cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground reaction forces during gait in pregnant fallers and non-fallers

Abstract Pregnant women are at a high risk of experiencing a fall. To our knowledge, ground reaction forces (GRFs) in pregnant fallers and non-fallers have not been reported. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pregnancy and fall history on GRFs during walking. Methods Forty one pregnant subjects in the mid 2nd and 3rd trimesters (pregnant fallers: n = 15, pregnant non-fallers: n = 14), and 40 control women walked at a freely chosen walking speed along an 8 m walkway. A force plate, hidden in the walkway, was used to collect GRFs (1080 Hz). Kinematic data (120 Hz) were collected from a marker placed on the lumbar spine to estimate walking velocity. GRF variables included mediolateral Center of Pressure (COP) excursion, and GRFs normalized to body mass. A two factor ANOVA (trimester x fall group) was used to compare subject demographics, and walking velocity (α = 0.05). A two factor ANCOVA (trimester × fall group, covariate: velocity) was performed to examine other GRF variables (Bonferroni corrected α = 0.006) and the mediolateral COP excursion (α = 0.05). Results Walking velocity was greater in the control group (p Conclusions When walking velocity was considered in the statistical model, ground reaction forces are essentially unchanged by pregnancy.
Lilly Lecture: Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance: Lessons From Patients With Mutations in the Insulin-Receptor Gene

Insulin resistance contributes to the pathogenesis of NIDDM. We have investigated the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in patients with genetic syndromes caused by mutations in the insulin-receptor gene. In general, patients with two mutant alleles of the insulin-receptor gene are more severely insulin-resistant than are patients who are heterozygous for a single mutant allele. These mutations can be put into five classes, depending upon the mechanisms by which they impair receptor function. Some mutations lead to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. For example, some mutations decrease the level of insulin receptor mRNA or impair receptor biosynthesis by introducing a premature chain termination codon (class 1). Class 2 mutations impair the transport of receptors through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Mutations that accelerate the rate of receptor degradation (class 5) also decrease the number of receptors on the cell surface. Other mutations cause insulin resistance by impairing receptor function--either by decreasing the affinity to bind insulin (class 3) or by impairing receptor tyrosine kinase activity (class 4). The prevalence of mutations in the insulin receptor gene is not known. However, theoretical calculations suggest that approximately 0.1-1% of the general population are heterozygous for a mutation in the insulin-receptor gene; the prevalence is likely to be higher among people with NIDDM. Accordingly, it is likely that mutations in the insulin-receptor gene may be a contributory cause of insulin resistance in a subpopulation with NIDDM.
Faking It: The Necessary Blind Spots of Understanding

Scholarly research in the field of dance begins with the methodological premise that some things are only effectively known through their enactment. This article utilizes movement practice as a site for cultural research. The imminent, fluctuating and heightened physicality of movement research, reconstructed here in writing, contributes a different perspective toward the understanding of authenticity in relation to the construction of knowledge. The article is written in the present tense from the perspective of the protagonist to convey the ethnographic site in progress, and to highlight the visceral aspect of the issues at hand.
A pretest for using logrank or Wilcoxon in the two-sample problem

In a two-sample location-scale model with censored data, the logrank test is asymptotically efficient when the error distribution is extreme minimum value. On the other hand, the Wilcoxon test is asymptotically efficient when the error distribution is logistic. We propose a pretest for choosing between logrank and Wilcoxon by determining if the error distribution is closer to extreme minimum value or logistic. This adaptive test is compared with the logrank and Wilcoxon tests through simulation.
Photoresponses of the marine protist Ulkenia sp. zoospores to ambient, artificial and bioluminescent light

Ulkenia sp. zoospores are attracted to 492 nm wavelength light produced by the marine bacte- rium Vibrio fischeri. Zoospores are positively photo- responsive to wavelengths of 440, 460 and 480 nm and contain a pigment that absorbs blue light. The average velocity of the zoospores is 0.47 m h 21 . Stim- ulatory intensities of these wavelengths ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 mEm 22 s 21 in both laboratory and field studies. The response of this protist to biolumines- cence produced by Vibrio fischeri may direct zoo- spores to a nutrient rich environment colonized by these bacteria. In addition, the greatest responses were found at intensities associated with the light re- gime found near the bottom of naturally turbid es- tuaries or at greater depths of nonturbid, offshore waters. Positive phototaxis was not seen in zones of high light intensity either in field or laboratory stud- ies, and there is some indication that zoospores may swim away from high light intensities.
Hepatic Indicators of Oxidative Stress and Tissue Damage Accompanied by Systemic Inflammation in Rats Following a 24-Hour Infusion of an Unstable Lipid Emulsion Admixture

