cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of deuterated optically active verapamil and gallopamil, and of N‐13C‐methyl‐verapamil

Deuterated (-)-verapamil, (2S)-(-)-2-(2,5,6-2H3-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-[(2,5,6-2H3-3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)methylamino]valeronitrile, and its analog (-)-2H5-gallopamil, (2S)-(-)-2-(2,6-2H2-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-5-[(2,5,6-2H3-3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)methylamino]valeronitrile, were prepared. (-)-Gallopamil readily incorporated five atoms of deuterium into the available positions in the aromatic rings. (-)-2H6-Verapamil was prepared from ring trideuterated 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid and (2S)-(+)-triphenyl-methoxy-2-[(methanesulfonyl)oxy]propane. Three additional atoms of deuterium were incorporated into the aromatic ring of the N-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine moiety incorporated as the the short N-alkyl side chain. N-13C-Methylverapamil was prepared from N-13C-methyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.
Visual versus computer evaluation of thiopental-induced EEG changes in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract Thiopental-induced EEG beta activity was analyzed both visually and by computer in 33 patients with complex partial epilepsy. Studies were done in 16 patients with depth electrodes in limbic structures and 17 patients with scalp and sphenoidal electrodes. The percentage of drug-induced change in beta activity was quantified by computer using spectral analysis. The statistical significance of asymmetries between homologous sites in the amount of change was determined. The spatial distribution of significant asymmetries was used for localization and compared with the results of independent visual analysis of the thiopental EEG. Concordance between computer and visual evaluation occurred in 10 of 17 scalp/sphenoidal and 10 of 16 depth electrode tests. The accuracy of visual and computer localization was determined by comparing them with locus of itcal EEG onset, interictal spikes, and positron emission tomography. In scalp/sphenoidal studies, computer analysis indicating asymmetry appeared more likely to correlate with independent clinical criteria than visual analysis. In depth studies the reverse appeared to be true. Scalp/sphenoidal tests yielded positive results in 25–30% of patients whereas depth electrode tests were positive in 50–70% of patients. The results indicate that computer analysis of surface thiopental tests is an accurate and useful supplement to visual evaluation of these tests.
WHOSE RIGHTS, AND WHAT's THE DIFFERENCE? A CRITIQUE OF BETH SINGER'S “HUMAN RIGHTS: SOME CURRENT ISSUES”

In this article I argue against the rights-based framework defining the abortion debate, and do so by considering the views of Beth Singer, a philosopher whose work conveys a broadly pragmatist formulation of traditional rights-based language. Although Singer's schema presents a fruitful vantage point from which to consider the abortion question through the discourse of rights, even Singer's use of the language of rights ultimately fails adequately to address the subject. I challenge Singer's view by taking up John Dewey's concept of reflective morality, elucidated in his 1932 Ethics.
Acquiring Latin American books

Abstract A voluminous body of literature generated mostly by SALALM constitutes the major source of information for librarians seeking to acquire Latin American books. Although several problems inherent in the Latin American book trade continue to plague acquisitions librarians, a fairly standard methodology has evolved from the collective experience of many Latin American area bibliographers. SALALM, by providing the forum for a continuing dialogue on these problems, has assisted librarians in developing and refining these techniques. More recently, dwindling financial resources and inflation have created additional difficulties for libraries; nevertheless, collections of Latin Americana continue to be developed thanks to the channels of communication established over the last 25 years among librarians and between librarians and bookdealers.
Ethanol production from pentoses and sugar-cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate by Mucor and Fusarium species

Abstract The fermentation of carbohydrates and hemicellulose hydrolysate by Mucor and Fusarium species has been investigated, with the following results. Both Mucor and Fusarium species are able to ferment various sugars and alditols, including d -glucose, pentoses and xylitol, to ethanol. Mucor is able to ferment sugar-cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate to ethanol. Fusarium F5 is not able to ferment sugar-cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate to ethanol. During fermentation of hemicellulose hydrolysates, d -glucose was utilized first, followed by d -xylose and l -arabinose. Small amounts of xylitol were produced by Mucor from d -xylose through oxidoreduction reactions, presumably mediated by the enzyme aldose reductase 1 (alditol: NADP + 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21). For pentose fermentation, d -xylose was the preferred substrate. Only small amounts of ethanol were produced from l -arabinose and d -arabitol. No ethanol was produced from l -xylose, d -arabinose or l -arabitol.
Ridge Regression: Applications to Nonorthogonal Problems

This paper is an exposition of the use of ridge regression methods. Two examples from the literature are used as a base. Attention is focused on the RIDGE TRACE which is a two-dimensional graphical procedure for portraying the complex relationships in multifactor data. Recommendations are made for obtaining a better regression equation than that given by ordinary least squares estimation.
Virulence Alterations of Tacaribe Virus Infection in Adult Mice: Lethal Model for Fatal Encephalitis.

