cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OFFSET COASTAL INLETS

Offset coastal inlets are common on the coasts of New England and the northern Gulf of Alaska In both areas, the dominant waves approach the shore at an oblique angle, resulting in a strong net littoral drift The most common type of offset on these coasts is a downdnft offset (l e , the downdnft side of the inlet protrudes further seaward than the updnft side) Wave refraction around the ebb-tidal deltas at the inlets is an important process in the formation of the downdnft offsets, inasmuch as it creates a local reversal in drift direction just downdnft of the inlet, and allows sediment to accumulate there Associated with the offset appears to be a segregation of tidal current flow in the inlets, with the ebb flow being more channelized than the flood The type of inlet offset at any one location can vary through time Studies of the changes at the Hampton Harbor, New Hampshire, inlet from 1776 to the present show two reversals from updnft to downdnft offsets during that interval.
Propagation of Olefin Metathesis to Propene on WO3 Catalysts: A Mechanistic and Kinetic Study

The production of propene (H2C═CH–CH3) has attracted widespread interest due to industrial demand, and an intriguing route involves the metathesis of ethene (H2C═CH2) and trans-2-butene (H3C–CH═CH–CH3). We recently investigated the initiation of olefin metathesis on tungsten trioxide (WO3) catalysts, by showing that trans-2-butene more readily forms W-carbene active sites on the surface, compared to ethene. We now present our analysis of the propagation steps at these active sites. We have computed optimized structures and energetics of the reaction intermediates and products of propagation. We have also computed the rate constants for the elementary steps comprising the reaction mechanism. These results are used to elucidate a complete mechanistic description of the metathesis of ethene and trans-2-butene. We find that W═CH2 sites are less active in the propagation process compared to W═CHCH3. Furthermore, [2 + 2] cycloaddition of trans-2-butene to form the six-membered (oxa)metallacycle ring is the rate...
Determination of the rate constant for the OH(X2Pi) + OH(X()Pi) --> O(3P) + H2O reaction over the temperature range 293-373 K.

The rate constant for the reaction OH(X 2 II) + OH(X 2 II) → O( 3 P) + H 2 O has been measured over the temperature range 293-373 K and pressure range 2.6-7.8 Torr in both Ne and Ar bath gases. The OH radical was created by 193 nm laser photolysis of N 2 O to produce O( 1 D) atoms that reacted rapidly with H 2 O to produce the OH radical. The OH radical was detected by quantitative time-resolved near-infrared absorption spectroscopy using A-doublet resolved rotational transitions of the first overtone of OH(2,0) near 1.47 μm. The temporal concentration profiles of OH were simulated using a kinetic model, and rate constants were determined by minimizing the sum of the squares of residuals between the experimental profiles and the model calculations. At 293 K the rate constant for the title reaction was found to be (2.7 ± 0.9) × 10 -12 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 , where the uncertainty includes an estimate of both random and systematic errors at the 95% confidence level. The rate constant was measured at 347 and 373 K and found to decrease with increasing temperature.
On the Life and Work of Professor James David Allan Walker (invited)

The fluid dynamics community has lost a colleague and friend in James David Allan Walker, Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University. His passing on March 21, 2004 at the age of 58, after a 10-year battle with non-Hodgkins lymphoma, drew to an untimely close the illustrious career of a significant contributor to the field of fluid dynamics. Most of Dave’s work was in the areas of separated and turbulent boundarylayer flows, but he also made contributions in other areas, such as the fluid dynamics of the gas centerifuge. This paper provides a cornerstone for the memorial session that has been organized to honor David Walker’s work with a number of colleagues, students and friends. The paper includes a brief review of Dave’s career and scientific contributions as well as personal remembrances from several friends and colleagues.
Space periodic Jacobi elliptic solution for triad modified Schrödinger equations

We present an analytical solution for triad nonlinear evolution equations with modified Schrodinger terms. An example for application in compressible water waves is presented.
Expanding the Regulatory Network for Meristem Size in Plants

The remarkable plasticity of post-embryonic plant development is due to groups of stem-cell-containing structures called meristems. In the shoot, meristems continuously produce organs such as leaves, flowers, and stems. Nearly two decades ago the WUSCHEL/CLAVATA (WUS/CLV) negative feedback loop was established as being essential for regulating the size of shoot meristems by maintaining a delicate balance between stem cell proliferation and cell recruitment for the differentiation of lateral primordia. Recent research in various model species (Arabidopsis, tomato, maize, and rice) has led to discoveries of additional components that further refine and improve the current model of meristem regulation, adding new complexity to a vital network for plant growth and productivity.
Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays

Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays Dennis Silage This text describes modern embedded processing systems using the Field Programmable Gate Array. This new paradigm in embedded design utilizes the Verilog Hardware Description Language behavioral synthesis of controller and datapath constructs and the Finite State Machine for Digital Signal Processing, communications and control with the FPGA, external hard core peripherals, custom internal soft core peripherals and the soft core processor. Review materials and references for DSP place the embedded design projects in perspective. This text features the Xilinx Spartan-3E Starter Board, the Xilinx ISE WebPACK EDA, Xilinx LogiCORE blocks and the Xilinx PicoBlaze soft core processor. Embedded Design Using Programmable Gate Arrays is intended as a supplementary text and laboratory manual for undergraduate students in a contemporary course in digital logic and embedded systems. Professionals who have not had an exposure to the fine grained FPGA, the Verilog HDL, an EDA software tool or the new paradigm of the controller and datapath and the FSM will find that this text and the Xilinx Spartan-3E Starter Board provides the necessary experience in this emerging area of electrotechnology.
SU-F-T-135: A Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of Range Uncertainty in Brain Patients

Purpose: We retrospectively evaluate the dosimetric impact of a 3.5% range uncertainty on CTV coverage and normal organ toxicity for a cohort of brain patients. Methods: Twenty treatment plans involving 20 brain cancer patients treated with Mevions S250 were reviewed. Forty uncertain plans were made by changing the ranges in original plans by ±3.5% while keeping all devices unchanged. Fidelity to the original plans was evaluated with gamma index. Changes in generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) were reported for the following structures: CTV coverage, brainstem, optic chiasm, and optic nerves. Comparisons were made by plotting the relevant endpoints from the uncertain plans as a function of the same endpoints from the original clinical plan. Results: Gamma-index analysis resulted in a 50% pass rate of the uncertain plans using a 90% passing rate and 3%/3mm criterion. A 9.5% decrease in the slope of gEUD plot for the CTV was observed for the 3.5% downward range shift. However, the change in slope did not result in a gEUD change greater than 1.1% for the CTV. The slopes of the gEUD plots for normal structures increased by 3.1% 3.9% 2.4% and 0.2% for the chiasm, brainstem, left optic nerve and right optic nerve respectively. The maximum deviation from the gEUD of the clinical plan for normal structures was: 64% in the chiasm, 31% for the brainstem, and 19% for both optic nerves. Conclusion: A retrospective review shows moderate radiobiological impact of range uncertainty in passively scattered proton therapy with sporadic catastrophe. The linear regression analysis on the statistical data indicates a systematic deviation of gEUD from treatment planning in the light of range uncertainty.
Metric Preference Learning with Applications to Motion Imitation

In order for engineered systems to produce behaviors that achieve esthetic goals, one requires objective functions that accurately represent potentially subjective, human preferences as opposed to a priori given objectives. Starting from a collection of empirical, pairwise comparisons, we approach this issue by developing objective functions that are compatible with the expressed preferences. In addition, robust estimators for global optimizers to these functions are derived together with graph-theoretic simplification methods for the resulting systems of constraints and a limited memory asymptotic observer that finds a globally optimal alternative (e.g., motion). Two examples are presented involving the comparison of apples and oranges, and of human and synthetic motions.
Assessment of behavior and space use before and after forelimb amputation in a zoo‐housed chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Primates possess great manual dexterity, and their limbs are integral to many aspects of normal functioning (e.g., climbing, feeding). As such, the loss of a limb carries the risk of significant disability and potentially harmful impairment of species-typical functioning. Limb loss is known to occur in some wild primate populations due to entanglement in hunting snares, but can also occur in captive settings due to injury that necessitates therapeutic amputation. In this study, we conducted a detailed evaluation of the behavior, travel, and space use expressed by a female zoo-housed chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) before and following surgical amputation of her right forelimb. Overall, our results suggest that the injury did not substantively affect her daily activities. She showed no change to her vertical space use, spending equivalent proportions of her time on the ground and high in the enclosure. There was a decrease in the frequency of locomotion on the ground (P = 0.006) but also a significant increase in the overall distance travelled (P = 0.0015) following the removal of the limb. This case study provides evidence that individual chimpanzees are able to successfully adjust to significant anatomical changes when provided adequate environments in which to stay active, and highlights the importance of an effective post-surgical monitoring period-a comprehensive recovery evaluation that includes input from both veterinary and behavioral research staff is likely to provide the most holistic assessment of animal health and long-term wellbeing. Zoo Biol. 36:5-10, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When conflict tests your convictions

In a talk given in 1955, the distinguished physicist Isidor Rabi launched a fervent appeal for reconciliation between "the two great branches of human knowledge, the sciences and the humanities, [which] remain separate and even warring disciplines...". Later, he discussed this with C P Snow who pursued such concerns in his "Two Cultures" lecture. Rabi urged scientists to "learn to teach science in the spirit of wisdom, and in the light of the history of human thought and human effort, rather than as the geography of a universe uninhabited by mankind".
Pain Management in the Emergency Department

