cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La solidarité et la justice reconsidérées

En commencant par deplorer l’absence de place pour la solidarite dans l’interpretation de la « justice de marche » au xxie siecle, l’article propose une autre voie, soit la relation dialectique entre la justice et la solidarite. Alors que la justice met l’accent sur l’« egalite » pour tous, la solidarite s’attarde surtout sur la « difference » et la diversite. Le pont entre les deux concepts peut etre trouve dans les recentes reinterpretations de la theorie de la reconnaissance, qui touche les spheres privee, sociale et politique. L’article preconise toutefois une approche critique, qui prend le manque de reconnaissance, plutot que la reconnaissance, comme point de depart. L’ethique en general et l’ethique chretienne en particulier doivent preter attention aux experiences et aux recits des personnes qui semblent invisibles et inaudibles dans les systemes de justice fondes sur le merite et les accomplissements, et ce, dans le but d’identifier les violations de droits aussi bien que les pratiques d’exclusion subies par ces personnes. En se preoccupant d’abord des experiences reelles d’injustice au lieu de la theorie normative de la justice, la relation dialectique entre la justice et la solidarite devient claire : la solidarite revele non seulement le fosse entre la theorie et la pratique, ou l’inevitable cote aveugle de la justice, mais elle s’affiche aussi clairement en faveur des personnes souffrant d’injustice. La solidarite est orientee vers l’action. Elle fait pression sur les institutions pour qu’elles deviennent justes, tout en pronant des changements pour ceux et celles qui souffrent le plus d’injustice, et tout en accompagnant ces personnes. Par ailleurs, la solidarite critique mais aussi partisane necessite la vision impartiale et egalitaire d’une justice en tant que critique d’une ideologie potentielle qui est liee a un concept identitaire et a une politique identitaire.
Crack-growth resistance in transformation-toughened ceramics

Abstract Crack-growth resistance in transformation-toughened ceramics is studied by modeling the region surrounding an advancing crack tip as a zone which has undergone a uniform dilatational phase transformation. This zone is allowed to evolve around the advancing crack tip under conditions of increasing far-field load while the tip is maintained at a critical stress intensity necessary for fracture. This procedure leads to the surprising conclusion that maximum toughening occurs for finite amounts of crack advance.
Gibbs sampling, conjugate priors and coupling

We give a large family of simple examples where a sharp analysis of the Gibbs sampler can be proved by coupling. These examples involve standard statistical models — exponential families with conjugate priors or location families with natural priors. Our main approach uses a single eigenfunction (always explicitly available in the examples in question) and stochastic monotonicity. We give a satisfactory treatment of several examples that have defeated previous attempts at analysis.
A level set method for determining critical curvatures for drainage and imbibition

An accurate description of the mechanics of pore level displacement of immiscible fluids could significantly improve the predictions from pore network models of capillary pressure-saturation curves, interfacial areas and relative permeability in real porous media. If we assume quasi-static displacement, at constant pressure and surface tension, pore scale interfaces are modeled as constant mean curvature surfaces, which are not easy to calculate. Moreover, the extremely irregular geometry of natural porous media makes it difficult to evaluate surface curvature values and corresponding geometric configurations of two fluids. Finally, accounting for the topological changes of the interface, such as splitting or merging, is nontrivial. We apply the level set method for tracking and propagating interfaces in order to robustly handle topological changes and to obtain geometrically correct interfaces. We describe a simple but robust model for determining critical curvatures for throat drainage and pore imbibition. The model is set up for quasi-static displacements but it nevertheless captures both reversible and irreversible behavior (Haines jump, pore body imbibition). The pore scale grain boundary conditions are extracted from model porous media and from imaged geometries in real rocks. The method gives quantitative agreement with measurements and with other theories and computational approaches.
Surfactant Self-Assemblies Controlling Spontaneous Dewetting

We have examined the structures of surfactant self-assemblies left on substrates as a contact line spontaneously retreats across the surface during an autophobing event. A continuous structural gradient is formed during the spontaneous retreat: from molecules lying down on the surface with low packing densities in a region never touched by the solution, to molecules standing up with higher packing densities in a region where the contact line has moved slowly. Despite significant free volumes within the self-assemblies, there is no evidence of clustering of molecules. We have observed a clear correlation between retreating contact line speeds and deposited surfactant structures. The dynamics during at least a later period of the autophobing event is dominated by the time evolution of Young's force dictated by the self-assembly near the contact line.
Study of Inelastic Proton-Proton Scattering at 12.5 GeV/ c

We have tested experimentally the model that the three regions seen in $p\ensuremath{-}p$ elastic scattering are the diffraction scattering due to $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $K$, and $\overline{p}$ production. The inelastic $p\ensuremath{-}p$ cross section was measured on circles of constant ${P}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}$. One contained a pure sample of inelastic $\ensuremath{\pi}$ events; the other, both $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K$ events. The cross section has a break on both circles showing that the break is not due to $K$ mesons and that the model is wrong.
CONSEQUENTIALISM, GROUP ACTS, AND TROLLEYS

