cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasticity and Function of Associational Input to the Motor Cortex

It has been shown that there are cortical efferent zones within the depth of the motor cortex which when stimulated produce contraction of a particular muscle (Asanuma and Rosen 1972). Each efferent zone receives peripheral input related to contraction of the target muscle constituting a closed loop circuit between the cortex and the periphery (Rosen and Asanuma 1972). Part of this sensory input arrives at the motor cortex directly from the thalamus and part indirectly via the sensory cortex (Asanuma et al. 1979). The direct input ascends through the dorsal column (DC) to the thalamus and the indirect input ascends through the DC and the spinothalamic tract (Asanuma et al. 1980). Section of the dorsal column (Wall 1970) or ablation of the sensory cortex (Travis and Woolsey 1956) produces some motor deficit, but function recovers nearly completely within a week or two. However, when the sensory cortex was removed after dorsal column section, the animal was paralyzed (Asanuma and Arissian 1984). We were interested in this observation because the results suggested there was reorganization of the projection from the sensory cortex to the motor cortex following elimination of the direct input. In this series of experiments, however, we used thalamic lesion instead of DC section.
The “New Mestiza,” the Old Mestizos: Contrasting Discourses on Mestizaje*: THE “NEW MESTIZA,” THE OLD MESTIZOS

This article analyzes varying, inconsistent, representations of “mestizaje” (generally construed as racial or cultural mixing in the Americas) deriving from different historical settings and ideological frameworks. It particularly focuses on what I here term “old mestizaje,” summarized in the writings of Latin American intellectuals of the first quarter of the twentieth century, such as Mexican philosopher Jose Vasconcelos (The Cosmic Race); and “new mestizaje,” articulated in the works of such contemporary thinkers as Chicana writer Gloria Anzaldua (Borderlands/La Frontera: The NewMestiza). The center piece of the article is the contradictions and fractures between old and new discourses in terms of their underlying views of race, identity, and “destiny.” It examines the links of old mestizaje with essentialist, Social Darwinist, concepts, and the foundations of new mestizaje on a critical cultural studies paradigm. I propose that various aspects of old mestizaje infused hegemonic racial ideologies throughout Latin America and engendered a form of “color blindness” that obscured pervasive racial inequalities in the region.
Novel Antiplatelet Agent Ticagrelor in the Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Current clinical guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet agents namely aspirin and clopidogrel for the treatment of patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). But the efficacy of clopidogrel is variable as it is a pro-drug, which has to be metabolized to become an active drug thus exhibiting variable platelet inhibition, increases risk of bleeding, stent thrombosis, and ischemia. To overcome this limitation, prasugrel was developed with increased antiplatelet activity thereby reducing the risk of myocardial ischemia and stent thrombosis. This action of prasugrel was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding. Finally, a novel reversible and direct-acting oral adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist, ticagrelor was developed that showed consistent and increased P2Y12 inhibition with similar incidence of bleeding but greater reduction in cardiac events compared to clopidogrel. The focus of this article is to review ticagrelor as a new class of P2Y12 inhibitor.
Follow-up of adolescent trauma victims: a new model of care

A comprehensive model of service delivery for the rehabilitative care of adolescents with closed head injuries is presented. Our data show that the Glasgow Coma Scale score on hospital admission correlates with the length of time required for follow-up. Adolescents with mild closed head injuries require more follow-up than adults with comparable injuries because of adolescent developmental stages that complicate the recovery process. Anticipatory guidance has helped the patient and family cope with stresses. Finally, we have identified a typical pattern of difficulties during the recovery process including: impaired judgment, reduced attention span, irritability, short-term memory loss, and ongoing memory deficits.
Vitamins Analysis in Food

Vitamin assay of biological materials represents a large and rapidly expanding area. Methods now rely heavily on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, microbiological assay of the water-soluble vitamins is still routinely used for food analysis owing to the sensitivity and specificity of the methods. An extensive table on physical properties of the vitamins is provided. Such information is dispersed widely in the literature and is often not at the analyst's fingertips when needed. This article concentrates on providing the reader with current HPLC approaches to vitamin analysis of food. Tables are provided that give method summaries referenced to the original work. Because of the scope of the area, recent text references are provided for readers requiring more in-depth knowledge.
On the line element of a static spherical shell of matter in vacuum

A solution for the gravitational field in a static spherical shell of matter is given. It is pointed out that the result obtained by Papapetrou and Hamoui does not need to be in contradiction with the result of Leibovitz.
Scaffolding carbon nanotubes into single-molecule circuitry

