cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visible quasi-phase-matched harmonic generation by electric-field-poled lithium niobate

Laser-based displays and illumination systems are applications which can capitalize on the brightness and efficiency of semiconductor lasers, provided that there is a means for converting their output into the visible spectrum. Semiconductor laser manufacturers can adjust their processes to achieve desired wavelengths in several near-infrared bands; an equally agile conversion technology is needed to permit display and illumination system manufacturers to choose visible wavelengths appropriate to their products. Quasi- phasematched second harmonic generation has the potential to convert high-power semiconductor laser output to the visible with 50% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency in a single-pass bulk configuration, using electric-field-poled lithium niobate. Lithographically- defined electrode structures on the positive or negative polar faces of this crystal are used to control the formation of domains under the influence of electric fields applied using those electrode structures. The quality of the resulting domain patterns not only controls the efficiency of quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation, but also controls the degree of resistance to photorefractive damage. We present a model which is used to identify the optimum electrode duty cycle and applied poling field for domain patterning and compare the predicted domain duty cycle with experimental results. We discuss factors which contribute to inhomogeneous domain pattern quality for samples poled under otherwise ideal conditions and our progress in limiting their influence. Finally, we present optical characterization of a 2.4 mm long 500 micrometers thick sample which produced an average second harmonic power of 1.3 W of 532 nm green from a 9 W average power Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in a loose- focus single-pass configuration.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Physical design: reminiscing and looking ahead

In the mid 70’s a routing method was needed at Bell Labs, Whipany, for the layout of multiple layer printed circuit boards using fixed vias, evenly spaced between rows of fixed pins. The single-row routing algorithm was proposed, and it has attracted a lot of attention among academic researchers. Deep submicron IC designs call for multiple layer routing to satisfy performance specifications. Certainly, nothing as simple as the singlerow routing algorithm would evolve; however, optimum layering remains an academic and practical problem.
Centromeric Index Measurement by Slit-Scan Flow Cytometry'

A report is given of the application of slit-scan flow cytometry (SSFCM) in the classification of muntjac, Chinese hamster, and human chromosomes according to centromeric index (CI) and total fluorescence. Chromosomes were isolated from mitotic cells, stained with propidium iodide and processed through the SSFCM where fluorescence profiles were measured. The centromere for each profile was taken as the point of maximum difference between the measured profile and a standard profile having no centromeric dip. The areas under the profile on either side of the centromere were then calculated and the CI was calculated as the ratio of the larger area to the total area under the profile. Relative DNA contents for each chromosome were taken to be proportional to the total fluorescence. Mean CI's for muntjac chromosomes 1, 2, and X + 3 were 0.52, 0.88, and 0.73, respectively; CI's for Chinese hamster M3-1 chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 8, and M2 were 0.53, 0.55, 0.57, 0.77, and 0.86, respectively; and average CI's for chromosome groups 4 + t (X;5), 6 + 7 + Y, 9 + M1, and 10 + 11 were 0.56, 0.82, 0.58, and 0.60, respectively. These results were, on average, within 4.4% of CI measurements mademore » by image cytometry. CI's measured for human chromosomes 9 through 12, were, on average, within 2.0% of those made by image cytometry.« less
Observation of magnetospheric relativistic electrons accelerated by Pc-5 ULF waves

The authors thank A. L. Vampola for archiving the CRRES-MEA data at the National Space Science Data Center. This work was partially supported by NASA contract NAS 5-97059 and NASA RTOP 784-50-51-02.
Tables to facilitate fitting tadikamalla and johnson's LB distributions II. both terminals fixed

Tadikamalla and Johnson (1990) have provided tables to facilitate fitting LB distributions, using the first four moments.In this paper, tables are presented to assist in fitting LB distributions using the first two moments and the terminals of the range of variation (supposed known)
Cook detachable coil embolization of a symptomatic, isolated orbital arteriovenous fistula via a superior ophthalmic vein approach

Isolated arteriovenous fistulas of the posterior orbit occur with exceptional rarity, and their evaluation and management are not well characterized. We describe the clinical presentation and treatment of a spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the right posterior orbit via a superior ophthalmic vein approach for embolization using platinum detachable coils.
Health Care Usage and Health Status of Immigrant Children: The Effects of Nativity versus Citizenship

Abstract This paper addresses the relationship between child access to and use of health services, perceived health, and parental nativity. Parental region of birth is identified to include the underlying cultural differences across immigrant groups. We found that children of immigrant families, regardless of their immigration status, have lower odds to visit the doctor at least once a year and lack of usual place of care. Conversely, this group has better outcomes with regard to their perceived health. Results hold when parental region of birth is included. Overall, non-citizen children of Latino American, Asian and African families have the worse outcomes.
Hexakis(isopropylthio)-1,5-hexadien-3-yne and its fluorescent Ag(I) coordination polymers: assembly of helicates with thioether sites

