cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pressure gun injection injuries of the hand

In the growing number of pressure gun injuries with injection of materials into the hand, the degree of toxicity of the material, the amount injected and early adequate treatment are the three most important factors in determining the final result. Paint is the most toxic agent and causes an extreme amount of tissue inflammation. Early debridement of the injected material gives the best functional result. In spite of early surgical debridement, some of these injuries, most commonly with highly toxic agents, progress to eventual amputation.
Ideological symmetries and asymmetries in political intolerance and prejudice toward political activist groups

Abstract Three studies examined ideological symmetries and asymmetries in political intolerance and prejudice toward political activist groups. Using both student and non-student samples, and two alternative methodologies for studying political intolerance, the results of these studies converge on three important and novel conclusions. First, consistent with the ideological conflict hypothesis, both liberals and conservatives were politically intolerant and prejudiced toward ideologically dissimilar groups, to similar degrees. Second, whereas political intolerance and prejudice are related intergroup phenomena, they have different threat-based antecedents. Specifically, whereas symbolic threat significantly predicted prejudice, it did not predict political intolerance of the same groups. Finally, the threat-based antecedents of political intolerance depended on the political objectives of the group itself. Across studies, only safety threat predicted intolerance of left-wing groups. In Studies 1 and 2, only realistic threat predicted intolerance of right-wing groups; however, Study 3 revealed that those effects are attributable to beliefs that right-wing groups are a threat to people's rights. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, including their relevance to political intolerance and prejudice reduction interventions.
Pore structure and sorption properties of silica aerogels studied by magnetic resonance imaging and pulsed-field gradient spectroscopy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided direct visualization of gaseous xenon and methane in the void spaces of aerogels, offering unique information and insights into the pore structure and molecular diffusivities of occluded sorbates. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed-field gradient (PFG) techniques were used to characterize exchange and diffusive motion of sorbed xenon gas at equilibrium. PFG measurements showed evidence of anisotropic diffusion; nominal self-diffusivity coefficients of xenon on the order of D = 10-7 m2/s were determined. Based on a mathematical relationship for the restricted diffusion of gases in confined environments, an expression for estimating the mean free path was derived, from which the average pore size could be obtained from the extrapolated value of the diffusion coefficient to low xenon pressures.
Investigation of droplet deposition from a turbulent gas stream

Abstract Turbulent deposition of particles from two-phase flow onto the smooth wall of a tube has been studied theoretically and experimentally. A model is proposed for the deposition motion of large particles based on turbulent diffusion in the core followed by a free flight towards the wall. The theory shows that within the Stokes regime, the dimensionless deposition velocity k- d / u * depends on Re and τ + only, where u* is the friction velocity, Re is the tube Reynolds number and τ + is the dimensionless particle relaxation time. Deposition data are obtained for air-water droplet flow through a 12.7-mm i.d. acrylic tubing at Re = 52,500 and 94,600. The proposed theory satisfactorily describes the existing deposition data as well as present measurements, covering a wide range of Re and τ + .
Comparative reflex response times of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis in normal subjects and subjects with extensor mechanism dysfunction. An electromyographic study.

Reflex response times of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis were evaluated in 41 normal sub jects and 16 patients with extensor mechanism dys function. The reflex response times for both muscles to a patellar tendon tap were evaluated by electro myography. The latencies of the muscles were statis tically analyzed in both groups. In normal subjects, one- tailed paired-sample t-tests determined that the vastus medialis obliquus fired significantly faster than the vas tus lateralis (P < 0.001). In the patients, the vastus lateralis fired significantly faster than the vastus medi alis obliquus (P < 0.001). A chi square goodness of fit test demonstrated a dependency between the order of muscle firing and the type of subject (P < 0.001). Two- tailed independent-sample t-tests revealed that the pa tients demonstrated a significantly faster vastus later alis response time than the normal subjects (P < 0.001), whereas the vastus medialis obliquus times were not significantly different. This increase...
Average nonlinear duality and the Pomeron for two-body and inclusive processes☆

Abstract A simple scheme combining duality with unitarity is applied to exotic ππ and π-Reggeized-ϱ scattering. The resulting ϱϱP triple-Regge vertex is in agreement with recent fits to inclusive cross sections. An extension to nonexotic channels is also discussed.
Weighted model components for gradient direction matching in overhead images