Pediatric emergency departments (ED) have become much more focused on the evaluation and treatment of painful conditions in children. Evidence-based pain management with nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions are provided routinely for children in pain and in need of painful procedures. Implementing the multidisciplinary team approach in the ED will ensure decreased anxiety and pain during the evaluation in the ED. Approaches to procedural sedation and analgesia, simple painful procedures and abdominal pain in EDs have gained signifi cant advances and will be a great resource for primary care providers. This chapter reviews signifi cant advances in pain management in the ED and offers recommendations that will assist primary care physicians to provide the best and expeditious care for acutely ill or injured children with pain.
Correction for Liu et al., Complete Plastome Sequence of Ludwigia octovalvis (Onagraceae), a Globally Distributed Wetland Plant

Volume 4, no. 6, e01274-16, 2016, [https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.01274-16][1]. Page 1: The byline and affiliation line should read as given above. Page 1: Lines 3 and 4 of the Acknowledgments should read “ … and E. Colletti for growing plants from seeds.” [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/genomeA.
Mechanism of transcription initiation and promoter escape by E. coli RNA polymerase.

To investigate roles of the discriminator and open complex (OC) lifetime in transcription initiation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP; α2ββ’ωσ70), we compare productive and abortive initiation rates, short RNA distributions, and OC lifetime for the λPR and T7A1 promoters and variants with exchanged discriminators, all with the same transcribed region. The discriminator determines the OC lifetime of these promoters. Permanganate reactivity of thymines reveals that strand backbones in open regions of long-lived λPR-discriminator OCs are much more tightly held than for shorter-lived T7A1-discriminator OCs. Initiation from these OCs exhibits two kinetic phases and at least two subpopulations of ternary complexes. Long RNA synthesis (constrained to be single round) occurs only in the initial phase ( 10 s), when stalled complexes release their short RNA and make another without escaping. In both kinetic phases, significant amounts of 8-nt and 10-nt transcripts are produced by longer-lived, λPR-discriminator OCs, whereas no RNA longer than 7 nt is produced by shorter-lived T7A1-discriminator OCs. These observations and the lack of abortive RNA in initiation from short-lived ribosomal promoter OCs are well described by a quantitative model in which ∼1.0 kcal/mol of scrunching free energy is generated per translocation step of RNA synthesis to overcome OC stability and drive escape. The different length-distributions of abortive RNAs released from OCs with different lifetimes likely play regulatory roles.
Effects of Signalled and Unsignalled Electric-Shock Delivery on Schedule-Controlled and Schedule-Induced Behavior

In Experiments 1 and 2, food pellets were delivered under a fixed-interval (Fi) 40-sec. schedule, with water freely available in an operant chamber. After acquisition of stable levels of lever pressing and schedule-induced water intake, electric shock was introduced under a variable-time (Vt) 70-sec. schedule. Each of four rats was studied under signalled and unsignalled electric shock. During signalled shock delivery, a 10-sec. stimulus preceded each shock. During unsignalled shock delivery, the preshock stimulus was not presented. More suppression of lever pressing was found for all of the animals during unsignalled than signalled shock. Three of four animals also suppressed schedule-induced licking more during unsignalled than signalled shock. For both lever pressing and licking, response suppression was a function of the intensity of shock. Depending upon the intensity of shock, responding was (a) relatively unaffected during signalled and unsignalled shock, (b) suppressed primarily during unsignalled shock, or (c) markedly suppressed under signalled as well as unsignalled shock. In Experiment 3, food pellets were delivered under a fixed-time (Ft) 40-sec. schedule. Schedule-induced licking was studied under signalled and unsignalled Vt 70-sec. shock delivery. More suppression of schedule-induced licking occurred during unsignalled than signalled shock for all of the animals. These data show that schedule-induced licking, like food-maintained lever pressing, is suppressed more by unsignalled than by signalled shock delivery.
Hybrid assembly with long and short reads improves discovery of gene family expansions.

Long-read and short-read sequencing technologies offer competing advantages for eukaryotic genome sequencing projects. Combinations of both may be appropriate for surveys of within-species genomic variation. We developed a hybrid assembly pipeline called “Alpaca” that can operate on 20X long-read coverage plus about 50X short-insert and 50X long-insert short-read coverage. To preclude collapse of tandem repeats, Alpaca relies on base-call-corrected long reads for contig formation. Compared to two other assembly protocols, Alpaca demonstrated the most reference agreement and repeat capture on the rice genome. On three accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula, Alpaca generated the most agreement to a conspecific reference and predicted tandemly repeated genes absent from the other assemblies. Our results suggest Alpaca is a useful tool for investigating structural and copy number variation within de novo assemblies of sampled populations.
Was the Mw 7.5 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake induced (or triggered)?

