cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical modeling of voltage effects and the chemical mechanism in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Theoretical approaches can provide insight into the mechanisms and magnitudes of electromagnetic and chemical effects in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), properties that are not readily available experimentally. Here, we model the SERS spectra of two geometries of the prototypical Ag20-pyridine cluster using a semiempirical INDO/SCI approach that allows a straightforward decomposition of the enhancement factors at each wavelength into electromagnetic and chemical terms, with proper treatment of resonant charge-transfer contributions to the enhancement. The method also enables us to determine the dependence of the enhancement on the electrochemical potential. We show that the electromagnetic enhancements for the Ag20 cluster are 102 at electrochemical potentials where the charge-transfer excited states are resonant with the incoming light, leading to total enhancements of >104.
A preliminary exploration of education values, distress, and acceptance among self-identified white and non-white incoming college freshmen at a private university

Abstract This exploratory study examined factors that contribute to psychological distress within racial majority and minority undergraduate students. Using a dataset obtained from a larger study ( Danitz, Suvak, & Orsillo, 2016 ), we explored the relationship between acceptance, academic values, and psychological distress across these two groups. Participants included 186 undergraduate students (71.5% self-identified as White) enrolled in a private urban university located in the northeastern U.S. Results revealed no significant differences in psychological distress or acceptance across majority/minority groups. Racial majority students who endorsed higher acceptance and educational values reported psychological well-being, although this relationship was less robust in minority students. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Indoor Navigation Aid System Using No Positioning Technique for Visually Impaired People

We propose a novel navigation aid system that assists the visually impaired to travel in unfamiliar indoor environments independently. The main idea of the proposed system is that it does not employ any of indoor positioning techniques. Instead, the system generates shoreline based optimal paths including a series of recognizable landmarks and detailed instructions, which enables the visually impaired to navigate to their destinations by listening the instructions on their smartphones. The paths and instructions are generated on a computer installed on an indoor kiosk where the visually impaired enters his or her destination, and then the generated instructions are wirelessly transfered to the user’s smartphone. To validate the proposed system, we developed an Android-based smartphone App and conducted the user study with three visually impaired participants. The study shows that the proposed idea is feasible, useful and potential.
Agriculture and Irrigation in Egypt

This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of agriculture and irrigation in Egypt, background of agriculture and irrigation in Egypt, scope of the chapter, cooperative relations, conflicts and divergent perceptions, Egypt and Ethiopia behind the renaissance dam, doctrines, principles and practices of international law, doctrines and international conventions, principles and rules.
AUGMENTED BINDING OF TUMOR CELLS BY ACTIVATED MURINE MACROPHAGES AND ITS RELEVANCE TO TUMOR CYTOTOXICITY

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the augmented binding of tumor cells by activated murine macrophages and its relevance to tumor cytotoxicity. Macrophages activated by a variety of infectious agents are able to destroy tumor cells efficiently in vitro. Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity is target selective, as neoplastically transformed cells are lysed in preference to their nontransformed counterparts. Both microscopic and cine-microscopic observations of activated MΦ-tumor cell cultures have further revealed clustering of activated MΦ about tumor cells that are lysed. Macrophages activated in a variety of ways in vivo and in vitro selectively bind neoplastic targets to an augmented degree. The augmented binding, which is inhibited by plasma membranes of tumor cells, is saturable, competitively inhibitable, and dependent upon trypsinsensitive surface components and has two functional consequences, which include cytolysis of the bound targets and secretion of a lytic proteinase. The augmented binding, thus, has many characteristics of the specific interaction between ligand and receptor. The low-level binding seen between numerous cell pairs in culture has many characteristics of nonspecific binding. The capacity for augmented binding is mediated by receptors on the macrophages for structures contained within the plasma membranes of neoplastic cells.
The many roads to Rome: family resemblance concepts in the social sciences

What are the different ways in which family resemblance conceptual structures can be used in the social sciences? When should they be used and what are the specific advantages and challenges they pose? What are the descriptive and causal implications derived from their use? This paper advances our understanding of these conceptual structures by answering these questions and illustrating them with examples from established scholarship in political science. The paper first breaks down the broad category of family resemblance concepts into three types of structures, using set theoretic logic: individual sufficiency, INUS, and mixed structures. Second, we discuss when these alternative structures are more useful for concept formation, proposing three different prototypical situations to use them: when we seek to disaggregate an abstract attribute, when our concept relies on the negation of classic concepts, and when our concept rests on what we label as cumulative signification. Third, the paper introduces the logic of subtype formation in family resemblance and compares it with classical subtypes, showing that unlike the latter, subtypes in family resemblance do not require additional attributes; sufficient combinations of the main concept can at the same time be subtypes. Forth, the paper analyzes the descriptive and causal implications of using family resemblance conceptual structures, showing a trade-off between empirical differentiation and potential causal heterogeneity. A concluding section evaluates some misuses of family resemblance, highlighting the importance of avoiding empirical and theoretical pitfalls.
The development or worsening of hypertension after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) improves short-term and long-term patient outcomes.

