cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life and Work Values of Counselor Trainees: A National Survey

This national web-based study used the Schwartz Value Survey (Schwartz, 1994) and Super’s Work Values Inventory–Revised (Zytowski, n.d.) to identify general life and work value orientations of 674 female and male entry-level counselor trainees residing in 27 states. In general, trainees emphasized benevolence, self-direction, and achievement and the work values lifestyle, supervision, and achievement. Significant multivariate and univariate differences for age, gender, and program of study were found on both value domains. The sample of practicing counselors scored significantly higher on several values than did trainees. Implications for how students construe values to develop toward their professional role of counselor are considered. Counselor educators generally agree that counselor trainees become aware of their values and recognize the effect of their value systems on the therapeutic relationship. Although scholars have explicated the typical motivations and needs of helping professionals (e.g., Corey & Corey, 2003; Henriksen & Trusty, 2005), value orientations of entrylevel counselor trainees have rarely been discussed for how they can help trainees prepare for the role of counselor. Consequently, empirical studies of the value orientations of counselor trainees remain sparse in the counselor education literature. Awareness of one’s value orientations becomes salient as students question their self-concepts and the personal characteristics needed for the work of counseling (Ronnestad & Skovholt, 2003). A profile of counselor trainees’ value preferences, therefore, may expand discourse on the function of values as a viable component of counselor preparation. We begin with a description of values in general followed by life and work values in particular. A review of the literature regarding the role of values during counselor preparation is followed by an empirical investigation of the general life and work value orientations of counselor trainees. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of value orientations in the development of master’s-level counselor trainees.
Comparative effects of thermosensitive doxorubicin-containing liposomes and hyperthermia in human and murine tumours

Purpose: In previous reports, laboratory-made lysolecithin-containing thermosensitive liposome encapsulating doxorubicin (LTSL-DOX) showed potent anticancer effects in FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma. To further study the spectrum of LTSL-DOX activity, the efficacy of its commercial formulation was re-examined in FaDu and compared in HCT116, PC3, SKOV-3 and 4T07 cancer cell lines. Factors that may influence differences in HT-LTSL-DOX efficacy were also examined.Methods: Anticancer effect was measured using standard growth delay methods. We measured doubling time and clonogenic survival after doxorubicin exposure in vitro, and interstitial pH and drug concentrations in vivo.Results: In all five tumour types, HT-LTSL-DOX increased median tumour growth time compared with untreated controls (p < 0.0006) and HT alone (p < 0.01), and compared with LTSL-DOX alone in FaDu, PC-3 and HCT-116 (p < 0.0006). HT-LTSL-DOX yielded significantly higher drug concentrations than LTSL-DOX (p < 0.0001). FaDu was most sensi...
Orientation classification by a winner-take-all network with oxide RRAM based synaptic devices

An emerging application for the oxide based resistive random access memory (RRAM) technology is to serve as the synaptic device for the hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing. The gradual resistance modulation capability in RRAM is proposed for emulating analog synapses, and the stochastic switching behavior in RRAM is proposed for emulating binary synapses. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of analog synapses and binary synapses in realizing the competitive learning algorithm, a simulation of winner-take-all network is performed based on the parameters extracted from the experiments. The simulation suggests that the orientation classification can be effectively realized using both analog synapses and binary synapses.
Inner retinal metabolic rate of oxygen by oxygen tension and blood flow imaging in rat.

The metabolic function of inner retinal cells relies on the availability of nutrients and oxygen that are supplied by the retinal circulation. Assessment of retinal tissue vitality and function requires knowledge of both the rate of oxygen delivery and consumption. The purpose of the current study is to report a novel technique for assessment of the inner retinal metabolic rate of oxygen (MO2) by combined measurements of retinal blood flow and vascular oxygen tension (PO2) in rat. The application of this technology has the potential to broaden knowledge of retinal oxygen dynamics and advance understanding of disease pathophysiology.
The computation of gravity at elevation on a large scale

This paper briefly describes the techniques and computer programs being used to compute gravity at points located at aircraft elevations. Methods of mean anomaly prediction, the upward continuation of the gravity anomalies, and finally, the method used for normal gravity computations are outlined.
Evidence for cerebral extracellular fluid [H+] as a stimulus during acclimatization to hypoxia

