cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local Alignment Tool Based on Hadoop Framework and GPU Architecture

With the rapid growth of next generation sequencing technologies, such as Slex, more and more data have been discovered and published. To analyze such huge data the computational performance is an important issue. Recently, many tools, such as SOAP, have been implemented on Hadoop and GPU parallel computing architectures. BLASTP is an important tool, implemented on GPU architectures, for biologists to compare protein sequences. To deal with the big biology data, it is hard to rely on single GPU. Therefore, we implement a distributed BLASTP by combining Hadoop and multi-GPUs. The experimental results present that the proposed method can improve the performance of BLASTP on single GPU, and also it can achieve high availability and fault tolerance.
Laser cooling of solids by stimulated Raman scattering and fluorescence

A new method is analyzed for 3-D cooling of solids based on near-resonant, stimulated Raman scattering on a narrowband transition together with optical pumping on a broadband transition. Estimates of achievable cooling rates indicate that Raman cooling offers significant improvement over anti-Stkes fluorescence cooling at cryogenic temperatures and should enable the attainment of sub-Kelvin termperatures, starting from ambient conditions in bulk samples. Also the method is not restricted to ions with small Stokes shifts, and should therefore lead to diversification of the material platforms used for optical refrigeration.
Acid-induced aggregation of human monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2: molecular mechanism and the effect of solution composition.

The prevention of aggregation in therapeutic antibodies is of great importance to the biopharmaceutical industry. In our investigation, acid-induced aggregation of monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies was studied at pH 3.5 as a function of salt concentration and buffer type. The extent of aggregation was estimated using a native cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) method based on the loss of soluble monomer. This approach allowed quantitative analysis of antibody aggregation kinetics for individual and mixed protein solutions. Information regarding the aggregation mechanism was gained by assessing stabilities of intact antibodies relative to their Fc and Fab fragments. The role of protein thermodynamic stability in aggregation was deduced from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The rate of aggregation under conditions mimicking the viral inactivation step during monoclonal antibody (mAb) processing was found to be strongly dependent on the antibody subclass (IgG1 vs IgG2). At 25 °C, IgG1s were resis...
Plane Wave Source Composition: An Accurate Phase Encoding Scheme For Prestack Migration

Wave equation based shot profile migration can produce higher quality images than Kirchhoff type methods. However, the high costs largely limit their production use. The cost of a complete wave equation shot profile migration equals the cost of migrating a single shot times the number of shots migrated. Thus, methods to reduce the number of migrations required for a complete experiment while preserving the image quality are as significant as those that increase the efficiency for each migration. One way to increase the efficiency of shot migration is to extrapolate the linearly combined wavefields from multiple shots together. However, special treatment is needed to take care of the cross-term artifacts, which are generated in applying the imaging condition. This technique is generally called phase encoding. Plane-wave source migration is one such method to reduce the number of migrations. In this paper, we demonstrate the concept of plane-wave source composition from the phase encoding point of view. We will show that plane wave source composition is a specific phase encoding technique in shot profile migration. This study demonstrates a systematic error analysis for the plane wave source approximation in migration. This offers the possibility of applying different composing schemes in each migration. We can show that this approach can generate results nearly equivalent to those of shot profile migration. Numerical tests on the Marmousi model and others prove the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
The C Termini of Arabidopsis Cryptochromes Mediate a Constitutive Light Response

Abstract Cryptochrome blue light photoreceptors share sequence similarity to photolyases, flavoproteins that mediate light-dependent DNA repair. However, cryptochromes lack photolyase activity and are characterized by distinguishing C-terminal domains. Here we show that the signaling mechanism of Arabidopsis cryptochrome is mediated through the C terminus. On fusion with β-glucuronidase (GUS), both the Arabidopsis CRY1 C-terminal domain (CCT1) and the CRY2 C-terminal domain (CCT2) mediate a constitutive light response. This constitutive photomorphogenic (COP) phenotype was not observed for mutants of cct1 corresponding to previously described cry1 alleles. We propose that the C-terminal domain of Arabidopsis cryptochrome is maintained in an inactive state in the dark. Irradiation with blue light relieves this repression, presumably through an intra- or intermolecular redox reaction mediated through the flavin bound to the N-terminal photolyase-like domain.
Photoinduction of Flower Identity in Vegetatively Biased Primordia

Far-red light and long photoperiods promote flowering in Arabidopsis. We report here that when 30-day-old vegetative plants were induced with a continuous light treatment enriched in far-red light, flowers developed directly from previously initiated primordia. Specifically, plants induced with our continuous incandescent-enriched (CI) treatment produced an average of two primary-axis nodes with a leaf/flower phenotype, indicating that approximately two leaf/paraclade primordia per plant produced an individual flower from tissue that typically would differentiate into a paraclade (secondary inflorescence). Assays for APETALA1::β-glucuronidase activity during the CI photoinduction treatment indicated that the floral meristem identity gene APETALA1 was transcriptionally activated in primordia with a leaf/paraclade bias and in primordia committed to leaf/paraclade development. APETALA1::β-glucuronidase activity levels were initially highest in young primordia but were not correlated strictly with primordium fate. These results indicate that primordium fate can be modified after primordium initiation and that developing primordia respond quantitatively to floral induction signals.
Agency-Based Male Sex Work: A Descriptive Focus on Physical, Personal, and Social Space.

