cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data width requirements in SISO decoding with module normalization

This letter studies the numerical properties of log-MAP-based soft-input soft-output decoding. The ranges of the differences between the path metrics, the soft output, and the complete information are derived. Since the log-MAP algorithm is functionally dependent only upon the differences between path metrics, not their magnitudes, a module normalization technique that is automatically implemented in two's complement arithmetic can be used to accommodate overflow of the path metrics. An expression for the minimum internal data width of a soft-input soft-output decoder that employs the module normalization technique is derived. As an application, the minimum internal data width of a decoder for the turbo code used in third-generation mobile communication systems is determined.
Vector magnitude operation in color vision models: Derivation from signal detection theory

Using the theory of signal detection, we have derived an expression for the detectability of a visual stimulus in terms of the general zone theory of color and brightness vision. This derived relationship elucidates the theoretical foundation of the Guth vector model for color vision by showing that the nonlinear vector magnitude operation used by Guth may arise from the observer decision-making process. Testable predictions of stimulus detectability are generated by the derived expression.
Bone density in the juvenile racehorse treated with exogenous somatotropin (eST).

Abstract Thirty juvenile horses were paired by age within sex, and one horse from each pair was randomly assigned to either eST treatment or to a control group. The horses were “broke” to ride and trained in a regimen typical for young racehorses. Radiographs were taken on days 0, 32, 50, 64, 82, 96 and 128 of the study. Increase in total radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE) was significantly greater in eST treated horses than in the control group (P
AccuPower: An Accurate Power Estimation Tool for Superscalar Microprocessors

This paper describes the AccuPower toolset-a set of simulation tools accurately estimating the power dissipation within a superscalar microprocessor. AccuPower uses a true hardware level and cycle level microarchitectural simulator and energy dissipation coefficients gleaned from SPICE measurements of actual CMOS layouts of critical datapath components. Transition counts can be obtained at the level of bits within data and instruction streams, at the level of registers, or at the level of larger building blocks (such as caches, issue queue, reorder buffer function units). This allows for an accurate estimation of switching activity at any desired level of resolution. The toolsuite implements several variants of superscalar datapath designs in use today and permits the exploration of design choices at the microarchitecture level as well as the circuit level, including the use of voltage and frequency scaling. In particular the AccuPower toolsuite includes detailed implementations of currently used and proposed techniques for energy/power conservations including techniques for data encoding and compression, alternative circuit approaches, dynamic resource allocation and datapath reconfiguration. The microarchitectural simulation components of AccuPower can be used for accurate evaluation of datapath designs in a manner well beyond the scope of the widely-used Simplescalar tools.
Semiconducting Polymers: Poly(thiophenes)

Owing to the excellent optoelectronic properties and ease of synthesis, poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) have been extensively studied as one of the best conjugated semiconducting polymeric materials for organic electronic applications, such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs), bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, and organic light emitting diodes. The asymmetric structure of the 3-alkylthiophene monomer leads to the formation of three different regioisomers due to the different coupling possibilities and generate (P3AT) polymers with different regioregularities, which affect the optoelectronic properties. The current review highlights the evolution of the synthetic methods utilized for the synthesis of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) homopolymer and block copolymers, their charge transport properties, the effects of regioregularity, molecular weight, processing techniques on the charge transport properties, and their applications in OFETs and BHJ solar cells. Keywords: Poly(3-alkythiophens); regioregularity; cross-coupling polymerizations; morphology; charge transport properties; organic field effect transistors; bulk heterojunction solar cells
Effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an agroecosystem

We evaluated the effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an experimental, nonchemical agroecosystem consisting of an apple orchard with intercropped potatoes. The objective was to assess the potential of these domestic bird species as biological control agents. Four insect pests were studied: plum curculio, apple maggot, Japanese beetle, and Colorado potato beetle. Chickens fed on several potential crop pests, including Japanese beetle. Although Japanese beetles were less abundant on apple trees when chickens were present, the proportion of damaged fruit was not reduced. Furthermore, chickens did not affect weed abundance or crop productivity. In contrast, geese were effective weeders. Their activities reduced weed abundance and increased potato plant growth and yields compared with a minimally weeded control. In addition, the activities of geese indirectly reduced apple fruit damage by plum curculio and increased the proportion of pest-free fruit, possibly because removal of vegetation by the geese reduced humidity at the soil surface and therefore reduced the activity of plum curculio.
Characterization of Stridulatory Structures and Sounds of the Larger Mexican Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus approximatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Abstract We report the first description and analysis of acoustic signals and structures in the larger Mexican pine beetle, Dendroctonus approximatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).We recorded acoustic signals during two behavioral contexts, disturbance and male-female interactions. The relationship between size and sound production was assessed by comparing temporal and spectral chirp characteristics with body size and sound-producing organs. During male-female interactions, males first produce the interrupted chirp, a relatively long chirp (x = 214.36 ± 5 ms) interspersed with periods of silence. Once inside female galleries, males switch to a simple chirp. Females produce chirps in response to male acoustic signals and disturbances. For male chirps produced in response to disturbance, frequency was positively correlated with the density of ridges on stridulatory structures and inversely correlated with beetle size characteristics. Small males were more likely to produce high frequency chirps w...
Seizures in the older adult: Misdiagnosis leads to consequences

