cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Action and edgework Risk taking and reflexivity in late modernity

Although the meaning and usefulness of Erving Goffman’s work are still being debated today, few would doubt the importance of his contributions to the sociological study of the self, emotions, deviance, and social interaction. Less well known to most contemporary sociologists is his effort to provide a sociological account of voluntary risk taking—participation in gambling, high-risk sports, dangerous occupations, certain forms of criminal behavior, and the like—activities he classified as ‘action’. While Goffman’s study of action anticipated the expansion of volitional risk taking in Western societies in recent decades, most contemporary research on this trend has been guided by a different concept—the notion of ‘edgework’. Contrasting the action and edgework approaches along three key parameters—fateful action versus corporeal edges, embodied semiotics versus embodied experience, and dramaturgical reflexivity versus hermeneutic reflexivity—reveals how the action and edgework concepts capture conflicting...
RELATIONSHIP OF IRON-MANGANESE TOXICITY DISORDER IN MARIGOLD TO MANGANESE AND MAGNESIUM NUTRITION

The iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) disorder in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is related to high Mn and low magnesium (Mg) in leaves. Three solution-culture experiments with marigold were conducted in a greenhouse. One investigated Mn and the disorder. Based on dry matter production, 4.5 mg Mn/L was the toxicity concentration and gave 880 mg Mn g−1 dry weight in new leaves and 1200 in old leaves. Manganese above 4.5 mg L−1 produced bronzed speckles on leaves. A second experiment investigated Mg and the disorder. Based on dry matter production, 10 mg Mg L−1 was the deficiency concentration and gave 1.5% Mg in the shoots. Symptoms of Mg deficiency did not resemble those of the disorder. A third experiment investigated Mn and Mg. Leaf chlorosis appeared at 2.5 mg Mn L−1 with the lowest supply of Mg. These experiments suggest that Mn supply is related to the disorder but increasing Mg does not alleviate the problem.
A comparison of two pamidronate dosing protocols on bone turnover in normal dogs and dogs with osteosarcoma

Introduction: Dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) excrete higher concentrations of urine cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) than normal dogs. NTx is a specific biochemical marker of osteoclastic activity. Pamidronate is a bone-modulating agent that exerts potent inhibitory effects on osteoclasts. The use of pamidronate is currently being evaluated for the management of osteolytic bone pain in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Despite pamidronate's increasing usage in veterinary oncology, optimal dosing has yet to be determined. Commonly utilized dosages range from 1–2 mg/kg, given intravenously (IV) as a 2-hour constant rate infusion every 28 days. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the biological activity of two pamidronate doses (1 mg/kg vs. 2 mg/kg) in the suppression of urine NTx excretion in normal dogs and dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Methods: Seventeen OSA dogs receiving single-agent pamidronate as palliative therapy were evaluated. Group 1A (n = 10) received a dose of 1 mg/kg and group 2A (n = 7) received a dose of 2 mg/kg IV. Urine NTx level were measured at day 0 and 28 using a commercial ELISA (Ostex International). Urine NTx level were also measured in 6 normal dogs: Group 1B (n = 3) received a dose of 1 mg/kg and group 2B (n = 3) received a dose of 2 mg/kg. In normal dogs, urine NTx levels were recorded weekly for six consecutive weeks. Results: In dogs with osteosarcoma, greater reductions in urine NTx excretion from baseline values were demonstrated at 2 mg/kg versus 1 mg/kg (57% and 23%, respectively). Likewise, in normal dogs, urine NTx excretion was suppressed to a greater extent with a dosage of 2 mg/kg versus 1 mg/kg (69% and 23%, respectively). Conclusion: Pamidronate possesses biologic activity in both normal dogs and in dogs with osteosarcoma, as assessed by reductions in urine NTx excretion. Based upon reductions in urine NTx excretion, a dosage of 2 mg/kg appears more effective than 1 mg/kg.
The current treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer

Contemporary management of recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers has continued to evolve and now offers women the hope of extended survival with an improved quality of life. Platinum continues to be the single most active agent in the treatment of ovarian cancer, but acquired resistance to platinum often emerges. Fortunately, a number of novel agents and treatment strategies have been developed to meet the goals of ameliorating symptoms while extending survival. Classically, patients have been treated based upon the interval from last platinum administration during front-line therapy until time of recurrence. This review focuses upon the current treatment strategies used for platinum-refractory, platinum-resistant, and platinumsensitive patients. The incorporation of targeted biologic agents is also discussed, along with the role of secondary cytoreduction. It is hoped that the results of future and ongoing clinical trials will offer further advances in the treatment of this devastating disease.
Ray tracing kinoform lens surfaces

An exact ray trace (Snell’s law of refraction) of discontinuous surfaces of kinoform lenses (surface relief lenses) is used to evaluate optical performance when used alone or when used in conjunction with conventional optical surfaces. A phase-based merit function that is generated by ray tracing is useful for the design and optimization of such systems including color correction. This ray trace approach can also explain and evaluate the dual focal length features of kinoform lens designs.
Some Properties of the Log-Likelihood Ratio☆

Abstract The detection of a deterministic signal in additive noise is considered. The log-likelihood ratio is studied for three cases: stationary white noise process, stationary Markov noise process, and noise process with independent increments. Procedures leading to realizable optimum detection schemes and related examples are given. An approximation to the log-likelihood ratio, which leads to the locally optimum detector, is also presented for the white noise case.
Fetal rat sympathetic neurons maintained in a serum-free medium retain induced cholinergic characteristics.

