cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Asylum Regulations

Effective May 10, 1979, the Immigration and Naturalization Service has issued final regulations on asylum for refugees (Federal Register Volume 44, No. 70, April 10, 1977, Page 21253). These regulations pertain to aliens seeking asylum in the United States either under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (Article 32 and 33) or under Section 243(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (herein after cited as "the Act"). Section 203(d)(7), which provides for the conditional entry of refugees and the adjustment of status of duly qualified persons falling within the proviso thereto, and Section 212(d)(5), authorizing the Attorney General to parole into the United States persons in emergency circumstances, are both unaffected by these amendments to the Code of Federal Regulations. Similar regulations were published September 13, 1978 in Volume 43 of the Federal Register (Page 40801). However, no advance notice of proposed rule making was given and upon publication, proposed regula? tions were to become effective immediately. The revisions were declared invalid for failure to comply with the rule making requirement, necessi? tating 30 days notice, under the Administrative Procedure Act in Sannon v. the United States, 460 F. Supp. 450 (S.D.Fla. 1978).
An Eigensystem for Predicting and Controlling Unsteady Aeroelasticity

A computational model has been developed to predict and ultimately control the unsteady dynamics of aeroelastic systems. Through a general, curvilinear coordinate transformation, the model achieves exact coupling between the fluid and structure without compromising the effects of viscosity, separation, shocks, and shock-boundary layer interaction. The computational method enables a comprehensive approach to the analysis of coupled-system dynamics: capturing weak nonlinearities in an eigensystem formulation, strong nonlinearities using the full nonlinear system and dynamical systems methods, and detailed flow dynamics in time-marched simulations of the fully coupled model. In the eigensystem formulation, eigenvalues correspond to modal frequencies in the time domain and their growth rates. System stability is accurately and efficiently predicted without the need of time marching by extracting critical eigenmodes from the full, linearized system through reduced-order modeling. Validation of the eigensystem is achieved by comparing data from simulations with known, exact solutions and with time-marched solutions of the coupled fluid-structure system. Maximum relative differences between known, exact solutions and data from the model are less than one percent.
Significance of Changes of Serum Procalcitonin Concentrations in Children with Kawasaki Disease

Objective To study the changes of serum procalcitonin(PCT)levels and explore the role of PCT in Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods From Oct.2003 to Dec.2005,ninety-one children suffering from KD and 33 healthy children were recruited in this study.Ninety-one KD patients were divided into different groups,such as acute,subacute and convalescent groups;infection and non-infection groups;complication and non-complication groups.Serum PCT concentrations of KD patients were compared with health children,and compared with different groups.Results 1.Serum PCT concentrations of KD patients were 0.55(0.30-2.09)μg/L in acute phase,0.49(0.19-0.50)μg/L in subacute phase.There was a significant difference between them(P0.05);Serum PCT concentrations in healthy children were 0.16(0.14-0.24)μg/L,there was a significant difference between acute patients and health children(P0.01),and so did subacute patients;2.PCT levels were 0.53(0.28-0.88)μg/L in patients who had infections,and were 0.50(0.30-1.93)μg/L in patients without infection.There was not a statistical difference between them(P0.05).3.In patients with or without coronary artery dilatation,PCT concentrations were 0.50(0.32-0.60)μg/L and 0.52(0.30-2.17)μg/L,there was not a statistical difference between them(P0.05).4.Serum concentrations of PCT were significantly higher in patients with noncardiac complication as compared to those without noncardiac complication,0.83(0.48-4.41)μg/L vs 0.47(0.27-0.80)μg/L,P0.01.Noncardiac complications occurred in 22.2%(14/63)acute patients if PCT levels were ≤0.5 μg/L,the incidence increased to 42.9%(12/28)if PCT levels were 0.5 μg/L.There was a significant difference between them(P0.05).Conclusions The levels of serum PCT are markedly elevated in all patients with KD,especially in acute patients,and then gradually decreased following the development of KD.It may be a useful index for identificating stages in KD.Significantly high serum PCT concentrations are observed in KD patients with noncardiac complications,whereas the levels of PCT in patients with coronary artery dilatation are not significantly different from those without coronary artery dilatation in the acute phase.
Effects of Single α-to-β Residue Replacements on Structure and Stability in a Small Protein: Insights from Quasiracemic Crystallization

Synthetic peptides that contain backbone modifications but nevertheless adopt folded structures similar to those of natural polypeptides are of fundamental interest and may provide a basis for biomedical applications. Such molecules can, for example, mimic the ability of natural prototypes to bind to specific target macromolecules but resist degradation by proteases. We have previously shown that oligomers containing mixtures of α- and β-amino acid residues (“α/β-peptides”) can mimic the α-helix secondary structure, and that properly designed α/β-peptides can bind to proteins that evolved to bind to α-helical partners. Here we report fundamental studies that support the long-range goal of extending the α/β approach to tertiary structures. We have evaluated the impact of single α → β modifications on the structure and stability of the small and well-studied villin headpiece subdomain (VHP). The native state of this 35-residue polypeptide contains several α-helical segments packed around a small hydrophobic...
A prospective evaluation of distal margins in carcinoma of the rectum.