A new thioether-rich ligand with a conjugated dienyne backbone and its fluorescent Ag(I) coordination networks have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, which reveal that the supramolecular architectures of the networks contain assembled helicates with thioether sites.
New Empirical Procedures for Improving ab Initio Energetics

Empirical schemes are developed for correcting the energies resulting from a moderately high-level ab initio calculation. Each method involves only a few adjustable parameters, which are determined by fitting a set of 31 high-spin atomization energies. Parameters are developed only for elements through the 2p block. The methods are based upon ( I ) bond lengths, (2) the electron densities at mid-bond critical points, (3) correlation energy scaling, (4) basis-set extrapolation, and (5) the number and spin of the valence electrons. A hybrid method, in which correlation energy is scaled by a factor that depends on the mid-bond electron densities, is also investigated. Each type of correction achieves a marked improvement over ab initio atomization energies; the first two are especially effective. Additional expressions are developed to represent the expected (1σ) uncertainties for predicted atomization energies.
Improving diagnostic accuracy using a hierarchical neural network to model decision subtasks.

A number of quantitative models including linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, k nearest neighbor, kernel density, recursive partitioning, and neural networks are being used in medical diagnostic support systems to assist human decision-makers in disease diagnosis. This research investigates the decision accuracy of neural network models for the differential diagnosis of six erythamatous-squamous diseases. Conditions where a hierarchical neural network model can increase diagnostic accuracy by partitioning the decision domain into subtasks that are easier to learn are specifically addressed. Self-organizing maps (SOM) are used to portray the 34 feature variables in a two dimensional plot that maintains topological ordering. The SOM identifies five inconsistent cases that are likely sources of error for the quantitative decision models; the lower bound for the diagnostic decision error based on five errors is 0.0140. The traditional application of the quantitative models cited above results in diagnostic error levels substantially greater than this target level. A two-stage hierarchical neural network is designed by combining a multilayer perceptron first stage and a mixture-of-experts second stage. The second stage mixture-of-experts neural network learns a subtask of the diagnostic decision, the discrimination between seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis rosea. The diagnostic accuracy of the two stage neural network approaches the target performance established from the SOM with an error rate of 0.0159.
Spawning, eggs and larvae of the longnose filefish Oxymonacanthus longirostris, a monogamous coralivore

The longnose filefish (Monacanthidae, Oxymonacanthus longirostris) was studied at a patch reef on Enewetak Atoll. It swims with undulations of its median fins and feeds almost continuously on coral polyps, using its beak-like mouth. The spot in the tail resembles an eye so that the tail looks like a head when it protrudes from the coral during feeding. There is slight dichromatism in that males have brighter pelvic flaps. Most of the fish were color tagged for individual recognition. They tended to remain within a given area, although some fish roamed throughout the patch. Most of the larger adults formed monogamous pairs; the smaller fish were variously alone or in groups of 1–5 individuals who appeared to know one another. Only pairs having the largest males, on the periphery of the patch, were clearly territorial. Aggression was a common event featuring a few distinctive displays, most of which were used in courtship as well. Spawning may be a daily event, occurring around 1600 h. The female probes and selects a tuft of blue-green algae; the male nuzzles the female and they spawn in the algae. The green eggs are about 0.7 mm in diameter, demersal, adhesive, and hidden in the algae; they hatched in 53.5 h, just after sunset. The planktonic larvae fit the monacanthid type B of Leis & Rennis (1983) and were initially 2.5 mm TL; by day 5 their yolk was gone.
Suppression of bremsstrahlung at nonzero temperature.

The first-order bremsstrahlung emission spectrum is \ensuremath{\alpha}d\ensuremath{\omega}/\ensuremath{\omega} at zero temperature. If the radiation is emitted into a region that contains a thermal distribution of photons, then the rate is multiplied by a factor 1+N(\ensuremath{\omega}) where N(\ensuremath{\omega}) is the Bose-Einstein function. The stimulated emission changes the spectrum to \ensuremath{\alpha}Td\ensuremath{\omega}/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{2}$ for \ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}T. If this were correct, an infinite amount of energy would be radiated in the low frequency modes. This unphysical result indicates a breakdown of perturbation theory. The paper computes the bremsstrahlung rate to all orders of perturbation theory, neglecting the recoil of the charged particle. When the perturbation series is summed, it has a different low-energy behavior. For \ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\alpha}T, the spectrum is independent of \ensuremath{\omega} and has a value proportional to d\ensuremath{\omega}/\ensuremath{\alpha}T.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids promote paclitaxel cytotoxicity via inhibition of the MDR1 gene in the human colon cancer Caco-2 cell line.