Several recent studies have presented evidence that significant induced earthquakes occurred in a number of oil-producing regions during the early and mid-twentieth century related to either production or wastewater injection. We consider whether the 21 July 1952 Mw 7.5 Kern County earthquake might have been induced by production in the Wheeler Ridge oil field. The mainshock, which was not preceded by any significant foreshocks, occurred 98 days after the initial production of oil in Eocene strata at depths reaching 3 km, within ~1 km of the White Wolf fault (WWF). Based on this spatial and temporal proximity, we explore a potential causal relationship between the earthquake and oil production. While production would have normally be expected to have reduced pore pressure, inhibiting failure on the WWF, we present an analytical model based on industry stratigraphic data and best estimates of parameters whereby an impermeable splay fault adjacent to the main WWF could plausibly have blocked direct pore pressure effects, allowing the poroelastic stress change associated with production to destabilize the WWF, promoting initial failure. This proof-of-concept model can also account for the 98-day delay between the onset of production and the earthquake. While the earthquake clearly released stored tectonic stress, any initial perturbation on or near a major fault system can trigger a larger rupture. Our proposed mechanism provides an explanation for why significant earthquakes are not commonly induced by production in proximity to major faults.
Recent discoveries from the cosmic microwave background: a review of recent progress

Measurements of the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation have provided a wealth of information about the cosmological model that describes the contents and evolution of the universe. These data have led to a standard model described by just six parameters. In this review we focus on discoveries made in the past decade from satellite and ground-based experiments, and look ahead to those anticipated in the coming decade. We provide an introduction to the key CMB observables including temperature and polarization anisotropies, and describe recent progress towards understanding the initial conditions of structure formation, and establishing the properties of the contents of the universe including neutrinos. Results are now being derived both from the primordial CMB signal that traces the behavior of the universe at 400 000 years of cosmic time, as well as from the signals imprinted at later times due to scattering from galaxy clusters, from the motion of electrons in the ionized universe, and from the gravitational lensing of the CMB photons. We describe current experimental methods to measure the CMB, particularly focusing on details relevant for ground and balloon-based instruments, and give an overview of the broad data analysis methods required to convert measurements of the microwave sky into cosmological parameters.
Cryptogenic Cirrhosis and Sitosterolemia: A Treatable Disease If Identified but Fatal If Missed.

Abstract Sitosterolemia is an autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by mutations in ABCG5 or ABCG8 genes which encode for the (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that are responsible for the trafficking of xenosterols. Liver involvement is not a recognized manifestation of this disease, and cirrhosis has been reported only once in the medical literature. We describe a fatal case of a 21-year old South Asian male who presented with decompensated cirrhosis, and biochemical abnormalities consistent with sitostero-lemia. Genetic testing showed a homozygous pathogenic mutation in ABCG5, confirming the diagnosis. Sitosterolemia is a rare, but likely under-recognized condition, and a high degree of suspicion is imperative to make the diagnosis. We propose that sitosterolemia should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, especially as there are effective oral therapies to treat this condition. Newly diagnosed sitosterolemia patients should undergo a thorough hepatology evaluation and follow-up to evaluate for the presence, development, and progression of any hepatic involvement.
Improved visualization of breast tissue on a dedicated breast PET system through ergonomic redesign of the imaging table.

Breast lesions closer than 2 cm to the chest wall are difficult to position in the field of view of dedicated breast PET (db-PET) systems. This inability to detect such lesions is a significant limitation of these systems. The primary objective of this study was to determine if modifications to the design of the imaging table and detector used for a db-PET system would enable improved visualization of breast tissue close to the chest wall. All studies were performed on a commercially available db-PET system (Mammi-PET). A central square section of the imaging table, containing the standard 180-mm circular aperture, was modified such that it could be removed and replaced by thinner sections with a larger aperture. Additional changes were made to the cover plate of the detector array and the patient mattress. A total of 60 patients were studied. After administration of F-18 FDG, 30 patients were imaged with a 220-mm-diameter aperture and the standard aperture, and 30 patients with a 200-mm aperture and the standard aperture. On all scans, the length of breast tissue in the field of view was measured as the greatest extent of tissue from the nipple back to the posterior edge of the breast. Image quality and patient comfort were recorded. Averaged over both breasts, relative to the standard aperture, the increase in breast length was 12.5 + 7.7 mm with the 220-mm aperture, and 12.3 + 6.5 mm with the 200-mm aperture (p < 0.05 for both apertures). In ~ 5% of cases, the larger apertures resulted in some degradation in image quality due to closer proximity to cardiac/hepatic activity. In 10–20% of cases, movement of the breast tissue was observed as the detector ring was moved to scan the anterior region of the breast. The patient survey indicated no significant difference in the comfort level between the standard aperture and either of the prototype apertures. Modifications to the image table and system resulted in a significant gain in the volume of breast tissue that could be imaged on the db-PET system and should allow better visualization of lesions close to the chest wall.
How did you change my view? A corpus-based study of concessions’ argumentative role:

