cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explicit Modal Analysis of an Axially Loaded Timoshenko Beam With Bending-Torsion Coupling

Exact analytical expressions for the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a uniform bending-torsion coupled Timoshenko beam are presented. The beam is taken to be axially loaded, and for which cantilever end conditions apply. A symbolic computing package (REDUCE) has been used, which simplifies the analysis greatly. Results are presented for an illustrative example, which confirms the accuracy of the method, and provides a convenient benchmark for the validation of the finite element or other alternative approximate methods. The approach offers the prospect of aeroelastic development, and is computationally efficient, thus holding out the promise of eventual optimization.
Fabrication of Boron-Doped CVD Diamond Microelectrodes

Diamond microelectrodes are fabricated using microwave plasma CVD for the growth of electrically conducting single microcrystallite diamonds as well as diamond films on etched tungsten wires which are subsequently sealed in glass. The electroactive diamond is exposed by either mechanical polishing or by chemical etching of the glass. The resulting microelectrodes yield steady-state cyclic voltammograms at low scan rates.
1972 Revision of the Stanford-Binet: A farewell to the mental age

Inspection of the 1972 revised norms for the Stanford-Binet demonstrate that the average mental age for a particular CA no longer numerically corresponds to that CA. Thus, mental ages derived from the test cannot any longer be interpreted as mental ages. A table of test ages based on the 1972 norms is provided.
A peak-capture algorithm used on an autonomous underwater vehicle in the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill response scientific survey

During the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Response Scientific Survey on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ship Gordon Gunter Cruise GU-10-02 (27 May–4 June 2010), a Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) was deployed to make high-resolution surveys of the water column in targeted areas. There were 10 2-liter samplers on the AUV for acquiring water samples. An essential challenge was how to autonomously trigger the samplers when peak hydrocarbon signals were detected. In ship hydrocasts (measurements by lowered instruments) at a site to the southwest of the Deepwater Horizon wellhead, the hydrocarbon signal showed a sharp peak between 1,100- and 1,200-m depths, suggesting the existence of a horizontally oriented subsurface hydrocarbon plume. In response to this finding, we deployed the AUV at this site to make high-resolution surveys and acquire water samples. To autonomously trigger the samplers at peak hydrocarbon signals, we modified an algorithm that was previously developed for capturing peaks in a biological thin layer. The modified algorithm still uses the AUV's sawtooth (i.e., yo-yo) trajectory in the vertical dimension and takes advantage of the fact that in one yo-yo cycle, the vehicle crosses the horizontal plume (i.e., the strong-signal layer) twice. On the first crossing, the vehicle detects the peak and logs the corresponding depth (after correcting for the detection delay). On the second crossing, a sampling is triggered when the vehicle reaches the depth logged on the first crossing, based on the assumption that the depth of the horizontal oil layer does not vary much between two successive crossings that are no more than several hundred meters apart. In this paper, we present the algorithm and its performance in an AUV mission on 3 June 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, we present an improvement to the algorithm and the corresponding results from postprocessing the AUV mission data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correction: Aung Zaw Win, Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Gallbladder Detected by FDG-PET/CT

Corrections to article “Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Gallbladder Detected by FDG-PET/CT”, by Aung Zaw Win, published in Vol. 6, No. 6, 2014, p482-486, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr1886w. The author would like to add a contributing author in the second position of author list, the new author list should read as follows. Aung Zaw Wina, c, Carina Mari Aparicib aDepartment of Radiology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA bDepartment of Radiology, University California San Francisco (UCSF), 500 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA cCorresponding Author: Aung Zaw Win, Department of Radiology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. Email: moc.liamg@niwzgnua This work was performed at the San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
High-Resolution X-Ray-Photoemission Spectra of PbS, PbSe, and PbTe Valence Bands

High-resolution x-ray-photoemission valence-band spectra (0-45 eV binding energy) of cleaved single-crystal PbS, PbSe, and PbTe are reported. The spectra are compared with available band-theory results. Relativistic orthogonalized-plane-wave results exhibit the best over-all agreement with experiment. Empirical-pseudopotential-method (EPM) results show similar agreement for all but the most tightly bound valence band. The uppermost peak, corresponding to the three least tightly bound bands, shows detailed structure in good agreement with the EPM predictions. The PbTe valence-band spectrum can be synthesized from the x-ray-photoemission valence-band spectra of Pb and Te.
An Auxiliary Navigation System for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

