cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined extraction of acyl carnitines and 26:0 lysophosphatidylcholine from dried blood spots: prospective newborn screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

Abstract X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a severe genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, and the adrenal cortex. Newborn screening for X-ALD has been proposed to allow improved diagnosis along with prospective monitoring and treatment for this severe disorder. Newborn dried whole blood spot (DBS) 26:0 lysophosphatidyl choline was validated as a diagnostic marker for X-ALD and other peroxisomal disorders of peroxisomal β-oxidation. In this study, we developed a new one step extraction procedure that simultaneously extracts acyl carnitines and the lysophosphatidyl cholines from DBS. Further analysis of these metabolites has been performed by two different high throughput LC–MS/MS methods. The 26:0 lysophosphatidyl choline levels in this study were consistent with previously published values and discriminate between healthy and abnormal profiles. There is a very minor modification to the original acyl carnitine extraction procedure and our data indicates that there is no significant effect on acyl carnitine levels in DBS. Our new method potentially can be complementary to the current newborn screening panel. It successfully combines the existing method for acyl carnitine analysis and 26:0 lysophosphatidyl choline that can be applied for prospective X-ALD newborn screening.
Are proteins made of modules

Analysis of a set of well characterized enzymes shows that the size of a protein subunit is directly related to the number of unique ligand binding functions described for the particular enzyme. The average size increment is about 5 000 Da per ligand binding function. This value corresponds very well to: (a) the amount of polypeptide chain required to form a stable folded structure, and (b) the size of polypeptide coded by the average exon. This reinforces the hypothesis that exon-coded modules are basic architectural units for proteins. Key predictive elements of this hypothesis are: 1) generally each module has a unique function, such as the ability to bind a specific ligand; 2) the size of an enzyme subunit should be determined by the number of modules required to accomplish the enzyme's biological role.
Double-Contrast MRI for Accurate Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a double-contrast MRI protocol in staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary liver care center. Forty-eight patients with cirrhosis underwent double-contrast MRI for clinical care and liver transplantation. For each MRI examination, superparamagnetic iron oxide was infused, and 2D T2*-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled echo and T2-weighted echo-train spin-echo MR images were obtained for assessment of phagocytic function. Immediately afterward, a low-molecular-weight gadolinium compound was injected, and 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled echo images were acquired dynamically for assessment of vascularity. Two blinded radiologists independently reviewed all MR images and assigned per-lesion and perpatient cancer confidence scores to determine the American Liver Tumor Study Group tumor stage. The imaging-based cancer scores and tumor ...
Strange Craft, Strange History, Strange Folks: Cultural Amnesia and the Case for Lesbian and Gay Studies

The academy today is only vaguely aware that its racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual makeup does not reflect the diversity of the society that surrounds it. When the university fails to encompass lesbian and gay studies, it loses not only knowledge of the presence of homosexuality in history and culture but analysis of homophobia and the role it has played in constructing the present. What is at stake is the integrity of the Western tradition of scholarship. The question is whether its studies can be objective, thorough, accurate, and complete-in a word, scholarly-as long as subjects like homosexuality, homosexual persons, and homophobia are systematically excluded.
Exercise, cognitive function, and aging

Increasing the lifespan of a population is often a marker of a country's success. With the percentage of the population over 65 yr of age expanding, managing the health and independence of this population is an ongoing concern. Advancing age is associated with a decrease in cognitive function that ultimately affects quality of life. Understanding potential adverse effects of aging on brain blood flow and cognition may help to determine effective strategies to mitigate these effects on the population. Exercise may be one strategy to prevent or delay cognitive decline. This review describes how aging is associated with cardiovascular disease risks, vascular dysfunction, and increasing Alzheimer's disease pathology. It will also discuss the possible effects of aging on cerebral vascular physiology, cerebral perfusion, and brain atrophy rates. Clinically, these changes will present as reduced cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and the onset of dementia. Regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function, and we hypothesize that this occurs through beneficial adaptations in vascular physiology and improved neurovascular coupling. This review highlights the potential interactions and ideas of how the age-associated variables may affect cognition and may be moderated by regular exercise.
Relationship of Individualized Teaching Strategies to Academic Learning Time for Mainstreamed Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Students

