upon internalization, arenaviruses are delivered to the endosome, where pH-dependent membrane fusion is mediated by the envelope glycoprotein (GP). While arenavirus GPs share characteristics with class I fusion GPs of other enveloped viruses, unusual mechanistic features of GP-mediated membrane fusion have recently been discovered for arenaviruses with important implications for viral entry.
Carcinoid tumor of the prostate associated with adenocarcinoma

A case of carcinoid tumor associated with adenocarcinoma arising in the prostate was studied. The results confirmed the presence of argentaffin cells. The significance of their presence and relationship to functional adenocarcinoma of the prostate are discussed.
An evaluation of lower-body functional limitations among long-term survivors of 11 different types of cancers.

BACKGROUND: The authors examined potential reasons (sociodemographics, psychologic distress, health behavior, chronic health conditions, access to medical care) for increased prevalence of lower-body functional limitations among long-term (≥5 years) cancer survivors. METHODS: The authors used National Health Interview Survey data from 2005 through 2007, and defined lower-body functional limitation as reporting difficulty/inability to perform at least 1 of 5 activities (walking approximately one–quarter of a mile; walking up and down 10 steps without rest; standing for 2 hours; stooping, crouching, or kneeling; and lifting 10 lbs). Increased prevalence of lower-body functional limitations was compared between long-term survivors of each of 11 cancer types reported by ≥50 respondents (n = 2143) and persons without cancer history (controls; n = 72,618). RESULTS: Among cancer survivors, 57.0% had a lower-body functional limitation versus 26.6% of controls. The unadjusted prevalence of lower-body functional limitations varied by cancer type, ranging from 44.9% (lymphoma survivors) to 88.8% (lung cancer survivors). Long-term lung (odds ratio [OR], 7.91), uterine (OR, 2.41), thyroid (OR, 2.27), cervical (OR, 1.76), ovarian (OR, 1.75), and breast (OR, 1.35) cancer survivors had increased odds of reporting a lower-body functional limitation than controls after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (all P < .05). Differences in the prevalence of arthritis and lower-back pain and in access to medical care explained differences in lower-body functional limitation prevalence between controls and long-term breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer survivors. Long-term bladder, colorectal, lymphoma, melanoma, and prostate cancer survivors were equally likely to report a lower-body functional limitation as controls. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of arthritis and lower–back pain and increasing access to medical care might help reduce the risk of lower-body functional limitations and improve quality of life among specific long-term cancer survivors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Is International Relations a Discipline

IS INTERNATIONAL relations a distinctive discipline-different from sociology, for instance, in the same way in which sociology is distinctive from political science or economics? Can it be studied independently, or must it be studied as a sub-discipline of some other discipline such as political science? Is the subject matter of international relations susceptible to disciplinary study in some coherent fashion or is it a mere grab bag from which we pick and choose according to momentary interests and to which we can apply no coherent theory, sets of generalizations, or standardized methods? That we are asked to discuss the topic "Is International Relations a Discipline?" is indicative of a state of unease in the profession. One would find it difficult to imagine similar questions asked of economics, sociology, or political science in general. The practitioners in these fields assume that they practice a discipline and turn their attention immediately to the important substantive and methodological questions raised by their subject matter. They may be concerned with the proper methods of conducting research but not with their title to conduct research. The difficulties that cause students of international relations to raise such a fundamental question must be sought, I believe, in the nature of the subject matter and the history of the discipline. Before raising the problem in a more general way, I should like briefly and in an over-simplified fashion to mention one aspect of the history of international relations studies that is perhaps in part responsible for this state of affairs. When political science separated itself from historical or legal studies, it turned to factual studies of existing political institutions. Then it began to raise questions about comparative institutional differences and to study the inter-relationships between different kinds and levels of political organizations. When interdisciplinary political scientists came on the scene, they were able to apply their theories and insights to an established body of factual data and an established body of theory. Although in their time, they were controversial, they enriched both our factual knowledge and our theoretical understanding. They permitted us to de-
Acid orcein-iron and acid orcein-copper stains for elastin.

