cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Art of Building in the Classical World: VISION AND SPATIAL REPRESENTATION

Even with Plato's subsequent elaboration on the relationship between craftsmanship and cosmic mechanism in the Timaeus , the Republic 's comparison of the diagrams of Daidalos (or another craftsman or painter) and the motions of heavenly bodies may seem strange, perhaps exceedingly so. In looking into the formal and conceptual connections shared by Greek diagrams of cosmic mechanism and the graphic underpinnings of round and partially round Greek buildings, this chapter attempts to demonstrate the naturalness of Plato's comparison in the larger context of classical visual culture. Specifically, I aim to show how in the Classical period, the design of the Greek theater as a circular and radial construction relates to theories of vision, the recent invention of linear perspective, and astronomical drawings representing the revolutions of bodies in space and the passage of time. The revealed connections help locate an early application of ichnography in the design of the theater as a vessel for communal vision. They also demonstrate a nexus of conceptual associations available to Plato when he referred to the diagrams of Daidalos. Finally, they demonstrate that the relationship (or, just as significantly, a simple lack of separation) between building, mechanism, and astronomical timepieces that together define architecture for Vitruvius may be found in notably earlier Greek traditions. This background will serve to more fully inquire into the origins of linear perspective and ichnography in Chapter 3.
Charged-particle mutagenesis: I. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of high- LET charged iron particles on human skin fibroblasts

Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of high-LET charged iron (56Fe) particles were measured quantitatively using primary cultures of human skin fibroblasts. Argon and lanthanum particles and gamma rays were used in comparative studies. The span of LETs selected was from 150 keV/microns (330 MeV/u) to 920 keV/microns (600 MeV/u). Mutations were scored at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus using 6-thio-guanine (6-TG) for selection. Exposure to these high-LET charged particles resulted in exponential survival curves. Mutation induction, however, was fitted by the linear model. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for cell killing ranged from 3.7 to 1.3, while that for mutation induction ranged from 5.7 to 0.5. Both the RBE for cell killing and the RBE for mutagenesis decreased with increasing LET over the range of 1.50 to 920 keV/microns. The inactivation cross section (sigma i) and the action cross section for mutation induction (sigma m) ranged from 32.9 to 92.0 microns2 and 1.45 to 5.56 X 10(-3) microns2; the maximum values were obtained by 56Fe with an LET of 200 keV/microns. The mutagenicity (sigma m/sigma i) ranged from 2.05 to 7.99 X 10(-5) with an inverse relationship to LET.
Investigation of Nanofibrous Film Coating Effect on Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors

Electrospinning is reported in this paper as a new coating approach for surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor in order to enhance its chemical detection capability. Ultrafine (100–300 nm) polyethylene oxide (PEO) fibrous film with controlled thickness and porosity were electrospun-coated on the surface of a ST-X quartz based SAW sensor. Compared to the conventional solid thin film coating techniques, the nanofiber-coated SAW sensor shows a higher sensitivity and faster response. A theoretical analysis was performed to characterize the SAW sensor response with nanofibrous film coating. The nanofibrous film provides a high surface area to volume ratio, which can not only offer more adsorption sites for vapor molecules, but also shortens the diffusion length of vapor molecules into polymer material. It is concluded that the nanofiber film holds a great potential in enhancing SAW sensor performance for trace level detection of chemical analytes.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Lipides of chick heart fibroblasts; effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid.

Summary1. A study of amount and nature of lipides that accumulate in “old” cultures of chick heart fibroblasts was made, along with the effect of vit. B12 and folic acid on the accumulation. 2. Vit. B12 and folic acid in the medium prevented accumulation of fat and apparently stimulated growth of the culture. Normal controls, freshly excised tissue, and vitamin treated cultures were essentially free of neutral fat as indicated by constancy of ratio of fatty acids to phospholipide phosphorus. In degenerating cultures this ratio increased rapidly in the absence of added vitamins.
Forest Tent Caterpillar: Control with ULV Trichlorfon in Water Tupelo Ponds

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hubner, has been epidemic in swamp stands of water tupelo, Nyssa aquatica L., and blackgum, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, in southern Louisiana and Alabama for many years (Morris 1965). In the past 2 years, over 500,000 acres/year were defoliated by this insect. Repeated defoliation of tupelo and blackgum reduces tree growth and seed crops (Morris and Orr 1963).
Epidemiological Investigation of the First Case Caused by Type I Vaccine Highly-mutant Poliovirus in Beijing

