cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “other voices” in contemporary ethical dilemmas: The value of the new scholarship on women in the teaching of ethics

Abstract This paper addresses the need for alternative ethics courses in the Academy which value the ‘other voices’—the voice of the marginal and the disempowered; the voice of those who abjure the values of competition and success and uphold those of cooperation and caring; the voice of those who value private as well as public issues. The objective of this communication is to present information on an alternative ethics course where time is given to listening to other voices experienced through an analysis and synthesis of feminist discourse and philosophy. In this course, students were provided with historical perspectives and contemporary views of critical societal problems and were asked to analyze complex ethical dilemmas against a background of 19th Century liberalism and conventional male-dominated ethics. Through their writings and answers to these dilemmas, students tended to move from an ethic of rights and justice to one of care and concern for others.
Effects of novelty and methamphetamine on conditioned and sensory reinforcement

Abstract Background Light onset can be both a sensory reinforcer (SR) with intrinsic reinforcing properties, and a conditioned reinforcer (CR) which predicts a biologically important reinforcer. Stimulant drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), may increase the reinforcing effectiveness of CRs by enhancing the predictive properties of the CR. In contrast, METH-induced increases in the reinforcing effectiveness of SRs, are mediated by the immediate sensory consequences of the light. Methods The effects of novelty (on SRs) and METH (on both CRs and SRs) were tested. Experiment 1: rats were pre-exposed to 5 s light and water pairings presented according to a variable-time (VT) 2 min schedule or unpaired water and light presented according to independent, concurrent VT 2 min schedules. Experiment 2: rats were pre-exposed to 5 s light presented according to a VT 2 min schedule, or no stimuli. In both experiments, the pre-exposure phase was followed by a test phase in which 5 s light onset was made response-contingent on a variable-interval (VI) 2 min schedule and the effects of METH (0.5 mg/kg) were determined. Results Novel light onset was a more effective reinforcer than familiar light onset. METH increased the absolute rate of responding without increasing the relative frequency of responding for both CRs and SRs. Conclusion Novelty plays a role in determining the reinforcing effectiveness of SRs. The results are consistent with the interpretation that METH-induced increases in reinforcer effectiveness of CRs and SRs may be mediated by immediate sensory consequences, rather than prediction.
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT IN ETHNOGERIATRICS

Faculty members in health professions educational programs are recognizing the need for professional development that will enable them to prepare their students to meet the needs of the increasingly culturally diverse population of older adults. Reviews of textbooks in five health care disciplines and surveys of gerontological programs in the late 1980s revealed limited integration of ethnogeriatric information in textbooks and few models for ethnogeriatric curricula. The Stanford Geriatric Education Center and the affiliated gerontology lgeriatric programs at San Jose State University have developed strategies for faculty development in ethnogeriatrics, two of which are conferences and minifellowships. Three conferences have focused on curriculum content and instructional methodologies to teach students in health care programs from 11 disciplines the information and skills for cultural competence in ethnogeriatrics. Six months after the first conference, more than half of the participating faculty member...
Search for the Optimal Diet

Since the beginning of time, we have been searching for diets that satisfy our palates while simultaneously optimizing health and well-being. Every year, there are hundreds of new diet books on the market that make a wide range of promises but rarely deliver. Unfortunately, consumers are gullible and believe much of the marketing hype because they are desperately seeking ways to maximize their health. As a result, they continue to purchase these diet books, sending many of them all the way to the bestseller list. Because many of these meal plans are not sustainable and are questionable in their approaches, the consumer is ultimately left to continue searching, only able to choose from the newest “fad” promoted by publicists rather than being grounded in science. Thus, the search for the optimal diet continues to be the “holy grail” for many of us today, presenting a challenge for nutritionists and practitioners to provide sound advice to consumers.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Cell Cycle-Related Retinoblastoma Protein and Localization of Thy-1 Differentiation Protein and Macrophages during Follicular Development and Atresia, and in Human Corpora Lutea

