cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PATH (Project For Active Teaching Of History): A History Education Community Partnership

The Project for Active Teaching of History (PATH) is designed as a history education community collaborative to enhance the teaching and learning of American history. This paper will provide research findings, critical analysis, and application ideas and issues regarding PATH. The research perspectives focus on achievement of project goals and objectives in the areas of “powerful” teaching and learning and professional development and will focus on case studies regarding the project’s success in improving American history teaching and learning. PATH integrates summer seminars, colloquia, online support, project development, and various outreach projects. A second component, ePATH (electronic Project for the Active Teaching of History), has been established to provide statewide outreach through videoconferencing and additional online support.
Abstract 19572: Obese Female Patients Have Higher Rates of Lead Dislodgement After ICD or CRT-D Implantation

Background: While there is significant data available regarding the effects of gender and obesity in cardiovascular disease, research focusing on defibrillators has been limited. Obese patients (pts) are considered at higher risk for complications of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). However, no study has been published regarding the relationship between gender, obesity and risk of CIEDs implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate complications of defibrillator implantation (ICD and CRT-D) and their rationship to gender and body mass index (BMI). Methods: We analyzed all complications related to ICD or CRT-D implantation from 2005 to 2012 at University of California San Diego Health System. Only ICD or CRT-D implants with a new lead were included in the analysis. Four hundred twenty nine consecutive pts were included. We divided these 429 pts into 4 groups based on gender and BMI (Group1=Male, BMI≥30, Group 2=Male, BMI Results: During 26.8±23.7 months follow-up, complications were observed in 75 patients (17.5 %). Lead dislodgement (32 patients), diaphragmatic pacing (9 patients), pocket hematoma or bleeding (8 patients), infection (8 patients) and pneumothorax (6 patients) accounted for >80% of all complications. Fifty-four of these 75 pts needed additional surgical procedures or eariler generator exchange. No significant differences were observed in overall complication rates among the 4 groups (15.6%, 16.1%, 24.6% and 31.3%). However, lead dislodgement occurred at a significantly higher rate (p Conclusions: In our retrospective, single-center study there was a higher risk of lead dislodgement in obese female pts undergoing ICD or CRT-D implantation. Careful attention to lead and device anchoring, particularly with larger cardiac devices, may be more important in this group of pts to avoid lead dislodgement.
Mcdonald'S: The Hamburger Price Wars

McDonald's executives announce plans to launch a dollar menu in the fall of 2002. This case asks students to evaluate the potential impact of the new menu on restaurant revenues and on the sales of McDonald's Value Meals.
Improved axial resolution of digital holography via compressive reconstruction

We experimentally show that compressed sensing can improve the axial resolution of digital holography when the resolution is limited by the finite pixel pitch.
"Science" enters the birthing room: obstetrics in America since the eighteenth century.

At the end of the eighteenth century, Dr. William Shippen, Jr., of Philadelphia attended all the childbearing women in the well-established Drinker family. The family members chose Shippen instead of a woman midwife, in spite of their ambivalence about having a man in the traditionally all-female birthing room, because they believed the physician offered the best hope for a successful outcome. The Drinkers, and many others like them, considered themselves fortunate to be living at a time when male physicians began replacing female midwives in the birthing rooms of the American urban elite. The families expected-and believed that they received-better care at the hands of physicians than they thought possible with traditional female attendants. This article examines the promises of the new physician-directed obstetricsbeginning in the 1760s, when physicians entered obstetrics, and ending in the 1940s, after they dominated the field-and evaluates the extent to which those promises were kept. 1 Before 1760 birth was a women's affair in the British colonies of North America. When a woman went into labor, she "called her women together" and left her husband and other male family members outside. "I went to bed about 10 o'clock," wrote William Byrd of Virginia, "and left the women full of expectation with my wife. " Only in cases where women were not available did men participate in labor and delivery, and only in cases where labor did not
Syringyl Methacrylate, a Hardwood Lignin-Based Monomer for High-Tg Polymeric Materials

As viable precursors to a diverse array of macromolecules, biomass-derived compounds must impart wide-ranging and precisely controllable properties to polymers. Herein, we report the synthesis and subsequent reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization of a new monomer, syringyl methacrylate (SM, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl methacrylate), that can facilitate widespread property manipulations in macromolecules. Homopolymers and heteropolymers synthesized from SM and related monomers have broadly tunable and highly controllable glass transition temperatures ranging from 114 to 205 °C and zero-shear viscosities ranging from ∼0.2 kPa·s to ∼17,000 kPa·s at 220 °C, with consistent thermal stabilities. The tailorability of these properties is facilitated by the controlled polymerization kinetics of SM and the fact that one vs two o-methoxy groups negligibly affect monomer reactivity. Moreover, syringol, the precursor to SM, is an abundant component of depolymerized hardwood (e.g., oak) and graminaceou...
Magneto-electro-elastic properties of multiferroic composites containing periodic distribution of general multi-coated inhomogeneities