Thirty male sex workers (MSWs) from a single agency participated in a qualitative interview about social and occupational aspects of their lives. MSWs established physical (defined areas where clients were not invited) and psychological (limitations of relationship with clients, other escorts, and the agency manager) boundaries to construct personal and professional space regarding sex work. Physical and psychological boundaries often were blended (e.g., bringing friends/family to the agency, utilizing the agency as a “drop-in community center”). The agency further mitigated negative aspects of sex work by providing job training, social support, stigma management, and dual-use space. Actors co-created a context wherein business could be conducted while meeting MSWs' psychosocial needs.
Phenobarbital induction of detoxifying enzymes in resistant and susceptible houseflies

Abstract Houseflies, Musca domestica , L., were treated with the drugs phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene to study the effects of these compounds as inducing agents of the microsomal oxidases, heptachlor epoxidase, and p -nitroanisole O -demethylase, and of DDT-dehydrochlorinase. Phenobarbital was active when applied by injection or as part of the diet but inactive when topically applied. The resulting increases in heptachlor epoxidase activity were as much as 25-fold that of the untreated controls. The net increase in enzyme activity after phenobarbital treatment was greater in an insecticide-susceptible strain, WHO-SRS strain, than in a carbamate-resistant strain. However, the phenobarbital induced increases in DDT-dehydrochlorinase were greater, about 2-fold, in the resistant strains than in the susceptible strain. The optimum dose for phenobarbital was 1% in the diet for a period of 3 days. None of the treatments with 3-MC, feeding, injection, exposure to residues, or topical, were effective in induction.
Effects of Light Intensity on Leghorn Pullets During the Development and Laying Periods

Abstract THE possibility that light intensity affects laying hens has been recognized for many years. Fairbanks (1924) determined that from 0.8 to 1.0 foot candle (f.c.) of light was necessary on the floor for hens to actively feed. Roberts and Carver (1941) and Dobie et al. (1946) found that if hens had 13 hours of light per day, varying light intensity from 1.0 to 31.3 f.c. had no effect on egg production; and Nicholas et al. (1944) observed no effects due to varying intensities from 0.5 to 38.0 f.c. on the floor with 0 to 27 f.c. on the roosting perches. Ostrander et al. (1960) reported no advantage from supplying high intensity light in pens of laying hens. Platt (1953) found that supplementing natural light with 4 hours of dim red light stimulated winter egg production and that using 8 hours of supplemental dim red light stimulated maximum production. Morris and…
Measurement and modeling of high-performance lateral p-i-n photodetectors

Laterial p-i-n photodiodes have been produced in a standard, unmodified commercial GaAs integrated circuit process (Vitesse Semiconductor Inc. HGaAs IV and V). The devices were modelled using the MEDICI simulation package, achieving a very good fit to both capacitance and DC light response measuremnts. The simulation recreated an interesting feature of the devices, wherein the detectors go from a low-performance to high-performance regime abruptly at a specific reverse bias. An analysis of the simulated behavior of the depletion region in the nominally intrinsic region of the device provided a partial answer to the physics behind this bias point. A second generation of devices of different geometries was fabricated and tested. The newer fabrication process showed a lower performance transition (~0.6 V) than the previous process (~4 V) for an identical layout geometry. Preliminary high-speed measurements of the newer devices are quite encouraging.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Receptor downregulation and desensitization enhance the information processing ability of signalling receptors

Background In addition to initiating signaling events, the activation of cell surface receptors also triggers regulatory processes that restrict the duration of signaling. Acute attenuation of signaling can be accomplished either via ligand-induced internalization of receptors (endocytic downregulation) or via ligand-induced receptor desensitization. These phenomena have traditionally been viewed in the context of adaptation wherein the receptor system enters a refractory state in the presence of sustained ligand stimuli and thereby prevents the cell from over-responding to the ligand. Here we use the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) as model systems to respectively examine the effects of downregulation and desensitization on the ability of signaling receptors to decode time-varying ligand stimuli.
7,9-Dichloro-6H,12H-indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione.