Ovarian follicular development is dependent on growth and differentiation of the oocyte, as well as the granulosa and theca cell layers. The majority of primary follicles in the adult human ovary are not growing, and most antral follicles undergo atresia. The mechanisms regulating follicular growth and differentiation are poorly understood. Expression of key regulatory proteins in cells of certain follicles may be involved. We have studied the distribution of retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a key cell cycle regulator, in human follicles and CL by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Recent studies suggest that high nuclear concentrations of pRb are associated with the arrest of cell proliferation and the beginning of differentiation; during advanced differentiation of cells pRb is markedly depleted or absent. We also studied follicular distribution of Thy-1 differentiation protein, a morpho-regulatory molecule associated with cell differentiation, and the presence of macrophages. Macrophages have been shown to stimulate steroidogenesis in granulosa cells in vitro, and they are required for release of Thy-1 differentiation protein from vascular pericytes among granulosa cells in vivo. Our results indicate that oocytes in resting follicles exhibit pRb in the nucleoli. During initiation of follicular growth, the pRb expression first extends over the oocyte nuclei and then diminishes from both nuclei and nucleoli in preantral follicles. When the oocytes reach maximum size in small antral follicles, the pRb expression is reestablished in oocyte nucleoli. In differentiating granulosa and theca cell layers of preantral and small antral follicles, pRb expression is high, but it is low in growing large antral follicles. During CL development and regression, pRb expression in the nuclei of granulosa lutein cells first increases and then decreases. Follicular development is accompanied by the presence of Thy-1 differentiation protein and macrophages under the follicular basement membrane. In growing large antral follicles, during the mid-follicular phase, larger macrophages exhibit physical contacts with granulosa cells through the follicular basement membrane, and, during the late follicular phase, small dendritic macrophages can be detected among granulosa cells, but not within the follicular antrum. Large antral follicles undergoing atresia exhibit strong pRb expression in granulosa cells. This is accompanied by a lack of Thy-1 differentiation protein among granulosa cells and the occurrence of large phagocytic macrophages in the follicular antrum. This is the first report of pRb expression in the human ovary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Potato virus Y MSNR NIb-replicase is the elicitor of a veinal necrosis-hypersensitive response in root knot nematode resistant tobacco

Summary A root knot nematode resistance gene in Nicotiana tabacum, Rk, providing resistance to the nematode parasite Meloidogyne incognita is tightly linked to, or is a pleiotropic gene with a veinal necrosis systemic hypersensitive response to infection by Potato virus Y (PVY) M(s)N(r). The single PVY M(s)N(r) open reading frame was sequenced and found to have 89% protein identity to PVY N. Individual PVY M(s)N(r) polypeptides were deduced and the corresponding cDNA were cloned into a Potato virus X (PVX) based expression vector and used as templates for in vitro transcriptions. Infected plant sap, from N. benthamiana inoculated with infectious RNA, was used to inoculate both root knot nematode (RKN) resistant and susceptible tobacco lines. Lines were then evaluated for the induction of the hypersensitive response. The PVY M(s)N(r) NIb-replicase protein was found to induce a hypersensitive response 10 days post inoculation in nematode resistant tobacco. None of the other PVX/PVY M(s)N(r) constructs induced a hypersensitive response. The NIb-replicase of PVY N, which shares 93% identity to PVY M(s)N(r), did not induce a hypersensitive response when expressed from the PVX vector. This confirmed that the PVY M(s)N(r) NIb-replicase is the elicitor of PVY M(s)N(r) veinal necrosis on RKN plants and thus the first report of a Potyvirus replicase functioning as an avirulence factor.
Some results on scattering for log-subcritical and log-supercritical nonlinear wave equations

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. July 2012. Major: Mathematics. Advisor: Markus Keel. 1 computer file (PDF); ii, 45 pages, appendix p. 35-36.
Layers of learning: facilitation in the distributed classroom

Distributed learning offers education beyond the walls of the traditional classroom. Students may not have the opportunity to ever interact as a whole class unit. They interact individually or as small sub groups of the whole class in distributed sites. Understanding the dynamics of communication is important to the design of the distributed learning environment. Studies have focused on how computer mediated communication de-individuates single participants (R. Spears & M. Lea, 1990; K. Matheson & M. Zanna, 1988), but has not looked at the impact on groups of participants. The need for examining the impact of environments and social group identification is initiated in this study. Yet more detailed analysis must be done in this area to understand how these factors will impact distributed education.
Anthropometry in the Normative Aging Study of Veterans: Physique and Age, Serum Cholesterol, Uric Acid, and Personality

The notion that human body form and function are related is strong in folklore and literature, and in medicine dates back at least to Hippocrates. The Normative Aging Study is in a position to test this belief among large numbers of healthy subjects followed over their adult lifetimes. The goals, procedures, and early findings of the morphologic aspect of the Normative Aging Study are presented in this article.
Improving geolocation and spatial accuracies with the modular integrated avionics group (MIAG)

The modular integrated avionics group (MIAG) is a single unit approach to combining position, inertial and baro-altitude/air data sensors to provide optimized navigation, guidance and control performance. Lear Astronics Corporation is currently working within the navigation community to upgrade existing MIAG performance with precise GPS positioning mechanization tightly integrated with inertial, baro and other sensors. Among the immediate benefits are the following: (1) accurate target location in dynamic conditions; (2) autonomous launch and recovery using airborne avionics only; (3) precise flight path guidance; and (4) improved aircraft and payload stability information. This paper will focus on the impact of using the MIAG with its multimode navigation accuracies on the UAV targeting mission. Gimbaled electro-optical sensors mounted on a UAV can be used to determine ground coordinates of a target at the center of the field of view by a series of vector rotation and scaling computations. The accuracy of the computed target coordinates is dependent on knowing the UAV position and the UAV-to-target offset computation. Astronics performed a series of simulations to evaluate the effects that the improved angular and position data available from the MIAG have on target coordinate accuracy.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Composition of hydrated near-Earth object (100085) 1992 UY4

