cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Should Every Patient With Stroke Be on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors?: No

Attempting to enhance the rehabilitation and recovery process is an admirable goal that is showing more promise in recent years. The investigation of brain reorganization and repair is currently one of the most active and exciting fields in neuroscience. We as standard-bearers of stroke treatment, however, must resist unbridled enthusiasm and exercise caution in the clinical setting. With regard to whether the patient before us should be given fluoxetine for the purpose of enhancing recovery of his motor and language deficits, I must vote an emphatic and decisive “No.” Giving fluoxetine to this patient at this time is not justified by our current state of knowledge. We have tantalizing evidence of potential benefit of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in stroke. A recently published clinical trial, Fluoxetine for motor recovery after acute ischemic stroke (FLAME), was well designed and well executed, containing the elements required to maximize likelihood of reaching a secure conclusion: double blinding, randomization, and adequate statistical power.1 Among 118 patients with acute stroke with severe hemiparesis, those given 20mg fluoxetine orally daily starting 5 to 10 days after stroke onset …
Examples of some Q-admissible groups

Abstract It is shown that the groups A 6 , A 7 , and A 7 are Q -admissible. This is done by showing the existence of certain Laguerre polynomials whose splitting fields over Q have the desired properties. These polynomials are found by using a computer to show that certain elliptic equations have solutions which satisfy a variety of arithmetical conditions.
Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast presenting with hypoglycemia: a case report and literature review

Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms that account for less than 1% of all breast tumors and are typically found in middle-aged women. Phyllodes tumors that present with hypoglycemia are even rarer. No one morphologic finding is reliable in predicting the clinical behavior of this tumor. Surgery has been the primary mode of treatment to date. However, the extent of resection and the role of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy are still controversial. Here, we present a challenging case of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast associated with hypoglycemia, and review the literature regarding clinical findings, pathologic risk factors for recurrence, and treatment recommendations.
Critical elements of high gain laser fusion

Progress toward high laser fusion can be measured by a set of five critical elements. They are: (1) the laser-to-fuel coupling efficiency, (2) the cold fuel isentrope, (3) the implosion symmetry, (4) the ablation pressure, and (5) the ignition concept.
Report on a Large Collection of Merope tuber Newman, 1838 (Mecoptera: Meropeidae), from Arkansas, with Notes on Collection Technique, Sex Ratio, and Male Clasper Size

A large collection of earwigflies, Merope tuber, is reported from Arkansas, and flight period and sex ratio are discussed. In contrast to previous studies, earwigflies were caught more frequently in pan traps than in Malaise traps and male clasper size was found not to be bimodal.
The effects of college grade adjustments on the predictive validity and utility of SAT scores

Regressing adjusted grade-point averages on freshman SAT scores and high school grade-point averages results in large increases in the incremental predictive validity of the SAT. Even so, the SAT still changes no more than a small proportion of admissions decisions and does not result in substantively important increases in freshman grades. The test does, however, change the composition of the freshman class by altering acceptances to some major areas of study and by limiting the access of women and blacks.
Prenatal detection of preaxial upper limb reduction in trisomy 18

Background : Abnormalities of the upper and lower extremities, such as club feet, rocker-bottom feet, and abnormal hand posturing, are frequently detected prenatally in trisomy 18 fetuses. Aplasia of the radius, usually associated with the absence or hypoplasia of the first metacarpal and thumb, is the most prevalent reduction malformation in trisomy 18 infants. Because this anomaly is easily missed during prenatal ultrasonography, the role of prenatal detection of this particular preaxial upper limb reduction has not been emphasized. Cases : Three cases of trisomy 18 in which preaxial upper limb reduction (radial aplasia) was identified prenatally by ultrasound are reported. Although in all cases there were additional ultrasonographic findings suggestive of trisomy 18, the prenatal detection of preaxial upper limb reduction facilitated the diagnosis. Conclusion : Ultrasonographic examination of fetal forearms for the detection of preaxial upper limb reduction should be a routine part of the prenatal evaluation of fetuses in whom trisomy 18 is suspected.
Solute segregation and antiphase boundary motion in a B2 single phase