It is desirable to have an auxiliary navigation system on-board an autonomous underwater vehicle to increase the reliability of its navigation when it works within an underwater structure. An inertial navigation system has been analyzed for this purpose. It shows an unacceptable positioning error due to the low accuracy of a practical stable platform. A simple gyrocompass with an appropriate algorithm has been proposed as an auxiliary navigation system. A flow chart of the proposed algorithm is given in this paper.
Regional dispersion of L-type calcium current in ventricular myocytes of German shepherd dogs with lethal cardiac arrhythmias.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if regional differences in L-type Ca 2+ current (I Ca,L ) are altered in a German shepherd model of sudden death. Background German shepherd dogs with inherited sudden cardiac death have reduced sympathetic innervation in the anteroseptal left ventricle that may contribute to arrhythmias in afflicted animals compared to control unafflicted animals. Differences in a number of repolarizing K + currents have been identified in this model, but I Ca,L has not been studied. Methods We measured action potentials in intact tissue and I Ca,L in isolated myocytes from anteroseptal and anterobasal left ventricle. Results Action potential plateau level and I Ca,L density were significantly lower in unafflicted anteroseptal than in afflicted anteroseptal, afflicted anterobasal, or unafflicted anterobasal. Isoproterenol increased I Ca,L density more in the unafflicted anteroseptal group than in the other groups. Conclusions Differences in I Ca,L between afflicted and control animals, combined with our earlier finding of regional reductions in I Kr , provide a likely substrate for the occurrence of pause-dependent arrhythmias in afflicted animals and for the T-wave abnormalities characterizing them.
Natural History and Acoustic Behavior of a Gregarious Cricket

The cricket Amphiacusta maya (Gryllidae: Phalangopsinae) was studied in the field in Costa Rica and in the laboratory. In the seasonal habitat of Guanacaste Province, C.R., adults are found only during the first 4 months of the rainy season. Adults and subadult nymphs form aggregations each dawn and disperse at dusk. Within the aggregations, males chirp, fight other males, and occasionally mate with females. The acoustic behavior of these crickets differs from that of the better-known field crickets in three major ways. First, males do not produce a calling song. Second, the chirps given in aggressive and courtship contexts are nearly indistinguishable spectrally and temporally. Third, the species-typical chirp does not elicit phonotaxis in adult females or in nymphs. Possibly the calling song would no longer provide a selective advantage to males because females are in their vicinity regardless of male behavior. Additionally, acoustic signal similarity may be a result of selection for aggressive signalling in both contexts (aggression and courtship). Thus these modifications in acoustic signals may be adaptations to a gregarious mating system.
Aqueous Solutions and Their Interfaces

Preface of the special issue of the Journal of Physical Chemistry in conjunction with the international workshop "Aqueous Solutions and their Interfaces". The topics include the structure of liquid water, the analysis of X-ray and neutron scattering experimental data, the vibrational spectroscopy of liquid water, the structure and spectroscopy of aqueous interfaces and the development of theoretical approaches to model the structure and spectra of liquid water and interfaces. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for DOE.
b-Bilene to a,c-biladiene transformation during syntheses of isoporphyrins and porphyrins

Reaction of 1,19-di-unsubstituted b-bilene salts with α-ketoesters gives isoporphyrins, and eventually porphyrins, by way of an a,c-biladiene salt intermediate.
Self-limiting subepidermal bullous disease in a neonatal foal

A 1-day-old Appaloosa colt developed vesicles/bullae involving the skin of the lips and prepuce and multiple mucous membranes. Histopathology revealed subepidermal vesicles/bullae that were clear or contained variable numbers of neutrophils and erythrocytes. The separated epidermis appeared viable. The denuded dermal papillae were often disrupted by microabscesses or coated with fibrinosuppurative debris. Fragmented basement membrane components were attached to exposed dermal papillae. Immunoperoxidase staining of sections for deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 were positive for IgG at the basement membrane and intercellular bridges. Complete recovery ensued. The characteristics of the subepidermal bullous lesions and clinical course of lesion resolution in this foal suggested a drug-induced pathogenesis. The only known drug exposure of the foal or mare was topical application of 7% iodine to the umbilicus at the time of foaling. Similar reactions to iodine administration have been reported in humans.
Is treatment adherence associated with better quality of life in children with sickle cell disease

The association of treatment adherence with quality of life (QOL) and the role of sickle cell disease complications were explored in children with sickle cell disease. Primary caregivers of 43 children, ages 5 years and older, and 21 children, ages 8 years and older, completed a standardized measure of QOL during an admission for pain or fever to the hematology acute care unit. Adherence was measured through medical staff ratings, caregiver-report of sickle cell disease-related care activities, and matching of medical staff standard recommendations for treatment of pain and fever with sickle cell disease-related care activities. Sickle cell disease complications were assessed via medical file review. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that better adherence was associated with poorer overall QOL. In follow-up analyses, although sickle cell disease complications were associated with adherence, it did not explain the negative correlation of adherence with QOL. Higher treatment adherence may interfere with activities that contribute to QOL for some children. Further research to investigate the role of sickle cell disease complications, as well as psychosocial factors, in determining both treatment adherence and QOL is suggested.
Bodies Divide, Minds Unite: Mirror Neurons and Leibniz’s Philosophy of Mind

