cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semicanonical Bases Arising From Enveloping Algebras

Abstract Let U+ be the plus part of the enveloping algebra of a Kac–Moody Lie algebra g with a symmetric Cartan datum. In [L1] we have defined a canonical basis of U+ under the assumption that the Cartan datum is of finite type; this was later generalized to Cartan data of possibly infinite type in [K, L3]. The basis of U+ is obtained from a canonical basis of the quantized version of U+ by specializing the quantum parameter to 1. In [L4] we have constructed a basis of U+ in terms of constructible functions on a Lagrangian variety, assuming that the Cartan datum is of affine type. (The same construction applies for Cartan data of finite type.) This basis will be called the semicanonical basis ofU+. In this paper we extend the definition of semicanonical basis to include the case where the Cartan datum is not necessarily of affine or finite type. While the semicanonical basis is not necessarily the same as the canonical basis, we will show that the semicanonical basis has a number of properties in common with the canonical basis: compatibility with various filtrations of U+, compatibility with the canonical antiautomorphism of U+.
On filtering and tracking in the presence of large errors for passive contact localization and motion analysis

A perspective on passive contact localization and motion analysis in the ocean environment has been presented in [Hassab, IEEE J. Ocean Eng. Vol. OE-8, pp 136-147, 1983]. There, the analysis and results have addressed an estimation process conducted under the classical assumptions of small, local error conditions. Otherwise the estimates deteriorate, where large bias on the estimates would result and where increase in variance would develop. In its totality, the estimation process has to deal with nonlinear and non-stationary problems that have not been amenable to optimum linear system theory without imposing restrictive assumptions that constrain the problem to idealized conditions. This paper reconsiders the issues involved and presents a linear estimation structure that deals effectively with larger error conditions in localization and tracking within the underwater environment.
3D Simulation of Plume Flows from a Cluster of Plasma Thrusters

*† In this study, a 3D simulation of xenon plasma plume flow fields from a cluster of four Hall thrusters is performed with a hybrid particle-fluid method. In this simulation, a detailed fluid model is used to compute the electron properties, the direct simulation Monte Carlo method models the collisions of heavy particles and the Particle In Cell method models the transport of ions in electric fields. The accuracy of the simulation is assessed through comparisons with available measured data. The simulation successfully captures detailed plume structures and plume interactions.
STATISTICAL TESTS FOR NESTED DESIGNS UNDER PARTIAL BALANCE

In this article, we derive locally optimum tests and Rao's score tests for a two-stage nested design under a certain partial balance. Specifically, it is assumed that for any given level of leading factor, the number of observations at every error stage below it are equal. Formulas are provided so as to efficiently compute the test statistics.
Effect of Bacterial Chemotaxis on Biodegradation in a Porous Medium

ABSTRACT This research investigates the effect of bacterial chemotaxis on biodegradation rate in an experimental model for in situ bioremediation. The novel experimental methodology of this work has provided for the systematic evaluation of the effect of the chemotaxis phenomenon in a saturated porous medium. The methodology has been developed to measure enhancement of degradation rate of serine, a simulated contaminant and chemoattractant. Escherichia coli RP437 was used as a representative, chemotactic, in situ bacterium, whereas E. coli RP5700, a tsr− mutant strain of RP437 that lacks the serine chemoreceptor, was used as the specifically nonchemotactic control strain. These two strains were highly characterized for this work. Swimming speeds, run lengths, and turn angles were compared using a tracking microscope and were statistically similar, as were serine uptake rates, making this pair of strains an excellent choice for chemotaxis studies. For these experiments, a model aquifer introduces bacteria ...
Isolation and characterization of cathepsin B from bovine brain

Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) was purified 746-fold with a 21% recovery from bovine brain by autolysis, fractional precipitation with acetone, carboxy-methyl-Sephadex chromatography, affinity chromatography on a cystamine containing column and gel filtration chromatography. The purified cathepsin B eluted on gel filtration with an apparent molecular weight of 27,000 but was resolved into three bands of 30,000, 25,000 and 5,000 molecular weight by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Antibodies to cathepsin B, raised against the 30,000 dalton band, were shown by immunoblots to react with both the 30,000 and 25,000 dalton proteins with results suggesting that the former predominated as the immunoreactive form in bovine brain homogenates. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated multiple bands, ranging from pH 4.75–5.2 with the major band at pH 5.1–5.2, all of which were capable of degrading Nα-carbobenzoxy-l-arginyl-l-arginine 4-methoxy-β-naphthylamide. The cathepsin B activity against Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine β-naphthylamide (BANA) and bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) had a pH optimum of pH 6.0. The Km for the degradation of BANA was 1.0 mM and 5.1 mM when assayed in the presence of 1% and 2.5% dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. Cathepsin B from bovine brain has many properties similar to cathepsin B isolated from other organs. The degradative effect of cathepsin B on MBP suggests a role for this proteinase in inflammatory demyelination.
The comparative fine structure and surface glycoconjugate expression of three life stages of Leishmania major.