In the USA, it is estimated that the percentage of citizens aged 65 years and older will rise to 21% of the population by the year 2050 [101]. The group aged 65–84 years is expected to grow over 100% and the group aged 85 years and older will grow almost 400% [101]. These increases dwarf the increases of all other age groups of Americans and similar increases are projected in many other countries. Due to the increase in the number of older adults, there is a greater need for attention to geriatric healthcare. An increase in the number and instances of age-related disorders is predicted. Some of the more common yet unrecognized problems are seizures and epilepsy (the condition of repeated seizures), which are more frequent in older adults than in any other age group. Indeed, after dementia and stroke, seizures and epilepsy are the third most common neurological disorders afflicting older adults [1,101,102]. Approximately 30% of new cases of epilepsy occur in individuals over the age of 65 years [1,101,102]. The incidence of seizures rises for each decade after 60 years, peaking at the age of 80 years and older [1,101,102]. Seizures are an abnormal electrical discharge of the brain and are categorized into two main types: partial and generalized. Partial seizures are defined as episodes in which there is an abnormal electrical discharge of a localized area of the brain, as opposed to a generalized seizure, which suggests bilateral cortical involvement with the electrical discharges. Partial seizures are the most common seizure type noted in older adults. Approximately 50% of seizures in the older adult are of complex partial type. This is followed by simple partial seizures, which account for 20%, and these are defined as seizures that have no impairment of consciousness [1,101,102]. Another 20% have a generalized tonic–clonic seizure, otherwise known as convulsions or grand mal seizures [1,101,102].
Multiple Ischemic Infarctions, Pulmonary Edema, and Acute Renal Failure During an Episode of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in an Adult

The morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often reflects the precipitating events, such as myocardial infarction. However, DKA can trigger a systemic inflammatory response with the potential for multiple complications. This 30-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus improved within 48 hours of admission with a standard DKA treatment protocol. However, subsequent chest X-rays revealed bilateral infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema; she then developed fever, hypotension, and acute-on-chronic renal failure. An altered level of consciousness prompted evaluation with neuroimaging, which revealed ischemic infarcts in the right frontal, parieto-occipital, and temporal cortices and cerebellum correlating with a left-sided hemiparesis. This case illustrates the potential complexity in the pathogenesis and management of patients with DKA. This patient likely had a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with multiorgan failure during this episode of DKA. Patients with DKA n...
Laboratory measurements of infiltration capacity by a double ringed infiltrometer and the Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer

The infiltration capacities (IC) of three different sands were measured repeatedly in a laboratory using a double-ring infiltrometer (DRI) and the Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer (CSI). The study assessed (1) the level of agreement between the infiltrometers, and (2) the reproducibility of values produced by each infiltrometer. The results were inconclusive regarding the agreement of IC measurements: the percentage difference in the mean IC was small for one sand (4%), but larger for the other two (32 and 48%), with the CSI yielding higher values than the DRI in both of these cases. For these latter two sands, the measurements were different at a statistical significance level of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively. Likewise, the results were inconclusive regarding the reproducibility of each instrument. The CSI showed much better reproducibility than the DRI for one sand (relative standard deviations of 7% and 26%, respectively), but slightly worse for the other two (23% and 18%, and 22% and 19%), respectively.
Assessing the proliferation resistance of nuclear fuel cycle systems using a fuzzy logic-based barrier method

The development of a fuzzy logic-based barrier (FLB) method for the evaluation of the proliferation resistance of nuclear fuel cycle systems is described in this paper. The method is based on using a group of system-dependent, measurable, or quantifiable variables to define the proliferation barrier effectiveness of a system as fuzzy numbers. The usefulness of the FLB method and the resulting metric in quantifying the proliferation resistance of fuel cycle systems was also investigated by applying it to three fuel cycles, i.e., light water reactor-once-through, light water reactor with mixed oxide fuel, and direct use of spent pressurized water reactor fuel in CANDU reactor. To address the issue of subjectivity in assigning barrier weighting factors or fuzzy numbers, the sensitivity of the results to the definition of fuzzy numbers and weighting schemes was also investigated.
Crossed congenital hemihypertrophy associated with a Wilms' tumor; report of a case.