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H6Cl2N2O2. The conjugated four-ring system is essentially planar in each mol­ecule [maximum deviation = 0.089 (2) A]. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯·N inter­actions help to stabilize the packing.
The psychological vs. the ethological rat: Two views of the poison avoidance behavior of the rat compared

In rebuttal to the above comments on our paper (Mitchell, Scott, & Mitchell, 1977), I would first like to clarify the fundamental differences between my view and that of my adversaries. To do so, I will first outline the pertinent characteristics of each view. I will then briefly compare the two views and finish with specific comments on the present objections to my conclusions raised by my adversaries. As I see them, our theoretical differences are best exemplified by our two views of the rat; the psychological vs. the ethological rat.
Flexible, Polymer-Supported, Si Wire Array Photoelectrodes

Arrays of oriented, crystalline Si wires are transferred into flexible, transparent polymer films. The polymer-supported Si wire arrays in liquid-junction photoelectrochemical cells yield current-potential behavior similar to the Si wires attached to the brittle growth substrate. These systems offer the potential for attaining high solar energy-conversion efficiencies using modest diffusion length, readily grown, crystalline Si in a flexible, processable form.
Pemphigoid gestationis—response to chemical oophorectomy with goserelin

Summary A 46-year-old Caucasian female presented in January 1991 with a 17-year history of severe pemphigoid gestationis. She had been on systemic steroids for 10 years since her last pregnancy in 1981 and required doses of 20–80 mg prednisolone daily to control her disease. A chemical oophorectomy was induced using a new lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue known as goserelin. A complete remission occurred within 6 months of initiating this treatment and the systemic steroids were discontinued.
On the relationship between batch means, overlapping means and spectral estimation

The conventional method of batch means and the overlapping batch means approach of Meketon and Schmeiser are related to spectral estimation via the time averaging of subsequence periodograms. It is shown that most of the reduction in the variance of the variance estimate can be achieved with modest amounts of overlapping. This may have practical implications because of the large number of batches required for the statistical test of lack of correlation. and the usual practice of rebatching the data after this test is passed.
Technology Transfer Analysis in the Italian National Research Council

This paper analyses the technology transfer (t.t.) in the nine Cnr research Institutes located in Piedmont, a highly industrialised region of the north-west of Italy. Some taxonomic criterions are used for classifying the t.t. In particularly we have two main types of actions from research structures: (A) Market-oriented technology transfer split into: strict sense and wide sense of the term. (B) Education-oriented technology transfer (training and teaching activities i.e. not generated ‘financial revenues’). It is measured using physical quantities (for example, number of subjects, number of contacts, etc.). The correlation of outcomes shows that, if we consider as value of t.t. activity the ‘financial revenues’ (market-oriented technological transfer), the best Institutes are those operating in the technological area; instead, if we use, as indicator of t.t. activity, the number of external courses and the number of personnel trained (education-oriented technological transfer), the ranking changes to favour non-technological research institutes. Moreover, spatial dynamics of technology transfer are investigated; in particular, we verified whether the propagation of technology follows the Hagerstrand proximity-effect and finally the causes when these effects do not function.
Heart accelerators and decelerators in the nervous system of Periplaneta americana (L.)

Abstract Several, possibly six, factors having an accelerator action on the isolated heart were extracted in ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate-ethanol mixtures, and ethanol from the corpora cardiaca-allata of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). Another accelerator, soluble in saline solutions, was found in all neural structures examined. Factors, perhaps five in number, that caused heart deceleration also were found by the same solvent extraction method in the supraoesophageal, suboesophageal, and ventral cord ganglia. The discovery of two classes of factors with opposite actions on the heart provides a basis for suggesting that these agents are neurohormones for antagonistic control of muscle activity.
Integrin clustering mechanisms explored with a soluble αIIbβ3 ectodomain construct

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that residues critical for ligand- and temperature-induced clustering of integrin αIIbβ3 are present on its extracellular domain. Sucrose density gradient sedimentation was used to examine the effects of ligand-mimetic peptides and physiological temperature on the oligomeric state of a soluble recombinant ectodomain variant of the αIIbβ3 integrin, αIIbΔ962β3Δ692, and its full-length counterpart. Both the ectodomain construct, isolated from High Five insect cell culture supernatants, and αIIbβ3, isolated from human blood platelets, exhibited similar weight-average sedimentation coefficients at 23 °C, in the absence and presence of the ligand-mimetic peptide eptifibatide. These observations indicate that αIIbβ3's ectodomain exhibits a similar extended conformation in both its free and ligand-bound states. Oligomerization was examined by incubation of both αIIbΔ962β3Δ692 and full-length receptors at 37 °C, in the presence or absence of ligand-mimetic. Minimal oligomerization was observed with αIIbΔ962β3Δ692. In contrast, full-length αIIbβ3 exhibited substantial temperature-induced increases in its distribution of sedimenting species, indicative of thermal aggregation. These observations suggest that optimum oligomerization requires the participation of the integrin's transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. In vivo, clustering of ligand-bound integrins may enhance signaling by increasing the local concentration of intracellular integrin-associated proteins.
Energy Analysis of Hardware and Software Range Partitioning

