cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac taurine levels and sarcolemmal calcium binding activity in furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy.

Abstract 1. Cardiac taurine levels and sarcolemmal calcium binding activity were investigated in control turkey poults and in poults with furazolidone (FZ)-induced cardiomyopathy. 2. FZ at a dose of 700 ppm added to the feed of poults from 2 to 5 weeks post-hatching significantly reduced cardiac taurine levels and elevated the sarcolemmal calcium bindingactivity at high calcium levels. 3. The effect of FZ on cardiac taurine levels was reversed by removing the drug from the diet for a period of 2 weeks. 4. Data suggests that the cardiotoxicity of FZ is associated with severe damage to the sarcolemma.
The World Relations of Cities: Closing the Gap Between Social Science Paradigms and Everyday Human Experience

People inhabiting the cities of the world are in desperate need of knowledge that would enable them to cope with the worldwide relations of daily life. Although the mainstream of social science tends to ignore the world relations of cities, scattered scholarship in history, anthropology, sociology, and political science offers important insight on the growing involvement of human settlements in the world. The first main theme of this literature draws on scholarship of urban political economy and world systems which illuminates the changing impact of worldwide economic and social forces on the cities of the world and their inhabitants. In light of these changes, there is research urging that cities be freed from state constraints, research on new kinds of political movements, and advocacy of new approaches to research and teaching. The second main theme assesses the response of city government and local citizens movements to the perceived local impact of the foreign policies of states, with respect to issues such as war prevention and disarmament, world poverty, and human rights. There is both overlap and some contradiction between local issues raised by the two themes. This article will explore the implications for democratic theory, and for research and teaching in international studies, of the new world context of cities and the growing efforts of city governments and local people to deal directly with world issues.
Use of the Lactulose to Mannitol Ratio to Evaluate Childhood Environmental Enteric Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Childhood gut dysfunction (enteropathy) is common in resource-poor environments. Stunting is its presumed major consequence. Identification of biomarkers of gut dysfunction could identify the presence of, and, ideally, assess interventions for, enteropathy. Classically, enteropathy has been identified histopathologically. However, less invasive assays may be more sensitive for detecting earlier perturbations reflecting specific functional derangements. The most commonly used test has been the urinary lactulose to mannitol ratio (L:M), which primarily assesses gut leakiness, and which also measures absorption. We systematically reviewed the L:M literature published from 2000 to 2010 pertinent to children in developing country settings, and identified 25 relevant publications representing heterogeneous studies. We conclude that the L:M test has many attributes, including reflecting 2 physiologic processes (absorption and permeability) and likely correlation with growth failure consequent to child gut dysfunction. However, improved test technical performance, data reporting, and correlation with host phenotypes are needed to maximize the utility of this test.
Abstract 1323: Sustained activation of proliferative pathways and increased mammary gland tumorigenesis with γ radiation: A mouse model study

Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the USA. The mammary gland is known to be particularly sensitive to radiation injury and persistent cellular changes are known to occur after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). While measurable effects of IR have been observed in vitro and in vivo, the longer-term consequences still have considerable uncertainty. Delayed consequences of exposure to γ radiation including tumorigensis were compared to heavy ion radiation in wild-type C57BL/6J and in APC+/min mice. Studying heavy ion radiation has implications in two distinct fields - space missions and heavy ion radiotherapy. We used 137-Cs for γ radiation and 56-Fe as heavy ion at the NASA space radiation research laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Experiments were performed as per approved protocol and 6-8 weeks female C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with 2 to 7 Gy of γ and 56-Fe radiation. APC+/min mice were irradiated at 2 and 5 Gy of γ-rays and equitoxic doses of 56-Fe radiation using an RBE (relative biological effectiveness) of 1.25. Mammary glands were harvested from WT mice at 2 and 9 months postradiation for morphological, histological, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis. Tumorigenesis was studied in APC+/min mice at 100 days post-radiation. Mammary gland morphology in whole mount revealed a more pronounced decrease in duct density and lateral branching in the 56-Fe exposed mice. HE 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1323.
The effect of low dose oral contraceptives on the initial immune response to infection

Abstract The use of oral contraceptives have been shown to produce alterations in the normal physiology of many organ systems. However, little is known as to the effect of oral contraceptives on the immune response. The current study was undertaken to determine if women on low dose oral contraceptives show alterations in their initial immune response. An in vitro assay stimulating human peripheral lymphocytes was used. No differences were found in the proliferative immune response of B-or T-cells in women taking low dose oral contraceptives as compared to controls. This study suggests that the initial immune response of lymphocytes in patients on low dose oral contraceptives remains intact.
Material for learning and acting: Video and social change

When powerless groups create materials for their own learning, they may learn to create their own history and thus challenge those who oppress them.
Design of Orion Soil Impact Study using the Modern Design of Experiments

Two conventional One Factor At a Time (OFAT) test matrices under consideration for an Orion Landing System subscale soil impact study are reviewed. Certain weaknesses in the designs, systemic to OFAT experiment designs generally, are identified. An alternative test matrix is proposed that is based in the Modern Design of Experiments (MDOE), which achieves certain synergies by combining the original two test matrices into one. The attendant resource savings are quantified and the impact on uncertainty is discussed.
Conformational modulation of human cytochrome P450 2E1 by ethanol and other substrates: a CO flash photolysis study.

The alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 is a major human hepatic P450 which metabolizes a broad array of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including ethanol, low-molecular weight toxins, and fa...
Population-Based Analysis of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

Objective: To determine the population-based incidence of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy in Western New York. Methods: A database of 77,358 women with singleton pregnancies was analyzed using birth certificate data. The incidence of pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia was determined. Results: The overall incidence of pregnancy-associated hypertensive disease varied slightly from 1999 to 2003. The incidence of preeclampsia decreased from 1.8% to 1.1% (p < 0.01). This decrease persisted over time, despite controlling for known risk factors, such as body mass index, age, ethnicity, parity, smoking, diabetes, and chronic hypertension. Conclusion: The incidence of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders slightly decreased in our population in the last 5 years, with a decline in the rate of preeclampsia accounting for this change. Further analysis may provide additional insights into the population-based incidence of preeclampsia.
Modeling the effects of Amazonian deforestation on regional surface climate: A review

Abstract The extent of the Amazon Forest is continuing to shrink. A first-hand impression of forest clearing is given. It challenges climate modelers to describe the consequences of this change. Regional and global consequences may be important, but quantification of these consequences first requires representation of the micrometeorology of the forest and whatever replaces it. Past climate modeling studies to examine this question are reviewed critically. An adequate treatment of interception losses depends on a realistic description of incident solar radiation during rainfall and of local structure of convective rainfall. Data from the Amazon have helped diagnose model defects.
Remarks on the Polarization Effects in the Positron Theory

A simple method of obtaining the induced charge-density four vector on the basis of the subtraction formalism of the positron theory is given. Further, in the general case of time-dependent fields the result is calculated directly without use of the Lorentz invariance of the theory.
Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein contributes to biofilm formation in the presence of serum

Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein (EAP) is secreted, but it can redock on the bacterial cell surface via neutral phosphatase (Nptase). EAP binds to certain blood proteins and to itself, and through these affinities, it contributes to adherence and aggregation. It has been demonstrated previously that EAP expression is iron regulated and it contributes to biofilm formation under iron-deplete conditions. In this study, we found that EAP and Nptase also play a role in biofilm formation under iron-replete conditions in the presence of human serum.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-α-Like Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Transcripts in the Bovine Mammary Gland

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-α in the bovine mammary gland. Total RNA from 23 cows at various stages of development was isolated from mammary parenchyma and subjected to Northern blot analysis using human transforming growth factor-α 32 P-labeled deoxycytosine triphosphate cDNA probe. When blots were washed through 1x sodium chloride and sodium citrate plus 1% SDS at 60°C, a 4.8-kb band was observed in all RNA samples. When stringency was increased to .1x, mRNA transcripts were observed only for cows at d 233, 240, and 244 of gestation. After the high stringency washes, major bands were observed at 7.4 and 3.3kb and minor bands on d 233 at 5.4, 2.3, and 1.6kb. No additional transcripts were detected in RNA from mammary glands of nonpregnant cows during involution, lactating cows, or estrogen-treated heifers. These data indicate that transcripts similar to transforming growth factor-α are present in the bovine mammary gland. The expression pattern could represent alternatively spliced transcripts that were produced during an important period of mammary development prior to parturition.
The differentiation of suppressor cell populations as revealed by studies of the effects of mitogens on the mixed lymphocyte reaction and on the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes.

Abstract The regulation by concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lipoloysaccharide (LPS) of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and of the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) was studied in congenic resistant mice using cortisone resistant thymocytes as the responding cells. LPS enhances the generation of CL selectively when suboptimal numbers of allogeneic cells are present in mixed lymphocyte cultures and also results in the augmentation of the MLR. Mitogenic concentrations of Con A on the other hand suppress the generation of CL regardless of alloantigen dose. The mechanism of suppression cannot be ascribed to the presence of suppressor T cells, since the addition to the cultures of syngeneic cortisone resistant thymocytes activated by Con A does not change the immune response. However, prospective suppressor cells that can be activated by Con A are located in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen and lymph node. Suppressor activity by those cells is abolished by anti θ plus complement. Con A activated spleen cells suppress the MLR, whereas Con A activated thymocytes amplify the proliferation of responding cells.
Quadratic Friction Model for Cluster Bombardment of Molecular Solids