Selection of populations of Tacaribe virus strain 11573 lethal for mice was carried out by serial intracerebral passage of the virus in adult mice. Viral populations have been characterized by determination of virulence for suckling, weanling, and adult mice, and by histopathologic changes observed in brains of adult mice after intracerebral inoculation. Some of the virus preparations produced 80 to 90 per cent mortality after two or three intracerebral passages in adult mice and maintained this virulence for 1 to 3 passages, after which the virulence rapidly declined with subsequent passages. Clinical signs of infection in adult mice were manifested by a rough hair-coat, ventriflexed posture, diminished activity, increased excitability, flaccid hind-limb extension with progressive paralysis and death. Histologic examination revealed meningoencephalitis.
Kinetic effects in the acceleration of auroral electrons in small scale Alfven waves: A FAST case study

[1] In this report we examine the importance of ion and electron kinetic effects in the acceleration of electrons in small scale Alfven waves above the auroral oval. We implement a 1-D two-fluid MHD code approximating the effects of electron inertia and ion and electron temperatures to evaluate their role in accounting for the observed energies of field-aligned electron bursts found in coincidence with these waves above the auroral oval. FAST spacecraft data for a case study event characterized by large auroral ion energies and a hot plasma sheet is employed to define the plasma through which the wave propagates. It is found that strong kinetic effects at altitudes below 5 Earth radii may significantly reduce the amount of electron acceleration possible in the wave in terms of both energy and flux.
Atypical manifestations of two cases of trisomy 9 syndrome: Rethinking development delay

Trisomy 9 syndrome is characterized by "bulbous" nose, microphthalmia, dislocated limbs, and other anomalies of skeletal, cardiac, genitourinary, and central nervous systems. With the exception of one reported case study, all surviving infants have had severe mental impairment. The prospect of severe mental retardation often overwhelms parents who are faced with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 9. We report on two new cases of mosaic trisomy 9, both of whom are only mildly developmentally delayed. One patient presented with the distinctive facial appearance, large fontanels, and joint abnormalities. The other had none of the typical congenital abnormalities. However, the patient was found to have a congenital heart defect and hypoplastic left heart syndrome, which to our knowledge has not been reported previously in the trisomy 9 syndrome. When these two patients are added to the published patients with this syndrome, there appears to be a range of manifestations, especially with respect to mental status, which has not fully been recognized.
Rhetoric, Service, and Social Justice.

This article looks at how the discipline of rhetoric may be helpful when thinking about methods for social justice. Specifically, it explores how rhetoric and composition can help those interested in social justice to construct knowledge that is both multidisciplinary and intercultural, to view the constructive processes of research participants, and to develop reflective research methods. One such method may be the Community Problem-Solving Dialogue, a rhetorically strategic method for sharing and building knowledge between the community and university. Specifically, this article studies how students in graduate policy courses both successfully and unsuccessfully used the strategies in the Community Problem-Solving Dialogue in community-university collaborations.
1061 Atorvastatin inhibits mitral regurgitation in an experimental hypercholesterolemia rabbit model

Degenerative mitral regurgitation is the most common cause of mitral regurgitation in the United States. Recent epidemiologic studies have linked degenerative mitral valve disease and risk factors for atherosclerosis. In the current study, we studied a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model with and without atorvastatin to determine the cellular mechanisms of mitral leaflet abnormalities. Methods: 48 Watanabe rabbits were assigned to one of 3 groups: cholesterol (1%) diet, cholesterol (1%) plus atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), and normal diet for six months. The rabbits underwent transesophageal echocardiograms and then the mitral valves were harvested. Electron microscopy, immunohistologic staining, and Real-time PCR was performed. Immunohistologic staining of the mitral valves was performed using atherosclerotic markers macrophage (RAM11), alpha -actin smooth muscle, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). Bone matrix expression was determined by staining for osteopontin, osteocalcin, alizarin Red and measuring alkaline phosphatase gene expression. A 4-point grading system was used to visually describe the staining on each of the slides (0=no staining, 4=high staining). Real-time PCR was performed was performed to measure alkaline phosphatase gene expression. Results: Mitral regurgitation (3+), Macrophage (3.5+/-0.7), alpha-actin (4+/-0), osteopontin (4+/-0), osteocalcin (2.5+/-0.7), PCNA (4+/-0) and alkaline phosphatase (0.479+/-0.286) were increased the mitral valves from the cholesterol treated rabbits (p<0.05 as compared to control mitral valves). Alkaline phosphatase was unchanged in the control versus cholesterol treatment groups. Atorvastatin decreased the amount of mitral regurgitation (1+), atherosclerotic proliferative changesincluding macrophage (2.5+/-0.7), osteopontin (1.5+/-0.7), osteocalcin (2.5+/-0.7), PCNA (2+/-0) and alkaline phosphatase expression (0.479+/-0.286) in these treated valves. Conclusion: Experimental hypercholesterolemia induces proliferation and osteopontin expression in the mitral valve that may potentially be modified with the use of a lipid-lowering agent.
Spatial uniformity of organic sulphur in macerals