: Multiple-Act Consequentialism specifies that one should only defect from a group act with good consequences if one can achieve better consequences by the defecting act alone than the entire group act achieves. It also holds that when different valuable group agents of which one is part specify roles which conflict, one should follow the role in the group act with more valuable consequences. This paper develops Multiple-Act Consequentialism as a solution to the Trolley Problem.
Primary carcinoma of stensen's duct: Recognition and management with literature review

Primary carcinoma of Stensen's duct is a rare neoplasm with only 15 cases reported in the English literature since 1927. The authors present a recent additional patient and discuss their criteria for the determination of true primary ductal lesions based upon clinical presentation, operative findings, and tumor histology. This method of selection, most particularly involving electron microscopy in the reported case, is necessary to define whether the lesion originates from the ductal epithelium. All previously reported cases were reviewed, together with the actual pathologic slides in four available cases. Only ten were retained as primary ductal lesions. Most important, this analysis clarifies the natural history of these neoplasms and reinforces a recent theory of histogenesis of salivary gland tumors. In light of these findings, a rational treatment plan can be suggested.
Concentration dependent alterations of DNA replication initiation and elongation by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide

Vero cells treated with various concentrations of (+/-)7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy, 7,8,9,10-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BP-diol epoxide I) exhibited dose-dependent inhibition in both the rate of DNA synthesis and in the size of nascent DNA. The maximum inhibition was seen 2--3 h after addition of BP-diol epoxide I. A recovery in both the rate of synthesis and size of nascent DNA was observed 5--10 h after treatment. The pH step alkaline elution assay which separates different nascent DNA replication intermediates was used to investigate whether the inhibition and recovery noted above could be accounted for by alterations in DNA replication initiation (DNA synthesis within a replicon) or elongation (rejoining of replicons). At lowest dose studied (0.166 muM BP-diol epoxide I) a reversible inhibition in DNA initiation was observed. At the higher dose levels (0.66 muM and 1.66 muM BP-diol epoxide I) inhibition of both DNA initiation and elongation were observed and inhibition of elongation predominated. The inhibition in elongation was detected by an increase in the relative amount of low molecular weight nascent DNA associated with DNA synthesis within a replicon and a relative decrease in the higher molecular weight elongated DNA. A reversal in the inhibition of both initiationmore » and elongation was noted.« less
Comparison of mitotic phenomena and effects induced by hypertonic solutions in HeLa cells.

Interphase HeLa cells exposed to solutions that are 1.6 x isotonic manifest a series of morphological transformations, several of which grossly resemble those which occur when untreated cells enter prophase. These include chromosome condensation with preferential localization at the nuclear envelope and nucleolus, ruffling of the nuclear envelope, and polyribosome breakdown. The nucleolus loses its fibrous component and appears diffusely granular. At 2.8 x isotonicity the nuclear envelope is selectively dispersed although other membranes show morphological alterations also. The characteristic transitions of the lysosomes, Golgi complex, and microtubules seen in normal mitosis do not occur during hypertonic treatment. All the changes induced with hypertonic solutions are rapidly reversible, and the nucleus particularly goes through a recovery phase which bears some similarity to that of the telophase nucleus. The prophase-like condensation of the chromatin following exposure of the intact cell to hypertonic medium cannot be reproduced on an ultrastructural level in the isolated nucleus with any known variation in salt concentration, suggesting significant modifications of the nuclear contents during isolation. In addition to these morphological responses, hypertonic solutions also markedly and reversibly depress macromolecular synthesis. The polyribosome disaggregation that results from exposure to hypertonic solutions may be partially prevented by prior exposure to elevated Mg++ concentrations; this same ion is also partially effective in preventing the polyribosome breakdown which normally occurs as cells enter mitosis.
A Patch-Clamp Study on the Physiology of Aluminum Toxicity and Aluminum Tolerance in Maize. Identification and Characterization of Al3+-Induced Anion Channels

The presence of Al(3+) in the rhizosphere induces citrate efflux from the root apex of the Al-tolerant maize (Zea mays) hybrid South American 3, consequently chelating and reducing the activity of toxic Al(3+) at the root surface. Because citrate is released from root apical cells as the deprotonated anion, we used the patch-clamp technique in protoplasts isolated from the terminal 5 mm of the root to study the plasma membrane ion transporters that could be involved in Al-tolerance and Al-toxicity responses. Acidification of the extracellular environment stimulated inward K(+) currents while inhibiting outward K(+) currents. Addition of extracellular Al(3+) inhibited the remaining K(+) outward currents, blocked the K(+) inward current, and caused the activation of an inward Cl(-) current (anion efflux). Studies with excised membrane patches revealed the existence of Al-dependent anion channels, which were highly selective for anions over cations. Our success in activating this channel with extracellular Al(3+) in membrane patches excised prior to any Al(3+) exposure indicates that the machinery required for Al(3+) activation of this channel, and consequently the whole root Al(3+) response, is localized to the root-cell plasma membrane. This Al(3+)-activated anion channel may also be permeable to organic acids, thus mediating the Al-tolerance response (i.e. Al-induced organic acid exudation) observed in intact maize root apices.
METABOLISM OF C14 LABELED ENANTIOMERS OF TRYPTOPHAN, KYNURENINE AND HYDROXYKYNURENINE IN HUMANS WITH SCLERODERMA