Objective To investigate the first case of a type I Vaccine Highly-mutant Poliovirus( VHMPVⅠ)in Beijing. Method S We conducted an epidemiological investigation with virus excretion monitoring,risk assessment,disinfection,and isolation. Results The case,a Beijing resident with a perianal abscess,received one dose of oral polio vaccine( OPV),and had stayed in Hebei with his mother before paralysis onset. Three qualified stool samples were collected,from which a VHMPVⅠ was isolated by the National Polio Laboratory( NPL). A total of 4 stool samples,with two qualified stool samples every 14 days,were collected from the case. Seven stool samples were collected among close contacts. All samples were negative by PV isolation and RT-PCR( Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction). We conducted an OPV coverage assessment in the residential township of the case,and a rapid coverage assessment in nearby townships and a township with clusters of the floating population. There were no children with zero doses of OPV. There were no missed AFP case from the community and hospitals. The case was isolated with gastrointestinal precautions until proven noninfectious. Conclusion This may have been a case that was infected from an external environmental source. Further research on the relationship between genetic variation of VHMPV and neuro-virulence should be conducted.
The Prevalence and Influence Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Dongling District of Shenyang

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and relative factors of adults with diabetes mellitus(DM) in Dongling district of Shenyang.And to supply the basis statistical data for the study of DM prevalence.Method:Eighteen years old and above adults in the media economic level countryside of Dongling district were selected and the questionnaire was filled and physical examinations were done in these people.Result:Among 724 people who were selected,there were 53 DM cases and the general prevalence rate of DM was 7.3%(53/724).Marital status,vocation,standard of culture,weight,high blood pressure,high cholesterol,high triglyceride were relative factors to DM prevalence(P0.05).Conclusion:We should make some effective measures to deal with this tendency in order to reduce the high prevalence rate of DM in Dongling district of Shenyang.
Luteinizing hormone bioactivity in human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin-induced cycles

Eight human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG)-induced cycles in four anovulatory women unresponsive to clomiphene citrate plus hCG were studied. Blood samples were obtained for baseline determinations and daily thereafter, 24 hours after the injection of hMG. Serum estradiol (E2), progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Bioassayable LH (LH-b) was determined by the immature mice interstitial cell in vitro bioassay for testosterone with LER-907 as the reference standard. Appropriate follicular growth, assessed by pelvic ultrasonography, occurred in all cycles. During induction days mean immunoassayable LH (LH-i) and LH-b levels were suppressed until the E2 concentrations rose to a mean of 1420.5 +/- 149 pg/ml (standard error of the mean), at which time a concurrent rise in LH-b and LH-i levels was observed (130% and 34%, respectively). LH-b/LH-i ratio increased by 63% on the day E2 peaked, indicating enhanced LH bioactivity before hCG administration. Our data suggest that during hMG/hCG-induced cycles, in a high E2 milieu, endogenous or exogenous LH may show a heterogeneity in its molecular content, resulting in enhanced bioactivity relative to immunoactivity.
A review of risk scoring for preterm birth.

This article presents the methods used for risk scoring for preterm birth, the indicators used to evaluate risk scoring, summaries of current literature, and the difficulties with risk scoring for preterm birth. The authors conclude that risk scoring may be helpful to clinicians by providing an organized approach to the assessment of women at risk for preterm birth but that current risk scoring methods for preterm birth may not be better than standard clinical wisdom. Population-based efforts to reduce preterm births such as universal access to prenatal care, changing the focus of prenatal care from a strictly medical model to a more comprehensive one that includes education, social and economic supports, and making prenatal care a valued service for society may be more effective than focusing on a small group of high-risk women.
The Way We Live Now : Service Work and Violence

As we have seen, narrative engagements with service work blend questions of unproductive labor with those of domestic service, from the unproductive domestic work of the pastry cook David Faux in Eliot’s Brother Jacob and the improvisatory subject work of remaking the domestic space in Our Mutual Friend to Betteredge and Rosanna’s narrative service work in The Moonstone. Service work’s organization and discipline thus often intermingle with and come to resemble that of domestic work, in large part through discourses of respectability, femininity, and class. From this perspective, the view of finance in these novels offers a masculinized form of service work’s domestic work-discipline: nineteenth-century finance was a small but continually expanding club from the mid-century forward that claimed to discipline itself following codes of gentlemanliness, which emphasized traits such as disinterest, trustworthiness, patience, and industry.1 Overall, then, we have traced the emergence of service work out of unproductive labor as potentially productive work via the domestic sphere, disciplined by naturalized codes of gender and conduct. Moreover, linkages of service work and gender also naturalize expectations of female servility.
Cognitive Schemata and Persuasive Communication: Toward a Contingency Rules Theory

(1982). Cognitive Schemata and Persuasive Communication: Toward a Contingency Rules Theory. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 6, Communication Yearbook 6, pp. 330-363.
Potential Impact of Integrating HIV Surveillance and Clinic Data on Retention-in-Care Estimates and Re-Engagement Efforts