Abstract The chemical and biological reactions that result in the formation of pyrite have the possibility of affecting the organic sulphur concentration in the vicinity of the pyrite particles. Suggestions have been made than an enhancement of organic sulphur might occur near a framboid. Using transmission electron microscopy techniques, it has been determined that the organic sulphur content of specimens of two Illinois coals does not increase over the average value to within 1 μm of the pyrite.
Stimulation of Egg Laying: Possible Neuroendocrine Function of Bag Cells of Abdominal Ganglion of Aplysia californica

Two groups of identified cells in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica have been classified as neurosecretory on the basis of several morphological features1,2. These are the two clusters of bag cells and the white cells R3–R14 (Fig. 1). To investigate the possible neurosecretory function of this ganglion I homogenized four ganglia, and injected the material into the haemocoel of a small animal. Twelve hours later I found a string of gelatinous material resembling the eggs which are occasionally laid by larger animals. This suggested that the ganglion contains a substance which stimulates egg laying. To examine this possibility further four ganglia from large animals (500–700 g) were homogenized in 0.25 ml. of sea water in a small glass tissue grinder fitted with a glass pestle. The resulting suspension was injected into the haemocoel of a large animal (500 g) which had been isolated for a week, during which time it laid no eggs. Within 1.5 h of the injection the animal laid a string of eggs weighing approximately 2 g. In two other experiments, this animal again laid eggs after similar injections.
Assessment of multiple scattering and horizontal inhomogeneity in IR radiative transfer calculations of observed thin cirrus clouds

[1] Outgoing longwave (LW) radiation (OLR) and infrared heating rate errors due to the neglect of multiple scattering by clouds and horizontal cloud inhomogeneity in infrared radiative transfer parameterizations are assessed with a modified version of the Fu and Liou [1992] radiative transfer model and field measurements of optically thin cirrus that were observed during the fall 1997 and spring 2000 intensive observation periods conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma. A rigorous method is first introduced for incorporating atmospheric and cloud optical and geometric properties derived from measurements in radiative transfer calculations and for ensuring the consistency of these calculations with observations. Part of that method is the use of optical depth derived from measurements of a Multi Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) at 415 nm to determine the cloud ice water content for the longwave and shortwave radiative transfer calculations. The optical depth is corrected to account for forward scattering by cirrus crystals, which is dominant under the thin cirrus conditions observed. Surface downwelling fluxes from the radiative transfer calculations are compared against observations from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network for consistency, with primary emphasis placed on achieving good agreement between the observed and calculated direct normal components. For all cases considered, there is very good agreement in the solar direct irradiance and reasonably good agreement in the solar diffuse irradiance, but without the forward scattering correction the agreement for both would degrade; the diffuse agreement, in particular, would do so by 12 W m−2 (>30%). Very good agreement is achieved in the LW with an absolute mean difference of 0.02 W m−2. For the observed cases considered, neglecting multiple scattering of LW by thin cirrus overestimates OLR by 6–8 W m−2 or less (depending on cloud optical depth and particle size) because of exclusion of reflection of upwelling LW at the cloud base and results in heating rate errors of as much as 0.2 K d−1. The effect of horizontally homogeneous clouds is approximated by employing the half hourly mean of the derived optical and geometric properties in the calculation. The impact of the combined effect on OLR and LW heating rates is shown from these calculations to be as high as 30 to 35 W m−2, and heating rate errors are on the order of 0.5 to over 1 K d−1, which are very significant errors.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone metabolism is attenuated in the cerebrospinal fluid of the human neonate.

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the ontogeny of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) metabolism in human cerebrospinal fluid (CFS). The activity of pyroglutamate aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.8), the major enzyme catalyzing TRH metabolism in human CSF, was measured in CSF of 11 premature infants (gestational age, 29–39 weeks; birth weight, 1774 ± 274 g), 8 newborn infants (term delivery; birth weight, 3648 ± 240 g), and 11 adults (mean age, 29.6 ± 1.5 years). Pyroglutamate aminopeptidase activity in CSF of premature and newborn infants was significantly lower (p
Observations of downgoing velocity dispersed O+ and He+ in the cusp during magnetic storms

[1] Downgoing, velocity-dispersed ( 300 cusp crossings during low activity periods. During the largest storm, the O+ energy flux was an order of magnitude larger than the H+ energy flux. Velocity dispersed H+, with a signature of decreasing energy with increasing latitude during southward IMF, are normally observed in the low altitude cusp. These ions originate in the magnetosheath and, during dayside reconnection, are accelerated along the magnetopause with some ions funneled into the cusp. Poleward convection of the plasma leads to the latitude-velocity dispersion signature. Magnetospheric plasma can also be accelerated at the magnetopause, however the magnetosheath plasma density is much larger and magnetospheric composition is normally dominated by H+, so that distinguishing magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasma becomes difficult. During magnetic storms, auroral ionospheric outflow of O+ and He+ can be large enough to produce a significant, non-hydrogen component in the plasma sheet. These ions are convected through the inner magnetosphere and ring current, eventually appearing at the dayside magnetopause where they are accelerated and form this atypical cusp signature.
Quinidine-induced reactive lymphadenopathy.