Abstract When maintained in some serum-containing media, fetal rat sympathetic neurons acquire substantial choline acetyltransferase activity and form cholinergic synapses in vitro. However, when they are maintained in a serum-free, defined culture medium, choline acetyltransferase activity is not detected and cholinergic synapses are not observed. In this study, we have examined the effects of various times of exposure to a medium inducing cholinergic function on the properties of neurons subsequently maintained in defined medium. We report that 2-day, but not 2-h, exposure to this inducing medium causes a long-lasting (> 6 weeks) increase (7–10-fold) in the activity of choline acetyltransferase and that, under these conditions, sympathetic neurons in vitro form cholinergic, electrical and mixed function cholinergic and electrical synapses. We conclude that a relatively brief exposure to media inducing cholinergic function can cause long-lasting changes in the functional properties of sympathetic neurons in vitro.
Kurtosis based maximization/minimization approach to blind equalization for DS/CDMA systems in unknown multipath

In this paper, we study blind equalization for a DS/CDMA system in multipath. The kurtosis of the equalizer's output is maximized with respect to the equalizer's parameters subject to multiple linear constraints. The constraints are dependent on the spreading codes of the user of interest. In order to optimally combine signals from multiple propagation paths, we parameterize the kurtosis by the constraint vector as well and further minimize the maxima of kurtosis to obtain the optimal constraints. It is shown that the constraint vector converges to the channel vector of the desired user irrespective of noise. The equalizer guarantees cancellation of both intersymbol interference and multiuser interference.
Management of chronic hepatitis in special populations

Over the last several years, much progress has been made in the treatment of adult patients with chronic viral hepatitis and compensated liver disease in the absence of significant other illnesses. However, the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in other patient populations is still experimental. These groups include children, patients immunocompromised by human immunodeficiency virus infection or immunosuppression following organ transplantation, those with end-stage renal disease, and patients with extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis viral infection. Data on the treatment of chronic hepatitis in these special populations are reviewed.
A Randomized Trial of a Nursing Intervention for HIV Disease Management Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness

Objective: The heightened risk of persons with serious mental illness to contract and transmit HIV is recognized as a public health problem. Persons with HIV and mental illness may be at risk for poor treatment adherence, development of treatment-resistant virus, and worse outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a communitybased advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention (PATH, Preventing AIDS Through Health) to promote adherence to HIV and psychiatric treatment regimens. Methods: Community-dwelling HIV-positive participants with co-occurring serious mental illnesses (N=238) were recruited from community HIV provider agencies from 2004 to 2008 to participate in the randomized controlled trial. Participants in the intervention group (N=128) were assigned an APN who provided community-based care management at a minimum of one visit per week and coordinated clients’ medical and mental health care for one year. Viral load and CD4 cell count were evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Results: Longitudinal models for continuous log viral load showed that compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in log viral load at 12 months (d=–.361 log 10 copies per milliliter, p<.001). Differences in CD4 counts from baseline to 12 months were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This project demonstrated the effectiveness of community-based APNs in delivering a tailored intervention to improve outcomes of individuals with HIV and co-occurring serious mental illnesses. Persons with these co-occurring conditions can be successfully treated; with appropriate supportive services, their viral loads can be reduced. (Psychiatric Services 62:1318–1324, 2011)
A study of the sources of acid precipitation in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Since 1980, the Acid Precipitation in Ontario Study (APIOS) Event Wet/Dry Deposition Network has collected a substantial precipitation chemical data base. Data from the three stations in Dorset, Kingston and London were selected for investigation of the sources of the constituents found in the collected precipitation. Factor analysis was applied to the chemical data sets. Three factors reproduce the concentrations observed in precipitation. These factors represent the acid gas sources (SO 2 and NO x sources), Ca and Mg sources, and Na and Cl sources (marine aerosol). The acid gas sources are responsible for the acidity of the precipitation. To locate these sources in terms of geographic region; air parcel back trajectories corresponding to the precipitation sample time periods are incorporated into factor analysis with the chemical data. This information is in the form of the geographic distribution of back trajectory endpoints. The region in which the trajectory endpoints fall is divided into subregions. New variables are defined as the number of the endpoints in each of the subregions. They reflect the residence time of the air parcels in the subregions. Factor analysis is applied to the combined chemical and endpoint variable data sets. The results show the relationship between the chemical nature of the sources and the geographic regions that the air parcels passed. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) is another approach to locate the sources. PSCF is a conditional probability function. It can be calculated for each 1° longitude by 1° latitude cell by dividing the number of trajectory endpoints that correspond to samples with factor scores or pollutant concentrations greater than specified values by the number of total endpoints in the cell. Source areas are indicated by high PSCF values. Both of the approaches suggest that the Ohio River Valley and some areas along the east coast are major source areas for the observed precipitation acidity in Ontario.
“This test makes no freaking sense”: Criticism, confusion, and frustration in timed writing