Abstract The controversy regarding the ideal distal margin after a "curative" anterior resection is currently unresolved. To clarify this issue, a prospective study was undertaken. Two hundred and forty-three patients who underwent "curative" anterior resection were included in this study. Patients were divided into 1 centimeter groups based upon the length of the distal margin (from 0.0 to 8.0 centimeters), and recurrence, local and distant, and survival were analyzed. There was no significant difference in local or distant recurrence or survival when each centimeter interval was studied to 1 centimeter. Patients with a distal margin of less than 0.8 centimeter (group 1) had more frequent anastomotic recurrences (30 percent) when compared with patients (group 2) with a distal margin greater than 0.8 centimeter (10.5 percent; p = 0.01). Both groups were well matched for age, gender, tumor size, length of proximal margin, number of positive lymph nodes, histologic factors, grade of differentiation, Dukes' classification, type of operation, preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy, follow-up evaluation and surgeon. Both groups had a similar pelvic area recurrence (5.0 versus 8.7 percent, p = NS) and distance recurrence rates (10.0 versus 14.2 percent, p = NS). The five year survival rate was adversely affected by a distal margin of less than 0.8 centimeter (49.3 percent in group 1 and 67.5 percent in group 2; p = 0.01). The data suggest that a distal margin of 1 centimeter in the pathologic specimen is adequate distal clearance for most carcinomas of the rectum.
Impact of Breast Density Legislation on Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Supplemental Screening: A Survey of 110 Radiology Facilities.

Breast density notification laws, passed in 19 states as of October 2014, mandate that patients be informed of their breast density. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of this legislation on radiology practices, including performance of breast cancer risk assessment and supplemental screening studies. A 20-question anonymous web-based survey was emailed to radiologists in the Society of Breast Imaging between August 2013 and March 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Around 121 radiologists from 110 facilities in 34 USA states and 1 Canadian site responded. About 50% (55/110) of facilities had breast density legislation, 36% of facilities (39/109) performed breast cancer risk assessment (one facility did not respond). Risk assessment was performed as a new task in response to density legislation in 40% (6/15) of facilities in states with notification laws. However, there was no significant difference in performing risk assessment between facilities in states with a law and those without (p < 0.831). In anticipation of breast density legislation, 33% (16/48), 6% (3/48), and 6% (3/48) of facilities in states with laws implemented handheld whole breast ultrasound (WBUS), automated WBUS, and tomosynthesis, respectively. The ratio of facilities offering handheld WBUS was significantly higher in states with a law than in states without (p < 0.001). In response to breast density legislation, more than 33% of facilities are offering supplemental screening with WBUS and tomosynthesis, and many are performing formal risk assessment for determining patient management.
Teaching in the 21st century

Abstract One of the hottest topics in higher education today is distance or distributed education (DE)—whether to get into it or not, whether it's as good as traditional in-class education or not, what forms of DE are better than others, whether it's a threat to faculty or not, and more. This paper addresses making sure DE efforts meet the course objectives and the students needs by working through five DE components: defining the students, defining the faculty, defining the curriculum, describing needed support systems, and understanding the environment created (ethical, aesthetic, cultural, and hidden aspects). Careful consideration of these five components will help ensure a successful DE program with positive experiences for faculty and students alike, and assure you readiness to embrace teaching in the 21 st century.
A preliminary analysis on CPOE functioning in Mississippi and implications for future research

Abstract Objective This study seeks to describe the state of the hospitals in Mississippi in terms of the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) scores in relation to their overall performance rankings, safety standards, mortality rates from treatable serious complications, as well as the racial composition and the median household income of the city or the town whether the hospital is located. A secondary goal of this study is to determine whether clusters exist among these hospitals in terms of these characteristics. Methods Data is obtained from the 2015 Leapfrog Survey, HealthInsights, and the 2010 U.S. census. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the state of the hospitals in Mississippi in terms of CPOE scores, as well as performance rankings and safety standards in relation to the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the city or the town whether the hospital is located. Two-step clustering within SPSS is used to segment hospitals based on the above mentioned characteristics. Results There is a great variation in terms of CPOE scores among hospitals in Mississippi. Most hospitals in Mississippi have a relatively well functioning CPOE system (the scores range from 65 to 100%). Hospitals with low CPOE functioning scores tend to have low safety grades and tend to be located in low income areas. Conclusion Strategies to promote usage of the CPOE systems should be continued. Priority should be given to hospitals characterized by low performance rankings and low safety standards that are located in located in areas that are either predominantly black or in areas with low median incomes.
Writing a Winning Grant Application

