cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human herpesvirus-6-associated malignant lymphoma in a bone marrow transplant recipient

Abstract Background: Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), the sixth member of the herpesvirus family, can infect and replicate in human hematopoetic cell lines and can cause various illnesses in humans. HHV-6 has been suggested to be linked to various lymhoproliferative disorders. In vitro studies have demonstrated the oncogenic potential of HHV-6. The role of HHV-6 in human lymphomas needs to be examined. Objective: To determine the involvement of HHV-6 in an immunoblastic lymphoma which developed in a bone marrow transplant patient, who had HHV-6 viremia. Study design: Paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues were examined for the presence of HHV-6 by immunohistochemistry, PCR and in-situ hybridization. This is a case report investigation. Results: An acute myelogenous leukemia patient received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. He developed human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) viremia approximately 6 weeks after transplantation and HHV-6 was concurrently isolated from his bone marrow. Soon afterward, a large cell immunoblastic lymphoma was diagnosed. Complications of this tumor subsequently resulted in the patient's death. Periaortic lymph nodes and tumor cells infiltrating the liver and kidneys showed the presence of HHV-6 by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Southern blot analysis of the PCR amplified DNAs confirmed the presence of transforming pZVH14 DNA sequences of HHV-6 in the tumor tissues. Lymph nodes of 6 immunologically intact individuals were negative for HHV-6 by immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis. Tumor tissues were negative for EBV DNA by in situ hybridization with DNA probes specific for the EBV EBER RNAs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that HHV-6 may be involved in the pathogenesis of some immunoblastic lymphomas.
A quadratic photoelectromagnetic effect in germanium

Abstract The quadratic photoelectromagnetic (P.E.M.) effect observed by Kikoin and Noskov in cuprite has been observed in germanium and silicon. The effect occurs when the magnetic field B is rotated an angle φ about an axis lying in the illuminated face and perpendicular to the primitive direction of B. The linear effect is produced by the component Bcos φ of B, while the quadratic effect is produced by the action of Bsin φ on the electric current generated by Bcos φ. From this elementary argument the quadratic P.E.M. effect should be proportional to B2 sin φ cos φ. A part of the effect is produced by the action of a magnetic field on a current produced by the action of a magnetic field on the diffusion current of the injected carriers. Calculating this term, one finds the same type of average of the collision time as appears in the magnetoresistance coefficients. Consequently, the effect becomes anisotropic and, instead of being proportional to B2 sin 2φ, is proportional to B2[sin(2φ + Δ) + g], where A and g are functions of the constants of the semiconductor and the orientation of the sample. For certain simple orientations (such as the crystallographic axes) Δ = 0 and g = 0. The ratio of the quadratic to the linear P.E.M. fields is, for small light intensities, a function only of the Hall angles, the magnetoresistance coefficients of electrons and holes, the impurity concentration, and the magnetic field. Agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory.
Redundant signed binary addition based digital-to-frequency converter

An accumulator-based digital-to-frequency (DFC) converter employing redundant signed binary addition (RSBA) is presented. RSBA is advantageous in that no carry propagation occurs resulting in constant delay regardless of operand word size. Utilising RSBA in the proposed DFC resolves the performance bottleneck in the DFC's conventional implementation and achieves extremely high frequency resolution. In addition, a new RSBA-based 8∶1 multiplexer is introduced for a complete RSBA implementation of the DFC. Experimental results show an increase of more than 3.5 times in the speed of the accumulator compared to the conventional implementation regardless of bit size of the adder.
Expression of retinol‐binding protein and cellular retinol‐binding protein in the bovine ovary

Retinol (vitamin A) is essential for reproduction, and retinoids have been suggested to play a role in ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and early embryonic development. Retinol is transported systemically and intercellularly by retinol-binding protein (RBP). Within the cell, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) functions in retinol accumulation and metabolism. Since the actions of retinoids are mediated, in part, by retinoid-binding proteins, the objective of this study was to investigate cell-specific expression of RBP and CRBP in the bovine ovary. Immunocytochemical analysis (ICC) localized RBP to the thecal and granulosa cell layers of antral and preantral follicles with the most intense staining in the cells of large, healthy follicles. The tunica adventitia of arterial blood vessels also exhibited RBP staining. Immunostaining of CRBP was most intense in the granulosa cells of preantral follicles and present, but diminished, in thecal and granulosa cells of antral follicles. Within the corpus luteum, both proteins were observed in large luteal cells, but only RBP was observed in small luteal cells. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that thecal and granulosa cells from antral follicles and luteal tissue expressed RBP and CRBP mRNA. Synthesis and secretion of RBP by thecal cells, granulosa cells, and luteal cells were demonstrated by immune-complex precipitation of radiolabeled RBP from the medium of cultured cells or explants, followed by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. Follicular fluid was collected from small (<5 mm) and large (8-14 mm) follicles, pooled according to follicular size, and analyzed for retinol, RBP, estradiol-17beta, and progesterone. Concentrations of retinol, RBP, and estradiol were greater in the fluid of large follicles. Results demonstrate retinoid-binding protein expression by bovine ovaries and provide physical evidence that supports the concept that retinoids play a role in ovarian function.
Effects of low salinities on Flavobacterium columnare infection of euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fish

