cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A superheated Na cell for X-ray photoionization experiments

The performance of a superheated alkali vapor cell, with a geometry suitable for x-ray photoionization experiments, is described. An internal heater was used to superheat sodium vapor in a split-wick heat pipe. At a Na pressure of 20 Torr, the transmission through the cell in the region of theC−X molecular band of Na2 increased to 50% from the 5% observed when the cell was operated in a conventional heat-pipe mode. In the presence of a Na atom density of 2×1017 cm−3, the average molecule density over the length of the cell was measured to be 2.5×1015 cm−3. In the hot central region of the superheated cell, the molecule density was predicted to have been reduced by a factor of 50 to 3×1014 cm−3.
Drug endangered children: Examining children removed from methamphetamine laboratories

Abstract Children removed from methamphetamine laboratories are a severely understudied population despite the widespread deprivation parental methamphetamine abuse has on children, particularly in homes where methamphetamine is produced. A sample of 144 children removed from their homes during the seizure of methamphetamine laboratories, as part of the Arizona Drug Endangered Children program, was investigated. Results indicate that younger children were more likely to be determined by Child Protective Services as high or moderate risk of further abuse, test positive for methamphetamine, and have maternal alleged perpetrators of abuse. Older children were more likely to be designated low risk for further abuse, test negative for methamphetamine, and have paternal alleged perpetrators of abuse. Results also show that children initially placed in foster care were more likely to remain in foster care at the final assessment than to be living with a parent or kin. These findings have implications for individuals working with children removed from homes with methamphetamine laboratories, and recommendations based on study findings are offered to child and family advocates and interventionists.
Abstract C240: Protein photoadducts of acridine photosensitizers

Photodynamic therapy is used to treat many cancers and some non‐cancerous conditions. It exploits photosensitizers, compounds that are only toxic to cells when light exposure causes them to generate reactive oxygen species that damage many cellular molecules and organelles. A common observation is the shrinkage of distant unirradiated tumors as the result of photodynamic treatment of a single tumor. This systemic response against tumors is thought to be immunological and to involve inflammation and cytokines generated by the treated tumor in response to photodynamic damage. The possible role of photodynamic damage to proteins in such a global immune response has been underexplored. We hypothesized that photodynamically damaged tumor cell proteins might act as immunological adjuvants, stimulating an immune response to tumor specific proteins so that the photodynamically treated tumor acts as a tumor vaccine. Photoaddition of the photosensitizing molecule to cellular proteins could be one molecular mechanism for this since such adducts would be expected to produce highly immunogenic haptens on tumor cell proteins. In a test of this hypothesis, we have investigated photoaddition of acridines to cellular proteins. Cultured mammalian cells were treated with radiolabeled proflavine or acriflavine and light. SDS gel electrophoresis and gel fluorography revealed that a wide range of cellular proteins were radiolabeled. Proteinase treatment of samples before SDS PAGE resulted in label migrating with the dye front. Proteins from cells treated with the acridines but not exposed to light were not radiolabeled. Cesium chloride ultracentrifugation of cell lysates also confirmed that the only macromolecules labeled were proteins. The singlet oxygen quencher histidine and the singlet oxygen stabilizer deuterium oxide had little effect on photolabeling of cellular proteins, suggesting that the mechanism does not rely on singlet oxygen. Experiments with purified proteins and fluorography of SDS polyacrylamide gels demonstrated photoadducts of proflavine and acriflavine to these proteins. Finally, proflavine was shown to form photoadducts to angiotensin by proteomic analysis. The detailed photochemistry and the identity of the amino acid residues involved in photoadduct formation are currently being studied. We conclude that photodynamic treatment of cells can result in photoaddition of the photosensitizing drug to cellular proteins and can generate potentially immunogenic haptens. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C240.
Southeast Asian prospects and realities: American hopes and fears

Abstract We present and consider five alternative scenarios of development — past, present and future — for Southeast Asia. Longitudinal data on foreign direct investment, trade, and currency valuation provide our basis for understanding the relations among the countries in this region as well as their relations with major external powers, especially the United States, Japan, and China. Our analysis suggests regional diversity rather than uniformity, with considerable flux and heterogeneity in the external economic ties of the countries resident in this area. Moreover, we argue that it would be overly simplistic to view changes in these ties only in bilateral terms of US or Japanese gains or losses. Instead, the Southeast Asian themselves, the other newly‐industrializing countries, and the constituent parts of Greater China are all increasingly making their presence felt.
Choline nutrition of fingerling channel catfish

