cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential Stressors Contributing to Eating Disorder Symptoms in African American Women: Implications for Mental Health Counselors

Eating disorders initially were considered to occur among young, White middle class women. However, during the last two decades, high rates of obesity-related symptoms (e.g., binge-eating) and obesity have been documented among African American women. Despite emerging findings about the presence of eating and health concerns among African American women, few counseling models of eating disorder symptomatology have included the socialization experiences of African American women.This paper examines, from a contextual perspective, the unique stressors that may contribute to eating disorder symptoms in African American women. Implications for race and culture-specific counseling are discussed and recommendations for mental health counselors are presented.
Profound Thrombocytopenia Associated With Administration of Eptifibatide

Acute profound thrombocytopenia may be associated with the administration of eptifibatide, a glycoprotein antagonist. A case report of a 61-year-old male is presented. The reported incidence of acute profound thrombocytopenia associated with eptifibatide is 0.1% to 1.0% and usually occurs within 24 hours following therapy. However, cases of profound thrombocytopenia have been reported to occur within 1 to 4 hours following infusion. Platelet counts should be monitored in patients receiving eptifibatide at least within 24 hours and preferably within 2 to 4 hours after administration. Submitted 5.8.06 | Revisions Received 6.28.06 | Accepted 7.17.06
The effects of energy drinks alone and with alcohol on neuropsychological functioning

Objective Caffeinated energy drinks—alone or with alcohol—are heavily marketed to young adults, many of whom believe that caffeine counteracts some negative effects of alcohol intoxication. While the effects of caffeine and alcohol have been widely investigated, few studies have examined neuropsychological performance after consumption of a beverage containing both ingredients. Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 27 non-caffeine-deprived female participants were randomly assigned to consume a caffeinated energy drink alone, one containing alcohol, or a non-alcoholic, non-caffeinated control beverage. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted using alternate forms of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Results Participants who consumed the energy drink plus alcohol evidenced significantly lower post-test performance on a global score of neuropsychological status. Specifically, deficits were found in both visuospatial/constructional and language performance scores. While participants who consumed the caffeinated beverage alone trended toward improved attention scores, neuropsychological status did not show meaningful changes from the pre- to post-test. Conclusions Consumption of an energy drink containing 6% alcohol by volume negatively influenced performance on a global measure of cognitive functioning. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A speech signal processing system based on a peripheral auditory model

The theory of acoustic invariance states that phonetic features are decoded by the auditory system from complex invariant properties of the speech waveform. We describe a method of transforming DFT frames of a speech signal into a representation that models the response of the peripheral auditory system with special attention to the auditory system's response to signals exhibiting rapid frequency and amplitude changes (consonants). The method involves three transformations, one in the frequency dimension, one in the amplitude dimension, and one in the temporal dimension (time course of auditory response). We describe each transformation, and show that invariant auditory response may be elicted by apparently disparate acoustic patterns.
On Attribute Disclosure in Randomization Based Privacy Preserving Data Publishing

Privacy preserving micro data publication has received wide attentions. In this paper, we investigate the randomization approach and focus on attribute disclosure under linking attacks. We give efficient solutions to determine optimal distortion parameters such that we can maximize utility preservation while still satisfying privacy requirements. We compare our randomization approach with l-diversity and anatomy in terms of utility preservation (under the same privacy requirements) from three aspects (reconstructed distributions, accuracy of answering queries, and preservation of correlations). Our empirical results show that randomization incurs significantly smaller utility loss.
Management of Atopic Dermatitis in the Pediatric Population

Atopic dermatitis, one of the most common skin disorders in young children, has a prevalence of 10% to 20% in the first decade of life. It is a chronic illness that requires a multifaceted treatment strategy in the setting of limited therapeutic options. Balancing safety concerns with efficacious treatment is of particular importance in the pediatric population. Parents of patients with atopic dermatitis turn to their primary caregivers for guidance regarding this physically demanding and psychologically stressful condition. In addition to serving as a review of atopic dermatitis, this article delves into the state-of-the-art therapeutic options and includes a detailed review of the differences between topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors. We also discuss new treatment strategies that are being used by atopic dermatitis specialists, such as comprehensive "education-as-intervention" models, wet wraps, bleach baths, and systemic immunomodulatory therapies.
A Case of Unilateral Retinitis Pigmentosa Sine Pigmento

This is a follow-up report of a case of unilateral retinitis pigmentosa first published in 1962 by Jacobson & Stephens (1962).
What to do with healthcare Incident Reporting Systems