Paraffin sections of formol-fixed tissues stained 4–18 hr in 70% alcohol containing 1% orcein and 1% of concentrated (12 N) HCl by volume yield the familiar purple brown elastin and red nuclei on a pink background. When sections so stained are transferred directly from the stain to 70% alcohol containing 0.02% ferric chloride (FeCl3·6 H2O) or 0.02% copper sulfate (CuSO4·5 H2O) for a 15 sec to 3 min period, elastin coloration is changed to black or reddish black and chromatin staining to reddish black. The procedure can be counterstained with picro-methyl blue to yield blue collagen and reticulum or with our flavianic acid, ferric chloride, acid fuchsin mixture to give deep yellow background and deep red collagen.
CMOS-Compatible Encapsulated Silver Bandpass Filters

This paper presents the design, implementation, and characterization of low insertion loss (IL) encapsulated silver bandpass filters for radio frequency integrated circuits. The effect of the metal and the substrate loss on the performance of the filter is investigated. A polymer-encapsulated third-order elliptic filter shows an embedded insertion loss of 1.9 dB at 1.2 GHz with a bandwidth of 300 MHz.
Improving the design of accessible web pages through a study of user experience in order to define requirements

An accessible web page is considered one which meets the framework determined by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) meets the conditions WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative) which provides the regulations (WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).The study is based on the information gathered from a project carried out on handicapped users [1] (according to the OMS classification [2]). A task-based test assessed their navigation from an AA (double A) accessible web page (this being the accessibility level accepted under Spanish law).The analysis of the date highlights accessibility versus user experience and user experience versus the autonomy of the user to navigate. Once the results are obtained, they are analysed and used for a second phase in which the design of the web page is created so that the page is accessible to users (considered user-friendly) and that the level of usability is considered satisfactory. These results, based on testing by handicapped users, have led to more positive results.The article is focuses on the comparison of a page created with accessibility in mind and a page which has been created with the aim of satisfying the users when aspects of content and graphic design were determined, while adhering to legal accessibility requirements.The accessibility validation cycle of the web has been analyzed through: an automatic validation process, a manual validation, a user-based validation, a review carried out by a specialist web consultant which shows the need to create a page which is designed, structured and whose content is adapted to the previously defined user requirements with the objective of creating an accessible user experience.
Uptake of small oxygenated organic molecules onto ammonium nitrate under upper tropospheric conditions.

The uptake of formic (C1), propanoic (C3), butanoic (C4), and pentanoic (C5) acids onto ammonium nitrate (AN) has been investigated as a function of temperature and relative humidity using a Knudse...
A Monoenergetic Neutrino Beam Using Current-Sheet Focusing Elements

A monoenergetic neutrino beam has been designed using specially shaped horn-like focusing devices and selectively located meson absorbers. The advantages of this beam are its good energy resolution, its high flux for neutrino energies below ~100 GeV, its simple layout and its low stored energy.
Regional anesthesia and obesity

The potential advantages of regional anesthesia include minimal airway intervention, less cardiopulmonary depression, excellent postoperative analgesia, less postoperative nausea and vomiting, and shorter recovery room and hospital stays. These concerns are particularly important for the obese surgical patient. This review discusses the application of regional anesthetic techniques in obesity. Further clinical studies are needed to fill the knowledge gap about regional anesthesia and outcome in obese and morbidly obese patients.
Psychosocial factors influencing weight control behavior of African American women.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to seek directly from college-educated African American women factors which they perceived influenced their individual weight control behavior, and those that influenced African American women collectively. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted, primarily in their homes, with 36African American women. Thirteen major categories were identified. Six factors that influenced the women's individual weight control behavior were emotions/feelings, beliefs, life events, self-control, discipline, and commitment. Perceived benefits of the behavior and perceived barriers to the behavior were influential in determining the attractiveness, the type, and the extent of the weight control behavior Five factors related to the African American culture were identified and described by the women. Recognition of psychosocial determinants of weight control behavior may enable health professionals to design unique interventions relevant to African American women.
3-Methylpentane and 3-methylheptane: Low-temperature thermodynamic properties

