cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residence of College Students Affects Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Serum Lipid Levels

Abstract Objective Dietary intake, physical activity, and serum lipid levels of college students living on and off campus were compared. Design Subjects completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle factors and a 3-day food record. Lipid levels were determined. Subjects College students enrolled in an introductory nutrition class. Main outcome measures Energy and nutrient intakes and serum lipid levels. Statistical analyses performed Analysis of variance and Student's t tests were used to determine differences in energy and nutrient intakes and serum lipid levels between men and women living on and off campus; χ 2 analysis was used to determine whether there were associations between residence and lifestyle factors; stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to investigate relationships among serum lipid levels, nutrient intakes, and exercise levels. Results Of the 104 participants, 81% were women and 19% were men; 51% lived on campus. In women, there was a statistically significant difference in age based on residence. Reported percentage of energy from protein was significantly higher in subjects living off campus. Serum triglyceride level and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein were also significantly higher in students living off campus. Applications/conclusions Residence may affect serum lipid levels; living arrangements influence lifestyle factors such as food choices, nutrient content of the diet, and activity patterns. University foodservice directors are challenged to offer low-fat foods that students will choose to eat. Nutrition education is important for all students because their lifestyle may predispose them to development of chronic disease. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:35-38.
Dynamic sensitivity analysis of chemical reaction systems: A variational method

Abstract An approach to the sensitivity analysis of systems governed by ordinary differential equations is presented. It is based on a variational approach and is developed here in the context of chemically reacting systems, although in principal it is more general. The linear analysis generates sensitivity indexes which are a measure of the sensitivity of an objective function to the j th reaction of a mechanism. Both instantaneous and time-averaged sensitivities can be obtained. It also gives the sensitivity to initial concentrations of reactants, or to concentration perturbations at arbitrary times. The use of an objective function permits one to obtain the sensitivity of several species simultaneously in a single analysis, in contrast to other methods where the sensitivity of one species at a time must be determined. In this work the objective functions used are norms involving an arbitrary number of dependent variables. A ranking of the relative importance of each reaction in governing the concentrations of species appearing in the objective function is obtained. Since the sensitivity indexes are time dependent, the analysis may be said to be a dynamic sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity indexes given by this method are related to other standard sensitivity indexes.
Interaction of Lipid Membrane with Nanostructured Surfaces

Tiny details of the phospholipid (DMPC) membrane morphology in close vicinity to nanostructured silica surfaces have been discovered in the atomic force microscopy experiments. The structural features of the silica surface were varied in the experiments by the deposition of silica nanoparticles of different diameter on plane and smooth silica substrates. It was found that, due to the barrier function of the lipid membrane, only particles larger than 22 nm in diameter with a smooth surface were completely enveloped by the lipid membrane. However, nanoparticles with bumpy surfaces (curvature diameter of bumps as that of particles <22 nm) were only partially enveloped by the lipid bilayer. For the range of nanostructure dimensions between 1.2 and 22 nm, the lipid membrane underwent structural rearrangements by forming pores (holes). The nanoparticles were accommodated into the pores but not enveloped by the lipid bilayer. The study also found that the lipid membrane conformed to the substrate with surface st...
Effects of microstructure on short crack growth behavior of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.1Si alloy

Abstract Crack initiation and short crack behavior of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.1Si (Ti6242) with fine and coarse lamellar microstructure were characterized. The fine microstructure showed a good crack initiation resistance compared with the coarse microstructure while the latter had better resistance to crack propagation than the former. Material microstructure influenced the degree of oscillation in crack growth rates during early crack growth stage and the surface crack length at which the transition from Stage I to Stage II occurred. No difference in short crack growth behavior between the two microstructures was observed. In the fine microstructure, the behavior of short and long crack growth was similar. However, in the coarse microstructure, the short crack growth rate was almost one order magnitude faster than the long crack growth rate at a given stress intensity factor range. Overall, the long crack with the coarse microstructure was more fatigue resistant than the three others, which were all similar. This resulted from the fact that the long crack growth is significantly affected by the anisotropic microstructure in the coarse case, i.e. variations in colony size and orientation between neighboring colonies.
Home bound: Filipino American lives across cultures, communities, and countries

