cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Arcadia To Utopia: Manipulating Same-Sex Desire in Ethnographic Texts

Ethnographers complicit with the ideology of compulsory heterosexuality generally use two metanarratives to obviate the need to discuss same-sex desire from their texts. In the Utopian metanarrative, same-sex desire is simply absent from human interactions, while in the Arcadian, it is present everywhere, a simple part of the background that can be endlessly deferred. Classical, modern, and postmodern ethnographies of both Western and non-Western cultures are analyzed. It is suggested that future ethnographies might avoid the metanarratives to fully explore the fluidity and complexity of same-sex desire.
Serum Dilution Test for Bactericidal Activity. I. Selection of a Physiologic Diluent

with 50% pooled human serum (MHB-S/HS); and pooled human serum alone (HS). Protein binding of 13 antimicrobial agents was determined in MHB-S/5%A, MHB-S/ HS, and HS. Results obtained by macro- and micromethods for broth and serum dilution tests were compared with those obtained by the agar dilution test for carbenicillin, oxacillin, and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Activity of oxacillin against S. aureus was decreased fourfold by the presence of human serum in concentrations of -25%. Physiologic concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++ decreased the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to gentamicin fourfold. The performance of MHB-S/HS was similar to that of HS, whereas the performance of MHB, MHB-S, and MHB-S/5%A was not similar to that of HS. MHB-S/HS is a suitable diluent for use in standardization of the serum dilution test. The serum dilution test is a direct method of
Adaptive-outward and maladaptive-inward arterial remodeling measured by intravascular ultrasound in hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes.

Background: Coronary artery remodeling implies structural changes in the vessel wall in response to various pathophysiologic conditions. However, the classification of remodeling is unclear. We hypothesized that the adaptive, positive-outward remodeling is a reactive and compensatory response to the stress. The maladaptive negative-inward constrictive remodeling is a passive atherosclerotic condition in which the vessel becomes stiffer.Methods: Patients with atherosclerotic lesions underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) scans. The size of the vessels distal to and proximal to plaques were analyzed by IVUS. Diabetes was created in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (65 mg/kg). To reduce remodeling, mice received ciglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-g (PPARg) in drinking water. After 8 weeks, atherosclerotic vessels were analyzed for collagen and elastin.Results: IVUS data suggest an adaptive coronary arterial remodeling was a positive compensatory response ...
Toward a Reconceptualization of Communication

The study of communication as a focus on messages or on symbolic transmission is challenged as unrealistically narrow. In addition, it is suggested that the communication scholar must recognize the influences of (1) man's changing contexts, (2) man's interdependence with his environment, (3) man's limited ability to control for error, (4) interaction effects in communication, and (5) the effects of choices of communication behaviors attributed to others. Thus, it is argued, communication should be defined as the study of the ways by which men affect each other and the interactions of those systems of influence.
Ultrafast exciton response of high optical density J-aggregates from ultrathin films of cyanine dyes

Ultrathin films of cyanine dye J-aggregates show extraordinary exciton cross sections. Exciton dynamics are studied by ultrafast pump-probe and transient photoluminescence spectroscopy. An exciton delocalization length of N=18 monomers was measured at room temperature.
A review of fetal and infant protection associated with antenatal influenza immunization

The well-described burden of influenza morbidity in the pregnant woman and her young infant have led to increasing interest in the use of antenatal immunization to protect both the mother and the infant. In this review, we summarize the recent data on the effect of antenatal influenza infection, and influenza immunization, on mothers and infants. Antenatal influenza immunization can improve intrauterine growth in Asia and North America and reduce preterm deliveries. Studies of the pathogenetic process of influenza infection in the mother and fetus are needed. These findings suggest the wider use of antenatal immunization should be encouraged, including in low-resource regions. Creative approaches to antenatal influenza immunization policy should be developed to provide protection to the maternal, fetal, and infant triad in temperate and tropical regions.
Singleport/multiport memory synthesis in data path design

A simple yet efficient method is presented to explore the design space for memory synthesis which deals not only with single-port memory synthesis but also multiport memory synthesis according to the design constraints. The application of this method to different synthesis examples is illustrated, and improvements over previous techniques are demonstrated. The technique avoids certain locally optimal solutions to achieve more globally optimal solutions than were obtained in the previously proposed 0-1 integer programming technique. With suitable modifications, the technique could be applied to multiport memory synthesis in which the maximum number of read ports is different from the maximum number of write ports. >
ADHD, Altered Dopamine Neurotransmission, and Disrupted Reinforcement Processes: Implications for Smoking and Nicotine Dependence