The low-temperature thermal properties of 3-methylpentane and 3-methylheptane were measured by adiabatic calorimetry from 10 to 330 K and 10 to 380K, respectively. Properties measured included the heat capacity of the condensed phases, enthalpy of fusion, triple point temperature, and purity of sample. The results were used to calculate the following thermodynamic functions at selected temperatures for the solid and liquid phases: − {Gs(T) − H°(0)}/T, {Hs(T) − H°(0)}/T, Hs(T) − H°(0), Ss, and Cs. The entropies in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K were computed, and methylene increments of 7.69 calth K−1 mol−1 for the liquid state and 9.23 calth K−1 mol−1 for the vapor state were derived. Crystallization of the 3-methylpentane sample was induced (apparently for the first time) by cooling the liquid through the liquid-to-glass transition temperature (about 77 K), followed by slow warming to temperatures between the transition and the triple point (110.25 K).
Where Do I Come From? Using Student’s Mitochondrial DNA to Teach About Phylogeny, Molecular Clocks, and Population Genetics

Phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence times, and population genetics are critical concepts for a complete understanding of evolution. Unfortunately, students generally lack “tree-thinking” skills and are often unmotivated to explore these concepts using typical classroom exercises that feature taxa unknown to students or simulated datasets. To generate greater student interest, we have developed an affordable practical lab ($16 dollars per student) where students extract and sequence their own mtDNA and use it for exercises involving phylogenetic reconstruction (placement of own DNA into the world tree), divergence (speciation) time (comparing current student population with chimps, gorillas, and Neanderthal), and population genetics (demographic change calculation based on student’s sample). In contrast to traditional labs, we found that students were highly motivated and enthusiastic throughout the four-week activity. Students had a 100% rate of success in obtaining DNA sequences and their evaluations report high satisfaction with the learning outcome. Here we provide all details and datasets needed to run the lab and discuss a series of assessments and possible exercises.
Are rents fully dissipated

Students of rent seeking have erred in focusing their attention exclusively on the analysis of competitions for exogenously specified transfers. When redistributive policies are treated as endogenous choices, it is clear that there are both incentives and opportunities for policymakers to design them in ways that prevent the wasteful dissipation of a large proportion of the intended transfers. An analytical framework that treats policy design in this way is capable of explaining a variety of common attributes of redistributive policies that are apparent anomalies under the traditional approach to rent seeking. Furthermore, we predict, and find supporting evidence, that authoritarian regimes tend to be associated with higher ratios of government revenue to total income than do democracies. We attribute this tendency to the substantially greater potential for dissipative competition for revenues under democracy than under dictatorship. Finally, available estimates of lobbying expenditures and rents transferred under the recent federal crude oil controls contradict the hypothesis that rents are fully or almost fully disspated through political competition.
Instability and decoupling in nuclear electronics

Abstract The instabilities which can occur in semiconductor electronics and the necessary decoupling to remove these instabilities and their effects are discussed, with particular reference to the present concept of modular electronic systems.
Bayesian Belief Network for Robust Engine Design and Architecture Selection

Designing propulsion system architectures to meet next generation requirements requires many tradeoffs be made. These trades are often between performance, risk, and cost. For example, the core of an engine is the most expensive and highest risk area of a propulsion system design. However, a new core design provides the greatest flexibility in meeting future performance requirements. The decision to upgrade or redesign the core must be justified by comparison with other lower risk options. Furthermore, for turboshaft applications, the choice of compressor, whether axial or centrifugal, is a major decision and trade with the choice being heavily driven by both current and projected weight and performance requirements. This problem is confounded by uncertainty in potential benefits of technologies or future performance of components. To address these issues this research proposes the use of a Bayesian belief network (BBN) to extend the more traditional robust engine design process. This is done by leveraging forward and backward inference to identify engine upgrade paths that are robust to uncertainty in requirements performance. Prior beliefs on the different scenarios and technology uncertainty can be used to quantify risk. Forward inference can be used to compare different scenarios.The problem will be demonstrated using a two-spool turboshaft architecture modeled using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) program. Upgrade options will include off the shelf, derivative engine (fixed core) with no technologies, derivative engine with new technologies, a new engine with no technologies, and a new engine with new technologies. The robust design process with a BBN will be used to identify which engine cycle and upgrade scenario is needed to meet performance requirements while minimizing cost and risk. To demonstrate how the choice of upgrade and cycle change with changes in requirements, studies are performed at different horsepower, ESFC, and power density requirements.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The experience of being an Asthma Amigo in a program to decrease asthma episodes in Hispanic children.