Objective: Accumulating evidence in both humans and animal models indicates that dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can improve response to chemotherapy. The intent of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which PUFAs affect the response to anticancer chemotherapy.Methods: Human colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2 was used as a model system in this study. Caco-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of three PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mdr1 gene (codes for P-glycoprotein [P-gp]) expression. Western blotting and calcein-acetoxymethylester efflux assay were used for P-gp expression and functional evaluation, respectively. Furthermore, apoptosis assay was conducted by adding PUFAs with paclitaxel to confirm the synergetic effect. Finally, gene expression of nuclear receptors CAR and PXR were estimated to evaluate the possible mechanisms.Resul...
The creep properties of lead-free solder joints

This paper describes the creep behavior of three tin-rich solders that have become candidates for use in lead-free solder joints: Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu, and Sn-0.7Cu. The three solders show the same general behavior when tested in thin joints between copper and Ni/Au metallized pads at temperatures between 60‡C and 130°C. Their steady-state creep rates are separated into two regimes with different stress exponents. The low-stress exponents range from ∼3–6, while the high-stress exponents are anomalously high (7–12). Strikingly, the high-stress exponent has a strong temperature dependence near room temperature, increasing significantly as the temperature drops from 95°C to 60°C. The anomalous creep behavior of the solders appears to be due to the dominant tin constituent. Research on creep in bulk samples of pure tin suggests that the anomalous temperature dependence of the stress exponent may show a change in the dominant mechanism of creep. Whatever its source, it has the consequence that conventional constitutive relations for steady-state creep must be used with caution in treating tin-rich solder joints, and qualification tests that are intended to verify performance should be carefully designed.
Radiographic evaluation of acetabular bone stock in failed total hip arthroplasty

Evaluation of available bone stock in failed hip arthroplasty where significant osteolysis has occurred is often difficult, since information about the osseous integrity of the innominate bone is obscured by methacrylate and metal. A simple, inexpensive, and reliable solution is the use of the cross-table lateral view of the hip, with modifications of technique to demonstrate osseous anatomy. The author describes this technique and the anatomy of the pelvis from this oblique perspective. Illustrative case reports are presented.
Echocardiographic findings in cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular myocardial infarction

The echocardiographic findings in a patient with cardiogenic shock secondary to acute right ventricular myocardial infarction based on typical clinical, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic features are described. The echocardiogram demonstrated a large RV/LV minor axis ratio caused by a volume overload of the right ventricle and an underfilled left ventricle. The interventricular septum showed abnormal movement, presumably due to right ventricular overload or severe disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Diminished septal systolic thickening, as seen in our patient, may be explained by extension of the infarct from the right ventricle to the adjacent part of the septum. Predominant right ventricular involvement can be a cause for a correctable hypotension in patients with acute myocardial infarction and should therefore be recognized early. The echocardiographic picture demonstrated in our patient, when considered in conjunction with the clinical status, can be useful for early diagnosis.
OCT assessment of subsquamous barrett's epithelium

We demonstrate OCT can accurately distinguish subsquamous Barrett's epithelium (SBE) from surrounding tissue using freshly excised human esophagi. Detection sensitivity and specificity of SBE and high-grade dysplasia will also be discussed.
Ice Age Atlantis? Exploring the Solutrean-Clovis ‘connection’

Bradley and Stanford (2004) have raised now, in several instances, the claim that European Upper Paleolithic Solutrean peoples colonized North America, and gave rise to the archaeological complex known as Clovis. They do so in the face of some obvious challenges - notably the several thousand miles of ocean and the 5000 radiocarbon years that separate the two. And yet they argue in their recent paper that the archaeological evidence in support of a historical connection is 'overwhelming'. We are profoundly skeptical of this claim; we believe that the many differences between Solutrean and Clovis are far more significant than the few similarities, the latter being readily explained by the well-known phenomenon of technological convergence or parallelism. The origin and arrival time of the first Americans remain uncertain, but not so uncertain that we need to look elsewhere other than north-east Asia.
The Aerodynamics of Hummingbird Flight

[Abstract] Hummingbirds fly with their wings almost fully extended during their entire wingbeat. This pattern, associated with having proportionally short humeral bones, long distal wing elements, and assumed to be an adaptation for extended hovering flight, has lead to predictions that the aerodynamic mechanisms exploited by hummingbirds during hovering should be similar to those observed in insects. To test these predictions, we flew rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus, 3.3 g, n = 6) in a variable–speed wind tunnel (0-12 ms) and measured wake structure and dynamics using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Unlike hovering insects, hummingbirds produced 75% of their weight support during downstroke and only 25% during upstroke, an asymmetry due to the inversion of their cambered wings during upstroke. Further, we have found no evidence of sustained, attached leading edge vorticity (LEV) during up or downstroke, as has been seen in similarly-sized insects although a transient LEV is produced during the rapid change in angle of attack at the end of the downstroke. Finally, although an extended-wing upstroke during forward flight has long been thought to produce lift and negative thrust, we found circulation during downstroke alone to be sufficient to support body weight, and that some positive thrust was produced during upstroke, as evidenced by a vortex pair shed into the wake of all upstrokes at speeds of 4 – 12 m s.
Modal Analysis and Design of a Vertically Movable Gate Field Effect Transistor (VMGFET) Proposed for Low-Frequency Sensing Applications