Incident Reporting Systems (IRS) are and will continue to be an important influence on improving patient safety. They can provide valuable insights into how and why patients can be harmed at the organizational level. However, they are not the panacea that many believe them to be. They have several limitations that should be considered. Most of these limitations stem from inherent biases of voluntary reporting systems. These limitations include: i) IRS can’t be used to measure safety (error rates); ii) IRS can’t be used to compare organizations; iii) IRS can’t be used to measure changes over time; iv) IRS generate too many reports; v) IRS often don’t generate in-depth analyses or result in strong interventions to reduce risk; vi) IRS are associated with costs. IRS do offer significant value; their value is found in the following: i) IRS can be used to identify local system hazards; ii) IRS can be used to aggregate experiences for uncommon conditions; iii) IRS can be used to share lessons within and across organizations; iv) IRS can be used to increase patient safety culture. Moving forward, several strategies are suggested to maximize their value: i) make reporting easier; ii) make reporting meaningful to the reporter; iii) make the measure of success system changes, rather than events reported; iv) prioritize which events to report and investigate, report and investigate them well; v) convene with diverse stakeholders to enhance the value of IRS.
Avoiding blocking in multilayer recovery

With more options to recover traffic provided, based on services survivability requirements, providing an integrated recovery solution becomes critical. Layering has been a key driver in allowing network devices and technologies geared to carrying new types of services such as IP traffic over existing networks. Also, it has allowed networks to increase capacity by converting SONET to wavelengths. Providing connectivity is a key function of recovery, no matter what the layer. We expect that recovery capabilities will be added to client layers such as IP and MPLS and to server layers such as WDM. A primary goal of recovery is for all services traversing a failed link to be restored in a way consistent with businesses requirements. Inconsistent provisioning will prevent this. Furthermore, since recovery can occur at a different time than when it is provisioned, inconsistent provisioning is really determined after the fact, with services left unrepaired or repaired unnecessarily and at extra cost. Double redundancy will let different layers operate on the same traffic because of the containment relationship of units of traffic called encapsulation. In other words, recovery operates twice. We can ensure recovery meets a global perspective on how traffic should be restored by simply checking the provisioning at each device and checking suitable properties of a formal representation. In this paper, we propose a mapping from command-line interfaces to a topological representation that will allow us to check if provisioning is consistent.
Masking effects of posture and sleep onset on core body temperature have distinct circadian rhythms: results from a 90-min/day protocol.

Both recumbency and sleep affect core body temperature (CBT). To characterize their circadian effects and interactions, the authors examined the bedtime temperature drops (TDs) of nine men and eight women (aged 20 to 30) who repeated 90-min sleep-wake cycles over 2.5 days. While awake, subjects were exposed to 50 to 250 lux; while asleep, lights were off. Electroencephalogram-monitored time in bed lasted 30 min during each cycle. Cosinor nonlinear mixedeffects regressions modeled the circadian rhythm of TDs. The circadian maximum of TDs occurred approximately 4 h before the time of circadian CBTminimum, in a model that included the effects of baseline expected CBT, deviations from baseline CBT, time in study, and gender-dependent 24- and 12-h adjustments. Rates of temperature drops were faster during initial periods of lying awake than during periods of initially sleeping. Both rates followed separate circadian rhythms. The circadian maximum of TDs was located near customary nocturnal bedtimes, suggesting...
On better heuristic for Euclidean Steiner minimum trees

Finding a shortest network interconnecting a given set of points in the Euclidean plane (a Steiner minimum tree) is known to be NP-hard. It is shown that there exists a polynomial-time heuristic with a performance ratio bigger than square root 3/2. >
Theory, External Validity, and Experimental Inference: Some Conjectures:

It is often argued that experiments are strong on causal identification (internal validity) but weak on generalizability (external validity). One widely accepted way to limit threats to external validity is to incorporate as much variation in the background conditions and in the covariates as possible through replication. Another strategy is to make the theoretical foundations of the experiment more explicit. The latter requires that we develop trajectories of experiments that are consistent with a theoretical argument. In other words, new experiments should not simply consist of changing the context of old ones, but do so in ways that explicitly test various aspects of a theory in a coherent way.
Impact of environmental variables on spectral signatures acquired by the LANDSAT thematic mapper

Abstract Eleven environmental variables, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, surface roughness, soil type, geology, percentage of vegetation, percentage of trees, percentage of shrubs, percentage of herbs, and percentage of bare ground, are evaluated as to their impact on LANDSAT thematic mapper (TM) spectral signatures. Multiple regression models indicate that a combination of percentage of trees and shrubs have the most significant impact on TM spectral response, and, in fact, mask the effects of other tested environmental variables. Regression models are also developed for major soil types which significantly predict the amount of trees and shrubs present on a site.
Citation-Enhanced Keyphrase Extraction from Research Papers: A Supervised Approach

