cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gravity, Lorentz violation, and the standard model

The role of the gravitational sector in the Lorentz- and CPT-violating standard-model extension (SME) is studied. A framework is developed for addressing this topic in the context of Riemann-Cartan spacetimes, which include as limiting cases the usual Riemann and Minkowski geometries. The methodology is first illustrated in the context of the QED extension in a Riemann-Cartan background. The full SME in this background is then considered, and the leading-order terms in the SME action involving operators of mass dimension three and four are constructed. The incorporation of arbitrary Lorentz and CPT violation into general relativity and other theories of gravity based on Riemann-Cartan geometries is discussed. The dominant terms in the effective low-energy action for the gravitational sector are provided, thereby completing the formulation of the leading-order terms in the SME with gravity. Explicit Lorentz symmetry breaking is found to be incompatible with generic Riemann-Cartan geometries, but spontaneous Lorentz breaking evades this difficulty.
Crossbar demultiplexers for nanoelectronics based on n-hot codes

Demultiplexers are expected to be key components in interfacing submicrometer-scale and nano-scale electronic circuits. Designing them is challenging because most nanoarchitectures are limited to simple regular structures, such as crossbars, and nanoelectronic circuits in general are likely to be plagued with relatively high hard-defect and soft-error rates. Previous work has shown how linear codes can be used to design defect-tolerant demultiplexers using resistor or diode crossbars. We extend those results with nonlinear codes, constructing resistor and diode crossbar-based demultiplexers that have better electrical characteristics and defect tolerance for a given area of the nano substrate, at the cost of more complex address encoding circuitry.
Abstract 563: Activated Circulating Intermediate Monocytes are Associated with Subclinical Coronary Plaque in Apparently Healthy Middle-Aged Men

Background: The intermediate subset accounts for the smallest percentage of circulating monocytes yet has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including CAD outcomes. It is unknown if activated intermediate monocytes (IM) are associated with coronary plaque at an earlier stage in atherosclerosis, prior to clinical manifestations. Methods: We screened 11 healthy nondiabetic, non statin using, age-matched males for the presence and extent of coronary plaque using advanced dual-source CT angiography. Total coronary plaque (TCP) volumes (mm3) were quantified using a validated automated method and transformed to log(TCP+1). To examine monocyte subsets, whole blood was labeled to exclude non-monocytic cells. Surface CD14, CD16, TLR2, CX3CR1, and CD11b were used to confirm monocyte subsets by flow cytometry with HLA-DRhi as a marker of activation. Results: Mean age was 54±2 (range 49 to 57); 36% were African American, 27% were smokers, and 45% had hypertension. Mean LDL-C was 121±38. The absolute ...
60. The Impact of AEDs on Cardiac Survival in an Urban Out-of-Hospital Setting

Introduction: Prior studies have documented less than 3% survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) in D.C. EMS intubation has failed to improve extremely poor survival rates for out of hospital CA. This study will investigate whether the addition of automatic external defibrillator (AED) use will improve the negligible survival rate experienced in a system that transports 80,000 pts/yr; Thus replicating success with AED for CA in other centers.Methods: Retrospective review of all CA data from D.C. EMS system from 1-12/91 (no AED) vs. 1-12/93 (AED in use). Supporting data from run sheets and hospital records was compared for years with and without the AED using student's t test, chi-square with p <0.05.Results: In 1991 there were 414 out of hospital CAs arrests with an overall survival rate of 2.3% with a mean EMS arrival time of 10 minutes. There were no significant differences with respect to CA patients’ age, bystander CPR or BLS/ALS response times between two years (1991 and 1993) p = NS. In VF patients who comprised 26% and 24% of presenting rhythms for ’91 and ’93 respectively, the use of AEDs improved survival 3.8% vs. 29% with AEDs in ’93 (p <0.05). There was no difference in percentage of non-VF presenting rhythms or patient outcomes between the two groups.
Suspended clay reduces Daphnia feeding rate : behavioural mechanisms