Abstract Solute segregation and antiphase boundary (APB) migration in a B2-ordered single phase were studied using computer simulations based on the microscopic master equations in the point approximation with both first- and second-neighbor pair interactions. It is shown that the degree of segregation at APBs is highly anisotropic; for the particular case of a cylindrical APB along the z -directions, it is found that maximum segregation occurs along the [1, 1, 0] -direction and is essentially zero along the [1, −1, 0] -direction. Despite the strong segregation anisotropy, however, it is demonstrated that the decrease in the square of the radius of the cylindrical antiphase domain in single-phase B2 is linearly proportional to time, t . It is also shown that the mobility of an APB at a given temperature is strongly composition dependent.
A freeze-etch study of the effects of filipin on liposomes and human erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract Previous investigations have demonstrated the presence of circular negatively stained lesions in phospholipid-cholesterol liposomes and in the cell membranes of erythrocytes that have been treated with the polyene antibiotic, filipin; these lesions are morphologically similar to those found in erythrocyte cell membranes after immune lysis. Filipin has been shown also to cause release of both glucose and macromolecular enzyme markers from liposomes that contain cholesterol. In the present study, freeze-etching was employed to determine if these lesions are holes through the membrane. Structural alterations (pits, doughnut-shaped craters and protrusions), whose formation was dependent on the presence of cholesterol, were demonstrable in liposomes after incubation with the antibiotic; analogous changes were also produced by filipin in erythrocyte membranes. However, examination of outer and inner surfaces, and outer and inner fracture faces, did not indicate that these structural alterations could be equated with transverse holes. It is, therefore, unlikely that the negatively stained lesions represent stable open channels through liposomal bilayers and erythrocyte membranes which are responsible for the escape of marker compounds and cytoplasmic constituents.
FORM2D-a mathematical model of the knee

This paper presents a planar model of passive knee motion-FORM2D-utilizing a novel modeling technique. For a given knee flexion, the envelope of passive knee joint motion is determined by applying the femoral translation necessary to minimize the anterior-posterior force in the joint. Unlike existing planar models, FORM2D accounts for all four of the major ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL) simultaneously. Results from FORM2D on ligament strain and its clinical applicability are presented.
Comparison of rotationally inelastic rate constants for Li2A1Σu+(vi=5,ji=30) + Ne measured using pulsed and cw lasers

Abstract We have measured rotationally inelastic rate constants for the process Li 2 ∗ A 1 Σ u + ( v i = 5 , j i = 30 ) + Ne → Li 2 ∗ A 1 Σ u + ( v f = 5 , j f ) + Ne using pulsed laser excitation and compared them to values previously measured using cw laser excitation, applying uniform analysis techniques to both sets of data. We compare the experimental results with rate constants calculated from quasiclassical trajectories on an ab initio potential energy surface, finding that the two experimental methods give consistent results when the different distributions of excited-state collision speeds are taken into account.
Tumour promotion by tcdd in skin of hrs/j hairless mice.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) serves as the prototype for a group of environmental toxicants, the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons1–3, which evoke a characteristic pattern of acute toxic and biochemical responses, and which produce these effects by stereospecific and reversible binding to a soluble protein receptor2,4,5. The chronic administration of TCDD6–9 (and several other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons)10–13 to rats and mice has produced an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas as well as tumours in other tissues. However, because TCDD is not a mutagen14,15 and does not bind appreciably to DNA in vivo16, it has been suggested that this compound is not a complete carcinogen, but rather acts as a tumour promoter, enhancing neoplastic expression in already initiated cells17,18. TCDD has been shown to be a potent tumour promoter in a two-stage model of carcinogenesis in rat liver19, but has proven ineffective in the classical model in mouse skin (using CD-1 and Swiss-Webster mice)20,21. We have recently shown that TCDD produces epidermal hyperplasia and hyper-keratosis, and squamous metaplasia of the sebaceous glands in mice bearing the recessive trait, hairless (hr), but causes no changes in the skin of mice which are wild type or heterozygous at this locus22. Here we examine the capacity of TCDD to promote tumour formation in the skin of HRS/J hairless (hr/hr) mice and their congeneic, haired (hr/+) littermates. Following the application of an initiating dose of a carcinogen, repeated skin application of TCDD produced papillomas in hr/hr mice but not hr/+ mice. In HRS/J hairless mice, tumour promotion by TCDD elicits the same incidence and multiplicity of skin papillomas as does the classical tumour .promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), but at l/100th the dose.
Quantifying uncertainty in a remote sensing-based estimate of evapotranspiration over continental USA

We calculate evapotranspiration (E) from remote sensing (RS) data using the Penman-Monteith model over continental USA for four years (2003-2006) and explore, through an ensemble generation framework, the impact of input dataset (meteorological, radiation and vegetation) selection on performance (uncertainty) at the monthly time-scale. The impact of failed or missed RS retrievals and algorithmic assumptions are also quantified. To evaluate bias, we inter-compare RS-E with three independent sources of E: Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC)-model simulated, North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) inferred, and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) inferred. Overall, we find that the choice of vegetation parameterization, followed by surface temperature, has the greatest impact on RS-E uncertainty. Additional uncertainty (4-18%) is linked to sources of net radiation—used to scale instantaneous RS-E under the assumption of constant daytime evaporative fraction—including the Surface Radiation Budget (SRB), International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS)-VIC. The ensemble median agrees to within 21% of VIC-modelled E, except for the Colorado and Great Basins for which the need for a soil moisture constraint on RS-E becomes evident.
Is a routine chest x-ray necessary for children after fluoroscopically assisted central venous access?

