cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the characters of the affine group over a finite field

Let G = G, be the general linear group of an n dimensional vector space V= V,, over F,, the finite field of q elements. Let T = T, be the group of translations of I/. Then G normalizes T, and we form the semidirect product A = A,, = T,,G,, which is the shine group of V. In the natural (right) action of G,, 1 on V,, + 1 the group A may be viewed as a point stabilizer. Thus information on A may be obtained from either G, or G, + , . The characters of A have been studied by S. I. Gel’fand [S], D. K. Faddeev [6], and R. Gow [9]. In particular descriptions of the irreducible characters of A are obtained in both [6,9]. In this paper we reconcile these two descriptions, giving a new proof of Faddeev’s description. This description is used in extending to A a result of R. Steinberg [14] on a permutation character of G. In [6] each character of A is induced from a character of a subgroup TP for certain parabolic subgroups P of G. We write these induced characters as a product c 0 A,k where 4’ E Irr(G,) and A,-, is a certain irreducible character of Andk. This circle product is defined in (3.6). In [9] the characters of A are constructed inductively from those of A n _, which we view here as a subgroup of G. If x E Irr(A, _ 1) and p is a certain linear character of TA,i then ind;An-,pX is an irreducible character of A. In the proof of (3.11) we show that
β-Tubulin mRNA as a marker of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability

Determining the viability of waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts remains a technical challenge. rRNA and mRNA were evaluated in a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay as potential markers of oocyst viability. The rationale for this approach is the rapid turnover and postmortem decay of cellular RNA. The β-tubulin mRNA and an anonymous mRNA transcript were chosen as potential markers because they are the only mRNA species in C. parvum known to possess introns. This feature facilitated the distinction between genuine RT-PCR products and PCR products originating from copurifying DNA. Prolonged incubation at room temperature of initially viable oocysts resulted in a gradual decrease in mRNA levels, which correlated with the loss of oocyst infectivity to neonatal mice. In contrast, oocysts stored at 4°C for over 39 weeks maintained their infectivity and displayed no decrease in the level of β-tubulin RT-PCR product. The postmortem decay of two mRNA species demonstrates that RT-PCR analysis can provide information on the viability of C. parvum oocysts. The methodological similarity between PCR detection and RT-PCR viability analysis could facilitate the development of a combined detection and viability assay.
A comparison of drug users and non-users on an urban commuter college campus.

Questionnaires designed to elicit demographic and drug experience data were completed by 591 students of an urban communter campus. One hundred and thirty-nine students (24%) identified themselves as having had some experience with drugs. As compared to the non-user, the drug user was older and further advanced in his academic study. He tended to be engaged in liberal arts studies, rather than in a more specialized program, and he did not affiliate himself with a religious faith. He was an urban resident, lived independently of his parents, and was engaged in part-time employment. His parents were distinctly middle class in terms of education, occupation and salary, and his relationship with them was described as “neutral” or conflicted.” There were no significant differences between drug users and non-users in terms of sex, ethnic background, or academic standing, nor was the drug user easily or realistically discriminable from the total population in terms of other aspects of family structure measured i...
Temporal patterns of fatigue predict pathologic response in patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer.

Purpose To investigate whether symptom burden before and during preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer predicts for pathologic tumor response. Methods and Materials Fifty-four patients with T3/T4/N+ rectal cancers were treated on a Phase II trial using preoperative capecitabine and concomitant boost radiotherapy. Symptom burden was prospectively assessed before (baseline) and weekly during CRT by patient self-reported questionnaires, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Symptom scores according to tumor downstaging (TDS) were compared using Student's t tests. Logistic regression was used to determine whether symptom burden levels predicted for TDS. Lowess curves were plotted for symptom burden across time. Results Among 51 patients evaluated for pathologic response, 26 patients (51%) had TDS. Fatigue, pain, and drowsiness were the most common symptoms. All symptoms increased progressively during treatment. Patients with TDS had lower MDASI fatigue scores at baseline and at completion (Week 5) of CRT ( p = 0.03 for both) and lower levels of BFI "usual fatigue" at baseline. Conclusion Lower levels of fatigue at baseline and completion of CRT were significant predictors of pathologic tumor response gauged by TDS, suggesting that symptom burden may be a surrogate for tumor burden. The relationship between symptom burden and circulating cytokines merits evaluation to characterize the molecular basis of this phenomenon.
On the dispersion of waves in fluid-filled cylinders of slightly elliptic cross-section