There are entire books devoted to the process and art of writing strong grant applications. My goal here is not to give you endlessly nuanced advice or specific details on different application types, but rather to share with you my personal insights and broad ideas and opinions as to what will help make the best grant application. But, not matter how much advice I give, I firmly believe that the only way to write a really strong grant application is practice. And even after you have your first successes, you will undoubtedly have some huge failures. It is inevitable. About all we can manage to do with practice is to improve our odds. Grant writing is definitely a very tough medium to master, and there is no definite recipe for success, except repetition and perseverance.
New Alkylidyne Complexes Featuring a Flexible Trianionic ONO3– Pincer-Type Ligand: Inorganic Enamine Effect versus Sterics in Electrophilic Additions

Metal–carbon multiple bonds exhibit enhanced nucleophilicity at the α carbon within ONO trianionic pincer alkylidyne complexes. Defined as the inorganic enamine effect, this phenomenon is a result of the overlap of the N atom lone pair within the ONO3– ligand and a π bond from the metal–carbon multiple bond. Treating the proligand [OCH2NCH2O]H3 (2) with (tBuO)3W≡CR (where R = Et, tBu) results in the formation of the dianionic pincer complexes [OCH2NHCH2O]W≡CR(OtBu) (where R = Et (3-Et), tBu (3-tBuanti)). Deprotonation of 3-tBuanti by treatment with Ph3P═CH2 forms the anionic alkylidyne complex {[OCH2NCH2O]W≡CtBu(OtBu)}{CH3PPh3} (4-tBu). DFT calculations modeling 4-tBu reveal overlap of the N atom lone pair with a W≡C π bond. However, 4-tBu reacts with electrophiles preferentially at the pincer N atom as opposed to the W≡Cα group. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, combustion analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography are employed to characterize complexes 3-Et, 3-tBuanti, and 4-tBu.
Modeling axonal defects in hereditary spastic paraplegia with human pluripotent stem cells

Cortical motor neurons, also known as upper motor neurons, are large projection neurons whose axons convey signals to lower motor neurons to control the muscle movements. Degeneration of cortical motor neuron axons is implicated in several debilitating disorders including hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Since the discovery of the first HSP gene, SPAST that encodes spastin, over 70 distinct genetic loci associated with HSP have been identified. How the mutations of these functionally diverse genes result in axonal degeneration and why certain axons are affected in HSP remain largely unknown. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers an excellent resource to generate patient-specific human neurons to model human neuropathological processes including axonal defects. In this article, we will first review the pathology and pathways affected in the common forms of HSP subtypes by searching the PubMed database. We will then summarize the findings and insights gained from studies using iPSC-based models, and discuss challenges and future directions. HSPs, a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, exhibit similar pathological changes that result from retrograde axonal degeneration of cortical motor neurons. Recently, iPSCs have been generated from several common forms of HSP including SPG4, SPG3A, and SPG11 patients. Neurons derived from HSP iPSCs exhibit impaired neurite outgrowth, increased axonal swellings, and reduced axonal transport, recapitulating disease-specific axonal defects. These patient-derived neurons offer a unique tool to study the pathogenic mechanisms and explore the treatments for rescuing axonal defects in HSP, as well as other diseases involving axonopathy.
Low Awareness of Occupational Segregation and the Gender Pay Gap: No Changes Over a 16-year Span

Three studies conducted in three different decades (1996, 2007, and 2012) investigated awareness of occupational segregation and the gender pay gap. Participants’ estimates of the percentage of female workers in an occupation and their pay were compared to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data to assess the accuracy of the estimates. The results indicated that although college students were aware of the existence of occupational segregation and the gender pay gap, they were unaware of the magnitude of occupational segregation by gender and substantially underestimated the size of the gender pay gap. Over a 16-year period this low awareness of gender issues in the workplace remained remarkably consistent, which could contribute to complacency about the gender pay gap and thereby maintain the status quo. Study 2 also found that individuals high in modern sexism compared to those low in modern sexism were less aware of the gender pay gap. The implications of low awareness of these gender issues are discussed.
Synchrotron Photoionization Investigation of the Oxidation of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether

The oxidation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), a widely used fuel oxygenated additive, is investigated using Cl atoms as initiators in the presence of oxygen. The reaction is carried out at 293, 550, and 700 K. Reaction products are probed by a multiplexed chemical kinetics photoionization mass spectrometer coupled with the synchrotron radiation produced at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Products are identified on the basis of mass-to-charge ratio, ionization energies, and shape of photoionization spectra. Reaction pathways are proposed together with detected primary products.
Photochemical Generation of Nineteen-Electron Organometallic Complexes and their Use as Reducing Agents in Micellar Systems

