cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Recognition in Biology

Protein recognition is pervasive in living systems. Interactions of proteins with each other and with other biomolecules occur in crowded and dynamic environments, ultimately leading to the multimolecular assemblies and networks that are recurrent components underpinning the molecular mechanisms of health and disease. Appreciating the nature and environment of protein interactions can help identify opportunities for molecular sensing in biological systems and guide the conditions needed for biomolecular sensing using biosensors and biochips. Keywords: protein interactions; biomolecular sensing; intracellular complexes; transcriptional regulation; membrane-associated complexes; intracellular trafficking; signal transduction; sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs); SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP); sterol-sensing domain; Rvs167 protein phosphorylation; BAR domain heterodimer formation; SH3 domain ubiquitination; cytokine receptor assembly; receptor activation; interleukin-5; antagonist design
A Histochemical Autoradiographic Method for Demonstration of Tyrosinase in Human Melanocytes, Nevi and Malignant Melanoma1

Numerous earlier attempts to demonstrate the enzyme tyrosinase in normal human melanocytes were unsuccessful. It was observed in 1950 (1) that after irradiating human *v:sp> '.< vivowith ultraviolet radiant energy, it was possible to identify tyrosinase in the human epidermal melanocyte following incubation in tyrosine. With this histochemical method, a precise localization of the enzyme on melanin granules was obtained. The problem of diffusion of substrate which seriously limits accurate localization of enzymes with many histochemical procedures does not exist with this method. Diffusion of substrate is not possible since tyrosinase is bound to the melanin granule in the cytoplasm of the melanocyte. Tyrosine becomes attached to the enzyme and the oxidation and polymerization to melanin occur on the surface of the melanin granule.
Simulations and Experiments of a Dual-Stream Low-Boom Supersonic Inlet

An axisymmetric supersonic inlet was designed to deliver high-quality subsonic flow to a turbofan engine, with a relaxed external compression centerbody to minimize the external overpressures. This study investigates the fluid dynamic performance and angle of attack, or pitch, sensitivity of two similar inlet geometries. The computations employ three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, while the experimental data were derived from the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field 8′×6′ supersonic tunnel. Test conditions were based on a free-stream Mach number of 1.66 and pitch angles from −2 to +5 deg⁡. Instrumentation includes stagnation pressure rakes in the core and bypass streams, as well as centerbody surface pressures. The two geometries were found to deliver high recovery flow to the engine face at zero pitch. At finite pitch angles, lower recovery flow was observed near the cowl, caused by the change in shock structure, but was successfully diverted to the bypass stream, and good ...
Chlorella Virus Pyrimidine Dimer Glycosylase Excises Ultraviolet Radiation– and Hydroxyl Radical–induced Products 4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and 2,6-Diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine from DNA¶

A DNA glycosylase specific for UV radiation‐induced pyrimidine dimers has been identified from the Chlorella virus Paramecium Bursaria Chlorella virus-1. This enzyme (Chlorella virus pyrimidine dimer glycosylase [cvpdg]) exhibits a 41% amino acid identity with endonuclease V from bacteriophage T4 (T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase [T4-pdg]), which is also specific for pyrimidine dimers. However, cv-pdg possesses a higher catalytic efficiency and broader substrate specificity than T4-pdg. The latter excises 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde), a UV radiation‐ and hydroxyl radical‐induced monomeric product of adenine in DNA. Using gas chromatography‐isotope-dilution mass spectrometry and g-irradiated DNA, we show in this work that cv-pdg also displays a catalytic activity for excision of FapyAde and, in addition, it excises 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua). Kinetic data show that FapyAde is a better substrate for cv-pdg than FapyGua. On the other hand, cv-pdg possesses a greater efficiency
Paving the Path to Accurately Predicting Legal Outcomes: A Comment on Professor Chien’s Predicting Patent Litigation

Professor Colleen Chien recently developed an innovative and important model that relies on a patent's "after-acquired" characteristics to predict the chances that the patent will be involved in litigation. This comment critiques Professor Chien's model by identifying certain weaknesses, including that its dataset is limited to 1990 patents and its sample size may be too small to be sufficiently representative, as well as a number of endogeneity concerns. Additionally, we seek a more precise definition of data regarding the patent owner, further categorization of reexamination data, and research into the timing of transfer. Finally, we question her policy recommendations given these weaknesses and propose areas of further inquiry.
Naturally occurring missense mutation in the polymerase gene terminating hepatitis B virus replication.