The objective of this study is to design and optimize a vertically movable gate field effect transistor (VMGFET) - suitable for low-frequency, high-sensitivity applications - with an emphasis on modal analysis of the suspended gate structure, optimization of mesh density within the employed finite element analysis software, and optimization of the moveable gate dimensions given its relationship with fabrication complexity and the structure’s resonant frequencies. The methods of design, optimization, and analysis were carried out with COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a under the assumption of no damping with free vibrations. The results indicate optimal dimensions of the suspended gate structure - given constraints on size, resonance, and fabrication complexity - which suggest a beam thickness of 3 µm and a beam width of 15 µm, yielding an upper limit of input force frequencies near 2 kHz.
Synthesis of protected allylic amines from allylic phenyl selenides: Improved conditions for the chloramine T oxidation of allylic phenyl selenides

Abstract Anhydrous chloramine T in methanol is a highly effective reagent for the conversion of allylic phenyl selenides to the corresponding rearranged N-allylic-p-toluenesulfonamides. The reaction presumably proceeds via an allylic selenimide intermediate which undergoes [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
Computational investigation of the oxidative deboronation of boroglycine, H2N-CH2-B(OH)2, Using H2O and H2O2.

We report results from a computational investigation of the oxidative deboronation of boroglycine, H2N−CH2−B(OH)2, using H2O and H2O2 as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) to yield aminomethanol, H2N−CH2−OH; these results complement our study on the protodeboronation of boroglycine to produce methylamine, H2N−CH3 (Larkin et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 6489−6500). Second-order Moller−Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory with Dunning−Woon correlation-consistent (cc) basis sets were used for the calculations with comparisons made to results from density functional theory (DFT) at the PBE1PBE/6-311++G(d,p)(cc-pVDZ) levels. The effects of a bulk aqueous environment were also incorporated into the calculations employing PCM and CPCM methodology. Using H2O as the ROS, the reaction H2O + H2N−CH2−B(OH)2 → H2N−CH2−OH + H−B(OH)2 was calculated to be endothermic; the value of ΔH2980 was +12.0 kcal/mol at the MP2(FC)/cc-pVTZ computational level in vacuo and +13.7 kcal/mol in PCM aqueous media; the corresponding value ...
Single and dual crosslinked oxidized methacrylated alginate/PEG hydrogels for bioadhesive applications

A degradable, cytocompatible bioadhesive can facilitate surgical procedures and minimize patient pain and post-surgical complications. In this study a bioadhesive hydrogel system based on oxidized methacrylated alginate/8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) amine (OMA/PEG) has been developed, and the bioadhesive characteristics of the crosslinked OMA/PEG hydrogels evaluated. Here we demonstrate that the swelling behavior, degradation profiles, and storage moduli of crosslinked OMA/PEG hydrogels are tunable by varying the degree of alginate oxidation. The crosslinked OMA/PEG hydrogels exhibit cytocompatibility when cultured with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, the adhesion strength of these hydrogels, controllable by varying the alginate oxidation level and measured using a porcine skin model, is superior to commercially available fibrin glue. This OMA/PEG hydrogel system with controllable biodegradation and mechanical properties and adhesion strength may be a promising bioadhesive for clinical use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, wound closure and healing, biomedical device implantation, and tissue engineering.
Endovascular occlusion of wide-necked aneurysms with a new intracranial microstent (Neuroform) and detachable coils

Objective The long-term durability of the endovascular occlusion of cerebral aneurysms is one of the major factors limiting the more widespread use of this technique. Long-term occlusion of wide-necked aneurysms has improved with new assistive devices that seem to improve aneurysm occlusion while protecting the parent vessel. We report the use of a new intracranial stent--the Neuroform microstent--in the treatment of patients with wide-necked cerebral aneurysms. Methods Patients identified as harboring wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were evaluated for stent-assisted coiling. After appropriate anticoagulation was performed, depending on whether the aneurysm was ruptured or unruptured, the Neuroform stent was delivered across the neck of the aneurysm and deployed with a coil pusher. After stent placement, standard coil occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in the majority of cases. Results Fifty-six patients were identified as having wide-necked intracranial aneurysms suitable for stent-assisted coiling. A total of 49 aneurysms in 48 patients were treated with this procedure. In eight cases, stent deployment failed. Forty-one of the aneurysms were initially stented, followed by coil placement. Six aneurysms were stented only, and one aneurysm was initially coiled, followed by stent placement. There were five deaths (8.9%), one of which occurred secondary to a stroke after the procedure (1.8%). Four patients (7%) experienced thromboembolic events, three of which were considered to have been secondary to the procedure (5.3%). In addition, there were two femoral pseudoaneurysms. The overall complication rate was 10.7%. Five patients were available for follow-up angiographic evaluation, and their cases are discussed. Conclusion Intracranial stenting may overcome important technical limitations in current endovascular therapy by improving the occlusion of wide-necked aneurysms while protecting the parent vessel.
Clinical use of the fluoroquinolones.