Abstract Large-scale writing programs can add value to the traditional timed writing assessment by using aspects of the essays to assess the effectiveness of institutional goals, programs, and curriculums. The “six learning goals” prompt in this study represents an attempt to provide an accurate writing assessment that moves beyond scores. This paper focuses on student challenges to the prompt and testing situation to reveal that many students successfully challenge the task as a deliberate strategy, while less savvy test-takers clearly resist in response to anger, confusion or frustration. While only a small minority of test-takers openly protest the prompt or testing situation, the paper suggests that all students could be better prepared to reflect upon their university experience in timed essays through more coaching and experience with reflective impromptu questions. This finding offers both encouragement and caution for writing programs seeking a single test that can generate both placement scores and valuable feedback.
Microbial degradation of chlorinated benzenes.

Chlorinated benzenes are important industrial intermediates and solvents. Their widespread use has resulted in broad distribution of these compounds in the environment. Chlorobenzenes (CBs) are subject to both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Under aerobic conditions, CBs with four or less chlorine groups are susceptible to oxidation by aerobic bacteria, including bacteria (Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, etc.) that grow on such compounds as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sound evidence for the mineralization of CBs has been provided based on stoichiometric release of chloride or mineralization of 14C-labeled CBs to 14CO2. The degradative attack of CBs by these strains is initiated with dioxygenases eventually yielding chlorocatechols as intermediates in a pathway leading to CO2 and chloride. Higher CBs are readily reductively dehalogenated to lower chlorinated benzenes in anaerobic environments. Halorespiring bacteria from the genus Dehalococcoides are implicated in this conversion. Lower chlorinated benzenes are less readily converted, and mono-chlorinated benzene is recalcitrant to biotransformation under anaerobic conditions.
Liquid-Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis of Metalloorganic and Inorganic Alumina Sources in the Production of Nanoalumina Powders

Liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LFFSP) of metalloorganic [N(CH2CH2O)3Al, alumatrane, and Al(Acac)3] and inorganic alumina [AlCl3 and Al(NO3)3·9H2O] precursors dissolved in 1:1 ethanol/THF, aerosolized with O2 and ignited can produce quite different alumina nanopowders during the ensuing combustion process. The metalloorganics appear to volatilize and combust easily to give nano-alumina, with particle sizes 70 nm and surface areas of ≈12 m2/g. AlCl3 appears to volatilize easily but does not hydrolyze rapidly in the flame leading to mixtures of alumina and recovered AlCl3. The resulting nanopowders consist of a mixture of transition alumina phases, primarily δ*, that could only be successfully identified and quantified by Rietveld refinement. Because the δ phase is...
Instruments of cognition: use of citations and web links in online teaching materials

Use of citations and Web links embedded in online teaching materials was studied for an undergraduate course. The undergraduate students enrolled in Geographic Information Science for Geography and Regional Development used Web links more often than citations, but clearly did not see them as key to enhancing learning. Current conventions for citing and linking tend to make citations and links invisible. There is some evidence that citations and Web links categorized and highlighted in terms of their importance and function to be served may help student learning in interdisciplinary domains.
Depression: 20 years of progress.

Over the past 2 decades, the medical care field has seen a resurgence of research aimed at understanding and improving care for depression. A MEDLINE search of published articles in 1984 with the keyword "depression" in the title revealed only 701 articles. Almost 20 years later, 1,787 articles were published in 2003 for a total relative increase of 61%. Even more striking is the rapid increase in articles on depression specific to the practice of medical care, which rose from only 3 in 1984 to 72 last year (a total relative increase of 96%). Medical Care alone has published 79 articles containing the keyword "depression" in the title since 1997. Six of these articles are published in this issue.
Nanoimprint lithographic surface patterning of sol–gel fabricated nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4)