Objectives In patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease who are at intermediate to high risk for open surgical aortic valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) decreases overall mortality and improves quality of life. Hypertension (HTN) after TAVR has been associated with improved cardiac function and short-term survival but its effect on survival over 1 year is unclear. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of HTN following TAVR on short-term and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes Methods A retrospective chart review case–control study of 343 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between August 2012 and November 2016 was performed to elucidate the relationship between HTN and post-TAVR outcomes. Results 193 patients who underwent TAVR (56.2%) developed or had a worsening of their HTN after TAVR. The development of post-TAVR HTN was associated with a significantly better overall survival at 1 year (89% vs 67%, p Conclusions The development or worsening of HTN after TAVR is associated with improved overall survival despite an increase in postprocedural HF exacerbations and antihypertensive medication utilisation. The outcomes of this study could be important in postoperative management of patients who underwent TAVR.
Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

The immune system operates by maintaining a tight balance between coordinating responses against foreign antigens and maintaining an unresponsive state against self-antigens as well as antigens derived from commensal organisms. The disruption of this immune homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation and to the development of autoimmunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system involved in activating naive T cells to initiate immune responses against foreign antigens. However, DCs can also be differentiated into TolDCs that act to maintain and promote T cell tolerance and to suppress effector cells contributing to the development of either autoimmune or chronic inflammation conditions. The recent advancement in our understanding of TolDCs suggests that DC tolerance can be achieved by modulating their differentiation conditions. This phenomenon has led to tremendous growth in developing TolDC therapies for numerous immune disorders caused due to break in immune tolerance. Successful studies in preclinical autoimmunity murine models have further validated the immunotherapeutic utility of TolDCs in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Today, TolDCs have become a promising immunotherapeutic tool in the clinic for reinstating immune tolerance in various immune disorders by targeting pathogenic autoimmune responses while leaving protective immunity intact. Although an array of strategies has been proposed by multiple labs to induce TolDCs, there is no consistency in characterizing the cellular and functional phenotype of these cells. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide for the development of bone marrow-derived DCs in large numbers, a unique method used to differentiate them into TolDCs with a synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid-difluoro-propyl-amide (CDDO-DFPA), and the techniques used to confirm their phenotype, including analyses of essential molecular signatures of TolDCs. Finally, we show a method to assess TolDC function by testing their immunosuppressive response in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis.
The Somatopause: Should Growth Hormone Deficiency in Older People Be Treated?

Secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland progressively declines beginning in early adult life, a phenomenon which is termed "the somatopause." The observation that many of the changes which occur with advancing age are opposite to the physiologic effects of GH suggests that declining levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), the mediator of many of the actions of GH, may be responsible for some of these changes. This article reviews the current understanding of mechanisms underlying the somatopause, the changes of aging which may result from diminished activity of the GH-IGF-I axis, the evidence which suggests that GH "replacement therapy" may reverse these changes, and the risks of treating somatopause with GH replacement.
Is There a Role for Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Patients?

On initial reflection, consideration of beta-blockade in the therapy of heart failure (HF) patients seems paradoxical. In most discussions of the therapeutics of congestive heart failure, beta-blockers are listed as contraindicated, given their known negative inotropic potential. The general perception that beta-blockers are contraindicated is adequately supported by clinical anecdotes, in which the administration of beta-blocker therapy (usually intravenously) in patients with acute or subacute and medically uncompensated HF has led to dramatic adverse reactions such as acute pulmonary edema and low output syndrome with hypotension and shock. Thus, the consideration of beta-blockade for therapy of HF patients would appear heretical based on conventional medical wisdom. Nevertheless, standard therapy for HF, while controlling symptoms in the short term, appears to have had little impact on the dismal natural history of the disease (1–4). Given this poor prognosis, the testing of new and unconventional approaches to chronic HF is appropriate. In this regard, it is of interest that despite the obvious danger in administering intravenous and full-dose beta-blocking drugs in acute HF, giving carefully titrated oral doses to patients with medically compensated, chronic HF is gaining increasing clinical and experimental support.
Changing antibiotic resistance patterns for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections

Beta-lactam antibiotics such as cefazolin are first-line agents for preoperative prophylaxis, whereas clindamycin is often administered to patients with a reported penicillin allergy. 1 Recent studies have reported increased resistance to clindamycin in Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolates from both pediatric and adult populations, and these changes may have implications for surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis and empirical management. 2 , 3 Antibiotic resistance trends of SA isolates recovered from SSIs in adults in the United States have not been recently described.
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria-Induced Defense Against Insect Herbivores

