cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poetry and Technical Proficiency in Brief Therapy: Bridging Art and Science.

The use of the poetic is examined with respect to the technical characteristics common to various forms of brief psychotherapy. In considering the compatibility of poetry and brief therapy, it is suggested that poetry can serve as a therapeutic agent in promoting client change. Implications for practice and directions for further research conclude the report.
Liver metastases in carcinoma of the prostate as an indicator of aggressive subtype refractory to hormonal therapy and duration of response to docetaxel monotherapy: A single institution experience.

e16101 Background: Prostate cancer exhibits distinct pattern of metastasis with bone being the most common site of involvement. Liver is an uncommon site of metastasis and is associated with poor p...
HiperVR: A Virtual Reality model for Visualizing Multidimensional Health Status of High Performance Computing Systems

This paper proposes a virtual reality model for situational awareness and health monitoring of high-performance computing systems. The virtual reality model takes into account the following design requirements: 1) Mimicking data center spatial layout, 2) Tracking temporal changes, and 3) Monitoring multidimensional health statuses such as temperature, CPU load, memory usage, fan speed, and power consumption. To show the effectiveness of our design, we demonstrate the developed virtual reality model on a medium-scale high-performance computing system of 10 racks and 467 hosts at a university. The work was developed using weekly feedback from both industrial and academic domain experts.
An Extension of Wolfram’s Rule 90 for One-Dimensional Cellular Automata over Non-Abelian Group Alphabets

We study one-dimensional cellular automata with local update rule defined by an extension of Wolfram’s Rule 90 over non-abelian group alphabets. In particular we develop necessary and sufficient conditions for a state in such an automaton to have a predecessor. We apply our results to compute the fraction of states that are reachable through evolution of an automaton over a finite dihedral group.
Miami Pedestrian Bridge Collapse: Computational Forensic Analysis

AbstractOn March 15, 2018, a pedestrian concrete truss bridge in Miami, Florida, collapsed during construction. The failure of this bridge caused multiple casualties and raised many serious concern...
Operative strategies for inferior vena cava repair in oncologic surgery

Abstract Objective Tumor involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) can result from primary caval leiomyosarcoma, local invasion by retroperitoneal malignant neoplasm, or metastases. Whereas ligation of the IVC may be well tolerated if collateral circulation can be adequately preserved, collaterals must often be ligated during oncologic resection. Reconstruction of the IVC may be performed by primary repair, patch angioplasty, or interposition graft. The purpose of our study was to describe different strategies of IVC reconstruction and to measure outcomes associated with IVC reconstruction among patients with retroperitoneal malignant disease. Methods All patients undergoing IVC reconstruction at our quaternary care hospital between November 2004 and February 2018 were identified using billing data (Current Procedural Terminology code 34502). Patients who underwent resection of the IVC for tumor involvement were enrolled in our study; data were collected on demographics, operative intervention, type of reconstruction, postoperative course, and 1-year outcomes. Patency rates were assessed by reviewing postoperative imaging including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and venography. Two-year mortality and patency were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis methods. Results We identified 52 (46% female) patients who underwent IVC reconstruction for retroperitoneal malignant disease. The mean age was 53.6 years (range, 23-80 years). Procedures performed included primary repair (n = 17 [33%]), patch angioplasty (n = 18 [35%]), and interposition grafting (n = 17 [33%]). The mean length of stay was 16 days and did not vary significantly by group. Patients undergoing interposition graft were discharged on aspirin 81 mg daily. The 30-day survival rate was 96.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9-100), 1-year survival rate was 75.1% (95% CI, 62.8-87.4), and 2-year survival rate was 64.7% (95% CI, 50.5-78.9). There were no intraoperative deaths. The 30-day primary patency rate was 96% (95% CI, 90.7-100.0), 1-year primary patency rate was 88.8% (95% CI, 79.4-98.2), and 2-year primary patency rate was 77.5% (95% CI, 63.0-92.0). Seven patients (14%) developed nonocclusive thrombus within the IVC, and 16 patients (30%) developed postoperative symptoms of venous obstruction. Conclusions IVC reconstruction is a safe option for patients requiring IVC resection during oncologic surgery as evidenced by 1-year survival of 75% and 1-year primary patency approaching 90%. The overall rate of postoperative thrombus development was low and similar across all groups. In the management of primary and secondary retroperitoneal malignant disease with IVC infiltration, IVC reconstruction should be considered to achieve appropriate oncologic resection while minimizing possible complications from caval interruption.
The Elusive Construct of Cultural Competence

This chapter provides an overview of definitions of cultural competence. We identified 34 definitions. Overall, most definitions have similarities in documenting the importance of self-awareness, specific knowledge about cultural others, and use of specific interpersonal and clinical skills. All definitions pointed to the continual nature of gaining awareness, knowledge, and skills and away from a finite learning process. Cultural competence was defined in theory to help support practice. One of our overarching recommendations is for scholars and practitioners to embrace the complexity of this construct and resist the urge to find a replacement construct with a neat definition. We suggest that professionals incorporate new knowledge and conceptualizations as they arise and celebrate the deeper and broader understanding that results from new conceptualizations and novel areas of focus.
Equating with Small Samples (Commentary)