Abstract The cellular ultrastructure and surface glycoconjugate expression of three life stages of Leishmania major were compared. Noninfective logarithmic phase promastigotes (LP) are immature cells bearing a thin cell coat, short flagellum, small and empty flagellar pocket, and a loose cytoplasm filled with profiles of ER and large Golgi complex. LP also contain subpopulations of maturing cells containing less ER and Golgi and synthesizing cytoplasmic granules of different size, number, and electrondensity. Infective or metacyclic promastigotes (MP) are fully differentiated nondividing forms with a thickened, prominent cell coat, long flagellum, distended flagellar pocket filled with secretory material, and few cytoplasmic organelles other than abundant electron-dense granules. Tissue amastigotes also contain electron-dense cytoplasmic granules, their flagellar pockets are also enlarged and contain secretory material, but they lack a discernable cell coat. Immunogold labeling of GP63 on the cell surface was extensive only on amastigotes. Promastigote GP63 appeared to be masked by the presence of a densely packed lipophosphoglycan (LPG) coat which was extensively labeled on the entire surface of MP and LP. An elongated, developmentally modified form of LPG was abundantly labeled only on MP. LPG was poorly labeled on amastigotes, arguing that the promastigote cell coat is a stage-specific structure which is lost during intracellular transformation.
Activation of protein kinase C reduces thromboxane receptors in glomeruli and mesangial cells

The potential role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the modulation of thromboxane A2 (TX) receptor density was evaluated in intact glomeruli and cultured renal mesangial cells (MC) from the rat. Incubation of glomeruli with 0.1 microM phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) or 30 mM glucose for four hours activated PKC as reflected by increased in situ phosphorylation of the 80 kDa MARCKS protein, a specific endogenous substrate for PKC. High affinity binding to TX receptors, as assessed from the binding of the stable TX antagonist [3H]-Sq-29548 (Sq), was decreased 30% in glomeruli exposed to PDBu and 28% in glomeruli incubated in 30 mM D-glucose for four hours. Concurrent incubation with 0.05 microM of the PKC inhibitor staurosporine blocked both MARCKS protein phosphorylation and the decrease in TX receptor sites in response to either PDBu or 30 mM glucose. Neither 30 mM L-glucose nor 30 mM mannitol altered glomerular PKC activity or TX receptor density, thus excluding an osmotic effect of D-glucose, and implicating cellular metabolism of glucose in the expression of these actions. Inhibition of endogenous production of TX with indomethacin during exposure of glomeruli to 30 mM glucose did not prevent the decrease in TX binding. Homologous down-regulation of TX receptors mediated by endogenous TX was therefore not implicated in this action of glucose. The affinity of the glomerular receptor sites for [3H]-Sq was not affected by PKC activation. MC in passages 3 to 7 also demonstrated high affinity sites for [3H]-Sq (Kd, 2.8 nM). Culture of MC with PDBu (0.05 or 0.1 microM) for four hours decreased TX receptor density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Grounded Theory Analysis: Hillary Clinton Represented as Innovator and Voiceless in TV News

Grounded theory methodology is a qualitative approach that allows researchers to set aside previous research and focus only on the project at hand. The previous research is then used to help give c...
Fine motor control in adults with and without chronic hemiparesis: baseline comparison to nondisabled adults and effects of bilateral arm training.

Abstract McCombe Waller S, Whitall J. Fine motor control in adults with and without chronic hemiparesis: baseline comparison to nondisabled adults and effects of bilateral arm training. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1076–83. Objectives To characterize fine motor control through finger tapping in both arms of 10 patients with chronic stroke, to make baseline comparisons with matched controls, and to examine the responsiveness of deficits seen in stroke patients after 6 weeks of bilateral arm-based training. Design Nonrandomized controlled, cohort before-after trial. Setting Research institution. Participants Ten people from the community with chronic unilateral ischemic stroke and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants with hemiparesis had completed all conventional care and were more than 6 month poststroke. Inclusion criteria were at least 6 months since a unilateral stroke, ability to follow simple instructions and 2-step commands, volitional control of the nonparetic arm, and at least minimal antigravity movement in the shoulder of the paretic arm. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Measurements included rate and timing consistency of unilateral tapping at a preferred and a maximal rate and the accuracy and stability of interlimb coordination in bilateral simultaneous (inphase) and alternating (antiphase) tapping at a preferred rate. Results Nonparetic finger control was similar to that of the nondisabled participants except under bilateral conditions, where it was less consistent. A subgroup with residual paretic finger function, had slower and less consistent paretic finger tapping, as well as less accurate and more variable interlimb coordination; however, basic bilateral coupling relationships were preserved. Bilateral arm-based training improved bilateral nonparetic consistency but slowed unilateral preferred tapping. Training also improved paretic fine motor control in 2 of 4 participants with mild stroke severity. The 2 responders, with dominant hemisphere lesions, indicated a possible recovery advantage with bilateral training for such lesions. Conclusions In general, nonparetic finger control for tapping was preserved but paretic finger control was compromised. Disruption of nonparetic control of tapping, particularly consistency of tapping, occurred during bilateral tapping tasks but was responsive to 6 weeks of bilateral arm-based training. Despite the apparent lack of training specificity, the generalizable effects of bilateral arm training to fine motor interlimb coordination may reflect central motor control mechanisms for upper-extremity coordination, which may be accessed and may influence the recovery of arm function after stroke.
Arthroscopic Approaches to the Palmar Aspect of the Equine Carpus