Asthma is the most common chronic illness among Latino children in urban areas. It is especially problematic for schools serving low-income and minority populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of being an Asthma Amigo, a community-based educator who delivered asthma education to a Hispanic community in a train-the-trainer educational model. Focus group process evaluation was used to assess participant experiences and program strengths and weaknesses. Findings suggested that being an Asthma Amigo helped in gaining entree into the community and in spreading the message of asthma triggers and prevention.
Heats of solution of the thorium nitrate hydrates in water and in certain organic solvents

Abstract Heats of solution of thorium nitrate pentahydrate and tetrahydrate in water and in a number of oxygenated organic solvents have been measured. The relative values of the heats of solution are found approximately to parallel the base strengths of the solvents as established by previously reported heat-of-solution measurements for 2 : 1 salts, and by other established criteria.
Connective technology as a strategic tool for building effective supply chain

A strategic perspective on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), an important connective technology for building effective supply chain for the consumer products is presented. Suppliers are cautiously responding to the retailers' demands in implementing this technology. The primary question for the industry is which immediate or near term RFID initiatives can produce positive return on investment. Industry survey in which participants rate the validity of various research suppositions derived from industrial experts provides basic understanding of the issues involved. An analytical model of RFID technology deployment using Wal-Mart RFID compliance example illustrates how lower shipment processing costs and lead times result in smaller cycle inventory and safety stocks.
Erratum: In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of submillisecond T2 species with 2D and 3D radial sequences and applications to the measurement of cortical bone-water. Aranee techawiboonwong, Hee Kwon Song and Felix W. Wehrli

In-Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submillisecond T2 Species with 2D and 3D Radial Sequences and Applications to the Measurement of Cortical Bone-Water, Aranee Techawiboonwong, Hee Kwon Song and Felix W. Wehrli, published online 16 May 2007 in Wiley Interscience, www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/nbm. DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1179. It has been noted that equation 2 is incorrect, please see the correct equation below: (2) The article shall be corrected prior to print publication.
Respiratory protection against airborne nanoparticles: a review

As a precautionary measure, it is often recommended that workers take steps to reduce their exposure to airborne nanoparticles through the use of respiratory protective devices. The purpose of this study was to provide a review and analysis of the research literature and current recommendations on respirators used for protection against nanoparticles. Key research findings were that studies with particles as small as 4 nm have shown that conventional single-fiber filtration theory can be used to describe the filtration performance of respirators and that the most penetrating particle size for respirators equipped with commonly used electrostatic filter media is in the range of 30-100 nm. Future research needs include human laboratory and workplace protection factor studies to measure the respirator total inward leakage of nanoparticles. Industrial hygienists and safety professionals should continue to use traditional respirator selection guidance for workers exposed to nanoparticles.
TESTICULAR ULTRASONOGRAPHY (US) DEMONSTRATING HETEROTOPIC ADRENAL-LIKE TISSUE (HALT) IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (CAH)

HALT has been reported in male pts with CAH. We have examined 15 male adolescents and young adults with CAH aged 11.9 -36 yrs. Size, shape and firmness of the testes were assessed clinically and US was performed at least once in each pt. Seven pts, all under long standing treatment with glucocorticoids, showed abnormal results by US (group I); and B pts, 5 under treatment and 3 off treatment for several yrs, showed normal results (group II). In group I testes had normal volume (9-15ml), felt hard and had irregular shape. On US there was an abnormal heterogeneous pattern. Sperm count obtained in 3 pts was 5.0 to 17.4 × 106/ml. Biopsy in 1 pt confirmed the presence of HALT. Five pts have 21-hydroxylase deficiency diagnosed in early infancy because of manifest salt loss; 2 pts have 11-β-hydroxylase deficiency diagnosed late (2 and 5 yrs). In group II testicular volume (6-18ml), shape and firmness were normal, and US revealed a normal homgeneous pattern. All pts have 21-hydroxylase deficiency, no history of salt loss and were diagnosed late (3-7 yrs). Sperm counts in 3 pts off treatment were 10.5, 20.0 and 66.0 × 106/ml.
What versus how in naturally selected representations