My comments focus on general considerations in equating with small samples. I begin with a brief discussion of equating designs and consider issues associated with equating error, including its ran...
A Nonlinear Control Method for Asymmetric Hydraulic Cylinder Based on Incremental Digital Valve Control

In this paper, an output feedback nonlinear control is proposed for an asymmetric hydraulic cylinder based on incremental digital valve control system with unmodeled disturbances and parametric uncertainties. It's composed of a high gain state observer (HGO) and a dynamic surface sliding mode controller. The high gain state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured system states. The dynamic surface sliding mode controller is designed to stabilize the closed-loop system. The proposed controller accounts for not only the unmodeled disturbances, but also the parametric uncertainties. In theory, the controller guarantees a prescribed tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy even in the presence of unmodeled disturbances and parametric uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via simulation.
The underground seen: moving images, heterotopias, and the postsocialist bearing witness

For seven nights in October 2016 an underground film festival took place in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam skirting existing structures of official media censorship. The festival brought together indepe...
How the water-soluble hemicarcerand incarcerates guests at room temperature decoded with modular simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations of hemicarcerands and related variants allow the study of constrictive binding and offer insight into the rules of molecular complexation, but are limited because three-dimensional models of hemicarcerands are tedious to build and their atomic charges are complicated to derive. There have been no molecular dynamics simulations of the reported water-soluble hemicarcerand (Octacid4) that explain how Octacid4 encapsulates guests at 298 K and keeps them encapsulated at 298 K in NMR experiments. Herein we report a modular approach to hemicarcerand simulations that simplifies the model building and charge derivation in a manner reminiscent of the approach to protein simulations with truncated amino acids as building blocks. We also report that in aqueous molecular dynamics simulations at 298 K apo Octacid4 adopts two clusters of conformations one of which has an equatorial portal open but the guest-bound Octacid4 adopts one cluster of conformations with all portals closed. These results explain how Octacid4 incarcerates guests at room temperature and suggest that the guest-induced host conformational change that impedes decomplexation is a previously unrecognized conformational characteristic that promotes strong molecular complexation. Molecular dynamics simulation can reveal conformational dynamics of host-guest complexes, but simulating larger systems can be challenging. Here a modular approach allows simulation of a neocarcerand whose complexation is enabled by the guest-induced barrier for decomplexation.
35156 Sensory mechanisms of atypical motor variability and regularity in autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This project aims to better understand mechanisms of sensory and motor deficits in individuals with ASD with the goal of informing diagnosis and treatment development. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Over-reliance on both visual and proprioceptive feedback have both been observed during motor behavior in persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting that separate sensory feedback processes may be selectively altered during different behaviors. The objective of this study is to clarify sensory mechanisms of fine motor control in ASD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants with ASD (N=43) and controls (N=23) matched on age (10-20 yrs) and non-verbal IQ completed tests of precision gripping. Participants were instructed to press on force sensors with their index finger and thumb so that a moving bar corresponding to their force output reached and stayed as stable as possible at the level of a stationary target bar. Visual feedback was manipulated by changing the visual gain of the force bar (low, medium and high). The force bar moved more per change in force output at higher gains. Proprioceptive feedback was manipulated by applying 80 Hz tendon vibration at the wrist to induce an illusion of muscle contraction. This was compared to a condition with the tendon vibrator turned off. Force variability (standard deviation) and regularity (sample entropy) were examined. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Controls showed increased force variability with the tendon vibration on compared to off (t = -3.372, p < 0.001); however, the ASD group showed no difference in force variability between the tendon vibration conditions (t = -0.960, p = 0.338). Individuals with ASD had stronger age-associated reductions in force variability relative to controls across tendon vibrator and gain conditions (Group x Age: t = -4.05, p < .001). The ASD group also had greater age-associated increases in force regularity relative to controls, especially at higher gain levels (Group x Gain Level x Age: t = -3.22, p = 0.001). Unlike the ASD group for whom regularity increased with age in both tendon vibration conditions, controls only showed these age-related gains when the tendon vibrator was off (Group x Vibration Frequency x Age: t = 2.46, p = .014). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Our findings indicate that while controls integrate proprioceptive and visual feedback online to accurately adjust fine motor behavior, persons with ASD rely mostly on visual feedback. Our results suggest delayed development of sensory integration and reduced reliance on multisensory feedback during online fine motor control in persons with ASD.
Supporting Postsecondary Faculty Transition to Rapid Online Teaching & Learning