Abstract This report describes a patient who presented with extensive inguinal lymphadenopathy while taking quinidine for the treatment of arrhythmias. An excisional lymph node biopsy specimen demonstrated atypical, reactive, follicular hyperplasia. Immunologic assessment utilizing 20 monoclonal antibodies indicated a reactive process with follicles shown to be polyclonal B cell. The patient's adenopathy resolved within one month of discontinuation of quinidine and he remains well 15, months later. The histologic and immunologic findings as well as the clinical response are typical for a drug-induced reactive lymphadenopathy.
SIMULATION OF THE EVAPORATIVE COOLING PROCESS FOR TORTILLAS

A simulation model was developed to predict temperature, moisture content and water activity of evaporatively cooled tortillas. The overall model was based on three parts: (1) the predicted equilibrium moisture isotherm for the product, (2) a correlation model for predicting the saturated water vapor pressure for a given temperature, and (3) the energy and mass balances for simultaneous convective heat and moisture transfer between product and cooling air. The simulation model was verified with experimental data and was found to accurately describe the behavior of the tortilla cooling system. The model predicted the simultaneous decrease in temperature, moisture content, and water activity of the product exposed to varying simulated processing conditions. It was found that cooling air velocity and temperature had the primary effect on product cooling and moisture loss rates.
IX. A letter to Prof. Faraday, on certain theoretical opinions

(1840). IX. A letter to Prof. Faraday, on certain theoretical opinions. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 17, No. 107, pp. 44-54.
Effect of Flooding Lead Arsenate–Contaminated Orchard Soil on Growth and Arsenic and Lead Accumulation in Rice

Lead arsenate has been used as pesticide. Flooding soils contaminated by lead arsenate could increase plant arsenic and lead and become a human health risk. The objective was to determine the effects of flooding of lead-arsenate soils on rice grain yield and arsenic and lead accumulation. Bagstown and Chashmont soils with high levels of arsenic and lead were planted with rice in the greenhouse under flooded and nonflooded conditions. Flooding reduced grain yield and increased grain arsenic concentration on both soils. Grain lead decreased with flooding for the Bagstown soil but increased for the Chashmont. Arsenic and lead concentrations in the straw were more than in grain. Grain arsenic and lead levels observed would not be expected to become a human health risk. However, bioavailability studies are needed. The high arsenic and lead in the straw may indirectly become a human health risk because rice straw is used for livestock feed and bedding.
Membrane porosity and hydrophilic membrane-based dehumidification performance

Abstract An experimental study examined the relevance of membrane surface properties to the overall performance of hydrophilic membrane-based dehumidifiers (membrane condensers). Specifically, this study examined a model for the overall mass transfer coefficient derived from surface-science sticking-coefficient arguments, which states that performance is a function of a porosity-weighted average of the surface properties of the bulk membrane material and the surface of the fluid filling the membrane pores. Membranes composed of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride, hydrophilic polyethersulfone, mixed cellulose ester, and 316 stainless steel with porosities between 6 and 80% were used in a flat format for mass transfer measurements in an insulated humid airflow chamber with controlled gas-phase fluid dynamics. While the experiments did not disprove the model, they did not find any meaningful performance differences among the various membrane materials tested, due to membrane surface properties, compared with the gas-side fluid dynamics.
Pulse response of non-linear non-stationary vibrational systems with N degrees of freedom

The paper deals with an approximate analysis of non-linear, non-stationary vibrational systems with multiple degrees of freedom subjected to a pulse excitation. The nonstationary system parameters, which may include masses, restoring forces or damping, are considered to be slowly varying functions of time. A general procedure for obtaining the first order approximate solution is presented through an application of the Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky technique. The special case of systems with two degrees of freedom is studied in detail. An illustrative example is included and the results are compared with fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical solutions.
The use of plume dispersion modelling for viable aerosols from an activated sludge sewage treatment plant