Ventilation and CSF and plasma acid-base composition were measured in 5 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs at 30 min intervals during 3 hr of hypoxia. The hypoxia initiated a large increase in ventilation measured after the first 30 min and a smaller secondary increase which was complete by the 2nd hr. After 3 hr, CSF [H4+]was not significantly different from its control value. However, the secondary increase in ventilation after the initial response could not be accounted for by changes in CSF [H+ since the changes in ventilation preceded CSF [H+ by 30 min. Between 30 and 60 min there was a statistically significant increase in ventilation (P <0.005) and a statistically significant decrease in CSF [H+](P<0. 03). The presence of a CSF to blood [HCO−3]gradient suggested a role for cerebral ECF acidity in the ventilatory response. We calculated ECF [H+ bathing a hypothetical ventilatory chemosensitive area assumed to be located 3/4 of the way along this [HCO−3]gradient, closer to blood. In contrast to CSF [H+], ECF [H+]increased between 30 and 60 min and could account for the secondary increase in ventilation after the initial response. These data suggest that a part of the early phase of ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia is initiated by these changes in brain ECF [H+].
Magnetic phase diagram of Cs3Cu2Cl7.2H2O

Abstract The magnetic phase boundaries of Cs3Cu2Cl7.2H2O, with Neel point 1.625°K, have been determined in external fields up to 56 kOe. The temperature dependence of the spin flop field is described by the equation Hc(kOe) = 5.50 + 0.27 sinh 1.19T.
The structure of the human tRNALys3 anticodon bound to the HIV genome is stabilized by modified nucleosides and adjacent mismatch base pairs.

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires base pairing of the reverse transcriptase primer, human tRNALys3, to the viral RNA. Although the major complementary base pairing occurs between the HIV primer binding sequence (PBS) and the tRNA's 3′-terminus, an important discriminatory, secondary contact occurs between the viral A-rich Loop I, 5′-adjacent to the PBS, and the modified, U-rich anticodon domain of tRNALys3. The importance of individual and combined anticodon modifications to the tRNA/HIV-1 Loop I RNA's interaction was determined. The thermal stabilities of variously modified tRNA anticodon region sequences bound to the Loop I of viral sub(sero)types G and B were analyzed and the structure of one duplex containing two modified nucleosides was determined using NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics. The modifications 2-thiouridine, s2U34, and pseudouridine, Ψ39, appreciably stabilized the interaction of the anticodon region with the viral subtype G and B RNAs. The structure of the duplex results in two coaxially stacked A-form RNA stems separated by two mismatched base pairs, U162•Ψ39 and G163•A38, that maintained a reasonable A-form helix diameter. The tRNA's s2U34 stabilized the interaction between the A-rich HIV Loop I sequence and the U-rich anticodon, whereas the tRNA's Ψ39 stabilized the adjacent mismatched pairs.
Damping of spin waves in a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet at low temperatures.

The Dyson-Maleev formalism is used to calculate the damping of spin waves in the two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet at asymptotically low temperatures and long wavelengths, both in the quantum and in the classical case. The calculations are done self-consistently. Various regimes are found for the decay rate depending on the relative size of the reduced temperature \ensuremath{\tau} and the dimensionless wave vector ka. In all cases, the decay rate is found to be much smaller than the frequency of the excitations, leading to well-defined spin waves, provided that k\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\gg}1, where the correlation length \ensuremath{\xi} is of order exp(const/\ensuremath{\tau}). At low but finite temperatures, we take into account fluctuation renormalizations which tend to increase the damping. The result of simulations on the classical lattice rotor model are presented and compared with the calculations. The agreement is qualitatively good. The simulations are also used to test the scaling form for the decay rate in the regime k\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\sim}1, which is outside the limit of validity of our direct spin-wave calculations.
Prolongation of cardiac cycle length attenuates negative dromotropic response to selective vagal stimuli.

We stimulated intracardiac parasympathetic nerve fibers that selectively innervated the atrioventricular (AV) nodal area (AV parasympathetic stimulation), and the sinoatrial (SA) nodal area (SA parasympathetic stimulation), in autonomically decentralized, anesthetized dogs. We then compared these responses to those elicited by stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves. We investigated the interactions between the dromotropic and chronotropic responses to simultaneous AV and SA parasympathetic stimulation. AV parasympathetic stimulation increased the AV interval (AV conduction time) but did not alter the interval between atrial depolarizations (sinus cycle length). SA parasympathetic stimulation increased the sinus cycle length and evoked small changes in the AV interval. Simultaneous AV and SA parasympathetic stimulation, at different combinations of frequencies, induced negative dromotropic and chronotropic responses that were similar to those evoked by cervical vagal stimulation. The greater the increase in sinus cycle length, the less did a given parasympathetic stimulation prolong the AV interval. The prolongation of the AV interval by parasympathetic stimulation did not affect the sinus cycle length. These results suggest that the direct pure negative dromotropic response to parasympathetic nerve stimulation is attenuated by the prolongation of the sinus cycle length, e.g. a concomitant negative chronotropic effect of the parasympathetic stimulation, in the dog heart. This attenuation reflects a mechanism that does not depend on the relative timing of the stimulus impulses in the cardiac cycle, i.e. a phase-independent, as well as the previously reported phase-dependent, mechanism.
Magnetization changes by superimposed stress pulses