Gradient direction matching (GDM) is the main target identification algorithm used in the Image Content Engine project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. GDM is a 3D solid model-based edge-matching algorithm which does not require explicit edge extraction from the source image. The GDM algorithm is presented, identifying areas where performance enhancement seems possible. Improving the process of producing model gradient directions from the solid model by assigning different weights to different parts of the model is an extension tested in the current study. Given a simple geometric model, we attempt to determine, without obvious semantic clues, if different weight values produce significantly better matching accuracy, and how those weights should be assigned to produce the best matching accuracy. Two simple candidate strategies for assigning weights are proposed--pixel-weighted and edge-weighted. We adjust the weights of the components in a simple model of a tractor/semi-trailer using relevance feedback to produce an optimal set of weights for this model and a particular test image. The optimal weights are then compared with pixel and edge-weighting strategies to determine which is most suitable and under what circumstances.
The structure and purity of a reference dye standard used for quantification of C.I. Solvent Red 164 in fuels

This study characterizes a primary reference dye standard, certified as being 99% C.I. Solvent Red 26, that is used in the United States to identify tax-free fuel, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that 72% of the primary reference dye is equivalent to National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 2037 (C.I. Solvent Red 24). Several of the impurities were tentatively identified and a number of additional impurities were partially characterized. Possible explanations and implications are briefly discussed.
Do we really know how well our occupational accident prevention programs work

This article summarizes evaluation data for ten types of accident prevention program drawn from 53 program evaluations: personnel selection variables, technological interventions, behavior modification programs, poster campaigns, quality circles, exercise and stress management, nearmiss accident reporting, comprehensive ergonomics, the International Safety Rating System (ISRS), and the Finnish national control program. Standard measures of effect size were computed for source studies which described the effectiveness of programs in terms of the percentage reduction in accidents attributable to the program. By this standard, personnel selection techniques were the least effective (3.8%), and comprehensive ergonomics programs (49.5%) were the most effective. Some methodological issues in safety program evaluation are discussed in conjunction with some further thoughts on a previously published review of ISRS evaluation results (in 1991).
The Public Health Hazards of Risk Avoidance Associated With Public Reporting of Risk-Adjusted Outcomes in Coronary Intervention

Public reporting of risk-adjusted outcomes for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures has been mandated in New York State for more than a decade. During that time there has been a significant decline in the unadjusted mortality after such procedures. Massachusetts joined New York in 2003 as only the second state to require case level reporting of every coronary interventional procedure performed. In this review, we explore the differences in the populations reported by the 2 states and consider possible risks of public reporting of clinical outcomes after PCI procedures, including the risk of increasing conservatism in the treatment of the sickest patients. We offer a conceptual framework to understand the potential risk-averse behavior of interventional cardiologists subject to public reporting, and offer several proposals to counteract this potential deleterious effect of reporting programs.
An object-based image analysis approach for mapping and monitoring flooding and topographic change near Duluth, Minnesota, USA

A short-term precipitation event near Duluth, Minnesota, USA caused flooding, erosion, and deposition that impacted the natural and anthropogenic landscape. This study quantified these impacts with an object-based image analysis approach that integrated multi-temporal lidar and optical data. Flooding inundated 3% of the study area and impacted 28% of the buildings. Topographic change volumes from erosion and deposition ranged from 36.3 m 3 to -32.2 m 3 . Erosion occurred over 21% of the area while deposition occurred over 11% of the area. These results provide decision managers with a spatially-explicit framework for assessing and monitoring inundation and topographic change in response short-term precipitation events.
Picric acid methods greatly overestimate serum creatinine in mice: More accurate results with high-performance liquid chromatography☆

The creatinine levels of blood and urine from humans, rats, and mice were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. These were compared to the alkaline picrate analysis of creatinine performed by standard colorimetric, kinetic, and AutoAnalyzer techniques. For human serum and urine the values obtained using the HPLC technique gave good agreement with four out of five alkaline picrate techniques. For black or white mice, the serum creatinine concentration was 8.7 +/- 0.4 microM by HPLC but 44.9 +/- 1.9 microM by the lowest alkaline picrate method. Mouse urine creatinine concentrations were 3.24 +/- 0.19 mM by HPLC and 4.59 +/- 0.39 mM by the nearest alkaline picrate method. Rat serum creatinine concentrations analyzed by HPLC were about half the values obtained by AutoAnalyzer. Mouse and rat samples seemed to have substances which gave nonspecific color and thus interfered with the analysis of creatinine by the alkaline picrate methods. While the alkaline picrate analysis of creatinine was adequate for human samples, it was necessary to use HPLC to accurately measure rodent creatinine. The fractional excretion of creatinine was determined by measuring creatinine in mouse urine and plasma by both the kinetic and HPLC methods and comparing these values to urine and plasma inulin. Using the kinetic method, creatinine was cleared at 43 +/- 3% of the rate of inulin. Using the HPLC method, creatinine was cleared at 170 +/- 11% of the rate of inulin.
Economic Impact of Cultural Events: The Case of the Zora! Festival

In addition to their cultural and social values, cultural events have emerged as an instrument for tourism development, tourism seasonality expansion, city image improvement and boosting regional economies. By using a Social Accounting Matrix for Orange County, Florida, this study evaluates the economic impact of an event that highlights the folklore and cultural contribution of Zora Neale Hourston. Survey data from 1100 event participants were used to estimate the spending patterns of festival attendees. The two major contributions directly related to this study are (1) the use of a quantitative methodology that will put different policy options in perspective and (2) enabling researchers to study the impact of cultural events at three levels: direct, indirect and induced effects.
Safe administration of vancomycin through a novel midline catheter: a randomized, prospective clinical trial.