Empty judgements appear to be about something, and inaccurate judgements to report something. Naturalism tries to explain these appearances without positing non-real objects or states of affairs. Biological naturalism explains that the false and the empty are tokens which fail to perform the function proper to their biological type. But if truth is a biological "supposed to", we should expect designs that achieve it only often enough. The sensory stimuli which trigger the frog's gulp-launching signal may be a poor guide to the signal's content. Teleosemantics should be anti-verificationist.
Mad Men as Health Communication: Health-Related Themes in the Hit AMC Television Series

As a popular contemporary text, the appeal of cable television’s Mad Men (AMC) lies in its capacity to highlight the differences between 1960s sensibilities and 21st-century assumptions. Viewers can enjoy a sense of superiority by recognizing the “folly” of the beliefs and actions of the characters with the benefit of historic hindsight, as well as noting the evolution of technology, philosophy, and human rights. Health-related scenes and themes in the series are a particularly interesting focus for analysis. We employ Burke’s four master tropes as an analytical lens and argue that the dominant dramatic technique of irony, particularly in the form that we call strategic anachronism—derived from an audience’s enjoyment of historical hindsight—highlights the racism, sexism, homophobia, and overall conservatism of the early 1960s while simultaneously serving to obfuscate the ways in which we still have much to critique in the delivery of contemporary health care and other body politics.
Prophylaxis with Sirolimus and Tacrolimus ± Antithymocyte Globulin Reduces the Risk of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease without an Overall Survival Benefit Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Methotrexate (MTX) is a standard agent used in combination with calcineurin inhibitors for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell (HCT) transplantation. We retrospectively compared the incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD), transplant-related morbidity, and mortality in patients given sirolimus/tacrolimus ± antithymocyte globulin (ATG) versus MTX/tacrolimus or cyclosporine and allogeneic transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Between January 1, 2005, and April 30, 2009, 106 consecutive patients received peripheral blood HCT or bone marrow grafts after 1 of 6 myeloablative conditioning regimens. The incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD was 18.6% in patients who received sirolimus/tacrolimus compared to 48.9% who received MTX (P = .001). The incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was 5% and 17% (P = .045), respectively. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (P = .160). Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) occurred in 40.4% who received sirolimus and 41.9% receiving MTX (P = .89). The incidence of thrombotic microangiopathy or interstitial pneumonitis was not significantly different between groups. The reduction in the risk of severe aGVHD was offset by an increased (20% versus 4%, P = .015) incidence of and mortality from sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS). Sirolimus/tacrolimus appears to reduce the incidence of aGVHD after conventional allotransplantion compared to MTX-calcineurin inhibitor prophylaxis; however, this did not improve survival.
The 30S ribosomal P site: a function of 16S rRNA

The 30S ribosomal P site serves several functions in translation. It must specifically bind initiator tRNA during formation of the 30S initiation complex; bind the anticodon stem–loop of peptidyl-tRNA during the elongation phase; and help to maintain the translational reading frame when the A site is unoccupied. Early experiments provided evidence that 16S rRNA was an important component of the 30S P site. Footprinting and crosslinking studies later implicated specific nucleotides in interactions with tRNA. The crystal structures of the 30S subunit and 70S ribosome–tRNA complexes confirmed the interactions between 16S rRNA and tRNA, but also revealed contacts between tRNA and the C-terminal tails of proteins S9 and S13. Deletion of these tails now shows that the 16S rRNA contacts alone are sufficient to support protein synthesis in living cells.
Molteno implantation for secondary glaucomas associated with advanced epithelial ingrowth.