The magnetization of a BiMn alloy with ferromagnetic inclusions changes at constant magnetic field, if the sample is subjected to ultrasonic pulses. The magnetization changes can be described on the basis of the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory of coherent rotation. It is possible to change the magnetization in selected volume elements by superimposing short pulses in those volume elements.
The Gilgamesh Complex: The Quest for Death Transcendence and the Killing of Animals

Because the fauna of the world possess a blood-driven vitality so comparable to that of people, they serve as an unwitting resource in the anthropocentric quest to ward off the ravages of death and decay, to create a cornucopia of human life amid the caprices of the cosmos. Fueled by the human fear of the grave, the “Gilgamesh complex” is the ensemble of beliefs and desires underlying a spectrum of zoocidal practices ranging from religious immolation to scientific experimentation. The name of the complex draws its textual inspiration from the Babylonian epic of the warrior-king Gilgamesh, who lays waste to beasts of forest and field in his quest for immortality. From a psychological perspective, the epic of Gilgamesh pierces the veil of submerged desires and muddled behaviors that most people in modern society are loath to recognize. The Gilgamesh complex is also among the most culturally and historically encompassing of psychological complexes, penetrating to the barest of human existential concerns—the preoccupation with death.
On food compression by soft machines

Etude des courbes de deformation et relaxation des fromages fondus obtenues a partir d'appareils non pas en metal rigide, mais en materiau souple. On obtient des indications complementaires par rapport aux appareils classiques de mesure de la texture
Identification of BfmR, a response regulator involved in biofilm development, as a target for a 2-Aminoimidazole-based antibiofilm agent

2-Aminoimidazoles (2AIs) have been documented to disrupt bacterial protection mechanisms, including biofilm formation and genetically encoded antibiotic resistance traits. Using Acinetobacter baumannii, we provide initial insight into the mechanism of action of a 2AI-based antibiofilm agent. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the 2AI is cell permeable, while pull-down assays identified BfmR, a response regulator that is the master controller of biofilm formation, as a target for this compound. Binding assays demonstrated specificity of the 2AI for response regulators, while computational docking provided models for 2AI–BfmR interactions. The 2AI compound studied here represents a unique small molecule scaffold that targets bacterial response regulators.
Intraoperative optical coherence tomography using an optimized reflective optical relay, real-time heads-up display, and semitransparent surgical instrumentation

Ophthalmic surgical maneuvers are currently limited by the ability of surgeons to visualize and manipulate semitransparent tissue layers as thin as tens of microns. We describe several iterative advances in iOCT technology, including a novel iOCT system, real-time heads-up display (HUD) feedback, visualization of intraoperative maneuvers, and OCT-compatible surgical instrumentation. Simulated surgical maneuvers were performed on freshly enucleated porcine eyes. Subretinal space cannulation with injection was performed and imaged using spatial compounding. The optical properties of semitransparent materials were quantified to identify OCT-compatible substrates, and surgical instrument prototypes were machined, including corneal, surgical picks, and retinal forceps.
Crystallographic Determination of the Active Site Iron and Its Ligands in Soybean Lipoxygenase L-1

Five ligands of the active site iron atom in soybean lipoxygenase L-1 have been identified from the electron density map of the crystallized enzyme. The position of the iron atom can be readily and independently located from an anomalous difference electron density map. The ligands identified are His-499, His-504, His-690, Asn-694, and Ile-839, the carboxy-terminal residue. Our previous view that these three histidines are essential for activity and binding of iron, based on site-specific mutation studies, is confirmed. A sixth protein ligand is not present, and the sixth coordination site opens into a wide cleft. The structure of the soybean lipoxygenase was solved by multiple anomalous isomorphous replacements.
Competition and the Medium of Exchange in Takeovers

The role of the medium of exchange in competition among bidders and its effect on returns to stockholders in corporate takeovers are investigated. Consistent with recent empirical evidence, our model shows that stockholders of both acquiring and target firms obtain higher returns when a takeover is financed with cash rather than equity, and that returns to target shareholders increase with competition. The model predicts that the fraction of synergy captured by the target decreases with the level of synergy. Finally, it is shown that, as competition increases, the cash component of the offer as well as the proportion of cash offered increases. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
On the Role of Schottky Disorder on the Stability and Structure of (100) Twist Grain Boundaries in NiO

Recent calculations on (100) coincidence-site lattice (CSL) twist boundaries in the NaCl structure have shown that without point defects these boundaries are only marginally stable. Following an earlier suggestion that point defects are the likely source for the considerable stability of these boundaries observed experimentally for MgO and NiO, Tasker and Duffy have shown recently that the creation of a Schottky pair can, indeed, stabilize a (100) twist boundary in NiO. In this article a variety of configurations in which one or more Schottky pairs have been created in the perfect CSL or anti-CSL unit cell are investigated. It is concluded that many metastable structures may exist which differ mainly with respect to their different interfacial mass densities and the relative translation of the two halves of the bicrystal. 13 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.
Surface Electrodes Are Not Sufficient To Detect Neurotonic Discharges: Observations In A Porcine Model And Clinical Review Of Deltoid Electromyographic Monitoring Using Multiple Electrodes