SUMMARY. 1. Suspended sediments often reduce cladoceran abundance in the field, and reduce the algal feeding rates of cladocerans in the laboratory. This paper explores the behavioural mechanisms by which suspended clay reduces Daphnia feeding rates. Feeding experiments using radiolabelled Cryptomonas cells showed that 50–200 mg 1-−1 coarse suspended clay (particle size<2 μm) reduced the algal ingestion rate of Daphnia ambigua by 29–87%, but fine suspended clay (<1 μm) had no effect. Suspended clay decreased feeding rate by 60–70% at low algal concentrations (≤5×103 cells ml−1), but by only 27% at high algal concentrations (20×103 cells ml−1). Thus, the inhibitory effects of suspended clay are greater at low algal concentrations. The sudden addition (or removal) of suspended clay caused immediate reductions (or increases) in algal ingestion rate. 2. Observations of the feeding behaviour of tethered D.pulex showed that the frequency of postabdominal rejections increased greatly in the presence of suspended clay. The rejected boluses contained both algae and clay. Thoracic feeding appendage beat frequency decreased in the presence of suspended clay, decreasing the volume of water searched for food particles. 3. These behavioural responses indicate that clay reduces cladoceran feeding rate by mechanically interfering with both the collection and ingestion of algal cells. Both inhibitory effects are caused because cladocerans collect and ingest suspended clay particles. The behavioural mechanisms by which cladocerans regulate their feeding rate in very high concentrations of algal cells (rejection of excess food and reduction in thoracic limb pumping movements) are the same mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of algal ingestion rate in the presence of high concentrations of suspended clay particles.
Nitrogen washout during a fatty meal while breathing nitrogen-free gas at sea level.

INTRODUCTION: The reasons for wide variability in the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) are not well known, but diet may play a role. The hypothesis of the present study was that raising plasma triglycerides via a high-fat meal would increase the rate of nitrogen washout and, therefore, might be a useful adjunct when denitrogenation is used to reduce the likelihood of DCS in diving and exposure to altitude. METHODS: Nitrogen elimination was measured for 125 min in 10 subjects by gas chromatography while they breathed a normoxic argon-oxygen mixture at sea level. Measurements were performed on separate days after high-fat and control, low-fat meals. RESULTS: The high-fat meal increased blood triglycerides by 236 +/- 86% while there was no significant change after the control meal. Despite causing a significant increase in cardiac output (21.6 +/- 13.8%), there was no difference in nitrogen elimination after high-fat (817.4 +/- 233.1 ml) vs. control (828.3 +/- 180.5 ml). DISCUSSION: These data suggest that raising blood triglycerides via a high-fat meal does not affect the rate of whole-body nitrogen elimination. The lack of effect of the increase in cardiac output may be due to an increased blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract being negated by decreased blood flow in other vascular beds.
Further studies on metabolism of tissues from thyroxine-injected rats.

SummarySalivary gland and pancreas have been added to the list of tissues whose energy metabolism is controlled by the thyroid gland. In contrast, lymph nodes, thymus, ovaries, uterus, prostate and seminal vesicles have metabolic rates unaltered (within 10%) by thyroid status.
Life Tables of the Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Minnesota

From 1973–75, life tables of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer), were constructed for use in selecting appropriate life stages for release of biological control agents. Plots were established in white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, plantations near Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Sampling techniques utilizing the individual tree as the sampling unit are discussed. Six sections of the life tables are reported on as follows: (1) Overwintering predation by insects and small mammals killed 66.43% of sawfly cocoons in the soil. (2) 7 species of small mammals were present in the spruce plantation habitat and the predominant species changed from Microtus to Sorex and Blarina after sawfly larvae drop from the trees. (3) Field observations of insect, spider, and bird predators are presented. (4) Parasitism of the late instars ranged from 1.49–19.64%. No egg parasites were collected. (5) Life tables for the 1975 generation are given with a discussion of the different survival rates according to level in the tree. (6) Results show that the egg and early larval stages are the most appropriate points in the life cycle for release of biological control agents.
Smend's Theory of Integration

1. Churchman, C. W., and R. L. Ackoff. "An Experimental Definition of Personality." Phil. of Sci., 14 (1947), 304-332. 2. . Psycizologistics. Phila.: Univ. of Penna. Faculty Res. Comm., 1946. 3. Frank, L. K., et. al. "Teleological Mechanisms." Annals N. Y. Acad. of Sci., 50 (1948). 4. Hull, C. L. Principles of Behavior. New York: Appleton-Century, 1943. 5. McCulloch, W. S., and J. Pfeiffer. "Of Digital Computers Called Brains." Sci. Monthly, LXIX (1949), 368-376. 6. Morris, C. W. Signs, Language, and Behavior. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1946. 7. Rosenblueth, A., and N. Wiener. "Purposeful and Non-purposeful Behavior." Phil. of Sci., 17 (1950) (to appear in Oct. issue). 8. Rosenblueth, A., N. Wiener, and J. Bigelow. "Behavior, Purpose, and Teleology." Phil. of Sci., 11 (1943), pp. 18-24. 9. Singer, E. A., Jr. Mind as Behavior. Columbus: R. G. Adams & Co., 1924. 10. . "Mechanism, Vitalism, Naturalism." Phil. of Sci., 13 (1947), pp. 81-89. 11. Tolman, E. C. Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men. New York: Century, 1932. 12. Wiener, N. Cybernetics. New York: John Wiley 1948.
Potential Sources of Modern Day Slavery