Metabolism of labeled enantiomers of tryptophan, kynurenine and hydroxykynurenine into C 14 O 2 and nine tryptophan metabolites was studied in five patients with scleroderma. The D-isomers of tryptophan, kynurenine and hydroxykyurenine were poorly converted to CO 2 but did give rise to small amounts of activity in several of the urinary metabolites. These observations suggest that man may have D-amino acid oxidase and hydroxylase enzyme systems capable of converting small amounts of the D-isomers into metabolites found in the urine. However, on the basis of previously published animal data, which showed a delayed absorption of the D-isomers from the intestine, it is not possible to exclude metabolites arising from action of the intestinal flora. With both the D- and L-isomers, the C 14 activity isolated in known urinary metabolites accounted for only a small part of the total urinary C 14 activity. In several patients given 2 gms of L-tryptophan with C 14 labeled tryptophan, expiratory C 14 O 2 was depressed and urinary labeled quinolinic acid activity was elevated when compared to patients in previous studies. These factors suggest that some scleroderma patients may have an alteration of a metabolic step in the pathway after hydroxyanthranilic acid. Conclusive evidence of a relationship between amount of C 14 O 2 produced after a 2 gm load of L-tryptophan and metabolic abnormalities was not observed. The experiments showed that the racemic mixture of a labeled tryptophan compound could be used for a C 14 O 2 metabolism study, but that the use of pure, natural L-isomers is necessary for meaningful results in the study of tryptophan metabolism in man.
Optimized holographic optical traps

Holographic optical traps use the forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to trap, move and otherwise transform mesoscopically textured materials. This article introduces methods for optimizing holographic optical traps' efficiency and accuracy, and an optimal statistical approach for characterizing their performance. This combination makes possible real-time adaptive optimization.
Regulation of cocaine-induced reinstatement by group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the ventral tegmental area

A high rate of relapse is a daunting challenge facing clinical treatment of cocaine addiction. Recent studies have shown that drugs of abuse enhance glutamate neurotransmission in dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and such enhancement may contribute to the risk of relapse. Given the important role of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3s) in regulating glutamate release from the glutamatergic terminals, this study aimed to test whether activation of mGluR2/3s in the VTA can inhibit cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, a model of relapse to drug-seeking behavior. Rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine (0.25 mg/infusion) under a modified fixed-ratio 5 schedule. After rats reached the training criteria, they went through extinction training to extinguish cocaine-seeking behavior. Then the dose–response effects of a selective mGluR2/3 agonist LY 379268 microinjected into the VTA on cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior were assessed. LY 379268 (0.032–0.1 μg/side) dose-dependently decreased cocaine-induced reinstatement. The effect could not be fully attributed to diffusion of the drug to the neighboring substantia nigra or to motor impairment. Interestingly, LY 379268 has a less potent effect on cocaine-induced reinstatement than on sucrose-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behavior. Our data support the idea that glutamate release in the VTA is critically involved in cocaine-induced reinstatement and indicate that loss of mGluR2/3-mediated regulation of glutamate release in the VTA may critically contribute to the risk of relapse.
Evaluation of two management strategies for stalk borer, Papaipema nebris, in corn

Abstract Two models, one to predict stalk borer ( Papaipema nebris Guenee) development and the other to predict larval movement from grass terraces to corn, were used to time applications of the insecticide, permethrin. Both models were based upon degree-day accumulations from 1 January and used a developmental threshold of 5.1°C. Permethrin, applied during the egg-hatch period, significantly reduced stalk borer density in smooth brome ( Bromus inermis Leyssera) terraces by 54–85% over untreated plots during 1986 and 1987. Applications of permethrin that were timed to coincide with larval movement, however, were more effective in reducing severe damage to plants in corn rows adjacent to terraces than applications during egg hatch in 1987. This study suggests that using degree-day models to time insecticide application may be a viable strategy for stalk borer management.
A modified step test based on a function of subjects' stature.

A number of submaximal step tests have been developed to predict maximal aerobic capacity. Because step height may influence biomechanical efficiency and heart rate, step tests based on subjects' stature may more accurately predict maximal aerobic capacity. Eighteen women performed the Queens College step test and a modified Queens College step test. The modified step test was performed with the height of the bench set even with the height of the foot at a knee angle of 90 degrees. Analysis of the data indicated a lower recovery heart rate following this test (p < .05). Further, correlations between maximal aerobic capacity and recovery heart rate for both tests were moderate (r = -.80 and -.75, respectively). Our results suggest that step tests based on subjects' stature do not more accurately predict aerobic capacity than those using a standardized bench height.
Current issues in reperfusion therapy