Abstract In this paper, a homogenization scheme with several desirable features is developed to determine the overall magneto-electro-elastic behavior of multiferroic composite materials containing periodic distribution of multi-inhomogeneities. The configuration of a typical inhomogeneity system is taken to be composed of an inner ellipsoidal particle surrounded by many coating layers of ellipsoidal shape. As such, the morphology of composite is sufficiently general, and then the developed methodology can be quite robust to handle a wide range of problems. Through the present analysis, we first adopt the equivalent inclusion principle in conjunction with a superposition procedure to decompose the multi-inhomogeneity system into a series of single-inclusion problems with position-dependent eigenstrain–electric–magnetic fields. The periodic microstructure will be accounted for through the Fourier series expansion of field quantities. The local form of consistency equations are then called upon, and integrated to give the expression for the average eigenfields. Finally, considering the relation between far-field loads and the local microscopic fields in the constituent phases the overall effective moduli of composite are obtained in terms of derived average eigenfields. The accuracy and generality of proposed theory is verified through consideration of several three-phase multiferroic composites with complex microstructures. In this process, the strong dependence of overall behavior of fibrous and particulate multiferroics on the microstructure parameters, such as the interface condition, thickness, eccentricity and material properties of core inhomogeneities and their coating layers is well demonstrated.
Effects of Oxcarbazepine on Apoptosis of Hippocampus Neuron in Epileptic Rats Induced by Pentylenetetrazol

Objective To explore the effects of oxcarbazepine on apoptosis of hippocampus neuron in epileptic rats induced by pentylenetetrazol(PTZ).Methods Totally 84 cases of 4-week-old rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the rats in group A were given 9 g·L-1 saline(n=18),the rats in group B were given oxcarbazepine(n=18),group C and group D were epileptic groups(each group had 24 rats),so the rats in group C were given 9 g·L-1 saline after kindled,the rats in group D were given oxcarbazepine after kindled.The rats in group C and group D were given intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol(60 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 5 days,and rat′s attack according to Racine classification was observed.The epileptic models were successfully constructed through 5 consecutive days of Ⅳ-V level attacks,each attack lasting 3-5 minutes.On the 6th day,group A and group C were given 9 g·L-1 saline by intraperitoneal injection,group B and group D were given oxcarbazepine 80 mg·kg-1·d-1 by gavage.After continuous medication for 9,15 and 21 days,rats were killed and their brain were taken to make paraffin blocks.The morphological changes of apoptosis cells and number changes in hippocampus neuron of each group were observed by HE stains and immunohistochemical staining.Results HE staining:there was no obvious morphological difference between group A and group B.Group C showed vesical degeneration in cells,while the cell membrane invaginated.A large number of apoptotic cells could be found in group D,the cell layers increased.Bcl-2 expression:group A and group B had a small amount of Bcl-2 expression in hippocampus of rats.At the time point of 9,15 and 21 days,before and after comparison between 2 groups there was no statistical difference.Compared with group A and group B,Bcl-2 positive cells in group C increased at the time point of 9,15 and 21 days.Compared with group A,group B and group C,expression of Bcl-2 in group D was significantly increased at the time point of 9,15 and 21 days.The expression of Bcl-2 in group C and group D rapidly declined after significantly increased in the early stage,but it was still significantly higher than that in non-epilepsy group at the time point of 21 days.Bax expression:the expression of Bax in rat hippocampus had no statistical difference among group A,group B and group D,and among the comparison of the groups at each time point.Bax positive cells in group C increased more than that in group A,group B or group D at the time point of 9 and 15 days.But there was no statistically significant difference.When compared with the 3 groups,there was no statistically significant difference at the time of 21 days.Conclusions Oxcarbazepine can reduce the seizure-induced injury in hippocampus neuron of rats and increase the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibit the expression of bax,thus it can provide a protective effect on apoptosis of hippocampus neurons in epileptic rats induced by PTZ.
A Case Study of Exploring the Training of Creative International MBA Professionals in Ningbo University

This paper,based on its instructional experience in joint MBA program of Ningbo University,tries to give a clear-cut positioning of international MBA professionals with creative capabilities.It points out that the innovative program can be performed through indigenization of foreign teaching system,adoption of flexible curriculum,teaching approaches,evaluation and training systems,and an emphasis on a sustained development of the program,etc.
A hybrid model for Arabic document indexing

