cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving the Delivery of Clinical Preventive Services to Women in Managed Care Organizations: A Case Study Analysis

Article-at-a-Glance Background In February–October 1996 a case study analysis was conducted to examine the key features of prevention programs for women in six managed care plans and one group medical practice. These programs, which use either data-based or office-based strategies, are considered by experts in the field to be exemplary. Methods Prevention programs for the case study were identified through a literature review and discussions with knowledgeable individuals about prevention programs and managed care. Information was collected about breast and cervical cancer prevention programs through written materials and telephone interviews with staff. Given limited and noncomparable information, relative program effectiveness was not assessed. Case studies The case study programs use many types of data to support prevention strategies such as patient reminders and performance feedback to providers. Successful programs require substantial resources and planning; are population based; gain the support of providers and patients early; have clear, established systems for collecting and using data; and have a monitoring and evaluation component. The challenges that remain for managed care plans are balancing the need for prevention programs with limited resources, using imperfect data to support interventions, developing effective strategies for reaching high-risk populations, and working with large networks of providers. Discussion Managed care plans have great potential to use their information systems and organizational structure to support prevention efforts. The extent to which these opportunities are realized depends on managed care plans' progress in developing their broader information management systems and on purchasers' demands for these types of programs.
Environmental Education and Behavioral Change: An Identity-Based Environmental Education Model.

In this paper, the effectiveness of environmental education (EE) programs at fostering ecologically responsible behavior is analyzed through the lens of psychology. In section 1, a critique of knowledge and attitude appeals is presented using contemporary psychological understandings of these constructs to show why many EE programs have been met with mixed results. It is argued that knowledge and attitudes are misunderstood in precisely how they are employed in decision-making and that these misunderstandings hamper the impact of EE programming. In section 2, the theoretical foundation for applying identity research is developed further and is shown to engage both the automatic and controlled cognitive processes—the key distinction of the IBEE model. In section 3, this research is applied to develop a novel program for producing ecologically responsible behavior through EE using self-identity as a more sophisticated and effective behavioral mediator, as is how a ‘pro-environmental identity’ could be developed. Self-identity is a durable and robust behavioral mediator that has been shown to be highly predictive of an individual’s behavior and can be shaped to lead one toward ecologically responsible behavior across behavioral domains.
Pricing in a Closed Bid Environment

Closed competitive bidding results in business awarded to qualified suppliers primarily on the basis of price. In developing a bidding strategy the firm must balance the objective of making a profit against the requirement of bidding low enough to win the job. Quantitative bidding models have been developed to aid the bidder in assessing the probability that a particular bid will return an optimum level of profit. The models, however, suffer from constraints which limit their usefulness. A systems model is proposed, which introduces a new set of variables and expands the information base upon which the bidding strategist may draw.
Breaking Down the Barriers to Precision Cancer Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine offers unique advantages in treating human cancers. However, physiological and pathological barriers within normal and disease tissues, which are highly variable among individuals, often hinder its effectiveness. The body possesses specific innate responses to nanoparticles (NPs), which when combined with unique pathophysiological signatures in the tumor microenvironment, can severely limit the utility of nanomedicine in the oncological setting. Furthermore, with the successes of cancer immunotherapies, understanding nanoimmune interactions and developing immune-smart cancer nanomedicine that can take advantage of the body's immune functions will increasingly become clinically relevant. Therefore, a better understanding of the important native and acquired biological processes that dictate the fate of nanomedicine is integral to developing more effective individualized platforms for treating cancer patients.
Synthesis and Free Radical Copolymerization of a Vinyl Monomer from Soybean Oil

A one-step method that converts soybean oil into (acryloylamino)ethyl soyate, a new vinyl monomer of free radical polymerization, was developed. The synthesized monomer combines a vinyl double bond (acryloyl functional group) and nonconjugated (isolated) double bonds of fatty acids. The double bond of the acryloyl group is reactive in a free radical chain polymerization that yields linear macromolecules containing isolated double bonds in side chains. Monomer reactivity ratios (r1, r2) in copolymerization of the new soybean oil-based acrylic monomer (SBA) with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate, as well as the Q–e parameters of the SBA, were determined. The obtained results indicate that copolymerization can be described with the classical Mayo–Lewis equation. In terms of polymerizability, the SBA can be classified as an acrylic monomer. The double bonds of the fatty acid chains remain mainly unaffected during the free radical polymerization. The remaining unsaturated fragments in the side ch...
Impact of incorporating customer preference in sustainable remanufacturing of commercial returns