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), and Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, were acclimatized to fresh water or salinities of 9.0& or less and then exposed to Flavobacterium columnare (formerly known as Flexibacter columnaris), the bacterial pathogen that causes columnaris disease. None of the fish acclimatized to 3.0 or 9.0& salinity died, and all deaths in lower salinities occurred between 1 and 5 days after exposure to F. columnare. Mortality was 97.7% in fresh water and 67.1% in 1.0& salinity for channel catfish (model SE, 1.8) and 66.5% in fresh water and 40.8% in 1.0& salinity for goldfish (model SE, 1.2); and 96.9% in fresh water and 61.7% in 1.0& salinity for striped bass (model SE, 1.8). After exposure to F. columnare, none of the Gulf sturgeon died. Flavobacterium columnare was isolated from the skin and gills of all fish dying during the experiments, but was not isolated from survivors in fresh water and 1.0& salinity 21 days after bacterial exposure. In vitro growth of bacteria was significantly higher in 1.0 or 3.0& salinity than in control medium (0.3& salinity). However, in vitro adhesion of bacteria was reduced with increasing salinity, which could explain the lower mortality of fish at higher salinities.
Wearable sensing for liquid intake monitoring via apnea detection in breathing signals

Purpose Appropriate amount of liquid intake is crucial for maintaining human physiological operations. Traditionally, researchers have used self-reported questionnaires for estimating daily liquid intake, which has been proven to be unreliable. In this study, we developed an instrumented system for liquid intake monitoring to reduce estimation subjectivity by complementing self-reporting information with instrumented data.
Does academic advancement impact teaching performance of surgical faculty

Abstract Background An important reason for young surgeons entering academic practice is to educate trainees. As clinical and administrative responsibility increases, teaching time is decreased. We attempted to determine if the teaching performance of surgeons declines with career advancement. Methods Between July 1998 and June 2002, all faculty at our institution were evaluated by medical students on the surgical clerkship. Surgeons were scored on clinical teaching (CLINIC), operating room teaching (OR), and overall teaching (ALL) with the use of a 4-point scale. Surgeons were grouped by years in practice; group scores were compared with ANOVA. Results A total of 6345 evaluations were completed on 74 academic surgeons. Junior surgeons (≤5 years) performed better in operating room teaching (P Conclusions Junior faculty surgeons were perceived to be more effective teachers when compared to senior faculty. With career advancement, faculty may devote less energy to teaching and become less effective. Therefore, continued emphasis should be placed on strengthening education skills throughout the surgical career.
Conditional modulation of glucocorticoid receptor activities by CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300

Coactivators of nuclear receptors are integral components of the signal transduction pathways of steroid hormones. Here, we show that one of the major coactivators of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), CREB-binding protein (CBP), can also function conditionally as a negative regulator of its activities. Indeed, CBP suppressed the responsiveness of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter to dexamethasone in a dose-dependent fashion in HeLa and A204 cells. Similarly, this protein suppressed the responsiveness of several glucocorticoid-responsive element (GRE)-containing synthetic promoters. Using deletion mutants of CBP, we localized the repressor effect of this protein to its N-terminal domain and showed that it was independent of the histone acetyltransferase and coactivator-binding domains but dependent upon its GR-binding domain. We also demonstrated functional differentiation between CBP and other coactivators, including SRC-1 and the CBP-related protein p300, both of which influenced GR signaling in a positive fashion. In fact, p300 completely antagonized the suppressive effects of CBP in a dose-dependent fashion, probably by competing with this protein at the level of the transcription complex. These findings suggest that CBP and p300 may function additively or antagonistically to each other depending on their relative concentrations and type of target tissue, to influence the sensitivity of tissues to glucocorticoids.
In situ tensile deformation characterization of human hair with atomic force microscopy