Data partitioning is a critical operation for manipulating large datasets because it subdivides tasks into pieces that are more amenable to efficient processing. It is often the limiting factor in database performance and represents a significant fraction of the overall runtime of large data queries. This article measures the performance and energy of state-of-the-art software partitioners, and describes and evaluates a hardware range partitioner that further improves efficiency.The software implementation is broken into two phases, allowing separate analysis of the partition function computation and data shuffling costs. Although range partitioning is commonly thought to be more expensive than simpler strategies such as hash partitioning, our measurements indicate that careful data movement and optimization of the partition function can allow it to approach the throughput and energy consumption of hash or radix partitioning.For further acceleration, we describe a hardware range partitioner, or HARP, a streaming framework that offers a seamless execution environment for this and other streaming accelerators, and a detailed analysis of a 32nm physical design that matches the throughput of four to eight software threads while consuming just 6.9p of the area and 4.3p of the power of a Xeon core in the same technology generation.
Self-trapping of one-dimensional and two-dimensional optical beams and induced waveguides in photorefractive KNbO(3).

We demonstrate self-trapping of one-dimensional and two-dimensional optical beams in a photorefractive KNbO3 crystal. We study the waveguides induced by the self-trapped beams for prospective applications of tunable nonlinear frequency conversion in soliton-induced waveguides.
Role of schools of public health in the development of mental health manpower

This paper presents research findings on the perceptions of graduates of accredited schools of public health to the mental health training they received and to the place of mental health in public health work. The data reveal the extent of exposure to mental health in public health training and the limited impact of this training in schools of public health on the production of mental health manpower and public health workers capable of performing mental health functions. Policy considerations for strengthening mental health in public health training are suggested.
A new method for synchronization of motion capture and plantar pressure data

A common plantar pressure analysis technique requires dividing the pressure distribution into regions based on key landmarks of the foot. Typically, this is done using visual inspection of the footprint and is subject to error when there is abnormal foot contact. A novel, robust method of synchronizing motion capture and plantar pressure data was created that allows for motion capture markers to be projected onto the plantar pressure mat for accurate subdivision of the foot. Validation studies showed that spatial synchronization of the plantar pressure and motion capture systems was determined to be accurate within 1 sensel.
STACS: Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies

The thermal balance of the earth is maintained by a transport of heat from the tropics, where incoming solar radiation exceeds outgoing radiation, to middle and high latitudes, where outgoing radiation exceeds incoming radiation. Previously, it was believed that this transport occurred primarily in the atmosphere. Recent results [Vonder Haar and Oort, 1973; Oort and Vonder Haar, 1976; Hastenrath, 1980] indicate that the atmospheric transport is indeed dominant at high latitudes, but that the oceanic component is responsible for most of the transport out of the tropics.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of human object recognition processing: an integrated high-density electrical mapping and functional imaging study of "closure" processes.

Abstract Humans are capable of recognizing objects, often despite highly adverse viewing conditions (e.g., occlusion). The term “perceptual closure” has been used to refer to the neural processes responsible for “filling-in” missing information in the visual image under such conditions. Closure phenomena have been linked to a group of object recognition areas, the so-called lateral–occipital complex (LOC). Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of perceptual closure processes by coregistering data from high-density electrical recordings (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects participated in a perceptual closure task. Subjects were presented with highly fragmented images and control scrambled images. Fragmented images were calibrated to be ‘just’ recognizable as objects (that is, perceptual closure was necessary), whereas the scrambled images were unrecognizable. Comparison of responses to these two stimulus classes revealed the neural processes underlying perceptual closure. fMRI revealed an object recognition system that mediates these closure processes, the core of which consists of the LOC regions. ERP recordings resulted in the well-characterized N CL component (for negativity associated with closure), a robust relative negativity over bilateral occipito-temporal scalp that occurs in the 230–400 ms timeframe. Our investigations further revealed an extended network of dorsal and frontal regions, also involved in perceptual closure processes. Inverse source analysis showed that the major generators of N CL localized to the identical regions within LOC revealed by the fMRI recordings and detailed the temporal dynamics across these LOC regions including interactions between LOC and these other nodes of the object recognition circuit.
Effects of deferrioxamine on iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation

Abstract The kinetics of iron binding by deferrioxamine B mesylate and the ramifications of this process upon ironcatalyzed lipid peroxidation were assessed. The relative rates of Fe(III) binding by deferrioxamine varied for the chelators tested as follows: ADP > AMP > citrate > histidine > EDTA. The addition of a fivefold molar excess of deferrioxamine to that of Fe(III) did not result in complete binding (within 10 min) for any of the Fe(III) chelates tested except ADP:Fe(III). The rates of Fe(III) binding by deferrioxamine were greater at lower pH and when the competing chelator concentration was high in relationship to iron. The relatively slow binding of Fe(III) by deferrioxamine also affected lipid peroxidation, an iron-dependent process. The addition of deferrioxamine to an ascorbate- and ADP:Fe(III)-dependent lipid peroxidation system resulted in a time-dependent inhibition or stimulation of malondialdehyde formation (i.e., lipid peroxidation), depending on the ratio of deferrioxamine to iron. Converse to Fe(III), the rates of Fe(II) binding by deferrioxamine from the chelators tested above were rapid and complete (within 1 min), and resulted in the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Lipid peroxidation dependent on Fe(II) autoxidation was stimulated by the addition of deferrioxamine. Malondialdehyde formation in this system was inhibited by the addition of catalase, and a similar extent of lipid peroxidation was achieved by substituting hydrogen peroxide for deferrioxamine. Collectively, these results suggest that the kinetics of Fe(III) binding by deferrioxamine is a slow, variable process, whereas Fe(II) binding is considerably faster. The binding of either valence of iron by deferrioxamine may result in variable effects on iron-catalyzed processes, such as lipid peroxidation, either via slow binding of Fe(III) or the rapid binding of Fe(II) with concomitant Fe(II) oxidation.
Mortality among Hispanics in metropolitan Chicago: an examination based on vital statistics data.

Abstract This paper analyzes the mortality of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans residing in the Chicago metropolitan area. In a comparison of these two groups with nonHispanic whites in the same area, it was found that Hispanic mortality is unusually low for the two leading causes of death in the mainstream U.S. population. Explanations discussed include underdiagnosis, underreporting of illness, the “healthy migrant” thesis and possible return migration of elderly ill.
Follow-Up of Abnormal Pap Smears Among Incarcerated Women

Risk factors for cervical cancer are endemic among incarcerated women, and brief incarcerations make follow-up a challenge. This article describes Pap smear results and follow-up evaluations among ...
Diagnosis of mandibular fractures by auscultation with percussion

Abstract The auscultation-percussion diagnostic test for fractures of the mandible is presented. The presence of a fracture of the mandible can be determined by its properties as a sound conductor. A stethoscope is placed firmly over the symphysis, and then the areas over the right and left zygomas, condyles, and angles are struck lightly with a finger. The sound of the blow is conducted downward through the bony substance of the mandible. Since transmission of sound through dense bone is more efficient than through less dense soft tissue, any break in the bony column will result in a decrease in the transmission of the sound. Comment is made on the simplicity and value of this diagnostic aid. The factors involved in its execution are discussed.
Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones, 1974: Part 1

Abstract This report, in two parts, consists of: 1) A summary of the statistics of the 1974 tropical cyclone activity in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Storm tracks and activity tables comparing recent years are included. 2) A satellite picture analysis of individual storms and a sequence of daily pictures of eastern North Pacific hurricanes of the 1974 season.
Amniotic Fluid Concentrations of Renin and Aldosterone during Development in the Fetal Sheep

Summary: Simultaneous plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were measured in the chronically catheterized fetal lamb and pregnant ewe between 100 days gestation and term (140 to 150 days). Amniotic fluid renin levels were not statistically different after the addition of sheep renin substrate [0.76 ± 0.18 ng/ml/hr (mean and S.E.) under 120 days and 1.33 ± 0.29 after 125 days]. Amniotic fluid renin levels were unmeasurable without the addition of renin substrate. Basal plasma renin activity levels increased from 4.27 ± 0.66 ng/ml/hr (P < 0.01) (mean and S.E.) between 95 to 120 days of gestation in the fetal lamb to 10.14 ± 1.46 between 125 to 150 days; these levels were greater than the amniotic fluid levels (P < 0.001). Basal plasma renin activity levels in the pregnant ewe increased from 2.61 ± 0.40 ng/ml/hr under 120 days of gestation to 7.13 ± 1.41 (P < 0.01) after 125 days; these levels were greater than the simultaneous amniotic fluid levels (P < 0.001).
Concerning the Nature of Radio Fade-Out

Radio fade-outs in the Earth's sunlit hemisphere coincident with bright solar chromospheric eruptions are examined by means of vertical-incidence recording of ionospheric echoes with a wide range multifrequency technique. It is concluded from the series of observations examined that a fade-out is best described as an upward projection of the lower or absorption limit of echo-return, and that the fade-out is caused by intense absorption of ionizing radiation, emanating from bright chromospheric eruptions, at the base of, or below, the $E$ region, that is, below the 110-km level. It is shown that no appreciable absorption of chromospheric-eruption radiation takes place at levels higher than that of the $E$ region; therefore, a process of selective absorption must operate. Since the principal geomagnetic effect associated with fade-outs is an augmentation of the diurnal variation of terrestrial magnetism, it appears that only the Stewart-Schuster "atmospheric-dynamo" theory of diurnal variation is possible under the restrictions imposed by these observations.
Latino families report lower child injury rates than white families