Abstract Near-infrared spectra of the near-Earth object (100085) 1992 UY4 are similar to those of P-type asteroids, providing a fitted geometric albedo of 0.052 ± 0.005 and an effective diameter of 1.68 ± 0.08 km . This object, with a likely outer-belt origin, also exhibits a 3-μm absorption feature with a band depth of 3 % ± 1 % , corresponding to a regolithic bulk hydrogen-to-silicon ratio of 0.30 ± 0.05 . The bulk of this hydrogen seems to be present in H2O-dominated minerals.
Précis of A Virtue Epistemology (Oxford University Press, 2007)

This is a summary of A Virtue Epistemology, the book that is the subject of this book symposium.
Determination of famotidine in low-volume human plasma by normal-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid, sensitive and robust assay procedure using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the determination of famotidine in human plasma and urine is described. Famotidine and the internal standard were isolated from plasma samples by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction with benzenesulfonic acid (SCX) cartridges. The urine assay used direct injection of a diluted urine sample. The chromatographic separation was accomplished by using a BDS Hypersil silica column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing trifluoroacetic acid. The MS/MS detection of the analytes was set in the positive ionization mode using electrospray ionization for sample introduction. The analyte and internal standard precursor-product ion combinations were monitored in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Assay calibration curves were linear in the concentration range 0.5--500 ng ml(-1) and 0.05--50 microg ml(-1) in plasma and urine, respectively. For the plasma assay, a 100 microl sample aliquot was subjected to extraction. To perform the urine assay, a 50 microl sample aliquot was used. The intra-day relative standard deviations at all concentration levels were <10%. The inter-day consistency was assessed by running quality control samples during each daily run. The limit of quantification was 0.5 ng ml(-1) in plasma and 0.05 microg ml(-1) in urine. The methods were utilized to support clinical pharmacokinetic studies in infants aged 0-12 months.
2006—Year of Continuity and Momentum

The end of the year 2006 invites reflection, thanksgiving, and anticipation. Each year has its own claim to being special or auspicious, and 2006 is no exception. It was five decades ago that the journal set out on its own, an indication that the field and community of hydraulic engineering were of sufficient depth and breadth to sustain a technical forum devoted specifically to its own issues. 2006 is also the centennial of the birth of Hunter Rouse, certainly one of those twentieth-century giants on whose shoulders we now all stand and whose example all contributors to the journal strive in some measure to emulate. We are grateful that Professor Ettema kindly agreed on short notice to provide the remembrance of Rouse and his wide-ranging impact that appears in this month’s issue. The journal has undergone noteworthy changes over the past year, some more perceptible than others. The baton of the editorship has been passed relatively smoothly, and another leg of this essential enterprise has begun. The Editorial Board has, however, largely remained the same, providing the necessary continuity in the evaluation of manuscripts. Several members—Philippe Coussot, Poojitha Yapa, Peter Stansby, and Willi Hager—did elect to step down during the past year because of increased personal and professional commitments. They have over the years performed yeoman’s service for the journal, for which we can only offer this certainly inadequate expression of appreciation. Terry Sturm and Greg Lawrence have agreed to join the board, and they will no doubt find their new roles fulfilling if demanding. Thanks then to past and current associate editors for their strong and reliable support. To the contributors and reviewers of the journal, the most perceptible change of 2006 was likely the adoption, since May, of an electronic submission and review system. This system promises a more secure and transparent approach to journal management and may also facilitate a more timely review process. Thus far, even if it is still a work in progress, the system has been positively re-
Interleukin‐2 Production Is Altered by Copper Deficiency

Copper is an essential nutrient for optimal function of the immune system; deficiency results in impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated components. Copper deficiency in rodents results in decreased numbers of CD4+ (helper) and total T cells. This defect has been traced to impaired production of interleukin-2, a cytokine essential for T-cell division and differentiation. Impairment of quiescent cell proliferation is reversed by both in vivo and in vitro copper supplementation.
Organization of Skin Stratum Corneum Extracellular Lamellae: Diffraction Evidence for Asymmetric Distribution of Cholesterol