Abstract In this theoretical study the larger veins are modeled as fluid-filled elastic cylinders which have a slightly elliptic cross-section and are subjected to axial tension. The propagation characteristics of small pressure, axial, and torsion waves are examined as a function of the eccentricity. By treating the blood as an incompressible inviscid fluid and using thin shell theory, the phase velocities are computed for eccentricities less than 0·5. The results indicate that the wave speeds differ by less than 5 per cent from those of vessels with a circular crosssection and a diameter equal to the major axis of the ellipse.
Confidence set of putative quantitative trait loci in whole genome scans with application to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 simulated data

As genetic maps become more highly dense, the ability to sufficiently localize putative disease loci becomes an achievable goal. This has prompted an increased interest in methods for constructing confidence intervals for the location of variants that contribute to a trait. Such intervals are important because, by reducing the number of candidate loci, they can help in the design of cost-effective and time-efficient follow-up studies. We introduce a new approach that can be used in whole-genome scans to obtain a confidence set of loci that contribute at least a predetermined percentage h to the overall genetic variation of a quantitative phenotype. The method is developed in the framework of generalized linear mixed models and can accommodate families of arbitrary size and structure. We apply our method to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 simulated data where we scan chromosomes 6, 15, 20, 21, and 22 to uncover loci regulating the simulated phenotype Q2. For the analyses we had prior knowledge of the simulation model used to generate the phenotype.
Keeping Space Open

Forum on: Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places, by Edward W. Soja
Community-acquired pneumonia: defining quality care.

BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of 3 initial conditions for which the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services have defined quality measures. Eight “core measures” of pneumonia care have been targeted for reporting by U.S. hospitals to facilitate performance monitoring. METHODS A review of the literature supporting the core measures was performed. RESULTS Indicators encouraging influenza vaccination and appropriate antibiotic selection had the most robust evidence. Rapid delivery of antibiotics also showed significant reduction in mortality, though the actual timing (4 versus 8 hours) varied between studies. Other measures, such as performance of blood cultures, pneumococcal vaccination, smoking cessation, and oxygenation assessment, demonstrated less obvious clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS There is inherent value in setting standards of care for high-impact conditions such as CAP, but these standards should be chosen on the basis of high-quality research. Public reporting of the current measures is problematic, as it implies they represent best practices for CAP despite relatively weak evidence. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:344–353. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
School for Scandal: Sexuality, Race, and National Vice and Virtue in Miss Marianne Woods and Miss Jane Pirie Against Lady Helen Cumming Gordon

In nineteenth‐century Britain, debates on romantic love and friendship between women are inextricably caught up in discussions of feminine virtue and vice, because questions of women’s sexuality, e...
The impact of sedation protocols on outcomes in critical illness

Critically ill patients often require pharmacologic sedation to treat pain, agitation, and delirium or to tolerate mechanical ventilation and invasive procedures (1). Over the last several decades, our understanding of medications commonly administered for sedation in the critically ill has increased and we now appreciate both the short and long-term consequences of prolonged exposure to these agents. In fact, the Society of Critical Care Medicine recently revised its sedation guidelines based on emerging evidence that certain sedation practices may influence outcomes in critical illness (2). For example, it has become quite clear that prolonged exposure to benzodiazepines and, to a lesser extent opiates, contributes to the development of delirium, while the use of dexmedetomidine might decrease the risk. However, it would be premature to suggest that we currently know enough to protocolize “optimal” sedation algorithms. Despite this recent interest in dexmedetomidine as a “delirium sparing” sedative-hypnotic, a recent meta-analysis concluded that no definitive conclusions on the use of dexmedetomidine can be drawn yet and more clinical trials seem warranted (3). In any case, delirium is associated with increased mortality, prolonged stay on the intensive care unit (ICU) and the development of post ICU cognitive impairment, and the search for new strategies to prevent or treat delirium is currently an area of intense investigation (4).
Proteomic analysis of HDL from inbred mouse strains implicates APOE associated with HDL in reduced cholesterol efflux capacity via the ABCA1 pathway

Cholesterol efflux capacity associates strongly and negatively with the incidence and prevalence of human CVD. We investigated the relationships of HDL's size and protein cargo with its cholesterol efflux capacity using APOB-depleted serum and HDLs isolated from five inbred mouse strains with different susceptibilities to atherosclerosis. Like humans, mouse HDL carried >70 proteins linked to lipid metabolism, the acute-phase response, proteinase inhibition, and the immune system. HDL's content of specific proteins strongly correlated with its size and cholesterol efflux capacity, suggesting that its protein cargo regulates its function. Cholesterol efflux capacity with macrophages strongly and positively correlated with retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and PLTP, but not APOA1. In contrast, ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux correlated strongly with HDL's content of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD, but not RBP4 and PLTP. Unexpectedly, APOE had a strong negative correlation with ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. Moreover, the ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL isolated from APOE-deficient mice was significantly greater than that of HDL from wild-type mice. Our observations demonstrate that the HDL-associated APOE regulates HDL's ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. These findings may be clinically relevant because HDL's APOE content associates with CVD risk and ABCA1 deficiency promotes unregulated cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages.
ERRα-Regulated Lactate Metabolism Contributes to Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer.