Latino children have lower visit rates to emergency departments and primary care physicians than white children in the USA. Using a nationally representative household survey, this study asked whether parental report of injury was also lower for Latino children, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health status and health care access factors. Data were obtained on injuries for which medical advice or treatment was received from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 to 2003. Using the multistage probability design of NHIS, annual rates and adjusted odds of childhood injury report by race and ethnicity were calculated. Respondents reported lower rates of injury for Latino children (6.0 (95% CI 5.3–6.8)/100 person-years) than white children (13.4 (12.7–14.2)/100 person-years). Lower injury rates were mainly due to lower rates of sports injuries and accidental falls. Latino children had lower odds of reported injury than white children, even after adjusting for multiple factors (od...
Frequency-dependent response of pinned charge-density-wave condensates: Classical versus quantum description.

Frequency-dependent conductivity measurements are reported in the charge-density-wave state of ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ alloys at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. For increasing impurity concentration, the pinning frequency of the charge-density-wave collective response increases sharply while the damping of the response remains constant. Although both the classical and quantum tunneling models describe the small-amplitude ac response of the pure materials for \ensuremath{\omega}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathrm{p}}$, our results clearly support a classical oscillator response for \ensuremath{\omega}g${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathrm{p}}$ and for the alloys.
Patient Infusion Pattern based Access Control Schemes for Wireless Insulin Pump System

Wireless insulin pumps have been widely deployed in hospitals and home healthcare systems. Most of them have limited security mechanisms embedded to protect them from malicious attacks. In this paper, two attacks against insulin pump systems via wireless links are investigated: a single acute overdose with a significant amount of medication and a chronic overdose with a small amount of extra medication over a long time period. They can be launched unobtrusively and may jeopardize patients’ lives. It is very urgent to protect patients from these attacks. We propose a novel personalized patient infusion pattern based access control scheme (PIPAC) for wireless insulin pumps. This scheme employs supervised learning approaches to learn normal patient infusion patterns in terms of the dosage amount, rate, and time of infusion, which are automatically recorded in insulin pump logs. The generated regression models are used to dynamically configure a safe infusion range for abnormal infusion identification. This model includes two sub models for bolus (one type of insulin) abnormal dosage detection and basal abnormal rate detection. The proposed algorithms are evaluated with real insulin pump. The evaluation results demonstrate that our scheme is able to detect the two attacks with a very high success rate.
The Miskitu People of Awastara

'Most anthropologists who have lived among other people ...feel a periodic need to go back,' writes Philip A. Dennis in the introduction to this book. 'Fieldwork gives you a stake in the people themselves, a set of relationships that last the rest of your life ...and when the time is right, it is important to go back'. Dennis first journeyed to Awastara, a village on the northeastern coast of Nicaragua, during 1978-1979 as a postdoctoral student. He had come to study a culture-bound syndrome in which young women are possessed by devils. In the process, he became fascinated by other aspects of Miskitu culture - turtle fishing, Miskitu Christianity, community development efforts - the whole pattern of Miskitu community life. He also formed deep friendships to carry into the future. Twenty years later, he was able to return and continue his ethnographic work.Utilizing ideas from recent interpretive anthropology and a vivid writing style, Dennis describes food habits, language, health practices, religious beliefs, and storytelling, inviting the reader to experience life in Awastara along with him.Building upon earlier work by Mary Helms, Bernard Nietschmann, Edmund Gordon, and Charles Hale, "The Miskitu People of Awastara" makes its own original contribution. It is the first full-length study of a coastal Miskitu community north of Puerto Cabezas, contrasting life before and after the war years of the 1980s. It will be a valuable addition to the literature on this indigenous group and should appeal to anthropologists and other social scientists, as well as all readers interested in peoples of the Caribbean coast.
A distance metric between directed weighted graphs

Directed weighted graphs are increasingly used to model complex systems and interactions, such as networks of interconnected physical or biological subsystems. The analysis of these graphs often requires some form of dissimilarity, or distance measure to compare graphs. In this paper, we extend connectivity-based dissimilarity measures previously used to compare unweighted undirected graphs of the same dimensions to: (1) directed weighted graphs of the same dimensions and (2) directed weighted graphs of different dimensions. To our knowledge, this is the first approach proposed for comparing two graphs containing different numbers of nodes. We derive the conditions under which this dissimilarity measure is a pseudo-metric. This derivation provides new insights on our algorithms (previously proposed) for the graph aggregation optimization problem.
Push-pull effect of surround illumination on excitatory and inhibitory inputs to mudpuppy retinal ganglion cells