North Carolina postsecondary faculty, similar to faculty around the world, who prepared their spring 2020 semester courses for face-to-face delivery, were required to quickly transition to Rapid Online Teaching and Learning (ROTL). This transition was expected within a short time frame, often one to two weeks, and for many faculty members, both time and resources to incorporate design practices found in high-quality online courses were limited. Faculty members demonstrated great determination and grit as they shifted to remote teaching and learning with a focus on the student success, even while feeling overwhelmed and disrupted themselves. Researchers examined two faculty-support programs designed to assist with the shift to online teaching during the COVID-19 crisis: one at a research-intensive, land-grant university and another for faculty at 58 community colleges, some of whom are enrolled in a CPED Ed.D. program. Lessons learned and thoughts on planning for future semesters are examined
Asymptotic Statistical Analysis of Sparse Group LASSO via Approximate Message Passing Algorithm.

Sparse Group LASSO (SGL) is a regularized model for high-dimensional linear regression problems with grouped covariates. SGL applies $l_1$ and $l_2$ penalties on the individual predictors and group predictors, respectively, to guarantee sparse effects both on the inter-group and within-group levels. In this paper, we apply the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm to efficiently solve the SGL problem under Gaussian random designs. We further use the recently developed state evolution analysis of AMP to derive an asymptotically exact characterization of SGL solution. This allows us to conduct multiple fine-grained statistical analyses of SGL, through which we investigate the effects of the group information and $\gamma$ (proportion of $\ell_1$ penalty). With the lens of various performance measures, we show that SGL with small $\gamma$ benefits significantly from the group information and can outperform other SGL (including LASSO) or regularized models which does not exploit the group information, in terms of the recovery rate of signal, false discovery rate and mean squared error.
Promoting nutrition equity for individuals with physical challenges: A systematic review of barriers and facilitators to healthy eating.

Abstract Impaired mobility is the most common form of functional disability in the US, affecting one out of every sixteen working-age adults. Little is known about the barriers to and facilitators of healthy eating among people with impaired mobility (PWIM), who are at increased risk for diet-related chronic disease. The pathways by which impaired mobility influence dietary intake are unclear, yet likely involve a complex interplay between structural determinants of health and individual factors. To help advance nutrition equity initiatives for PWIM, this systematic review aimed to qualitatively synthesize factors associated with dietary intake across four levels of ecologic influence. An interprofessional team devised a comprehensive search strategy to identify these factors among working-age (18–64 years) PWIM. We queried Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase via Ovid for articles published between January 1, 1990 and April 25, 2021. Twelve studies met our review criteria. We classified factors within one of four ecologic levels of influence: individual, social, environmental, and policy/program. Most studies disproportionately reported on personal level factors of influence, with less information on other levels of influence. This systematic review is an important first step for informing the design of evidence-based strategies to support healthy eating among PWIM. However, it also reveals a wide chasm in the needed information to adequately bridge structural determinants of this nutrition divide. More studies are needed that include rigorous measures of dietary intake and that aim to elicit how social, environmental, and policy-level factors contribute to dietary disparities among PWIM.
Pathologic Response and Locoregional Control After Preoperative Pancreatic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) In light of ALLIANCE02150, the role of preoperative stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer is controversial. We studied patients who had surgery after preoperative SBRT to assess pathologic and clinical outcomes, and evaluate if elective nodal irradiation (ENI) decreases locoregional failure (LRF). Materials/Methods Patients with pancreatic cancer who received SBRT at one center from 2007 to 2020 followed by oncologic surgery were reviewed. Local (primary tumor), regional (peripancreatic or perivascular per RTOG consensus), and distant failures were coded. Pathologic treatment response per College of American Pathologists was reviewed. Incidence of LRF with death as competing risk was assessed. Time to overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) from date of pathologic diagnosis was assessed via Kaplan-Meier. Association testing via Cox analysis for OS/PFS and Gray test for LRF was performed. Results Twenty-eight patients were evaluable. Median (range) ECOG was 1 (0-2). Tumor stage was cT4 in 19 (67.9%) patients. Nodal stage was cN1 in 10 (35.7 %) patients. There were 7 and 21 patients with initially unresectable and borderline resectable disease respectively. Chemotherapy (CT) was given prior to SBRT in 27 (96.4%) patients, with FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-paclitaxel in 21 and 4 patients, respectively. Median (range) duration of CT was 5 (0-12) cycles. Median (range) dose, BED10, and fractionation were 40 Gy (25 - 50 Gy), 72 Gy (54.78 - 100 Gy), and 5 (1-5) respectively. The median (range) time between SBRT and surgery was 6.7 (2.6 - 21.9) weeks. Whipple, Appleby, and distal pancreatectomy was performed in 22, 4, and 2 patients respectively. The R0 rate was 23/28 (82.1%). Pathologic complete, near complete, partial, and poor/no treatment response was seen in 1 (3.6%), 10 (35.7%), 15 (53.6%), and 2 (7.1%) patients, respectively. The pN1 rate was 12/28 (42.3%). Median (range) follow up was 21.5 months (6.9 - 67.2 months). The 18-month (95% CI) overall survival (OS) and LRF were 66.6% (50.0 - 88.6%), and 7.8% (0.0 - 48.4%) respectively. Complete or near complete pathologic response was associated with improved OS (HR = 0.21, P = 0.022) and PFS (HR = 0.25, P = 0.021), but not LRC (P = 0.780). Longer (≥8 weeks) time between end of SBRT and surgery was associated with improved complete or near complete response rate (P = 0.024) but not OS, PFS, or LRF. BED10 did not predict for pathologic treatment response or margin status. Sixteen patients received ENI. There were no other statistically significant differences in the above baseline characteristics, OS, PFS, or pathology outcomes, with vs without ENI. The 18-month (95% CI) LRF with vs without ENI was 0.0% (0.0 - 0.0%) vs 12.8% (0.0 - 38.8%), P = 0.29. Conclusion Our cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer treated with preoperative SBRT and surgery showed good pathologic response and R0 rate. ENI was associated with numerically lower LRF. Increased BED10 was not associated with improved pathologic treatment response.
Human Goodness: Pragmatic Variations on Platonic Themes