While nanowires and nanotubes have been shown to be electrically sensitive to various chemicals, not enough is known about the underlying mechanisms to control or tailor this sensitivity. By limiting the chemically sensitive region of a nanostructure to a single binding site, single molecule precision can be obtained to study the chemoresistive response. We have developed techniques using single-walled- carbon-nanotube (SWCNT) circuits that enable single-site experimentation and illuminate the dynamics of chemical interactions. Discrete changes in the circuit conductance reveal chemical processes happening in real-time and allow SWCNT sidewalls to be deterministically broken, reformed, and conjugated to target species.
Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science—XXIII: Dieter Stöffler

In this interview, Dieter Stoffler (Fig. 1) describes how his interest in meteorites and impact craters dates from his Ph.D. studies at the University of Tubingen when it was learned that the Ries crater was formed by impact. A paper by Dieter's advisor, Wolf von Engelhardt, also triggered an interest in meteorites. After graduation, Dieter helped to establish a laboratory for high pressure mineralogy and he examined rocks from the Ries crater, which led to the concept of progressive shock metamorphism. The group also worked on newly returned Apollo samples and guided astronauts over the crater. A year at the NASA Ames Research Center taught Dieter about experimental impact research with a light-gas gun. After a few more years at Tubingen, Dieter obtained a professorship at the University of Munster where he created the Institute of Planetology, got involved in planning space missions including comet sample return, and continued high pressure mineralogy in collaboration with colleagues in Freiburg. Through several decades of research, Dieter and colleagues have documented the effects of shock on all the major rock-forming minerals and devised widely accepted schemes for the classification of shocked rocks. After the unification of Germany, Dieter became Director of the Natural History Museum in Berlin, during which he made much progress rebuilding the laboratories and the collections. Dieter also helped to create a museum and research center in the Ries crater. He received the Barringer Award of the Meteoritical Society in 1994 and several prestigious awards in Germany.
Recognition memory of preschool children for pictures and words

Preshool children’s memory of words and pictures was examined using a recognition-memory task. The results indicated that pictures were better retained than words. These findings were discussed in terms of previous research and theory that has dealt with children’s modes of representing information.
A Rationale for Management of Periodontal Diseases: Rapid Identification of Microbial ‘Therapeutic Targets’ with Phase-Contrast Microscopy

Monitoring the composition of subgingival flora can provide clinicians with a supplement to periodontal diagnosis and therapy. Conventional bacteriologic culturing may be clinically impractical, but direct microscopy may not.
The structural polypeptides of RNA slow viruses.

Abstract The structural polypeptides of the RNA slow viruses Visna, Maedi, Progressive Pneumonia Virus, and Zwoegerziekte have been determined by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in a discontinuous SDS system. Identical patterns were obtained of 15 polypeptides of molecular weight ranging from 14,000 to 140,000 daltons. Most of the mass of protein is in three small molecular weight polypeptides; the major polypeptide species has a molecular weight of 25,000. A distinctive glycopeptide of molecular weight 140,000 is present in each virus; three additional glycopeptides were found, one of which is barely detected in radiolabeling experiments. There is one phosphorylated polypeptide. In a comparative study of RNA slow viruses and tumor viruses, 9 of 15 polypeptides of visna virus comigrated with 13 polypeptides of Rous sarcoma virus including the major 25,000 MW polypeptide of each virion. In addition, the isoelectric point of visna was 3.8 in conformity to the isoelectric point reported for Rous sarcoma virus. Distinctive small molecular weight polypeptides and a totally different pattern of glycosylation constitute the main differences of the polypeptides of these two groups of viruses. Extensive studies of the purification procedures for C-type viruses were carried out and criteria for virus purity delineated. The expectations for the relationship of the structural polypeptides to antigenic determinants are discussed.
Steppingstone and gateway ideas: a discussion of origins, research challenges, and promising lines of research for the future

In this discussion of contributed papers for the special issue of DAD, the author draws attention to early American laws concerning cannabis and to statements made about the epidemiology of cannabis smoking and other drug use between 1858 and the contemporary scene, with coverage of opium, heroin, tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, kava, and other drugs. He discusses these steppingstone and gateway processes in relation to political environment and in relation to scientific challenges such as uncontrolled confounding. He provides a critique of between-individual research designs, including co-twin and co-sib designs of behavior genetics, as well as imaging research, where uncontrolled confounding often exists. He highlights the epidemiologic case-crossover design and prevention research experiments as potentially valuable approaches in new directions for research on the steppingstone and gateway processes.
Inhibition of FLT3 in MLL: Validation of a therapeutic target identified by gene expression based classification

We recently found that MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemias (MLL) have a unique gene expression profile including high level expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3. We hypothesized that FLT3 might be a therapeutic target in MLL and found that 5 of 30 MLLs contain mutations in the activation loop of FLT3 that result in constitutive activation. Three are a newly described deletion of I836 and the others are D835 mutations. The recently described FLT3 inhibitor PKC412 proved cytotoxic to Ba/F3 cells dependent upon activated FLT3 containing either mutation. PKC412 is also differentially cytotoxic to leukemia cells with MLL translocations and FLT3 that is activated by either overexpression of the wild-type receptor or mutation. Finally, we developed a mouse model of MLL and used bioluminescent imaging to determine that PKC412 is active against MLL in vivo.
Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Gene Expression in the Midgut of Drosophila

