cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sheath overvoltage characteristics for single-phase ground fault in 220kV power cable

Metal sheaths in high-voltage single-core long cable lines are sometimes cross-bonded to ground at one point which is unconventional in order to control metal sheath circulating current.If the power system short-circuit ground fault occurs,overvoltages are induced in the sheaths ungrounding and the joint of the sheath.This paper analyzes metal sheath overvoltage characteristics of the high-voltage single-core cables when there is a single-phase ground fault;and the effect of phase angle on the metal sheath overvoltage has been analyzed by ATP-EMTP electromagnetic transient analysis software.Finally,the paper studies the reason of cable sheath arresters burning in 220kV cable line in some substation;and some measures are proposed to improve the security and ensure stable operation of the 220kV cable line.
After Detoxification: Levels of Treatment for Alcohol Dependence

Detoxification is just “the tip of the iceberg,” and the postdischarge treatment program is key in determining whether patients will abstain from alcohol.
Low-Phase-Noise 54-GHz Transformer-Coupled Quadrature VCO and 76-/90-GHz VCOs in 65-nm CMOS

This paper presents new circuit topologies and design techniques for low-phase-noise (PN) complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) millimeter-wave quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) and VCOs. A transformer-coupled QVCO topology with extra phase shift is proposed to replace the coupling transistors, which eliminates coupling transistors’ noise, decouples the tradeoff between PN and phase error, and improves the PN performance. This technique is demonstrated in a millimeter-wave QVCO with a measured PN of −119.2 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset of a 56.2-GHz carrier and a tuning range of 9.1%. In addition, an inductive-divider-feedback technique is proposed in an $LC$ VCO design to improve the transconductance linearity, resulting in a larger signal swing and lower PN compared with the conventional $LC$ VCOs. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in a 76- and a 90-GHz VCO design, both fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, with an FOM $_{{\mathrm {T}}}$ of 173.6 and 173.1 dBc/Hz, respectively.
Variation in Sexual Double Standards across Schools: How Do They Matter for Adolescent Sexual Behavior?

The sexual double standard—a condition in which sexual activity is perceived to entail more social benefits for boys and men than for girls and women—has implications for adolescent sexual behavior...
Multigene phylogenetic analysis redefines dung beetles relationships and classification (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Dung beetles (subfamily Scarabaeinae) are popular model organisms in ecology and developmental biology, and for the last two decades they have experienced a systematics renaissance with the adoption of modern phylogenetic approaches. Within this period 16 key phylogenies and numerous additional studies with limited scope have been published, but higher-level relationships of this pivotal group of beetles remain contentious and current classifications contain many unnatural groupings. The present study provides a robust phylogenetic framework and a revised classification of dung beetles. We assembled the so far largest molecular dataset for dung beetles using sequences of 8 gene regions and 547 terminals including the outgroup taxa. This dataset was analyzed using Bayesian, maximum likelihood and parsimony approaches. In order to test the sensitivity of results to different analytical treatments, we evaluated alternative partitioning schemes based on secondary structure, domains and codon position. We assessed substitution models adequacy using Bayesian framework and used these results to exclude partitions where substitution models did not adequately depict the processes that generated the data. We show that exclusion of partitions that failed the model adequacy evaluation has a potential to improve phylogenetic inference, but efficient implementation of this approach on large datasets is problematic and awaits development of new computationally advanced software. In the class Insecta it is uncommon for the results of molecular phylogenetic analysis to lead to substantial changes in classification. However, the results presented here are congruent with recent morphological studies and support the largest change in dung beetle systematics for the last 50 years. Here we propose the revision of the concepts for the tribes Deltochilini (Canthonini), Dichotomiini and Coprini; additionally, we redefine the tribe Sisyphini. We provide and illustrate synapomorphies and diagnostic characters supporting the new concepts to facilitate diagnosability of the redefined tribes. As a result of the proposed changes a large number of genera previously assigned to these tribes are now left outside the redefined tribes and are treated as incertae sedis. The present study redefines dung beetles classification and gives new insight into their phylogeny. It has broad implications for the systematics as well as for various ecological and evolutionary analyses in dung beetles.
Parallel Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods Applied to Coupled Orbit/Attitude Propagation

A variable-step Gauss-Legendre implicit Runge-Kutta (GLIRK) propagator is applied to coupled orbit/attitude propagation. Concepts previously shown to improve efficiency in 3DOF propagation are modified and extended to the 6DOF problem, including the use of variable-fidelity dynamics models. The impact of computing the stage dynamics of a single step in parallel is examined using up to 23 threads and 22 associated GLIRK stages; one thread is reserved for an extra dynamics function evaluation used in the estimation of the local truncation error. Efficiency is found to peak for typical examples when using approximately 8 to 12 stages for both serial and parallel implementations. Accuracy and efficiency compare favorably to explicit Runge-Kutta and linear-multistep solvers for representative scenarios. However, linear-multistep methods are found to be more efficient for some applications, particularly in a serial computing environment, or when parallelism can be applied across multiple trajectories.
The Association between Diffusion MRI-Defined Infarct Volume and NIHSS Score in Patients with Minor Acute Stroke.

BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown a correlation between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke volume on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI); data are more limited in patients with minor stroke. We sought to determine the association between DWI lesion(s) volume and the (1) total NIHSS score and (2) NIHSS component scores in patients with minor stroke. METHODS We included all patients with minor stroke (NIHSS 0-5) enrolled in the Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment study. We calculated lesion(s) volume (cm3 ) on the DWI sequence using Medical Image Processing, Analysis, and Visualization (MIPAV, NIH, Version 7.1.1). We used nonparametric tests to study the association between the primary outcome, DWI lesion(s) volume, and the predictors (NIHSS score and its components). RESULTS We identified 894 patients with a discharge diagnosis of minor stroke; 709 underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 510 were DWI positive. There was a graded relationship between the NIHSS score and median DWI lesion volume in cm3 : (NIHSS 0: 7.1, NIHSS 1: 8.0, NIHSS 2: 17.1, NIHSS 3: 11.6, NIHSS 4: 19.0, and NIHSS 5: 23.6, P < .01). The median lesion volume was significantly higher in patients with neglect (105.6 vs. 12.5, P = .025), language disorder (34.6 vs. 11.9, P < .001), and visual field impairment (185.6 vs. 11.6, P < .001). Other components of the NIHSS were not associated with lesion volume. CONCLUSION In patients with minor stroke, the nature of deficit when used with the NIHSS score can improve prediction of infarct volume. This may have clinical and therapeutic implications.
Discovering Novel Antimicrobial Peptides using High-Throughput Screening in the Presence of Human Erythrocytes

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have long been considered excellent candidates for development as antibiotic agents to combat the threat of drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Yet, the promise AMPs have displayed in the laboratory has not yielded correlative clinical success. We hypothesized that a major reason for the disparity between outcomes at the bench and in the clinic is AMP interaction with and toxicity towards host cells. Here, we validate this theory using human red blood cells as model eukaryotic cells. Indeed, the potency of several well-studied antimicrobial peptides decreases from minimum sterilizing concentrations (MSC) of 1-5 μM to >30 μM in the presence of RBCs at 1x109 cells/ml; equivalent to 20% of the human physiological concentration. To address this issue, we have developed a high-throughput method to screen a combinatorial peptide library for antimicrobial activity in the presence of concentrated human cells. The screen consists of assays that assess the effect of RBCs on antimicrobial activity as well as toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. We present data on peptides identified and characterized from the high-throughput library screen and show that these new peptides were not as effective as they initially appeared during the screen. We demonstrate that the difference between observed and expected results is due to unforeseen proteolytic activity sequestered within the cytosol of the red blood cells. Finally, we show that a library consensus sequence synthesized using all d-amino acids outperforms all library isolates as well as the template sequence in terms of microbicidal activity in the presence of RBCs. Ultimately, our results suggest that combining the power of combinatorial library screening with the nuance of rational sequence engineering is an effective approach to engineering novel antimicrobial peptides that retain activity under physiological conditions.
Effects of experimentally reduced snowpack and passive warming on montane meadow plant phenology and floral resources

Climate change can have a broad range of effects on ecosystems and organisms, and early responses may include shifts in vegetation phenology and productivity that may not coincide with the energetics and forage timing of higher trophic levels. We evaluated phenology, annual height growth, and foliar frost responses of forbs to a factorial experiment of snow removal (SR) and warming in a high-elevation meadow over two years in the Rocky Mountains, United States. Species included arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata, early-season emergence and flowering) and buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum, semi-woody and late-season flowering), key forbs for pollinator and nectar-using animal communities that are widely distributed and locally abundant in western North America. Snow removal exerted stronger effects than did warming, and advanced phenology differently for each species. Specifically, SR advanced green-up by a few days for B. sagittata to >2 wk in E. umbellatum, and led to 5- to 11-d advances in flowering of B. sagittata in one year and advances in bud break in 3 of 4 species/yr combinations. Snow removal increased height of E. umbellatum appreciably (~5 cm added to ~22.8 cm in control), but led to substantial increases in frost damage to flowers of B. sagittata. Whereas warming had no effects on E. umbellatum, it increased heights of B. sagittata by >6 cm (compared to 30.7 cm in control plots) and moreover led to appreciable reductions in frost damage to flowers. These data suggest that timing of snowmelt, which is highly variable from year to year but is advancing in recent decades, has a greater impact on these critical phenological, growth, and floral survival traits and floral/nectar resources than warming per se, although warming mitigated early effects of SR on frost kill of flowers. Given the short growing season of these species, the shifts could cause uncoupling in nectar availability and timing of foraging.
ADHD and Early Experience: Revisiting the Case of Low Birth Weight