Using either stems or roots as index terms offered considerable performance to Arabic Information Retrieval (IR) systems compared to the use of surface words for indexing. Many comparative works tried to find out the best from these two indexing approaches but until then, no of the two methods widely overtook the other. Each of the two index types performed better under different test circumstances in terms of recall and precision. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach combining the two indexing units in a way we take the advantages from both of them and try to overcome their shortcomings. Then, based on some combining techniques, we assign a weight for each indexing unit and try to find out the best weighting values.
All reflective multiphoton microscope for use with compact multi-colored broadband femtosecond fiber lasers

We present and discuss a design for a multiphoton microscope that uses all reflective elements for beam shaping and expansion, which removes the effects of dispersion on femtosecond pulses as well as chromatic aberrations.
The impact of exchange rate deviations from relative PPP equilibrium on the U.S. demand for foreign equities

Abstract Applying fixed-effects panel data, this study investigates the impact of U.S. dollar exchange rate movements during different exchange rate states (overvaluation and undervaluation) on the monthly real gross and real net purchases of foreign equities by U.S. residents over the post-Plaza Accord period. The foreign equities come from 22 developed and 25 developing countries. Previous research has posited two alternative hypotheses regarding the relationship between exchange rates and foreign investment. These are the wealth effect and the profit-oriented effect. The evidence herein suggests that these two hypotheses coexist. We find robust evidence for a negative relationship between the exchange rate movements of an undervalued U.S. dollar and the demand for foreign equities. For developed countries, the wealth effect dominates the profit-oriented effect when the U.S. dollar is overvalued, while, for developing countries, the profit-oriented effect dominates the wealth effect. The results emphasize the importance of considering exchange rate states derived from a relative PPP equilibrium when analyzing U.S. allocations to foreign equities. The findings with respect to the macroeconomic control variables are mainly in agreement with the predictions of international financial theory. Some of the results, however, disappear or become inconclusive for the period after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. This may be explained by the increased uncertainty in international financial markets following this unprecedented event. The findings are robust with respect to different constructed equilibrium exchange rates.
Left Truncated Normal

In an earlier book [Thomopoulos (1980) p 318–324], the author shows how to use the left-truncated normal distribution to applications in inventory control.
Why Petroleum Did Not Save the Whales

Ironically, even though fossil fuels provided substitutes for the main uses of whale oil, the rise of fossil fuel use in the nineteenth century served to increase the intensity of whaling. The conn...
The Effects of Generalised School Choice on Achievement and Stratification

A central argument in the school choice debate is that public schools are inefficient local monopolies, and that educational quality would improve dramatically if only parents were allowed to freely choose between schools. For example, Hoxby (2003) asks, “What is the range of productivity over which choice could cause productivity to vary? Recent history suggests that school productivity could be much higher than it is now — 60 per cent to 70 per cent higher.“ Two arguments underlie this view. First, there is a widely held belief that private schools are more effective than public schools.
Bacterial Antigens as Immunomodulators

The functioning of lymphocytes and macrophages may be significantly altered following exposure to gram positive and gram negative bacteria or to the biologically active components of these microorganisms.1,2 Immunomodulating substances related to bacteria have been found to either enhance or inhibit the functioning of immune cells. It is, therefore, probable that these substances influence the host’s specific immune resistance to infection. In addition, because the host is continually exposed to and colonized by bacteria, it is possible that substances derived from such bacteria may exert a continuing influence on the immune response system by both specific and non-specific mechanisms. This discussion will be concerned with the effects of selected microorganisms and their products on the immune response in an attempt to summarize what is currently believed to be the mechanism of action. In this regard, the effects of a given microorganism or product may be on the afferent limb of the immune response arc, that is the sensitization phase or, in contrast, on the efferent or effector phase. Often it is difficult to ascertain which phase is involved and frequently both may be influenced by the microbial agent. Moreover, the specific site of action within the immune system may be difficult to ascertain.
Demonstration of enhanced continuous-wave operation of blue laser diodes on a semipolar 202¯1¯ GaN substrate using indium-tin-oxide/thin-p-GaN cladding layers

The benefits of utilizing transparent conductive oxide on top of a thin p-GaN layer for continuous-wave (CW) operation of blue laser diodes (LDs) were investigated. A very low operating voltage of 5.35 V at 10 kA/cm2 was obtained for LDs with 250 nm thick p-GaN compared to 7.3 V for LDs with conventional 650 nm thick p-GaN. An improved thermal performance was also observed for the thin p-GaN samples resulting in a 40% increase in peak light output power and a 32% decrease in surface temperature. Finally, a tradeoff was demonstrated between low operating voltage and increased optical modal loss in the indium tin oxide (ITO) with thinner p-GaN. LDs lasing at 445 nm with 150 nm thick p-GaN had an excess modal loss while LDs with an optimal 250 nm thick p-GaN resulted in optical output power of 1.1 W per facet without facet coatings and a wall-plug efficiency of 15%.
Availability and Use of Workplace Supports for Health Promotion Among Employees of Small and Large Businesses.