Abstract Nine patients with advanced epithelial ingrowth underwent Molteno implantation for medically uncontrollable secondary glaucomas. Substantial reductions in intraocular pressures (IOPs) were observed in most patients (preoperative IOPs ranged from 5 to 48 mmHg [mean ± standard deviation, 33.6 ± 14.6 mmHg]; postoperative IOPs ranged from 10 to 30 mmHg [mean ± standard deviation, 16.0 ± 6.5 mmHg]); follow-up ranged from 9 to 47 months (mean ± standard deviation, 18.8 ± 12.1 months). Seven (78%) patients had final postoperative IOPs of less than 22 mmHg, five (56%) retained formed vision (visual acuity of at least 1/200), and six (67%) remained comfortable. Postoperative complications related to Molteno implantation included one case each of: conjunctival wound leak, vitreous-tube block, tube-cornea touch, and iris-tube block (or tube retraction). Complications attributed to epithelial ingrowth included five cases of corneal decompensation with band keratopathy. Molteno implantation is an effective technique for palliative treatment of secondary glaucomas associated with advanced epithelial ingrowth, frequently maintaining modest vision and comfort in eyes in which the intraocular epithelialization is too extensive for surgical removal and/or destruction.
Chromosome breakage in Fanconi's anemia and normal cells following in vitro and in vivo cocultivation

Studies of Fanconi's anemia (FA) have been in conflict as to the existence of a clastogenic factor. Two male FA patients who received bone marrow transplants were studied. One FA patient received a transplant from his normal sister whose engrafted lymphocytes showed spontaneous, as well as diepoxybutane (DEB)-induced chromosome breakage in the normal range. The second FA patient received a transplant from his obligate heterozygous mother whose engrafted lymphocytes exhibited increased spontaneous chromosome breakage but not in response to DEB treatment. In vitro cocultivation of FA and FA heterozygous lymphocytes and of FA and normal lymphocytes showed chromosome breakage levels consistent with their genotypes. These results suggest that no detectable clastogenic factor is produced by FA cells.
Test beam results from the CDF plug upgrade calorimeter

Abstract This report describes the performance of the CDF Plug Upgrade calorimeter measured at the Fermilab Meson Beam line. A 60° section of the Electromagnetic and Hadronic calorimeters has been exposed to e+, π+ and μ+ beams. We determine an energy resolutions of σ(E)/E=15.5%/ E for the Electromagnetic and σ(E)/E=78%/ E ⊕ 5.3% for the Hadronic Calorimeters (E measured in GeV). The linearity in the response is within specifications. The uniformity of transverse response is 1.6% for e+ and 2.3% for π+. The Shower Maximum Detector, instrumenting the EM calorimeter, provides a position resolution of 1 mm for e+ energies above 50 GeV. The detector calibration system, based on a set of movable 137Cs sources, is able to track the energy scale at the level of ∼1−2%.
Young children's free responses to anomalous commands

Abstract Twelve children, 21–34 months old, six in R. Brown's Stage I and six in Stages II and III, responded to commands varying in length, grammaticality, and meaning. All of the children responded significantly less often when the commands were situationally anomalous and/or ungrammatical. Results failed to replicate the results of E. Shipley, E. Smith, and L. Gleitman (Language, 1969 , 44, 332–342) and J. Wetstone and B. Friedlander (Child Development, 1973 , 44, 743–750). The results also suggest that young children rely heavily upon situational cues in their earliest comprehension of adult speech, and this supports arguments made by J. Strohner and K. Nelson (Child Development, 45, 567–576) and R. Chapman and J. Miller (Journal of Speech and Hearing, 1975 , 18, 355–371). Since subjects rely upon nonlinguistic cues to respond appropriately, syntactic competence cannot be inferred from apparent comprehension.
Meaningfulness (m′) values for 300 CCCs