Imaging studies in animals and in humans have indicated that the oxygenation and nutritional status of solid tumors is dynamic. Furthermore, the extremely low level of glucose within tumors, while reflecting its rapid uptake and metabolism, also suggests that cancer cells must rely on other energy sources in some circumstances. Here, we find that some breast cancer cells can switch to utilizing lactate as a primary source of energy, allowing them to survive glucose deprivation for extended periods, and that this activity confers resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. The nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), was shown to regulate the expression of genes required for lactate utilization, and isotopomer analysis revealed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERRα activity compromised lactate oxidation. Importantly, ERRα antagonists increased the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, highlighting the potential clinical utility of this drug combination.
Non-Random Mixing and Fast ion Decoupling in Lithium Chloroborate Superionic Glasses: An Ion Dynamics Computer Simulation Study

Li + ions are highly mobile in LiCl-Li 2 O·2B 2 3 glasses to the extent that the decou-pling of conductive modes of motion from the viscous modes, assessed at the glass transition temperature T g by a relaxation time ratio, is one of the greatest known. The interpretation of the structure of this glass system and its relation to conductivity decoupling is not very advanced at this time but there seems to be a distinction drawn between the chloroborate structure and the structure of the corresponding AgCl-Ag borate and AgI-borate glasses. The latter have frequently been discussed in terms of α-AgI percolating clusters although the available thermodynamic evidence indicates chemical ordering (negative deviations from ideal mixing) as opposed to any sort of clustering (positive deviations from ideal mixing). The LiCl-Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 system is interesting to us because simple transferable effective pair potentials are available for all species in the system and ion dynamics computer simulations should be capable of giving useful insights into the structure, energetics, and dynamics of the system. We present diffusivity data as a function of temperature for several compositions in the LiClLi 2 O·2B 2 O 3 system and observe that the Li + mobility remains high below the simulated, glass transition. Surprisingly, the Cl − anion mobility also remains high, raising a question about anion transport numbers in these glasses. Computed conductivities agree with laboratory data in the liquid state but exceed laboratory data in the glassy state in the direction expected from the high fictive temperature of simulated glass. Deviations from additivity in mixing energy in this system show a weak tendency to clustering of LiCl in the structure which suggests a need for laboratory mixing enthalpy studies.
Mechanisms mediating responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation after coronary reperfusion in conscious dogs

The goal of this study was to assess beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) signaling mechanisms in mediating physiological responses to sympathomimetic amines after 45 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 45 min reperfusion. At this time, isoproterenol (Iso) infusion (0.1 microgram/kg-1.min-1, n = 5) increased percent wall thickening in previously ischemic subendocardium (Endo) more than in nonischemic Endo (12.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 7.2 +/- 0.6%, P < 0.05), whereas forskolin (25 nmol.kg-1.min-1, n = 6) elicited the opposite effect (3.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 10.4 +/- 2.8%, P < 0.05). During Iso and forskolin infusions increases in regional myocardial blood flow in the previously ischemic zone were similar to the nonischemic zone. In all groups, total beta-AR density was depressed in previously ischemic Endo compared with nonischemic Endo (65 +/- 7 vs. 82 +/- 8 fmol/mg, P < 0.05), but the fraction of beta-AR binding agonist with high affinity increased (82 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 1%, P < 0.05). The changes in beta-AR were associated with a decrease in Iso-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (22 +/- 8%), a decrease in guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-stimulatory protein (Gs) (23 +/- 6%), and a decrease in inhibitory G proteins (16 +/- 4%). However, regional Endo functional responsiveness to beta-AR stimulation was enhanced in reperfused myocardium in response to Iso but not to forskolin. Thus the mechanism of increased number of beta-AR binding agonist with high affinity in previously ischemic myocardium predominated over persistent downregulation of total beta-AR density and reductions in Gs and adenylyl cyclase activity and correlated best with the physiological response to beta-AR stimulation. These data may also suggest that Iso exerts an action distal to adenylyl cyclase in previously ischemic myocardium.
FEMTOSECOND PUMP-PROBE INTERFEROMETRY

The optical Kerr effect in optical fibers can be used for all-optical switching of femtosecond pulses. Previous investigators have demonstrated picosecond all optical switching and logic operations in fibers using a novel multiple pulse interferometric technique[1].
Caregiving: Adults With Developmental Disabilities