Background: Use of lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition therapy is an important source of daily energy in substitution of potentially harmful glucose calories when given in excess in the intensive care unit. When added to parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures as a total nutrient admixture (TNA), the stability and safety of the emulsion may be compromised. Development of a rat model of a stable vs unstable lipid infusion would enable a study of the potential risk. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Methods: Surgical placement of a jugular venous catheter for the administration of TNAs was performed. Two groups were studied: a stable or s-TNA (n = 16) and an unstable or u-TNA (n = 17) as a 24-hour continuous infusion. Stability of TNAs was determined immediately before and after infusion using a laser-based method approved by the United States Pharmacopeia. Results: Blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione-S-transferase, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevated in ...
PMR analysis of nitroquinoline 1-Oxides

Chemical shifts and coupling values obtained from the 100 MHz pmr spectra of 12 nitrosubstituted quinoline 1-oxide derivatives are presented. Spin-spin decoupling, application of the paramagnetic shift reagent tris-(1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyl-4,6-octanedione) europium (III), and calculations of theoretical spectra were used in matching signals to protons in the complex portions of the pmr spectra. Precise spectral parameters were obtained by application of an iterative technique provided by a published computer program. The identification of 4- and 5-nitro substituted quinoline 1-oxides by correlation of pmr spectral parameters with chemical structure is illustrated. The preparation and structural elucidation of two potential carcinogenic compounds, 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and 2,7-dimethyl-4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide are described.
Interferometric Measurements of Faint Titanium Lines in the Region 3341–4186 Å*

Interferometric measurements have been made on 218 titanium lines in the region 3341–4186 A with a Fabry–Perot etalon crossed with a Wadsworth spectrograph. Of the total number of lines photographed, 128 faint lines were measured along with 90 previously measured and revised standards.An internal consistency check for the 16 pairs of lines taken showed that the mean deviation from the weighted mean of two well-known multiplet separations was less than 0.002 A, and that this deviation was consistent with the measurements of these lines.
Applied DC Magnetic Fields Cause Alterations in the Time of Cell Divisions and Developmental Abnormalities in Early Sea Urchin Embryos

Most work on magnetic field effects focuses on AC fields. The present study demonstrates that exposure to medium-strength (10 mT-0.1 T) static magnetic fields can alter the early embryonic development of two species of sea urchin embryos. Batches of fertilized eggs from two species of urchin were exposed to fields produced by permanent magnets. Samples of the continuous cultures were scored for the timing of the first two cell divisions, time of hatching, and incidence of exogastrulation. It was found that static fields delay the onset of mitosis in both species by an amount dependent on the exposure timing relative to fertilization. The exposure time that caused the maximum effect differed between the two species. Thirty millitesla fields, but not 15 mT fields, caused an eightfold increase in the incidence of exogastrulation in Lytechinus pictus, whereas neither of these fields produced exogastrulation in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
Impaired mitophagy leads to cigarette smoke stress-induced cellular senescence: Implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanism by which CS induces cellular senescence is unknown. Here, we show that CS stress (exposure of primary lung cells to CS extract 0.2-0.75% with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ∼0.5%) led to impaired mitophagy and perinuclear accumulation of damaged mitochondria associated with cellular senescence in both human lung fibroblasts and small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). Impaired mitophagy was attributed to reduced Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria, which was due to CS-induced cytoplasmic p53 accumulation and its interaction with Parkin. Impaired Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria was also observed in mouse lungs with emphysema (6 months CS exposure, 100 mg TPM/m(3)) as well as in lungs of chronic smokers and patients with COPD. Primary SAECs from patients with COPD also exhibited impaired mitophagy and increased cellular senescence via suborganellar signaling. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (Mito-Tempo) restored impaired mitophagy, decreased mitochondrial mass accumulation, and delayed cellular senescence in Parkin-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, defective mitophagy leads to CS stress-induced lung cellular senescence, and restoring mitophagy delays cellular senescence, which provides a promising therapeutic intervention in chronic airway diseases.
Quantifying the Early Immune Response and Adaptive Immune Response Kinetics in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