Abstract Channel catfish can apparently utilize dietary methionine to spare, at least in part, their need for dietary choline. In order to determine a choline requirement for channel catfish, it was necessary to use a diet limiting in methionine to induce an increase in liver lipid content indicative of a choline deficiency. A dietary methionine reduction was accomplished by using soybean protein as the protein source in the test diet. An optimal level of 400 mg choline/kg of diet based on liver lipid content was determined for catfish under the dietary conditions used. This value would appear to represent a maximum requirement level because it was determined at the lowest level of dietary methionine that could be used while still meeting the total sulfur amino acid requirement of the catfish. The observations made in this study are consistent with those reported for other animals indicating that fish can synthesize choline from appropriate dietary precursors. Thus, it would appear that many of the differences in requirement values of choline for various fishes reported by previous workers may be explained by species differences in enzyme activities associated with choline synthesis and degradation, as well as, various dietary factors known to directly affect the rate of choline synthesis.
Thermionic Properties of Thoria

It may be of interest to record our recent results on the thermionic properties of thoria coatings and of thoria in bulk. In the first experiments, a coating of thoria about 0.1 mm. thick was formed on a tantalum strip by spraying. The spraying suspension was made using an organic binder and solvent, as employed in standard techniques with barium–strontium carbonates. Direct current and pulsed emission were studied in a simple diode the anode of which could be water-cooled. The thoria surface temperature was estimated from pyrometer measurements assuming a spectral emissivity of 0.35 over the temperature range 1,800°–2,100° K.
What have we learned from 20 years of research on smokeless tobacco cessation

Although smoking cessation continues to get most of the attention from both researchers and practitioners, treatment for smokeless tobacco (SLT) dependence gets little consideration. The reasons are varied, but essentially smoking is more prevalent, has greater public health implications, and has been the subject of clean air laws and environmental issues that have focused the attention on a burned tobacco, thereby leaving SLT with scant public health attention. This is unfortunate, because the sales of SLT products, especially moist snuff, have increased consistently over the past decade; regular use of these products can result in oral cancer, other negative effects on oral health, and nicotine dependence or addiction. This article will review some unique issues of SLT use that affect cessation and the empirical research on interventions.
THE INFLUENCE OF COLLOIDAL STABILITY ON CRITICAL PIGMENT VOLUME CONCENTRATION (CPVC)

ABSTRACT The level of colloidal stability of a latex coating formulation is governed by the hydrodynamic size of the pigment particle and its aggregates, along with the electrolyte concentration of the coating formulation. Model latex coating films were developed to investigate the effects of pigment aggregate size and the electrolyte concentration in the latex coating formulation on the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC), as determined by mechanical optical and permeability properties. The poly(styrene) pigment and poly(styrene-butadiene) (60:40) binder particles were characterized for their relative sizes, the surfactant surface coverage and the critical coagulation concentration, in dilute (1.8% solids) and concentrated (42% solids) dispersions, for sodium chloride and calcium chloride. The hydrodynamic diameter of the strong pigment aggregates formed as a function of aging time, after adjusting the electrolyte concentration of the pigment dispersion to the c.c.c. level were characterized by ...
Estrogen and Androgen Target Cells in the Brain of Fishes, Reptiles and Birds: Phylogeny and Ontogeny

The cellular and subcellular distribution of 3H estradiol in the forebrain of goldfish, platyfish, lizard, turtle, and ring dove was studied by thaw-mount autoradiography. The topographic distribution of estrogen target cells in these non-mammalian species corresponds to the general pattern established earlier in our laboratory for mammals. In all non-mammalians studied, accumulations of estrogen target cells exist in preoptic-septal, central hypothalamic and thalamic areas. While allocortical distribution of estrogen target cells is present in the avian and reptilian species, it appears to be absent in the teleosts. Differences in brain evolution probably account for it. This phylogenetically delayed acquisition of telencephalic steroid target sites seems paralleled by an ontogenetic delay, as observed in the chick embryo: early embryonic appearance of estrogen uptake (receptors) in preoptic and central hypothalamic regions and late appearance of estrogen receptors in the amygdala. Androgen distribution in the forebrain of the dove and lizard overlaps with the estrogen distribution with some exceptions.
Inference and exact numerical representation in early language development

How do children as young as 2 years of age know that numerals, like one, have exact interpretations, while quantifiers and words like a do not? Previous studies have argued that only numerals have exact lexical meanings. Children could not use scalar implicature to strengthen numeral meanings, it is argued, since they fail to do so for quantifiers [Papafragou, A., & Musolino, J. (2003). Scalar implicatures: Experiments at the semantics-pragmatics interface. Cognition, 86, 253-282]. Against this view, we present evidence that children's early interpretation of numerals does rely on scalar implicature, and argue that differences between numerals and quantifiers are due to differences in the availability of the respective scales of which they are members. Evidence from previous studies establishes that (1) children can make scalar inferences when interpreting numerals, (2) children initially assign weak, non-exact interpretations to numerals when first acquiring their meanings, and (3) children can strengthen quantifier interpretations when scalar alternatives are made explicitly available.
Computer-oriented closed-form algorithm for constrained multibody dynamics for robotics applications

