cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
41. Assessing Feasibility and Strategies for Clinicians to Communicate Via Social Media With Adolescent Patients About HPV Vaccination

Purpose: Sexting is becoming a more prevalent practice among today’s youth. (1) Studies have shown a link between sexting and other high-risk sexual behavior. (2) The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexting of select youth in the Los Angeles area as well as discover the opinions of youth themselves as to why they engage in sexting behavior. Methods: Fifty-five youth presenting for care at the Teen Health Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles were surveyed to evaluate sexting prevalence and specific sexting behaviors such as forwarding sexts, reasons for sending sexts, and youth’s concerns regarding sexting. Chi-square analysis was used to compare answers to sexting behavior questions between genders. Results: More than half the youth in our sample (48.5% of girls, 63.6% of boys) had sent a sext, and the majority (70% of girls, 82% of boys) had received a sext. There were no significant gender differences in sending, receiving, or forwarding sexts. Girls expressed significantly more concern than boys about how sexting could affect their reputation, including getting caught by an adult with a sext (c2(1)1⁄46.246, p1⁄4.012) and how others would think of them (c2(1)1⁄413.38, p<.001). 52% of respondents said they would be comfortable talking with their doctor about sexting. Conclusions: Sexting is becoming more prevalent in today’s youth dating culture. In regards to sexting, youth seem to be worried that sexting may damage their reputations and that there may be personal or legal repercussions for getting caught with a sext. Youth, who need to be made aware of the possible psychosocial complications of sexting, may be receptive to physicians discussing the implications of sexting with them. Sources of Support: 1. Temple JR., Paul JA., van den Berg, P., Le VD., McElhany A., Temple BW. Teen Sexting and Its Association With Sexual Behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012.166 (9): 828-833. 2. Rice, E., Rhoades, H.,Winetrobe, H., Sanchez,M., Montoya, J., Plant, A., Kordic, T. Sexually Explicit Cell Phone Messaging Associated with Sexual Risk Among Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2012: 130; 4: 667-673.
Satellite-Satellite Laser Links for Future Gravity Missions

Abstract. A strong candidate for use in future missions to map time variations in the Earth’s gravity field is laser heterodyne measurements between separate spacecraft. At the shortest wavelengths that can be measured in space, the main accuracy limitation for variations in the potential with latitude is expected to be the frequency stability of the laser. Thus the development of simple and reliable space-qualified lasers with high frequency stability appears to be an important goal for the near future.
Male caregivers of spouses with Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors and health status

Caregiving for persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to pose a challenge to the health of the spousal caregiver. Because most of the caregiving literature focuses on the female caregiver, there is some question about the generalizability of such literature to the male caregiver. This report focuses on male caregivers of spouses with AD and represents a subsample from a larger descriptive study that examined the relationship between risk factors and the health status of spousal caregivers. Twenty-nine male caregivers affiliated with Alzheimer's organizations in Pennsylvania and Ontario, Canada, returned mail surveys. On average, physical health symptoms increased by one-third when comparing pre- and post-caregiving data. Caregivers also were experiencing moderate to severe depression and burden. Male caregivers generally rated their physical health as fair to excellent and exhibited fewer than expected physical health symptoms. Caregiver health was related to perceptions of stress surrounding the provision of activities of daily living (ADL) assistance, the frequency of behavioral problems, perceptions of stress associated with the AD spouse's dysfunctional behaviors, and satisfaction with leisure opportunities. The identification of the role that caregiver perceptions of stressfulness associated with caregiving and the need for leisure satisfaction offer important implications for community-based education and respite services to maintain health status for spousal caregivers.
Medical Cost Savings for Participants and Nonparticipants in Health Risk Assessments, Lifestyle Management, Disease Management, Depression Management, and Nurseline in a Large Financial Services Corporation

Abstract Purpose. To compare changes in medical costs between participants and nonparticipants in five different health and productivity management (HPM) programs. Design. Quasi-experimental pre/post intervention study. Setting. A large financial services corporation. Subjects. A cohort population of employees enrolled in medical plans (n = 49,793). Intervention. A comprehensive HPM program, which addressed health risks, acute and chronic conditions, and psychosocial disorders from 2005 to 2007. Incentives were used to encourage health risk assessment participation in years 2 and 3. Measures. Program participation and medical claims data were collected for members at the end of each program year to assess the change in total costs from the baseline period. Analysis. Multivariate analyses for participation categories were conducted comparing baseline versus program year cost differences, controlling for demographics. Results. All participation categories yielded a lower cost increase compared to nonparti...
Sub part-per-million mass accuracy by using stepwise-external calibration in fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