Caregiving spans several decades for mothers and fathers of children with developmental disabilities. As a result, this group experiences unique challenges related to aging. The demands of caregiving may accelerate natural processes of aging and reduce levels of well-being in late life. Positive coping strategies and helpful social support networks may offset the impact of caregiving demands, however. It is critical that interventions be offered to support families in their caregiving role. Future research in this area should include fathers, greater racial and ethnic diversity, biological measures of well-being, and intergenerational and population-based samples. Keywords: aging and development psychology; coping; developmental disorders; lifespan and development psychology; parenting
Robotic Urogynecologic Surgery

To date, there has been limited research and reporting in obstetric, gynecological, and female urology literature concerning the use of robotics. Robotics has been utilized only for the treatment of two benign gynecologic conditions: benign hysterectomy1 and sacrocolpopexy, which is a treatment for posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (VVP).2,3 However, laparoscopy has been utilized extensively in gynecologic surgeries and has demonstrated itself to be invaluable with procedures such as total and supracervical hysterectomies and for the evaluation and treatment of endometriosis.4 More recently, laparoscopy has been reported for staging purposes of gynecologic malignancies, for the treatment of early stage endometrial cancer, and the treatment of ectopic pregnancies.5–7
A Prioritized Routing Algorithm for Multi-Domain Optical Networks Supporting Advance Reservation

Numerous "on-demand" immediate request (IR) schemes have been developed for provisioning connection requests in optical networks. Lately more complicated advance reservation (AR) schemes are also being investigated by the research community. However, implementing AR across multiple network domains is a very challenging problem owing to key challenges in the area of limited inter-domain visibility, wavelength conversion limitations, signaling concerns, etc. To address this problem area, in this paper we propose a prioritized routing algorithm to handle both IR and AR requests. With the priority added, we argued that preemption of IR requests in the advent of AR ones is not always justified. Future direction and simulation setting are also discussed.
Scaling relationships for nonadiabatic energy relaxation times in warm dense matter: toward understanding the equation of state

Understanding the dynamics of electron–ion energy transfer in warm dense (WD) matter is important to the measurement of equation of state (EOS) properties and for understanding the energy balance in dynamic simulations. In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of nonadiabatic electron relaxation and thermal excitation dynamics in aluminum under high pressure and temperature. Using quantum–classical trajectory surface hopping approaches, we examine the role of nonadiabatic couplings and electronic decoherence in electron-nuclear energy transfer in WD aluminum. The computed timescales range from 400 fs to 4.0 ps and are consistent with existing experimental studies. We have derived general scaling relationships between macroscopic parameters of WD systems such as temperature or mass density and the timescales of energy redistribution between quantum and classical degrees of freedom. The scaling laws are supported by computational results. We show that electronic decoherence plays essential role and can change the functional dependencies qualitatively. The established scaling relationships can be of use in modelling of WD matter.
Social cognition and the course of social functioning in first‐episode psychosis

Background Social functioning deficits greatly affect individuals with psychotic disorders resulting in decreased ability to maintain relationships, jobs and pursuit of educational goals. Deficits in social cognition have been hypothesized to be an important contributor to these deficits in social functioning. In particular, 5 domains of social cognition have been suggested to be relevant in the study of psychotic disorders: (1) attributional style, (2) emotion recognition, (3) social knowledge, (4) social perception and (5) theory of mind. Yet, to date, no study has simultaneously investigated the association between these 5 domains of social cognition and social functioning. Methods We investigated the cross-section and longitudinal association between social cognition and social functioning among 71 individuals with first-episode psychosis. Results We found modest cross-sectional associations between social cognition and social functioning that were often in the unexpected direction (ie, greater social cognition associated with worse social functioning). Social cognition at baseline was not associated with the longitudinal course of social functioning. Conclusions These unexpected findings fail to align with previous research that has documented a more robust relationship between these 2 constructs, and raise critical questions with regard to the nature of the association between social cognition and social functioning among individuals with first-episode psychosis.
The QUiPP App: a safe alternative to a treat-all strategy for threatened preterm labor.