Given the large amounts of online textual documents available these days, e.g., news articles, weblogs, and scientific papers, effective methods for extracting keyphrases, which provide a high-level topic description of a document, are greatly needed. In this paper, we propose a supervised model for keyphrase extraction from research papers, which are embedded in citation networks. To this end, we design novel features based on citation network information and use them in conjunction with traditional features for keyphrase extraction to obtain remarkable improvements in performance over strong baselines.
Farm-scale distribution of deforestation and remaining forest cover in Mato Grosso

An analysis of data on property size and type as well as land use reveals the distribution of deforestation, remaining forest cover and carbon stocks in Mato Grosso, Brazil’s third largest state. Nearly two-thirds of remaining forests and carbon reserves, equating to between 2 and 3 Pg of carbon, are located on private properties. Around 80% of forests and carbon reserves are on properties larger than 1,000 ha, with smallholder farms and public land reform settlements controlling only a tiny fraction of the state’s remaining forest and carbon reserves. Efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation must target owners controlling most of the remaining forest and land types with the highest deforestation rates. We thus suggest that policymakers seeking to protect the remaining forest should focus both incentives and enforcement of anti-deforestation laws in the larger properties where most of these forests are located. An analysis of the distribution of deforestation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, suggests that policies and incentives to protect carbon stocks should focus on large privately owned farms and ranches, where most of the remaining forests are located.
Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors

Parameters used to describe the electrical properties of organic field-effect transistors, such as mobility and threshold voltage, are commonly extracted from measured current-voltage characteristics and interpreted by using the classical metal oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor model. However, in recent reports of devices with ultra-high mobility (>40 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), the device characteristics deviate from this idealized model and show an abrupt turn-on in the drain current when measured as a function of gate voltage. In order to investigate this phenomenon, here we report on single crystal rubrene transistors intentionally fabricated to exhibit an abrupt turn-on. We disentangle the channel properties from the contact resistance by using impedance spectroscopy and show that the current in such devices is governed by a gate bias dependence of the contact resistance. As a result, extracted mobility values from d.c. current-voltage characterization are overestimated by one order of magnitude or more.
Genetic Variability at an Esterase Locus in Aedes aegypti

Techniques for analyzing the genetic variation at an esterase locus in Aedes aegypti (L.) are discussed, including the use of enzyme inhibitors. Using these techniques, the esterase-6 locus is shown to be a complex system with at least 14 alleles identified. Analysis of many strains gathered from populations all over the world, with special emphasis on East African populations, shows great diversity in both type and frequency of esterase alleles. Two strains gathered from indoor and outdoor populations in the village of Shauri Moyo, Rabai area, Kenya, differed significantly in gene frequencies. Strains gathered from villages only ¼ km apart often contained different alleles, suggesting that local populations may be distinct with little migration. These data shed light on the complex problem of population extinction, genetic differentiation, and migration between the various populations which comprise the species, Aedes aegypti . This variability is also discussed in terms of future studies of the genetics and ecology of this mosquito.
Bioactive Glass Stimulates the Function of Biological Signaling Molecules and Cells

An estimated 11 million people in the United States have at least one medical device implant [1]. Orthopaedic implants account for 51.3 % of all implants. They include fixation devices (usually fracture fixation) and artificial joints, used in 77% and 23% of the cases respectively. Among the joint replacement procedures, hip and knee surgeries represent 90% of the total, and, in 1988, were performed 310,000 times in this country [1]. Currently, somewhat more than half the joint reconstruction devices are used with bone cement, which is a polymer grout that keeps the prosthesis components in place in the bone. The fixation in the other cases depends on the bone’s ability to grow in contact with the device. This can be achieved by making the prosthesis surface porous, such that bone grows into the interstices; or by making the surface chemically reactive with bone tissue such that a continuous, uninterrupted transition is formed from tissue to device. Bioactive glasses and ceramics are the materials of choice to achieve this effect on bone tissue bonding [2]. Bone growth stimulation is also sought in the treatment of difficult fractures. In the U.S. alone, there are 1.23 million fractures that require a bone plate. Of that total, approximately I million require between 10 and 100 cc of graft material to stimulate bone repair. At this time, autogenous bone graft represents the gold standard: this graft is typically bone tissue taken from the patient’s own iliac crest. Given the morbidity associated with this procedure and the frequently insufficient quantities available, extensive efforts for suitable alternatives are currently underway. Calcium phosphate ceramics and glasses, either by themselves or as carriers for bone (or “osteogenic”) cells or various bone growth factors, are also prime candidate materials for these applications.
Effects of Tootling on Classwide and Individual Disruptive and Academically Engaged Behavior of Lower-Elementary Students