Objective— To identify sites for arthroscopic access to the palmar aspects of the antebrachiocarpal (AC) and middle carpal (MC) joints, and describe visible carpal bone surfaces for each approach. Study Design— Prospective experimental study. Animals— Equine carpi: 16 cadavers, 8 live horses. Methods— A latex model was used to identify possible sites for arthroscopic access to the palmar aspects of the AC and MC joints. Carpi (n=24) were examined arthroscopically and arthroscopic access sites and visible carpal bone surfaces were described. Results— Arthroscopic approaches and instrument portals were developed for the medial and lateral aspects of the palmar pouches of the AC and MC joints. The palmar surface of the radial carpal bone and radius, and the dorsal articular surfaces of the accessory carpal bone, could be viewed using palmar approaches to the AC joint. The palmar aspect of the radial, third and second carpal bones (medially) and ulnar and fourth carpal bones (laterally) could be observed using a palmar approach to the MC joint. Conclusions— Arthroscopic access, using separate medial and lateral portals to the AC and MC joints, allowed assessment of portions of the caudodistal radius, the palmar surfaces of the radial, ulnar, second, third and fourth carpal bones, and the dorsal aspect of the accessory carpal bone. Clinical Relevance— Arthroscopic approaches to the palmar aspect of the carpus could be used to remove fracture fragments, and to assess the medial palmar intercarpal ligaments.
Theory of varistor electronic properties

(1975). Theory of varistor electronic properties. C R C Critical Reviews in Solid State Sciences: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 597-608.
Determinants of Rhythm and Rate in Suckling

Suckling was studied in infant miniature pigs to determine (a) the necessary stimu- lus for eliciting rhythmic behavior and (b) whether the rhythm of the feeding movements could be entrained with a rhythmic pulsed delivery of milk. The animals fed on an automated milk deliv- ery system, which supplied pulses of milk either at fixed, predetermined rates or on demand. The rhythm of the suckling response was quantified from the teat pressure changes produced by the animal, which were highly correlated with jaw movement. Suckling frequency was measured as the dominant frequency in the teat pressure wave, determined by fast Fourier transform. When each animal was allowed to determine its own rate of milk delivery, the preferred frequency of suckling was approximately 3.8 Hz. When animals attempted to suckle on the teat but milk was not delivered, suckling was erratic and arrhythmic. The first aliquot of milk delivered to the ani- mal elicited rhythmic suckling at approximately 4.6 Hz, which was maintained when milk was delivered at a range of fixed rates (0.2-0.56 Hz) an order of magnitude below the preferred suck- ling frequency. When milk was delivered at a fixed rate (2.0-5.6 Hz) close to the animals' pre- ferred rhythm, suckling proceeded at a lower frequency (3.9 Hz) than when the milk was delivered at the much lower rate. However, variation in the delivery rate (2.0-5.6 Hz) did not cause a sig- nificant difference in the suckling frequency. These findings provided evidence against entrain- ment. The higher suckling frequency elicited by the slower delivery rate was suggestive of a negative feedback loop; in the infant/sow relationship, such a mechanism could favor a particular volume delivery per unit time. J. Exp. Zool. 278:1-8, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
800Exploration of the brain's white matter pathways with dynamic queries

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging method that can be used to measure local information about the structure of white matter within the human brain. Combining DTI data with the computational methods of MR tractography, neuroscientists can estimate the locations and sizes of nerve bundles (white matter pathways) that course through the human brain. Neuroscientists have used visualization techniques to better understand tractography data, but they often struggle with the abundance and complexity of the pathways. In this paper, we describe a novel set of interaction techniques that make it easier to explore and interpret such pathways. Specifically, our application allows neuroscientists to place and interactively manipulate box-shaped regions (or volumes of interest) to selectively display pathways that pass through specific anatomical areas. A simple and flexible query language allows for arbitrary combinations of these queries using Boolean logic operators. Queries can be further restricted by numerical path properties such as length, mean fractional anisotropy, and mean curvature. By precomputing the pathways and their statistical properties, we obtain the speed necessary for interactive question-andanswer sessions with brain researchers. We survey some questions that researchers have been asking about tractography data and show how our system can be used to answer these questions efficiently.
Pollen and Stigma Structure and Function: The Role of Diversity in Pollination