Objective To evaluate the impact of triaging women at risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) using the QUiPP App, which incorporates a predictive model combining history of sPTB, gestational age and quantitative measurements of fetal fibronectin, compared with a treat-all policy (advocated by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) among women with threatened preterm labor before 30 weeks' gestation. Methods Prospectively collected data of pregnant women presenting with symptoms of preterm labor (abdominal pain or tightening) at 24–34 weeks' gestation were retrieved from the research databases of the EQUIPP and PETRA studies for subanalysis. Each episode of threatened preterm labor was retrospectively assigned a risk for sPTB within 7 days using the QUiPP App. A primary outcome of delivery within 7 days was used to model the performance accuracy of the QUiPP App compared with a treat-all policy. Results Using a 5% risk of delivery within 7 days according to the QUiPP App as the threshold for intervention, 9/9 women who presented with threatened preterm labor < 34 weeks would have been treated correctly, giving a sensitivity of 100% (one-sided 97.5% CI, 66.4%) and a negative predictive value of 100% (97.5% CI, 98.9–100%). The positive predictive value for delivery within 7 days was 30.0% (95% CI, 11.9–54.3%) for women presenting before 30 weeks and 20.0% (95% CI, 12.7–30.1%) for women presenting between 30 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks. If this 5% threshold had been used to triage women presenting between 24 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks, 89.4% (n = 168) of admissions could have been safely avoided, compared with 0% for a treat-all strategy. No true case of preterm labor would have been missed, as no woman who was assigned a risk of < 10% delivered within 7 days. Conclusion For women with threatened preterm labor, the QUiPP App can accurately guide management at risk thresholds for sPTB of 1%, 5% and 10%, allowing outpatient management in the vast majority of cases. A treat-all approach would not have avoided admission for any woman, and would have exposed 188 mothers and their babies to unnecessary hospitalization and steroid administration and increased the burden on network and transport services owing to unnecessary in-utero transfers. Prediction of sPTB should be performed before 30 weeks to determine management until there is evidence that such a high level of unnecessary intervention, as suggested by the treat-all strategy, does less harm than the occurrence of rare false negatives. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Large pituitary gland with an expanding lesion in the context of neurofibromatosis 1

A 29-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) due to NF1 gene deletion presented for evaluation of long-standing secondary amenorrhea. She noted increasing growth of her hands and feet, inability to fit her ring on her fingers and increasing shoe size (currently US size 12). Physical examination revealed coarse and asymmetrical facial features, arthropathy with large hands and feet and multiple cafe-au-lait lesions. Biochemical evaluation was consistent with growth hormone (GH) and prolactin excess. Pituitary MRI with T1-weighted images showed a voluminous and symmetrically enlarged gland (overall …
Ranking university innovation: a critical history

Noting that university rankings are not new, this article reviews the effects of more than a century of higher education ranking schemes. It notes that a pursuit of high rankings has led not to “innovation” but rather to “imitation” and institutional conformity. It uses three US education thinkers—Thorstein Veblen, John Dewey, and Joseph Jastrow—to show how rankings drove American universities to pursue international publicity and profit rather than local service to the public good. Significantly, the result of a competition for external rankings was a loss of internal academic creativity and autonomy. The article concludes with two proposals, or thought experiments, concerning alternative rankings strategies.
Forage quality and grazing steer performance from Tifton 85 and Tifton 78 bermudagrass pastures.

A new high-yielding bermudagrass hybrid, Tifton 85, produced 26% higher DM yield (P = .05) with 11% higher IVDMD (P = .05) than Coastal in two 3-yr yield trials. Tifton 78 and Tifton 85 were established in duplicate .81-ha pastures in 1988 and were grazed during 1989, 1990, and 1991 using a variable stocking rate method. Four tester steers per pasture with 269 kg initial BW grazed continuously for 169 d/yr beginning in April. Forage mass, targeted at 2,800 kg of DM/ha, was maintained by adjusting stocking rates at 14-d intervals to correspond with ground-level forage samples taken at 14-d intervals. Pastures received 84 kg of N/ha in March, June, and August of each year. Nutritive value was assessed using whole masticate samples from two esophageal cannulated steers grazing each pasture in late May, mid-July, or early September. The 3-yr mean masticate analyses revealed similar CP for Tifton 78 and Tifton 85 in May and July, but higher (P < .05) CP for Tifton 85 than for Tifton 78 in September. The IVDMD was higher (P < .05) in May and September for Tifton 85 than for Tifton 78; and, mean and medium particle sizes were greater (P < .05) for Tifton 85 than for Tifton 78 in May, July, and September samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Androgen and estrogen receptors in placental physiology and dysfunction