A new external calibration procedure for FT-ICR mass spectrometry is presented, stepwise-external calibration. This method is demonstrated for MALDI analysis of peptide mixtures, but is applicable to any ionization method. For this procedure, the masses of analyte peaks are first accurately measured at a low trapping potential (0.63 V) using external calibration. These accurately determined (<1 ppm accuracy) analyte peaks are used as internal calibrant points for a second mass spectrum that is acquired for the same sample at a higher trapping potential (1.0 V). The second mass spectrum has a ∼10-fold improvement in detection dynamic range compared with the first spectrum acquired at a low trapping potential. A calibration equation that accounts for local and global space charge is shown to provide mass accuracy with external calibration that is nearly identical to that of internal calibration, without the drawbacks of experimental complexity or reduction of abundance dynamic range. For the 609 mass peaks measured using stepwise-external calibration method, the root-mean-square error is 0.9 ppm. The errors appear to have a Gaussian distribution; 99.3% of the mass errors are shown to lie within three times the sample standard deviation (2.6 ppm) of their true value.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Si3N4 nanobeam optomechanical crystals

We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency in sideband-resolved Si3N4 optomechanical crystals supporting optical modes in the 980 nm band and a4GHz mechanical resonances, in both ambient conditions and at cryogenic temperatures.
Enhancing Vitamin E in Oilseeds: Unraveling Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Biosynthesis

Naturally occurring vitamin E, comprised of four forms each of tocopherols and tocotrienols, are synthesized solely by photosynthetic organisms and function primarily as antioxidants. These different forms vary in their biological availability and in their physiological and chemical activities. Tocopherols and tocotrienols play important roles in the oxidative stability of vegetable oils and in the nutritional quality of crop plants for human and livestock diets. The isolation of genes for nearly all the steps in tocopherol and tocotrienol biosynthesis has facilitated efforts to alter metabolic flux through these pathways in plant cells. Herein we review the recent work done in the field, focusing on branch points and metabolic engineering to enhance and alter vitamin E content and composition in oilseed crops.
Heat shock prevents alpha-synuclein-induced apoptosis in a yeast model of Parkinson's disease.

We show that human wild-type alpha synuclein (WT α-syn), and the inherited mutants A53T or A30P, when expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae triggers events that are diagnostic of apoptosis: loss of membrane asymmetry due to the externalization of phosphatidylserine, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. A brief heat shock was strikingly protective in that α-syn-expressing cells receiving a heat shock exhibited none of these apoptotic markers. Because the heat shock did not decrease the expression level of α-syn, a protective protein or proteins, induced by the heat shock, must be responsible for inhibition of α-syn-induced apoptosis. Using ROS accumulation as a marker of apoptosis, the role of various genes and various drugs in controlling α-syn-induced apoptosis was investigated. Treatment with geldanamycin or glutathione, overexpression of Ssa3 (Hsp70), or deletion of the yeast metacaspase gene YCA1 abolishes the ability of α-syn to induce ROS accumulation. Deletion of YCA1 also promotes vigorous growth of α-syn-expressing cells compared to cells that contain a functional copy of YCA1. These findings indicate that α-syn-induced ROS generation is mediated by the caspase, according to α-syn→caspase→ROS→apoptosis. It is shown by co-immunoprecipitation that Ssa3 binds to α-syn in a nucleotide-dependent manner. Thus, we propose that Hsp70 chaperones inhibit this sequence of events by binding and sequestering α-syn.
Anatomy of an anesthesia information management system.

Abstract Anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) have become more prevalent as more sophisticated hardware and software have increased usability and reliability. National mandates and incentives have driven adoption as well. AIMS can be developed in one of several software models (Web based, client/server, or incorporated into a medical device). Irrespective of the development model, the best AIMS have a feature set that allows for comprehensive management of workflow for an anesthesiologist. Key features include preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative documentation; quality assurance; billing; compliance and operational reporting; patient and operating room tracking; and integration with hospital electronic medical records.
Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of a mycotic ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm as a source of embolism

Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta may develop after aortic injury from trauma or surgery. We report a case of dehiscence of an aortic graft leading to ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm that was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. In addition, the transesophageal echocardiogram identified the pseudoaneurysm as the likely cause of a saddle embolus to the iliac bifurcation of the aorta. This case is also unique in that the patient's pseudoaneurysm was infected with fungus.
Assessing the In Vitro Suppressive Capacity of Regulatory T Cells

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a vital role in controlling peripheral immune responses in order to prevent autoimmunity and control inflammation. Altered Treg activities have been associated with the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and infection with persistent pathogens. As such, a great deal of interest has recently been directed towards developing additional tools and methods to better understand the mechanisms of suppression employed by Treg. The in vitro suppression assay has emerged as a valuable means by which to assess the functional capacity and activity of Treg. In this review, we summarize the merits and limitations of the various in vitro assays that have been utilized to assess Treg activity and present a novel two color proliferation assay that allows simultaneous monitoring of both regulatory and effector T cell activity. As further immunomodulatory therapies are explored, the need for additional methodologies to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation conferred by Treg will play an increasingly important role.
Fiber analysis of an insect peripheral nerve: light vs. electron microscopy.