Abstract A hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome was cloned from human liver. Numerous mutations in all viral genes define this HBV DNA as a mutant, divergent from all known HBV DNA sequences. Functional analyses of this mutant demonstrated a defect blocking viral DNA synthesis. The genetic basis of this defect was identified as a single missense mutation in the 5' region of the viral polymerase gene, resulting in the inability to package pregenomic RNA into core particles. The replication defect could be trans-complemented by a full-length wild-type, but not by a full-length mutant or 3'-truncated wild-type, polymerase gene construct. Our findings indicate a critical role of the 5' polymerase gene region in the life cycle of the virus and suggest that introducing missense mutations in this region can be a strategy to terminate viral replication in vivo.
Role of intra-, inter-molecular and resonance decay pathways in nonradiative processes taking place in impurity-doped laser crystals

Summary form only given. The interaction between local modes (/spl omega//sub L/-vibrations associated to an impurity ion) and phonon modes (/spl omega//sub P/-vibrations associated to the lattice host) plays a crucial role in determining the strength of nonradiative processes taking place in impurity-doped laser crystals. Following photoexcitation of an impurity ion, nonradiative processes proceed through the following succession of steps: (1) a transition through an electronic bottleneck (towards a lower lying electronic state) generates a large local mode population; (2) the energy stored for a brief time (/spl sim/ps) in local modes is transferred to select phonon modes via harmonic and/or anharmonic interactions; and; (3) the "active" phonon modes interact with the phonon bath and bring the system back to thermal equilibrium. Our work has focused on the interaction between the local and phonon subsystems.
Sexual Orientation and Personality.

The relation between sexual orientation and personality was examined in a meta-analysis with a total sample of 2,724 heterosexual men, 799 gay men, 157 bisexual men, 5,053 heterosexual women, 697 lesbian women, and 317 bisexual women. Self-ascribed masculinity-femininity (Self-M-F) and gender-related interests showed the largest heterosexual-homosexual differences (respective ds = .60 and 1.28 for men, and -1.28 and -1.46 for women) and the largest sex differences (respective ds = 2.83 and 2.65). Instrumentality and expressiveness showed much smaller heterosexual-homosexual and sex differences. Big Five traits showed a number of small-to-moderate heterosexual-homosexual and sex differences. Bisexual men were much more like gay men than like heterosexual men in their Self-M-F and gender-related interests, whereas bisexual women were intermediate between lesbian and heterosexual women. Homosexual participants were more variable on some gender-related traits than same-sex heterosexuals were. The gender inversion hypothesis-that gay men's traits tend to be somewhat feminized and that lesbians' traits tend to be somewhat masculinized-received considerable support. Results are discussed in terms of biological and psychosocial theories of gender and sexual orientation.
1D and 2D scanning mirrors using thermal buckle-beam actuation

Micromirrors with linear deflection behaviors have been found useful for systems requiring 1D and 2D optical scanning patterns and are solutions for low-cost vector or video raster image generators. The advantages of thermal buckle-beam and bimorph actuators are high resulting force, low MEMS area and low voltage requirements. The devices presented in this paper can achieve modest deflection angles at relatively high frequencies. The mirror actuators consists of a doubly clamped array of polysilicon beams that are Joule heated and allowed to buckle out-of-plane. Instead of utilizing the usual linear displacement, a torque is derived from a coupling beam attached across the buckling beams at the point of the maximum derivative of buckle. As the beams buckle, the torque causes the mirror to be rotated away from the substrate. Non-resonant, near-linear mirror deflection response has been achieved with a maximum deflection of six mechanical degrees at a frequency of a few KHz. Employing a high Q resonant structure, a frequency of 16 KHz has been attained with a 1D mirror scanner at a maximum mechanical deflection of around 20 degrees. 1D and 2D scanning mirror devices have been built and will be reviewed in this paper.
IgA dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis: pathology and insights into disease mechanisms

Abstract IgA dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis is a relatively recently described entity that typically presents with acute kidney injury, haematuria and proteinuria. Pathologically, the renal biopsy shows variable light microscopic findings ranging from mesangial hypercellularity to diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, but characteristic dominant or co-dominant IgA deposits by immunofluorescence, and subepithelial "hump"-shaped electron dense deposits. The majority of cases are associated with Staphylococcal infections. It is the aim of this review to discuss the salient clinical and pathologic features of IgA dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis based on our own experience and review of the literature. Diagnostic criteria and pathophysiologic disease mechanisms are discussed.
Positive and negative contrast in licking with shifts in sucrose concentration as a function of food deprivation

Abstract Rats under 21- or 1-hr food deprivation were shifted from licking 12 to 32% sucrose or from licking 32 to 12% sucrose. Both positive and negative contrast effects were obtained under both deprivation conditions. Positive contrast was transient, lasting about 1 min, and was considerably larger under low deprivation than high deprivation conditions. The ease of obtaining a large positive contrast effect in subjects under low deprivation is taken as evidence that high drive levels hinder the demonstration of positive contrast because of the high prevailing response level.
An empirical study for measuring operating room quality performance attributes

Abstract Rising health care costs and customer dissatisfaction with services has prompted many hospital administrators to begin scrutinizing their operations. The initial challenge for administrators is to identify the critical processes of the hospital. Since the main purpose of a hospital is to improve the health of its patients, one of its core processes involves the procedures of the operating room (OR). Focusing on OR processes should prove to be one important lever for improving the overall quality of hospital services.
Is Operative Closure of a Small Ventricular Septal Defect Required After an Episode of Infective Endocarditis