We have discovered a new class of organometallic complexes that are very powerful reducing agents. In some cases these reducing agents have oxidation potentials up to ≈ 2 volts (vs NHE). In addition to being quite powerful, the reducing agents are very versatile and they are easy to generate. Their versatility is demonstrated by their ability to reduce a wide variety of complexes, including organics, inorganics, classical coordination complexes, and organometallic species. Furthermore the reduction reactions can be carried out in aqueous or non-aqueous solvents. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of these reducing agents is their ease of generation; these species form simply by irradiating (generally λ > 500 nm) a metalmetal bonded carbonyl dimer in the presence of an appropriate ligand.
INTRA-ARTICULAR DECORIN DOES NOT REDUCE CONTRACTURES, BUT DOES INFLUENCE THE FIBROSIS GENETIC EXPRESSION PROFILE IN A RABBIT MODEL OF JOINT CONTRACTURE

Summary Based upon genetic analysis, decorin is an exciting pharmacologic agent of potential anti-fibrogenic effect on arthrofibrosis in our animal model. Introduction While the pathophysiology of arthrofibrosis is not fully understood, some anti-fibrotic molecules such as decorin could potentially be used for the prevention or treatment of joint stiffness. The goal of this study was to determine whether intra-articular administration of decorin influences the expression of genes involved in the fibrotic cascade ultimately leading to less contracture in an animal model. Material and Methods Eighteen rabbits had their right knees operated on to form contractures. The left knees served as controls. The 6 right limbs in the experimental group (Group 1) received four 500 ug/ml intra-articular injections of decorin over 8 days starting at 8 week, for a total of 2 mg. The 6 right limbs in the first control group (Group 2) received four intra-articular injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) over 8 days starting at 8 weeks as well. The 6 six right limbs in the second control group (Group 3) received no injections. The contracted limbs of rabbits in Group 1 were biomechanically and genetically compared to the contracted limbs of rabbits in Groups 2 and 3 with the use of a calibrated joint measuring device and custom microarray, respectively. Results There was no statistical difference in the flexion contracture angles between those right limbs that received intra-articular decorin versus those that received intra-articular BSA (66° vs. 69°; p = 0.41). Likewise, there was no statistical difference between those right limbs that received intra-articular decorin as opposed to those who had no injection (66° vs. 72°; p = 0.27). The lack of significance remained when the control left limbs were taken into account (p > 0.40). When compared to bovine serum albumin (BSA), decorin led to a statistically significant increase in the mRNA expression of 5 genes: substance P, neuropeptide γ, and neurokinin A, cyclin E2, and MMP-9 (p Conclusions In this model, when administered intra-articularly at 8 weeks, 2 mg of decorin had no significant effect on joint contractures. However, our genetic analysis revealed a significant alteration in the expression of several fibrotic genes. Further studies investigating the route of administration, dosing, frequency, and timing are required before definitive conclusions may be drawn on the effects of decorin on joint contractures.
Orexin/Hypocretin and Opioid Dependence

The ORX/HCRT/hypocretin (ORX/HCRT) neuropeptides are regulators of neuronal function and animal behavior. While their function in sleep and regulation of arousal is well studied, the broad projection patterns of the ORX/HCRT neurons suggest that the peptides have the potential to modulate diverse sets of behavior. Moreover, the expression of ORX/HCRT in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is an indication that the neuropeptide may have an important role in a modulating a broad set of motivated behaviors. Many studies have suggested that the LH is a powerful brain center that has influence over an array of behavioral outputs. In this chapter, data is presented suggesting a role for ORX/HCRT in opioid dependence. These studies paint a more complete picture of the function of ORX/HCRT and may provide additional targets for therapeutic manipulation of drug dependence.
Liberal Arts and Engineering

Much has been written about liberal arts education over the past two centuries (or perhaps even two millennia). And what constitutes the liberal arts has changed over time. Why have so few liberal arts colleges adopted engineering as one of the liberal arts that its students may pursue and its faculty engage in their scholarship? Is engineering a liberal art? Can it be studied as a liberal art?
The risk of intracranial saccular aneurysm enlargement determined by serial MR Angiography

