cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategies of Student-Oriented Idea in Music Profession Education

As a group full of individuality in colleges and university,music major students embody the generality of modern college students,and show individuality of themselves.It will be favorable to their growth and development to carry out education for music major students by respecting their individuality.The paper discusses student-oriented educational view,comprehensive construction of student-oriented education model and the implementation idea of higher music major teaching according to the need and individuality of students.
Fractal propagation method enables realistic optical microscopy simulations in biological tissues.

Current simulation methods for light transport in biological media have limited efficiency and realism when applied to three-dimensional microscopic light transport in biological tissues with refractive heterogeneities. We describe here a technique that combines a beam propagation method valid for modeling light transport in media with weak variations in refractive index, with a fractal model of refractive index turbulence. In contrast to standard simulation methods, this fractal propagation method (FPM) is able to accurately and efficiently simulate the diffraction effects of focused beams, as well as the microscopic heterogeneities present in tissue that result in scattering, refractive beam steering, and the aberration of beam foci. We validate the technique and the relationship between the FPM model parameters and conventional optical parameters used to describe tissues, and also demonstrate the method’s flexibility and robustness by examining the steering and distortion of Gaussian and Bessel beams in tissue with comparison to experimental data. We show that the FPM has utility for the accurate investigation and optimization of optical microscopy methods such as light-sheet, confocal, and nonlinear microscopy.
Walter Savage Landor (1775–1864)

The intersection of Walter Savage Landor’s interests with those of Wordsworth began promisingly enough. Robert Southey – a close friend, and one whose literary merits were given high praise by Landor on several occasions – passed on to Wordsworth several flattering messages from Landor. Wordsworth responded several times, again through the mediation of Southey’s good will. Landor paid a high tribute to Wordsworth in Idyllia Heroica Decem (1820), a collection of Latin poems. Longmans, Landor’s publisher, was reluctant to print and distribute the book because the firm foresaw limited sales, and Landor was forced to publish it in Pisa. Wordsworth, responding to the compliment, wrote back (3 September 1821) that ‘It could not but be grateful to me to be praised by a Poet who has written verses of which I would rather have been the Author than of any produced in our time. What I now write to you, I have frequently said to many.’ Wordsworth was alluding to ‘Gebir’ and ‘Count Julian’, which he could conjure up from his capacious memory; at the time he wrote his letter, however, his eye inflammation had prevented him from reading the Latin poems themselves.
Leading from the Back: The Role of the Uropod in Neutrophil Polarization and Migration

Cell motility is required for diverse biological processes including development, homing of immune cells, wound healing, and cancer cell invasion. Motile neutrophils exhibit a polarized morphology characterized by the formation of leading-edge pseudopods and a highly contractile cell rear known as the uropod. Although it is known that perturbing uropod formation impairs neutrophil migration, the role of the uropod in cell polarization and motility remains incompletely understood. Here we discuss cell intrinsic mechanisms that regulate neutrophil polarization and motility, with a focus on the uropod, and examine how relationships among regulatory mechanisms change when cells change their direction of migration.
On the Dynamics of Local to Global Campaigns for Curbing Gender-based Violence.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a human-generated crisis, existing in various forms, including offline, via physical and sexual violence, and now online via harassment and trolling. While studying social media campaigns for different domains such as public health, natural crises, etc. has received attention in the literature, such studies for GBV are still in nascent form. The dynamics of campaigns responding to curb this crisis could benefit from systematic investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine such public campaigns involving social media by organizations operating at the local, national and global levels, with an eye to answering the following research questions: (1) How do members of one campaign community engage with other campaign communities? (2) How do demographic variables such as gender effect campaign engagement in light of given regional crime statistics? (3) Is there any coordination among organizational users for campaigns with similar underlying social causes?
Predictive Progenitor Profiling in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a unique myeloproliferative disease characterized by marrow dysplasia and an increase in monocytes. The median survival of patients with CMML is short, in part, because CMML is frequently resistant to therapy. In order to provide more effective CMML targeted therapies, a better understanding of the basic biology of CMML progenitors is required. We used FACS analysis and recently identified cell surface markers to identify phenotypic and functional differences between normal and CMML (n=14) bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors. CMML marrow was typified by a reduction in CD34 + CD38 − CD90 + (Thy1)Lin − hematopoietic stem cells and an expansion of CD34 + CD38 − CD90 − Flk2 + Lin- cells relative to normal bone marrow. In addition, there was a two-fold expansion in common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and a corresponding decrease in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) suggesting that there was a skew in differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. In contrast to normal bone marrow derived CMPs, CMML CMPs gave rise to myeloid but not erythroid colonies. Moreover, real time quantitative RT-PCR analysis of highly purified FACS-sorted CMML CMPs demonstrated increased expression of two key regulators of myelomonocytic differentiation, PU.1 and c-jun, compared with normal bone marrow. A more detailed understanding of the basic biology of CMML myeloid progenitors and the genes that work in concert to expand them may aid in identifying novel molecular targets for CMML therapy.
Simplified low-dose-rate infant total body irradiation