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine in a pediatric population whether a routine chest x-ray after central venous access is necessary when the central venous catheter is placed with intraoperative fluoroscopy. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the charts of all patients at Children's Hospital in Denver, Colorado who underwent subclavian or internal jugular central venous catheter placement from January 1, 1998 through December 31, 2001. Age, sex, primary reason for access, access site, number of venipuncture attempts, type of catheter, intraoperative fluoroscopy results, chest x-ray results, location of the tip of the catheter, and complications were analyzed. Results: There were 1,039 central venous catheters placed in 824 patients, 92.6% in the subclavian vein and 7.4% in the internal jugular vein. There were 604 (58.1%) children who had both fluoroscopy and a postprocedure chest x-ray, there were 308 (29.6%) who had only fluoroscopy, there were 117 (11.3%) who had only a postprocedure chest x-ray, and there were 10 (1.0%) who had neither fluoroscopy nor chest x-ray. On completion of the procedure, there were 12 (1.1%) children with misplaced central venous catheters, only 1 (0.1%) when intraoperative fluoroscopy was used. There were 17 (1.6%) complications; 9 (0.9%) were pulmonary (pneumothorax, hemothorax, or an effusion). All children with pulmonary complications experienced clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of the complication after their central venous catheter insertion but before their postprocedure chest x-ray. Conclusions: The number of complications encountered in children who had central venous access of the subclavian vein or internal jugular central vein with intraoperative fluoroscopy was infrequent, the number of misplaced catheters was minimized with intraoperative fluoroscopy, and all children with pulmonary complications showed clinical signs suggestive of pulmonary complications before postoperative chest x-ray. Therefore, children who have had central venous access of the subclavian and internal jugular vein with intraoperative fluoroscopy do not appear to require a routine chest x-ray after catheter placement unless clinical suspicion of a complication exists.
The relevance of the Dopamine-D1 receptor in the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

An understanding of the role of the prefrontal cortex in normal cognitive processes has advanced our comprehension of the pathophysiology underlying the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Studies of single-neuron activity in monkeys during performance of delayed-response tasks have confirmed the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in working memory. The “memory fields” of prefrontal neurons are analogous to the receptive fields of visual neurons and the cellular expression of a working memory process that allows mnemonic information to guide behavior. D1-dopamine antagonists produce a dose-dependent effect (U-shaped) on the firing rate of cells with memory fields during delayed-response tasks. Disordered cognitive processes in schizophrenia can be attributed to impairment of function in the prefrontal cortex, as evidenced by hypometabolic activity in the prefrontal cortex and selective impairment in working memory tasks. Advances in our understanding of the role of D1 receptors in the cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia should provide us with a rational basis for developing alternative antipsychotic treatments and may provide insight into the cellular basis of the disorder.
The infrared predissociation spectra of Cl−·H2O·Arn (n=1–5): experimental determination of the influence of Ar solvent atoms

Abstract We establish the argon solvent size dependence of the Cl − ·H 2 O·Ar n predissociation spectra, and discuss the discrepancies between previously reported predissociation spectra of the Cl − ·H 2 O and Cl − ·H 2 O·Ar 3 complexes [Choi et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 102 (1998) 503; Ayotte et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 12361]. The argon-induced shift in the ∼3130 cm −1 ionic H-bonded OH stretching band, calculated to be large (>30 cm −1 /Ar red-shift) by Satoh and Iwata [Chem. Phys. Lett. 312 (1999) 522], is found to be quite small (IHB band center=3128±3 cm −1 for 1⩽ n ⩽5). We compare this result with similar behavior displayed by the bare versus argon-solvated bromide monohydrate.
Measuring breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening with medicare claims data.

Background. Evaluating the use and effectiveness of cancer screening is an important component of cancer control programs. Medicare claims may be a useful source of data when screening older populations, but they are limited in terms of completeness and the ability to distinguish screening tests fro
Radiation fibrosis of the vocal fold: From man to mouse

Objectives/Hypothesis: To characterize fundamental late tissue effects in the human vocal fold following radiation therapy. To develop a murine model of radiation fibrosis in order to ultimately develop both treatment and prevention paradigms. Design: Translational study using archived human and fresh murine irradiated vocal fold tissue. Methods: 1) Irradiated vocal fold tissue from patients undergoing laryngectomy for loss of function from radiation fibrosis was identified from pathology archives. Histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and whole-genome microarray, as well as real-time transcriptional analyses, were performed. 2) Focused radiation to the head and neck was delivered to mice in a survival fashion. One month following radiation, vocal fold tissue was analyzed with histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR transcriptional analysis for selected markers of fibrosis. Results: Human irradiated vocal folds demonstrated increased collagen transcription, with increased deposition and disorganization of collagen in both the thyroarytenoid muscle and the superficial lamina propria. Fibronectin were increased in the superficial lamina propria. Laminin decreased in the thyroarytenoid muscle. Whole genome microarray analysis demonstrated increased transcription of markers for fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycosaminoglycan production, and apoptosis. Irradiated murine vocal folds demonstrated increases in collagen and fibronectin transcription and deposition in the lamina propria. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β increased in the lamina propria. Conclusion: Human irradiated vocal folds demonstrate molecular changes leading to fibrosis that underlie loss of vocal fold pliability occurring in patients following laryngeal irradiation. The irradiated murine tissue demonstrates similar findings, and this mouse model may have utility in creating prevention and treatment strategies for vocal fold radiation fibrosis.
Magnetic Bearing Rotordynamic System Optimization Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms

Multiple objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) simultaneously optimize a control law and geometrical features of a set of homopolar magnetic bearings (HOMB) supporting a generic flexible, spinning shaft. The minimization objectives include shaft dynamic response (vibration), actuator mass and total actuator power losses. Levitation of the spinning rotor and dynamic stability are constraint conditions for the control law search. Nonlinearities include magnetic flux saturation, and current and voltage limits. Pareto frontiers were applied to identify the best-compromised solution. Mass and vibration reductions improve with a two control law approach.
Assessment: Practices and Implications for Home Economics in Higher Education.

Public demandsfor accountability in higher education have led to the development and use of multiple measures to evaluate student outcomes in a variety of disciplines. Home economics programs are among those involved in these initiatives. As the discipline movesforward in the face of declining enrollments and program elimination, assessment will be a valuable and necessary toolfor identifying methods to improve program effectiveness. This article reviews the various assessment initiatives practiced by institutions of higher education, provides examples that may be adopted by home economics programs, and also offers recommendations for establishing a unit-based assessment program.
Gastrointestinal uptake and vascular transport of 2,4′-dichlorobiphenyl

Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent vascular transport of [3H]-2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (Aroclor 1232; DCB) was investigated in an ovine model system. Rapid uptake of DCB and transport as a component of blood plasma without prior occurrence in thoracic duct lymph indicates that DCB was absorbed directly via the gastric mucosa with water soluble compounds. [3H]-DCB did not circulate associated with plasma lipid fractions in vivo, and did not bind to or sequester within plasma lipids in vitro. HPLC analysis of plasma fractions treated in vitro showed DCB to elute within a molecular weight range consistent with unbound product. Further, [3H]-DCB-derived label was associated with low molecular weight plasma components in vivo. Essentially the same elution profile was seen for [3H]-DCB-derived label found in urine. Metabolism of DCB as a function of time resulted in the apparent formation of a biotransformed product(s) that circulated with a plasma fraction(s) at the low end of the albumin molecular size range. These data suggest that DCB was not absorbed and transported in a manner typical of polychlorinated biphenyls with a higher chlorine content; rather, that it was absorbed, transported within the vascular system, and excreted in a pattern typical of a water soluble compound.
Tissue engineering: a 21st century solution to surgical reconstruction

Tissue engineering has emerged as a rapidly expanding approach to address the organ shortage problem. It is an "interdisciplinary field that applies the principles and methods of engineering and the life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that can restore, maintain, or improve tissue function." Much progress has been made in the tissue engineering of structures relevant to cardiothoracic surgery, including heart valves, blood vessels, myocardium, esophagus, and trachea.
A new, convenient method for the rapid analysis of inorganic pyrophosphate.

Abstract A new method for the rapid analysis of inorganic pyrophosphate ( PP i ) which utilizes the enzyme ATP sulfurylase is described. All components of the assay system are commercially available and inexpensive. The assay is linear over the range of 0.5–50.0 nmol of PP i and is not affected by inorganic phosphate. ATP and PP i can both be analyzed using this method.
Measurement of Economic Uncertainty in Public Water Resource Development: An Extension

Renewed interest in incorporating measures of uncertainty in public investment decisions is a welcome addition to applied benefit-cost analysis. Taylor and North's (T-N) recent effort in this Journal to incorporate the consideration of uncertainty in benefit-cost analysis follows a technique that we have endorsed for some time (Mercer and Morgan 1975a, b, and 1976; Stacy and Buxbaum). This paper logically follows T-N by illustrating a more general procedure and demonstrates that inclusion of uncertainty in benefit-cost analysis need not be limited to the triangular distribution. The probability distribution used here is the Weibull. The major advantage of the Weibull distribution is its generality. It does not depend on fixed (absolute) estimates of endpoints (range) and thus offers increased capability to test for sensitivity to uncertainty. Use of the Weibull distribution is illustrated here by application to the Spewrell Bluff project and comparison of the results to those of T-N.
The Role of Elective Perioperative Dialysis in Nondialysis Renal Failure Patients

