cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive pattern mining on hidden data: a sampling-based solution

Mining frequent patterns from a hidden dataset is an important task with 43 various real-life applications. In this research, we propose a solution to this problem that is based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of frequent patterns. Instead of returning all the frequent patterns, the proposed paradigm returns a small set of randomly selected patterns so that the clandestinity of the dataset can be maintained. Our solution also allows interactive sampling, so that the sampled patterns can fulfill the user's requirement effectively. We show experimental results from several real life datasets to validate the capability and usefulness of our solution; in particular, we show examples that by using our proposed solution, an eCommerce marketplace can allow pattern mining on user session data without disclosing the data to the public; such a mining paradigm helps the sellers of the marketplace, which eventually boost the marketplace's own revenue.
Improving Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Estimates for the Atlantic Ocean (1988–99) by a Synthesis Approach*

A new daily latent and sensible flux product developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) with 1 83 18 resolution for the Atlantic Ocean (658S‐658N) for the period from 1988 to 1999 was presented. The flux product was developed by using a variational objective analysis approach to obtain best estimates of the flux-related basic surface meteorological variables (e.g., wind speed, air humidity, air temperature, and sea surface temperature) through synthesizing satellite data and outputs of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The state-of-the-art bulk flux algorithm 2.6a, developed from the field experiments of the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE), was applied to compute the flux fields. The study focused on analyzing the mean field properties of the WHOI daily latent and sensible heat fluxes and their comparisons with the ship-based climatology from the Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) and NWP outputs. It is found that the WHOI yearly mean fluxes are consistent with the SOC climatology in both structure and amplitude, but the WHOI yearly mean basic variables are not always consistent with SOC; the better agreement in the fluxes is due to the effects of error compensation during variable combinations. Both ECMWF and NCEP‐Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) Reanalysis-2 (NCEP2) model data have larger turbulent heat loss (; 20 Wm 22) than the WHOI product. Nevertheless, the WHOI fluxes agree well with the NCEP-2 Reanalysis fluxes in structure and the trend of year-toyear variations, but not with the ECMWF operational outputs; the latter have a few abrupt changes coinciding with the modifications in the model forecast‐analysis system. The degree of impact of the model changes on the basic variables is not as dramatic, a factor that justifies the inclusion of the basic variables, not the fluxes, from the ECMWF operational model in the synthesis. The flux algorithms of the two NWP models give a larger latent and sensible heat loss. Recalculating the NWP fluxes using the COARE algorithm considerably reduces the strength but does not replicate the WHOI results. The present analysis could not quantify the degree of improvement in the mean aspect of the WHOI daily flux fields as accurate basinwide verification data are lacking. This study is the first to demonstrate that the synthesis approach is a useful tool for combining the NWP and satellite data sources and improving the mean representativeness of daily basic variable fields and, hence, the daily flux fields. It is anticipated that such an approach may become increasingly relied upon in the preparation of future high-quality flux products.
"Can I Major in Service-Learning?" An Empirical Analysis of Certificates, Minors, and Majors

This article examines the rise of programs in higher education that award certificates, minors, and/or majors in service-learning. Using Vaughn and Seifer (2008) as a foundation, this study documented and analyzed a total of thirty-one academic programs that had service-learning at its academic core. Findings from this study suggest that there is indeed a coherent (though far from stable) “field” of service-learning. Moreover, the findings suggest that the strength and structure of a program is strongly dependent on its status; i.e., there is a deep dividing line between certificate programs and minors and majors. This has implications for how service-learning scholars and practitioners talk about and thus organize themselves, their field, and their body of core knowledge. The article concludes by highlighting key programmatic and curricular features, examining the status of service-learning as a distinct discipline and drawing forth implications for institutions considering developing service-learning ce...
Legal Consequences of Damages to Underground Facilities by Horizontal Directional Drilling

Horizontal directional drilling is rapidly becoming the method of choice for installing new underground systems including water, sewer, electrical, telephone, fiber-optic cables, and gas lines. Due to its minimal impact to surface activities and competitive cost, this technique is being utilized worldwide. Unfortunately, poor drilling practices by some contractors have caused utility strikes that have resulted in major legal ramifications and subsequent negative image of the technique. Just one incident alone can result in significant monetary judgments due not only to the reparation for repairing the damaged utility, but also for damages due to “loss of use.” This paper presents theories of legal liability and recoverable damages applied to incidents of damages to underground facilities by the contractor. Recommendations for preventing the repetition of these types of incidents through the discussion of prior identification of potential hazards and proper drilling practices are discussed.
Growth of Geobacter sulfurreducens under nutrient-limiting conditions in continuous culture