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant health and productivity by providing protection to plants from diseases and pests and enhancing plant growth. PGPR induce systemic resistance (ISR) against microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects. There are limited studies that show the induction of systemic resistance in crop plants against insect pests. Commonly used PGPR genera in insect pest control include Pseudomonas , Bacillus , Burkholderia, Xenorhabdus, Photorhabdus , Agrobacterium, Streptomyces, etc. PGPR suppress the activity of insect pests by inducing systemic resistance that results in the production of secondary metabolites (terpenes, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, etc.) and some display direct insect pathogenicity. This chapter focused on PGPR-induced defense against insect pest in field crops with emphasis on the mechanism of action involved against insect pests. PGPR-mediated biochemical and physical changes in the host plants that display insect pathogenicity, methods mixtures application, and challenges associated with their use of PGPR in sustainable agriculture.
Reflections and Prospects of the Gerontological Social Work Training and Education: The AGESW Pre-Dissertation Fellows Program

The demand for professional training, mentorship, and research in the field of aging is expected to increase remarkably. Recent statistics indicate that less than 8% of social work students nationwide specialize in gerontology; however, a significant amount of social work graduates, regardless of their specialization at school, serve older adults in various health care settings. In addition, the aging populations that social work graduates serve are becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. In order to address this issue, it is critical to support students and emerging scholars to not only become more competent in gerontological social work, but also engage in culturally competent research and practices. In this commentary, I described my experiences as a former fellow of the AGESW (Association for Gerontology Education in Social Work) Pre-Dissertation Fellows Program that fosters doctoral students in the field of gerontological social work. The program helps its fellows comprehend basic principles of doctoral education, develop strong professional networks with other colleagues and mentors across the country, and respect diversity in the population we serve as well as those within our own fellow group.
Strategic adaptation of US rural hospitals during an era of limited financial resources: a longitudinal study, 1983 to 1993.

This research investigated the competing effects of environmental and organizational pressures on rural hospitals' revenue‐enhancing and cost‐containment strategies from 1983 to 1993. In general, organizational pressures (multihospital system membership and non‐government control) exerted more influence than environmental ones. Also, strategies generally were sustained over time and were particularly interdependent with hospitals' maintenance of staffed beds. Strategies did respond to environmental pressures, however, with revenue enhancement associated with local market competition and munificence, and cost containment associated with pressures from Medicare reimbursement.
Type 7: Harassment Discrimination in the Police Workplace

Policework is a highly bureaucratized traditional male-dominated occupation. This myopic description has changed somewhat in modern societies moving to a work world without strict gender categories. However, the introduction of females into the police workplace as equal partners has not been without controversy and the transition is not complete.
Chapter 112 – Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels

Publisher Summary Ca2+ channels in many different cell types activate upon membrane depolarization, and mediate Ca2+ influx in response to action potentials and sub-threshold depolarizing signals. Signal transduction in different cell types involves different molecular subtypes of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, which mediate voltage-gated Ca2+ currents with different physiological, pharmacological, and regulatory properties. The initial analyses of functional expression of Ca2+ channel subunits were carried out with skeletal muscle Ca2+ channels. The diversity of Ca2+ channel structure and function is substantially enhanced by multiple β subunits. Intensive studies of the structure and function of the related pore-forming subunits of Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels have led to identification of their principal functional domains. An emerging theme in cell signaling is that Ca2+ transients are local, requiring close association between the proteins that generate Ca2+ signals and the proteins that serve as effectors and regulators of Ca2+ signaling. Examples of localized Ca2+ signaling mediated by Ca2+ channel signaling complexes are discussed.
Association of geriatric conditions with survival and health care use in older adults with colon cancer living in long-term care facilities.

12045Background: Older adults with colon cancer residing in nursing homes are at risk for experiencing geriatric conditions such as cognitive decline, limitations in activities of daily living (ADL...
Place Matters: Rivalry, Rival Perceptions, and the Influence of Exposure and Proximity

This chapter uses two studies to illustrate the use of the Sport Rivalry Fan Perception Scale (SRFPS) by investigating differences in rival perceptions based on exposure and relative proximity to the out-group. Specifically, Study 1 examined how having visited the city where the rival team plays outside of sport consumption influenced perceptions of the rival team, and Study 2 compared how college students at the University of Colorado, Colorado State University, and the University of Wyoming viewed their rival schools. Results showed that both out-group exposure and relative proximity influenced participant rival perceptions. Taken together, the studies added further support for using the SRFPS and added to the literature on rivalry and group behavior. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
The Price They Pay