Objective In order to define the preferred electromyographic monitoring method during spine surgery, (1) a porcine model of neurotonic generation after lumbar root compression was developed and (2) intraoperative use of deltoid muscle intramuscular needle, subdermal needle, and surface electrodes was retrospectively reviewed.
The Role of Material Objects in the Design Process: A Comparison of Two Design Cultures and How They Contend with Automation:

This article compares two cultures of engineering design, one flexible and interactive, the other rigid and hierarchical. It examines the practices of design engineers who use a mixture of paper documents and computer graphics systems and contrasts these with the practices of workers reengineering their own work process and its technological support system, using predesigned software. Based on the idea from actor network theory that objects participate in the shaping of new technologies and the networks that build them, the study reveals that (1) design cultures are intrinsically tied to the way in which their representations are constructed because such representations—sketches, drawings, prototypes—are the heart of design work; (2) such design tools can engage or restrict participation in the design process; (3) politics in the form of management prerogatives can be built into a design tool, influencing the range of creativity allowed and innovation accomplished in a given sociotechnological setting.
Prenatal PCB exposure and neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) performance

Abstract We examined the relationship between prenatal (cord blood) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) performance in babies born to women who consumed contaminated Lake Ontario fish. Cord blood PCBs, DDE, HCB, Mirex, lead, and hair mercury levels were determined for 152 women who reported never consuming Lake Ontario fish and 141 women who reported consuming at least 40 PCB-equivalent lbs. of Lake Ontario fish over their lifetime. Earlier work demonstrated that the newborns of fish eaters are exposed to a more heavily chlorinated distribution of PCB congeners, and that highly chlorinated PCBs (hepta-, octa-, and nonachlorinated biphenyls) are most strongly correlated with breast milk levels, perhaps providing the best index of PCB exposure in the Oswego cohort. Given the above, one would predict that these PCBs would be related to impaired performance on those NBAS clusters associated with fish consumption; namely Habituation, Autonomic, and Reflex clusters of the NBAS. Excepting the Relex cluster, these predictions were confirmed. Results revealed significant linear relationships between the most heavily chlorinated PCBs and performance impairments on the Habituation and Autonomic clusters of the NBAS at 25–48 h after birth. Additionally, higher prenatal PCB exposure was associated with a nonspecific performance impairment on the NBAS as evidenced by a significantly greater proportion of NBAS scales in which poor performance was exhibited (more than 1 standard deviation below the mean) in the most highly exposed neonates. Moreover, PCBs of lighter chlorination were unrelated to NBAS performance, as were DDE, Mirex, HCB, lead, and mercury. These results corroborate our earlier findings linking Lake Ontario fish consumption to the most heavily chlorinated PCB congeners, and suggest that the chlorination and persistence of PCBs may be an important factor both for exposure assessment and for determining relationships with neurobehavioral functions.
U.V. induced covalent crosslinking of E.coli ribosomal RNA to specific proteins

Abstract E. coli 70S ribosomes uniformly labeled in vivo with 32PO4 were subjected to varying doses of u.v. radiation and then to the combined action of the RNases A and T1. Following these treatments the ribosomal proteins were separated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation from the noncovalently attached RNA degradation fragments. Subsequent two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of these proteins revealed that significant 32PO4 was associated with unique ribosomal proteins, L2 was among these.
Locating new passenger facilities on a transportation network

Abstract This paper examines the problem of locating additional passenger facilities on a transportation network to supplement ones that already exist. A distinction is made between “supporting” facilities which operate only in concert with already existing ones and “new” facilities which are self-sufficient and operate independently. It is shown that, when the objective is to maximize the utility of travel times to all users, at least one set of optimal locations for the new facilities exist on the nodes of the network if the utility function for travel times is convex. This result is proven under very general conditions including the assumption of a probabilistic transportation network, i.e. a network where travel times on network branches are random variables. A straightforward algorithm for solving a specific simple case is also provided and the results are illustrated by examples.
Measurable, nonleavable gambling problems

The optimal return function for a Borel measurable gambling problem with a bounded utility function was shown by Strauch (1967) to be universally measurable when the problem is leavable in the sense that the gambler may terminate play at any time. The same is shown here for the more general class of nonleavable problems.
Molecular cloning and characterization of crustacean type-one dopamine receptors: D1αPan and D1βPan