The ornate surfaces of male and female reproductive cells in flowering plants have long attracted attention for their variety and evolutionary significance. These structures, and the molecules involved in sexual interactions, remain among the most rapidly evolving and diverse characteristics known.
Tolerable Settlement of Buildings

Current practices and concepts for establishing the tolerable settlement of buildings are reviewed. The role of differential settlement is emphasized. Most current tolerance limits are shown to be based on the works of Skempton, MacDonald, Polshin, and Tokar. These criteria are compared with field observations of settlement and damage. A simple beam analogy, which was proposed by Burland and Wroth, is used to illustrate factors that influence tolerable settlement. The effects of the critical tensile strain of the structural materials, the L/H ratio of the building, the relative stiffness of the structure in shear and bending, the longitudinal stiffness of the foundation, and the shape of the settlement pattern are demonstrated. Different criteria are required for different types of structures. The allowable settlement is smallest for cases in which the settlement curve is concave downward.
Chronicling an Academic Depression

This autoethnographic story chronicles the author's recent struggle with major depression. Grounded in narrative theory, utilizing the methodology of emotional introspection, and written as a layered account, this personal narrative explores mental illness within the context of the academy. The story considers a variety of issues including identity and the social construction of self, medical discourse and the canonical story of depression, academic research and the tenure process, and the interrelationships between personal and professional experience.
The CM-2 data transposition problem

The CM-2's natural data layout is not conducive to exchanging data with other machines. Before CM-2 data is sent to a remote machine, a bitwise transpose must be performed on the data. Each bit in an n bit value must be transmitted to a different processor, requiring n send operations through the CM-2's global router network. The time required to transpose the data limits the effective throughput of the I/O channel to a small fraction of its peak theoretical bandwidth. For example, when sending data to a remote supercomputer using a 100 MB/s HIPPI channel, an effective throughput of only 4.9 MB/s can be achieved. The authors describe the CM-2 transpose problem and study ways to improve the performance of transposed data transmissions. >
Ultrastructure of the Ameboid Cells of Protostelium zonatum (Mycetozoa)

SYNOPSIS. The ameboid cells of Protostelium zonatum typically have filose pseudopodia that contain almost exclusively microfibers. Microfibers, scattered or arranged parallel in bundles, are observed in great abundance and often closely associated or directly connected with other organelles in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria typically have an expanded, undulate outer membrane and vesicular cristae containing electron-dense material which may appear denser than the mitochondrial matrix in the same section. The nucleus, as in other protostelids, contains only one centrally located nucleolus. Other organelles are essentially similar in ultrastructure to those of another nonflagellate protostelid, Protosteliopsis fimicola. Protostelium zonatum differs, however, in lacking a distinct anterior zone of hyaloplasm during migration of the ameboid cells.
The deduction theorem in a functional calculus of first order based on strict implication

In a previous paper, a functional calculus based on strict implication was developed. That system will be referred to as S2. The system resulting from the addition of Becker's axiom will be referred to as S4. In the present paper we will shw that a restricted deduction theorem is provable in S4 or more precisely in a system equivalent to S4. We will also show that such a deduction theorem is not provable in S2. The following theorems not derived in Symbolic logic will be required for the fundamental theorems XXVIII* and XXIX* of this paper. We will state most of them without proofs.
Modelling salinity inhibition effects during biodegradation of perchlorate.

Aims: To determine the mathematical kinetic rates and mechanisms of acclimated perchlorate (ClO)-reducing microbial cultures by incorporating a term to relate the inhibitory effect of high salinity during biological reduction of concentrated perchlorate solutions. Methods and Results: Salt toxicity associated with the biodegradation of concentrated perchlorate (200, 500, 1100, 1700 and 2400 mg l−1 as ClO) was investigated using two microbial cultures isolated from a domestic wastewater treatment plant [return activated sludge (RAS) and anaerobic digester sludge (ADS)]. Experiments were performed in wastewaters containing various sodium chloride concentrations, ranging from 0% to 4·0% (w/v) NaCl (ionic strength: 0·14–0·82 mol l−1, total dissolved solids: 5·3–42·6 g l−1) at near-neutral values of pH (6·7–7·8). Perchlorate biodegradation was stimulated through stepwise acclimation to high salinity. The ADS culture was capable of reducing perchlorate at salinities up to 4% NaCl, while the RAS culture exhibited complete inhibition of perchlorate degradation at 4% NaCl, probably resulting from either a toxic effect or enzyme inactivation of the perchlorate-reducing microbes. Further, a kinetic growth model was developed based on experimental data in order to express an inhibition function to relate specific growth rate and salinity. Conclusions: Biological reduction of concentrated perchlorate wastewaters using either acclimated RAS or ADS cultures is feasible up to 3% or 4% NaCl, respectively. In addition, the kinetic model including a salinity inhibition term should be effective in many practical applications such as improving reactor design and management, furthering the understanding of high salinity inhibition, and enhancing bioremediation under high salinity loading conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: Applications of these findings in water treatment practice where ion exchange or membrane technologies are used to remove perchlorate from water can have the potential to increase the overall attractiveness of these processes by eliminating the need to dispose of a concentrated perchlorate solution.
Monozygotic pregnancies from transfers of zona-free blastocysts