Retention in care is essential to the health of people living with HIV and also for their communities. We sought to quantify the value of integrating HIV surveillance data with clinical records for improving the accuracy of retention-in-care estimates and the efficiency of efforts to re-engage out-of-care patients. Electronic medical records (EMRs) of HIV+ patients ≥18 years old from a public, hospital-based clinic in Minneapolis, MN between 2008 and 2014 were merged with state surveillance data on HIV-related laboratory tests, out-of-state relocation, and mortality. We calculated levels of retention and estimated the number of required case investigations to re-engage patients who appeared to be out of care over the study period with and without surveillance data integration. Retention was measured as the proportion of years in compliance with Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) guidelines (two clinical encounters >90 days apart annually) and the proportion of patients experiencing a gap in care >12 months. With data integration, retention estimates improved from an average HRSA compliance of 70.3% using EMR data alone to 77.5% with surveillance data, whereas the proportion of patients experiencing a >12-month gap in care decreased from 45.0% to 34.4%. If case investigations to re-engage patients were initiated after a 12-month gap in care, surveillance data would avoid 330 (29.3%) investigations over the study period. Surveillance data integration improves the accuracy of retention-in-care estimates and would avert a substantial number of unnecessary case investigations for patients who appear to be out of care but, in fact, receive care elsewhere or have died.
Avian community structure and habitat use of Polylepis forests along an elevation gradient

BACKGROUND As one of the highest forest ecosystems in the world, Polylepis forests are recognized both as center of endemism and diversity along the Andes and as an ecosystem under serious threat from habitat loss, fragmentation, and climate change due to human activities. Effective conservation efforts are limited, in part, by our poor understanding of the ecology and habitat needs of the ecosystem's flora and fauna. METHODS In 2014-2015, we studied bird communities and 19 associated local and landscape attributes within five forested glacial valleys within the Cordillera Blanca and Huascaran National Park, Peru. We surveyed birds during the dry (May-August) and wet (January-April) seasons at 130 points distributed along an elevational gradient (3,300-4,700 m) and analyzed our data using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). RESULTS We associated a total of 50 species of birds, including 13 species of high conservation concern, with four basic habitat types: (1) Polylepis sericea forests at low elevations, (2) P. weberbaueri forests at high elevations, (3) Puna grassland and (4) shrublands. Four species of conservation priority (e.g., Microspingus alticola) were strongly associated with large forest patches (∼10-ha) of P. sericea at lower elevations ( 4,200 m). DISCUSSION Results suggest two key strategies form the cornerstones of conservation efforts: (a) protect large remnant (>10-ha) P. sericea forests at lower elevations and (b) maintain all relicts of P. weberbaueri, irrespective of size, at high elevations (>4,200 m).
Restoried Script Performance

Defined as a live performance with aesthetic and personal elements, a restoried script performance (RS Performance) highlights a significant, relevant aspect of a person’s life that has been restructured through a series of therapeutic processes. The restorying processes are informed by Narrative Therapy (White & Epston, 1990) and Narradrama (Dunne, 2006), and include the identification and enactment of unique outcomes, healing stories, and problem-saturated stories. The performance may be a solo piece, a collaborative script of collective personal stories, or a combination of poetry, video, dance, and/or monologue. Audiences may be personally connected to the performer or public. An RS performance is not a substitute for therapy, but the process and ultimate performance creates the possibility for transformation, self-discovery, and healing. This chapter will describe the RS performance process, examining the relevant theories and research that support its therapeutic benefits.
Exploring sense of community in adult recreational tennis

ABSTRACTSocial benefits are of primary importance for adults involved in amateur recreational sports. Further, Chalip [(2006). Toward a distinctive sport management discipline. Journal Of Sport Management, 20(1), 1] recently identified social benefits as essential to the rationale of public delivery of sport programmes. Despite the clear importance of these benefits, limited research exists that seeks to understand how adult participants perceive their experience, if they experience social benefits, and how management practices can enhance such benefits. This research attempts to fill that gap by exploring the experience of participants in an adult recreational tennis league. Adult recreational tennis is particularly relevant to the field of leisure management as it represents a sport that may be played across the lifespan, and because delivery resides within public and private (commercial or not-for profit spheres). We interviewed 21 intermediate players in adult recreational leagues to investigate their...
Forcing Spring Growth of Rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ Rooted Cuttings

Growth induction treatments of 17°C (63°F) minimum night temperature (MNT) for 14 days beginning on February 15 or March 1 subsequently gave equal growth of Rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ rooted cuttings at post-induction MNT of 5°C (41°F). Neither 14 days of 10°C (50°F) MNT before or after the induction period nor 3-hr light breaks (2300 to 0200 hr) during the induction period further benefited growth. One mature flush of growth was produced by the end of May on plants kept at MNT of 5°C following induction, whereas 2 flushes were produced on plants maintained at continuous 17°C MNT from February 15. Both groups matured a third flush by the end of September.
INFORMED: an incubator at the US FDA for driving innovations in data science and agile technology