A case of crossed congenital hemihypertrophy and Wilms' tumor with a thirteen-year follow-up is presented. The literature is briefly reviewed, the etiology pondered, and the orthopaedic implications discussed.
Assessing the effects of a sexually transmitted disease educational intervention on fraternity and sorority members' knowledge and attitudes toward safe sex behaviors.

Background and purpose College years are a time young adults examine high-risk sexual behaviors, increasing their risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Fraternity/sorority membership has been identified as one factor contributing to increased risky sexual behavior in college students. This study measured the effectiveness of an educational intervention targeting STD prevention in fraternity and sorority members, and examined relationships between STD knowledge, attitudes, and demographics. Methods A descriptive, correlational design was used. Pre- and posttest data were collected from fraternity and sorority members (N = 132). Instruments measured demographic characteristics, STD knowledge, and attitudes toward safe sex behaviors. Conclusions There was a significant increase in STD knowledge from baseline (M = 13.03, SD = 6.5) to 1 week (M = 20.27, SD = 4.9) t (131) = −13.53, p = .000. Males were more likely to report attitudes toward risky sexual behavior rs(132) = .323, p = .000, and as knowledge increased, attitudes became more favorable to safe sex behaviors (pre-STD knowledge and preintervention attitudes, r(132) = −.249, p = .004; post-STD knowledge and postintervention attitudes, rs(132) = −.307, p = .000). Implications for practice Results support that brief STD educational interventions can increase STD knowledge. College health centers must aim to provide sexual health education to all students at every visit.
HETEROZYGOSITY AND HOMOZYGOSITY IN VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE.

SummaryTwo persons believed to be homozygous for v.W.d. and their heterozygous parents were transfused with hemophilia A plasma. The parents showed extensive “new synthesis” of AHF while the childr...
Simulation of agglutinates formation

Micrometeorites that continuously impact on the lunar surface are responsible for creating agglutinates which are uniquely irregular, jagged and high porosity. Due to process of agglutinates formation, the amount of agglutinates in lunar soil can be used to estimate the exposure history of the soil by using a lunar soil evolution model. Using commercially available simulation software called the PFC2D TM , we can simulate the mechanical behavior of a system of particles in general. In the companion paper [1], the lunar agglutinates are simulated using the parallel-bond model which allows us to incorporate the resistance to moment, and the same approach is taken here. In this paper, we study the formation of agglutinates by simulating the initial lunar surface soils with no agglutinates, and then generating small particles ( 5 km/sec for example) impacting the surface lunar soil particles. The kinetic energy associated with an impacting micrometeorite is high enough to fragment/pulverize the coarse particles and the agglutinates and also produce the crater ejecta. In this analysis the equation developed by O’Keefe and Ahrens (1977) is used to estimate the volume of melt.
PO-0367 Formula Intolerance And Orthodox Dietary Laws – A Passover Connexion

Background When neonates and infants are not breastfed or require supplemental feedings, American Academy of Paediatrics recommends iron-supplemented formula. Cow’s milk-based formula can be allergenic; however, this allergic response may be secondary to formula components as opposed to milk. The allergen may be inscrutable leading to false assumptions. In this case, an unusual religious clue solved such mystery. Method Case analysis Results An orthodox Jewish infant initially breastfed was transitioned to formula. Enfamil 4ounces q4hours caused upper respiratory mucus build-up directly post ‘bottle-time’; formula was changed to ProSobee (soy-based) with resolution of ‘formula intolerance.’ At 12 months, cow’s milk was initiated without allergic response. At 15 months, when diet included solid foods, she developed a peri-oral rash temporally associated with meals in her parents’ home and following a meal in another family’s home. Initial assessment revealed no new foods during these meals; however, this new allergy occurred during Passover, with strict dietary laws, suggesting a common new food. Ashkenazi Passover dietary laws preclude kitniyot (legumes, derivatives and associated crops including corn/soybeans/corn oil/soybean oil). Common Passover cooking oils include safflower oil. As both families were Ashkenazi Jews, the apparent common new food was safflower oil used in both homes. Safflower oil is an Enfamil ingredient. The presumptive allergen common to formula and Passover meals was safflower oil. Conclusions Allergen determination may be secondary to fortuitous double exposure. Complete clinical histories need to allow for possible double exposure with willingness to consider cultural, religious, dietary law, and holiday dietary law factors.
Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Tumor Surgery

Detecting positive tumor margins and local malignant masses during surgery is critical for long-term patient survival. The use of image-guided surgery for tumor removal, particularly with near-infrared fluorescent imaging, is a potential method to facilitate removing all neoplastic tissue at the surgical site. In this study we demonstrate a series of hyaluronic acid (HLA)-derived nanoparticles that entrap the near-infrared dye indocyanine green, termed NanoICG, for improved delivery of the dye to tumors. Self-assembly of the nanoparticles was driven by conjugation of one of three hydrophobic moieties: aminopropyl-1-pyrenebutanamide (PBA), aminopropyl-5β-cholanamide (5βCA), or octadecylamine (ODA). Nanoparticle self-assembly, dye loading, and optical properties were characterized. NanoICG exhibited quenched fluorescence that could be activated by disassembly in a mixed solvent. NanoICG was found to be nontoxic at physiologically relevant concentrations and exposure was not found to inhibit cell growth. Usi...
Fluorinated, Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient Polyimides For Interlayer Dielectric Application: Thermal Stability, Refractive Index And High Temperature Modulus Measurements

