cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass Casualty Incidents: Planning Implications for Trauma Care:

Failure to prepare is preparing to fail. While it may seem a daunting, even hopeless task, planning for disasters or mass casualty events is essential. It may be true that disasters defy planning and that the best for which one might hope is controlled chaos, but the success of a well-crafted and exercised disaster plan is measured by its ability to facilitate the restoration of order from the chaos. Although disasters are unpredictable and sudden, they are not necessarily random, and they can be anticipated (1). In certain geographic areas, the form of disaster (e.g. tornado, wildfire, earthquake, nuclear power plant events etc.) can be expected. Disasters, even from terrorism, follow patterns from which we can learn strategies to mitigate the damage. What is certain, however, is that disasters will be recurrent in one form or another. Factors that predispose to increasing the risk of disaster include an increase in population density, including an increasingly aging population in industrial countries, increased settlement in high risk areas, an increase in hazardous materials and technological hazards, environmental degradation, emergence of new infectious diseases, and the increased threat of terrorism (2). DEFINITIONS: DISASTER AND MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT
Representing Caused Motion in Embodied Construction Grammar

This paper offers an Embodied Construction Grammar (Feldman et al. 2010) representation of caused motion, thereby also providing (a sample of) the computational infrastructure for implementing the information that FrameNet has characterized as Caused_motion 1 (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010). This work specifies the semantic structure of caused motion in natural language, using an Embodied Construction Grammar analyzer that includes the semantic parsing of linguistically instantiated constructions. Results from this type of analysis can serve as the input to NLP applications that require rich semantic representations.
Optimizing Cotton Irrigation Strategies as Influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation

Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies can cause a systematic El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) coupling with the atmosphere to produce predictable weather patterns in much of North America. Adapting irrigation strategies for drought-tolerant crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to exploit forecast climatic conditions represents one potential innovative technique for managing the declining Ogallala Aquifer beneath the US Southern High Plains. The crop simulation model GOSSYM was used with ENSO phase-specific weather records during 1959 to 2000 at Bushland, TX, to estimate lint yields of cotton emerging on three dates from soil at 50 or 75% available water content for all possible combinations of irrigation durations (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk) and rates (2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mm d–¹). From those data, our objective was to compare partial center pivot deficit irrigation strategies that optimize calculated net cotton lint yield in relation to ENSO phase, initial soil water content, and emergence date. Although phase classification in June was inconsistent with maturing fall phases, the most accurately classified La Nina phase had limited rain that reduced lint yields compared with wetter Neutral and El Nino phases. During La Nina phase conditions, irrigation strategies that focused fixed water resources on smaller areas were better suited to increase net yield than spreading water across larger areas. Alternatively, during less predictable and wetter Neutral and El Nino phases, irrigation strategies that spread water increased net lint yield over focused applications except when both initial soil water and irrigation amount were limiting.
On the removal of hexavalent chromium from a Class F fly ash

Coarse and fine samples of a Class F fly ash obtained from commercial combustion of Illinois bituminous coal have been exposed to two long-term leaching tests designed to simulate conditions in waste impoundments. ICP-AES analysis indicated that the coarse and fine fly ash samples contained 135 and 171mg/kg Cr, respectively. Measurements by XAFS spectroscopy showed that the ash samples originally contained 5 and 8% of the chromium, respectively, in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). After exposure to water for more than four months, the percentage of chromium as Cr(VI) in the fly-ash decreased significantly for the coarse and fine fly-ash in both tests. Combining the XAFS data with ICP-AES data on the concentration of chromium in the leachates indicated that, after the nineteen-week-long, more aggressive, kinetic test on the coarse fly ash, approximately 60% of the Cr(VI) had been leached, 20% had been reduced to Cr(III) and retained in the ash, and 20% remained as Cr(VI) in the ash. In contrast, during the six-month-long baseline test, very little Cr was actually leached from either the coarse or the fine fly-ash (<0.1mg/kg); rather, about 66% and 20%, respectively, of the original Cr(VI) in the coarse and fine fly-ash was retained in the ash in that form, while the remainder, 34% and 80%, respectively, was reduced and retained in the ash as Cr(III). The results are interpreted as indicating that Cr(VI) present in Class F fly-ash can be reduced to Cr(III) when in contact with water and that such chemical reduction can compete with physical removal of Cr(VI) from the ash by aqueous leaching.
Hydrogen evolution from neutral water under aerobic conditions catalyzed by cobalt microperoxidase-11.