The appetite for modification to the basic quinolone nucleus has grown logarithmically since the first quinolone was employed in clinical practice. Important structural refinements have led to expanded microbiologic activity, optimal pharmacokinetics, and increased safety profiles. The practicing clinician and researcher may glean considerable information from the quinolone structure with regard to microbiologic spectra and safety before administering these agents to patients. Although some toxicities can be ominously predictable, such as with the so-called high-risk quinolones (e.g., double-halogenated and trifluorinated quinolones), clinicians must rely on animal models of toxicity and clinical trial data to discern other toxicities (e.g., Q-Tc interval prolongation). A few quinolones enjoy a relatively clean safety profile and are well tolerated (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin). Other quinolones may be associated with significant collateral system toxicity during therapy; however, under certain conditions, albeit rare, their potential for benefit may outweigh the existing risk. Clinafloxacin, for use in the management of lung infections caused by multiply resistant B. cepacia in cystic fibrosis patients, is an example of a risk that may be outweighed by its therapeutic benefit. Because there are many treatment alternatives within the clinician's armamentarium, the obligation is to select the safest, most therapeutically effective, and most cost-effective agent that is available. In addition to increasing mortality and morbidity, the development of toxicity or an adverse event during therapy may compromise the immediate effectiveness of treatment as well as affect the cost of the patient's care significantly. With the immediate abundance of quinolones available for use, the safest, most effective, and best-tolerated agents will likely emerge as the most appropriate therapeutic choices when a quinolone is indicated.
A collocational approach to laminar flow heat transfer in non-newtonian fluids

Abstract The energy equation for laminar flow of a power law fluid in a circular tube is solved by the orthogonal collocation technique. Two different boundary
NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF THE RATE OF FAT ABSORPTION INSUCKLING RATS

To characterize the extent to which continuous measurement of 14CO2 excretion following the oral feeding of 14C-triolein (14C-T) would estimate the rate of absorption of triolein by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), 16 day old suckling rats were fed 1.0 ml/100g body wt. of 14C-T and the rate of production of expired 14CO2 was measured continuously. Pairs of animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 5, and 6 hrs and absorption rates were calculated by quantitating substrate remaining In the GIT. Comparison of these rates with the cumulative excretion rates of 14CO2 revealed a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. In a second experiment, suckling rats were pre-treated with Triton WR1339, a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase, prior to receiving 14C-T. The rate of intestinal triglyceride (TG) output was determined from the increase in 14C activity in the blood over 6 hrs. Comparison of the rates of intestinal TG secretion using Triton WR1339 with that determined from measurement of 14CO2 excretion revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Additionally triolein absorption rates in suckling animals were noted to be significantly higher than 10 wk old adults as measured by both 14CO2 excretion and the rate of disappearance from the GIT. We conclude that rates of TG absorption can be estimated in suckling rats in vivo by the continuous measurement of labeled CO2 excreted in breath and that these rates are significantly higher in sucklings than in 10 wk old adults.
Cellular activation of factor IX (Christmas factor).

Abstract We have demonstrated Factor IX activation by sonicated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This activation reaction required the disrupted leukocytes, calcium chloride, and a small amount of normal human plasma. The requirement for normal plasma was met by plasma deficient in all of the known coagulation factors, and thus the substance present in normal plasma which facilitates this reaction was not identified. The fact that factor XI deficient plasma supported the reaction as well as normal plasma implied that factor XIa was not involved in this activation. Strontium ions could not substitute for calcium ions in the activation reaction, also implying that factor XIa was not involved. This factor IX activating principle in leukocytes could provide a mechanism for by-passing the contact factors of blood coagulation, thus providing an explanation for the discrepancy in clinical severity between deficiencies of the contact factors on the one hand and hemophilias A and B on the other.
Folate and risk of cardiovascular disease

Looks at the relationship between folate intake, elevated plasma total homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. Notes that the mechanisms between plasma homocysteine levels and cardiovascular disease are the subject of intense research activity. Suggests that increased folate intakes can reduce plasma homocysteine and subsequently help prevent cardiovascular disease.
The response of isoprene emission rate and photosynthetic rate to photon flux and nitrogen supply in aspen and white oak trees