The current study was designed to replicate and extend the literature on the effectiveness of a classroom intervention known as Tootling, a strategy that encourages and prompts students to report instances of their peers' positive behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of the Tootling intervention on decreasing classwide and individual target students' disruptive behavior as well as increasing classwide and individual target students' academic engagement in lower elementary, general education classrooms using a criterion number of tootles that could reasonably be attained daily, thus potentially allowing more immediate and frequent access to reinforcement. Participants included second and third graders and their teachers in three classrooms in two Southeastern elementary schools. An ABAB withdrawal design was used in the three classrooms, along with a multiple baseline element across two of the classrooms, to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Results demonstrated decreases in disruptive behaviors and increases in academically engaged behaviors during intervention phases as compared to baseline and withdrawal phases in all classrooms. Effect sizes were moderate to large for all comparisons. Limitations of the present study, directions for future research, and implications for practice are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable co-evolution of soft robot properties and gaits.

One of the outstanding challenges in soft robotics is the chicken-and-egg problem of body/brain design: generation of locomotion is predicated on the existence of a locomotioncapable body, and generation of body plans is predicated upon the existence of effective locomotion. This problem is compounded by the high degree of coupling between the material properties of a soft body (such as stiffness or damping coefficients) and the effectiveness of a gait. In this work we describe a means by which the material properties of a simulated soft body co-evolve alongside locomotive gaits. Improvements in simulation time, with no loss of overall fitness fitness, are obtained by incrementally increasing mesh density over the course of evolution.
Measuring end-of-life care in oncology practices: learning from the care of the dying.

BACKGROUND There is increased interest among oncology and palliative professionals in providing appropriately timed hospice services for cancer patients. End of life (EoL) metrics have been included in oncology quality programs, but accurate EoL data and benchmarks are hard to obtain. OBJECTIVE To improve EoL care by measuring patterns of care among recently deceased patients. METHODS Care utilization among deceased patients was analyzed by using software integrated with patient electronic health records. The data was verified by chart review. RESULTS Of 179 cancer deaths, tumor registry data differed from chart review in 7% of cases with regard to dates and/or location of death. Institutional EoL metrics were significantly affected by a large number of patients (37%) with advanced illnesses who had clinical diagnoses of cancer made at the end of life, but who had not been managed by oncologists. This population of patients who had not been managed by oncologists was older, less likely to use hospice, and more likely to use the intensive care unit than were oncologist-managed cancer patients. Among the patients of individual oncologists, the median stay in hospice ranged from 6-28 days. Data collection and chart review took an average of 27 minutes per case with combined efforts by a data analyst and oncology practitioner. LIMITATIONS Single institution with comprehensive electronic medical record; some patients were treated outside of the system. CONCLUSION Acquiring accurate data on EoL metrics is time consuming. Compared with chart review, other data sources have inaccuracies and include some patients who have not been managed by oncologists. Accurate attribution to individual physicians requires chart review by an experienced clinician.
Impact of the Berkeley Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption.

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Berkeley, California, which became the first US jurisdiction to implement such a tax ($0.01/oz) in March 2015.Methods. We used a repeated cross-sectional design to examine changes in pre- to posttax beverage consumption in low-income neighborhoods in Berkeley versus in the comparison cities of Oakland and San Francisco, California. A beverage frequency questionnaire was interviewer administered to 990 participants before the tax and 1689 after the tax (approximately 8 months after the vote and 4 months after implementation) to examine relative changes in consumption.Results. Consumption of SSBs decreased 21% in Berkeley and increased 4% in comparison cities (P = .046). Water consumption increased more in Berkeley (+63%) than in comparison cities (+19%; P < .01).Conclusions. Berkeley’s excise tax reduced SSB consumption in low-income neighborhoods. Evaluating SSB taxes in other cities will improve understa...
Scaling Laws with Network Coding