A molecular electrocatalyst is reported that reduces protons to hydrogen (H2) in neutral water under aerobic conditions. The biomolecular catalyst is made from cobalt substitution of microperoxidase-11, a water-soluble heme-undecapeptide derived from the protein horse cytochrome c. In aqueous solution at pH 7.0, the catalyst operates with near quantitative Faradaic efficiency, a turnover frequency ∼6.7 s–1 measured over 10 min at an overpotential of 852 mV, and a turnover number of 2.5 × 104. Catalyst activity has low sensitivity to oxygen. The results show promise as a hydrogenase functional mimic derived from a biomolecule.
Economic Evaluation of Alternatives for Microelectronics Lithography Processing

Cost-of-Ownership models for microelectronics fabrication equipment have been adapted to the analysis of the economics of optical lithography and associated processes such as mask making and photoresist application. This requires modification of the cost-of-ownership approach to the series of processing steps for wafer fabrication. These models enable the economic impacts of microelectronics design and processing decisions on silicon wafer fabrication to be estimated. The models have been incorporated into a software tool that uses defaults and data based on current industry standards and practice. Using this program the sensitivity of wafer processing costs to basic integrated circuit design parameters can be evaluated. The basic assumptions and data used in the economic models are presented together with results from application to typical case studies. The availability of these models facilitates the design for manufacture of microelectronic integrated circuits.
Liquid chromatographic determination and identification tests for dexamethasone in bulk drugs and elixirs: collaborative study

A normal phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of dexamethasone in bulk drugs and elixirs was collaboratively studied by 6 laboratories. The method uses a silica column, water-modified acetic acid-methanol-methylene chloride mobile phase, cortisone internal standard, and photometric detection at 254 nm. Collaborators were supplied blind duplicate samples of 3 bulk drugs, 2 commercial elixirs, and 1 authentic elixir. Dexamethasone elixir dosage level is 0.5 mg/5 mL. Mean recovery of dexamethasone from the authentic elixir formulated to contain 0.471 mg/5 mL was 94.5%. (Authentic elixirs were found to stabilize about 6% below the theoretical concentration.) Mean recovery for the bulk drugs was between 97.1 and 100.1%. Mean coefficients of variation for bulk drug and elixir samples were less than 0.8% and 3.6%, respectively. Identification tests for dexamethasone by thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and relative LC retention times, as well as the gas chromatographic determination of alcohol in the elixirs were also collaboratively studied. Mean recovery of alcohol from the synthetic elixir was 98.6%. The mean coefficient of variation for alcohol for all samples analyzed was less than 1.4%. The LC method for dexamethasone in drug substance and elixirs, the identification tests, and the GC method for alcohol in dexamethasone elixirs have been adopted official first action.
CK2.1, a novel peptide, induces articular cartilage formation in vivo

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 regulates chondrogenesis and cartilage formation. However, it also induces chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix degradation. We recently designed three peptides CK2.1, CK2.2, and CK2.3 that activate the BMP signaling pathways by releasing casein kinase II (CK2) from distinct sites at the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type Ia (BMPRIa). Since BMP2 is a major regulator of chondrogenesis and the peptides activated BMP signaling in a similar way, we evaluated the effect of these peptides on chondrogenesis and cartilage formation. C3H10T1/2 cells were stimulated with CK2.1, CK2.2, and CK2.3 and evaluated for the chondrogenic and osteogenic potential. For chondrogenesis, Alcian blue staining was performed. Additionally, collagen types II and X expression was measured. For osteogenesis, osteocalcin and von Kossa staining were performed. From the three peptides, CK2.1 was the most promising peptide to induce chondrogenesis but not osteogenesis. To investigate the effect of CK2.1 on articular cartilage formation in vivo, we injected CK2.1 into the tail vein of mice. Injection of CK2.1 into the tail vein of mice led to increased articular cartilage formation but not BMD. In sharp contrast, injection of BMP2 led to increased BMD and expression of collagen type X, a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy. MMP13 expression was unchanged. Our study demonstrates that CK2.1 drives chondrogenesis and cartilage formation without induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Peptide CK2.1 may, therefore, be a valuable therapeutic for cartilage degenerative diseases. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:876-885, 2017.
Reciprocal theorem for convective heat and mass transfer from a particle in Stokes and potential flows

A reciprocal theorem for convective heat and mass transfer offers an alternative approach for calculating integrated quantities such as an average flux from a particle. The results for nonuniform boundary conditions are obtained via solutions of auxiliary problems with constant surface conditions.
SU-F-T-539: Dosimetric Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Whole Brain Hippocampal Sparing Radiation Therapy Treatments