Among Leibniz’s contributions to the philosophy of mind, two topics bear relevance to contemporary discussions in cognitive sciences: the mind-body problem, and the universal language. Leibniz’s deterministic view rejects inter-substance causality between mental and bodily states, as well as between mental or bodily states of different individuals. In addition, Leibniz believed in the need to enhance communication through a universal language based on symbolic representations. Here I reconsider Leibniz’s ideas in the light of experimental evidence coming from mirror neurons. These recently discovered brain cells, responsive to both action execution and observation, are thought to enable the interpretation of the action performer’s intentions through their representation in the observer’s own brain, thus storing embodied shared representations. I propose that mirror neurons’ cross-modal responsiveness, whereby seeing an action being performed by somebody else triggers similar neural response to that of performing that action oneself, can be interpreted as an instantiation of intersubstance causality. I suggest that mirror neurons’ properties speak not only to the non-dualistic equation, supported by brain science in general, whereby in a given individual, mental states arise from bodily states but also introduce the possibility that bodily states may arise from someone else’s bodily states. In addition, I propose that this automatic embodied flow of information between individuals (from performer to observer) bears relevance to Leibniz’s intuitions on symbols. Specifically, I suggest that the shared representations stored in mirror neurons, thought to enable the interpretation of the action performer’s intentions, may be seen as a biological instantiation of Leibniz’s planned, but never realized, universal characteristic.
Molecular phylogeny of the Aquilegia group (Ranunculaceae) based on internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA

Abstract Specific to generic relationships within the Aquilegia group of the Ranunculaceae (taxa with Thalictrum -chromosome type and base number of x = 7 or 6) were studied using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1), 5.8S rDNA and ITS 2 sequences ( c . 610 bp). Thirty-five OTUs representing 32 species and six genera ( Aquilegia, Dichocarpum, Enemion, Leptopyrum, Paraquilegia , and Thalictrum ) were either directly sequenced or obtained from previous publications. ITS sequences were easily aligned within the Aquilegia group, but were largely unalignable between ingroup and outgroup taxa due to extensive sequence divergence. This alignment difficulty alone supports the monophyly of the Aquilegia group, but the most ancient branch (root) could not be identified based on an outgroup analysis. Data were analyzed using distance and discrete character methods to infer phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa. The inferred molecular phylogeny, which included a large number of Aquilegia and Thalictrum species, not only supports the monophyly of each of those genera, but also suggests the following: (1) Aquilegia ecalcarata , which was sometimes placed in Semiaquilegia , should be retained within Aquilegia ; (2) North American Aquilegia species are likely to form a monophyletic group; (3) except for distribution data, other important taxonomic characters of Aquilegia , such as pollinator, flower color or habitat, are subject to frequent homoplasies; (4) Thalictrum thalictroides , which was often treated as the monotypic genus, Anemonella , should be retained within Thalictrum ; (5) the current subgeneric classification of Thalictrum should be revised; and (6) the pattern of chromosome polyploidy is consistent with the inferred Thalictrum phylogeny.
Constrained LMI set in the stability problem of linear uncertain time-delay systems

The stability problem of linear uncertain time-delay systems is considered using a quadratic Lyapunov functional. The resulting stability criterion is a constrained linear matrix inequality set. The condition is necessary and sufficient if it is applied to uncertainty-free systems. A discretization scheme is proposed to reduce the constrained LMI set to a regular LMI problem. Conservatism due to discretization can be made small through finer discretization.
Genetic differences among Holstein-Friesian herd improvement registry herds.

Abstract Genetic differences among 442 Holstein-Friesian HIR herds that had been on test from March, 1952, to April, 1961, were examined. First lactations initiated at under 36 months of age for 37,890 individuals were studied by two approaches. In the first, differences between bull breeder herds were compared by the progeny test evaluation of sires produced in a specific herd but progeny tested in another herd. Among 19 breeder herds that sold a large number of sons to other herds, four times the variance of breeding values of those sons, attributable to the herd in which they were bred, represented 12.4 and 18.7% of the herd component for milk yield and percent fat. The mean genetic merit of 282 sons originating from these breeder herds was 92 kg of milk above the 479 sons from nonbreeder herds and 143 kg above the 67 sires originating from outside the United States. The second approach involved a comparison of the herd component of variance from multiherd progenies of sires with the herd component from single-herd progenies. The fraction of the herd variance for the population of 442 herds that was genetic was 9.3% for milk yield and 8.9% for fat per cent. The results indicate that the genetic differences among these Holstein HIR herds are small but real, contributing about 10% of the variance among herd averages for milk. While the herd average would be more useful to correct for environmental differences among herds, it also should receive some positive attention for estimating genetic differences between individuals in different herds.
Cancer Biomarker Testing in the Everyday Practice of Pathology

The Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine at Houston Methodist Hospital hosted the Cancer Biomarker Conference (CBC) on March 22, 2014, at the Houston Methodist Research Institute in association with the department’s Houston Methodist Diagnostic Laboratories. The CBC was inspired by the work of the Cancer Biomarker Reporting Committee (CBRC) of the College of American Pathologists (CAP), which cosponsored the conference. In organizing this conference, our goal was to offer a utilitarian program that addressed practical issues in cancer biomarker testing for pathologists and other physicians involved in everyday care of cancer patients. In contrast to methodology, we focused on how to provide a cancer biomarker service; test selection, interpretation, reporting and reimbursement issues for biomarker testing; tissue management; and biomarker test selection and interpretation for specific solid cancers. The faculty was composed of members of the CBRC and other prominent experts from other CAP committees. In addition, future visions were provided by Dr Gene Herbek, President of the CAP; Dr Ed Uthman, President of the Texas Society of Pathologists (TSP); and Dr Peter Yu, President of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). The articles in this second part of a 2-part special section are derived from lectures at the CBC as well as contributions from other members of the CBRC. Other cosponsors of the CBC included the TSP, the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the American Society for Investigative Pathology, the Chinese American Pathologists Association, the Florida Society of Pathologists, the Oklahoma State Association of Pathologists, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, the University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, the University of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare—Central. Specific individuals whom we would like to recognize include:
The Clinical Assay of a New Fungicide, P-594 (2-Nitro-2-Bromo-1-Methoxy-1-Phenylpropane)1

The clinical evaluation of a fungicide is difficult. The tendency of fungous organisms to remain viable but go into resting states confuses the term “cure. With those problems in mind a project was designed to assay a new fungicide, 2-nitro-2-bromo-l-methoxy-l-phenylpropane. This compound shall henceforth be known by its commercial designation, P-594. f By the time that P-594 was brought to our attention the facts were already established that oral toxicity of this material was negligible and that therapeutic concentrations of the fungicide in a water soluble ointment base were not primary irritants for the skin of white rabbits (1). Moderate intraperitoneal toxicity for white mice was noted, the LDOO range being 195 ± 38 mg./kg. Also established were the facts that this material showed in vitro fungistasis for T. men-tagrophytes in a concentration of 1 mcg./ml. and for C. albicans in a concentration of 30 Mg./ml.
Stratification in Willow Creek Alluvial Fan, Eureka Valley, Inyo County, California: ABSTRACT

Stratification in the entrenched main channel in the upper 5 mi (of 12) of Willow Creek fan was analyzed by means of continuous-strip photos and sections spaced 2,000 ft apart. Average and maximum bed thicknesses decrease, respectively, from 1.7 and 6.0 ft near the fan head to 1.0 and 3.9 ft downfan. Individual beds extend from 10 to > 500 (700?) ft, although few beds extend > 200 ft. Gravel forms pack (framework), pack-float (transitional), and float ("puddingstone") fabrics. Most cobbles and boulders are subspherical and subround, and thus usually do not form distinctly oriented fabrics. Stream deposits exhibit distinct channel geometry, pack fabric, and little silt and clay. Mudflow fabrics vary from pack to float. Some are uniform; others grade laterally from float to pack within 25 ft. Mudflows show high length:thickness ratios; the majority of mudflows lack graded bedding. The ratio of mudflows to stream deposits exceeds 70% and increases downfan. Float beds generally contain 15% silt and clay, whereas pack beds usually contain > 60% gravel and variable amounts of silt and clay. All deposits are poorly to extremely poorly sorted, and range from strongly coarsely skewed to symmetrical. Silt forms most of the matrix of mudflows, whereas clay ranges from only 1% to 7%. In the silt-clay fraction, feldspars exceed quartz, and clay minerals are minor in amount, the result of semiarid climate (17 in. rainfall/year), dominance of granitic rocks with large feldspar phenocrysts in the drainage basin (> 60%), and predominantly mudflow transport. End_of_Article - Last_Page 356------------
Inclusive Cross Sections for 180° Production of High-Energy Protons, Deuterons, and Tritons in p-Nucleus Collisions at 600 and 800 MeV

The inclusive cross sections, measured up to large values of effective mass ($\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{q}^{2}}{2\ensuremath{\nu}}$), are well fitted by $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{{d}^{3}p}={B}_{x}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{x}{p}^{2}}{2{m}_{x}})$. Values of ${B}_{x}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{x}$ are given for Be, C, Cu, and Ta at the incident proton energy of 600 MeV and for Ag, Ta, and Pt at 800 MeV. Extremely large $\frac{d}{p}$ and $\frac{t}{p}$ ratios and large $A$ and ${q}^{2}$ dependences of the relative cross sections are observed.
Between the General and the Particular: Reminiscences of Plato's Timaeus in Piotr Rawicz's Le sang du ciel