106 Background and Purpose: To determine the frequency of unruptured intracranial aneurysm enlargement using serial MR angiography, and to determine if there are factors predicting change in aneurysm size. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MR angiography studies performed between January 1991 and December 1999. Fifty-seven patients had 62 unruptured, untreated saccular aneurysms. The ratio of females to males was 2.6: 1. An average of 3 measurements of the maximal dimension as measured on source images was defined as the aneurysm size. Both the mean and median aneurysm diameter was 5 mm (range 2–15 mm). An aneurysm was defined to have enlarged if it increased in size by more than 1 mm when the size of the aneurysm was less than 5 mm and more than 2 mm when the aneurysm was equal to or larger than 5 mm. The mean and median time between studies was 50 months and 47 months respectively, with a range of 17–90 months. Results: No aneurysm ruptured during the period of follow-up. Four (7%) of the aneurysms increased in size with the median time to aneurysm growth of 40 months (range 23–66 months). None of the aneurysms less than 9 mm diameter increased in size. Four of the 9 aneurysms (44%) 9 mm or larger increased in size. Factors which predicted aneurysm growth includes size (p = 0.002), and multiple lobes or daughter sacs (p = 0.02). Aneurysm location did not predict an increased risk of enlargement. Conclusions: Patients with medium or large size aneurysms and multiple lobes or daughter sacs may be at increased risk for aneurysm growth and should be considered for follow up imaging if left untreated.
Leveraging Hardware Caches for Memoization

Memoization improves performance and saves energy by caching and reusing the outputs of repetitive computations. Prior work has proposed software and hardware memoization techniques, but both have significant drawbacks. Software memoization suffers from high runtime overheads, and is thus limited to long computations. Conventional hardware memoization techniques achieve low overheads and can memoize short functions, but they rely on large, special-purpose memoization caches that waste significant area and energy. We propose MCache , a hardware technique that leverages data caches for memoization. MCache stores memoization tables in memory, and allows them to share cache capacity with normal program data. MCache introduces ISA and pipeline extensions to accelerate memoization operations, bridging the gap between software and conventional hardware techniques. Simulation results show that MCache improves performance by up to $21\times$ , outperforms software memoization by up to $2.2\times$ , and achieves similar or superior performance over conventional hardware techniques without any dedicated storage.
M344 promotes nonamyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing while normalizing Alzheimer's disease genes and improving memory

Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises multifactorial ailments for which current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient to broadly address the underlying pathophysiology. Epigenetic gene regulation relies upon multifactorial processes that regulate multiple gene and protein pathways, including those involved in AD. We therefore took an epigenetic approach where a single drug would simultaneously affect the expression of a number of defined AD-related targets. We show that the small-molecule histone deacetylase inhibitor M344 reduces beta-amyloid (Aβ), reduces tau Ser396 phosphorylation, and decreases both β-secretase (BACE) and APOEe4 gene expression. M344 increases the expression of AD-relevant genes: BDNF, α-secretase (ADAM10), MINT2, FE65, REST, SIRT1, BIN1, and ABCA7, among others. M344 increases sAPPα and CTFα APP metabolite production, both cleavage products of ADAM10, concordant with increased ADAM10 gene expression. M344 also increases levels of immature APP, supporting an effect on APP trafficking, concurrent with the observed increase in MINT2 and FE65, both shown to increase immature APP in the early secretory pathway. Chronic i.p. treatment of the triple transgenic (APPsw/PS1M146V/TauP301L) mice with M344, at doses as low as 3 mg/kg, significantly prevented cognitive decline evaluated by Y-maze spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition, and Barnes maze spatial memory tests. M344 displays short brain exposure, indicating that brief pulses of daily drug treatment may be sufficient for long-term efficacy. Together, these data show that M344 normalizes several disparate pathogenic pathways related to AD. M344 therefore serves as an example of how a multitargeting compound could be used to address the polygenic nature of multifactorial diseases.
The Metamorphosis of Prejudice-Based Discourse: Change of Form, Continuity of Being

It has been argued that “old-fashioned” blatantly sexist or racist incivilities have shifted to more benign, nuanced, and veiled forms such as microaggressions and microinvalidations. This chapter argues that there has not been an evolutionary accommodation in aggression, invalidation, or incivility. Rather, the violence that lies at the heart of these behaviors has undergone a reconstruction—a metamorphosis—that results in different observable manifestations of violence, but which leaves the essential substance intact. It is argued that the altered boundaries and ever-present liminality, which are always associated with metamorphoses, have added to the ambiguities, doubt-filled contradictions, and significant harm experienced by both micro-abusers and their targets. As a metamorphosis, rather than as a linear shift, prejudice-based aggression may well continue to change its form and manifestation in the future, but not its substance.
Automatic Generation of Attack Scripts from Attack Graphs

While attack graphs are valuable tools for security analysis, their testing and validation is a time-consuming process. Once validated, the attack graph can be used to generate testing scripts or use-cases for system security testing and validation. Furthermore, simply identifying states where a system is critically compromised can also be lengthy and tedious. Since this process is algorithmic, it can be automated. The automation process can extend to not only identifying the paths to reach a compromised state, but also to generate a script (attack scenario) which can be used to validate the results of the attack graph. This validation system can be further improved by automating the analysis of the result of running this script. These capabilities simplify the system security testing and system validation.
A review of methods for measurement systems capability analysis