In everyday communicative arenas, we engage in critical discussions to persuade others to change their views about issues of personal as well as public interest. Discourse analysts have deemed concessions as privileged strategies to manage disagreement and reach consensus. However, a coherent and comprehensive account of the argumentative functions played by different concessive relations is lacking: do concessions always bear an argumentative role? By which semantic and pragmatic properties? What type of argumentative moves do they instantiate? To answer these questions, we propose a corpus-based study of lexical markers of concessions in the subreddit Changemyview. Drawing from a multilevel semantic and pragmatic annotation, polysemous markers with contrast are disambiguated, and an empirically motivated typology of concessive relations is proposed. The results of the analysis highlight two types of concessions that are specialized in introducing and/or preventing counterarguments.
Toward Exclusion through Inclusion: Engendering Reputation with Gender-Inclusive Facilities at Colleges and Universities in the United States, 2001-2013:

Ample sociological evidence demonstrates that binary gender ideologies are an intractable part of formal organizations and that transgender issues tend to be marginalized by a wide range of social ...
Introduction: Locating and Performing Hamartia

At the outset, this introductory chapter explores the Greek term hamartia, which can be translated as flaw, fault, mistake, sin, or error, as an essential element of Aristotelian tragedy. This chapter offers an historical overview of several theories of error from Aristotle via Andre Dacier and other theorists of tragedy to the present. Subsequently, the chapter explores the striking intersection of the simultaneous rise of interest in error, the tragic, and performance in Enlightenment Germany and France.
Possible Implementation of Topologically Protected Qubits by a Novel Class of Josephson Junction Arrays

I review the conditions that need to be satisfied by a physical system implemeting a macroscopic quantum computer, focussing on the degree of protection of individual qubits from the noise of the environment. I argue that such degree of protection is possible in a macroscopic systems only if the information is stored very non-locally in the individual bits. I show that this can be achieved in the new class of Josephson arrays with non-trivial symmetry or topology. For such “topologically protected” arrays the effect of noise is exponentially small in the array size which allows one in principle to get extremely small error rates and extremely long dephasing times in these systems. I begin with a warm-up toy model which explains the essence of the topological protection and non-local character of information storage in such systems. I then proceed with a formulation of very general mathematical requirements on a model that ensure the appearance of the protected degenerate states and show how these conditions can be satisfied in a simple spin model. Finally I present Josephson junction array that is described by the mathematical model which satisfy these conditions and discuss its physical properties and how one can test these predictions experimentally.
History of Health Determinants

From ancient times, health, public health and medicine have been intertwined, becoming more closely, and then more distantly associated. Rene Dubos in Mirage of Health asserted that, “freedom from disease and from struggle is almost incompatible with the process of living.”71 He felt that there is a dynamic process of adaptation; that every living organism is constantly changing to meet its environment; neither science nor technology can alter this entangling relationship.
AMITRIPTYLINE IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS

Limited data and an accumulated body of anecdotal experience with the tricyclic class of antidepressants suggest that this group of drugs (especially amitriptyline) may be an effective treatment modality in nonulcerative interstitial cystitis. Both the ease of administration and the relatively rapid onset of relief make these types of drugs appropriate to consider for first-line therapy after bladder distention has failed.
The Role of Applications Satellites in the Management of the Human Environment

The development of Earth resources satellites originated from the prospect of improving methods of discovery, utilization, and management of the Earth’s natural resources. The growing concern over ecological problems suggests an expanded role for such satellites: uncovering, quantifying, and assisting in mitigating the problems generated by interaction between man and environment.
Abstract P1-08-22: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast, an uncommon diagnosis with poor prognosis – Lessons learned from analysis of the National Cancer Data Base 2004-2015

Background Adenosquamous carcinomas (ASQ) of the breast is rare, with a reported incidence of Methods A retrospective observational study of NCDB patients (pts) compared all ASQ pts to the same number of randomly selected IDC pts (ICD-O-3 diagnosis codes 8560 and 8500, respectively) using SPSS software. Patients9 clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using frequency statistics, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square, Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression. Results From 1,932,688 female pts with invasive BC, 1,421,250 had IDC (73.5%); 453 had ASQ (0.0002%). ASQ pts were significantly (p Conclusion Our study is the largest study to date on ASQ revealing that this unique disease is an aggressive carcinoma and carries a significantly worse prognosis than IDC. Since prospective randomized clinical trial(s) are unlikely, further studies on the genomic make-up of ASQ are needed in order to understand biology and personalize treatment of pts with this uncommon BC. Citation Format: Cochrane K, Heidel RE, Bell JL, Orucevic A. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast, an uncommon diagnosis with poor prognosis – Lessons learned from analysis of the National Cancer Data Base 2004-2015 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-22.
Experiments with sensorimotor games in dynamic human/machine interaction