BackgroundAccording to the 2011 Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice, the low pH of intravenous vancomycin requires that it be administered through a central line. However, a careful review of th...
Stakeholder influence on corporate strategies over time

Modern management reporting on its company's performance is influenced by individuals’ ethical considerations. Stakeholders’ philosophies have continued to change over the last 75 years affecting reporting systems for companies reporting information internally and externally. These fundamental changes in philosophy have affected how information is conveyed. We are not claiming that only one philosophical viewpoint dominates companies reporting practices, but there does appear to be a changing trend of philosophies building on one another. We use resource dependence theory in relationship to a decision-making model to explain changing stakeholders positions over time. This paper argues that six dominant philosophical theories have influenced the way individuals and organizations report financial and other information. Further, these philosophies then are depicted in a model that helps us to understand what influences companies to present themselves to the outside world. A vignette is used to depict changing philosophical views for several companies’ management report over 75 years.
The rhythm of blood

Circadian (from the Latin “about a day”) rhythms are self-sustained, daily oscillations in a wide spectrum of biologic processes including body temperature, blood pressure, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone production. These daily oscillations, or rhythms, are controlled by an endogenous
A biobehavioural model of the night eating syndrome

This paper will propose a biobehavioral mechanism for the Night Eating Syndrome (NES), a disorder characterized by a delayed circadian rhythm of food intake and neuroendocrine function. Food intake consists of at least 25% of daily caloric intake after the evening meal and/or at least two nighttime awakenings with ingestions per week. This will be explored by reviewing neuroimaging of brain serotonin transporters (SERT) and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SERT binding is elevated in the midbrain of night eaters, causing dysregulation of the circadian rhythm of both food intake and neuroendocrine function. The administration of SSRIs blocks the reuptake of serotonin and restores the circadian rhythm of both food intake and neuroendocrine function. This hypothesis implies that reduction of SERT activity should increase postsynaptic serotonin transmission and relieve NES. This is precisely the effect of SSRIs. NES is a function of elevated SERT, and blocking of SERT with an SSRI resolves NES. This model of NES attests to the validity of the diagnosis of NES and the criteria by which it is identified, and it provides an explanation of the mechanism.
Automatic model generation for performance estimation of parallel programs

Abstract A hybrid method for performance modeling of parallel programs is considered where the runtime of large sequential segments is estimated statically and the parallel program structure is evaluated by simulation. The present paper describes a way to generate a model of a given program automatically from the source code where the user has to provide only values for a small number of variables. This model contains the control structure of the original program and timing information for generalized basic blocks. We consider Fortran programs which are parallelized using the message passing paradigm. A prototype of a tool for automatic model generation has been developed which is able to treat examples of moderate size.
A binding site for homeodomain and Pax proteins is necessary for L1 cell adhesion molecule gene expression by Pax-6 and bone morphogenetic proteins.

The cell adhesion molecule L1 regulates axonal guidance and fasciculation during development. We previously identified the regulatory region of the L1 gene and showed that it was sufficient for establishing the neural pattern of L1 expression in transgenic mice. In the present study, we characterize a DNA element within this region called the HPD that contains binding motifs for both homeodomain and Pax proteins and responds to signals from bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). An ATTA sequence within the core of the HPD was required for binding to the homeodomain protein Barx2 while a separate paired domain recognition motif was necessary for binding to Pax-6. In cellular transfection experiments, L1-luciferase reporter constructs containing the HPD were activated an average of 4-fold by Pax-6 in N2A cells and 5-fold by BMP-2 and BMP-4 in Ng108 cells. Both of these responses were eliminated on deletion of the HPD from L1 constructs. In transgenic mice, deletion of the HPD from an L1-lacZ reporter resulted in a loss of β-galactosidase expression in the telencephalon and mesencephalon. Collectively, our experiments indicate that the HPD regulates L1 expression in neural tissues via homeodomain and Pax proteins and is likely to be a target of BMP signaling during development.
Carcinogenic bioassay of oil shale: long-term percutaneous application in mice and intratracheal instillation in hamsters.