Abstract An alternative computer-oriented algorithm for generating the equations of motion for constrained multibody systems subject to control is presented. The algorithm is derived from the principle of virtual work and includes the effect of a moving reference frame. The equations of motion are expanded in a closed form in terms of a minimum set of variables. Symbolic implementation, simplification and linearization are discussed. Computer-based models of a biped robot walking on a vibrating platform are generated. Dynamic behavior of the biped is simulated by implementing the optimal control theory. The study shows that this closed-form formalism holds promise in the simulation of constrained robotic systems.
CMAC Neural Network Control for High Precision Motion Control in the Presence of Large Friction

Precision requirements in ultra-precision machining are often given in the order of micrometers or sub-micrometers. Machining at these levels requires precise control of the position and speed of the machine tool axes. Furthermore, in machining of brittle materials, extremely low feed rates of the machine tool axes are required. At these low feed rates there is a large and erratic friction characteristic in the drive system which standard PID controllers are unable to deal with. In order to achieve the desired accuracies, friction must be accurately compensated in the real-time servo control algorithm. A learning controller based on the CMAC algorithm is studied for this task.
Attempts to induce hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase in genetically deficient Gunn rats by grafting of normal liver tissue.

Attempts to Induce Hepatic Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronyl Transferase in Genetically Deficient Gunn Rats by Grafting of Normal Liver Tissue
Zero leakage microcontroller with 384ns wakeup time using FRAM mini-array architecture

Catalog ULP microcontrollers (MCUs) have to balance the needs of diverse customers by providing high performance along with near zero standby power and fast wakeup times for real time applications. We present a full HVT 8MHz 75uA/MHz Non-Volatile Logic (NVL) based MCU that has zero standby power and an ultrafast 384ns wakeup time. Non-volatile mini-arrays distributed throughout the logic domain of the MCU snapshot the state of all sequential elements before the MCU goes into a power gated standby mode. Upon wakeup no bootup is required. A high bandwidth parallel connection between the flipflops and mini-arrays helps achieve fast MCU wakeup. NVL has no impact on MCU active mode performance and power and adds only 3.6% to the SoC area. By eliminating leakage in standby mode, NVL allows use of high performance leaky processes in MCU design. We present results from a second generation full SVT 32MHz NVL MCU. The SVT SoC has 4x higher active mode performance or 30% lower active energy than the HVT SoC, but can still achieve zero leakage using NVL.
The market valuation of soybean quality characteristics

Abstract The price and quality characteristics of 213 shiploads of US soybeans exported between January 1990 and October 1991 are examined using hedonic analysis. The results of the analysis confirm that the price of soybeans exported is determined in part by the protein and oil content of the soybeans. The analysis further reveals the effects of country‐specific domestic and import strategies on component pricing of soybeans. For example, in Japan and The Netherlands, the two largest import destinations for US exported soybeans, the value of both soybean oil and soybean meal have positive effects on the price of soybeans. For the Republic of Korea, however, the soybean meal content does not affect the price of soybeans imported from the US. Measures of the processable content of soybeans such as damaged kernels and the percentage of foreign material, as expected, have statistically significant negative effects on the export price of soybeans, although not in all markets. Finally, the US grades and standa...
The Effect Of Coating Properties On Contrast Radiance Of Camouflaged And Uncamouflaged Tactical Equipment In The 8-12 Micron Waveband

Multispectral countersurveillance systems are designed to alter, disrupt, or disguise the signature of military equipment. Signatures in the spectral regions commonly referred to as ultraviolet, visual, near-infrared, and radar are generated by surface reflections of incident electromagnetic radiation. Camouflage is used in these wavebands to create reflectance patterns similar to those of the natural background with the goal of rendering equipment indistinguishable from natural structures. In contrast, thermal infrared signatures are primarily due to self-emissions rather than reflections of incident radiation. All objects emit electromagnetic radiation; the peak wavelength and intensity of that radiation differ relative to an object's temperature. At ambient temperatures and above, objects emit sufficient electromagnetic radiation in the 8-12 micron wavelength region to be detected by thermal infrared sensorsl. The intensity of thermal infrared energy radiated from equipment surfaces is affected by surface temperature and emissi-vity. Camouflage for infrared signatures is designed to control these conditions and create apparent temperature profiles similar to those of the natural background. The objective of this paper is to discuss the electro-optic properties of surface coatings and their effect in generating and controlling the infrared signatures of tactical equipment.
A Compressive Sensing Based Analysis of Anomalies in Generalized Linear Models

In this article, we present a compressive sensing based framework for generalized linear model regression that employs a two-component noise model and convex optimization techniques to simultaneously detect outliers and determine optimally sparse representations of noisy data from arbitrary sets of basis functions. We then extend our model to include model order reduction capabilities that can uncover inherent sparsity in regression coefficients and achieve simple, superior fits. Second, we use the mixed l2/l1 norm to develop another model that can efficiently uncover block-sparsity in regression coefficients. By performing model order reduction over all independent variables and basis functions, our algorithms successfully deemphasize the effect of independent variables that become uncorrelated with dependent variables. This desirable property has various applications in real-time anomaly detection, such as faulty sensor detection and sensor jamming in wireless sensor networks. After developing our frame...
Tax-Base Composition and Long-Run Growth in City Taxes