A system for growing Geobacter sulfurreducens under anaerobic conditions in chemostats was developed in order to study the physiology of this organism under conditions that might more closely approximate those found in the subsurface than batch cultures. Geobacter sulfurreducens could be cultured under acetate-limiting conditions with fumarate or Fe(III)-citrate as the electron acceptor at growth rates between 0.04 and 0.09 h(-1). The molar growth yield was threefold higher with fumarate as the electron acceptor than with Fe(III), despite the lower mid-point potential of the fumarate/succinate redox couple. When growth was limited by availability of fumarate, high steady-state concentrations were detected, suggesting that fumarate is unlikely to be an important electron acceptor in sedimentary environments. The half-saturation constant, Ks, for acetate in Fe(III)-grown cultures (10 microM) suggested that the growth of Geobacter species is likely to be acetate limited in most subsurface sediments, but that when millimolar quantities of acetate are added to the subsurface in order to promote the growth of Geobacter for bioremediation applications, this should be enough to overcome any acetate limitations. When the availability of electron acceptors, rather than acetate, limited growth, G. sulfurreducens was less efficient in incorporating acetate into biomass but had higher respiration rates, a desirable physiological characteristic when adding acetate to stimulate the activity of Geobacter species during in situ uranium bioremediation. These results demonstrate that the ability to study the growth of G. sulfurreducens under steady-state conditions can provide insights into its physiological characteristics that have relevance for its activity in a diversity of sedimentary environments.
Monitoring arsenic in the environment: a review of science and technologies with the potential for field measurements

This review examines available field assays and other technologies with the potential to measure and monitor arsenic in the environment. The strengths and weaknesses of the various assays are discussed with respect to their sensitivity, ability to detect the chemical states of arsenic, performance in various media, potential interferences, and ease of operation. The state of the science and development efforts of selected technologies is presented.
The Thermodynamics of an Elastic Solid

1. We consider a small cube of the solid, of edge l, in the actual strained position. If the stresses were removed and the cube cooled to the absolute zero, the displacements of its particles would be (−u, −v, −w). Then the particles may be considered to have displacements (u, v, w) from a standard position; and the cube has strain components of the usual forms
Ion implantation in semiconductors&#8212;Part II: Damage production and annealing

Radiation damage is produced in a crystalline target whenever a moving ion transfers sufficient energy to a target atom to displace it from its lattice site. For conditions of practical importance in ion implantation, the radiation damage produced by the injected ions is severe, and the crystal must be carefully Annealed if the chemical effects of the implanted ions are to dominate the residual damage. The purpose of this paper is to review work that has been performed over the past several years in an effort to understand implantation-produced damage and its annealing characteristics, especially in silicon. The subject is developed as follows. A qualitative description of the damage produced by an implanted ion is presented in Section I, followed by a partial inventory of the basic defects that are found in ion-implanted silicon (Section II). The structure of individual damage clusters produced by both heavy and light ions is then described in Section III, where theoretical predictions are compared to a variety of experimental data. This is followed with a section on the depth distribution of defects and damage clusters (Section IV); and the paper is then concluded with a section on the annealing characteristics of implantation-produced damage (Section V). The development is organized to give primary emphasis to those facts and ideas that are essential for applications of ion implantation in the fabrication of MOS and junction devices in silicon. A future paper will review the state of the art in compound semiconductors.
Planar area location/layout problem in the presence of generalized congested regions with the rectilinear distance metric

This paper considers the problem of placing a single rectangular Generalized Congested Region (GCR) of given area but unknown dimensions in the presence of other rectangular GCRs, where the edges of the rectangles are parallel to the travel axes. GCRs are closed and bounded regions in ℛ2 in which facility location is prohibited but through travel is allowed at an additional cost per unit distance. An interactive model is considered in which there is interaction not only between the Input/Output (I/O) point of the new GCR and the I/O points (of the existing GCRs) but between the existing I/O points themselves. Two versions of the problem are considered when: (i) the I/O point of the new GCR is located on its boundary but its exact location has to be determined; and (ii) the I/O point is located inside the new GCR at its centroid. The feasible region is divided into cells obtained by drawing a grid. We analyze the problem based on whether or not the new GCR's placement intersects gridlines. When the new GCR...
The micromechanics theory of classical plates: a congruous estimate of overall elastic stiffness