Textured nickel ferrite (NFO, NiFe2O4) thin films were deposited at room temperature by chemical solution deposition onto c-plane sapphire substrates. A nanoimprint lithography technique using a polydimethylsiloxane stamp was used to transfer a pattern from a master to the thin film, which was subsequently annealed to crystallize the NFO. Atomic force microscopy scans showed good periodicity and feature profile over a large area which was confirmed with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction revealed textured single-phase inverse spinel NFO. Magnetic measurements of patterned thin films showed a large reduction in coercivity due to demagnetization factors.
Will Skin Pathologists ever be Replaced by Noninvasive Diagnostic Tools (Computers)

Title: Will skin pathologists ever be replaced by noninvasive diagnostic tools (computers)? Intro: There are now many new non-invasive tools being developed to diagnose skin cancer, specifically melanocytic neoplasms. Whether these tools will ever be able to diagnose as well as a pathologist remains to be seen. In this paper, we will review most of the newly developed tools and discuss their specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. Method: We reviewed the literature on currently available noninvasive diagnostic tools to find the published sensitivity and specificity rates of these tools. Tools without published information on their diagnostic accuracy were not included. We tabulated the accuracy data on the remaining tools and evaluated their relative diagnostic accuracy. Results: Melafind was found to have a specificity of 68–85% and a sensitivity of 95%–100%. Siascope was found to have a specificity of 82.7% and a sensitivity of 80.1%. Solarscan was found to have a specificity of 83% and a sensitivity of 100%. Comments: Non-invasive tools may be helpful in managing melanocytic neoplasms in patients with numerous lesions or with lesions in a cosmetically important site i.e. face. At present these tools cannot replace the value of a biopsy, microscopically reviewed by a pathologist.
Characterization of androgen binding and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in prostate-like structures induced in the urothelium of testicular feminized (Tfm/Y) mice.

We have examined tissue recombinants composed of wild-type (rat or mouse) urogenital sinus mesenchyme plus adult testicular feminized (Tfm/y) bladder epithelium for the autoradiographic localization of androgen binding. In the presence of androgens, wild-type mesenchyme reprogrammed the androgen-insensitive bladder epithelium to undergo prostatic morphogenesis. Steroid autoradiography of [3 HI dihydrotestosterone or [3 HI methyltrienolone binding in these recombinants, however, showed that the higands were specifically bound only in the nuclei of stromal cells, indicating that the effects of androgens on prostatic morphogenesis are mediated by the mesenchyme. Furthermore, autoradiograms prepared from recombinants that were exposed to [3 HI thymidine showed that the generation of prostatic form required a specific, androgen-induced proliferation in the androgen-insensitive bladder epithelium. The significance of these data in relation to epithelial-stromal interactions occurring during prostate development is discussed.
The English Puritan Clergy's Acceptance of Political Parties, 1570-1700

Avant 1700, la majorite des ecrivains politiques religieux regrette vivement qu'aucune sorte d'activite politique ne s'apparente a un groupe organise. Cependant, au cours du XVII e siecle, les opinions favorables aux groupes politiques semeurs de discorde se font de plus en plus nombreuses. Parmi ceux qui defendirent l'existence des partis dans l'Etat se trouve le clerge anticonformiste puritain. Le present article vise a mettre en lumiere les modifications qui affecterent la rhetorique du clerge puritain relative aux partis des annees 1570 au debut du XVIII e siecle
Vestibular function test anomalies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is distinguished by the new onset of debilitating fatigue that lasts at least 6 months. concomitant with other symptoms to be described later. Many CFS patients complain of disequilibrium, yet the exact type of the balance dysfunction and its function and its location (peripheral vs. central) have not been described. Herein we report results of vestibular function testing performed on 11 CFS patients. These results revealed no predominant pattern of abnormalities. Patients typically performed below average in dynamic posturography testing, with a significant number of falls in the tests requiring subjects to depend heavily on the vestibular system. One patient had abnormal caloric testing, while 3 had abnormally low earth vertical axis rotation (EVA) gains at the higher frequencies tested. As a group, the average gain of EVA was significantly lower than normals in the 0.1 1.0 Hz range (p < 0.05). In earth horizontal axis rotation, the CFS group had a higher than normal bias ...
WOUND HEALING AND COLLAGEN FORMATION : V. Quantitative Electron Microscope Radioautographic Observations of Proline-H3 Utilization by Fibroblasts