Abstract Purpose Low-dose-rate total body irradiation (LDR TBI) in infants possesses unique challenges because of the setup limitations imposed by anesthesia. We present an LDR TBI method with an anteroposterior/posteroanterior arrangement and dose rate Materials and methods The delivery used a 6 MV TrueBeam linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with adjustable meterset rates below 100 MU/minute. A platform was constructed to support the patient 6 cm above the floor (~2 m from the source). A 40 × 40 cm 2 field at isocenter along with a 45° collimator rotation was used to achieve a maximum field width of approximately 113 cm at 2 m. The patient was positioned supine with head turned toward the patient's right side for the anteroposterior beam and prone with the head continuing to turn towards the patient's right side for the posteroanterior beam. A scattering plate with custom organ blocks was placed approximately 20 cm from the patient's skin surface. Output, depth-dose, surface-dose, block transmission, and off-axis measurements were taken using solid water slabs, ion chambers, and film. Results The TrueBeam provides several options for this treatment geometry to deliver LDR TBI at less than 10 cGy/min by lowering the linear accelerator meterset rate below 100 MU/minute. This allowed for a compromise between dose rate and treatment time to be selected by the radiation oncology team without the use of a beam attenuator, thus improving patient safety. Depth-dose and off-axis measurements confirmed a dose distribution within ±5% of the central-axis dose. A scattering plate distance of ~20 cm from the patient increases surface dose while allowing easy access to the patient during anesthesia. Conclusions The method described is useful to pediatric radiation oncologists seeking to deliver LDR TBI to an infant patient.
Universal Education in India: Opportunities, Policies and Challenges

In 2009, the Government of India enacted the Right to Education (RTE) Act under which all children between ages 6-14 must receive free education, regardless of social biases along religious, caste, and class lines. Based on the 2011 census, the country stands at a 74.04 percent literacy rate, close to 10 percent less of the world’s average literacy rate. However, according to the UNICEF, 80 million children in India drop out of schools before completing elementary education. In this paper, I will highlight the challenges to implementing universal education in India. I will begin with an historical overview of India’s educational system under British colonial rule and the structure of primary, secondary, vocational and higher education in the country since independence in 1947. I will next highlight the challenges that the public education sector faces to meet employment needs of a global market. Finally, I will highlight the challenges in implementing RTE in the country in the face of meager budget allocation for primary schools and the absence of a rigorous system of checks and balances to address the socioeconomic struggles of students in impoverished communities. Keywords: India, education, RTE Act, educational reform
Three-dimensional, free-standing polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite-based electrode for high-performance supercapacitors

Abstract Vertically aligned Carbon Nanotube (CNT) arrays are synthesized directly on CNT sheets used as substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in NH 3 plasma environment. The resulting 3-D nanostructured, N-doped CNT (NCNT) architecture combines high conductivity and superior mechanical properties of CNT sheets with porous structure and high electrochemical activity of CNT arrays. NCNT sheets are then used as scaffolds for polyaniline (PANI) deposited by electrodeposition. PANI coating thickness is optimized to create a core-shell morphology with PANI shell supported by CNT core. Freestanding and flexible PANI/NCNT electrodes are fabricated without using any metal supports/foil or binders with the CNT sheets serving as current collectors. PANI/NCNT electrodes with 56 wt% polymer content demonstrate a gravimetric capacitance of 359 F/g at a current density of 1.56 mA/cm 2 . The electrode also shows high rate capabilities and retains 82% of original capacitance after current density is increased 30-fold to 46.87 mA/cm 2 . PANI/NCNT electrodes are used to assemble a symmetric supercapacitor device with PVA/H 2 SO 4 hydrogel as separator and electrolyte. The flexible PANI/NCNT supercapacitor showed a specific capacitance of 128 F/g at 2.47 A/g current density and retained over 92% of initial capacitance after 10000 cycles of charge-discharge at 24.7 A/g current density.
Surgery After Primary Radiation Treatment for Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas: Case Series.