Abstract Predictions of the emissions of airborne total viable particle (TVP) concentrations from sewage are of concern due to possible adverse human health effects. The work presented here is an assessment of the feasibility of using environmental data to develop a plume dispersion model for the prediction of airborne TVP concentrations in the vicinity of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant. The monitoring data used were collected during an epidemiology study of the health of residents in the vicinity of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant located in a suburb of Chicago. Two types of modelling approaches were explored: dispersion modelling such as the Gaussian plume dispersion model and statistical modelling. The results of the statistical model have been reported elsewhere. The Gaussian modelling approach was limited because emission rates and rate of microbial die-off could not be measured, and techniques for their estimation proved inadequate. The die-off rate is normally expressed as a negative rate of change, but only positive coefficients were found. Although microbial growth in air is possible under certain conditions, it is thought that high background TVP concentrations due to many undefined sources of TVP in the study area were chiefly responsible for the positive coefficients. Until a better method is found for estimating the ambient total viable decay rate and defining background concentrations, the Gaussian plume dispersion modelling technique does not appear to provide a more useful approach for estimating TVP concentrations downwind from an activated sludge sewage treatment plant than does statistical modelling. Rather, the modelling process served to identify deficiencies in the application of the Gaussian plume model to ground level source aerobiological emissions when there is a significant background concentration.
Impact of fat obesity on laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: more reliable indicator than body mass index.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of visceral fat obesity (VFO) on early surgical and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) for rectal cancer.
Investigation of a patient with severely impaired direction discrimination: Evidence against the intersection-of-constraints model

Abstract A man with presumed posterior cortical atrophy had a markedly elevated threshold for orientation discrimination (approx. 25 deg) and selective impairment of “pop-out” tasks based on orientation. Direction discrimination for moving plaids was superior to direction discrimination for their component gratings. The superior performance for plaids disappeared when the spatial frequencies of the component gratings were altered to eliminate coherence. This finding implies that extraction of plaid motion is not dependent on pre-processing within narrow spatial frequency bands. It is inconsistent with simulations based on the “intersection of constraints” model, which predict that the error rate for plaids would be larger than the error rate for gratings, particularly for the plaids composed of gratings moving at nearly opposing angles. It is consistent with models such as the Heeger [(1987) Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 4, 1455–1471] model, which extract direction from the pattern of activity across broadly-tuned spatiotemporal filters.
The involvement of subchondral mineralized tissues in osteoarthrosis: Quantitative microscopic evidence

This paper reviews evidence for the role of subchondral bone and calcified cartilage in the initiation and progression of osteoarthrosis (OA). There is consensus that OA is characterized by subchondral sclerosis, but disagreement about whether bone changes are concurrent with, primary to, or secondary to cartilage deterioration. Clinical observation suggests that bone density and cartilage fibrillation are inversely related. Evidence from the rabbit impulsive loading model is consistent with early bone changes, but evidence from other models of subchondral stiffening, such as the sheep metallic implant model, do not strongly support this idea. However, evidence from tibial angulation models and from the Pond-Nuki (anterior cruciate ligament resection) model show evidence that bone changes precede cartilage fibrillation temporally, and are associated spatially within a single joint. Evidence is also presented for the importance of calcified cartilage changes in pre-disposing the joint towards progression to OA. Microdamage accumulation and repair by vascular invasion may be a component of the pathogenesis of OA in some cases, but more work is needed to demonstrate this conclusively. We conclude that changes in the subchondral mineralized tissues are not required for initiation of cartilage fibrillation, but may be necessary for progression, and that only changes in bone and calcified cartilage close to the joint are significant to the disease process.
Prehistoric dental calculus gives evidence for coca in early coastal Ecuador.

Los CERRITOS, a late Chorrera (Engoroy) cemetery on the Santa Elena Peninsula of Ecuador yielded artefacts and radiocarbon assay which indicate that use of the site began about 840 BC and continued for several years within the Late Formative1. The human skulls from the site are of particular interest because many showed heavy accumulations of supragingival dental calculus (tartar), which contrast with the relatively slight calculus accumulations on the teeth of skulls recovered from the earlier Valdivia (3000–1500 BC) site of Real Alto2, also on the Santa Elena Peninsula. We argue here that the heavy calculus accumulations are the result of habitual, secular coca chewing in late Chorrera times. This diagnosis, in turn, supports the hypothesis of prehistoric trade in coca, probably in exchange for mollusc shells, with inhabitants of the eastern Andean slopes.
A bimodal representation of the response function relating the solar wind electric field to the AL index

Abstract Calculations of the average impulse response filter relating the AL index to the rectified solar wind electric field show that the response of the magnetosphere to pulses of southward IMF is bimodal. The average filter, however, is a poor predictor of the activity. We extend these investigations using two delta functions of arbitrary amplitude at arbitrary delay to model the bimodal response, and low pass filtering to include inductive effects. Intervals of isolated moderate magnetic activity are selected and are represented by the optimal model parameters. The prediction efficiencies average 79%. Optimal time delays and scale factors are highly variable and no factors were found which control this variation. The high prediction efficiencies seem to support the idea that the westward electrojet is driven by the solar wind.
Measuring clinical status in cystic fibrosis: internal validity and reliability of a modified NIH score.