Purpose:To explore the availability and utilization of workplace health supports by employees of small and large-sized employers.Design:Cross-sectional, telephone-based interviews collected on 16 w...
Prospective Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of MR Imaging versus CT for Acute Appendicitis

Purpose To compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with that of computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in emergency department (ED) patients. Materials and Methods This was an institutional review board-approved, prospective, observational study of ED patients at an academic medical center (February 2012 to August 2014). Eligible patients were nonpregnant and 12- year-old or older patients in whom a CT study had been ordered for evaluation for appendicitis. After informed consent was obtained, CT and MR imaging (with non-contrast material-enhanced, diffusion-weighted, and intravenous contrast-enhanced sequences) were performed in tandem, and the images were subsequently retrospectively interpreted in random order by three abdominal radiologists who were blinded to the patients' clinical outcomes. Likelihood of appendicitis was rated on a five-point scale for both CT and MR imaging. A composite reference standard of surgical and histopathologic results and clinical follow-up was used, arbitrated by an expert panel of three investigators. Test characteristics were calculated and reported as point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Analysis included images of 198 patients (114 women [58%]; mean age, 31.6 years ± 14.2 [range, 12-81 years]; prevalence of appendicitis, 32.3%). The sensitivity and specificity were 96.9% (95% CI: 88.2%, 99.5%) and 81.3% (95% CI: 73.5%, 87.3%) for MR imaging and 98.4% (95% CI: 90.5%, 99.9%) and 89.6% (95% CI: 82.8%, 94.0%) for CT, respectively, when a cutoff point of 3 or higher was used. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.2 (95% CI: 3.7, 7.7) and 0.04 (95% CI: 0, 0.11) for MR imaging and 9.4 (95% CI: 5.9, 16.4) and 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) for CT, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the optimal cutoff point to maximize accuracy was 4 or higher, at which point there was no difference between MR imaging and CT. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging was similar to that of CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Validation of Laser Shearography Testing for Fixed Foam Insulation Bonds

Electronic Laser Shearography is a relatively new Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) technique that is used with excitation methods to measure differential displacements and subsequent strains at the surface of a material. Laser shearography was evaluated as an NDE technique for the inspection of adhesive bonds on fixed foam insulation for Atlas-Centaur cryogenic fuel tanks. A test program was conducted which evaluated the capability of electronic laser shearography to detect disbonds under field conditions on a full scale development test article. The test program validated laser shearography as a viable technique for the inspection of adhesive bonds in the test article configuration.
Effect of follow-up appointments and admission unit on readmissions in patient with cancer on chemotherapy: A tertiary center experience.

e18239Background: Readmissions are a huge burden on patients and organizations, especially in light of the newly emerging bundled payment systems. Many interventions have been proposed to reduce re...
The Mediating Role of Exclusionary School Organizations in Pre-service Teachers’ Constructions of Inclusion

In this article, we build on the extant literature documenting efforts to reform teacher education for inclusive education in the United States to demonstrate the complexity of preparing teachers t...
All-Metal Dual-Frequency RHCP High-Gain Antenna for a Potential Europa Lander

A new all-metal dual-frequency right-hand circularly polarized high-gain antenna (HGA) is under development at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory for a potential Europa Lander. The antenna must be primarily composed of metal to ensure survivability in the harsh environment of the Europan icy moon (i.e., very low temperature and high radiation). The antenna must also have a low profile to meet drastic volume constraints and have efficiencies higher than 80% at both the uplink and downlink X-band deep space frequency bands. This antenna is a key component for this potential mission as it enables direct-to-earth links rather than relaying signals via a nearby spacecraft. The proposed HGA consists of 16 subarrays fed by waveguides. An $8 \times 8$ subarray was fabricated to prove the antenna concept. A gain of 24.1 and 25.3 dBic was demonstrated at both frequency bands for the subarray. This translates into an aperture efficiency of 83% and 80% at uplink and downlink bands, respectively.
The Generalizing Process: A Methodology Examined.

A diversity of Social Science content and a multiplicity of examples for each topic are characteristics of the Social Studies curriculum. Such complexity imposes a heavy burden on the student who seeks to organize and understand a body of information. One method for "boiling down" this bulk of information is the generalizing process. Students are frequently asked to summarize their research efforts, but the process of producing general statements is frequently unexplored, and tools for critically examining general statements are not provided. Children can study Social Studies more effectively if they learn to organize their research findings and produce good general statements. It would be possible to examine two alternative ways of dealing with the production of generalizations to determine which one is the more effective technique. The research described here is an attempt to compare two different techniques for producing general statements.
Questionnaires: Collection of Subjective Expectations Data