Abstract A micromechanics theory is set forth for classical, or Love–Kirchhoff plate. A generalized eigenstrain theory, an eigen-curvature formulation, is proposed, which can be viewed as the analogue, or counterpart of the eigenstrain formulation in linear elasticity. This thin plate version of micromechanics is capable of dealing with heterogeneous inclusions, or inhomogeneities, whose size is comparable with the thickness of thin plates, under these circumstances, the continuum micromechanics theory is no longer applicable. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the solution of the elliptical inclusion in an infinite thin plate is revised. In the second part, several variational inequalities of the Love–Kirchhoff plate are derived, including a Hashin–Shtrikman/Talbot–Willis type principle. In the third part, as an application, exact variational estimates are given to bound the effective elastic stiffness, and a self-consistent scheme is also discussed. The newly derived bounds are congruous with Love–Kirchhoff plate theory, i.e. they are genetic to the governing equations of Love–Kirchhoff plate. They may serve as the alternatives together with the Hashin–Shtrikman bounds in linear elastostatics in the design process of composite plates.
Analyzing the Global Political Economy

The article reviews the book "Analyzing the Global Political Economy," by Andrew Walter and Gautem Sen.
Contribution of Ser386 and Ser396 to Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3

IRF-3, a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors, functions in innate immune defense against viral infection. Upon infection, host cell IRF-3 is activated by phosphorylation at its seven C-terminal Ser/Thr residues: (385)SSLENTVDLHISNSHPLSLTS(405). This phosphoactivation triggers IRF-3 to react with the coactivators, CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300, to form a complex that activates target genes in the nucleus. However, the role of each phosphorylation site for IRF-3 phosphoactivation remains unresolved. To address this issue, all seven Ser/Thr potential phosphorylation sites were screened by mutational studies, size-exclusion chromatography, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Using purified proteins, we show that CBP (amino acid residues 2067-2112) interacts directly with IRF-3 (173-427) and six of its single-site mutants to form heterodimers, but when CBP interacts with IRF-3 S396D, oligomerization is evident. CBP also interacts in vitro with IRF-3 double-site mutants to form different levels of oligomerization. Among all the single-site mutants, IRF-3 S396D showed the strongest binding to CBP. Although IRF-3 S386D alone did not interact as strongly with CBP as did other mutants, it strengthened the interaction and oligomerization of IRF-3 S396D with CBP. In contrast, IRF-3 S385D weakened the interaction and oligomerization of IRF-3 S396D and S386/396D with CBP. Thus, it appears that Ser385 and Ser386 serve antagonistic functions in regulating IRF-3 phosphoactivation. These results indicate that Ser386 and Ser396 are critical for IRF-3 activation, and support a phosphorylation-oligomerization model for IRF-3 activation.
Correlation of the apparent affinities and efficacies of γ-aminobutyric acid(C) receptor agonists

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (TACA), muscimol, imidazole-4-acetic acid (I4AA),cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA), and isoguvacine are all GABAC receptor agonists. These compounds have different apparent sensitivities (EC50) and efficacies (Imax) on exogenously expressed human ρ1 homomeric GABAC receptors. It is not clear if these differences are due to distinct binding affinities and/or distinct gating kinetics. In this study, using a recently developed single oocyte binding technique, we determined the apparent dissociation constants (Ki values) of these compounds from their IC50 values for [3H]GABA displacement. The apparent Ki values fell into two distinct groups. The high affinity group was comprised of agonists with longer distances between the nitrogen atom of the amino or imidazole group and the carbon atom of the carboxyl or isoxazole group. The single oocyte binding technique, in conjunction with two-electrode voltage clamp, has allowed a direct correlation of the apparent affinity, efficacy, and potency of agonists on intact functional GABAC receptors. The correlation and coupling of these parameters are discussed in terms of a simple proposed activation mechanism.
Understanding And Confronting Alcohol-Induced Risky Behavior Among College Students

Confronting alcohol abuse is a challenge for most higher education institutions. Each year, students are admitted to hospitals for issues arising from the misuse of alcohol. The deaths of some engaged in alcohol related activities is especially worrisome. Factors such as age and financial standing could impact the likelihood of abuse. So-called drinking “games” have potentially altered student perceptions of alcohol consumption and may lead to reckless behavior. This study looks at perceptions of alcohol use among college students and investigates the level of support a late night shuttle system might garner if offered to students on a college campus.
Qué Puede Aprender Chile De La Experiencia De Otros Tribunales Ambientales En El Mundo? (What Can Chile Learn from the Experience of Other Environmental Courts Around the World?)

Spanish Abstract: El presente articulo aborda un analisis comparado de la Institucion de los Tribunales Ambientales, a la luz de su reciente incorporacion al ordenamiento juridico chileno. Para ello, presenta similitudes y diferencias con tribunales especializados de igual naturaleza principalmente de Estados Unidos, Costa Rica y Australia, entre otros, analizando su funcionamiento y puesta marcha, con el objeto de formular sugerencias para un mejor desempeno de los tribunales ambientales recientemente creados en nuestro pais. English Abstract: This article makes a comparative analysis of environmental tribunals, in light of the recent incorporation of environmental law in the Chilean legal system. The paper discusses the similarities and differences of analogous specialized courts in the U.S., Costa Rica and Australia, among other countries, and analyzes their function and proceedings in order to develop proposals for improving the performance of the newly created environmental courts in our country.
Three-Dimensional Neuroimaging Using Octree Encoding.