It is impossible to be all things to all people all the time. HR, OD, and coaching professionals are often “squeezed” between their obligations to both senior leaders and employees. Employees often feel betrayed by their decision-making, which is often not their own but merely direction from senior management. This dual situation of being both an advocate/implementer of management decisions and a protector of employees also creates emotional drain and burnout. Takeaways for Practitioners An understanding of how their dual role—to implement management strategies and also to advocate for employees—often creates a no-win situation for toxin handlers Insight into why organizational toxin handlers are sometimes viewed as a “friend” to employees or as “organizational assassin” Insight into the impact of the role on their personal health and well-being, as well as potential limitations to their career advancement.
The Impact of an Action Civics Program on the Community & Political Engagement of Youth

This study present findings related to students’ community and political engagement and activism after participation in an action civics institute. The institute, iEngage, is a weeklong summer expe...
PEGylation enables subcutaneously administered nanoparticles to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance.

Abstract The development of nanomaterials to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance has shown promise for treating autoimmune diseases. While PEGylation has been widely used to reduce host immune responses to nanomaterials, its tolerogenic potential has not been reported. Here, we report for the first time that a subcutaneous injection of PEGylated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing auto-antigen peptide MOG35–55 without any tolerogenic drugs is sufficient to dramatically ameliorate symptoms after disease onset in an antigen-specific manner in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neither free MOG35–55 nor particles without PEG exhibit this efficacy. Interestingly, mechanistic studies indicate that PEGylation of nanoparticles does not reduce dendritic cell activation through direct nanoparticle-cell interactions. Instead, PEGylated nanoparticles induce lower complement activation, neutrophil recruitment, and co-stimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells around the injection sitecompared to non-PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles, creating a more tolerogenic microenvironment in vivo. We further demonstrate that the locally recruited dendritic cells traffic to lymphoid organs to induce T cell tolerance. These results highlight the critical role of surface properties of nanomaterials in inducing immune tolerance via subcutaneous administration.
Conflict and Community: Outcomes of South Asian Indian American Students’ Involvement Within Christian Student Organizations

Research concerning Indian American Christian college students’ experiences is virtually non-existent, leaving scholars and student affairs professionals lacking empirical data to support this popu...
Complete Primary Structure of Human Histocompatibility Antigen HLA-B7

Tissue grafts cannot be exchanged successfully in the absence of immuno-suppression, except between syngeneic strains or identical twins. From a biochemical standpoint, each individual of a species carries on the surface of its cells substances now known to be glycoproteins that are recognized by every other individual of that species as foreign. These glycoproteins are the products of a highly polymorphic genetic system, first discovered through mouse-breeding studies. Largely through the efforts of Peter Gorer in England and George Snell in Bar Harbor, a region was identified, called the H-2 region, differences at which are the two major histocompatibility antigens, called H-2K and H-2D, were products of two genetic loci in the H-2 region on the 17th mouse chromosome. Subsequently, a variety of othr loci have been identified that are in some manner involved in graf rejection or acceptance. This region is organized similarly in all species that have been examined and is now called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Le juge national américain et le droit de l’environnement (The United States Judge and Environmental Law)

French Abstract: Cette contribution provient d’une intervention au cours de la conference Prendre la responsabilite au serieux, qui eut lieu au College de France en juin 2015 et qui avait pour objet de nourrir les travaux du sommet sur le climat de l’ONU a Paris en decembre 2015. S’adressant surtout a un public europeen, cet essai trace les temps forts du droit de l’environnement aux Etats-Unis en tâchant d’eclaircir la dynamique d’interaction entre sa cour supreme et l’Environmental Protection Agency, agence chargee d’ecrire les reglementations concernant l’environnement et d’assurer leur execution.English Abstract: This chapter stems from a talk delivered at the College de France in June of 2015 at a conference on environmental law that the French government designated as preparatory and advisory to the United Nations conference on the environment to take place in December, 2015. Addressed primarily to a European audience, it outlines developments in United States environmental law with a particular focus on the dynamic of interaction between the United States Supreme Court and the Equal Protection Agency.
Invasive plants: approaches and predictions

Successful management of invasive weeds will require active attempts to prevent new introductions, vigilant detection of nascent populations and persistent efforts to eradicate the worst invaders. To achieve these objectives, invasion ecology offers five groups of complementary approaches. (i) Stochastic approaches allow probabilistic predictions about potential invaders based on initial population size, residence time and number of introduction attempts. (ii) Empirical taxon-specific approaches are based on previously documented invasions of particular taxa. (iii) Evaluations of the biological characters of non-invasive taxa and successful invaders give rise either to general or to habitat-specific screening procedures. (iv) Evaluation of environmental compatibility helps to predict whether a particular plant taxon can invade specific habitats. (v) Experimental approaches attempt to tease apart intrinsic and extrinsic factors underlying invasion success. An emerging theory of plant invasiveness based on biological characters has resulted in several rather robust predictions which are presented in this paper.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING MATURITY MODEL