Questionnaires are used to elicit from individuals a broad array of objective information as well as subjective information about their thoughts and perceptions. This article focuses on a single topic about questionnaires – how to elicit respondents’ subjective expectations of future events. Subjective expectations are being measured with increasing frequency, yet the social and behavioral sciences have not formed a common view on how expectations should be conceptualized and measured. A particularly intriguing controversy, described in this article, concerns the relative merits of verbal and probabilistic forms of questioning.
Agent-based Modeling as Quintessential Tool for Open-ended Social Theorizing

Thought experiments have long been employed as a technique of analytical thinking where the theorist poses “what if” questions to some articulated model. The entities in those models are typically aggregate variables, though sometimes those variables masquerade as individuals by adopting such analytical devices as representative agent models. While this procedure has tractability on its side, it also prevents analysis of the myriad ways in which social interaction can generate new phenomena. For instance, a representative agent does not generate prices or business organizations, nor engage in conflict and develop procedures for settling conflict. To understand the place of such practices and institutions within a social economy requires a generative and not a stipulative mode of analysis. This paper explains how agent-based computational modeling can serve as a valuable modeling platform for theorizing about societies in an open-ended manner where internally-generated change is a property of social interaction.
Multimodal assessment of sleep in men and women during treatment for opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background Sleep disturbance is common in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) receiving medication for addiction treatment. Differences between patients on the two primary agonist medications—methadone and buprenorphine—are not well understood. Methods In patients receiving either methadone or buprenorphine treatment for OUD, we examined sleep continuity and architecture using ambulatory monitoring to gather both an objective measure (daily sleep EEG; M = 5.76 days, SD = 1.46) and a subjective measure (daily sleep diary; M = 54.10 days, SD = 25.10) of sleep. Results Patients treated with buprenorphine versus methadone did not differ on any measure of sleep continuity or architecture. Women had longer EEG-derived total sleep time than men (d = -0.68, 95 % CI -1.32 to -0.09), along with lower %N2 (d = 0.94, 95 % CI 0.34–1.64) and greater %N3 (d = -0.94, 95 % CI -1.61 to -0.32). Self-reported sleep differed from EEG-derived estimates: wake after sleep onset was greater by EEG than by diary (d = 2.58, 95 % CI 1.74–3.63), and total sleep time and sleep efficiency were lower by EEG than by diary (d for sleep time = 2.93, 95 % CI 2.06–4.14; d for efficiency = 1.69, 95 % CI 0.98–2.49). Conclusions Patients treated with buprenorphine or methadone did not substantively differ in ambulatory measures of sleep. With both medications, there was a discrepancy between objective and subjective sleep measures. Further confirmatory evidence would inform the development of sleep-related recommendations for OUD patients undergoing agonist treatment.
Immunity’s Sovereignty

This chapter develops the concept of immunity in relation to its formulation in critical theory and political philosophy, particularly in the work of Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito. The chapter goes on to identify immunity as the animating concept in the discourse of American exceptionalism, which informs national identity vis-a-vis intense global contact and conflicts with such geopolitical sites as Haiti, North Africa, and Cuba.
Toxicity Analysis of Busulfan Pharmacokinetic Guided Therapeutic Dose Monitoring for Myeloablative Conditioning Regimens with Allogeneic Transplantation

Background Busulfan (Bu) based conditioning regimens are associated with serious toxicities including myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, and sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS). Previous literature reports increased risk of toxicities when the daily AUC concentrations exceed 6000 uM-minute. Bu TDM has also been associated with improved overall and progression free survival in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. We implemented real time pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided therapeutic dose monitoring (TDM) of Bu for myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens. Objectives Compare toxicity of IV Bu before and after implementation of TDM. The primary endpoint was incidence of hepatotoxicity, defined as days of elevation of AST or ALT > 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin >1.5 times ULN. Secondary outcomes included time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment, duration of IV opioid administration, breakthrough antiemetic use, incidence of SOS, hospital length of stay (LOS), incidence of Bu dose adjustment, and repeat Bu PK. Methods A Bu PK-guided TDM program was implemented in April 2018 for patients receiving busulfan/ cyclophosphamide (BuCy) MAC regimens for allo-HSCT. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed with weight-based dose (WBD) BuCy conditioning from August 2017 through March 2018 (N=14) and TDM from April 2018 through December 2018 (N=22). Bu was given at a fixed dose of 0.8 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours for 16 doses on days -8 to -4 for WBD patients. For TDM patients, after a WBD of 3.2 mg/kg/dose on day -7 (Bu1), serial plasma Bu concentrations were used to calculate Bu area under the curve (AUC) for subsequent dose adjustment on days -6 to -4 to target a daily AUC of 5000 μM-minute. If the AUCactual/AUCtarget exceeded 1.2 or was less than 0.8, the second dose of Bu (Bu2) was changed by no more than ± 20%, repeat PK samples were drawn, and the process was repeated for TDM for the third dose of Bu. Results Recipients of Bu TDM were younger than those receiving WBD (median 45 vs. 58 years, p=0.008). No other baseline differences were observed. There was no difference in hepatotoxicity between TDM and WBD (median 1 vs. 0 days, p=0.40), time to neutrophil (median 17 vs. 17 days, P=0.18) or platelet engraftment (median 29 vs. 25 days, p=0.75), IV opioid administration (median 4 vs. 4 days, p=0.83), breakthrough antiemetic use (median 59 vs. 58 doses, p=0.99), SOS (4.5 vs. 7.1%, p=1.0), or LOS (median 28 vs. 27 days, p=0.95). In the TDM group, 45% of patients had increases and 41% had decreases in Bu dose after Bu1. 32% of patients required repeat PK after Bu2. Conclusions A PK dose monitoring program for MAC IV Bu regimens may be considered a safe practice in allo-HSCT recipients. The majority of patients receiving PK-guided TDM required dose changes, and TDM patients had no significant difference in toxicity compared to those receiving WBD.
Integrating biology and access to care in addressing breast cancer disparities: 25 years' research experience in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.