Home Bound: Filipino American Lives Across Cultures, Communities, and Countries. Yen Le Espiritu. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2003. 271 pp. ISBN 0-52023527-4. $21.95 (paper). What is a home? In this book, Yen Le Espiritu examines how Filipinos/as are affected by the experience of migration, (neo)colonialism, and racism, and how they transform the social world in which they live by "home-making-the processes by which diverse subjects imagine and make themselves at home in various geographic locations" (p. 2). She argues that home-making involves both inclusion and exclusion, and that homes can be imagined, invented, and remade in a place not home, creating a real or symbolic "safety net" for immigrants. Her argument that "we need to conceptualize immigration as a technology of racialization and gendering" (p. 207) that can both reproduce and challenge inequalities sets out a useful goal for scholars of migration. Espiritu reminds us that homes can be idealized, which can be problematic, particularly for subordinate groups. The book is a case study of the Filipino/a American community in San Diego, long a focus of settlement for immigrants from the Philippines. Espiritu combines interviews with Filipino/a immigrants and their children, historical and statistical data, and insight from personal experience in the community. Woven throughout the eight chapters are two central themes: maintaining boundaries and transgressing them. The first section provides historical perspective, reviewing the context of U.S. colonialism and neocolonialism in the Philippines that produced the immigrant flow to the United States (Chapter 2), and documenting the cultural history of this immigration and subsequent "differential inclusion" in U.S. society (Chapter 3). In the next section, Espiritu describes the ways that immigrants attempt to connect to the Philippines (Chapter 4) and reconstructs life in the Filipino/a American community in San Diego during different historical periods (Chapter 5). The last section of the book contains three chapters that approach home-making with an intersectional lens. Chapter 6 examines the two biggest waves of immigration-Filipino navy men, particularly stewards, and professional Filipina nurses-through a gender and class lens. Espiritu finds that immigrants' decisions to migrate were gendered: The navy men wanted to be better economic providers and more desirable marriage partners, while the nurses wanted to see the world and gain independence. In Chapter 7, Espiritu considers the family dynamics of Filipino/a immigrant parents and their daughters, and shows how gender boundaries cause conflict within immigrant families. In Chapter 8, she draws on data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Studies, in addition to interviews, to show how U. …
Built-in self-test design of current-mode algorithmic analog-to-digital converters

Analog MOS circuits are becoming increasingly sophisticated in terms of checking and correcting themselves. Self-correcting, self-compensating, or self-calibrating techniques has been employed in analog-to-digital (A/D) converters to eliminate errors caused by offset and low frequency noise, and to cancel the error effect. However, the self-compensating/calibration techniques may no longer work properly in the presence of faulty switching elements. This paper presents the fault behaviors and test generation of a current-mode algorithmic A/D converter, where the single stuck-at faults in the switching elements of the converter are assumes. The converter requires only two test currents to achieve a full testability. Due to the simplicity of generating test currents and the expected outputs, a simple built-in self-test (BIST) structure is proposed. Two extra pins for test enable signal and error indicator are needed. Results show that the full self-testability of the BIST structure is achieved with a low pin/hardware overhead, and the use of expensive test equipment is not necessary.
In situ infrared absorption spectroscopy for thin film growth by atomic layer deposition

This paper describes the challenges faced by the microelectronics community in growing ultra-thin films using Atomic Layer Deposition and summarizes how mechanistic information derived from in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy studies can guide the growth of sub-nanometer films. Examples are drawn from the growth of high-k dielectrics (e.g. HfO 2 ) on oxide-free silicon surfaces to achieve the lowest effective oxide thickness.
Differential expression of troponin C genes during tongue myogenesis.

Determination of muscle fiber type is related to the developmental stage of the tissue. Ordinarily the final distribution of fast and slow fibers in a muscle is determined postnatally. Tongue muscle, however, is composed solely of fast-twitch fibers that express only troponin C fast mRNA and fast (type II) myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins in both the adult and the one-day-old mouse. The fiber-type determination of this muscle was examined during fetal development. Both troponin C fast and slow mRNAs were expressed at initial stages of tongue development at embryonic day 13. However, by embryonic day 16 the troponin C fast transcripts predominated. At 17 days of embryonic development, TnC fast mRNA was 10 times more abundant than TnC slow, and at 18 days of development the TnC slow mRNA was barely detectable. The tongue muscle myotubes expressed fast, slow, and embryonic MHC isoforms during early embryonic development. At 18 days of gestation, the MHC isoform expressed by the majority of the myotubes was the fast isoform, whereas the slow isoform was present in very few fibers. RT-PCR analysis of the MHC transcripts present throughout tongue development demonstrated expression of the mdms or type IIx MHC in both late fetal and postnatal stages of development. In contrast, the type I/β slow MHC mRNA was undetectable in the postnatal and adult tongue. The absence of TnC and MHC slow-isoform mRNAs in the newborn mouse tongue suggests that slow isoform genes become dominantly repressed with the TnC-F and MHC type IIx genes remaining transcriptionally active, giving rise to an unusually homogeneous fast-twitch phenotype. The tongue muscle fibers acquire their specific adult-type fiber characteristics during fetal development rather than postnatally. Dev. Dyn. 209:36–44, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The nomenclature of chromosome groups

IT is well known that several plants and animals have been found which have (a) three, four, or more haploid groups of chromosomes, instead of the usual two. These groups are typically identical, not only in the number, but also in the nature of their members; thus being homologous groups. On the other hand (b), in certain genera, species, or subspecies, have been found the haploid number of chromosomes of which is two, three, or four, etc., times that of the half number of a basic species in the same genus. In typical cases of this kind these extra chromosomes are not homologous, or not completely homologous, with those of the basic group.
U-Pb zircon and monazite ages for the Okanogan Range batholith, Washington: Implications for the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the southern Canadian and northern United States Cordillera