Information Exchange and Data Transformation (INFORMED), a multidisciplinary initiative anchored in the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence, is a decentralized science and technology incubator designed to harness the power of big data and advanced analytics to improve disease outcomes. Information Exchange and Data Transformation (INFORMED), a multidisciplinary initiative anchored in the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence, is a decentralized science and technology incubator designed to harness the power of big data and advanced analytics to improve disease outcomes.
Speech and Language Community

‘Language community’ and ‘speech community’ are constructs – only recently distinguished systematically – referring to a social aggregate from the perspective of its language(s). This article first traces two threads in the literature on ‘speech community,’ one that grounds community in linguistic homogeneity and another that envisions community as an organization of diversity. We then turn to more recent topics: ‘communities of practice’; social networks; imagined participants and publics; ontological distinctions between ‘language community’ and ‘speech community’; and debates about consensus-based and conflict-based social theories. Finally, we consider approaches that downplay community in favor of boundaries, relations, and wider social fields.
The Effects of Interrogation Coerciveness and Ambiguity of Guilt on Juror Judgments of Confession Credibility

We examined the influence of interrogation techniques (coercive or not coercive) and certainty of guilt (known or ambiguous) on mock jurors’ verdicts and ratings of an interrogation. Participants read attorney arguments, watched a realistic videotaped interrogation that included a confession, indicated their verdict, and answered a series of questions about the credibility of the confession and about the influence of evidence on their judgments. Results indicated that the interrogation was rated as fairer and less coercive when guilt was known than when guilt was ambiguous. In addition, participants rendered more 'not guilty' verdicts when the interrogation was coercive than when it was not coercive. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Addition of Hip Arthroscopy to Periacetabular Osteotomy Does Not Increase Complication Rates: A Prospective Case Series.

Background:Previous studies on periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) reported complication and reoperation rates of 5.9% and 10%, respectively. Hip arthroscopy is increasingly utilized as an adjunct proce...
The Moral Transcendental Argument against Skepticism

Transcendental arguments against skepticism argue that the skeptical argument depends on, as a necessary condition for its formulation, the falsehood—or, more weakly, the unbelievability—of the skeptical hypothesis. In this chapter, I offer a series of arguments that the skeptic’s hypothesis needs to presuppose the moral or practical rationality of the subject, requiring either the existence of an external world with certain features (strongest arguments), the falsehood of the skeptical hypothesis (strong arguments), or the subject’s belief in such a world (weak arguments). In all the proposed transcendental arguments, the states of the agent requiring the falsehood or unbelievability of the skeptical hypothesis are not representational states such as the beliefs the skeptic asks the subject to doubt. I begin with an argument from rational agency, and I then investigate the sense of moral obligation, moral motives, and virtues in the vat, and argue that although the skeptic needs to presuppose the rational and moral agency of the subject, the skeptical hypothesis denies or undermines the subject’s agency. I end by considering whether the skeptic can retreat to Pyrrhonian skepticism to save the skeptical project, and I conclude that he cannot.
Exploring Politicized Trust in a Racially Diverse Computer Science Classroom.

Over the past decade, abroad range of policymakers, corporations, educators, and scholars in the United States have catapulted computer science (CS) education from the sidelines to the center of K-...
Tantrums, tears and fun

The books of Tony Ross are packed with humour and misdeeds that are engaging to young children. Use them to develop Communication and Language skills that involve attentive listening and self-expre...
Persistent Gamma Spiking in SI Nonsensory Fast Spiking Cells Predicts Perceptual Success.

Summary Gamma oscillations (30–55 Hz) are hypothesized to temporally coordinate sensory encoding, enabling perception. However, fast spiking interneurons (FS), key gamma generators, can be highly sensory responsive, as is the gamma band local field potential (LFP). How can FS-mediated gamma act as an impartial temporal reference for sensory encoding, when the sensory drive itself presumably perturbs the pre-established rhythm? Combining tetrode recording in SI barrel cortex with controlled psychophysics, we found a unique FS subtype that was not sensory responsive and spiked regularly at gamma range intervals (gamma regular nonsensory FS [grnsFS]). Successful detection was predicted by a further increase in gamma regular spiking of grnsFS, persisting from before to after sensory onset. In contrast, broadband LFP power, including gamma, negatively predicted detection and did not cohere with gamma band spiking by grnsFS. These results suggest that a distinct FS subtype mediates perceptually relevant oscillations, independent of the LFP and sensory drive.
Elevated Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio is Associated with a Poorer Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Performance in Patients with Heart Failure