AbstractThis paper investigates optimum production parameters for a reverse supply chain for manufacturing of primary products and remanufacturing of commercial returns (products returned by customers for refund or exchange). The market for the product consists of two categories, the primary and remanufactured products. The demands for these markets are independent and considered to be random variables following a normal distribution function. The approach presented in this work differs from many previously published works because the acceptability of products varies among customers. The interaction between the designed quality and variable customers’ preferences determines the likelihood of a product being returned. Two major decision variables targeted in this study are the production cycle time and the targeted quality for production of parts used in the product. Through an analytical formulation and numerical examples, a relationship between the total profit of the system and the two decision variable...
Longer Paced QRS Duration is Associated With Increased Prevalence of Right Ventricular Pacing-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

Paced QRS and RV Pacing-Induced CardiomyopathyIntroduction Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is an important cause of heart failure in patients exposed to frequent right ventricular (RV) pacing. While echocardiography is diagnostic, the optimal surveillance strategy remains unknown. We sought to identify clinical and electrocardiographic factors associated with the presence of PICM to guide further testing. Methods and Results We retrospectively studied 1,750 consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker implantation 2003–2012. Patients were included if baseline LVEF was normal, single chamber ventricular or dual chamber pacemaker (but not ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy device) was implanted, frequent (≥20%) RV pacing was present and repeat echocardiogram was available following implantation. PICM was defined as ≥10% decrease in LVEF, resulting in LVEF <50%. Patients with alternative causes of cardiomyopathy were excluded. Clinical and electrocardiographic indicators of PICM were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Of 184 patients meeting study criteria, 42 (22.8%) developed PICM, with decrease in mean LVEF from 62.1% to 35.3% over mean follow-up 2.5 years. Longer follow-up paced QRS duration was associated with the presence of PICM (multivariate odds ratio 1.34 per 10 millisecond increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.63, p = 0.01). Paced QRS duration ≥150 milliseconds was 95% sensitive for PICM. Only half of patients with PICM had heart failure signs or symptoms at the time of echocardiographic diagnosis. Conclusion Patients with frequent RV pacing and paced QRS duration ≥150 milliseconds should be screened by echocardiogram to assess for PICM. Patients with paced QRS duration <150 milliseconds likely do not require screening, in the absence of heart failure signs or symptoms.
Market provision of flexible energy/reserve contracts: Optimization formulation

The need for flexible service provision has dramatically increased in recent years due to the increased penetration of variable energy resources, as has the need to ensure fair access to service provision from an increasingly diverse array of resources. In response to these needs, this study develops a new analytic optimization formulation for the clearing of day-ahead markets based on swing contracts for the combined flexible provision of energy and reserve services. This new optimization formulation is a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem that can be solved using standard MILP solution software. A numerical day-ahead market example is presented to illustrate the potential of this new optimization formulation for real-world implementation.
Psychocutaneous disease: Clinical perspectives

Psychocutaneous disease, defined in this review as primary psychiatric disease with skin manifestations, is commonly encountered in dermatology. Dermatologists can play an important role in the management of psychocutaneous disease because patients visit dermatology for treatment of their skin problems but often refuse psychiatric intervention. This review describes common psychocutaneous syndromes, including delusional, factitious, obsessive-compulsive and related, and eating disorders, as well as psychogenic pruritus, cutaneous sensory (pain) syndromes, posttraumatic stress disorder, and sleep-wake disorders. The updated classification of these disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition is included. Strategies for management are reviewed.
Hospital Management by Diagnosis Related Groups: United States and European Experience

The rising costs of health care and factors influencing their growth are concerns shared by many countries besides the United States. For France in particular, a recent study (Sandier 1983), found its per capita medical expenditures from 1950 to 1978 grew at a greater average yearly rate than those in the United States. Adjusting for inflation, the rate of growth over this period was 5.0 percent per year in the United States and 7.6 percent per year in France. The study also found that the hospital sector (including nursing homes) in 1978 accounted for a larger portion of health care expenditures in the United States (58.6 percent) than in France (48.3 percent) but that expenditures for hospital care (including nursing homes) grew at a faster rate in France since 1950.
A New Glyptosternine Catfish from Northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Sisoridae)

A new species of sisorid catfish in the genus Exostoma is described from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by the condition of the posterior extremity of the adipose-fin base, the degree of tuberculation in the preorbital area, as well as morphometric data for the nasal barbel length, snout length, interorbital distance, adipose fin-base length, body depth at anus, caudal-peduncle length, and caudal-peduncle depth. The taxonomic status of congeners in the Irrawaddy River drainage is also discussed, and E. chaudhurii is revalidated as a distinct species.
Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology and Science Pedagogy Help Undergraduates in High School Science Outreach.

