cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commercialization Status of Ni3Al-Based Alloys

The Ni 3 Al-based alloys have been under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and other research institutions in the United States and around the world for the last ten years. The incremental developments of composition, melting process, casting methods, property data, corrosion data, weldability development, and prototype component testing under production-like operating conditions have pushed the ORNL-developed Ni 3 Al-based alloys closer to commercialization. This paper will present the highlights of incremental technical developments along with the approach and current status of commercialization. It is concluded that cast components are the primary applications of Ni 3 Al-based alloys, and applications range from heat-treating fixtures to forging dies. It is also concluded that the commercialization process is accelerated when technology is licensed to an organization that can produce the alloy, has component manufacturing capability, and is also a user.
Renal concentrating defect in mice lacking group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2

Eicosanoids regulate various cellular functions that are important in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Arachidonic acid is released from membranes by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity...
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 8-2016. A 71-Year-Old Man with Recurrent Fevers, Hypoxemia, and Lung Infiltrates

A 71-year-old man presented with recurrent fevers, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Chest imaging showed consolidation predominantly in the lower lobes and diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities that had waxed and waned over a 6-month period. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Synthesis and antitumor activities of 3-benzoyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one derivatives

Aim To design and synthesize 3-benzoyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one derivatives,and to assay their antitumor activities.Methods Substituted acetophenones were reacted with diethyl carbonate via Claisen condensation to obtain the corresponding β-keto esters,which were further treated with substituted salicylaldehydes through the Knoevenagel condensation and cyclization at the same time to yield the target compounds.The antitumor activities of some target compounds obtained were evaluated on the human acute promyelocy-tic leukemia cells HL-60 and the human breast cancer cells T47D in vitro.Results Eighteen compounds were obtained and thirteen of them were not reported in the literature,and their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR and IR.Among the compounds tested,compound Ⅲ15 showed good activity against T47D cells,with IC50 of 38 μmol·L-1;compounds Ⅲ1,Ⅲ2 and Ⅲ15 exhibited good activities against HL-60 cells,with IC50s of 37 μmol·L-1,36 μmol·L-1 and 16 μmol·L-1 respectively.Conclusion The structure-activity relationships of 3-benzoyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one derivatives,as a novel type of tumor inhibitor,should be investigated furtherly.
Systolic Algorithms for Running Order Statistics in Signal and Image Processing

Median smoothing, a filtering technique with wide application in digital signal and image processing, involves replacing each sample in a grid with the median of the samples within some local neighborhood. As implemented on conventional computers, this operation is extremely expensive in both computation and communication resources. This paper defines the running order statistics (ROS) problem, a generalization of median smoothing. It then summarizes some of the issues involved in the design of special purpose devices implemented with very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. Finally, it presents algorithms designed for VLSI implementation which solve the ROS problem and are efficient with respect to hardware resources, computation time, and communication bandwidth.
Facile approach for synthesis of doped carbon electrocatalyst from cellulose nanofibrils toward high-performance metal-free oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution

Abstract Multi-element doped metal-free carbon nanomaterials with a 3D architecture were prepared from inexpensive and naturally abundant cellulose nanofibrils. Compared to the most graphene-based carbons reported in the literature that show only good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, our N,S-doped carbon nanofiber network coated with N,P-doped carbon nanoparticles showed good bifunctionality toward ORR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities. The HER performance with doped carbon material exhibited an onset potential of 233 mV (vs. RHE), a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 331 mV (vs. RHE), and Tafel slope of 99 mV decade−1. The same material was also used for ORR, which could deliver an onset potential 10 mV more negative than commercial Pt/C and a cathodic peak of 0.84 V (vs. RHE). These values are better than most reported metal-free electrocatalysts. The superior performance of carbon hybrid may be attributed to the combination of a more exposed highly active N,P-doped carbon, a good integration of N,P-doped carbon with N,S-doped carbon nanofibers, and an accelerated electron transport through N,S-doped carbon nanofibers as good conductivity channels.
A passive humidity monitoring system for in situ remote wireless testing of micropackages