Dopamine (DA) differentially modulates identified neurons in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). While the electrophysiological actions of DA have been well characterized, little is known about the dopaminergic transduction cascades operating in this system. As a first step toward illuminating the molecular underpinnings of dopaminergic signal transduction in the crustacean STNS, we have cloned and characterized two type-one DA receptors (DARs) from the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus): D1αPan and D1βPan. We found that the structure and function of these arthropod DARs are well conserved across species. Using a heterologous expression system, we determined that DA, but not serotonin, octopamine, tyramine or histamine activates these receptors. When stably expressed in HEK cells, the D1αPan receptor couples with Gs, and DA elicits an increase in [cAMP]. The D1βPan receptor responds to DA with a net increase in [cAMP] that is mediated by Gs and Gz.
1050 SIGNIFICANCE OF CSF NEUTROPHILS IN SAMPLES PROCESSED BY CYTOCENTRIFUGATION

Cytocentrifugation has been demonstrated recently to allow improved assessment of cellular morphology in spinal fluid samples. With this technique neutrophils have been demonstrated frequently in CSF samples not apparently infected. Because neutrophils in CSF generally are considered indicative of inflammation we reviewed the charts of 88 previously healthy infants and children evaluated for meningitis whose CSF contained ≤ 10 WBC per mm3. None had received prior therapy with antibiotics. 36% of CSF samples contained neutrophils regardless of whether the total WBC's were ≤ 5 or 6-10 per mm3. Mean glucose and protein levels were 59 and 45 mg/dl respectively. All CSF bacterial cultures were sterile. Nineteen CSF samples submitted for viral cultures were negative. Peripheral blood cultures yielded bacterial pathogens in five cases. ECHO 11 was isolated from three patients. Seven of 88 patients had otitis media. The presence of neutrophils in CSF correlated significantly only with temperature > 102° and peripheral WBC count > 15,000 per mm3. Presence of bacteremia may reach significance with larger numbers. We conclude that CSF neutrophils are not necessarily indicative of CSF infection when the total CSF WBC count is ≤ 10 per mm3. Normal values are needed for differential counts in CSF processed by cytocentrifugation.
Plant Regeneration From Protoplasts of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)

Summary Protoplasts isolated from an embryogenic cell suspension culture of Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) divided and produced globular embryoids and embryogenic masses. The cell masses continued growth on agar medium and formed compact calli from which embryoids were differentiated that gave rise to plants with many green leaves.
Ultrastructure of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver.

A two-month-old female presented with hepatomegaly 5 cm below the right costal margin. Resection of a 6 cm hepatic mass demonstrated an infantile hemangioendothelioma (IHE). This study documents for the first time the ultrastructural features of an IHE of the liver. Ultrastructural examination showed large numbers of vascular channels of varying sizes lined by abnormal endothelial cells. An incomplete basal lamina separated the endothelial cells from the extracellular material and there were no associated pericytes. The intervascular area contained abundant collagen fibers, fibrils, and cells ultrastructurally similar to fibroblasts. The relationship of structure to certain clinical features of this lesion is discussed.
Loblolly pine growth and soil nutrient stocks eight years after forest slash incorporation

Incorporation of forest slash during stand establishment is proposed as a means of increasing soil carbon and nutrient stocks. If effective, the increased soil carbon and nutrient status may result in increased aboveground tree growth. Eight years after study installation, the impact of forest slash incorporation into the soil on soil carbon and nutrient stocks, foliar nutrients and loblolly pine growth are examined on mineral and organic sites on the North Carolina Lower Coastal Plain. Treatments include leaving forest slash on the surface and flat planting (control); V-shear and bedding (conventional), mulch forest slash followed by bedding (strip mulch) and mulch forest slash and till into the soil followed by bedding (strip mulch till). After eight years, mulching and/or tillage did not have a significant impact (p > 0.05) on soil bulk density or soil chemical properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, soil nutrients). Additionally, neither tree foliar nutrients nor stand volume were significantly impacted. However, significant effects were observed for soil phosphorus contents and stand volume between the control plots and the other treatment plots. For example, the mean stand volumes on the mineral site were 24.49 1.28,
Negative trans-acting factors extinguish Ia expression in B cell-L 929 somatic cell hybrids.