Abstract This paper describes the morphology of one of the two major femoral nerve trunks (nerve V of Dresden and Nijenhuis (1958)) of the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis as revealed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Fiber analysis of light and electron micrographs of thick and thin sections taken from adjacent areas of the same nerve yield significantly different data about the number and size distribution of the component axons of nerve V. The light microscopic image indicates one example of nerve V contains 2030 individual axons with a mean diameter of 1.4 μ; the electron image indicates the nerve contains 5794 axons with a mean diameter of 0.56 μ. The disparity between the two types of data is due to the large number of very small axons (0.2 μ or less in diameter) that course through the femoral nerve.
Total synthesis of halichondrins: Enantioselective construction of a homochiral pentacyclic C1-C15 intermediate from d-ribose

Abstract The remarkable heterobicyclization of a homochiral acyclic precursor, derived diastereoselectively from D-ribose, is exploited in a synthesis of the intricate multicyclic polyether C1 to C15 segment of halichondrins.
Boiling of Dilute Emulsions—Toward a New Modeling Framework

Boiling of emulsions is a field that has been studied little and is poorly understood. Experiments have shown that boiling in emulsion is a complex phenomenon and that a wide range of behaviors are possible. A model of boiling emulsions put forward by one group of researchers provides some explanation for the behavior of emulsions but seems to be insufficiently detailed to provide deeper insight into the boiling process or prediction of boiling. In this paper, a review of work to-date is presented. We also suggest an alternative set of mechanisms for boiling in dilute emulsions. It is shown how these mechanisms may be integrated into the Euler−Euler model of multiphase flow to describe the overall behavior of boiling emulsions.
Motion of diatom chains in steady shear flow

Information on the motion of phytoplankton in shear flows is essential for predicting or understanding effects of turbulence on processes such as nutrient uptake, aggregate formation, and phytoplankter-herbivore interactions. Of particular interest is the motion of diatom chains because they are expected to benefit most from enhancement of nutrient flux due to turbulence and are often the most abundant components in aggregates. We studied the motion of two chain-forming diatoms, Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira nordenskiiildii, in steady shear flow and in the light of available theory for rigid, elongated spheroids. Both species underwent periodic rotation upon exposure to a simple shear flow, as predicted by theory. Whereas the rotational orbits of S. costutum resembled those predicted by theory for rigid spheroids, the rotational motion of T. nordenskiiildii was more like the motion of flexible fibers observed in engineering applications. Periods of rotation of S. costutum increased linearly with increasing axis ratio, whereas no clear relationship was observed between periods of rotation and axis ratios for T. nordenskiiildii. Measured periods of rotation of both species were smaller than predicted by theory for rigid spheroids of similar axis ratios. The diverse behaviors observed imply that fluxes of nutrients and collision frequencies experienced vary greatly with detailed shapes and mechanical properties of chains and their unit cells.
PRECISE DETERMINATION OF THE MAGNETIC MOMENT OF THE DEUTERON

A precision measurement of the ratio of the magnetic moment of the proton to that of the deuteron has been carried out by the magnetic resonance method. The measurements were made using mixtures of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O and also mixtures of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ gas. The result for the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O:${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O mixture is $\mathrm{while}\mathrm{for}\mathrm{the} {\mathrm{H}}_{2}:{\mathrm{D}}_{2} \mathrm{mixture} {\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{H}}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{D}}}=3.2571999\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0000012,}{\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{H}}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{D}}}=3.2571990\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0000010.}$
Effect of gravity on laminar premixed gas combustion. I. Flammability limits and burning velocities

