cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Slip-accommodated superplastic flow in Zn-22 wt%Al

Experiments were conducted on the Zn-22 wt% Al eutectoid that contained nanometre-scale dispersion particles. These particles were introduced in the matrix of the alloy via powder metallurgy followed by cryomilling. Transmission electron microscopy observations made on specimens crept at a strain rate near the centre of the superplastic region (the intermediate-stress region or region II in the sigmoidal relationship between stress and strain rate) reveal clear evidence for lattice dislocation activities during superplastic flow. Such evidence is demonstrated in part by the presence of attractive particle-dislocation interactions that are only noted in some of the grains. It is suggested that each one of these grains serves as an obstacle for a group of grains sliding together as a unit. In addition, the configurations of the lattice dislocations in the interiors of the blocking grains are suggestive of viscous glide and single slip in the blocking grain. Combining the present findings with earlier observ...
Phone duration modeling for LVCSR

Modeling phone durations in a word-specific fashion has previously been shown to lead to improvements in LVCSR recognition performance. We report results on the Switchboard database which confirm that at least small improvements (around 0.2-0.3% absolute) can be obtained. The duration probabilities are applied to time-marked recognition lattices. Features of the system include a novel data-driven method for smoothing discrete distributions, and a form of discrete distribution which allows phone and word lengths to be modeled simultaneously within a consistent probabilistic framework.
Detection of the Short‐Lived Radical Cation Intermediate in the Electrooxidation of N,N‐Dimethylaniline by Mass Spectrometry

The N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) radical cation DMA(.+) , a long-sought transient intermediate, was detected by mass spectrometry (MS) during the electrochemical oxidation of DMA. This was accomplished by coupling desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS with a waterwheel working electrode setup to sample the surface of the working electrode during electrochemical analysis. This study clearly shows that DESI-based electrochemical MS is capable of capturing electrochemically generated intermediates with half-lives on the order of microseconds, which is 4-5 orders of magnitude faster than previously reported electrochemical mass spectrometry techniques.
Conjunctival xanthoma in a blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna)

A 17-year-old female blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) presented for evaluation of a discreet, conjunctival mass of the OD. No other abnormalities were found on ophthalmic or physical examination. A heterophilic leukocytosis was present on the complete blood count, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity, creatinine kinase activity and cholesterol were present on the plasma biochemistry panel. Surgical removal of the mass was complete and no recurrence has occurred by six months after excision. Reduction of dietary fats was recommended to reduce serum cholesterol levels and reduce the likelihood of future occurrence of xanthomas in this bird.
Profound Loss of Layer II Entorhinal Cortex Neurons Occurs in Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

The entorhinal cortex (EC) plays a crucial role as a gateway connecting the neocortex and the hippocampal formation. Layer II of the EC gives rise to the perforant pathway, the major source of the excitatory input to the hippocampus, and layer IV receives a major hippocampal efferent projection. The EC is affected severely in Alzheimer disease (AD), likely contributing to memory impairment. We applied stereological principles of neuron counting to determine whether neuronal loss occurs in the EC in the very early stages of AD. We studied 20 individuals who at death had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0 (cognitively normal), 0.5 (very mild), 1 (mild), or 3 (severe cognitive impairment). Lamina-specific neuronal counts were carried out on sections representing the entire EC. In the cognitively normal (CDR = 0) individuals, there were ∼650,000 neurons in layer II, 1 million neurons in layer IV, and 7 million neurons in the entire EC. The number of neurons remained constant between 60 and 90 years of age. The group with the mildest clinically detectable dementia (CDR = 0.5), all of whom had sufficient neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD, had 32% fewer EC neurons than controls. Decreases in individual lamina were even more dramatic, with the number of neurons in layer II decreasing by 60% and in layer IV by 40% compared with controls. In the severe dementia cases (CDR = 3), the number of neurons in layer II decreased by ∼90%, and the number of neurons in layer IV decreased by ∼70% compared with controls. Neuronal number in AD was inversely proportional to NFT formation and neuritic plaques, but was not related significantly to diffuse plaques or to total plaques. These results support the conclusion that a marked decrement of layer II neurons distinguishes even very mild AD from nondemented aging.
Computed tomography-based morphometric analysis of the human occipital condyle for occipital condyle-cervical fusion

Object Occipital condyle screws serve as an alternative fixation point in occipital-cervical fusion. Their placement requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the occipital condyles and associated structures. This study is a CT-based morphometric analysis of occipital condyles as related to occipital condyle–cervical fusion. Methods A total of 170 patients were examined with CT scans of the craniocervical junction at a single institution, for a total of 340 occipital condyles, between March 6, 2006, and July 30, 2006. All CT scans were negative for traumatic, degenerative, and neoplastic pathological entities. Condylar anteroposterior (AP) length, transverse width, height, projected screw angle, and projected screw lengths were measured on an EBW Portal 2.5 CT Viewer Workstation (Philips Electronics). The longest axis in the AP orientation of the occipital condyle was accepted as the length. The transverse width was a line perpendicular to the midpoint of the long axis. The height was measured i...
What Is Economic History