Isoprene is the primary biogenic hydrocarbon emitted from temperate deciduous forest ecosystems. The effects of varying photon flux density (PFD) and nitrogen growth regimes on rates of isoprene emission and net photosynthesis in potted aspen and white oak trees are reported. In both aspen and oak trees, whether rates were expressed on a leaf area or dry mass basis, (1) growth at higher PFD resulted in significantly higher rates of isoprene emission, than growth at lower PFD, (2) there is a significant positive relationship between isoprene emission rate and leaf nitrogen concentration in both sun and shade trees, and (3) there is a significant positive correlation between isoprene emission rate and photosynthetic rate in both sun and shade trees. The greater capacity for isoprene emission in sun leaves was due to both higher leaf mass per unit area and differences in the biochemical and/or physiological properties that influence isoprene emission. Positive correlations between isoprene emission rate and leaf nitrogen concentration support the existence of mechanisms that link leaf nitrogen status to isoprene synthase activity. Positive correlations between isoprene emission rate and photosynthesis rate support previous hypotheses that isoprene emission plays a role in protecting photosynthetic mechanisms during stress.
Community integration: conceptualisation and measurement.

Purpose. To provide an overview of the conceptualisation of community integration as proposed in the literature, to review select measures of community integration that have been frequently used in disability and rehabilitation, and finally, to discuss future directions for community integration research.Method. Review of select measures published in PsycInfo- and PubMed-indexed literature representing a width of community integration conceptualisations.Conclusions. A variety of measures have been developed and validated in disability and rehabilitation research addressing different models of community integration, with additional measures originally developed in the adjacent disciplines presenting potential for application to research in community integration for individuals with disabilities. Research is needed to further clarify the multidimensional nature of community integration and to develop sound measures of community integration. To the extent that community integration is a function of various f...
Mediating modernity: Theorizing reception in a non-western society

This article theorizes non‐Western media reception, based on a reception study of a Hindu epic, “The Ramayan,”; screened on the state‐owned Indian television system, Doordarshan, in 78 episodes beginning in January 1987. Based on interviews with viewers from a variety of social backgrounds and on analysis of press response to the epic, it argues that the epic represented, for many viewers, a narrative of community opposed to bourgeois modernity, and superior to it. For Doordarshan, as a broadcaster in a non‐western/incompletely modern society, the epic represented a way of mediating between a secular bourgeois public, and a “communitarian public sphere”; which, it is argued, characterizes Indian popular culture.
A New Partition Chromatographic Procedure Assay of Pharmaceuticals

A new procedure for the assay of pharmaceuticals is described. The sample is incorporated with an immobile solvent and a supporting medium to form a column suitable for chromatographic development, and the therapeutic substances are then isolated by differential elution. Details are presented for the rapid assay of digitoxin, the quantitative separation of strychnine and quinine, and the analysis of mixtures containing aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine.
WE‐A‐218‐02: Assessing the Repair of DNA Damage from Multi‐Pass CT Protocols

Purpose: To determine whether radiation damage is additive for fractionated doses at diagnostic levels using mouse tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (Til) in an in vitro assay. Methods: Til cells placed in the center chamber of a CDTI head phantom were irradiated using a Multidetector row CT scanner (Siemens Sensation64). 20mGy, 40mGy or 60mGy (reported CTDIvol values) irradiations were performed by either a single pass or multiple passes of 20mGy separated by 2 minutes. The cellular response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was quantified by flow cytometric quantitation of gammaH2AX foci 1hr post‐irradiation at room temperature. Non‐irradiated controls were included for each sample. Collected flow cytometry data, corrected for debris and dead cells using side and forward scatter gating, were analyzed with CellQuest Pro Software.Fluorescence histograms were generated and median fluorescence of each treatment sample was compared to respective controls and excess gammaH2AX signal was reported. Results represent the average from three independent experiments. Results: A linear, dose‐dependent response of excess gammaH2AX signal was observed for single pass doses of 20– 60mGy. However, in cells exposed to multiple passes of 20mGy, a significant decrease (P<0.05) in excess gammaH2AX signal was observed compared to equivalent single pass doses.Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest multi‐pass CT protocols may alter the biological response to DNA DSBs in vitro, with significantly reduced gammaH2AX signal when the same total dose is fractionated, even with very short inter‐fraction intervals (minutes), rather than delivered as a single exposure. Kinetic analysis is necessary to determine whether this reduction is due to increased repair rate or decreased repair capacity. This altered response could have marked implications for current diagnostic procedures and thus underscore the importance of understanding how imaging protocols may affect the biological response in order to accurately assess risk estimates and biological dose. This work is partially supported by a SIEMENS Corporation research grant.
The spermatogenesis of the mouse (mus musculus, var. albula)