Background As radiation has become an increasingly popular primary treatment option for sporadic vestibular schwannomas, there is a minority of tumors that do not respond favorably to radiation. Data on repeat radiosurgery are emerging, and salvage surgery has been associated with increased technical difficulty and poor facial nerve outcomes. Objective To review the current literature and report our results with surgical resection of sporadic vestibular schwannomas that have failed primary radiation treatment. Methods This is a retrospective, single-surgeon case series of patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas who failed primary radiation treatment and underwent subsequent surgical resection. We analyze demographics, clinical information, and intraoperative findings, focusing on facial nerve functional outcomes and extent of resection. Results Between 2006 and 2015, 10 patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas whose only prior treatment was radiation underwent microsurgical resection. Eight of 10 patients had a postoperative House-Brackmann score of 1 at a median follow-up of 14 months, while 2 patients had House-Brackmann score of 4. Gross total resection was achieved in 7 of 10 cases. Near total resection was achieved in 2 cases, and only subtotal resection was achieved in 1 case. Conclusion Salvage surgery is a safe and effective option after failure of primary radiation and may offer benefits over repeat radiosurgery.
Daptomycin nonsusceptible vancomycin resistant Enterococcus bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies: risk factors and outcomes

Daptomycin is typically the treatment of choice for vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients with hematological malignancies, but increasingly daptomycin nonsusceptible VRE are being reported. We reviewed our experience with daptomycin nonsusceptible VRE BSI among patients with hematological malignancies. We compared risk factors and outcomes of 20 patients with daptomycin nonsusceptible VRE BSI (case patients) with 40 matched control patients with daptomycin susceptible VRE BSI. Case patients had more complications (6/20 vs. 2/40, p = .013); all-cause mortality was similar in both groups. By multivariable analysis, only prior daptomycin exposure within 90 days was significantly associated with daptomycin nonsusceptible VRE BSI (odds ratio 26.71; p < .0001). In 25% of case patients, all of whose VRE isolates had an initial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL, nonsusceptibility developed during treatment, raising the question of whether higher doses of daptomycin should be used for VRE BSI in hematology patients.
Differential expression of cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion proteins along the kidney nephron

Structural and functional differences among epithelial cells of kidney nephrons may be regulated by variations in cell-to-cell (cell-cell) and cell-to-substratum (cell-substratum) junctions. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that the cadherin-associated proteins alpha- and beta-catenin are localized to basolateral membranes of cells in all nephron segments, whereas plakoglobin, a protein associated with both classical and desmosomal cadherins, is localized to noninterdigitated lateral membranes in the distal half of the nephron where it colocalizes with desmoplakin and cytokeratin K8. Plakoglobin is also present in capillary endothelial cells where staining for the other catenins and desmosomal proteins is not observed. Immunofluorescence for laminin A and alpha 6-integrin, proteins that mediate cell-substratum contacts, reveal no correlations with the other staining patterns observed. These data indicate that plakoglobin and beta-catenin subserve distinct functions in cell-cell adhesion and suggest that E-cadherin-mediated contacts generate a basal level of cell-cell adhesion, whereas desmosomal junctions provide additional strength to cell-cell contacts in the distal nephron.
Confronting the Forces of Self-Deception

This chapter examines what in popular terms is described as the problem of “co-dependency.” The tendency toward “denial” not only occurs on the side of the individual struggling with addiction, but also on the side of the companion (whether spouse, family member, friend, or colleague) who seeks to extend help. We will discover that these deceptive practices form a web entangling addict and enablers alike, so as to both mask the problem as a problem, on the one hand, and, on the other, foster a climate of co-dependency.
Citizens and Suspects: Race, Gender, and the making of American Muslim citizenship

Working at the intersection of anthropological engagements with cultural citizenship and interdisciplinary scholarship on the racialization of Muslims in the United States, I examine the making and unmaking of American Muslims as both citizens and suspects. Based on my ethnographic research with young Chicago Muslims, I argue that state surveillance and multiculturalism shape U.S. Muslim claims to citizenship as rights and belonging. I chart racialization across different domains to argue that the fetish of Muslim body and behavior can actually render Muslim identity both legible and illegible. It is instances of legibility and illegibility, I argue, that illuminate how race and gender coproduce differential experiences of suspicion for American Muslims, and also different beliefs in the very possibility of, and thus desire for, citizenship. Ultimately, I contend that the experience of the American Muslim indexes the centrality of both race and gender to citizenship in the United States.
Human Brain Electrophysiology and Alcoholism

Chronic alcoholism is characteristically associated with a broad spectrum of brain disturbances ranging from the severe symptoms of the Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome1,2 to the more subtle, but nonetheless significant, cognitive disturbances characteristic of the majority of alcoholic patients. In some alcoholics the brain damage is so severe that it renders the soba00010300082individual ineffective as a meaningful member of society. Less clinically apparent forms of brain damage in alcoholics have been suspected for decades but ignored, because sensitive techniques required for their detection in vivo were unavailable. Significantly, brain dysfunction of a subclinical severity may impair the ability of affected individuals to either reduce their intake or abstain from alcohol. Moreover, by impairing social functioning, it may also account for such phenomena as “loss of control” over drinking when it occurs.
Determining Context-Defining Windows: Pitch Spelling using the Spiral Array