Abstract Numerous studies have implicated trans -acting factors in the regulation of MHC class II gene expression. Some of these factors have been shown to act by inducing the expression of class II genes while others have been demonstrated to downregulate such expression. These reports have dealt almost exclusively with the role of trans -acting factors in the regulation of class II gene expression in hematopoietic-derived cells. We decided to extend these studies to the role trans -acting factors play in nonhematopoietic-derived (NHD) cells. In order to address this question we made somatic cell hybrids between the NHD Ltk − cell line and normal B cells to determine if the existence of positive trans -acting factors from the B cell would lead to the expression of Ltk − class II genes in the resultant hybrid. Our results clearly indicate that not only was there no induction of Ltk − class II gene expression in the hybrids, but there was a loss of B cell class II gene expression as well. These results suggest that Ltk − cells possess negative trans -acting factors that appear to predominate over the positive trans -acting factors possessed by B cells. We have further extended these studies to test the MHC-inducing activity of IFN-γ and IL-4 on these hybrids. Our results indicate that the hybrids responded to IFN-γ with an increase in class I but not class II expression for both fusion partners. Furthermore, neither B cell nor L cell class II genes were induced by IL-4. Taken together, these results indicate that Ltk − cells possess negative trans -acting factors that not only maintain the Ia − phenotype of these cells, but also block the action of positive trans -acting factors from B cells.
Modeling energy and power requirements of electric vehicles

Abstract In this paper we present a model of electric vehicle performance that can be used to estimate energy and power requirements of vehicles in various driving environments. The model is developed from basic vehicle parameters and, when coupled with a simple model of battery performance, is used to examine effective ranges and per-mile traveled energy requirements of electric vehicles as compared with internal combustion powered vehicles under similar driving conditions. A number of classes of vehicles are discussed, each of which is identified by characteristic values of the model's vehicle and driving pattern parameters. A simplified driving cycle is adopted and range calculations are made on each of the vehicle classes using a simple model of battery performance for a typical lead-acid battery and for a theoretical high-performance battery. The relationships developed here not only provide a simple estimating model of vehicle performance, but also lay the groundwork for a more comprehensive simulation model, the development of which is currently in progress. The simplified model has a number of restrictions on modeling alternative driving patterns. These restrictions are discussed along with logical extensions to the model that address the restrictions. The preliminary results of the model indicate that electric vehicles, employing either current technology or high-performance batteries, may be energy efficient in urban environments. However, in inter-city applications, where internal combustion engines are most efficient, the comparative energy efficiency of electrics is minimal.
The effect of a hospitalist comanagement service on vascular surgery inpatients

Objective Vascular surgery patients have increased medical comorbidities that amplify the complexity of their care. We assessed the effect of a hospitalist comanagement service on inpatient vascular surgery outcomes. Methods We divided 1059 patients into two cohorts for comparison: 515 between January 2012 and December 2012, before the implementation of a hospitalist comanagement service, and 544 between January 2013 and October 2013, after the initiation of a hospitalist comanagement service. Nine vascular surgeons and 10 hospitalists participated in the hospitalist comanagement service. End points measured were in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rates, visual analog scale pain scores (0-10), inpatient adult safety assessments using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicators, and resident perceptions assessed by survey. Results The in-hospital mortality rate decreased from 1.75% to 0.37% after the implementation of the hospitalist comanagement service ( P = .016), with a decrease in the observed-to-expected ratio from 0.89 to 0.22. The risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality decreased from 1.56% to 0.0008% ( P = .003). Mean LOS was lower in the base period, at 5.1 days vs 5.5 days ( P P P = .6). The related 30-day readmission rate was also similar, at 11.5% compared with 11.4% ( P = .5). Patients reporting no pain during hospitalization increased from 72.8% before the hospitalist comanagement service to 77.8% after ( P = .04). Reports of moderate pain decreased from 14% to 9.6% ( P = .016). Mild and severe pain scores were similar between the two groups. Adult safety measured by AHRQ demonstrated a decrease from three to zero patients in the number of deaths among surgical patients with treatable complications ( P = .04). Most house staff reported that the comanagement program had a positive effect on patient care and education. Conclusions The hospitalist comanagement service has resulted in a significant decrease in in-hospital mortality rates, patient safety, as measured by AHRQ, and improved pain scores. Resident surveys demonstrated perceived improvement in patient care and education. Continued observation will be necessary to assess the long-term effect of the hospitalist comanagement service on quality metrics.
Qualitative dimensions of worry in DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder subjects and nonanxious controls.

Abstract Revisions to DSM-III cite apprehensive expectation or ‘worry’ as a defining feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The quality and focus of worry reported by groups of GAD patients (n = 19), and nonanxious ‘controls’ (n = 26) were examined using self-monitored data. Content categorizations by independent raters showed that GAD patients worried more about illness, health and injury issues and displayed a tendency to worry more about miscellaneous ‘minor’ issues. These descriptor ratings differentiated the worries of GAD patients from those of non-anxious controls: perceived control over worrying, the extent to which the worry was considered realistic, and perceived success with which worry was alleviated using corrective/preventative actions. The data are related to the DSM-III-R criteria for GAD and to conceptualizations of the nature of excessive worry.
Hemodynamic significance of the length of a coronary arterial narrowing