Reports a small passive wireless humidity monitoring system (HMS) for continuous remote monitoring of humidity changes inside miniature hermetic packages, presents its application in determining hermeticity of an implantable biomedical package, and presents long-term performance results obtained from packages implanted in guinea pigs. This 7/spl times/1.2/spl times/1.5 mm/sup 3/ system consists of a high-sensitivity capacitive humidity sensor that forms an LC tank circuit together with a hybrid coil wound around a ferrite substrate. The resonant frequency of the circuit changes when the humidity sensor capacitance changes in response to changes in humidity. The HMS can resolve humidity changes of /spl plusmn/2.5% RH over a 2-cm range. The resolution is sufficient enough to monitor internal package humidity for either in vitro or in vivo testing.
Availability of Emotional Support and Mental Health Care for Pediatric Residents

Abstract Objective Resident mental health (MH) problems can be associated with reduced empathy and increased medical errors. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates resident MH support services, but it is unknown if these services are accessible and meet resident needs. We sought to describe the prevalence of anxiety and depression in current pediatric residents in New York State (NYS), and their self-reported use of and barriers to support services. Methods We developed an online survey and distributed it to all categorical pediatric residents in 9 NYS programs. Items addressing self-concern for clinical anxiety and depression and use of MH services were pilot tested for content and construct validity. The validated Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) measured depressive symptoms. Analyses used descriptive and chi-square tests. Results Respondents included 227 residents (54% response rate) distributed across training levels and programs. Many reported "often" or "almost always" feeling stress (52%), physical exhaustion (41%), and mental exhaustion (35%); 11% had PHQ-2-defined depressive symptoms. Some thought that their stress levels raised concern for clinical depression (25%) or anxiety (28%); among these, only 44% and 39%, respectively, had sought care. More women reported physical exhaustion ( P Conclusions Pediatric residents frequently experience MH symptoms, but many do not know about or use support services. Programs should enhance MH support by overcoming barriers and increasing resident awareness of services.
Solving games

Fuzzy measures go by different names in different disciplines. They can be called games, fuzzy measures, lower probabilities, capacities or beliefs. A solution is a weight on the underlying set that is in some sense consistent with the fuzzy measure. This paper discusses some methods of solving them. It also adds an solution method that is not part of any of the standard canons.
Adding Continuous Quality Improvement to a Medical School Curriculum: Problems and Possibilities

This article provides an overview of the successes and problems with adding continuous quality improvement to a medical school curriculum. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials

Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
One-pot photo-synthesis and in-situ generation of hydrogen by silver/strontium titanate photocatalyst under visible or near-UV light and role of midgap states: Experiment and DFT computations

Abstract We report “one-pot” photo-synthesis of nanocrystalline Ag(0)/SrTiO3 photocatalysts in aqueous suspension followed by in-situ testing in the same suspension to generate hydrogen under visible (λ > 400 nm) or near-UV/visible (λ ≥ 366 nm) light. The Ag(0)/SrTiO3 showed a significant increase of the photocatalytic rate vs. SrTiO3 i) under near-UV/visible light with very small amount of silver promoter at Ag0.001/SrTiO3 and ii) under visible light with Ag0.05/SrTiO3. The Ag(0)/SrTiO3 was characterized by several complementary structural and spectroscopic methods; no bandgap narrowing in the nanocrystalline Ag(0)/SrTiO3 has been observed. Mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen generation with Ag(0)/SrTiO3 under visible light involves relaxation of excited electron through the set of distinct electronic midgap states and includes preferential quenching of one of the two specific midgap transitions. The DFT computations of SrTiO3 with small cluster model for TiO2- and SrO-terminated surfaces result, for the first time, in optical bandgaps very close to experimental values. Geometry and binding energies were calculated for silver clusters attached to TiO2- and SrO-terminated surfaces. The DFT calculations suggest the mechanism of operation of Ag(0)/SrTiO3 under the UV light.
Against the tyranny of musical form: glitch music, affect, and the sound of digital malfunction

ABSTRACTThis essay provides a model of how to critically read non-representational sound by attending carefully to its material elements. It presents a novel conceptualization of glitch music, an experimental medium of digital art comprised of the unpleasant sounds of technology malfunctioning. The analysis examines the representative songs of glitch artists Oval and their sonic articulation of the regenerative possibilities of failure. Although Oval largely considers conventional musical form to be tyrannical, its sound art simulates traditional musical elements such as rhythm, phrasing, and instrumentation, and transforms them into their respective glitch equivalents of metrical dissonance, repeated sound textures, and timbral experimentation, thereby altering digital malfunctions of sound into a sensual affective experience. Although music is theorized elsewhere to be persuasive because of its mobilization of emotions within the listener, the glitch art of Oval is suasory because it generates affective...
Qualitative and quantitative pathology of clinically relevant thermal lesions