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and impairing disorder affecting millions of children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with ADHD smoke cigarettes at rates significantly higher than their non-diagnosed peers and the disorder also confers risk for a number of related adverse smoking outcomes including earlier age of initiation, faster progression to regular use, heavier smoking/greater dependence, and more difficulty quitting. Progress in our understanding of dopamine neurotransmission and basic behavioral reinforcement processes in ADHD may help increase our understanding of the ADHD-smoking comorbidity. This review will examine how these areas have been studied and how further work may aid in the development of better prevention and treatment for smoking in those with ADHD.
More Evidence That Volar Locked Plating for Distal Radial Fractures Does Not Offer a Functional Advantage Over Traditional Treatment Options

Distal radial fracture is one of the most frequent fractures in the upper extremity, with a multitude of treatment options. Despite the lack of evidence to justify the trend, there is a noticeable shift away from percutaneous fixation in favor of treatment with a volar locking plate1. While volar plates were designed to minimize complications such as tendon irritation2, their theoretical superiority over other treatment methods has yet to be demonstrated scientifically. In this prospective randomized study, Karantana et al. compared two techniques of fixation for distal radial fractures: open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with use of a volar locking plate and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with or without external fixation. Functional outcome assessments were conducted at six weeks, twelve weeks, and one year. The authors found that scores of the Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM) and Quick DASH (a shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure) were significantly better for patients in the volar locking-plate group at six weeks, but these scores were similar between the groups by twelve weeks and at one year. In 2009, a similar study performed at two hospitals in our academic medical system also compared the results of ORIF with those of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in a prospective randomized fashion. We found similar outcomes comparing the two treatment groups at one year3 …
Local Atomic Level Elastic Moduli of Surface Regions

Whether a structure is regarded as homogeneous or inhomogeneous depends on the scale at which the analysis is carried out. For example, macroscopically, a semi-infinite body without any defects is completely homogeneous up to the surface. However, on the atomic scale, relaxation and, possibly, reconstruction occur in a region extending a few atomic spacings away from the surface and this region is, in general, highly inhomogeneous on the atomic scale.
The Shadow of Translation

Antonio Prete's most recent book, All'ombra dell'altra lingua. Per una poetica della traduzione, is neither a theoretical treatise on translation, nor an analysis or close reading of selected translations, but rather a succinct study, or long essay, on the literary history and practice of translation in Italy. The book most concerns the formative role that translation has played in poets' apprenticeships to their predecessors. The practice of translation, Prete asserts, leads poets into living between languages with the twin arts of poetry and translation.
Seeing the average of averages

A classic problem asks us to determine the average speed when the speeds over two equal distances are given.
Lessons Learned from "BJC" CS Principles Professional Development

Computer Science Principles (CSP) will become an Advanced Placement course during the 2016-17 school year, and there is an immediate need to train new teachers to be leaders in computing classrooms. From 2012-2015, the Beauty and Joy of Computing team offered professional development (PD) to 133 teachers, resulting in 89 BJC CSP courses taught in high schools. Our data show that the PD improved teachers' confidence in our four core content categories and met its primary goal of training teachers in equitable, inquiry-based instruction. In this paper, we present the evolution of the BJC PD, its challenges and lessons that we learned while continually adapting to teachers' needs and contexts.
Calcium handling by sarcoplasmic reticulum of neonatal swine cardiac myocytes

In recent years, because of similarities to human infants, neonatal piglets have increasingly become the model of choice for studying neonatal heart function. However, the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) has not been thoroughly characterized in this species. Accordingly, Ca2+ pump kinetics, efflux channel characteristics, Ca2+ transients, and contractile movements were examined in isolated newborn piglet cardiac ventricular myocytes. Maximum uptake rate (Vmax) and concentration required to produce a half-maximal effect (K0.5) for oxalate-supported, ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake by the SR of digitonin-lysed myocytes were 285 +/- 17 nmol 45Ca2+.min-1.mg-1 and 0.69 +/- 0.07 microM, respectively. In the absence of phospholamban phosphorylation, Vmax was reduced to 195 +/- 26 nmol 45Ca2+.min-1.mg-1 (P < 0.05 vs. control) and K0.5 increased to 1.28 +/- 0.13 microM (P < 0.05 vs. control). [3H]ryanodine binding studies yielded a maximum binding capacity of 181 +/- 12 fmol/mg and a dissociation constant of 1.7 +/- 0.2 nM. Raising extracellular Ca2+ (0.5-5 mM) increased peak amplitude and decreased the duration of electrically stimulated fura 2 Ca2+ transients and recordings of cell length changes. Both ryanodine and 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, an inhibitor of SR calcium adenosinetriphosphatase, completely abolished Ca2+ transients in piglet myocytes. These studies indicate that the SR has a significant role in excitation-contraction coupling in neonatal piglet myocytes.
Purchasing of services contracting: a symbiosis of voluntary organizations, government, and clients.