Globally, the existence and persistence of slavery is a major problem that needs to be addressed. In addition to calling attention to slavery by making slavery a high priority issue on the national agenda, gaining some understanding of the sources of slavery is necessary for governments to effectively deal with slavery. This paper considers four factors as potential determinants of slavery at the national level. They are economic development, population growth, unemployment, and natural resource rental income. Empirically, cross country regression analysis is undertaken to test whether these four factors are of consequence for slavery. The results suggest that each of the four factors is relevant for slavery, with higher levels of economic development leading to lower levels of slavery, and higher population growth, unemployment, or rental income , leading to higher levels of slavery. It is appalling, but true, that slavery still exists in the modern world. From almost any moral perspective, or from practically any notion of what it means to be civilized, slavery, the ownership of one individual by another, is an abomination. One of the major feasts of the Jewish people, the Passover, celebrates the emancipation of the Jewish people from the cruel fate of slavery. From a Rawlsian point of view, welfare in society can be maximized by making the worst possible state in society as good as possible. As there is almost nothing worse that can be imagined than for a human being to be in slavery, this means, from a Rawlsian perspective, that social welfare is maximized by minimizing slavery. In order to reduce slavery, to be able to devise policies to effectively control slavery, it is first necessary to understand the current causes of slavery, and the conditions that bring it about . The nation state, at the present time, is the preeminent form of political and social organization. Across nations, the amount of slavery varies considerably. The fundamental question is why. What are the reasons for differences in the amount of slavery across nations? This paper investigates whether four potential factors, the level of economic development, population growth, unemployment, and, rent as a source of income are important in explaining differences in the amount of slavery between nations. The paper is broken down into five sections. The first section reviews some of the work that has been done looking at the sources of modern slavery. The second section presents a formal model of modern slavery. The third sections identifies the sources of the variables that are used in the empirical analysis. The fourth section discusses the results of cross country regressions of slavery on economic development and the three other variables considered as potential determinates of slavery. The fifth section closes by offering some concluding remarks.
New type of BIW LINE in BODY SHOP

By comparing with the traditional BIW LINE,a new type of BIW LINE is introduced by its process layout,conveyor and control system.And its character,such as flexibility,and innovative points,such as in process and production quality control,are hereby summarized.
Physical Therapy During Limb Lengthening and Deformity Correction: Principles and Techniques

Physical therapy for children undergoing gradual lengthening and correction of their lower limb deformities is a highly specialized area requiring customized care for optimal surgical outcomes. Without appropriately supervised physical therapy, patients may be at an increased risk for permanent complications such as contractures, nerve palsy, and joint subluxation. A patient undergoing gradual correction requires supportive caretakers and compliance with physical therapy sessions (typically 3–5 days per week) so that early detection of these complications is feasible. An experienced physical therapist, working alongside the medical team, can allow the patient to return to age appropriate activities after lengthening and deformity correction is completed. A sustained and customized physical therapy program, including a diligent home exercise program and appropriate use of orthoses, helps optimize clinical outcomes.
Introduction: Fashioning the Atlantic world

On October 6, 1761, the newly widowed Luiza Maria da Conceicao witnessed the drafting of an inventory of the estate left by her late husband Manoel Joao Viana. Born in a northern Portuguese village, Viana had emigrated to Salvador da Bahia. Sao Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, to give its full and proper name, was capital of colonial Brazil between 1549 and 1763, a refreshment and refitting stop ( escala ) for ships traveling to and from India, port for the sugar plantations of a substantial hinterland, and distribution center for licit and contraband Asian goods throughout the South Atlantic, notably cloth for the massive Angolan slave trade. In that bustling city, Viana married, fathered at least two children, and set up as a comerciante , apparently specializing in fabrics. Following accepted practice, the inventory itemized and valued the decedent's movable and immovable possessions, both private and professional. Apparel and textiles made up a substantial part of Viana's assets. His own garments included a suit comprising breeches, jacket, and waistcoat of black droguete (a mixed fabric of wool and silk or wool and flax linen), along with a pair of silk stockings, all in good condition; eleven “rather worn” shirts, some of Indian cotton cloth, others of bertanha (a fine linen); four pairs of white linen breeches; and an item whose identity time has effaced from the fading archival page. Viana's shop stocked an impressive array of textiles. Dozens of pieces of handkerchief material each contained a dozen or more individual kerchiefs that could be used as shawls or scarves, as headwraps, or as nose wipes. Many handkerchiefs were silk, others Indian cotton, some French linen, yet others of unspecified material, but nearly all were colorful: blue, red, light yellow. Of the many lengths of cloth catalogued, nearly a hundred were noted as “pieces” (a few of them 40 meters in length), while dozens more were measured in covados (0.68 m) and varas (1.1 m); together, they totaled at least 5,000 meters of fabric woven from diverse natural fibers. Cottons included expensive chintz, cheap French ruam , coarse and smooth Indian muslin, and yet other kinds at all price points. Linens, too, ran the gamut from choice dazzling white cambric and Hamburg bertanha through medium-priced French cres and Indian types to rock-bottom rough linhagem and fibery tow ( estopa) .
Forensic Identification of Printed Documents