Abstract Fuel-lean flammability limits and burning velocities in a closed vessel were measured for methaneair mixtures burning at earth gravity (one-g) and zero-gravity (zero-g) at initial pressures of 50–1500 Torr. The zero-g flammability limit was found to be between the one-g upward and one-g downward flammability limits. For sublimit mixtures burning at zero-g, an extinguishment phenomenon unlike any found at one-g was observed. For fast burning mixtures (Su > 15 cm/s), burning velocities were identical at one-g and zero-g. For slower burning but still flammable mixtures, only the zero-g observations could be interpreted to obtain burning velocity data because at one-g natural convection caused severe flame front distortion. Zero-g burning velocities for these mixtures were in good agreement with existing models of laminar flame propagation and with extrapolation of current and prior one-g data. The main conclusions are that the one-g upward flammability limit occurs at a mixture which has a burning velocity which is so low that flame propagation is impractical, that the one-g downward flammability limit is related to the inability of the flame front to propagate downward against buoyant forces, and that near-limit flame propagation at zero-g is mostly independent of the experimental apparatus. Because of the unusual nature of the extinguishment process for sublimit mixtures burning at zero-g, further experiments are required to determine the cause of the zero-g flammability limit.
Niccolò da Reggio's Translations of Galen and their Reception in France

In the first half of the fourteenth century, Niccolo da Reggio translated more than fifty works by Galen from Greek into Latin, and by mid-century most if not all of them had reached the papal court at Avignon, where Guy de Chauliac praised their accuracy and cited them regularly in his Great Surgery of 1363. Yet contemporary physicians at nearby Montpellier almost never referred to them, ordinarily preferring to quote from the older Arabic-Latin translations. Examining a particular context, the ways in which urological conditions were described in the old and new versions of Galen, suggests that medical teachers and commentators may have found it difficult to give up the familiarity of the traditional language in favor of Niccolo's new terminology.
Localized Structural Effects of Electrostatic Interactions in a Thermostable Enzyme

Abstract The sequence and resolved structure of thermotrophic isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) and a related protein, mesotrophic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), were compared emphasizing clusters of charged residues identified from X-ray crystallographic studies (Wallon, G., Kryger, G., Lovett, S. T., Oshima, T., Ringe, D., and Petsko, G. A. (1997)J. Mol. Biol.266, 1016–1031). Mesotrophic isocitrate dehydrogenase was used for comparison because crystallographic data for a mesotrophic form of IPMDH was not available in the database. The structural features in the region of these clusters were compared and localized conformational differences were found in the thermotroph compared to the mesotroph. Because the overall topology of the two proteins is similar, it was concluded that these localized structural differences induced by electrostatic interactions between charged residues in the thermotrophic enzyme were responsible for the enhanced thermal stability of proteins from thermotroph.
Hypertension in pediatric patients

An increasing number of healthy children and adolescents across the world are being diagnosed with hypertension, which is an emerging problem that no pediatrician can afford to ignore. The evidence from developed countries indicates a recent increase in the prevalence of hypertension in children and young adults. In a school-based study in the United States that involved 5102 children with a mean age 13.5 years, the prevalence of hypertension was 4.5%(1). Primary hypertension, once considered a rare occurrence in pediatric patients, is seen more often particularly in obese patients. Other factors that are responsible for increased prevalence of hypertension in children include life style changes such as physical inactivity, increased intake of high-calorie, high-sodium and low-potassium foods, use of caffeinated and alcohol beverages, smoking, mental stress and sleep deprivation(2). Recent scientific advances have enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in hypertension. Recognition of monogenic genetic disorders such as Liddle’s syndrome, glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, and syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, have made it possible to diagnose and treat effectively a group of patients who in the past would have been diagnosed as having ‘essential hypertension.” Advances in diagnostic tools and the availability of a variety of newer antihypertensive medications, many of which have undergone successful clinical trials in pediatric patients, have made it easier to diagnose and treat hypertension in children.
Messaging to your doctors: understanding patient-provider communications via a portal system

The patient portal is a relatively new healthcare information technology that enables patients more convenient access to their healthcare information and allows them to send messages to their doctors. Our study examines the themes discussed in these messages and the different ways in which patients communicate with their providers via a portal employed in a large medical center. We also explore the differences between the patient portal and more traditional communication media, and investigated the advantages and potential problems of the portal system. Our findings show a wide variety of topics discussed in the communication messages (such as medication, appointments, laboratory tests, etc.) and how patients provide information, consult with their providers, and express psychosocial and emotional needs. We argue that the patient portal improves the accuracy of communication and could facilitate illness management for patients, especially over a longer term. However, messaging through the patient portal is not popular among patients and the simultaneous use of multiple communication media may create information gaps. More research is needed to better elucidate barriers to the use of patient portals and the optimal methods of communication and information integration given different contexts.
Structural Mechanics Of A Mortar Launched IR Dome