While interacting with a machine, humans will naturally formulate beliefs about the machine's behavior, and these beliefs will affect the interaction. Since humans and machines have imperfect information about each other and their environment, a natural model for their interaction is a game. Such games have been investigated from the perspective of economic game theory, and some results on discrete decision-making have been translated to the neuromechanical setting, but there is little work on continuous sensorimotor games that arise when humans interact in a dynamic closed loop with machines. We study these games both theoretically and experimentally, deriving predictive models for steady-state (i.e. equilibrium) and transient (i.e. learning) behaviors of humans interacting with other agents (humans and machines). Specifically, we consider experiments wherein agents are instructed to control a linear system so as to minimize a given quadratic cost functional, i.e. the agents play a Linear-Quadratic game. Using our recent results on gradient-based learning in continuous games, we derive predictions regarding steady-state and transient play. These predictions are compared with empirical observations of human sensorimotor learning using a teleoperation testbed.
Roman Cyborgs! On Significant Otherness, Material Absence, and Virtual Presence in the Archaeology of Roman Religion

In this article I explore different ways archaeologists can contribute to and learn from theorizing the digital world beyond the traditional functionalistic means of applying computational methods. I argue that current digital technologies can be a very constructive tool to create non-human experience and awareness. I pursue this argument by presenting ideas from a work-in-progress project experimenting with the post-human and the virtual, and by exploring significant otherness in Roman religion and the dark spots in human perception, through the analysis of an absent temple in Rome. Applying post-human philosophies and an expanded concept of virtuality beyond the digital makes it possible to change our approach to object/human/divine relations in Roman cults and how we present Roman heritage towards a post-humanist framework. Through this, digital archaeology can become one of the ways of re-examining and reinventing our ideas of the human, the past and the digital.
Improving Antibiotic Stewardship: Modifying the AAP Sepsis Guidelines with the Addition of the Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator

Background: The potential deleterious effects of antibiotic use in newborns has made antibiotic stewardship for asymptomatic newborns a priority. Strategies include a Risk-Factor Based approach as illustrated by AAP Early Onset Sepsis Guidelines and a Multivariate Risk Assessment approach as exemplified by the Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator. In January 2016, we instituted a newborn sepsis protocol based largely on the 2012 AAP guidelines. By December 2016, we determined that our antibiotic utilization rate had not decreased, and resolved …
Terahertz Channel Characterization using a Silicon-based Picosecond Pulse Source

In this work, a long-path Terahertz (THz) communication channel is characterized between 0.32-1.1 THz using a custom-designed silicon-based THz pulse radiator chip. Our chip generates and radiates 1.9 ps pulses with an on-chip antenna at a repetition rate of 5.2 GHz, resulting in a broadband 0.1-1.1 THz frequency comb. A specular non-lineof-sight link was created using the impulse radiator, parabolic reflector antennas, a plane mirror, and a downconverting mixer. The THz channel was characterized up to a distance of 113 m. The measurement results demonstrate channel path loss, atmospheric absorption, and low-loss frequency windows suitable for wireless links in this range. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first time a custom lowpower silicon-based radiator has been used as the source in channel characterization at THz frequencies.
Emerging oncology drug targets in the 21st century: An FDA analysis.

e14067Background: Traditional chemotherapy agents are cytotoxic and typically act on all rapidly dividing cells. In contrast, targeted cancer therapies take advantage of unique genetic or proteomic...
Loss of membrane integrity drives myofiber death in lipin1-deficient skeletal muscle

Mutations in lipin1 are suggested to be a common cause of massive rhabdomyolysis episodes in children; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of myofiber death caused by the absence of lipin1 are not fully understood. Loss of membrane integrity is considered as an effective inducer of cell death in muscular dystrophy. In this study, we utilized a mouse line with selective homozygous lipin1 deficiency in the skeletal muscle (Lipin1Myf5cKO ) to determine the role of compromised membrane integrity in the myofiber death in lipin1-deficient muscles. We found that Lipin1Myf5cKO muscles had significantly elevated proapoptotic factors (Bax, Bak, and cleaved caspase-9) and necroptotic proteins such as RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL compared with WT mice. Moreover, Lipin1Myf5cKO muscle had significantly higher membrane disruptions, as evidenced by increased IgG staining and elevated uptake of Evans Blue Dye (EBD) and increased serum creatine kinase activity in Lipin1Myf5cKO muscle fibers. EBD-positive fibers were strongly colocalized with apoptotic or necroptotic myofibers, suggesting an association between compromised plasma membrane integrity and cell death pathways. We further show that the absence of lipin1 leads to a significant decrease in the absolute and specific muscle force (normalized to muscle mass). Our work indicates that apoptosis and necroptosis are associated with a loss of membrane integrity in Lipin1Myf5cKO muscle and that myofiber death and dysfunction may cause a decrease in contractile force.
Sirt5 deficiency causes post-translational protein malonylation and dysregulated cellular metabolism in chondrocytes under obesity conditions