This chapter concentrates on those techniques that aim to extract a unique and reproducible forensic signature from a printed document or the substrate on which the document is printed. These techniques provide high levels of statistical robustness sufficient to uniquely identify printed documents. Such techniques are split into two categories: those that require the addition of special materials and processes to provide a random forensic signature that is very hard to copy, and those that make use of the natural randomness of the print process and the underlying substrate to generate the forensic signature. The chapter mostly concentrates on the latter technique. It discuses some general hardware (HW) requirements, and presents methods that use forensic printed marks, character glyphs and halftone images as the basis for forensic signature recovery. The chapter also illustrates the potential use of forensic authentication in the context of currency protection.
Expert symbolic transient simulator based on quadratic integration method

Expert-system-based approaches to complex computational procedures of transients in power systems are desirable because power systems contain complex and nonlinear elements. We propose the use of symbolically-aided modeling as the basis for the design of expert transient simulators. The symbolic approaches work well when (a) the user interface is "symbolized" and (b) the underlying computational algorithms are robust. This paper presents advances in both of these areas and for the specific application of numerical integration of large complex nonlinear systems. We present a method for symbolically defining complex nonlinear systems. The methodology includes a human interface for symbolic manipulations of the system model. The system model is symbolically quadratized. The quadratized model is integrated with a numerical method that belongs to the general class of collocation-based implicit Runge-Kutta methods. The presented methodologies are superior to previous approaches used by the authors using symbolic manipulations and trapezoidal integration. The methodology is illustrated with a simple example system including nonlinear and switching elements
Ascending aortic dissection in a young patient using a synephrine-containing workout supplement.

Abstract Aortic dissection in young patients presents a clinical and diagnostic challenge. Atypical symptoms of ascending aortic dissection can delay presentation and diagnosis. Here, we describe a patient with delayed diagnosis of an atypical presentation of ascending aortic dissection after using a synephrine-containing pre-workout supplement. The diagnosis was initially missed on computed tomography, but subsequently made on echocardiography. This is the first reported case of ascending aortic dissection in the setting of synephrine supplementation. This case illustrates a potential cardiovascular adverse effect of synephrine and highlights the need for clinical trials without conflicts of interest assessing its safety. Learning objective: The aims of this report are to highlight the diagnostic challenge of an atypical presentation of ascending aortic dissection and to illustrate a potential cardiovascular adverse effect of synephrine supplementation.>
Evaluations of high-resolution dynamically downscaled ensembles over the contiguous United States

This study uses Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to evaluate the performance of six dynamical downscaled decadal historical simulations with 12-km resolution for a large domain (7200 × 6180 km) that covers most of North America. The initial and boundary conditions are from three global climate models (GCMs) and one reanalysis data. The GCMs employed in this study are the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model with Generalized Ocean Layer Dynamics component, Community Climate System Model, version 4, and the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model, version 2-Earth System. The reanalysis data is from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-US. Department of Energy Reanalysis II. We analyze the effects of bias correcting, the lateral boundary conditions and the effects of spectral nudging. We evaluate the model performance for seven surface variables and four upper atmospheric variables based on their climatology and extremes for seven subregions across the United States. The results indicate that the simulation’s performance depends on both location and the features/variable being tested. We find that the use of bias correction and/or nudging is beneficial in many situations, but employing these when running the RCM is not always an improvement when compared to the reference data. The use of an ensemble mean and median leads to a better performance in measuring the climatology, while it is significantly biased for the extremes, showing much larger differences than individual GCM driven model simulations from the reference data. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of these historical model runs in order to make informed decisions when making future projections.
Retention of Interstitial Genes between TMPRSS2 and ERG Is Associated with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer

TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions occur in over 50% of prostate cancers, but their impact on clinical outcomes is not well understood. Retention of interstitial genes between TMPRSS2 and ERG has been reported to influence tumor progression in an animal model. In this study, we analyzed the status of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes and interstitial genes in tumors from a large cohort of men treated surgically for prostate cancer, associating alterations with biochemical progression. Through whole-genome mate pair sequencing, we mapped and classified rearrangements driving ETS family gene fusions in 133 cases of very low-, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk prostate cancer from radical prostatectomy specimens. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions were observed in 44% of cases, and over 90% of these fusions occurred in ERG exons 3 or 4. ERG fusions retaining interstitial sequences occurred more frequently in very low-risk tumors. These tumors also frequently displayed ERG gene fusions involving alternative 5'-partners to TMPRSS2, specifically SLC45A3 and NDRG1 and other ETS family genes, which retained interstitial TMPRSS2/ERG sequences. Lastly, tumors displaying TMPRSS2-ERG fusions that retained interstitial genes were less likely to be associated with biochemical recurrence (P = 0.028). Our results point to more favorable clinical outcomes in patients with ETS family fusion-positive prostate cancers, which retain potential tumor-suppressor genes in the interstitial regions between TMPRSS2 and ERG Identifying these patients at biopsy might improve patient management, particularly with regard to active surveillance. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6157-67. ©2017 AACR.
SAViL: cross-display visual links for sensemaking in display ecologies