We review methods for conducting and analyzing measurement systems capability studies, focusing on the analysis of variance approach. These studies are designed experiments involving crossed and possibly nested factors. The analysis of variance is an attractive method for analyzing the results of these experiments because it permits efficient point and interval estimation of the variance components associated with the sources of variability in the experiment. In this paper we demonstrate computations for the standard two-factor design, describe aspects of designing the experiment, and provide references for situations where the standard two-factor design is not applicable.
A Systems View of Family Interaction and Psychopathology

In this book, we have taken on a challenging task: to examine key links between family organizational and behavioral variables and the major types of psychopathology. Whenever one approaches a subject of such inherent complexity, it is critically important that it be done within the perspective of a clearly articulated theoretical orientation. Otherwise, it is all too easy to become lost in a flood of subjectively powerful data, a victim of empirical speculations.
The grand energy challenge

The biggest challenge facing mankind in the 21st century is arguably a foundational change we have to undertake to the energy infrastructure we have known for over 200 years.
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Judo, and Mixed Martial Arts Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Departments, 2008-2015.

Limited research has systematically examined injuries resulting from Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ), Judo, and mixed martial arts (MMA), especially when compared to more well-known or -established martial arts. These three combative sports differ substantially regarding their rules and techniques. BJJ emphasizes ground positioning and submission, Judo rewards throwing an opponent on their back with submission ending the match, and MMA emphasizes knocking out or forcing the submission of one’s opponent. We examined injuries, among people of any age, experienced from participation in BJJ, Judo, and MMA. We analyzed data from the United States (U.S.) Consumer Product Safety Commission National Electronic Injury Surveillance System to create estimates of injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs). We compared injury profiles between sports, including estimated numbers of injuries, their site, type, and mechanism. Participation in BJJ, Judo, and MMA resulted in an estimated 39,181 injuries presenting to U.S. EDs from 2008 through 2015. Strains and sprains were the most common diagnoses for BJJ and Judo participants, whereas abrasions/contusions were the most commonly diagnosed MMA injury. Being struck resulted in the majority of injuries for all three sports. The head was the most injured body region for BJJ and MMA, whereas the leg was the most injured body region for Judo. Finally, the majority of BJJ and Judo injuries occurred during noncompetitive grappling, whereas most MMA injuries occurred during competition. Our study adds to the limited literature examining injuries from BJJ, Judo, and MMA using data from a probability sample and is an initial step towards understanding the national burden of injury from participation in these sports. Given the quantity and severity of injuries sustained by participants, additional research is needed to assess the riskiness of participation and the effectiveness of interventions, such as improved personal protective gear and mats, as a means to prevent commonly occurring injuries.
Moving the Needle towards Health Equity: A Policy-Driven Transdisciplinary Approach to Address Health Disparities for Vulnerable Communities.

Objectives:Policymakers, health services researchers, community leaders and health care delivery organisations are key stakeholders in addressing economic, environmental, social and systemic barrie...
Toward a low-cost, in-home, telemedicine-enabled assessment of disability in multiple sclerosis:

Background:Remote assessment of neurological disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) could improve access to clinical care and efficiency of clinical research.Objective:To develop and val...
Percutaneous catheter erosion and enteric fistula formation after intervention for perforated appendicitis

A 73-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy presents with vague and diffuse dull abdominal pain associated with diarrhoea for 2 weeks. His symptoms were not associated with nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fevers or chills. Laboratory values were significant for a leucocytosis of 18 K/µL. A CT of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealed a complex, phlegmonous collection in the right lower quadrant measuring 6.5×4×5 cm and associated reactive caecal wall thickening consistent with perforated appendicitis (figure 1A). The patient was started on broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics (Cefepime and Flagyl) and underwent percutaneous drainage with Interventional Radiology where 30 mL of purulent fluid was aspirated and a 12 Fr drainage catheter was left in place. He remained stable post-procedure with resolution of his leucocytosis and was discharged to a skilled nursing facility …
The Diffusion of American Organizational Theory in Postwar Japan

Since the late 1970s, the poor economic performance of Western industrialized nations, contrasted with Japan’s advances in the international arena, has led to a keen interest in Japanese management techniques by practitioners and academics alike. American authors have not failed to highlight the fact that some of the management practices attributed to the Japanese actually originated in the United States. The assumption among many Americans is that, although the quality and cost of our products may not be competitive, we are still “No. 1” in the battle of the intellects, and the Japanese merely copy and adapt our ideas. However, as a few authors have pointed out (Cole, 1985; Hall & Leidecker, 1981), the Japanese transformation of imported ideas concerning management contributes a new quality to theories of organization and cannot be dismissed as mere imitation.
Localization of Free and Bound Metal Species through X-Ray Synchrotron Fluorescence Microscopy in the Rodent Brain and Their Relation to Behavior