The uptake, intracellular transport, and secretion of protein by guinea pig wound fibroblasts was studied by electron microscope radioautography using L-proline-3,4-H3 as a tracer. Experiments were performed to determine the curve of concentration of free amino acid in the blood after intraperitoneal administration of the labeled proline. Radioautographs were quantitatively analyzed and the concentration of isotope, in grains per unit area, was determined for the following cellular and extracellular compartments: ergastoplasm, Golgi complex, peripheral cytoplasmic structures, and collagen. The concentration of label, expressed as number of grains per unit area of each subcellular system, reveals the period during which each cellular compartment is maximally labeled, and presents a clearer picture of the passage of the label through each of these compartments. The data demonstrate appearance of the label at maximum concentration in the ergastoplasm 15 minutes after injection, and this compartment remains maximally labeled for 2 hours. In the Golgi complex, concentration is not maximal until 60 minutes after injection of isotope, and appears to decrease before or at about the same rate as that of the ergastoplasm. The present experiment is consistent with previous light microscope radioautographic studies, and no storage phase was found in the fibroblasts. The findings are not simply consistent with a direct precursor-product relationship between the contents of the ergastoplasm and those of the Golgi complex. Morphologic observations of regions in the fibroblast interpretable as possible sites of communication between the ergastoplasm and the extracellular space, together with the kinetic studies, permit the suggestion of an alternate pathway of passage of at least some of the synthesized protein directly from the ergastoplasmic cisternae to the cell exterior.
Integrating Service-Learning into an Introduction to Entrepreneurship Course:

Despite fairly widespread recognition that entrepreneurship occurs in both profit and nonprofit enterprises, a review of experiential learning techniques in entrepreneurship education does not explicitly mention service-learning. This omission may be because of a perceived lack of relevance of the pedagogy to entrepreneurship, the belief that inexperienced students are not interested in or capable of the work, and/or faculty concern about the approach’s time-consuming nature. Yet service-learning can be a powerful pedagogy for teaching the skills and body of knowledge pertaining to entrepreneurship. This article chronicles the author’s experience integrating service-learning into an introductory undergraduate entrepreneurship course and offers it as a model for others to adapt to their own preferences and teaching context. It includes the author’s rationale for using service-learning, an abridged course syllabus, sample student reflection assignments, a project grading rubric, and other course materials. ...
Everyday life with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis: independent effects of disease and gender on daily pain, mood, and coping

Abstract The effects of disease (form of arthritis) and gender on pain, mood, and pain coping strategies were examined in a prospective 30-day diary study of 71 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 76 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Diary instruments included joint pain ratings, POMS-B checklists for positive and negative mood, and the Daily Coping Inventory. Women's average daily pain was 72% greater than men's pain, and RA patients’ average daily pain was 42% greater than OA patients’ pain. Hierarchical Linear Models were estimated for (a) within-person associations between pain and next-day mood; coping and next-day pain; and coping and next-day mood; and (b) the independent effects of disease and gender on individual intercepts for pain, mood, and coping and on individual slopes for pain-coping-mood relations. Women, regardless of their disease, and RA patients, regardless of their gender, reported more daily pain. Women used more emotion-focused strategies each day than did men, regardless of their disease and even after controlling for their greater pain. Men were more likely than women to report an increase in negative mood the day after a more painful day. RA patients’ pain worsened, but OA patients’ pain improved, following a day with more emotion-focused coping. Implications for research and clinical practice are summarized.
Successful treatment of severe thrombocytopenia with the use of thrombopoeitin receptor agonist eltrombopag in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells often occurring in elderly patients. The combination of CMML with autoimmune manifestations, including immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, has been described before in a number of case reports. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the successful treatment of CMML-related thrombocytopenia with a thrombopoeitin receptor agonist, eltrombopag.
A grid‐doubling finite‐element technique for calculating dynamic three‐dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault

SUMMARY We present a new finite-element technique for calculating dynamic 3-D spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault, which can reduce the required computational resources by a factor of six or more, without loss of accuracy. The grid-doubling technique employs small cells in a thin layer surrounding the fault. The remainder of the modelling volume is filled with larger cells, typically two or four times as large as the small cells. In the resulting non-conforming mesh, an interpolation method is used to join the thin layer of smaller cells to the volume of larger cells. Grid-doubling is effective because spontaneous rupture calculations typically require higher spatial resolution on and near the fault than elsewhere in the model volume. The technique can be applied to non-planar faults by morphing, or smoothly distorting, the entire mesh to produce the desired 3-D fault geometry. Using our FaultMod finite-element software, we have tested grid-doubling with both slip-weakening and rate-and-state friction laws, by running the SCEC/USGS 3-D dynamic rupture benchmark problems. We have also applied it to a model of the Hayward fault, Northern California, which uses realistic fault geometry and rock properties. FaultMod implements fault slip using common nodes, which represent motion common to both sides of the fault, and differential nodes, which represent motion of one side of the fault relative to the other side. We describe how to modify the traction-at-split-nodes method to work with common and differential nodes, using an implicit time stepping algorithm.
Improved named entity translation and bilingual named entity extraction

Translation of named entities (NE), including proper names, temporal and numerical expressions, is very important in multilingual natural language processing, like crosslingual information retrieval and statistical machine translation. In this paper we present an integrated approach to extract a named entity translation dictionary from a bilingual corpus while at the same time improving the named entity annotation quality.Starting from a bilingual corpus where the named entities are extracted independently for each language, a statistical alignment model is used to align the named entities. An iterative process is applied to extract named entity pairs with higher alignment probability. This leads to a smaller but cleaner named entity translation dictionary and also to a significant improvement of the monolingual named entity annotation quality for both languages. Experimental result shows that the dictionary size is reduced by 51.8% and the annotation quality is improved from70.03 to 78.15 for Chinese and 73.38 to 81.46 in terms of F-score.
Variable Transposition of Eight Maize Activator (Ac) Elements Located on the Short Arm of Chromosome 1