Seasonal and pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) continues to be a public health threat. However, we lack a detailed and quantitative understanding of the immune response kinetics to IAV infection and which biological parameters most strongly influence infection outcomes. To address these issues, we use modeling approaches combined with experimental data to quantitatively investigate the innate and adaptive immune responses to primary IAV infection. Mathematical models were developed to describe the dynamic interactions between target (epithelial) cells, influenza virus, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and virus-specific IgG and IgM. IAV and immune kinetic parameters were estimated by fitting models to a large data set obtained from primary H3N2 IAV infection of 340 mice. Prior to a detectable virus-specific immune response (before day 5), the estimated half-life of infected epithelial cells is ∼1.2 days, and the half-life of free infectious IAV is ∼4 h. During the adaptive immune response (after day 5), the average half-life of infected epithelial cells is ∼0.5 days, and the average half-life of free infectious virus is ∼1.8 min. During the adaptive phase, model fitting confirms that CD8 + CTLs are crucial for limiting infected cells, while virus-specific IgM regulates free IAV levels. This may imply that CD4 T cells and class-switched IgG antibodies are more relevant for generating IAV-specific memory and preventing future infection via a more rapid secondary immune response. Also, simulation studies were performed to understand the relative contributions of biological parameters to IAV clearance. This study provides a basis to better understand and predict influenza virus immunity.
Energy barriers for dipole moment flipping in PVDF-related ferroelectric polymers

Energy barriers for flipping the transverse dipole moments in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and related copolymers and terpolymers are predicted using the nudged elastic band method. The dipole moments flip individually along the chain, with an order and energy barrier magnitudes (0.1-1.2 eV) that depend on the chain composition and environment. Trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and chlorofluoroethylene (CFE) monomers have larger energy barriers than VDF monomers, while a chain in an amorphous environment has a similar transition pathway as that of an isolated molecule. In a crystalline environment, TrFE and CFE monomers expand the lattice and lower the energy barriers for flipping VDF monomers. This finding is consistent with experimental observations of a large electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymers.
Fraud, the Unauthorized Practice of Law and Unmet Needs: A Look at State Laws Regulating Immigration Assistants

Several states, through licensing statutes, permit non-attorneys to provide limited services to immigrants in filling out and filing immigration forms. These service providers, called immigration assistants or consultants, are intended by these states to address the needs of immigrants and curb the fairly widespread fraud and unauthorized practice of law that currently occurs in immigrant communities. This article examines these laws, reviewing their common provisions and providing an evaluation of their constitutionality and effectiveness. I identify two problems with these laws. First, federal law already provides a comprehensive scheme for accrediting non-attorneys to provide services to low-income immigrants. There are good reasons to conclude that the federal regulations preempt these state laws. Second, I raise questions about the effectiveness of these laws. Given that the real problem is a lack of affordable legal services, the regulation of immigration assistants is not likely to stop the abuses presently occurring because immigration assistants are prohibited from practicing law. I conclude with a proposal to broaden the non-attorney accreditation rules at the federal level, which would significantly increase the competition that lawyers face in the practice of immigration law. This threat may compel state bar associations to respond to the legal needs of immigrants.
"Shift work" improves survival and reduces intensive care unit use in seriously injured patients.

We assessed whether a trauma service model with an emphasis on continuity of care by using "shift work" will improve trauma outcomes and cost. This was a case-control cohort study that took place at a university-affiliated Level I trauma center. All patients (n=4283) evaluated for traumatic injuries between May 1, 2002 and April 30, 2004 were included. During Period I (May 1, 2002 to April 30, 2003), a rotating off-service team provided initial management between 5:00 PM and 7:00 AM. The "day team" provided all other care and was responsible for continuity of care. In Period II (May 1, 2003 to April 30, 2004), a dedicated trauma service consisting of two resident teams evaluated all injured patients. Variables included hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation requirements, hospital mortality, and hospital care costs. Demographics and injury mechanism for both periods were similar, but Injury Severity Score (ISS) in Period II was greater (ISS, 8.2% vs. 7.2%, P 15, 18.5% vs. 15.4%). In the more severely injured (ISS > 15), patients in Period II had shorter hospital LOS (8.6 vs. 9.7 days, P = 0.98), a shorter ICU LOS (5.5 vs. 7.7 days, P = 0.039), shorter mechanical ventilator requirements (5.5 vs. 7.7 days, P = 0.32), improved hospital mortality rate (19.9% vs. 26.8%, P = 0.029), and decreased hospital costs (19,146 dollars vs. 21,274 dollars, P = 0.36). On multivariate analysis, factors affecting mortality and LOS included age, initial vital signs, injury type, and ISS. Overall, the two trauma service models resulted in similar outcomes. Although multivariate analysis revealed that treatment period did not affect mortality, our study revealed improved patient survival and reduction in LOS and cost for the severely injured in Period II.
Elastic Functional Coding of Riemannian Trajectories