With the establishment of thrombosis as the cause of myocardial infarction, the pivotal role of thrombolytics and primary angioplasty has evolved. Large randomized trials with innovative methodologies have examined the role of these reperfusion therapies in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy decreases mortality in a broad group of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO trial established intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used in combination with intravenous heparin as the most effective thrombolytic therapy. Importantly, the time to achieve reperfusion is crucial to the mortality benefit observed, and rapid attainment of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial grade 3 flow is achieved in only approximately 55% of patients who receive thrombolytics. Reocclusion, cellular damage, and microvascular dysfunction may contribute to less than optimal results. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) may be the preferred method of acute reperfusion therapy based on higher rates of TIMI grade 3 flow and lower rates of reocclusion and recurrent myocardial infarction. However, marked variation exists in outcomes and utilization rates among individual institutions, and the benefits of PTCA have not been consistently maintained at 6 months. The use of stents and anticoagulants may improve results, and pre-PTCA strategies also are under investigation. Limitations remain in the efficacy of current reperfusion therapies, supporting the search for improved thrombolytic agents, primary angioplasty, stents, and antithrombotics with the goal of improving TIMI 3 flow rates and achieving reperfusion more rapidly.
A Model for Identifying Learning Disabilities in College-Bound Students

The purpose of this study was to determine if the American College Test (ACT) can be used to measure reading ability and if, collectively, the ACT, the Standard Test of Academic Skills (TASK), and grade point average (GPA) can predict a learning disability. The Pearson r was used to measure the relationship between ACT and TASK scores. A multivariate analysis of variance test and Wilks' A test was used to measure differentiation between groups and support the utilization of discriminant analysis. It was found that the ACT can measure reading ability for incoming college freshmen and that, by using ACT, TASK scores, and GPA of incoming college freshmen, a prediction can be made of a learning disability with an 84% accuracy. It was concluded that further research was needed to determine generalizability of the findings to colleges and universities throughout the nation.
Some Formulation Properties of Lapachol, A Potential Oncolytic Agent of Natural Origin

AbstractLapachol is a naphthaquinone of natural origin with reported oncolytic activity. However, earlier antitumor studies were inhibited by inadequate blood levels, allegedly due to formulation difficulties.This present study shows that water solubility is markedly influenced by pH, varying from 1.5 μg/mL at pH 4.0 to 5 mg/mL at pH 10.0.Evaluation of mixed solvent systems demonstrated that up to 30 mg/mL could be dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. Aqueous PEG 400 solutions of lapachol were stable at refrigerator temperatures but deteriorated when exposed to light or autoclaving. Aqueous ethanol or propylene glycol are realistic alternative solvent systems for injectable lapachol solutions that may be sterilized by autoclaving.Phosphatide stabilized triglyceride emulsions are broken down by lapachol, suggesting an interfacial interaction between the phosphatide and the lapachol in the aqueous phase.
Weak-Lensing Determination of the Mass in Galaxy Halos

We detect the weak gravitational lensing distortion of 450,000 background galaxies (20 < R < 23) by 790 foreground galaxies (R < 18) selected from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS). This is the first detection of weak lensing by field galaxies of known redshift, and as such permits us to reconstruct the shear profile of the typical field galaxy halo in absolute physical units (modulo H0), and to investigate the dependence of halo mass upon galaxy luminosity. This is also the first galaxy-galaxy lensing study for which the calibration errors due to uncertainty in the background galaxy redshift distribution and the seeing correction are negligible. Within a projected radius of 200 h-1 kpc, the shear profile is consistent with an isothermal profile with circular velocity vc = 164 ± 20 km s-1 for an L* galaxy, consistent with the typical circular velocity for the disks of spirals at this luminosity. This halo mass normalization, combined with the halo profile derived by Fischer and coworkers from a galaxy-galaxy lensing analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, places a lower limit of (2.7 ± 0.6) × 1012 h-1 M☉ on the mass of an L* galaxy halo, in good agreement with the satellite galaxy studies of Zaritsky et al. Given the known luminosity function of LCRS galaxies, and assuming that M ∝ Lβ for galaxies, we determine that the mass within 260 h-1 kpc of normal galaxies contributes Ω = 0.16 ± 0.03 to the density of the universe (for β = 1) or Ω = 0.24 ± 0.06 for β = 0.5. These lensing data suggest that 0.6 < β < 2.4 (95% confidence level), only marginally in agreement with the usual β ≈ 0.5 Faber-Jackson or Tully-Fisher scaling. This is the most complete direct inventory of the matter content of the universe to date.
Diagnostic pitfalls of peritoneal washing cytology and the role of cell blocks in their diagnosis