Background The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily-obtained biomarker of systemic inflammation. An elevated NLR represents greater inflammatory activation and has been associated with higher mortality in patients with heart failure (HF), including after left ventricular assist device implantation. We sought to determine whether NLR is associated with the metabolic response to exercise in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for diagnostic or prognostic indications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed CPETs performed between 4/2017 and 11/2018 at a single tertiary center. We included only the first CPET for unique patients, performed for an indication of cardiomyopathy or HF (systolic or diastolic). Patients referred for congenital or valvular heart disease were excluded. Baseline demographics and key CPET parameters were recorded and NLR noted if performed within 100 days of CPET. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between NLR and key CPET parameters. Two linear regression models were constructed, to determine the relationship between the NLR and peak oxygen consumption (pkVO2) or minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (VE/VCO2), respectively. Each model was adjusted for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Results There were 142 CPETs during the study period, of which 121 met inclusion criteria and 94 had an NLR value. The cohort (n=94) was 30% female, with primary cardiac conditions identified as non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in 42%, ischemic cardiomyopathy in 38%, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 13% and HF with preserved ejection fraction in 7%. Median age was 60 years, BMI 29.2 kg/m2 and NLR 2.58 (quartile range 1.76-4.00). The median CPET parameters achieved were exercise time 9.0 min, metabolic equivalents (METS) 5.3, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 1.10, pkVO2 1.18 L/min, pkVO2 adjusted for weight 14.2 mL/kg/min, VE/VCO2 35. There was a negative correlation between NLR and pkVO2 (r=-0.24, p=0.020) or weight-adjusted pkVO2 (r=-0.22, p=0.033, Fig 1A) and a positive correlation between NLR and VE/VCO2 (r=0.31, p= 0.003, Fig 1B). On multivariable regression, the NLR remained significantly associated with both the pkVO2 (p=0.048) and the VE/VCO2 (p=0.013) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Conclusion Greater systemic inflammation, represented by a higher NLR, is associated with poorer CPET performance in patients with HF, as characterized by a lower pkVO2 and higher VE/VCO2. Systemic inflammation is an important correlate of functional limitations for patients with HF and warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
ESTIMATION OF SERUM ANTIARRHYTHMIC CONCENTRATION FROM ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS VIA MACHINE LEARNING

Antiarrhythmics are known to have dose-dependent effects on the electrocardiogram. This work presents a deep-learned algorithm for estimating the plasma concentration of an antiarrhythmic based on a single 12-lead ECG. A subset of the ECG data from “Differentiating drug-induced multichannel block
Exploring the role of quality in a population study of early education and care

Abstract This paper uses rich, representative data from the Early Learning Study at Harvard (ELS@H) to examine the landscape of early education and care among three- and four-year-olds in one state. We examine the distribution of children in setting types, taking socio-demographic characteristics of children and families into account, investigate how micro-features of quality differ across early education and care setting types (i.e., formal and informal settings), and explore whether variation in micro-features of quality is associated with children's language, literacy, math, executive functions, and social-emotional skills across the setting types. To address these aims, we employ measures of quality that capture detailed information about adult–child interactions and the nature of daily activities. Overall, we found a slight majority of three- and four-year-olds in the state were enrolled in formal settings, with fewer children enrolled in informal settings or parental care only. We observed different patterns of enrollment in formal and informal care settings based on child and family characteristics; younger children were less likely than older children to attend formal care settings, and middle-income families were less likely to use formal care relative to lower-income and higher-income families. Moderate differences in quality across setting types were observed. Children's skills also varied across setting types. However, controlling quality features did not change these patterns, and child and family characteristics accounted for much of the variation in child skills between setting types.
Design Considerations for Energy-efficient Inference on Edge Devices

The emergence of low-power accelerators has enabled deep learning models to be executed on mobile or embedded edge devices without relying on cloud resources. The energy-constrained nature of these devices requires a judicious choice of a deep learning model and system configuration parameter to meet application needs while optimizing energy used during deep learning inference. In this paper, we carry out an experimental evaluation of more than 40 popular pretrained deep learning models to characterize trends in their accuracy, latency, and energy when running on edge accelerators. Our results show that as models have grown in size, the marginal increase in their accuracy has come at a much higher energy cost. Consequently, simply choosing the most accurate model for an application task comes at a higher energy cost; the application designer needs to consider the tradeoff between latency, accuracy, and energy use to make an appropriate choice. Since the relation between these metrics is non-linear, we present a recommendation algorithm to enable application designers to choose the best deep learning model for an application that meets energy budget constraints. Our results show that our technique can provide recommendations that are within 3 to 7% of the specified budget while maximizing accuracy and minimizing energy.
Biotechnology and the bovine practitioner