Visual observations of dynamic phenomena, such as human actions, are often represented as sequences of smoothly-varying features. In cases where the feature spaces can be structured as Riemannian manifolds, the corresponding representations become trajectories on manifolds. Analysis of these trajectories is challenging due to non-linearity of underlying spaces and high-dimensionality of trajectories. In vision problems, given the nature of physical systems involved, these phenomena are better characterized on a low-dimensional manifold compared to the space of Riemannian trajectories. For instance, if one does not impose physical constraints of the human body, in data involving human action analysis, the resulting representation space will have highly redundant features. Learning an effective, low-dimensional embedding for action representations will have a huge impact in the areas of search and retrieval, visualization, learning, and recognition. Traditional manifold learning addresses this problem for static points in the euclidean space, but its extension to Riemannian trajectories is non-trivial and remains unexplored. The difficulty lies in inherent non-linearity of the domain and temporal variability of actions that can distort any traditional metric between trajectories. To overcome these issues, we use the framework based on transported square-root velocity fields (TSRVF); this framework has several desirable properties, including a rate-invariant metric and vector space representations. We propose to learn an embedding such that each action trajectory is mapped to a single point in a low-dimensional euclidean space, and the trajectories that differ only in temporal rates map to the same point. We utilize the TSRVF representation, and accompanying statistical summaries of Riemannian trajectories, to extend existing coding methods such as PCA, KSVD and Label Consistent KSVD to Riemannian trajectories or more generally to Riemannian functions. We show that such coding efficiently captures trajectories in applications such as action recognition, stroke rehabilitation, visual speech recognition, clustering and diverse sequence sampling. Using this framework, we obtain state-of-the-art recognition results, while reducing the dimensionality/complexity by a factor of $100-250\times$ . Since these mappings and codes are invertible, they can also be used to interactively visualize Riemannian trajectories and synthesize actions.
Diffuse mucosal ganglioneuromatosis of the colon associated with adenocarcinoma.

A case of diffuse (npnpolypoid) ganglioneuromatosis of the colon found in association with an adenocarcinoma is described. The virtual confinement of this process to the mucosa implies a mucosal origin. A possible relationship of this lesion to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b is briefly discussed.
Surveillance of related information of sudden public health events in Shenzhen(2010-2011)

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of sudden occurred public health events in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2011. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of public health events from national public health emergency reporting system. Results The 57 public health events were reported from 2010 to 2011. There were 1 extremely major event(0.3%),1 major event(1.75%),5 normal events(8.77%) and 51 unrated events(89.47%). 11 and 12 public health events occurred in April and September,accounting for 19.30% and 21.05% of all public health events respectively. 21(38.89%)public health events occurred in factories and communities, 17(31.48%)public health emergencies occurred in primary schools. Conclusions As the main public health events, communicable disease related events in Shenzhen usually occurred in April and September. Meanwhile,they were prone to occur in factories(communities)and primary schools. Thus it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of communicable diseases in factories(communities)and primary schools.
Comparison of Development of Pre-Service Elementary School Teachers' Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching in China and The United States——With the Multiplication and Division of Fractions as an Example

The pre-service elementary school teachers are familiar with the algorithm for multiplication and division of fractions whether in China or America, but the use of knowledge in teaching and its development are different:(1) Knowledge Method dimension. For Chinese students, they are clear about the algorithm for multiplication and division of fractions and their computation results are correct. The American students' comprehension of its concept has limits and sometimes has deviation.(2) Dimension of understanding representation. The American students' understanding of knowledge and representation are divergent and diversified. For Chinese students, their understanding of knowledge and representation are heterogeneous. Chinese students are skilled in the calculation of numbers and symbols. The American students are supposed to be good at representing the problem situation.(3) Dimension of teaching strategy. American and Chinese students' mathematical knowledge for teaching is extending, but the extending level is modest. By contrast, The American students' progress is evident. Both of them have preferable procedure knowledge of the operation of the multiplication and division of fraction, but their mathematical knowledge for teaching practice is deficient.
Large-Cell Calcifying Sertoli Cell Tumor

AbstractWe report on a 20-year-old man with a left testicular mass clinically believed to be a malignant neoplasm but subsequently identified as a large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor. This is a rare form of Sertoli cell tumor with unique clinical and pathological features only recently described in the literature. The neoplasm has a low malignant potential with only 1 patient known to have had metastasis.The tumor occurs primarily during the first 2 decades of life and has been associated with endocrine disorders and cardiac myxoma. The clinician should be mindful of this tumor because of its low malignant potential and the necessity to evaluate individuals for endocrine and cardiac abnormalities.
Hepatitis B prevention: practices and attitudes of physicians and dentists.