Growth in per-capita taxes between 1970 and 1980 is analyzed for a group of 28 large cities. Investigating the effect of tax-base composition on long-run growth reveals higher rates of tax growth for low-property-tax cities, which is partly explained by recession-induced tax increases. Such increases are not rescinded during subsequent periods of economic expansion, and the net effect is a ratcheting phenomenon in local tax growth similar to that observed for state governments. Policy considerations support the need for better financial management practice, further consideration of a countercyclical revenue sharing program, and more careful attention to variations in local tax structures in modeling local government fiscal behavior.
Tissue test for excess nitrogen during corn production

(...) Studies were conducted to evaluate NO - 3 concentration in corn (Zea mays L.) stalks at physiological maturity as the basis for a tissue test to characterize degree of N excess during corn production. Samples of the lower portion of corn stalks were collected from plots in N-rate experiments at 18 site-years in Iowa (...)
Timing of Administration of Antimicrobial Therapy in Bacterial Meningitis.

Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and throughout the world. The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is often delayed in patients as a result of numerous factors such as length of illness, use of radiologic imaging studies, and/or prior use of antimicrobial agents. Many textbooks emphasize the need for prompt initiation of antimicrobial therapy in a patient with suspected acute bacterial meningitis to prevent many of the long-term sequelae associated with this disorder. We have reviewed the literature to determine if there is a standard of care for timing of administration of antimicrobial therapy in patients with a diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. Although the clinical data are inconclusive, it makes intuitive sense to initiate antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible in any patient with suspected or proven bacterial meningitis before the patient’s illness advances to a high level of clinical severity, beyond which antimicrobial therapy is less likely to be of benefit. However, clinical experiences suggest that patient outcome in bacterial meningitis is a result of multiple factors, since some patients treated within a few hours of symptoms develop an adverse outcome whereas others who are symptomatic for days prior to presentation suffer no adverse sequelae.
Stage of Lactation as a Criterion for Switching Cows from One Complete Feed to Another during Early Lactation

Abstract Holstein (91) and Brown Swiss (29) cows were group-fed high (1.98) or medium (1.78 Mcal of net energy Lactation /kg of dry matter) energy complete feeds ad libitum during the first 24 wk of lactation. Feeds consisted of corn silage, alfalfa haylage, ground shelled corn, and soybean oil meal mixed in least-cost combinations to provide 16% crude protein. Weeks on high, and weeks on medium energy diets were (1) 1 to 24, and 0; (2) 1 to 16, and 17 to 24; (3) 1 to 8, and 9 to 24; (4) 1 to 8, and 9 to 24; (5) 1 to 16, and 17 to 24; (6) 0 and 1 to 24. Means for groups 1 to 6 were daily milk−22.1, 22.6, 23.1, 22.0, 21.4, and 21.6kg/cow; daily 4% fat-corrected-milk−21.8, 21.9, 22.4, 21.0, 21.2, and 21.4kg/cow; changes in body weight +25.5, −1.2, −11.1, +24.2, +20.7, and +3.5kg/cow. Cows consuming high energy diet produced more milk during the first 8 wk. There were no significant differences in daily production of milk or 4% fat-corrected-milk. Cows switched from medium to high after 8 wk ranked first for persistency of daily milk during wk 17 to 24 of lactation. Cows receiving high energy diets initially lost less weight in wk 4 to 8, and those receiving high energy diets after 8 wk gained more weight, especially during weeks 16 to 24, than cows receiving medium feed.
Microcirculation as a Target for the Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Statins

Statins are inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a ubiquitous enzyme critical for the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Because of their cholesterol-lowering properties, statins are extensively used in medical practice, and large clinical trials have shown that statins effectively reduce cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality. In the past 5 years, an important, new concept suggesting that the cardioprotective effects of statins are not necessarily related to cholesterol-lowering actions has emerged. Indeed, in vivo findings have clearly shown that statins exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and that they modulate vascular remodeling under normocholesterolemic conditions. These pleiotropic properties of statins affect important molecules in vascular biology and help preserve endothelial function in acute and chronic inflammatory states of the cardiovascular system, including coronary and cerebral artery diseases, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates that the microcirculation is a crucial target for the pleiotropic actions of statins because of its important role in regulating blood flow, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and vascular remodeling. Accordingly, this review focuses on the role that the microcirculation plays in the vascular protective action of statins.
Prolonged dopamine and serotonin transporter inhibition after exposure to tropanes.