Abstract To minimize the risk of identical twinning the zona pellucida (ZP) was completely removed before blastocyst ET in all blastocyst transfers performed between May 1, 1999 and April 30, 2000. Compared to prior, zona intact, blastocyst transfers carried over between September 1, 1998 and April 30, 1999 no significant difference was noted regarding implantation, pregnancy, monozygotic pregnancy, or multiple gestation rates, thereby indicating that monozygosity can arise independently of the ZP.
The Impact of Anatomical Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy on Cancer Control: The 30-Year Anniversary

Purpose: Radical prostatectomy has decreased prostate cancer specific mortality in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. We report oncological outcomes of the longest running series of ner...
Immune-system activation depletes retinal carotenoids in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus).

SUMMARY The costs of developing, maintaining, and activating the immune system have been cited as an important force shaping life-history evolution in animals. Immunological defenses require energy, nutrients and time that might otherwise be devoted to other life-history traits like sexual displays or reproduction. Carotenoid pigments in animals provide a unique opportunity to track the costs of immune activation, because they are diet-derived, modulate the immune system, and are used to develop colorful signals of quality. Carotenoids also accumulate in the retinas of birds, where they tune spectral sensitivity and provide photoprotection. If carotenoid accumulation in the retina follows the patterns of other tissues, then immune activation may deplete retinal carotenoid levels and impact visual health and function. To test this hypothesis, we challenged molting wild-caught captive house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) with weekly injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) over the course of 8 weeks. Immunostimulated adult males and females produced significant antibody responses and molted more slowly than uninjected control birds. After 8 weeks, immune-challenged birds had significantly lower levels of specific retinal carotenoid types (galloxanthin and zeaxanthin), but there were no significant differences in the plasma, liver or feather carotenoid levels between the treatment groups. These results indicate that immune-system activation can specifically deplete retinal carotenoids, which may compromise visual health and performance and represent an additional somatic and behavioral cost of immunity.
Murine Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1c2 Mediates CD4+ T Cell Activation and Maps to Estrogen-Related Receptor γ

Sle1c is a sublocus of the NZM2410-derived Sle1 major lupus susceptibility locus. We have shown previously that Sle1c contributes to lupus pathogenesis by conferring increased CD4(+) T cell activation and increased susceptibility to chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which mapped to the centromeric portion of the locus. In this study, we have refined the centromeric sublocus to a 675-kb interval, termed Sle1c2. Mice from recombinant congenic strains expressing Sle1c2 exhibited increased CD4(+) T cell intrinsic activation and cGVHD susceptibility, similar to mice with the parental Sle1c. In addition, B6.Sle1c2 mice displayed a robust expansion of IFN-γ-expressing T cells. NZB complementation studies showed that Sle1c2 expression exacerbated B cell activation, autoantibody production, and renal pathology, verifying that Sle1c2 contributes to lupus pathogenesis. The Sle1c2 interval contains two genes, only one of which, Esrrg, is expressed in T cells. B6.Sle1c2 CD4(+) T cells expressed less Esrrg than B6 CD4(+) T cells, and Esrrg expression was correlated negatively with CD4(+) T cell activation. Esrrg encodes an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial functions. In accordance with reduced Esrrg expression, B6.Sle1c2 CD4(+) T cells present reduced mitochondrial mass and altered mitochondrial functions as well as altered metabolic pathway utilization when compared with B6 CD4(+) T cells. Taken together, we propose Esrrg as a novel lupus susceptibility gene regulating CD4(+) T cell function through their mitochondrial metabolism.
Student System Level Design Activities: An Empirical Pilot Study on Improving Design Outcomes

Previous studies have indicated that system level design (SLD) has a positive association with the outcome of engineering design projects. However, the causal relationship has not been established. This pilot study will explore the feasibility of implementing a laboratory experiment on design process and attempt to demonstrate a causal relationship between SLD and design outcome quality. Using outcome data from the pilot student laboratory exercise, a comparison between design processes that used SLD activities and those that did not are made using simple statistical testing methods. The results of this comparison support previous indications that SLD has an effect on outcome quality. The difficulties of constraining students performing SLD activities gave rise to an alternative method of analyzing SLD activities and lead us to conclude that our protocol is insufficient to test design process but is suitable for testing the application of a specific tool.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Hepatosplenic Lymphoma in a Dog