The main challenge associated with visual analysis using multiple displays is tied to the fact that a user must maintain awareness of and synthesize scattered information across separate displays--some of which may be out of the user's immediate field of vision. To address this need, we present Spatially Aware Visual Links (SAViL), a cross-display visual link technique capable of (1) guiding the user's attention to relevant information and (2) visually connecting related information across displays. In essence, SAViL visually represents the direct connections among different types of visual objects on separate displays to help users create semantic layers of documents spread over different displays. To test the efficacy of this system, we evaluated the impact of visual linking on the sensemaking process for text data utilizing multiple heterogeneous displays. The results of our evaluation indicate that cross-display links enable users to effectively forage for, organize, and synthesize relevant information scattered across multiple displays, integrating the different displays into a single cohesive visual workspace to support their sensemaking tasks.
Additional Returns to Investing in Girls' Education: Impact on Younger Sibling Human Capital

This article estimates the effect of the oldest sister's education on child human capital development. In many developing countries, the oldest sisters share significant childcare responsibilities in the household and can influence younger siblings' learning. I propose a model that predicts competing effects of increasing the oldest sister's schooling on younger sibling human capital. Using an identification strategy that exploits the gender segregation of schools in Pakistan, I find that the oldest sister's schooling significantly improves younger brothers' literacy, numeracy and schooling. These results indicate that evaluations of programmes targeting girls' education that ignore these spillovers on younger siblings systematically underestimate total benefits.
q-Trigonometric Functions

The q-analogues of the sine and cosine functions can be defined in anal-ogy with their well-known Euler expressions in terms of the exponential function.
Problem drinking among at-risk college students: The examination of Greek involvement, freshman status, and history of mental health problems

ABSTRACTObjective: Scarce research has examined the combined effect of mental health difficulties and demographic risk factors such as freshman status and Greek affiliation in understanding college problem drinking. The current study is interested in looking at the interaction among freshman status, Greek affiliation, and mental health difficulties. Participants and Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 413) from a private and public Midwestern university completed a large online survey battery between January 2009 and April 2013. Data from both schools were aggregated for the analyses. Results: After accounting for gender, age, and school type, the three-way interaction indicated that the highest drinking levels were reported in freshman students who reported a history of mental health problems although were not involved in Greek life. Conclusions: Findings are discussed in the context of perceived social norms, as well as alcohol-related screenings and intervention opportunities on college campuses.
Space-Based Identification of Archaeological Illegal Excavations and a New Automatic Method for Looting Feature Extraction in Desert Areas

The identification and quantification of disturbance of archaeological sites has been generally approached by visual inspection of optical aerial or satellite pictures. In this paper, we briefly summarize the state of the art of the traditionally satellite-based approaches for looting identification and propose a new automatic method for archaeological looting feature extraction approach (ALFEA). It is based on three steps: the enhancement using spatial autocorrelation, unsupervised classification, and segmentation. ALFEA has been applied to Google Earth images of two test areas, selected in desert environs in Syria (Dura Europos), and in Peru (Cahuachi-Nasca). The reliability of ALFEA was assessed through field surveys in Peru and visual inspection for the Syrian case study. Results from the evaluation procedure showed satisfactory performance from both of the two analysed test cases with a rate of success higher than 90%.
Unmanaged Workflows: Their Provenance and Use

Provenance of scientific data will play an increasingly critical role as scientists are encouraged by funding agencies and grand challenge problems to share and preserve scientific data. But it is foolhardy to believe that all human processes, particularly as varied as the scientific discovery process, will be fully automated by a workflow system. Consequently, provenance capture has to be thought of as a problem applied to both human and automated processes. The unmanaged workflow is the full human-driven activity, encompassing tasks whose execution is automated by an orchestration tool, and tasks that are done outside an orchestration tool. In this chapter we discuss the implications of the unmanaged workflow as it affects provenance capture, representation, and use. Illustrations of capture include multiple experiences with unmanaged capture using the Karma tool. Illustrations of use include defining workflows by suggesting additions to workflow designs under construction, reconstructing process traces, and using analysis tools to assess provenance quality.
A Multi-Century History of Drought and Wetter Conditions in Africa