Sixteen years ago, in happier times, Europe seemed about to become again what she had been to our American parents of the Victorian Age—a rich expanse of industrious and (according to the standards then prevalent) comfortable daily life, ornamented everywhere by monuments emanating from generations of culture, blessed by opportunities for quiet leisure, for travel at what was once considered a rapid pace, and for serious discussions of philosophy and art, such as provided Henry James and Henry Adams with the indispensable nourishment they missed at home. Sixteen years ago, for several weeks on end, I shared to my advantage a table in a modest Basque inn on the French side of the Pyrenees with a distinguished economic historian. In addition to our wives, we had as our companion an elderly professor from a lycee in Bayonne, named Georges Herelle. We were told that the old gentleman was the greatest authority in France, if not in the world, on the Basque language. He was also the French translator of two writers then prominent, the Spaniard, Blasco Ibanez, who rose to fame in the United States with Rudolph Valentino riding simultaneously all his “four horsemen,” and the Italian poet, Gabriele d'Annunzio, whose name was known round the world in those prehistoric times before any one had heard of “Mussolini,” let alone of “Hitler.”
Modeling agent determination of spatial relationships

There is an ongoing desire to make virtual humans a more accessible tool for use in entertainment, training, and evaluations. From the graphical level to the animation level to the intelligence level, complexities abound. As research progresses some of these complexities become hidden from the end user. Ultimately, we would like to treat agents as real humans and instruct them as you might another person. Here we present a framework, inspired by natural language constructs, that aims to obfuscate the complexities and allow users to control virtual humans through structured English input. Our focus is on object and environment interactions, particularly spatial relationships.
Pediatric otolaryngology for the clinician

Pediatric otolaryngology for the clinician / , Pediatric otolaryngology for the clinician / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Association of health-related behaviors, attitudes, and appraisals to leisure-time physical activity in middle-aged and older women

ABSTRACTPhysical activity carries immediate and long-term benefits for middle-aged and older women; however, physical activity decreases in adulthood and aging in women. In this study, the authors investigate the relation of health behaviors, health attitudes, and health appraisals to leisure-time physical activity among middle-aged and older women in a cross-sectional analysis of the second wave of the Study of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS2) conducted during the period from 2004 to 2006. The sample consisted of 829 women, ranging in age from 40 to 75 years of age (Mean = 56 years). In multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic factors and functional restrictions, most of the psychosocial variables examined showed unique associations with physical activity, including health behaviors of having a routine checkup and not smoking, health attitudes involving commitment to health and valuing physical fitness and strength, and the health appraisal that one’s heal...
Magnesium: Deficiencies And Therapeutic Uses

Hypomagnesemia, which may be difficult to diagnose, can complicate diabetes mellitus or a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In some patients, an infused multielectrolyte preparation is often the best solution.
Notes on the Black Chachalaca (Penelopina nigra)

THROUGH its range from eastern Oaxaca to Nicaragua the Black Chachalaca still is a common bird in many places despite depletion or, locally, its complete elimination by hunting and deforestation. Altitudinally it has a broad range, having been recorded from as low as 450 meters elevation in Oaxaca (D. F. Hoffmeister, Auk, 68: 508, 1951) to as high as 2,925 meters in Guatemala (D. H. Baepler, Condor, 64: 143, 1962), where it probably ascends above this level on a few of the loftiest mountains. This chachalaca's normal lower altitudinal limit in Mexico
Microencapsulation of advanced solvents for carbon capture

Purpose-designed, water-lean solvents have been developed to improve the energy efficiency of CO2 capture from power plants, including CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2BOLs) and ionic liquids (ILs). Many of these solvents are highly viscous or change phases, posing challenges for conventional process equipment. Such problems can be overcome by encapsulation. Micro-Encapsulated CO2 Sorbents (MECS) consist of a CO2-absorbing solvent or slurry encased in spherical, CO2-permeable polymer shells. The resulting capsules have diameters in the range of 100-600 μm, greatly increasing the surface area and CO2 absorption rate of the encapsulated solvent. Encapsulating these new solvents requires careful selection of shell materials and fabrication techniques. We find several common classes of polymers are not compatible with MECS production, but we develop two custom formulations, a silicone and an acrylate, that show promise for encapsulating water-lean solvents. We make the first demonstration of an encapsulated IL for CO2 capture. The rate of CO2 absorption is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 compared to a liquid film, a value that can be improved by further development of shell materials and fabrication techniques.
β-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity in human placenta