Abstract As part of an effort to design an expert system for interpreting images of the nervous system, we have developed computer programs to display and manipulate three-dimensional images. Tissues of differing radiodensities, include soft tissues can be extracted without the need for human tracing, and composite images of structures of different densities may be built. The method is applicable to any digital imaging modality (CT, MRI, local cerebral blood flow, or PET). All programming was done in the C programming language under the UNIX operating system.
False lumen embolization to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation after thoracic endovascular aortic repair of type B aortic dissection

Purpose: To present a rare case of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and its novel treatment. Case Report: A 55-year-old man presented w...
Determinants of Successful Frontline Process Improvement: Action versus Analysis

Senior manager participation is a key success driver for process improvement programs. To increase their participation, we designed an intervention in which senior managers worked with frontline staff to identify and solve safety-related problems over an 18-month period. On average, the 20 randomly selected treatment hospitals identified 17.3 problems per work area and solved 9.1 of these. However, their readmission rates and percentage increase in nurses’ perceptions of safety improvement were no better than 48 control hospitals’. Thus, we investigated drivers of successful program implementation within the set of treatment hospitals. We found that managers from hospitals with low and high perceived improvement identified similar numbers of problems. However, high perceived improvement hospitals took action on more problems. We found no benefit from selecting problems with the highest benefit-to-cost ratios because there was a flat landscape for problems’ benefit-to-cost ratios. Thus, for safety improvement in hospitals, allocating resources to search for and select high benefit/cost problems appears to be of limited benefit versus allocating resources to take action on known problems. This approach also aligns with how managers actually selected problems for resolution efforts: problems that were easy to solve were more likely to be selected.
The Overt Behavior of Chronic Schizophrenics and Its Relationship to Their Internal State and Personal History

(1966). The Overt Behavior of Chronic Schizophrenics and Its Relationship to Their Internal State and Personal History. Psychiatry: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 67-77.
Abstract 5089: Comparison of treatment results between two fractionation schedules of high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) in patients with cervical cancer: A prospective cohort study

Purpose: To compare the treatment results of two fractionation schedules for high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: From June 2001 through December 2008, 321 patients with Stage IB-IVA cervical cancer were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent pelvic irradiation and HDR-ICBT. The median central dose and parametrial dose were 39.6 Gy and 45 Gy, respectively. Patient underwent either 6 Gy × 4 (HDR-4) (n=168) or 4.5 Gy × 6 (HDR-6) (n=153) to point A of ICBT twice per week. The biologically effective doses (BED) of point A were 38.4 and 39.15 Gy 10 in HDR-4 and HDR-6 group, respectively. The rates of overall survival, local control, distant failure, proctitis, cystitis, and enterocolitis were compared between HDR-4 and HDR-6. Results: There were no significant differences of demographic data between HDR-4 and HDR-6 except of total treatment time. The median follow-up time was 40.6 months (range 1.7-95.4). The 5-year proctitis rates were 21.7% and 22.3% in HDR-4 and HDR-6 (p = 0.417), respectively. The corresponding rates of Grade 2-4 proctitis were 15.9% and 9.7% (p = 0.120). The corresponding rates of Grade 3-4 proctitis were 4.3% and 3.1% (p = 0.804). Subgroup analysis in patients with age ≥ 63 years revealed that 5-year Grade 2-4 proctitis rates were 23.4% and 5.5% (p = 0.013) in HDR-4 and HDR-6, respectively. The corresponding rates in patients with age Conclusion: Small fraction size of HDR-ICBT decreases Grade 2-4 proctitis in elderly patients. The schedule is suggested in those patients who tolerate additional two applications of HDR-ICBT. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5089. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5089
SNL Sigma Off-Gas Team Contribution to the FY15 DOE/NE-MRWFD Campaign Accomplishments Report.

This program at Sandia is focused on Iodine waste form development for Fuel Cycle R&D needs. Our research has a general theme of “Capture and Storage of Iodine Fission Gas “ in which we are focused on silver loaded zeolite waste forms, evaluation of iodine loaded getter materials (eg., mordenite zeolite), and the development of low temperature glass waste forms that successfully incorporate iodine loaded getter materials from I2, organic iodide, etc. containing off-gas streams.
408 TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR α PRODUCTION IN NEONATAL HOST DEFENSE.