Background Patients with renal insufficiency represent a difficult group. They show an increased morbidity and mortality after heart surgery. Nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients show higher mortality than patients receiving chronic dialysis. Their management is not standardized. This study was undertaken to determine whether elective perioperative dialysis in these patients improved outcomes. Method A retrospective review of records of nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients was carried out. Patients who were not dialyzed before surgery (group A, n=28) were compared with a propensity-matched group of patients (group B, n=28) who received elective dialysis preoperatively for their baseline characteristics and outcomes of their heart surgery. Results Patients who received elective dialysis in the perioperative period (group B) showed fewer neurologic complications ( p = 0.004), shorter postoperative length of stay ( p = 0.053), fewer gastrointestinal complications ( p = 0.051), and fewer major adverse events ( p = 0.013). Multiorgan failure and discharge to an extended care facility were also less frequent in group B, although this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Nondialysis renal failure patients, particularly those with higher creatinine concentrations, may benefit from elective perioperative dialysis in terms of decreased rates of complications and shorter postoperative length of stay.
Paleohydrology of Lake Turkana and its influence on the Nile River system

Abstract The detailed paleohydrological record of Lake Turkana, the largest lake in the eastern branch of the East African Rift, is necessary for determining the connectivity between adjacent watersheds in tropical Africa. The migration of both the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Congo Air Boundary (CAB) constrains rainfall amount and duration for most of East Africa. Lake Turkana, in northern Kenya, is the world's largest desert lake and experiences two ITCZ-associated rainy seasons annually, with cumulative rainfall of ~ 200 mm/yr. Evidence from new continuous, high-fidelity sediment core records and high-resolution CHIRP seismic reflection data suggests that Lake Turkana received enough rainfall during the African Humid Period (AHP) to fill the lake to its sill (100 m above current lake level) and spilled over into the White Nile River system. An atmospheric configuration with an eastward-shifted CAB over the Turkana region and the northern Kenya Rift is invoked as an additional source of rainfall for the catchment. This configuration began abruptly at ~ 11 ka and lasted until ~ 5 ka when Lake Turkana became a closed basin and was cut off from the White Nile. Prior to the AHP, Lake Turkana experienced at least two desiccation events following the Last Glacial Maximum at 18.5 and 17 ka when the lake was at least 100 m lower than modern, as evidenced by basin-wide, high amplitude reflections and 14 C-dated shallow water facies in sediment cores. Lake level fluctuations generally follow trends in mean solar insolation, however the onset of lake level extremes are much more abrupt than rates of insolation change. Lake Turkana's location in relation to atmospheric convergence and dynamic rainfall patterns makes its susceptible to extreme climate change over relatively short timescales.
Enhancement of the magnetic reversibility of a non-ideal type II superconductor by surface contamination

Abstract Non-metallic impurities can enhance the magnetic reversibility of a non-ideal type II superconductor while leaving the critical current unchanged in axial magnetic fields. The local increase in k due to surface contamination depresses the critical current of a surface sheath in the mixed state.
Microearthquakes on the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge

[1] We report the results of a 55-day microearthquake experiment on the Endeavour segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge. The network covered a 5-km section of the ridge axis centered on the Main vent field and extended 15-km off axis on the west flank. The ridge axis and flanks were seismically active, and 1750 earthquakes were located with a minimum of five travel time picks including at least one S wave. Over half the earthquakes occurred in swarms, and a waveform cross-correlation technique was used to obtain relative locations. On the western flank, the hypocenters for four swarms at midcrustal depths are compatible with steeply dipping fault planes that strike at 035–050°N and oblique to the abyssal hills. Focal mechanisms determined from P wave first motions and P/S amplitude ratios are predominantly strike-slip with north-south compression and appear to be affected by the reorganization of the Explorer plate. Earthquakes beneath the ridge axis are concentrated in a band of intense seismicity at 1.5–3.5 km depth. To the north of High Rise vent field, the seismicity defines a plane striking parallel to the ridge axis and dipping east at 70° and the earthquakes appear to extend beneath an axial reflector previously imaged at 2.3 km depth. Farther south, the hypocenters are not compatible with a single fault plane. Focal mechanisms are characterized by subhorizontal tension axes oriented in all directions except parallel to the ridge and suggest a stress field that is about equally influenced by ridge spreading and hydrothermal cooling.
Toward an effective chiral model of high-temperature QCD

In an effort to expose the mechanism for chiral-symmetry restoration in high-temperature QCD, we use numerical simulations of lattice QCD with staggered fermions to obtain information about possible effective chiral models. We propose the strategy of comparing expressions built from expectation values of low-order polynomials of macroscopic'' meson fields, such as a Mexican-hat statistic'' {l angle}{pi}{sup 2}{sigma}{r angle}/{l angle}{pi}{sup 2}{r angle}{l angle}{sigma}{r angle}{minus}1, computed locally in terms of the quark fields in lattice QCD and in terms of the meson fields in the effective model. We find that, at least at our chosen couplings, QCD behaves like a nonlinear {sigma} model with little change in the local effective potential across the phase transition. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that chiral-symmetry restoration occurs through random fluctuations in a fixed-length order parameter. Included in this work is a thorough test of symmetry breaking and restoration as manifested in the nonlocal staggered chiral fields.
Salvage atherectomy: Using retrieved tissue to determine the etiology of acute closure