Purpose: To compare the treatment plan quality and dose gradient near the hippocampus between VMAT (RapidArc) and IMRT delivery techniques for whole brain radiation therapy. Methods: Fifteen patients were evaluated in this retrospective study. All treatments were planned on Varian Eclipse TPS, using 3-Arc VMAT and 9-Field IMRT, following NRG Oncology protocol NRG-CC001 guidelines evaluated by a single radiation oncologist. Prescribed doses in all plans were 30 Gy delivered over 10 fractions normalized to a minimum of 100% of the dose covering 95% of the target volume. Identical contour sets and dose-volume constraints following protocol guidelines were also applied in all plans. A paired t-test analysis was used to compare VMAT and IMRT plans. Results: NRG-CC001 protocol dose-volume constraints were met for all VMAT and IMRT plans. For the planning target volume (PTV), the average values for D2% and D98% were 6% lower and 4% higher in VMAT than in IMRT, respectively. The average mean and maximum hippocampus doses in Gy for VMAT vs IMRT plans were (11.85±0.81 vs. 12.24±0.56, p=0.10) and (16.27±0.78 vs. 16.59±0.71, p=0.24), respectively. In VMAT, the average mean and maximum chiasm doses were 3% and 1% higher than in IMRT plans, respectively. For the left optic nerve, the average mean and maximum doses were 10% and 5% higher in VMAT than in IMRT plans, respectively. These values were 12% and 3% for the right optic nerve. The average percentage of dose gradient around the hippocampus in the 0–5mm and 5–10mm abutted regions for VMAT vs. IMRT were (4.42%±2.22% /mm vs. 3.95%±2.61% /mm, p=0.43) and (4.54%±1.50% /mm vs. 4.39%±1.28% /mm, p=0.73), respectively. Conclusion: VMAT plans can achieve higher hippocampus sparing with a faster dose fall-off than IMRT plans. Though statistically insignificant, VMAT offers better PTV coverage with slightly higher doses to OARs.
Randomized Study of Decitabine Versus Observation or Continued Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Patients with Intermediate and Poor Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First or Subsequent Complete Remission.

The role of maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Continued therapy with cytotoxic agents similar to those used for induction and consolidation is associated with toxicity but can improve disease free survival (DFS). (Buchner T, J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2480 and Lowenberg B, J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:872) Immune modulation in this setting may also be effective in prolonging DFS.(Brune M, Blood2006;108:88). Methylation status of tumor suppressor genes in clinical remission predicts the relapse risk in AML with earlier relapse in patients with increased DNA promotor methylation.(Agrawal S, Cancer Res. 2007;67:1370) Therefore, hypomethylating therapy may be effective in maintaining remission and prolonging survival in these patients. We are conducting a clinical trial comparing decitabine to cytotoxic chemotherapy or observation in patients with AML in their first or subsequent complete remission (CR). Patients with non-favorable risk AML (including intermediate and poor risk) receive induction therapy with idarubicin and high dose cytarabine followed by at least 2 cycles of cytarabine based consolidation. They are then stratified by age (≤ 60 vs. > 60) and cytogenetics (intermediate vs. poor risk) and randomized to receive decitabine 20 mg/m 2 IV daily × 5 every 4 to 8 weeks for 12 cycles, or to continue chemotherapy/observation. Patients in > first CR are randomized after completion of salvage therapy. Serial samples for methylation studies and determination of minimal residual disease by flow cytometry are collected. To date, 19 (8 M, 11 F) patients with AML (including 14 in first CR and 5 in subsequent CR) have been enrolled onto the study. Median age of the patients is 56 years (range 31 – 74). Fourteen patients are ≤ 60 years. Cytogenetics at diagnosis was intermediate in 10 patients, poor-risk in 8 patients, and favorable [inv(16)] in one relapsed patient. Eight patients were randomized to decitabine and have received a median of 3 cycles (range 1 – 6). Eleven patients were randomized to observation/continued therapy and all, except 2 patients, have received further cytarabine based therapy after consolidation. With a median duration of follow up for the entire group of 5 months (range 1 – 9), 7/8 patients on the decitabine arm and 9/11 patients on the other arm have remained in remission. Toxicity in the decitabine treated patients was limited to 4 episodes of grade 3 neutropenia, 2 episode of grade 3 thrombocytopenia, and 1 episodes of grade 3 anemia. All of these cytopenias were short in duration and reversed without any associated adverse events. We conclude that administration of decitabine in CR at the above schedule/dose is safe and well tolerated.
Text message link to online survey: A new highly effective method of longitudinal data collection.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate response rate to a text message link for an online survey as a method of data collection over the course of a medication abortion. Study design This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 110 women initiating a medication abortion up to 70 days gestation. We sent a text message containing a link to an online survey collecting pain scores, analgesic use, and adverse effects at six time points over 72 h from time of misoprostol administration (0-, 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 72-hours). Our primary outcome was the proportion of all text messages sent for which an online survey response was received. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of complete responses (all six surveys), responses received more than two hours after text prompt (defined as late), and differences in response rate by time of day. Results From June 2015 to October 2016, we screened 241 women, and 110 were randomized. We excluded three (1.2%) due to lack of a cellular phone with text capability, and three (2.7%) were lost to follow-up after enrollment. We received a response to 95.9% (633/660) of the delivered surveys, and 93.6% (103/110) of participants completed all six surveys. Over three-quarters of all responses were received within two hours of the requested time. Surveys sent before 08:00 were more likely to be returned late. Conclusions In this population of women seeking medication abortion, text message link to online survey response appears to be an effective mode of data collection. Implications Text message prompts for an online survey may optimize longitudinal real-time data collection response rates of sensitive data.
In the Name of the Mother: From Fascist Melodrama to the Maternal Horrific in the Films of Dario Argento