This paper presents algorithms for pitch spelling using the Spiral Array model. Accurate pitch spelling, assigning contextually consistent letter names to pitch numbers (for example, MIDI), is a critical component of music transcription and analysis systems. The local context is found to be more important than the global, but a combination of both achieves the best results.
The Ages of the Globular Clusters

The recent results for the relation between M V and [Fe/H] for RR Lyrae variables and horizontal branch stars are reviewed: = 0.15[Fe/H] + 1.08. If [O/Fe] = 0.3, the oldest clusters’ ages approach 20 Gyrs, and the the most metal-poor clusters are older than the most metal-rich by several Gyrs. If [O/Fe] ∝ -0.4[Fe/H], the most metal-poor clusters have ages of about 14 Gyrs and the most metal-rich clusters are not much younger. In both cases, there are age spreads among the intermediate metallicity clusters of up to 6 Gyrs.
Breast milk, formula, the microbiome and overweight.

Jessica D. Forbes and colleagues found that infants who received formula early in life were more likely to be overweight at 1 year of age than those exclusively breastfed. Formula feeding was associated with altered intestinal microbiome characteristics at 3 months. These findings link early-life formula feeding and an altered microbiome with subsequent overweight.
Privilege without papers: Intersecting inequalities among 1.5-generation Brazilians in Massachusetts:

This paper explores the case of 1.5-generation Brazilians who migrated to Massachusetts in the 1980s and 1990s and grew up as unauthorized. Compared to unauthorized youth from other Latin American ...
Identification of nonlinear piezoelectric coefficients

An identification scheme that exploits the vibration response and generated voltage of an energy harvester is proposed to estimate parameters representing nonlinear piezoelectric coefficients. We develop the governing equations of a cantilever beam with tip mass and a piezoelectric layer using the generalized Hamilton's principle and by accounting for mechanical energy, virtual work, and electric enthalpy. We then use the method of multiple scales to determine the approximate solution of the response to a direct resonant excitation. We show that the nonlinear behavior captured by the method of multiple scales as approximate solution and amplitude and phase modulation equations can be used to estimate parameters of the nonlinear piezoelectric constitutive relations.An identification scheme that exploits the vibration response and generated voltage of an energy harvester is proposed to estimate parameters representing nonlinear piezoelectric coefficients. We develop the governing equations of a cantilever beam with tip mass and a piezoelectric layer using the generalized Hamilton's principle and by accounting for mechanical energy, virtual work, and electric enthalpy. We then use the method of multiple scales to determine the approximate solution of the response to a direct resonant excitation. We show that the nonlinear behavior captured by the method of multiple scales as approximate solution and amplitude and phase modulation equations can be used to estimate parameters of the nonlinear piezoelectric constitutive relations.
Identifying degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries with coating defects at the cathode

Abstract Understanding the effect of electrode manufacturing defects on lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance is key to reducing the scrap rate and cost during cell manufacturing. In this regard, it is necessary to quantify the impact of various defects that are generated during the electrode coating process. To this end, we have tested large-format 0.5 Ah LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/graphite pouch cells with defects intentionally introduced into the cathode coating. Different types of coating defects were tested including agglomerates, pinholes, and non-uniform coating. Electrodes with larger non-coated surface had greater capacity fade than baseline electrodes, while pinholes and agglomerates did not affect performance adversely. Post cycle analysis of electrodes showed that the anode facing the defective region in the cathode was clearly impacted by the defect. Further characterization using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction provided evidence for a proposed mechanism for material degradation related to the most detrimental type of coating defect.
Disseminated Gonococcal Infections in Patients Receiving Eculizumab: A Case Series

Background Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported notifiable condition in the United States. Infrequently, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody, inhibits terminal complement activation, which impairs the ability of the immune system to respond effectively to Neisseria infections. This series describes cases of N. gonorrhoeae infection among patients receiving eculizumab. Methods Pre- and postmarketing safety reports of N. gonorrhoeae infection in patients receiving eculizumab worldwide were obtained from US Food and Drug Administration safety databases and the medical literature, including reports from the start of pivotal clinical trials in 2004 through 31 December 2017. Included patients had at least 1 eculizumab dose within the 3 months prior to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Results Nine cases of N. gonorrhoeae infection were identified; 8 were classified as disseminated (89%). Of the disseminated cases, 8 patients required hospitalization, 7 had positive blood cultures, and 2 required vasopressor support. One patient required mechanical ventilation. Neisseria gonorrhoeae may have contributed to complications prior to death in 1 patient; however, the fatality was attributed to underlying disease per the reporter. Conclusions Patients receiving eculizumab may be at higher risk for DGI than the general population. Prescribers are encouraged to educate patients receiving eculizumab on their risk for serious gonococcal infections and perform screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STD treatment guidelines or in suspected cases. If antimicrobial prophylaxis is used during eculizumab therapy, prescribers should consider trends in gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility due to emerging resistance concerns.
Responding to public disclosure of corporate social irresponsibility in host countries: Information control and ownership control