Science outreach often requires undergraduates to assume new roles as teachers, science communicators, role models, and mentors. Transitioning into these roles is a rewarding part of science outreach but can be daunting and challenging for students at this educational stage. We have created developmental psychology and science pedagogy primers to help ease these transitions for undergraduates. Students used these primers to learn about their audience before science outreach. Students also had the opportunity to converse with one another about the material provided in these primers during the planning stages of the outreach process. We find that becoming familiar with key concepts in developmental psychology and science pedagogy helps undergraduates get the most out of their science outreach experiences.
Spatial Super-resolution reconstruction via SSCSI Compressive Spectral Imagers

The spatial super-resolution concept is explored on the Spatial Spectral Compressive Hyperspectral Imager as a function of the coded aperture and detector pitch sizes and the coded aperture position s.
Thermodynamics of water interactions with human stratum corneum. II.: Interpretation via the Guggenheim–Anderson–deBoer isotherm

Abstract Studies of adsorption on biologically derived materials typically include direct measurement of either the adsorption isotherm or the heat of adsorption, but not both. Simultaneous measurement of adsorption and heat of adsorption should provide a more reliable description of the material under study. In this context, an analysis of the thermodynamics of water sorption is presented and a multilayer heat of sorption equation is derived within the framework of the Guggenheim–Anderson–deBoer (GAB) model. This model is applied to the previously published data for water vapor sorption and heat of water vapor sorption on stratum corneum (SC) over a range of relative humidities. The GAB models effectively characterize both heat evolution and equilibrium mass uptake over a broad water activity range. The thermodynamic results suggest significant restructuring of the SC during the sorption process; the sorption data alone are not sufficient to identify this effect. The results of this study emphasize first, the importance of incorporating a multilayer approach with variable energies of interaction in modeling of water uptake by SC and second, the utility of correlating sorption and calorimetric data simultaneously.
Extraembryonic heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor deficiency compromises placentation in mice

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HBEGF) is expressed in the embryo and uterus at the implantation site, stimulating trophoblast invasive activity essential for placentation. The effect of extraembryonic HBEGF deficiency on placental development was investigated by breeding mice heterozygous for the Hbegf null mutation. On gestation day 13.5, the average placental weights of the wild-type (Hbegf+/+) and heterozygous (Hbegf+/-) mice were approximately 76 and 77 mg, respectively, as opposed to reduced average placental weights of approximately 61 mg in homozygous null (Hbgef-/-) females. In contrast, fetal weights were not significantly affected by genotype. HBEGF immunostaining in placental sections was Hbegf gene dosage-dependent, while expression of other EGF family members was comparable in Hbegf+/+ and Hbegf-/- placentas. Histological analysis revealed no apparent differences in trophoblast giant cells, but the spongiotrophoblast region was reduced compared to labyrinth (P < 0.05) in Hbegf null placentas. While no differences in cell apoptosis were noted, proliferation as assessed by nuclear Ki67 staining was elevated in the labyrinth and decreased in the spongiotrophoblast region of Hbegf-/- placentas. Labyrinth morphology appeared disrupted in Hbegf -/- placentas stained with laminin, a marker for capillary basement membrane, and the capillary density was reduced. Immunohistochemical staining revealed reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in both spongiotrophoblast and labyrinth (P < 0.01) regions of Hbegf-/- placentas. In vitro, HBEGF supplementation increases the expression of VEGF in a human trophoblast cell line. These findings suggest that trophoblast HBEGF promotes placental capillary formation by inducing VEGF in the developing placenta of mice.
Next Generation Photonics Based on 2D Materials

Two dimensional materials such as monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are expected to have large changes in their optical sheet conductivity by controlling their carrier densities. We demonstrate a platform for waveguide-integrated phase modulators in the nearinfrared regime based on Tungsten disulphide (WS 2 ) gating.
What roles should the government play in fostering the advancement of the internet of things

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to transform the way we live, work, do business, and meet the needs of the public. While IoT's potential benefits for economic growth and social welfare appear to be indisputable, IoT faces several technological, social, legal, and regulatory policy challenges, ranging from interoperability and spectrum availability to cybersecurity and privacy. These challenges can and should be addressed by the joint efforts of a wide range of stakeholders from the public and private sector. The advancement of IoT depends in part on how policymakers respond to the opportunities and challenges associated with it. This research aims to identify the potential roles for the government in fostering the advancement of IoT innovation and adoption. To this end, we analyze data collected from 177 documents of public comments submitted to the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration and from a focus group discussion with senior managers. Our content data analysis results in a set of recommendations for the government in terms of general policy principles, specific policy prescriptions, and governance and process approach that facilitate policy development.
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, T/megakaryoblastic.