Abstract The hemodynamic significance of the length of a coronary arterial narrowing is unclear. Accordingly, the influence of the length of a given coronary narrowing on coronary hemodynamic responses was studied in 14 dogs. Recordings were made as short fixed diameter reductions were progressively lengthened to 5, 10 and 15 mm by the addition of plastic occluders. Resting coronary blood flow decreased and pressure gradients developed across short (snare) narrowings greater than 80 percent (critical stenosis). Short 40 to 60 percent narrowings had no significant resting hemodynamic influence, but increasing their length to 10 and 15 mm consistently resulted in significant pressure gradients and flow reductions. Reactive hyperemic coronary blood flow expressed as repayment of flow debt (after 10 seconds of coronary occlusion) decreased progressively as these narrowings were lengthened. The effect of 15 mm long narrowings on resting and reactive hyperemic flows was similar to that of short 90 percent narrowings. These data indicate that there is uncertainty about the significance of coronary diameter reductions previously considered hemodynamically unimportant. In our studies, significant changes in resting and reactive hyperemic coronary flows and resting pressure gradients occurred as the length of a given degree of narrowing was increased.
Risk Factors for Severity of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the perinatal risk factors for severity of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and to study the following neurodevelopmental outcomes depending on the degree of IVH severity. Methods : The retrospective study included 145 VLBWIs who were admitted at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital between May of 2009 and April of 2013. Prenatal, obstetric and postnatal risk factors for IVH were investigated. VLBWIs were divided into the group of IVH grade 1-2 and IVH grade 3-4. During this study period, 26 VLBWIs were died and 11 VLBWIs were lost to followed up, thereby 108 infants were included in the final analysis. They were regularly followed up and assessed for presence of major neurodevelopmental impairments including cognitive impairment, cerebral palsy, visual deficit, hearing deficit, and epilepsy. Among 108 infants, 23 (21.3%) patients had neurodevelopmental impairments. Results : The lower gestational age and birth weight were significant prenatal risk factors for severe IVH. Lower Apgar score at 1 and 5 min, hypotension/shock, higher levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, presence of patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax, thrombocytopenia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bronchopul monary dysplasia were significant postnatal risk factors for severe IVH. After multiple logistic regression analysis, gestational age, birth weight, and hypotension/shock were independent risk factors for severe IVH. The incidence of major neurodevelopmental impairments were also significantly higher in VLBWIs who survived after severe IVH. Conclusion : In addition to preterm birth, minimizing hypotension/shock, the risk factor of severe IVH, is important to prevent major neurodevelopmental impairments in VLBWIs.
Some Perspectives On the Phenomenon of Participation

This article explores the concept of participation from a number of perspectives and suggests some implications of these perspec tives for adult educators. The author suggests that in spite of the variety of definitions of participation, certain general properties of the concept can be delineated. These include the dimensions of individual-group, quantity, quality, and means-end. In reviewing selected research and theory on participation, special emphasis is given to two areas: 1. models of the motivational bases of participation, and 2. research which investigates the results of participation in decision-making. The author concludes by raising a number of questions about participation which have special significance for adult educators.
Integration of Secondary Mathematics and Science Methods Courses: A Model

The integration of mathematics and science teaching and learning is gaining interest in many elementary and secondary classrooms. National organizations such as SSMA, NCTM, and AAAS are giving strong support for integrating of mathematics and science in the curriculum. If mathematics and science are to be successfully integrated, it would seem reasonable that mathematics and science courses for teachers also be integrated. This article describes (a) reasons for integrating methods courses, (b) the evolution of an integrated methods course in a small university, (c) topics covered in the course together with descriptions of student assignments and activities, (d) procedures used in student evaluation, and (e) student opinions of the integrated course.
Biological Differences between Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana and New Jersey Serotype Glycoproteins: Identification of Amino Acid Residues Modulating pH-Dependent Infectivity

We previously generated recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV) based on the Indiana serotype genome which contained either the homologous glycoprotein gene from the Indiana serotype (VSIV-GI) or the heterologous glycoprotein gene from the New Jersey serotype (VSIV-GNJ). The virus expressing the GNJ gene was more pathogenic than the parental VSIV-GI virus in swine, a natural host (26). For the present study, we investigated the biological differences between the GI and GNJ proteins that may be related to the differences in pathogenesis between VSIV-GI and VSIV-GNJ. We show that the capacities of viruses with either the GNJ or GI glycoprotein to infect cultured cells differ depending on the pH. VSIV-GNJ could infect cells at acidic pHs, while the infectivity of VSIV-GI was severely reduced. VSIV-GNJ infection was also more sensitive to inhibition by ammonium chloride, indicating that the GNJ protein had a lower pH threshold for membrane fusion. We applied selective pressure to VSIV-GI by growing it at successively lower pH values and isolated variant viruses in which we identified amino acid changes that conferred low-pH-resistant infectivity. Repeated passage in cell culture at pH 6.8 resulted in the selection of a VSIV-GI variant (VSIV-6.8) that was similar to VSIV-GNJ regarding its pH- and ammonium chloride-dependent infectivity. Sequence analysis of VSIV-6.8 revealed that it had a single amino acid substitution in the amino-terminal region of the glycoprotein (F18L). This alteration was shown to be responsible for the observed phenotype by site-directed mutagenesis of a VSIV-GI full-length cDNA and analysis of the recovered engineered virus. A further adaptation of VSIV-6.8 to pHs 6.6 and 6.4 resulted in additional amino acid substitutions in areas of the glycoprotein that were not previously implicated in attachment or fusion.
The Archaeology of Childhood: Children, Gender, and Material Culture