Eight Activator (Ac) transposable elements mapped to the maize chromosome arm 1S were assessed for Ac transposition rates. For each of the Ac stocks, plants homozygous for the single Ac element and the Ds reporter r1-sc:m3 on chromosome 10 were crossed as females by a homozygous r1-sc:m3 tester color-converted W22 line. The resulting ears produced mostly coarsely spotted kernels and a low frequency of either near-colorless fine-spotted kernels or nonspotted kernels. The relative frequency of these two types of near-colorless kernels differed among the eight Ac stocks. The extent to which increased Ac dosage results in nonspotted kernels may be Ac-specific. Although all of the Ac elements are in near-isogenic inbred W22 lines, they varied to a large extent in their transposition frequency. These differences might possibly result from structural differences among the Ac elements. Because one pair of Ac elements derived from Ac33 on chromosome arm 5S differed about 13-fold in transposition frequency and a second pair of Ac elements derived from Ac12 on chromosome arm 1S differed about 3-fold in transposition frequency, this is not a likely explanation for all eight Ac elements. The data presented here support the notion that the differences in transposition frequency of the eight Ac elements may be a reflection of variability in Ac transcription or accessibility of the transposase to the Ac element, resulting from differences in the chromatin environments wherein the Ac elements are located. This is the first report of variability in transposition rates among different Ac donor lines.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: new insights into mechanisms of disease

Abstract Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a primary heart muscle disorder characterized by the early occurrence of arrhythmias often out of proportion to the extent of structural remodeling and contractile derangement. Approximately 40% of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy have one or more mutations in genes encoding proteins in desmosomes, intercellular adhesion junctions which, in cardiac myocytes, reside within intercalated disks. Some desmosomal proteins fulfill roles both as structural proteins in cell–cell adhesion junctions and as signaling molecules in pathways mediated by Wnt ligands. Evidence is increasing that mutations in desmosomal proteins can perturb the normal balance of critical proteins in junctions and the cytosol which, in turn, could alter gene expression by circumventing normal Wnt signaling pathways. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and presents evidence suggesting that the disease is caused by a combination of altered cellular biomechanical behavior and altered signaling.
The cleavage specificity of RNase III

We determined sites in lambda cII mRNA that are cleaved by RNase III in the presence of lambda OOP antisense RNA, using a series of OOP RNAs with different internal deletions. In OOP RNA-cII mRNA structures containing a potential region of continuous double-stranded RNA bounded by a non-complementary unpaired region, RNase III cleaved the cII mRNA at one or more preferred sites located 10 to 14 bases from the 3'-end of the region of continuous complementarity. Cleavage patterns were almost identical when the presumptive structure was the same continuously double-stranded region followed by a single-stranded bulge and a second short region of base pairing. The sequences of the new cleavage sites show generally good agreement with a consensus sequence derived from thirty-five previously determined cleavage sequences. In contrast, four 'non-sites' at which cleavage is never observed show poor agreement with this consensus sequence. We conclude that RNase III specificity is determined both by the distance from the end of continuous pairing and by nucleotide sequence features within the region of pairing.
Dynamic workspace analysis and motion planning for a micro biped walking robot

The dynamic workspace and the motion plans for a micro biped walking robot are studied in the paper. The dynamic model and controller of an under-actuated walking robot system are developed. Two optimal navigation algorithms for the motion of the robot in the same plane without obstacles are developed, and optimality is proved. The motion of the robot is divided into normal motion status and transition status. The complete scheme to perform the two status and this real time implementation are presented. The dynamic simulation results and 2D-rendering of the robot navigation is given.
Apple Juice Flavor Compound Sorption by Sealant Films

Heat sealant films investigated were: a commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) and two developmental films, an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer of high ethylene content and a co-polyester. Four flavor compounds, (ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal and 1-hexanol), were selected as representative of apple juice flavor components. Sorption was determined by a dynamic headspace technique, following direct contact between the polymer film samples and juice. Concentration of flavor compounds in the juice following contact with the film samples was determined as a function of time. Sorption of the components from juice was significant for LDPE, but not for the developmental films. Thus, either of the two developmental films would reduce loss of apple juice volatiles due to sorption.
Empowerment and Programs Designed to Address Domestic Violence

Programs designed to address domestic violence often name empowerment of women as a major program goal. However, programs do not necessarily define what empowerment for survivors of domestic violence entails. This review examines the literature on empowerment, including characteristics of an empowerment process and critiques of empowerment. Diversity of goals for empowerment and differences in access to resources for women experiencing domestic violence are explored as two major factors that should inform program development. Recommendations are offered for developing programs to address domestic violence that support women engaged in an empowerment process.
Study Abroad Reentry: Behavior, Affect, and Cultural Distance.