This paper presents a case study of the development of a Zinc Sulfide IR dome for a mortar-launched projectile. As a case study, it demonstrates the value of analysis as a means to obtain insight and derive solutions to design problems. It also describes problems solved by a variety of finite element codes: SAAS-3, EPIC-2, and NASTRAN. The paper discusses the determination of inertia loads, joint design, bonding of the dome to the attachment ring, verification testing, mortar test firings, and post test analyses. The paper discusses various FEM analyses performed during the development. Inertia load factors used for design were derived from a transient dynamic response analysis of launch and muzzle exit. Structural integrity of the brittle ceramic dome material was demonstrated by a detailed FEM stress analysis of the joint. This analysis considered modeling techniques for threaded and bonded joints. This FE model was also utilized to define an equivalent proof pressure test to simulate the inertia load. Initial tests resulted in the failure of both the dome and the attachment device of internal ballast. Additional analyses were conducted to evaluate modal response and impact. These analyses established the internal ballast as the cause of failure, and subsequent successful dome test firings validated the analyses.
A preliminary study of the effects of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition in schizophrenia: involvement of nicotinic receptor mechanisms.

Abstract Background Schizophrenics exhibit deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, and have high rates of cigarette smoking. We evaluated the effects of cigarette smoking on PPI deficits in schizophrenia, and the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in mediating cigarette smoking-related PPI enhancement. Methods PPI was assessed at baseline, after overnight abstinence, and after smoking reinstatement during three separate test weeks in nicotine-dependent schizophrenia ( n = 15) and control ( n = 14) smokers pre-treated with the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (MEC; 0.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/day). Results PPI was comparable between schizophrenia and control smokers after ad lib cigarette smoking. Overnight smoking abstinence significantly reduced PPI, while smoking reinstatement reversed abstinence-induced worsening of PPI deficits in schizophrenia. However, acute abstinence and reinstatement did not alter PPI in controls. PPI enhancement by smoking reinstatement in schizophrenia was dose-dependently blocked by MEC, whereas MEC had no effect on PPI in control smokers. Conclusions These results suggest that: 1) Non-deprived smokers with schizophrenia have comparable levels of PPI to non-deprived smoking controls; 2) In schizophrenia, PPI is impaired by smoking abstinence and improved by acute smoking reinstatement, and; 3) enhancement of PPI by cigarette smoking in schizophrenia is mediated by stimulation of central nAChRs. Our findings may contribute to understanding the increased vulnerability to nicotine dependence in schizophrenia, with implications for treatment of PPI deficits in this disorder.
Tree-Ring Dating of Historic Buildings in Willsboro, Northeastern New York, and Development of Regional Chronologies for Dendroarchaeology

Historical timbers have been sampled from buildings at 13 sites in Willsboro, New York, on the west shore of Lake Champlain. Ring-width series from 139 timbers have been successfully crossdated and used to develop tree-ring chronologies for ash (Fraxinus spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), pine (Pinus spp.), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), and spruce (Picea spp.), which collectively span A.D. 1555 to 1878. Tree cutting dates suggest that Windyview Manor was likely built in or soon after 1799, and a barn and farmhouse at the 1812 Homestead were built in or soon after 1812 and 1813, respectively. These dates are all consistent with documentary records for these sites. Aggregate data for the town suggest a shift in wood use for building during the 19th Century, with ash and oak commonly used for large frame timbers from the 1790s to 1820s, and hemlock and spruce dominating from the 1830s to 1860s. Chronologies developed in this project are among the first from historical timbers for northern New York and will facilitate further dendroarchaeological work in the region.
Improved methods for observing CP violation in B ± → KD and measuring the CKM phase γ

Various methods are discussed for obtaining the CKM angle $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ through the interference of the charged B-meson decay channels ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{D}^{0}$ and ${B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{D}^{0}$ where the ${D}^{0}$ and ${D}^{0}$ decay to common final states. It is found that choosing final states which are not $\mathrm{CP}$ eigenstates can lead to large direct $\mathrm{CP}$ violation which can give significant bounds on $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ without any theoretical assumptions. If two or more modes are studied, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ may be extracted with a precision on the order of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ given $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{8}$ B-mesons. We also discuss the case of three body decays of the D where additional information may be obtained from the distribution of the D decay products and consider the impact of $D\overline{D}$ oscillations.
Selecting common measures of quality and system performance.