We extend the internalization literature by theorizing on how public disclosure of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) can damage reputation-based firm-specific advantages of multinational companies (MNCs) and how foreign subsidiary governance can subsequently be used as strategic responses. Specifically, we distinguish between two foreign subsidiary governance mechanisms – information control and ownership control – that the prior literature has often assumed operate in parallel, and posit that they function in divergent directions in this context. Furthermore, we explain how two host-country characteristics – press freedom and regulatory quality – amplify the need for MNCs to utilize different governance mechanisms as responses to CSI disclosure.
Herniation of a lung bulla through a thoracostomy site

For 3 months, a 63-year-old man had experienced progressively worsening dyspnea. He denied fever, weight loss, and hemoptysis. Eight months earlier, he had had a right thoracotomy to drain a right empyema. Comorbidities included morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. However, he did not have any intrinsic lung disease.
Data, dispossession, and Facebook: techno-imperialism and toponymy in gentrifying San Francisco

This article situates the 2015 rebranding of Zuckerberg San Francisco General within San Francisco’s technopolitical landscape. After Facebook’s CEO Mark Zuckerberg donated to the hospital, thereby...
Larval and early juvenile development in the Lithodidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) reared under laboratory conditions: 2. Subfamily Hapalogastrinae: Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew, 1892 with notes on comparative development within the subfamilies of the Lithodidae

Summary Four zoeal, the megalopal and the first crab stage are described and illustrated for Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew (Hapalogastrinae). Morphological differences found in some of the developmental sequences between members of the two subfamilies of the Lithodidae are reviewed.
Student-Report Measures of School Climate: A Dimensional Review

School climate is a broad, multi-dimensional construct that represents the quality and character of school life. Although many student-reported measures of school climate are available, less is known about the specific dimensions assessed by various measures. Using three comprehensive models of school climate as a guide, a systematic literature review of school climate measurement tools was conducted with two main questions. First, which dimensions are identified and measured in published studies of student-reported school climate? Second, what overlap in studies of student-reported school climate measures exist with the model dimensions? Results from the review of 18 school climate measures largely supported five dimensions (safety, relationships, teaching and learning, institutional environment, and school improvement processes) with at least three dimensions present within all reviewed measures. The discussion elaborates on the dimensions and sub-dimensions assessed in these tools, implications for failing to measure the sub-dimension of respect for diversity, and a new sub-dimension titled academic orientation that emerged from overlap in measurement tools.
New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the New Zealand region, part 2

One new genus and ten new species of antipatharian corals are described from the New Zealand region. Differential diagnoses are given and comparisons are made to related nominal species. Described ...
Comparative pathway enrichment analysis in gastrointestinal cell lines Caco-2, HT-29, HEPG2, and colon fibroblasts using a custom expression panel for tight-junction and cytoskeletal regulatory genes

This brief report details results from a comparative analysis of Nanostring expression data between cell lines HEPG2, Caco-2, HT-29, and colon fibroblasts. Raw and normalized data are available publicly in the NCBI GEO/Bioproject databases. Results identify cell-line specific variations in gene expression relevant to intestinal epithelial function.
Metathetical Exchange between Metal-Metal Triple Bonds.

The reaction of the molybdenum-molybdenum triple-bonded dimer (CO)2CpMo≡MoCp(CO)2 (Cp = η5-C5H5) with the triple-bonded dimetallynes AriPr4MMAriPr4 or AriPr6MMAriPr6 (AriPr4 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-Pri2)2, AriPr6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-Pri3)2; M = Ge, Sn, or Pb) under mild conditions (≤80 °C, 1 bar) afforded AriPr4M≡MoCp(CO)2 or AriPr6M≡MoCp(CO)2 in moderate to excellent yields. The reactions represent the first isolable products from a metathesis of two metal-metal triple bonds. Analogous exchange reactions with the single-bonded (CO)3CpMo-MoCp(CO)3 gave ArM-MoCp(CO)3 (Ar = AriPr4 or AriPr6; M = Sn or Pb). The products were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn, or 207Pb), electronic, and IR spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography.
3 – Graphing and Linear Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter describes graphing and linear systems. It presents graph ordered pairs. As linear equations in two variables have solution sets made up of ordered pairs, the graphs of those solution sets are examined. To graph an ordered pair, one needs two real number lines—one associated with the first coordinate and one associated with the second coordinate. The rectangular coordinate system is built from two number lines oriented perpendicular to each other. The horizontal number line is exactly the same as real number line and is called the x-axis. The vertical number line is also the same as our real number line with the positive direction up and the negative direction down. It is called the y- axis. The point where the two axes intersect is called the origin. The axes divide the plane into four quadrants that are numbered I through IV in a counter clockwise direction.
Interface capturing simulations of bubble population effects in PWR subchannels

