cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aggregate Analysis of the Literature for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment

BACKGROUND: Publication bias and/or true heterogeneity can skew aggregate impressions from scientific literature. To better determine aggregate measures for unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) treatment, we analyzed adverse outcome rates of surgical clipping and endovascular coil embolization. METHODS: Two independent reviewers searched MEDLINE for studies publishing adverse outcome rates for endovascular coiling and surgical clipping between January 1990 and July 2003. Studies were classified as single-center, multicenter, or community-based. We defined adverse outcome rates as combined all-cause early or in-hospital morbidity and mortality. We determined cumulative adverse outcome rates by plotting precision measure (sample size) against trial-specific effect (adverse outcome rate). FINDINGS: We included 4 endovascular coiling multicenter/community-based studies (1019 patients) and 13 single-center studies (810 patients) and 5 surgical clipping multicenter/community-based studies (10,541 patients) and 23 single-center studies (1759 patients). Cumulative adverse outcome rates for endovascular coiling and surgical clipping were 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.6%–10.1%) and 17.8% (95% CI 17.2%–18.6%). INTERPRETATION: Scattergram distribution illustrated the magnitude of bias in current literature reporting UIAs. Major parts of the literature may have underestimated surgical clipping morbidity and mortality, which can be attributed to bias from smaller retrospective studies. Neuroradiologic coiling studies were less likely to include factors contributing to inaccurate adverse outcome rates.
Exercise as a Treatment to Enhance Sleep

The prevalence of sleep-related complaints and the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments make nonpharmacological alternatives essential. Physical exercise is one such alternative that is inexpensive and affects numerous health systems simultaneously. This article reviews putative mechanisms that have guided exercise and sleep research, including exercise’s antidepressant effects, restorative functions, and circadian effects, and concludes that a number of mechanisms are plausible and likely active in explaining the effects of exercise on sleep. The empirical literature is reviewed, with special emphasis given to randomized controlled trials and experimental studies that help to inform for whom (eg, age, fitness characteristics), under what conditions (eg, light exposure, time of day), and by what means (eg, type, intensity, duration) exercise optimally affects sleep. The review also includes the emerging research using exercise as a treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome....
Temporal and Spatial Genetic Consistency of Walleye Spawning Groups

Abstract Population genetic compositions of the three largest spawning groups of Lake Erie walleyes Sander vitreus (Maumee River, Sandusky River, and Van Buren Bay reefs) were tested for temporal and spatial consistency across 14 years using nine nuclear DNA microsatellite loci from 726 adult walleyes collected in 1995, 1998, 2003, 2007, and 2008. Previous genetic work focused on a one-time “snapshot”; an earlier study by our laboratory found genetic connectivity among the three spawning groups in 2003, whereas most other spawning runs across Lake Erie were genetically distinct. Present results show overall year-to-year genetic consistency of walleye spawning groups; no significant differences were found among collection dates within an annual run, between sexes, or among age-cohorts. Overall, walleyes spawning at the Van Buren Bay reefs were genetically divergent from those spawning in the Maumee and Sandusky rivers, reflecting geographic distance; the latter two groups were genetically closer, with slig...
PARTIAL DENTURE DESIGN APPLICABLE TO THE MAXILLOFACIAL PATIENT.

Abstract Maxillofacial prosthetic patients present the same major problems as other partial denture patients. That problem is the control of stress between the resilient denture base element and the more immobile teeth. The maxillofacial prosthetic patient has an added problem because the basal seat area on which the denture base rests usually is made up, in part, of grafted bone, and often has grafted skin instead of the mucous membrane covering this bone. This abnormal foundation allows more movement of the base in function than severely resorbed residual alveolar ridges. Also, the restoration of the lost parts is usually heavy and bulky, and this adds to the load on the remaining teeth. The remaining teeth in these patients are extremely valuable to them. Because of the abnormality, they would have more difficulty if they were to be forced into wearing a complete denture. When stress-breaking is the major consideration, the combination clasp does the most effective job. A double or split-bar type of stress-breaker is very effective where the abutment teeth are all posterior to the denture base. This design prevents rotation about the anterior rests. The truss-bar retainer is used where a large number of healthy teeth remain and maxium retention is needed to support an obturator or other large appliance.
Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Imagery Using an Artificial Neural Network Cloud Classification System