The slowpoke gene of Drosophila encodes a pore-forming subunit of a BK-type Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel. The gene is expressed in neurons, muscles, tracheal cells and in the midgut. The P1 transgene gene contains the entire slowpoke transcriptional control region and drives the expression of a reporter protein comprised of slowpoke amino terminal sequences fused to beta-galactosidase. Here we show that midgut expression is limited to the copper cell and iron cell regions. The copper cell region is composed of two cell types, the copper cells and the interstitial cells. The P1 transgene is expressed in the interstitial cells but not the copper cells. Furthermore, we show that the reporter protein is apically localized in the interstitial cells. In these cells, the slowpoke Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel is thought to participate in the transport of ions between the hemolymph and the lumen of the gut. Subcellularly localized BK channels may be involved in the secretion of acid into the gut lumen. An analogous role for basolaterally localized BK channels has been proposed in the acid-secreting intercalating cells of the human kidney.
Critical appraisal of revised cholesterol guidelines for the very high-risk patient.

A working group from the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Educational Program issued a revised algorithm for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol lowering in very high-risk cardiovascular disease patients. The rationale for these recommendations was primarily established from pooled analysis of multiple clinical trials of LDL-cholesterol-lowering therapies and limited data from an acute coronary syndrome trial. In the near future, the findings of these large-scale randomized trials designed to test the hypothesis that more aggressive LDL-cholesterol therapy is accompanied by fewer cardiovascular events than less aggressive LDL-cholesterol lowering therapy, will provide the evidence needed to support or refute these new recommendations. In this article, the authors suggest that an LDL-cholesterol level of less than 70 mg/dl is unattainable and not necessary for many high-risk patients. Furthermore, the potential risks associated with high-dose statin agents in certain patients, su...
CEPM 5: project management - critical path method (CPM) and PERT simulated with processmodel

ProcessModel simulation allows the activity times of a project to be represented by a variety of distributions and further the resulting project time may also be represented by a variety of distributions. This is a significant improvement over the traditional methods of CPM and PERT. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) takes the CPM network and adds distributions to represent the activity times of the project. CPM assumes the activity times to be constant, which is not likely in the real world. PERT assumes the activity times of the project to be distributed as Beta distributions and the resulting project time to be a Normal distribution. This is better than assuming them to be constant, but these assumptions are needlessly restrictive. This paper demonstrates how simulation with ProcessModel can remove these needless restrictions.
Price-mediated trade with quantity signals: an axiomatic approach

Abstract We consider a mechanism in which individuals send signals, indicating how much of each commodity they are willing to put up for trade. The mechanism produces prices and redistributes the commodities. We require that the map from signals to trades and prices, satisfy certain axioms and show that there are in essence only a finite number of mechanisms (i.e. maps) which satisfy these axioms. They include the Shapley mechanism and the Shapley–Shubik mechanism, and variants that lie “in between” the two. We also point out an open problem regarding a convexity property of these mechanisms, which is germane to the analysis of games based on them.
Direct electrochemical degradation of organic wastes in aqueous media

The goals of research reported here include the discovery of optimal electrocatalytic materials and electrolysis conditions for rapid degradation of organic compounds to CO2(g). Concepts of the designated procedure are summarized with emphasis on the carboxylic acids generated as intermediate products during anodic degradation of 4-chlorophenol and benzoquinone. Data are summarized for various electrode materials including oxide-covered Pt, as well as PbO2 and SnO2 films that are heavily doped with altervalent metallic cations. The anodic degradation reactions have in common the fact that they involve transfer of O-atoms from H2O in the solvent phase to the oxidation products. Therefore, variations in reactivity of electrode materials are ascribed to differences in the extent of electrocatalytic participation of these electrode surfaces within the anodic O-transfer mechanisms. Results are explained on the basis of the following mechanistic speculations: (1) a prerequisite of the required anodic O-transfer reactions is the discharge of H2O to generate adsorbed hydroxyl radicals; (2) a co-requisite is preadsorption of the reactant species; (3) the O-transfer step occurs from (OH)ads to (R)ads; and (4) an inevitable but undesirable concomitant reaction is the anodic evolution of O2(g). The expected benefit of elevated anode temperature is verified for degradation of acetic acid at a Pt anode. Also, cyanuric acid generated as a stable product of photocatalytic degradation processes is demonstrated to be degraded by anodic reaction at a Pt electrode. Recovery of nitrate is approximately 70% during degradation of cyanuric acid and it is speculated that some volatile N-species is lost during the procedure.
Neuroscience: Brain's defence against cocaine.