Human Goodness presents an original, pragmatic moral theory that successfully revives and revitalizes the classical Greek concept of happiness. It also includes in-depth discussions of our freedoms, our obligations, and our virtues, as well as adroit comparisons with the moral theories of Kant and Hume. Paul Schollmeier explains that the Greeks define happiness as an activity that we may perform for its own sake. Obvious examples might include telling stories, making music, or dancing. He then demonstrates that we may use the pragmatic method to discover and to define innumerable activities of this kind. Schollmeier's demonstration rests on the modest assumption that our happiness takes not one ideal form, but many empirical forms.
The Lawyer Terrorist

German terrorism had its beginning in 1968 when two department stores in Frankfurt were set ablaze. It was not the first such strike in postwar Germany. Violent street demonstrations destroying property had taken place in Berlin and other German cities for two years but the crimes in Frankfurt were not spontaneous eruptions, they were the first deliberate and planned attacks on preselected targets by a small group of young intellectuals. They had become dissatisfied with the limited effect of their earlier tactics and changed their methods in their “war against imperialism.”
Uncontained Rules of Meaning

Publisher Summary The beginning of transformational generative grammar in the late 1950s was marked by Chomsky's discovery of deep-lying regularities in syntactic structure. This led to a picture of language as consisting of a combination of syntactic regularity and lexical irregularity. However, there are regular processes by which lexical items are inserted into syntactic structures, and the meaning of lexical items contributes to the meaning of the syntactic structures into which they are inserted. Semantics thus came to be added to syntax and was conceived of as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, dealing with irregularities, and a set of projection rules and (later) rules of semantic interpretation, dealing with regularities. This view led to the position nowadays referred to as “interpretative semantics.” In the 1960s, an alternative view within the general perspective of transformational generative grammar made its appearance. Syntactic structures were no longer regarded as pivotal, new semantic regularities were discovered, and increasing attention was focused on semantic structures and subsequently on logic.
Lower extremity spasticity as an early marker of ambulatory recovery following traumatic brain injury

A consecutive series of 107 children and young persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to a hospital-based inpatient rehabilitation program was assessed to determine whether lower extremity spasticity could be utilized as an early clinical marker for recovery of ambulation. Presence of spasticity was determined by clinical examination at admission, and the ability to ambulate safely indoors (15.24 m) was evaluated at discharge. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for spasticity were calculated. Lower extremity spasticity is a sensitive (71.4%) and specific (81.5%) predictor of the inability to ambulate at discharge. The absence of lower extremity spasticity, however, was a better predictor of ambulation recovery than the presence of spasticity was a predictor of nonambulatory status at hospital discharge. Implications for spasticity assessment and prognosis in terms of ambulation and recovery are discussed.
Are the Kids All Right? Avuncular Reflections on the Gayby Boom

The author discusses the transformation of the mid-20th century “gay liberation movement,” which was influenced by antiwar protests, the African-American civil rights movement, second-wave feminism, and the sexual revolution into the modern gay civil rights movement seeking greater assimilation with heteronormative ideals. The bottle-throwing protestors at Stonewall, the Gay Activist Alliance members who disrupted meetings of the American Psychiatric Association, or the sexual outlaws of Christopher and Castro Streets could hardly have imagined today's world, in which the most pressing gay civil rights issues are to serve openly in the military, to get married, and to obtain legal parental responsibilities for raising children. “Gay lib” primarily evolved into a pragmatic, slightly left of center politics and values. Inevitably, however, support for gay rights emerged on the right wing of the political spectrum as well. Today, even religious gays seek to integrate a modern gay identity with traditional an...
Transmission of HPV.