Reentry has become a more focused aspect of study abroad in recent years as the field has moved away from a laissez-faire approach and toward an emphasis on intervention and support of study abroad students in their efforts to make sense of their experiences (Vande Berg, Paige & Lou, 2012). Although not a new concept (Brathurst & La Brack, 2012), reentry in its more recent incarnation can be seen as an opportunity for students to ratify and reconstrue their encounters with a foreign culture in a way that enhances a sense of self in an intercultural world (Selby, 2008). Despite its history and current popularity, many concepts and ideas about reentry rely on anecdotal, non-research based theorizing. The current study attempts to quantify two important aspects of reentry (behavioral readaptation and emotional response) in the context of measured factors that might impact the intensity of reentry challenges.
Abstract 3629: Validation of the Prognostic Value of Quantitative Brain Diffusion-Weighted Imaging after Cardiac Arrest in a Multi-Center Study. Preliminary results

Background: Brain diffusion-weighted imaging MRI (DWI) holds promise as a prognostic tool in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients. In a preliminary study we found that more than 10% of whole brain volume with an ADC value of -6 mm 2 /sec between 49-108 hours after the arrest identified poor outcome patients (death or vegetative state at 30 days) with 100% specificity and 81% sensitivity. We aimed to validate this threshold in an external dataset. Methods: This is an ongoing multicenter observational study of DWI MRIs of comatose post-cardiac arrest patients obtained between 1 and 5 days (i.e. 25-120 hours) after the arrest. Patient data are systematically recorded on a web-based data entry form and include baseline characteristics, serial neurological examinations, neurophysiological testing, and date and cause of death if applicable. Poor outcome is defined as in hospital death. Assuming a 40% survival rate, and 100% specificity of DWI for poor outcome, 250 patients are needed to achieve a 0% false positive rate for poor outcome with a 95% confidence interval of 0-5%. MRI scans were processed using MIPAV (Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization program). The brain was semi-automatically outlined on the b0 images using a levelset algorithm that analyzes the intensity and then produces the contours of the boundary. If necessary, contours were adjusted manually. The created brain masks were then applied to the corresponding ADC maps, and the ADC values of voxels within the brain were saved for further analysis. We used the ADC maps that we received from the participating centers. If only the b0 and b1000 images were available, we recreated the brain ADC maps using MIPAV. Results: Data from 48 patients from three centers (Northwestern, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Stanford) were included in this preliminary analysis: mean age was 57±16 years, 33% female, arrest time 23±23 minutes, 88% of patients were treated with hypothermia. The MRIs were obtained at 73±22 hours after the arrest. Twenty patients (42%) survived to hospital discharge. The median (IQR) percentage of brain volume with ADC -6 mm 2 /sec was 5% (3-6) in survivors and 30% (9-46) in non-survivors (P -6 mm 2 /sec > 10% was 100% (95%CI 80-100) specific and 68% (95%CI 48-83) sensitive for in hospital death with a positive predictive value of 100% (79-100), and a negative predictive value of 69% (49-84). The risk ratio (RR) of death if >10% of brain volume had an ADC -6 mm 2 /sec was 3.2 (95%CI 1.9-5.5). Conclusion: The preliminary results of this multicenter study demonstrate that early quantitative DWI MRI in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients holds great promise as a prognostic adjunct in these patients in the era of hypothermia. Centers who frequently obtain brain DWI MRI in comatose post-cardiac arrest patients are encouraged to participate.
Hormones and human sexual behavior

The role of sex hormones in the sexuality of men is now becoming clearer. Androgens are necessary for normal sexual appetite and for ejaculation. Erectile mechanisms, providing that appropriate erotic stimuli are available, are probably not androgen dependent. How much testosterone is required to obtain maximum sexual effect is not yet clear but it probably varies from individual to individual and may be well within the normal range in some men. Androgens may therefore be beneficial in treating loss of sexual appetite in men but are unlikely to improve erectile dysfunction unless it is secondary to loss of sexual appetite. In women the picture is much less clear. Apart from the estrogen dependence of the vaginal epithelium, important for the postmenopausal woman, female sexuality shows a very unpredictable relationship with reproductive hormones. Possible reasons for this variable picture are discussed, in particular a greater genetic variability and behavioral sensitivity to hormones in women than in men.
Effect of Purified Protein Fractions on Sedimentation Rate of Erythrocytes