Human hair fibers experience tensile forces as they are groomed and styled. Hence the behavior of hair under tension is of interest to beauty care science. Previous studies have used optical/scanning electron microscopy to characterize hair tensile response. For the first time, in situ tensile loading experiments on hair with atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been performed. A custom-built AFM sample stage allows loading hair fibers in tension. A technique to locate and image the same control area at different strains is developed. This is used to study morphology changes that occur with deformation. Caucasian virgin, chemically damaged and mechanically damaged hair samples are studied to assess the effects of damaging treatments and the differences between chemical and mechanical damage. Virgin and damaged samples treated with commercial conditioner are also studied to ascertain the effect of conditioner on the tensile response. Mechanisms for the observed results are discussed.
On the theory of the spatial organization of macromolecules in connective tissue

The radial distribution function characterizing the spatial organization of the long fibrils of connective tissue is obtained by mathematical analysis of molecular models. The models are based on the assumption that polymeric chains form bridges between the fibrils, thereby providing the long range interactions responsible for the quasi-ordered spatial disposition of the fibrils. The theory is applied to rabbit cornea for which an empirical radial distribution has been obtained previously by analysis of electron micrographs. General agreement is found between theory and experiment for parameter values that are thought to be representative of stroma. The analysis constitutes a step toward the development of the physical basis of the ultrastructure of connective tissue and the way in which that structure affects physiological behavior.
Wind-Forced Cross-Shelf Circulation on the Northern California Shelf*

Velocity time series are used to study cross-shelf circulation on the northern California shelf and to examine classical ideas of locally wind-forced cross-shelf circulation. A simple linear two-dimensional model of crossshelf transport is compared to estimates of cross-shelf transport in the near surface, interior, and near bottom. In winter, when wind forcing is brief and episodic, model transports are highly correlated to the total surface flow and show some skill in predicting subsurface cross-shelf flow. The same model does not work well below the surface in summer when persistent upwelling is observed. This suggests a two-dimensional wind-forced model of cross-shelf circulation may have more applicability to the brief wind events observed in winter than to the persistent wind events observed in summer. The reason for this is unclear. Numerous factors not included in the simple linear wind-forced model such as mesoscale features, upwelling fronts, the interaction of flow with topography, baroclinic pressure gradients, remote forcing, and small-scale wind stress all affect cross-shelf circulation. It is possible some of these are more pronounced on the northern California shelf in summer.
Identifying Inefficient Single-Family Homes With Utility Bill Analysis

Differentiating between energy-efficient and inefficient single-family homes on a community scale helps identify and prioritize candidates for energy-efficiency upgrades. Prescreening diagnostic procedures can further retrofit efforts by providing efficiency information before a site-visit is conducted. We applied the prescreening diagnostic is applied to a simulated community of homes in Boulder, Colorado and analyzed energy consumption data to identify energy-inefficient homes. A home is defined as efficient if it is compliant with the prescriptive measures of the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC-2009) for Boulder, Colorado. Previous research indicates a correlation between building operational efficiency and the Heating Slope (HS) regression parameter resulting from the variable-base degree day method. We compared the HS values across a community of houses and those of an IECC-2009-compliant home to identify energy-inefficient homes on a community-scale. To simulate community-wide HS identification, we used DOE-2 energy simulation software for defined home archetypes and corresponding occupant behavior to artificially generate 567 sets of monthly natural gas consumption data Home archetypes were either compliant or incompliant at three conditioned areas; occupant effects were also simulated. Each simulation produced twelve months of natural gas use data. We used monthly energy consumption datasets to estimate the HS values with regression analysis and sorted the homes based on HS values.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Aspects of random-lay multiconductor cable propagation which are not statistical

Many practical multiconductor transmission lines can be considered as random-lay cables in which the wires assume various positions in the transmission-line cross section. This paper considers some of the properties of propagation on such structures. In particular some aspects of such propagation are deterministic in nature. Such conclusions are based on low- and high-frequency considerations, and symmetry. Furthermore, reciprocity and energy conservation place restrictions on the allowable statistical distributions.
Yeast polypeptide fusion surface display levels predict thermal stability and soluble secretion efficiency.

Efficiency of yeast cell surface display can serve as a proxy screening variable for enhanced thermal stability and soluble secretion efficiency of mutant proteins. Several single-chain T cell receptor (scTCR) single-site mutants that enable yeast surface display, along with their double and triple mutant combinations, were analyzed for soluble secretion from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While secretion of the wild-type scTCR was not detected, each of the single, double, and triple mutants were produced in yeast supernatants, with increased expression resulting from the double and triple mutants. Soluble secretion levels were strongly correlated with the quantity of active scTCR displayed as a fusion to Aga2p on the surface of yeast. Thermal stability of the scTCR mutants correlated directly with the secreted and surface levels of scTCR, with evidence suggesting that intracellular proteolysis by the endoplasmic reticulum quality control apparatus dictates display efficiency. Thus, yeast display is a directed evolution scaffold that can be used for the identification of mutant eucaryotic proteins with significantly enhanced stability and secretion properties.
Model-based standardization to adjust for unmeasured cluster-level confounders with complex survey data.