Background.The President’s Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry recommended that a common set of quality measures be developed for the nation. The results of such common measures will be used to ensure accountability, select providers, and improve quality. Simult
Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche Military Societies: Enduring Veterans, 1800 to the Present

* List of Illustrations * List of Tables * Preface * Acknowledgements * Pronunciation Guide: The Parker McKenzie Kiowa Language Orthography *1. Sodalities and Plains Indian Military Societies *2. Yapfahegau: Kiowa Military Societies to 1875 *3. The Decline and Revival of Kiowa Military Societies, 1875 to the Present *4. Plains Apache Naishan Military Societies *5. Comanche Military Societies *6. Comparison and Conclusions * Notes * Bibliography * Index
Statistics collection in oracle spatial and graph: fast histogram construction for complex geometry objects

Oracle Spatial and Graph is a geographic information system (GIS) which provides users the ability to store spatial data alongside conventional data in Oracle. As a result of the coexistence of spatial and other data, we observe a trend towards users performing increasingly complex queries which involve spatial as well as non-spatial predicates. Accurate selectivity values, especially for queries with multiple predicates requiring joins among numerous tables, are essential for the database optimizer to determine a good execution plan. For queries involving spatial predicates, this requires that reasonably accurate statistics collection has been performed on the spatial data. For extensible data cartridges such as Oracle Spatial and Graph, the optimizer expects to receive accurate predicate selectivity and cost values from functions implemented within the data cartridge. Although statistics collection for spatial data has been researched in academia for a few years; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to present spatial statistics collection implementation details for a commercial GIS database. In this paper, we describe our experiences with implementation of statistics collection methods for complex geometry objects within Oracle Spatial and Graph. Firstly, we exemplify issues with previous partitioning-based algorithms in presence of complex geometry objects and suggest enhancements which resolve the issues. Secondly, we propose a main memory implementation which not only speeds up the disk-based partitioning algorithms but also utilizes existing R-tree indexes to provide surprisingly accurate selectivity estimates. Last but not the least, we provide extensive experimental results and an example study which displays the efficacy of our approach on Oracle query performance.
Multimode wavelength multiplexer for 850-1300 nm

The inherent advantages of wavelength multiplexing have recently been recognized in long-haul telecommunication links. However, the majority of fiber applications will entail short (<1-km) fiber lengths to unite local area network nodes, computers, etc. These applications require volume production, low cost, rugged construction, a broad temperature range in addition to low loss, and minimized cross talk. Multimode fibers are preferred. Aetna Telecommunications Laboratories has begun mass production at 10,000/year/station of multimode wavelength multiplexers. Simplified production techniques employing assemblers and using advanced materials allow all the above goals to be achieved.
The effect of carbohydrate feeding on the induction of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase

Abstract Allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), when administered to rats, induces high levels of hepatic mitochondrial δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA synthetase). The activity of this enzyme can be quantitated in porphyric rat liver, since the freshly prepared mitochondria from porphyric rat liver are permeable to succinyl-coenzyme A and do not have high deacylase activity. Administration of carbohydrate to rats markedly inhibits the induction of ALA synthetase by AIA. Since ALA synthetase is thought to be the rate controlling enzyme in hepatic porphyrin biosynthesis, diet is a regulatory factor in hepatic porphyrin synthesis in porphyria. The previously observed effects of diet on porphyrin precursor excretion in both experimental and human acute intermittent porphyria are best explained by the effect of diet on the hepatic ALA synthetase level. The application of the theory of “catabolite repression” to the present findings is discussed.
STRENGTH AND STRESS-STRAIN PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY HEATED LAMINATED ABLATIVE MATERIALS

Abstract : It is shown that the mechanical properties of rocket nozzle liners and reentry vehicle ablation materials can be determined by tests in which a high temperature plasma arc is used as a heat source. The arc flow is used to heat slender specimens, and a pneumatically actuated loading frame is used to apply stress. This method of testing provides heating and loading in time periods typical of the rapid heating during rocket firing or reentry, on the order of 10 sec. Earlier investigations of similar ablative materials have used specimens heated and charred (degraded) slowly prior to the application of load. Strength and stress-strain properties in the warp direction were determined for carbon, graphite, and silica phenolic materials. The method appears promising for the determination of properties in various loading-laminate orientations and during thermal expansion, and for studies of heating and strain rate effects on strength at elevated temperatures.
Group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever.

STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES (group A streptococcus) is one of the most common and ubiquitous of human pathogens. It causes a wide array of infections, the most frequent of which are acute pharyngitis ("...
Functional Reconstitution of Human FcRn in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells Requires Co-expressed Human β2-Microglobulin

The major histocompatibility complex class I-related neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, assembles as a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and β2-microglobulin (β2m), which is essential for FcRn function. We observed that, in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, the function of human FcRn in mediating the bidirectional transport of IgG was significantly increased upon co-expression of the human isoform of β2m. In MDCK cells, the presence of human β2m endowed upon human FcRn an enhanced ability to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and acquire mature carbohydrate side-chain modifications at steady state, a faster kinetics of maturation, and augmented localization at the cell surface as a mature glycoprotein able to bind IgG. Although human FcRn with immature carbohydrate side-chain modifications was capable of exhibiting pH-dependent binding of IgG, only human FcRn with mature carbohydrate side-chain modifications was detected on the cell surface. These results show that human FcRn travels to the cell surface via the normal secretory pathway and that the appropriate expression and function of human FcRn in MDCK cells depends upon the co-expression of human β2m.
Spectroscopic characterization of intermolecular interactions in solution and their influence on Crystallization outcome