We describe a case of a dog with hepatosplenic lymphoma, a disease characterized by infiltration of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow with γδ T cells, absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy, and an aggressive clinical course. Physical examination findings, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities, and clinical course of the disease in this patient were similar to those in humans. Immunophenotyping of liver and spleen aspirates supported an antemortem diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma consistent with hepatosplenic lymphoma. The diagnosis was confirmed postmortem by a combination of routine histopathology, showing a consistent pattern of organ involvement, and immunohistochemistry showing the infiltrating neoplastic lymphocytes to be T cells expressing the γδ T-cell receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hepatosplenic lymphoma in a dog.
MDA5 Participates in the Detection of Paramyxovirus Infection and Is Essential for the Early Activation of Dendritic Cells in Response to Sendai Virus Defective Interfering Particles

Defective interfering (DI) particles are byproducts of virus replication that potently enhance dendritic cell (DC) maturation by virus infection. DI particles have been reported for many different viruses and are strong inducers of type I IFNs. The cellular mechanisms involved in the response to DI particles are not known. In this study, we show that 1) DI particles are recognized by more than one viral sensor independently of TLRs and type I IFN signaling; 2) The helicase MDA5 participates in the detection of DI genomes as MDA5-deficient DCs respond inefficiently to Sendai virus stocks containing DI particles; 3) DI particles stimulate the expression of IRF3-responsive genes by a uniquely potent mechanism when compared with other prototypic viral stimulus; and 4) the efficient detection of DI particles overcomes virus immune antagonism. These data highlight the outstanding adjuvant capacity of DI particles in stimulating mouse and human DCs. They also offer biological relevance to the previously reported inhibition of MDA5 by different paramyxovirus V proteins. The unique mechanism by which DI particles trigger the maturation of DCs represents a novel strategy that could be further exploited for the development of potent adjuvant molecules.
Male Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: Use and Helpfulness of Services

Data obtained from a national study of male victims or survivors of intimate partner abuse (IPA) indicate that the experience (current or past) of abuse and with service use may predict a positive perception toward help seeking. However, marital status and a tendency to minimize problems may predict negative attitudes toward help seeking. Empirical evidence from this mixed-method study suggests that male victims face many interpersonal and societal obstacles. Feeling uncomfortable when requesting assistance, men in IPA situations are affected by a masking factor that causes them to hide their situation and contributes to a misconception factor that causes people to treat men as the sole perpetrator. Although men are eligible, services may not be perceived as being available or helpful. The study yields important implications for social work practice, and the findings result in several recommendations for increased awareness about IPA, advocacy for gender-inclusive services, revision of laws and policies, increased research, and emphasis on funded and anonymous services.
The Columbian Timber Beetle, Corthylus columbianus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): V. A Description of the Mycetangia

The mycetangia of Corthylus columbianus Hopkins are described. These structures lay immediately below the integument of the pronotum, one in each ventrolateral region. Each mycetangium is a coiled tube 4.69 ± 0.35 mm. in length, cream colored, opening into the anterior coxal cavity. Mycetangia occur only in the male beetle and provide the overwintering storage site and transmission mechanism for associated microorganisms. Smears and cultures of the mycetangia were positive for ascospores and vegetative cells of a yeast, Pichia sp., which coincides with the microsymbiote dominant in developmental chambers of the larvae.
In situ 7 Li and 133 Cs nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on the role of Cs + additive in lithium-metal deposition process

Abstract Cesium ion (Cs+) has been reported to be an effective electrolyte additive to suppress Li dendrite growth which prevents the application of lithium (Li) metal as an anode for rechargeable Li batteries. In this work, we investigated the effect of Cs+ additive on Li depositions using quantitative in situ 7Li and 133Cs nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with planar symmetric Li cells. It's found that the addition of Cs+ can significantly enhance both the formation of well aligned Li nanorods and reversibility of the Li electrode. In situ 133Cs NMR directly confirms that Cs+ migrates to Li electrode to form a positively charged electrostatic shield during the charging process. Much more electrochemical “active” Li was found in Li films deposited with Cs+ additive, while more electrochemical “dead” and thicker Li rods were identified in Li films deposited without Cs+. Combining the in situ and the previous ex-situ results, a Li deposition model has been proposed to explain these observations.
The Exodus in Islam: Citationality and Redemption