![Figure][1] A newborn boy presented with leukocytosis (45 × 109/L), anemia (10 g/dL), and thrombocytopenia (12 × 109/L). Peripheral blood flow cytometry showed CD45 dim-to-negative blasts (panel A) positive for CD13, CD33 (subset), CD117, CD34, CD42b (panel B; >50% CD34-positive blasts
A Versatile Polypharmacology Platform Promotes Cytoprotection and Viability of Human Pluripotent and Differentiated Cells

Abstract Clinical translation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires advanced strategies that ensure safe and robust long-term growth and functional differentiation. Pluripotent cells are capable of extensive self-renewal, yet remain highly sensitive to environmental perturbations in vitro, posing challenges to their therapeutic use. Here, we deployed innovative high-throughput screening strategies to identify a small molecule cocktail that dramatically improves viability of hPSCs and their differentiated progeny. We discovered that the combination of Chroman 1, Emricasan, Polyamines, and Trans-ISRIB (CEPT) enhanced cell survival of genetically stable hPSCs by simultaneously blocking several stress mechanisms that otherwise compromise cell structure and function. In proof-of-principle experiments we then demonstrated the strong improvements that CEPT provided for several key applications in stem cell research, including routine cell passaging, cryopreservation of pluripotent and differentiated cells, embryoid body and organoid formation, single-cell cloning, genome editing, and new iPSC line generation. Thus, CEPT represents a unique polypharmacology strategy for comprehensive cytoprotection, providing a new rationale for efficient and safe utilization of hPSCs. Conferring cell fitness by multi-target drug combinations may become a common approach in cryobiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine.
Zoonotic Infections and Biowarfare Agents in Critical Care: Anthrax, Plague, and Tularemia

Bacterial zoonotic infections are rare in developed countries in the twenty-first century but may cause major morbidity and mortality in developing regions of the world. In addition, their potential use as biological weapons makes early recognition and effective empiric therapy important for the critical care practitioner. Anthrax, plague, and tularemia share overlapping presenting syndromes, including fulminant respiratory infections and less severe but still highly morbid lymphocutaneous infections. Although all three may be transmitted as infectious aerosols, only plague has a risk of direct human-to-human transmission. Diagnostic testing will require special precautions for laboratory staff and most often involvement of regional and national reference laboratories. Empiric therapy with aminoglycosides may be life-saving for plague and tularemia, while the treatment of anthrax is complex and varies depending on the site of infection. In outbreaks or for post-exposure prophylaxis, treatment with doxycycline or a fluoroquinolone is recommended for all three diseases.
Reciprocity-enhanced transmitter diversity for lasercom (Conference Presentation)

For some free-space laser communications (lasercom) links impacted by atmospheric-induced scintillation, the principle of reciprocity provides knowledge of a remote terminal's received intensity fluctuations based on measurements of the local terminal's received intensity fluctuations. We evaluate a reciprocity-enhanced technique using optical switching between multiple spatially-diverse transmit apertures to mitigate against atmospheric-induced scintillation. Experimental bit-error rate measurements are presented to quantify the expected performance of this approach in comparison to standard static diversity approaches. We investigate system constraints of this reciprocity-enhanced transmitter diversity approach, and identify candidate optical switches and digital logic for implementation.
Mutualism Wildlife Value Orientations Predict Support for Messages About Distance-Related Wildlife Conflict

Wildlife value orientations (WVOs) are used to address human–wildlife conflicts by developing value-framed messaging. However, little is known about whether WVOs (i.e., mutualism, domination) are useful in distance-related wildlife safety communication strategies. This study explores the predictive ability of mutualism and domination value orientations on study participants’ levels of agreement with distance-related safety messages. Distance-related wildlife safety messages were crafted to appeal to the four WVO typologies (i.e., traditionalist, mutualist, pluralist, and distanced). Undergraduate students were asked to rate their levels of agreement with a series of distance-related messages. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to create domination and mutualism dimension scores. Multiple regressions predicted levels of agreement with each of the messages from domination and mutualism. Study results indicated that in this sample of undergraduate student participants, only mutualism values predicted distance-related wildlife safety message agreement. This information can be used to help frame communications about distance-related wildlife issues.
The effects of ground-irregularity-cancelling prosthesis control on balance over uneven surfaces