SummaryPurified fibrinogen increased the erythrocyte sedimentation rate more effectively than the other protein fractions studied; 0.2 g% increased the sedimentation rate 300%. The fraction containing alpha and beta globulins was next most effective: 0.2 g c/o increased the sedimentation rate 100%. Gamma globulin proved least effective; 0.4 g% was required to increase the sedimentation rate 100%. Pure human albumin inhibited the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes, the inhibition being most pronounced in the presence of a markedly elevated sedimentation rate.The authors \Yisli to express their gmtitudee to Dr. Edwin J. Cohn for supplying the purified protein fractions used in this study, which were prepared under contract with the Office of Scientific Research and Developmcnt upon recommendation by the Committee on Medical Research.
Evolution and Future of Airport Passenger Terminals

The increase in air transportation has led to a substantial change in the function and design of airport terminals. From simple ticket counters and snack bars, terminals have grown to enormous complexes. The need to limit passenger-walking distances has led to the development of the satellite concept in combination with mobile lounges and moving sidewalks. Airport passenger terminal design in the United States has evolved with the growth of commercial air transportation. Simple aircraft and passenger procedures have given way to complex ones. The number and size of aircraft on the ramp have increased more than one hundred-fold since the 1920's. Even the passengers have changed from a few to hundreds of thousands with increasingly greater demands for comfort and convenience.
Influence of a progestogen on the histology and carbohydrate histochemistry of the bovine cervical mucosa.

Summary T HE cervical mucosa of 20 heifers was examined with carbohydrate histochemistry and histology. Ten heifers received melengestrol acetate (MGA) at a rate of 0.5 mg per head per day for 14 days starting at day 4 of the estrous cycle. Ten control heifers received no MGA. All animals were slaughtered at 3 days postestrus. Micrometer measurements were made on the height of epithelial cells and stored mucin. Histology and histochemistry indicated that the bovine cervical mucosa is composed of 2 distinct epithelial cell types: (i) non-ciliated columnar; and (2) ciliated columnar cells. The non-ciliated columnar cells were more numerous and contained a large amount of stored mucin in the supranuclear region. The stored mucin and mucin secreted into the lumen appeared to be composed of both sulfated and carboxylic acidic mucosubstances as indicated by carbohydrate histochemistry. Treatment of beef heifers with 0.5 mg MGA for 14 days starting at day 4 of the estrous cycle had no effect on the types of mucosubstances present in the epithelial cells. Cervical epithelial cells from MGA-treated animals were greater in height and contained more mucus than control animals. The increase in the size o.f the epithelial cells and the amount of stored mucin after MGA treatment probably indicates a prolonged progestational effect on the cervical mucosa.
Evaluation of a tissue-mimicking thermochromic phantom for radiofrequency ablation.

Purpose: This work describes the characterization and evaluation of a tissue-mimicking thermochromic phantom (TMTCP) for direct visualization and quantitative determination of temperatures during radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: TMTCP material was prepared using polyacrylamide gel and thermochromic ink that permanently changes color from white to magenta when heated. Color vs temperature calibration was generated in matlab by extracting RGB color values from digital photographs of phantom standards heated in a water bath at 25–75 °C. RGB and temperature values were plotted prior to curve fitting in mathematica using logistic functions of form f(t) = a + b/(1 + e(c(t−d))), where a, b, c, and d are coefficients and t denotes temperature. To quantify temperatures based on TMTCP color, phantom samples were heated to temperatures blinded to the investigators, and two methods were evaluated: (1) visual comparison of sample color to the calibration series and (2) in silico analysis using the inverse of the logistic functions to convert sample photograph RGB values to absolute temperatures. For evaluation of TMTCP performance with RFA, temperatures in phantom samples and in a bovine liver were measured radially from an RF electrode during heating using fiber-optic temperature probes. Heating and cooling rates as well as the area under the temperature vs time curves were compared. Finally, temperature isotherms were generated computationally based on color change in bisected phantoms following RFA and compared to temperature probe measurements. Results: TMTCP heating resulted in incremental, permanent color changes between 40 and 64 °C. Visual and computational temperature estimation methods were accurate to within 1.4 and 1.9 °C between 48 and 67 °C, respectively. Temperature estimates were most accurate between 52 and 62 °C, resulting in differences from actual temperatures of 0.6 and 1.6 °C for visual and computational methods, respectively. Temperature measurements during RFA using fiber-optic probes matched closely with maximum temperatures predicted by color changes in the TMTCP. Heating rate and cooling rate, as well as the area under the temperature vs time curve were similar for TMTCP and ex vivo liver. Conclusions: The TMTCP formulated for use with RFA can be used to provide quantitative temperature information in mild hyperthermic (40–45 °C), subablative (45–50 °C), and ablative (>50 °C) temperature ranges. Accurate visual or computational estimates of absolute temperatures and ablation zone geometry can be made with high spatial resolution based on TMTCP color. As such, the TMTCP can be used to assess RFA heating characteristics in a controlled, predictable environment.