Summary It has been shown that mitochondria isolated from human placenta contain β -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity. The properties of the β -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from human early placenta are very similar to those of the enzyme isolated from other mammalian tissues.
The Use of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Infective Endocarditis

In this chapter we will discuss the imaging considerations in patients with suspected and documented IE, implications on the use of echocardiography, the role of echocardiography in understanding prognosis, how echocardiography can be used to assist in therapeutic decision making, and musings on the future of imaging for diseases such as endocarditis.
Fibers and fibrous products

In this chapter, we define some important terms and parameters that are commonly used with fibers and fibrous products, such as yarns, fabrics, etc., and then go on to describe some general features of fibers and some important products thereof. These definitions, parameters, and features serve to characterize a variety of fibers and products made therefrom. Thus, we exclude items such as fiber reinforced composites wherein fibers are added to a matrix. It is worth emphasizing that these definitions and features are generally independent of fiber type, i.e. polymeric, metallic, glass or ceramic fibers. They depend on the geometry rather than any material characteristics. Fiber is the fundamental unit in making textile yarns and fabrics. Fibers can be naturally occurring or synthetic, i.e. manmade. There are many natural fibers, mostly organic but also some inorganic. Examples of natural organic fibers include cotton, jute, sisal, silk, wool, etc. while inorganic fibers occurring in nature include asbestos, wollastonite, and basalt. There is a much larger variety of synthetic fibers available commercially. Polymer fibers such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), aramid, etc. are well established, commercially available, synthetic fibers. Metallic wires or filaments have been available for a long time. Examples include steel, aluminum, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, silver, etc. Among ceramic and glass fibers, glass fiber for polymer reinforcement became available early in the twentieth century; optical glass fiber for telecommunication purposes made its debut in the 1950s, while ceramic fibers such as carbon, silicon carbide, alumina, etc. became available from the 1960s onward. We shall describe these fibers separately, in detail, later in this book. One can transform practically any material, polymer, metal, or ceramic, into a fibrous form. As we pointed out in Chapter 1, historically and traditionally, fibers formed part of the textile industry domain for uses such as clothing, upholstery and draperies, sacks, ropes, cords, sails, and containers, etc. Gradually, their use entered the realm of more engineered items such as conveyor belts, drive belts, geotextiles, etc. With the advent of high modulus fibers, the use of fibers has extended to highly engineered materials such as composites. Understandably, therefore, some of the terms commonly used with fibers have their origin in terminology derived from the textile industry. We examine some of this terminology next.
A Compressive Privacy approach to Generalized Information Bottleneck and Privacy Funnel problems

Abstract This paper explores a Compressive Privacy (CP) methodology for optimal tradeoff between utility gain and privacy loss. CP represents a dimension-reduced subspace design of optimally desensitized query that may be safely shared with the public. Built upon the information and estimation theory, this paper proposes a “differential mutual information” (DMI) criterion to safeguard the privacy protection (PP). Algorithmically, DMI-optimal solutions can be derived via the Discriminant Component Analysis (DCA). Moreover, DCA has two machine learning variants (one in the original space and another is the kernel space) good for supervised learning applications. By extending the notion of DMI to the utility gain and privacy loss, CP unifies the conventional Information Bottleneck (IB) and Privacy Funnel (PF) and lead to two constrained optimizers, named Generalized Information Bottleneck (GIB) and Generalized Privacy Funnel (GPF). In the supervised learning environments, DCA can be further extended to a DUCA machine learning variant to reach an optimal tradeoff between utility gain and privacy loss. Finally, for fast convergence, a golden-section iterative method is developed particularly for solving the two constrained optimization problems: GIB and GPF.
Profile of Two Second Chance Act Offender Treatment Initiatives: A Research Note

Federal funding efforts have increased the number of reentry programs over the past decade with corresponding evaluations of these initiatives. Reentry programming targets a wide range of offenders though most have focused on medium and high-risk individuals with substance abuse and/or mental health disorders. This research note provides a profile overview of two programs in central Ohio funded by the Second Chance Act and offers a summary of process and outcome evaluation findings from both initiatives. Results from a mixed methods research design suggested that the programs were largely successful in terms of reducing recidivism among participants, though issues related to programmatic fidelity were also identified. While these programs pre-date more current offender intervention efforts, such as the Justice Mental Health Collaboration Program, identified barriers to program success reaffirm the saliency of longstanding problems embedded in and challenged by correctional and police culture.
Cancer-specific virotherapy for bronchioloalveolar cancer