Over half of individuals with a lower-limb amputation are unable to walk on uneven terrain. Using a prosthesis emulator system, we developed an irregularity-cancelling controller intended to reduce the effect of disturbances resulting from uneven surfaces. This controller functions by changing the neutral angles of two forefoot digits in response to local terrain heights. To isolate the effects of the controller, we also programmed a spring-like controller that maintained fixed neutral angles. Five participants with transtibial amputation walked on a treadmill with an uneven walking surface. Compared with the spring-like controller, the irregularity-cancelling controller reduced ankle torque variability by 41% in the sagittal plane and 64% in the frontal plane. However, user outcomes associated with balance were mostly unaffected; only trunk movement variability was reduced, whereas metabolic rate, mediolateral centre of mass motion, and variabilities in step width, step length and step time were unchanged. We conclude that reducing ankle torque variability of the affected limb is not sufficient for reducing the overall effect of disturbances due to uneven terrain. It is possible that other factors, such as changes in step height or disturbances to the intact limb, play a larger role in difficulty balancing while walking over uneven surfaces.
Trimodality Therapy With or Without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Abstract Background Bladder-sparing chemoradiation therapy is a definitive first-line treatment option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Randomized trials have demonstrated that the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to radical cystectomy or radiation monotherapy results in a survival benefit. Whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes when used with definitive chemoradiation is unknown. Patients and Methods We identified 2566 patients in the National Cancer Data Base with cT2-4N0M0 urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with definitive intent concurrent chemoradiation from 2004 to 2015. The exposure of interest was receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus those without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome was overall survival defined from the time of diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to compare survival between groups. Sensitivity analyses tested (1) an interaction term for clinical T stage and (2) defining survival from start of radiation (as opposed to time of diagnosis) to address potential leading time bias. Results We identified 462 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and 2104 patients treated with chemoradiation alone. With a median follow-up of 6.2 years, we found no difference in survival between groups: 5-year or 10-year overall survival of 30.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.4%-32.9%) in the neoadjuvant group versus 31.8% (95% CI, 27.0%-36.8%) in the standard chemoradiation therapy group and 13.3% (95% CI, 11.2%-15.5%) in the neoadjuvant group versus 13.0% (95% CI, 8.4%-18.7%) in the standard chemoradiation therapy group, respectively (log-rank P = .19). On multivariable analysis we found no association between receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.15; P = .921). The sensitivity analyses did not identify any differential effect by clinical T stage nor by defining survival from start of radiation. Conclusion These results do not support the routine addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to definitive chemoradiation for bladder cancer, and optimizing the chemotherapy sequencing and regimens for bladder-preserving approaches to muscle invasive bladder cancer should continue to be studied under prospective clinical trials.
Aspiring to Do All Things Through Him Who Strengthens? Quixotic Hope, Religiosity, and Mental Health in Emerging Adulthood:

Beliefs about the probability of educational success tend to be very optimistic in the United States. However, scholars are beginning to uncover mental health consequences associated with quixotic ...
Striatal low-threshold spiking interneurons locally gate dopamine

Summary The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is a central hub supporting goal-directed learning and motor performance. Recent evidence has revealed unexpected roles for local inhibitory GABAergic networks in modulating striatal output and behavior.1 The sparse low-threshold spiking interneuron subtype (LTSI), which exhibits robust reward-circumscribed population activity, is a bidirectional regulator of initial goal-directed learning.2 Striatal dopamine signaling is a central reward-related neuromodulatory system mediating goal-directed action and performance, serving as a teaching signal,3 facilitating synaptic plasticity,4 and invigorating motor behaviors.5 Given the dynamic modulation of LTSIs during goal-directed behavior, we hypothesized that they could provide a novel GABAergic mechanism of local striatal dopaminergic regulation to shape early learning. We provide anatomical evidence for close proximation of LTSI terminals and dopaminergic processes in striatum, suggesting that LTSIs directly control dopaminergic axon activity. Using in vitro fast scan cyclic voltammetry, we demonstrate that LTSIs directly attenuate optogenetically evoked dopamine via GABAB receptor signaling. In vivo, GRABDA dopamine sensor imaging shows that LTSIs strongly modulate striatal dopamine dynamics during operant learning, while pharmacological stabilization of dopamine via intra-striatal aripiprazole microinjection suppresses the effects of LTSI inhibition on learning. Together, these results uncover an unexpected function for LTSIs in gating striatal dopamine to facilitate goal-directed learning.
Tree trace reconstruction using subtraces.