Abstract A satellite-based rainfall estimation algorithm, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) Cloud Classification System (CCS), is described. This algorithm extracts local and regional cloud features from infrared (10.7 μm) geostationary satellite imagery in estimating finescale (0.04° × 0.04° every 30 min) rainfall distribution. This algorithm processes satellite cloud images into pixel rain rates by 1) separating cloud images into distinctive cloud patches; 2) extracting cloud features, including coldness, geometry, and texture; 3) clustering cloud patches into well-organized subgroups; and 4) calibrating cloud-top temperature and rainfall (Tb–R) relationships for the classified cloud groups using gauge-corrected radar hourly rainfall data. Several cloud-patch categories with unique cloud-patch features and Tb–R curves were identified and explained. Radar and gauge rainfall measurements were both used to evaluate the PERSIANN CCS rainfal...
Migrating to a new reserve system: Implementing Docutek's ERes system

Abstract Randall Library, UNCW, recently migrated from its established electronic course reserve system to Docutek's ERes course reserve system. This article reviews the migration path and discusses decision points and events along the way, the impact on reserve processes and workflow and challenges yet to be met.
Vision and force driven sensorimotor primitives for robotic assembly skills

Integrating sensors into robot systems is an important step towards increasing the flexibility of robotic manufacturing systems. Current sensor integration is largely task-specific which hinders flexibility. The authors are developing a sensorimotor command layer that encapsulates useful combinations of sensing and action which can be applied to many tasks within a domain. The sensorimotor commands provide a higher-level in which to terminate task strategy plans, which eases the development of sensor-driven robot programs. This paper reports on the development of both force and vision driven commands which are successfully applied to two different connector insertion experiments.
High Return Correlations in Emerging Markets: Are They Symptoms of Exploitable Arbitrage and Massive Market Inefficiency? Evidence from Germany, Mexico, Thailand and Turkey

In some emerging financial markets, high cross sectional return correlations limit the risk reduction benefits of diversification. The dominant explanation for these high correlations in the literature is that they result from shortages of information (c.f. Grossman, 1976, Roll, 1992, Stulz, 1999). We present evidence for the opposite case here. It appears that the covariance matrices one uses to estimate correlation coefficients have a more productive use. We provide evidence that these covariance matrices also may be used to produce buy and sell signals, information investors can use to arbitrage markets. They signal investors that markets are in disequilibrium, with resources being massively misallocated. This article documents the link between high asset return correlations and arbitrage profits in an examination of four financial markets: Germany, Mexico Thailand and Turkey. We provide evidence that Turkey's financial markets were in disequilibrium throughout our six year data sample period, as was Thailand for the six years prior to the Asian crisis. We identify arbitrage portfolios and the economic rents associated with them. If our results turn out to be characteristic of most financial and currency crises, much of the previous emerging markets research needs another look and policies based upon it need reconsideration.
Phycocyanins: Structure and Function

The presence of lamellar structures (thylakoids) is a common feature of the ultrastructure of cells performing oxygen evolving photosynthesis. In eukaryotic cells, the photosynthetic lamellae are contained within chloroplasts. In addition to protein-chlorophyll complexes, the thylakoids contain cytochromes, ferredoxin, plastocyanin, carotenoids, various quinones, and a high proportion of galactosylglycerides, phospholipids, and sulfolipids. The bulk of the chlorophyll within the thylakoid serves as a light-harvesting (or antenna) pigment. The trapped light energy is transferred from the antenna pigment to specialized protein-chlorophyll complexes—the “reaction centers”—at which it is converted to chemical energy. The reaction center chlorophylls represent a very small proportion (< 1%) of the chlorophyll within the thylakoid.
Service learning and service risk management in Internet telephony

Internet telephony can introduce many novel communication services, however, this novelty puts learning burden on users. We have developed an intelligent service creation environment which can automatically create services by learning from communication behavior. The service creation environment models communication services as decision trees and uses the incremental tree induction (ITI) algorithm for learning. We use our language for end system services (LESS) to describe learned results and have implemented a simulation environment to verify the learning algorithm. We noticed that automatically generated services may introduce undesirable side-effects that can cause users to lose calls, money, or privacy. Thus, we did an analysis on service risk management for LESS-based services and proposed several approaches for fail-safe services.
Did she mean to do it? Acquiring a folk theory of intentionality

The ability to both identify and explain others’ intentional acts is fundamental for successful social interaction. In two cross-sectional studies, we investigated 3- to 9-year-olds’ (n = 148) understanding of the folk concept of intentionality, using three types of intentionality measures. The relationship between this type of reasoning and false belief and interpretive mind understanding was also examined. Judgment of the appropriateness of an explanation was based on adult responses (n = 20). Overall, the results indicated that the ability to both identify and appropriately explain a range of intentional acts does not fully emerge until 7 years of age or later. The pattern of explanations revealed the gradual development of a folk concept of intentionality. Preschool- and early school-age children focused on the protagonists’ desires and actions, whereas 8- and 9-year-olds and adults were more likely to reference the protagonists’ awareness and skills.
QML: explicit first-class polymorphism for ML