Model-based standardization uses a statistical model to estimate a standardized, or unconfounded, population-averaged effect. With it, one can compare groups had the distribution of confounders been identical in both groups to that of the standard population. We develop two methods for model-based standardization with complex survey data that accommodate a categorical confounder that clusters the individual observations into a very large number of subgroups. The first method combines a random-intercept generalized linear mixed model with a conditional pseudo-likelihood estimator of the fixed effects. The second method combines a between–within generalized linear mixed model with census data on the cluster-level means of the individual-level covariates. We conduct simulation studies to compare the two approaches. We apply the two methods to the 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data to estimate standardized proportions of people who drink alcohol, within age groups, adjusting for measured individual-level and unmeasured cluster-level confounders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality assurance for a general education course at the University of California, Davis

This paper discusses how a Mediaworks (Educational technology arm of UC Davis), online course was checked for quality assurance focusing on interface design, features, functionalities, and performance. The features section focused on media allocation, course evaluation and course presentation while the functionality section covered the overall performance of the course design when viewed online. A brief discussion of course development procedure at Mediaworks touched on conceptual, design and development briefly discussing how tasks were assigned to each member of the team. After discussion at the course development stage, the QA procedure for Anthropology 15 is described. A section on how these requests were finally implemented in the course before final production followed. Lessons learned and thoughts to ponder conclude the paper.
Dilemmas of counter-mapping community resources in Tanzania

Recent work has celebrated the political potential of ‘counter-mapping’, that is, mapping against dominant power structures, to further seemingly progressive goals. This article briefly reviews the counter-mapping literature, and compares four counter-mapping projects from Maasai areas in Tanzania to explore some potential pitfalls in such efforts. The cases, which involve community-based initiatives led by a church-based NGO, ecotourism companies, the Tanzanian National Parks Authority, and grassroots pastoralist rights advocacy groups, illustrate the broad range of activities grouped under the heading of counter-mapping. They also present a series of political dilemmas that are typical of many counter-mapping efforts: conflicts inherent in conservation efforts involving territorialization, privatization, integration and indigenization; problems associated with the theory and practice of ‘community-level’ political engagement; the need to combine mapping efforts with broader legal and political strategies; and critical questions involving the agency of ‘external’ actors such as conservation and development donors, the state and private business interests.
HYPERTENSION IN A SIX-YEAR-OLD CHILD BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER ANAESTHESIA

SUMMARY A six-year-old healthy normotensive child with fractures of the forearm had two unsuccessful attempts at reduction following sedation with pethidine-promethazine-chlorpromazine. Seven hours later, on arrival in the operating room, he was hypertensive and tachycardic. He was anaesthetized widi thiopentone, nitrous oxide and oxygen despite the absence of a urinanalysis. Blood pressure and pulse rate remained increased during anaesthesia and for 1 hour postoperatively but reverted to normal levels after the child urinated an amount twice to three times greater than the usual capacity of his bladder. Circulatory effects of distension of the urinary bladder have been demonstrated in animals and normal man and have been observed in anaesthetized patients.
Renal Tubular Dysgenesis: A Description of Early Renal Maldevelopment in Siblings.

A family is described in which three siblings, born after pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios, developed renal abnormalities. In the first infant, of 38 weeks gestation, histologic changes were nearly identical to those found in renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), a recently identified disorder characterized by the absence of recognizable renal proximal tubules. Additional findings include bilateral renal vein thrombosis and marked calvarial bone hypoplasia. The other two gestations were 20 and 22 weeks long. Renal histology in these cases showed nonspecific abnormalities with focal tubular dilatation, decreased tubule formation, and increased interstitial connective tissue. Clearly recognizable proximal tubules were present, though decreased in number. The latter two gestations described herein are the earliest examined in a family with RTD and the renal abnormalities may represent early changes seen in this disorder.
Design of the modern inquiring system

This is a further installment of a series of articles which attempts to trace the development of the modern inquiring system. It follows an idea of C. West Churchman [2], and is a sequel to several previous installments of this series [11,12, 14]. In this case, the survey refers neither to an ancient nor to a contemporary philosopher, but to a poet and novelist, who started to write at the turn of the century. The concept of ‘modern inquiring system’, defined by van Gigch in [14] as ‘a system dedicated to the acquisition and production of knowledge and to the solution of contemporary systems problems’ will have to be expanded in the present instance to apply not only to ‘knowledge’, but rather to ‘wisdom’, to ‘consciousness’, to ‘spiritual force’, to systemic ‘feeling’ in addition to ‘thinking’. See also [13].
Differentiation of oxidized low density lipoproteins by nanosensors