Normative values are given for the rated meaningfulness (m′) of 300 consonant-consonant-consonant trigrams (CCCs). The CCCs were selected from the entire range of association values in Witmer (1935). Thus, they represent a greater range than Costantini and Blackwood’s (1968) norms and are more current than the Witmer norms.
Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Dynamic Changes in the Plasma Membrane During Arabidopsis Immune Signaling

The plant plasma membrane is a crucial mediator of the interaction between plants and microbes. Understanding how the plasma membrane proteome responds to diverse immune signaling events will lead to a greater understanding of plant immunity and uncover novel targets for crop improvement. Here we report the results from a large scale quantitative proteomics study of plasma membrane-enriched fractions upon activation of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor RPS2. More than 2300 proteins were identified in total, with 1353 proteins reproducibly identified across multiple replications. Label-free spectral counting was employed to quantify the relative protein abundance between different treatment samples. Over 20% of up-regulated proteins have known roles in plant immune responses. Significantly changing proteins include those involved in calcium and lipid signaling, membrane transport, primary and secondary metabolism, protein phosphorylation, redox homeostasis, and vesicle trafficking. A subset of differentially regulated proteins was independently validated during bacterial infection. This study presents the largest quantitative proteomics data set of plant immunity to date and provides a framework for understanding global plasma membrane proteome dynamics during plant immune responses.
Cervicothalamic tract in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract Lesions involving the nucleus cervicalis lateralis (NCL) were attempted in 5 monkeys. In Marchi preparations of the first two cervical segments of the spinal cord and brain, a degenerated fiber bundle was observed, crossing immediately at the level of the lesion to the contralateral ventral funiculus via the ventral white commissure. The tract maintained its position lateral to the pyramid throughout its medullary course and intimately attached to the inferior olive. It joined and occupied the lateral portion of the medial lemniscus at pontine and mesencephalic levels. The cervicothalamic tract in the brain stem of the monkey, as in the carnivores, has a discrete and separate course along with medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract. The fibers of the cervicothalamic tract terminate in the caudal portion of the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, occupying its ventral aspect.
On the nature of polymer interfacesd and interphases

Courte revue de l'etat actuel de la connaissance des phenomenes d'interfaces dans les polymeres
To breathe, perchance not to wake?

in the present issue of the Journal of Applied Physiology , Younes et al. ([10][1]) provide direct support for their hypothesis that “in most OSA [obstructive sleep apnea] patients non-arousal mechanisms are capable of restoring upper airway patency if given the chance.” They show that in up to
Thermal Latency in Radiofrequency Ablation

Background Progression of unintentionally induced atrioventricular delay is occasionally observed directly after termination of radiofrequency delivery in the vicinity of the atrioventricular node. We postulated that the application of a radiofrequency pulse may result in a tissue temperature rise that continues after the pulse. Methods and Results Using the thigh muscle preparation, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-second pulses were applied at 30 to 40 W via a standard 4-mm tip electrode with 10-g contact pressure. Forty-one undisturbed pulses were delivered while recording intramural temperatures at 2-, 4-, and 7-mm depth. Maximal “thermal latency” was observed with the shortest pulse duration and at greatest depth. With 5-second applications, tissue temperature at 7-mm depth peaked 11.6 seconds after termination of radiofrequency delivery and stayed above end-of-pulse value as long as 34.5 seconds after the pulse. The additional rise in tissue temperature was 2.9°C. If only recordings within the lesion border zon...
SHOCK WAVES IN THE HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Numerical simulations of a family of steady-state electron shock waves (parametrized by the amount of heat conduction) in a one micron Si semiconductor device at 77 K are presented, using a steady-state upwind method. The electron shock wave has a finite width which scales linearly with the amount of heat conduction.
Phase Aberrations And Beam Cleanup Techniques In Carbon-Dioxide Laser Fusion Systems

This paper describes the various carbon dioxide laser fusion systems at Los Alamos from the point of view of an optical designer. The types of phase aberrations present in these systems, as well as the beam cleanup techniques that can be used to improve the beam optical quality, are discussed. As this is a review article, some previously published results are also used where relevant.
Multistatic SAR algorithm with image combination