Recent years have seen a revival of interest in extending ML's predicative type inference system with impredicative quantification in the style of System F, for which type inference is undecidable. This paper suggests a modest extension of ML with System F types: the heart of the idea is to extend the language of types with unary universal and existential quantifiers. The introduction and elimination of a quantified type is never inferred but indicated explicitly by the programmer by supplying the quantified type itself. Quantified types co-exist with ordinary ML schemes, which are in turn implicitly introduced and eliminated at let-bindings and use sites, respectively. The resulting language, QML, does not impose any restriction on instantiating quantified variables with quantified types; neither let- nor λ-bound variables ever require a type annotation, even if the variable's inferred scheme or type involves quantified types. This proposal, albeit more verbose in terms of annotations than others, is simple to specify, implement, understand, and formalize.
Intelligent image fragmentation for teleoperation over delayed low-bandwidth links

When performing teleoperation in a delayed environment it is recognized that providing the operator with a simulation of the remote environment will improve performance by insulating him or her from the delay. However, while this simulation provides the primary display, the provision of real visual images from the remote site is still desirable to assist the operator in diagnosing and recovering from unexpected events. This paper considers a teleoperation environment in which the delay is too great to permit direct operator control of remote cameras while the bandwidth is too small to permit direct transmission of remote site imagery. The system proposed uses models of the environment, task action and remote cameras to predict that fragment of the available imagery would best assist the operator were an error to occur. The system has been used successfully for performing real world intervention in cases where the operator and remote site were physically separated by 500 km, the communications time delay was in excess of 10 seconds and available bandwidths were software-limited to be on the order of 10 kbits/second.
Inherited Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer

The principal Mendelian disorders predisposing to colorectal cancer are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). FAP is due to mutations in the APC gene. HNPCC is due to a mutation in one of at least five mismatch repair genes. Identification of individuals with these conditions is important because colon cancer will occur in approximately 80% and onset is early. For FAP, protein truncation testing will identify the vast majority of mutations. For HNPCC, 80%-95% can be identified by microsatellite instability testing. A current U.S. study reports that 12% of consecutive colorectal cancers have high microsatellite instability and that, of this 12%, 25% have detectable mutations of MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6. Potential benefits of identification include improved compliance with recommended surveillance, early detection of polyps, reduction in cancer mortality, offering of testing to relatives, and reassurance for relatives found to be negative with attendant savings in the time and expense of surveillance.
Least squares based modification for adaptive control

A least squares modification is presented to adaptive control problems where the uncertainty can be linearly parameterized. The modified weight training law uses an estimate of the ideal weights formed online by solving a least squares problem using recorded and current data concurrently. The modified adaptive law guarantees the exponential convergence of adaptive weights to their ideal values subject to a verifiable condition on linear independence of the recorded data. This condition is found to be less restrictive and easier to monitor than a condition on persistency of excitation of the reference signal.
MERCURY TROPHIC TRANSFER IN A EUTROPHIC LAKE: THE IMPORTANCE OF HABITAT-SPECIFIC FORAGING

Mercury (Hg) trophic transfer and bioaccumulation in fish from a mine-impacted, eutrophic lake were examined in relation to foraging habitat, trophic position, and size. Diet analysis indicated that there were clear ontogenetic shifts in foraging habitats and trophic position. Pelagic diet decreased and benthic diet increased with increasing fish length in bluegill, black crappie, inland silverside, and largemouth bass, whereas there was no shift for prickly sculpin or threadfin shad. Stable carbon isotope values (delta13C) were inversely related to the proportion of pelagic prey items in the diet, but there was no clear relationship with benthic foraging. There were distinct differences between pelagic and benthic prey basal delta13C values, with a range of approximately -28 per thousand in pelagic zooplankton to approximately -20 per thousand in benthic caddisflies. Profundal prey such as chironomid larvae had intermediate delta13C values of approximately -24 per thousand, reflecting the influence of pelagic detrital subsidies and suppressing the propagation of the benthic carbon isotope signal up the food chain. Fish total mercury (TotHg) concentrations varied with habitat-specific foraging, trophic position, and size; however, the relationships differed among species and ages. When controlling for the effects of species, length, and trophic position, TotHg and delta13C were positively correlated, indicating that Hg trophic transfer is linked to benthic foraging. When examined on a species-specific basis, TotHg was positively correlated with delta13C only for bluegill, largemouth bass, and threadfin shad. However, diet-based multiple regression analyses suggested that TotHg also increased with benthic foraging for inland silverside and black crappie. In both species, benthic prey items were dominated by chironomid larvae, explaining the discrepancy with delta13C. These results illustrate the importance of foraging habitat to Hg bioaccumulation and indicate that pelagic carbon can strongly subsidize the basal energy sources of benthic organisms.
The Chiari Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome: Symptom Recurrence after Decompressive Surgery for Chiari Malformation Type I