This chapter reviews historical evidence of drought and wet conditions for regions of Africa. Africa contains the world’s largest expanse of arid and semi-arid land. Its people have contended with its harsh conditions over millennia, developing a close relationship with the environment and climate. Droughts cause famine, economic hardship, mass migration, and death. Extraordinary rains cause dwellings to collapse, flood low-lying areas, and prevent travel and commerce. Historical references allow for the reconstruction of African climates over several centuries. In most cases, absolute certainty cannot be established. However, “convergence of evidence” from numerous sources is used to create a chronology of the most likely conditions that prevailed. From 1800 enough information was available to allow for the development of semi-quantitative annual records for the whole continent.
Spin-glass behavior and vacancy order in van der Waals layered β − MoCl 4

Two-dimensional $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{MoCl}}_{4}$ is an attractive material from the perspectives of magnetism in $4d$ transition metal compounds, geometrically frustrated lattices, and magnetic van der Waals layered materials, but the magnetism in this compound has not been particularly well studied to date. Here the magnetic properties and crystal structure of ${\mathrm{MoCl}}_{4}$ are revisited, and results of ac and dc magnetic measurements and single crystal x-ray diffraction are reported. Crystals grow as well-formed and easily cleaved hexagonal plates that are unstable in air. The revised structural model comprises ${\mathrm{CdCl}}_{2}$-type layers with 50% Mo vacancies distributed over the sites of the triangular cation net. Interestingly, a structural ambiguity regarding the vacancy distribution is identified in the analysis of the diffraction data. The orbital moment is not expected to be quenched in this $4{d}^{2}$ compound. Accordingly, magnetization measurements indicate an effective moment that is about 20% lower than the spin-only value. The magnetic data reveal an anomaly near 5 K, below which a divergence of field-cooled and zero-field-cooled dc magnetization, a slow relaxation of thermoremanent magnetization, and enhanced frequency dependence of ac magnetization are observed. Thus, $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{MoCl}}_{4}$ represents an uncommon example of a cleavable spin-glass system.
Discrepancy between Mother and Child Perceptions of Their Relationship: I. Consequences for Adolescents Considered within the Context of Parental Divorce

Previous research has shown that parent-adolescent conflict is associated with adolescent adjustment. One possible source of conflict between parents and adolescents is the discrepant ways in which they perceive their relationship, which may contribute to adolescent adjustment difficulties. The present study examined the association between mother-adolescent discrepant views in their relationship and adolescent adjustment difficulties concurrently and longitudinally. In addition, the role of a family stressor, in this case parental divorce, in enhancing the discrepant views and moderating the relationship between discrepancy in perceptions and adolescent adjustment was examined. Results indicated that discrepancies in mother perception and adolescent perception of their relationship were associated with mother report of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems concurrently and longitudinally. Furthermore, discrepancies were significantly higher in divorced families than intact families, but divorce did not moderate the relationship between discrepancies and adolescent adjustment. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Measuring racial segregation in health system networks using the dissimilarity index.

Abstract Racial disparities in the end-of-life treatment of patients are a well observed fact of the U.S. healthcare system. Less is known about how the physicians treating patients at the end-of-life influence the care received. Social networks have been widely used to study interactions with the healthcare system using physician patient-sharing networks. In this paper, we propose an extension of the dissimilarity index (DI), classically used to study geographic racial segregation, to study differences in patient care patterns in the healthcare system. Using the proposed measure, we quantify the unevenness of referrals (sharing) by physicians in a given region by their patients' race and how this relates to the treatments they receive at the end-of-life in a cohort of Medicare fee-for-service patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We apply the measure nationwide to physician patient-sharing networks, and in a sub-study comparing four regions with similar racial distribution, Washington, DC, Greenville, NC, Columbus, GA, and Meridian, MS. We show that among regions with similar racial distribution, a large dissimilarity index in a region (Washington, DC DI = 0.86 vs. Meridian, MS DI = 0.55), which corresponds to more distinct referral networks for black and white patients by the same physician, is correlated with black patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias receiving more aggressive care at the end-of-life (including ICU and ventilator use), and less aggressive quality care (early hospice care).
Pediatric Burns and Scars

The treatment of scarring in children can be a daunting task due to the complex interplay of the scar, physical growth and development, and the cognitive, social, and emotional development of the growing child. When should we intervene? How should we intervene? How can we optimize outcomes without traumatizing children through our interventions? This chapter explores these factors as well as the current treatment options for children with scar ranging from small superficial scars to the most severe burn-related reconstructive problems.
A secure measurement unit for an inspection system used in nuclear arms-control verification

Abstract Verification of arms control treaties may require information barriers to protect sensitive data acquired during the verification process. These information barriers are commonly implemented in software, but must store and operate on data that are vulnerable to attack and tampering. We present a new Secure Measurement Unit based on a modified pipeline SAR ADC architecture. The idea is to move the information barrier back into the digitization process so that prohibited data is never created. A prototype 65 nm CMOS Secure Measurement Unit (SMU) was tested using U-235, U-238, Co-60, Cs-137 and Am-241 sources. The prototype accurately digitized allowable signals while being immune to side-channel attacks on signals within preset forbidden regions.
Archival Values: Essays in Honor of Mark A. Greene. Christine Weideman and Mary A. Caldera, eds. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2019. 300p. Paper, $55.99 (ISBN 978-0838946503).