The previously reported diploid number of forty chromosomes has been verified; the sex chromosomes have been shown to exist early in the growth period and to be of the X-Y type; and a chromosome-nucleolus has been described in the resting stage of the primary spermatocytes which persists throughout synapsis and divides at the time of diakinesis into two parts that are equal in size and are thought to be the largest pair of autosomes. The diakinetic bivalents have been described rather fully. These are short and heavy and assume a great variety of shapes, the most characteristic of which are ring, V, Y, cross, and hexagonal. The union of bivalents during diakinesis has been shown to be an intimate one; in every instance first chromomere unites with first chromomere or third chromomere with third chromomere. This is considered to be significant evidence of the allelomorphism of chromomeres in mammals.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-induced Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing through Nuclear Factor κB Subtype-regulated CCCTC Binding Factor (CTCF) Activation

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in corneal epithelial migration and proliferation to improve the wound healing process. This study aimed to understand the role of NFκB in EGF-induced corneal epithelial wound healing through regulation of CTCF activity, which plays important roles in cell motility and migration to promote wound healing. The effect of NFκB p50 on corneal epithelial wound healing was investigated by comparing the eyes of wild-type and p50 knockout mice. We found that there was a significant retardation in corneal epithelial wound healing in the corneas of p50 knockout mice. Wound closure rates were measured in human corneal epithelial cells transfected with an NFκB activation-sensitive CTCF expression construct to demonstrate the effect of human CTCF expression under the control of EGF-induced NFκB activation on wound healing. EGF stimulation activated NFκB, which directly triggered the expression of the exogenous human CTCF in transfected cells and, subsequently, promoted human corneal epithelial cell motility, migration, and wound healing. Overexpression of CTCF in corneal epithelial cells and mouse corneas significantly enhanced the wound healing process. Furthermore, the effect of overexpressing NFκB p50 in corneal epithelial cells on the promotion of wound healing was abolished by knockdown of CTCF with CTCF-specific shRNA. Thus, a direct regulatory relationship between EGF-induced NFκB p50 and CTCF activation affecting corneal epithelial wound healing has been established, indicating that CTCF is, indeed, a NFκB p50-targeted and effective gene product in the core transcriptional network downstream from the growth factor-induced NFκB signaling pathway.
The effect of foot placement on sit to stand in healthy young subjects and patients with hemiplegia.

Abstract Brunt D, Greenberg B, Wankadia S, Trimble MA, Shechtman O. The effect of foot placement on sit to stand in healthy young subjects and patients with hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:924-9. Objective: To determine the effect of altering the foot placement of the dominant limb in young healthy subjects and the uninvolved limb of subjects with hemiplegia on their ability to perform sit to stand (STS). Design: Controlled biomechanical experiment. Setting: Research laboratory of a university health science center. Participants: Nonrandom convenience sample of 10 healthy and 10 subjects with hemiplegia. Respective mean ages were 26 and 59 years. All patients with hemiplegia could ambulate and STS independently. The mean time since the stroke was 3.6 years. Interventions: Subjects came from a sitting to a standing position under 3 different conditions: (1) normal condition, where both limbs were placed in 100° of knee flexion; (2) limb extended condition, where the dominant or uninvolved limb was extended to 75° of knee flexion; and (3) limb elevated condition, where the dominant or uninvolved limb was placed on a dense foam support equal to 25% of the subject's knee height. Main Outcome Measures: Vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces (GRFs) and bilateral tibialis anterior and quadriceps electromyogram (EMG) activity. Results: In the young subjects, the normally placed nondominant limb compensated for the extended or elevated position of the dominant limb. Peak GRFs and EMG amplitudes were all significantly greater for the nondominant limb. In patients with hemiplegia, the EMG of the involved limb increased 39% in the limb-elevated and -extended conditions compared with the normal condition. Respective values for the uninvolved limb decreased. GRFs were significantly greater for the uninvolved limb except for the vertical force in the limb-extended position. Conclusions: Muscle activity and GRFs can be influenced by altering the initial foot placement of the dominant or uninvolved limb during STS. These initial data have positive implications for the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia who could be taught to overcome a reduced ability to use their impaired limb after stroke. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE CORRELATION POTENTIAL AND THE STATIC CORRELATION KERNEL FOR TWO-ELECTRON DENSITIES IN HIGH-DENSITY LIMIT