Marcia Landy, “In the Name of the Mother: From Fascist Melodrama to the Maternal Horrific in Dario Argento’s Films”. In this chapter, Landy explores melodrama as a contentious literary and cinematic form in Italian culture through its alignment with a politics of the body by way of sensational affect. Bordering on, at times metamorphosing, into the horrific, the melodramatic imagination entertains scenarios of murder, monstrosity and bodily mutilation perpetrated by or on maternal figures.
Spectral approach to transport in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with substitutional disorder

The transport properties of a disordered two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice are examined numerically using the spectral approach to the 2D percolation problem, characterized by an Anderson-type Hamiltonian. In our model, disorder is represented by two parameters: a distribution of random on-site energies ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{i}$ (positional disorder) and a concentration of doping energies $p$ (substitutional disorder). The results indicate the existence of extended energy states for nonzero disorder and the emergence of a transition towards localized behavior for critical doping concentration ${n}_{D}g0.3%$, in agreement with the experimentally observed metal-to-insulator transition in a graphene sheet doped with hydrogen.
Echocardiographic examination techniques

The most critical and difficult part of echocardiography is obtaining an echocardiographic record of the best possible technical quality which accurately represents the patient’s cardiac anatomy and physiology. When a satisfactory record is obtained, interpretation is not difficult in the majority of cases. Accurate interpretation is often impossible with technically poor or incomplete records, even when the underlying cardiac disease is straightforward and uncomplicated. Three major and interrelated factors contribute to consistent success in obtaining satisfactory records: a firm understanding of cardiac anatomy, development of the technical ability to direct the probe at important cardiac structures and knowledge of proper adjustment of the instrumentation to obtain optimal records.
Gravitational radiation from the classical spinning double copy

We establish a correspondence between perturbative classical gluon and gravitational radiation emitted by spinning sources, to linear order in spin. This is an extension of the nonspinning classical perturbative double copy and uses the same color-to-kinematic replacements. The gravitational theory has a scalar (dilaton) and a 2-form field (the Kalb-Ramond axion) in addition to the graviton. In a preceding paper [W. D. Goldberger et al., Phys. Rev. D 97, 105018 (2018)], we computed axion radiation in the gravitational theory to show that the correspondence fixes its action. Here, we present complete details of the gravitational computation. In particular, we also calculate the graviton and dilaton amplitudes in this theory and find that they precisely match with the predictions of the double copy. This constitutes a nontrivial check of the classical double copy correspondence and brings us closer to the goal of simplifying the calculation of gravitational wave observables for astrophysically relevant sources.
A multimodal rehabilitation program for patients with ICU acquired weakness improves ventilator weaning and discharge home

Abstract Purpose To compare the effects of adding a progressive multimodal rehabilitation program to usual care (MRP + UC) versus UC alone on 1) functional mobility, strength, endurance and 2) ventilator weaning and discharge status of patients with ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). Methods Randomized pilot trial of an individualized MRP + UC versus UC in middle-aged and older ICU survivors with ICUAW receiving PMV. Outcomes compare changes in strength, mobility, weaning success and discharge home from a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) between the groups. Results Eighteen males and 14 females (age 60.3 ± 11.9 years) who received PMV for ≥14 days were enrolled. Despite no significant differences between groups in the changes in handgrip, gait speed, short physical performance battery or 6-min walk distance after treatment, the MRP + UC group had greater weaning success (87% vs. 41%, p Conclusion The addition of an MRP that improves strength, physical function and mobility to usual physical therapy in LTACH patients with ICUAW is associated with greater weaning success and discharge home than UC alone.
Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic anxiety disorder, marked by recurrent, intrusive, and distressing thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions) (American Psychiatric Association, 2004). Epidemiological data suggest a 6-month prevalence of 1–2% (Myers et al., 1984) and a lifetime prevalence of 2–3% (Robins et al., 1984). OCD symptoms often severely disrupt social and vocational functioning (Leon, Portera, & Weissman, 1995), and OCD is associated with a 40% unemployment rate (Steketee, Grayson,& Foa, 1987).Asurvey of individuals with OCD indicated that 20% spent 5–8 hr per day engaged in rituals, with 13% spending more than 17 hr per day during the most severe period of the disorder (Gallup Organization Inc., 1990).
Pediatric osteosarcoma: Treatment of the primary tumor with intraarterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II (CDP)— Advantages, disadvantages, and controversial issues