3298 Background: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. BAC is an ideal target for gene therapy because of its inability to invade or metastasize and because of its easy accessibility through intratracheal administration of virus. Nevertheless, so far, no virus is available that is specific to BAC. The long-term goal of this project is to develop replicative adenovirus-based virotherapy specific for BAC. Hypothesis: Adenoviral replication and cell eradication can be restricted to certain cells by controlling the expression of the adenoviral early genes with cell-specific promoters. Experimental design: We will restrict adenoviral early genes E1a, E1b and E4 with specific promoters which are actively transcribed in BAC cells. Results: The surfactant protein A (SPA) promoter has much higher activity in BAC cell lines than other non-BAC cell lines. The human telomerase catalytic gene hTERT promoter has high activity in cancer cell lines. The SPA and hTERT promoters can control the expression of viral early genes E1A, E1B and E4, and a green fluorescence protein gene (GFP) in the cells where these two promoters are actively transcribed. The BAC-restricted replicative adenovirus (BRRA) controlled by SPA and hTERT promoters can infect, replicate and lyse BAC cells. In vivo study with an orthotopic BAC mouse model has been planned. Conclusion: Cancer-specific promoters can control adenoviral early gene expression and restrict the cell lysis effects of the cancer-specific adenovirus.
The functioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field: linkages in space and time

Individual trees, either of the same or different species, can be linked spatially and temporally by the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that allow carbon and nutrients to pass among them and promote forest establishment following disturbance. Spatial and temporal linkages between plants influence the function of ECM fungi in the field. Studies indicate that ECM linkages can reduce plant competition for resources, promote forest recovery, and influence the pattern of plant succession. The degree of influence depends on many factors, including the composition and arrangement of the vegetative community and soil and climatic conditions. Management practices that create intense disturbance and loss of organic matter or promote the introduction of non-ectomycorrhizal host species can decrease the ability of plants to form linkages with ECM fungi. Management practices that retain living trees and shrubs and input of organic matter provide the energy source and substrate necessary for ECM linkages. More research is needed to determine the degree to which ECM fungal linkages occur in the field and their role in ecosystem function and long-term health.
Surgical Management of Chyloptysis

Chyloptysis is a rare clinical presentation. Diagnosis is challenging and requires recognition of milky-sputum or bronchial casts. We describe a case of chyloptysis secondary to thoracic lymphangiectasia that necessitated surgical ligation of the main thoracic duct and accessory branches. The patient had no postoperative complications, and at 6-month follow-up remained symptom-free. A paucity of literature describes the management of chyloptysis. We review diagnosis, treatment considerations and operative principles.
PK/PD modeling of biomarker (p-ERK) response and tumor growth to PD 0325901 in a human tumor xenograft mouse model

5409 PD0325901 is a potent, specific, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of MEK (MAP [mitogen-activated protein] Kinase/ERK Kinase). Inhibition of MEK blocks MEK-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (MAPK), resulting in inhibition of tumor growth. Experiments were conducted with PD 0325901 in SCID mice implanted with BxPC3, HT29, MiaPaCa2 and Colo205 tumor xenografts to evaluate PK/PD and efficacy relationships. Mice were treated with PD 0325901 for 14 days at doses selected to encompass ED50’s for each tumor type. A subset of mice were sacrificed following 5-days of treatment with PD 0325901 at 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-dose to determine plasma PD 0325901 concentrations and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK) in tumor for PK/PD evaluation. Tumor mass was evaluated during and following drug administration until tumor mass had reached 750 mg in each mouse. The response of tumor concentration of p-ERK to plasma PD 0325901 concentration was modeled using an inhibitory sigmoid Emax, indirect response PK/PD model. Tumor Growth was modeled using an exponential growth model (including inhibitory Emax reduction of the growth rate constant by tumor mass, and drug concentration). In addition it was necessary to include an effect site compartment in the model to account for lags between changes in drug concentration and growth rate constant. Plasma PD 0325901 concentrations were adequately described by a one compartment linear pharmacokinetic model. Across all tumor types and pharmacodynamic responses evaluated, plasma concentrations of 100 ng/mL demonstrate significant (i.e. at or above IC50 values) activity. Inhibition of p-ERK was rapidly reversible as plasma PD 0325901 concentrations declined. Simulation of human p-ERK response, using predicted human PK parameters indicated that twice daily dosing may be required to maintain near maximal suppression of p-ERK throughout the dosing interval in patients. For three tumor types suppression of tumor growth lagged significantly behind changes in plasma PD 0325901 concentrations, but for the HT-29 tumor, suppression of tumor growth rate appears to be rapidly reversible. Thus, for optimal suppression of p-ERK and tumor growth in this more resistant tumor, twice daily dosing may enhance therapeutic effectiveness.
Enlarging the Conceptualization of Mixed Method Approaches to Grounded Theory With Intervention Research