We examined measurement properties of the NIH Clinical Score for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as an index of disease status. This score is being employed as a research tool for defining study populations and as an outcome measure, yet there are no published data on its reliability or how its items contribute to the overall measure of disease status. Criteria for scoring some items in the original index lack specificity. In this study, we used a modified score to have more clearly specified criteria, while retaining the original weightings and structure. For 200 patients with CF in two centers, we analyzed the total NIH Score and its subscores for internal consistency, interrater reliability, and factor analysis. Internal consistency indicates how inter-related the items are. The pulmonary subscore and overall score had fairly high internal consistency. However, the general subscore had low internal consistency, suggesting that the items are not measuring a single element of disease status and should not be added. Factor analysis provides additional information on the underlying structure and relationships among items. Five factors (groups of items) were identified accounting for 85% of the consistent variance of 14 items. These factors were designated by items accounting for most of their variance: general pulmonary, weight, disability, psychosocial, and acute infiltrate. While inter-rater reliability for the overall index was high, individual items showed less agreement. The results indicate that most of the variability in the NIH Score is attributable to pulmonary items in the first factor. The analyses suggest a new scoring structure for the NIH Score; the general subscore items do not contribute to the reliability or account for significant variance. Therefore, they will likely require further refinement or be eliminated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:86–96. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Commentaries on the Huttonian Theory of the Earth From Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1805-1815

Articles published from 1805 to 1815 in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh reflect a rapidly emerging and meticulous empiricism in the study of earth history; an empiricism directed principally toward an understanding of James Hutton's notions about cyclical, igneous-based, earth processes. One obvious focus for this detailed testing was Hutton's disagreement with Werner over the origin of basalt, which was most carefully explored in the laboratory studies of Sir James Hall and Robert Kennedy. However the geological field observations of Sir George Mackenzie, Lord Webb Seymour, John Playfair and other Society members seemed also to play a most important role in deciphering the Huttonian logic.Hall, following Lavoisier but in disagreement with Hutton, repeatedly emphasized that a more rigorous experimental micro-chemistry would eventually result in a more fundamentally sound macrogeology. In a number of papers read before the Royal Society it was obvious that Hall and his colleagues were in...
Comparing ICP and ECR Etching of HgCdTe, CdZnTe, and CdTe

The surface roughness of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-etched CdTe is greater than that of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-etched CdTe. This greater roughness is undesirable for further processing of the material. Lower-frequency plasma excitation from the ICP is more efficient at cracking hydrogen than the high-frequency plasma excitation of ECR. In binary semiconductors it is important to balance removal of both constituents. Bombardment controls the removal of the metal constituent while hydrogen removes the tellurium. Research performed with ECR plasma processing on HgCdTe shows that reducing the pressure can greatly reduce hydrogen ionization. Applying this to ICP it can be shown that reduced pressure greatly improves the morphology of CdTe. This balanced etching also greatly improves etch rate and selectivity of HgCdTe.
Effects of testosterone and estradiol on ventral prostate and body weights of castrated rats.

Abstract Administration of 100 μg of testosterone (T) daily for 14 and 28 days to 7-day castrate rats restored the weight of the ventral prostate to a level which slightly exceeded that of the controls. Ventral prostate weight in groups receiving estradiol-17β (E2) doses of 10, 50, 100, 200, or 500 μg administered simultaneously with 100 μg of T did not differ significantly from intact controls, although the weights were lower at E2 levels greater than 100 μg. Body weights of the castrated rats receiving 100 μg of T did not differ from those of sham castrated controls. However, mean body weights of all groups which received E2 (10 to 500 μg) simultaneously with 100 μg of T were significantly less than (p
Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization/Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry of Peptides APPLICATION TO THE LOCALIZATION OF PHOSPHORYLATION SITES ON THE P PROTEIN FROM SENDAI VIRUS

The polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P protein) from Sendai virus, a murine Paramyxovirus, is reported in the literature to be a highly phosphorylated protein. In vitro studies have detected phosphorylation in different regions of the protein, while a single phosphopeptide (identified as the sole phosphorylation) site) was observed using in vivo techniques. In this work, two phosphorylation sites of the P protein from Sendai virus are localized by a direct approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. A computer-aided approach is used to confirm peptide identification.
Microphysical development of a pulsating cumulus tower - A case study

In-cloud microphysical data collected within a 22-minute period during seven consecutive passes at the -13 C sampling level of a deep (base +22 C) convective cloud provide observational evidence for a secondary ice production mechanism at work in the Florida environment. The observed microphysical characteristics of the convective tower, particularly the spatial distribution and habit of the ice phase relative to the updraft, are consistent with a rime-splintering hypothesis for secondary ice production. It is shown that the cloud's updraft structure is critically important in governing the timing of the ice production by controlling the flux of graupel particles through the critical temperature zone (-3 C to -8 C). The importance of the cloud's pulsation growth dynamics on the microphysics is emphasized, particularly as it relates to rapidly glaciating cumuli.
Identification of a novel point mutation in ENT1 that confers resistance to Ara-C in human T cell leukemia CCRF-CEM cells