How might a book review—or a book itself for that matter—change in scope or meaning if its readers are under quarantine? For those of us living in an altered state due to the COVID-19 public health crisis, nothing is as it was. So why should reading and reviewing a book like Archival Values: Essays in Honor of Mark A. Greene be any different? When libraries, archives, historical societies, and college classrooms closed to the public to slow the spread of a deadly disease, many archivists and librarians went into exile. Our reading rooms and our researchers, our collections and our facilities, were off limits. For some of us, our very livelihoods are at risk (or worse, were laid waste) by these closures. What would Mark Greene have said? What would he have done? And for those who don’t yet know who Mark Greene was, why do his archival values matter? And why now?
Deubiquitylases in developmental ubiquitin signaling and congenital diseases

Metazoan development from a one-cell zygote to a fully formed organism requires complex cellular differentiation and communication pathways. To coordinate these processes, embryos frequently encode signaling information with the small protein modifier ubiquitin, which is typically attached to lysine residues within substrates. During ubiquitin signaling, a three-step enzymatic cascade modifies specific substrates with topologically unique ubiquitin modifications, which mediate changes in the substrate's stability, activity, localization, or interacting proteins. Ubiquitin signaling is critically regulated by deubiquitylases (DUBs), a class of ~100 human enzymes that oppose the conjugation of ubiquitin. DUBs control many essential cellular functions and various aspects of human physiology and development. Recent genetic studies have identified mutations in several DUBs that cause developmental disorders. Here we review principles controlling DUB activity and substrate recruitment that allow these enzymes to regulate ubiquitin signaling during development. We summarize key mechanisms of how DUBs control embryonic and postnatal differentiation processes, highlight developmental disorders that are caused by mutations in particular DUB members, and describe our current understanding of how these mutations disrupt development. Finally, we discuss how emerging tools from human disease genetics will enable the identification and study of novel congenital disease-causing DUBs.
Two-stage Linked Component Analysis for Joint Decomposition of Multiple Biologically Related Data Sets

Summary Integrative analysis of multiple data sets has the potential of fully leveraging the vast amount of high throughput biological data being generated. In particular such analysis will be powerful in making inference from publicly available collections of genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic data sets which are designed to study shared biological processes, but which vary in their target measurements, biological variation, unwanted noise, and batch variation. Thus, methods that enable the joint analysis of multiple data sets are needed to gain insights into shared biological processes that would otherwise be hidden by unwanted intra-data set variation. Here, we propose a method called two-stage linked component analysis (2s-LCA) to jointly decompose multiple biologically related experimental data sets with biological and technological relationships that can be structured into the decomposition. The consistency of the proposed method is established and its empirical performance is evaluated via simulation studies. We apply 2s-LCA to jointly analyze four data sets focused on human brain development and identify meaningful patterns of gene expression in human neurogenesis that have shared structure across these data sets. The code to conduct 2s-LCA has been complied into an R package “PJD”, which is available at https://github.com/CHuanSite/PJD.
The New Role of Cardiac Imaging Following the ISCHEMIA Trial

This review is aimed at summarizing the recently published ISCHEMIA trial (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) and how its findings may impact cardiac imaging for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) moving forward. The ISCHEMIA trial compared an initial invasive management strategy with goal of complete coronary revascularization versus an initial medical therapy strategy among stable patients with newly diagnosed moderate to severe myocardial ischemia on non-invasive testing. The trial results showed that an early invasive strategy did not reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events over 3.2 years of follow-up as compared to optimal medical therapy in patients with SIHD. The results of the landmark ISCHEMIA trial solidified the importance of guideline-directed medical therapy and have provided more evidence against the prevailing dogma that moderate to severe ischemia on traditional stress testing mandates coronary revascularization. This trial was not designed to compare different cardiac imaging and stress testing modalities for the assessment of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing their index evaluation for SIHD; however, its design, which included coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in most patients, and results have generated robust discussion regarding ways to improve non-invasive testing strategies in similar patient populations. We believe that increased utilization of CCTA to identify patients with and without high-risk SIHD, and advanced tests for ischemia, such as positron emission tomography and stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, when selected based on individual patient characteristics, may allow for improved decision-making and outcomes.
Immediate Pain Relief at Time of Corticosteroid Injection for Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis as a Predictor of Eventual Outcomes.