Long-term exposure to cocaine changes the organization of synaptic connections within the addiction circuitry of the brain. This process might protect against the development and persistence of addiction.
The coexistence of silicon borides with boron-saturated silicon: Metastability of SiB 3

The silicon-rich end of the Si-B phase diagram, defining the silicon boride(s) that coexist in equilibrium with boron-saturated silicon, is poorly known. Understanding this equilibrium has implications for the processing of p+ silicon wafers, whose boron concentrations are near the solubility limit. Additionally, silicon boride precipitates produced by boron-ion-implantation and annealing of crystalline silicon have recently been shown to be efficient internal getters of transition metal ions. The experiments described in this paper probe the stability of these silicon borides. A phase with a boron-carbide-like structure, SiB3, grows from boron-saturated silicon in both the solid and the liquid state. However, SiB3 is not found to be stable in either circumstance. Rather, SiB3 is a metastable phase whose formation is driven by the relative ease of its nucleation and growth. The silicon boride that exists in stable equilibrium with boron-saturated silicon is SiB6. A qualitative understanding of the metastability of SiB3 comes from recognizing the conflict between the bonding requirements of icosahedral borides such as SiB3 and the size mismatch between silicon and boron atoms.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD)/Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint – FNA findings and microanalysis

We report a case of a Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) presenting as a mass in the parotid and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) that simulated a parotid tumor. A 35 year-old man presented with pain in the left ear area. A CT Scan of the area showed a large, calcified mass surrounding the left condylar head, and extending into the infratemporal fossa. FNA of the mass showed birefringent crystals, most of which were rhomboid with occasional ones being needle shaped, embedded in an amorphous pink substance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of these crystals showed peaks corresponding to calcium and phosphorus. SEM/EDS is a rapid method of diagnosing calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) and an alternative to more commonly used method of special staining of cell block sections coupled with polarizing microscopy.
Curves under tension

We introduce a new type of parametrically defined space curve via rational blending functions involving parameters which allow for convenient control over local shape attributes while maintaining global curvature continuity.
Style consistent nearest neighbor classifier

ABSTRACT Most pattern classiers are trained on data from multiple sources, so that they can accurately classify data fromany source. However, in many applications, it is necessary to classify groups of test patterns, with patternsin each group generated by the same source. The co-occurring patterns in a group are statistically dependentdue to the commonality of source. The dependence between these patterns introduces style context within agroup that can be exploited to improve the classication accuracy. In this paper, we present a style consistentnearest neighbor classier that exploits style context in groups of adjacent patterns to improve the classicationaccuracy. We demonstrate the ecacy of the proposed classier on a dataset of machine-printed digits wherethe proposed classier reduces the error rate by 64.5%.Keywords: Style consistency, nearest neighbor classier, discrete-style model 1. INTRODUCTION When a classier is presented with patterns in groups, the isogeny of co-occurring patterns in a group induces astatistical dependence between them, which can be exploited to improve the accuracy of the multi-source patternclassier. The constraint on the occurrence of patterns is called style constraint or style consistency .A style consistent classier uses all the available information from both training (source labels) and test (styleconsistency) data to improve classication accuracy over a conventional classier. The conventional classier iscalled a singlet classiÞer to emphasize that it classies only one pattern (a singlet; e.g., character, phoneme etc.)at a time, and to distinguish it from a Þeld classiÞer , which classies a group of test patterns together. The groupof patterns classied together is referred to as a eld; e.g., written or spoken words. The style consistent classier a eld classier assumes that the test eld to be classied is isogenous and, therefore, style consistent. Styleconsistent classication has been demonstrated to yield higher accuracies in a variety of multi-source GaussianBayes classiers.
Sensitivity of isolated oat root cap cells and protoplasts to victorin

Isolated root cap cells can be used to study the effects of victorin on large populations of intact oat cells. The isolation of oat root cap protoplasts allowed a comparison of victorin-induced death of cells, with or without cell walls. Isolated root cap cells and protoplasts were incubated at 35°C in 0·6 M sorbitol, with or without victorin. Cell or protoplast viability was judged using fluorescein diacetate. Fifty percent of the cells and protoplasts from a susceptible oat cultivar were killed after 10 h in 20 units ml−1 victorin; 50–150 units ml−1 victorin caused 100% death within 6 h. Cells and protoplasts from resistant oat cultivars were not killed by up to 200 units ml−1 victorin. There was no difference in the rate of death of cells with or without cell walls; therefore, the cell wall is not the site of victorin's lethal effects. The root cap cell bioassay was also used to compare the sensitivity of other oat cell types. Root epidermal cells died at the same rate as root cap cells, but root hair and leaf mesophyll cells were at least 10-fold more sensitive to victorin than root cap cells. These results emphasize the need for caution in interpreting pathotoxin studies which employ intact plant tissues that contain a variety of cell types.
Using PETSc to develop scalable applications for next-generation power grid