1. Changes in membrane potential and conductance were measured in on-centre and off-centre ganglion cells during the responses to illumination of different portions of the receptive field. 2. In on-centre ganglion cells the sustained depolarizing response to steady illumination of the receptive field centre was associated with a net increase in conductance. In the presence of centre illumination, stimulation of the surround with an annulus of light caused a hyperpolarization and a net decrease in conductance, and the reversal potential of the light-evoked response was shifted in a negative direction. In the absence of centre illumination the same annular stimulus caused a hyperpolarization and a net increase in conductance. 3. In off-centre ganglion cells the sustained hyperpolarizing response to centre illumination was associated with a net increase in conductance. In the presence of centre illumination, stimulation of the surround with an annulus caused a depolarization and a net decrease in conductance, and the reversal potential of the light-evoked response was shifted in a positive direction. In the absence of centre illumination the same annulus caused a depolarization and a net increase in conductance. 4. The results indicate that illumination of the receptive field surround can affect both the excitatory and inhibitory sustained inputs to a given ganglion cell in a 'push-pull' manner, by decreasing the synaptic input that was increased by centre illumination and increasing the synaptic input of opposite sign. The relative effect of a given surround illumination on these two inputs, and hence the sign and magnitude of the net conductance change, varied with the amount of centre illumination.
Traffic speed forecasting by mixture of experts

Traffic speed is one of the most important quantities for travel information systems. Accurate speed forecasting can help in trip planning by allowing travelers to avoid the congested routes, either by choosing the alternative routes or by changing the departure time. It is also helpful for traffic monitoring, control, and planning. An important feature of traffic is that it consists of free flow and congested regimes, which have significantly different properties. Training a single traffic speed predictor for both regimes typically results in suboptimal accuracy. To address this problem, a mixture of experts algorithm which consists of two regime-specific linear predictors and a decision tree gating function was developed. A generalized expectation maximization algorithm was used to train the linear predictors and the decision tree. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on a 5-mile stretch of I35 highway in Minneapolis containing 10 single loop detector stations, with prediction horizons ranging from 5 minutes to one hour ahead. Experimental results showed that mixture of experts approach outperforms several popular benchmark approaches.
Voting Behavior of Metropolitan Congressmen: Prospects for Changes with Reapportionment

T HIS IS AN ANALYSIS of the choices made on roll calls by 180 members of the U.S. House of Representatives during the 88th Congress. These Congressmen came from 48 of the largest metropolitan areas in the country. The "metropolitan Congressmen" warrant attention because they comprise a large proportion of the House membership, and this proportion is likely to increase with the combined effects of continued urbanization and Congressional reapportionment. Despite their significance during the current concern with legislative apportionment, however, metropolitan Congressmen have not been the subjects of intensive bloc analysis. There are several unresolved controversies about the orientations of urban and rural legislators. Much of the dispute surrounding reapportionment assumes distinct urban or rural inclinations among legislators who are from markedly urban or rural constituencies. Although studies of state legislatures do not have direct relevance for this study of the United States Congress, three of them have cast doubt on the assumptions about urban and rural legislators. Derge finds no pronounced urban-rural antagonisms in the voting records of metropolitan and outstate representatives in the legislatures of Illinois and Missouri.' Jacob, and Dye-in separate studies-conclude that the degree of equity in the apportionment scheme (with respect to urban and rural voters) shows no significant relationship with the nature of policies enacted by state legislatures.2
Baboon sleeping site preferences and relationships to primate grouping patterns

Baboons choose sleeping sites in the following descending order of preference: (1) steep cliff faces and caves, (2) taller emerging trees in continuous forests, (3) the canopy of contiguous forest without emerging trees, and (4) open woodland trees. Choice of sleeping sites in an order appearing to agree with degree of inaccessibility to most predators suggests the hypothesis that predation avoidance is the major basis for use and choice of particular sleeping sites. If this preference order for kinds of sleeping sites is applicable to other large primates, it suggests that spacing of adequate sleeping sites relative to the distribution and density of food resources is one factor contributing to group size and possibly other features of primate social structure. The relatively even distribution of numerous adequate sleeping sites in tropical forests may be one factor permitting evolution of small social units. By contrast, sparse distribution of sleeping sites relative to resource field may permit the development of large social groups.
Emissions from Biomass in a Rotary Dryer

Abstract Air emissions can be a limiting factor in obtaining the required permits to operate a plant when biomass is dried prior to further processing. Aged ponderosa pine, fresh ponderosa pine, Do...
Low Voltage Positive Ion Source

A positive ion source of the low voltage constricted arc type, which yields intense positive ion beams with small gas pumping, is described. Ion currents up to 4.3 milliamperes have been obtained using a probe canal 6 mm long and 1 mm in diameter. Magnetic analysis, when the arc was operated in hydrogen, showed a maximum of 15 to 20 percent protons.
The Mesoscale Interaction of a Lake Breeze and Low Level Outflow from a Thunderstorm

Abstract In the summer of 1964 a program was initiated to observe physical and dynamical characteristics of the lake breeze at a site on the eastern side of Lake Michigan. Lake breeze development and progress inland was observed by periodic pilot balloon measurements in a vertical plane perpendicular to the lakeshore. During the afternoon of 22 July, while the lake breeze was still intensifying, a thunderstorm crossed the line of observing stations. Low level outflow from the thunderstorm displaced the lake breeze and dominated the local flow regime for more than two hours after outflow was first observed. The development and interaction of the lake breeze and thunderstorm flow patterns are shown through an analysis of the wind component normal to the shoreline. A significant feature of this lake breeze system, as of others to be reported on more fully later, is the occurrence of a pronounced return current aloft. Such strong return current are not often found above sea breezes.
Medical-surgical nursing at the 86th Combat Support Hospital (2007-2009) in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom: caring for host nation patients.