A survey of community-based physicians and dentists from the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area was conducted to assess the practices and attitudes of these health professionals relative to hepatitis B prevention. Mail questionnaires were sent to 200 physicians and 200 dentists. An overall response rate of 50 percent was obtained with one follow-up to all nonrespondents. The preventive practices adopted by the physicians were found to differ significantly from those of the dentists, including risk factors, history taking, using gloves and/or masks, and routinely screening for serologic markers. The physicians were significantly more likely than the dentists to be unwilling to take a safe, effective, hepatitis vaccine (p Though most survey respondents believed that if they were to become a hepatitis B chronic carrier, it would be better to know about it. Twenty six percent of the physicians and 14 percent of the dentists believed that not knowing about being a chronic carrier would be protective in a legal action against them. A majority of all of the health professionals surveyed felt that knowing their carrier status could jeopardize their career.
Coherent Phase State and Squeezed Phase State

Because of its importance for achieving the ultimate quantum limits on phase measurement,1,2 we have been investigating the properties of the Susskind-Glogower (SG) phase operator;3 for a single mode of the radiation field whose annihilation operator is â, the SG phase operator is $$\widehat {{e^{i\phi }}} \equiv {\left( {\hat a{{\hat a}^\dag }} \right)^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}}}\hat a.$$ (1) As part of this investigation we have derived a new number-phase uncertainty principle,4 that arises from the Fourier-transform duality between the number and phase representations of an arbitrary state. In this paper, we report results we have obtained for two new classes of states related to the SG phase operator—the coherent phase states and the squeezed phase states. We identified these classes while pursuing a realization approach for the SG phase measurement based on an analogy with the heterodynedetection realization5 of the annihilation operator measurement—they are the phase operator versions of the familiar coherent states and squeezed states associated with the annihilation operator.
Systematics of organic-walled microfossils from the ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona

Abstract The ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, provides an exceptional record of life during the diversification of crown-group eukaryotes, just prior to the first Cryogenian glaciation. We document in detail the assemblage of organic-walled microfossils preserved in fine-grained siliciclastics throughout the unit. In contrast with earlier studies, we primarily used SEM to document fossil morphologies, augmented by transmitted light microscopy, FIB-SEM, and TEM. This resulted in the discovery of new species and the recognition of broad-ranging, intraspecific biological and taphonomic variation in other species. Twenty-two species and five unnamed morphotypes are described, including three new species: Kaibabia gemmulella, Microlepidopalla mira, and Volleyballia dehlerae; two new combinations: Galerosphaera walcottii and Lanulatisphaera laufeldii; and 17 previously described forms. The possible colonial green alga Palaeastrum dyptocranum Butterfield in Butterfield, Knoll, and Swett, 1994 a...
In Situ Root Volume Estimation Using Ground Penetrating Radar

ABSTRACT A ground penetrating radar (GPR) and root excavation study were conducted to determine the efficacy of GPR for estimating subsurface tree root volume. The survey was conducted in sandy soil, which is favorable for GPR imaging. The tree was a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) that was isolated from other trees to minimize outside influences. GPR antenna frequencies of 450 MHz, 900 MHz, and 1200 MHz were used to map subsurface profiles over a 9-m2 sample grid, and six 1-m2 cells of the root system were subsequently excavated to a depth of 1 m for verification. The 900 MHz GPR was successful at mapping the larger tree roots (>2 cm) and some smaller roots (<2 cm). A simple approach based on average signal strength was used to estimate root volume from the GPR data. The total root volume estimate based on the GPR data compared well with the total root volume determined from the in situ measurements when information from all of the excavated cells was used (<2% error). However, accuracy reduced significantly...
Pathology After Neoadjuvant Treatments

The main objective is to accurately identify the sites of primary tumor bed (that may or may not contain residual cancer cells) and any residual lymph node metastases, so that the extent of residual cancer can be measured and reported. Of course, the tumor bed can become very subtle after effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and improving treatments make this ever more likely. Posttreatment residual disease is often detected by light palpation of the sliced breast specimen even more easily than it is observed by visual inspection. Sometimes that is in an area of ill-defined fibrosis. Fortunately, the communication between pathologists, surgeons, and radiologists has greatly improved and, combined with innovations in preoperative localization, has greatly improved the precision of pathologic evaluation.
Monomethyl fumarate treatment impairs maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells and their ability to activate T cells.

Background:Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) effectively lead to reduction in disease relapses and active magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions. DMF and...
Molecular and histological effects of MR-guided pulsed focused ultrasound to the rat heart.