Abstract Cocaine and tropane analogs are known to interact with biogenic monoamine transporters by inhibiting amine uptake. Previous in vivo studies have demonstrated that some of these tropanes produce a longer lasting behavioral effect compared with cocaine. We have previously examined several tropane analogs and found a difference in their relative affinities for dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) transporters. The purpose of this study was to determine the recovery time of transporter function in vitro and in vivo comparing cocaine with the tropane analogs WF-11 (PTT, selective for DA transporters), WF-31 (selective for 5-HT transporters) and WF-23 (highly potent at both DA and 5-HT transporters). In vitro , using primary rat brain cultures of either midbrain or raphe regions, the recovery of the ability to transport either [ 3 H]dopamine or [ 3 H]serotonin, respectively was evaluated at 0, 3, 24, 48, 120 and 240 h after a 1 h exposure to cocaine and tropane analogs. The tropanes exhibited clearance half-lives ranging from 12 to 69 h, while cocaine, on the other hand, exhibited a clearance half-life of ≈6 h. In studies utilizing [ 125 I]RTI-55 binding, intraperitoneal injections of cocaine and WF-23 into the rat resulted in striatal clearance half-lives ex vivo that were almost identical to those obtained in vitro . These data suggest that the tropanes bind to and reduce transporter function for prolonged periods of time (up to 10-fold longer than cocaine) and those compounds with the highest affinity may produce a pseudo-irreversible inhibition of transporter function.
The Banach spaces of Maurey and Rosenthal and totally incomparable bases

Abstract The basis (ei) of the space of Maurey and Rosenthal is totally incomparable with itself. That is, (en(i)) does not dominate, nor is dominated by (ek(i)), when n(i) ≠ k(i) infinitely often. This property is shared by the uniformly convex space of Maurey and Rosenthal and two Banach spaces constructed in similar manners but with unconditional bases. A basis dominated but not equivalent to its shift is constructed.
Education and training in evidence-based urology

Urologists believe evidence-based clinical practice improves patient care. Competence in critical appraisal skills is necessary to successfully implement evidence-based practice. However, practicing urologists, urology program training directors, and residents have identified the need for urology-specific resources to promote competence in evidence-based practice. The objective of this review is to identify urology-specific educational resources for critical appraisal skills. The PubMed® database was searched using the terms “evidence-based urology”, “training” and “medical education.” Results were limited to systematic reviews. Reference lists for manuscripts were manually searched to identify additional relevant publications. Additional educational resources and training opportunities were identified via direct communication with authors. New urology-specific educational resources are being developed to support evidence-based clinical practice. Resources exist in the medical literature, including the User’s Guide to the Urological Literature series and the Evidence-Based Urology in Practice series. Electronic resources include the Evidence Based Reviews in Urology program sponsored by the American Urological Association. Finally, workshops exist for live training to develop expertise in teaching EBM skills to others. Educational support for the nascent evidence-based clinical practice movement in urology is growing. Journals provide the majority of urology-specific educational material for evidence-based medicine training. Additional online and live training opportunities should be developed to encourage competence and leadership in evidence-based urology.
Inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in perfused rat liver by oleate.

Abstract p -Nitroanisole O-demethylation in perfused livers from fasted, phenobarbital-treated rats was rapidly and reversibly inhibited by sodium oleate (0.3 to 0.6mM). Xylitol partially reversed this inhibitory effect. The inhibition was not mediated by a direct effect of oleate on musomal components since concentrations of oleate ranging up to 1.0 mM did not affect p -nitroanisole O-demethylation by isolated musomes. Infusion of 0.6 mM oleate did not alter the measured intracellular NAD + /NADH ratio but did cause a significant increase in the intracellular NADP + /NADPH ratio. A significant decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio was also observed. Oleoyl Co A inhibited p -nitroanisole O-demethylation in musomes ( K i about 30 μM), and both oleoyl Co A and palmitoyl CoA inhibited the energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase in submitochondrial particles ( K i about 1 μM). Thus, inhibition of mixed-function oxidation in the intact liver by oleate is most likely mediated by oleoyl CoA. Oleoyl CoA inhibits mixed-function oxidation in the intact liver by acting directly on cytochrome P-450 and by decreasing generation of NADPH via inhibition of key enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the energy-linked transhydrogenase.
Monitoring Motions in GABA-A Receptor Intersubunit Transmembrane Cavities