Background:Corticosteroid injection and physical therapy remain the mainstay of treatment for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder; however, a certain percentage of patients will not impr...
Interpreting Polygenic Score Effects in Sibling Analysis

Researchers often claim that sibling analysis can be used to separate causal genetic effects from the assortment of biases that contaminate most downstream genetic studies. Indeed, typical results from sibling models show large (>50%) attenuations in the associations between polygenic scores and phenotypes compared to non-sibling models, consistent with researchers9 expectations about bias reduction. This paper explores these expectations by using family (quad) data and simulations that include indirect genetic effect processes and evaluates the ability of sibling models to uncover direct genetic effects. We find that sibling models, in general, fail to uncover direct genetic effects; indeed, these models have both upward and downward biases that are difficult to sign in typical data. When genetic nurture effects exist, sibling models create 9measurement error9 that attenuate associations between polygenic scores and phenotypes. As the correlation between direct and indirect effect changes, this bias can increase or decrease. Our findings suggest that interpreting results from sibling analysis aimed at uncovering direct genetic effects should be treated with caution.
Recent progress in CdZnTe based room temperature detectors for nuclear radiation monitoring

Abstract CdZnTe (CZT) has attracted a lot of attention for room temperature radiation detection by fulfilling a number of diverse and stringent requirements owing to its advantages over traditional semiconductor materials. This study reviews the progress in research of CZT based room temperature nuclear radiation detection and spectroscopy by a comprehensive survey. We evaluate both physical and electronic properties of modern detectors, compare different growth methods, geometries, and detection platforms, and we present the results of their performance evaluation to give an overview of the advancement in CdZnTe detector technology for nuclear power plant application in the last decade.
Transcriptional profiling reveals elevated Sox2 in DNA polymerase ß null mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

DNA polymerase eta (Pol β, POLH) is a eukaryotic DNA polymerase involved in DNA repair by translesion synthesis. To address whether Pol ≤ impacts breast cancer survival, we conducted a retrospective outcome study on 145assessable cases of breast cancers collected from affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University (ZJU set). The results were validated on six published microarray data sets (1,154 cases) with pathoclinical and follow-up information. In the ZJU set, the protein levels of Pol ≤ were determined by IHC. The specificity of antibody against Pol ≤ was validated by using peptide blocking assay. It was shown that protein expression level of Pol ≤ positively correlates with cell proliferative marker Ki-67 (trends P=0.019). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that Pol ≤ was significantly related that better overall survival in breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (Log rank p=0.003). Multivariate COX analysis further confirmed that the hazard ratio (HR) of Pol ≤ for overall and progress-free survival were 0.23(95% CI 0.05-0.95) and 0.32(0.11-0.96). Further stratification analysis demonstrated that Pol ≤ prognoses better survival in Luminal A and B molecular subtypes (HR=0.155 95% CI 0.04-0.62), but not HER 2 Positive or Triple negative breast cancer. Above findings were further validated in public microarray database. In Ivshina9s dataset, the increase of POLH mRNA was significantly and negatively related with lymphnode involvement in a dose-dependent manner (trend p=0.044). The Kaplan-Meier analysis also revealed that the mRNA levels of POLH was significantly related to progress-free survival of breast cancer. In Chin9s data, multivariate COX analysis also revealed that the HR increased significantly as with increase of POLH mRNA levels (HR= 0.22 95% CI 0.03-0.86, highest quartile vs. lowest quartile). Above findings suggested that the protein and mRNA expression levels of Pol ≤ prognoses better survival in breast cancer, especially in Luminal A or B breast cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 699. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-699
High resolution gravity models combining terrestrial and satellite data

Spherical harmonic expansions to degree 360 have been developed that combine satellite potential coefficient information, terrestrial gravity data, satellite altimeter information as a direct tracking data type and topographic information. These models define improved representations of the Earth’s gravitational potential beyond that available from just satellite or terrestrial data. The development of the degree 360 models, however, does not imply a uniform accuracy in the determination of the gravity field as numerous geographic areas are devoid of terrestrial data or the resolution of such data is limited to, for example, 100km.
Functionalism in Anthropology

Functionalism is a sociological research program of historical and systematic significance. Sociological explanations in terms of functions are teleological. Social phenomena are to be explained by their effects and consequences—chiefly of a beneficial, morally desired or nonintended character—and/or by a circuit of equilibration (a homeostatic loop) which is maintaining a certain state of proper functioning. The notion of (mono-) functionally specialized subsystems of society can be seen as the most important precipitate of functionalist thinking in sociology.