Cautery, the application of hot fluids, burning sticks, hot coals or heated metal rods for treatment of disease, has been used to control of bleeding and treat wounds, ulcers and tumors since Neolithic times. [1-6] It has only been in the last 130 years that various electromagnetic energy sources have been exploited to produce heat for thermal medical treatments. [1, 7,8] These sources include lasers (light) and radiofrequency, microwave frequency and ultrasound generators. [8] Currently, the heat generated by the interaction of these energy frequencies with targeted biologic tissues is being used to treat superficial and deep lesions for a variety of lesions in several different organs.
Changes in Hormone Binding and Responsiveness in Target Cells and Tissues During Aging

One very obvious manifestation of aging is a generalized decrease in vitality. This change can be quantitated, at least in part, in the form of ability to respond biochemically to various stimuli (for reviews see Adelman, 1972; Roth and Adelman, 1974; Gusseck, 1972). Many responses of this type directly involve or are mediated by hormones (Roth and Adelman, 1974; Gusseck, 1972).
Care and the Influence of Student-Adult Stakeholder Interactions on Young Black Men's College Aspirations

Students' college aspirations precede any decision they may make to apply and enroll in college. College aspirations broadly refer to the formal development of specific plans made by a young person...
Strong Coupling of Dye Molecules and Cavities: Beyond First Excited State Resonances

In example of Fabry-Perot cavities filled with dye molecules, we studied a range of strong coupling phenomena in complex systems with multiple exciton and optical resonances, bringing applications of these exciting systems one step closer.
Epigenetic Regulation of Pluripotency

Epigenetic regulation refers to the mechanisms that alter gene expression patterns in the absence of changes in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule. The best understood epigenetic marks include posttranslational modifications of the histone tails and DNA methylation. Both play central roles in normal development and in diseases. Pluripotent stem cells have great promise for regenerative medicine and recent efforts have focused on identifying molecular networks that govern pluripotency. This chapter provides an overview of epigenetic regulation in embryonic stem cells. We present a brief introduction into epigenetic mechanisms and focus on their role in pluripotent cells.
A Working Paper on the Mask of Law: Montoya's Mask and the Un/Masking of Legal Discourse

When I first read Margaret E. Montoya’s revolutionary article, Mascaras, Trenzas, y Grenas: Un/Masking the Self While Un/Braiding Latina Stories and Legal Discourse, I was a young law student at West Virginia University College of Law actively seeking to expand my doctrinal readings with theoretical readings in critical race theory and critical legal studies. I came across this article by chance; it was one of those random LexisNexis searches that many law students conduct. When I read the article, I drew several connections that guided my exploration of the idea of the mask. The first was to The Fugees’s “The Mask” from The Score. The second came a little later after I had seen the movie, Heading South, where one of the characters says, “Beware, sir. It’s hard to tell the good masks from the bad, but everybody wears one.” In this article, I will discuss the importance of Montoya’s mask, her mascara. I first explain the importance of the mask for Montoya and in the literature that I see as necessary to comprehending the complexity of Montoya’s mask. To do this I draw on several disparate sources to extract the meanings of the mask and the implications for legal scholars and activists. This piece helps position Montoya not only as contributing to LatCrit scholarship and feminist jurisprudence, but also as contributing to an intellectual tradition of theorizing the mask by expanding the rules of the game, by taking the work scholars have completed for years to theorize the intersections of performance, subjectivity, and identity and making it relevant and compassionate for current social justice struggles. Throughout this article I am also concerned with Montoya’s lasting LatCrit legacy, which has been evident at the most basic level in the tremendous number of citations her article has garnered inside the legal academy and beyond. Lastly, I discuss the ways in which Montoya’s mask remains a relevant consideration for critical race and feminist legal theory. Montoya’s article is central to the pantheon of critical race/latina/o critical theory scholarship and it is an honor and indeed a necessity to take account of it twenty years later.
Distributed Optimal Energy Management for Energy Internet