While there is a growing interest in developing a systems engineering maturity model, there are alternatives for model development other than the SEI software process maturity model. An alternative maturity model based on metrics related to quality of product and complexity of systems engineering is proposed. The proposed model is much simplier to implement and can encompass all types of systems engineering.
Reactions of adsorbed pyrene and perylene with gaseous N2O5 under simulated atmospheric conditions

Abstract We report here results of studies concerning the reactions of two representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), pyrene and perylene, adsorbed on glass fiber filters, towards gaseous N 2 O 5 , NO 3 radicals, NO 2 and HNO 3 at part-per-million or lower concentrations and at ⩽ 5% relative humidity. These exposures were carried out in a passive mode in an ~ 6400-l all-Teflon environmental chamber. As is the case for naphthalene vapor, neither adsorbed pyrene nor perylene reacted to any observable extent with the NO 3 radical. However, pyrene reacted rapidly with N 2 O 3 to form 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) with a 60–70% yield after 50 min exposure to an initial N 2 O 5 concentration of 1.5 ppm. Under these conditions, no reaction of perylene with N 2 O 5 was observed. In control runs of the same duration, neither pyrene nor perylene reacted significantly ( 3 but, consistent with earlier studies, a ~ 3% yield of 3-nitroperylene (and NO 2 + 0.35 ppm HNO 3 . These data show for the first time that gas phase N 2 O 5 can be a strong nitrating agent for adsorbed pyrene to produce 1-nitropyrene, a powerful bacterial mutagen. Clearly, uncertainties occur in extrapolating our laboratory data to ambient atmospheres. However, when our results are combined with estimated N 2 O 5 concentrations of up to ~ 15 ppb in polluted night-time atmospheres, they suggest that nitro-PAH, could be formed at significant rates in ambient air.
Localized delivery of heparin to angioplasty sites with iontophoresis

Drug delivery by iontophoresis involves the application of an electric field to move selectively charged drug molecules across biological membranes. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of intravascular iontophoresis in the local delivery of heparin to balloon angioplasty sites by using a recently designed iontophoretic catheter. In vivo heparin iontophoresis was assessed in 33 rats and 21 pigs in four protocols designed to measure the technical determinants of intramural drug deposition, the pharmacokinetics and localization of coronary delivery, and the effect of this technique on platelet deposition following balloon injury. First, iontophoresis of 3H-heparin into the aorta of 33 rats was performed to determine the effects of iontophoretic current, iontophoretic membrane balloon inflation pressure, iontophoresis time, and heparin concentration on intramural drug deposition. Second, iontophoresis of 3H-heparin was performed in 16 porcine coronary arteries to quantitate immediate drug delivery and subsequent wash-out over 24 h. Third, iontophoresis of fluorescent heparin was performed in 8 porcine coronary arteries to define intramural localization of locally delivered drug. Fourth, 111In-labeled platelet deposition was measured 1 h following balloon angioplasty and local iontophoretic heparin delivery in 16 porcine carotid and iliac vessels. Contralateral control vessels that were dilated with the same size balloon and treated with iontophoresis of saline served as controls. Rat aortic studies demonstrated that iontophoresis resulted in 13 times more intramural heparin deposition than passive delivery (passive: 0.3 ± 0.4 μg, iontophoresis: 4.6 ± 1.6 μg, P < 0.0004). Iontophoretic membrane balloon inflation pressure had no significant effect on intramural drug deposition, but longer iontophoresis times and higher heparin concentrations resulted in higher levels of intramural heparin (P < 0.05). Porcine coronary studies demonstrated successful intramural deposition of heparin in all arteries without adverse electrical or hemodynamic sequelae, with persistence of the drug for at least 24 h. Localization studies demonstrated immediate deposition of fluorescent heparin in the intima and internal elastic lamina, with subsequent rapid diffusion of the drug into the media. Porcine platelet studies demonstrated that heparin iontophoresis decreased platelet deposition following balloon injury by approximately 66% compared with saline-treated control vessels (heparin-treated: 1.46 ± 2.51 × 108, control: 4.27 ± 7.02 × 108, P = 0.001). This study has demonstrated that local intramural heparin delivery is feasible with an intravascular iontophoretic catheter. Following intracoronary heparin iontophoresis in the porcine model, intramural drug is detected for at least 24 h. Local delivery of heparin with this technique significantly decreases early platelet deposition following balloon injury in peripheral porcine arteries. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41:315–323, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improved flux pinning through Ce additions in melt textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Abstract The effects of CeO2 and BaCeO3 additions on the magnetic properties of melt textured Yba2Cu3O7-δ compared to samples without Ce-based additions. The Ce-based additions are found to produce a ‘peak effect’ in the magnetic hysteresis loop.
Two-phase charge coupled linear imaging devices with self-aligned implanted barrier