John W. Sellors and colleagues[1][1] have described human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women, relating this infection to various risk factors, including number of previous sexual partners. It should be pointed out, however, that HPV is not a typical sexually transmitted infection. As the
Chapter 14 Simulated annealing in the calculation of NMR structures

Publisher Summary There is a fundamental difference in the methods of processing of experimental data to obtain atomic positions of a molecule between x-ray crystallography and NMR. In x-ray crystallography, the experimental diffraction pattern is a simple Fourier transform of the electron density and vice versa. Proteins are linear heteropolymers formed from 20 different amino acids connected by peptide bonds. Atoms along the main chain are called “backbone atoms” and those branching off the main chain are called “sidechain atoms.” The commonly used assumption is that the overall rotational tumbling time can be used for all internuclear vectors. This assumption turns out to be more successful than might be expected because of the relative insensitivity of the internuclear distance with respect to the correlation time and the cross relaxation rates. If all constraints are correctly assigned and are represented by correct distance values and dihedral angle constraint values are accurate, the data should be completely consistent, assuming there is no conformational averaging.
The advanced photon source linac modulators PSpice simulation and upgrade

The APS linac modulators provide DC pulses to Thales 35/45-MW klystrons. The modulators are pulse forming network (PFN)-type pulsers with EMI 40-kV switch-mode charging supplies. The PFN consists of two 8-cell lines connected in parallel. EEV CX1836A thyratrons are used as discharge switches. The PSpice simulation of the modulators using OrCAD release 9.1 made it possible to find appropriate parameters of RC circuits that reduce high-frequency ringing of the pulse transformer primary voltage. In order to improve pulse top flatness (originally /spl plusmn/3%), new coils were built and installed. The coils allow discrete tuning of pulse waveforms by changing the amount of used turns. The advantage of two parallel-line PFN configurations was also used. An equivalent method using a low-voltage generator was used for PFN fine tuning.
Insights into particle formation and remineralization using the short-lived radionuclide, Thoruim-234

Simple mass balance models are applied to a high resolution 234 Th profile from the northwest Pacific to examine the magnitude, rate, and depth distribution of particle remineralization processes below the euphotic zone (E z ). Here, excess 234 Th ( 234 Th > 238 U) below the E z is attributed to fragmentation processes that result in the conversion of sinking to non-sinking particles. By considering particulate organic carbon (POC) to 234 Th ratios on particles, we show that POC flux attenuation is larger than for 234 Th, which we attribute to bacterial and zooplankton consumption of sinking POC. Three case studies are used to demonstrate how different combinations of particle fragmentation and POC respiration impact flux attenuation below the E z . When sampled with high vertical resolution and precision, 234 Th and POC/ 234 Th ratios provide insights into both export from the E z and the extent to which sinking particle fluxes and associated minerals are attenuated with depth.
10 Sensory, Cognitive and Response Factors in the Judgment of Sensory Magnitude

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses sensory, cognitive, and response factors in the judgement of sensory magnitude. The role of sensory, cognitive, and response factors in psychophysical judgment is clearly illustrated in research in which magnitude estimation has been used to measure the magnitude of the sensations elicited by stimuli. The numbers that subjects assign to the impressions of stimuli are determined by sensory magnitudes but may also be determined by cognitive factors, such as concepts of the relative magnitude of the stimulus. The chapter considers the method of absolute magnitude estimation as it has been used to reduce response bias associated with stimulus context. The method discussed in the chapter has produced results that are consistent with those produced by other methods such as matching of sensory stimuli both within and across modalities and with the hypothesis of additivity of sensory magnitudes in the modalities of vision and audition.
Unrestricted quantifier scope disambiguation

We present the first work on applying statistical techniques to unrestricted Quantifier Scope Disambiguation (QSD), where there is no restriction on the type or the number of quantifiers in the sentence. We formulate unrestricted QSD as learning to build a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and define evaluation metrics based on the properties of DAGs. Previous work on statistical scope disambiguation is very limited, only considering sentences with two explicitly quantified noun phrases (NPs). In addition, they only handle a restricted list of quantifiers. In our system, all NPs, explicitly quantified or not (e.g. definites, bare singulars/plurals, etc.), are considered for possible scope interactions. We present early results on applying a simple model to a small corpus. The preliminary results are encouraging, and we hope will motivate further research in this area.
Surgeon-Modified Fenestrated and Branched Stent Grafts

Endovascular repair of aneurysms involving the visceral and thoracoabdominal aorta and iliac arteries has become a reality with over 1,000 cases performed worldwide. Sm-FBSG for pararenal, thoracoabdominal, and aortoiliac aneurysms have emerged as a viable endovascular alternative for patients unfit for open repair in circumstances not allowing the use of customized stent grafts or suitable off-the-shelf devices. The major limitation for widespread of this technique is the fact that a time window of 1–2 h is needed to construct the graft and the fact that it is rather complex to complete when not performed routinely.
How much physical activity is needed to minimize weight gain in previously obese women