Molecular dynamics simulations of energetic cluster bombardment (C 20 , C 60 , C 120 , C 180 ) are performed in the range of 5-20 keV on a solid benzene substrate. The goal is to study the trends exhibited by these bombardment events and to develop a simple analytical model that explains the general dynamics associated with cluster projectiles. These results indicate that the dynamics of these clusters can be described by a macroscale quadratic friction model and thus can provide an interpretation for the dependencies on cluster mass and size, as well as the observation that velocity of the cluster relative to its initial value decays exponentially with time with a decay constant that linearly depends on the initial velocity.
[LEU5]enkephalin inhibits norepinephrine-induced contraction of rat aorta

Leucine-enkephalin produces a dose related decrease in the contractile response of spirally cut strips of rat aorta to norepinephrine (NE). The maximal effect (55.0 ± 1.0 percent reduction in developed tension) occurs at a leucine-enkephalin concentration of 10−10 M. The attenuation of contractile response is reversed by naloxone.
LIF measurements of radiative lifetimes of the C2(B'1Σ+g) state

Abstract The 193 nm photolysis of acetylene has been used as a source of C 2 (B' 1 Σ + g ) radicals, which are subsequently detected by laser-induced fluorescence technique. The pressure-dependent collisional lifetimes of this radical are experimentally determined by delaying the probe laser with respect to the photolysis laser, thus allowing extraction of the pseudo-first-order rate constants. Stern—Volmer plots of these rate constants versus pressure yield the natural radiative lifetimes of the state. Three different rotational levels of the C 2 (B' 1 Σ + g ) state were studied. The natural radiative lifetimes were 11.6±1.4 μs and 10.4±1.9 μs for the ν'=0, J '=8 and J '=14 levels, respectively, and 8.3±1.9 μs for the ν'=1, J '=8 level. These values are in reasonable agreement with the recent theoretical calculations. In addition, the second-order rate constants for the excited state quenching by Ar have also been calculated from the data.
A scale for the assessment of object relations: Reliability, validity, and factorial invariance

Factor analysis of the Bell Object Relations Inventory items produced four subscales interpreted to be underlying dimensions of object relations. Replication factor analysis confirmed the factor structure. Subscales had high internal consistency and were free of age, sex, or social desirability response bias. Subscales had low intercorrelations with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) sum scores, Global Assessment Scale scores, and most BPRS symptoms. Subscales appear to represent common features of personality and to sample a domain that is distinct from symptomatology, but related to variations in psychopathology. Percentage of high scoring subjects and subscale mean values are compared for seven criterion groups. High scores were least frequent among community active adults and most frequent among borderlines. Selected findings from the group comparisons are discussed to illustrate the potential of the instrument for empirical examination of theoretical assumptions about the object relations ego function and its components.
Acute Cardiac Tamponade due to Cardiac Actinomycosis

Cardiac actinomycosis occurs in less than 2 percent of the patients with infections due to Actinomyces israelii. We describe the findings in a patient with acute cardiac tamponade who survived through pericardial drainage and aggressive medical therapy. Although uncommon, this disorder is important to recognize because it is curable with current medical and surgical therapy.
Evaluation of Overhead-Mounted Sign Alternatives for Lane Use and Destination Information on Multilane Conventional Roads:

The essential elements of signs with lane use and destination information combined were evaluated to determine the element or combination of elements best comprehended by road users. The sign elements in this study were evaluated only for overhead-mounted guide signs on approaches to multilane conventional intersections. The research team identified existing standards in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) for similar signs or related sign elements that might already have been applied by states to communicate lane use and destination information combined. The team also identified any elements that might have been relevant but were not yet included in MUTCD. This information was used to select the following variables for use in combination on signs with lane use and destination information: lane designation, construction type, destination direction, arrow type, and vertical separator lines. Combinations of these variables were then used to develop 18 experimental signs. Most alternatives ...
Modelling of dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery: Theoretical and experimental aspects

A mathematical model was developed to predict the amount of drug delivered into the skin via the dissolution of a microneedle (MN). This approach differs markedly from previous research which focused on similar phenomena but failed to include a biological membrane. Dimensionless governing equations were derived to help predict the needle height and fate of the active ingredient in the skin layer after application of the device. Simulation studies with fentanyl revealed that the drug concentration was proportional to its mass fraction in the MN. The effect of the pitch on skin permeation was mildly nonlinear. A larger amount of fentanyl was delivered from microneedle arrays with smaller pitch size. The dissolution process was independent of changes in the elimination rate constant. An optimization algorithm was applied to show how to recover this parameter from needle height--time data.
FEM Modeling of Patient-Specific AAA Treated With Endografts