Biometals in the brain, such as zinc, copper, and iron, are often discussed in cases of neurological disorders; however, these metals also have important regulatory functions and mediate cell signaling and plasticity. With the use of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, our lab localized total, both bound and free, levels of zinc, copper, and iron in a cross section of one hemisphere of a rat brain, which also showed differing metal distributions in different regions within the hippocampus, the site in the brain known to be crucial for certain types of memory. This review discusses the several roles of these metals in brain regions with an emphasis on hippocampal cell signaling, based on spatial mapping obtained from X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We also discuss the localization of these metals and emphasize different cell types and receptors in regions with metal accumulation, as well as the potential relationship between this physiology and behavior.
Brexit by Toby Haynes: Moral and Ethical Irrelevance and Naïve Expectations

Zooropa better by designZooropa fly the friendly skiesThrough appliance of scienceWe’ve got that ring of confidenceAnd I have no compassAnd I have no mapAnd I have no reasonsNo reasons to get back—...
Medical Therapy Optimization of Advanced Heart Failure in a Cancer Patient: When to Quit?

Introduction In CHF patients, medical therapy optimization (MTO) remains the mainstay of management. However, attaining MTO can be challenging in patients with advanced CHF due to their symptomatic and hemodynamic intolerance. We present a case of a patient with advanced CHF and rectal cancer in whom slowly cautious MTO succeeded in improving cardiac function and candidacy for cancer chemotherapy and surgery. Case A 57-year-old male with a medical history of advanced nonischemic CHF (EF 10-15%), a-fib, and rectal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma stage IIA (diagnosed 1 month ago) with GI bleeding and defecation pain presented with dyspnea on minimal exertion and orthopnea. He also had dizziness with standing due to symptomatic hypotension. SBP was between 100-115 mmHg. MRI pelvis showed T3 rectal mass with no enlargement of lymph nodes. Further imaging showed no distant metastases. Due to his advanced CHF, the patient was considered at high risk for surgery or chemotherapy. Rectal palliative radiation therapy was performed. He agreed on hospice palliative care for symptomatic relief. From Cardiology stand of point, the decision was made to continue MTO aiming for myocardial recovery. Radical adjustment of regimen and initiation of medications at miniscule doses eventually led to myocardial recovery with EF of 51% (figure 1). Patient's SOB and dizziness improved. Cancer progressed to stage IIIb. Due to his improvement, the patient became at lower cardiac risk for other cancer therapy options. As a result, Oncology plan changed to proceed with FOLFOX (5-FU/ Leucovorin/ Oxaliplatin) chemotherapy and surgery. Discussion In our patient, advanced therapy with left ventricular assist device was not possible given his risk of worsening GI bleeding on anticoagulation. Heart transplantation was not an option given the risk of cancer progression on immunosuppressive therapy. In the context of the patient's condition and comorbidities, the best option left was to proceed with cautious MTO with clinical and hemodynamic monitoring. MTO resulted in clinical and cardiac function improvement. This gave the patient the window to become a candidate for other cancer therapy options that were not available for him before. Conclusion Medical therapy optimization in all patients with CHF should always be sought. Despite being challenging under certain circumstances, as seen in our patient, slow and cautious MTO can eventually result in significant improvement in clinical status, cardiac function, and candidacy for other therapy options for other comorbidities.
Money managers' interactions and Bayesian model

The essential incentives for investment portfolio managers are pursing relative outstanding portfolio performance among their peers in order to be rewarded for investment fund inflows. This competition for fund inflows has becomes dynamic games among money managers. This paper accordingly proposes a new strategic asset allocation methodology by considering strategic interactions among portfolio managers with the dynamic consideration of incomplete information. To be specific, we extended the approach of Basak and Makarov (2012) by considering the case that portfolio managers make strategic asset allocation decisions under the situation of incomplete information using the framework of Bayesian (Nash) equilibrium.
Fairly evaluating and scoring items in a data set

We frequently compute a score for each item in a data set, sometimes for its intrinsic value, but more often as a step towards classification, ranking, and so forth. The importance of computing this score fairly cannot be overstated. In this tutorial, we will develop a framework for how to think about this task, and then present techniques for responsible scoring and link these to traditional data management challenges.
Abstract IA09: A phase II trial to promote recovery from COVID-19 with endocrine therapy