Exercise is frequently identified as a predictor of weight maintenance after elective weight loss in retrospective studies of treatments for obesity. We conducted a prospective study to test whether physical activity measured soon after weight loss predicted weight maintenance and to determine how much physical activity was required to optimize maintenance. Thirty-two women [mean (+/- SD) age, 38 +/- 7 y; body mass index (in kg/m2), 24 +/- 3] were recruited through local advertising within 3 mo of reaching their target for weight loss (23 +/- 9 kg). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the doubly labeled water method. Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate (RMR) and postprandial RMR [expressed as thermic effect of a meal (TEM)] were measured by respiratory gas exchange. Women in the physically active group (ratio of TEE to RMR = 1.89 +/- 0.08) gained 2.5 +/- 3.1 kg during the 12 mo after reaching their target for weight loss, moderately active women (TEE:RMR = 1.64 +/- 0.05) gained 9.9 +/- 10.5 kg, and sedentary women (TEE:RMR = 1.44 +/- 0.08) gained 7.0 +/- 5.9 kg (P < 0.01). Retrospective analyses of weight regain as a function of energy expended in physical activity indicated a threshold for weight maintenance of 47 kJ x kg body wt(-1) x d(-1). This corresponds to an average of 80 min/d of moderate activity or 35 min/d of vigorous activity added to a sedentary lifestyle.
Born for the Shade: Stereotypes of the Native American in United States Literature and the Visual Arts, 1776-1894

This volume examines the ways in which attempts to define and delimit American nationhood effected imaginative and documentary conceptualizations of the Native American population. Far-reaching in its scope, both in terms of the period covered - roughly the period from the Declaration of Independence to the closing of the frontier - and in terms of the variety and kinds of documents examined, this study calls attention to the cultural and generic restraints that prevented visual and literary artists, as well as statesmen and community leaders, from adopting any position toward Native Americans other than a prejudicial one.
The van Hove singularity in the cuprate superconductors : a reassessment

Abstract Recent theoretical advances in the superconductivity of the cuprates have found that (1) Fermi surface nesting is enhanced in Luttinger liquids over conventional Fermi liquids, and (2) nesting associated with the van Hove singularity (vHS) is considerably stronger than conventional nesting. Meanwhile, angle-resolved photoemission experiments have unambiguously demonstrated that the vHS is present at the Fermi level of optimum Tc in all of the highest-Tc materials studied: YBa2Cu3O7, YBa2Cu4O8, and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. Some implications of these results are discussed. In particular, this paper stresses the close connection between the ID Hubbard model and the 2D vHS model. The origin of the “ghost” Fermi surfaces is shown to be the same in both models: a large density of low energy 2kF electron-hole pairs. (In a doped antiferromagnet, these electron-hole pairs can be identified with spinons.) The insulating state of the one-dimensional Hubbard model can be described as a “correlation-induced vHS”. It is shown that correlation effects are essential for restoring the Mott picture of the insulator instability in the 2D vHS model.
A High Resolution Lagrangian Method Using Nonlinear Hybridization and Hyperviscosity

Abstract Classical artificial viscosity methods often suffer from excessive numerical viscosity both at and away from shocks. While a proper amount of dissipation is necessary at the shock wave, it should be minimized away from the shock and disappear where the flow is smooth. The common approach to remove the excessive dissipation is to introduce a limiter. We use a limiting methodology based on nonlinear hybridization, which generalizes to multiple dimensions naturally. Moreover, the properties of the limiter are made mesh independent through abiding by important symmetry and invariance characteristics. A secondary impact of the approach is the use of more optimal coefficients for the viscosity itself. The coefficients can be derived directly through analysis of the Rankine–Hugoniot relations. We can further refine our approach with the use of hyperviscous dissipation that helps to more effectively control oscillations. The hyperviscosity is defined by applying a filter to the original unlimited viscosity, which is then combined using the original limiter. The combination of the limiter with the hyperviscosity produces sharp shock transitions while effectively reducing the amount of high frequency noise emitted by the shock. These characteristics are demonstrated computationally and we show that the limiter returns the overall method to second-order accuracy with or without the contribution of the hyperviscosity.
Characterizations of certain classes of graphs

Abstract This paper characterizes finite edge regular graphs having the property that any arc can be completed to a triangle such that any vertex not on the triangle is arced to one or three vertices of the triangle. A generalization with an application to finite doubly transitive groups is also given.
Teleostean urophysis: urotensin II and ion transport across the isolated skin of a marine teleost

The caudal neurosecretory peptide urotensin II rapidly inhibits by 30 percent the short-circuit current across the isolated skin of a marine teleost. The effect appears to be specific and cannot be attributed to actions of epinephrine, urotensin I, or arginine vasotocin. The results strongly suggest that urotensin II may act directly on ion-transporting cells involved in teleostean hypoosmoregulation.
A highly selective vapochromic methanol sensor based on one step synthesis of a simple platinum terpyridine complex