Abstract As the computational power of high-performance computing (HPC) facilities grows, so too does the feasibility of using first principle based simulation to study turbulent two-phase flows within complex pressurized water reactor (PWR) geometries. Direct numerical simulation (DNS), integrated with an interface capturing method, allows for the collection of high-fidelity numerical data using advanced analysis techniques. The presented research employs the massively parallel, finite-element based, unstructured mesh code, PHASTA, to simulate a set of two-phase bubbly flows through PWR subchannel geometries including auxiliary structures (spacer grids and mixing vanes). The main objective of the presented work is to analyze bubble dynamics and turbulence interactions at varying bubble concentrations to support the development of advanced two-phase flow closure models. Turbulent two-phase flows in PWR subchannels were simulated at hydraulic Reynolds numbers of 81,000 with bubble concentrations of 3%–15% by gas volume fraction (768–3928 resolved bubbles, respectively) and compared against a 1% void fraction case (262 bubbles) that had been previously simulated. The finite element mesh utilized for the study at higher bubble concentrations was composed of 1.55 billion elements, compared to the previous study which employed 1.11 billion elements, ensuring all turbulence scales and individual bubbles within the flow are fully resolved. For each case, the resolved initial bubble size was 0.65 mm in diameter (resolved with 25 grid points across the diameter). The simulations were analyzed to find flow features such as the mean velocity profile, bubble relative velocity and the effect of the bubbles on the turbulent conditions.
The Opioid Requiring Patient: Office Level Management

This chapter includes example office policies for the management of patients on chronic opioid therapy. A specific policy may be to have a standardized opioid treatment agreement for all patients on chronic opioid therapy. This may include some of the office policies regarding refills and monitoring for safety or aberrant behavior. Standardized treatment agreements have four basic components: risks and benefits of opioid therapy, patient specifics such as treatment goals, diagnosis, and treatment regimens, refill policies and conditions, and measures to ensure the safety of opioid treatment. Office policies regarding the treatment of patients on COT are broader. They may encompass policies on new patients, refill requirements, referrals and opioid tapering/discontinuation, work flow, and follow up visits. To make an office policy more thorough, it often involves adoption of various opioid treatment guidelines developed by government or health authorities.
Inhibition of MEK1/2 Forestalls the Onset of Acquired Resistance to Entrectinib in Multiple Models of NTRK1-Driven Cancer.

Summary NTRK1 gene fusions are actionable drivers of numerous human malignancies. Here, we show that expression of the TPR-NTRK1 fusion kinase in immortalized mouse pancreatic ductal epithelial (IMPE) (pancreas) or mouse lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells is sufficient to promote rapidly growing tumors in mice. Both tumor models are exquisitely sensitive to targeted inhibition with entrectinib, a tropomyosin-related kinase A (TRKA) inhibitor. Initial regression of NTRK1-driven tumors is driven by induced expression of BIM, such that BIM silencing leads to a diminished response to entrectinib in vivo. However, the emergence of drug-resistant disease limits the long-term durability of responses. Based on the reactivation of RAF>MEK>ERK signaling observed in entrectinib-treated tumors, we show that the combination of entrectinib plus the MEK1/2 inhibitor cobimetinib dramatically forestalls the onset of drug resistance in vivo. Collectively, these data provide a mechanistic rationale for rapid clinical deployment of combined inhibition of TRKA plus MEK1/2 in NTRK1-driven cancers.
Rumor Has It: Optimizing the Belief Propagation Algorithm for Parallel Processing

By modelling how the probability distributions of individuals’ states evolve as new information flows through a network, belief propagation has broad applicability ranging from image correction to virus propagation to even social networks. Yet, its scant implementations confine themselves largely to the realm of small Bayesian networks. Applications of the algorithm to graphs of large scale are thus unfortunately out of reach. To promote its broad acceptance, we enable belief propagation for both small and large scale graphs utilizing GPU processing. We therefore explore a host of optimizations including a new simple yet extensible input format enabling belief propagation to operate at massive scale, along with significant workload processing updates and meticulous memory management to enable our implementation to outperform prior works in terms of raw execution time and input size on a single machine. Utilizing a suite of parallelization technologies and techniques against a diverse set of graphs, we demonstrate that our implementations can efficiently process even massive networks, achieving up to nearly 121x speedups versus our control yet optimized single threaded implementations while supporting graphs of over ten million nodes in size in contrast to previous works’ support for thousands of nodes using CPU-based multi-core and host solutions. To assist in choosing the optimal implementation for a given graph, we provide a promising method utilizing a random forest classifier and graph metadata with a nearly 95% F1-score from our initial benchmarking and is portable to different GPU architectures to achieve over an F1-score of over 72% accuracy and a speedup of nearly 183x versus our control running in this new environment.
Real-Time Tool Health Monitoring and Defect Inspection during Epoxy Dispense Process