Directional coronary atherectomy was successfully performed in the mid-left anterior descending artery at the site of failed balloon angioplasty. We presumed that intracoronary thrombus had resulted in acute vessel closure following balloon angioplasty, due to the angiographic appearance of the lesion and the clinical situation. However, examination of the extracted specimen from the atherectomy device revealed predominantly atheromatous tissue with minimal thrombus.
Successful Implementation of an Injury Prevention Program

Impressive reductions in injury rate were achieved in a cooperative program that included industrial human factors. The other players in the program include the medical department nurses, the safety engineers, production engineers, supervisors and production workers. The explanation offered for the program's apparent success is that responsibility and accountability for industrial human factors improvement is distributed among the various departments involved.
Isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus from seborrheic dermatitis in a pygmy goat.

Microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin (HE)stained skin sections showed marked hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis of the epidermis. There also were numerous extensive foci of polymorphonuclear leukocytes aggregated in the hyperkerototic debris (Fig. 1). A few mononuclear inflammatory cells were sprinkled in the dermis but the major inflammatory changes were confined to the stratum comeum of the epidermis. No ectoparasites or mycotic organisms were detected in the skin sections. The renal corticomedullary junction vasculature showed infiltrates of leukocytes that were predominantly neutrophilic. There also were leukocytic casts and very few randomly scattered oxalate crystals in the medullary tubules. The liver showed mild centrilobular hepato
The role of autologous transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first and second remission.

Since 1986, the University of California San Francisco has developed novel approaches to autologous transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Strategies have included intensive preparative regimens using busulfan and etoposide, and evolving strategies for pre-transplant consolidation and stem cell collection. Treatment-related mortality has been low (
Response of rat liver glutaminase to magnesium ion.

Abstract The activity of rat liver glutaminase from sedimented fractions of freeze-thawed mitochondria is strongly affected by variation in the Mg 2+ concentration within the approximate physiological range of activators. A rise in the Mg 2+ concentration stimulates glutaminase by increasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for its positive modifier phosphate. With the addition of 4 mM Mg 2+ the M 0.5 for phosphate activation decreased from 18 to 9.5 mM at pH 7.1, 10 to 5.8 mM at pH 7.4 and 6.4 to 4.0 mM at pH 7.7. The result is an increase in the apparent affinity of the enzyme for glutamine. With the addition of 4 mM Mg 2+ the S 0.5 of glutaminase for glutamine decreased from 24 to 13 mM at pH 7.1, 14 to 9.6 mM at pH 7.4, and remained unchanged at 8.2 mM at pH 7.7. Since Mg 2+ stimulates glutaminase, as does a rise in pH (Szweda, L.I. and Atkinson, D.E. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 15357–15360), by increasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for phosphate, it reduces the inhibitory effect of a decrease in pH and/or phosphate concentration over a physiologically relevant range.
Fear of crime and perceived risk amonc older widowed women

Two theories are utilized to identify potential predictors of fear of crime. Respondents (TV = 300) were older urban, widowed females, a group recognized as particularly vulnerable to fear of crime. Measures consisted of respondents' characteristics, their neighborhood's characteristics, their perceptions about crime, and their victimization experiences. A logistic analysis provided only limited support for two theories on fear of crime. Further exploratory analyses revealed that the theories were more applicable to widows' perceptions of neighborhood crime rate than of crime fear itself. It is concluded that future research on older women should focus on perceived losses resulting from crime, which may lead to a better understanding of reactions (e.g., fear) to perceived risk.
Evidence of parasitism by Strepsiptera in Dominican amber

Fossil evidence of parasitism byStrepsiptera is presented by the discovery of amale pupa in a halictid bee (Halictidae:Hymenoptera) and female and male pupae inrepresentatives of two families of planthoppers(Delphacidae and Achilidae: Fulgoroidea) in 15–45 million year old Dominican amber. In thecase of the delphacid, the first stagestrepsipteran larvae were making their exitfrom the brood chamber at the time of capture.The fossils are compared with extantinsect-strepsiptera associations inMesoamerica. These rare finds, which includethe first fossil record of strepsipteran larvaeassociated with a host insect, establish aminimum age for parasitism of halictid bees andplanthoppers by strepsipterans.
Geometric structures approximated by Maxwell's equations

We show that classical electrodynamics can be obtained as a limit of a system of “geodesic” equations on 2-vector fields in an Artinian manifold. The limit method is geometrically analogous to the method used to obtain Newtonian mechanics as the limit of the geodesic equations on a Lorentzian manifold. It is also shown that the current and energy-momentum conservation law of electrodynamics can be obtained directly from the “geodesic” formulation. The geometric structures introduced are related to semi-Kahlerian and balanced structures in complex geometry.
Receptive fields of single cells of a marsupial visual cortex of Didelphis virginiana.