Crystallization from solutions is an important technique for a wide range of industries. One of the prime requirements for crystallization is that molecular aggregation or clustering occurs prior to the formation of stable nuclei. Despite this, very little work has been carried out to investigate the nature of supersaturated solutions and the structure of prenucleation clusters. In this study, we have probed molecular assemblies in solution, using spectroscopic techniques, to search for structural features common to both solutions and solids. For the systems studied, it was found that, although solute−solute interactions could be detected in solution, there was generally a limited relationship with the solid forms, and therefore, these assemblies were not predictive of the polymorph initially crystallized.
Implementation of swept synthetic aperture imaging

Ultrasound imaging of deep targets is limited by the resolution of current ultrasound systems based on the available aperture size. We propose a system to synthesize an extended effective aperture in order to improve resolution and target detectability at depth using a precisely-tracked transducer swept across the region of interest. A Field II simulation was performed to demonstrate the swept aperture approach in both the spatial and frequency domains. The adaptively beam-formed system was tested experimentally using a volumetric transducer and an ex vivo canine abdominal layer to evaluate the impact of clutter-generating tissue on the resulting point spread function. Resolution was improved by 73% using a 30.8 degree sweep despite the presence of varying aberration across the array with an amplitude on the order of 100 ns. Slight variations were observed in the magnitude and position of side lobes compared to the control case, but overall image quality was not significantly degraded as compared by a simulation based on the experimental point spread function. We conclude that the swept aperture imaging system may be a valuable tool for synthesizing large effective apertures using conventional ultrasound hardware.
Emergency Evaluation and Management of the Sore Throat

Although sore throat is a very common complaint in the emergency department and is often associated with benign conditions, such as pharyngitis, it can be the early onset of something much more serious and even life threatening. A thorough history and examination are vital to the correct diagnosis but a high index of suspicion must be maintained to diagnose less common but serious pathology, such as epiglottitis and retropharyngeal abscess. Airway management is paramount to survival, and aggressive means should be taken early when epiglottitis is considered.
Effect of phosphorus deficiency on spectral reflectance and morphology of soybean plants

Abstract Soybean plants were grown in hydroponic solutions having three concentration levels of phosphorus. Spectral reflectance changes included higher reflectance in the green and yellow portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in phosphorus-deficient plants and a difference in position of the long wavelength edge (the red edge) of the chlorophyll absorption band centered near 0.68 μm. Plants having the least phosphorus in the growing medium did not show the normal shift of the red edge to longer wavelength which occurs as leaves mature. Shoot and root biomass were significantly lower in the phosphorus-deficient plants. These results are consistent with those obtained when soybean plants are dosed with elevated concentrations of metallic elements. We hypothesize that nutrient imbalances or anomalous metal concentrations in the soil set up physiological conditions at the soil/root interface that are responsible for the reflectance differences observed in laboratory and field studies of plants growing in substrates enriched in metallic elements.
Evidence for a two-step mechanism in electronically selective single-walled carbon nanotube reactions.

Covalent and noncovalent chemistries that are selective to single-walled carbon nanotubes of a particular electronic type have become increasingly important for electronic structure separation and on-chip modification of nanoelectronic devices. By monitoring transient Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) during a reaction with 4-chlorobenzene diazonium in aqueous solution, evidence for a characteristic two-step mechanism with two distinct time constants is uncovered. A long-lived intermediate selectively and noncovalently binds and partially dopes the nanotube surface (τ = 2.4 min). A slower, covalent reaction is tracked using the time-dependent increase in the disorder mode in Raman (τ = 73 min). The transient Raman and PL data are well described using a series of two first-order reactions. The covalent bonding step can be deactivated by changing the structure of the surfactant adsorbed phase, further supporting the mechanism.
Anal manometric predictors of significant rectocele in constipated patients.