New U-Pb zircon and monazite dates for the Okanogan Range batholith, a suite of trondhjemitic plutonic rocks in north-central Washington, are interpreted to reflect minimum crystallization ages of 114-111 Ma. These new data suggest that the Okanogan Range batholith may represent an older southerly segment of the late Albian Spences Bridge Group, which crops out in southern British Columbia. This would constitute a >300-km-long, north-northwest-trending belt of 130-100 Ma volcanic and plutonic rocks along the western margin of the Intermontane belt, herein named the Okanogan-Spences Bridge arc. The Okanogan-Spences Bridge arc and the Gambier arc in the Coast belt of British Columbia were coeval, widely separated Early Cretaceous magmatic belts in the southern Canadian-northern United States Cordillera. The cbronologic data require reevaluation of models proposing one versus two east-dipping subduction zones to explain the origin of these two parallel magmatic belts. Neither model adequately reconciles all geologic observations.
Psychotic reactions occurring in two adolescent girlsduring treatment with acth and cortisone

Summary 1. The pertinent literature dealingwith mental reactions to steroid therapy is reviewed. 2. Two cases of adolescent girls developingpsychotic reactions while on ACTH and cortisone therapy are presented. 3. Possible dynamic factors operativein these patients are considered. 4. Although study of these cases has shed no light on the basic mechanisms responsible for steroid psychoses, the vulnerability of children and adolescents to this complication of therapy is emphasized.
Who has Housing Affordability Problems? Disparities in Housing Cost Burden by Race, Nativity, and Legal Status in Los Angeles

Housing costs are a substantial component of U.S. household expenditures. Those who allocate a large proportion of their income to housing often have to make difficult financial decisions with significant short-term and long-term implications for adults and children. This study employs cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS) collected between 2000 and 2002 to examine the most common U.S. standard of housing affordability, the likelihood of spending thirty percent or more of income on shelter costs. Multivariate analyses of a low-income sample of U.S. born Latinos, Whites, African Americans, authorized Latino immigrants and unauthorized Latino immigrants focus on baseline and persistent differences in the likelihood of being cost burdened by race, nativity and legal status. Nearly half or more of each group of low-income respondents experience housing affordability problems. The results suggest that immigrants' legal status is the primary source of disparities among those examined, with the multivariate analyses revealing large and persistent disparities for unauthorized Latino immigrants relative to most other groups. Moreover, the higher odds of housing cost burden observed for unauthorized immigrants compared with their authorized immigrant counterparts remains substantial, accounting for traditional indicators of immigrant assimilation. These results are consistent with emerging scholarship regarding the role of legal status in shaping immigrant outcomes in the United States.
ALGEBRO-GEOMETRIC INVARIANTS OF GROUPS (THE DIMENSION SEQUENCE OF A REPRESENTATION VARIETY)

If G is a finitely generated group and A is an algebraic group, then RA(G) = Hom(G, A) is an algebraic variety. Define the "dimension sequence" of G over A as Pd(RA(G)) = (Nd(RA(G)), …, N0(RA(G))), where Ni(RA(G)) is the number of irreducible components of RA(G) of dimension i (0 ≤ i ≤ d) and d = Dim(RA(G)). We use this invariant in the study of groups and deduce various results. For instance, we prove the following: Theorem A.Let w be a nontrivial word in the commutator subgroup ofFn = 〈x1, …, xn〉, and letG = 〈x1, …, xn; w = 1〉. IfRSL(2, ℂ)(G)is an irreducible variety andV-1 = {ρ | ρ ∈ RSL(2, ℂ)(Fn), ρ(w) = -I} ≠ ∅, thenPd(RSL(2, ℂ)(G)) ≠ Pd(RPSL(2, ℂ)(G)). Theorem B.Let w be a nontrivial word in the free group on{x1, …, xn}with even exponent sum on each generator and exponent sum not equal to zero on at least one generator. SupposeG = 〈x1, …, xn; w = 1〉. IfRSL(2, ℂ)(G)is an irreducible variety, thenPd(RSL(2, ℂ)(G)) ≠ Pd(RPSL(2, ℂ)(G)). We also show that if G = 〈x1, . ., xn, y; W = yp〉, where p ≥ 1 and W is a word in Fn = 〈x1, …, xn〉, and A = PSL(2, ℂ), then Dim(RA(G)) = Max{3n, Dim(RA(G′)) +2 } ≤ 3n + 1 for G′ = 〈x1, …, xn; W = 1〉. Another one of our results is that if G is a torus knot group with presentation 〈x, y; xp = yt〉 then Pd(RSL(2, ℂ)(G))≠Pd(RPSL(2, ℂ)(G)).
Ergonovine maleate testing during cardiac catheterization: A 10-year perspective in 3,447 patients without significant coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal's variant angina