Piotr Rawicz's novel Le sang du ciel depicts a Jewish protagonist, Boris, who manages to escape the Nazi genocide and, as a result, doubts his own legitimacy to bear witness to the other Jews' fate during that period. His difficult relationships with the Jewish community find expression in an intertextual construction, founded on the ontocosmology developed in Plato's Timaeus. Boris uses—and sometimes perverts—Plato's world vision both to measure his own inauthenticity and to define new ways of creating a state of "fusion" with the "beings" surrounding him. Another technique to overcome Boris's inability to testify is the use of a frame narrative, which, moreover, sheds new light on the protagonist's identity as a witness.
Porosity of the gill, oxygen consumption and pumping rate in Cardium edule (L.) (Bivalvia)

Abstract The retention efficiency of Cardium edule was found to reach maximum at a particle diameter of about 7 µ. Below 1 µ probably no particles are retained. The pumping rate is described by the power equation P = 2.00 W0.58 1/hr, the oxygen uptake by R = 0.37 · W0.77 ml/hr, and the ratio P/R by F = 5.42 · W−0.18, where W is dry weight of soft tissue. This means that the energy available for growth and reproduction decreases with increasing body size. The fecundity in relation to size, food uptake and respiration is discussed.
Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treatment of eleven different forages: Improvements to fiber digestibility in vitro

With the increased attention to bioenergy and especially cellulosic ethanol, there are concerns regarding potential competition for available land between biofuels and feeds/foods. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), a pretreatment process for cellulosic ethanol, may also be used to improve ruminant digestibility of feedstuffs not traditionally used as forages. Eleven forages - including traditional forages, agricultural residues, and dedicated energy crops - were AFEX treated and digested in vitro with rumen inoculum. AFEX treatment improved 48-h neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) digestion for several moderately indigestible forages compared to untreated samples, but showed no improvement for highly digestible samples. Of particular interest are corn stover and late-harvest switchgrass, as AFEX treatment improved digestibility by 52% and 128% over untreated material, whereas the improvement was 74% and 70% over conventional ammonia treatment, respectively. The crude protein content of all treated samples increased to more than 100g/kg dry forage. This research strongly suggests that AFEX-treated feedstuffs can be competitive with traditional forages, and thus offer expanded options for ruminant feeding.
A Note on Supersymmetry in Noncommutative Field Theories

Abstract We show that a solution of the type IIB supergravity representing D3-branes in the presence of a 2-form background has 16 supersymmetries by explicitly constructing the transformation parameter of unbroken supersymmetry. This solution is dual to a noncommutative Yang–Mills theory in a certain limit.
Regio- and Chemoselective Covalent Immobilization of Proteins through Unnatural Amino Acids

A general approach was developed for the regio- and chemoselective covalent immobilization of soluble proteins on glass surfaces through an unnatural amino acid created by post-translationally modifying the cysteine residue in a CaaX recognition motif with functional groups suitable for “click” chemistry or a Staudinger ligation. Farnesyl diphosphate analogues bearing ω-azide or ω-alkyne moieties were attached to the cysteine residue in Cys-Val-Ile-Ala motifs at the C-termini of engineered versions of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) by protein farnesyltransferase. The derivatized proteins were attached to glass slides bearing linkers containing azide (“click” chemistry) or phosphine (Staudinger ligation) groups. “Click”-immobilized proteins were detected by fluorescently labeled antibodies and remained attached to the slide through two cycles of stripping under stringent conditions at 80 °C. GFP immobilized by a Staudinger ligation was detected by directly imagining the...
Controls on sublithospheric small-scale convection

[1] The Pacific upper mantle structures revealed from recent seismic studies prompt us to study the dynamics of sublithospheric small-scale convection (SSC) derived from thermal boundary layer instabilities of cooling lithosphere. As oceanic lithosphere cools and thickens, its sublayer may go unstable, thus producing SSC in the asthenosphere. By formulating two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) numerical models with realistic mantle rheology, we examine the controls on the onset time of SSC and its dynamic consequences. The onset of SSC is mainly controlled by two parameters: activation energy and asthenospheric viscosity, which can be recast as the FrankKamenetskii parameter q and a Rayleigh number Rai, respectively. Our models show that the onset time of SSC, tc, scales as Rai � 0.68 q 0.74 , independent of 2-D or 3-D geometry. Our scaling coefficient for q is significantly smaller than that from previous studies, but the weaker dependence on activation energy confirms the result of Korenaga and Jordan [2003]. We found that thermal structure associated with age offset across fracture zones has significant effects on the onset of SSC, and it causes the SSC to occur always first near the fracture zones. Asthenospheric thickness and plate motion may also have significant effects on the onset of SSC. When the thickness of asthenosphere is sufficiently small to be comparable with the wavelength of the SSC, the onset may be delayed significantly. Plate motion also tends to delay the onset of the SSC in our 2-D models. Although at the onset of SSC surface heat flux Q is consistent with the half-space cooling model prediction, Q may eventually deviate from the half-space cooling model prediction as thermal perturbations associated with SSC diffuse through the stable part of lithosphere or stagnant lid to the surface. We found that the time it takes for Q to deviate from the half-space cooling model after the onset of SSC, t, scales as Rai � 0.65 q 1.52 , while the thickness of the stagnant lid at the onset time, d, scales as Rai � 0.33 q 0.78 , which is consistent
Prototype studies for the CLEO III RICH