Background: Death from COVID-19 disproportionately affects men, with up to 80% of deaths in severe COVID-19 cases being in men. There are a number of potential differences that might contribute to these sex differences. TMPRSS2 is a serine protease that primes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a critical step in viral entry. TMPRSS2 is most highly expressed in the prostate where it is under androgen control, upregulated by testosterone and downregulated by antiandrogens. ACE2, the receptor used for entry into the host cell, is located on the X chromosome and may also have levels that are altered by hormones, with estradiol downregulating its expression. Previous research on acute lung injury demonstrated that estradiol seems to have beneficial effects on repair of lung injury. Therefore, our central hypothesis is that hormones may partially contribute to the gender disparity seen in COVID-19 patients, with high levels of testosterone being harmful and high levels of estrogen being helpful. Bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that inhibits the action of androgens and, via feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, upregulates estradiol. We are conducting a phase II clinical trial to determine if bicalutamide improves the percentage of COVID+ patients with clinical improvement by 7 days. Methods: We will enroll 40 patients who are hospitalized for COVID-19 with minimal respiratory symptoms (respiratory rate Citation Format: Catherine H. Marshall, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Hao Wang, Jennifer Durham, Ting Wang, Rachel Damico, Franco R. D9Alessio, Venkataramana K. Sidhaye, Andrew Pekosz, Joseph L. Mankowski, Sabra L. Klein, Sumati Murli, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Samuel R. Denmeade. A phase II trial to promote recovery from COVID-19 with endocrine therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Equivalent Definitions of the Mie-Gruneisen form

We define the Mie-Gruneisen form in five different ways, then demonstrate their equivalence.
Clinical Decision Support in Cardiovascular Medicine: Effectiveness, Implementation Barriers, and Regulation

Abstract Despite considerable progress in addressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the past 50 years, there remain many gaps in CVD care quality. Multiple missed opportunities have been identified at every step in the prevention and treatment of CVD, such as failure to make risk factor modifications, failure to diagnose CVD, and failure to use proper evidence-based treatments. With the digital transformation of medicine and advances in health information technology, clinical decision support (CDS) tools offer promise to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of cardiovascular care delivery. Yet, to date, the promise of CDS delivering scalable and sustained value for patient care in clinical practice has not been realized. Here, we review evidence on key emerging questions around the development, implementation, and regulation of CDS with a focus on CVD. We first review evidence on the effectiveness of CDS on patient health and health delivery outcomes related to CVD and features predictive of effectiveness. We then review the barriers encountered during CDS implementation in cardiovascular care with a focus on unintended consequences and strategies to promote successful implementation. Finally, we review the current legal and regulatory environment of CDS with specific examples for CVD.
New Destinations and the Changing Geography of Immigrant Incorporation.

While nearly three decades of new immigrant destination research has vastly enriched our understanding of diversity in contexts of reception within the United States, there is a striking lack of co...
Designing Stable Finite State Machine Behaviors Using Phase Plane Analysis and Variable Structure Control

This paper discusses how phase plane analysis can be used to describe the overall behavior of single and multiple autonomous robotic vehicles with finite state machine rules. The importance of this result is that we can begin to design provably stable group behaviors from a set of simple control laws and appropriate switching points with decentralized variable structure control. The ability to prove stable group behavior is especially important for applications such as locating military targets or land mines. In this paper, we demonstrate how phase plane analysis has been used to explain the behavior of a 16 cm3 autonomous line-tracking robot with four finite states. After which, the analysis is extended to include the design of a decentralized variable structure controller that guides multiple vehicles to a goal while avoiding each other.
Recruiting students to an undergraduate supply chain management program

This study sought to utilize Six Sigma techniques to guide the design and selection of promotional materials and strategies to attract college students to an undergraduate Supply Chain Management m...
Evaluation of moxifloxacin in canine and non-human primate telemetry assays: Comparison of QTc interval prolongation by timepoint and concentration-QTc analysis.

The in vivo correct QT (QTc) assay is used by the pharmaceutical industry to characterize the potential for delayed ventricular repolarization and is a core safety assay mentioned in International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) S7B guideline. The typical telemetry study involves a dose-response analysis of QTc intervals over time using a crossover (CO) design. This method has proven utility but does not include direct integration of pharmacokinetic (PK) data. An alternative approach has been validated and is used routinely in the clinical setting that pairs pharmacodynamic (PD) responses with PK exposure (e.g., concentration-QTc (C-QTc) analysis. The goal of our paper was to compare the QTc sensitivity of two experimental approaches in the conscious dog and non-human primate (NHP) QTc assays. For timepoint analysis, a conventional design using eight animals (8 × 4 CO) to detect moxifloxacin-induced QTc prolongation was compared to a PK/PD design in a subset (N = 4) of the same animals. The findings demonstrate that both approaches are equally sensitive in detecting threshold QTc prolongation on the order of 10 ms. Both QTc models demonstrated linearity in the QTc prolongation response to moxifloxacin dose escalation (6 to 46 ms). Further, comparison with human QTc findings with moxifloxacin showed agreement and consistent translation across the three species: C-QTc slope values were 0.7- (dog) and 1.2- (NHP) fold of the composite human value. In conclusion, our data show that dog and NHP QTc telemetry with an integrated PK arm (C-QTc) has the potential to supplement clinical evaluation and improve integrated QTc risk assessment.