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the scaling law results associated with network coding as the network size and/or the coding window size scale. These results highlight the potential gains to be derived from network coding in various scenarios of interest. It covers the scaling of throughput and delay performance metrics for wireless networks both under time-varying channel conditions and node mobility. The fundamental strength of coding is its ability to spread information across long chunks of transmission signals to achieve robustness against statistical channel variations. While this idea has transformed the world by enabling a global communication network, most of the exciting advances have been limited to point-to-point links with a few other capacity results relating to limited multi-user scenarios. The interesting findings on the performance of network coding in unreliable wireless networks under several scaling regimes includes the network size, the coding window size, the number of flows in the network, and the application delay constraints. These results not only help quantify the performance of network coding for comparison to traditional scheduling and routing policies, but also identify cases in which significant throughput, delay, or economic gains are achievable even with simple randomized network coding strategies.
Class and Change in the South Asian Countryside

This chapter has three tasks. First, it describes the most striking regional contrast discovered during this study, between an area of Noakhali in the south of Bangladesh and Bogra, in the north. Second, the chapter briefly compares some dynamics of social change in different parts of rural South Asia in order to place some of the findings of this book in their regional context. Third, I describe the methods used for the identification of classes.
From software data to software theory: The path less traveled

Abstract Software engineering is a pragmatic discipline. From the very beginning, the mindset of the software engineering research community has been focused on solving problems faced by practicing software engineers [1], and hence, much of software engineering work is motivated by pragmatic outcomes. To this day, software engineering research results typically require at least a semi-plausible scenario by which they can be used by practicing software engineers to assist in their development of software. Consistent with the broader software engineering community, Software Analytics also has a pragmatic bent. While this has generated many useful results, it has come at the expense of considering more theoretical outcomes from this data.
The Effect of Multiple Importations of Pests and Pathogens on a Native Tree

Climate changes in the past reshaped the North American native forests as some species increased and others decreased in number and distribution. Native American chestnuts were once abundant, but have been eliminated from the forest canopy by two imported pathogens, and are additionally threatened by an imported pest. The trees survive one of the pathogens, but rarely become larger than understory shrubs. These clumps of sprouts provide a reservoir of genetic diversity for use in reinstating this tree into its forest habitat. An imported parasite can be used to control one pathogen and allow the sprouts to grow large enough to flower. The trees can then be crossed with imported chestnuts of other species with good resistance to both pathogens, and resistant offspring selected. Good progress has been made in coping with these imported problems.
ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION RESERVE INDEX USING ADENOSINE VERSUS REGADENOSON AMONG HEALTHY FEMALE SUBJECTS

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is used to study coronary microvascular dysfunction by measurement of myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). Previous research has suggested a diff erence in MPRI measurement among women with coronary microvascular dysfunction with adenosine
Interplay of catalysis, fidelity, threading, and processivity in the exo- and endonucleolytic reactions of human exonuclease I.

Human exonuclease 1 (hExo1) is a member of the RAD2/XPG structure-specific 5′-nuclease superfamily. Its dominant, processive 5′–3′ exonuclease and secondary 5′-flap endonuclease activities participate in various DNA repair, recombination, and replication processes. A single active site processes both recessed ends and 5′-flap substrates. By initiating enzyme reactions in crystals, we have trapped hExo1 reaction intermediates that reveal structures of these substrates before and after their exo- and endonucleolytic cleavage, as well as structures of uncleaved, unthreaded, and partially threaded 5′ flaps. Their distinctive 5′ ends are accommodated by a small, mobile arch in the active site that binds recessed ends at its base and threads 5′ flaps through a narrow aperture within its interior. A sequence of successive, interlocking conformational changes guides the two substrate types into a shared reaction mechanism that catalyzes their cleavage by an elaborated variant of the two-metal, in-line hydrolysis mechanism. Coupling of substrate-dependent arch motions to transition-state stabilization suppresses inappropriate or premature cleavage, enhancing processing fidelity. The striking reduction in flap conformational entropy is catalyzed, in part, by arch motions and transient binding interactions between the flap and unprocessed DNA strand. At the end of the observed reaction sequence, hExo1 resets without relinquishing DNA binding, suggesting a structural basis for its processivity.
Methodological and Metaphilosophical Lessons in Plato’s Ion

From a detailed overview of Socrates’ exchange with Ion, light is shed on why Socrates’ method of elenchus requires explicit accounts of concepts at issue. Moreover, Ion’s character is shown to provide an object lesson in the tempting vice of intellectual sycophancy.
Performance-Shaping Factors Affecting Older Adults' Hospital-to-Home Transition Success: A Systems Approach.