The mechanical, thermal, electrical and moisture absorption properties of rod-like, fluorinated polyimides and copolyimides developed in our laboratory are briefly reviewed. Further characterization work on the most promising candidates for interlayer dielectric applications is reported. This includes in- and out-of-plane refractive index measurements to estimate the isotropy of the dielectric constant, isothermal TGA measurements to assess thermal stability at processing temperatures and dynamic-mechanical analysis to ascertain the glass transition temperature and the mechanical modulus at temperatures in excess of the glass transition
Right parasternal lead placement increases eligibility for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in adults with congenital heart disease

BACKGROUND The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) provides an attractive option for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) in whom a transvenous defibrillator is contraindicated. Given the unusual cardiac anatomy and repolarization strain, the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is frequently abnormal, potentially increasing the screen failure rate. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively screened 100 adult CHD patients regardless of the presence of clinical indication for ICD utilizing a standard left sternal lead placement, as well as a right parasternal position. Baseline patient and 12-lead ECG characteristics were examined to assess for predictors of screen failure. Average patient age was 48±14 years, average QRS duration was 134±37 ms, and 13 patients were pacemaker dependent. Using the standard left parasternal electrode position, 21 patients failed screening. Of these 21 patients with screen failure, 9 passed screening with the use of right parasternal electrode positioning, reducing screening failure rate from 21% to 12%. QT interval and inverted T wave anywhere in V2-V6 leads were found to be independent predictors of left parasternal screening failure (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Utilization of both left and right parasternal screening should be used in evaluation of CHD patients for S-ICD eligibility. ECG repolarization characteristics were also identified as novel predictors of screening failure in this group. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1328-1335).
Otherwise Occupied: The Complex Relationships Between Gender and College Attendance in Late Adolescence

Few studies have investigated the interactions of gender and social class as they relate to the decision made by adolescent students concerning college attendance, particularly in light of socio-cultural assumptions about men’s and women’s changing roles. We use evidence from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:02) to investigate this complicated relationship, using parent data to establish family socio-economic status. Using participants’ tenth grade answers to questions about their personal values, and their plans and reasons for attending college, we tested whether social class as well as 10th grade values toward family and work functioned differently for male and female students in their path to and enrollment in post-secondary education. Our findings reveal important gender differences in the relative importance of adolescent values in linking to post-secondary educational goals.
Acute appendicitis: transcript profiling of blood identifies promising biomarkers and potential underlying processes

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis can be surprisingly difficult without computed tomography, which carries significant radiation exposure. Circulating blood cells may carry informative changes in their RNA expression profile that would signal internal infection or inflammation of the appendix. Genome-wide expression profiling was applied to whole blood RNA of acute appendicitis patients versus patients with other abdominal disorders, in order to identify biomarkers of appendicitis. From a large cohort of emergency patients, a discovery set of patients with surgically confirmed appendicitis, or abdominal pain from other causes, was identified. RNA from whole blood was profiled by microarrays, and RNA levels were filtered by a combined fold-change (>2) and p value (<0.05). A separate set of patients, including patients with respiratory infections, was used to validate a partial least squares discriminant (PLSD) prediction model. Transcript profiling identified 37 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in appendicitis versus abdominal pain patients. The DEG list contained 3 major ontologies: infection-related, inflammation-related, and ribosomal processing. Appendicitis patients had lower level of neutrophil defensin mRNA (DEFA1,3), but higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and interleukin-8 receptor-s (CXCR2/IL8RB), which was confirmed in a larger cohort of 60 patients using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Patients with acute appendicitis have detectable changes in the mRNA expression levels of factors related to neutrophil innate defense systems. The low defensin mRNA levels suggest that appendicitis patient’s immune cells are not directly activated by pathogens, but are primed by diffusible factors in the microenvironment of the infection. The detected biomarkers are consistent with prior evidence that biofilm-forming bacteria in the appendix may be an important factor in appendicitis.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship to Statin Intolerance among Stroke Patients (PD7.002)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to examine the possible role of vitamin D deficiency and statin intolerance among stroke patients. BACKGROUND: Statin therapy has been shown to be effective in secondary stroke prevention however muscle-related side effects can limit adherence to therapy. The vitamin D receptor is present in skeletal muscle and vitamin D deficiency can cause myopathy. There is limited data on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency to muscle-related side effects from statins. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted retrospective chart review of stroke patients seen in The Emory Clinic from October 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011. All patients with documentation of statin use and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level were included in this analysis. Patient were categorized as vitamin D deficient if their levels were RESULTS: Of 197 patients included in the study, 119 patients (60.4%) had vitamin D deficiency. Patients with deficiency were younger, more likely to be female and African American. Within the vitamin D deficient group, 14 (11.8%) did not tolerate any statin and 10 (8.4%) had muscle-related complant. Intolerance to multiple statins was more frequent in patients with vitamin D deficiency versus those with normal vitamin D (5.0% vs 0%; p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: We found that vitamin D deficient stroke patients tended to have higher rates of intolerance to multiple statins compared with patients who had normal levels but this did not reach significance. A larger study is needed to better evaluate the relationship between statin intolerance and vitamin D deficiency. Disclosure: Dr. Owada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mailyan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ayala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bamford has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nahab has nothing to disclose.
SU‐F‐T‐488: Comparison of the TG‐51 and TG‐51 Addendum Calibration Protocols