ABSTRACTA descriptive study of the patients admitted to the host nation intermediate care ward (ICW) of the 86th Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq was performed. A retrospective chart review was conducted of the patients admitted to the host nation ward between June 2 and September 5, 2008. One hundred and forty host nation patients were included in the study. Patient demographics, origin of admission, length of stay, and disposition of patient are reported. The types of illnesses and injuries most commonly seen as well as the most common surgical procedures are also reported. This study details the nursing care provided to host nation armed forces and civilians during a 3-month period of the deployment of the 86th CSH in Baghdad, Iraq. Information gained from this study is important for predeployment training and readiness of nurses preparing to deploy to Iraq.
Corrigendum to: “Adrenomedullin, endothelin, neuropeptide Y, atrial, brain, and C-natriuretic prohormone peptides compared as early heart failure indicators” [Cardiovascular Research 36 (1997) 246–255]

Fig. 1 of the article by Daggubati et al. in Cardiovascular Research 1997;36:246-255 was inadvertently the plotted values for high performance gel permeation chromatography (HP-GPC) of healthy individuals rather than the plotted values of patients with congestive heart failure as shown overleaf. Fig. 1 High-performance gel permeation chromatography evidence that (A) atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone (proANP) 1–30, (B) atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone (proANP) 31–67, (C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and (D) …
A wind tunnel investigation of freezing of small water drops falling at terminal velocity in air

A method utilizing a vertical wind tunnel is described, by which supercooled water drops and ice particles can be stably suspended at temperatures between 0 and −30°C. Using this method, we studied: (i) the freezing temperature of water drops of various purity and volume, (ii) the freezing temperature of drops nucleated by contact with dry clay particles and the freezing temperature of drops nucleated by clay particles which were suspended in them, (iii) the crystallographic characteristics of frozen drops, and (iv) the free fall motion of supercooled drops and frozen drops freely suspended in air. The first study showed that the median freezing temperature of a population of equal size water drops is a linear function of the logarithm of the drop volume, in agreement with the law found by Bigg for water drops in oil. The second study showed that the temperature at which a drop froze when nucleated by contact with dry clay particles was over 10°C warmer than the temperature at which a drop of the same size froze when nucleated by clay particles suspended within the drop. The third study showed that frozen drops, recovered from the wind tunnel airstream and investigated under a polarization microscope, were single crystalline or polycrystalline depending on the drop volume, the temperature of freezing, and the heat dissipative capability of the medium surrounding the drop. The lowest temperature for single crystalline freezing is significantly colder for drops which freeze while completely surrounded by air than for drops which freeze on contact with an ice crystal. The fourth study showed that a supercooled drop falls with a constant velocity and no horizontal movement, while a frozen drop often spins and tumbles, and falls along a helical path with a terminal velocity which is 6 to 7 per cent smaller than that of the supercooled drop before it froze. This means the life time of a cloud particle lengthens as a result of freezing.
Stimulated Raman and Compton scattering of high energy laser beams in a disturbed ionospheric space plasma environment: linear theory

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONWe have computed the linear growthrates for stimulated Raman scattering andbeam filamentation parametric instabilitiesfor high power radiation beams in adisturbed ionospheric space plasmaenvironment. We have considered both 1pmand 10pm laser radiation and plasmaparameters typical of a disturbedionospheric environment.For both the high and low plasmadensity case we find growth times forstimulated Raman scattering (SRS) to be onthe order of y-1 K 10- 4-10 -3 sec for radiation beams with power densities vo /c 210- with vo the plasma electron quivervelocity and c the speed of light. Thesegrowth times yicld typical e- folding growthlengths L = cy- on the order of 100 km.For disturbed space plasma dimensions on theorder of several thousands of kilometers, itcan be expected that many e- folding lengthswould be present over which SRS can grow.In this case, stimulated Raman scattering ofhigh power beam energy is expected to bestrong with associated degradation in beamquality and propagation. At lower beampower densities vo /c S 10 -5, the growthrates (times) or SRS would becorrespondingly smaller (larger).In addition we have also computed thegrowth rates of another parametric processdriven by the beam, the filamentationinstability. This instability can result inbeam break -up and filamentation due toinhomogeneities in the background plasma obeam.