GABA-A receptors (GABAARs) are the target for many therapeutic drugs including benzodiazepines (BZDs), barbiturates, anesthetics and neurosteroids. These drugs bind to distinct sites and potentiate GABA-induced currents. They are often used in combination but little is known about mechanism(s) underlying their interactions. Recent crystal structures of GLIC and the glutamate-activated chloride channel suggest agonist-mediated channel opening is associated with expansion of transmembrane interfaces between M3 and M1 helices of adjacent subunits. Here, we examined if binding of different allosteric drugs and combinations of these drugs to α1β2γ2L GABAARs induce similar motions. We also tested whether potentiation of GABA-mediated current by pairs of drugs binding to distinct sites are additive or super-additive.We individually inserted a cysteine in the M1 helices of each GABAAR subunit at α1I227, β2L223 and γ2LI238 to monitor motions at different intersubunit interfaces. We expressed wild-type and mutant GABAARs in Xenopus oocytes. We measured rates of modification of the substituted cysteines in the absence and presence of different combinations of allosteric modulators that bind to different sites: the intravenous anesthetics pentobarbital (PB) and etomidate, the neurosteroid THDOC and the benzodiazepine flurazepam. When applied alone, flurazepam and THDOC induced distinct motions in the intersubunit interfaces, flurazepam increased rate of modification of only γI238C whereas THDOC only increased the rate of βL223C. When flurazepam and THDOC were co-applied, no change in rate of modification of γI238C was observed indicating that the presence of THDOC inhibited the ability of flurazepam to elicit structural rearrangements near γI238C. The data suggest structural mechanisms underlying the effects of combining drugs are different than mechanisms underlying their actions alone.
The effect of reactant vibrational state on differential charge transfer cross sections for T2+(X2 Σg+, ν0′) + T2(X1 Σg+, ν0″) collisions

Abstract Differential charge transfer cross sections for reactions of vibrationally excited incident ions and molecules have been computed for the T 2 + (X 2 Σ g + , ν 0 ′) + T 2 (X 1 Σ g + , ν 0 ″) system. Differential cross sections for the formation of neutral products become more intense and concentrated in the forward direction as the quantum number of the reactant ion and/or molecule is increased.
On turbulent drag and heat transfer reduction phenomena and laminar heat transfer enhancement in non-circular duct flow of certain non-Newtonian fluids

The fascinating friction drag and heat transfer reduction phenomena associated with turbulent flows of so-called ‘drag-reducing fluids’ are not well understood. It is believed that elastic fluid properties are strongly related to these phenomena. However, not all drag-reducing fluids are viscoelastic, nor are all viscoelastic fluids drag-reducing, suggesting that drag reduction and viscoelasticity are probably incidentally accompanying phenomena. Furthermore, the limited research to date has revealed considerable heat transfer enhancement (virtually without friction drag increase) in laminar non-circular duct flows with certain polymer solutions, and has shown that all utilized fluids were indeed viscoelastic1.It is argued here that turbulence suppression (i.e. flow laminarization), due to flow-induced anisotropic fluid structure and properties, is a determining factor for the reduction phenomena—not the fluid elasticity—while the latter may be a major cause for the laminar heat transfer augmentation. It is certain that many challenges in this interesting and useful area will keep researchers very busy well into the next century and beyond.
Bimodal gene expression and biomarker discovery

With insights gained through molecular profiling, cancer is recognized as a heterogeneous disease with distinct subtypes and outcomes that can be predicted by a limited number of biomarkers. Statistical methods such as supervised classification and machine learning identify distinguishing features associated with disease subtype but are not necessarily clear or interpretable on a biological level. Genes with bimodal transcript expression, however, may serve as excellent candidates for disease biomarkers with each mode of expression readily interpretable as a biological state. The recent article by Wang et al, entitled “The Bimodality Index: A Criterion for Discovering and Ranking Bimodal Signatures from Cancer Gene Expression Profiling Data,” provides a bimodality index for identifying and scoring transcript expression profiles as biomarker candidates with the benefit of having a direct relation to power and sample size. This represents an important step in candidate biomarker discovery that may help streamline the pipeline through validation and clinical application.
Genetic Predisposition to Organ‐Specific Endpoints of Alcoholism

Medical records of the 15,924 twin-pairs in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) twin registry were collected for an additional 16 years through 1994 when the surviving twins were aged 67 to 77 years. Compared with earlier analyses (Hrubec, Z., and Omenn, G. S., Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 5:207-215, 1981), when subjects were aged 51 to 61, there were 23% more diagnoses of alcoholism (34.4 per 1,000 prevalence), 32% more diagnoses of alcoholic psychosis (5.4 per l,000), and 25% more twins with liver cirrhosis (17.7 per 1,000). Overall, 5.3% of the cohort had at least one of the diagnoses related to alcoholism. Probandwise concordance rates (%) were: alcoholism—26.7 monozygotic (MZ), 12.2 dizygotic (DZ) (p < 0.0001); alcoholic psychosis—17.3 MZ, 4.8 DZ (p < 0.05); and cirrhosis—16.9 MZ, 5.3 DZ (p < 0.001). Concordance for any diagnosis related to alcoholism was 30.2 MZ, 13.9 DZ (p < 0.000l). Maximum-likelihood modeling indicated that ∼50% of the overall variance was due to additive genetic effects; in all diagnosis categories, a totally environmental model gave a significantly poorer fit to the data. Bivariate and trivariate genetic analyses indicated most of the genetic liability for the organ-specific endpoints of psychosis and cirrhosis was due to the shared genetic liability for alcoholism. Once the shared variance with alcoholism was considered, there was no further shared genetic liability for psychosis and cirrhosis. Our results confirm Hrubec and Omenn's conclusion that there was significantly greater concordance in MZ twins-pairs for alcoholic psychosis and cirrhosis in the NAS-NRC twins, and concordance rates remained similar to those reported 16 years earlier. In contrast, we found most of the genetic liability to organ-specific complications of alcoholism was shared with the genetic liability for alcoholism per se; only a small portion of the genetic variance of the individual complications was independent of the genetic predisposition for alcoholism.
Contemporary Trends in Supervision Theory: A Shift from Parallel Process to Relational and Trauma Theory