In this chapter, a novel energy management framework for Energy Internet with many energy bodies is presented, which features multi-coupling of different energy forms, diversified energy roles and peer-to-peer energy supply/demand, etc. The energy body as an integrated energy unit, which may have various functionalities and play multiple roles at the same time, is formulated for the system model development. Forecasting errors, confidence intervals and penalty factor are also taken into account to model renewable energy resources to provide trade-off between optimality and possibility. Furthermore, a novel distributed-consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, which contains a dynamic average consensus algorithm and distributed ADMM algorithm, is presented to solve the optimal energy management problem of energy internet. The proposed algorithm can effectively handle the problems of power-heat-gas-coupling, global constraint limits and non-linear objective function. With this effort, not only the optimal energy market clearing price but also the optimal energy outputs/demands can be obtained through only local communication and computation. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed algorithm.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Based Electrolytes for High-Current Potassium–Oxygen Batteries

The thermodynamic stability and relatively low free energy of formation (ΔG0 = −239.4 kJ mol–1) of KO2 offer the possibility of K–O2 cells as a catalyst-free, low overpotential energy storage syste...
Improving Energy Efficiency by Memoizing Data Access Information

Level-one data cache (L1 DC) and data translation lookaside buffer (DTLB) accesses impact energy usage as they frequently occur and each L1 DC and DTLB access uses significantly more energy than a register file access. Often, multiple memory operations will reference the same cache line using the same register, such as when iterating through an array. We propose to memoize L1 DC access information, such as the L1 DC data array way and the DTLB way, by associating this information with the register used to access it. When a load or store calculates the memory address, we detect whether the calculated address shares the cache line memoized with the base register. If so, we avoid the L1 DC tag array access and the DTLB access to determine the L1 DC way and instead use the memoized information. In addition, only a single data array way in a set-associative L1 DC needs to be accessed during a load instruction when the L1 DC way has been memoized. Our nonspeculative memoization approach can be applied before a speculative approach, allowing a significant reduction in data access energy usage for existing executables with no ISA modifications.
Using Bro with a Simulation Model to Detect Cyber-Physical Attacks in a Nuclear Reactor

Increasing integration of physical components into digital systems has introduced new attack vectors that traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are incapable of protecting with previously developed methods. Physical components can be targeted to change the behavior of the system without modifying the digital network, leading to unsafe or undesirable system states without causing unusual network activity. Anomaly-based detection methods can be adapted to monitor the system's physical behavior to mitigate these attacks. This paper presents such a method utilizing the Bro IDS with a simulation model of the physical system. The state of the model is compared to the state information of the system being transmitted on the network, allowing attacks to be detected by observing inconsistencies between the model and the system.
Growth interactions between icosahedral quasicrystals

We investigate the solidification pathways of a population of icosahedral quasicrystals in a liquid through in situ synchrotron x-ray tomography. The wealth of three-dimensional space- and time-resolved data enables us to test the predictions of various models and theories of crystallization on a quasi-crystal-forming alloy. Remarkably, we find the general evolution equation---that accounts for the competing effects of growth, coalescence, and coarsening---fits well our experimental data on surface area concentration. Furthermore, we quantify the orientation selection, screening length, and coarsening rate of the dodecahedra, and compare these results to that of periodic crystals. The latter is a full order of magnitude smaller than that of elemental metal dendrites in the limit of zero volume fraction, a reflection of the low solid-liquid interfacial energy of the icosahedral phase. Our paper provides the critical input data for microstructural models used for integrated computational materials engineering of complex intermetallics, including quasicrystals.
Plume Sample Modification at Icy Moons: Implications for Biosignatures

Water from the plumes of icy moons is a potential sampling target that may preserve the aqueous chemistry of the interior oceans, as well as organics and other biosignatures or prebiotic chemical precursors. Water within the plumes will be modified both as it is transported far above the moon’s surface, and as samples are taken of the plume water. Plume water is found to freeze rapidly by evaporation and sublimation, increasing the concentration of solutes by a factor of 20%. Organics within samples of the plume water are also potentially subject to significant alteration as they are collected, particularly oxidation resulting from reaction with oxidants entrained on ejection in the plume or formed via breakdown of H2O on the surface as the drops are exposed in space. Mitigation of this oxidation will be critical to successful sample collection.
A recently discovered hand-coloured geological map of Norfolk and Suffolk attributed to Richard Cowling Taylor (1789–1851)

A recently discovered hand-coloured geological map of Norfolk and Suffolk is probably the work of Richard Cowling Taylor (1789–1851). It was originally published by Laurie & Whittle in 1811 and lat...
Transition Trends Associated with Topic Focus Since 1990: A Literature Review:

A systematic review of transition literature was conducted on 743 articles published in 22 special education journals from 1990 to 2015. Demographic data and topics of transition-related articles w...
Fostering Master's Students' Metacognition and Self-Regulation Practices for Research Writing

Proficiency in writing is crucial for success in graduate school. While doctoral student writing has received attention in the research literature, little research has focused on master's student w...
The social dimensions of water management at Petra, Jordan

The vast majority of scholarship on the water management systems of ancient Petra has focused exclusively on its built elements. While this work has contributed greatly to our understanding of the ...
Inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) potentiates the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice.