The placenta is recognized as an endocrine organ, largely due to its secretions of steroid hormones, including progesterone, androgens, and estrogens. Steroid hormones play an essential role in the progression of pregnancy, fetal development, and growth. Furthermore, steroids are necessary for establishment and maintenance of a normal pregnancy, preparing the endometrium for implantation, stimulating endometrial secretions, and regulating uterine blood flow, however the exact mechanism of sex steroid signaling through their receptors in placental function is unknown. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge on sex steroid receptors in normal placental development, as well as evidence of abnormal signaling associated with placental dysfunction. A systematic literature search was performed using the NCBI PubMed search engine, including the following key works: estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, placenta, placental development, cytotrophoblast, and differentiation. Of the over 700 articles that were returned, 125 studies focused on estrogen and androgen receptors in human placenta development and function during normal and abnormal pregnancy, as well as in rodents and ruminants placentae. Receptors for both estrogens and androgens have been localized within the mammalian placenta, but surprisingly little is known about their signaling in trophoblast cell differentiation and function. An emerging picture is developing in which estrogen receptors possibly play role in cytotrophoblast proliferation and extravillous trophoblast invasion, whereas androgen receptors are involved in syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and function.
Socio-Cultural Adaptation Through Leisure Among Chinese International Students: An Experiential Learning Approach

This study adopted experiential learning theory to examine the role of leisure in socio-cultural adaptation among international students from China. It explored how international students integrate...
Exercise-induced hyperemia is associated with knee extensor fatigability in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Although prior studies compare patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with lean controls, our study includes controls matched for age, body mass, and physical activity to more closely assess...
Using distributed agents to optimize thermal energy storage

Abstract The Intelligent Building Agents Laboratory (IBAL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will be used to develop and evaluate advanced control systems for commercial building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications. Advanced control techniques include model predictive control (MPC) and distributed optimization, both of which can utilize machine learning. This study is a first step in the development of more advanced techniques. MPC is used to generate an optimal schedule for the operation of a cooling plant consisting of ice-on-coil thermal energy storage and two chillers with different maximum capacities. The schedule is generated offline and then used in the IBAL. The performance of the actual system is used to validate the simulation. The simulation is then used to conduct studies relating to the effect of the time horizon and electrical tariff on the optimal schedule. The results demonstrate that an agent-based control architecture is effective in defining optimal control of thermal energy storage systems.
Risk of skin rash with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

9092 Background: Rash is a common, adverse event to the novel proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade). Indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, bortezomib is the ...
Vault perforation after eccentric glenoid reaming for deformity correction in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background The management of glenoid deformity during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty remains controversial. In this study, we evaluate variable correction of glenoid deformity by eccentric reaming. We hypothesize that partial correction of modified Walch B/C-type glenoid deformities can achieve 75% bone-implant contact area (BICA) with a reduced vault perforation risk compared with complete correction. Methods Fifty shoulder computed tomographic scans with glenohumeral osteoarthritis were retrospectively evaluated. The Tornier BluePrint v2.1.5 software simulated 3 eccentric reaming scenarios including no, partial, and complete deformity correction. Each scenario was evaluated at 4 BICAs and using 3 implant fixation types. Three-dimensional surface representations were used to evaluate medialization and vault perforation. Results The patients had mean glenoid retroversion and inclination of 18.5° and 8.8°, respectively, and mean posterior humeral head subluxation of 76%. With 75% BICA, the 3 fixation types had glenoid vault perforation in 6%-26% and 26%-54% of cases for partial and complete glenoid deformity correction, respectively. The central and posterior-inferior implant components were most likely to perforate across all scenarios. Discussion Eccentric reaming for glenoid deformity correction increases the risk of vault perforation. Severe glenoid deformity required increased medialization to achieve 75% BICA. Pegged implants have increased chances of perforation compared with a keeled design; the central and posterior-inferior components were most likely to perforate during deformity correction. Conclusion Partial deformity correction of modified Walch B/C-type glenoid deformities can achieve 75% BICA while reducing the risk of vault perforation compared with complete correction at the time of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.
Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Nasal CSF Leaks and Encephaloceles

To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pediatric nasal encephaloceles. Encephaloceles and meningoencephaloceles are on the differential diagnosis for congenital midline nasal masses. These lesions are treated surgically to prevent craniofacial deformities and meningitis and to address symptoms such as a nasal obstruction, feeding difficulties, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. With the advent of endoscopic skull base approaches and instruments, surgical treatment of nasal encephaloceles have transitioned from large bicoronal external approaches to more minimally invasive endonasal endoscopic approaches. Endoscopic surgical approaches are safe in pediatric patients. Pediatric intranasal encephaloceles are more frequently managed endoscopically. However, due to the rarity of this condition, further multi-institutional research is needed to examine long-term outcomes for this surgical approach.
Vascular Permeability Disruption Explored in the Proteomes of Mouse Lungs and Human Microvascular Cells Following Acute Bromine Exposure

Bromine (Br2) is an organohalide found in nature and is integral to many manufacturing processes. Br2 is toxic to living organisms, and high concentrations can prove fatal. To meet industrial deman...
Combining bottom-up monitoring and top-down accountability: A field experiment on managing corruption in Uganda:

Citizen monitoring of government performance is often ineffective at improving performance, perhaps because information from monitoring does not make it far enough up in the chain of bureaucracy wh...
Integrating nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and microlensing for high-sensitivity self-reporting detection.