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture occurs when wall stress exceeds wall strength. Endografts aim to prevent rupture by reducing wall stress. However, after implantation, AAA may shrink, grow, or stabilize in diameter, even in the absence of apparent flow into the sac or pressurization. This may result in graft failure through loss of seal, kinking, or component separation. Insight from models of treated AAA could provide insight into treatment methods/limitations and for device design. The nature of the stress reduction in AAA by endograft treatment was modeled using FEM in two patients followed at three time points each (pre-treatment, early follow-up, and late follow-up) — one with a “stable” aneurysm and one with a “shrinking” aneurysm.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Esthesioneuroblastoma: A comparison of two treatment eras

Abstract This paper is a retrospective review of 30 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma, an uncommon malignancy of the upper nasal cavity, treated at a single institution from 1959 through 1986. Over the period of study, there has been a gradual evolution of treatment policy and technique with the introduction of craniofacial resections and complex field megavoltage radiation, as well as for Stage C disease, the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy and surgery. The 25 patients with a 2 year minimum follow-up are divided into 2 groups depending upon treatment era to determine the impact of modern aggressive therapy upon treatment results. Two-year survival for Group I (1959–1975) was 70% as compared with 87% for Group II (1976–1985). For Stage C disease, there was a definite improvement in survival in the later era (88% versus 50%), although relapses did not appear to be circumvented. Salvage therapy has an important role in prolonging survival in this disease.
A method for producing untwinned YBa2Cu3O7-δ crystals without subjecting them to stress

By quenching the tetragonal phase during flux growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ, separating the crystals from the flux, and then oxygenating them without mechanical stress, we routinely obtain crystals having untwinned regions. The size of the untwinned regions often approaches that of the crystals, which is typically 1 mm x 1 mm in the a - b plane. Such regions can be cleaved away, yielding isolated untwinned crystals. Unlike thermomechanical detwinning methods, our method does not involve applying mechanical stress to crystals at elevated temperatures. Hence the possibility of introducing stress-induced defects is avoided. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction have been used to verify that the crystals are untwinned and of high quality. The crystals consistently show a sharp ( < 2 K wide) superconducting transition near 90 K in the low field (10 Oe) magnetic susceptibility, and exhibit complete diamagnetic shielding in the superconducting state.
Myotonic dystrophy and multiple sclerosis

A 48-year-old man with myotonic dystrophy did well until the age of 37, when he developed the first of many remissions and exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. The only serum value done while the patient was infection free, revealed serum hypogammaglobulinemia. Three determinations of the relative concentration of gamma globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid over 11 years, yielded markedly elevated levels. Previous work on the immunological abnormalities in both disease entities is discussed. This is the only published case in which these two diseases were manifested in the same patient.
Analysis of reference transactions to inform library applications (apps)

Abstract Content analysis of questions asked at multiple reference service points are used to inform library application (app) development. Reduced library budgets create service gaps, and library apps present one potential solution to help users with simple wayfinding and library attribute questions. Content analysis of three years of questions asked at fifteen face-to-face service points on the campus of the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, as well as questions received via telephone, e-mail, and chat demonstrate that library location-based questions comprise 77.6% of the total questions asked. This approach shows the potential that the study of library location-based questions has for informing library apps.
Cellular localization of prostaglandin A2 in the rat kidney

Abstract The tissue localization of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) was studied in the rat by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Absorption of the antiserum with PGA2 prior to use abolished all fluorescence. As expected from its physiological behavior PGA2 was found to be located within the cell membranes of the different tissues studied. Immunofluorescence in the tubular cells of the renal medulla was more marked than in the cortex. No focal deposits of PGA2 were found in the renomedullary interstitial cells which are believed to be the source of renal vasodepressor lipids.
Evaluating Methods to Restore Amphibian Habitat in Fire-Suppressed Pine Flatwoods Wetlands

Although fire is recognized as an important disturbance in longleaf pine uplands of the southeastern US, less is known about the importance of fire or other disturbances in the wetlands embedded within this ecosystem. The reticulated flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma bishopi), a federally endangered species, and other rare and declining amphibians, are less likely to breed in low-quality wetlands with high canopy cover and low herbaceous groundcover that typically occur from fire exclusion. Fire rarely carries through these wetlands during winter because of the presence of standing water at this time of year. Our objective was to evaluate whether mechanical removal of the woody midstory could serve as a surrogate for fire, and create high-quality wetlands with moderate canopy cover and high herbaceous groundcover. We chose a series of high-quality (n = 4) and low-quality (n = 21) ephemeral wetlands for study. A subset of the low-quality wetlands were then treated mechanically and with herbicide (n = 8), burned (n = 4), or retained in a low-quality state (n = 7). Mechanical treatments reduced canopy cover (from 55.7% to 41.4%) to similar levels as high-quality sites (36.7%); however, herbaceous groundcover did not increase (17.2% post-treatment compared to 37.3% at high-quality sites). Fire reduced the canopy cover (from 41.3% to 33.0%), and herbaceous groundcover was similar (33.2% post treatment) to high-quality sites as of four months post burn. More time will be required to assess the response of herbaceous groundcover and whether mechanical methods can be used as a surrogate for fire to restore amphibian breeding habitat. Identifying surrogates for fire could add an important technique to our management toolbox.
Social Workers for Rent: The Contingency Human Services Labor Force