To review research on breast cancer mortality disparities, emphasizing research conducted in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, with a focus on challenges and opportunities for integration of tumor biology and access characteristics across the cancer care continuum. Black women experience higher mortality following breast cancer diagnosis, despite lower incidence compared to white women. Biological factors, such as stage at diagnosis and breast cancer subtypes, play a role in these disparities. Simultaneously, social, behavioral, environmental, and access to care factors are important. However, integrated studies of biology and access are challenging and it is uncommon to have both data types available in the same study population. The central emphasis of phase 3 of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, initiated in 2008, was to collect rich data on biology (including germline and tumor genomics and pathology) and health care access in a diverse study population, with the long-term goal of defining intervention opportunities to reduce disparities across the cancer care continuum. Early and ongoing research from CBCS has identified important interactions between biology and access, leading to opportunities to build greater equity. However, sample size, population-specific relationships among variables, and complexities of treatment paths along the care continuum pose important research challenges. Interdisciplinary teams, including experts in novel data integration and causal inference, are needed to address gaps in our understanding of breast cancer disparities.
Analysis for diagnosis and treatment of incomplete kawasaki disease

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was applied in 39 children patients clinically diagnosed as Kawasaki disease.Results Thirtynine cases were found to have a high temperature over 5 days( 100％ ),30 patients with bilateral conjunctival congestion (76.9％),28 cases with cherry pink and chapped lips( 71.8％ ),21 patients with erythema multiforme and erythra(53.8％ ),20 cases with hand-foot scleredema(51.3％ )and 10 patients with cervical lymphatic enlargement (25.6％).In addition to the high temperature,22 cases were found to have three classic clinical diagnostic characterstics(56.4％ ),and 17 patients with two classic characterstics(43.6％ ).During the course of disease,C-reactve protein was observed to increase,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate speed up significantly.Intravenous infusion of gamma globulin and oral administration of aspirin was confirmed to be effective for incomplete Kawasaki disease.Conclusion The careful observation and complete clinical examination was conducive to early diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease instead of misjudge and missed diagnosis. Key words: Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; Gamma-Globulins ; Aspirin; Diagnostic errors
Opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Surgical oncology patients are vulnerable to persistent opioid use. As such, we aim to compare opioid prescribing to opioid consumption for common surgical oncology procedures. METHODS We prospectively identified patients undergoing common surgical oncology procedures at a single academic institution (August 2017-March 2018). Patients were contacted by telephone within 6 months of surgery and asked to report their opioid consumption and describe their discharge instructions and opioid handling practices. RESULTS Of the 439 patients who were approached via telephone, 270 completed at least one survey portion. The median quantity of opioid prescribed was significantly larger than consumed following breast biopsy (5 vs. 2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone, p < .001), lumpectomy (10 vs. 2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone, p < .001), and mastectomy or wide local excision (20 tablets vs. 2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone, p < .001). The majority of patients reported receiving education on taking opioids, but only 27% received instructions on proper disposal; 82% of prescriptions filled resulted in unused opioids, and only 11% of these patients safely disposed of them. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures, indicating the potential for reductions in prescribing.
Tech-Art-Theory: Improvisational Methods for HCI Learning and Teaching

This paper explores the nature and potential of improvisation as a method for learning and teaching in CSCW and HCI. It starts by reviewing concepts of improvisational learning in classic and more recent work in educational theory, art and music, and HCI that emphasize the reconstructive, materially-driven, error-engaged, transgressive, and collaborative nature of human learning processes. It then describes three pedagogical interventions of our own in which improvisational techniques were deployed as methods of teaching and learning. From this integrated study, we report specific pedagogical conditions (socio-material evaluations, multi-sensory practices, and making safe spaces for error) that can support improvisational learning, and three common challenges of HCI pedagogy relevance, assessment, and inclusion that improvisational methods can help to address.
Short-term exposures to atmospheric evergreen, deciduous, grass, and ragweed aeroallergens and the risk of suicide in Ohio, 2007-2015: Exploring disparities by age, gender, and education level.