Human neonates are uniquely susceptible to severe and overwhelming infections. The mechanism of this increased susceptibility is poorly understood. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to host defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signal-transducing receptors that initiate and regulate cytokine production during inflammation. Here we examine the expression of TNF-α in cord blood after stimulation with the ligands for TLR-1 to -7. Whole blood was obtained from healthy adults and umbilical cord blood from healthy term deliveries. TNF-α production was measured in whole blood using Luminex multianalyte technology. The following TLR ligands were used: TLR-1 and -2 (PAM3CSK4), TLRs-2 and -6 (Zymosan), TLR-3 (Poly I:C), TLR-4 (LPS), TLR-5 (flagellin), and TLR-7 (Loxoribine). Adult and cord blood produce similar amounts of TNF-α in response to TLR-1 and -2 (adult: 20 pg/mL; cord: 19 pg/mL) TLR-3 and -6 (adult: 60 pg/mL; cord: 12 pg/mL), TLR-3 (adult: 14 pg/mL; cord: 2.9 pg/mL), TLR-5 (adult: 16 pg/mL; cord: 2 pg/mL), and TLR-7 (adult: 3 pg/mL; cord: 1.1 pg/mL). The TNF-α production in response to LPS, the ligand for TLR-4, however, was significantly lower in cord blood (450 pg/mL) than adult blood (733 pg/mL) (p = .025). While the highest overall production of TNF-α by cord blood was through TLR-4, peak concentrations were significantly lower than adults. We speculate that this deficiency in TLR-4 signaling may significantly contribute to the immaturity of the neonatal immune response and their increased susceptibility to infections.
Seroepidemiological investigation of the hepatitis E in rural residents of Bozhou city

Objective To know about the epidemic situation of HEV among rural residents in Bozhou city,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control measures of HEV,as well as vaccine immunization strategies. Methods Using multi- stage random sampling method to extract 1595 research cases from the administrative villages,and using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay to detect the IgG antibody of HEV of the research objects. Results The positive rate of IgG antibody of HEV in the survey was 14. 98%,and it was statistically significant higher in female [17. 21%( 149 /866) ] than in male [12. 35%( 90 /729) ]( χ2= 7. 34,P 0. 05). Compare the positive rates between region,educational level, occupation,age groups,results showed that the differences were statistically significant. Besides,the positive rate of IgG antibody rose along with the age growth. Conclusion The infection rate of HEV in Bozhou rural residents was associated with gender,region,age,occupation and education level. The epidemic trend of HEV can not be allow ignored and the monitoring and control of HEV should be strengthen.
TU-H-BRB-00: Radiation Countermeasures Research and Development

The US government has substantial research and development activities underway for medical countermeasures that will insure the long-term safety and survival of the country's population after unfortunate large-scale biological, chemical and radiological and nuclear events. Preparedness includes research and development of medical countermeasures to address radiation-induced cutaneous and internal injury from radiation and nuclear events as well as for minimizing radiation risks incurred during and after travel in space. Other important research and development efforts include the repurposing of countermeasures and development of radioprotectors and mitigators to improve the outcome of radiation treatment. Participating agencies include NIAID, BARDA, NCI, and NASA, with examples of research and development funding that includes the Centers for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation (CMCR) consortia (NIAID) and primary and sub-contracts with commercial entities (BARDA). Each of these programs requires substantial medical and health physics effort in collaboration with biology colleagues to provide a range of radiation sources, dosimetry instrumentation and assessment methods, and animal models for specific radiation-induced effects and injuries. Radiation countermeasure activities for government agencies will be reviewed, the importance of model development will be stressed, example radiation countermeasure research projects will be reviewed, and the roles for medical physicists will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.Review US national radiation countermeasure activities. 2.Review the roles for medical physicists in radiation countermeasures research and development. 3.Understand specific physics challenges in radiation research that need solutions. Research for JD Bourland supported in part by: NIH/NIAID, U19 AI67798 (subcontract 131714). NIH/NCI, R01CA155293. HHSO10020130019C, BARDA/Argentum Medical LLC.; J. Bourland, Research supported in part by: NIH/NIAID, U19 AI67798 (subcontract 131714); NIH/NCI, R01CA155293; HHSO10020130019C, BARDA/Argentum Medical LLC.; P. Prasanna, Supported by the Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute
Effectiveness of Palivizumab in High-risk Infants and Children: A Propensity Score Weighted Regression Analysis.

Background:Infants with premature birth ≤35 weeks gestational age, chronic lung disease of prematurity and congenital heart disease are at an increased risk for lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which has been shown in randomized trials to
Electrochemical Detection of Escherichia coli from Aqueous Samples Using Engineered Phages.