This article explores the use of contingency employment arrangements in the human services within the larger context of the changing labor market. The author identifies and characterizes trends in ...
Stabilizing unstable species through single-site isolation: a catalytically active TaV trialkyl in a porous organic polymer

A catechol-functionalized porous organic polymer (POP) has been successfully metallated with a TaV trialkyl and remains thermally and structurally robust. The resulting POP-supported (catecholato)TaV trialkyl sites remain accessible to small molecules and can undergo reactions to yield stable, monomeric complexes that are quite different from those observed with the homogeneous analogues. Using a combination of reactivity studies, high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we are able to precisely determine the functionality and coordination environment of the active (catecholato)TaV trialkyl site and its products in reactions with Bronsted acids. Additionally, the Ta-metallated POP was found to have enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and toluene relative to a homogeneous analogue.
An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the adsorption of N2, NH3, NO, and N2O on dysprosium

Abstract The adsorption of N 2 , NH 3 , NO, and N 2 O onto clean polycrystalline dysprosium at 300 and 115 K and the changes undergone by the adsorbed species upon heating from 115 K have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). At 115 K, N 2 adsorbs dissociatively, vielding two peaks in the N 1 s region at 396.2 and 398.2 eV corresponding respectively to a nitride and to chemisorbed nitrogen N(a). No peaks corresponding to molecularly adsorbed N 2 (BE 400.2 eV [10]) were observed. Upon heating the sample the N(a) is converted into the nitride species, as evidenced by a decrease in the 398.2 eV peak and a corresponding increase in the 396.2 eV peak. At a warm-up temperature of 300 K, the N(a) species accounts for only ∼10% of the total nitrogen on the surface. Ammonia adsorbed at 115 K shows three distinct peaks, at 401.7, 399.3 and 396.2 eV, corresponding to molecular, partly dissociated, and completely dissociated (nitride) ammonia. Upon heating multilayer ammonia to 175 K, it desorbs to leave predominantly the peak corresponding to the partly dissociated species. Upon further heating the molecular and partly dissociated ammonia is converted into the nitride species. At 400 K only nitride-type nitrogen remains on the surface. The adsorption of NO and N 2 O at 115 K is predominantly dissociative. NO has N 1 s peaks at 403.1 and 396.3 eV corresponding possibly to molecularly adsorbed NO, and to nitride species. After N 2 O adsorption there is very little nitrogen on the surface. Adsorption of N 2 and NO at 300 K yields only the peak at 396.2 eV, whereas NH 3 yields, in addition to this peak, a small intensity (∼20%) of the peak at 398.2 eV (partly dissociated ammonia).
The Nature of Authority: Comment

Comments on an article regarding the nature of authority in business management. Discussion on the acceptance definition of authority; Relationship between the behaviorist and structure-ist concept...
Location of a gene controlling electrophoretic variation in mouse gamma-crystallins.

Abstract Isoelectric focusing of soluble lens proteins from 29 strains of mice revealed three electrophoretic phenotypes. Genetic experiments and molecular sieving studies demonstrated that the variation was encoded by three alleles at a locus, designated Len-1 , and that the affected protein was a γ-crystallin. Len-1 was determined to be located on mouse chromosome 1.
Magnetic susceptibility of the double-exchange model

A unified treatment is provided for the local-moment, electronic, and cross terms in the magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ of the double-exchange model within the dynamical mean-field theory. All contributions diverge at the same critical temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{C}},$ which may be calculated analytically for large ${J}_{\mathrm{H}}S$ and a semi-circular density-of-states. Close to ${T}_{\mathrm{C}},$ the Curie constant deviates significantly from the result expected for a local-moment system.
Taking advantage of the situation: non-linguistic context for natural language interfaces to interactive virtual environments

We introduce a framework for learning situated Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) to interactive virtual environments. The framework exploits the non-linguistic context, or situation, explicitly modeled in such interactive applications. This situation model is integrated with a model of word meaning in a principled manner using a noisy channel approach to language understanding. Preliminary experimentation in an independently designed interactive application, i.e. the Mission Rehearsal Exercise (MRE), shows that this situated NLI outperforms a state of the art NLI on both whole frame accuracy and F-Score metrics. Further, use of the situation model in the situated NLI is shown to increase robustness to the noise introduced by the use of automatic speech recognition.
Fourier space analysis of the Yvon-Born-Green equation in the critical region