Mesothelial cell hyperplasia, collagen balls, endometriosis, and endosalpingiosis are diagnostic pitfalls on peritoneal washing cytology in women who present with gynecologic lesions. Over an 8-month period, the peritoneal washings from 10 patients undergoing gynecologic surgery for presumed malignancy showed unusual cytologic findings, several of which posed diagnostic difficulties. The washings from four patients with ovarian carcinomas were cellular and contained clusters and strips of cells with cytologic atypia mimicking malignancy. Confirmation of their benign mesothelial origin was confirmed on immunohistochemistry utilizing cell block preparations. In two cases of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, the washings contained several clusters of cells surrounding and/or admixed with a globular substance. Due to their similarity to endometrial cells, immunohistochemistry was performed on cell block preparations. The cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and B72.3, confirming their mesothelial origin. In one case, clinically presumed to be a malignant mass, the washings contained tight clusters of cells with mild cytologic atypia admixed with hemosiderin-laden macrophages. In conjunction with the cell block findings, a diagnosis of endometriosis was made. Extensive endometriosis was found on the surgically resected specimen. In two cases, strips of ciliated epithelial cells resembling tubal epithelium were present on the cytologic and cell block preparations, consistent with endosalpingiosis. The peritoneal washings in one case contained several clusters and balls of atypical cells surrounding microcalcifications on cell block preparation. Since calcification within groups of cells in peritoneal washings always raised the possibility of malignancy, a serous carcinoma of the ovary, particularly of borderline malignancy, would have to be excluded. Fortunately, the resected specimen was free of tumor and showed calcified endosalpingiosis on the ovarian surface. Preparation of cell blocks from peritoneal washings is of value in the work-up and management of patients who present with cytologic mimickers of malignancy on fluid cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:335–341. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis with Intravitreous Cidofovir in Patients with AIDS: A Preliminary Report

Background: Cytomegalovirus retinitis remains a major cause of illness in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and existing therapies for this condition are relatively ineff...
Single thermocouple differential thermal analysis with application to quantitative low level detection of free crystalline quartz

Abstract A new method of differential thermal analysis involving a digital multimeter has been developed and applied to the quantitative detection of free crystalline quartz at low concentration levels. in this method the ultimate reference material, the sample itself, is used and only one thermocouple is required. The method is made differential by computer analysis of the resulting temperature-time curve. In this manner DTA curves free of many drift effects normally associated with conventional DTA are obtained. With this method the detectability limit for quartz has been lowered from the generally accepted value of about 1% to less than 0.25%. The relationship between silica level and peak area was found to fit a quadratic function with an error of about 0.2% SiO 2 . The method could have important application in the general field of conventional DTA.
The Sarbadars of Sabzavar: Re-Examining Their 'Shi'a' Roots and Alleged Goal to 'Destroy Khurasanian Sunnism'

It has been claimed that the Sarbadars were initially Shi'a, and had established a 'Shi'a republic' in Sabzavar. This article challenges that claim, and shows that the Sarbadar state only became Ithna-'ashari about 27 years after the rebellion. The confessionally mixed Sarbadar rebels allied with a Shi'a ghulat militia, and that association, coupled with the romanticization and politicization of the Sarbadars' rebellion, has distorted interpretations on the Sarbadars. It is hypothesized that this extremist militia was influenced by Isma'ili doctrines.
Use of dabigatran versus warfarin for patients with atrial fibrillation.

Practice PearlSwitching patients from warfarin to dabigatran for long-term anticoagulation is safe and effective.
Overexpression of AE1 Prague, but not of AE1 SAO, inhibits wild-type AE1 trafficking in Xenopus oocytes

Mutations in the AE1 (band 3) anion exchanger of human erythrocytes have been associated with altered red cell shape and heritable disease.The Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) AE1 mutation, a 27 nt deletion producing the Δ400–408 form of AE1, and the AE1 Prague mutation, a 10 nt insertion producing a frameshift after AE1 aa 821 leading to premature termination, are found only in the heterozygous state. We therefore examined accumulation and function of wt AE1 polypeptide in Xenopus oocytes when coexpressed with AE1 SAO and with AE1 Prague. Our SAO construct lacked the K56E (AE1 Memphis) polymorphism present in the endogenous AE1 SAO protein. Neither mutant AE1 mediated Cl−} uptake into cRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. Coninjection of mutant and wt cRNAs led to dose-dependent inhibition of wt function by AE1 Prague, but not by SAO. Though in vitro translation of the two mutants revealed little difference in their insertion into microsomal membranes, AE1 Prague accumulated in Xenopus oocytes to lower levels than did AE1 SAO or wt. Unlike AE1 SAO polypeptide, AE1 Prague polypeptide was not detectable at the oocyte surface. Moreover, overexpression of AE1 Prague, in contrast to AE1 SAO, reduced the accumulation of wt AE1, at the oocyte surface. This inhibition occurred in the absence of detectable heteromer formation between the AE1 Prague and wt AE1 polypeptides.
A note on structure and looking back applied to the relative complexity of computable functions

Abstract A strong connection is established between the structural and the looking back techniques for manipulating the relative complexity of computable functions and exploring the nature of subrecursive reducibilities. Looking back serves as a basis for a simple and general structural result which can be used to derive many fundamental properties of subrecursive degrees and complexity classes. For example, as has been shown by L. H. Landweber, R. J. Lipton, and E. L. Robertson (Theor. Comput. Sci., in press), there is a minimal pair of polynomial time degrees below any nonzero computable degree. In addition, the structural method is used to settle a problem concerning the enumeration properties of classes of computable functions. N P-P cannot be effectively presented by domain (i.e. by r.e. indices). However, it can be effectively presented by Δ2 indices.
Three-dimensional imaging with stereotactic ultrasonography