Tree trace reconstruction aims to learn the binary node labels of a tree, given independent samples of the tree passed through an appropriately defined deletion channel. In recent work, Davies, Racz, and Rashtchian used combinatorial methods to show that $\exp(\mathcal{O}(k \log_{k} n))$ samples suffice to reconstruct a complete $k$-ary tree with $n$ nodes with high probability. We provide an alternative proof of this result, which allows us to generalize it to a broader class of tree topologies and deletion models. In our proofs, we introduce the notion of a subtrace, which enables us to connect with and generalize recent mean-based complex analytic algorithms for string trace reconstruction.
Existence of a fundamental tradeoff between absorptivity and omnidirectionality in metasurfaces

Perfect absorptivity coupled with omnidirectionality is a design goal for many absorbers and emitters used in sensing. We report the existence of a fundamental tradeoff between these two quantities in thin metasurface based absorbers.
Socialization via Interscholastic Athletics: Its Effects on Educational Attainment

Abstract The present study was designed to assess the influence of athletics on educational attainment. It tested Spady's (1970) contention that high school athletes were deficit in the academic skills necessary for later success in college because athletics were their only form of extracurricular involvement. A 1975 Maryland sample (N = 239) and a 1977 Pennsylvania sample (N = 403) of male and female high school students were categorized into athlete-only and athlete-service groups and then compared on Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores. Comparisons were also made to the national average for males and females. Results from both samples supported Spady's contention for males, but not for females. Athlete-only males were significantly lower (p ≤ .01) than the 1975 and 1977 male national averages. By contrast, athlete-service males were significantly higher than the 1975 male national average. The findings are discussed in terms of the influence exerted by significant others (e.g., parents, coaches) to e...
A ZVS dual resonant converter for battery charging applications

A load side resonant, high power density, DC-to-DC converter is discussed. The proposed converter features a constant current source output characteristic while utilizing all component parasitics. The converter is based on a half-bridge topology with zero voltage switching (ZVS) characteristics, feeding an isolation transformer and output rectifiers. The converter's resonant action is based on the leakage inductance of the isolation transformer and the output rectifier capacitance. This output side resonance resets the energy normally dissipated in the Schottky capacitance and also enables a buck-boost condition for the output voltage. The converter demonstrates current source output characteristics which are applied to a battery charging application. Coaxial winding techniques for the isolation transformer are also investigated. These winding characteristics are shown to be unique and favorable when applied to DC-to-DC converters and especially the dual resonant converter topology. >
ONYX: An architecture for planning in uncertain environments

The ONYX program is designed to fill the need for planning in application areas where traditional planning methodology is difficult to apply. While the program being developed will assist with the planning of cancer therapy, its architecture is intended to be of use whenever goals are ill-specified, plan operators have uncertain effects, or trade-offs and unresolvable conflicts occur between goals. We describe a planning process which uses strategic information and a mechanistic model of the domain. The process consists of three steps: (1) generate a small set of plausible plans based on current data, (2) simulate those plans to predict their possible consequences, and (3) based on the results of those simulations, rank the plans according to how well each meets the goals for the situation.
When Mestizo Becomes (Like) Indio ... or is it Garífuna?: Multicultural Rights and "Making Place" on Honduras' North Coast

Este articulo explora la relacion entre el poder, el control de recursos, y la construccion de identidad dentro del contexto de la lucha por parte de los Garifunas para recuperar su territorio ancestral en la costa norte de Honduras. La articulacion de una identidad indigena ha permitido a los Garifunas un medio para afirmar su derecho a la autodeterminacion, el acceso y el control de recursos principales en una economia creciente de turismo donde la tierra es sumamente deseable. Este articulo se enfoca en las respuestas de miembros comunes de la poblacion dominante (los mestizos) a la emergencia de derechos multiculturales, como ellos procuran �hacer prevalecer� y demostrar su derecho a recursos en una comunidad Garifuna
Current Trends in Supraventricular Tachycardia Management

Background Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a general term describing a group of arrhythmias whose mechanism involves or is above the atrioventricular node. The mechanisms of most forms of SVT have been elucidated, and pharmacologic and invasive therapies have evolved simultaneously. Methods We provide a brief overview of the mechanisms, classifications, and electrocardiographic characteristics of different SVTs and describe current trends in noninvasive and invasive therapies. Results The term SVT encompasses a heterogeneous group of arrhythmias with different electrophysiologic characteristics. Knowledge of the mechanism of each SVT is important in determining management at the bedside and in the electrophysiology laboratory. Conclusion In the acute setting, vagal maneuvers and pharmacologic therapy can be effective in arrhythmia termination. Catheter-based radiofrequency ablation has revolutionized therapy for many SVTs, and newer techniques have significantly improved ablation efficacy and reduced periprocedural complications and procedure times. Cryoablation is currently being investigated as an alternative form of energy delivery, although the long-term effectiveness of this procedure currently limits its use for many SVTs.
The Evidence against Prophylactic Nasogastric Intubation and Oral Restriction