Abstract Despite major advances, there remains a need for novel anesthetic drugs or drug combinations with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Here, we show that inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), while not inducing anesthesia by itself, potently enhances the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Treatment with several distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, significantly delayed the time-to-righting after Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, treatment with a PDE3 inhibitor, Cilostamide, or treatment with the potent, but non-brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor YM976, had no effect. These findings suggest that potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis is a class effect of brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitors, and that they act by synergizing with Isoflurane in inhibiting neuronal activity. The PDE4 family comprises four PDE4 subtypes, PDE4A to PDE4D. Genetic deletion of any of the four PDE4 subtypes in mice did not affect Isoflurane anesthesia per se. However, PDE4D knockout mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment with Naloxone or Propranolol alleviated the potentiating effect of PDE4 inhibition, implicating opioid- and β-adrenoceptor signaling in mediating PDE4 inhibitor-induced augmentation of Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, stimulation or blockade of α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic or serotonergic signaling did not affect the potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis by PDE4 inhibition. We further show that pretreatment with a PDE4 inhibitor boosts the delivery of bacteria into the lungs of mice after intranasal infection under Isoflurane, thus providing a first example that PDE4 inhibitor-induced potentiation of Isoflurane anesthesia can critically impact animal models and must be considered as a factor in experimental design. Our findings suggest that PDE4/PDE4D inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis.
Preliminary evaluation of inhibitory activity of medicinal mushroom extracts against pathogenic bacteria and spoilage yeasts

Abstract A bacterial contamination in processed foods has been a continuing challenge for the food industry. Many chemical preservatives are showing signs of inefficiencies as microorganisms build resistance. Therefore, research into novel antimicrobial compounds is critical in improving food safety. The ethanolic extracts of medicinal mushrooms (MM; Agaricus blazei Murrill, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Inonotus obliquus, Lentinula edodes, and Phellinus linteus) were tested for antimicrobial activities against the common foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes) and food spoilage yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Zygosaccharomyces bailii/bisporus). Inhibitory activities were measured using a disk diffusion assay (DD). Additional analysis for L. monocytogenes and Z. bailii were carried out using Optical density measurements (OD). HPLC was used to fractionate MM extracts (6–8 fractions per MM). The results from DD and OD showed that most MMs displayed statistically significant inhibition compared to the ethanol control. Stronger inhibition was observed for yeasts than bacteria. Also, the antimicrobial activities were fraction dependent. Further work is required to identify the bioactive compounds.
A quantitative light-isotope measurement system for climate and energy applications

Abstract We describe the design, operation, and performance of a new instrumental configuration capable of quantitative determinations with sub-picomole accuracy of dilute concentrations of low mass species, such as H e 4 , H e 3 , N e 20 , and A r 40 , in a balance of stable hydrogen (H2, DH, and D2) gas. This inexpensive system may realize important applications in fields ranging from climate studies to hydrogen fusion energy research, thereby providing an expanded availability of this diagnostic within emerging energy systems research and development. These spectra, calibration curves, and determinations were obtained by using a novel method for the purification and subsequent removal of the hydrogen matrix gas, and an extensively modified commercial Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer with an electron impact (EI) ionizer. These high-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometers have routinely achieved a resolution, R = m/Δm better than 10,000 Da at mass-3, with a mass resolution that scales as 1/m. These devices have easily resolved D2 from H e 4 , and DH from H e 3 . The performance of this upgraded instrument has demonstrated the ability to detect impurities from tiny air leaks, such as A r 40 and N e 20 , in the presence of the hydrogen matrix gas. While no concentration measurements of radioactive species have been attempted to date with this system, it is expected to easily resolve DT from D2H (a 0.0059 Da mass difference) and HT from all other mass-4 species.
Fibrinolytic Therapy in Patients with Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Fibrinolytic agents provide an important alternative therapeutic strategy in individuals presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Ultimately, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy for most patients with STEMI, including elderly patients and patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Fibrinolytic therapy should always be considered when timely primary PCI cannot be delivered appropriately. Clinicians should promptly recognize the signs of fibrinolytic therapy failure and consider rescue PCI. When fibrinolytics are used, coronary angiography and revascularization should not be conducted within the initial 3 hours after fibrinolytic administration.
Combining Double Sampling and Bounds to Address Nonignorable Missing Outcomes in Randomized Experiments