Introduction: The etiology of Chiari malformation type I (CM1) as well as other anomalies associated with CM1 remains poorly defined. We have noted the presence of elevated CSF pres
Dual role of α-defensin-1 in anti–HIV-1 innate immunity

Alpha-defensins are abundant antimicrobial peptides in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and play an important role in innate immunity. We have previously shown that alpha-defensin-1 can inhibit HIV-1 replication following viral entry. Here we examined the molecular mechanism(s) of alpha-defensin-1-mediated HIV-1 inhibition. Alpha-defensin-1 had a direct effect on HIV-1 virions at a low MOI in the absence of serum. The direct effect on HIV-1 virions was abolished by the presence of serum or an increase in virus particles. Studying the kinetics of the HIV life cycle revealed that alpha-defensin-1 inhibited steps following reverse transcription and integration. Analysis of PKC phosphorylation in primary CD4+ T cells in response to alpha-defensin-1 indicated that alpha-defensin-1 inhibited PKC activity. Pretreatment of infected CD4+ T cells with a PKC activator, bryostatin 1, partially reversed alpha-defensin-1-mediated HIV inhibition. Like alpha-defensin-1, the PKC isoform-selective inhibitor Go6976 blocked HIV-1 infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, kinetic studies and analysis of HIV-1 products indicated that alpha-defensin-1 and Go6976 blocked HIV-1 infection at similar stages in its life cycle, including nuclear import and transcription. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that, in the absence of serum, alpha-defensin-1 may act directly on the virus, but, in the presence of serum, its effects are on the cell, where it inhibits HIV-1 replication. At least 1 of the cellular effects associated with HIV inhibition is interference with PKC signaling in primary CD4+ T cells. Studying the complex function of alpha-defensin-1 in innate immunity against HIV has implications for prevention as well as therapeutics.
Sensor Placement for Triangulation-Based Localization

Robots operating in a workspace can localize themselves by querying nodes of a sensor-network deployed in the same workspace. This paper addresses the problem of computing the minimum number and placement of sensors so that the localization uncertainty at every point in the workspace is less than a given threshold. We focus on triangulation-based state estimation, where measurements from two sensors must be combined for an estimate. This problem is NP-hard in its most general from. For the general version, we present a solution framework based on integer linear programming and demonstrate its application in a fire-tower placement task. Next, we study the special case of bearing-only localization and present an approximation algorithm with a constant factor performance guarantee.
Moisture transport in intensive microwave heating of biomaterials: a multiphase porous media model

Abstract A multiphase porous media model was developed to predict moisture transport during intensive microwave heating of biomaterials. Internal pressure gradients arise from internal heating and vaporization and significantly enhance the transport. Even a moderate internal pressure gradient in a low moisture material can cause more moisture to move to the surface than can be removed from the surface, leading to a soggy surface. A strong internal pressure gradient in a high moisture material can fully saturate the surface, leading to a very high moisture loss by liquid outflow at the surface. Addition of hot air and⧹or infrared heating of the surface to increase evaporation is suggested as a way to reduce surface moisture build-up.
Angiotensin IV-mediated pulmonary artery vasorelaxation is due to endothelial intracellular calcium release.

Angiotensin (ANG) IV stimulation of pulmonary artery (PA) endothelial cells (PAECs) but not of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) resulted in significant increased production of cGMP in PASMCs. ANG IV...
Low-impact housing: River Rouge, Michigan

Low-impact development (LID) is of great interest to planners, designers, governmental authorities, scientists, and concerning citizens. However, assessing the effectiveness of proposed spatial treatments for housing, commercial, industrial, and transportation projects remains an evolving and continuing process. In this study, researchers examined a post-industrial environmental setting near the mouth of the River Rouge River in the greater Detroit metropolitan area to develop the site for housing employing landscape-based composition approaches. The investigation assessed landscape treatments to measure general environmental quality and stormwater runoff quality. The results indicated that a landscape-based housing development had significantly better visual/environmental quality (p ≤ 0.0001) and that a bioretention water treatment area combined with a constructed wetland was able to improve water quality, removing approximately 96.3% of phosphorus.
Getting to More Effective Weight Management in Antipsychotic-Treated Youth: A Survey of Barriers and Preferences.