The purpose of the investigation was to study Academic Learning Time (ALT) of mainstreamed handicapped and nonhandicapped students. ALT was obtained on 60 nonhandicapped and 60 mainstreamed handicapped students in elementary school physical education classes. Subjects were selected from the classes of 7 teachers classified as individualized instruction users and 7 teachers classified as nonusers. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance was used in the data analysis. Results indicated that the students in the classes of users of individualized instruction were engaged in a significantly greater amount of ALT than were students of nonusers. There was no significant difference in the amount of ALT engaged in by mainstreamed handicapped and regular students.
An algorithm for source coding

We derive a simple algorithm for the ranking of binary sequences of length n and weight w . This algorithm is then used for source encoding a memoryless binary source that generates O's with probability q and l's with probability p = 1 - q .
Nonpolarized Cells Selectively Sort Apical Proteins from Cell Surface to a Novel Compartment, but Lack Apical Retention Mechanisms

Membrane trafficking is central to establishing and maintaining epithelial cell polarity. One open question is to what extent the mechanisms regulating membrane trafficking are conserved between nonpolarized and polarized cells. To answer this question, we examined the dynamics of domain-specific plasma membrane (PM) proteins in three classes of hepatic cells: polarized and differentiated WIF-B cells, nonpolarized and differentiated Fao cells, and nonpolarized and nondifferentiated Clone 9 cells. In nonpolarized cells, mature apical proteins were uniformly distributed in the PM. Surprisingly, they were also in an intracellular compartment. Double labeling revealed that the compartment contained only apical proteins. By monitoring the dynamics of antibody-labeled molecules in nonpolarized cells, we further found that apical proteins rapidly recycled between the compartment and PM. In contrast, the apical PM residents in polarized cells showed neither internalization nor return to the basolateral PM from which they had originally come. Cytochalasin D treatment of these polarized cells revealed that the retention mechanisms are actin dependent. We conclude from these data that both polarized and nonpolarized cells selectively sort apical proteins from the PM and transport them to specific, but different cellular locations. We propose that the intracellular recycling compartment in nonpolarized cells is an intermediate in apical surface formation.
Social loafing in electronic brainstorming: invoking social comparison through technology and facilitation techniques to improve group productivity

This paper reports a study of electronic brainstorming that begins with field experience, moves through theory building and experimentation and ends with practical guidance for facilitators and developers. The paper argues that social loafing impairs the productivity of electronic brainstorming groups, and that social comparison is a way to decrease the effect(s) of social loafing. By inducing social comparison with a graphical feedback tool we increased the output of EBS groups by 23%. By increasing the salience of the social comparison treatment with facilitation techniques we improved the output of EBS groups by an additional 33%. >
Molecular basis for the differences in lidocaine binding and regioselectivity of oxidation by cytochromes P450 2B1 and 2B2.

The interactions of lidocaine (LIDO) with two closely related P450s, 2B1 and 2B2, were investigated using chimeric enzymes and single-point mutants derived from the two proteins. P450 2B1 exclusively catalyzed the N-deethylation of LIDO to generate monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and 2B2 catalyzed both N-deethylation and hydroxylation reactions to generate MEGX and ˆ-diethylamino- 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylacetanilide. The addition of LIDO to 2B2 evoked a type I binding spectral change with a measured Ks of approximately 20 IM. The magnitude of the change in the absorbance obtained following the binding of LIDO to 2B2 was indicative of an approximately 30% switch of the heme iron to the high-spin form. In contrast, the addition of LIDO to 2B1 resulted in less than a 1% shift to the high-spin form even at LIDO concentrations as high as 10 mM. P450 2B2 exhibited a low Km value for LIDO (62 IM), whereas 2B1 had an approximately 10-fold higher Km value. However, the rates of LIDO oxidation by 2B1 were approximately 200-fold those exhibited by 2B2. Substitution of 2B2 residues by 2B1-derived amino acids influenced the spectral binding, regioselectivity of LIDO oxidation, and the kinetic properties of the enzyme. With the 2B2 Ala-363 to Val mutant, a complete switch of the 2B2 mutant to catalyzing only the N-deethylation activity was observed. The altered regioselectivity was accompanied with approximately 10-fold increases in the measured Ks, Km, and kcat values for LIDO.
Larger groups may alleviate collective action problems