Missing outcome data plague many randomized experiments. Common solutions rely on ignorability assumptions that may not be credible in all applications. We propose a method for confronting missing outcome data that makes fairly weak assumptions but can still yield informative bounds on the average treatment effect. Our approach is based on a combination of the double sampling design and nonparametric worst-case bounds. We derive a worst-case bounds estimator under double sampling and provide analytic expressions for variance estimators and confidence intervals. We also propose a method for covariate adjustment using poststratification and a sensitivity analysis for nonignorable missingness. Finally, we illustrate the utility of our approach using Monte Carlo simulations and a placebo-controlled randomized field experiment on the effects of persuasion on social attitudes with survey-based outcome measures.
Improving identification of low abundance and hydrophobic proteins using fluoroalcohol mediated supramolecular biphasic systems with quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract In this study, a newly discovered Supramolecular Biphasic System (S-BPS) was used in bottom-up proteomics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain of yeast. We took advantage of S-BPS in bottom-up proteomics of this strain of yeast as the protein sample, while the results were compared to routinely used solubilizing reagents, such as urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). With the S-BPS, we identified 3043 proteins as compared to 2653 proteins that were identified in the control system. Interestingly, of the additional 390 proteins characterized by the S-BPS, 300 proteins were low abundance (less than 4000 molecules/cell). Remarkably, the identification of proteins at very low abundance (less than 2000 molecule/cell) was improved by 106%. This suggests that the S-BPS is particularly advantageous for detecting low abundance proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to find fractionation pattern of proteins in our two-phase system, and in nearly every gene ontology category, the S-BPS provided greater coverage than the control experiment, i.e., coverage for integral membrane proteins and mitochondrial ribosome proteins are improved by 18% and 58%, respectively. The improvements in proteins coverage for low abundance and membrane proteins can be attributed to the strong solubilizing power of the amphiphile-rich phase of this S-BPS and its capability for concomitant extraction, fractionation, and enrichment of the complex proteomics samples. Each phase has selectivity towards specific yeast protein groups, this selectivity is generally based on pI and hydrophobicity of proteins. Therefore, more hydrophobic proteins and acidic proteins exhibit greater affinities for the amphiphile-rich phase due to the hydrophobic effect and electrostatic interactions.
Haptic Mediators for Remote Interpersonal Communication

The advent of smart and connected societies has led to increased prevalence of remote communication worldwide. However, these traditionally audio-visual communication environments can often lack the same richness of expressive information and feedback present in face-to-face interactions. Haptic mediators have emerged as a novel solution to bridge this gap across multiple dynamics of interpersonal communication. This chapter reviews the state of the art of this steadily emerging field of research under three primary categories of communication: social touch, nonvisual and visual information. The implications of existing solutions and evaluations are provided along with directions for future development.
A polynomial chaos approach for EM uncertainty propagation in 3D-FDTD magnetized cold plasma

The polynomial chaos-based stochastic Galerkin method is implemented in a magnetized plasma finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm to characterize the uncertainty characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation in the ionosphere. This new algorithm efficiently calculates in a single simulation not only the mean electromagnetic field values, but also their standard deviation as caused by the variability or uncertainty of the content of the ionosphere. This approach represents a paradigm shift in our ability to analyze realistic, complex wave propagation in the ionosphere. The algorithm is validated by comparing with Monte Carlo results.
Organizing Competition and Cooperation after American Needle