Abstract Background: Mentally ill youth are at risk for developing obesity, especially when they require antipsychotic treatment; moreover, they may face unique challenges in adhering to behavioral weight loss interventions. The aims of this project were to characterize the challenges families of youth with psychiatric disorders face when engaging in weight loss treatment and to gather information on attitudes and preferences for weight management interventions in this population. Methods: We devised a telephone survey to evaluate caregiver-perceived barriers/challenges to and preferences for behavioral weight loss treatment in overweight or obese mentally ill youth ages 6–18 treated with an antipsychotic agent in an outpatient setting. Results: A total of 26 parents or primary caregivers completed the survey. The most commonly cited barriers to participation in physical activity (PA) and maintaining a healthy diet were child's dislike of PA and child's preference for energy-dense foods, respectively, whi...
Hla typing of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

All children attending the Diabetic Clinic have been HLA typed. This has demonstrated benefits for population and family studies. Population studies suggest that the antigens in linkage dissociation with the immune response gene, or genes, for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and their relative risk are: Antigen Al B7 B8 B15 B18 CW3 CW4 Relative risk 1.5 0.6 2.9 3.7 1.3 2.7 0.3 Family : In one family of 5 persons, the lather and 3 daughters had IDDM. The remaining child, a boy, was showing symptoms of anxiety pertaining to his possible development IDDM. HLA typing suggested which haplolypes on the paternal and maternal side were likely to have the gene or genes. As the son did not inherit either of these haplotypes, his chance of developing IDDM is not increased. Explanation of this brought great relief to the boy, demonstrating a benefit of HLA typing of families of IDDM.
Thermal stability of gold nanoparticles embedded within metal oxide frameworks fabricated by hybrid modifications onto sacrificial textile templates.

The stability and spatial separation of nanoparticles (NP’s) is essential for employing their advantageous nanoscale properties. This work demonstrates the entrapment of gold NP’s embedded in a porous inorganic matrix. Initially, gold NP’s are decorated on fibrous nylon-6, which is used as an inexpensive sacrificial template. This is followed by inorganic modification using a novel single exposure cycle vapor phase technique resulting in distributed NP’s embedded within a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix. The processing is extended to the synthesis of porous nanoflakes after calcination of the modified nylon-6 yielding a porous metal oxide framework surrounding the disconnected NP’s with a surface area of 250 m2/g. A unique feature of this work is the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an in situ annealing sample holder. The apparatus affords the opportunity to explore the underlying nanoscopic stability of NP’s embedded in these frameworks in a single step. TEM analysis indicate...
Incapacity, impotence and invisible impairment: their effects upon interpersonal relations.

1965 Vital and Health Statistics: Volume of Physician Visits. Series 10. Number 18. National Center for Health Statistics. 1968 Vital and Health Statistics: Volume of Physician Visits. Series 10. Number 49. National Center for Health Statistics. 1971 Current Medicare Survey Report, Health Insurance Statistics, CMS-14, (July 12) Table 6. Social Security Administration. Woolsey, T. D. 1971 "The health opportunity gap." Proceedings of the Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Doc. No. 63 9, Junior Series No. 1 (April).
Separation of Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions by Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process

The removal of some polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution were studied by reverse osmosis process using cellulose acetate membrane.The results were as follows : 1) The permeability showed the high values when the carbon number of alkyl groups on the alkyl-phenyl ether and the alkyl ether surfactants was low, and as the carbon number of alkyl groups increases the permeability was tendencies to be lower.As the moles of ethylene oxide increases, the permeability comes to high, and the moles of ethylene oxide showed little difference in 20 to 40moles range.2) The rejection of the alkylphenyl ether and the alkyl amine surfactants were observed better than that of alkyl ether. The relation between the moles of ethylene oxide and the rejection of surfactants were little.
Deposition of Sediment in Transient Flow

An analytical method of predicting the change in riverbed elevation at transient phases is developed. A computer solution is presented along with the method in order that a sample computation can be made to check the stability and convergency of the method. For channels in which the sediment-laden water can be considered completely homogeneous and in which the velocity can be considered uniform over the cross-section, equations of continuity and the equation of motion of sediment-laden water are presented. Introducing the assumption that the difference between the original bed slope and the new bed slope within a short period is very small, these three basic partial differential equations are successfully reduced to two partial differential equations. The method of characteristics is then employed to solve for the mean velocity, v , and the mean depth of flow, h . In order to estimate the sediment deposit thickness, z , the equation of continuity for sediment is transformed directly into finite-difference form.
Planification et gestion sanitaires

Les modeles occidentaux de strategie sanitaire ne sont pas applicables aux pays du tiers monde. Le developpement de services et systemes sanitaires originaux et efficaces exige une methode de planification repondant a certains criteres definis. Un effort de cooperation OMS-pays dans ce domaine a eu lieu de 1970 a ce jour. Il en est resulte une serie de procedures fondees sur l'approche systemique pour la programmation, la formulation et la gestion de projets sanitaires, qui ont retenu l'attention de la 31e Assemblee mondiale de la sante. Cet effort de cooperation technique se poursuit.
Establishing an endoscopy unit for surgical training.