* Abbreviations: ADHD — : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder LBW — : low birth weight PM — : premature The improving survival rates of extremely low, very low, and low birth weight (LBW) and premature (PM) infants are good news. Scientifically, they raise complex questions about trends in the incidence of neurodevelopmental conditions,1 from severe injuries like cerebral palsy, now declining after earlier increases in incidence,2 to subtler yet also disabling and costly conditions like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whose true incidence likewise may not have increased in the past 15 years.3 In the accompanying meta-analysis by Franz et al,4 the magnitude of the association of LBW/PM with ADHD is striking; at a risk increase of ∼300%, it is perhaps the strongest single risk factor for ADHD of any type (biological or environmental) now known. At this effect size, LBW/PM would characterize a substantial portion of ADHD cases. Researchers of ADHD populations who can clarify how many patients had LBW/PM, and who can include more in-depth characterization of ADHD than was possible in many of the studies included by Franz et al,4 will help to determine how well these findings generalize across different sampling approaches. LBW is multiply determined, but it also has modest heritability.5 The authors of studies of LBW have rarely if ever … Address correspondence to Joel T. Nigg, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97238. E-mail: niggj{at}ohsu.edu
The Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS): Normative Data

Background:Recent data have shown an increase in youth sports participation at younger ages, which may be linked to greater musculoskeletal injury risk. The Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) is a validated 8-item instrument designed to quantify the activity of children between 10 and 18 years old. Normative data on pediatric and adolescent activity level are unknown.Purpose:To establish normative activity-level data for American youth and to determine if there is a natural decrease in activity level during adolescence.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A cross-sectional investigation was performed among 2002 US children and adolescents equally split by sex and age and representing census-weighted distributions of state of residency, race/ethnicity, and health insurance status. Respondents completed the HSS Pedi-FABS, as well as survey questions on demographics and sports participation. Normative data were reported with desc...
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome complicated by pulmonary fibrosis.

A 45-year-old woman from Puerto Rico presented to the emergency department with progressively worsening dyspnea over a 3- to 4-day period. She had been diagnosed with type 1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome complicated by pulmonary fibrosis 4 years earlier. Previous renal biopsy demonstrated nephrosclerosis secondary to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. A brother also had Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome complicated by pulmonary fibrosis. Despite receiving 6 L of oxygen via nasal cannula at home, her oxygen saturation had fallen to 80% to 85%. She was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit and intubated. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated for a presumptive diagnosis of pneumonia. A chest radiograph obtained at the time of admission showed reticular opacities throughout the bilateral lungs (Figure ​(Figure11). There was no evidence of consolidation. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated extensive subpleural honeycombing, consistent with pulmonary fibrosis (Figures ​(Figures22 and ​and33). Patchy ground-glass opacity was also present bilaterally. The patient had been scheduled for lung and kidney transplant but had fatal cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit and died. Figure 1 Frontal chest radiograph shows bilateral reticular opacities, greater on the left than the right. Figure 2 Axial CT images through the (a) upper lung zones and (b) lower lung zones demonstrate extensive subpleural honeycombing bilaterally, which is more prominent in the lower lung zones. Ground-glass opacity is also present. Figure 3 Coronal CT image shows a greater degree of honeycombing within the peripheral lung than the central lung and within the mid and lower lung zones than the upper lung zones.
A36 Session 10: Adjunctive Therapeutic Approaches: Aquaporins: potential targets to enhance cryoablation

Aquaporins have been implicated in the angiogenesis of cancer cells whereby most cancer cells exhibit an increase in aquaporins. There is recent research activity to suggest that employing aquaporin channel blockers can slow the progress of cancer angiogenesis. A recent study by our group showed that increasing the number of aquaporin at the cell surface improved viability of the cells following a cryopreservation protocol. The thinking behind this study was that increasing the availability of aquaporins would improve water movement during freezing thus reducing the availability of water for intracellular ice formation leading to improved viability. In effect, the study attempted to manipulate and broaden the inverse–U curve of cell survival. Conversely, to enhance the effect of cryosurgery this group attempted to flatten the inverse–U curve by blocking the aquaporins with mercuric chloride ( HgCl 2 ) . By preventing water movement during freezing, the cells would exhibit higher incidence of intracellular formation and thus increase cell death. The goal of this study was to determine whether blocking aquaporins would lead to increased cell death at slower freezing rates and higher end temperatures which are typically seen at the boundary of the ice ball toward the end of a cryosurgical procedure. Preliminary experiments at a freezing rate of 1 °C/min and a holding temperature of −10 °C or −20 °C for 1, 5, and 15 min show that HgCl 2 treated cells had significant increase in cell death after thawing and 24 h incubation. Although much more studies needs to be conducted, this approach may prove to enhance the effectiveness in treating cancer with cryosurgery.
Microstructural Rayleigh Wave Dispersion on a Fluid-Coupled Anisotropic Surface with Vertical Lamination