Purpose: To quantify differences between the TG51 and TG51 addendum calibration protocols. Methods: Beam energies of 6X, 6XSRS, 10X, 15X, 23X, 6XFFF, and 10XFFF were calibrated following both the TG51 and TG51 addendum protocols using both a Farmer and a scanning ionization chamber with traceable absorbed dose-to-water calibrations. For the TG51 addendum procedure, the collimating jaws were positioned to define a 10×10cm2 radiation field, a lead foil was only used for kQ measurements of FFF energies, and a volume-averaging correction was applied based on crossline and inline dose profiles. For the TG51 procedure, the collimating jaws were set to 10×10cm2 according to the digital readout, and a lead foil was used for kQ measurements of energies greater than 10MV. Results: For beam energies with a flattening filter, absorbed dose-to-water determined by the two protocols differed by 0.1%–0.3%. For FFF beam energies, differences between the protocols were up to 0.2% and 0.8% for the scanning and Farmer ionization chambers, respectively. Differences between the protocols were due to kQ determination, volume-averaging correction, and measurement of raw ionization. Differences in kQ values between the two protocols were up to 0.4% and 0.2% for the scanning and Farmer ionization chambers, respectively. Volume-averaging corrections were less than 0.1% for the scanning ionization chamber, and up to 0.4% and 0.6% for the Farmer ionization chamber in beams with a flattening filter and FFF beams, respectively. Raw ionization measurements differed up to 0.3%±0.07% due to differences in jaw settings. Conclusion: The TG51 and TG51 addendum calibration protocols differed less than 0.3% for the scanning ionization chamber. For the Farmer chamber in FFF energies, volume-averaging corrections of up to 0.6% contributed to calibration differences of up to 0.8%. Failure to verify the radiation field size can produce calibration differences of up to 0.3%.
Adolescent Girls' Physical Activity, Fitness and Psychological Well-Being during a Health Club Physical Education Approach.

This pilot project aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of an innovative physical education programme, referred to as a health club (HC) approach, in a high school setting. We measured adolescent girls’ moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), components of health-related physical fitness, and perceptions about themselves and physical activity (PA) during a 14-week programme. The HC approach produced high levels of MVPA. Pre/post physical fitness testing variables included height, weight, body mass index, waist measurement, sit and reach, grip strength, push-ups, sit-ups and a 10-minute walk test. Significant differences were found in participants’ flexibility and cardiovascular fitness at the conclusion of the 14-week programme. Participants reported greater perceived control over their PA, improvements in their physical self-concept across several domains, more positive feelings about appearance and strength and more positive global statements about their physical selves at post-test....
A Coarse-Grained Model of DNA Nanotube Population Growth

We derive a coarse-grained model that captures the temporal evolution of DNA nanotube length distribution during growth experiments. The model takes into account nucleation, polymerization, joining, and fragmentation processes in the nanotube population. The continuous length distribution is segmented, and the behavior of nanotubes in each length bin is modeled using ordinary differential equations. The binning choice determines the level of coarse graining. This model can handle time varying concentration of tiles, and we foresee that it will be useful to model dynamic behaviors in other types of biomolecular polymers.
Orientation and Displacement Detection for Smartphone Device Based IMUs