This communication will review therapeutic and toxic effects of intraarterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II (CDP) in the treatment of the primary tumor and will discuss controversial issues [1,2,3].
Memristor: Remembrance of Things Past

Postulated in 1971, the memristor did not see the light of day until a serendipitous discovery at HP nearly four decades later. Here, I reminisce on the crisis that inspired me to develop an axiomatic nonlinear circuit theory where the memristor emerges naturally as the fourth basic circuit element.
Measuring working memory capacity with the letter–number sequencing task: Advantages of visual administration

Working memory capacity (WMC) plays a major role in many applied contexts, and it is important to be able to accurately measure this construct. The current studies tested whether the modality of administration of the Letter-Number Sequencing task affects performance on the task. The Letter-Number Sequencing task is a WMC measure included as part of the WAIS-III and WAIS-IV test batteries. The task involves hearing a series of letters and digits, and then reporting back the stimuli with the letters in alphabetical order, and digits in ascending numerical order. The task is traditionally administered orally, but recent studies have administered versions of the tasks visually by displaying stimuli on a computer screen. Results suggest that performance differences on the Letter-Number Sequencing task may arise as a function of language background and task administration modality.
NDT Geophysical Data Interpretation

Structural interpretation of NDT geophysical data sets typically constitutes part of an exploration program. Experts in this field apply their extensive knowledge of the methodologies and associated physical parameters that could be related to the presence of buried structures and/or defects in the construction materials of monumental heritage. Products can include an interpretation of data related also to integration with other data (i.e., archaeological data, structural data; data from one or more NDT techniques).
Systems-level properties of EGFR/Ras/ERK signalling amplify local signals to generate gene expression plasticity

The EGFR/Ras/ERK signalling pathway is a driver of cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in tumours that exhibit high cell-to-cell heterogeneity. While the signalling activity of this pathway is frequently amplified in tumours, it is not understood how the kinetic aspects of its activation in tumours differ from normal cellular signalling. Using live-cell reporters of ERK signalling in the breast cancer progression series HMT-3522, we found that ERK activity in invasive cells is similar in amplitude to isogenic non-malignant cells but is highly dynamic and more disordered, leading to more heterogeneous expression of ERK target genes. Our analysis reveals that this diversification arises from systems-level functions of the pathway, including intracellular amplification of amphiregulin-mediated paracrine signalling and differential kinetic filtering by genes including Fra-1, c-Myc, and Egr1. Our findings establish a mechanism for the generation of non-genetic tumour cell plasticity arising from the specific quantitative properties of a signal transduction pathway
Propagating molecular rotational coherences through single-frequency pulses in the strong field regime

In the weak-field limit in which microwave spectroscopy is typically carried out, an application of a single-frequency pulse that is resonant with a molecular transition will create a coherence between the pair of states involved in the rotational transition, producing a free-induction decay (FID) that, after Fourier transform, produces a molecular signal at that same resonance frequency. With the advent of chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave methods, the high-powered amplifiers needed to produce broadband microwave spectra also open up other experiments that probe the molecular response in the high-field regime. This paper describes a series of experiments involving resonant frequency pulses interrogating jet-cooled molecules under conditions of sufficient power to Rabi oscillate the two-state system through many Rabi cycles. The Fourier-transformed FID shows coherent signal not only at the applied resonant frequency but also at a series of transitions initially connected to the original one by sharing an upper or lower level with it. As the duration of the single-frequency excitation is increased from 250 to 1500 ns, the number of observed off-resonant, but dipole-allowed, molecular coherences grow. The phenomenon is quite general, having been demonstrated in Z-phenylvinylnitrile, E-phenylvinylnitrile (E-PVN), benzonitrile, guaiacol, and 4-pentynenitrile. In E-PVN, the highest power/longest pulse duration, coherent signal is also present at energetically nearby but not directly connected transitions. Even in molecular samples containing more than one independent species, only transitions due to the single species responsible for the original resonant transition are present. We develop a time-dependent model of the molecular/photon system and use it in conjunction with the experiment to test possible sources of the phenomenon.
Trends in Lifestyle Counseling for Adults With and Without Diabetes in the U.S., 2005-2015.