We use electron-beam patterned functional microgels to integrate self-reporting molecular beacons, dielectric microlenses, and solid-phase and/or solution-phase nucleic acid amplification in a viral-detection microarray model. The detection limits for different combinations of these elements range from 10−10 M for direct target-beacon hybridization alone to 10−18 M when all elements are integrated simultaneously.
Autonomic Dysreflexia After Spinal Cord Injury: Beyond the Basics

The purpose of this article is to update health care providers on recommended identification and management strategies for autonomic dysreflexia (AD), as well as an in-depth discussion of pharmacological management of AD. In addition, this article will focus on prevention strategies and less commonly recognized causes of AD. Clinical practice guidelines are available with effective evaluation and management strategies to treat individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) presenting to health care professionals with AD. Three common yet easily overlooked causes of AD are distended urinary leg drainage bags preventing the flow of urine from the bladder, abdominal binders, and pressure injuries. Prevention strategies for those with recurrent AD include treatment with alpha-blockers. Autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially life-threatening emergency which requires quick recognition, identification of the cause, and pharmacological management as the cause is being reversed. Excellent guidelines have been developed for the evaluation and management of AD.
Off-Axis Neutrino Scattering in GRB Central Engines

The search for an understanding of an energy source great enough to explain the gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomena has attracted much attention from the astrophysical community since its discovery. In this paper we extend the work of K. Asano and T. Fukuyama, and J. D. Salmonson and J. R. Wilson, and analyze the off-axis contributions to the energy-momentum deposition rate (MDR) from the �¯ collisions above a rotating black hole/thin accretion disk system. Our calculations are performed by imaging the accretion disk at a specified observer using the full geodesic equations, and calculating the cumulative MDR from the scattering of all pairs of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos arriving at the observer. Our results shed light on the beaming efficiency of GRB models of this kind. Although we confirm Asano and Fukuyama’s conjecture as to the constancy of the beaming for small angles away from the axis; nevertheless, we find the dominant contribution to the MDR comes from near the surface of the disk with a tilt of approximately �/4 in the direction of the disk’s rotation. We find that the MDR at large radii is directed outward in a conic section centered around the symmetry axis and is larger, by a factor of 10 to 20, than the on-axis values. By including this off-axis disk source, we find a linear dependence of the MDR on the black hole angular momentum (a). In addition, we find that scattering is directed back onto the black hole in regions just above the horizon of the black hole. This gravitational “in scatter” may provide an observable high energy signature of the central engine, or at least another channel for accretion.
MPN-288: Molecular Characteristics of IDH2-Mutated, Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative, Advanced-Phase Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treated with Enasidenib

Context: Approximately 20% of acclerated-phase/blast-phase (AP/BP), Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-negative) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation. We previously reported on encouraging clinical outcomes in IDH2-mutated MPN-AP/BP patients treated with enasidenib (an IDH2 inhibitor) (Patel et al, BJH 2020). Mechanisms of resistance to IDH inhibition in AML have been reported but without a specific focus on the MPN-AP/BP population. Objective: Analyze molecular characteristics of IDH2-mutated, Ph-negative MPN-AP/BP patients treated with enasidenib at diagnosis, best response, and relapse. Design/Setting: Retrospective single-center analysis of IDH1/2-mutated, Ph-negative, MPN-AP/BP patients that received treatment with an IDH inhibitor from 2009-2019. Patients: IDH1/2-mutated patients were identified utilizing our institutional next-generation sequencing (NGS) database. 8 MPN-AP/BP patients (7 MPN-BP, 1 MPN-AP) that received an IDH inhibitor were identified; all had an IDH2 mutation and received enasidenib. Main Outcomes: Mutant variant allele frequencies (VAFs) and co-occurring pathogenic mutations in addition to IDH2 and canonical MPN mutations (co-mutations). Results: Median overall survival was 338 days (range 26–1341) and overall response rate using 2012 MPN-BP criteria was 75%. All eight patients had a canonical MPN mutation (7 JAK2, 1 MPL). Patients had a median of two co-mutations (range 1–4). NGS data were available for four patients at best response; IDH2 became undetectable in two patients [one with a partial acute leukemia response (ALR-P), and one with a complete acute leukemia response (ALR-C)], while two had persistence (1 ALR-P, 1 ALR-C). The median number of co-mutations at best response was 1 (range 0–4). Three patients had NGS at time of relapse. One patient's IDH2 mutation became detectable again, one had persistence of the mutation, and one's IDH2 mutation remained undetectable. All three patients acquired additional mutations at time of relapse, with a median of four co-mutations (range 4–5). Of note, canonical MPN mutations persisted at best response and at relapse for each patient. Conclusions: Canonical MPN mutations persist with IDH inhibition, even if the IDH mutation is undetectable, which may lead to acquisition of additional pathogenic mutations at relapse. Combination therapy approaches capable of inducing deep molecular responses of the IDH-mutated clone and MPN clone should be prospectively evaluated.
Machine learning assisted discovery of new thermoset shape memory polymers based on a small training dataset