Commonly, navigation uses global positioning system/network (GPS) signals to determine location. In addition, GPS data can be collected over time to determine the path taken. In spite of the ubiquity of GPS signals on the earth’s surface, there are certain locations where GPS signals are not available, such as inside buildings or tunnels. Therefore, to determine accurate positioning in areas where the GPS signals are unavailable, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) can be used in conjunction with the GPS data. Modern IMUs are small enough to be contained in Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) chips, including smartphone devices, such as iPhones. This paper studies the integration between the GPS signal and the collected data from smartphones’ MEMS sensors. It also investigates the possibility of using the integrated GPS/MEMS information to estimate route when the GPS signal is missing. We propose estimating the missing GPS signal by sensor integration of smartphone data. This paper would enhance the GPS navigation to determine exact positions even in the case of signal failures. Modern IMUs are expensive, and this paper shows that GPS/IMU integration can be accomplished with off-the-shelf navigational components. This paper proposes a novel technique for estimating the missing GPS route by integrating data from the sensors available in modern smartphones.
Resilience by Teaming Framework

Over the last decade, researchers and practitioners have been increasingly focusing on developing strategies to create resilient supply networks. Most approaches focus on optimizing the trade-off between operational costs and resilience through increased protection, in the form of redundancy and excess resources, and/or the use of more reliable agents/resources. Nature and humans, however, show us that it is also possible to create resilient systems with fault-prone agent and resources through smart designs and distributed control protocols. The driving force behind these resilient systems is teaming. Teaming is a process by which a set of agents form a network and collaborate to achieve their individual goals and, perhaps, a common objective. Inspired in the Fault-tolerance by Teaming principle of Collaborative Control Theory (Nof 2007), the Resilience by Teaming framework (Reyes Levalle 2015; Reyes Levalle and Nof 2015) comprises a set of principles and protocols to design and operate resilient supply network on the basis of forming collaborative teams among fault-prone agents. Leveraging the mathematical formalism to describe and model supply networks from Chap. 2, the set of fundamentals for resilience in supply networks from Chap. 3, and the basic strategies to design and operate resilient SNs from Chaps. 4 and 5, the following sections introduce the main components of the Resilience by Teaming framework. Chapters 7 through 9 discuss each component of the Resilience by Teaming framework in detail.
Surgical treatment of detrusor underactivity: a short term proof of concept study

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the surgical outcomes of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) to those with detrusor underactivity (DU) or acontractile detrusor (DA). Materials and Methods This retrospective, IRB approved study included men who underwent BPO surgery for refractory LUTS or urinary retention. Patients were grouped based on videourodynamic (VUDS) findings: 1) men with BOO, 2) men with DU and 3) men with DA. The primary outcome measure was the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGII). Secondary outcome measures included uroflow (Qmax), post-void residual volume (PVR) and the need for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Results One hundred and nineteen patients were evaluated: 1) 34 with BOO, 2) 62 with DU and 3) 23 with DA. Subjective success rate (PGII) was highest in the BOO group (97%) and those with DU (98%), while DA patients had a PGII success of 26%, (p<0.0001). After surgery, patients with BOO had the lowest PVR (68.5mL). Fifty-six patients (47%) performed CIC pre-operatively (47% of BOO, 32% of DU and 87% of DA patients). None of the patients in the BOO and DU groups required CIC post operatively compared to16/23 (69%) of patients in the DA group (p<0.0001). Conclusions BPO surgery is a viable treatment option in men with presumed BOO and DU while DA is a poor prognostic sign in men who do not void spontaneously pre-operatively.
U8Al19Si6, A Uranium Aluminide Silicide with a Stuffed Supercell Grown from Aluminum Flux

U8Al19Si6 is formed from the reaction of uranium oxide and silicon in aluminum flux. Growth of this material is dependent on the presence of surface hydroxyl groups on alumina in the crucible. The compound forms as large cuboid crystals with a complex new structure that is a cubic stuffed supercell of UAl3 (AuCu3 parent structure type). It features a 4-fold expansion of the unit cell axis and the addition of atoms on two extra positions resulting in Pm3n symmetry. The ordered distribution of aluminum and silicon was determined using single crystal neutron diffraction. The magnetic susceptibility shows temperature independent paramagnetic behavior, while heat capacity measurements are consistent with Fermi liquid characteristics at low temperatures where the Sommerfeld constant is enhanced in comparison to that of a conventional metal. These bulk thermodynamic properties indicate that U8Al19Si6 is an itinerant electron Pauli paramagnet with moderately enhanced mass charge carrier quasiparticles.
Lanthanide-Dependent Methanol Dehydrogenases of XoxF4 and XoxF5 Clades Are Differentially Distributed Among Methylotrophic Bacteria and They Reveal Different Biochemical Properties.