In this study, an enzyme-based electrochemical method was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the T7 bacteriophages engineered with lacZ operon encoding for beta-galactosidase (β-gal). The T7lacZ phages can infect E. coli, and have the ability to trigger the overexpression of β-gal during the infection of E. coli. The use of the engineered phages resulted in a more sensitive detection of E. coli by (1) overexpression of β-gal in E. coli during the specific infection and (2) release of the endogenous intracellular β-gal from E. coli following infection. The endogenous and phage-induced β-gal was detected using the electrochemical method with 4-aminophenyl-β-galactopyranoside (PAPG) as a substrate. The β-gal catalyzed PAPG to an electroactive species p-aminophenol (PAP) which could be monitored on an electrode. The electrochemical signal was proportional to the concentration of E. coli in the original sample. We demonstrated the application of our strategy in aqueous samples (dri...
Assessing Hurricane Intensity Using Satellites

Tropical cyclones spend most of their life cycle over the tropical and subtropical oceans. Because of the lack of in situ data in these regions, satellite observations are fundamental for tracking and estimating the intensity of these storms for real-time forecasting and monitoring climate trends. This chapter reviews methods for estimating tropical cyclone intensity from satellites, including those based on visible, infrared, and microwave instruments. Satellite intensity estimates are transitioning from subjective to objective methods, and new instruments on the next generation of NOAA low-earth orbiting and geostationary satellites hold promise for continued improvement in satellite analysis of tropical cyclones.
Guanosine nucleotides regulate hormone binding of insulin receptors.

Abstract Insulin receptors in turkey erythrocyte and rat adipocyte plasma membranes display non-linear hormone binding by Scatchard analysis. This result is consistent with evidence that the insulin-binding sites are heterogeneous and have at least two affinities for the hormone. Mild reduction of plasma membranes with dithiothreitol, before insulin binding, increased the fraction of hormone binding with high affinity without significantly changing the total number of receptor-binding sites. In the presence of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, the amount of receptor with high affinity for insulin in the reduced membranes decreased to that present in the absence of reduction; the effect of the nucleotide was concentration- and temperature-dependent. This decrease in insulin binding was specific for guanine nucleotides.
Continuum of co-teaching implementation: Moving from traditional student teaching to co-teaching

Abstract This mixed methods study examines the implementation of co-teaching as a model for the teacher education field experience. Participants included eight co-teaching pairs with the goal of determining the extent to which co-teaching occurred, conditions for success, and barriers to implementation. The authors posit that a continuum exists relative to co-teaching implementation with the cooperating teacher’s view of his/her role and the purpose of the field experience contributing to where each pair fell on this continuum. This study provides insight into the conditions necessary for coteaching as well as factors that inhibited pairs from moving beyond traditional student teaching.
Ex Vivo Reconstruction and Autotransplantation for Hilar Renal Artery Aneurysms in Patients with Congenital Anomalies.

Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are an uncommon finding but are more often associated with other congenital disorders. The complex (hilar) RAAs constitute a subset of RAAs that present a therapeutic dilemma for the vascular surgeon because of their anatomic location. This dilemma worsens when hilar RAAs occur with a solitary kidney where organ preservation is vital. Ex vivo reconstruction with autotransplantation is especially suitable for hilar RAAs, even when they are associated with a solitary kidney. We report 2 of such cases of RAAs with a solitary kidney in patients with pertinent congenital anomalies. In 1 case, the hilar RAA was associated with a significant accessory renal artery, whereas in the other case, the hilar RAA was associated with a significant connective tissue disorder. Ex vivo reconstruction and autotransplantation was successful in both cases; however, treatment modalities had to be adapted to the patient's unique conditions.
Let's Have More Choice in Accounting Education: A Look at Some Economic and Ethical Issues

Accounting education has become quite rigid, mostly because it is structured along the lines of a monopoly. The American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) has been granted a national monopoly by the Department of Education to accredit business programs and the six regional accreditation agencies have a similar monopoly for their regions of the country. Curriculum is structured along the lines of a top-down system. The author argues for more flexibility in curriculum requirements using a bottom-up approach that is more consumer driven.
Markets or Mercantilism?: How China Secures Its Energy Supplies

Since oil began fueling the global economy, governments have employed policies of “energy mercantilism” to secure access to this key input. Critics of these policies claim they are unnecessary beca...
Passing the Baton.