Lipid suspensions containing 2:1:1 skin ceramides:palmitic acid:cholesterol, similar to the lipid composition found in the extracellular matrix of skin stratum corneum, were analyzed by X-ray diffraction methods. These suspensions gave a sharp wide-angle reflection at 4.1 A, indicating tight hydrocarbon chain packing that would function as a water barrier, and low-angle lamellar diffraction with a repeat period near 130 A, similar to that previously recorded from intact stratum corneum. The lamellar repeat increased from 121 A at pH 6 to 133 A at pH 8.5, allowing phase angles of the lamellar data to be obtained by a sampling theorem “swelling” analysis. Electron density profiles showed that each repeating unit contained two asymmetric bilayers, with a fluid space on one side of the bilayer that increased with increasing pH, due to electrostatic repulsion between bilayers because of ionization of the palmitic acid. Profiles obtained from lamellae with cholesterol sulfate partially substituted for cholesterol showed large density increases on that same side of the bilayer, indicating that cholesterol is asymmetrically distributed in each bilayer. A molecular model was developed postulating that this asymmetry is due to the exclusion of cholesterol from lipid monolayers containing the ester-linked unsaturated (linoleic) hydrocarbon chain of skin ceramide 1. This model can explain the altered organization of extracellular lamellae in epidermal cysts (P. W. Wertz, D. C. Swartzendruber, K. C. Madison, D. T. Downing. 1987. J. Invest. Dermatol. 89:419–425) where the ester-linked chains have a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids than found in normal epidermis.
Reading and comprehension levels in a sample of urban, low-income persons

Objective:Because health literacy is related to healthcare outcomes, this study looked at reading and comprehension levels in a sample of urban, low-income persons.Design:This was a descriptive exploration of reading comprehension levels, controlled for medical problems that could impact on vision and therefore ability to read.Setting:Ninety persons were recruited in the waiting areas of a healthcare provider serving the homeless and urban poor.Method:Visual acuity and blood pressures were obtained and for diabetic patients measures of glycaemic control were recorded. Reading and comprehension was tested with the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) 4 standardized assessment. Limited demographic data was obtained. Descriptive and frequency statistics were calculated as well as Pearson r coefficients.Results:Results indicated that most participants were healthy or had well controlled conditions. No health parameters were significantly related to reading/comprehension scores. Reading and comprehension scores ...
The development of a partially mixed region in a stratified shear flow

The influence of a mean uniform shear on the development of a partially mixed region in an unbounded stratified fluid is considered. Results are given for the very near field and the far field in the large- J (Richardson number) limit. A qualitative discussion for J [gsim ] 1 is also included. The near-field motion is modified on a time scale given by R τ ∼ J −¼ , where R = dU/dz is the mean shear strength. This modification is shown to be a consequence of the kinematic distortion of the wake profile by the mean shear. The radiation field is largely anticipated by the wave-packet discussion of an earlier paper.
ON METRIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL UNFOLDING

The problem of locating two sets of points in a joint space, given the Euclidean distances between elements from distinct sets, is solved algebraically. For error free data the solution is exact, for fallible data it has least squares properties.
Two high resolution velocity vector analyzers for cosmic dust particles

Two new methods are described to measure velocities and angles of incidence of charged cosmic dust particles with precisions of about 1% and 1 deg, respectively. Both methods employ four one-dimensional position-sensitive detectors in series. The first method utilizes a charge-dividing technique while the second utilizes a time-of-flight technique for determining the position of a particle inside the instrument. The velocity vectors are measured although mechanical interaction between the particle and the instrument is completely avoided. Applications to cosmic dust composition and collection experiments are discussed. The range of radii of measurable particles is from about 0.01 to 100 microns at velocities from 1 to 80 km/sec.
Studies On Habituation Of Vestibular Reflexes: I. Effect of Repetitive Caloric Test

The phenomenon of habituation to repetitive caloric stimulation was investigated in cats. The study included acquisition, retention and transfer of the response decline in nystagmic reaction.Acquisition of habituation was obtained by repetitive calorization of right and/or left ears with hot and/or cold water. The rate of response decline was rapid with the initial irrigations and then tended to level off. The extent of response decline differed among animals, ranging from moderate reduction to complete extinction.In the cat, habituation may be retained after three weeks of rest; however, in several animals, recovery of normal caloric responses occurred after a few days.Transfer of habituation occurs, provided the nystagmus is provoked in the same direction as that which was habituated.The evidence supports the opinion that the neural mechanism underlying habituation of vestibular reflexes is a central process. The locus of this mechanism remains unknown.The practical and theoretical implications of this ...
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF COMPUTERS FOR CALCULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT.