Abstract The carcinogenic potential was evaluated of selected oil shale samples: Shale oil coke, spent oil shale, raw oil shale, lift pipe effluent, and processed shale by skin painting in mice and intratracheal instillation in Syrian hamsters. Of the four samples tested in mice, only the benzene extract of shale oil coke exhibited a definite carcinogenic effect by inducing epidermal carcinomas and papillomas in 96% of the mice. There were six tumor-bearing animals in the spent oil shale extract-treated group and a single papilloma in the group treated with lift pipe effluent extract. The raw oil shale extract failed to induce any skin tumors. The tumor incidences resulting from treatment with oil shale samples indicated a possible association between the benzo(a)pyrene content in the samples and tumorigenicity. In this study, at the given dose levels, repeated intratracheal instillation of oil shale solids induced no toxic or carcinogenic effects in the respiratory tract of hamsters.
The year 2000: Looking back

In this article, the authors reflect on the development of the discipline of marketing. In the process, they point out the salient aspects of modern marketing and comment on the possible directions that it can take as it develops further. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Whole Milk Reverse Osmosis Retentates for Cheddar Cheese Manufacture: Chemical Changes During Aging

Abstract Cheddar cheese was made in a commercial plant from whole milk concentrated by reverse osmosis at 5, 10, 15 and 20% reduction of volume. Reverse osmosis Cheddar cheese was compared with commercial control cheese that was made from the same lot of milk and ingredient on the same day. Proteolysis, as measured by nitrogen soluble in acetate buffer (pH 4.6) and in 12% trichloroacetic acid, were similar for both control and reverse osmosis cheese during the first 3 mo of aging. After 6 mo of aging the reverse osmosis cheese at 15 and 20% reduction of volume had 10 to 15% less soluble nitrogen than control cheese Initial lots of reverse osmosis Cheddar cheese had significantly higher free fatty acids than control cheeses. After the pressure regulation device on the reverse osmosis unit was changed, milk concentrates and subsequent reverse osmosis cheese had normal free fatty acids. Lactose content of reverse osmosis cheese was slightly higher than control cheese. After 3 mo of aging, cheese from milk 20% volume reduced by reverse osmosis had significantly greater lactose content than commercial control cheeses. Good quality aged Cheddar cheese was made from whole milk reverse osmosis retentates.
Separation of phenol and deoxyribonucleic acid by sephadex gel filtration

Abstract Mixtures of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and aqueous phenol have been separated into their components, phenol and DNA, by Sephadex gel filtration. Recovery of DNA is quantitative. This procedure is suggested as an adjunct to the phenol extraction method for DNA isolation.
The butyrylcholinesterase gene is neither independently nor synergistically associated with late-onset AD in clinic- and community-based populations.

Abstract The K variant of the butyrylcholinesterase gene (BChE) was recently found to occur at an increased frequency in a late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) population, specifically in individuals carrying the ϵ 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. This suggested synergy between these two genes resulting in an increased risk of late-onset AD. We have genotyped 62 community-based and 329 clinic-based AD cases, and 201 community-based controls at BChE and APOE and find no independent association between BChE and AD nor interaction with APOE in risk for AD in either our clinic or community-based samples.
Nonlinear magnetic susceptibility and aging phenomena in a reentrant ferromagnet: Cu 0.2 Co 0.8 Cl 2 − FeCl 3 graphite bi-intercalation compound

Linear and nonlinear dynamic properties of a reentrant ferromagnet ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{FeCl}}_{3}$ graphite bi-intercalation compound are studied using ac and dc magnetic susceptibility. This compound undergoes successive phase transitions at the transition temperatures ${T}_{h}(=16\mathrm{K}),$ ${T}_{c}(=9.7\mathrm{K}),$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{RSG}}(=3.5\mathrm{K}).$ The static and dynamic behaviors of the reentrant spin-glass phase below ${T}_{\mathrm{RSG}}$ are characterized by those of normal spin-glass phase with critical exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ and a dynamic critical exponent $x=8.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8.$ In the ferromagnetic phase ${(T}_{\mathrm{RSG}}l~Tl~{T}_{c}),$ a prominent nonlinear magnetic susceptibility is observed. The relaxation of the absorption ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}(\ensuremath{\omega},t)$ with time t exhibits a weak power-law decay: ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}(\ensuremath{\omega},t)\ensuremath{\approx}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}{b}^{\ensuremath{''}}}$ where ${b}^{\ensuremath{''}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.07.$ These results suggest a chaotic nature of ferromagnetic phase.
Challenges to using ground based sense and avoid (GBSAA) for UAS operations

• What is Sense and Avoid (SAA) • What is Ground Based Sense and Avoid (GBSAA) — Intended Function — Where GBSAA may be useful — GBSAA Terminology • Display options and issues • Sensors and Data Sources • SAA Airworthiness • Safety Assessment for SAA systems/equipment • Discussion — Army GBSAA Concept at El Mirage CA — USMC GBSAA Concept at Cherry Point NC
A screening procedure for differentiating temporomandibular joint related headache.