Abstract Background Seasonal trends in suicide mortality are observed worldwide, potentially aligning with the seasonal release of aeroallergens. However, only a handful of studies have examined whether aeroallergens increase the risk of suicide, with inconclusive results thus far. The goal of this study was to use a time-stratified case-crossover design to test associations of speciated aeroallergens (evergreen, deciduous, grass, and ragweed) with suicide deaths in Ohio, USA (2007–2015). Methods Residential addresses for 12,646 persons who died by suicide were linked with environmental data at the 4–25 km grid scale including atmospheric aeroallergen concentrations, maximum temperature, sunlight, particulate matter Results In general, associations were null between aeroallergens and suicide. Stratified analyses revealed a relationship between grass pollen and same-day suicide for women (OR = 3.84; 95% CI = 1.44, 10.22) and those with a high school degree or less (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.49). Conclusions While aeroallergens were generally not significantly related to suicide in this sample, these findings provide suggestive evidence for an acute relationship of grass pollen with suicide for women and those with lower education levels. Further research is warranted to determine whether susceptibility to speciated aeroallergens may be driven by underlying biological mechanisms or variation in exposure levels.
Variables influencing manometric parameters of deglutitive and non-deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter: A study of 89 asymptomatic participants.

Background High-resolution manometry overcomes limitations imposed by axial and radial asymmetry as well as swallow and respiration-induced movement of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), allowing for its reliable use in evaluation of dysphagic and reflux patients. The aim of this study was to determine normative values and their variability across position, sex, age, height, weight, BMI, and volume for clinically relevant deglutitive and non-deglutitive UES parameters. Methods We studied 89 asymptomatic volunteers age 19-90 years, (45 female) during 3-10 repetitions of dry, 5 and 10 ml water swallows at 30-s intervals using high-resolution manometry. Key results Upper esophageal sphincter high-pressure zone was longer in men than women and in supine than upright position. UES basal contractile integral and mean basal pressure were higher in supine compared to upright; higher in men than women, inversely correlated with age, correlated positively with height and with weight in the supine position only. UES relaxation duration was longer in upright than in supine position but not affected by age, sex, height, weight, or BMI. It was longer with 5 and 10 ml compared with dry swallows. UES minimum/nadir relaxation and mean relaxation pressures were lower in upright than supine position, increased with increase in age and were higher in men than women. Conclusions and inferences Position, sex, age, height, weight, and volume affect some deglutitive and non-deglutitve UES manometric parameters. BMI does not affect the studied manometric parameters. These effects should be taken into consideration in clinical evaluation of UES.
Monetizing and Growing the Assets of Higher Education Institutions

Monetizing assets of higher education institutions (HEIs) includes virtually all that a HEI can work with to improve itself. This perspective represents a newer, broader (still slightly controversial) view of assets that includes people
Mathematical Modeling: With Applications in Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering, Edition-2

A mathematical model can be defined as an abstract model which uses mathematical language to describe the behavior and evolution of a system. Mathematical models are used widely in the many different sciences and engineering disciplines (such as physics, biology, chemistry and engineering). Mathematical models may have many different forms, including continuous time and discrete time dynamical systems (using differential equations an difference equations respectively), statistical models, partial differential equations, or game theoretic models. Mathematical modeling has an important role in the discovering the problems which occur in our daily life. Mathematical and computational models has been frequently used to help interpret experimental data. Models also can help to describe our beliefs about how different phenomenon around the world functions. In mathematical modeling, we try to transfer those beliefs and pictures into the language of mathematics. This transformation is very beneficial. First, Mathematics is an exact and delicate language. Second, we can easily formulate ideas and also determine the basic assumptions. The governed rules in Mathematics help us to manipulate the problem. Strongly speaking, in Mathematical modeling, we are using the results which have been already proved by mathematicians over hundreds of years. Computers play an important role to perform numerical simulations and calculations. Although, many of the systems in the real world are too complicated to model but we can solve this problem by identifying the most important parts of the system and then we include them in the model, the rest will be excluded. Afterward, computer simulations can be applied to handle the model equations and desired manipulations.
Cerebral Hyperperfusion and Delayed Coma Recovery after Subdural Hematoma Evacuation.