Succession planning requires an order or sequence, a degree of foresight and desire for permanence. Succession planning, by its very nature, implies a continuance that has been eschewed in every other aspect of business.
Lack of CFTR in CD3+ Lymphocytes Leads to Aberrant Cytokine Secretion and Hyper-Inflammatory Adaptive Immune Responses: A Master's Thesis

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most common fatal monogenic disease in the US, affecting 1 in 3,300 live births. CF is the result of mutations in CFTR, a chloride channel and regulator of other ion channels.The mechanisms by which CFTR mutations cause chronic lung disease in CF are not fully defined, but may include the combined effects of altered ion and water transport across the airway epithelium and aberrant inflammatory and immune responses to pathogens within the airways. We have shown that Cftr-/mice mount an exaggerated IgE response towards Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) when compared to Cftr+/+ mice. Along with the increased IgE levels, the Cftr-/mice had higher levels of IL-13 and IL-4, mimicking both the Th-2 biased immune responses and predilection to mounting Af-specifc IgE seen in CF patients. Herein we hypothesize that these immune aberrations are primarily due to the lack of Cftr expression in lymphocytes rather than with Cftr deficiency in the epithelium. Results: Our results indicate that adoptive transfer experiments with Cf splenocytes confer higher IgE response to Af in host mice as compared to hosts receiving wild-type splenocytes. The predilection of Cftr-deficient lymphocytes to mount Th2 responses was confirmed by in vitro antigen recall experiments, where higher levels of IL-13 and IL-4 where seen only in the presence of Cftrdeficient lymphocytes. Conclusive data on this phenomenon were obtained with conditional Cftr knockout mice, where mice lacking Cftr in T-cell lineages developed the higher IgE titers as compared to their wild-type littermate controls.
Monte Carlo calculation and verification of the geometrical factors for the NPDGamma experiment

Abstract The NPDGamma experiment measures the parity-violating asymmetry in γ -ray emission in the capture of polarized neutrons on liquid parahydrogen. The sensitivity to the asymmetry for each detector in the array is used as a parameter in the extraction of the physics asymmetry from the measured data. The detector array is approximately cylindrically symmetric around the target and a step-wise sinusoidal function has been used for the sensitivity in the previous iteration of the NPDGamma experiment, but deviations from cylindrical symmetry necessitate the use of a Monte Carlo model to determine corrections to the geometrical factors. For the calculations, source code modifications to MCNPX were done in order to calculate the sensitivity of each cesium iodide detector to the physics asymmetry. We describe the MCNPX model and results from calculations and how the results are validated through measurement of the parity violating asymmetry of γ -rays from neutron capture on chlorine.
Simplifying wireless social caching

Social groups give the opportunity for a new form of caching. In this paper, we investigate how a social group of users can jointly optimize bandwidth usage, by each caching parts of the data demand, and then opportunistically share these parts among them upon meeting. We formulate this problem as a Linear Program (LP) with exponential complexity. Based on the optimal solution, we propose a simple heuristic inspired by the bipartite set-cover problem that operates in polynomial time. Furthermore, we prove a worst case gap between the heuristic and the LP solutions. Finally, we assess the performance of our algorithm using real-world mobility traces from the MIT Reality Mining project dataset.
Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of National Turfgrass Performance Trials: I. Interpretation of Genotype × Environment Interaction

The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis has been shown to be effective in understanding complex genotype x environment (GE) interactions typical of National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) variety trials. Interactions in such complex data sets are difficult to understand with ordinary analysis of variance (ANOVA). NTEP relies on ANOVA procedures (the basis of which is an additive model that does not sub-partition the interaction) for analysis of turf quality data. As a result, interactions have been largely ignored in turfgrass evaluation programs. The objective of this research was to target GE interactions with AMMI and NTEP data in order to understand why genotypes interact with environments. The 1990 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) variety trials were analyzed. Interaction patterns revealed by AMMI biplots indicated Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass genotypes are narrowly adapted because no genotype has superior performance in all environments (broad adaptability). In both trials, GE interactions could be explained in biologically meaningful terms in part by cultural intensity level (mowing height and nitrogen level) and disease resistance (leaf spot or brown patch). Some NTEP locations (Ames, IA; Beltsville, MD; East Lansing, MI; and Martinsville, NJ) were highly predictable in year-to-year interaction with genotypes (making cultivar recommendations more predictable), other locations were less predictable (Carbondale, IL; Lexington, KY; Post Falls, ID; and North Brunswick, NJ). NTEP locations were consistent in their interaction with genotypes across species. Environments interacted with genotypes according to a cultural intensity gradient (mowing height and fertilizer nitrogen). Climatic factors were not important in explaining GE interactions. Results suggest the potential to subdivide bluegrass and ryegrass growing regions into homogenous subregions (having similar interaction patterns and cultivar recommendations) that can be altered by cultural practices.
CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH VALVULAR DYSFUNCTION AMONG CANCER PATIENTS