IE The only analyses that permit meaningful comparisons of populations are published reports that provide patient-years of exposure. We have chosen not to include reports of adults only. The period of a study must be considered in these comparisons because before widespread use of echocardiography, particularly Doppler, the location of the defect, pressure gradients between left and right ventricles, and the presence of aortic valve disorders were more difficult to determine. The publications are presented in chronologic
A Comprehensive 3D Finite Element Model of a Thermoelectric Module Used in a Power Generator: A Transient Performance Perspective

Thermoelectric power generator has potential for small-scale and distributed power generation because of its high durability and scalability. It is very important to realize that the transient behavior of thermoelectric modules (TEM) affects a thermoelectric generator’s response to dynamic working environments. Traditionally, researchers have used simplified models to describe the behavior of thermoelectric modules. In this paper we propose a comprehensive mathematical model that considers the effect of variations of chemical potential and carrier density, which are ignored by traditional models. Finite element models based on this new model are used to simulate the transient behavior of a thermoelectric module subjected to rapid changes in boundary temperature or working load. Simulation results show that transition times of thermoelectric modules affected by temperature change are much longer than those of modules affected by changes in electrical load resistance. Sudden changes in working temperature cause voltage overshoot of the TEM output, which, however, is not observed in responses to sudden changes of load resistance. Comparisons also show there are significant differences between the behavior of TEM predicted by use of this new comprehensive model and that predicted by use of traditional models, particularly for the high-temperature intrinsic ionization region and the low-temperature weak ionization region. This implies that chemical potential and carrier density variations, which are taken into account by this new model but ignored by traditional models, have major effects on the performance of TEM.
Nucleoside synthesis under potentially prebiotic conditions.

IT is widely believed that the “prebiotic” formation of polynucleotides was a key step in the evolution of life. One of the least understood steps in this synthesis is the formation of nucleosides. Sugars, purines and pyrimidines can be made in relatively high yields from simple materials, and nucleosides can be converted to nucleotides under reasonably plausible “prebiotic” conditions1, but the yield of nucleosides reported in most prebiotic syntheses is poor. We have therefore investigated certain aspects of prebiotic nucleoside synthesis.
Visualizing strain and the Rf–Φ method with an interactive computer program

Abstract The Rf–Φ method is a powerful graphical approach for estimating finite strain of deformed elliptical objects, but one that students commonly find difficult to understand. We developed a program that allows users to explore visually how deforming a set of elliptical objects appears on Rf–Φ plots. A user creates or loads the ellipses and then deforms them by simple shear, pure shear, or rigid rotation. As the ratio of the long to short axis of the ellipses (Rf) and long-axis orientations (Φ) change in one window, the Rf–Φ plot continuously and instantaneously updates in another. Users can save snapshots of the deformed elliptical objects and the Rf–Φ plots to record graphical experiments. The program provides both Rf vs. Φ and polar ln(Rf) vs. 2(Φ) plots. The user can ‘undeform’ ellipses quickly and easily, making it possible to inspect the ‘original’ shapes and orientations of objects, and to evaluate the plausibility of the determined strain values. Users can export information about the pebbles' shape and orientation to spreadsheets for rigorous statistical analysis. This program is written in Java and so can run on virtually any operating system. Both the source code and the application will be freely available for academic purposes.
Brave new biosensors.

Article synthese portant sur les dernieres avancees technologiques dans le domaine des biodetecteurs: biodetecteurs ISFET, fluoromicrospheres, biodetecteur a fibres optiques
Hydrophobic CNx thin film growth by inductively-coupled RF plasma enhanced pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Interest in carbon nitride as a wear-resistant coating has spurred a large number of attempts at thin film growth using a variety of techniques. Unfortunately, achieving the proper stoichiometry has proven to be surprisingly difficult, and significant effort is typically required to obtain nitrogen contents in excess of 25%. We report the achievement of 38% nitrogen content films deposited on (100) silicon substrates by means of pulsed laser ablation of a graphite target in conjunction with an inductively coupled RF nitrogen plasma source originally designed for molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN. Quadrupole mass spectroscopy of the plasma source, yields a cracking efficiency of approximately 1.8%, with no significant dependence on RF power. Strong trends in nitrogen incorporation, with both substrate temperature and laser fluence, are observed, the best films being grown at temperatures less than 300°C and fluences of less than 410 mJ/cm 2 . No discernable trend in nitrogen content is observed with either laser repetition rate or the RF power applied to the nitrogen plasma source, and only CN single bonds are in evidence in FTIR. Contact angle measurements indicate that moderate nitrogen content CN x films have a slightly hydrophobic character, comparable to pure amorphous carbon films. Coupled with the hardness potential of this material, the hydrophobic behavior makes CN x a candidate for a number of applications, including alleviating stiction problems in rotating component microelectronic machine (MEMS) systems.
Comparative bioavailability of L-683,453, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, from a self-emulsifying drug delivery system in Beagle dogs