The potential for mixed method approaches to offer a creative way to generate theory about human behavior in a complex social world has been observed but rarely executed in a way that is reflexive ...
On the existence of sonority-driven stress in Gujarati

This paper presents evidence against the existence of sonority-driven stress in Gujarati. Gujarati is one of the clearest and most revealing cases of sonority-driven stress with distinctions among peripheral vowels. A production experiment was performed to determine the accuracy of the claim that [a] attracts stress away from the default position. Of the five types of phonetic evidence examined, only F1 provides clear evidence for stress, revealing stress to be consistently penultimate, and not sonority-driven. As Gujarati is one of the core cases of sonority-driven stress, this finding challenges the claim that it exists. However, this paper does not exclude the possibility that stress may avoid schwa (or central vowels), as reported for several languages. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed, particularly for theories that have a ‘symmetric effect’ and for descriptions that are impressionistic.
Comparative influence of steroid hormones and immunosuppressive agents on autoimmune expression in lacrimal glands of a female mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.

Purpose Previous research has demonstrated that testosterone therapy causes a profound suppression of autoimmune disease in lacrimal glands of female mouse models of Sjogren's syndrome. The aim of the present study was to determine whether other anabolic androgens, nonandrogenic steroids, or immunosuppressive agents might duplicate this hormonal effect. For comparative purposes, we also evaluated the influence of these various pharmacologic compounds on the tear volume, the magnitude of lymphocyte infiltration in the submandibular gland, and the extent of mucosal and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Methods Female MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice were administered vehicle, steroids, or immunosuppressive compounds for 21 days after the onset of disease. Lacrimal glands and tears, as well as submandibular glands, spleens, and superior cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected immediately before or after treatment and then processed for analysis. Results Our results showed that: (1) the immunosuppressive impact of testosterone on lymphocyte infiltration in lacrimal tissue was reproduced by the administration of 19-nortestosterone or cyclophosphamide, but not by therapy with 17 beta-estradiol, danazol, the experimental steroid Org 4094, cyclosporine A or dexamethasone; (2) treatment with testosterone, 19-nortestosterone, cyclophosphamide, or dexamethasone significantly reduced the extent of inflammation in salivary glands; (3) exposure to cyclophosphamide markedly diminished the size of lymphatic and splenic tissues, whereas glucocorticoid treatment only decreased the weight of superior cervical lymph nodes; and (4) administration of 17 beta-estradiol, Org 4094, or dexamethasone led to a significant decrease in tear volume. Conclusions Overall, these results demonstrate that androgen or cyclophosphamide therapy may successfully ameliorate autoimmune expression in lacrimal and salivary glands of a female mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome.
Acquisition of concurrent conditional discriminations in rats with ibotenate lesions of hippocampus and of subiculum

Cells in the hippocampus and subiculum of rats were removed with injections of ibotenic acid, and the animals were subsequently trained on two concurrent Pavlovian conditional discriminations. In both discriminations, a stimulus (i.e., a facilitator) signaled the reinforcement of another stimulus (i.e., a target), but the discriminations differed in that one involved an increased memory load for its solution. Both the animals without a hippocampus and those with extensive damage to the subiculum learned the conditional discriminations at the same rate as did controls. Data obtained from transfer and probe trials indicated that discrimination performance was not due to either direct association of reinforcement with unique configural cues or the formation of direct associations between facilitators and reinforcement. The failure to find that removing the hippocampus affects either original learning (present results) or performance of complex Pavlovian conditional discriminations learned before the structure is removed (Davidson & Jarrard, 1989) seem to indicate that the hippocampus is not involved in acquisition, retention, or performance of complex conditional discriminations.
Change in the Decision Sciences

A common type of change in science occurs as theorists generalize a model of a phenomenon by removing some idealizations of the model. This type of change occurs in the decision sciences and also in the normative branch of the decision sciences that treats rational choice. After presenting a general account of model generalization, the paper illustrates generalization of models in normative decision theory. The principal illustration generalizes a standard model of rational choice by removing the idealization that deliberation has no cost.
Association of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Dementia in Men With Prostate Cancer Who Receive Definitive Radiation Therapy.

This cohort study examines the association of androgen deprivation therapy with dementia in male veterans with prostate cancer who receive definitive radiotherapy.
Reuse of catheters and devices labelled for single use: evidence, recommendations and oversight.