Abstract 1. 1. One hundred and seventeen cardiac output determinations were obtained in 12 patients with normal and abnormal cardiovascular systems. The dye curves were calculated by the hand method of Hamilton and with the use of a dye-dilution analog computer. 2. 2. There was a good agreement between the two methods with an average of the percentage difference of 8 per cent and with a standard deviation of 4.2 per cent. In curves with prolonged clearance time and low peak concentration, the average difference was 25.2 per cent with a standard deviation of 11.0 per cent. 3. 3. Changes in the cardiac output provoked by exercise, change in heart rate and by administration of drugs were adequately detected by the computer technic. 4. 4. It was found that the cardiac output computer is a time-saving, reliable and reproducible instrument in the calculation of the cardiac output. 5. 5. The computer should not be used in cases with low peak concentration, prolonged clearance time and in cases with any form of intracardiac shunt.
Jeanne Farr McDonnell. Juana Briones of 19th Century California

It's easy to see why Juana Briones would make an attractive subject for a biography: her life spanned three regimes of control in California (Spain, Mexico, and the U.S.); she provides insight into...
Constructing Specialized Knowledge Through Activity Coordination During Organizational Change

Prior research has established that sharing knowledge across interrelated organizational systems is challenging and complex. This is especially the case when organizational change initiatives require changes in how those systems relate to each other. This project was an investigation of knowledge processes between interrelated activity systems in a large facilities management organization as a change initiative was implemented. Interviews with 27 employees representing nine organizational activity systems were the primary source of data, with field notes used to enrich interpretations in this qualitative study. Results were interpreted using constructs from structurating activity theory. Participants communicatively constructed cultures of exclusivity in their activity systems, creating boundaries that made knowledge sharing and activity coordination difficult. The change initiative was aimed at creating a culture of inclusivity, which was undermined by perceptions that the management activity system engaged in more exclusivity-creating practices than other activity systems. Several contradictions were explicated pertaining to inclusivity and exclusivity. Tensions persist in how systems coordinate around and with conflicting objectives and activities. Conclusions offer theoretical contributions of the analysis and suggestions for using results to improve organizational practices.
The Dynamics of Income-Related Health Inequalities Near Retirement

This paper estimates and decomposes income-related health inequality for people nearing retirement age in the US by analyzing data from Health and Retirement Study. To reveal the whole picture of health deterioration with respect to income ranking, we use Petrie et al. (2011)’s newly proposed income and health mobility, explicitly accounting for the dead in a longitudinal analysis. The results illustrate that income-related health inequality measured by applying the concentration index (CI) with an unbalanced panel dataset, explicitly accounting for the dead, is improved as the individuals born between 1931 and 1941 ages. The improvement in the CI, however, primarily comes from the high mortality rate among poor individuals. At the same time, CIs using a balanced panel dataset with a base weight, or re-weight with the Inverse Probability Weight (IPW) either did not improve or deteriorated as the cohort ages. A balanced panel dataset analysis generates misleading results of progressive health deterioration, while an unbalanced panel dataset analysis brings out the regressive deterioration. The findings may suggest that the balanced panel data analysis overestimates the Medicare effect. Some encouraging results include the insignificant health-related income mobility among those who are alive, which reveals the existence of the pension effect.
A Review of “The Learning Curve: How Business Schools Are Re-Inventing Education”

What exactly is management education today? Is it an academic discipline worthy of admiration or is it a collegiate program that promotes misdirected priorities, thus losing its grip of purpose and...
An Overview of Zika Virus Disease

Zika virus is one of many recently emerging arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, capable of causing human disease in North America. First identified in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947, Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus belonging to the same viral genus as the West Nile and the dengue viruses.1
Probing the electronic properties of a trinuclear molecular wire involving isocyanoferrocene and iron(II) phthalocyanine motifs.

A new trinuclear iron(II) complex involving two isocyanoferrocene ligands axially coordinated to iron(II) phthalocyanine, (FcNC)2FePc [Fc = ferrocenyl; Pc = phthalocyaninato(2-) anion], was isolated and characterized using a variety of spectroscopic methods as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The redox behavior of the above molecular wire was investigated through electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation approaches and compared to that of the bis(tert-butylisocyano)iron(II) phthalocyanine reference compound, (t-BuNC)2FePc. For both complexes, the first oxidation involves the phthalocyanine ligand and results in the formation of a red phthalocyanine cation-radical-centered [(RNC)2FePc](+) species, as evidenced by their UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. Despite the ~11.5 A distance between the isocyanoferrocene iron centers, the second and third oxidation potentials for (FcNC)2FePc are separated by ∼80 mV, which is indicative of a weak long-range metal-metal coupling in this system. Spectroscopic signatures of the mixed-valence [(FcNC)2FePc](2+) dication were obtained using spectroelectrochemical and chemical oxidation approaches. These experimentally assessed characteristics were also correlated with the electronic structure, redox properties, and spectroscopic signatures predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT analyses.
Estimation of Seismic Performance of Existing Steel Moment Resisting Frame Buildings by Using Continuous Models