The utility of ergonovine testing for coronary artery spasm was assessed in 3,447 patients with angiographically insignificant (less than 50% diameter stenosis) or no coronary artery disease. No patients clinically had Prinzmetal's variant angina. Overall, 4% had a positive ergonovine test result, defined by spasm causing greater than or equal to 75% focal stenosis. Complications related to ergonovine use occurred in 11 patients (0.03%). In a training sample of 1,136 patients (studied between 1980 and 1984), two independent predictors of spasm were found by using multivariate analysis: the amount of visible coronary artery disease on the coronary angiogram (p less than 0.0001) and a smoking history (p = 0.001). A model to predict spasm based on these variables was validated in a test group of 2,311 patients who received ergonovine from 1985 to 1989. This model allowed the identification of a subset of 400 patients in the validation sample who had a 10% positive test rate compared with a 2% positive test rate in the remaining patients. These results should permit clinicians who use provocative testing in the catheterization laboratory to reserve testing for the subset of this group of patients most likely to have abnormal findings.
Synthesizing reduced systems by complex receptances

While the addition of linear dynamic systems using receptances is well established and relatively widely used, at times it becomes necessary to subtract systems. For example, when measuring transfer functions at the tire of an automotive suspension system, the system is held in the position of interest by an auxiliary airspring, which requires correction of the experimental data. It is shown that the subtraction is a non-trivial problem, requiring auxiliary experiments or calculations, but if they can be performed then natural frequencies, modes and corrected responses of the reduced system can be obtained from measured or calculated receptances of the total system.
Validation of a bone analog model for studies of sternal closure.

Abstract Background . The incidence of serious sternal wound complications may be reduced with improvements in closure methods. Biomechanical testing of median sternotomy closures in cadavers has proven useful but is limited by availability, high cost, and wide variations in the material properties of the sterna. This study tests whether artificial sterna can be used to replace whole cadavers in sternal closure testing. Methods . Two common wire closure techniques were tested using both whole cadavers and artificial sternal models formed from bone analogue material. Sternal models were molded from polyurethane foam (20 lbs/ft 3 ) to simulate the mechanical properties observed in human cadaveric sterna. The force vector previously identified as the most detrimental to sternal cohesion (lateral traction) was used to stress the closures. Separation of the incision site was measured at the manubrium, midsternum, and xiphoid and data were compared between cadaver and bench test groups. Results . Sternal separations recorded in cadavers were found to be similar to bench test results for both closure types. Data variability within test groups was found to be consistently lower using artificial sterna, where peak standard deviations for sternal motion averaged less than half that measured in cadavers. Conclusions . Results suggest that anatomic sternal models formed from solid polyurethane foam can be used to approximate the biomechanical properties of cadaveric sterna and that reliable information regarding sternal closure stability can be secured through this means. Moreover, bench test data were shown to be less variable than cadaveric results, thus enhancing the power to detect small differences in sternal fixation stability.
THE IONIC ACTIVITY OF GELATIN.

2.5 and 1.25 per cent gelatin have been titrated potentiometrically in the absence of salts and in the presence of two concentrations (0.0750 and 0.0375micro) of NaCl, MgCl(2), K(2)SO(4), and MgSO(4). The data have been used to calculate values of +/- S = v(z) - (v - 1)(z), where v(z) = v(2) - (v(2) - v) r(x)/18. The maximum and minimum values of S with NaCl were used to calculate the mean distance (r(x)) between like charges in gelatin. This is found to be 18 A.u. or over (between acid or basic groups) which agrees with the probable value and the titration index dispersion. Thus the data with NaCl are shown to be normal and to obey the equation found to hold for simple weak electrolytes; namely, pK' - pK = Sa See PDF for Equation where S is related to the valence and distance by the above equations. Using the NaCl data as a standard the deviations (DeltaS) produced by the other salts are calculated and are found to agree quantitatively with the deviations calculated from equations derived for the simple weak electrolytes. This shows that in gelatin, as in the simple electrolytes, the deviations are related to the "apparent valences" (values which are a function of the true valence and the distance between the groups). The maximum "apparent valences" of gelatin are 2.4 for acid groups (in alkaline solution) and 1.8 for basic groups (in acid solution). These values correspond to the hypothetical condition of zero distance between the groups. They have no physical significance but have a practical utility first as mentioned above, and second in that they may be used in the unmodified Debye-Huckel equation to give the maximum effect of gelatin on the ionic strength. The true effect is probably even lower than these values would indicate. The data indicate that gelatin is a weak polyvalent ampholyte having distant groups and that the molecule has an arborescent structure with interstices permeated by molecules of the solvent and other solutes. The size and shape probably vary with the pH.
Effects of oral bisphosphonate therapy on serum calcium in elderly veterans with poor kidney function.