In a recent paper Nayfeh et al. [1] presented theoretical and experimental results for the propagation of longitudinal waves in a composite whose microstructure was large enough to cause observable velocity dispersion. Only wave propagation along the fiber axis of a uniaxial laminate was considered. A reflection coefficient was also derived for the case of normal incidence and parallel to the fibers. For ultrasonic inspection applications, what is required is the ability to analyze situations in which the wave is incident at arbitrary angles. Analysis of such general situations are, however, difficult to treat. A relatively simpler two-dimensional composite, which has been analyzed for an off-normal incident angle [2], consists of a bilaminated model with layers bonded and stacked normal to the x3-direction. The structure occupies the half-space x2 ≥ 0 as illustrated in Fig. 1. The composite is immersed in water such that the x2-direction is normal to the fluid-composite interface and the wave is incident from the fluid in the x1-x2 plane. For this model the reflection coefficient and the characteristic equation for the propagation of fluid-composite interfacial waves was calculated. The results reported in [2] are also restricted such that the individual composite components are isotropic.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Bladder and Pelvic Disorders

Botulinum toxins blocks the release of neurotransmitters at nerve-muscle junction. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that convey the electrical message of the nerve to the muscle and activate the muscle. In human, the main neurotransmitter of nerve-muscle junction is acetylcholine that activates all skeletal muscles as well as visceral muscles such as those present in the bladder. Clinical research and experience over the past 15 years have proved the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection into the bladder wall in improving bladder overactivity problems. Botulinum toxins are also effective in relieving pelvic pain in both genders due to their blocking effect on pain neurotransmitters.
The United Farm Workers Union and the Use of the Boycott Against American Agribusiness

This chapter addresses how agricultural laborers in the civil rights-era United States organized—under the United Farm Workers (UFW) union—successful national consumer boycotts of grapes and lettuce. Alongside labor strikes, these boycotts helped agricultural workers make advances in their rights and conditions of work. The UFW campaigns remain significant in the histories of US Latinos, labor, and global boycotts for their strategic use of civil rights and family-centered rhetoric to galvanize support from food shoppers, for remaining flexible enough to embrace a diverse range of allies, and for bringing the US agricultural industry to the negotiating table in a way that Americans had never seen before, and have not seen since.
High electric field measurement with slab coupled optical sensors using nonlinear calibration

We describe the application of SCOS technology in non-intrusive, directional and spatially localized measurements of high electric fields. When measuring electric fields above a certain threshold, SCOS measurement sensitivity starts varying to a great extent and the linear approximation that assumes sensitivity to be constant breaks down. This means that a comprehensive nonlinear calibration method is required for accurate calibration of both low and high electric fields, while linear calibration can only be accurately applied for low fields. Nonlinear calibration method relies on the knowledge of the variability of sensitivity, while linear calibration relies on approximation of sensitivity with a constant value, which breaks down for high fields. We analyze and compare the two calibration methods by applying them to a same set of measurements. We measure electric field pulses with magnitudes from 1 MV/m to 8.2 MV/m, with sub-300 ns rise time and fall-off time constant of 60 μs. We show that the nonlinear calibration very accurately predicts all measured fields, both high and low, while the linear calibration becomes increasingly inaccurate for fields above 1 MV/m.
Reconstructive operations for enteric and colonic fistulas: Low mortality and recurrence in a single-surgeon series with long follow-up.

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of 100 consecutive patients undergoing reconstructive operation for enteric and colonic fistulas. These fistulas cause dramatic morbidity and profoundly diminish quality of life. Fistula takedown has been associated with high rates of recurrence. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing definitive fistula reconstruction by a single surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. Major adverse outcomes included bowel leak, fistula recurrence, death, total parenteral nutrition dependence, and incidence of new stomas. Results Among the 100 patients, median follow-up was 2.7 years. A total of 11 patients had postoperative leaks that evolved to 5 fistula recurrences. Of these patients 3 underwent successful secondary or tertiary takedown. The 30-day mortality rate was 1%, and the combined postoperative and fistula-related mortality rate at follow-up was 3%. New postoperative total parenteral nutrition dependence occurred in 2 patients (2%), and 9 (9%) had placement of a new stoma. Leaks were more frequent for patients who had a history of open abdomen than for patients who did not. Conclusions With minimal patient selection and a methodic approach to evaluation and management, we achieved a 96% fistula-free survival rate. Few patients acquired new total parenteral nutrition dependence or a new stoma. These results compare favorably with outcomes published elsewhere.
The Early Roman Expansion into Italy: Elite Negotiation and Family Agendas