Background and objectives Facilitating older adults' successful hospital-to-home transitions remains a persistent challenge. To address this challenge, we applied a systems lens to identify and understand the performance-shaping factors (PSFs) related older adults' hospital-to-home transition success. Research design and methods This study was a secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews from older adults (N = 31) recently discharged from a hospital and their informal caregivers (N = 13). We used a Human Factors Engineering approach to guide qualitative thematic analysis to develop four themes concerning the system conditions shaping hospital-to-home transition success. Results The four themes concerning PSFs were: (a) the hospital-to-home transition was a complex multiphase process-the process unfolded over several months and required substantial, persistent investment/effort; (b) there were unmet needs for specialized tools-information and resources provided at hospital discharge were not aligned with requirements for transition success; (c) alignment of self-care routines with transition needs-pre-hospitalization routines could be supportive/disruptive and could deteriorate/be re-established; and (d) changing levels of work demand and capacity during the transition-demand often exceeded capacity leading to work overload. Discussion and implications Our findings highlight that the transition is not an episodic event, but rather a longitudinal process extending beyond the days just after hospital discharge. Transition interventions to improve older adults' hospital-to-home transitions need to account for this complex multiphase process. Future interventions must be developed to support older adults and informal caregivers in navigating the establishment and re-establishment of routines and managing work demands and capacity during the transition process.
Fostering user engagement: improving sense of identity through cosmetic customization in wearable trackers

Despite numerous health advantages wearable health trackers could offer, tracker users often abandon their devices after a short period of time. One reason for abandonment is users' lack of identification of their trackers as an accurate reflection of who and what they are (i.e., sense of identity). In this study, we examine the role of cosmetic customization (i.e., a modification of a given product's presentation) of a wearable health tracker in increasing one's sense of identity. Furthermore, we explore if one's sense of identity can explain the relationship between cosmetic customization and user engagement (assessed by attitude, exercise intention, and sense of attachment) with a wearable tracker. We conducted a between-subjects online experiment and found that individuals presented with a high level of cosmetic customization features experienced a higher sense of identity with a wearable health tracker, which in turn was associated with more favorable attitude, higher exercise intention, and greater sense of attachment towards the tracker than individuals presented with a low level of cosmetic customization features. Based on the study results, we recommend the designers of wearable health trackers to provide users with salient and recognizable cosmetic customization features so that users can establish a good "identity fit" with their tracker.
Influence Structure and Inter-group Learning

Inter-group learning is an important phenomenon in the modern business world of virtual organizations, distributed knowledge processing, and supply chain systems. Here, we examine how alternative influence structures within groups may affect the learning that happens through inter-group interactions. This study uses a simulation methodology with measures related to influence structure, knowledge matrices, and learning-task completion. The results indicate that the level of centrality in a group’s own influence structure tends to negatively relate to its learning performance. The presence of an influential individual in a group will slow down the learning (require more rounds of interaction to get agreement), impede the spread of knowledge (learn less of the truth), and increase the chance of group conflict (increasing frequency of learning impasses). Furthermore when two groups both have highly centered influence structures, they are detrimental to each other’s learning performance.
The Physiologic Basis of Sports Rehabilitation

The precise prescription of exercise is essential to all athletic training and rehabilitation programs. This article provides the reader with an overview of the physiologic basis of exercises, including the body's adaptations to acute and chronic exercise and the maladaptations that can occur when exercise training becomes excessive.
Image-Guided Brachytherapy

Image-guided brachytherapy is the latest evolution of the original form of radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is primarily concerned with the treatment of cancers using ionizing radiation. Brachytherapy is a branch of radiation therapy that delivers radiation by placing radioactive sources in, or in close proximity to, the tumor. Historically brachytherapy has used x-ray films of the implant for documentation and dosimetric evaluation. Recently three-dimensional imaging has been incorporated into brachytherapy procedures, and a taxonomy has been developed (Williamson JF, Cormack RA. Three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy: current trends and future promise. In: Timmerman RD, Xing L, editors. Image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams ?; Wilkins; 2010) including image-based evaluation, image-based treatment planning, and image-guided implants. This chapter discusses the types of brachytherapy and the range of imaging used in brachytherapy.
Oxidation of aluminium nitride

The oxidation kinetics of polycrystalline aluminium nitride substrates in air at temperatures in the range 1150 to 1750°C have been studied by measuring the weight increase in the oxidized samples. At the lowest temperature, the oxide layer was not continuous on the AlN surface and the oxidation kinetics followed a linear rate law with an activation energy of 175 kJ mol−1. At all the higher temperatures, the growth kinetics followed a parabolic rate law with an activation energy of 395 kJ mol−1. Samples oxidized at these higher temperatures were covered with a dense oxide layer having a fine-grained microstructure.
The Revised Youth Asset Survey (YAS-R).