In the last twenty years, the phenomenon of government contracting with nonprofit human service organizations to deliver welfare services has intensified. This phenomenon, also known as privatization or purchase of services, is intriguing for welfare as well as nonprofit scholars. Using the functional-structuralist approach, the author explores analytically the mutual benefits as well as risks involved in contracting. He reviews four theoretical approaches regarding the evolution and function of voluntary organizations and how they and the public authorities divide the provision of welfare services. He discusses what each party gains, how each party takes advantage of this arrangement, and how these relationships affect services and clients. This article is based on personal experience in the U.S.A. and Israel as well as the literature from other countries including many European countries. Finally, he proposes that the framework presented in this article guide a cross-national, empirical analysis of the relationships between nonprofits and governments in welfare provision and its consequences.
Role for the αV Integrin Subunit in Varicella-Zoster Virus-Mediated Fusion and Infection.

UNLABELLED Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella and herpes zoster. Membrane fusion is essential for VZV entry and the distinctive syncytium formation in VZV-infected skin and neuronal tissue. Herpesvirus fusion is mediated by a complex of glycoproteins gB and gH-gL, which are necessary and sufficient for VZV to induce membrane fusion. However, the cellular requirements of fusion are poorly understood. Integrins have been implicated to facilitate entry of several human herpesviruses, but their role in VZV entry has not yet been explored. To determine the involvement of integrins in VZV fusion, a quantitative cell-cell fusion assay was developed using a VZV-permissive melanoma cell line. The cells constitutively expressed a reporter protein and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to knock down the expression of integrin subunits shown to be expressed in these cells by RNA sequencing. The αV integrin subunit was identified as mediating VZV gB/gH-gL fusion, as its knockdown by shRNAs reduced fusion levels to 60% of that of control cells. A comparable reduction in fusion levels was observed when an anti-αV antibody specific to its extracellular domain was tested in the fusion assay, confirming that the domain was important for VZV fusion. In addition, reduced spread was observed in αV knockdown cells infected with the VZV pOka strain relative to that of the control cells. This was demonstrated by reductions in plaque size, replication kinetics, and virion entry in the αV subunit knockdown cells. Thus, the αV integrin subunit is important for VZV gB/gH-gL fusion and infection. IMPORTANCE Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes chickenpox and shingles. A common complication of shingles is the excruciating condition called postherpetic neuralgia, which has proven difficult to treat. While a vaccine is now available, it is not recommended for immunocompromised individuals and its efficacy decreases with the recipient's age. These limitations highlight the need for new therapies. This study examines the role of integrins in membrane fusion mediated by VZV glycoproteins gB and gH-gL, a required process for VZV infection. This knowledge will further the understanding of VZV entry and provide insight into the development of better therapies.
Tubulin-containing structures.

Publisher Summary The chapter describes methods for the purification of echinoderm egg and spindle tubulins, microtubule-associated proteins, mitotic organizing centers, and, briefly, cilia and flagella. The chapter discusses some of the relevant aspects of the biochemistry of echinoderm tubulin and microtubule reassembly in vitro . Many of the components presumed necessary for the assembly and organization of mitotic spindle microtubules are present in the unfertilized sea urchin egg, including assembly competent tubulin, microtubule-associated proteins, and latent mitotic organizing centers. Despite the storage of microtubule components in the unfertilized egg, there are few, if any, assembled microtubules. Fertilization triggers the assembly of microtubules, and many other events such as the alkalinization of the Cytoplasm from pH 6.80 to 7.30. The increase in intracellular pH could release an inhibitor molecule or protein from egg tubulin, allowing assembly to occur in the presence of microtubule-associated proteins and mitotic organizing centers. The understanding of mitosis and microtubule function will benefit from promising new research and an ability to isolate and characterize these tubulin-containing structures in vitro .
Leber Congenital Amaurosis

Leber congenital amaurosis is a group of early-onset retinal dystrophies characterized by severe vision loss, nystagmus, and retinal dysfunction demonstrated with severely abnormal ERG.
Interactive Bicriteria Integer Programming: A Performance Analysis

The bicriteria problem is an important problem in multiobjective optimization that has been extensively studied in the literature. Practical applications and algorithmic investigations of this problem are numerous. We have developed an efficient interactive solution framework for solving bicriteria integer programming problems. In this framework, a decision maker is assumed to have an implicit utility function of the objectives he wishes to maximize, and the function is considered to be pseudoconcave and nondecreasing. The decision-maker’s preference structure is assessed using pairwise comparison questions, and the problem is solved by an interactive branch-and-bound method, in which the decision maker participates in the solution process. The bicriteria problem has several special properties, and the solution framework employs several algorithmic components that exploit these properties leading to an efficient solution process. In this article, we report on a detailed performance investigation carried out on the solution framework. The results show that the proposed approach is viable for solving practical problems of medium size with nonlinear utility functions.
Abstract 70: P2X7-Induced Thiol-Disulfide Exchange is Critical for the Coupling of Coagulation and Inflammation.