Synopsis Headache and facial pain are common complaints of patients seeking medical advice. Recurrent headache and temporomandibular joint related muscle spasms are frequent sources of patient cranial pain. This study suggests a procedure for differentiating temporomandibular joint related head pain from other forms of head pain and a mode of treatment that may be effective for TMJ related head pain. The results of a two year investigation indicate both vascular and muscle tension headache may be improved by orthopedic repositioning of the mandible. Although the study was not able to demonstrate a clear-cut method for differentiating vascular from muscle tension head pain, differentiation from more serious organic pathology and/or underlying structural lesion may be effective. Forty-two consecutive patients that complained of hemicrania were given a soft flexible plastic mouthguard to wear while sleeping. Those patients that reported fewer or less severe headaches after one to two weeks (40 out of 42) were then given an orthopedic appliance to reposition the mandible forward and increase the vertical interocclusal dimension.
An automatic object-oriented parser generator for Ada

Although many parser generator tools (aka compiler compilers) are available, very few create a parse tree. Instead, the user must add actions to the grammar to create the parse tree. This is a tedious, mechanical task, which could easily be automated. We propose a simple scheme to map a grammar to an object-oriented hierarchy, and provide a tool, called AdaGOOP, that creates lexer and parser specifications complete with all of the actions necessary to create the parse tree.
Experience of double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a standard treatment in Guillain-Barre syndrome. TPE may require exogenous fluid for replacement of plasma and, depending on the equipment used, varying extracorporeal volumes. Potential adverse effects include allergic reaction, infection, and hypotension. From September 1993 to December 1997, we treated 16 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome by a newly developed method of automated double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). Patients (ten males and six females, age ranged from 16 to 73) suffering from acute ascending motor weakness and fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for GBS were chosen for DFPP. Each patient received at least five sessions of apheresis in 7 to 10 days and approximately 2.5 to 3.0 L of plasma was treated in each session. Patients were evaluated by disability grade according to a Hughes scale. The mean grade of disability was 3.62 at treatment and improved to 2.37 four weeks after the start of DFPP. The median time to grade 2 (walk without support) was 19 days. There were five patients (41.6%) in need of respirator support. The median time to weaning off the respirator was 9 days. Only two patients (12.5%) could not reach grade 2 at the end of 6 months. Our results were comparable to previously published results of TPE. We conclude that DFPP may be as effective as TPE in the treatment of GBS.
Rapid solidification of lightweight metal alloys

Abstract Rapid solidification (RS) of the light metals aluminium, magnesium, and titanium can lead to enhanced mechanical properties which can be rationalized in terms of the alloying behavior of these systems. The status of RS alloy exploration for the three lightweight metals is reviewed and suggestions made on possible future directions for alloy development.
Concentration, vertical flux, and remineralization of particulate uranium in seawater

Abstract Concentrations and fluxes of particulate U were measured throughout the water column at several locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans with in situ filtration systems and sediment traps. The results indicate that dissolved U is fixed to particles in surface seawater. Organic matter appears to be the carrier phase. Formation of particulate authigenic U below the surface waters could not be detected. Authigenic U is remineralized within the bathypelagic layers at the open ocean sites studied. In the Panama Basin, an upwelling area with high biological productivity, remineralization of authigenic U in the deep water column was not observed. The rate of remineralization of authigenic U in the deep sea is insufficient to produce a measurable concentration gradient between surface and deep waters within the mixing time of the oceans. Formation of authigenic U in the water column in areas such as the Panama Basin is not a significant sink for U on an ocean wide basis.
Is anterior leaflet repair always necessary in repair of bileaflet mitral valve prolapse

Abstract Background . Traditionally, bileaflet prolapse has been treated by posterior leaflet resection combined with one of a number of procedures designed to support the anterior leaflet. However, most patients with bileaflet prolapse do not have important anterior chordal pathology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy of posterior leaflet resection and annuloplasty alone for patients with bileaflet prolapse and no anterior chordal rupture or severe anterior chordal elongation. Methods . From 1993 to 1997, 93 patients with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated bileaflet prolapse and without anterior chordal rupture or important anterior chordal elongation had primary isolated mitral valve repair consisting only of posterior leaflet resection (quadrangular in 28 and sliding in 65) and annuloplasty (Cosgrove-Edwards in 83, pericardial in 9, and Carpentier-Edwards in 1). All patients had severe mitral regurgitation documented by intraoperative TEE. Mean age was 55 ± 13 years; 60% were men. Results . Postrepair, mitral regurgitation was 0 to trace in 93% and 1+ in 7%. There were no operative deaths. Late follow-up was available in all patients, with 277 patient-years of follow-up available for analysis. Five-year actuarial survival was 95%. At a mean interval of 2.3 ± 1.3 (SD) years, echocardiography demonstrated no or trace mitral regurgitation in 65%, 1+ in 28%, and 2+ in 7%. No correlates of late mitral regurgitation were identified by multivariable analysis. No patient has required reoperation. Conclusions . In the absence of significant anterior chordal pathology, a strategy of posterior leaflet resection and annuloplasty corrects anterior leaflet prolapse and mitral regurgitation, and provides a durable repair without the necessity of additional procedures on the anterior leaflet.
Casto Ring Zone: A 4,500-km2 fossil hydrothermal system in the Challis Volcanic Field, central Idaho