Lanthanide-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases have recently emerged as environmentally important enzymes, most prominently represented in methylotrophic bacteria. The diversity of these enzymes, their environmental distribution and their biochemistry, as well as their evolutionary relationships with their calcium-dependent counterparts remain virtually untapped. Here we make important advances toward understanding lanthanide-dependent methylotrophy by assessing the distribution of XoxF4 and XoxF5 clades of lanthanide methanol dehydrogenases among, respectively, Methylophilaceae and non-Methylophilaceae methylotrophs, and we carry out comparative biochemical characterization of XoxF4 and XoxF5 enzymes, demonstrating differences in their properties, including catalytic efficiencies. We conclude that one subtype of the XoxF4 enzyme, XoxF4-1 is the dominant type in nature while other XoxF4 subtypes appear to be auxiliary, representatives of this clade only found in the Methylophilaceae (Betaproteobacteria). In contrast, we demonstrate that XoxF5 enzymes are widespread among alpha-, beta-, and gammaproteobacteria. We purified and biochemically characterized two XoxF4 enzymes (XoxF4-1 and XoxF4-2), both from Methylotenera mobilis, and one XoxF5 enzyme, from Methylomonas sp., after expressing their His-tagged versions in respective natural hosts. All three enzymes showed broad specificities toward alcohols and aldehydes and strict dependence on lighter lanthanides. However, they revealed differences in their properties in terms of optimal pH for in vitro activity, ammonia dependence, the range of lanthanides that could serve as cofactors, and in kinetic properties. Overall, our data advance the understanding of the biochemistry and environmental distribution of these recently discovered enzymes that appear to be key enzymes in lanthanide-dependent methylotrophy.
On Active and Passive Opposition in the Third Reich

This chapter presents for the first time in its entirety Heisenberg’s paper “On Active and Passive Opposition in the Third Reich”, its analysis, and a discussion of the German physicists’ secretly recorded conversations during their 1945 detention in England.
Geometry of Microstructures

The generic term that is used to describe the physical elements that make up a microstructure in this text applies the concept of a phase borrowed from classical thermodynamics. Each phase in a microstructure is a set of three dimensional features. To belong to the same phase the features must have the same internal physical properties. Usually this means features of one phase have the same chemical makeup and the same atomic, molecular, crystal or biological structure. The collection of parts of the structure that belong to the same phase is one example of a feature set.
Statistical Detection of the Underlying Failure Distributions When Individual Failure Times Are Missing

Practical constraints have yielded reliability data of an incomplete form which is not readily analysed by standard statistical methods. A methodology is developed based on distribution theory and solved by simulation. The power of the method is also considered. Applications to data are presented for both microelectronic and hydraulic valve reliability data.
100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness

The 1918 influenza pandemic spread rapidly around the globe, leading to high mortality and social disruption. The countermeasures available to mitigate the pandemic were limited and relied on nonpharmaceutical interventions. Over the past 100 years, improvements in medical care, influenza vaccines, antiviral medications, community mitigation efforts, diagnosis, and communications have improved pandemic response. A number of gaps remain, including vaccines that are more rapidly manufactured, antiviral drugs that are more effective and available, and better respiratory protective devices.
Transgender Simulation Scenario Pilot Project.

Abstract Background Transgender people often experience inequities, discrimination, and violence within health care environments by ill-informed health care professionals. Simulation has been beneficial in increasing students' knowledge about transgender health issues. Methods A transgender simulation scenario was piloted with pairs of students completing an anesthesia preoperative interview with a transgender patient who presents for an emergent surgery. Thirty (42%) of graduate nursing students enrolled in a Doctor of Nursing Practice nurse anesthesia program voluntarily participated in a transgender pilot simulation. Results Twenty-eight of 30 participants (93%) completed a presimulation and postsimulation survey with the majority (68%) reporting after the simulation that they had ongoing feelings of incompetence related to the health care needs of transgender patients. Conclusion Expanded didactic lessons and simulation experiences that include transgender content can increase comfort levels for both patient and provider as we strive to shift the paradigm toward health care equity for all.
Global trends in marine nitrate N isotopes from observations and a neural network-based climatology

Abstract. Nitrate is a critical ingredient for life in the ocean because, as the most abundant form of fixed nitrogen in the ocean, it is an essential nutrient for primary production. The availability of marine nitrate is principally determined by biological processes, each having a distinct influence on the N isotopic composition of nitrate (nitrate δ15N ) – a property that informs much of our understanding of the marine N cycle as well as marine ecology, fisheries, and past ocean conditions. However, the sparse spatial distribution of nitrate δ15N observations makes it difficult to apply this useful property in global studies or to facilitate robust model–data comparisons. Here, we use a compilation of published nitrate δ15N measurements ( n=12 277 ) and climatological maps of physical and biogeochemical tracers to create a surface-to-seafloor, 1 ∘ resolution map of nitrate δ15N using an ensemble of artificial neural networks (EANN). The strong correlation ( R2>0.87 ) and small mean difference ( ‰) between EANN-estimated and observed nitrate δ15N indicate that the EANN provides a good estimate of climatological nitrate δ15N without a significant bias. The magnitude of observation-model residuals is consistent with the magnitude of seasonal to interannual changes in observed nitrate δ15N that are not captured by our climatological model. The EANN provides a globally resolved map of mean nitrate δ15N for observational and modeling studies of marine biogeochemistry, paleoceanography, and marine ecology.
Color, chlorophyll a, and suspended solids effects on Secchi depth in lakes: implications for trophic state assessment.