Purpose:The study’s purpose was to improve the psychometric properties of the Youth Asset Survey (YAS).Design:Longitudinal cohort study with youth and parents recruited via door-to-door canvassing ...
K63-Linked Ubiquitin Is Required for Restriction of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription and Capsid Destabilization by Rhesus TRIM5α

TRIM5α is an antiviral restriction factor that inhibits retroviral infection in a species-specific fashion. TRIM5α binds to and forms assemblies around the retroviral capsid. Following binding, poorly understood, ubiquitin-dependent events lead to the disassembly of the viral core, prior to the accumulation of viral reverse transcription products in the target cell. It is also known that assemblies of TRIM5α and other TRIM family proteins can be targets of autophagic degradation. The goal of this study was to define the role of specific ubiquitin linkages in the retroviral restriction and autophagic degradation of TRIM5α and delineate any connection between these two processes. To this end, we generated fusion proteins in which the catalytic domains of different deubiquitinase (DUB) enzymes, with different specificities for polyubiquitinated linkages, were fused to the N-terminal RING domain of Rhesus macaque TRIM5α. We assessed the role of ubiquitination in restriction and the degree to which specific types of ubiquitination are required for the association of TRIM5α with autophagic proteins. We determined that K63-linked ubiquitination by TRIM5α is required to induce capsid disassembly and to inhibit reverse transcription of HIV, while the ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection was not dependent on K63-linked ubiquitination. We also observed that K63-linked ubiquitination is required for the association of TRIM5α with autophagosomal membranes and the autophagic adapter protein p62.IMPORTANCE Although the mechanisms by which TRIM5α can induce the abortive disassembly of retroviral capsids have remained obscure, numerous studies have suggested a role for ubiquitination and cellular degradative pathways. These studies have typically relied on global perturbation of cellular degradative pathways. Here, through the use of linkage-specific deubiquitinating enzymes tethered to TRIM5α, we delineate the ubiquitin linkages which drive specific steps in restriction and degradation by TRIM5α, providing evidence for a noncanonical role for K63-linked ubiquitin in the process of retroviral restriction by TRIM5α and potentially providing insight into the mechanism of action of other TRIM family proteins.
Programmable Acceleration for Sparse Matrices in a Data-Movement Limited World

Data movement cost is a critical performance concern in today's computing systems. We propose a heterogeneous architecture that combines a CPU core with an efficient data recoding accelerator and evaluate it on sparse matrix computation. Such computations underly a wide range of important computations such as partial differential equation solvers, sequence alignment, and machine learning and are often data movement limited. The data recoding accelerator is orders of magnitude more energy efficient than a conventional CPU for recoding, allowing sparse matrix representation to be optimized for data movement. We evaluate the heterogeneous system with a recoding accelerator using the TAMU sparse matrix library, studying >369 diverse sparse matrix examples finding geometric mean performance benefits of 2.4x. In contrast, CPU's exhibit poor recoding performance (up to 30x worse), making data representation optimization infeasible. Holding SpMV performance constant, adding the recoding optimization and accelerator can produce power reductions of 63% and 51% on DDR and HBM-based memory systems, respectively, when evaluated on a set of 7 representative matrices. These results show the promise of this new heterogeneous architecture approach.
The role of small molecules in restricting rice accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid

Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), an organic arsenic compound found in rice grain, is a causal agent of straighthead disorder, which can decimate yields. To minimize rice accumulation of DMA, we tested 9 molecules for antagonistic effects with DMA. We also tested whether the source of nitrogen is able to affect DMA uptake, as DMA is a weak acid and different nitrogen sources have differing effects on rhizospheric pH. We grew rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Lemont) hydroponically to maturity in two different experiments. First, 9 potential competitors (boric acid, calcium, glycerol, glycine, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, serine, silicic acid, and urea) were included in the hydroponic solution at a molar ratio ≥ 100:1 competitor:DMA. Second, rice receiving 5 μM DMA was grown under ammonium, nitrate, or a 1:1 mix of ammonium and nitrate. Yield metrics and plant elemental concentrations were measured after harvest. Of the potential competitors, only silicic acid was able to alleviate straighthead disorder and no competitors were able to reduce grain As by ≥30%. Under differing nitrogen sources, nitrate decreased plant concentrations of As relative to ammonium, but not in the grain. While Si can alleviate DMA uptake, there remains uncertainty in how most DMA enters the plant.
Effectual Emergency Severity Adaptation for Improved Triage Care Operations