Abstract A novel and simple luminescent methanol sensor, [Pt(Cl-4-terpy)Cl]Cl ( 2 ) (Cl-4-terpy = 4-Chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), has been synthesized in good yield over 85%. Complex 2 was studied spectroscopically in both fluid solution and solid state. At room temperature, it is observed that 2 is weak emissive maximized at 612 nm in fluid solution and brightly luminescent maximized at 655 nm in the solid state. At 77 K, the solid state of 2 shows different properties, with two obvious peaks maximized at 590 and 675 nm. The complex exhibits reversible vapochromic behavior upon exposure to methanol vapors, changing color from red to yellow, with a blue shift in the emission from 655 to 615 nm, resulting from the disruption of intermolecular Pt···Pt interactions by methanol vapor. The vapochromic sensor also shows high selectivity for only methanol vapors among all the general available volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the lab, even in the presence of water, and fast response (color change in less than 1 s).
DERIVATION OF THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE FOR THE SUPERFLUID PHASE OF HADRONIC MATTER.

Abstract We give a quantitative derivation of the temperature at which superfluidity of hadronic matter ends. Using considerations similar to those used by Landau for 4 He, we find T c ⩽ 190 MeV in close agreement with Hagedorn's “limiting” temperature.
German Poetry after the Wall: An Introduction

(2002). German Poetry after the Wall: An Introduction. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 77, German Poetry After the Wall, pp. 3-6.
Sebaceous Gland Differentiation I. Separation, Morphology and Lipogenesis of Isolated Cells from the Mouse Preputial Gland Tumor

Single cell suspensions have been prepared, by enzyme digestion, from the mouse preputial gland tumor and separated by flotation centrifugation into populations of different buoyant densities. These populations of cells have been shown by morphological, chemical and biochemical criteria to be in different stages of maturation. Some properties of the separated cells are described.
Acute Colonic Obstruction

Acute colonic obstruction is a medical emergency because of the potential for bowel ischemia, perforation, and sepsis with peritonitis if not rapidly and appropriately treated. There are numerous causes of acute colonic obstruction, which must be differentiated from colonic pseudo-obstruction, which also is considered a medical emergency. Management options include medical therapy, surgical therapy, endoscopic therapy, and interventional radiologic therapy. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have gained acceptance for alleviating acute malignant colonic obstruction and in some situations for preoperative relief of acute benign colonic obstruction. This article reviews the approach to the patient who has acute colonic obstruction.
Chitobiase activity in the epidermis and hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator during the molting cycle

The activity of chitobiase, also known as N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, in the epidermis and hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator (Bosc, 1802), during the molting cycle, was investigated. A pH optimum of 5 to 6 was found for the enzymatic activity in both the epidermis and hepatopancreas. The temperature optimum for epidermal and hepatopancreatic chitobiase activities was 50 to 60 °C. The K m values for epidermal and hepatopancreatic chitobiase activities at 19 °C were 0.190 ± 0.027 and 0.203 ± 0.016 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide, respectively. Hepatopancreatic chitobiase activity was significantly higher than epidermal enzymatic activity in all the molt cycle stages tested except Postmolt Stage A-B. Chitobiase activity varied significantly during the molting cycle, with the epidermal enzymatic activity in Premolt Stage D3–4 significantly higher than in Stage C (intermolt) and Premolt Stage D0, whereas hepatopancreatic chitobiase activity in Premolt Stage D3–4 was significantly higher than in all other molt stages tested. The patterns of chitobiase activity in the epidermis and hepatopancreas correlate well with the hemolymph titer of ecdysteroids in U. pugilator during the molting cycle; this suggests that chitobiase activity in both tissues is regulated at least in part by the steroid molting hormones.
Capstone course creates useful business products and corporate-ready students

Many engineering capstone courses require senior design projects involving teamwork. Our department's curriculum engages industries to provide meaningful design projects for student teams in real-world settings. One project resulted in students gaining professional skills, industry gaining products, and faculty gaining experience for developing its contemporary curriculum. Educators wanting to provide real-world experiences to graduating seniors may benefit from learning how we obtained corporate sponsors for projects, how we created student-consulting teams, and how we developed capstone courses incorporating system design theory. They may also gain insight from discussions about student evaluations and about lessons we learned from experimental capstone courses.
Total synthesis of S-carbamoylmethyl bovine apocytochrome c by segment coupling.