A buried channel, two-phase CCD analog shift register with self-aligned implanted barriers has shown high charge transfer efficiency with standard 5 volt clocks at 10 MHz bit rates. Two linear image sensors which employ these CCD registers demonstrate the ease of use and the high quality of image reproduction that results from these properties.
Lessons Learned in Scaling Up Effective Practices: Implications for Promoting Self-Determination within Developmental Disabilities

The public's increasing demands for greater accountability and a better return on investment from research supported by federal funding requires that organizations studying and solving problems in areas like health, education, disability, and child mental health document the impact of their work. Human service and educational professionals agree that implementation science is the missing link that connects research outcomes to the delivery of effective practices. Implementation science informs the scaling up of effective practices and addresses critical issues like social marketing, adoption decisions, capacity building, training, technical assistance, consumer participation and satisfaction, and long-term impact. There has been a dearth of evidence-based scaling up efforts in the field of developmental disabilities, particularly in relation to self-determination, yet the demonstrated benefits of self-determination justify its scaling up and broad-based diffusion. This article addresses the following topi...
Applied Geography from the Perspective of the Administration in Public Universities and Colleges

Applied geography can contribute to the university goals through linkage of students and graduates to the local labor market, improving student success and graduation rates, job creation through discoveries and technology transfer, and the strengthening of problem-focused, multi-disciplinary research teams. All of these activities strengthen the university, and contribute to the recognition of the centrality of applied geography to the curriculum.
Thiabendazole-based taste aversions in dingoes (Canis familiaris dingo) and New Guinea wild dogs (Canis familiaris hallstromi)

Abstract Two experiments were conducted on captive dingoes ( Canis familiaris dingo ) and New Guinea wild dogs ( Canis familiaris hallstromi ) to evaluate: (1) whether these dogs will acquire conditioned food aversions; and (2) to investigate the use of thiabendazole for establishing illness-based food aversions. Of 14 dogs fed thiabendazole-treated lamb, only one continued to consume untreated lamb meat. All 5 dogs which were fed lamb on the same schedules as the treatment animals continued to consume all of the lamb presented. Clearly, thiabendazole produces conditioned taste aversions, and further research for application to canine damage control problems seems justified.
Reinforcements for ceramic-matrix composites for elevated temperature applications

The efficacy of short fiber reinforcements (SiC whiskers) to inhibit creep deformation in a polycrystalline ceramic (Al2O3) is described and proposed models of their observed behavior are introduced. Equivalent experimental creep data are not yet available for the oxide-oxide continuous-fiber-reinforced composites that are in development. However, the fibers that are being developed for such composites have been characterized; strength, creep and creep rupture data are becoming available and recent results are reported here. Fabrication of composites with these fibers requires new interfacial coatings that are in development.
Developing a survey to identify IT consultant skills for incorporating in the IS curriculum

In this paper, we describe the research questions and methodology for a research project investigating excellent performance in Information Technology consulting, both technical and behavioral attributes. Exploratory qualitative data will be gathered using a multi-city focus group and interviews with IT consultants. Based upon the exploratory data and the IS skills literature, a survey will also be created, validated, and conducted for a large consulting population. In our analysis, we will compare the skills of IT consultants with other IT professionals. We will recommend how IS curriculum should be structured to fill these needs. At the time of the conference, we will be able to report on the qualitative data based upon the focus groups and interviews. We will also share our validated survey.
Effect of ovariectomy on pituitary secretion of ACTH.

The effects of prepuberal gonadectomy on pituitary secretion of ACTH were studied in adult female rats. Plasma concentrations of ACTH in unstressed, adrenalectomized rats were decreased following ovariectomy to 76% (95% confidence limits 62–92%) of the control level. A comparable difference was also observed after the stress of ether anesthesia in rats with adrenals intact (57% of control; 95% confidence limits 46-76%). Unstimulated release of ACTH in vitro by whole pituitary glands from ovariectomized donors, with or without estradiol replacement, did not differ from that of control animals. Hypothalamic content of corticotropinrel easing activity (CRA) in intact and gonadectomized female rats was similar but was decreased in estradiol-injected, ovariectomized rats. The response of incubating pituitaries to uniform CRF stimulation was significantly depressed in the ovariectomized group (55% of control; 42–70%) and administration of 100 fig of polyestradiol phosphate partially reversed (81% of control; 65...
Serotonin neural receptors mediate motilin-induced motility in isolated, vascularly perfused canine jejunum☆☆☆