Macrophages are important players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, but promote inflammation through the release of IL1β triggered by danger signals in form of extracellular ATP that activates the purinergic P2X7 receptor. We found that P2X7 signaling also contributes to thrombosis by inducing thiol-dependent tissue factor (TF) activation coupled to procoagulant microparticles (MP) release. In the present study, we identified thiol-regulated proteins released on MP and based on this information delineated key steps in the P2X7-induced generation of prothrombotic TF + MP. We find that TF procoagulant activity of LPS/IFNγ primed macrophages is controlled by internalization through the arf6/integrin-recycling pathway. Activation of P2X7 inactivates arf6 and prevents TF internalization, but additional steps are required to generate highly procoagulant MP carrying TF and integrin β1. Imaging of cell surface TF by confocal microscopy shows translocation of TF onto filopodia that form in response to P2X7 activation. Blocking raft mobility does not inhibit filopodia formation, but rather specifically prevents TF and integrin β1 trafficking and release on MP. We show that filopodia formation is dependent on thioredoxin reductase (TRXR). Remarkably, thioredoxin (TRX), the direct substrate of TRXR, is entirely released from the cytosol. Pharmacological inhibition of TRXR blocks both TRX release and reductive changes on the cell surface and MP, identifying the molecular events that change the extracellular redox environment. TRXR-mediated externalization of TRX was also required for activation of the inflammasome and caspase1 leading to IL1β processing and release. These data elucidate the molecular events required for the generation of highly procoagulant TF + MP and identifies TRXR-TRX dependent thiol-disulfide exchange as common upstream regulator responsible for the induction of inflammation and coagulation in innate immune cells.
The Intersection of Oncology Prognosis and Cancer Rehabilitation.

Purpose of review This review examines the delivery of rehabilitation care to cancer patients with relation to disease prognosis. This includes the evaluation when patients are referred for rehabilitation services and the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions across the cancer continuum.
Considerations for Infectious Disease Research Studies Using Animals

Animal models are vital in understanding the transmission and pathogenesis of infectious organisms and the host immune response to infection. In addition, animal models are essential in vaccine and therapeutic drug development and testing. Prior to selecting an animal model to use when studying an infectious agent, the scientific team must determine that sufficient in vitro and ex vivo data are available to justify performing research in an animal model, that ethical considerations are addressed, and that the data generated from animal work will add useful information to the body of scientific knowledge. Once it is established that an animal should be used, the questions become 'Which animal model is most suitable?' and 'Which experimental design issues should be considered?' The answers to these questions take into account numerous factors, including scientific, practical, welfare, and regulatory considerations, which are the focus of this article.
Slow Oscillation and Random Fluctuation in Quantum Dots: Can we Overcome?

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the optical blinking in QDs, which is quite similar to conductance switching. It also shows how similar the data are on electrical switching and optical blinking. A quantum dot (QD) should have the same coordination number. Taking the coordination number of four as in a crystalline solid of silicon implies an Si QD defined with four coordination numbers, this limits consideration of a cluster of silicon atoms resembling solid silicon. The chapter outlines that the state in a nanoscale QD is similar to a defect. It discovers the effects from light and realizes that the process seems to be caused by a variety of trappings, although the data did not rule out trapping from non-conducting dots, instead of some unknown defects. The main many-body effects can be lumped into one, the Coulomb term normally taken as a small perturbation in atomic and even solid-state physics.
Porous Femoral Fixation in Total Hip Arthroplasty with Short Anatomical Stem: Radiographic Evaluation

BACKGROUND Hip prostheses with short anatomical stems were designed for metaphyseal fixation and to spare bone stock. We present a study of a short anatomical femoral stem used in all age groups of patients with Dorr A and B type of femora. METHODS We reviewed radiographs of 85 hips in 74 patients who had a cementless total hip arthroplasty with a short anatomical 80 mm femoral stem designed to achieve pure metaphyseal fixation. A ream-only technique was used for femoral canal preparation in all patients. At each follow-up, radiological evaluation was performed for stem alignment, proximal metaphyseal fill, subsidence, status of biological fixation of the femoral stem, heterotrophic ossification, radiolucency, osteolysis, and limb length discrepancy of the stem. Acetabular components were evaluated for positioning, acetabular bone coverage, and radiolucent and osteolytic lesions. RESULTS The final mean alignment of femoral stem was 2° valgus. The average intramedullary fill by the stem at the proximal level of the lesser trochanter was 93% in the coronal plane and 88% in the sagittal plane. No components were considered to be undersized. Thirteen hips (15.2%) presented radiolucent lines (10 hips < 1 mm in width and 3 hips [3.5%] 2 mm in width) and 100% of them were not progressive with respect to the last follow-up radiograph. All of the stems had excellent fixation by demonstrating bone ingrowth at the latest follow-up. At the last follow-up, heterotopic ossification was noted in 5 hips. The mean preoperative limb length discrepancy was 9.3 mm and the mean postoperative discrepancy was 3.8 mm. The mean acetabular component angle of the 85 components was 41.2° with a mean anteversion of 22.1°. At the last follow-up, there were no revisions of the femoral component. One patient, 25 months after the index operation, required an acetabular component revision because of recurrent hip dislocation. There were no radiological signs of loosening in any of the short-stem prostheses at the last examination. CONCLUSIONS The short, metaphyseal-fitting anatomic cementless femoral stem provided stable fixation without relying on diaphyseal fixation.
Heats of Formation by Density Functional Theory Calculations