Objective: Obesity accelerates the development of osteoarthritis (OA) during aging and is associated with altered chondrocyte cellular metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in regulating chondrocyte protein lysine malonylation (MaK) and cellular metabolism under obesity-related conditions. Methods: MaK and SIRT5 were immunostained in knee articular cartilage of obese db/db mice and different aged C57BL6 mice with or without destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce OA. Primary chondrocytes were isolated from 7-day-old WT and Sirt5-/- mice and treated with varying concentrations of glucose and insulin to mimic obesity. Sirt5-dependent effects on MaK and metabolism were evaluated by Western blot, Seahorse Respirometry, and gas/chromatography-mass/spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolic profiling. Results: MaK was significantly increased in cartilage of db/db mice and in chondrocytes treated with high concentrations of glucose and insulin (GluhiInshi). Sirt5 protein was increased in an age-dependent manner following joint injury, and Sirt5 deficient primary chondrocytes had increased MaK, decreased glycolysis rate, and reduced basal mitochondrial respiration. GC-MS identified 41 metabolites. Sirt5 deficiency altered 13 distinct metabolites under basal conditions and 18 metabolites under GluhiInshi treatment. Pathway analysis identified a wide range of Sirt5-dependent altered metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, and glycolysis. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence that Sirt5 broadly regulates chondrocyte metabolism. We observed changes in Sirt5 and MaK levels in cartilage with obesity and joint injury, suggesting that the Sirt5-MaK pathway may contribute to altered chondrocyte metabolism that occurs during OA development.
Divorce and the Collapse of the Three-Legged Stool: Setting Servicemembers Up for Success in the Age of BRS and COVID-19

Over the past few years, many monumental tax and benefit law changes have created a need to re-evaluate the problem of divorce and retirement in the military community. This need has become especially vital, because the military has transitioned from the legacy retirement system to the Blended Retirement System (BRS). To a certain degree, this retirement model shifts a portion of the financial risk to servicemembers and their family members as they will need to make their own investment decisions in an uncertain economic market to protect assets in their defined contribution plans. In addition, significant threats to the overall economy posed by disasters such as the exponential spread of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have created increasing unemployment and the need to rely more heavily on health care and Social Security support structures. This article argues that military marriage partners need to learn to function efficiently within this new and more fragile economic paradigm to ensure that their families are financially self-sufficient even if the partners divorce. In addition, as some servicemembers may fail to take action to provide for their intended surviving beneficiaries in the event of their divorce and subsequent death, the federal government should take action to effectuate the likely intent of these servicemembers at the time of their death. Furthermore, the federal government should take action to increase the economic sustainability of Social Security, which military marriage partners may need to rely upon after divorce as many may struggle financially to support separate households.
Effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant on transport and retention of iron oxide nanoparticles in water-saturated quartz sand

Although prior studies have investigated the effects of solution constituents, including dissolved organic matter and synthetic polymers, on nanoparticle mobility in porous media, far less attention has been directed toward evaluating the impacts of biosurfactants secreted by microorganisms on the transport and retention behavior of nanomaterials. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant associated with biofilms, on the transport and retention of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in a water-saturated quartz sand. Column experiments were conducted using aerobic medium (ionic strength = 50.4 mM) or 10 mM NaCl as background electrolyte at a pore velocity of 0.43 m per day and pH 6.8 ± 0.2. In aerobic medium columns, nearly all introduced nanoparticles were retained when IONPs were injected alone, whereas the presence of 10 mg L−1 or 50 mg L−1 rhamnolipid resulted in ∼25% and ∼50% breakthrough of the injected IONP mass, respectively. Moreover, preflushing media with 50 mg L−1 rhamnolipid further increased IONP mass breakthrough by ∼30%. Similar enhancement of nanoparticle mobility by 50 mg L−1 rhamnolipid was also measured in lower ionic strength (10 mM NaCl) columns. Mathematical models that incorporated nanoparticle filter ripening and biosurfactant competitive adsorption successfully reproduced experimental observations. Modeling results predicted an order-of-magnitude decrease in IONP filter ripening rate coefficient and a three-fold drop in average IONP retention capacity in the presence of rhamnolipid, consistent with a stabilizing effect and competition for surface sites. These findings demonstrate that rhamnolipid biosurfactant can potentially enhance nanomaterial stability and mobility in subsurface environments and that these effects should be considered when evaluating the impact of biological process on nanoparticle fate and transport in porous media.
Clopen objects, connected objects, and normalized topological categories