This book presents a radical new interpretation of Roman expansion in Italy during the fourth and third centuries BCE. Nicola Terrenato argues that the process was accomplished by means of a grand bargain that was negotiated between the landed elites of central and southern Italy, while military conquest played a much smaller role than is usually envisaged. Deploying archaeological, epigraphic, and historical evidence, he paints a picture of the family interactions that tied together both Roman and non-Roman aristocrats and that resulted in their pooling power and resources for the creation of a new political entity. The book is written in accessible language, without technical terms or quotations in Latin, and is heavily illustrated.
Arguing from Spectroscopic Evidence

Constructing and critiquing evidence-based claims is centrally important to aspiring medical professionals and to scientists more generally. Accordingly, The National Academy of Science’s Framework...
A New Era of Congressional Budgeting

Voters and politicians in the past have demanded some level of control over the deficit when it reaches a high-water mark if, for no other reason, to achieve some level of symbolic victory over the federal debt. However, the last forty years of history demonstrates how difficult it has become to reduce the deficit even during periods of economic growth. Presidents have commonly sought to stimulate the economy while the economy was growing only to be pulled back by a Congress controlled by the opposing party. However, when both Congress and the White House are controlled by the same party, fiscal tightening is mostly shelved. The Clinton era is the only recent connection with the neo-Keynesian budget policies of the post-World War II period.
Sedimentary Minerals under Reducing Conditions

Professor Oparin, in his classical publication in 1924 (1), was the first to emphasize that the primitive atmosphere of the Earth was reducing and that this has important consequences for studies of the origins of life. His proposal that organic compounds were synthesized in a reducing atmosphere provided the conceptual framework for the burst of activity in the field of experimental prebiotic chemistry that was initiated by Urey and Miller (2). It is now widely believed that prebiotic synthesis occurred in a reducing or, at least, a nonoxidizing atmosphere. However, very little has been written about the implications of Oparin’s proposal for the discussion of the inorganic chemistry of the prebiotic Earth. Here we indicate some ways in which the inorganic chemistry of oceans and lakes on the primitive Earth is likely to have differed from the chemistry with which we are now familiar.
Jessica Fay, Wordsworth’s Monastic Inheritance: Poetry, Place, and the Sense of Community

Review by Adam Potkay (The College of William & Mary) of Jessica Fay, Wordsworth’s Monastic Inheritance: Poetry, Place, and the Sense of Community . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. 238. £60. ISBN 9780198816201.
Substance use disorders in the elderly

Abstract Scientific research, the media, and society have made substantial progress over the last 20 years in recognizing and understanding the significant substance use disorder (SUD) problem in older adults. While evidence has long indicated that there are specific age-related issues with regards to substance abuse, the last 20 years have provided a vast amount of new knowledge about the elderly and SUDs. In this chapter, we present an updated review of geriatric SUDs with a focus on alcohol use disorder and on prescription psychoactive drug use disorder, providing epidemiology, assessment and management, and disorder-specific information.
Identification of microbial interaction network: zero-inflated latent Ising model based approach.

Throughout their lifespans, humans continually interact with the microbial world, including those organisms which live in and on the human body. Research in this domain has revealed the extensive links between the human-associated microbiota and health. In particular, the microbiota of the human gut plays essential roles in digestion, nutrient metabolism, immune maturation and homeostasis, neurological signaling, and endocrine regulation. Microbial interaction networks are frequently estimated from data and are an indispensable tool for representing and understanding the conditional correlation between the microbes. In this high-dimensional setting, zero-inflation and unit-sum constraint for relative abundance data pose challenges to the reliable estimation of microbial interaction networks. To identify the microbial interaction network, the zero-inflated latent Ising (ZILI) model is proposed which assumes the distribution of relative abundance relies only on finite latent states and provides a novel way to solve issues induced by the unit-sum and zero-inflation constrains. A two-step algorithm is proposed for the model selection of ZILI. ZILI is evaluated through simulated data and subsequently applied to an infant gut microbiota dataset from New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. The results are compared with results from Gaussian graphical model (GGM) and dichotomous Ising model (DIS). Providing ZILI is the true data-generating model, the simulation studies show that the two-step algorithm can identify the graphical structure effectively and is robust to a range of parameter settings. For the infant gut microbiota dataset, the final estimated networks from GGM and ZILI turn out to have significant overlap in which the ZILI tends to select the sparser network than those from GGM. From the shared subnetwork, a hub taxon Lachnospiraceae is identified whose involvement in human disease development has been discovered recently in literature. Constrains induced by relative abundance of microbiota such as zero inflation and unit sum render the conditional correlation analysis unreliable for conventional methods such as GGM. The proposed optimal categoricalization based ZILI model provides an alternative yet elegant way to deal with these difficulties. The results from ZILI have reasonable biological interpretation. This model can also be used to study the microbial interaction in other body parts.
Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems with Echelon-use Power Battery