Image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound has been used as an extracorporeal cardiac pacing tool and to enhance homing of stem cells to targeted tissues. However, molecular changes in the myocardium after sonication have not been widely investigated. Magnetic-resonance (MR)-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) was targeted to the rat myocardium over a range of pressures and the microenvironmental and histological effects were evaluated over time. Eight-to-ten-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats received T2-weighted MR images to target pFUS to the left ventricular and septum without cardiac or respiratory gating. Rats were sonicated through the thoracic wall at peak negative pressures (PNP) from 1 to 8 MPa at a center frequency of 1 MHz, 10 ms pulse duration and 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency for 100 pulses per focal target. Following pFUS, myocardium was harvested over 24 h and subjected to imaging, proteomic, and histological measurements. pFUS to the myocardium increased expression of cytokines, chemokines, and trophic factors characterized by an initial increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α followed by increases in pro- and anti-inflammatory factors that returned to baseline by 24 h. Immediately after pFUS, there was a transient ( 4 MPa. MR-guided pFUS to myocardium induced transient proteomic and histological changes. The temporal proteomic changes in the myocardium indicate a short-lived sterile inflammatory response consistent with ischemia or contusion. Further study of myocardial function and strain is needed to determine if pFUS could be developed as an experimental model of cardiac injury and chest trauma.
Mind the Gaps

Every story omits certain details for reasons of economy or effectiveness. Wolfgang Iser called these programmatic omissions “gaps” and ruled that readers were encouraged to fill them in with a range of possibilities, but not just any possibility. This essay considers the hermeneutics of gaps (what counts as correct and incorrect fillings of gaps? to what extent are gaps medium-specific?), the phenomenology of gaps (how much freedom do we have in filling in gaps? to what extent are we able, and to what extent obliged, to fill them in? must we fill in every gap, and if not, how can we tell which gaps to leave blank?), and the erotics of gaps (to what extent do gaps define the ways we read different texts? in what ways does the pleasure we take in texts depend on gaps?).
Influence of oral antibiotics on digestive function in Holstein steers fed a 71% concentrate diet.

Four Holstein steers (164 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to evaluate the effects of oral antibiotic administration on characteristics of digestion of a 71% concentrate diet. Treatments were as follows: 1) no antibiotic; 2) 350 mg.steer-1.d-1 of chlortetracycline (CTC) provided in the feed (A350); 3) 350 mg.steer-1.d-1 of CTC plus 350 mg.steer-1.d-1 of sulfamethazine provided in the feed (AS700); 4) 22 mg of CTC/kg BW (3.6 g.steer-1.d-1) provided in the drinking water (A3600). Drinking water intake averaged 23.5 L/d and was not affected (P > .10) by treatments. Antibiotic treatments increased passage (P .10) on ruminal pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Victor Klee: Big Results

This chapter reflects on three big results from 2010, on unique games, Boolean circuits with modular counting, and lower bounds against the simplex method of linear programming. The last connects to foundational work by Klee with George Minty.
Building a Total Bioartificial Heart: Harnessing Nature to Overcome the Current Hurdles

Engineering a bioartificial heart has become a possibility in part because of the regenerative medicine approaches to repairing or replacing damaged organs that have evolved over the past two decades. With the advent of inducible pluripotent stem cell technology, it is now possible to generate personalized cells that make the concept of autologous tissue engineering imaginable. Scaffolds that provide form, function, and biological cues to cells likewise potentially enable the engineering of biocompatible vascularized solid organs. Decellularized organs or tissue matrices retain organ complexity and structure at the macro and micro scales, contain biologically active molecules that support cell phenotype and function, and are vascularized allowing full thickness tissue generation. There is also dynamic reciprocity between the extracellular matrix and cells, which does not occur with synthetic scaffolds and allows both to evolve as functional need changes, making it a unique scaffold. Yet, building a whole heart from decellularized scaffolds and cells requires delivering hundreds of billions of multiple types of cardiac cells appropriately and providing a milieu where they can survive and mature. We propose a novel type of in vivo organ engineering utilizing pre-clinical models where decellularized hearts are heterotopically transplanted with the intent to harness the capability of the body to at least in part repopulate the scaffold. By adding load and electrical input, possibly via temporary mechanical assistance, we posit that vascular and parenchymal cell maturation can occur. In this study, we implanted porcine decellularized hearts acutely and chronically in living recipients in a heterotopic position. We demonstrated that the surgical procedure is critical to prevent coagulation and to increase graft patency. We also demonstrated that short-term implantation promotes endothelial cell adhesion to the vessel lumens and that long-term implantation also promotes tissue formation with evidence of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells present within the graft. Utilizing endogenous repair capabilities of the recipient in response to a naked ECM, we allowed the transplanted scaffold to direct host cells-both organizationally and functionally. Thus, the scaffold provided necessary cues for cell organization and remodeling within the transplanted organ. Future work would involve culturing partially recellularized engineered organs in bioreactors where mechanical and electrical stimulation can be controlled to promote organ development and then transplanting these after a minimal level of maturation has been achieved.
The Dermal Exposure Risk Management and Logic eTookit: Characterizing and managing dermal exposure during emergency management operations