δ 18 O analyses of granitic and volcanic rocks reveal the largest hydrothermal system ever documented around a single granite pluton, occupying a 4,500-km 2 area in central Idaho. The remains of this meteoric-hydrothermal system are principally preserved within a sharply bounded, 15-km-wide, 70-km-diameter annulus of low δ 18 O rock (+2.0 to −8.8‰) termed the Casto Ring Zone. The zone centered on a less depleted (+4.5) core zone consisting of granitic rocks of the Casto pluton. This 700-km 2 Eocene subvolcanic batholith has intruded, domed, and hydrothermally metamorphosed a thick sequence of Challis Volcanics, the stratigraphically low rocks in the 2,000-km 2 Van Horn Peak and the 1,000-km 2 Thunder Mountain cauldron complexes being most strongly altered. Less extreme 18 O depletions occur in the youngest major ash-flow sheets of these complexes, indicating a vertical 18 O gradient. Water/rock ratios of geothermal systems are surprisingly insensitive to the circulation scale.
Influence of Differential Angling Mortality and Stream Gradient on Fish Abundance in a Trout-Sculpin Biotope

Abstract The lowest 2.4 miles of a small, unfished tributary of the St. Joe River was treated with rotenone in July 1964. Four species of fish, Salmo clarki (369 fish), Salvelinus fontinalis (2,361 fish), Cottus confusus (3,513 fish) and Cottus rhotheus (161 fish), formed the total population. The relative and absolute numbers and weights of S. clarki increased upstream whereas those of S. fontinalis increased downstream. In contrast, C. confusus was about evenly distributed and C. rhotheus was present in just the downstream 0.3 mile. With few irregularities, the mean lengths of the three most abundant species increased in an upstream direction. The total biomass of fish was 50 lb per acre of which 83% were trout and 17% were sculpins. S. clarki and S. fontinalis, 6 inches or longer, accounted for 75% and 55% of their species weight, respectively. In this length class, a 32 man-hour fishing effort prior to rotenone treatment resulted in the capture of 50% of the cutthroat and 25% of the brook trout.
The influence of nursing in head and neck cancer management.

Purpose of review Nurses can play an essential role in the treatment of head and neck cancer and the care of patients and their families. The role and influence of nursing is dependent on available evidence to fulfill that role and on the sociopolitical and organizational factors that shape the context for nursing and interdisciplinary practice. Recent findings Nurses influence treatment for head and neck cancer through symptom management and tobacco cessation to improve quality of life and patient-reported outcomes. Nurses and interdisciplinary teams in the United States and Europe report successful, novel nurse-led care models that optimize influence on management. Summary Current research suggests that nurses can influence head and neck cancer treatment through emphasis on symptom management, tobacco and alcohol cessation, and on patient and family education and care coordination. Nonetheless, evidence for practice remains scant. Only continued research, employing qualitative and quantitative approaches, conducted by nurse and interdisciplinary investigator teams will advance head and neck cancer management and optimize influence of nursing within it. Novel models for nursing care that are well fit into the organizations and society in which care is delivered may further improve care and patient outcomes. Evaluation of such models is further required to document improvements.
A polymer-supported C2-symmetric chiral auxiliary: Preparation of non-racemic 3,5-disubstituted-γ-butyrolactones

A polymer-bound “C2-symmetric” pyrrolidine-based auxiliary is reported and shown to serve an effective control element for a three-step process consisting of N-acylation, Cα-alkylation, and subsequent iodolactonization to deliver optically active 3,5-disubstituted-γ-butyrolactone.
Mixed jacobi-like forms

We introduce mixed Jacobi-like forms associated to a holomorphic map w:H → Hthe Poincare upper half plane that is equivanant with respect to a homomorphism of a Fuchsian group and discuss their relation with mixed automorphic forms.
Complications and failures of open and arthroscopic acromioplasties