Abstract In this paper we extend the notion of a clopen subset of a topological space to that of a clopen subobject in a topological category. We relate clopen subobjects to the concept of normalized topological category via a theorem which, in turn, shows why certain subsets must be clopen in a topological space. We employ clopen subobjects to extend the topological notion of connectedness to topological categories. Examples of clopen subobjects and connected objects in several topological categories are given.
Fission reactions are smoldering again at Chernobyl

Thirty-five years after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine exploded in the world9s worst nuclear accident, fission reactions are smoldering again in uranium fuel masses buried deep inside a mangled reactor hall. Sensors are tracking a rising number of neutrons, a signal of fission, streaming from one inaccessible room. The neutron counts are rising slowly, suggesting managers still have a few years to figure out how to stifle the reactions. There9s no chance of a repeat of 1986, when an explosion and fire sent a radioactive cloud over Europe. A runaway fission reaction in a fuel mass could sputter out after heat from fission boils off any water it contains. But even a contained flare-up could bring down parts of the rickety concrete and steel "sarcophagus" that entombs the ruined reactor.
Controlling the Optical and Catalytic Properties of Artificial Metalloenzyme Photocatalysts Using Chemogenetic Engineering

Visible light photocatalysis enables a broad range of organic transformations that proceed via single electron or energy transfer. Metal polypyridyl complexes are among the most commonly employed visible light photocatalysts. The photophysical properties of these complexes have been extensively studied and can be tuned by modifying the substituents on the pyridine ligands. On the other hand, ligand modifications that enable substrate binding to control reaction selectivity remain rare. Given the exquisite control that enzymes exert over electron and energy transfer processes in nature, we envisioned that artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) created by incorporating Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes into a suitable protein scaffold could provide a means to control photocatalyst properties. This study describes approaches to create covalent and non-covalent ArMs from a variety of Ru(II) polypyridyl cofactors and a prolyl oligopeptidase scaffold. A panel of ArMs with enhanced photophysical properties were engineered, and the nature of the scaffold/cofactor interactions in these systems was investigated. These ArMs provided higher yields and rates than Ru(Bpy)32+ for the reductive cyclization of dienones and the [2+2] photocycloaddition between C-cinnamoyl imidazole and 4-methoxystyrene, suggesting that protein scaffolds could provide a means to improve the efficiency of visible light photocatalysts.
Descartes on Forms and Mechanisms

The modern view of causation can be traced back to the mechanistic science of Descartes, whose rejection of Aristotelian physics, with its concept of substantial forms, in favor of mechanical explanations was a turning-point in the history of philosophy. However the reasoning which led Descartes and other early moderns in this direction is not well understood. This book traces Descartes' groundbreaking theory of scientific explanation back to the mathematical demonstrations of Aristotelian mechanics and interprets these advances in light of the available arguments for and against substantial forms. It also examines how Descartes' new theory led him to develop a metaphysical foundation for his science that could avoid skeptical objections. It will appeal to a wide range of readers interested in the philosophy and science of the early modern period.
Endometrial Cancer Surveillance Counterpoint: USA

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, comprising 6 % of diagnosed cancers and accounting for 3 % of all cancer deaths in women annually. Over 40,000 new cases of endometrial cancer are diagnosed in the USA every year [1]. On presentation, the vast majority are confined to the uterus. Treatment generally entails a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, as well as peritoneal cytology with or without pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Patients deemed to be at risk for recurrence may receive postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rate is 95 % for localized endometrial cancer and 83 % for all stages combined. Overall, the recurrence rate is approximately 15 %. The majority occur within the first 3 years [1].
Web Elements and Strategies for Success in Online Marketplaces: An Exploratory Analysis

Among the most prominent and fastest-growing markets on the Internet are online marketplaces. The leader and main exemplar of this type of market is eBay. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive examination of the salient website elements and strategies as success factor in online marketplaces. In this exploratory analysis, we report on the behavior of different types of sellers and their distinct approaches for achieving their desired goals. The conceptual framework for this examination is based on marketing mix theory and its synthesis with competitive heterogeneity theory, allowing us to formulate a success model for sellers operating in this market. The conceptual model is empirically tested by the random collection of over 2000 auction listings from eBay’s Motors Division spread over a period of six months. Our results bring to light the presence of different types of sellers in this market, and the differences in website designs and strategies they use for success in this market.