Studies have shown that triage nurses often have difficulty correctly predicting triage level when using the Emergency Severity Index (ESI), even after having been previously trained on the algorithm. This paper examines nurses' difficulties with applying the ESI and previous attempts at electronic triage support systems. United States emergency department data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics website is analyzed using the random forest algorithm and C5.0 decision tree algorithm to determine if refinements can be made to the current ESI algorithm so that it can be more easily implemented by nurses. A model electronic triage application is produced based on the current ESI algorithm and the results of the decision tree analysis.
EFFECT OF NON-HOMOGENEOUS LIQUID DISTRIBUTION ON EFFICIENCY OF STRUCTURED PACKING MATERIALS

Uneven liquid distribution (maldistribution) is a recurrent problem in the design and operation of packed towers, regardless of the type of packing. Using a simple but rigorous analysis it can be shown that the effect of liquid maldistribution on holdup is highly nonlinear and has cascading effects on liquid residence times and mass transfer rates. A statistical liquid film thickness description is used to characterize liquid distribution on corrugated structural packing. The distribution has a single adjustable parameter, the volume average variance of the distribution.
Impact of Recent Methamphetamine Use on Vancomycin Clearance.

Purpose To determine whether recent methamphetamine use increases vancomycin clearance. Methods This was a multi-center, retrospective, IRB-approved study at two tertiary care medical centers. Adult patients with a urine drug screen, ≥3 consecutive vancomycin doses, and an appropriately drawn vancomycin trough were assessed and classified as amphetamine positive or amphetamine negative. The primary outcome was vancomycin clearance. Results 88 patients were included in the analysis, with 44 patients in each group. Vancomycin clearance was greater in the amphetamine positive group (94.54 vs. 86.84 mL/min, p = 0.042, 95% CI 0.29-15.09). There was no significant difference in goal vancomycin trough achievement between groups (34.1% amphetamine positive vs. 43.2% amphetamine negative; p = 0.512). Per multifactorial logistic regression analysis, older age and male gender were associated with decreased vancomycin clearance, while higher BMI and cocaine positive urine drug screen were associated with increased vancomycin clearance. Conclusion Recent methamphetamine use may increase vancomycin clearance. Larger prospective trials with protocolized vancomycin dosing strategies are needed to further elucidate the impact of methamphetamine use on attainment of goal vancomycin troughs in addition to the potential impact on vancomycin clearance.
Optimal Protection Relay Placement in Microgrids

This paper proposes an optimal relay placement approach for microgrids. The proposed approach considers both grid-connected and islanded microgrid modes. The algorithm separately calculates the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) of a microgrid in each operating mode. Then, two weighting factors corresponding to different operating modes are used to calculate the overall SAIFI of the microgrid. The objective is to find the optimal relay locations such that the microgrid overall SAIFI is minimized. The power electronics interfaces associated with distributed energy resources may be classified as grid following or grid forming. As opposed to grid-following distributed energy resources (DERs) such as typical solar inverters, grid-forming inverters are able to control the microgrid voltage and frequency at the point of their interconnection. Therefore, these DERs can facilitate the formation of sub-islands in the microgrid when the protective relays isolate a portion of the microgrid. If there is at least one grid-forming DER available in a sub-island, that sub-island can continue supplying its local load. The exchange market algorithm (EMA) is used for optimizing functions. The effectiveness of the proposed optimal relay placement approach is verified using an 18-bus microgrid and IEEE 123-bus test system.
Differentiation dependent activation of the myelin genes in purified oligodendrocytes is highly resistant to hypoglycemia.

We have previously demonstrated that the developmental upregulation of myelin-specific genes in mixed glial cultures is strongly attenuated by hypoglycemia. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of hypoglycemia on differentiation-dependent upregulation of myelin genes in purified oligodendrocyte cultures. The expression of major myelin protein genes, i.e., proteolipid protein (PLP), basic protein (BP) and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) were monitored by Northern blot analysis. In control cultures maintained at 6 mg/ml of glucose, the expression of all the genes upregulated rapidly, and plateaued at approximately day 4. A similar pattern of differentiation-dependent upregulation was observed for the gene encoding a lipogenic enzyme, i.e., malic enzyme (ME). In contrast to mixed glial cultures, however, this developmental gene upregulation was not significantly affected by severe hypoglycemia (approximately 0.02 mg/ml). The results indicate that the effect of glucose deprivation on oligodendrocyte genes observed in mixed glial cultures is mediated by other cells. The upregulation of the genes in differentiating oligodendrocytes was accompanied by the production of myelin-related membrane that was isolated by density gradient fractionation. In contrast to the effect on gene expression, this anabolic activity was highly dependent on glucose, as seen from a profound suppression by severe hypoglycemia.