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is considered a biomarker for acute heart attack in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). LDL cholesterol in the circulatory system can undergo oxidative modification to oxidized LDL (oxLDL), leading to the development of CAD. We tested whether indium oxide (In2O3) nanowires network- and carbon nanotube network-based field effect transistors (FETs) were able to differentiate the LDL cholesterol between the reduced (native LDL) and the oxidized state (oxLDL). LDL samples isolated from human plasma were exposed to In2O3 FETs, and conductivities and gating characteristics were obtained as current versus drain-source voltage (ID–VDS), and current versus gate-source voltage (ID–VGS). A higher conductivity was observed in the LDL sample containing 15.1% oxLDL relative to the sample containing 4.4% oxLDL. The results were validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, carbon nanotube network-based FETs conjugated with anti-copper oxLDL antibody were exposed to the LDL samples. Distinct conductivities between nLDL and oxLDL were also observed from the ID versus time domain curve in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), demonstrating nano-scale sensors as potential lab-on-a-chip devices for detection of oxLDL cholesterol. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Congenital and Prolonged Adult-Onset Deafness Cause Distinct Degradations in Neural ITD Coding with Bilateral Cochlear Implants

Bilateral cochlear implant (CI) users perform poorly on tasks involving interaural time differences (ITD), which are critical for sound localization and speech reception in noise by normal-hearing listeners. ITD perception with bilateral CI is influenced by age at onset of deafness and duration of deafness. We previously showed that ITD coding in the auditory midbrain is degraded in congenitally deaf white cats (DWC) compared to acutely deafened cats (ADC) with normal auditory development (Hancock et al., J. Neurosci, 30:14068). To determine the relative importance of early onset of deafness and prolonged duration of deafness for abnormal ITD coding in DWC, we recorded from single units in the inferior colliculus of cats deafened as adults 6 months prior to experimentation (long-term deafened cats, LTDC) and compared neural ITD coding between the three deafness models. The incidence of ITD-sensitive neurons was similar in both groups with normal auditory development (LTDC and ADC), but significantly diminished in DWC. In contrast, both groups that experienced prolonged deafness (LTDC and DWC) had broad distributions of best ITDs around the midline, unlike the more focused distributions biased toward contralateral-leading ITDs present in both ADC and normal-hearing animals. The lack of contralateral bias in LTDC and DWC results in reduced sensitivity to changes in ITD within the natural range. The finding that early onset of deafness more severely degrades neural ITD coding than prolonged duration of deafness argues for the importance of fitting deaf children with sound processors that provide reliable ITD cues at an early age.
Bile acid elevation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with cardio-protective effect in Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats.

Abstract Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may improve cardiometabolic risk through alteration of bile acids and L-PGDS levels. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of RYGB on aortic wall thickness, in relation to bile acid and L-PGDS metabolism. Methods Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were divided into two groups, ad lib (n = 4), and RYGB (n = 6). Bile acid and L-PGDS were measured presurgery and fourteen weeks post-surgery. Results Elevation of bile acid levels following RYGB in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rodents was observed, as compared to ad lib . RYGB in ZDF rodents led to a significantly decreased aortic wall thickness (25%) as compared to ad lib control. Although bile acid metabolism is implicated in these alterations, other mediators are likely involved. Our laboratory has demonstrated lipocalin prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) is a kno n cardiometabolic modulator that also functions as a bile acid binding protein. Therefore, L-PGDS levels were measured and a significant elevation was observed with RYGB compared to ad lib control. Conclusion Based on these findings, RYGB showed beneficial effect on aortic wall thickness, possibly through bile acids and L-PGDS elevation in a severely obese and diabetic rodent model.
Elimination of the feed-through effect in vortex flow transistors

The capacitive feed-through effect in a VFT (vortex flow transistor) has been identified as a major limiting factor for high-frequency distributed amplifier applications. Two techniques to eliminate this effect are proposed and discussed. They are the use of a balanced controlled VFT and the use of a modified super current injection transistor. The balanced controlled configuration consists of a pair of Josephson junctions driven by control lines excited by push-pull. The simulations show more than 100-dB improvement in S12 over a single-ended device up to 175 GHz. The modified superconducting current injection transistor is a current controlled current source allowing the output line to be fed against ground. Hence, capacitive feed-through effects are greatly reduced. Device layouts and fabrication techniques are discussed.
Alternative Pathways to Violence in Persons with Schizophrenia: The Role of Childhood Antisocial Behavior Problems