Classical Muslim exegetes, drawn from both Quranic and non-Quranic sources, have described the exodus as an illustration of divine punishment imposed on the Israelites for their transgression against God. This study, however, understands the Quranic accounts of the exodus in terms of a salvational drama. The revelation of Torah, central to the exodus story, is about the deliverance of God’s will in the act of law giving. Moses as both a prophet and a legislator plays a key role in manifesting God as the word in the citation of an authentic divine intention through the Torah. Divine presence is also found through miracles when God orders Moses to return the sea to its original form, and so the Israelites would be saved from Pharaoh. For their lack of gratitude for God’s help, the Israelites are punished for their transgression against his command. In 5:20–25, God commands the Israelites to enter the “holy land,” but they refuse because of giants. In turn, God condemns the Israelites with 40 years of wandering (5:26). In 7:148–158 and 20:80–98 the Israelites are described to transgress God’s command for worshiping the golden calf when Moses was absent for 40 nights. In turn, Moses orders the killing of those who worshiped the golden calf. However, while the Israelites are punished for their disobedience, they are also blessed with God’s mercy and generosity. When Moses’s anger subsides after throwing down the tables after finding the Israelites worshiping of the golden calf, he took up the tablets for “those who fearful of their Lord” (7:154). Throughout the Quran, the exodus narrative provides numerous instances when God would provide numerous blessings to the Israelites. Beyond punishment and blessing, however, the exodus identifies a metanarrative of spiritual liberation. In such account, the Israelites partake in a redemptive experience of a trial through adversity that ultimately reveals divine grace, a self-reflexive reference that unravels the God it cites into existence, and hence a promise for salvation. The exodus story therefore becomes a chronicle about God’s presence in the enactment of his will through the performance of delivering the laws, even as he appears to abandon his people, even as he appears to be invisible to all.
Computer applications in cell and neurobiology: a review.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the computer applications in cell and neurobiology. The development of large-scale integrated circuits (LSI) and metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) has literally revolutionized scientific lives. The chapter describes the uses of computer programs in microscope control and plotting, serial section reconstruction, computer-aided morphometric measurement, video image processing and analysis, photometry and fluorescence microscopy, autoradiography and immunocytochemistry, and other cell biology computer applications. The chapter also discusses microcomputer hardware and software, which is useful to laboratories contemplating the purchase of a microcomputer. Recently developed systems that use smaller, inexpensive microcomputers or single board microprocessors are described. Commercial manufacturers are rapidly developing computer-based systems for many cell and neurobiology applications. Many commercial vendors are now also interfacing specialized laboratory instruments to inexpensive general-purpose microcomputers.
Democracy or Disruption: an Empirical Analysis of Majority Elections

In the most recent proxy season, the majority election of board members has emerged as a major corporate governance initiative. Proponents suggest that majority elections are more democratic than the current plurality voting system, allowing greater shareholder power. Opponents believe that the costs of failed elections as well as other unfavorable outcomes outweigh the benefits of the process. In addition, recent academic evidence on the level of voting for directors suggests that almost all directors currently receive a majority of votes anyway. We examine the impact of financial and other governance characteristics on the probability that a firm receives a majority election proposal and on the probability of adoption. We also examine the abnormal return surrounding proposals and adoptions. Our evidence suggests that poorly performing firms with high outside board representation are more likely to receive and adopt majority proposals. Firms with poor performance and fewer shareholder rights are more likely to adopt the proposals. Firms announcing proposals earn significantly positive abnormal returns. Although firms adopting majority voting on average earn insignificant return, the returns are significantly higher in firms more insulated from takeover. Our results suggest that shareholders value majority voting, particularly in situations where the benefits are likely to be high.
Immigration Policing: Federalizing the Local

Recent immigration scholarship has identified two features of current immigration enforcement: the “federalization” of immigration law – meaning the growing participation of state and local police in immigration enforcement – and “crimmigration – the increasing use of immigration law as a strategy for crime control. Scholars argue that these trends are new and that they have had a negative effect on immigration regulation. By contrast, supporters of state and local immigration enforcement point out that police officers can serve as a powerful “force multiplier” by funneling the highest priority illegal aliens – criminal aliens – into the federal immigration system. They argue that this won’t change the shape of ordinary law enforcement. Neither side is correct. On the one hand, neither of these features is particularly new. For decades, federal immigration officials have been partnering with state and local officials and for nearly 100 years federal law has provided for deportation based on conviction of certain crimes. What is new is that enhanced funding and expanded programing has enlarged the scope of state and local participation and thrust it into public view. On the other hand, proponents of state and local police as “force multipliers” underestimate the extent to which this increased participation distorts both federal immigration enforcement policy and state and local law enforcement policy. These distortions result primarily from one salient feature of the merged system: the fact that state and local police involved in immigration enforcement make front-end law enforcement decisions in light of the promise of back-end immigration enforcement. This has led to the use of pre-textual stops and arrests ostensibly for traffic violations or minor crimes but actually for the purpose of feeding suspected illegal aliens into the immigration enforcement system. This article demonstrates how pre-textual enforcement actions distort federal and state/local enforcement priorities and undermine political accountability. They also lead, almost inevitably, to racial profiling that is largely impervious to legal and constitutional challenge. Assuming, as I do, that immigration policing and crimmigration are here to stay, the challenge is to harness the “force multiplier” of state and local enforcement without creating the dysfunction that can accompany it. The key is to find ways to decouple state and local law enforcement decisions from the promise of immigration enforcement. This article identifies some promising responses in this direction by ICE and state and local law enforcement agencies. While these early efforts are inadequate, they may point the way forward in a world in which immigration federalism and crimmigration are here to stay.
Kiskeyana new replacement name for the assassin bug Kiskeya (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Recently, Weirauch and Forero (2007) described the new genus and species Kiskeya palassaina from two localities in the Dominican Republic. Regrettably, this Caribbean apterous assassin bug was found to be a junior homonym of Kiskeya Konstatinov & Chamorro-Lacayo (2006) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). As such, we are proposing the new replacement name Kiskeyana , nomen novum for Kiskeya Weirauch & Forero, 2007. The type, and only included species, results in Kiskeyana palassaina (Weirauch & Forero), new combination
Muscle afferent activity modulates bioassayable growth hormone in human plasma.