Cardiovascular disease has become the most common cause of death and morbidity throughout the world, not just the affluent societies. In 2015, there were 422 million prevalent cases of cardiovascular disease worldwide, and it accounted for an estimated 30% of deaths.1 2As most people live in low-income and middle-income countries, the burden of cardiovascular disease is the greatest in resource-poor countries. The cardiovascular epidemic has a direct impact on the health of the patients and also on the welfare of the economies in which those patients live and work. Poverty can be both a contributing cause and a consequence of cardiovascular disease. It is in the context of oppressive burden of healthcare spending that the discussion about reusing catheters and devices should be considered. ### Historical context In the mid-20th century, most medical devices were made of metal, glass or rubber and were generally reusable. Technological developments in the 1960s and 1970s brought out a wave of new polymers, which could be harnessed and which would eventually transition a multiuse medical industry into a single-use paradigm. Many open surgical procedures were gradually replaced by laparoscopic or endovascular procedures. In the 1980s and 1990s, new concerns regarding transmission of bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B and C, and HIV coincided with the explosive development of new technologies. Advances in manufacturing techniques, and expectation of improved product performance and predictability deepened interest in single-use devices (SUDs). The confluence of all these factors led to the evolution and dramatic expansion of the SUD concept. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) began to submit applications to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asking for approval of their products as SUDs. In some instances, the manufacturers changed the labelling from multiuse to single use only without making significant structural changes to the devices.3 The designation …
Epidemic Spreading in Temporal and Adaptive Networks with Static Backbone

Activity-driven networks (ADNs) are a powerful paradigm to study epidemic spreading in temporal networks, where the dynamics of the disease and the evolution of the links share a common time-scale. One of the key assumptions of ADNs is the lack of preferential connections among individuals. This assumption hinders the application of ADNs to several realistic scenarios where some contacts persist in time, rather than intermittently activate. Here, we examine an improved modeling framework that superimposes an ADN to a static backbone network, toward the integration of persistent contacts with time-varying connections. To demonstrate the interplay between the ADN and the static backbone, we investigate the effect of behavioral changes on the disease dynamics. In this framework, each individual may adapt his/her activity as a function of the health status, thereby adjusting the relative weight of time-varying versus static links. To illustrate the approach, we consider two classes of backbone networks, Erdős-Renyi and random regular, and two disease models, SIS and SIR. A general mean-field theory is established for predicting the epidemic threshold, and numerical simulations are conducted to shed light on the role of network parameters on the epidemic spreading and estimate the epidemic size.
Sex-Disaggregated Employment and Public Spending in China

This paper econometrically analyses the relationship between public spending and women’s and men’s urban employment in China for the period 1999–2009. Theoretically, spending on healthcare and education could increase employment growth and women’s relative employment via the expansion of paid care work (increasing labour demand) and reductions in unpaid labour (increasing labour supply). To empirically test this, female, male, and relative employment growth are estimated as functions of public spending while both demand-side and supply-side factors are controlled for. Economic growth is also included in a simultaneous equation estimation. While healthcare results are mixed, education spending is positively associated with economic growth, employment growth for both women and men, and women’s relative urban employment. Using economic significance calculations, I describe how well-directed public policies can promote both economic growth and long- and short-run benefits in employment equality between the sexes.
Study of duo functional behaviour of 1,2-bis (4-bromobenzamide) benzene by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy

This study presents the dual functionality of 1,2-bis(4-bromobenzamide)benzene, where depending on the stoichiometric conditions, temperature and reaction time, the compound may act as a PdCl2 ligand or as one of the reactants of the Suzuki coupling reaction. This dual functional behaviour was confirmed in the catalytic reactions which were monitored using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the results, the reaction is a versatile system, since the bisamide can act at different stages of the coupling mechanism, and supports the principle of green chemistry as mild reaction conditions and non-toxic solvents were used.
Abstract TP307: Anxiety, Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are Associated With Worse Outcomes After Stroke: Preliminary Results

Introduction: The impact of anxiety, depression, and PTSD on outcome after stroke is incompletely understood. We aim to evaluate the prevalence of these disorders after stroke and evaluate associat...
Patient compliance with enteric-coated weekly fluoxetine during continuation treatment of major depressive disorder.

This article reviews evidence for the utility of antidepressant medications in the treatment of social phobia. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were the first antidepressants shown to be effective for social phobia, but dietary restrictions and a relatively high rate of adverse effects often relegate MAOIs to use after other treatments have been found ineffective. Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RIMAs) hold promise as safer alternatives to MAOIs, but RIMAs may be less effective and are currently unavailable in the United States. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), of which paroxetine has been the best studied in social phobia to date, have recently emerged as a first-line treatment for the generalized subtype of social phobia. The SSRIs are well tolerated and consistently have been shown to be efficacious in controlled trials.
Light-Intensity Physical Activity in a Large Prospective Cohort of Older US Adults: A 21-Year Follow-Up of Mortality.