Bioavailabilities (BA) of the lipophilic compound, L-683,453, from several formulations were determined in fasted and fed purpose-bred Beagle dogs following oral administration and an i.v. reference dose. The compound is poorly soluble in water (∼0.001 mg/mL) and exhibited very low BA, 0.2%, from suspensions in methyl cellulose, in fasted dogs. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into suspensions increased BA significantly to 0.6% in fasted (P = 0.05) and to 1.7% in fed animals (P < 0.01). A more dramatic enhancement in BA, up to 13.7%, was achieved from a self-emulsifying formulation composed of mono- and di-glycerides of caprylic/capric acids (MDG) and surfactants. It was found that tolerability and efficacy of MDG-based formulations at 16 mg/kg depend not only on the dose but also on the dosing volume. A volume of 2 mL/kg caused emesis, while a volume of 1 mL/kg was well tolerated. In contrast to its effect on suspensions, food had no statistically significant effect on BA of self-emulsifying formulations at dosing volumes of 1 mL/kg and 0.25 mL/kg. However, peak plasma concentrations were achieved faster in fed than in fasted animals.
Vibrational signatures of metal-chelated monosaccharide epimers: gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of Rb+-tagged glucuronic and iduronic acid.

Gas-phase binding of the alkali metal Rb+ to two monosaccharide isomers, glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA), is investigated by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. The infrared spectra display striking differences, exemplified by the clear absence of a band at 3625 cm−1 in the case of IdoA + Rb+. Comparison of the experimental spectra to computed spectra of DFT-optimized structures suggests that Rb+-tagged GlcA and IdoA each adopt their own distinctive complexation pattern. For GlcA, mainly the β-anomer 4C1 chair complex is observed, whereas for IdoA the data are consistent with the α-anomer 1C4 chair structure, as well as the corresponding β-anomer. The differences in the Rb+ binding motif rationalize the disparities in the infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectra. Whereas Rb+ binding to GlcA leaves the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network between the OH groups intact, this network is disrupted for IdoA. The lack of stronger hydrogen-bonding for IdoA + Rb+ thus correlates well with the absence of the red-shifted OH stretch band at 3625 cm−1.
UNSTEADY DIFFUSION OF FLUIDS THROUGH SOLIDS UNDERGOING LARGE DEFORMATIONS

In this work, we develop a theory for studying the unsteady diffusion problems which involve the motion of singular surfaces within the context of the theory of interacting continua. The theory allows for the possibility of mixtures with different properties on either side of the surface. Constitutive equations have to be postulated for the mixtures and the singular surface. The jump conditions across the singular surface are obtained by extending techniques developed in the case of a single continuum. To evaluate the validity of the theory we solve a typical boundary-initial value problem employing the theory.
Solution-processed photodetectors using non-toxic, colloidal ZnS-AgInS 2 nanoparticles

Non-toxic, colloidal ZnS-AgInS 2 (ZAIS) nanoparticles (NPs) were used as the active material in a photodetector for the first time. This demonstrates the optoelectronic properties of ZAIS NPs, and proves its viability in other optoelectronic devices.
Serum C'3 Lytic System in Patients with Glomerulonephritis

The serums of patients with hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis contain a substance that combines with a normal serum cofactor in the presence of magnesium ion to specifically cleave the third component of complement. This lysis of C'3 is 80 to 90 percent complete in 20 minutes at 37 degrees C and pH 7. Neither the nephritic factor nor its cofactor is identifiable with the complement system.
Sonography in the diagnosis and management of hepatic amebic abscess in children

Hepatic amebic abscess is a potentially fatal infection which is difficult to diagnose in children. Sonography is an ideal non-invasive imaging tool which can prove invaluable in the diagnosis and management of hepatic amebic abscess. Sonographic findings should suggest the correct diagnosis in most instances. This allows prompt initiation of therapy, forestalling life-threatening complications. Sonography is also an extremely useful non-invasive means of following response to therapy in children with hepatic amebic abscesses.
Satellite‐based assessment of cloud‐free net radiative effect of dust aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean

[1] Using eighteen months (June–August, 2000–2005) of spatially and temporally collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data from the Terra satellite over the Atlantic Ocean [10W–60W, 0–30N], we first separate the dust aerosol optical thickness at 0.55 μm (AOT) from the total column MODIS AOT. We then calculate the cloud-free TOA net radiative effect (NRE) of dust aerosols by accounting for diurnal effects and sample biases. The cloud-free NRE is −6.31 ± 1.16 Wm−2 and nearly twenty percent of the shortwave radiative effect (−7.75 ± 0.86 Wm−2) is cancelled by the longwave radiative effect (+1.44 ± 0.57 Wm−2) indicating the importance of the dust aerosols in the thermal portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is the first multi-year satellite-based assessment of the NRE of dust aerosols indicating the importance of both the shortwave and longwave radiative effects of dust aerosols over the oceans unlike anthropogenic aerosols that have negligible TOA longwave radiative forcing effects.
Die Bildung von Tetramethoxyarsenaten bei der Reaktion von Arsensäuretrimethylester mit Aminen – eine Bestätigung des Reaktionsablaufes bei der Darstellung von Orthoarsensäurepentamethylester