Abstract New approximations with improved shapes of their corresponding potentials are especially needed for high-quality Kohn–Sham calculations. For two-electron densities, a new exact expression for the correlation potential vc([n]; r) in its high-density scaling limit is derived. Our formula links vc([n]; r) to an integral of the static correlation kernel fc([n]; r, r′), fc([n]; r, r′)=δvc([n]; r)/δn (r′), in the high-density limit. Numerical results, both exact and approximate, for ∫∫fc([n]; r, r′)n(r)n(r′ ) dr dr′ in the high-density limit for two model two-electron densities, are presented. It is shown that several popular functionals give the wrong sign for the latter.
Interaction of rhodanese with mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase is an iron-sulfur flavoprotein which is isolated and purified from Complex I (mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) by resolution with NaClO4. The activity of the enzyme (followed as NADH:2-methylnaphthoquinone oxidoreductase) increases linearly with protein concentration (in the range between 0.2 and 1.0 mg/ml) and decreases with aging upon incubation on ice. In the present work a good correlation was found between enzymic activity and labile sulfide content, at least within the limits of sensitivity of the assays employed. Rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.1) purified from bovine liver mitochondria was shown to restore, in the presence of thiosulfate, the activity of the partly inactivated NADH dehydrogenase. Concomitantly, sulfur was transferred from thiosulfate to the flavoprotein and incorporated as acid-labile sulfide. Rhodanese-mediated sulfide transfer was directly demonstrated when the reactivation of NADH dehydrogenase was performed in the presence of radioactive thiosulfate (labeled in the outer sulfur) and the 35S-loaded flavoprotein was re-isolated by gel filtration chromatography. The results indicated that the [35S]sulfide was inserted in NADH dehydrogenase and appeared to constitute the structural basis for the increase in enzymic activity.
Unusual immunophenotypic variant of large B-cell lymphoma associated with HHV-8 and EBV in an HIV positive patient

Abstract Human herpesvirus type 8, also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8/KSHV) has been associated with several lymphoproliferative disorders including Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), cases of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) including plasmablastic lymphoma associated with MCD, and germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder. These lymphoproliferative disorders, with the exception of the latter, usually arise in HIV-positive or profoundly immunosuppressed patients. Herein, we describe an unusual large B-cell lymphoma in a 43year-old male infected with HIV who presented with multiple lymphadenopathies. The tumor cells were positive for EBV, HHV-8/KSHV, CD20 (small subset), PAX5, and IgM and negative for CD138, and IgG. This lymphoma is difficult to classify following the 2008 WHO criteria and expands the current spectrum of viral-associated lymphomas.
Genetic Variation in MicroRNA Genes and Risk of Oral Premalignant Lesions

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play a key role in oncogenesis and, recently, studies have examined the role miRNAs might play in the risk of premalignant lesions. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between miRNA polymorphisms and risk of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs). We genotyped 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 21 miRNA-related genes in a case-control study including 136 OPL patients and 136 matched controls. Patients with at least one variant allele of mir26a-1:rs7372209 had a significantly increased risk of OPL (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.23-3.56). Likewise, patients with at least one variant allele of DICER:rs3742330 had a significantly increased risk of OPL (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.03-4.24). To assess the cumulative effects, we performed a combined unfavorable genotype analysis that included all SNPs showing at least a borderline statistical significance. A significant trend of increased risk of OPL with increasing number of unfavorable genotypes was observed (P for trend <0.0001). This study presents the first epidemiologic evidence supporting that individual as well as combined genotypes of miRNA-related variants may be used to predict the risk of OPL, and may be useful for identifying patients with OPL at high risk for progression to oral cancer.
An adaptive fuzzy technique for learning power-quality signature waveforms

This letter presents a new technique for learning power-quality waveforms. The approach is an intelligent technique based on exploiting the capabilities of adaptive fuzzy logic learning. The development of the mechanism was essential for the completion of an intelligent fuzzy expert system targeting power-quality problems using a mal-operation prediction technique.
FDTD analysis of CPW-fed folded-slot and multiple-slot antennas on thin substrates

Folded slot antennas are attractive for active arrays due to relatively large bandwidth, fabrication simplicity, and ease of integration with devices. Currently, there is little design information for these antennas, especially on thin substrates. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to the analysis of CPW-fed folded-slot antennas. The paper describes the problems encountered in the analysis, compares the theoretical results and measured data, and provides some design information for folded slots. In addition, it explores the manipulation of input impedance through the use of additional slots, yielding antennas with a broadband 50 /spl Omega/ input impedance.
Implementation of BEE: a real-time large-scale hardware emulation engine

This paper describes the hardware implementation of a real-time, large-scale, multi-chip FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based emulation engine with a capacity of 10 million ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) equivalent gates. Attainable system operation frequency can exceed 60 MHz, and the system throughput has been empirically verified to achieve 600 billion 16-bit additions per second. The emulator is custom designed to maximize the performance and resource utilization for a range of telecommunication and digital signal processing applications. With its high-speed interconnect architecture and large external I/O bandwidth, the emulator excels in prototyping real-time systems that have strict timing, logic capacity, and data rate requirements. Our development efforts are guided by such ongoing projects as ultra-wide band (UWB) and multi-channel-multi-antenna (MCMA) radio systems research.