Evidence-based perioperative care plans after colorectal surgery serve to improve quality outcome, decrease complications, and reduce medical cost. The benefits of routine nasogastric decompression and prolonged enteral restriction after bowel resection are not supported in this new era of evidence-based surgical care. Prophylactic nasogastric decompression fails to improve bowel function, length of stay, and prevent anastomotic leak, wound complications (infection, fascial dehiscence, incisional hernia), pulmonary complications (atelectasis, aspiration, pneumonia, fever, pharyngolaryngitis), and abdominal discomfort (distension, nausea, vomiting). Patients have earlier return of bowel function without the use of a nasogastric tube (NGT). Early refeeding within 24 hours after bowel resection is well tolerated in 80 to 90% of patients, and associated with earlier hospital discharge, decreased risk of infection, and improved postoperative hyperglycemic control. Abdominal discomfort is the most common complication observed in patients treated with early feeding and without a NGT, but does not result in higher therapeutic nasogastric intubation, postoperative ileus, aspiration, or other complications. The use of multimodal adjuncts in combination with these guidelines should be considered to improve outcome. The current literature is reviewed with suggestions for achieving better outcomes after colorectal resection.
HOST EFFECTS ON HERBIVORY AND POLLINATION IN A HEMIPARASITIC PLANT

The indirect effects of hosts on interactions between parasites and other species are not well understood, and it may be difficult to predict the outcome of host species effects on parasite performance due to the complexity of potential direct and indirect effects. For example, parasitic plants obtain defensive compounds as well as nutrients from their hosts, and thus many attributes of parasitic plants are dependent on the quality of their host species. Here I measure the effect of a lupine host species ( Lupinus argenteus) compared to other host species on herbivory, pollination, and female plant fitness in the hemiparasite Indian paintbrush (Castilleja miniata) using a series of field experiments. Association with lupine was determined in the field by assaying Indian paintbrush leaves for lupine alkaloids. I found that Indian paintbrush plants parasitizing lupines experienced reduced herbivory from plume moth larvae, agromyzid fly larvae, and deer, relative to Indian paintbrush plants parasitizing other host species. However, there was no correlation between alkaloid content of inflorescences and plume moth performance. Host species did not affect pollinator preference for Indian paintbrush in the field. Indian paintbrush para- sitizing lupines produced twice as many seeds overall as Indian paintbrush parasitizing other host species. Correlations suggest that this benefit arises both from reduced herbivory and increased nitrogenous resources. The reduction of herbivory in Indian paintbrush plants parasitizing lupines indicates that host species can affect performance of hemiparasites via indirect pathways, and that the larger community of herbivores could alter the impact of a host on its plant parasites.
Combining Asymmetric Catalysis with Natural Product Functionalization through Enantioselective α-Fluorination

An examination into the derivatization of various natural products using newly developed α-fluorination methodology is disclosed. An activated ketene enolate, generated from an acid chloride, is allowed to react with an electrophilic fluorine source (NFSi). Quenching the reaction with a nucleophilic natural product produces biologically relevant α-fluorinated carbonyl derivatives of select chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals.
Persistence of genetically engineered "Erwinia carotovora" in perturbed and unperturbed aquatic microcosms and effect on recovery of indigenous bacteria

Genetically engineeredErwinia carotovora persisted significantly longer in thermally perturbed microcosms (35 days) than in nonstressed microcosms (5 days). Decreased pressure of competitors and predators and increased nutrient availability were examined as the most probable reasons for greater vulnerability of perturbed microcosms to colonization by genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs). Indigenous bacteria that competed with GEMs for the same nutrient sources (protein, cellulose, pectate) were present immediately after perturbation in densities one to two orders of magnitude lower than in unperturbed microcosms, but their populations increased to densities significantly higher than in unperturbed microscosms 10 to 15 days after inoculation. Predators of bacteria (protozoans, cladocerans, nematodes, and rotifers) were present during the experiment in unperturbed microcosms, while dense populations of bacteriovorous nanoflagellates developed in perturbed microcosms. Preemptive inoculation of perturbed microcosms with GEMs did not have a longlasting effect on the recovery of total, proteolytic, cellulolytic, and pectolytic bacteria in perturbed microscosms, indicating the absence of competitive exclusion.
CONSTRUCTING 21st-CENTURY TEACHER EDUCATION