Tetramethoxyarsenate werden neben Aminolyseprodukten bei der Umsetzung von Arsensauretrimethylester mit der gleichen Molzahl primaren Amins (Propylamin, Athylendiamin, Hexamethylendiamin) in Methanol als kristalline Verbindungen erhalten. Diese Verbindungen konnen aus Methanol umkristallisiert werden, zersetzen sich aber im Olpumpenvakuum leicht unter Methanolabspaltung. Die entsprechenden Athoxyverbindungen konnten auf diesem Wege nicht dargestellt werden. Aus der Bildung der Tetramethoxyarsenate wird auf das Vorliegen der ihnen entsprechenden freien Saure, HOAs(OCH3)4, beim Umsatz mit nur 1/2 Mol Amin je Mol Ester ruckgeschlossen. In addition to aminolysis products, reasonably stable, crystalline tetramethoxyarsenates have been obtained from 1:1-molar reactions of trimethylorthoarsenate(V) with primary mono- and diamines in methanol. Their isolation leads to the conclusion that on reacting of 1/2 mole amine with one mole of the orthoester, the free acid HOAs(OCH3)4 is formed. Tetraethoxyarsenates could not be prepared in this manner.
Depolarization effects in optically pumped polarized proton sources

Abstract We discuss the electron spin depolarization of a hydrogen beam formed by charge capture in a polarized alkali vapor. An expression is derived for the final ground-state polarization of the hydrogen beam as a function of external-magnetic-field strength. This expression reveals the interesting possibility of producing a polarized beam with an unpolarized target. Some additional implications of our result for a practical polarized proton source are considered.
Maximum droplet growth when cooling a saturated solution

Abstract The maximum size of a droplet or spherical solid particle which grows from an initially saturated, homogeneous binary solution as the temperature decreases is predicted through an approximate, closed solution valid for solutes of moderate solubility (up to 1 per cent). The dimensionless radius-time relationship is presented for various levels of the parameters, which involve the activation energy for the temperature dependence of the diffusivity, the heat of solution, and the initial and final temperatures of the system. The decrease of diffusivity with time is shown to hinder the growth process, offsetting the simultaneous increase in driving force.
Effects of optimal concentrations of asphalt-tar substances and wax on the rheological characteristics of high-viscosity petroleum during transport in large pipelines

It is shown that the optimum ratio of asphalt-tar substances to wax is independent of temperature and pressure in transport of high-viscosity petroleum through pipelines.
Addison's Disease Associated with Pubic and Axillary Alopecia and Normal Menses

IT is commonly assumed that growth of cutaneous hair, excluding that of the scalp and eyebrows, is a manifestation of anterior pituitary and gonadal function or of gonadal function only. Clinical evidence, especially that derived from the hirsutism which accompanies tumors of the suprarenal cortex makes one reluctant to accept this assumption. The case history which follows makes one even more skeptical. The patient had a normal feminine habitus, normally developed breasts and, after her menses had become well established, practically normal menstrual periods. It is highly probable, therefore, that ovarian and anterior pituitary functions were essentially normal.1 Nevertheless, there was almost complete absence of cutaneous hair except for that of the scalp and eyebrows. In view of the fact that the patient had Addison's disease, it seems very likely that in her case, at least, failure of growth of the ‘sexually conditioned’ hair was almost certainly the result of insufficiency of function of the supraren...
8- to 13 μm spectroscopy of comet Levy 1990 XX

Abstract Comet Levy 1990 XX was observed from Aug. 12 to Aug. 15, 1990, UT before perihelion with the 3-m Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) and the Aerospace Broadband Array Spectrograph System (BASS) using a 3.7-arcsec-diameter aperture. The spectra showed strong, structured silicate emission with peaks near 9.8 and 11.2 μm that are similar to those displayed by Comets P/Halley and Bradfield 1987 XXIX (1987s). The continuum was well fit by a graybody whose temperature is 262–277 K, significantly above the radiative equilibrium blackbody temperature of 223 K for the comet's heliocentric distance of 1.54 AU. This temperature excess requires the silicate grains to be small, less than or about 1 μm radius.
An assessment of the role mass market demand response could play in contributing to the management of variable generation integration issues

Abstract The penetration of wind and solar generating resources is expected to dramatically increase in the United States over the coming years. It is widely understood that large scale deployment of these types of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind, solar) that have variable and less predictable production characteristics than traditional thermal resources poses integration challenges for bulk power system operators. At present, bulk power system operators primarily utilize strategies that rely on existing thermal generation resources and improved wind and solar energy production forecasts to manage this uncertainty; a host of additional options are also envisioned for the near future including demand response (DR). There are well-established bodies of research that examine variable generation integration issues as well as demand response potential; but, the existing literature that provides a comparative assessment of the two neither treats this topic comprehensively nor in a highly integrated fashion. Thus, this paper seeks to address these missing pieces by considering the full range of opportunities and challenges for mass market DR rates and programs to support integration of variable renewable generation.
A NEW PRODIGININE (PRODIGIOSIN-LIKE) PIGMENT FROM STREPTOMYCES. ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF SEVERAL PRODIGININES

Two prodigiosin-like pigments from Streptomyces sp. were shown to be undecylprodiginine (I) and butylcycloheptylprodiginine (V). The antimalarial activity of five prodiginine pigments is given.
PS3-38: The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Member Health Survey Project.