Developing scalable software for existing and emerging power system problems is a challenging task and requires considerable time and effort. This effort can be reduced by using high performance software libraries, such as PETSc, which are tested on a gamut of scientific applications, used on single-core machines to supercomputers, have highly optimized implementations, and a wide array of tested numerical solvers. High performance libraries have not yet been used by the power system community for developing power system applications, but such libraries have been well ex- plored by researchers doing PDE simulations. This paper introduces the high performance library PETSc and motivates using such high performance libraries for developing existing and future power system applications.
Increased Sensitivity of the Microbiological Assay for Biotin by Lactobacillus plantarum

Addition of Tween 80 to biotin assay medium containing acid-hydrolyzed casein as the amino acid source caused marked growth of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 in the absence of added biotin. This growth-promoting activity could be eliminated by treating the "vitamin-free" Casamino Acids (Difco) with activated charcoal (Darco G-60) at pH 3.5 for 30 to 60 min. Incorporation of Tween 80 and charcoal-purified Casamino Acids (PCA) into the assay medium (0.8 g and 27 g, respectively, per liter of single strength medium) in place of unpurified Casamino Acids resulted in a medium in which L. plantarum responded to 30 to 50 times less biotin over an extended linear response range (1.3 logs versus 1.0 log) than was required for similar growth in the standard medium. Endogenous growth in the modified medium was absent if the inoculum used was of low density, if it was prepared from biotin-deficient cells, and if the reagents used were free from contaminating traces of biotin. Assays of biological materials for biotin content using the standard medium and the Tween 80-PCA-modified medium resulted in nearly identical values for all samples tested.
The VLSI implementation of a square root algorithm

VLSI implementation of a square root algorithm is studied. Two possible implementations of the basic non-restoring algorithm are presented — the second is more area-efficient and modular than the first. The implementations are simple and easy to control, but, at the same time, are more area-time efficient than many existing designs. A hardware algorithm suited to microprogram implementation is also given. Extension of the algorithms to achieve ½ bit precision is discussed.
Enhanced 3D localization of individual RNA transcripts via astigmatic imaging

Here we present an automated microscope capable of 3D multi-color single molecule localization of individual messenger RNA molecules in a wide range of cell types. We have implemented astigmatic imaging with a cylindrical lens to improve z-localization, and a maximum likelihood estimator on a graphics processing unit to improve localization precision and speed. This microscope will aid in gene expression analysis by its capability to perform high throughput imaging of thick cells and tissues while still maintaining sufficient z resolution to resolve single RNA transcripts in three dimensions. Enhanced z-localization allows for resolving membrane localized and co-localized transcripts.
Casimir dispersion forces and orientational pairwise additivity

A path-integral formulation is used to study the fluctuation-induced interactions between manifolds of arbitrary shape at large separations. It is shown that the form of the interactions crucially depends on the choice of the boundary condition. In particular, whether or not the Casimir interaction is pairwise additive is shown to depend on whether the ``metallic'' boundary condition corresponds to a ``grounded'' or an ``isolated'' manifold.
Synthesis, characterization, and use of 2-[(2H9)butoxy]acetic acid and 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid as an internal standard and an instrument performance surrogate, respectively, for the gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric determination of 2-butoxyacetic acid, a human metabolite of 2-butoxyethanol

Abstract 2-[(2H9)Butoxy]acetic acid and 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid were synthesized, mixed with 2-butoxyacetic acid, and separated by capillary gas chromatography on a fused-silica column with a length of 50 m, inside diameter of 0.200 mm, and a “free fatty acid phase” wall coating of 0.3 μm film. 2-[(2H9)Butoxy]acetic acid, 2-butoxyacetic acid, and 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid were baseline resolved at retention times of 13.55, 13.78, and 15.20 min; 2-(3-methylbutoxy)acetic acid having a peak efficiency of 360 000. Mass spectrometric detection using selected ion monitoring at m/z 66, 57, and 71 showed linear analytical responses from 0.04 ng to at least 200 ng with a limit of detection of 0.04 ng for 2-butoxyacetic acid.
Radon: A problem with problems

Le radon est reconnu inoffensif mais il se decompose en formant d'autres isotopes du Po, du Pb et du Bi qui sont dangereux pour la sante
A prospective double-blind evaluation of penicillin versus clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic infections

In a prospective, double-blind trial, penicillin and clindamycin were compared in treatment of moderate to severe orofacial infections of odontogenic origin, which yielded pus on aspiration. Among 27 patients randomized to receive penicillin, 22 (81%) had a successful outcome, and five (19%) were improved. In the 28 clindamycin-treated patients, 23 (82%) had a successful outcome, and five (18%) were improved. No failures were noted in either group. One patient who was receiving penicillin and two who were receiving clindamycin developed diarrhea. Bacteriologic results showed an average of 6.1 organisms per culture (2.5 aerobes and 3.6 anaerobes). Resistance rates for anaerobic isolates were 8.9% to penicillin and 1.9% to clindamycin. It was concluded that penicillin and clindamycin produce similar good results in treating odontogenic infection when the rate of penicillin resistance among oral anaerobic bacteria is at a relatively low level.
Optimal power control in MIMO systems with quantized feedback - [transactions papers]