Violence in schizophrenia patients may result from many factors besides the symptoms of schizophrenia. This study examined the relationship between childhood antisocial behavior and adult violence using data from the NIMH CATIE study. The prevalence of violence was higher among patients with a history of childhood conduct problems than among those without this history (28.2% vs. 14.6%; P < 0.001). In the conduct-problems group, violence was associated with current substance use at levels below diagnostic criteria. Positive psychotic symptoms were linked to violence only in the group without conduct problems. Findings suggest that violence among adults with schizophrenia may follow at least two distinct pathways-one associated with premorbid conditions, including antisocial conduct, and another associated with the acute psychopathology of schizophrenia.
Determinants of middle school sport participation: a comparison of different models for school sport delivery

Different models of school sport delivery, such as intramurals (IM), may attract students who are less skilled or less interested in traditional varsity sports (VS). The purpose of this study was to examine whether school sport delivery models (IM or VS) differentially influence middle school students’ motivations to participate in school sports. Using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a conceptual framework, participants in school sponsored sport programs (n = 2,021) from four middle schools (2 IM; 2 VS) completed a school sport participation questionnaire at the beginning and end of a school year. Results suggest that intentions to participate in sport either increase or are maintained through participation in school sports, and the intentions of non-participants decrease over time. A singular model of school sport that only includes highly competitive varsity sports may limit opportunities for children to play sport and diminish their intentions for enduring sport participation.
Recovery dynamics and fast (sub-50ns) read operation with Access Devices for 3D crosspoint memory based on mixed-ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC)

BEOL-friendly Access Devices (AD) based on Cu-containing MIEC materials[1-4] are shown to be capable of both maintaining and moving rapidly between all the roles necessary for 3D crosspoint memory (un-selected, half-selected, selected(read), and selected(write)). Ultra-low leakage is maintained over hours, recovery dynamics after both write (30-50uA) and read (3-6uA) operations are explored, and read operations fast enough for use with MRAM (sub-50ns) at low voltages are demonstrated.
Magnetic and recording characteristics of very thin metal-film media

The recording performance of very thin sputtered Co-alloy longitudinal film media has been examined. Measurements made using magnetic layers as thin as 50 AA show that the thinner films exhibit improved signal-to-noise characteristics. Similar trends have been observed in both CoNiCr and CoPtCr alloys on Cr and CrV underlayers. Improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is accompanied by a reduction in coercivity squareness as the film thickness is reduced. Large variations of coercivity with film thickness are also observed in the range 50-300 AA. It is suggested that changes in grain size and grain boundary separation during the early stages of film growth play a role in these effects. >
Electrochemical Investigations on Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries by Three-Electrode Measurements

Electrochemical characteristics of advanced lithium-ion batteries (ALBs) have been investigated using a three-electrode system. The reference electrode is a piece of lithium inserted between the anode and cathode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that both the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and charge-transfer resistances depend on the battery's state of charge (SOC). In a fully charged ALB, the main contribution to the resistance comes from the SEI of the anode; whereas, in a fully discharged state, the contribution comes from the charge-transfer resistance of the cathode. The discharge capacity under high currents is limited by the diffusion of lithium ions within the cathode; the effects of the anode are small. The charge-transfer resistance of the cathode increased most, by approximately 200%, after 200 cycles at SOC = 50%, and thus this value has the largest effect on the cycle life of the ALB. During low-temperature discharge, the anode shows the largest cell resistance of 2.8 Ω, but near the completion of discharge, the cathode contribution starts to dominate (0.4-2.7 Ω), and the anode resistance decreases to 1.3 Ω.
Antibiotic prescribing for cystitis: how well does it match published guidelines?

PURPOSE: Cystitis is one of the most common bacterial infections seen by physicians in outpatient settings. Published clinical guidelines by the Infectious Disease Society of America and other organizations have been established to enable effective treatment, while attempting to decrease cost and limit antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Insurance claims data for employees and dependents of a single Midwest corporation, with Preferred Provider Organization coverage, diagnosed with cystitis between 1996 and 1999 were matched to prescription drug claims for those who filled an antibiotic prescription within 3 days of diagnosis. RESULTS: For acute and recurrent cystitis physicians prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 37% and 18% respectively. The other most common antibiotics prescribed were the broad-spectrum flouroquinolones, and nitrofurantoin. The mean duration for these prescriptions was 10 days regardless of whether the infection was acute or recurrent. CONCLUSIONS: The first line recommended antibiotic, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was prescribed in 37% of acute infections, and for considerably longer than the suggested 3-day course of therapy. Steps should be taken to educate physicians and patients on the choice and dosage of antibiotics for cystitis to minimize emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Religious Texts in the Mac Aodhagáin Library of Lower Ormond

The most prominent Irish legal family of their time, Meic Aodhagain maintained a celebrated law school in Lower Ormond in northern Co Tipperary. Through the analysis of manuscripts produced by two fifteenth-century scribes who worked among Meic Aodhagain, this study identifies some of the texts likely to have been kept at the family’s Lower Ormond school. From the resulting list it is evident that Meic Aodhagain possessed a considerable collection of vernacular religious material, especially homilies and passions, quite apart from law books.
Extending the school health education program.