Background/Aims We will introduce researchers and administrators to the KP Northern California Member Health Survey Project (MHS) and illustrate how it has been used for research and to monitor population sociodemographic and health-related characteristics over time.
Physical Activity and Environment Research in the Health Field: Implications for Urban and Transportation Planning Practice and Research

This article reviews literature fromthe health field investigating the characteristics of environments that support or hinder physical activity. This literature shows that physical activity is associated with objective and subjective measures of accessibility to recreational facilities and local destinations, as well as with neighborhood safety and visual quality. Walking and biking emerge as prominent forms of physical activity and occur primarily in neighborhood streets and public facilities, suggesting that building walkable and bikable communities can address health as well as transportation concerns. The studies help advance environment-behavior research related to urban and transportation planning. They identify behavioral and environmental determinants of physical activity and employ rigorous data collection methods and theoretical frameworks that are new to the planning field. The article concludes that multidisciplinary research will likely yield promising results in identifying the aspects of en...
Bayesian Estimation of Graded Response Multilevel Models Using Gibbs Sampling: Formulation and Illustration

The present study presents the formulation of graded response models in the multilevel framework (as nonlinear mixed models) and demonstrates their use in estimating item parameters and investigating the group-level effects for specific covariates using Bayesian estimation. The graded response multilevel model (GRMM) combines the formulation of graded response models with the discrimination parameter fixed at one for all items by Tuerlinckx and Wang and of two parameter models by Rijmen and Briggs to offer graded response models with item-specific discrimination parameters. Apart from the contribution to the body of knowledge by formulating GRMMs, the significance of the present study includes providing a meeting point between psychometrics and statistics, overcoming the Neyman—Scott problem by using Bayesian estimation, estimation of abilities of persons with extreme scores, and demonstration of general purpose software for estimating item response theory parameters. Data from the emotional functioning s...
Market orientation at the beginning of a new millennium

Contrasts traditional market‐oriented behaviors with “second generation” market‐oriented behaviors. Argues that, in order to sustain competitive advantage, businesses must practice second generation behaviors.
Seated human response to simple and complex impacts: Paraspinal muscle activity

Abstract Prolonged exposure to seated impacts has been associated with low back disorders, although the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In this pilot study, 12 healthy right-handed male subjects were exposed to low amplitude simple (from one direction) and complex (from two directions) seated impacts under two suspension conditions (enabled or disabled) and two sitting postures (supported or unsupported). A simple impact consisted of a single strike in either a side-to-side or a vertical-upwards direction with peak acceleration of about 4.6 m/s 2 and 100 ms in duration. Complex impacts consisted of two simple impacts applied in sequence with 100 ms delay in between. Myoelectric activity of the left and the right erector spinae muscles at L3 (LES and RES) were recorded during impacts. It was found that the muscle response timing was dictated by the direction of the first impact during complex impacts, while the peak muscle response amplitude varied in accordance with the second impact. The combined muscle activity was slightly higher during complex impacts. It was also found that enabling the seat suspension resulted in a significantly lower muscle response in LES but not RES. In contrast, enabling the seat suspension tended to cause a delay in muscle response timing in RES but not LES. The combined muscle activity was significantly lower when the seat suspension was enabled. Sitting posture did not affect muscle response to impacts. These results suggest that the control system may not be able to protect the lumbar spine from seated impacts. Furthermore, muscle activity during impacts may significantly increase spinal joint load. Therefore, back injury is more likely to occur in work environments containing mechanical shocks. Better shock isolation is warranted.
Effect of solar ultraviolet-B radiation during springtime ozone depletion on photosynthesis and biomass production of Antarctic vascular plants.