Introduction Strong evidence shows that lifestyle change and weight loss stimulated by counseling improve glycemic control and lower comorbidities for patients with diabetes, but it is unclear whether diet or physical activity counseling for patients with diabetes in ambulatory settings has actually been responsive to this evidence. Methods Data from the 2005–2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys were used to assess trends in provider-reported diet or exercise counseling during ambulatory care visits. The data were pooled and multivariate logistic regression models were built, adjusting for patient-, provider-, and practice-level characteristics to examine whether the provision of counseling varied by these characteristics. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to December 2018. Results There were 42,234 adults with diabetes and 272,094 adults without diabetes. The proportions of patients with provider-reported Type 2 diabetes who received any diet or exercise counseling were no different over time, 30% in 2005 (95% CI=25%, 35%) and 25% in 2015 (95% CI=18%, 31%). Lower proportions of those without diabetes received any counseling, 17% in 2005 (95% CI=14%, 19%) and 15% in 2015 (95% CI=11%, 18%). Adjusted models showed that Hispanic patients had a higher likelihood of receiving diet or exercise counseling, compared with whites (OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.09, 1.75). Those aged 30–49 years were more likely to receive diet or exercise counseling than those aged >75 years (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.27, 1.80). Compared with rural areas and other providers, visits in a metropolitan area (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.09, 1.47) or with an advanced practice provider (OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.00, 2.75) had a higher likelihood of any diet or exercise counseling delivery. Conclusions Less than 30% of Americans with diabetes receive diet or exercise counseling in ambulatory visits, and this proportion has not changed significantly in a decade. Future interventions should focus on addressing this gap in counseling.
Increasing Evidence for the Use of Sodium Oxybate in Multi-Drug-Resistant Lance-Adams Syndrome.

Background: Treatment of posthypoxic myoclonus (PHM) can be a challenge in patients not responsive to first-line medications. PMH is a rare condition that has a dramatic impact on patients’ quality of life. Refractory cases are not uncommon. Case report: We report a patient with PHM non-responsive to conventional treatments who showed a dramatic improvement with sodium oxybate (SBX). Cases of PHM treated with SBX reported in the literature were reviewed. Discussion: Resting and stimulus-induced myoclonus respond robustly to SBX, with significant improvement in patients’ quality of life. SBX may be considered in patients with PHM resistant to first-line medications.
Use of an Ambulatory Patient Portal for Advance Care Planning Engagement.

Background: Primary care clinics need sustainable, population-based approaches to engage patients in advance care planning (ACP). Patient portal-based ACP tools may provide an option for patient engagement. Objective: To increase ACP outcomes by engaging older adults through portal-based ACP tools, including an electronic Medical Durable Power of Attorney (MDPOA) form. Methods: Geriatric clinic pilot of a multi-modal population-based outreach strategy for portal-based ACP tools. Outreach was to patients (n = 105) who were 65 years and older with an active portal account, no cognitive impairment, and no MDPOA on file. Patients received a motivational message via the portal and, if not read within 2 weeks, a mailed postcard about the portal-based ACP tools. Primary outcome was composite of any ACP action at 1-year including 1) new advance directive (AD) in the electronic health record, 2) use of portal-based ACP tools, or 3) documented ACP discussion with a provider. Results: Sixty-five older adults read the electronic message at 12 months. Seventeen (16%) engaged in at least 1 ACP action. Fourteen of 17 engaged by adding an AD to their record. More patients completed an AD on article or brought a previously completed AD to clinic, compared with choosing to complete an electronic MDPOA via the portal. Conclusions: Brief motivational messages about ACP via a patient portal is feasible and may increase ACP outcomes for older adults in primary care. Future studies should evaluate population-based portal outreach strategies in combination with team-based workflows to enhance patient engagement in ACP.
America classifies the immigrants: from Ellis Island to the 2020 census: by Joel Perlmann, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 2018, 464pp., $46.50, £37.95, ISBN 9780674425057

Joel Perlmann offers an unprecedented look into the historical, political and intellectual developments that have informed prevailing views of ethnoracial differences in the US over the last centur...
Parent Distress Intolerance, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Mental Health Service Use

While extensive evidence links service use for mental health problems to demographic variables and positive attitudes, studies have not explored the role of transdiagnostic risk factors, like distress intolerance (DI) and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study examined the relationship between parental DI and RNT on mental health treatment seeking for parents themselves and their children. Results suggest higher DI and RNT predict service use among parents (p < 0.05) but were not significantly associated with help seeking for their children, indicating that factors more proximal to the child may have greater influence when parents make treatment decisions for their children. Results also indicte that DI moderates the relationship between parent psychopathology and parent service use, such that parent psychopathology is significantly associated with service use for those with lower DI, but not at moderate or high levels of DI. Implications for marketing mental health information to parents and engaging them in treatment are discussed.
Encouraging collaboration and building Community in Online Asynchronous Professional Development: designing for social capital

This research investigates a design and development approach to improving science teachers’ access to effective professional development (PD) in a fully online, asynchronous environment. Working with a small number of teachers, this study explores how a design combining social capital mechanisms with essential teacher learning and PD characteristics supported teachers’ abilities to participate in the online course and collaboratively build knowledge. Teachers’ perceptions of their experiences both in surveys and interviews demonstrated high satisfaction with the quality and usability of the PD, including positive beliefs related to the social capital elements of tie quality, depth of interaction, and access to expertise. Further transactivity analyses of their interactions in course discussions showed higher levels of collaborative discourse resulting from prompts that specifically targeted the exchange of information over those that asked teachers to reflect about their content understanding or their classroom practice. Implications for this design for asynchronous online PD approaches to reach more teachers are discussed.
The nature of night eating syndrome: Using network analysis to understand unique symptomological relationships.