In American Needle, Inc. v. National Football League, in a unanimous decision by Justice Stevens, the U.S. Supreme Court concluded that the NFL’s licensing activities constituted concerted action subject to Section 1 inquiry under the Sherman Act, even though the actual licensing itself was done via a separate corporate entity. In so deciding, the Court laid to rest the notion that the NFL and similarly-organized sports leagues should be treated as a single entity wholly outside of Section 1. But the Court’s opinion is substantially broader than just the relatively narrow world of sports leagues and will become the starting point for analysis of joint ventures going forward. On the broader issues at stake in American Needle, the Court takes the next step after Copperweld. American Needle is the yin to Copperweld’s yang. Copperweld held that formally separate firms wouldn’t be treated as separate actors for Section 1 purposes if those firms had a unity of interest, as occurred there for a parent and its wholly-owned subsidiary. American Needle says that a formally single entity won’t be treated as such if in reality in represents concerted decisionmaking. Firms can’t use clever entity structuring to shield what would otherwise be concerted activity from Section 1 inquiry.For Section 1 of the Sherman Act, jointness isn’t a sterile, formal inquiry. The question is one of, as Justice Stevens puts it, “competitive reality”. Separate entities might have enough of a unity of interest that they should be treated as one firm for Section 1. That was Copperweld. American Needle considers whether a single entity can be treated as a collective and as capable of joint action notwithstanding its formal status as a freestanding single firm and concludes that it can. Copperweld shrank the operation of Section 1, while American Needle not only doesn’t extend Copperweld to entities like the NFL, but it instead expands the range of Section 1 by picking up joint ventures like NFL Properties.
Algorithms Transformation Techniques for Low-Power Wireless VLSI Systems Design

This paper presents an overview of algorithmtransformation techniques and discusses their role inthe development of hardware-efficient and low-power VLSIalgorithms and architectures for communication systems. Algorithm transformation techniquessuch as retiming, look-ahead and relaxed pipelining,parallel processing, folding, unfolding, and strengthreduction are described. These techniques are applied statically (i.e., during the system designphase) and hence are referred to as static algorithmtransformations (SATs). SAT techniques alter thestructural and functional properties of a givenalgorithm so as to be able to jointly optimizeperformance measures in the algorithmic (signal-to-noiseratio [SNR] and bit error rate [BER]) and VLSI (powerdissipation, area and throughput) domains. Next, a new class of algorithm transformations referred toas dynamic algorithm transformations (DAT) is presented.These transformations exploit the nonstationarity in theinput signal environment to determine and assign minimum computational requirements foran algorithm in real time. Both SAT and DAT techniquesare poised to play a critical role in the development oflow-power wireless VLSI systems given the trend toward increasing digital signal processing inthese systems.
“Sensitization”: Is There a Cure?

In Volume 3(3) of Pain Medicine , Drs. Harbut and Correll present a detailed description of a patient with a nine year history of lower extremity CRPS I, who was successfully treated with sub-anesthetic doses of continuous intravenous ketamine infusion [1]. The patient remains apparently pain free with functional restoration since the time of intervention. This case is striking because of the complete remission of symptoms in an individual who had been seriously disabled by CRPS and had responded only minimally to multiple earlier interventions. Severe ongoing, paroxysmal and/or evoked pain is one of the most disabling symptoms of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Type I (CRPS I) also known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD). The complexity of presenting symptoms has resulted in difficulty establishing appropriate standardized, reliable diagnostic criteria, which could then potentially decrease inter-rater variability, leading to homogeneity in sample populations for study. Routine use of such criteria would constitute an important methodological advance in promoting studies to better analyze the underlying pathomechanism of the disease as well as the effectiveness of various treatment protocols. The complexity of CRPS I results from one or a combination of factors, which are described below: 1. The discrepancy between the type, magnitude and, at times, location of the inciting event to the extent and distribution of the CRPS findings. Essentially any injury, even as trivial as a transcutaneous angiocatheter placement, can potentially result in severe CRPS symptom expression involving much of the affected extremity. CRPS contradicts the common human perception that type, extent and location of an injury is directly related to the ensuing damage including the “site & size” of subjective complaints and clinical findings; this is a common misperception with major psychosocial and medical consequences. 2. Co-expression of multiple symptom categories [2-4]; i.e., simultaneous presence of autonomic, sensory, motor, dystrophic …
His64(E7)→Tyr apomyoglobin as a reagent for measuring rates of hemin dissociation