With the booming development of electric vehicles, the number of retired power batteries increases year by year. Thus, the echelon-use battery becomes the focus of research. Echelon-use battery can be applied to battery energy storage system (BESS) in power grid, but its energy management strategy (EMS) should be different from ordinary battery. Based on the status of health (SOH) of echelon-use battery, an EMS of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) considering echelon-use battery is proposed in this paper. According to the SOH of each battery pack, the EMS can allocate the power according to the SOH of each battery packs, to make the echelon-use battery play the appropriate performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.
Give Us More Credit! Recommendations for Young and Adult Researchers on Conducting Adolescent-Led Research

Youth participatory action research, child-led research, and child-led activism are being increasingly employed to counter adultism in social work and development contexts, in a way to break down barriers for young people to have their voices heard on issues and decisions about their lives. This commentary comprises 2 open letters from a young researcher and advocate for children’s well-being and rights in Romania. The first letter is addressed to fellow young people and shares the journey of learning about and subsequently researching the issue of sexual violence, as well as a call to young people to stand up and use their voice to bring attention to issues important to them. The fear and anxiety of doing something new, that is usually in an adult space, cedes to empowerment and confidence found through the process. The second letter is addressed to adult researchers and practitioners and shares the methodology and findings of the child-led research project, lessons learned, and recommendations for adults engaging in child-led research. A key recommendation is for adults to support child researchers without manipulating the process, and to give young people more credit in commonly adult-held spaces.
Refractory Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformation in Infants Treated With Sirolimus: A Case Series.

Background: Extensive and complex head and neck lymphatic malformations (LMs) are challenging to manage through traditional therapy. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in infants with refractory head and neck LM. Methods: Sirolimus was administered orally on a continuous dosing schedule. Patients were seen every month for the first three months and then subsequently every three months. The primary endpoints were safety and efficacy based on clinical and radiological evaluations. Results: Eight patients, refractory to standard care, were enrolled and received sirolimus continuously. After 12 months of follow-up, the response and safety to medication was evaluated: all patients experienced reductions in LM bulk, ranging from modest to significant. Some minor adverse effects were reported: mouth sores, eczema, gastrointestinal reaction, dyslipidemia, and neutropenia. Conclusion: Sirolimus was efficient in children with refractory head and neck LM and was well tolerated. Long-term follow-up, durability of response, and coordination of sirolimus prior to procedural therapies need further study.
Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine: Update on Cardiac Transplantation.

Advanced heart failure affects more than 250,000 people in the United States alone and is associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. Cardiac transplantation provides a cure for patients with advanced disease but has historically been limited by donor availability. Recent changes in the allocation system as well as advances in donor selection, procurement and desensitization protocols have served to widen the donor pool and increase the availability of cardiac transplantation for those in need. This review provides an update on recent advances in cardiac transplantation.
Methods in sporulation and germination of yeasts.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods in sporulation and germination of yeasts. Sporulation of yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe provides an attractive system for the study of unicellular differentiation, especially the processes of meiosis and genetic recombination. Yeasts are easily cultured, sporulated, and germinated and are quite amenable to genetic analysis. Sporulation occurs when cells preadapted to oxidative growth are incubated in a medium such as 1% potassium acetate in the absence of a nitrogen source. Sporulation occurs in diploids or cells of higher ploidy that carry both a- and α-mating type alleles, diploids of genotype a/a or α/α do not sporulate. Sporulation is distinctly different from the vegetative cell cycle, as the conditions that support vegetative growth do not support sporulation of strains of S. cerevisiae. Sporulation occurs under pseudostarvation conditions in which the cells do not proliferate. During sporulation, cells undergo meiosis rather than mitosis and yield four haploid genetic complements enclosed in four refractile spores within an ascus. The chapter identifies areas toward which major attention has been directed in study of sporulation and germination. Identification of stages during sporulation is described and isolation of mutants specific for sporulation is explained. Methods for measuring germination and outgrowth are also described in the chapter.
Dynamic default mode network connectivity diminished in patients with schizophrenia

Recent works have shown that, even in resting state, functional networks undergo dynamic changes over short time. In this study, we describe an approach to assess the difference in default mode network (DMN) dynamics between healthy controls (HC) and schizophrenia patients (SZ) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Firstly, dynamic DMN was computed using a sliding time window method. Then, stability of the dynamic DMN evaluated using the spectrum of time-varying functional connectivity was compared between HC and SZ. Subsequently, the overall functional connectivity pattern and dynamic graph measures were also investigated for both groups. Results show that dynamic DMN of HC had more stable and stronger functional connectivity than that of SZ. Regarding to dynamic graph measures, SZ had lower connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency than HC. The findings suggest that dynamic functional network analysis is a promising technique for understanding schizophrenia.
Relation of Kinesthetic Perception to Motor Learning