(1947). Extending the School Health Education Program. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 371-418.
Gaseous Scintillation

The method of detecting the passage of charged particles through noble gases by analyzing the light of de-excitation will be discussed. A description is given of the mechanism, and various experimental methods are presented. Attention is directed to performance, applications, and some unsolved problems
Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Adverse Psychiatric Events and Suicidality Reported for Roflumilast, an Add-On COPD Therapy

Aims: Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase-4-inhibitor used as add-on therapy to long-acting bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although roflumilast is well tolerated, there have been concerns regarding psychiatric problems, including suicide tendencies. This study aims to identify and characterize signals of adverse psychiatric events reported for roflumilast in the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Study Design: Retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Adverse event reports submitted to FAERS from October 1997 through September 2012. Methodology: Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker data-mining algorithm was applied to adverse psychiatric events (APE) that were submitted to the FAERS (3Q1997-3Q2012). Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) and 95% confidence interval (EB05-EB95) were calculated for roflumilast-associated APE compared to all drugs in FAERS. The following Preferred Terms of the MedDRA terminology were used to define the outcome of interest: “anxiety”, “depressed mood”, “depression”, “insomnia”, “suicide attempt”, and “suicidal ideation”. Signals with EB05>2 are considered significant disproportional reporting (>twice that expected) of APE. Results:126 reports of APE were identified for roflumilast, corresponding to mutually non-exclusive events of insomnia (n=53), anxiety (n=38), depression (n=36), suicidal ideation (n=30), depressed mood (n=8), and suicide attempt (n=6). EBGM (EB05-EB95) were: APE, 3.55 (3.06-4.11); insomnia, 4.55 (3.62-5.66); anxiety, 2.96 (2.26-3.82); depression, 2.88 (2.19-3.75); suicidal ideation, 5.65 (4.16-7.52); depressed mood, 3.90 (2.20-6.53); and suicide attempt, 1.66 (0.86-2.95). Conclusion: Roflumilast is associated with higher than expected reporting of APE, including suicidal thoughts, but not suicide attempts. Given the inherent confounding and bias limitations of spontaneous reporting systems, pharmacoepidemiologic studies are required to test these hypotheses; meanwhile, prescribers should consider alternative add-on therapies to patients with past or present depression or suicidality.
Speed-energy considerations of microprocessors and APU's for tactical missile applications

Interface f eatures of a CMOS microprocessor and an arithmetic processing unit (APU) are described in relation to tactical missile applications. Power switching to the APU minimizes energy consumption. Software examples and methodologies are discussed. An energy analysis shows an APU augmented CPU system has the potential of reducing the energy to perform a software task by a factor of 7:1, while reducing the solution time by a factor of 200. Reduced memory size and usage in the APU-CPU pair type of architecture is displayed as an important consideration in power conservation for tactical applications of microprocessors.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Soils against the Western Subterranean Termite

The toxicity to the western subterranean termite ( Reticulitermes hesperus Blinks) of thin layers of damp, fine sand treated with seven insecticides was based on the period required for 50% immobility (MPI) or 50% mortality (MLP). The relative effectiveness of the insecticides was different when MPI was used as the Criterion than when MLP was used. With the former as a criterion, lindane was the most effective insecticide at all concentrations. However, when MLP was used as the criterion, pentachlorophenol was found to be the most effective insecticide at all concentrations down to 0.01% when it was no more effective than lindane. Termites treated with pentachlorophenol, sodium pentachlorophenate and sodium arsenite died relatively soon after they were immobilized by the toxicants. Therefore there was less difference in the MPI and MLP values than was the case with the other insecticides used ill these experiments. The insecticides most adversely affected by successive dilutions were sodium arsenite, sodium pentachlorophenate and pentachlorophenol, and those least adversely affected were lindane, dieldrin and chlordane. When 1% concentrations of insecticide emulsions or solutions were applied, the MPI’s and MLP’s for insecticides in soil, 17 months after treatment, were Generally approximately in the same ratio of relative effectiveness as they were for insecticides in freshly treated fine sand. However, this was not found to be the ease with sodium arsenite, for it is a stomach poison, and fine sand is not ingested by the termites as readily as soil. Therefore results with sodium arsenite are relatively inferior when fine sand is the poisoned medium. When the toxicity to termites of the upper half-inch of soil was compared with that of the inch of soil below, it was found to be greater with all insecticides except lindane. Emulsions were generally more adversely affected by passing through soil than were kerosene and water solutions. This was presumably due to the sieving out of the emulsified droplets of insecticide and solvent from the dilute emulsion. DDT was the most adversely affected among the emulsions, probably because (1) it was the most quick-breaking of the emulsions and (2) it is more adversely affected by dilution than lindane, dieldrin and chlordane. Sodium pentachlorophenate was the most adversely affected among the solutions. Soil treated for 11 months with DDT, chlordane, dieldrin and lindane and placed on colonies of 50 termites in damp sand in glass test tubes was found to be an effective barrier against the usual upward movement of the termites. However, dieldrin was the only insecticide that had a significant toxic effect on the termites below the treated soil barrier.
Radiation therapy in patients with left ventricular assist device: A case report and literature review