Abstract Controversy exists over the optimal method of surgical treatment for chronic impingement refractory to conservative treatment. Success comparable with the “gold standard” open anterior acromioplasty has been reported using arthroscopic techniques, but failures and complications have been reported with both modes of operative intervention. Overall, the percentage of satisfactory results differs only slightly by approach, and the causes of failure can be divided into three categories: (1) diagnostic failures, (2) treatment failures, and (3) complications. The keys to obtaining a successful result are making the correct diagnosis and performing a technically sound procedure while avoiding complications. This issue is of importance, because operative treatment of patients with failed acromioplasties offers inferior results to primary acromioplasty.
Influence of biomass burning during recent fluctuations in the slow growth of global tropospheric methane

[1] During the past 15 years the annual growth rate of tropospheric methane (CH4) has shown striking changes over 2–3 year periods, varying from +1% yr−1 to slightly negative values (−0.2% yr−1). These fluctuations are superimposed on an overall slowdown of the CH4 growth rate since the 1980s. Here we use our complementary measurement of other compounds (ethane, tetrachloroethene) to confirm the influence of biomass burning on large global CH4 pulses in 1998 and 2002–2003. Methane growth rate fluctuations also track ENSO indices, most likely via the influence of ENSO activity on large-scale biomass burning. We also report the seventh year of near-zero growth of global CH4 levels (Dec. 1998–Dec. 2005). The global CH4 mixing ratio was 1772 ± 1 ppbv in 2005, and CH4 increases of 118–376 ppbv between 2000–2020 (ten scenarios in the 2001 IPCC report, to levels around 1900+ ppbv by 2020, now appear quite unlikely.
Fueling the Fires of Genius: Women's Inventive Activities in American War Eras

"Fueling the Fires of Genius" uses the history of women inventors to link the world of business, invention, and technological change to the history of American culture and society. It relies on patent data, case studies, and a plethora of historical evidence to identify and account for the patterns of women's inventive activities during the Civil War, World War I, and World War II.1 Business historians, economists, and historians of technology have associ ated wars with profound bursts of invention, innovation, and technological change. Women's historians and social historians have interpreted wars with greater ambiguity. Some have stressed their liberating effects on women's eco nomic experiences, while others have emphasized the various social con straints associated with domestic turmoil and postwar reconversion. This study suggests that with the notable exception of women inventors in the Civil War era, American wars were detrimental to short-term patenting rates and to most forms of non-military invention for both men and women. Most patented inventions grew increasingly complex and technically sophisticated over time, but the total number of newly-issued patents decreased during wartime.2
The Overestimation Phenomenon in a Skill-Based Gaming Context: The Case of March Madness Pools

Over 100 million people are estimated to take part in the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament Championship bracket contests. However, relatively little is known about consumer behavior in skill-based gaming situations (e.g., sports betting). In two studies, we investigated the overestimation phenomenon in the “March Madness” context. In Study 1 (N = 81), we found that individuals who were allowed to make their own predictions were significantly more optimistic about their performance than individuals who did not make their own selections. In Study 2 (N = 197), all subjects participated in a mock competitive bracket pool. In line with the illusion of control theory, results showed that higher self-ratings of probability of winning significantly increased maximum willingness to wager but did not improve actual performance. Lastly, perceptions of high probability of winning significantly contributed to consumers’ enjoyment and willingness to participate in a bracket pool in the future.
Arciform Blistering in an Elderly Woman

REPORT OF A CASE A 60-year-old woman with a three-month history of a mildly pruritic vesiculobullous eruption involving the extensor surfaces of the extremities, abdomen, and sacral region was referred to the Department of Dermatology at University Hospitals, University of Iowa, Iowa City. A diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid had been made by the referring physician on the basis of the initial clinical presentation and histologic findings of a subepidermal split in a lesional skin biopsy specimen. Direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin had been performed and showed weak, focal C3 and strong continuous fibrinogen at the basement membrane. Initially, the patient showed a good response to 50 mg of prednisone orally once daily. Azathioprine (Imuran) therapy in a dosage of 50 mg twice daily orally was started four weeks before we saw her; after azathioprine therapy was started, the dosage of prednisone was gradually decreased. She did well until the daily
Injury Control and Product Liability

of these product-related injuries is not obscure, nor are preventive methods lacking, but often they are not implemented. We know, for instance, that tap-water scalds in bathtubs and showers could be eliminated by limiting the maximum temperature achievable by hot-water heaters or requiring the installation of antiscald devices (2). Similarly, air bags in cars would drastically reduce the incidence ofinjury and death resulting from crashes (3), but air bags are still not available in automobiles. A poorly designed product is often the "vector" for injurious forces. In disease epidemiology, efforts are made to control the interaction between vectors (mosquitoes, for example) and man; in product-related injuries, the "vectors" are created and skillfully marketed by man. Unlike most vectors of infectious diseases, product vectors are an integral part of the stream of commerce, affecting the vested financial interests of their manufacturers and retailers. Two basic approaches commonly used with disease vectors are to eliminate the vectors or to prevent their contact with man. With product vectors, elimination of the product or preventing human contact is often impractical, but modification of the product can reduce its potential for transmitting injurious forces to man. Therefore, a vital public health concern is how to provide manufacturers with incentives for designing products that will not injure people. In examining what motivates a manufacturer in the design of a product, it is clear that the marketability of the product and the cost of its production are of primary concern, because these factors will to a large extent
Principles of dentofacial orthopedics