Abstract Acute subdural hematoma is a devastating neurological injury with significant morbidity and mortality. In patients with large subdural hematoma resulting in compression of the underlying brain and lateral brain shift, severe neurological deficits and coma can occur. Emergent neurosurgical decompression is a life-saving intervention which improves mortality and neurological function. Persistent coma despite subdural hematoma evacuation is often the result of persistent midline shift, cerebral infarctions related to initial elevated intracranial pressure and herniation, nonconvulsive seizures, and other metabolic and infectious causes; however, a subset of patients remains comatose without a discernable etiology. In this report, we describe an elderly patient who remained comatose without a known cause for several weeks after subdural hematoma evacuation and was found to have delayed cerebral hyperperfusion on brain imaging. After several days, there was marked recovery of consciousness which occurred in a timeframe that matched improvement in brain imaging findings. Cerebral hyperperfusion following subdural hematoma evacuation requires further investigation, and should be considered as a cause of persistent but potentially recoverable coma.
Economics of Cattle Feeding

Publisher Summary This chapter answers what a person should know as a hedger, what to watch for and using the futures market. The cattle futures market has three major categories of people who utilize the futures market: speculator, hedger, and observer. This chapter deals with the economics with the point of view of these three-category people and paves way for the cost-effective management. It illustrates some of the actions which might be taken by a cattle feeder desiring to hedge cattle. The cattle feeder who hedges does so with the best possible current information and possibly some nudging from the banker that has loaned the money to purchase the feeder cattle and feed. Basic specifications for fed cattle contracts are well explained here. A custom feedyard is one that feeds cattle for customers for a fee. It furnishes room and board for someone else's cattle, much like a motel. Thus, one can actually become a cattle feeder without doing a bit of the work. Finding the fight commercial feedlot and bargaining for the proper contract takes time and effort. Although most commercial feedlots operate on essentially the same basic principles, there are at least as many specific contract types, as there are different commercial feedlots. Normally, a cattle feeder calculates rate of gain and efficiency of feed conversion based on sale-weight minus purchase–weight, divided by number of days in the lot (for daily gain) and total pounds of feed consumed (for feed efficiency).
Genomic imprinting is disrupted in interspecific Peromyscus hybrids

Genomic imprinting, the unequal expression of gene alleles on the basis of parent of origin, is a major exception to mendelian laws of inheritance 1 . By maintaining one allele of a gene in a silent state, imprinted genes discard the advantages of diploidy, and for this reason the rationale for the evolution of imprinting has been debated 2 . One explanation is the parent-offspring conflict model, which proposes that imprinting arose in polyandrous mammals as the result of a parental conflict over the allocation of maternal resources to embryos 3 . This theory predicts that there should be no selection for imprinting in a monogamous species. Crosses between the monogamous rodent species Peromyscus polionotus and the polyandrous Peromyscus maniculatus yield progeny with parent-of-origin growth defects that could be explained if imprinting was absent in the monogamous species 4 . We find, however, that imprinting is maintained in P. polionotus , but there is widespread disruption of imprinting in the hybrids. We suggest that the signals governing genomic imprinting are rapidly evolving and that disruptions in the process may contribute to mammalian speciation.
Analysis of heterogeneity in nonspecific PEGylation reactions of biomolecules.

The compositional heterogeneity associated with polymer conjugation reactions of biomolecules is analyzed for the particular case of nonspecific PEGylation reactions. It is shown that the distribution of the number of PEG moieties grafted to biomolecules such as proteins is a binomial-type function of two parameters—the reaction efficiency as well as the number of binding sites per biomolecule. The nature of this distribution implies that uniform compositions are favored for increasing number of coupling sites per biomolecule as well as for increasing efficiency of the modification process. Therefore, the binomial distribution provides a rationale for the pronounced heterogeneity that is observed for PEGylated small enzyme systems even at high coupling efficiencies. For the particular case of PEGylated trypsin it is shown that the heterogeneity results in a broad distribution of deactivation times that is captured by a stretched exponential decay model. The presented analysis is expected to apply to general modification processes of compounds in which partial functionalization of a fixed number of reactive sites is achieved by means of a nonspecific coupling reaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 427–435, 2013.
The Role of Multiscale Strain Localizations in Fatigue of Magnesium Alloys

The reliable characterization of fatigue behavior and progressive damage of advanced alloys relies on the monitoring and quantification of parameters such as strain localizations as a result of both crystallographic deformation mechanisms and bulk response. To this aim, this article attempts to directly correlate microstructural strain at specific fatigue life to global strain as well as surface roughness in Magnesium alloys. Strain at the grain scale is calculated using Digital Image Correlation (DIC), while surface topography gradients are computed using roughness data at different stages of the fatigue life. The results are further correlated to Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) measurements which reveal the profuse and spatially inhomogeneous nature of the crystallographic deformation mechanisms related to yielding and fatigue crack initiation. Emphasis is given on using multimodal NDE data to formulate first a description of the current state of the material subjected to fatigue loading and on identifying conditions that can probabilistically drive the affected by both local and global response, governing degradation process.Copyright © 2014 by ASME