Background: Limited data exist on the use of bisphosphonates in patients with poor kidney function due to a contraindication derived from inadequate experience among patients with kidney failure, accounting for as much as 25% of nonprescribing when otherwise appropriate. Objectives: To determine whether bisphosphonate use in patients with decreased renal function, as outlined in the package insert (estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) 35 mL/min), would result in higher rates of hypocalcemia, as suggested in previous studies. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of elderly veterans 65 years of age and older at the Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System in Dallas, Texas. We identified 3089 patients who started oral bisphosphonate therapy between August 1, 2003 and July 12, 2010. Of the 252 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 25 and 227 patients had an eCrCl35 mL/min and eCrCl35 mL/min, respectively. Analyses of changes in serum calcium from baseline to the 1-year study end point were performed within and between each renal function group. Results:Among the veterans with an eCrCl35 mL/min and eCrCl35 mL/min, there were decreases in median serum calcium levels from baseline to study end point from 9.8 mg/dL (interquartile range (IQR), 9.4-10.2 mg/dL) to 9.3 mg/dL (IQR, 9.0-10.0 mg/dL; P 0.028) and 9.6 mg/dL (IQR, 9.3-9.9 mg/dL) to 9.4 mg/dL (IQR, 9.1-9.8 mg/dL; P 0.001), respectively. However, there was no difference in calcium: 0.2 mg/dL (IQR, 0-0.6 mg/dL) and 0.2 mg/dL (IQR, 0.2 to 0.5 mg/dL; P 0.547), respectively.
Real-valued composite filters for optical pattern recognition

The design of real-valued composite filters for optical pattern recognition and classification is considered. A procedure to design a real-valued minimum average correlation energy (MACE) filter is developed. Also, the design of a real MVSDF-MACE filter that minimizes the output variance due to input noise while maintaining a sharp correlation peak is developed. Computer simulation indicates that the performance of these real filters is almost as good as that of the complex filters.
Privacy preserving mining of association rules

We present a framework for mining association rules from transactions consisting of categorical items where the data has been randomized to preserve privacy of individual transactions. While it is feasible to recover association rules and preserve privacy using a straightforward "uniform" randomization, the discovered rules can unfortunately be exploited to find privacy breaches. We analyze the nature of privacy breaches and propose a class of randomization operators that are much more effective than uniform randomization in limiting the breaches. We derive formulae for an unbiased support estimator and its variance, which allow us to recover itemset supports from randomized datasets, and show how to incorporate these formulae into mining algorithms. Finally, we present experimental results that validate the algorithm by applying it on real datasets.
Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to human disease

Although several lines of evidence suggest that variation in human inflammation is genetically controlled, the genes which regulate these responses are largely unknown. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) mediate recognition of microbes, regulate activation of the innate immune response and influence the formation of adaptive immunity. Cellular and molecular studies over the past several years have identified a number of common TLR polymorphisms that modify the cellular immune response and production of cytokines in vitro. In addition, human genetic studies suggest that some of these polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to a spectrum of diseases. In this review, we summarize studies of common TLR polymorphisms and how this work is beginning to illuminate the influence of human variation on inflammation and disease susceptibility.
Alterations in morphology of developing microvilli elicited by cytochalasin B. Studies of embryonic chick intestine in organ culture.

INTRODUCTION aspects of microvillar morphogenesis . This report describes the cytological events that result from exposure of embryonic intestine to CB in organ culture . The ultrastructure of microvilli comprising the brush border of cells of the intestinal epithelium has been extensively studied (e .g ., Ito, 1965 ; Overton et al ., 1965 ; Brunser and Luft, 1970; Mukherjee and Staehelin, 1971), and the sequence of events that occurs during normal development of these organelles has been described for several species (Overton and Shoup, 1964 ; Overton, 1965 ; van der Starre-van der Molen and dePriester, 1972; and Bonneville and Weinstock, 1970) . Nevertheless, the processes that regulate the morphogenesis of microvilli are, for the most part, still enigmatic . Cytochalasin B (CB) somehow interferes with mechanisms that regulate morphogenetic processes in a variety of developing systems (Wessells, et al ., 1971 ; Spooner and Wessells, 1972 ; Wrenn, 1971 ; Yamada et al ., 1971 ; Schroeder, 1969, 1970 ; Cloney, 1969, 1972) . During the course of a study of the effects of CB on morphogenetic folding of the intestinal epithelium in the chick embryo, we discovered that the drug exerted a profound and unusual effect upon the formation of microvilli at the cell surface . CB therefore suggests itself as a potentially useful tool with which to analyze some
Wave functions derived by quantum modeling of the electron density from coherent x-ray diffraction: Beryllium metal.