We treat the problem of outage minimization via power control in MIMO systems with quantized feedback. We formulate the optimal quantized power control design for a general MIMO system and provide the numerical procedure for finding the optimal solution. Our results not only extend but also show the deficiency of the existing quantized power control schemes for MISO systems. We further propose a design based on the pre-evaluation of the packet error rate performance of practical MIMO systems employing short-length LDPC codes and QAM modulations and with possibly unreliable feedback links. It is demonstrated that with only a few bits of feedback, the resulting quantized power control strategy achieves considerable gain over a system without power control.
Camus' "Guest": The Inadmissible Complicity

Early analyses of Camus' tale, "The Guest," generally reflect the political tensions that rent Algeria in the 1950's. Since these tensions have disappeared, we are able to read the tale as a personal drama recounting the moral dilemma of its, narrator-protagonist. Scrutiny of his censored account reveals his retreat from an action which would compromise his innocence. The story registers the author's awareness of the ambiguities of moral decision and testifies to the refinement of his thought since the composition of The Plague. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol2/iss2/4 CAMUS' "GUEST": THE INADMISSIBLE COMPLICITY
Pressure dependence of the radioactive decay constant of beryllium-7.

Diamond anvil presses of a new design were used to compress samples of beryllium-7 oxide to 120, 210, and 270 kilobars. The decay constant for the conversion of beryllium-7 to lithium-7 by electron capture was measured for compressed and uncompressed samples. A least-squares fit of the equation (λc-λ)/λ = KpP to the experimental data, where λC and λ are the decay constants of the compressed sample and an uncompressed sample, respectively, and P is pressure, yields a value of (2.2 ± 0.1) x 10-5 kbar-1 for the constant Kp.
Retro-cooperative interference alignment and the DoF region of the (M,N) 3 interference network with limited Shannon feedback

The (M,N)×(M,N)×(M,N) interference network (IN), denoted here as the (M,N)3 IN, is a layered, two-hop, two unicast network with two transmitters, two relays, and two receivers with the first hop network between the transmitters and the relays and the second hop network between the relays and the receivers both being multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian interference channels, and with the first transmitter/receiver pair and the first relay having M antennas each and the second transmitter/receiver pair and the second relay having N antennas each. The setting of limited Shannon feedback is considered where the relay having no fewer antennas than the other is assumed to have delayed knowledge of the coefficients of the second-hop channel and of the received signal of the receiver with fewer antennas. Moreover, while both relays know the channels on the first hop instantaneously and the receivers know the channels on both hops, there is no channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT) whatsoever. For this limited Shannon feedback setting, the degrees of freedom (DoF) region is established by generalizing the retro-cooperative interference alignment (R-CIA) scheme introduced recently by the authors for the equal antenna case, i.e., when M= N. The DoF region thus obtained is also the DoF region for multi-hop (M,N)l INs and under the more optimistic Shannon feedback assumption.
Male mating competition, female choice and dominance in a free ranging group of Japanese Macaques

Focal and ad libitum samples of high and middle ranked males in a group of free ranging Japanese macques were taken in order to examine rank related differences in male mating strategies. Males tended to have like ranked females as consort partners, with high rank males showing more consort activity, over all, than middle rank males. High rank males tended to interfere in consorts and middle rank males tended to have their consorts disrupted. Consorts involving high rank females were most subject to interference. With one exception, proximity between partners in consorts involving high rank males was due to male actions while proximity in consorts involving middle ranked males was due to female actions. The two highest ranked males were never observed copulating. Their mating failure may have been due to avoidance by females who had known them since immaturity. High rank males were somewhat more likely than middle rank males to have consorted with females during the period of likely conception. There was some evidence that frequent consort partners joined the same subgroup during a group fission. Males appeared to use the advantage conferred by high rank mainly in competition for high rank females. Females showed some indications of preference for mates likely to retain or attain high rank in the future.
Asymptotic solutions of the transport equation for thermal neutrons