The idea that the heat of formation of an organic molecule may be calculated by the additivity of bond energies goes back for a long time, and the method was reasonably successful. It is limited in a major way if molecules contain strain, because the bond additivities do not in themselves include such strain. However, if the strain is independently determined, it can be added into the calculation. This was done by hand methods years ago by simply assigning a strain energy to a five-membered ring, a different strain energy to a four-membered ring and so on. The method works to a reasonable extent, but the strain energies of all five-membered rings have to be equal, for example, for this method to work. Sometimes this condition is satisfied, but it does not work in general.
Taking the lead

Faced with government inaction, private firms emerge as major players in climate change mitigation
Collaborative practice agreement in solid organ transplantation

Background Given the complexity of solid organ transplant recipients, a multidisciplinary approach is required. To promote medication safety and enable providers to focus on the medical and surgical needs of these patients, our department of pharmacy created a collaborative practice agreement between physicians and pharmacists. Through this agreement, credentialed pharmacists are empowered to provide inpatient services including initiation and adjustment of medications through independent review of laboratory results after multidisciplinary rounds. Objective To evaluate the effect of our collaborative practice agreement on clinical care and institutional finances. Setting An inpatient setting at a large academic medical center. Methods Three transplant pharmacists entered all clinical interventions made on abdominal transplant recipients between September and October 2013 into Quantifi®, a software application that categorizes and assigns a cost savings value based on impact and type of intervention. Main outcome measure The main outcome measures in this study were number and categorization of interventions, as well as estimated cost savings to the institution. Results There were 1060 interventions recorded, an average of 20 interventions per pharmacist per day. The most common interventions were pharmacokinetic evaluations (36%) and dose adjustments (19%). Over the time period, these interventions translated into an estimated savings of $107,634.00, or an annual cost savings of $373,131.20 per pharmacist, or a cost–benefit ratio of 2.65 to the institution. Conclusions Based on our study, implementation of a collaborative practice agreement enables credentialed pharmacists to make clinically and financially meaningful interventions in a complex patient population.
Perspectives on the Theory of Social Evolution

In this chapter I wish to discuss the role of population genetics theory in sociobiology and anthropology and to describe some of the more interesting and useful areas where population genetics and anthropology should interact. As anthropologists we are in a position to make important contributions to sociobiology because of our intricate knowledge of the behavior, social patterns, and population biology of man. These contributions will be most coherent if they address pertinent problems and issues of current evolutionary theory.
The Popular View of Extra Dimensions

The possible existence of extra dimensions of space is one of the few topics of fundamental physics research that is deeply embedded in popular culture. When he was 4 years old, my son found a comic in a bubble gum wrapper that showed a boy wearing two sets of 3-dimensional glasses: the boy was trying to find the sixth dimension. So even 4-year olds know about extra dimensions. There is currently a TV show where characters routinely enter another dimension by stepping through “dimensional rifts.” People of my age will remember a popular singing group from the 1960s called “The Fifth Dimension.” A very popular TV show from the 1950s, “The Twilight Zone,” started with the words “You unlock this door with a key of imagination, beyond it is another dimension…”
C9orf72-FTD/ALS pathogenesis: evidence from human neuropathological studies

What are the most important and treatable pathogenic mechanisms in C9orf72-FTD/ALS? Model-based efforts to address this question are forging ahead at a blistering pace, often with conflicting results. But what does the human neuropathological literature reveal? Here, we provide a critical review of the human studies to date, seeking to highlight key gaps or uncertainties in our knowledge. First, we engage the C9orf72-specific mechanisms, including C9orf72 haploinsufficiency, repeat RNA foci, and dipeptide repeat protein inclusions. We then turn to some of the most prominent C9orf72-associated features, such as TDP-43 loss-of-function, TDP-43 aggregation, and nuclear transport defects. Finally, we review potential disease-modifying epigenetic and genetic factors and the natural history of the disease across the lifespan. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of anatomical precision when studying how candidate mechanisms relate to neuronal, regional, and behavioral findings. We further highlight methodological approaches that may help address lingering knowledge gaps and uncertainties, as well as other logical next steps for the field. We conclude that anatomically oriented human neuropathological studies have a critical role to play in guiding this fast-moving field toward effective new therapies.
Description of the home food environment in Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American and Somali homes with 5-7-year-old children.