A single-determinant experimental Be hybrid-atom wave function is obtained by the quantum formalism of Clinton and Massa, from Larsen and Hansen's single-crystal x-ray diffraction data. Physical properties calculable from this wave function are unobtainable from current methods of diffraction analysis. The least-squares fit using all experimental data gives an $R$ factor of 0.0018, and quantitatively describes charge redistribution due to crystal bonding in agreement with ab initio calculations.
Prevention of platelet deposition by ibuprofen and calcium dobesilate in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the plateletinhibiting effect of a new drug, calcium dobesilate, and to compare its efficacy to the known antiplatelet agent, ibuprofen. Five centimeter long expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (internal diameter 4 mm) were used to replace 48 carotid arteries in 24 dogs. Autologous platelets were labeled with indium-111-labeled tropolone and reinjected into each animal 24 hours before operation. Six animals received an intravenous placebo, six received 12.5 mg/kg of intravenous ibuprofen, six received 100 mg/kg of intravenous calcium dobesilate, and six received 200 mg/kg of intravenous calcium dobesilate before cross-clamping. The grafts were removed after 3 hours, and radioactivity was measured and platelet deposition calculated. The results have indicated that preoperative administration of ibuprofen and calcium dobesilate in this animal model significantly diminishes early platelet deposition. Calcium dobesilate appears to be a dose-dependent, highly effective antiplatelet agent.
Unique continuation from an arbitrary interior subdomain of the variable-coefficient Oseen equation

Abstract This paper presents a proof–based on a pointwise Carleman estimate for the Laplacian Δ from [I. Lasiecka, R. Triggiani, Z. Zhang, Nonconservative wave equations with unobserved Neumann B.C.: Global uniqueness and observability, AMS Contemp. Math., 268 (2000) 227–326] or [I. Lasiecka, R. Triggiani, Z. Zhang, Global uniqueness, observability and stabilization of non-conservative Schrodinger equations via pointwise Carleman estimates. Part I: H 1 ( Ω ) -estimates, J. Inverse Ill-Posed Problems, 12 (1) (2004) 1–81]–of the following result: The only solution { u , p } of the Oseen problem { ( − ν 0 Δ ) u + L e ( u ) + ∇ p = λ u in Ω ; (a) div u ≡ 0 in Ω ; (b) u ≡ 0 in ω . (c) defined on a bounded Ω ⊂ R d , d = 2 , 3 with interior condition u ≡ 0 in an arbitrary sufficiently smooth subdomain ω ⊂ Ω , is the trivial solution u ≡ 0 , p ≡ const in Ω . The method of proof applies equally well to the corresponding Riemannian setting [where, in particular, Δ g is now the Laplace–Bertrami operator], by relying on the pointwise Carleman estimate for Δ g in this case from [R. Triggiani, P.F. Yao, Carleman estimates with no lower order terms for general Riemannian wave equations. Global uniqueness and observability in one shot, Appl. Math. Optim. 46 (2–3) (2002), 331–375] or [R. Triggiani, X. Xu, Pointwise Carleman estimates, global uniqueness, observability and stabilization for non-conservative Schrodinger equations on Riemannian manifolds at the H 1 ( Ω ) -level (with X. Xu), AMS Contemp. Math. 426 (2007), 339–404].
Transforming Instruction into Pedagogy through Curriculum Negotiation

Abstract How does pedagogy differ from instruction? The paper discusses the differences between instruction and pedagogy in light of curriculum negotiation. Dewey's discussion of the instruction/pedagogy distinction, Eisner's notion of pedagogical adaptation as the artistry of teaching, and Pinar's notion of curriculum and study (instead of curriculum and pedagogy) inform this essay. Pedagogy involves the organic relation between curriculum and teaching, and it entails study-based, socially just, and ethically sound practices resulting from negotiations among the teacher, students, and others.
Marital status and full–time/part–time work status in child care choices

Using recent SIPP data, this study estimates two econometric models to study the differences in the effect of child care costs on employment status and differences in the mode of child care used controlling for employment status. For both married and single women, full–time employment is more elastic with respect to changes in the price of child care than part–time employment and employment elasticities are larger for single than married mothers. In the model of child care modal choice, we find that an increased probability of full–time employment is associated with an increase in the use of centre care for both married and single mothers, and that price elasticities of modal choice are larger for single than married mothers.
The Chosen Peoples of the 11th and 21st Centuries

The idea of a people’s election by God is a narrative that attempts to efface contestation over the past, erasing history by constructing new memory. This paper will examine how this functions by comparing two Christian narratives of election. The Franks who participated in the First Crusade (1095-99) thought themselves to be God's new chosen people, who were in the process of reclaiming his favor. Similarly, a streak in contemporary evangelical (Judeo-)Christianity thinks itself at a point in that narrative just before the crusaders, with God showing his anger at his new chosen people (Americans). By understanding this process of narrativization, we understand that the idea of election suggests a course of action, in that it creates a hermeneutic seal around the "insiders," flattens differences among "outsiders," and requires the chosen people to fight back against the agents of God’s wrath.
Allocation of managerial effort: An investigation of the relationship between decision strategies, environment, and performance