Abstract In this investigation, 115 college women were tested on 12 positional measures of kinesthesia. Each woman was classified as a fast or slow learner on the basis of the improvement shown during 24 class periods of bowling. Differences between the mean kinesthetic scores were tested for the fast and slow learning groups and for the entire group between preferred and non-preferred arms. The results of the study indicate that: (1) There is a relationship between motor learning and positional measures of kinesthesis; (2) The kinesthetic sense is more important in the early stages of learning a motor skill than in the later stages; (3) There are real differences between the preferred and non-preferred arms in kinesthetic perceptivity.
A conceptual model of water yield effects from beetle-induced tree death in snow-dominated lodgepole pine forests

In regions of western North America with snow-dominated hydrology, the presence of forested watersheds can significantly influence streamflow compared to areas with other vegetation cover types. Widespread tree death in these watersheds can thus dramatically alter many ecohydrologic processes including transpiration, canopy solar transmission and snow interception, subcanopy wind regimes, soil infiltration, forest energy storage and snow surface albedo. One of the more important causes of conifer tree death is bark beetle infestation, which in some instances will kill nearly all of the canopy trees within forest stands. Since 1996, an ongoing outbreak of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) has caused widespread mortality across more than 600,000 km2 of coniferous forests in western North America, including numerous Rocky Mountain headwaters catchments with high rates of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) mortality from mountain pin beetle (Dendroctonous ponderosae) infestations. Few empirical studies have documented the effects of MPB infestations on hydrologic processes, and little is known about the direction and magnitude of changes in water yield and timing of runoff due to insect-induced tree death. Here, we review and synthesize existing research and provide new results quantifying the effects of beetle infestations on canopy structure, snow interception and transmission to create a conceptual model of the hydrologic effects of MPB-induced lodgepole pine death during different stages of mortality. We identify the primary hydrologic processes operating in living forest stands, stands in multiple stages of death and long-dead stands undergoing regeneration and estimate the direction of change in new water yield. This conceptual model is intended to identify avenues for future research efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral mandibulectomy and double barrel fibular flap reconstruction

Keywords: Mandibular reconstruction; oral cavity; double barrel fibular flap; transoral; quality of life
Effect of repeated tracheostomy tube reprocessing on biofilm formation

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the effect of repeated reprocessing of pediatric tracheostomy tubes (TTs) on biofilm formation. Study Design In vitro microbiological study. Methods Pediatric, uncuffed, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) TTs from two different manufacturers (Tracoe Mini and Shiley) were reprocessed mechanically with household detergent and soaked in sodium hypochlorite (bleach). Two TTs of each brand were reprocessed 0 (control), 10, or 20 times. Twenty 2-mm coupons were then obtained from each TT, immersed in human mucus, and cultured with either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation was evaluated with bacterial counts. Results Bacterial counts of S. aureus for both brands were significantly higher on the TTs that were reprocessed 20 times compared to those that were not reprocessed (Tracoe: P = .040, Shiley: P < .0001) or those that were reprocessed 10 times (Tracoe: P = .022, Shiley: P = .0002). There was no difference between controls and TTs reprocessed 10 times (Tracoe: P = .76, Shiley: P = .24). P. aeuruginosa counts were not significantly different among the varying numbers of reprocessing cycles for either Tracoe or Shiley TTs (P = .08 and P = .97, respectively). Conclusions Repeated reprocessing of PVC TTs with detergent and bleach paradoxically promotes S. aureus biofilm development, possibly due to degradation of the tube surface that facilitates bacterial attachment. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal technique and limits of reprocessing TTs in clinical practice. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2015
Replica exchange with dynamical scaling

A replica exchange method is presented which requires fewer replicas and is designed to be used for large systems. In this method, dynamically scaled replicas are placed between conventional replicas at broadly spaced temperatures. The potential of the scaled replicas is linearly scaled by a dynamical variable which varies between 0 and 1. When the variable is near either end point the replica can undergo exchanges with one of its neighboring replicas. Two different versions of the method are presented for a model system of a small peptide in water. The scaled replica can replace many replicas and the method can be up to ten times more efficient than conventional replica exchange.
The implementation of service-learning in graduate instructional design coursework

This paper describes the design of service-learning experiences with a graduate-level instructional design course. Service-learning provides students with real-life experiences in a situated-learning environment. Students were tasked with working on an instructional design project in a real-world setting to gain consultative experience. This paper discusses instructional design considerations for instructors interested in coordinating service-learning activities as a coursework requirement.
A nondestructive fast beam profile monitor

Abstract A nondestructive beam profile monitor has been built and installed in the Fermilab booster synchrotron. The detector collects and amplifies the signal from the residual vacuum gas ions created by the passage of the beam. The new feature of this detector is the fast electronics used to amplify and record the signal. It is now possible to observe fast transverse beam dynamics on a timescale of one orbit. The design and performance of the profile monitor are described.
Standard state thermodynamic properties of aqueous sodium chloride using high dilution calorimetry at extreme temperatures and pressures.