This paper presents a flexible spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation algorithm that can be applied to multistatic configurations allowing the formation and combination of images from multiple passive receivers. Multiple receivers collecting radar returns at different angles can provide better detection against reduced radar cross section (RCS) objects and objects able to spread energy in many directions. A specialized time-frequency algorithm with selective matched filtering was developed for the monostatic case and extended to multiple passive receiver (multistatic) scenarios. The algorithm meets stringent geometric fidelity requirements necessary for combining images from multiple platforms imaging the scene and is shown to produce good results for both side-looking (broadside) and forward-looking (squinted) spotlight geometries. Simulations were used to test and validate the algorithms against both point reflectors and a simulated realistic scene for varying platform geometry/trajectory combinations.
Improved Bellini-Tartara lower bound for parameter estimation

Chazan-Zakai-Ziv (1975) or Bellini-Tartara (1974) lower bound on the mean-square-error (MSE) in parameter estimation is one of the tightest available bounds. It is a Bayesian bound applicable to estimation of scaler random variables with uniform prior distributions. The goal of this paper is to extend the Bellini-Tartara bound to vectors of random variables with arbitrary prior distributions and to establish a simple proof for the bound. >
Application of topology abstraction techniques in multi-domain optical networks

As DWDM networks proliferate there is a growing need to address the issue of distributed interdomain lightpath provisioning. Although inter-domain provisioning has been well-studied for packet/cellswitching networks, the wavelength dimension presents many additional challenges. This paper develops a novel hierarchical GMPLS-based framework for provisioning all-optical and opto-electronic multi-domain DWDM networks. In particular, several topology abstraction schemes are proposed for aggregating domain-level state to improve routing scalability and lower inter-domain blocking. Inter-domain lightpath RWA and signaling schemes are also tabled. Performance analysis results are presented along with directions for future work.
Support-Seeking and Closeness Across Social Relationships: Relationship-General and Relationship-Specific Levels Analysis

The current study examined whether interpersonal behaviors and perceptions could be conceptualized and measured as relationship-general versus relationship-specific tendencies. To address this goal, we examined (1) the similarities (or concordance) in support-seeking across individuals’ social relationships and (2) how support-seeking may be related to relationship closeness at the relationship-general and relationship-specific levels. Participants were recruited from a regional university and granted course credits for participation. The final sample included 189 undergraduate students with age ranging from 18 to 21 years (M = 18.81; SD = .95), with a total of 66% females and 87% White-Americans. Results suggest that individuals expressed similar rates of support-seeking across parental, best-friend, and romantic relationships. Supporting our hypotheses, a relationship-general correlation suggests that individuals who are more likely to seek social support also perceived their social relationships as generally more intimate. Controlling for relationship-general tendencies, results also suggest that support-seeking was related to relationship closeness for each type of relationship. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Wound complications after distal humerus fracture fixation: incidence, risk factors, and outcome

Background This study set out to accurately determine the incidence of wound complications after distal humerus fracture fixation, to assess risk factors, and to determine their implications on outcome. Methods Eighty-nine distal humerus fractures (mean patient age, 58 years) were treated with internal fixation at an average of 4 days after injury. Mean follow-up time was 15 months (range, 6-72 months). Twenty-nine (33%) fractures were open. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to determine wound complications. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine associated risk factors. Results Fourteen patients (15.7%) developed a major wound complication requiring on average 2.5 (range, 1-6) additional surgical procedures. Six patients required plastic surgical soft tissue coverage. All 14 fractures complicated by wound problems united. The final mean range of motion in the major wound complication group was 100° (range, 65°-130°), compared with 100° (range, 10°-140°) in those with no or minor wound problems. Grade III open fractures and the use of a plate to stabilize the olecranon osteotomy were identified as significant risk factors for development of major wound complications. Conclusions The incidence of major wound complications after fixation of distal humerus fractures is substantial. The presence of a grade III open fracture and the use of an olecranon osteotomy stabilized with a plate are significant risk factors for major wound complications. Fracture healing rates and functional elbow range of motion do not appear to be affected by major wound complications when they are handled with proper soft tissue coverage techniques.