Abstract The pair correlation function implied by the Yvon-Born-Green (YBG) integral equation is analyzed in Fourier space in the critical region. For potentials of infinite range decaying like r-d-σ the upper borderline dimensionality above which the solutions can be Ornstein-Zernike-like is d> = 4 for σ ⩾ 2 but d> = 2σ for σ = 4, confirming results found by real-space analysis. Although the borderline dimensionality is in agreement with expectations from lattice models and field theory, the analysis indicates that below d> the solutions of the YBG equation cannot exhibit a physically acceptable critical regime. Moreover, it is shown that corrections to the YBG equation arising from further terms in the BBGKY hierarchy diverge at criticality even for d>d>.
Abnormal Fetal Cystic Left Neck Mass

An abnormal fetal cystic left neck mass was found on ultrasonography at 18 weeks gestation in a young woman. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large cystic anterior neck mass (Figure, A, sagittal view, and Figure, B, axial view, on T2-weighted half-Fourier acquired single turbo spin-echo [HASTE] MRI). The tracheoesophageal displacement index (TEDI) was found to be 24 mm. The neonate did well at the cesarean delivery (scheduled owing to the mother’s previous cesarean delivery) and had initial Apgar scores of 7 (1 minute) and 9 (5 minutes). Subsequently, the infant was intubated owing to increased difficulty with milky oral secretions and respiratory distress. Examination of the infant revealed a 5-cm, soft, fluctuant, and mobile neck mass that caused the head to deviate to the right with no cutaneous involvement. On day 2 of life, the mass had an air-fluid level and was markedly hyperintense on axial T2-weighted MRI with fat saturation (Figure, C). It appeared to be predominantly in the retropharyngeal space, anterior to the left carotid artery, and extended to abut themedial aspect of the right carotid sheath.Onday8of life, direct laryngoscopydemonstratedbulging in the left lateralpharyngealand retropharyngealwalls.Whentheneckmasswascompressed,air and fluid escaped froma communicating sinus lateral to the arytenoids in the left pyriform sinus (Figure, D). The mass was excised. A tract was isolated and ligated at the pyriform sinus, deep to the left thyroid lobe. The thyroid lobe was uninvolved. The patient was extubated on day 9 of life and had no problems breathing. What is your diagnosis? 80 mm 80 mm A B
Cartesian feedback for RF power amplifier linearization

We discuss two control problems that arise in connection with Cartesian feedback radio-frequency power amplifiers. New solutions to both problems are described, and the results of a working prototype are presented. The prototype, a integrated circuit (IC) fabricated in National Semiconductor's 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process, represents the first known fully integrated implementation of the Cartesian feedback concept.
Psychophysics of reading. XI. Comparing color contrast and luminance contrast

Text can be depicted by luminance contrast (i.e., differences in luminance between characters and background) or by color contrast (i.e., differences in chromaticity). We used a psychophysical method to measure the reading speeds of eight normal and ten low-vision subjects for text displayed on a color monitor. Reading speed was measured as a function of luminance contrast, color contrast (derived from mixtures of red and green), and combinations of the two. When color contrast is high, normal subjects can read as rapidly as with high luminance contrast (>300 words/min). Curves of reading speed versus contrast have the same shape for the two forms of contrast and are superimposed when contrast is measured in multiples of a threshold value. When both color and luminance contrast are present, there is no sign of additive interaction, and performance is determined by the form of contrast yielding the highest reading rate. Our findings suggest that color contrast and luminance contrast are coded in similar ways in the visual system but that the neural signals used in letter recognition are carried by different pathways for color and luminance. We found no advantages of color contrast for low-vision reading. For text composed of 6° characters, all low-vision subjects read better with luminance contrast than with color contrast.
FoxO and stress responses in the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris.

BackgroundIn the face of changing environmental conditions, the mechanisms underlying stress responses in diverse organisms are of increasing interest. In vertebrates, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans, FoxO transcription factors mediate cellular responses to stress, including oxidative stress and dietary restriction. Although FoxO genes have been identified in early-arising animal lineages including sponges and cnidarians, little is known about their roles in these organisms.Methods/Principal FindingsWe have examined the regulation of FoxO activity in members of the well-studied cnidarian genus Hydra. We find that Hydra FoxO is expressed at high levels in cells of the interstitial lineage, a cell lineage that includes multipotent stem cells that give rise to neurons, stinging cells, secretory cells and gametes. Using transgenic Hydra that express a FoxO-GFP fusion protein in cells of the interstitial lineage, we have determined that heat shock causes localization of the fusion protein to the nucleus. Our results also provide evidence that, as in bilaterian animals, Hydra FoxO activity is regulated by both Akt and JNK kinases.ConclusionsThese findings imply that basic mechanisms of FoxO regulation arose before the evolution of bilaterians and raise the possibility that FoxO is involved in stress responses of other cnidarian species, including corals.
Teaching and Reconsidering the Social Foundations of Education: A self-study