Synopsis The eigenvalue problem defining the exponential time decay of a thermal neutron distribution is investigated. It is found that the decay constant is bounded whenever the neutron transit time is unbounded. For the particular case of spherical geometry, isotropic scattering and a simple thermalization model, the fundamental mode decay constant reaches its upper bound for a finite sphere radius. This implies that there are no discrete eigenvalues of the thermal neutron transport operator for a sufficiently small sphere. This is in contrast to the result for mono-energetic neutrons obtained by Jorgens. The problem is first illustrated by reviewing the results for mono-energetic neutrons for a single fourier component in an infinite medium, for a slab and for a sphere. Only the last of these has a bounded neutron transit time, and this also becomes unbounded when the possibility of zero velocity neutrons in a thermal neutron velocity distribution is considered. It is indicated, but not proved, that the conclusions drawn from the special model studied apply to more realistic models of slow neutron interaction with matter. The relevance to pulsed neutron experiments in small moderating samples is discussed.
Controllers for quadratic stability and performance of a benchmark problem

Recently developed quadratic stability and performance control techniques are used to design controllers for the active mass driver (AMD) benchmark problem. Several designs are obtained and analysed to highlight the utility of the proposed technique. Solution through the use of linear matrix inequalities is presented and extensions to systems with modelling error, actuator/sensor malfunction and saturating controllers are discussed. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the control techniques is quite remarkable.
The influence of air-gap tolerances on the admittance of a dielectric-coated slot antenna

The admittance of a TEM mode-excited parallel-plate aperture having an infinite flange and illuminating a displaced dielectric boundary is determined by the variational method. The results are applied to provide insight into the following two problems of interest: 1) the effect of an air gap on the admittance of dielectric-coated aperture antennas, and 2) the admittance of an aperture antenna coated with an underdense plasma slab. Numerical computations for the air-gap problem are verified experimentally.
MAGNETO-OPTICAL ABSORPTION IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY OF NARROW ANTIWIRES

We present a self-consistent field theory for the infrared absorption coefficient of an array of narrow antiwires in a perpendicular external magnetic field. A detailed study is made of the way in which the collective mode changes from a cyclotron mode when the confining potential is weak to tunneling coupled modes for intermediate antiwire potential strength and then to edge and one-dimensional lattice magnetoplasmon modes for strong potentials. Our numerical calculations show that at low magnetic fields, there is appreciable electron tunneling between quantum wires. However, as the magnetic field is increased, the electron tunneling is suppressed. The suppression of electron tunneling between wires is observed when the tunneling coupled modes emerge into cyclotron modes in the strong magnetic field regime. The edge mode excitation energy oscillates as a function of the electron density. These oscillations corespond to soft or hard potential walls for which the electron states are extended and localized, respectively.
Urban Children's Access to their Neighborhood Changes Over Three Generations

One New York City neighborhood was investigated to determine changes in its children's use of local public space between 1915 and 1976. Twenty-nine adults were interviewed on their experiences ther...
A mean behavior model of aerobic biodegradation in heterogeneous formation

It has been observed that the field biodegradation rates for soluble hydrocarbon plumes are significantly smaller than the aerobic rates observed in the laboratory. It is believed that this difference is related to the fact that in the field oxygen and hydrocarbon must be mixed before the biodegradation reaction can occur, and that the effective degradation rate is controlled by the actual, not mean, concentrations of oxygen and hydrocarbon. In this work, we present a conceptual model of oxygen-mixing limited biodegradation, which indicates that the effective degradation rate should depend on the cross correlation between the oxygen and hydrocarbon concentration fluctuations. This is followed by a development of a rigorous, field-scale model.
Linearity of refractive change with age in childhood myopia progression.

ABSTRACTRefractive records of young myopic patients were collected from six optometry practices. Statistical tests for linearity (F-test and statistical significance of the correlation coefficient) were applied to the myopic measurements made between 6 and 15 years of age. In 90 to 94% of these pati
Estimates of coverage of the population by sex, race, and age in the 1970 census.

Several estimates of total net underenumeration and of net census errors by sex, race (white, Negro-and-other-races, Negro), and age (five-year groups) in the 1960 and 1970 Censuses, for the total population of the United States, derived by the methods of demographic analysis, are presented. The different data, procedures, and assumptions employed in developing the various estimates are described briefly, and the findings are then discussed in terms of a”preferred” set of estimates. The preferred set of estimates of corrected population for 1970 combines estimates for persons under age 35 based directly on birth, death, and migration statistics, estimates for females aged 35 to 64 based on the Coale-Zelnik estimates (white) for 1950 or the Coale-Rives estimates (Negro) for 1960, estimates for males aged 35 to 64 based on the use of expected sex ratios, and estimates for the population 65 and over based on”Medicare” enrollments and expected sex ratios. These estimates indicate an overall net underenumeration of 5.3 million persons or 2.5 percent in 1970, as compared with 5.1 million or 2.7 percent in 1960, and a net underenumeration of 1.9 percent for whites and of 7.7 percent for Negroes in 1970, as compared with 2.0 percent and 8.0 percent, respectively, in 1960. As in 1960, undercoverage in 1970 was greatest for Negro males (9.9 percent); net error rates exceeded 12 percent in each age group 20 to 49 and reached 17 to 19 percent at ages 25 to 44. All sex-race groups showed marked increases between 1960 and 1970 for children under ten and marked declines at ages ten to 24. Equally reliable estimates of population coverage cannot be prepared for states and smaller geographic units or for the population of Spanish ancestry.
Modulation of memory processing by neuropeptide Y.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide which occurs in high concentrations in the amygdala and the hippocampus. The studies reported here demonstrate that administration of porcine NPY into the third ventricle of the brain enhanced memory retention for T-maze footshock avoidance and step-down passive avoidance training in mice. Human NPY at 5 μg enhanced retention but the inactive free acid form for NPY did not. NPY at 5 μg administered subcutaneously did not enhance retention. Post-training administration of NPY produced a dose-dependent, inverted U-shaped dose-response curve for retention of both passive and active avoidance conditioning. NPY enhanced retention in a time-dependent manner. NPY was also found to alleviate the amnesia caused by anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, and scopolamine, an anticholinergic. Pre-test administration of NPY improved recall but did not affect acquisition. These data support the concept that NPY is a modulator of memory processes.
Self-Fertility in Two Clonal Lineages ofPhytophthora infestans