Immunoassayable and bioassayable growth hormone responses to vibration-induced activation of muscle spindle afferents of the soleus (Sol) or tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were studied in 10 men. S...
A Review of “Practical Strategies for Cataloging Departments”

For more than one hundred years cataloging departments have continued to provide access to the world's bibliographic information amid a myriad of organizational, structural, and technological chang...
The Routinization of Charisma: A Consideration of Catholicism

After showing how basic Max Weber's concept of the routinization of charisma is, both to his sociological theory in general, and to his sociology of religion in particular, the paper raises the question whether Catholicism has in fact become routinized in the way Weber thought unavoidable. Three arguments are used to prove that this has not happened: the original charisma has been repeatedly re-awakened; in the so-called forum internum, i.e., the practice of the confessional, no legalization has taken place; and the growth of a rationalizing theology has been counterbalanced by a permanent and ever-renewed exploration of mystery. especially through the medium of art.
Structures of New Nitrides Prepared using Solid Oxide Precursors

Several novel transition metal nitrides and oxynitrides were synthesized via ammonolysis of solid state oxide precursors at temperatures ranging from 700°C-900°C and reaction times ranging from 12 hours to 4 days. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and their structures were determined by powder X-ray Rietveld refinement. The relationships between the structures of these nitrides and oxynitrides, and their similarity to the structures of the transition metal dichalcogenides, is discussed.
Free Basics: Is it Really Free?

The United Nations Broadband Commission’s most recent study on the Global State of Internet Connectivity reported approximately fifty-seven percent of the world population, more than four billion people, suffer from inconsistent access to the internet. Free Basics offers a new solution through the provision of free, yet limited, mobile broadband content to impoverished vulnerable populations in developing countries. However, the initiative is extremely controversial and has been at the center of policy debates due to a myriad of purported ethical violations. The research proposed seeks to analyze the economic impact on the impoverished vulnerable users exploited by Free Basics, who are tempted to buy data plans they cannot afford. The study will include an investigation of the impact on household budgets and uncover opportunity costs, the trade-offs made to obtain the service. The findings will contribute to building a larger policy framework that responsibly advances connecting the world.
A Computer Simulation of the Paradox of Voting

This paper presents estimates of the probability that the occurrence of the Paradox of Voting, commonly known as Arrow's Paradox, will prevent the selection of a majority issue when odd-sized committees of m judges vote upon n issues. The estimates, obtained through computer simulation of the voting process, indicate that the probability of such an intransitive social ordering is lower than the ratio of intransitive outcomes to all outcomes.Many of the arguments in political theory and welfare economics dealing with the paradox (e.g., Downs, 1957; Black, 1958; Schubert, 1960) seem to have implicitly assumed that since the paradox exists, its likelihood of occurrence is very close to 1. The results in this paper may call for a re-examination of these positions.
Modeling the Work of Humans and Automation in Complex Operations

Humans have always been the vital components of complex operations, notably including aviation. They remain so even as sophisticated automation systems are introduced, changing – but not eliminating – the role of the human relative to the collective work required to achieve mission performance. Automation designers and certification agencies are interested in methods to predict and model how complex operations can be performed by teams of humans and automated agents. This paper proposes that the combined activities of both human and automation required by a proposed design can best be captured by focusing on modeling the work inherent to a complex operation. As a fundamental first step, the overall concept of operations spanning all the work activities can be examined for its feasibility in nominal and off-nominal conditions. These activities can then also be examined to see whether the demands they place upon the human agents in the system are feasible and facilitate the human's ability to contribute, rather than assuming unreasonable situations such as excessive workload, boredom, incoherent task descriptions, excessive monitoring requirements, etc. Further, trade-offs in distributing these activities across agents (both human and automated) can be evaluated in terms of task-interleaving created by the distribution of activity and in terms of the 'interaction overhead' associated with communication and coordination between agents required for a given distribution. A description of a modeling and simulation framework capable of modeling work is provided along with an analysis framework to evaluate proposed complex operations.