A simplified method to estimate the seismic performance of existing steel moment resisting frame buildings is presented. Emphasis is placed on the estimation of the level of damage in beam-to-column moment connections. The proposed method makes use of fragility functions for pre-Northridge moment connections that allow the estimation of the probability of reaching or exceeding various damage states as a function of the peak interstory drift ratio. The fragility functions were developed based on a statistical study of a large number of experimental data on the testing of welded beam-to-column moment connections to cyclic loading. Of particular interest is the estimation of the probability of fracture in pre-Northridge welded beam-tocolumn connections. In the proposed method peak interstory drift ratios at each story are estimated by using a simplified continuous model consisting of a flexural beam laterally coupled to a shear beam. The method is evaluated by estimating the seismic performance of two instrumented building that recorded the 1994 Northridge earthquake and experienced different levels of damage. Estimated performance is then compared to observed performance documented in detailed reconnaissance reports. Results show that the method provides relatively good results by providing an indication of the level of damage in the building and of the stories where damage may have occurred.
Triplet-sensitized photoreactivity of a geminal diazidoalkane.

Photolysis of 1 in chloroform yielded 2 as the major product and a small quantity of 3. Laser flash photolysis demonstrated that upon irradiation, the first excited triplet state of the ketone (T1K...
V. Effect of Epinephrine, AGTH and Cortisone on Citrate, Calcium, Glucose and Phosphate Levels in Rabbits.∗

Summary1. Epinephrine subcutaneously causes a rise in calcium, citrate and glucose levels and a fall in phosphate and potassium levels. 2. Cortisone intramuscularly causes a rise in glucose and phosphate levels and a fall in calcium and citrate levels. 3. ACTH intramuscularly causes a rise in citrate and a fall in calcium levels. 4. It is suggested that the balance between ACTH, epinephrine, insulin and cortisone secretion, because of their effect on citrate, calcium and phosphate levels, play a significant role in the maintenance of the calcium ion concentration of the plasma.
The Effect upon the Vitality of Seed Corn of Temperatures That Will Kill Seed Infesting Insects

Tests conducted with corn infested by various species of common seed infesting insects have shown that temperatures of at least 125°F. for three hours are necessary to kill all stages of these insects. Such temperatures have a detrimental effect on the germinating power of both sweet and field corn where the moisture content of the corn is above 15%. Apparently there is no injury to corn of either kind where the moisture content is between 2 and 15%. Corn held in most seed houses will come within these limits. This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of heat treatment upon the vitality of seed corn, with various moisture percentages, when subjected to a temperature which is high enough to kill insects that attack corn in storage. It has been known for some time that insects which attack seed corn can be killed if subjected to high temperatures for several hours. The effect of such temperatures on the vitality of the seed corn is not as well known. Heat treatment as a means of insect control has proved effective, but care must be exercised in its application to prevent impairing the vitality of the seed corn, especially when the moisture content is high.
Short‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: The Framingham Heart Study

Background Short‐term exposure to elevated air pollution has been associated with higher risk of acute cardiovascular diseases, with systemic oxidative stress induced by air pollution hypothesized as an important underlying mechanism. However, few community‐based studies have assessed this association. Methods and Results Two thousand thirty‐five Framingham Offspring Cohort participants living within 50 km of the Harvard Boston Supersite who were not current smokers were included. We assessed circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress including blood myeloperoxidase at the seventh examination (1998–2001) and urinary creatinine‐indexed 8‐epi‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐epi‐PGF2α) at the seventh and eighth (2005–2008) examinations. We measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon, sulfate, nitrogen oxides, and ozone at the Supersite and calculated 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐day moving averages of each pollutant. Measured myeloperoxidase and 8‐epi‐PGF2α were loge transformed. We used linear regression models and linear mixed‐effects models with random intercepts for myeloperoxidase and indexed 8‐epi‐PGF2α, respectively. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, individual‐ and area‐level measures of socioeconomic position, clinical and lifestyle factors, weather, and temporal trend. We found positive associations of PM2.5 and black carbon with myeloperoxidase across multiple moving averages. Additionally, 2‐ to 7‐day moving averages of PM2.5 and sulfate were consistently positively associated with 8‐epi‐PGF2α. Stronger positive associations of black carbon and sulfate with myeloperoxidase were observed among participants with diabetes than in those without. Conclusions Our community‐based investigation supports an association of select markers of ambient air pollution with circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Design and Synthesis of Cationic Polymer DMAAC