Objectives Despite the initial characterization of night eating syndrome (NES) in 1955, the definition and operationalization of its symptoms has varied considerably. To standardize the definition of NES and its symptoms, Allison et al. developed research diagnostic criteria. Even so, conceptualization and intervention of NES remains guided by medical models, which assume that pathology is driven by a distinct, underlying causal mechanism. Conversely, recent work on other eating disorders (EDs) has used network analysis to reconceptualize ED psychopathology and treatment by identifying (a) unique relationships between key symptoms, and (b) the symptoms most central to specific EDs. The present study examined NES symptoms through network analysis to identify the most central symptoms within the NES network. Method Regularized partial correlation networks were estimated using 144 individuals in a community sample diagnosed with NES. Participants completed semi-structured interviews, self-report measures, and food/sleep diaries to measure NES symptoms, nonspecific health domains (e.g., sleep disturbance, overall mood, stress, and circadian rhythm functioning), and transdiagnostic ED symptoms. Results Depressed mood, poor sleep quality, and a strong urge to eat upon awakening at night were highly central to the psychopathology network for NES and were significantly more central than most other NES symptoms and nonspecific health domains. Discussion This study provides insight on the unique symptomological relationships of NES and sets the stage for future work that can identify causal linkages among NES symptoms. These symptoms represent key elements of the core psychopathology of NES and should represent primary targets for intervention.
Book Review: Chinese Law and Legal Research, by Wei Luo

Mr. Wei Luo has taken up the enormous challenge of establishing a subject-arrangement codification system and a uniform legal citation standard for China. Mr. Luo’s unique exposure to the Chinese legal system and law making process has made him the ideal scholar to address Chinese legal research. As a result of a five-year-long endeavor to direct these codification and legal citation projects, Mr. Luo has published his outstanding volume Chinese Law and Chinese Legal Research. As the title of the book indicates, Mr. Luo’s work has gone far beyond the scope of an ordinary research guide or annotated bibliography. He devotes the first four chapters of the book to explaining Chinese legal culture and the legal system. These four chapters alone are a valuable treatise not only for law librarians, but also for law professors, practitioners, and students. The five remaining chapters cover topics ranging from an in-depth analysis of the Chinese publishing industry, to censorship, government information dissemination, internet sources on Chinese law, and lists of major Chinese legal bibliographies. Mr. Luo’s seminal work has many virtues, but three in particular should be noted. First, Mr. Luo has successfully integrated scholarly writing with extensive bibliographical information. Second, Mr. Luo has creatively embedded Chinese sources in their original form into the text and footnotes of his book. Third, Mr. Luo’s work is incredibly comprehensive. For these reasons, Chinese Law and Legal Research is the most important source for researchers who try to navigate the labyrinth of Chinese legal materials, and is highly recommended for academic libraries that support Chinese law research.
Reading Comprehension Feasibility Perspectives from Teachers of a Residential Children’s Treatment Facility: A Focus Group Study

The current study investigated perceptions on reading comprehension instruction within a residential treatment facility. Four special education teachers participated in a focus group, identifying facilitators and barriers to teaching reading comprehension within a restrictive education setting to youth with and at-risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Study findings indicate that facilitators for reading comprehension instruction within the classroom include the belief that reading is a life-long skill, the importance of differentiating instruction, and an understanding that youth learn in different ways. Contextual setting and youth attributes, a delay in academic instruction, incomplete instructional toolbox, and teacher and youth buy-in are identified barriers to reading comprehension instruction within a residential treatment facility. Suggestions for addressing these barriers, as well as future directions for research are outlined. This study highlights a need for additional investigation into stakeholder perceptions regarding reading instruction in restrictive educational settings.
Privatising the Inputs of Production: A Case of Careful Choice of Beneficiaries and Losers