Three peptide segments corresponding to the complete sequence of the 104 amino acid protein bovine apocytochrome c were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The peptides Ac-[Cys(Cam)14,17, GlyS23]-apocytochrome c-(1–23) (I), CF3CO-[GlyS60]-apocytochrome c-(24–60) (II), and CF3CO-apocytochrome c-(61–104) (III) were purified by chromatography on CM-cellulose, partition chromatography and/or HPLC. Each of the peptides was reacted with citraconic anhydride to block all of the lysine side chains, and the 61–104 peptide was treated with 10% hydrazine to remove the trifluoroacetyl group, to give the corresponding peptides Ia, IIa, and IIIa. Peptides IIa and IIIa were coupled together by reaction with silver nitrate/N-hydroxysuccinimide to give the 24–104 sequence. After removal of the trifluoroacetyl group from the amino terminus, peptide Ia was also coupled. Treatment of the peptide mixture with aqueous acetic acid removed the citraconyl groups, and purification by chromatography on CM-cellulose and HPLC gave a 0.6% yield of [Cys-(Cam)14,17]-apocytochrome c. The synthetic product was shown to be identical to a sample derived from native bovine cytochrome c by paper or gel electrophoresis, HPLC and by chymotryptic or tryptic map.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to virus-infected target cells: role of nylon wool-adherent T cells as effectors.

Abstract This study was designed to elucidate whether populations of human blood lymphocytes other than non-T, non-B, Fc receptor-positive K cells can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against target cells acutely infected with type 1 herpes simplex virus. With appropriate technical precautions, a subset of E rosette-positive, nylon wool-adherent T cells were found to be effective in killing antibody-coated target cells. Thus, there appears to be at least two relatively distinct populations of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood that function as effectors in ADCC: one that consists of E rosette-negative cells, the other of E rosette-positive cells. These findings suggest a possible relationship between “classical” E rosette-negative K cells and E rosette-positive T cells.
Correlation and large-scale simultaneous significance testing

Large-scale hypothesis testing problems, with hundreds or thousands of test statistics zi to consider at once, have become familiar in current practice. Applications of popular analysis methods, such as false discovery rate techniques, do not require independence of the zi's, but their accuracy can be compromised in high-correlation situations. This article presents computational and theoretical methods for assessing the size and effect of correlation in large-scale testing. A simple theory leads to the identification of a single omnibus measure of correlation for the zi's order statistic. The theory relates to the correct choice of a null distribution for simultaneous significance testing and its effect on inference.
Developmental analysis of the peripheral olfactory organ of the opossum Monodelphis domestica

The gray, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, is born in a very immature state after a brief (14-day) gestation. As a result, the species provides a unique opportunity to examine very early periods of mammalian development. The present study provides the first detailed morphometric analysis of the development of the olfactory mucosa and the nasal cavity in Monodelphis. The extent of the sensory mucosa increases dramatically across development, covering a growing nasal cavity and increasingly elaborate turbinates. Both nasal cavity convolution (a measure of turbinate complexity) and mucosal surface area show extensive growth between birth and adulthood. These measurements are greatest in the central portion of the mucosa (in the caudal portion of the nose) at all ages examined. A developmental BrdU study reveals a robust decrease in cellular proliferation with age; proliferation decreases to near adult-like patterns by postnatal day (P) 40. Results from these studies show that there is dramatic structural and cellular postnatal growth in the opossum peripheral olfactory organ.
Immunoglobulin evolution: chemical study of clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) heavy and light chains.

SUMMARY NH2, terminal amino acid sequence determinations of clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) immunoglobulins indicate that approximately 30% of the heavy chains and less than 5% of the light chains have unblocked NH2 termini. The major amino acid sequence of the X. laevis 7S immunoglobulin heavy chains is the same as that of the 19S immunoglobulin heavy chains. Thus in the synthesis of the heavy chains, the VH genes coding for unblocked heavy chains can associate with CH genes of both the 19S and 7S classes. This association is particularly important in amphibians because, in contrast to mammals and birds, the majority of amphibian antibody-producing cells synthesize both 19S and 7S immunoglobulins and do not participate in the ‘genetic switch’ characteristic of lymphocyte differentiation in higher organisms. In X. laevis, the major amino acid sequence at the first twenty-four positions of the unblocked heavy chains shows approximately 54% difference from the prototype amino acid sequence of the mammalian VHIII subgroup. Thus, the VHIII gene(s) must have started to appear after the evolutionary divergence of the common ancestor of mammals and birds from the amphibian line. The amino acid composition of the X. laevis 7S immunoglobulin heavy chains differs from that of its 19S immunoglobulins as well as those of human IgG and IgA. These data support the concepts (a) that amphibian 7S and 19S immunoglobins belong to distinct classes and (b) that amphibian 7S immunoglobulin does not resemble mammalian IgG or IgA.
Semantic Email Addressing: The Semantic Web Killer App?

Email addresses, like telephone numbers, are opaque identifiers. They're often hard to remember, and, worse still, they change from time to time. Semantic email addressing (SEA) lets users send email to a semantically specified group of recipients. It provides all of the functionality of static email mailing lists, but because users can maintain their own profiles, they don't need to subscribe, unsubscribe, or change email addresses. Because of its targeted nature, SEA could help combat unintentional spam and preserve the privacy of email addresses and eve.n individual identities.