In this communication, we report the first calorimetric data for the standard state enthalpies of a solution of sodium chloride obtained from high dilution, down to (10−3 m), integral heats of solution measurements to 596.30 K. Although there are no comparable thermodynamic data available at such high dilutions in the literature, the present results for NaCl(aq) can be used for many thermodynamic studies by others to achieve a complete thermodynamic description of this key electrolyte over very wide ranges of concentration. From the recently developed unified theory of electrolytes, the experimental data from this study were used to predict Gibbs free energies of hydration of sodium chloride up to 1100 K. These Gibbs free energies of hydration at different pressures and densities compare well with reported values obtained from ab initio calculations by others.
Role of percutaneous cryoablation in management of recurrent mesothelioma following lung sparing pleurectomy and decortications

Purpose Local recurrence rate is high for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) undergone lung surgery. To assess the morbidity and efficacy of outpatient CT-guided percutaneous Cryoablation (PCT) in the control of localized recurrence in this group. Materials and Methods Following IRB approval, retrospective review of our thoracic surgery databases for patients who have one or more PCT treatments for localized recurrence of malignant pleural mesothelioma following lung sparing surgery were performed. Various analysis addressing technical aspects of PCT and survival were obtained. Results By December 2011, 24 patients were identified whom underwent treatment of a total of 107 lesions. Mean patient age was 63.5 years. 13/24 (54.2%) male and 11/21 (45.8%) female. Histologies were epithelioid predominant 17/24 (70.8%), mixed 3/24 (12.5%), and sarcomatoid in 1/24 (4.2%). 22/24 patients (91.7%) had detailed follow-up. Median disease-free interval following surgery was 24.5 months. 19/24 patients (79.2%) underwent multiple PCT with a mean of 4.25 (range 1-25; median=3) lesions/patient. Lesions measured a mean of 32.5 mm (range 9-113; median=30) by 18.0 mm (range 6-60; median 17) in diameter. Each lesion treated with a median of 2 probes (range 1-4) and median of 3 freeze-thaw cycles (range 2-4). Mean max freeze time was 9.68 min (range 7-10; median=10) with a mean total freeze time of 24.2 min/lesion (range 18-40; median=22). The mean max thaw time between freeze cycles was 6.7 min (range 2-10; median=8). The edge of ice ball beyond tumor was mean 6.58 mm (range 0-12.6; median=6.3). All patients were treated as outpatients without hospital admission, and low procedural morbidity (6/107 =5.6%). 102/107 cryoablated lesions (95.3%) were completely controlled following a single PCT as measured by serial PET scans. Following the 1st PCT median survival was 11.4 months. Overall median survival with this strategy was 36.1 months. Conclusion Percutaneous cryoablation (PCT) of localized malignant pleural mesothelioma recurrences following surgery can be performed safely as an outpatient procedure with minimal morbidity (5.6%), a very high efficacy rate (95.3%), and an improved overall survival (36.1 mos).
A hydrodynamic transport model and its applications in semiconductor device simulation

Abstract In this paper, a generalized hydrodynamic model that includes four conservation equations for a general, position-dependent energy band structure and effective mass is presented. An analytical mobility model is extended to simulate two-valley semiconductor devices. A semiconductor device simulation package, DYNA, is introduced. Simulation results for both bulk materials and submicron-gate GaAs MESFETs show good agreement with experimental data and Monte Carlo device simulation results.
Characterization of cDNA microarrays fabricated using thermal ink jets

Thermal ink jets (TIJ) have been used as a micro-delivery system for the deposition of cDNAs onto modified glass supports. We have modified TIJ heads and firing electronics, designed for the printing of ink, to form the core of a micro deposition system that efficiently, reliably and accurately deposits large numbers of cDNAs into tightly packed arrays. Data will be presented demonstrating that these arrays, generated by the TIJ process, generally perform similarly to arrays generated using conventional pen technology but offer advantages in feature quality, control of spot size and large-scale manufacturing. Quality assurance data from the drop detect and inspection systems used to qualify production runs will be presented as well as results from experiments using multiple TIJ fires to produce variable feature sizes. Lower limit of detection and two-colour competitive hybridization data collected from a new high-speed, high depth of field, autofocus scanner (under development) will also be presented.