A discontinuous period for agrarian policies since 1990 The study of Indian class relations and their interaction with the state policy necessitates an overview of Indian polity in the post-liberalisation era. Liberalisation of India's economic policies started in 1991, aiming to make the economy more market oriented and expand the role of private and foreign investments. That decade was a period of economic, social, and political flux, from which India took about eight years to stabilise. Kohli (2001) points out that between 1947 and 1990, India had five general elections, while five general elections were held during the 1990s alone. Following this, the BJP-led NDA held power for two terms (1998–2004). The period between 1997–98 and 2004–05 registered low agricultural growth at 1.6 per cent per annum, which recovered to 3.5 per cent between 2003–04 and 2010–11 (Dev, 2012). The late 1990s witnessed the lowest agricultural growth. The period since 1997 has been characterised by agrarian distress culminating in farmer suicides (Patnaik, 2003). Political commentators argue that in view of the agrarian distress across states, the NDA lost support of India's rural voters, which proved to be the NDA's undoing. Against this backdrop, the UPA with the Congress at its helm came to power (Birner, Gupta, Sharma, 2011; Bose, 2006; Mooij, 2005) in the 2004 general election. The rise in agricultural growth right after that makes the problem worth thinking about. The various regional parties that had mushroomed during the 1970s and 1980s came to play a determining role in the formation of governments at the centre, because the national parties were unable to attain a simple majority on their own. Be it the BJP-led NDA or the Congress-led UPA, the coalition had to include regional parties to form governments. Until 2014, the UPA held power at the centre, while governments changed hands at regional levels. The three states studied here – Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, and Karnataka – have mostly been under the rule of the BJP since 2000. Since its formation in 2000, Chhattisgarh has had a BJP government till date. Karnataka was governed by the Congress until 2004, and has had the BJP in power since then. Meanwhile, politically, Gujarat had a tumultuous time until 2000, with the continuous entry and exit of different leaders and parties who seldom completed a full term.
COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) guidelines; revisiting the Western New York approach as the pandemic evolves.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children (MIS-C) continues to be a highly concerning diagnosis in those recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. The diagnosis of MIS-C cases will likely become even more challenging as vaccine uptake and natural immunity in previously infected persons leads to lower circulating rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and will make cases sporadic. Febrile children presenting with cardiac dysfunction, symptoms overlapping Kawasaki disease or significant gastrointestinal complaints warrant a thorough screen in emergency departments, urgent care centers, and outpatient pediatric or family medicine practices. An increased index of suspicion and discussion regarding higher level of care (transferring to pediatric tertiary care centers or to intensive care) continue to be recommended. Herein we outline a broad approach with a multidisciplinary team for those meeting the case definition, and believe such an approach is crucial for successful outcomes.
Ultrafast Dynamics Experienced by Carbon Dioxide Diffusing through Polymer Matrices

Fourier transform infrared, pump-probe polarization anisotropy, and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopies were used to study the steady-state and time-dependent behavior of carbon dioxide dissolved in three different polymer systems. Gas reorientation dynamics in poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl acrylate), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) were sensitive to the nature of chemical interactions between the gas and polymer, as well as whether the polymer was in a glassy or rubbery phase. The homogeneous dynamics experienced by the asymmetric stretching vibration were found to be fastest for rubbery polymers with weak, nonspecific gas-polymer interactions. Spectral diffusion was absent for the carbon dioxide vibrational mode in glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) but was activated for the chemically similar but rubbery poly(methyl acrylate). The vibrational dynamics are shown to have a direct correlation with the diffusivity of carbon dioxide through the polymer matrices.
Paper boats: PDC 08, Bloomington, IN

Set up tables along the shore of the pond of in Miller Park or at the Showalter Fountain with white paper. Provide instructions for making paper boats. Participants are invited to write their hopes upon the boat before launching them. During the course of the day the pond will become increasingly filled with boats. At sunset the boats will be collected and removed from the pond.
Transparent and Efficient Markets: Compelled Commercial Speech and Coerced Commercial Associations in United Foods, Zauderer, and Abood

In 2001 the Supreme Court in United States v. United Foods, Inc., 533 U.S. 405 (2001), struck down federal assessments on mushroom growers that were used to subsidize generic advertisements designed to promote and stabilize the market in fresh mushrooms. The Court held that First Amendment scrutiny is triggered whenever persons are forced to "subsidize speech with which they disagree" or whenever "certain individuals" are compelled "to pay subsidies for speech to which they object." United Foods thus sharply limited the longstanding precedent of Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel, 471 U.S. 626 (1985), in which the Court had held that commercial speakers could be required to disclose information because their interests in refusing to do so were "minimal." The conclusion of Zauderer followed from the logic of the Court's commercial speech doctrine, which held that such speech received constitutional protection because of "the informational function of advertising" rather than because of the interests of commercial speakers. The article argues that United Foods implicitly revises this logic. United Foods augments the constitutional interests of commercial speakers and, concomitantly, the First Amendment rights of commercial speakers to associate together to promulgate their speech. This transformation of commercial speech doctrine is highly consequential, for it threatens to undermine pervasive regimes of regulation that seek to promote transparent and efficient markets by requiring commercial actors to disclose information.
Integration Schemes for Molecular Dynamics and Related Applications

A variety of modern practical techniques are presented for the derivation of integration schemes that are useful for molecular dynamics and a variety of related applications. In particular, the emphasis is on Hamiltonian systems, including those with constraints, and to a lesser extent stochastic differential equations. Among the techniques discussed are operator splitting, multiple time stepping, and accuracy enhancement through “post-processing.” Attention is also given to analytical tools for selecting among different integration schemes, for example, small-time-step analysis of the backward error, linear analysis, and small-energy analysis.