Objective: Emergency management and operations (EMO) personnel require up-to-date information to make informed decisions during natural and manmade disasters. However, information gaps present challenges for accessing human health risk assessment and risk management strategies for dermal exposure. This article describes the development of a decision support system, the Dermal Exposure Risk Management and Logic (DERMaL) eToolkit. Design: The DERMaL eToolkit provides information on key resources used in emergency incidents. Resources were classified according to response phase, resource categories, and information category and evaluated on reliability, accessibility, and preference by subject matter experts in emergency management fields. These rankings were used to generate a value of information score, unique for each resource, which aids in developing reference lists for users during each incident phase. Results: This tool will identify and prioritize information resources on dermal risks, and can readily find the most relevant information to suit EMO needs. Conclusion: The DERMaL eToolkit can be used as an aid in finding information resources targeted to scenario-driven needs by providing well-vetted and prioritized resources related to dermal hazards, exposure, and risk assessments for EMO.
The Role of the Educational Leadership Program Coordinator (PC) in University–K-12 School District Partnership Development:

The researchers explored educational leadership program coordinator (PC) roles in developing university–K-12 school district partnerships. Little is known in regards to the PC’s role in educational...
Factors Predicting the Inclusion of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Affirmative Content Taught in Couple and Family Therapy Courses

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between Couple and Family Therapy (CFT) faculty members’ Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) clinical competence and the level of LGB affirmative therapy content they teach in their courses. Hierarchical regression analyses of 117 faculty in accredited CFT programs suggest that faculty members’ own reported competence to work with LGB clients predicted their inclusion of LGB affirmative course content in the courses they teach. Important gender effects also emerged suggesting that women faculty are more likely than men to teach LGB affirmative course material. Results suggest important implications for CFT faculty, training programs, and accreditation standards.
How ‘Democratic’ Was the Pauline Ekklēsia? An Assessment with Special Reference to the Christ Groups of Roman Corinth

Several recent studies have argued for the importance of democratic practices and ideology for a proper understanding of the issues and debates reflected in Paul's Corinthian correspondence. This new perspective stands in tension with older scholarship which emphasised the role of patronage in the structure and dynamics of the house churches that made up the ekklēsia of Christ-believers at Corinth. This essay draws upon new research into the political sociology of Greek cities in the early Empire, which highlights evidence of the continuing vitality of democratic assemblies (ekklēsiai) in the first and second centuries, despite the limitations imposed upon local autonomy by Roman rule. Special attention is devoted to the epigraphic evidence of first-century Corinth, whose political institutions and social relations were those of a Roman colony. The essay seeks to ascertain whether the politics of the Christ groups mimicked those of the city in which they were located or represented an alternative.
Factor IX for treating factor XI deficiency

Deficiency of the plasma protein factor XI (FXI) may be associated with excessive trauma-induced bleeding, particularly when injury involves the nasopharynx, mouth or urinary tract.1-3 In this issue of Blood, Bakhtiari and Meijers present data that point to a novel approach for treating or preventing bleeding in this disorder.4
Climate Change, FERC, and Natural Gas Pipelines: The Legal Basis for Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Section 7 of the Natural Gas Act

As the federal agency charged with overseeing the interstate transportation of natural gas, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”) has recently faced growing criticism over its approval of new pipelines. Critics have lambasted FERC for failing to adequately consider the climate change impacts of pipeline development, particularly the greenhouse gas emissions associated with “upstream” natural gas production and “downstream” use. The D.C. Circuit recently weighed in, holding that the National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) requires consideration of downstream greenhouse gas emissions, at least in some circumstances. The precise scope of that requirement continues to be debated before FERC, in the courts, and among scholars. While recognizing the importance of that debate, this Article approaches the issue from a different perspective, exploring whether the Natural Gas Act (“NGA”) establishes an independent requirement for FERC to consider climate change impacts, including upstream and/or downstream greenhouse gas emissions. Under section 7 of the NGA, before approving any interstate natural gas pipeline, FERC must find that it “is or will be required by the present or future public convenience and necessity.” FERC’s finding must be based on an evaluation of all factors bearing on the public interest which necessitates a broad-ranging assessment of the need for pipeline development, its benefits, and costs. This Article contends that, as part of its assessment, FERC must account for the full climate change and other environmental impacts of pipeline development. To support that contention, the Article offers an in-depth look at the history of section 7 of the NGA, and its interpretation by the courts. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of how environmental factors are dealt with by FERC, showing that the Commission historically viewed downstream environmental impacts as a key factor to be considered under section 7 of the NGA, but now largely ignores them. The courts are yet to fully address whether section 7 of the NGA requires FERC to consider upstream and/or downstream environmental impacts when certifying pipeline projects. However, the existence of such a requirement is strongly supported by the language and history of section 7, as well as the case law and administrative materials interpreting it. Indeed, FERC cannot fulfill its statutory obligation under section 7 to ensure pipeline development is required by the public convenience and necessity, without considering upstream and downstream impacts. FERC must, therefore, change its current approach to evaluating pipeline projects. That change could have significant implications for the approval of future projects since, after accounting for environmental impacts, FERC may be unable to conclude that a project is required by the public convenience and necessity.
How Much Do Nurses Know About Residents