To develop an assay for hemin dissociation, His64(E7) was replaced by Tyr in sperm whale myoglobin producing a holoprotein with a distinct green color due to an intense absorption band at 600 nm. Val68(E11) was replaced by Phe in the same protein to increase its stability. When excess Tyr64-Val68 apoglobin is mixed with either metmyoglobin or methemoglobin, the solution turns from brown to green, and the absorbance changes can be used to measure complete time courses for hemin dissociation from either holoprotein. This assay has been used to measure rates of hemin dissociation from native metmyoglobin, four myoglobin mutants (Ala64(E7), Ala68(E11), Phe68(E11), and Glu45(CD3)), native methemoglobin, valence hybrid hemoglobins, and two mutant hemoglobins ((alpha(Gly-E7)beta(native))2, and (alpha(native)beta(Gly-E7))2). Two kinetic phases were observed for hemin dissociation from native human hemoglobin at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. Valence and mutant hybrid hemoglobins were used to assign the faster phase (k = 7.8 +/- 2.0 h-1) to hemin dissociation from ferric beta subunits and the slower (k = 0.6 +/- 0.15 h-1) to dissociation from alpha subunits. The corresponding rate for wild-type metmyoglobin is 0.007 +/- 0.004 h-1.
Effect of small changes in Mn concentration on phase transition temperatures and magnetic entropy variations in Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga Heusler alloys

Abstract The influence of small deviations of Mn from stoichiometric composition on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Ni2Mn0.75(1−x)Cu0.25Ga Heusler alloys has been studied using X-ray diffraction, thermal expansion, and magnetization measurements. The samples were found to be of mixed phases containing cubic (austenitic) and tetragonal (martensitic) structures at room temperature. The temperatures of the martensitic transformations and ferromagnetic ordering of the austenitic phase coincide at T = TMS for all the samples, and vary from 310 to 333 K as the Mn deficiency (x) changes from 0 to 0.06. The magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) in the vicinity of TMS remains nearly constant for the entire Mn concentration interval with a value of about −45 J kg−1 K−1 for a magnetic field change of 5 T. The refrigeration capacity was found to change from 69 J kg−1 (for x = 0) to 88 J kg−1 (for x = 0.01) to 40 J kg−1 (for x = 0.06).
Optimal design of rotating disk for given radial displacement of edge

Minimum-weight design of axially-symmetric, rotating, elastic disks is usually discussed in terms of uniform strength. In this paper, an alternative constraint is used: under the combined influence of centrifugal forces and a uniform radial traction along the circular edge, the radial displacement at this edge is to have a prescribed value. A necessary and sufficient optimality condition is derived, and its use in the determination of optimal disk profiles is illustrated by examples. It is shown that the resulting disks are far from satisfying the condition of uniform strength although their weights are only very slightly smaller than those of the corresponding disks of uniform strength.
Guest Editorial Feedback In Optics

The use of feedback in optics has many varied facets. Applications range from the solution of partial differential equations to those of binary logic elements. The papers in this issue present a representative coverage of the topic.
The Vascularized Fibular Graft in Precollapse Osteonecrosis: Is Long-term Hip Preservation Possible?

Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating condition affecting primarily young patients. Free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) may provide a durable means to preserve the femoral head. When used in the precollapse stages of ONFH, this treatment may alter the course of disease.
Diagnostic accuracy of paediatric echocardiograms interpreted by individuals other than paediatric cardiologists.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic error rate among echocardiograms undertaken by individuals other than paediatric cardiologists in our referral area. Methodology: External group: The charts and echocardiographic results of all patients who had undergone outside echocardiograms between January 1996 and December 1999 were reviewed (110). Age at echocardiography, diagnostic complexity, presence of any diagnostic errors and the severity of any diagnostic errors were identified. Internal group: To assess our own error rate, the initial echocardiographic diagnoses of 100 patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation or corrective surgery were compared with the post-catheterisation or postoperative diagnoses. Age and diagnostic complexity were also assessed in the control group. Results: Diagnostic errors occurred in 47/110 patients (44%) of the externally studied group (of which 24% were either major or life threatening) as opposed to 3/100 of the internally studied group, despite the internally studied group being of increased diagnostic complexity. Errors were more common and of increased severity in infants less than 1 month of age but extended throughout all age groups. Major and life threatening errors increased with increasing diagnostic complexity. In the externally studied group, 8/47 errors were patients inappropriately designated as normal. Four of these patients required cardiac surgery or interventional cardiac catheterisation. Conclusions: This study suggests an unacceptably high error rate in paediatric echocardiographic diagnoses by non-paediatric cardiologists throughout all age groups. Such errors are more likely in younger infants and with increasing diagnostic complexity.