Much of what teachers need to know to be successful is invisible to lay observers, leading to the view that teaching requires little formal study and to frequent disdain for teacher education programs. The weakness of traditional program models that are collections of largely unrelated courses reinforce this low regard. This article argues that we have learned a great deal about how to create stronger, more effective teacher education programs. Three critical components of such programs include tight coherence and integration among courses and between course work and clinical work in schools, extensive and intensely supervised clinical work integrated with course work using pedagogies linking theory and practice, and closer, proactive relationships with schools that serve diverse learners effectively and develop and model good teaching. Also, schools of education should resist pressures to water down preparation, which ultimately undermine the preparation of entering teachers, the reputation of schools of education, and the strength of the profession.
Multidimensional Approach to Predicting Effectiveness of Complex Questioning Behavior

Criteria were developed for describing aspects of a complex teaching behavior, questioning, perceived by observers as critical to performance in a natural classroom context. High interobserver agreement was obtained to establish the criterion list consisting of procedural techniques and cognitive levels of questions. Results for 21 Ss in two teaching situations showed that selected procedural criteria were substantially more effective than selected cognitive levels in predicting the over-all effectiveness of the Ss questioning in encouraging student interaction in class discussion.
Spin orbital coupling and the Zeeman effect in molecular crystals

Abstract A theory of Zeeman intensity patterns for singlet-triplet transitions in molecular crystals is presented and tested by experiments on single crystals of p-dibromobenzene at 4.2°K. The results show that it is possible to make a direct measurement of which component of the spin-orbital interaction operator is most effective in obtaining intensity for the singlet-triplet transition.
Relatively rapid loss of lampricide residues from fillet tissue of fish after routine treatment

The selective sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvicide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is currently used to control parasitic sea lampreys in tributaries to the Great Lakes basin. The concentration and persistence of TFM and its major metabolite, TFM glucuronide (TFM-glu), was determined in fillet tissue of fish after a typical stream application. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed to a nominal concentration of 12.6 nmol/mL TFM for about 12 h during a sea lamprey control treatment of the Ford River in Michigan. Concentrations of TFM and TFM-glu were greatest in the fillet tissues during the exposure period, with greater residues in channel catfish (wet wt; mean, 6.95 nmol/g TFM; mean, 2.40 nmol/g TFM-glu) than in rainbow trout (wet wt; mean, 1.45 nmol/g TFM; mean, 0.93 nmol/g TFM-glu). After the exposure period, residues in both species decreased by 90−99% within 6−12 h and were less than the quantitation limit (<0.03 nmol/g) within 36 h. Key...
Abstract 2258: Celastrol shows chemopreventive properties in an inflammatory driven model for colon cancer via induction of Nrf2 transcription.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Celastrol is a natural triterpenoid isolated from the medicinal herb Triptyrgium wilfordii or Thunder of God vine. Celastrol has been shown to have a broad range of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. A mouse model for inflammatory-driven colon carcinogenesis combines a conditional T-cell deletion of the Smad4 gene with germ line deletion of the p27Kip1 gene. These genetic deletions result in spontaneous inflammation of the intestinal tract and associated early and aggressive development of cancer in the epithelia of both the small intestine and colon. In this study, administration of celastrol as a dietary supplement at a dose of 2 mg/kg is shown to be an effective strategy for cancer chemoprevention in this mouse model of colon carcinogenesis. Mice of this strain on a celastrol-supplemented diet had increased overall health and increased survival compared to mice receiving control diet. In vivo, celastrol was observed to increase the otherwise suppressed expression of cytoprotective Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) target genes (in comparison to wild type) and also to decrease expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and accumulation of circulating nitric oxide in serum. In vitro, celastrol also induces antioxidant and cytoprotective activity through the induction of Nrf2 transcription as confirmed using macrophages derived from bone marrow of Nrf2-/- mice compared to wildtype. Celastrol induces the expression of many known Nrf2 target genes, including Hemeoxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone reductase-1, glutathione-S reductase, catalase and Nrf2 itself. This activity is abrogated in macrophages from Nrf2-/- mice. These data provide additional mechanistic insight on the potent anti-inflammatory activity of celastrol and present a rationale to further explore the capacity of dietary celastrol to suppress carcinogenesis in other, classical models of colon carcinogenesis with an emphasis on future potential for clinical translation. Citation Format: Emily Barker, John J. Letterio, Gregory P. Tochtrop. Celastrol shows chemopreventive properties in an inflammatory driven model for colon cancer via induction of Nrf2 transcription. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2258. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2258