The work presented in this paper concerns the decision-making process in complex organizational systems. It investigates decision-making rules which seem plausible in that they are consistent with assumptions concerning limits on a decision maker's information-processing capacity. The structure and relationship between decision environment, manager, and decision strategies are modeled in stochastic terms and resulting performance is studied using, Monte Carlo simulation. The basic analytical framework, initially developed by Radner and Rothschild, considers a manager who is responsible for n activities. At the beginning of each time period the manager must decide how to allocate his time among competing activities. If at time t the manager devotes all effort to activity i, its performance will improve or remain unchanged according to a stochastic rule. Likewise, if no time is allocated to an activity, its performance deteriorates or remains unchanged. Different decision strategies are investigated including putting out fires, adaptive random selection, and constant proportions. The goal is to gain insights which are useful in both describing and prescribing managerial behavior in organizations. Limitations of the model and future work are discussed.
Atraumatic palmar midcarpal dislocation in a skeletally immature adolescent with hemiatrophy

We report a late presentation of a palmar midcarpal dislocation in an adolescent female with open growth plates who had no history of antecedent wrist injury. Midcarpal arthrodesis improved function and eliminated progressive pain.
A developmental analysis of brightness discrimination learning in the rat: Evidence for an attentional deficit

The ability of 16-28-day-old Long-Evans rats to solve simultaneous and successive brightness discrimination problems was assessed in a novel water-maze version of the Lashley jump stand. Performance on the two problems was virtually identical at every age, but older pups mastered both problems in far fewer trials than did younger pups (Experiment 1). Subsequent experiments, based on a two-stage attention theory analysis of discrimination learning, pointed to an attentional deficit underlying the relatively poor performance of the young rats.
The involvement of cold water in recreational boating fatalities-II. Demographic analysis

Part II of this paper presents a demographic analysis of recreational boating fatalities determined in Part I to involve cold-related causes. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize high-risk populations among recreational boaters. It is shown that the fatalities occur heavily in the spring and extend into early summer, involve mostly males, and heavily involve boaters who can swim but are not wearing a flotation device. It is also shown that the geographic regions of greatest risk include the deep south.
Paracrystal Formation in Cell Cultures Infected with Adenovirus Type 2

Large rod-shaped structures corresponding to paracrystals were seen in the nucleus, cytoplasm, or both of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-infected cells by immunofluorescence staining with antibody prepared against purified Ad2. In exception to this, Ad2-induced crystals did not stain with either hexon or fiber antibody. The crystalline structures were first observed in Ad2-infected Vero cells at 28 hr with a maximum number at 70 hr postinoculation. The kinetics of paracrystalline formation closely paralleled the experimental synthesis of infectious progeny virus. Acridine-orange staining revealed the lack of nucleic acids associated with the crystal. Also, the paracrystals stained intensely with phenanthrenequinone, suggesting that they are composed of basic proteins. Interferon induced by Newcastle disease virus from African green monkey kidney cell cultures was used to pretreat Vero cells prior to Ad2 infection. This resulted in inhibiting the formation of viral-induced paracrystals in 97% of the cells and reduced virus yields by 95%. The African green monkey kidney cell culture interferon did not reduce Ad2 yields in HeLa cell cultures or display any virus inhibitory activity in rabbit kidney cell cultures. Staining procedures, fluorescent-antibody tests with whole virus, hexon or fiber antibody, and interferon studies suggested that the paracrystals were viral-directed and composed of basic proteins (possibly core proteins).
Sounding the Center: History and Aesthetics in Thai Buddhist Performance

Sounding the Center: History and Aesthetics in Thai Buddhist Performance. Deborah Wong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. 336 pp.
Selectivity estimation for extraction operators over text data

Recently, there has been increasing interest in extending relational query processing to efficiently support extraction operators, such as dictionaries and regular expressions, over text data. Many text processing queries are sophisticated in that they involve multiple extraction and join operators, resulting in many possible query plans. However, there has been little research on building the selectivity or cost estimation for these extraction operators, which is crucial for an optimizer to pick a good query plan. In this paper, we define the problem of selectivity estimation for dictionaries and regular expressions, and propose to develop document synopses over a text corpus, from which the selectivity can be estimated. We first adapt the language models in the Natural Language Processing literature to form the top-k n-gram synopsis as the baseline document synopsis. Then we develop two classes of novel document synopses: stratified bloom filter synopsis and roll-up synopsis. We also develop techniques to decompose a complicated regular expression into subparts to achieve more effective and accurate estimation. We conduct experiments over the Enron email corpus using both real-world and synthetic workloads to compare the accuracy of the selectivity estimation over different classes and variations of synopses. The results show that, the top-k stratified bloom filter synopsis and the roll-up synopsis is the most accurate in dictionary and regular expression selectivity estimation respectively.
1I-4 Stimulation of Proteoglycan Synthesis with Low-Intensity 1 kHz Vibration