Secchi depth (SD), a primary metric to assess trophic state, is controlled in many lakes by algal densities, measured as chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration. Two other optically related water quality variables also directly affect SD: non-algal suspended solids (SSNA ) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM, expressed as the absorption coefficient at 440 nm, a440 ). Using a database of ~1,460 samples from ~625 inland lake basins in Minnesota and two other Upper Midwest states, Wisconsin and Michigan, we analyzed relationships among these variables, with special focus on CDOM levels that influence SD values and the Minnesota SD standards used to assess eutrophication impairment of lakes. Log-transformed chl-a, total suspended solids (TSS), and SD were strongly correlated with each other; log(a440 ) had major effects on log(SD) but was only weakly correlated with log(chl-a) and log(TSS). Multiple regression models for log(SD) and 1/SD based on the three driving variables (chl-a, SSNA , and CDOM) explained ~80% of the variance in SD in the whole data set, but substantial differences in the form of the best-fit relationships were found between major ecoregions. High chl-a concentrations (> 50 μg/L) and TSS (> 20 mg/L) rarely occurred in lakes with high CDOM (a440 > ~4 m-1 ), and all lakes with a440 > 8 m-1 had SD ≤ 2.0 m despite low chl-a values ( ~ 4 m-1 . Thus, SD is not an accurate trophic state metric in moderately to highly colored lakes, and Minnesota's 2-m SD criterion should not be the sole metric to assess eutrophication impairment in warm/cool-water lakes of the Northern Lakes and Forest ecoregion. More generally, trophic state assessments using SD in regions with large landscape sources of CDOM need to account for effects of CDOM on SD.
Using OWL Ontologies as a Domain-Specific Language for Capturing Requirements for Formal Analysis and Test Case Generation

Our experience at GE Research suggests that the use of a controlled-English grammar and a rich authoring environment can greatly facilitate subject matter experts' ability to understand, create, and collaboratively employ models. A domain ontology is an ideal foundation for many advanced capabilities. An example is extending our controlled-English grammar and authoring environment for OWL model generation to allow the capture of high-level requirements, assumptions, and assertions, enabling requirement engineers to create models of system capability and behavior amenable to formal methods analysis to detect incompleteness, conflict, and a variety of other issues. The same domain models and formal requirements can be used to automatically generate test cases and test procedures. Automated test generation represents a huge reduction in the time and effort required to create and validate critical software. In this paper we illustrate how ontologies enable the ASSERT™ tool suite to support the above capabilities through a small grounding use case.
Synergistic efficacy of RLIP inhibition and 2'-hydroxyflavanone against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice.

Substantial evidence suggests that 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in mice mimics human breast cancer (BC) in many respects. Therefore, it has been used extensively to evaluate preventive and therapeutic agents for human BC. Mammary carcinogenesis induced by DMBA administration in female SENsitive to CARcinogen (SENCAR) mice was characterized by histopathological analysis of the mammary glands and alterations to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (PI3K/Akt/CDK1) pathway. We recently reported that 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) is a promising diet-derived chemotherapeutic agent that suppresses BC growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting a 76 kDa ral-interacting protein (RLIP). The objective of the current study was to investigate the synergistic anticarcinogenic effects of RLIP inhibition/depletion and 2HF in an in vivo model of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice. Mice were given 2HF (50 mg/kg, bw, orally on alternate days), RLIP antibody (Rab; 5 mg/kg, bw, ip weekly), RLIP antisense (RAS; 5 mg/kg, b.w., ip weekly), or a combination of 2HF + Rab + RAS. Animals were monitored daily, and 7 days after the first appearance of moribund behavior, tissues were harvested for morphological and immunohistological analysis. Western blot analyses were performed to determine the expression of anti- and proapoptotic proteins in the mammary glands. Our results reveal that 2HF, RAS, and Rab significantly prevented the carcinogenic effects of DMBA administration in the mammary glands and other organs. Further, mice treated with a combination of 2HF + RAS + Rab exhibited no carcinogenic effect of DMBA as compared to either or the single agent-treated mice. This study demonstrates for the first time the anticarcinogenic effects of 2HF and RLIP inhibition/depletion in vivo in a novel DMBA-induced model of BC in SENCAR mice and provides the rationale for further clinical investigation.
Impacts of Submerging and Emerging Shorelines on Various Biota and Indigenous Alaskan Harvesting Patterns

ABSTRACT Johnson, A.C.; Noel, J.; Gregovich, D.P.; Kruger, L.E., and Buma, B., 2019. Impacts of submerging and emerging shorelines on various biota and indigenous Alaskan harvesting patterns. Journ...