The diagnosis of significant rectocele is currently made on the basis of cinedefecographic findings. Clinical examination alone will only allow assessment of the presence but not the significance of a rectocele. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if anal manometric findings can predict the significance of a rectocele. All patients with a diagnosis of constipation and rectocele confirmed on cinedefecography between 1992 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Significant rectocele was defined as the presence of three of the following five parameters: rectocele >4 cm in diameter as measured during the evacuatory phase of cinedefecography, rectal and/or vaginal symptoms present for longer than 12 months, persistence of rectal or vaginal symptoms for at least four weeks, despite increased dietary fiber (up to 35 g/day), need for rectal and/or vaginal digitation or perineal support maneuvers for rectal evacuation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test. A logistic regression model with stepwise selection was used to determine significant prognostic factors. A total of 305 patients (31 men) with rectocele, with a median age of 68 years (range, 12–89) were identified. Of these, 89 (29.2%) had significant rectoceles. There was no difference in the frequency of significant and non-significant rectoceles with respect to gender or age. However, patients with a significant rectocele compared to those with a non-significant rectocele had higher median first sensation volume (45 vs. 30 ml, p=0.0005), median capacity (160 vs. 120 ml, p<0.0001), and median compliance (10 vs. 8 ml H2O/mmHg, p=0.05). Calculations based on a logistic regression model determined that with a first sensation of 100 ml, a capacity of 400 ml, and a compliance of 50 ml/mmHg, the probability of a significant rectocele would be 85%.In conclusion, anal manometric findings may be useful in predicting significant rectocele in constipated patients.
2008: The Year of Revitalization

Look for innovations in products and services that focus on career and professional development
Public Library Association Biennial Conference, March 2012

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the 2012 PLA Conference.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a conference report from the Public Library Association (PLA) Biennial Conference held in March 2012.Findings – Various reports from the conference.Originality/value – This conference report has editorial value to those interested in attending the PLA conference and interest for librarians and information professionals.
The Use of Responsive Interaction Strategies by Siblings

The effects of an intervention designed to facilitate interactions between two older, typically developing children and their younger siblings with Down syndrome were investigated using a multiple-baseline design across behaviors and participants. The researchers used written materials, modeling, role play, and oral feedback to teach two responsive interaction strategies to the typically developing children. Following the intervention, the older children demonstrated the ability to use the responsive interaction strategies; modest changes also were observed in the communicative behaviors of their siblings with Down syndrome. The older children maintained their newly learned behaviors at a 1-month follow-up assessment. This study adds to the literature regarding the effects of teaching siblings to implement naturalistic communication strategies with children who have language delays.
A Path Analytic Model of Human Capital and Organizational Job Characteristics on Female Job Satisfaction

This study attempts to integrate human capital theory (predominantly an economic theory) with the traditional organizational job characteristics found in the behavioral job satisfaction literature. Four human capital variables-formal education, marital status, length of service, and alternative job information-are posited to have direct influence on seven organizational job characteristics-pay, co-worker integration, promo-tional opportunities, job communications, equitable treatment, routiniza-tion, and centralization. These seven variables are then posited to have direct influences on job satisfaction. Human capital theory is found to be a powerful addition to the understanding of job satisfaction among female employees. The multiple relationships posited between human capital resources and job characteristics are quite evident in the path analytic test of the model. Furthermore, increased co-worker integration and reduced routinization were found to directly increase job satisfaction. Implications for ...
Surface Diffusion of Poly(ethylene glycol)

We report direct measurement of the center-of-mass diffusion coefficient, D, of uncharged flexible linear chains adsorbed at the solid−liquid interface at dilute surface coverage. We find D ∼ N-3/2 (N is degree of polymerization) when N was varied by more than an order of magnitude (N = 48, 113, 244, 456, and 693) and the scatter of the data was low. The experimental system was poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, adsorbed from dilute aqueous solution onto a self-assembled hydrophobic monolayer, condensed octadecyltriethoxysilane. The method of measurement was fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of a rhodamine green derivative dye that was end-attached to one sole end of the adsorbed PEG chains. The observed scaling implies the diffusion time τ ∼ N3 if Rg ∼ N3/4 as expected for a chain in good solvent in two dimensions (Rg is the radius of gyration), but a variety of other theoretical approaches to describe the dynamical scaling are also plausible. The multiplicity of plausible dynamical transport scenarios is c...
Modes of fluctuation in metal futures prices

This article examines the stochastic structure of metal futures prices. First, this article presents a stationary multi-factor model of fluctuations in the futures price curve. Next, the model is extended to allow for time variation in the factors or “modes” of fluctuation. The model is estimated using futures price data for three very different metals: copper, which is an industrial metal; gold, which is a precious metal; and silver, which is in transition from a precious metal to an industrial metal. The estimation results show that the shapes and importance of the various modes of fluctuation for gold and silver are much different from those for copper. Gold and silver futures price curves can be adequately modeled as a time-varying one-factor model. Copper, however, has a more complicated structure and should be modeled as a time-varying two- or three-factor model. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:219–242, 2000