There is clearly a revolution going on in the methodology which is used to develop new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapeutics for human and veterinary medicine. It is fortunate for the bovine practitioner that many of the first veterinary products developed using new biotechnology techniques have been for use in cattle. The possibilities for future veterinary products derived by these methods will be limited only by the financial and time resources committed to such endeavors by public research institutions and private industry.
Biological Indeterminacy

Reductionist explanations in biology generally assume that biological mechanisms are highly deterministic and basically similar between individuals. A contrasting view has emerged recently that takes into account the degeneracy of biological processes—the ability to arrive at a given endpoint by a variety of available paths, even within the same individual. This perspective casts significant doubt on the prospects for the ability to predict behavior accurately based on brain imaging or genotyping, and on the ability of neuroscience to stipulate ethics.
Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Hsp90β-Selective Inhibitors

The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are molecular chaperones that are responsible for the folding and/or trafficking of ~400 client proteins, many of which are directly associated with cancer progression. Consequently, inhibition of Hsp90 can exhibit similar activity as combination therapy as multiple signaling nodes can be targeted simultaneously. In fact, seventeen small-molecule inhibitors that bind the Hsp90 N-terminus entered clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, all of which exhibited pan-inhibitory activity against all four Hsp90 isoforms. Unfortunately, most demonstrated undesired effects alongside induction of the pro-survival heat shock response. As a result, isoform-selective inhibitors have been sought to overcome these detriments. Described herein is a structure-based approach to design Hsp90β-selective inhibitors along with preliminary SAR. In the end, compound 5 was shown to manifest ~370-fold selectivity for Hsp90β versus Hsp90α, and induced the degradation of select Hsp90β-dependent clients. These data support the development of Hsp90β-selective inhibitors as a new paradigm to overcome the detriments associated with pan-inhibition of Hsp90.
Serum Vitamin D: Correlates of Baseline Concentration and Response to Supplementation in VITAL-DKD.

CONTEXT The effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on the serum concentration of vitamin D (the parent compound) may offer insight into vitamin D disposition. OBJECTIVE To assess the total serum vitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation and whether it varies according to participant characteristics. To compare results with corresponding results for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is used clinically and measured in supplementation trials. DESIGN Exploratory study within a randomized trial. INTERVENTION 2,000 International Units of vitamin D3 per day (or matching placebo). SETTING Community-based. PARTICIPANTS 161 adults (mean ± SD age 70 ± 6 years; 66% males) with type 2 diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations from baseline to year 2. RESULTS At baseline, there was a positive, nonlinear relation between total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Adjusted effects of supplementation were a 29.2 (95% CI: 24.3, 34.1) nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D and a 33.4 (95% CI: 27.7, 39.2) nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D. Among those with baseline 25(OH)D < 50 compared with ≥ 50 nmol/L, the serum vitamin D response to supplementation was attenuated (15.7 vs 31.2 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.02), whereas the serum 25(OH)D response was augmented (47.9 vs 30.7 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 supplementation increases total serum vitamin D and 25(OH)D concentrations with variation according to baseline 25(OH)D, which suggests that 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 is more efficient when serum 25(OH)D concentration is low.
A pilot study of U.S. college students' 12-step orientation and the relationship with medications for opioid use disorder.

To examine undergraduate college students’ attitudes toward 12-step support group utilization for opioid use disorder (OUD) and associations with previous experience with medications for OUD (MOUD)...
Cross-conjugation controls the stabilities and photophysical properties of heteroazoarene photoswitches

Azoarene photoswitches are versatile molecules that interconvert from their E-isomer to their Z-isomer with light. Azobenzene is a prototypical photoswitch but its derivatives can be poorly suited for in vivo applications such as photopharmacology due to undesired photochemical reactions promoted by ultraviolet light and its relatively short half-life (t1/2) of the Z-isomer (2 days). Experimental and computational studies suggest that these properties (λmax of the E isomer and t1/2 of the Z-isomer) are inversely related. We identified isomeric azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans from a high-throughput screening study of 1700 azoarenes as photoswitch candidates with improved λmax and t1/2 values relative to azobenzene. We used density functional theory to predict the activation free energies, reaction free energies, and vertical excitation energies of the E- and Z-isomers of 2,2- and 3,3-substituted azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans. The half-lives depend on whether the heterocycles are 𝜋-conjugated or cross-conjugated with the diazo 𝜋-bond. The 2,2-substituted azoarenes both have t1/2 values on the scale of 1 hour, while the 3,3-analogues have computed half-lives of 40 (thiophene) and 230 (furan) years. The 2,2-substituted heteroazoarenes have significantly higher λmax absorptions than their 3,3-substituted analogs: 76 nm for azofuran and 77 nm for azothiophene.
Problemas del procedimiento de provisión de empleos públicos en Nicaragua y las consecuencias de su inaplicación (Problems with the Procedure for the Provision of Public Employment in Nicaragua and the Consequences of its Non-application)