During the care of cancer patients with severe cardiac disease, oncology teams may have to manage electromechanical devices (EMDs) such as automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (AICDs) for ventricular arrhythmias, pacemakers for aberrant rhythms, and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) for significant cardiomyopathy. Evidence suggests radiation therapy (RT) is safe in patients with pacemakers and AICDs. Existing guidelines may aid radiation oncologists in their care. However, there is no such literature for management of patients with LVADs.1 The LVAD is an electromechanical circulatory pump connected to the left ventricle used to maintain cardiac output in advanced heart failure patients. Inside the pump is a motor and rotor magnets. When a current supplied by a driveline flows through the coils of the motor, a magnetic field is generated, causing the magnets to spin. Rotation of the rotor drives blood from the left ventricle through the pump and into a cannula connected to the ascending aorta. The driveline courses from the device, through the skin,
Integrating Renewable Energy Using Data Analytics Systems: Challenges and Opportunities.

The variable and intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources makes integrating them into the electric grid challenging and limits their penetration. The current grid requires expensive, largescale energy storage and peaker plants to match such supplies to conventional loads. We present an alternative solution, in which supply-following loads adjust their power consumption to match the available renewable energy supply. We show Internet data centers running batched, data analytic workloads are well suited to be such supply-following loads. They are large energy consumers, highly instrumented, agile, and contain much scheduling slack in their workloads. We explore the problem of scheduling the workload to align with the time-varying available wind power. Using simulations driven by real life batch workloads and wind power traces, we demonstrate that simple, supply-following job schedulers yield 40-60% better renewable energy penetration than supply-oblivious schedulers.
Production Relations in Agrarian Capitalist Development: A Comment on Das (2012)

Das (2012) proposes to apply Marx’s account of the subsumption of labor under capital, concerning levels of capitalist control of production, in addressing questions regarding the definition of capitalism and the nature and forms of economic development in agrarian economies, and to use the recent economic experience of Indian agriculture for empirical illustration. This comment raises several issues with regard to Das’s reading of Marx’s account and his application of that account in assessing Indian agricultural development.
Can the patient be the focus of managed care

If the question were simply put: "What is it that succeeds or fails to meet patients' needs in managed care?" Dr. John M Ludden would have a short answer. "It depends. Success depends on whether you are talking about individuals or about populations of patients. And it depends on whether you are talking about meeting patients' needs or their desires. It depends on whether you're talking about well patients or sick patients, young patients or older patients, new patients or established patients, rich patients or poor patients. And it depends on your ability to balance each of these qualities." This article explores how to translate high-quality care for a population to high-quality care for individuals.
Molecular Scanning: Combining Random Mutagenesis, Ribosome Display, and Bioinformatic Analysis for Protein Engineering

Protein engineering techniques can facilitate the direct de-convolution of specific domains, regions, and particular amino acids that contribute to protein function. Many tools are available to aid this enterprise and herein we describe one such tool, a technique we term "Molecular Scanning" (MS). MS is analogous to previously described alanine scanning in that it samples potentially functional sequence space, but differs in that it uses Error-Prone polymerase chain reaction to randomly introduce all amino acids across the sequence space, as opposed to simply introducing alanine at each desired position. We commonly use MS in conjunction with ribosome-display, selecting for specific character traits (e.g., improved affinity) which allows us to sample functionally relevant diversity on a reasonably large scale. This approach is amenable to a variety of different mutational techniques and display technologies as dictated by user requirements or needs. In this chapter we present a general outline of the process as we have previously successfully applied it.