Etwa 40% von 100 Zellen vom visuellen Kortex des BeuteltieresDidelphis virginiana konnten entweder von der rechten oder linken Retina gereizt werden. In der Regel war eine Retina dominant. Areale Summation innerhalb und zwischen den monokularen Feldern war vorhanden, obschon gegenseitige Hemmung innerhalb eines rezeptiven Feldes nicht beobachtet wurde.
A New Palaemonetes From Mexico (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) 1)

[Une nouvelle crevette d'eau douce, Palaemonetes suttkusi, est decrite d'un ruisseau de la Province de Coahuila, Mexico. Cette espece differe de toutes les autres especes du sous-genre typique par l'absence, sur le bord externe de l'exopodite de l'uropode, d'une epine mobile inseree au cote interne de l'epine fixe., Une nouvelle crevette d'eau douce, Palaemonetes suttkusi, est decrite d'un ruisseau de la Province de Coahuila, Mexico. Cette espece differe de toutes les autres especes du sous-genre typique par l'absence, sur le bord externe de l'exopodite de l'uropode, d'une epine mobile inseree au cote interne de l'epine fixe.]
Detecting Rare Adverse Events in Postmarketing Studies: Sample Size Considerations:

Identifying causal relationships between drugs and rare but serious/irreversible adverse events is an increasingly important issue in postmarketing studies. The observational cohort study is among the most rigorous and appropriate class of designs when it is unfeasible to conduct prospective, randomized clinical trials. A new class of hybrid designs is described in this article; this class uses external data such as established databases or pre-NDA (New Drug Application) data. These designs are intended to achieve the ideal of detecting associations between the drug and rare adverse events and have a moderate sample size requirement to reach safety decisions more quickly. A new sample size formula based on the Poisson distribution is developed for a design in which the incidence of adverse events for subjects treated with the compound is compared to an external control cohort not receiving the compound under study. The results provide direct evidence for a reduction in sample size with the incorporation of external controls.
Measuring tear protein mobility in thin hydrogel films with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

Fouling of contact lenses is often due to tear protein diffusion into and aggregation within the contact lens material. These processes can diminish water and oxygen diffusion and create optical cloudiness of the lens. In order to understand the interactions between proteins and hydrogel contact lens materials a study was designed to measure the diffusivity of two model proteins within hydrogel films of varying composition using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Diffusion of human serum albumin (HSA) and apoferritin (aFER) was examined in a range of ~20 μm thick poly(acrylamide) (pAA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels. Protein diffusivity was measured as a function of depth position within each hydrogel film. The characteristic diffusion time for two proteins in pHEMA hydrogels increased relative to both their diffusivity in solution and in pAA hydrogels, indicating that the protein-pHEMA interaction rather than the degree of hydrogel crosslinking is responsible for the observed effects. The resulting spatial representation of the molecular diffusion of proteins into and interaction with hydrogel materials builds a basis on which to conduct similar studies using commercial contact lens samples.
LIQUID TEXTURE PERCEIVED IN THE MOUTH

Statistical analysis of subjective assessments obtained by ratio scaling suggested that a ten attribute vocabulary describing liquid texture in the mouth could be reduced to a smaller number without great loss of predictive power, Three attributes, “thickness,”“smoothness,” and “slipperiness,” which could best predict the remaining seven were selected for further study. Each attribute was found to be closely related to a specific force in the mouth. “Thickness” was shown to be proportional to the viscous force between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. “Smoothness” seemed to be inversely proportional to the frictional force caused by the contact between the tongue and the mouth. “Slipperiness” was shown to be inversely proportional to a known average of viscous and frictional forces.
Antibody Response of Syngeneic Mice to Membrane Antigens from NDV-lnfected Lymphoma

Homogenates from transplantable virusinduced tumors that have been infected with viruses of influenza, Newcastle disease (NDV), or parainfluenza I produce tumor transplant resistance in syngeneic mice (1-3), but similar preparations from uninfected tumor cells are not immunogenic. We now report that cytotoxic and complement fixing antibodies are found in inbred C3H/Bi mice immunized with certain cell fractions of an NDV-infected syngeneic lymphoma induced by the Gross leukemia virus. The results indicate that the immunogenic helper effect of NDV may extend to more than one leukemia antigen. The simultaneous presence of antibodies in syngeneic mice and rejection of tumor transplants suggests a possible relation of antibodies to resistance rather than to a blocking effect in vivo.
Supervisory Control for Energy Savings and Thermal Comfort in Commercial Building HVAC Systems