A training program in gastrointestinal endoscopy for surgical residents must be directed by a staff surgeon, be taught by surgeon endoscopists (not gastroenterologists), and be an integral part of surgical education, not a separate discipline. Data on medical and surgical endoscopy units demonstrate that when 600 to 800 procedures are performed per year, a full-time gastrointestinal assistant and an independent endoscopy unit are necessary. Video endoscopy equipment should be the basis for all surgical endoscopy training programs.
Building Blocks for Bottom-Up Neural Tissue Engineering: Tools for In Vitro Assembly and Interrogation of Neural Circuits

Bottom-up tissue engineering approaches provide unique opportunities to investigate the formation and dynamics of neural circuits. Given the fact that spatial organization of cells with specific morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical properties is a defining feature of neural circuits, bottom-up strategies are a promising tool in gaining mechanistic understanding of the role of spatial organization of cell types. Moreover, by controlling the cell density and matrix composition, structures assembled in vitro can have significantly lower light scattering, allowing high-resolution, high-speed optical imaging not possible in intact tissues. These features of bottom-up assembly approaches make them an attractive model system for probing molecular function in disease models, and also potentially in identifying the origin of emergent properties in neural circuits.
LUMINESCENCE OF RARE EARTH DOPED BaMgF4 UNDER UV AND X-RAYS

ABSTRACT Luminescence of BaMgF4, doped with Eu2+, Ce3+, Tb3+ has been studied under UV and X-ray excitation at 300 K and 77K. Observation of Eu2+ line emission and energy transfer is discussed.
Stereospecific synthesis of cis -stilbenes from benzaldehydes and phenylacetic acids via sequential Perkin condensation and decarboxylation

Abstract cis-Stilbenes were synthesized stereospecifically in high yields from the cuprous oxide-catalyzed decarboxylation of α-aryl-trans-cinnamic acids that were prepared from the Perkin condensation of benzaldehydes and phenylacetic acids.
Maximizing electrical capabilities of test setup resources to enhance detection of setup problems (Test setup comprehensive- diagnostic)

This paper will explain occurrences and resolution of identified hardware issues encountered across all Test Sections — Wafer Sort and Final Test. The closed loop system was carefully utilized to stimulate test set-up resources thru the modification of test program, it achieves detection of defective/ abnormal functioning test hardware components, test cables, tester resources, and wrong values mounted on the test board (installed during repair) that results to low yield issues and test escapes. It's a powerful tool in detection and rapid intervention of set-up failures before product testing. Relating to current ATE system diagnostics, the uniqueness of the tool is being implemented per device level. Detection: stimulating the tester resources in order to utilize the component under test and to measure the response with respect to the expected values and tolerance. Implementation: modifying software or hardware to add the specific tests to identify defective test setup components and setting up a limit that will be the reference for the measurement. A Graphical User Interface will pop up and prompt the status of the test setup and provide quick reference on possible root causes of the setup failures.
DASP3: identification of protein sequences belonging to functionally relevant groups.

Development of automatable processes for clustering proteins into functionally relevant groups is a critical hurdle as an increasing number of sequences are deposited into databases. Experimental function determination is exceptionally time-consuming and can’t keep pace with the identification of protein sequences. A tool, DASP (Deacon Active Site Profiler), was previously developed to identify protein sequences with active site similarity to a query set. Development of two iterative, automatable methods for clustering proteins into functionally relevant groups exposed algorithmic limitations to DASP. The accuracy and efficiency of DASP was significantly improved through six algorithmic enhancements implemented in two stages: DASP2 and DASP3. Validation demonstrated DASP3 provides greater score separation between true positives and false positives than earlier versions. In addition, DASP3 shows similar performance to previous versions in clustering protein structures into isofunctional groups (validated against manual curation), but DASP3 gathers and clusters protein sequences into isofunctional groups more efficiently than DASP and DASP2. DASP algorithmic enhancements resulted in improved efficiency and accuracy of identifying proteins that contain active site features similar to those of the query set. These enhancements provide incremental improvement in structure database searches and initial sequence database searches; however, the enhancements show significant improvement in iterative sequence searches, suggesting DASP3 is an appropriate tool for the iterative processes required for clustering proteins into isofunctional groups.
CMV Immunity Status in Older (>50 Years Old) Subjects after Non-Myeloablative or Reduced Intensity Regimen for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT): A Comparison with a Younger Cohort after Ablative HCT.

Abstract Immunity declines with age as demonstrated by cell-mediated and humoral responses to alloantigens. The susceptibility of these elderly subjects to endogenous virus infection, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation, is a particular concern during the process of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and immune reconstitution. In this report, the host contribution to stem cell engraftment and differentiation was evaluated by comparing the HCMV immune response in older subjects (> 50 y.o.) to a younger ( 50 y.o. who had received reduced intensity or non-myeloablative conditioning regimen, and Group 2 consisted of 13 patients
Effect of grade (G) 3 fibrosis on clinical outcome of patients (Pts) with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): Mayo Clinic Experience.