The genetic basis for the Ara-C resistance of CCRF-CEM Ara-C/8C leukemia cells was investigated. DNA sequencing revealed that these cells expressed an equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) with a single missense mutation resulting in glycine to arginine replacement (G24R). To test the importance of this residue, additional G24 mutants were created and examined for [3H]-uridine and [3H]-Ara-C uptake. Both a G24E and G24A mutant showed reduced ENT1-dependent activity. An EGFP-tagged G24R ENT1 displayed plasma membrane localization even though it was unable to bind [3H]-NBMPR, an ENT1-specific inhibitor. These results define G24 as critical amino acid for ENT1 nucleoside uptake and suggest that mutations in TM1 may provide a mechanism for Ara-C resistance in CCRF-CEM Ara-C/8C cells.
A method for subclassifying the interdigital patterns: A comparative study of the palmar configurations

A method for subtyping the interdigital patterns is introduced, which is based upon the direction of the main line terminations as well as the presence of accessory triradii. The palmar patterns of several population samples from our files representing the Caucasians, Negroes, Miconesians and New Guinean groups are evaluted in terms of the introduced calssification and the results demonstrate a number of differences between the major racial groups. In additin, the thenar/I and hypothenar patterns are subtyped according to the classifications of Cummins and Midlo. These data also indicate the inadequacy of the general open/arch, vestige, loop, whorl identification of the plamar patterns. It is hoped that more data will be studied along these lines for establishment of more accurate frequencies among the various racial groups.
Assessing Immunization Interventions in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program

Background Vaccination promotion strategies are recommended in Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) settings for eligible children at risk for under-immunization due to their low-income status. Purpose To determine coverage levels of WIC and non-WIC participants and assess effectiveness of immunization intervention strategies. Methods The 2007–2011 National Immunization Surveys were used to analyze vaccination histories and WIC participation among children aged 24–35 months. Grantee data on immunization activities in WIC settings were collected from the 2010 WIC Linkage Annual Report Survey. Coverage by WIC eligibility and participation status and grantee-specific coverage by intervention strategy were determined at 24 months for select antigens. Data were collected 2007–2011 and analyzed in 2013. Results Of 13,183 age-eligible children, 5,699 (61%, weighted) had participated in WIC, of which 3,404 (62%, weighted) were current participants. In 2011, differences in four or more doses of the diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine by WIC participation status were observed: 86% (ineligible); 84% (current); 77% (previous); and 69% (never-eligible). Children in WIC exposed to an immunization intervention strategy had higher coverage levels than WIC-eligible children who never participated, with differences as great as 15% (DTaP). Conclusions Children who never participated in WIC, but were eligible, had the lowest vaccination coverage. Current WIC participants had vaccination coverage comparable to more affluent children, and higher coverage than previous WIC participants.
Toward a Comprehensive Model on Stalking Acknowledgment: A Test of Four Models

Using a sample of national stalking victims, this study draws from four general models applied in previous works on sexual harassment acknowledgment to propose a comprehensive model of stalking acknowledgment. The results indicate that the type of stalking behaviors, personal characteristics of victims, negative emotions experienced by victims, and changes in perceptions due to the intrusive behaviors are significant correlates of stalking acknowledgment. Implications of findings relating to the qualification of legal definitions of stalking and stalking reportage are also discussed.
Structure-Function Relationships in Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema: Using En Face Optical Coherence Tomography to Predict Vision

AbstractPurpose: To explore whether preserved retinal tissue on baseline en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) correlates with post-treatment visual acuity in patients with uveitis-associated cystoid macular edema (CME).Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 25 eyes (23 patients) with uveitis and CME, with resolution of CME at post-treatment follow-up. Baseline en face OCT images were analyzed to determine the proportion of pixels representing preserved retinal tissue. Macular thickness and volume data were also analyzed.Results: The proportion of preserved retinal tissue on baseline OCT strongly correlated with baseline visual acuity (r = 0.61, p = 0.0014), and correlated even better with vision after CME resolution (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001). Weak correlations were found between macular thickness and volume at baseline and post-treatment acuity (r = 0.38, p = 0.058 and r = 0.39, p = 0.055).Conclusions: Preserved retinal tissue at baseline strongly correlates with post-treatment visual a...
THE EFFICACY OF SILVER-ION IMPLANTED CATHETERS IN REDUCING PERITONEAL DIALYSIS-RELATED INFECTIONS