OBJECTIVE To categorize the home food environment and dietary intake of young children (5-7 years old) from racially/ethnically diverse households using objectively collected data. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING In-home observations in Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. SUBJECTS Families with 5-7-year-old children who identified as Black, White, Hmong, Latino, Native American or Somali. RESULTS There were many significant differences by race/ethnicity for child dietary intake and for the home food environment, with specific patterns emerging by race/ethnicity. For example, Somali children had high Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, but low daily intakes of fruits and vegetables. Black children had low HEI-2010 scores and a pattern of low intake of healthful foods and high intake of unhealthful foods. White and Latino families had high levels of both healthful and unhealthful home food availability and children with high HEI-2010 scores. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the home food environment of young children varies across racial/ethnic group. Study findings also provide new information regarding the home food environment of young children in previously understudied racial/ethnic groups and indicate that interventions working to improve the home food environment and dietary intake of children may want to consider race/ethnicity.
Auditory nerve fiber segmentation methods for neural activation modeling

Cochlear implants (CIs) are considered the standard-of-care treatment for severe-to-profound, sensorineural hearing loss. The positioning of the array within the cochlea affects which auditory nerve fibers are stimulated by which electrode and is known to affect hearing outcomes. Image-Guided CI Programming (IGCIP) techniques, where estimates of the position of the electrodes relative to the nerve fibers are provided to the programming audiologist, have been shown to lead to significantly improved hearing outcomes. With the current IGCIP approach, assumptions are made about electrical current spread to estimate which fiber groups are activated based on their distance to the electrode. To improve our estimates, we are developing an approach for creating patient-customized, high-resolution, electro-anatomical models of the electrically stimulated cochlea coupled with computational auditory nerve fiber models (ANFMs) to permit physics-based estimation of neural stimulation patterns. In this paper, our goal is to evaluate semi- and fully-automatic techniques for segmenting auditory nerve fibers that will be used in creating ANFMs, as well as to quantify the effect of change in fiber location on the neural activation patterns. Our semi-automatic approach uses path finding algorithms to connect automatically estimated landmarks, and our automatic approach is atlas-based. We found that repeatability in fiber localization with semi-automatic segmentation is 0.1 mm on average and results in modeled activation patterns that have 83% overlap. The difference between the semi-automatic and automatic segmentations led to higher average differences of 0.19 mm and lower activation pattern overlap of 74%.
On Kähler–Einstein surfaces with edge singularities

Abstract In this paper we characterize logarithmic surfaces which admit Kahler–Einstein metrics with negative scalar curvature and small edge singularities along a normal crossing divisor.
Foreword & Introductory Information

There has been a large amount written and spoken about artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and the implications that these technology tools will have on the accounting profession in both the near and long term. One just has to look at the frothy and volatile nature of the cryptocurrency, on top of the introduction of hundreds of new coins, for potential evidence of market conditions overheating. Such a large amount of analysis and speculation may appear to some as the symptoms and stages of a bubble or over excitement in the marketplace, but upon further review this does not appear to be the case. While technology has played an important role in the accounting and finance profession since the beginning of the computer age, there are several fundamental characteristics that differentiate these technologies from earlier iterations. What this book attempts to do, however, is to not only breakdown these sometimes amorphous technology concepts, but also analyze the implications of these technology tools and platforms, and to finally project possible implications of these tools on the financial services profession.
Characterizing the BCR repertoire in immune-mediated diseases.

B cells can assume protective or pathogenic roles in immune-mediated diseases (IMDs). Analysis of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in six IMDs provides insights into the diversity of B cell repertoires across diseases as well as into potential pathological mechanisms and the effects of different treatments.
Coady, M. R. (2019). Connecting school and the multilingual home: theory and practice for rural educators

Questioning our assumptions about multilingual families and reshaping our thinking as educators, from deficit and negative ideologies and stereotypes to actually knowing rural multilingual families...
Genetic profile considerations for induction of allogeneic chimerism as a therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes mellitus