The differences in the response of patients to the same orthodontic treatment are, to a great extent, the result of variability in the direction and rate of craniofacial growth. Furthermore, there is currently little scientific evidence that the temporary improvement of skeletal relationships from orthopedic appliances will alter the craniofacial skeleton on a permanent basis. However, contemporary literature is beginning to show that certain appliances may be more effective than others at a specific point in the growth process. Timing of treatment in a patient is becoming of increased clinical importance. A review of the anatomy of palatal expansion indicates that expansion is much greater in the anterior portion of the palate, in both horizontal and vertical planes. Assessment of skeletal maturity for treatment timing and growth prediction is most commonly performed with the hand/wrist radiograph. A new method is presented which uses epiphyseal and diaphyseal widths and fusion of selected phalanges to determine the relative position of the individual on the pubertal growth curve. Skeletal maturity assessment is a traditional attempt to judge physiological development. The future of craniofacial growth assessment lies in the development of physiological measurements which are both replicable and valid and clinically feasible. The data from these studies provides information to allow better quantitative diagnosis and treatment as well as objective assessment of the treatment outcome.
Computer simulation: the third symbol system

The role of computer simulation for theory construction in social psychology needs to be better understood. It should be viewed as a medium through which theoretical propositions can be articulated and predictions can be generated. It is one of several symbol systems available to theorists for expressing theoretical ideas. The first symbol system acquired by students in social psychology is natural language and the second is mathematics. Computer simulation offers a third symbol system. Theorists express their ideas in a program, and a computer is used to facilitate the generation of predictions from the theory-as-program. Five complexities inherent in social behavior have resisted theoretical understanding using the first two symbol systems. They are multiple manifestations of a single latent variable, qualitative cognitive and social structures, models of the linkage between latent variables and their overt expression, the interface between multiple latent variables, and time. The third symbol system, computer simulation, offers a substantial advantage to social psychologists attempting to develop formal theories of complex and interdependent social phenomena.
Elisa and Western Blot Studies with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) in Experimental Duodenal Ulceration and Healing

Time-dependent changes of duodenal and gastric mucosal levels of bFGF and PDGF were examined in rats after oral administration of the duodenal ulcerogen cysteamine-HC1. The animals were killed at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 7 days or 14 days after the first dose of cysteamine and the duodenal ulcers were evaluated. The gastric and duodenal mucosa was scraped and homogenized for Western blot and ELISA studies. The ulcer formation was macroscopically detectable at 12 h while the largest ulcers were seen at 48 h. In parallel, the duodenal mucosal concentration of bFGF increased at 12 and 24 h and reached its maximum at 48 h, while the PDGF concentration was slightly elevated at 12 and 48 h, and a more than 3-fold peak was seen at 24 h. The gastric mucosal level of bFGF and PDGF did not change during the development and healing of duodenal ulcers.
Using the color image quantization problem as a course-long project in CS2

A typical CS2 course introduces the concepts of ADTs and data structures along with an introduction to algorithm analysis. A main objective of the course is the expectation that students will gain an appreciation of the impact the choice of data structure has on the implementation of an algorithm. Real-world applications can help students gain this appreciation as they tend to motivate students more than generic applications. This paper presents the application of color digital image quantization and describes its use as a course-long project in CS2. This application offers many opportunities for applying the various algorithms and data structures presented in the course. It also offers students an excellent example in which to perform empirical analysis where different data structures are compared for use in a single problem. Sample assignments are also presented to illustrate the many uses of the quantization problem in CS2.
Aptitude by Treatment Interactions and Matthew Effects in Graduate-Level Cooperative-Learning Groups

Abstract The authors investigated the role of group composition on cooperative-learning groups. Participants were 275 graduate students enrolled in 15 sections of an introductory-level education research course who, through a modified stratified random assignment procedure, formed 70 groups ranging in size from 2 to 7. Using group as the unit of analysis revealed a small-to-moderate positive relationship between research aptitude (i.e., mean midterm and final examination scores) and group outcomes (i.e., scores on the article critiques and proposals)—the relationships involving the midterm scores suggested a Matthew effect, with respect to group outcomes. The authors found a positive relationship between degree of group heterogeneity (i.e, variability of the individual midterm scores) and scores on the article critique. A quadratic trend defined the relationship found between group size and performance on the article critique. Finally, a Treatment (i.e., group heterogeneity level) x Aptitude (i.e., mean m...