The operation and maintenance of commercial building HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems is illustrative of an industry that can benefit from the insightful use of all available information sources. Modern HVAC systems using direct digital control can potentially provide useful performance data. Occupant feedback complaint data and HVAC system trend data are stored within modern maintenance management databases. This paper will address the specific issue of integration and application of these fundamental sources of information, using some modern and novel techniques. Examples are found in, but are not limited to the following areas: discrete-event, continuous, and hybrid control system theory, artificial intelligence, statistics, system identification, databases, etc. Methods specific to these areas can be used to synthesize a supervisory controller. The objective of this controller is to reduce energy costs, improve building occupant comfort, fault detection and diagnostic capability. At the same time, the entire process needs to be stable, and the influence of occupant behavior needs to be taken full advantage of. The controller will achieve these objectives by performing and/or prioritizing the appropriate actions to be taken either automatically or by facility operators. Furthermore, the cost and scalability of the entire effort described can be positively influenced by recent technological advances in computing power, sensors, and databases.
Fusarium head blight development and trichothecene accumulation in point inoculated Fusarium infected wheat heads

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch] is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically important disease of wheat, in North America. Warm and humid environments at and shortly after anthesis favour FHB. FHB results in yield losses and quality losses in infected grain due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. The objective of this study was to characterise the influence of different F. graminearum isolates and host resistance on FHB development and mycotoxin accumulation. A series of two greenhouse experiments were established where five single isolates of F. graminearum were tested. Three wheat cultivars were examined: Alsen (moderately resistant), 2375 (moderately susceptible) and Wheaton (susceptible). In the point-inoculation experiments, ca. 1000 conidia were placed into a central spikelet of spikes at anthesis. Point-inoculated spikelets were sampled at different growth stages up to soft dough stage. Sample...
Numerical modeling of heat-pipe transients

This paper describes work done to increase the understanding of numerical modeling of heat-pipe transients. The most significant contribution discussed in the paper is a method of reducing the amount of computer time required to obtain a numerical solution. It was found that time-accurate results could be obtained even if the heat-pipe's wall model and the heat-pipe's vapor model use different time steps to march through time. This leads to a reduction in computer time requirements by as much as a factor of 500. A second method of decreasing computer time requirements is also discussed. The method involves using an implicit solution algorithm instead of the explicit method used for most of this work. The implicit method was at least 10 times faster than the explicit method. Also in the paper, two different methods for modeling the heat-pipe wall transient are discussed and compared. Both methods gave comparable results; however, one method required less computer time than the other.
Exercise and diet induced weight loss improves measures of oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in adults with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome

Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) increase the risk for coronary heart disease; however, much of this risk is not attributable to traditional risk factors. We sought to determine whether weight loss associated with supervised aerobic exercise beneficially alters biomarkers of oxidative stress and whether these alterations are associated with improvements in measures of insulin resistance. Twenty-five sedentary and overweight to obese [body mass index (BMI) = 33.0 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)] individuals, with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, participated in a 4- to 7-mo weight loss program that consisted of energy restriction (reduced by approximately 500 kcal/day) and supervised aerobic exercise (5 days/wk, 45 min/day at 60% Vo(2 max); approximately 375 kcal/day). IR and insulin sensitivity were assessed by the calculation of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed by oxidized LDL (oxLDL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and low- and high- density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) lipid hydroperoxide concentrations in serum. Indexes for antioxidative status included apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and protein concentrations. Exercise- and diet-induced weight loss ( approximately 10%) significantly (P < 0.05) increased insulin sensitivity and reduced IR, oxLDL, and LDL lipid hydroperoxides but did not alter HDL lipid hydroperoxides or MPO concentrations. Lifestyle modification impacted systemic antioxidative status by increasing apoA1 concentrations and reducing serum PON1 protein and activity. Changes in oxidative stress were not associated with alterations in HOMA or QUICKI. Diet- and exercise-induced weight loss ( approximately 10%) improves measures of insulin sensitivity and beneficially alters biomarkers of oxidative status.
Purine uptake by azaguanine-resistant Chinese hamster cells.

In this study the resistance of a number of lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells to azaguanine is examined. Those which are drug resistant by virtue of a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) fail to take up any exogenous hypoxanthine or azaguanine. A second class of drug resistant cells which grow in the reverse selective HAT medium and have levels of HPRT in the range of the wild type parent line take up these purines at lower rates than the non-resistant cells and incorporate smaller amounts of them into trichloracetic acid-insoluble constituents. The results suggest that their basis for resistance resides in lowered incorporation of azaguanine into DNA and RNA, possibly due to a mofified HPRT molecule which accepts hypoxanthine, but not azaguanine as a substrate.
Fiery Dragons. Banks, Money Lenders and Microfinance in Burma

Sean Turnell (Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2009) A hundred years ago, Burma was one of the richest countries in Southeast Asia. Today, it is one of the poorest and least developed nations in the world. ...