Spanish Abstract: La normativa de servicio civil y carrera administrativa nicaraguense regula el acceso a la funcion publica a traves de un procedimiento de provision de cargos publicos basado en diversos principios, entre los que sobresale el merito como mecanismo competitivo de ingreso. Pese a los aciertos que representa el procedimiento, este no es ajeno a problemas que dificultan su implementacion. La presente investigacion no solo busca identificar las falencias actuales en el sistema de carrera, sino que ademas estudia los efectos que la no aplicacion de un procedimiento competitivo para la provision, permanencia y promocion en cargos publicos tendria de cara a las exigencias derivadas de los principios de capacidad e igualdad. English Abstract: Regulation of the Nicaraguan civil service and competitive system requires that access to public employment follows a merit based-procedure. Despite its attainments, the competitive merit-based procedure for civil service has equally displayed some technical issues, making difficult its use. This research paper not only aims to identify current shortcomings in the competitive recruitment procedure, but it also studies the effects, in light of the principles of equality and capability, of the non-application of a merit-based system for access, tenure and advancement within the Public Administration. It explores some alternatives intended to ensure main access to qualified personnel and, by this means, the Administration’s good performing.
Outcomes of Combined Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Peripheral Vascular Intervention in the United States.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and real-world outcomes of patients who require peripheral vascular intervention during the same hospitalization as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared with TAVR alone. Background There are limited data on the prevalence and outcomes of combined TAVR and percutaneous peripheral vascular intervention. Methods All patients who underwent TAVR in 2016 and 2017 were identified using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR alone were compared with those of patients undergoing combined TAVR and peripheral intervention, TAVR and peripheral intervention with and without a history of peripheral artery disease, and alternative-access TAVR with transfemoral TAVR in individuals undergoing peripheral intervention. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 99,654 hospitalizations were identified, among which 4,397 patients (4.42%) underwent peripheral intervention during the same admission as TAVR. Patients who required peripheral intervention had increased mortality (4.2% vs 1.5%; P Conclusions Peripheral vascular intervention may be used to facilitate transfemoral access or as a bailout for vascular complications during TAVR. Combined TAVR and peripheral intervention is associated with an increased risk for adverse events, though outcomes are better compared with alternative-access TAVR using a nonfemoral approach.
Teaching Management Information Systems as a General Education Requirement (GER) Capstone.

Although many IS programs nationwide use capstone courses in the major, this paper reports on the use of an upper division Management Information Systems (MIS) class as a general education requirements (GER) capstone. The class is a core requirement for all majors in the Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) program at the University of Alaska Anchorage, which includes the MIS major. The BBA program is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). The explosive developments in information technology have both economic and cultural impacts on society, and often lead to ongoing debates. In dealing with the impact of technology on society, the capstone class challenges students to integrate GER knowledge, business and their major-specific knowledge, and IT knowledge. Students must demonstrate skills across five dimensions: 1) knowledge integration, 2) effective communication (oral and in writing), 3) critical thinking and problem solving, 4) information literacy, and 5) quantitative perspectives. The five GER dimensions are assessed using a research project and a series of four hands-on projects (information literacy, database management, data mining, and decision support). The research project is based around a debate on topics relating to the impact of technology on society, and challenges students across all five dimensions. The handson projects focus more on information literacy, critical thinking and quantitative perspectives. Assessment data collected over the past five years (spring 2007 to spring 2011) show that a majority of students (75% or more in recent years) consistently achieve passing scores across the five GER dimensions.
Sterilization of the Retarded: A Problem or a Solution

That sterilization today is a subject of considerable interest can hardly be denied. Planned Parenthood has its pamphlet on the subject,1 and even the Wall Street Journal finds the topic of sufficient interest to intermingle with the financial news.2 While ethical land psychologicaPl assessments of sterilization may differ, few would deny that the operation should be performed only upon those who knowingly consent to it."
The Unfinished Revolution: Freedom and Property in Nineteenth Century Republicanism

The republican tradition, especially as inherited from Roman thinkers, is sometimes seen as an inegalitarian and conservative tradition. In particular, it is thought that the commitment to republican liberty or ‘independence’ leads to a defense of private property and a resistance to schemes of redistribution. Through a re-reading of the leading figures of the workingmen’s movements of the 1820s and 30s in the United States, this essay contests the current reading. It argues that a powerful argument was made for redistribution of property in the name of republican liberty. At its most radical, these worker-intellectuals and labor reformers argued that each citizen’s independence could only be realized through an equalization of property. Thus, while it may be true that the dominant strand of modern, neo-Roman republicanism was hostile to the redistribution of property, that only tells us who the victors were in the struggle over a complex tradition.
Relationship between Organic Carbon and Opportunistic Pathogens in Simulated Glass Water Heaters