This paper describes how relational theories of supervision and one aspect of contemporary trauma theory coalesce to offer a conceptual shift in supervision theory and practices. The paper gives a brief overview of the concept of parallel process in supervision. Following this, the paper summarizes current literature that questions the universal nature of parallel processes in supervision. Next, the characteristics of supervision, when framed in relational theories, are offered. Last, the paper describes how the understanding of trauma theory’s triadic self of victim-victimizer-bystander is a useful construct in understanding impasses in supervisory relationships. Supervisory vignettes are utilized to illustrate the theoretical constructs.
Conceptual design of pointing control systems for space station gimballed payloads

A conceptual design of the control system for Payload Pointing Systems (PPS) is developed using classic Proportional-Integral-Derivatives (PID) techniques. The major source of system pointing error is due to the disturbance-rich environment of the space station in the form of gimbal baseplate motions. These baseplate vibrations are characterized using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) techniques. Both time domain and frequency domain dynamic models are developed to assess control system performance. Three basic methods exist for the improvement of PPS pointing performance: increase control system bandwidth, add Image Motion Compensation, and/or reduce (or change) the baseplate disturbance environment.
Kadijustiz or Qadī-Justice? a Paternity Dispute From Fourteenth-Century Morocco

Sometime after the year 1312-13 a paternity dispute was brought before a qādī serving in an undetermined location in the northern part of the Western Maghrib. The claimant asserted that he was the son of a local notable, whereas the latter's legally recognized children asserted that he was the child of a slave-girl who belonged to the notable's daughter. Before issuing his judicial decision, the qādī wrote a detailed letter to a distinguished Fāsī mufti in which he presented a summary transcription of the testimonial evidence and asked the mufti to issue a fatwā corroborating his handling of the case. In the following essay, I seek to shed light on the operation of qādī-justice under the Mārinids in the fourteenth-century by studying the qādī¸s familiarity with legal doctrine, his ability to manipulate legal discourse, and the "art" of his judicial narrative.
Magnetic and metallurgical properties of Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr) z alloys near z = 8.5

Very large intrinsic coercivities, ranging from 28-32kOe, combined with saturation inductions ranging from 11.6- 12.1kG have been obtained in bulk alloys corresponding to the compositions Sm(Co .90-v Fe v Cu .08 Zr .02 ) 8.35 with v=0.23- 0.30. We do not observe a drop in 4πM s as M H c reaches high levels nor a significant drop in M H c at high Fe contents.
Consequences of a Primary Elective Cesarean Delivery Across the Reproductive Life

OBJECTIVE:To estimate cumulative risks of morbidity associated with the choice of elective cesarean delivery for a first delivery.METHODS:A decision analytic model was designed to compare major adverse outcomes across a woman's reproductive life associated with the choice of elective cesarean delive
Evaluating the Dilution of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent and Viral Impacts on Shellfish Growing Areas in Mobile Bay, Alabama

ABSTRACT The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides guidance to state shellfish control authorities on establishing prohibitive closure zones in proximity to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges with the purpose of minimizing the exposure of molluscan shellfish to health hazards posed by bacterial and viral pathogens present in wastewater effluents. For more than 25 years, the FDA has recognized conditional area management as an option to minimize the size of a prohibitive closure zone, and to enlarge the size and productivity of shellfish growing areas. To use this option, the FDA has recommended achieving a 1,000:1 dilution of effluent within the perimeter of the prohibited closure zone. Using newly available analytical methods and hydrographic equipment, the FDA is undertaking studies to determine whether its 1,000:1 dilution recommendation is supported by the findings. From 2007 through 2009, the FDA conducted field investigations to assess the impacts of wastewater effluent from a l...
Successful implantation of HeartWare HVAD left ventricular assist device with concomitant ascending and sinus of valsalva aneurysms repair

Coexistence of aortic disease is an uncommon finding in end-stage heart failure patients requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. A 38-year-old man with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted in stage D heart failure. Preoperative computed tomography demonstrated multiple saccular aneurysms of the ascending aorta and sinus of valsalva. We successfully performed complex aortic surgery and the implantation of a continuous-flow LVAD (HeartWare HVAD) (HeartWare International, Framingham, MA). The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient is currently listed for heart transplantation.
Variability: For headache and profit

The paper discusses hardware security. The author mention that there were best times and worst times for hardware security. Numerous factors facilitate, both qualitatively and quantitatively an essentially unlimited potential for attacks. Factors include an increasingly popular and profitable horizontal semiconductor business model, sharply reduced controllability and observability ultracheap silicon, expensive testing, ultra-large-scale integration, manufacturing variability aging, thermal and operational sensitivity, crosstalk, and many other physical properties of deep submicron technologies. Hardware Trojan horses, physical unclonable functions, cryptography were some of the issues mentioned and discussed in this paper.
ULTRA-LOW-THRESHOLD Quantum-Confined Lasers are indeed superb, but how “Quantum” are they?