We assessed the influence of springtime solar UV-B radiation that was naturally enhanced during several days due to ozone depletion on biomass production and photosynthesis of vascular plants along the Antarctic Peninsula. Naturally growing plants of Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. were potted and grown under filters that absorbed or transmitted most solar UV-B. Plants exposed to solar UV-B from mid-October to early January produced 11% to 22% less total, as well as above ground biomass, and 24% to 31% less total leaf area. These growth reductions did not appear to be associated with reductions in photosynthesis per se: Although rates of photosynthetic O2 evolution were reduced on a chlorophyll and a dry-mass basis, on a leaf area basis they were not affected by UV-B exposure. Leaves on plants exposed to UV-B were denser, probably thicker, and had higher concentrations of photosynthetic and UV-B absorbing pigments. We suspect that the development of thicker leaves containing more photosynthetic and screening pigments allowed these plants to maintain their photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area. Exposure to UV-B led to reductions in quantum yield of photosystem II, based on fluorescence measurements of adaxial leaf surfaces, and we suspect that UV-B impaired photosynthesis in the upper mesophyll of leaves. Because the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, as well as the initial slope of the photosynthetic light response, were unaffected by UV-B exposure, we suggest that impairments in photosynthesis in the upper mesophyll were associated with light-independent enzymatic, rather than photosystem II, limitations.
Maximum Cross Sections for Excited State and Two-Photon Absorption

There is a maximum value for any nonlinear process, which can be found on the basis of fundamental quantum mechanics. With regard to single photon processes, there is a maximum absorption cross section, σa, which any molecule may reach. The maximum is 1.13 × 10-17 λ is the wavelength of the light, n is the refractive index of the host medium, and Q is the quality factor ascribed to the absorption line width. Thus large cross sections can only be obtained at the expense of a narrow operating range. The maximum is set by fundamental physics. Since nonlinear phenomena are highly resonant, the maxima of higher-order processes are also a strong function of the width of the resonance and the peak wavelength. In the case of twophoton absorption the peak value of the maximum cross section, σ2N or δ, is roughly 3.5 × 10-32 λ4nQ cm4/GW, or about 7 × 10-57 λ3 nQ cm4/photon. No value for a nonlinear coefficient is meaningful in the absence of the width of the resonance, the wavelength, and the refractive index of the medium at the wavelength of the measurement. The basic quantity of interest is the linear electronic polarizability. This fundamental quantity determines not only the absorption for the various processes of interest, but also the surface tension and the closely related solubility parameter. All scale with the polarizability a. The polarizability has a maximum value of e2/mω2; consequently the absorption cross sections have a corresponding ceiling. The maximum value for the peak in a resonant polarizability curve is set by a balance between the Coulomb potential energy of the electron and its kinetic energy. Hence it is an inherent property of the electron itself, irrespective of the molecular orbital in which it finds itself. All that the particular quantum configuration of the molecule does is partition the line strength for absorption among various possible transitions. The extreme case is when virtually all the strength is concentrated in a single transition, an inherently resonant condition.
Variational description of the nuclear free energy

By means of a variational calculation, we place an upper bound on the finite-temperature free energy for nuclear systems which can be described by pseudospin Hamiltonians. The trial states are irreducible permutation invariant Gibbs states. The best trial state is the one which minimizes the free energy operator. We compare the upper bound with the numerically computed free energy for the Meshkov-Glick-Lipkin Hamiltonian for various values of nucleon number N and nuclear interaction strength V. For large N and/or ..beta.. (= 1/KT) the best trial Gibbs state becomes a good approximation to the actual density operator. Somewhat surprisingly, the variational approach reveals the presence of a second order thermodynamic phase transition much more clearly than the numerical computation does, even though the former is only an approximation to the latter.
A geochemical model for the formation of hydrothermal carbonates on Mars

It is often argued that substantially more carbon dioxide and water were degassed from the martian interior than can be found at present in the atmosphere, polar caps and regolith. Calculations have shown that atmospheric escape cannot account for all of the missing volatiles. Suggestions that carbon dioxide is stored as marine or lacustrine deposits, are challenged by Earth-based and spacecraft remote-sensing data. Moreover, recent modelling of the martian atmosphere suggests that rainfall or open bodies of water are in any case unlikely to have persisted for extended periods of time. Hydrothermal carbonates therefore provide a possible solution to this dilemma. Using an accessible terrestrial system (Iceland) as a guide to the underlying processes, and a host rock composition inferred from the least-altered martian meteorite, we present a geochemical model for the formation of carbonates in possible martian hydrothermal systems. Our results suggest that an extensive reservoir of carbonate minerals--equivalent to an atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide of at least one bar--could have been sequestered beneath the surface by widespread hydrothermal activity in the martian past.
An equity perspective on community college finance

More than any other institution in the United States, community colleges have been assigned the task of carrying out society’s often-stated goal of equality of opportunity for postsecondary education. This spirit is evident in the educational policies of most two-year public colleges: in their ‘open door’ admissions, in their flexible scheduling of classes in the evening and on weekends and at locations that are convenient for the students, and in the practice of offering almost any educational experience that students feel they need. Community colleges have been more successful in attracting populations traditionally underrepresented in higher education. Compared to their four-year counterparts, community college students of 1976 were more likely to be black or hispanic (20 percent vs. 12 percent), to be attending part-time (43 percent vs. 15 percent), to be first-generation college-goers (59 percent vs. 48 percent), to have low family incomes (25 percent with less than $ 10,000 in family income vs. 16 percent), and to be older (more than 29 percent over 25 years old vs. 13 percent) (BC, 1978). On the financial side, the tradition of low tuition made possible by substantial public subsidies from state and/or local taxes was designed to bring a community college education within the reach of almost all families.
NONLINEAR INTERNAL FRICTION AND THE FORMATION OF MARTENSITE