• Background: Dialysis-related infections are the commonest cause of catheter loss and transfer to hemodialysis. Surface modifications of the catheter that reduce infections are of major importance. • Objective: The efficacy of silver-ion treated catheters in reducing dialysis-related infections was tested. • Methods: The study design was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients were implanted with either a silver-treated study catheter or a control catheter. Prospective collection of data included infectious complications and catheter survival. • Results: The subject groups were comprised of 67 silver-treated catheters and 72 control catheters. Demographic characteristics of the study and control groups were equal. Exit-site infection rates for the study group and control group (0.52 and 0.45 episodes/patient-year of dialysis respectively) were not different by Poisson regression analysis (p< 0.4). Peritonitis rates were identical for the two groups (0.37 episodes/patient-year) and were not different by Poisson analysis (p< 0.9). Antibiotic-free intervals between infections for the study and control groups were not significantly different for exit-site infections (p= 0.58), peritonitis (p= 0.44), or both infections combined (p= 0.47). Actuarial analyses showed no differences between the groups in the probability of remaining free of exit-site infection (p< 0.2) or peritonitis (p< 0.7). Similarly , catheter survival was not significantly different between the groups (p< 0.6). ← Conclusion: Surface modification of catheters with ion beam implantation of silver produced no clinical effect with respect to reducing dialysis-related infections.
Testing neutrino spectra formation in collapsing stars with the diffuse supernova neutrino flux

I address the question of what can be learned from the observation of the diffuse supernova neutrino flux in the precision phase, at next generation detectors of Megaton scale. An analytical study of the spectrum of the diffuse flux shows that, above realistic detection thresholds of 10 MeV or higher, the spectrum essentially reflects the exponential-times-polynomial structure of the original neutrino spectrum at the emission point. There is only a weak (tens of percent) dependence on the power $\ensuremath{\beta}$ describing the growth of the supernova rate with the redshift. Different original neutrino spectra correspond to large differences in the observed spectrum of events at a water Cherenkov detector: for typical supernova rates, the ratio of the numbers of events in the first and second energy bins (of 5 MeV width) varies in the interval 1.5\char21{}4.3 for pure water (energy threshold 18 MeV) and in the range 1\char21{}2.5 for water with gadolinium (10 MeV threshold). In the first case, discrimination would be difficult due to the large errors associated with background. With gadolinium, instead, the reduction of the total error down to the 10%\char21{}20% level would allow spectral sensitivity, with a dramatic improvement of precision with respect to the SN1987A data. Even in this latter case, for typical neutrino luminosity the dependence on $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is below sensitivity, so that it can be safely neglected in data analysis.
Direct and remote measurements of a hollow cathode discharge

Results are presented from measurements made on a hollow cathode generated plasma using direct and remotely located probes. Based on previous life tests where erosion was seen on hollow cathode assembly components, it is necessary to understand the plasma flow field downstream of hollow cathodes. Experiments have been performed where large amplitude plasma potential oscillations were seen from measurements made using a floating emissive probe (potentials ranging from 20 V to 85 V within a 34 V discharge). In addition to the emissive probe, results are presented from a direct measurement triple Langmuir probe. Also, a remotely located electrostatic analyzer (ESA) was used to measure the energy of ions produced within the plasma.
Phenomenological damping models as drive to equilibrium

This work gives a new and simple physical perspective on three phenomenological damping models in common use for precession dynamics analyses in ferromagnetic systems: the Landau Lifshitz (LL) model, the Codrington, Olds, and Torrey (COT) model, and the modified Bloch Bloembergen (MBB) model. In the small signal limit, the LL, MBB, and COT models can be derived from three physically different but completely plausible "drive to equilibrium" scenarios. Mathematical forms for the damping rate as a function of the dynamic magnetization m/sub x/(t) are derived for each model. These damping forms have proponents and detractors. The LL and MBB forms have a physical basis in magnon electron scattering and Bloch type spin-spin relaxation processes, respectively. Permalloy films have also been interpreted in terms of a COT model.
Use of Specific Inhalation Challenge in the Evaluation of Workers at Risk for Occupational Asthma: A Survey of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Occupational Medicine Residency Training Programs in the United States and Canada

Study objectives To document the current practice of occupational asthma (OA) diagnosis and use of specific inhalation challenge (SIC). Design, setting, and participants A survey evaluating the current practice of SIC was mailed to 259 residency training programs in adult pulmonary diseases, allergy and immunology, and occupational medicine accredited in the United States and Canada during the year 2000. Results Forty-six percent (123 of 259 programs) participated. Ninety-two programs reported that patients with OA were seen during the previous year, 15 programs reported that SIC had been performed, and 10 programs reported that patients had been referred to other sites for SIC. A total of 259 patients underwent SIC. No unexpected adverse reactions were reported. Forty-one programs reported that they had been willing to undertake SIC but were unable to do so. The most common barriers cited were lack of availability of SIC within the evaluating institution, inability to locate a site for referral, concerns about reimbursement, and lack of an appropriate diagnostic reagent for use in SIC. Seventy-four programs indicated that SIC was useful, and 34 programs included training in the use of SIC was part of the residency curriculum. Conclusion Although SIC is considered the "gold standard" for objective documentation of OA, the test is performed in only a few institutions in the United States and Canada. Many institutions indicate that SIC is not available, even when desired for patient management. Only a minority of participating residency training programs include SIC as a formal part of the training curriculum.