We demonstrate a new real-time inspection system developed to monitor tool health and detect defects during the epoxy dispense process. The system includes both hardware and software components. The hardware was designed to be low-cost and fit into a small footprint within the existing tools. Our software contains a tool setup/calibration utility and a user interface for recipe creation and real-time inspection. The software also provides extensive logging of key results including tabulated data, annotated images, and live inspection results on the user interface. The algorithm uses a mixture of advanced machine learning and computer vision algorithms to identify unwanted process variation. The new system has provided excellent results, an order of magnitude below the qualification targets, while ensuring the throughput time targets are not impacted.
A Novel Decentralized Adaptive Droop Control Technique for DC Microgrids Based on Integrated Load Condition Processing

A novel decentralized adaptive droop control method for DC Microgrids to enhance the current sharing performance and provide superior DC Bus voltage regulation is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm provides a two-fold contribution beyond the existing state of the art methods. First, it introduces a complete decentralized bus voltage control method based on local measurements without relying on any communication link. Second, it adaptively changes the droop coefficient value, unlike the conventional constant droop parameters, by considering the system loading condition based on maximum-minimum load data requiring no droop coefficient optimization, central controller or nonlinear droop equations. Simulation and experimental results are provided as a proof of concept of the proposed method.
The adverse health effects of punitive immigrant policies in the United States: A systematic review.

Background Immigrants in the United States (US) today are facing a dynamic policy landscape. The Trump administration has threatened or curtailed access to basic services for 10.5 million undocumented immigrants currently in the US. We sought to examine the historical effects that punitive laws have had on health outcomes in US immigrant communities. Methods In this systematic review, we searched the following databases from inception–May 2020 for original research articles with no language restrictions: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Library (Wiley), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Social Work Abstracts (Ovid). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019138817. Articles with cohort sizes >10 that directly evaluated the health-related effects of a punitive immigrant law or policy within the US were included. Findings 6,357 studies were screened for eligibility. Of these, 32 studies were selected for inclusion and qualitatively synthesized based upon four themes that appeared throughout our analysis: (1) impact on healthcare utilization, (2) impact on women’s and children’s health, (3) impact on mental health services, and (4) impact on public health. The impact of each law, policy, mandate, and directive since 1990 is briefly discussed, as are the limitations and risk of bias of each study. Interpretation Many punitive immigrant policies have decreased immigrant access to and utilization of basic healthcare services, while instilling fear, confusion, and anxiety in these communities. The federal government should preserve and expand access for undocumented individuals without threat of deportation to improve health outcomes for US citizens and noncitizens.
Urban bike and pedestrian activity impacts from wildfire smoke events in Seattle, WA

Abstract Introduction Climate change is leading to increasingly severe wildfires across the United States. Over the past several years, these events have led to extreme, persistent smoke events in several urban areas across the western U.S. However, the health impacts of smoke events on urban communities are not well understood. Impacts to physical activity, including active transportation, may be a useful proxy to understand physical and mental health effects of these events. We aimed to examine the impact of wildfire smoke events, determined by fine particulate matter concentrations and administrative reporting, on physical activity, measured by pedestrian and bicycle counts at eight city counters in Seattle, WA, USA. Methods We assessed for differences in daily average bicycle and pedestrian counts between pre-, during- and post-wildfire smoke periods for two wildfire smoke events in Seattle in the summers of 2017 and 2018. Results The 2018 wildfire smoke event significantly decreased daily average bicycle counts by 14.6–36.0% across the 8 counters, and 31.7%–45.2% across the two pedestrian counters. There were no significant changes in use during the 2017 event, with the exception of a significant decrease in counts at one pedestrian counter. Conclusions Urban physical activity and active transportation may be significantly impacted by future wildfire smoke events, with cascading public health consequences. Differences in impacts across the 2017 and 2018 events may be related to increased intensity of smoke, and/or to enhanced public health messaging by state and local agencies. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of wildfire smoke on physical activity in urban communities, and to assess and inform public health risk communication campaigns to change behavior during these events.
Systems with vanishing time-variant delay: Structural properties based on the Pantograph (Scale-Delay) equation.