Abstract Stereotactic ultrasonography is a technique for determining the position and orientation of B-mode ultrasound images in a reference coordinate system. A technique for constructing three-dimensional (3D) image volumes has been developed that uses this new technology. Given several registered images, a 3D volume is constructed either by a “nearest-neighbor” or a “closest-points” interpolation approach. The resulting volume can be rendered using 3D rendering software. In addition, the voxels in the volume are at known positions allowing determination of position for structures in the volume. Results are shown for various test cases, and applicability to medical imaging applications and stereotactic neurosurgery is discussed.
Digital images in American and Canadian dentistry education: Second-stage needs assessment

This study serves as a follow-up to a previous needs assessment, which was intended to determine the need on the part of dental faculty members and researchers for an online repository of digitized dental images. The previous needs assessment found preliminary indications of such need. However, the previous needs assessment focused primarily on one exemplar institution, along with a brief survey of academic deans at U.S. and Canadian dental schools. The current needs assessment incorporated a survey intended to reach a much broader range of dental faculty members in the U.S. and Canada. The basic goals were to confirm the findings of the earlier needs assessment, to asses the potential value of potential image characteristics and metadata elements, as well as to begin determining whether dental faculty members and researchers would be willing to contribute to the repository.
The Use of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Scan in the Evaluation of a Patient with Carney Complex

A 32-yr-old woman presented with clinical hypercortisolism, including a 30-lb weight gain, central obesity, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, and hypertension with hypokalemia. The patient reported easy bruisability, and her surgical history included bilateral breast fibrous adenomas within a myxoid stroma. Labs: K+ 2.9 mmol/liter, 0800-h cortisol 33 μg/dl; 1600-h cortisol 35 μg/dl; and 24-h urine-free cortisol 175 μg. An adrenal computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral nodularity; a positron emission tomography (PET)-CT demonstrated F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in both adrenals (Fig. 1​1 and 2​2).). The patient underwent a two-stage laparoscopic adrenal resection. Pathology revealed primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) (Fig. 3​3). Figure 1 F18 fluorodeoxyglucose avid adrenal glands, transverse section, adrenal glands at white arrows. Standardized Uptake Values (SUV):Liver-3.0(range 2.75–3.4), left adrenal-4.45, right adrenal-3.54. Figure 2 F18 fluorodeoxyglucose avid adrenal glands, coronal section, adrenal glands at white arrows. Standardized Uptake Values (SUV):Liver-3.0(range 2.75–3.4), left adrenal-4.45, right adrenal-3.54. Figure 3 Left adrenal gland; the white arrows point to pigmented areas of the nodular cells (lipofuscin granules). Magnification 40×. Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome associated with hyperfunctioning pituitary, gonads and/or adrenals with hypercortisolism being the most common endocrine finding (1). The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome may be elusive: sometimes, abnormal cortisol secretion can only be demonstrated after a dexamethasone-induced stimulation (2), and adrenal CT can be equivocal (3). PET scan of the adrenals has been used to detect cancers, but PET imaging alone may be ambiguous, and the diagnostic capability is increased with PET-CT, allowing for simultaneous anatomical and functional evaluation of adrenal lesions (4). The presence of breast myxomas, PPNAD, and a PRKAR1A mutation confirmed the diagnosis of CNC in our patient; genetic analysis demonstrated a mutation of the PRKAR1A gene (IVS1–2 A>G), which has been shown before to cause PPNAD and CNC (5). The patient’s only child, a daughter, carries the same PRKAR1A mutation. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of PET-CT imaging of the adrenal glands in PPNAD. PET-CT imaging may be useful in the evaluation of patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. Apparently, not all F18-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid adrenal glands contain malignancies.
Effects of Downdrafts and Mesoscale Convective Organization on the Heat and Moisture Budgets of Tropical Cloud Clusters. Part II: Effects of Convective-Scale Downdrafts

Abstract The diagnostic cumulus ensemble model presented in Part I of this paper is applied to the data taken during Phase III of the GARP Tropical Atlantic Experiment (GATE) to examine the effects of convective-scale downdrafts on the large-scale heat and moisture budgets. The model is used to diagnose the mass fluxes of cumulus updrafts and downdrafts using the observed values of Q1 − Q2 − QR, where Q1, Q2 and QR are the apparent heat source, the apparent moisture sink and radiative heating rate, respectively. Using the diagnosed mass fluxes, we calculate the cumulus contributions to the residuals of heat and moisture budgets separately. We demonstrate that the inclusion of convective-scale downdrafts is essential to obtain accurately the cumulus contributions to the budget residuals. In the lower troposphere the contributions of downdrafts to Q1 − QR and Q2 are comparable to the contributions of updrafts. Convective-scale updrafts tend to warm and dry the cumulus environment, while convective-scale dow...
A new atomic database for X-ray spectroscopic calculations