We describe a prototype RICH detector that has been built as part of design work for the CLEO III RICH. Cherenkov photons are produced in a LiF radiator, and are detected in a multiwire chamber with a CaF/sub 2/ entrance window containing a gas mixture of methane and TEA. Signals are read out from 2016 cathode pads using low noise Viking chips. First results from this prototype show a yield of 13 photoelectrons per image in agreement with our design studies.
Performance of a novel power-loading algorithm over uncoded and convolutionally coded OFDM systems

In this paper, a power-loading technique is presented for OFDM systems, which is a modified version of an existing power-loading algorithm that exhibits enhanced performance when compared to the latter under certain conditions. The impact of power loading on the coded OFDM system that uses convolutional codes is also studied. A comparative study is done to show the differences in performance of the proposed power- loading technique and certain existing ones. An analysis of the behavior of coded and uncoded systems towards power-loading is performed. The performance is evaluated in terms of the bit error probability of the system. Simulation results are used to validate the conclusions made.
The Igf2/H19 muscle enhancer is an active transcriptional complex

In eukaryotic cells, gene expression is mediated by enhancer activation of RNA polymerase at distant promoters. Recently, distinctions between enhancers and promoters have been blurred by the discovery that enhancers are associated with RNA polymerase and are sites of RNA synthesis. Here, we present an analysis of the insulin-like growth factor 2/H19 muscle enhancer. This enhancer includes a short conserved core element that is organized into chromatin typical of mammalian enhancers, binds tissue-specific transcription factors and functions on its own in vitro to activate promoter transcription. However, in a chromosomal context, this element is not sufficient to activate distant promoters. Instead, enhancer function also requires transcription in cis of a long non-coding RNA, Nctc1. Thus, the insulin-like growth factor 2/H19 enhancer is an active transcriptional complex whose own transcription is essential to its function.
Social and geographic correlates of the community adjustment of the chronically mentally ill

The study examined the influence of social and geographic variables on the level of community adjustment of 60 former state hospital patients. The results suggest the importance of a social-environmental strategy as a means to achieve positive changes in patients' adjustment to community living.
The genus Symploce Hebard. VII. African species (continued). (Dictyoptera: Blattaria, Blattellidae)

The following 4 new species of African Symploce are described: kanemensis, lundi, tchadiana, and togoana. Five species are redescribed, viz., armigera Princis, bifida Princis, relucens (Gerstaecker), royi Princis, and sudanica Rehn. The taxa are assigned to 2 species groups, and a key to males is given.
Cytomegalovirus infections during acute childhood leukemia.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were studied longitudinally in 88 leukemic children; 24 patients had cultural evidence of CMV infection at some point. There appeared to be a good correlation between excretion of virus (in urine and/or throat) and presence of complement-fixing (CF) and indirect-hemagglutination (IHA) antibody; however, a few patients had detectable antibody without excretion of virus and vice versa. Compared with patients not excreting virus, patients shedding CMV had significantly more episodes of pneumonitis and fever with rash but did not have more episodes of hepatitis, fever of unknown origin, or upper respiratory-tract infections. Clinical syndromes attributed to CMV correlated with fourfold rises in CMV antibody titer only during hematologic remission. However, dissemination of CMV occurred during hematologic relapse as well as during remission. Three patients who died after fourfold rises in CMV antibody had postmortem evidence of dissemination. Excretion of virus did not correlate with hematologic relapse, appearance of symptoms, antibody levels, or lymphocyte transformation against CMV. These data suggest that the urine and throat should be repeatedly cultured to detect infection with CMV. Moreover, to diagnose disseminated CMV infections in acute childhood leukemia, it may be necessary to repeatedly determine levels of antibody to CMV.
Sex and dominance behavior in the rat

Twenty male rats competed against 20 females under survival motivation. In each pair (male vs female) the competitor that forced its opponent back to escape from the underwater tube was considered to be the dominant one of the pair. Nine males and 10 females were dominant, indicating that in the survival competition the males and females do not differ significantly in dominance behavior. The results are in accord with those of Warren & Maroney (1958) who reported that dominance behavior of the rhesus monkey is not related to sex.
Nonequilibrium quantum statistics; Application to the laser