Within teacher education the position of educational foundations courses is increasingly precarious. Such courses are often declared irrelevant by students who embrace the aims of training and immediate practicality over education as the essence of learning to teach. Drawing on student and instructor diaries and diary summaries, the article reports on a self-study of a social foundations course as the author, inspired by C. Wright Mills, attempted to make foundations relevant and powerful by linking biography – students' life experience – and history. From the data, themes of importance to teacher educators are identified. Changes in student perceptions of teaching and learning and promising practices are noted and discussed.
Are predicted protein structures of any value for binding site prediction and virtual ligand screening

The recently developed field of ligand homology modeling (LHM) that extends the ideas of protein homology modeling to the prediction of ligand binding sites and for use in virtual ligand screening has emerged as a powerful new approach. Unlike traditional docking methodologies, LHM can be applied to low-to-moderate resolution predicted as well as experimental structures with little if any diminution in performance; thereby enabling ∼75% of an average proteome to have potentially significant virtual screening predictions. In large scale benchmarking, LHM is able to predict off-target ligand binding. Thus, despite the widespread belief to the contrary, low-to-moderate resolution predicted structures have considerable utility for biochemical function prediction.
Improving undergraduate academic advising in engineering: it's not rocket science

Advising undergraduates in engineering education is problematic at most institutions. The thesis of this paper is that one reason advising is hard to do successfully in engineering is because engineering educators try to improve it with typical engineering approaches and philosophies, to which advising is not amenable. The approach taken by most engineering educators to advising is that it is an information flow problem. In fact, it is an interpersonal dynamics problem, to be solved by improving the quality of face-to-face interaction between individual students and individual faculty.
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy related E180G mutation increases flexibility of human cardiac α-tropomyosin

α-Tropomyosin (αTm) is central to Ca2+-regulation of cardiac muscle contraction. The familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation αTm E180G enhances Ca2+-sensitivity in functional assays. To investigate the molecular basis, we imaged single molecules of human cardiac αTm E180G by direct probe atomic force microscopy. Analyses of tangent angles along molecular contours yielded persistence length corresponding to ∼35% increase in flexibility compared to wild-type. Increased flexibility of the mutant was confirmed by fitting end-to-end length distributions to the worm-like chain model. This marked increase in flexibility can significantly impact systolic and possibly diastolic phases of cardiac contraction, ultimately leading to hypertrophy.
Modeling of failure probability and statistical design of spin-torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT MRAM) array for yield enhancement

Spin-torque transfer magnetic RAM (STT MRAM) is a promising candidate for future universal memory. It combines the desirable attributes of current memory technologies such as SRAM, DRAM and flash memories. It also solves the key drawbacks of conventional MRAM technology: poor scalability and high write current. In this paper, we analyzed and modeled the failure probabilities of STT MRAM cells due to parameter variations. Based on the model, we developed an efficient simulation tool to capture the coupled electro/magnetic dynamics of spintronic device, leading to effective prediction for memory yield. We also developed a statistical optimization methodology to minimize the memory failure probability. The proposed methodology can be used at an early stage of the design cycle to enhance memory yield.
Morphometry confirms the presence of considerable nuclear size overlap between "small cells" and "large cells" in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms.

We morphometrically evaluated 5-μm HE LCNECs, A through F. Morphometry demonstrated considerable nuclear size overlap in high-grade neoplasms. Approximately one third of SCLCs exhibited considerable numbers of neoplastic cells that were larger than 3 normal lymphocytes, while 4 of 12 LCNECs had a predominant number of small cells. Ten tumors exhibited a B histogram with a “borderline” peak TC/L of 3. The rule that a TC/L size ratio larger than 3 helps distinguish “large” from “small” neoplastic cells was confirmed in only 9 of 28 cases. The use of more generic terminology such as “high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma” or “grade III neuroendocrine carcinoma” for SCLC and LCNEC is discussed.
Essential Elements in Tomatoes and Fresh and Canned Tomato Juice

Sixteen essential elements along with cadmium and lead were determined in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and fresh and canned tomato juice by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples were taken during the canning process to determine where changes in element content occurred. The concentration of each sample was compared statistically to other samples taken at different stages of the process. RDAs and estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake values as well as percent retention values were calculated. Retention of all elements, except chloride and sodium, ranged from 91–160%.
Quantitative role of LAL, NPC2, and NPC1 in lysosomal cholesterol processing defined by genetic and pharmacological manipulations