A cationic monomer dimethylallylammonium chloride(DMAAC)was synthesized from dimethylallylamine(DMAA) through acidification and free radical polymerization,and then polymerized to form poly(dimethylallylammonium chloride)(PDMAAC).The optimal synthetic conditions of DMAAC were confirmed as follow: the molar ratio of DMAA and HCl 1.0 ∶ 1.1 and reaction for 2 h in the temperature 10℃,the yield of DMAA reached 37.1%.PDMAAC with limiting viscosity number of 3.550 was synthesized with the initiator concentration of 10 g/L and monomer concentration of 60%.
Epidemiological analysis on cases of acute flaccid paralysis in Henan Province

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) under 15 years old in Henan Province and explore measures for AFP control and prevention. Methods The individual data of 5 247 AFP cases under 15 years old from surveillance system in Henan Province during 2004-2012 was analyzed descriptively. Results The cases of AFP under 15 years old were mainly sporadic in Henan Province. The average incidence was 2.92/lakh.The top three regions reported higher incidence were Zhengzhou, Anyang and Jiyuan, with the incidence of 4.55/lakh, 4.48/lakh and 4.19/lakh. The seasonal peak appeared during August-October and March, the highest incidence was of 0 to 4 years old group. Men had a higher incidence than women, gender ratio was 2.16: 1. Enterovirus was isolated from 891 cases and the isolation rate was 16.98%. The incidence rate of residual paralysis was 15.04%. Conclusion The cases of AFP are mainly young-aged and the cases are mainly observed in spring,summer and autumn. Men have a higher incidence than women. The incidence rate of residual paralysis among children of AFP is higher and effective measures should be taken to improve the recover of paralysis.
Single needle revision of failing filtration blebs: a retrospective comparative case series with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C

PURPOSE To assess the success of needling in failed filtration blebs and the potential benefit of using either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C (MMC). METHODS In this retrospective, comparative observational case series, 107 eyes that underwent needle revision with either 5-FU or MMC between July 2003 and May 2008 at Wills Eye Institute were selected. Exclusion criteria included follow-up less than 1 month and a history of glaucoma drainage device. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medications were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Success was defined as >20% decrease in IOP if glaucoma medications were resumed or <10% decrease in IOP if medications were not resumed post needling or fewer medications than pre needling. RESULTS Sixty-five patients received 5-FU and 42 patients received MMC for needling. Mean IOP changed from 23.9 mmHg to 13.8 mmHg in the MMC group and from 23.3 mmHg to 13.02 mmHg in the 5-FU group (both p<0.001). Mean glaucoma medications changed from 1.7 to 0.7 in the MMC group and 2.0 to 0.8 in the 5-FU group (both p<0.001) at the end of follow-up. After a mean follow-up of 14.5 months, overall survival was 49.5%. Mean time to failure was 7.7 months. There was a moderately weak association between survival and the immediate postoperative IOP (r=0.262, p=0.01). In comparing MMC and 5-FU, there was no statistically significant difference in survival rate (p=0.267). CONCLUSIONS Bleb needling may be a safe and effective means of prolonging bleb survival. The only factor associated with success was the immediate postoperative IOP. There was no apparent difference between the use of 5-FU and MMC in this population. A prospective study may provide further confirmation of this finding.
Cross-modal Sound Mapping Using Deep Learning.

We present a method for automatic feature extraction and cross-modal mapping using deep learning. Our system uses stacked autoencoders to learn a layered feature representation of the data. Feature vectors from two (or more) different domains are mapped to each other, effectively creating a cross-modal mapping. Our system can either run fully unsupervised, or it can use high-level labeling to fine-tune the mapping according a user’s needs. We show several applications for our method, mapping sound to or from images or gestures. We evaluate system performance both in standalone inference tasks and in cross-modal mappings.
The economic value of increasing geospatial access to tetanus toxoid immunization in Mozambique

Abstract Background With tetanus being a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries, ensuring that pregnant women have geographic access to tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization can be important. However, immunization locations in many systems may not be placed to optimize access across the population. Issues of access must be addressed for vaccines such as TT to reach their full potential. Methods To assess how TT immunization locations meet population demand in Mozambique, our team developed and utilized SIGMA (Strategic Integrated Geo-temporal Mapping Application) to quantify how many pregnant women are reachable by existing TT immunization locations, how many cannot access these locations, and the potential costs and disease burden of not covering geographically harder-to-reach populations. Sensitivity analyses covered a range of catchment area sizes to include realistic travel distances and to determine the area some locations would need to cover in order for the existing system to reach at least 99% of the target population. Results For 99% of the population to reach health centers, people would be required to travel up to 35 km. Limiting this distance to 15 km would result in 5450 (3033–7108) annual cases of neonatal tetanus that could be prevented by TT, 144,240 (79,878–192,866) DALYs, and $110,691,979 ($56,180,326–$159,516,629) in treatment costs and productivity losses. A catchment area radius of 5 km would lead to 17,841 (9929–23,271) annual cases of neonatal tetanus that could be prevented by TT, resulting in 472,234 (261,517–631,432) DALYs and $362,399,320 ($183,931,229–$522,248,480) in treatment costs and productivity losses. Conclusion TT immunization locations are not geographically accessible by a significant proportion of pregnant women, resulting in substantial healthcare and productivity costs that could potentially be averted by adding or reconfiguring TT immunization locations. The resulting cost savings of covering these harder to reach populations could help pay for establishing additional immunization locations.
Attenuation of polyglutamine-induced toxicity by enhancement of mitochondrial OXPHOS in yeast and fly models of aging