Abstract A method is presented for describing a general nonequilibrium system in contact with a reservoir in terms of the correlation functions of its quantized field operators. Equations of motion for these correlation functions are derived for a system of multilevel moving atoms interacting with the radiation field, which interacts in turn with the reservoir system. In an appropriate limit these equations are shown to include the usual rate equations for the level distributions. A simple and rigorous description of the influence of a cavity and an optical pump is derived and other types of reservoir coupling are briefly discussed. This description is then applied to a model of a gas laser. The breakdown of the linear theory at the usual lasing threshold suggests consideration of nonlinear terms, which are developed in an expansion in the field strength. Using only the first nonlinear term we find the equations of Lamb by examining the stability of pure modes of the radiation field. An analysis of the incoherent part of the field shows, however, that the existence of a pure mode is precluded by the presence of spontaneous emission of radiation. Nevertheless a value of the linewidth can be plausibly derived from this calculation and is found to be half the Townes value with correction terms. A further discussion of the laser is presented in which the presence of a pure mode is not assumed. It is shown that while a simple incoherent perturbation theory gives divergences, a more self-consistent calculation taking partial coherence into account gives the same results made plausible by pure mode theory.
Quantum Gel'fand-Levitan method as a generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation

Abstract The operator Gel'fand-Levitan method for the quantized nonlinear Schrodinger equation is shown to reduce to a Jordan-Wigner transformation in the limit of infinite repulsion. This result is used to obtain a representation for the finite density correlation function at zero temperature.
Incoherent self-similarities of the coupled amplified nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

Self-similar propagation in a system of coupled amplified nonlinear Schrodinger equations is studied. We find that each individual amplified nonlinear Schrodinger equation can sustain a component similariton with a quadratic phase, which is the asymptotic self-similar solution of the corresponding equation. Under a width-matching condition, the incoherent summation of all the component similaritons leads to another similariton with parabolic profile. Numerical simulations show that this incoherent parabolic similariton maintains all the characteristics of its coherent counterpart.
Novel high‐temperature‐resistant metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers

New metal phthalocyanine imide copolymers with high thermal stability, based on the reaction between metal (11) 4,4′,4″,4‴-phthalocyaninetetraamine, 4-aminophenylether, and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, were prepared. Infrared (IR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and viscosity measurements were used to characterize these polymers. All polymers exhibited good thermal and thermooxidative stability at polymer decomposition temperatures (PDT) greater than 500°C in air and nitrogen atmosphere. Another attractive feature is their high char yields—60–75% at 800°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The ratio of the polymer decomposition temperatures in air and nitrogen atmospheres, (PDTair)/(PDT N 2), varied from 0.94 to 0.98. These polymers have promising applications in heat-stable films, fibers, and coatings.
Studies on renal adaptation to altered dietary amino acid intake: reduced renal cortex taurine content increases the Vmax of taurine uptake by brush border membrane vesicles.

Rats were placed on a normal taurine diet (NTD), low taurine diet (LTD) or a high taurine diet (HTD) for 14 days. β-Alanine was fed to half of the animals in each group and resulted in a lowered renal cortex taurine content. Brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) uptake of taurine was higher after β-alanine feeding and was associated with an increase in Vmax of uptake. β-Alanine feeding to HTD animals also altered the Km of uptake, possibly since the load of sulfur amino acids (6% of diet) was high. As a control, glycine (3%) feeding for 8 days along with each diet did not alter the plasma or renal cortex content; BBMV uptake as well as Km and Vmax of taurine accumulation were minimally altered. Accordingly, ingestion of a non-sulfur-containing α-amino acid did not change β-amino acid transport. This study provides evidence that whole body taurine homeostasis is maintained in the presence of a taurine-depleting agent (β-alanine feeding) by an increase in the number of Na+-taurine uptake sites.
Multiagent jamming-resilient control channel game for cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Control channel jamming is a severe security problem in wireless networks. This results from the fact that the attackers can effectively launch the denial of service attacks by jamming the control channels. Traditional approaches to combating this problem such as channel hopping sequences may not be the secure solution against intelligent attackers because the reliability of control channels in cognitive radio ad hoc networks cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, we introduce a jamming-resilient control channel (JRCC) game to model the interactions among cognitive radio users and the attacker under the impact of primary user activity. We propose the JRCC algorithm that enables user cooperation to facilitate control channel allocations and adapts to primary user activity with variable learning rates using the Win-or-Learn-Fast principle for jamming-resilience in hostile environments. It is shown that the optimal strategies converge to a Nash equilibrium or the expected rewards of the strategies converge to that of a Nash equilibrium. The results also show that the JRCC algorithm effectively combats jamming under the impact of primary user activity and sensing errors. Moreover, the control channel allocation policy can be improved by enhancing transmission and sensing capabilities. The proposed algorithm is scalable and can be applied to multiple users.
The Spanish American Regional Novel: Modernity and Autochthony

Acknowledgements 1. The exoticism of the autochthonous 2. The novela de la tierra 3. Don Segundo Sombra 4. Dona Barbara 5. La voragine 6. Epilogue Bibliography.
Nested externalities and polycentric institutions: must we wait for global solutions to climate change before taking actions at other scales?