We previously reported that motilin induced both motility and endoluminal release of serotonin (5-HT) in canine jejunum. The motility response was blocked by nonspecific tachyphylaxis of 5-HT receptors. In this study, we investigated the effect of a selective neural serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonist, ICS 205-930, given into either the artery or the lumen, on motilin-induced motility. Segments of canine jejunum were arterially perfused with Kreb's HCO3 solution containing 15% RBCs in an organ preservation system. Following a 15-min basal period (Basal-1), 500 fM motilin was infused into the artery over 15 min (Motilin-1). After a 30-min rest, the cycle was repeated (Basal-2 and Motilin-2) in the presence and absence (control) of ICS 205-930, which was given as a continuous infusion either into the artery or into the lumen (0.1 to 1.0 microM). From continuous intraluminal pressure tracings, a motility index (MI) was calculated for 5- or 15-min periods from the product of the frequency and the mean amplitude of phasic waves for that period. In control segments, motilin reproducibly induced significant (P less than 0.05) increases in MI over basal levels during both Motilin-1 and Motilin-2. Arterial 0.1 microM ICS 205-930 abolished the motor response to rechallenge with motilin: 145 +/- 28 to 288 +/- 10 mm Hg (Motilin-1) versus 168 +/- 27 to 168 +/- 13 mm Hg (Motilin-2). An infusion of 1 microM ICS 205-930 into the lumen was required to inhibit the response. Thus, motilin-induced motility is mediated by neural 5-HT receptors. Since both arterial and luminal antagonist was effective, it is likely that 5-HT3 receptors on both myenteric plexus neurons and neurons in proximity to mucosal enterochromaffin cells mediate the motor response to motilin.
Breast cancer with skeletal metastases at initial diagnosis: Distinctive clinical characteristics and favorable prognosis

Fifteen patients with breast cancer who had skeletal metastases already present at the time the primary breast lesion was detected, were retrospectively identified. The majority were postmenopausal, estrogen receptor-positive, and had large (often neglected) primary lesions. Eleven patients were asymptomatic with respect to their skeletal metastases, although bone scans and bone roentgenograms revealed multiple areas of involvement in all patients. The median survival from the time of diagnosis was 33 months (range, 1-74 months); the 5-year actuarial survival was 45%. Systemic therapy with hormones or chemotherapy was effective in producing subjective responses; radiotherapy to painful bony areas was also an effective palliative treatment. Median survival in this group of patients was significantly improved when compared to our breast cancer patients who had extraskeletal metastases at initial diagnosis (33 versus 9 months, respectively), and to previously reported series of breast cancer patients with metastases at initial diagnosis. Since patients with Stage IV breast cancer and metastases limited to the skeleton often have prolonged survival, complications from bone metastases (e.g. pathologic fracture, epidural spinal cord compression) and other intercurrent illnesses should be managed aggressively.
Locomotor performance and dominance in male Tree Lizards, Urosaurus ornatus

1. The importance of locomotor performance to the social status of male lizards may lie in its effect on the outcome of agonistic interactions and territorial contests. Presumably, dominant males are able to acquire and defend larger territories, encounter more potential mates and have greater reproductive success. 2. Therefore, the hypothesis that dominance status should covary with locomotor performance was tested using the Tree Lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. 3. Two components of locomotor performance, maximum sprint speed and stamina, in males were measured. The former variable was estimated as the fastest speed on a 0·25-m length along a 2-m long racetrack. The second variable was measured as the elapsed time a lizard could sustain a walking pace on a canvas belt moving at 0·50 km h−1. 4. The relative social status of size-matched males was independently determined by staging paired encounters in a novel arena. Dominance was measured by behavioural scores of aggression and submission. 5. The dyadic encounters resulted in the unambiguous determination of dominant individuals for 48 of 50 trials. Dominant males were significantly faster than submissive males. In addition, endurance capacity of dominant males exceeded the submissive males. 6. Dominance behaviour and locomotor performance are strongly associated. Although the exact underlying mechanism is unknown, the results suggest a link between hormones, performance and behaviour in territorial lizards.
RNA synthesis in ascites tumor cells during inhibition of protein synthesis.

Abstract 1. 1. The synthesis of RNA in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied during the inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide. When the cells were preincubated in presence of cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis and subsequently labeled with [ 3 H]uridine, there was little difference in the specific activity of the RNA isolated from the control and the drug-treated cells. 2. 2. Examination of the isolated labeled RNA by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, however, revealed that whereas the 45-S precursor rRNA and 28-S rRNA were labeled in both the cases, the labeling of the 16-S rRNA was inhibited in the cycloheximide treated cells. 3. 3. Labeling with [ Me - 14 C]methionine showed that the methylation of rRNA was considerably inhibited in the cycloheximide-inhibited cells. In this case also, the 16-S rRNA from the treated cells was not appreciably labeled. 4. 4. These results indicated that although precursor rRNA synthesis can take place in absence of protein synthesis, continued synthesis of protein is needed for subsequent maturation of this RNA into stable rRNA.
What Chemists Do