Defects in mitochondrial biogenesis and function are common in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). We have previously shown that in yeast models of HD, enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis through overexpression of Hap4, the catalytic subunit of the transcriptional complex that regulates mitochondrial gene expression, alleviates the growth arrest induced by expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract peptides in rapidly dividing cells. However, the mechanism through which HAP4 overexpression exerts this protection remains unclear. Furthermore, it remains unexplored whether HAP4 overexpression and increased respiratory function during growth can also protect against polyQ-induced toxicity during yeast chronological lifespan. Here, we show that in yeast, mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are essential for protection against the polyQ-induced growth defect by HAP4 overexpression. In addition, we show that not only increased HAP4 levels, but also alternative interventions, including calorie restriction, that result in enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis confer protection against polyQ toxicity during stationary phase. The data obtained in yeast models guided experiments in a fly model of HD, where we show that enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis can also protect against neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Our results suggest that therapeutic interventions aiming at the enhancement of mitochondrial respiration and OXPHOS could reduce polyQ toxicity and delay disease onset.
The Nature of God’s Knowledge

A brief summary of the results so far obtained is in order at this point. We have seen that to say a being is omniscient is to say that that being justifiably believes all and only true propositions, and to say that a being is essentially omniscient is to say that that being is necessarily such that he justifiably believes all and only true propositions. Further, we have seen the failure of the arguments for the claim that there is an incompatibility between persons’ having freedom and a being’s having essential foreknowledge of what persons will do.
Helping Students Envision Justice in the Sustainable City

As cities in the developed world continue to advance projects intended to reduce their eco-footprint, improve the health and well-being of their citizens, and sustain their local economies, they face the challenge of just and equitable implementation. Even those cities with excellent reputations for sustainability endure significant disparities and inequalities that undermine the overall goals of sustainable development. This exercise reveals the challenges and complexities of equitable planning for urban sustainability and assists students in the development of critical thinking skills that can help them identify the economic, social, and environmental disparities within urban landscapes. The exercise ends by asking students to consider ways of promoting justice and equitable development in the sustainable city. After completing this activity, students should be able to (1) critically engage with the concept of “urban sustainability” to reveal the challenges of equitable sustainable development in a city; (2) describe the concepts of environmental and social justice as they relate to patterns of unequal distribution of social services, infrastructure, and environmental amenities in a city; and (3) articulate their responsibilities as urban citizens pursuing a sustainable lifestyle and consider how their position may provide them with advantages or disadvantages compared to others in this pursuit.
Accuracy of patient-specific organ dose estimates obtained using an automated image segmentation algorithm

The overall goal of this work is to develop a rapid, accurate, and automated software tool to estimate patient-specific organ doses from computed tomography (CT) scans using simulations to generate dose maps combined with automated segmentation algorithms. This work quantified the accuracy of organ dose estimates obtained by an automated segmentation algorithm. We hypothesized that the autosegmentation algorithm is sufficiently accurate to provide organ dose estimates, since small errors delineating organ boundaries will have minimal effect when computing mean organ dose. A leave-one-out validation study of the automated algorithm was performed with 20 head-neck CT scans expertly segmented into nine regions. Mean organ doses of the automatically and expertly segmented regions were computed from Monte Carlo-generated dose maps and compared. The automated segmentation algorithm estimated the mean organ dose to be within 10% of the expert segmentation for regions other than the spinal canal, with the median error for each organ region below 2%. In the spinal canal region, the median error was [Formula: see text], with a maximum absolute error of 28% for the single-atlas approach and 11% for the multiatlas approach. The results demonstrate that the automated segmentation algorithm can provide accurate organ dose estimates despite some segmentation errors.
Pilot Designation and Dedesignation of Traffic Targets to the Autoflight System

This study examined flight crew designation and dedesignation of target aircraft, with the objective of assessing flight crews’ responses to errors in coupled operations: errors that may be caused ...
EXTERNAL COOLING OF THE MYOCARDIUM SLOWS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION AND TERMINATES ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Background: Prompt termination of atrial fibrillation (AF) by implantable devices could improve symptoms and outcomes. However, electrical cardioversion is painful, making it impractical. Cooling of the myocardium may slow conduction and terminate AF without producing pain. Methods: Cooling was