The literature on global climate change has largely ignored the small but positive steps that many public and private actors are taking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A global policy is frequently posited as the only strategy needed. It is important to balance the major attention on global solutions as the only strategy for coping with climate change. Positive actions are underway at multiple, smaller scales to start the process of climate change mitigation. Researchers need to understand the strength of polycentric systems where enterprises at multiple levels may complement each other. Building a global regime is a necessity, but encouraging the emergence of a polycentric system starts the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and acts as a spur to international regimes to do their part.
An Important Double Bond: Effects of 22:5n-6 vs. 22:6n-3 on Visual Signal Transduction

In a normal, healthy retinal rod outer segment 40% to 50% of the phospholipid acyl chains consist of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Diets that are deficient in n-3, or ω-3, fatty acids lead to the replacement of 22:6n-3 with 22:5n6. Dietary n-3 deficiency leads to a spectrum of developmental disorders associated with learning, memory, intelligence, and visual function. We examined rhodopsin, transducin (Gt) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) function and acyl chain packing in large unilamellar proteoliposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholines with sn-1 = 18:0, and sn-2 = 22:6n-3, 22:5n-6 or 22:5n-3. Rhodopsin activation and binding to Gt was assayed with steady-state and time-resolved UV/vis spectroscopy, acyl chain packing was assessed via time-resolved fluorescence of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and PDE activity was determined from the change in pH due to hydrolysis of cyclic GMP. The motion of DPH in the membrane was slower in 22:5n-6 than in 22:6n-3 and overall acyl chain packing was more constrained. The most significant structural difference between the 22:5n-6 containing bilayer and bilayers containing both n-3 polyunsaturates was in the bilayer mid plane where 22:5n-6 produced much higher DPH orientational order. At physiological temperature the formation of both the active metarhodopsin II conformation (MII) and the MII-Gt complex was much slower in 18:0,22:5n-6 PC than in 18:0,22:6n-3 PC and the equilibrium amount of MII formed was 50% higher in 18:0,22:6n-3 PC. In 18:0,22:5n-6 PC PDE activity at a physiologically relevant level of rhodopsin activation is only about 60% of that observed in either 18:0,22:6n-3 PC or 18:0,22:5n-3 PC. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the subtle change in bond configuration from 22:6n-3 to 22:5n-6 produces more structured acyl chain packing in the bilayer midplane, leading to delayed and reduced MII-Gt interaction and PDE function.
Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) Sensor For Autonomous Vehicles

A compact, lightweight, reliable, high performance Mini-FLIR designed for autonomous operation will be described. The heart of the unit is the scanner which includes the mechanical raster scanner, the detector array, and the electronics. The basic scanner unit is a cylinder 4 inches in diameter by 5 inches long, weighing only 3.5 lb. (1.59 Kg). It operates in the 8 to 12 pm spectral region and has a field of view (FOV) of 30 by 40 degrees. It can be combined with different optical systems to provide a wide range of capability for a variety of military and commercial applications. Mechanical scanning of the FOV is accomplished with a 525-line raster at a field/frame rate of 60/30 per second. Serial scan techniques are employed, using two multi-element arrays of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detectors, with the two arrays time=-hared and combined through an acoustic delay line. The number of detectors can be chosen for the degree of sensitivity required. Thermal compensation of the optical system is provided to maintain the FLIR in focus over a wide temperature range. Pictures of the Mini-FLIR as packaged with multiple FOV optics for remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) and missile seeker applications will be presented.
Red and Green: Air Pollution Levels and Left Party Power in OECD Countries:

Recent review articles in environmental policy have called for more rigorous cross-national tests and for better integration with the standard literature on comparative politics and political economy. In this paper we take a first step in that direction, examining the relationship between air pollution and left party strength in seventeen OECD countries. Despite theoretical salience and political relevance, we know of no previous attempt of this sort. Three competing hypotheses exist. First, because of an historic agenda which emphasizes maximum employment and material welfare for the working class, left party strength might be associated with lower than normal environmental quality. Second, given the belief in government intervention to socialize the negative externalities of market capitalism, left party strength might motivate higher than normal environmental quality. Third, despite observed variations in agenda setting, policy formulation, and implementation, skeptics have often replied, “different st...
The Sterilization of Sweet Cream for Market Purposes

Summary The important factors in the preparation of a sweet, sterile cream have been discussed. Such a product may best be prepared by preheating a cream containing 20 per cent butterfat to 80°C., homogenizing at 3000 pounds’ pressure, cooling, placing in bottles of the soda water type, and sterilizing at 118°C. for 12 to 14 minutes. This product will not whip easily. It will keep indefinitely without a seriously objectionable change in flavor or separation of the butterfat.