Lipoprotein cholesterol taken up by cells is processed in the endosomal/lysosomal (E/L) compartment by the sequential action of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), Niemann-Pick C2 (NPC2), and Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Inactivation of NPC2 in mouse caused sequestration of unesterified cholesterol (UC) and expanded the whole animal sterol pool from 2,305 to 4,337 mg/kg. However, this pool increased to 5,408 and 9,480 mg/kg, respectively, when NPC1 or LAL function was absent. The transport defect in mutants lacking NPC2 or NPC1, but not in those lacking LAL, was reversed by cyclodextrin (CD), and the ED50 values for this reversal varied from ∼40 mg/kg in kidney to >20,000 mg/kg in brain in both groups. This reversal occurred only with a CD that could interact with UC. Further, a CD that could interact with, but not solubilize, UC still overcame the transport defect. These studies showed that processing and export of sterol from the late E/L compartment was quantitatively different in mice lacking LAL, NPC2, or NPC1 function. In both npc2−/− and npc1−/− mice, the transport defect was reversed by a CD that interacted with UC, likely at the membrane/bulk-water interface, allowing sterol to move rapidly to the export site of the E/L compartment.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of EPA/DHA supplementation on resting and exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in exercise-trained men. Fourteen men supplemented with 2224 mg EPA+2208 mg DHA and a placebo for 6 weeks in a random order, double blind cross-over design (with an 8 week washout) prior to performing a 60 minute treadmill climb using a weighted pack. Blood was collected pre and post exercise and analyzed for a variety of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Blood lactate, muscle soreness, and creatine kinase activity were also measured. Treatment with EPA/DHA resulted in a significant increase in blood levels of both EPA (18 ± 2 μmol·L-1 vs. 143 ± 23 μmol·L-1; p 0.05). There was a mild increase in oxidative stress in response to exercise (XO and H2O2) (p < 0.05). No interaction effects were noted. However, a condition effect was noted for CRP and TNF-α, with lower values with the EPA/DHA condition. EPA/DHA supplementation increases blood levels of these fatty acids and results in decreased resting levels of inflammatory biomarkers in exercise-trained men, but does not appear necessary for exercise-induced attenuation in either inflammation or oxidative stress. This may be due to the finding that trained men exhibit a minimal increase in both inflammation and oxidative stress in response to moderate duration (60 minute) aerobic exercise.
Calcium dependence of steroid and guanine 3',5'-monophosphate induction of germinal vesicle breakdown in Rana pipiens oocytes.

The action of progesterone in the induction of meiotic maturation in amphibian oocytes is thought to be dependent on the presence of exogenous Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ ions. In the present study we report that exogenous Ca2+ is essential only during the first 5–10 min after exposure of Rana pipiens oocytes to steroid and that there is no significant Mg2+ requirement for germinal vesicle (oocyte nucleus) breakdown (GVBD). The order of effectiveness of divalent cations is Ca > Sr > Ba > Mg. GVBD is inhibited by only about 30% if denuded oocytes are transferred from Ca-containing to Ca-free medium containing inducing levels of steroid. If the diffusible Ca2+ pool (t½ < 15 min) is diminished by preincubation in Ca-free, EDTA-containing medium, GVBD is inhibited by 70-80%. Preincubation in Ca-free medium at 0–4 C results in the loss of 55–60% of the denuded oocyte Ca2+ and complete inhibition of steroid-induced GVBD. Progesterone uptake was independent of [Ca2+]o. Progesterone stimulates net 45Ca2+ uptake by denuded o...
Eukaryotic Viruses in Wastewater Samples from the United States

Human fecal matter contains a large number of viruses, and current bacterial indicators used for monitoring water quality do not correlate with the presence of pathogenic viruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses have often been used to identify fecal pollution in the environment; however, other viruses shed in fecal matter may more accurately detect fecal pollution. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline understanding of the types of viruses found in raw sewage. PCR was used to detect adenoviruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis B viruses, herpesviruses, morbilliviruses, noroviruses, papillomaviruses, picobirnaviruses, reoviruses, and rotaviruses in raw sewage collected throughout the United States. Adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples and 25% and 33% of final effluent samples, respectively. Enteroviruses and noroviruses were detected in 75% and 58% of raw sewage samples, respectively, and both viral groups were found in 8% of final effluent samples. This study showed that adenoviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses, and picobirnaviruses are widespread in raw sewage. Since adenoviruses and picobirnaviruses were detected in 100% of raw sewage samples, they are potential markers of fecal contamination. Additionally, this research uncovered previously unknown sequence diversity in human picobirnaviruses. This baseline understanding of viruses in raw sewage will enable educated decisions to be made regarding the use of different viruses in water quality assessments.