The major therapeutic modality for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains sustaining euglycemia by exogenous administration of insulin. Based on a new understanding of bone marrow structural and functional dynamics, a conditioning-free bone marrow transplantation (BMT), with reduced adverse effects, opens the possibility for evaluating β cell regeneration and restoration of euglycemia by induction of allogeneic chimerism in patients T1DM, as shown in a mouse model. With this therapeutic modality, donor bone marrow (BM) selection based on T1DM-predisposing and preventive phenotypes will improve treatment outcomes by limiting the risk of exacerbating the autoimmune processes in the BM recipient.
Evidence for anti-viral effects of complete Freunds adjuvant in the mouse model of enterovirus infection

Group B Coxsackieviruses belonging to the genus, Enterovirus, contain six serotypes that induce various diseases, whose occurrence may involve the mediation of more than one serotype. We recently identified immunogenic epitopes within CVB3 viral protein 1 that induce antiviral T cell responses in mouse models of CVB infections. In our investigations to determine the protective responses of the viral epitopes, we unexpectedly noted that animals immunized with complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) alone and later challenged with CVB3 were completely protected against myocarditis. Similarly, the pancreatitis inducing ability of CVB3 was remarkably reduced to only 10% in the CFA group as opposed to 73.3% in the control group that received no CFA. Additionally, no mortalities were noted in the CFA group, whereas 40% of control animals died during the course of 21 days post-infection with CVB3. Taken together, our data suggest that the adjuvant effects of CFA may be sufficient for protection against CVB infections. These observations may provide new insights into our understanding of the occurrence of viral infections. One example is Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) as individuals suffering from COVID-19 who have been vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette Guerin appear to have fewer morbidities and mortalities than unvaccinated individuals.
Geospatially Distributed Safety and Performance Benefits for Projects of a Transportation System

Prioritization of system improvements, such as in transportation systems, typically uses multi-objective analysis and cost-benefit analysis but overlooks how geospatial association will influence initiatives. Recent U.S. regulations have mandated project coordination processes that seek opportunities to reduce cost and improve the safety of infrastructure projects by identifying opportunities for collective construction activities. In this paper, a method is developed to evaluate the geospatial factors in the consideration of transportation project prioritization and coordination. The prioritization of projects is intended to effectively administer resources for improving safety through transportation infrastructure projects. A spatial association factor (Gi*) is assigned to projects, identifying the geospatial proximity and ranking of other projects under consideration. This finds opportunities of project coordination and addresses the geographic diversity of safety investments. The approach is demonstrated for a selection of 1,573 intersection improvement projects under consideration by a U.S. state department of transportation. The results and methodology are of interest to systems and enterprises that balance multiple investment projects with geographic attributes.
Age-related estimates of aggregate g-ratio of white matter structures assessed using quantitative magnetic resonance neuroimaging.

The g-ratio, defined as the inner-to-outer diameter of a myelinated axon, is associated with the speed of nerve impulse conduction, and represents an index of axonal myelination and integrity. It has been shown to be a sensitive and specific biomarker of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. However, there have been very few magnetic resonance imaging studies of the g-ratio in the context of normative aging; characterizing regional and time-dependent cerebral changes in g-ratio in cognitively normal subjects will be a crucial step in differentiating normal from abnormal microstructural alterations. In the current study, we investigated age-related differences in aggregate g-ratio, that is, g-ratio averaged over all fibers within regions of interest, in several white matter regions in a cohort of 52 cognitively unimpaired participants ranging in age from 21 to 84 years. We found a quadratic, U-shaped, relationship between aggregate g-ratio and age in most cerebral regions investigated, suggesting myelin maturation until middle age followed by a decrease at older ages. As expected, we observed that these age-related differences vary across different brain regions, with the frontal lobes and parietal lobes exhibiting slightly earlier ages of minimum aggregate g-ratio as compared to more posterior structures such as the occipital lobes and temporal lobes; this agrees with the retrogenesis paradigm. Our results provide evidence for a nonlinear association between age and aggregate g-ratio in a sample of adults from a highly controlled population. Finally, sex differences in aggregate g-ratio were observed in several cerebral regions, with women exhibiting overall lower values as compared to men; this likely reflects the greater myelin content in women's brain, in agreement with recent investigations.
Emancipation and the Ungovernable Self: Psychoanalytic Therapy and Agamben’s Inoperativity

This article depicts the emancipatory element of psychoanalysis in light of Giorgi Agamben’s philosophical notions of inoperativity and the ungovernable self. It is argued that for some patients good-enough psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a process that invites inoperativity with respect to social, political, and economic beliefs and values that undermine public-political self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-respect, which are integral for civic agency and civic trust necessary for speaking and acting together in the polis. In brief, the process of psychoanalytic therapy can give rise to an ungovernable self, relatively free of the hegemonic grammar of the society’s disciplinary regimes. While the consulting room is entwined with the political, it is potentially an emancipatory process that gives rise to ungovernable selves.
Higher Admission Frailty Scores Predict Increased Mortality, Morbidity, and Healthcare Utilization in the Elderly Burn Population.

The Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale is a validated rapid assessment of frailty phenotype and predictor of mortality in the geriatric population. Using data from a large tertiary care burn center, we assessed the association between admission frailty in an elderly burn population and inpatient outcomes. This was a retrospective analysis of burn patients ≥ 65 years from 2015-2019. Patients were assigned to frailty subgroups based on comprehensive medical, social work, and therapy assessments. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate associations between admission frailty and 30-day inpatient mortality. Our study included 644 patients (low frailty: 262, moderate frailty: 345, and high frailty: 37). Frailty was associated with higher median TBSA and age at admission. The 30-day cumulative incidence of mortality was 2.3%, 7.0%, and 24.3% among the low, moderate, and high frailty strata, respectively. After adjustment for age, TBSA, and inhalation injury, high frailty was associated with increased 30-day mortality, compared to low (HR 5.73; 95% CI 1.86, 17.62). Moderate frailty also appeared to increase 30-day mortality, although estimates were imprecise (HR 2.19; 95% CI 0.87-5.50). High frailty was associated with increased morbidity and healthcare utilization, including need for intensive care stay (68% vs 37% and 21%, p<0.001) and rehab or care facility at discharge (41% vs 25% and 6%, p<0.001), compared to moderate and low frailty subgroups. Our findings emphasize the need to consider pre-injury physiological state and the increased risk of death and morbidity in the elderly burn population.
Public Interest: EEG Implants

Society acts according to the public interest. Products and technologies are integrated into society based on their value in people’s lives. Nueralink is developing an EEG implant that can bring many useful features to the public. This work explores the technological feasibility of a brain implant becoming a mainstream product as accepted by the public, and presents capabilities that are possible with such a device that would benefit people’s daily lives. The paper concludes that a brain implant will likely be adopted into the mainstream in the future due to its many functional benefits like driving assistance, vision enhancements, paralysis cures, and human-computer interaction benefits.
Identifying and Supporting the Needs of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Residents Interested in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship.

BACKGROUND Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) became a subspecialty of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) in 2016. Starting in 2019, residency graduates are required to complete fellowship training to qualify for PHM board eligibility. These requirements pose unique challenges to internal medicine-pediatrics (med-peds) residents interested in practicing combined adult hospital medicine (HM) and PHM. OBJECTIVE To describe the needs of med-peds residents interested in PHM fellowship training and how the current PHM training environment can meet these needs. METHODS We conducted two cross-sectional electronic survey studies: one of med-peds residents and one of PHM fellowship program directors (FDs). Surveys were distributed to resident and FD listservs. Questions were designed using an iterative consensus process among authors. Responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS Four hundred sixty-six residents responded to the resident survey. Ninety-six percent (n = 446) had considered a career in HM. Almost all (n = 456, 97.9%) respondents indicated a preference for a fellowship with both adult HM and PHM clinical training. Subspecialty designation decreased desire to pursue a career including PHM for 90.1% of respondents. Twenty-eight (58.3%) FDs responded to the FD survey. Fifteen (53.6%) programs reported being able to accommodate adult HM and PHM clinical time. CONCLUSION The majority of resident respondents reported a desire for a PHM fellowship with clinical time in both PHM and adult HM. Approximately 30% of current US PHM fellowship programs can accommodate adult HM practice for med-peds fellows, and many other programs would be willing to explore such opportunities.
Inbreeding depression rates for six synthetic populations of maize

The objective of Inbreeding In maize (Zea mays L.) Is to develop pure lines that are used to repeatedly produce an elite hybrid. Inbreeding In maize is accompanied by a reduction In the mean phenotyplc value for most traits. This reduction in the mean is frustrating to the breeder whose goal is to develop higher yielding more vigorous lines. Any reduction in the mean is caused by an increased number of loci in an individual becoming identical by descent from a common ancestor. This genetic phenomena is known as inbreeding depression. Little empirical information was available to determine how inbreeding depression rates may have been changed by recurrent selection in maize populations. The objectives of this study were threefold: determine the relative inbreeding depression rates for 16 plant and ear traits in six synthetic maize populations; determine the relative merit of two distinctly different long-term recurrent selection programs in BSSS for changing inbreeding depression rates; and determine if the linear (additive) model explained the variation among the generation means for BSSS and BSCBl and the Improved populations BS13(S)C3, BSSS(R)C9, and BSCBl(R)C9. The population per se and seven bulked inbred subpopulations (S^ to S7) of BS13(S)C3, BSSS(R)C9, BSCB1(R)C9, BS26, BSCB1(R)C0, and BSSSCO were available for evaluation. Inbred lines B14 and B73 were Included to provide 50 entries for the study. The Inbred lines were developed from each population using a modified single seed descent procedure. Selection was not practiced during the inbreeding process so that allele