The authors undertook to compile a database of recent values of the atomic parameters required for fundamental parameters (FP) calculation of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, calculation of X-ray absorption in crystals and other samples, and correction of X-ray absorption spectra for self-absorption effects. All values were obtained from published sources and include the elements hydrogen (atomic number 1) through californium (atomic number 98). The data were collected into a single unstructured ASCII text file.
Novel biosensor chip for simultaneous detection of DNA-carcinogen adducts with low-temperature fluorescence

A monoclonal antibody (MAb)-gold biosensor chip with low-temperature laser-induced fluorescence detection for analysis of DNA-carcinogen adducts is described. Optimization of the detection limit, dynamic range, and biosensing applicability of the MAb-gold biosensor chip was achieved by: (1) using dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate (DSP)) as a protein linker and (2) employing recombinant protein A to provide oriented immobilization of the MAbs. The use of DSP, which has a short methylene chain length, led to faster protein binding kinetics and higher protein surface density than a longer dithiobis(succinimidyl undecanoate) (DSU) linker. The incorporation of recombinant protein A increased the distance between the oriented MAb-bound analytes and the gold surface. The increased distance minimized fluorescence quenching, resulting in about a 10-fold increase in the fluorescence signal in comparison with a chip without protein A. The improved chip architecture was used to demonstrate that biosensing of two structurally similar benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-derived DNA adducts, BP-6-N7Gua and BP-diolepoxide-10-N2dG, bound to two specific MAbs immobilized from a mixture at the same address on the chip, is feasible. These mutagenic adducts are formed by one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation pathways, and are depurinating and stable DNA adducts, respectively. It is shown that the DNA adducts can be easily identified at the same address using time-resolved, low-temperature laser-based fluorescence spectroscopy. The current limit of detection is in the low femtomole range. These results indicate that a single biosensor chip consisting of a Au/DSP/protein A/MAb nano-assembly, with analyte-specific MAbs and low-temperature fluorescence detection should be suitable for simultaneous detection and quantitation of the above adducts, as well as the luminescent antigens for which selective MAbs exist.
Publicness, Scale, and Spillover Effects in Defense Spending:

In this article the theory of bureaucracy is used to analyze the collective choice mechamsm for determining military spending. The model integrates economies of size in military output from both the consumption (publicness) and production (scale) sides. Spillover effects on a nation's military spending from its allies and rivals are also investigated. The empirical results reveal significant differences between groups of nations in the net economies of country size and in the direction and magnitude of spillover effects. In addition, spillover effects appear to differ between types of allies, depending on whether they are members of formal alliances.
The use of fresh tissue arterial substitutes in infected fields.

Abstract An experiment, designed to test the efficacy of arterial bypass in the presence of infection using fresh autograft and allograft arteries in comparison to knitted Dacron grafts is presented. Three months following implantation of these conduits in infected femoral wounds, 11 out of 12 autografts, and 10 out of 12 allografts were found to be sterile, while 7 out of 8 Dacron grafts were infected. The results of this study suggest that fresh, live arterial autograft and allograft arteries are suitable materials for arterial reconstruction in infected fields since they function as a vascular conduit and allow the clearing of the infectious process by conventional antibiotic therapy.
Performance analysis of optical packet switches with a hybrid buffering architecture [Invited]

Feature Issue on Next-Generation WDM Network Design and Routing (WDMN). Optical fiber delay line (FDL) is currently the only technology available for implementing optical buffering. Feed-forward and feedback are two types of FDL structures in optical buffering, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. We present what we believe to be a novel architecture for WDM optical packet switches with an effective hybrid FDL buffering configuration that combines the merits of both feed-forward and feedback schemes. The core of the switch architecture is a number of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) and tunable wavelength converters (TWC). It requires smaller optical device sizes and fewer wavelengths and experiences less noise than feedback architecture. At the same time, it supports preemptive priority routing such as feedback architecture. Empirical results show that the proposed new switch architecture significantly reduces packet-loss probability.
Three new residual error models for population PK/PD analyses

Residual error models, traditionally used in population pharmacokinetic analyses, have been developed as if all sources of error have properties similar to those of assay error. Since assay error often is only a minor part of the difference between predicted and observed concentrations, other sources, with potentially other properties, should be considered. We have simulated three complex error structures. The first model acknowledges two separate sources of residual error, replication error plus pure residual (assay) error. Simulation results for this case suggest that ignoring these separate sources of error does not adversely affect parameter estimates. The second model allows serially correlated errors, as may occur with structural model misspecification. Ignoring this error structure leads to biased random-effect parameter estimates. A simple autocorrelation model, where the correlation between two errors is assumed to decrease exponentially with the time between them, provides more accurate estimates of the variability parameters in this case. The third model allows time-dependent error magnitude. This may be caused, for example, by inaccurate sample timing. A time-constant error model fit to time-varying error data can lead to bias in all population parameter estimates. A simple two-step time-dependent error model is sufficient to improve parameter estimates, even when the true time dependence is more complex. Using a real data set, we also illustrate the use of the different error models to facilitate the model building process, to provide information about error sources, and to provide more accurate parameter estimates.
Version 2 of RSXMULTI