Novel cancer therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors have improved the life expectancy of many cancer patients. However, they have also been associated with the development of myocarditis and (in rare cases) new onset heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if checkpoint inhibitor
Establishing Requirements Using RFP and RFI

Organizations may need to create formal documents that articulate the needs they have for a software solution. These formal documents or requirements could be either for a package solution or for customized development or both. There are of course intricacies to creating these documents which also need to address related needs such as project management, ownership, quality assurance, indemnifications, and delivery schedules. There are two common methods of communicating these formal requirements: a request for information (RFI) or a request for proposal (RFP). An RFI is usually seen as a subset for an RFP, so an RFI might precede a more detailed RFP. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to provide the details of what should be included in each document, when one might be more advantageous than the other, and the process for obtaining responses from vendors.
Automated ontology-based annotation of scientific literature using deep learning

Representing scientific knowledge using ontologies enables data integration, consistent machine-readable data representation, and allows for large-scale computational analyses. Text mining approaches that can automatically process and annotate scientific literature with ontology concepts are necessary to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific publishing. Here, we present deep learning models (Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) combined with different input encoding formats for automated Named Entity Recognition (NER) of ontology concepts from text. The Colorado Richly Annotated Full Text (CRAFT) gold standard corpus was used to train and test our models. Precision, Recall, F-1, and Jaccard semantic similarity were used to evaluate the performance of the models. We found that GRU-based models outperform LSTM models across all evaluation metrics. Surprisingly, considering the top two probabilistic predictions of the model for each instance instead of the top one resulted in a substantial increase in accuracy. Inclusion of ontology semantics via subsumption reasoning yielded modest performance improvement.
Amplifying the Noise: Oncometabolites Mask an Epigenetic Signal of DNA Damage

A recent study (Sulkowski et al., 2020) reveals that oncometabolites, which are produced by metabolic gene mutations in many cancers, sensitize cells to PARP inhibition by antagonizing histone demethylation and obscuring epigenetic marks that are necessary for efficient DNA repair.
Medical Cannabis and Psychiatric Disorders: Implications for Psychiatric Nurses.

Objective:Cannabis use for medical condition has significantly increased over the past 20 years with 33 states and the District of Columbia passing laws legalizing medical cannabis. Five qualifying...
Assessment of work-related symptoms, perceived knowledge, and attitude among nail salon technicians:

Objectives:Beauty is a Lebanese stereotype, as Lebanese women often feel urged to decorate themselves. Recent studies have raised concerns about nail salon technicians’ (NSTs) health and safety iss...
Exploring candidate interaction with a high stakes teacher performance assessment: The KPTP and the Kansas laboratory

This qualitative study explores the experiences of a cohort of pre-service teachers completing a high-stakes teacher performance assessment (HSTPA), the Kansas Performance Teaching Portfolio (KPTP), during their final year of teacher preparation. The inquiry asks whether the act of completing the assessment modified candidate conceptualizations of good teaching, and, if so, in what ways. Data were gathered via in-depth interviews and content analysis, and data were analyzed via constant comparison. The study found that completing the KPTP was having some impact upon participant conceptions of good teaching, prodding them to broaden their understanding of the work of teachers to include not just dispositional and relational aspects of teaching, but elements of technical teaching practice. The article concludes with recommendations for policy, research, and practice.
Effect of carbonization temperature on fuel and caffeine adsorption characteristics of white pine and Norway spruce needle derived biochars

Abstract The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in drinking water continues to be problematic in recent times. Adsorption of these compounds is an effective way to mitigate these problems to protect aquatic wildlife. Biochar is a renewable resource that can be used as an adsorption media in this role. This study explored the use of white pine (Pinus strobus) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) needles as feedstocks for producing biochars, which can be utilized as both an adsorbent and solid fuel. The effect of carbonization temperature (500, 700, & 900 ℃) on the solid fuel and caffeine adsorption characteristics of biochars derived from these feedstocks were investigated. The calorific values increased from 29.09–30.30 MJ/kg and 26.62–27.44 MJ/kg for white pine and Norway spruce needle derived biochars, respectively as the carbonization temperature increased. The ignition temperature increased from 390 to 480 ℃ for white pine needle derived biochars and from 368 to 400 °C for Norway spruce needle derived biochars as the carbonization temperature increased. The burnout temperatures for white pine needle derived biochars were between 670–775 ℃ while Norway spruce needle derived biochars presented burnout temperatures of 679–685 ℃. The specific surface areas of the biochars were between 1.72 and 167.71 m2/g. The monolayer caffeine adsorption capacities (qm) of the NS900 and WP900 biochars were 9.27 and 11.85 mg/g, respectively.