7085 Background: There have been renewed attempts at characterizing the clinicopathological findings of MDS with fibrosis (MDS-F) in order to determine if it warrants a distinct entity. Most of the...
Resolving differences between animal models for expedited orthodontic tooth movement

Objective To highlight differences in commonly used animal models of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Methods Narrative review. Results A critical review of the literature on animal models has become increasingly important in the last decade as methods to increase the rate of tooth movement have been intensely sought. We provide a review focusing on the rodent and canine models for expedited OTM and describe the challenges in extrapolation of the results to the clinical practice of orthodontics. We review and contrast the two (rodent, canine) most commonly used animal models for OTM. We then describe animal models to study bone adaptation, remodelling and modelling, which are keys events in describing and quantifying OTM. Conclusions Understanding the differences between animal models and their adaptation biology as it relates to OTM is key to make valid conclusions. The rodent model can be used to understand the initial phases of tooth movement. Unlike the dog model, the rodent model does not lend itself to understand prolonged adaptation in response to bodily tooth movement. Extrapolation of rate of tooth movement to humans is more challenging from rodent model data.
Effects of peer feedback on password strength

Passwords have dominated the world of authentication. Their widespread use has made them a prized target for attackers. Various schemes have been employed to strengthen password security to resist such attacks. Numerous websites and applications use password meters to help users create a stronger password. The objective of having a password meter is to provide visual feedback to users on their choice of a password by labeling it as weak, medium, or strong, for example. In this paper, we incorporated social influence, which is the effect others have on an individual's attitude and behavior. This social influence, commonly known as peer feedback, was incorporated in the design of a peer feedback password meter. When participants were given explicit instructions to create a unique password, those that were provided with the peer feedback meter created stronger passwords when compared to those that had the traditional meter.
Simulations indicate that scores of lionfish ( Pterois volitans) colonized the Atlantic Ocean

The invasion of the western Atlantic Ocean by the Indo-Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans) has had devastating consequences for marine ecosystems. Estimating the number of colonizing lionfish can be useful in identifying the introduction pathway and can inform policy decisions aimed at preventing similar invasions. It is well-established that at least ten lionfish were initially introduced. However, that estimate has not faced probabilistic scrutiny and is based solely on the number of haplotypes in the maternally-inherited mitochondrial control region. To rigorously estimate the number of lionfish that were introduced, we used a forward-time, Wright-Fisher, population genetic model in concert with a demographic, life-history model to simulate the invasion across a range of source population sizes and colonizing population fecundities. Assuming a balanced sex ratio and no Allee effects, the simulations indicate that the Atlantic population was founded by 118 (54-514, 95% HPD) lionfish from the Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean by 84 (22-328, 95% HPD) lionfish from the Atlantic, and the Gulf of Mexico by at least 114 (no upper bound on 95% HPD) lionfish from the Caribbean. Increasing the size, and therefore diversity, of the Indo-Pacific source population and fecundity of the founding population caused the number of colonists to decrease, but with rapidly diminishing returns. When the simulation was parameterized to minimize the number of colonists (high θ and relative fecundity), 96 (48-216, 95% HPD) colonists were most likely. In a more realistic scenario with Allee effects (e.g., 50% reduction in fecundity) plaguing the colonists, the most likely number of lionfish increased to 272 (106-950, 95% HPD). These results, in combination with other published data, support the hypothesis that lionfish were introduced to the Atlantic via the aquarium trade, rather than shipping. When building the model employed here, we made assumptions that minimize the number of colonists, such as the lionfish being introduced in a single event. While we conservatively modelled the introduction pathway as a single release of lionfish in one location, it is more likely that a combination of smaller and larger releases from a variety of aquarium trade stakeholders occurred near Miami, Florida, which could have led to even larger numbers of colonists than simulated here. Efforts to prevent future invasions via the aquarium trade should focus on the education of stakeholders and the prohibition of release, with adequate rewards for compliance and penalties for violations.
Molecular origins of anisotropic shock propagation in crystalline and amorphous polyethylene

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to analyze shock propagation in amorphous and crystalline polyethylene. Results for the shock velocity ${U}_{s}$ are compared to predictions from Pastine's equation of state and hydrostatic theory. The results agree with Pastine at high impact velocities. At low velocities the yield stress becomes important, increasing the shock velocity and leading to anisotropy in the crystalline response. Detailed analysis of changes in atomic order reveals the origin of the anisotropic response. For shock along the polymer backbone, an elastic front is followed by a plastic front where chains buckle with a characteristic wavelength. Shock perpendicular to the chain backbone can produce plastic deformation or transitions to different orthorhombic or monoclinic structures, depending on the impact speed and direction. Tensile loading does not produce stable shocks: Amorphous systems craze and fracture while for crystals the front broadens linearly with time.
Crossing Cultural Frontiers: Studies in the History of World Christianity:

This review essay highlights the thought of Andrew F. Walls, the renowned interpreter of the history of world Christianity. World Christianity is normative Christianity, Walls argues, a portable re...
Household Succession as a Catalyst of Landscape Change

Most residences excavated by historical archaeologists were occupied by several households. Consequently, the domestic landscape is a dynamic context that often reflects the occupational history of a former dwelling or houselot. Interestingly, major site events and landscape changes typically coincide with important junctures in the life history of households. Household succession, in which different residents occupy a dwelling, appears to be a significant transition that influences the domestic landscape. Shortly after inhabiting a residence, new occupants may expand a dwelling, move or raze extant outbuildings, alter fence lines, and change the location of refuse disposal areas. In turn, during excavation historical archaeologists are often confronted with a challenging array of features, deposits, and landscape modifications. In this paper, the influence of household succession upon landscape change is explored through consideration of several sites that collectively were occupied between the 17th and 20th centuries. The study sites illustrate that household succession is an important catalyst of landscape change. Consequently, the archaeological record at residences can be better contextualized and interpreted through the use of this concept.
Case 76: A Severe Case of Metabolic Acidosis

A 48-year-old otherwise healthy female (68 kg and 5 ft 7 in.) with Moyamoya ­disease is scheduled for an extracranial–intracranial revascularization (EC–IC bypass). She has a past history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Her kidney function is deemed normal. She is having this procedure since she has had transient ischemic episodes recently. Five days prior to the surgery, she stopped taking Clopidogrel (Plavix). She is admitted the day before surgery for a Single-Photon Emission CT scan (SPECT scan). Acetazolamide 250 mg orally is given as a single dose 2 h prior to the scan. This is done to evaluate cerebral vascular reserve.
IDD3 and IDD5 alleles from nod mice mediate Sjögren's syndrome-like autoimmunity.

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder clinically manifested as dry eyes and dry mouth in human patients. The loss of secretory capacity of the eyes and salivary glands presumably results from the effector functions of immune cells infiltrating the target organs.
Arginine-Selective Chemical Labeling Approach for Identification and Enrichment of Reactive Arginine Residues in Proteins.

Modification of arginine residues using dicarbonyl compounds is a common method to identify functional or reactive arginine residues in proteins. Arginine undergoes several kinds of posttranslation...
Solidarity or Sanctuary? A Global Strategy for Migrant Rights:

This article explores municipal challenges to nation-state-based immigration and migration policy, as exemplified in the sanctuary city movement in the United States, the solidarity city concept as...
Design of FSS for Wideband and Wide-Angle Coverage—Challenges and Possible Solutions

This paper examines the challenges encountered in the process of designing Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) for applications that call for simultaneous coverage over very wide frequency band as well as wide angle. The paper begins with a review of existing literature and concludes that none of them can provide, even with the suggested modifications, a design that meets our needs of 3:1 bandwidth over an angular range of 60deg or higher. Next, we propose some new designs and examine how well we can meet the stated goals
Glutamate diffusion in the rat brain in vivo under light and deep anesthesia conditions

Purpose Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system and glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in many common and severe neuropsychiatric disorders. In vivo MRS techniques have been developed to measure brain Glu concentration to investigate the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. However, it is difficult to interpret Glu signal changes because Glu plays multiple roles in the brain and is found in multiple microenvironments including cytosolic, vesicular, and extracellular. Methods In vivo diffusion-weighted MRS (DW-MRS) with low to very high b-values was performed on the rat prefrontal cortex at 9.4T under both light and deep anesthetic conditions to examine Glu diffusion properties. Results Significant alterations in Glu diffusion as well as reduced Glu concentration were observed under deep anesthesia compared with superficial anesthesia in the absence of similar changes in NAA or creatine. Conclusion The modifications in Glu diffusion under deep anesthesia might reflect changes in Glu microenvironment. The present work shows that Glu DW-MRS could be an important tool to explore Glu physiology with changing levels of neuronal activity and synaptic function.
Synaptic Transmission of Pain in the Dorsal Horn

Nociceptive transmission ascends from the periphery to the brain along specialized neuronal pathways. The spinal dorsal horn is a major site of nociceptive signal processing, which involves multiple types of neurons and complex circuits involving both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. These dorsal horn circuits are critical for normal acute pain processing and may play a role in the development of chronic pain.