Background: Studies show that regular moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and premature death, but few studies have examined associations of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and mortality, especially among older adults. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of LPA with the risks of death from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases among older adults in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Methods: Analyses included 123,232 participants in CPS-II NC, among whom 46,829 died during follow-up (1993–2014). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for self-reported leisure time LPA associated with mortality. Results: Engaging in little or no LPA (<3 metabolic equivalent [MET]-h/week) was associated with a 16% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12–1.20) compared to engaging in some LPA (3 to <9 MET-h/week) after adjusting for moderate to vigorous physical activity. However, there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship. A statistically significant interaction with age suggested that more LPA was associated with a lower risk of respiratory disease mortality only among participants aged ≥70 years (21+ vs. 3 to <9 MET-h/week, HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.91; pint = 0.003). Conclusions: In this prospective study of older adults, accumulating little/no leisure time LPA was associated with a higher risk of mortality. It is of substantial public health value to demonstrate the potential benefits of engaging in any activity, even if light in intensity, among older adults given the aging US population.
Impact of suprarenal neck angulation on endovascular aneurysm repair outcomes

Abstract Background Hostile infrarenal proximal neck (β) anatomy of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been associated with increased risk of aneurysm-related complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, there is a paucity of literature addressing the suprarenal angle (α). The aim of this study was to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes after EVAR in patients with severe suprarenal neck angulation (α >60 degrees). Methods A retrospective review of the medical records of 561 patients who underwent EVAR between January 2005 and December 2017 was performed. The main exclusion criteria were preoperative aneurysm rupture and fenestrated or branched endograft placement. High-resolution computed tomography images of 452 patients were available. Patients were grouped into angulated (α >60 degrees) and nonangulated (α ≤60 degrees) groups. The primary end point was freedom from type IA endoleak. Secondary end points included 30-day mortality, long-term survival, primary clinical success, and freedom from aneurysm rupture and graft migration. Primary clinical success was defined according to Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines as clinical success without the need for an additional or secondary surgical or endovascular procedure. Results Of 452 patients, 45 (10%) were included in the angulated group (α >60 degrees). Median follow-up time was 34 months (interquartile range, 14-56 months). Compared with patients in the nonangulated group, those in the angulated group had larger neck diameter at the level of the renal arteries (mean [standard deviation], 25.6 [3.8] mm vs 24.6 [3.4] mm; P = .06) and increased β angle (mean [standard deviation], 50.5 [22.9] degrees vs 41.6 [23.9] degrees; P = .01). The 3-year freedom from type IA endoleak estimate was 80.2% for the angulated group compared with 97.8% for the nonangulated group (P Conclusions This is the first report to show a significant increase in operative mortality in patients undergoing EVAR with severely angulated suprarenal neck. Patients who survive the operation are at increased risk of secondary interventions. These findings suggest that EVAR should be used with caution in patients with severe α angulation and underpin the role of close follow-up in this particular population.
Reply to Taylor et al.: Acknowledging the multidimensionality of autism when predicting social psychological skill.

We agree with Taylor et al. (1) that there is value in examining the link between autism and social psychological skill (SPS) in terms of the subdimensions of autism. However, we note that even if autism has a multidimensional structure, the overall relationship we observed between autism and SPS remains valid (2). That is, the multidimensionality of a construct does not negate overall links between that construct and other variables, though such multidimensionality may help inform and provide additional insight into these links (3). Although we agree that examining the subdimensions of autism can help shed additional light on our findings, in contrast … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: anton.gollwitzer{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Learning-Based CPU Power Modeling

With the end of Dennard scaling, energy efficiency has become an important metric driving future processor architectures, particularly in the fields of mobile and embedded devices. To support rapid, power-aware micro-architectural design space exploration, it is important to accurately quantify the power consumption of the processors early in the design flow and at a high level of abstraction. Existing CPU power models rely on either generic analytical power models or simple regression-based techniques that suffer from large inaccuracies. More recently, machine learning techniques have been proposed to build accurate power models. However, existing approaches still require slow RTL simulations or have only been demonstrated for fixed-function accelerators at higher levels.In this work, we present a machine learning-based approach for power modeling of programmable CPUs at the micro-architecture level. Our models provide cycle-accurate and hierarchical power estimates down to sub-block granularity. Using only high-level information that can be obtained from micro-architecture simulations, we extract representative features and develop low-complexity learning formulations that require a small number of gate-level simulations for training. Results show that our hierarchically composed model predicts cycle-by-cycle power consumption of RISC-V processor core within 2.2% of a gate-level power estimation on average.
Enhanced ORR Kinetics on Au-Doped Pt–Cu Porous Films in Alkaline Media

Fraction-controlled Pt–Cu-based porous films were prepared using an electrochemical deposition–stripping synthetic approach, and their structure, composition, and electronic structure were characte...
Queer Political Representation: A Phenomenological Approach

This paper presents queer phenomenology as a way to study political representation of LGTBQ populations.
FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH AND POLYSACCHARIDE FORMATION BY STRAINS OF CHROMOBACTERIUM VIOLACEUM.