Nurses work closely with residents on a daily basis but may not understand the details about residency training and experience. We investigated our institution to understand misconceptions nurses m...
Category coherence in children's inductive inferences with cross-classified entities

Abstract Items rarely belong to a single category, but rather can be cross-classified into many categories, each serving a very different basis for induction. Presently, little is known about how children determine which category to use for induction in cross-classification situations. This research examined the role of category coherence in children's and adults’ ( N = 329) inductive reasoning about cross-classified entities. In Study 1 and 2, participants were presented with a person who could be cross-classified into two categories, one coherent and the other incoherent. Category coherence is the extent to which members of a category and/or the properties of a category make sense together, given one's background knowledge. The results showed that by age 5 years, children are systematic in their use of coherence, tending to select the coherent category to inform their inference about the person. There is weaker evidence for 4-year-olds. Study 3 and 4 revealed that 4-year-olds have an appreciation for coherence in tasks of categorization. The results of Study 5 demonstrated 5-year-olds’ and adults’ tendency to use coherence when reasoning about cross-classified entities across different induction tasks. Overall, these results contribute to our emerging understanding of how and why children select some categories versus others during induction with cross-classified items.
Counterfactual similarity, nomic indiscernibility, and the paradox of quidditism

Aristotle is essentially human; that is, for all possible worlds metaphysically consistent with our own, if Aristotle exists, then he is human. This is a claim about the essential property of an ob...
Распознавание символьной информации для автоматизации производственных процессов

Purpose of research. Nowadays optical character recognition systems have a high level of dependence on the specific type of marking that is to be recognized, and therefore, the creation of a universal solution is an important and difficult task. The paper considers the issue of creating a system for recognizing symbolic information that can be used at various stages of production to automate processes in control systems, in particular, to analyze the labeling of circuit breakers. Methods. Binarization, filtering, and boundary detection are digital image processing techniques. Line search method, baseline search method, word splitting algorithms, image enhancement methods by segmentation, damaged characters recognition method, an algorithm for increasing the final recognition quality are character recognition methods. Results. The analysis of algorithms used for preprocessing and subsequent recognition of images containing marking of circuit breakers is carried out. The mathematical model of image processing for subsequent recognition has been created. We have described methods used to define marking symbols. Illustrative examples of the operation of the algorithms on which the system is built are given. The obtained solution was tested. The ways of system development are described here, they can lead to improved results, for particular use cases. Conclusion. It is proposed a solution that recognizes symbolic information on the labeling of circuit breakers, which can be the basis for the development and description of systems serving for the automation of production, by transferring information read from the product during the production process. This system, by its example, describes the components of character recognition systems, and for direct use, it needs to be refined in accordance with the technical requirements and the specifics of the conditions in which it will be used.
Managing the Disruptive Effects of 3D Printing

As an effective alternative to mass production, 3D printing is capable of economically producing small quantities in local markets, making goods to order based on customer preferences, and generating little waste. 3D printing also has the potential to disrupt the Chinese economy as its manufacturing is based on economies of scale and the use of low-skilled workers. The ability of 3D printing to integrate many components into one product has major implications for supply chain relationships. This paper contrasts 3D printing with traditional manufacturing and mass customization. It explores the disruptive effects of 3D printing and examines key managerial issues in implementing 3D printing. Strategies to compete against 3D competitors (niche-based products, mass customization, inventory-based strategies, and outsourcing) are discussed.
Dermato-pharmacology in Older Patients

Safely prescribing medications to older dermatology patients is a complicated task. The practitioner is likely to encounter several age-related challenges when prescribing to older adult dermatology patients. These challenges might not be common in younger populations. First, pertinent age-related physiologic changes that can cause medications to affect older patients differently are overviewed. Next, psychosocial and ethical factors that might impact prescribing practices are discussed. Then, different types of medication errors that can occur are described. Many of these errors, such as polypharmacy, can be anticipated by applying geropharmacologic principles. Other errors, such as underprescription, might seem counterintuitive. These concepts are synthesized into evidence-based prescribing strategies for older adults, and areas of research gaps are then highlighted. Practical examples of potential prescribing pitfalls are also provided. Complementary therapies, which are increasingly being used by older adults and which can interact with dermatologic medications or even cause dermatologic problems, are also briefly outlined.