MULTI is a general purpose, high speed, high energy physics interface to data acquisition and data investigation system that runs on PDP-11 and VAX architecture. This paper describes the latest version of MULTI, which runs under RSX-11M version 4.1 and supports a modular approach to the separate tasks that interface to it, allowing the same system to be used in single CPU test beam experiments as well as multiple interconnected CPU, large scale experiments. MULTI uses CAMAC (IEE-583) for control and monitoring of an experiment, and is written in FORTRAN-77 and assembler. The design of this version, which simplified the interface between tasks, and eliminated the need for a hard to maintain homegrown I/O system is also discussed.
Effects of Gender on Arbitrators' Decisions

The article discusses research pertaining to the effects of a grievant's gender on arbitration decisions in cases related to labor management relations. The study found that neither the arbitrators...
Total unimodularity and combinatorial theorems

Abstract It is shown how a wide variety of transversal theorems can be given a common proof. The proof depends on a certain matrix being totally unimodular, and it is shown that total unimodularity is needed for the theorem to hold.
Arlee line of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibits a low level of nonspecific cytotoxic cell activity

Abstract Nonspecific cytotoxic cell (NCC) activity was assessed in the peripheral blood of four isogenic lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) which were derived by the chromosome set manipulation technique of androgenesis. In these fish, whose isogenicity was previously confirmed by multilocus DNA fingerprint analysis, NCC activity was studied by the release of 51 Cr from YAC-1 targets. Two groups of trout (the homozygous Arlee 12 line and the heterozygous hybrid of the Arlee 63 and Arlee 12 lines) had significantly lower levels of NCC activity in peripheral blood than either outbred rainbow trout or other lines with Hot Creek or hybrid Arlee × Hot Creek ancestry. The low NCC activity in the Arlee line appears to be inherited as a recessive trait. Peripheral blood cells of the trout mediated lectin dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) with the addition of phytohemagglutirain to co-cultures of effector cells and YAC-1 cells. The low NCC activity in the peripheral blood of these fish is not due to a condition analogous to the NCC-deficient Chediak-Higashi syndrome of man or the beige mutation of mice.
Cleavage of tert-Butyl Groups from the Tri-tert-butylphosphine Ligand in Osmium−Platinum Carbonyl Cluster Complexes

Two products, Pt2Os3(CO)10(PBut3)(PBut2CMe2CH2)(µ-H) (1) and Pt2Os3(CO)9(PBut3)(µ-PBut2)(µ-H)(µ3-CCMe2) (2), were obtained from the reaction of Os3(CO)12 with Pt(PBut3)2 at 97 °C. Compound 2 is new and consists of a square-pyramidal cluster of five metal atoms with a bridging PBut2 ligand, a bridging hydrido ligand, and a triply bridging dimethylvinylidene ligand C═CMe2 formed by transformations of a tri-tert-butylphosphine ligand. Compound 1 was transformed into 2 at 125 °C, and compound 2 was transformed into two new compounds, PtOs3(CO)7(PBut3)(µ-PBut2)(µ4-CHCMeCH) (3) and Pt4Os3(CO)12(µ-PBut2)2 (4), at 174 °C. Compound 3 contains a bridging PBut2 ligand and a quadruply bridging CHCMeCH ligand in a butterfly cluster of four metal atoms. Compound 4 contains four platinum atoms and three osmium atoms. The metal atoms are arranged in the form of a doubly capped square pyramid with the four platinum atoms in the square base. Two triangles of the square pyramid are capped by Os(CO)3 groups. The molecule als...
The Impact of Mutual Coupling on MIMO Maximum-Ratio Combining

We consider the impact of transmitter correlation and mutual coupling on MIMO MRC systems. We present optimal transmission strategies for three input power metrics as well as formulas for the resulting outage probabilities. Numerical results suggest that, regardless of the power metric, most of the performance benefits of MIMO MRC can be obtained with transmit antennas spaced as close as 0.2 - 0.3 wavelengths.
Engineered idiotypes. Immunochemical analysis of antigenized antibodies expressing a conformationally constrained Arg-Gly-Asp motif

We report on the immunochemical characterization of two antibodies engineered to express RGD, a peptide from adhesive proteins of the extracellular matrix. One or three RGD motifs were introduced in the third complementarity-determining region (CDR) of a murine heavy (H) chain variable (V) region gene yielding two antibodies, γ1RGD and γ1(RGD)3. A murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against an RGD-containing synthetic peptide bound in Western blot the H chain of both γ1RGD and γ1(RGD)3. Pronectin F®, a genetically-engineered polymer containing RGD, abrogated this binding. Anti-idiotypic antibodies against the (RGD)3 loop were generated in a rabbit by immunization with γ1(RGD)3. Anti-idiotype antibodies purified by affinity-chromatography on the synthetic peptide GRGDSPC reacted in ELISA with γ1(RGD)3 and human fibronectin. Adhesive proteins, unlike RGD-containing synthetic peptides, were able to interfere with the interaction between γ1(RGD)3 and the anti-idiotypic antibodies. These results suggest that it is possible to genetically engineer the hypervariable loops of immunoglobulins and confer them new idiotypic characteristics. These results support the concept of antibody mimicry.