An analysis is presented of the varieties of activities that have been recognized in the Nobel Prizes in chemistry. Five different varieties are identified: exploration, description, synthesis, theorizing, and measurement. Prizes in chemistry have been distributed roughly equally among these five categories. The number of awards in each category is nearly the same for each quarter-century, suggesting that as one area of study matures, new ones open up for exploration. A similar analysis of Nobel Prizes in physics reveals some similarities but also significant differences. In particular, synthesis is an activity unique to chemistry. The results of these analyses show that chemists use and value a variety of scientific methods. Explorations of the reducibility of chemistry to physics need particularly to address the reducibility of synthesis.
Public Involvement in State Fish and Wildlife Agencies in the U.S.: A Thumbnail Sketch of Techniques and Barriers

Increasingly, the public is demanding greater voice in decisions over the management of natural resources. Limited case studies indicate that state fish and wildlife agencies have public involvement programs, but there is a knowledge gap regarding which public involvement techniques are being used by what states and with what level of effectiveness. This article presents the results of a national survey of staff identified as being responsible for public involvement in all 50 state fish and wildlife agencies. The survey results are descriptive, providing information about the frequency of use of public involvement techniques, perceptions of the importance of each technique, and barriers to effective public involvement. Respondents ranked commission or governing board meetings, public meetings, and advisory boards as frequently used techniques. Respondents ranked scientific surveys, citizen task forces, and commission or governing board meetings as the most important techniques. The top barrier to effectiv...
Composite Tissue Vasculopathy and Degeneration Following Multiple Episodes of Acute Rejection in Reconstructive Transplantation

Transplant vasculopathy has not been systematically investigated in composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA). The impact of multiple acute rejections (ARs) on long-term graft outcomes in reconstructive transplantation remains unknown. This study in a rat hind-limb allotransplantation model systematically analyzes vasculopathy and tissue-specific pathological changes secondary to multiple AR episodes. LEW rats were transplanted with BN rat hind limbs and treated as follows: Group 1 (Iso): isografts. Group 2 (CsA): Cyclosporine (CsA) qd; Group 3 (mult AR): CsA and dexamethasone only when AR was observed. No AR was observed in Groups 1 and 2. Multiple AR were observed in Group 3, and each episode was completely reversed (clinically) with pulsed CsA + dexamethasone treatment. Group 3 animals demonstrated significant vascular lesions along with skin and muscle atrophy, upregulation of profibrotic gene expression and fibrosis when compared to Groups 1 and 2. In addition, allograft bone was sclerotic, weak and prone to malunion and nonunion. Interestingly, vasculopathy was a late finding, whereas muscle atrophy with macrophage infiltration was seen early, after only a few AR episodes. Taken together, multiple AR episodes lead to vasculopathy and tissue-specific pathology in CTA. This is the first evidence of ‘composite tissue vasculopathy and degeneration (CTVD)’ in CTA.
Structure of the stochastic layer of a perturbed double-well potential system

Abstract The Poincare mapping of a double-well potential system perturbed by a paramagnetic alternating field is constructed numerically. It can be well described by the whisker mapping approximation. The KAM-tori and the cantori are investigated in terms of the whisker mapping. The width of the stochastic layer increases in discrete steps as the amplitude of the external field increases.
Compositional characterization of cottonseed soapstocks

Cottonseed soapstock samples, collected during the 1993–1994 crushing season from oilseed extraction mills throughout the United States Cotton Belt, were analyzed by chemical and chromatographic methods. Volatiles averaged 48.7±10.6% (mean±SD,n=39). On a dry basis, the samples averaged 33.3±7.3% fatty acids, 26.3±6.9% phospholipids, 8.4±6.4% triglycerides, and 7.5±3.0% gossypol. The analytical techniques accounted for 93.3±8.6% of the dry soapstock matter. The AOCS method for total fatty acids in soapstock yielded values in agreement with the chromatographic and phosphorus analyses. In contrast, the AOCS method for neutral oil in soapstock gave values that were significantly higher than those obtained by chromatography. The amount of nonlipid material in the samples correlated with the phosphorus content. Total gossypol and nitrogen levels were also related.
Reactions of Laser-Ablated Palladium and Platinum Atoms with Ethylene: An Infrared Study of the Palladium Complex and Platinum Insertion Product Isolated in Solid Argon

Reactions of laser-ablated palladium and platinum atoms with ethylene isotopomers have been carried out in excess argon during condensation at 7 K. Infrared spectra show that palladium forms a n complex with ethylene whereas platinum generates an insertion product. Acetylene is a major product, suggesting that H 2 elimination from ethylene is also induced by the metal atom reactions. Product frequencies calculated by DFT are compared with the experimental values.