Mesure du frottement interne non lineaire dans In-24,0% At. Tl et Cu-14% poids Al-3% poids Ni monocristallin. On montre que l'amortissement lineaire et l'amortissement non lineaire varient fortement quand on approche de la temperature de transformation martensitique
MMP-9- and NMDA receptor-mediated mechanism of diabetic renovascular remodeling and kidney dysfunction: Hydrogen sulfide is a key modulator

Previously we reported that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in diabetic kidney. Induction of NMDA-R and dysregulation of connexins (Cxs) were also observed. We concluded that this was due to decreased H2S production by downregulation of CBS and CSE enzymes. However, the potential role of H2S to mitigate ECM dysregulation and renal dysfunction was not clearly understood. The present study was undertaken to determine whether H2S supplementation reduces MMP-9-induced ECM remodeling and dysfunction in diabetic kidney. Wild type (C57BL/6J), diabetic (Akita, C57BL/6J-Ins2(Akita)), MMP-9 knockout (MMP-9(-/-), M9KO) and double KO of Akita/MMP-9(-/-) (DKO) mice were treated without or with 0.005 g/l of NaHS (as a source of H2S) in drinking water for 30 days. Decreased tissue production and plasma content of H2S in Akita mice were ameliorated with H2S supplementation. Dysregulated expression of MMP-9, CBS, CSE, NMDA-R1 and Cxs-40, -43 was also normalized in Akita mice treated with H2S. In addition, increased renovascular resistive index (RI), ECM deposition, plasma creatinine, and diminished renal vascular density and cortical blood flow in Akita mice were normalized with H2S treatment. We conclude that diminished H2S production in renal tissue and plasma levels in diabetes mediates adverse renal remodeling, and H2S therapy improves renal function through MMP-9- and NMDA-R1-mediated pathway.
Protein-Protein Interactions Based Drug Discovery Against the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel

The pore-forming α subunit of the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels (Nav1.1-Nav1.9) provides the basis for electrical excitability in the brain. These Nav channels are regulated by a number of accessory proteins. One of the important regulator of Nav channels is intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), a member of not-secreted intracellular FGFs (iFGFs; FGF11-13). This iFGF14 acts as an allosteric modulator of the Nav channel and regulates neuronal excitability by controlling Nav channel gating properties and expression.In pursuit of drug discovery against the FGF14-Nav1.6 channel complex, we are combining molecular modeling to design peptide-fragments of FGF14, split-luciferase complementation assay (LCA) to evaluate the potency of these peptides, and electrophysiology to further validates these peptides as disrupters of the FGF14/Nav1.6 channel complex. We already have created a FGF14 dimer homology model based on the FGF13 dimer crystal structure and have showed with in-cell LCA that the FGF14 monomer: monomer interface overlaps with the FGF14/Nav channel interface. We have also identified key amino acids in proximity to the FGF14/Nav1.6 interface and show that mutations at these sites affect the Nav channel assembly with the FGF14 monomer and control the access of small fragment peptides to the interface. Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesize that FGF14-peptide fragments mimicking the FGF14 protein will compete with FGF14 for binding to Nav channels and serve as potential chemical leads for drug development against Nav channels. The proposed small peptides based on the FGF14:Nav1.6 protein-protein interactions act as allosteric modulators for the Nav channel functions. These results will provide fundamental new knowledge for the design of new leads targeting the FGF14/Nav channel complex as a novel drugs target interface.
The utilization of an intertidal salt marsh creek by larval and juvenile fishes: Abundance, diversity and temporal variation

The utilization of an intertidal salt marsh creek in South Carolina during January 1977 was determined by sampling every third ebb tide for 13 days. All fishes leaving the creek during that period were captured in a channel net. This procedure produced a time-series of samples which permitted analysis of the fish community occupying the intertidal creek at all times of day and night.
Effect of insulin on the INH transport across the cell membranes in the perfused liver and isolated hemidiaphragm of rats.

Abstract The effect of insulin on INH transport across the cell membranes in the perfused liver and isolated hemidiaphragm or rats was studied. Insulin does not affect the rate of destruction of INH by liver tissue. Insulin increased the transport of INH from perfusate into the tissue as well as the elimination from tissue into the bile. In experiments with isolated hemidiaphragm insulin increased the transport of INH-C 14 into the intracellular space.
Aspects of thermal strange quark production: the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions

Abstract We study the gluonic sector of the three-flavor PNJL model by obtaining the adjoint Polyakov loop and the gluon distribution function in the mean-field approximation. Besides, we explore the thermal strange quark pair-production processes, q q ¯ → s s ¯ and g g → s s ¯ , with the aid of the three-flavor PNJL model. The results help us identify the temperature where the gluonic contribution to the production rate becomes dominant, which is an innovative phenomenon compared with the result obtained in free perturbation theory.