Abstract This paper studies the scale-delay (SD) system as a paradigm for systems with vanishing time-variant delay. After a brief review of the scale-delay equation and its associated solution, we derive new identities for the zeros of the deformed exponential. A solution method for the higher order scale-delay equation is given in terms of these deformed exponentials. We then consider the inverse problem: “Given a function x, which differential equation does it solve?” but with a twist: We are interested in time-variant realizations of the solution, as described in a companion paper. This extends the well known solution for Bohl functions, where an LTI-ODE solves the problem. If the function belongs to a subclass of real-analytic functions with only single real zeros, a regular smooth second-order linear time-variant annihilator exists. Finally this is applied to obtain a second order time-variant approximation of the SD-equation.
Characteristics Associated With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Among Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

This cohort study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome among adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at a single US tertiary care medical center.
Interface-tailored forces fluffing protein fiber membranes for high-performance filtration

Abstract Conventional electrospinning, along with a fiber accumulation mode parallel to the collector, results in 2D compact structures with limited performance. Fluffing the fiber membranes can enhance their functional performance, e.g., filtration performance (high filtration efficiency but lower airflow resistance), by means of enlarging both the pores and surface area. In this study, without additional instrumental design or any post-treatment, we report a quasi-3D and highly fluffy protein fiber membrane with high filtration performance by applying interface-tailored forces. Via the design of a cooperative collector for generating dual interfacial forces and the manipulation of the surface charges and polarities of protein by different surfactants, a competition between the interfacial forces is achieved. It is found that only with the least polarity and the most charges from protein can a strong repulsion force be generated. The protein fibers, being in-situ repulsed, deposit along with quasi-3D directions, leading to extremely fluffy structures. Compared with a compact protein fiber membrane, the properly fluffed protein fiber membrane exhibits reduced airflow resistance by 11.5 Pa while a higher removal efficiency is acquired. This work deepens the understanding of the interfacial impact on fiber deposition and provides an enlightening strategy to fabricating 3D fiber membranes.
Photodegradation and self-healing in a Rhodamine 6G dye and \(\hbox {Y}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}\) nanoparticle-doped polyurethane random laser

One of the fundamental difficulties in implementing organic dyes in random lasers is irreversible photodegradation of the dye molecules, leading to loss of performance and the need to replace the dye. We report the observation of self-healing after photodegradation in a Rhodamine 6G dye and nanoparticle-doped polyurethane random laser. During irradiation, we observe two distinct temporal regions in which the random lasing emission first increases in intensity and redshifts, followed by further redshifting, spectral broadening, and decay in the emission intensity. After irradiation, the emission intensity is found to recover back to its peak value, while still being broadened and redshifted, which leads to the result of an enhancement of the spectrally integrated intensity. We also perform IR–VIS absorbance measurements and find that the results suggest that during irradiation, some of the dye molecules form dimers and trimers and that the polymer host is irreversibly damaged by photooxidation and Norrish type I photocleavage.
Right Heart Failure and Patient Selection for Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize patients with right heart failure undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery, focusing on right heart morphology and function. Methods From 1/2007 to 1/2014, 62 patients underwent isolated tricuspid valve surgery. Forty-five patients (73%) had undergone prior heart operations. Right heart morphology and function variables were measured de novo from stored echocardiographic images, and clinical and hemodynamic data were extracted from patient registries and records. Cluster analysis was performed and outcomes assessed. Results On average, the right ventricle was dilated (diastolic area 32 cm2), but its function was preserved (free-wall strain -17%±5.8%) and right heart failure manifestations moderate with 40 (65%) having congested neck veins, 35 (56%) lower limb edema, and 15 (24%) ascites. Average MELD-Na score was 11±4.4, but individual values varied widely. Tricuspid valve variables split patients into 2 equal clusters: those with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and those with structural TR. These groups had similar right ventricular function but the functional TR group had worse right ventricular morphology and more severe manifestations of right heart failure, including higher MELD-Na scores (12±44 vs. 9.1±3.9; P=.008). Both groups survived operation with low morbidity, but patients with functional TR had worse long-term survival, 48% versus 73% at 10 years after surgery. Conclusions The cluster analysis of patients with right heart failure undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery separated functional and structural tricuspid valve disease. Good early outcomes suggest expanding criteria for tricuspid valve surgery and earlier intervention for functional TR with right heart failure.
Operating Systems: Concepts and Design

Part 1 Fundamental concepts: input/output - principles and programming processes interprocess synchronization interprocess communication and synchronization memory management - contiguous allocation memory management - non-ontiguous allocation file system security. Part 2 Implementation: design of multitasking kernel/thread package (KMOS II) implementation of KMOS II. Part 3 Advanced topics: distributed systems concepts and algorithms distributed operating systems - implementation multiprocessor systems. Part 4 Case studies.