Most, if not all, semiconductor lasers manufactured today, which are key components in consumer items such as CD-ROMs and laser printers, are of the quantum well type. What gives these lasers their unequivocal superiorities? Is quantum confinement solely responsible? This article discusses some of these issues, and where the future may lie.
Spectrographic Study of the Afterglow of Mercury

The short duration afterglow of 14 Hg lines was examined, at temperatures of 150°, 200°, 250°, and 300°F, in a cell that had been excited by an rf source. All of the lines exhibited a smooth exponential decay at the lowest temperature. At some temperature above 150°F, however, all of the lines, except the 2537- and 4079-A lines, exhibited an enhancement of intensity in the time region between 50 and 100 μsec. At the highest temperature all of the lines originating from levels at an energy of 8.84 eV or above, except those originating from the 61D2 and 63D2 levels, reached an intensity above the initial value. Lines originating from all other D levels were enhanced over those originating from P or S levels. The lines originating from 63D3 and 63D1 levels exhibited the largest enhancement. It is postulated that collisions of 63P1 atoms with metastable 63P2 and 63P0 atoms are responsible for this enhancement. Using this assumption we conclude, from the preference for the excitation of D levels, that a partial conservation of orbital angular momentum ΔL=0 occurs and, from the preference for the excitation of the 63D3 and 63D1 levels, that a partial conservation of total angular momentum ΔJ=0 also occurs in these collisions.
Pseudobond ab initio QM/MM approach and its applications to enzyme reactions

This perspective article mainly focuses on the development and applications of a pseudobond ab initio QM/MM approach to study enzyme reactions. The following aspects of methodology development are discussed: the approaches for the QM/MM covalent boundary problem, an efficient iterative optimization procedure, the methods to determine enzyme reaction paths, and the approaches to calculate free energy change in enzyme reactions. Several applications are described to illustrate the capability of the methods. Finally, future directions are discussed.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTENDING THE HORIZON IN ROLLING PRODUCTION SCHEDULING

In recent work, Baker [1] has investigated the use of rolling schedules for multiperiod production scheduling problems. One of his results is that the longest possible forecast horizon is not necessarily the best. He also found that the rolling schedules' effectiveness fluctuates widely depending upon the length of the forecast horizon. To smooth these fluctuations we have investigated use of forecasting to extend the problem horizon. Some of our results confirm the previous conclusions, but other results support the position that “the more information the better.”
Organizational Climate, Perceived Citizen Support, and Job Satisfaction of Police Officers: Findings from the Post-Grand Reform Era in South Korea

Two major police reforms were introduced in South Korea in 1991 and 1999 to help bring about a shift from a colonial style of policing to a form more prevalent in developed economies pursuing the rule of law, observance of human rights, and the practice of democratic policing. We conclude that the findings from the present study, drawing on a survey of a national sample of 406 South Korean police officers, offer modest support for the efforts of the Grand Reform in its impact on police officers’ satisfaction with promotion and salary and benefits. While few demographic characteristics, with the exception of age and years of experience, were associated with job satisfaction, there is strong evidence for the relationship between organizational characteristics and job satisfaction. Management support and perceived citizen support of police are associated with both measures of satisfaction, promotion and salary/benefits, while the police officers’ relationship with their supervisors is less than stellar. Finally, officers who believe that the primary operating philosophy of the police is to serve the government appear to be satisfied with their jobs relative to their opportunity for promotion, which is perhaps a more critical measure for them than salary and benefits, reflecting the presence of a police organizational climate that is still rooted in the historical military culture of Korean police. The findings from this study suggest that more efforts are warranted in improving organizational climate if officers are to believe their primary goal is to serve the citizen, a fundamental element of democratic policing.
Love lauded and love lamented: Men and women in popular music

(1978). Love lauded and love lamented: Men and women in popular music. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-10.
Opthalmologic effect of ultrasound at diagnostic intensities

This study examined the possible harmful effects on the eye of prolonged exposure to ultrasound at diagnostic intensities. The left eyes of 20 rabbits were exposed to 9.5 mHz continuous wave ultrasound at 33.7 mW/cm2 for one to four hours. The right eyes serves as controls. Careful gross and microscopic examination did not reveal any morphological effects caused by ultrasonic irradiation.