The Archaeology of Childhood: Children, Gender, and Material Culture. Jane Eva Baxter. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2005. 142 pp.
Comparing the Effects of Auditory Deprivation and Sign Language within the Auditory and Visual Cortex

To investigate neural plasticity resulting from early auditory deprivation and use of American Sign Language, we measured responses to visual stimuli in deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing nonsigners using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined "compensatory hypertrophy" (changes in the responsivity/size of visual cortical areas) and "cross-modal plasticity" (changes in auditory cortex responses to visual stimuli). We measured the volume of early visual areas (V1, V2, V3, V4, and MT+). We also measured the amplitude of responses within these areas, and within the auditory cortex, to a peripheral visual motion stimulus that was attended or ignored. We found no major differences between deaf and hearing subjects in the size or responsivity of early visual areas. In contrast, within the auditory cortex, motion stimuli evoked significant responses in deaf subjects, but not in hearing subjects, in a region of the right auditory cortex corresponding to Brodmann's areas 41, 42, and 22. This hemispheric selectivity may be due to a predisposition for the right auditory cortex to process motion; earlier studies report a right hemisphere bias for auditory motion in hearing subjects. Visual responses within the auditory cortex of deaf subjects were stronger for attended than ignored stimuli, suggesting top-down processes. Hearing signers did not show visual responses in the auditory cortex, indicating that cross-modal plasticity can be attributed to auditory deprivation rather than sign language experience. The largest effects of auditory deprivation occurred within the auditory cortex rather than the visual cortex, suggesting that the absence of normal input is necessary for large-scale cortical reorganization to occur.
Visual servoed micropositioning for protein manipulation tasks

In this paper, we present a framework for cell manipulation tasks with visual servoing micromanipulation strategies. A vision based micropositioner is designed in order to address the requirement of high precision needed to perform manipulation of objects under 100 /spl mu/m in size. The system calibration (microscope-camera-micropositioner) and the model of the observed scene are not known. Experimental results for micropositioning tasks with respect to protein cells are presented and demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
A high-speed Radon transform and backprojection processor

An expandable multiprocessor hardware system for the computation of the Radon transform and backprojection equations is described. The system is constructed with commercially available digital signal processing (DSP) chips. This Radon transform processor is based upon a parallel-pipelined multiprocessor architecture. Performance characteristics of the hardware system are presented. >
General Slowing in Language Impairment: Methodological Considerations in Testing the Hypothesis

Although the general slowing hypothesis of language impairment (LI) is well established, the conventional method to test the hypothesis is controversial. This paper compares the usual method, ordinary least squares regression (OLS), with another method, hierarchical linear modeling with random coefficients (HLM). The analyses used available response time (RT) data from studies of perceptual-motor, cognitive, and language skills of LI and chronological-age-matched (CA) groups. The data set included RT measures from 25 studies investigating 20 different tasks (e.g., auditory detection, mental rotation, and word recognition tasks). OLS and HLM analyses of the RT data yielded very different results. OLS supported general slowing for the LI groups, and indicated that they were significantly slower than CA groups across studies by an overall estimate of 10%. HLM indicated a larger average extent of LI slowing (18%). However, the variability around this average was much greater than that yielded by OLS, and the ...
Statistical analysis of output processes

Discrete-event simulation output processes are seldom composed of independent and identically distributed random variables, but should be analyzed with statistical methods because they are stochastic. This tutorial presents the ideas underlying some of the methods that have been developed for statistical analysis of output processes. References to relevant work in the simulation literature and to standard textbooks on the subject are provided for those who are interested in deeper treatments of these methods than can be given in the space allotted here.
ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS FOR STRUCTURALLY SUPPORTING THE COLD MASS OF A SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR MAGNET

Experimental and analytical studies toward the goal of replacing the fiberglass reentrant support posts and their end restraint systems with lower cost injection molded posts are described. Thermoplastic resins with chopped fiberglass reinforcement having lower thermal conductivity were investigated. Experimentally obtained data from creep, shear, and tensile tests on actual injection molded posts of Ultem and Noryl are included. Discussion of flaws and quality control is included. These studies for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) are continuing at Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the SSC Laboratory.