Controlling organic carbon levels in municipal water has been hypothesized to limit downstream growth of bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in premise plumbing (OPPPs). Here, the relationships between influent organic carbon (0–15,000 µg ozonated fulvic acid /L) and the number of total bacteria [16S rRNA genes and heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs)] and a wide range of OPPPs (gene copy numbers of Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Vermamoeba vermiformis, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycobacterium avium) were examined in the bulk water of 120-mL simulated glass water heaters (SGWHs). The SGWHs were operated at 32–37 °C, which is representative of conditions encountered at the bottom of electric water heaters, with water changes of 80% three times per week to simulate low use. This design presented advantages of controlled and replicated (triplicate) conditions and avoided other potential limitations to OPPP growth in order to isolate the variable of organic carbon. Over seventeen months, strong correlations were observed between total organic carbon (TOC) and both 16S rRNA gene copy numbers and HPC counts (avg. R2 > 0.89). Although M. avium gene copies were occasionally correlated with TOC (avg. R2 = 0.82 to 0.97, for 2 out of 4 time points) and over a limited TOC range (0–1000 µg/L), no other correlations were identified between other OPPPs and added TOC. These results suggest that reducing organic carbon in distributed water is not adequate as a sole strategy for controlling OPPPs, although it may have promise in conjunction with other approaches.
Moving embedded figures test.

Abstract The Moving Embedded Figures Test (MEFT) is a 20-min., 16-mm., individually administered filmed test, designed for use in movement behavior research. It assesses elementary school aged children's perception of embedded figures that appear to move away from stationary backgrounds. Construction, administration, and scoring procedures are described. Findings from data collected on 80 subjects are reported and discussed.
Extrinsic Parse Selection

This paper reports on one aspect of Locutus, a natural language interface to databases (NLIDB) which uses the output of a high-precision broad-coverage grammar to build semantic representations and ultimately SQL queries. Rather than selecting just a subset of the parses provided by the grammar to use in further processing, Locutus uses all of them. If the meaning of a parse does not conform to the semantic domain of the database, no query is built for it. Thus, intended parses are chosen extrinsically. The parser gives an average of 3.01 parses to the sentences in the Geoquery250 corpus. Locutus generates an average of 1.02 queries per sentence for this corpus, all of them correct.
The poliovirus eradication initiative.

Poliomyelitis is a neurological disease characterized by paralysis of the extremities and occasionally other muscles, leading to transient or permanent impairment, and rarely, in the most severe bulbar cases, death. Interest in poliomyelitis and poliovirus increased dramatically at the beginning of the 20th century because a relatively rare sporadic illness changed to an epidemic disease with a clear trend to global spread. Due to the very low paralysis-to-infection ratio, some limited circulation of wild poliovirus (WPV) without overt clinical manifestations cannot be fully excluded as the explanation for orphan isolates. Since the early days of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), it has been known that the use of this vaccine can cause vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) among vaccine recipients and their immediate contacts. Another category of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), called immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs (iVDPVs), have been isolated from immunodeficient patients chronically infected with poliovirus. The most serious challenge, however, is to greatly strengthen routine immunization within the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), which is clearly inadequate in many low-income countries. The successful reintegration of polio eradication activities into the EPI, by also helping to reinvigorate the EPI, can be one of the enduring legacies of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and serve as a model for other global infectious disease control and eradication initiatives.
Virulence of Three Clinical Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Non-O- 1 Serogroup in Experimental Enteric Infections in Rabbits

Three Vibrio cholerae, [ill] isolates, pathogenic in both adult rabbit ligated ileal loop and infant rabbit assays, produced no heat-labile or heat-stable toxins. Their pathogenicity did not correlate with the presence of plasmids.
Towards a 'neural' architecture for abductive reasoning

The authors formulate the general task of abduction as a nonlinear nonmonotonic constrained optimization problem. They then consider a linear monotonic version of the general abductive problem, and propose a neural network for solving it. The neurons in this network represent the elementary explanatory hypotheses and the connections between them are symmetric. It is found that representing the abductive problem as minimization of an energy function requires a network of order greater than two. The authors outline a second 'neural' architecture that reflects the structure of the abductive problem. In this model, the constraints of the problem are represented explicitly, the network is composed of functional modules, and the connections between the 'neurons' are asymmetric. Suggestions are made as to how this second-order network can accommodate certain interactions between the elementary hypotheses. >
Gradient Index Polymer Optics: Achromatic Singlet Lens Design

We have developed an analytic approximation useful for designing achromatic singlet lenses. The designs are based on gradient index lenses fabricated from nanolayered polymer materials. Raytraced results confirm the achromatic performance of the designs.