Abstract Oospores were identified in pure culture ofPhytophthora infestansstrains of the clonal lineages US-7 and US-8 (A2 mating type), but not in the US-1 clonal lineage (A1 mating type). This self-fertility was not due to contamination, a mixture of isolates, or heterokaryosis because all of the single-zoospore isolates (n = 128) from these cultures displayed the same phenotype as the parental isolate from which they were derived. The self-fertility in US-7 and US-8 was different from self-fertility previously reported forP. infestansand otherPhytophthoraspecies because the oospores appeared in young cultures and the mycelia were not appressed to the medium. The number of oospores produced by US-7 and US-8 cultures was much lower than the number produced in response to an A1 mating type isolate. Analysis of eight oospore progeny forGlucose-6-phosphate isomeraseallozyme patterns revealed that six had genotypes different from the parental isolate.
Evolving questions and paradigm shifts in endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD).

ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is a component of the protein quality control system, ensuring that aberrant polypeptides cannot transit through the secretory pathway. This is accomplished by a complex sequence of events in which unwanted proteins are selected in the ER and exported to the cytosol for degradation by the proteasome. Given that protein quality control can be essential for cell survival, it is not surprising that ERAD is linked to numerous disease states. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of ERAD, its role in metabolic regulation and biomedical implications, and the unanswered questions regarding this process.
Transsynaptic coordination of presynaptic and postsynaptic modifications underlying enduring synaptic plasticity.

Neurexins and neuroligins are cell adhesion molecules that form transsynaptic interactions. In this issue of Neuron , Choi et al. report that neurexin-neuroligin signaling plays a critical role in functional and structural synaptic plasticity underlying memory formation in Aplysia .
Liquid Crystal-Based Sensors for Rapid Analysis of Fatty Acid Contamination in Biodiesel

Biodiesel is produced from various vegetable oils via a transesterification reaction. Emulsification of biodiesel during the transesterification reaction can occur, however, if free fatty acids are present in the feedstock oil. The emulsified product is not usable. Here we report a facile method using a liquid crystal (LC)-based sensing platform for detection of free fatty acids in oils at levels (1 wt%) relevant to biodiesel production. The approach involves the partitioning of fatty acid (doped into LC) to an aqueous-LC interface and an associated anchoring transition of the LC, leading to an optical read-out. Unlike other methods for detection of fatty acids (e.g, pH), this approach directly measures interfacial activity of fatty acids that underlies emulsion stability. We describe the influence of the molecular structures and concentrations of fatty acids, and the solution condition (pH), on fatty acid-triggered ordering transitions of LCs.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Shear Viscosity of Molten Alkali Halides

Equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) Green−Kubo simulations of the shear viscosity coefficient of molten sodium chloride and potassium chloride are reported in the microcanonical ensemble (N,V,E). The potential model used is the Born−Mayer−Huggins−Tosi−Fumi interionic potential, and several state points have been investigated. The form of the stress tensor elements for ionic fluids whose electrostatic interactions are calculated through the Ewald method is discussed in detail. The results show that the agreement between the simulation and the available experimental data is satisfactory, and the viscosity is overpredicted (generally to within 10%−15%).
Discriminant analysis of heart valve sounds during respiratory static volume conditions

Heart valve sounds (HVS), collected through a tracheal microphone, can provide a discriminant estimate of different respiratory static volume conditions. HVS data from 30 healthy male subjects were used to calculate descriptive statistical estimates of the HVS spectra, i.e. peak, bandwidth, and mean peak frequency. The HVS spectrum from DC to 50 Hz was divided into ten bands. The best six-variable model, for the classification of the respiratory static volume conditions, was obtained by an R/sup 2/ multivariable regression analysis. The overall classification accuracy of the discriminant program was 83%. >