Pulsed ultrasound has become a common therapy for delayed unions and nonunions after fractures. Experiments using ATDC5 cells, a mouse clonal chondrogenic cell line, have shown that 1 kHz dynamic acoustic radiation force stimulates proteoglycan synthesis similar to 1.5 MHz pulsed ultrasound. The results of two experiments performed 8 months apart showed that chondrocytes treated with 1 kHz squarewave had a 2 to 4-fold (p > 0.01) increase in total area of nodules compared to control. When the same experiments were repeated 2 months later with the same frozen cell stock, the cells were unresponsive to mechanical stimulation, suggesting the cell line had transformed and was unable to differentiate into chondrocytes. This study demonstrates the need for primary chondrocytes to further examine the biological effects of 1 kHz vibration
Valve Calcification on Computed Tomography Can Estimate Aortic Stenosis Severity

Abstract Use of coronary CT angiography for screening of coronary artery disease is being advocated for the general population. Meanwhile, CT is increasingly used in preoperative planning for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Although aortic stenosis (AS) severity can be evaluated by measurement of incidentally found aortic valve calcification on CT, it has not been validated by pathologic specimens and can be confounded by calcification of adjacent structures as well as motion artefact. Micro-computed tomography (microCT) provides ultra-high resolution imaging of small structures to yield excellent estimation of tissue calcification. In this study, excised aortic valves from patients with confirmed AS were used to determine if the amount of calcium on microCT correlated with severity of aortic stenosis. Thirty-five aortic valves excised during surgical valve replacement underwent micro-CT imaging with resolution of 76μm in the axial direction. Amount of calcium was determined by absolute and proportional values of calcium volume. Correlation of calcium volume and preoperative mean aortic valve gradient (MAVG), peak transaortic velocity (Vmax), and aortic valve area (AVA) on echocardiography was evaluated. For the patients who had a preoperative CT scan with acceptable image quality, the amount of valvular calcification was also measured by a well-experienced radiologist using modified Agatston algorithm. Mean amount of calcium across all valves was 603.2±398.5mm3, while mean ratio of calcium volume to total valve volume was 0.36±0.16. Mean aortic valve gradient correlated positively with both calcium volume and ratio (r=0.72, p<0.001). Vmax also positively correlated with calcium volume and ratio (r=0.69 and 0.76 respectively, p<0.001). A logarithmic curvilinear model was best fit to the correlation. Calcium volume of 480mm3 showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.76 and 0.83, respectively for severe AS diagnosis, while calcium ratio of 0.37 yielded sensitivity and specificity of 0.82 and 0.94, respectively. Calcium volume and its proportion to total valve volume were found to be good predictive parameters for severe AS when estimated radiologically. Calcium volume quantification may be a complimentary measure for AS severity evaluation in situations where aortic valve calcification is found incidentally on CT as well as in preoperative assessment of aortic valves for TAVR.
Calculability of the Flavor‐Mixing Parametersa

Despite the impressive success of the standard model, the repetition of the family-generation of leptons and quarks persists as one of the most challenging unresolved problems in particle physics. The fermion family problem is to understand the fermion mass hierarchy of the leptons and quarks as observed in family-generations. Any consistent solution to this problem should also describe the flavor mixings in the charged-current sector including the CP-invariance violation as well as the empirical flavor-conservation up to the αGf order in the neutral weak interaction sector. In the standard model the fermion masses are generated by spontaneous breaking of the electroweak symmetry via the Higgs mechanism, but they are arbitrary free parameters. In other words, the standard model can be adjusted to accommodate the fermion family-generations but lacks calculability for the fermion mass spectrum. Because there are several fermion generations, the weak interaction eigenstates are not necessarily the mass eigenstates and therefore there will inevitably be mixings between different flavor states in the charged current sector thus introducing further arbitrary parameters to the standard model. However, the neutral-current sector is flavor diagonal up to αGf order in the standard model because the fermions in each generation are assigned in the same dimensional representations.
Interactions of Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings with Fully Formulated Engine Oils

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been known for their low friction and high wear resistance for many years, but only in recent years have these coatings been used in mass-produced engines due to significant improvement in coating deposition techniques resulting in good adhesion on substrate materials. The interactions of these coatings with engine oils have been a focus for further research in recent years. In this investigation, the interactions of engine oil additives with five different DLC coatings containing two different doping elements were explored using a laboratory reciprocating rig under boundary lubrication condition. Two different contact geometries were investigated: a piston ring-on-liner and cylinder-on-flat to simulate piston ring and cylinder bore and cam and tappet applications. It was observed that DLC-coated piston rings offered lower friction coefficients and lower wear of the liner compared to commonly used Mo-NiCr-coated piston rings. However, the wear of the DLC-coated ring...