Abstract In the past couple of years, machine learning (ML) has been widely leveraged in discovering functional materials. However, several difficulties seriously impede the application of ML in the field of thermoset shape memory polymers (TSMPs), e.g., the intractable feature identification or fingerprinting, inadequate experimental data on recovery stress, programming stress, strain, and lack of multilength scale structural information. Hence there is currently a lack of studies towards ML-assisted discovery of TSMPs. In this study, we propose a series of methodologies to cope with the difficulties, i.e., adopting the most recently proposed linear notation BigSMILES in fingerprinting, supplementing existing dataset by reasonable approximation, leveraging a mixed dimension (1D and 2D) input model, and a type of dual-convolutional-model framework. By doing these, a new ML framework for predicting the recovery stresses of TSMPs is developed, which is validated by synthesizing and testing two new epoxy networks predicted by the ML model. By forging new TSMPs space with 4,459 samples, the ML model identified and screened 14 mostly unknown TSMPs with greater recovery stress than the known TSMPs. One of the 14 predicted polymers was validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This study demonstrates the capability of our methodologies for discovering new TSMPs with desired recovery stress by a small training dataset, and may be adopted for discovering new TSMPs with other desired properties.
Identifying Interpretable Discrete Latent Structures from Discrete Data

High dimensional categorical data are routinely collected in biomedical and social sciences. It is of great importance to build interpretable models that perform dimension reduction and uncover meaningful latent structures from such discrete data. Identifiability is a fundamental requirement for valid modeling and inference in such scenarios, yet is challenging to address when there are complex latent structures. In this article, we propose a class of interpretable discrete latent structure models for discrete data and develop a general identifiability theory. Our theory is applicable to various types of latent structures, ranging from a single latent variable to deep layers of latent variables organized in a sparse graph (termed a Bayesian pyramid). The proposed identifiability conditions can ensure Bayesian posterior consistency under suitable priors. As an illustration, we consider the two-latent-layer model and propose a Bayesian shrinkage estimation approach. Simulation results for this model corroborate identifiability and estimability of the model parameters. Applications of the methodology to DNA nucleotide sequence data uncover discrete latent features that are both interpretable and highly predictive of sequence types. The proposed framework provides a recipe for interpretable unsupervised learning of discrete data, and can be a useful alternative to popular machine learning methods.
Dietary supplementation of dried plum: a novel strategy to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.

Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry, causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’ health and performance. Dried plum (DP) is a good source of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits, such as maintaining the body’s redox system, immune status, and calcium hemostasis. Based on the health benefits of DP, we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens. To test the hypothesis, day-old broiler chicks (n = 72) were randomly allocated to three treatment groups (n = 24/group): no heat stress (NHS), heat stress (HS), and heat stress with dried plum (HS + DP), and reared under standard conditions. The inclusion of 2.5% DP in the feed of the HS + DP group was made during the treatment period, while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet. After 21 days, birds in the HS and HS + DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions (33 °C for 8 h during daytime) for 3 weeks, while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions (22–24 °C). Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight, ADG, ADFI, and increased FCR compared to the NHS group, whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group. Furthermore, supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes (HSF1, HSF3, HSP70, and HSP90), antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX3, PRDX1, and TXN), tight junction-related genes (CLDN1, and OCLN), and immune-related genes (IL4, MUC2) in the ileum as compared to the HS group. The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales, Christensenellaceae, Bacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group. Further, DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate, propionate, and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS + DP group as compared to the HS group. These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds. Thus, dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.
Ethnic Minority Leadership: A Theoretical Perspective

Although numerous approaches have been utilized to study leadership (focusing on traits, attributes, styles, roles, situations, performance, results, and so on), there is no agreement on the idal approach. The debate over this issue especially as related to the study of ethnic minority leadership continues. In this paper two major approaches the "Great Main or Trait" and the "Times or Situational" approaches are examined, and the latter is presented as a viable theoretical framework for studying the ethnic minority