Corpe, William A. (Columbia University, New York, N.Y.). Factors influencing growth and polysaccharide formation by strains of Chromobacterium violaceum. J. Bacteriol. 88:1433-1441. 1964.-Gelatinous Chromobacterium violaceum strains elaborate a fibrous exopolysaccharide that forms a matrix in which growing cells are embedded. Stable, nongelatinous variants arising from gelatinous cultures were of two types: (i) those that had lost the ability to produce polysaccharide, and (ii) those that had lost the capacity to bind the polymer into a matrix. Gelatinous strains growing in Tryptone did not produce a matrix, but rather elaborated polysaccharide free into the medium. The effect of Tryptone was not one of selection of nongelatinous variants. Growth and polysaccharide synthesis in a defined medium were greatest when amino acids were substituted for ammonia as a nitrogen source. Best growth and polysaccharide yield occurred when the ratio of carbohydrate to nitrogen was in the order of 10:1. Depolymerization of formed polymer occurred in cultures grown with Casamino Acids as the nitrogen source. Calcium ion stimulated polysaccharide formation. Iron, although stimulating growth, inhibited polysaccharide formation.
Método para la evaluación del uso seguro de dispositivos médicos en el ambiente del hogar (Evaluation method of the use of medical devices in the homecare environment)

El uso de dispositivos medicos en el hogar, originalmente disenados para uso hospitalario, ha aumentado. Su uso es complejo e inseguro debido a la inexperiencia del usuario y el entorno no controlado. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la seguridad en el uso de este tipo de dispositivos a traves de la creacion de un modelo conceptual que identifica los riesgos que podrian surgir para un grupo de usuarios inexpertos que los operan. A traves de unestudio de usabilidad y siguiendo la metodologia Grounded Theory se identificaron problemas y errores que emergen a traves del uso en el hogar de dos dispositivos medicos distintos con la finalidad de crear un modelo conceptual. El modelo conceptual obtenido es representado en una herramienta de evaluacion, que permite a los interesados identificar el dispositivo medico mas apropiado para un usuario especifico, detectando las debilidades que pueden llevar a un uso inseguro. La herramienta creada efectivamente permite detectar las caracteristicas de riesgo, considerando cada situacion particular de uso. Abstract: The use of medical devices in the home environment, originally designed for hospital use has increased. Its use is complex and uncertain because of the inexperience of the lay user and the uncontrolled environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety in the use of these devices through the creation of a conceptual model that identifies the risks that could arise for a group of lay users who operate them. Through a usability study and following the Grounded Theory methodology problems and errors were identified emerging through the home use of two different medical devices in order to create a conceptual model. The conceptual model obtained is reified as an evaluation tool that allows stakeholders to identify the most suitable medical device for a specific user, detecting the weaknesses that may lead to an unsafe use. The evaluation tool created effectively allows detecting risky characteristics, considering the particular situation of use.
Kuttner's problem and a Polya type criterion for characteristic functions

Let w: [0, oo) -p R be a continuous function with X(O) = 1 and limit ,o p(t) = 0. If t1 (I A" (0) W'(V)) is convex, then +'(t) = (I tI), t E R, is the characteristic function of an absolutely continuous probability distribution. The criterion complements P6lya's theorem and applies to characteristic functions with various types of behavior at the origin. In particular, it provides upper bounds on Kuttner's function k(A), A E (0,2), which gives the minimal value of Kc such that (1It I,) is a characteristic function. Specifically, k(5/3) < 3. Furthermore, improved lower bounds on Kuttner's function are obtained from an inequality due to Boas and Kac.
Corequake and shock heating model of the 5 March 1979 gamma ray burst.

Ramatry, et al. proposed a model to account for the 5 March 1979 gamma ray burst in terms of a neutron star corequake and subsequent shock heating of the neutron star atmosphere. This model is extended by examining the overall energetics and characteristics of these shocks, taking into account the e(+)-e(-) pair production behind the shock. The effects of a dipole magnetic field in the shock jump conditions are also examined and it is concluded that the uneven heating produced by such a field can account for the temperature difference between pole and equator implied by the pulsating phase of the burst. The overall energetics and distribution of energy between e(+)-(-) pairs and photons appears to be in agreement with observations if this event is at a distance of 55 kpc as implied by its association with the Large Magellanic Cloud.