This paper shows how larger group size can enhance punishing behavior in social dilemmas and hence support higher levels of cooperation. We focus on describing con‡ict technology using Lanchester's equations and study the role of "collectivity"of punishment to support cooperation in large groups. The main results suggest that as long as defectors are, even slightly, less "collective"than punishers, Lanchester's law can be applied to show that a smaller proportion of punishers can successfully eliminate defectors as the size of the population increases.
Phenetic relationships among different races of Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke from West Africa

Striga gesnerioides is a root hemiparasite that primarily parasitizes dicotyledonous species, including cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and other legumes. Based on the differential resistance respons...
Real and Reciprocal Space Imaging of Radiation-Induced Defects in BCC Fe

It is important to determine the number and configuration of point defects that survive atomic displacement cascades in irradiated materials since only those defects that escape recombination are able to contribute to radiation induced property changes such as void swelling, hardening, embrittlement, and irradiation creep. Simulations of displacement cascades using molecular dynamics are being used to provide a description of the most probable surviving defects. In the case of interstitial-type defects in iron, these are predicted to be and type dumbbells and crowdions, along with small clusters of these same defects. Diffuse x-ray and neutron scattering provides a direct method for obtaining detailed information on the displacement fields both near to and far away from the defects in addition to information on the particular position of the defect. To analyze such radiation damage with diffuse scattering we have modeled reciprocal space diffraction from crystals with variously oriented dumbbells and small clusters. Diffuse scattering measurements between and close to Bragg reflections are sensitive to the orientation of the dumbbells, and the size and type of the small clusters at sizes that are too small to analyze by electron microscopy. Displacement of the near neighbors induces diffuse scattering in regions between the Bragg peaks, whereas the long range part of the displacement field results in Huang scattering close to the Bragg reflections. Simulation of diffuse scattering by different interstitial defects around (h00), (hh0), (hhh), (3h,h, 0) reflections demonstrates that each defect type leads to distinct isointensity contours. These scattering signatures can be used to determine the type and configuration of the surviving interstitials.
Aluminum and Gallium Substitution into 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5Li(Ni0.375Mn0.375Co0.25)O2 Layered Composite and the Voltage Fade Effect

Lithium- and manganese-rich layered composite cathodes in the general form (Li2MnO3•LiMO2 ;M = transition metals), suffer from voltage profile suppression during cycling in Li-ion cells leading to overall gradual energy losses in the system. The suppression in cathode voltage which is called ‘voltage fade’ is a general phenomenon for these class of materials which needs to be understood and mitigated for enabling this chemistry in advanced Li-ion cells. Synthetic manipulation of the composition in 0.5Li2MnO3•0.5LiNi0.375Mn0.375Co0.25O2 (= Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 in layered notation) cathode material via aluminum and gallium substitution (max. 10%) via sol-gel reaction was completed and the voltage fade percentage was measured following a prescribed electrochemical testing protocol. While the specific capacities (∼ 250 mAh/g) are unaffected by the Al and Ga substitution (up to 5%),∼3 to 4% of the impedance-corrected average voltage is still lost (first 25 cycles) which is comparable to what the pristine material experiences. This result suggests that the path of structural change that occurs in the material during Li cycling is unaltered by synthetic manipulation of octahedral and/or tetrahedral sites though the use of Al and Ga non-redox active cations. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any
A History of Evidence in Medical Decisions From the Diagnostic Sign to Bayesian Inference

Bayesian inference in medical decision making is a concept that has a long history with 3 essential developments: 1) the recognition of the need for data (demonstrable scientific evidence), 2) the development of probability, and 3) the development of inverse probability. Beginning with the demonstrative evidence of the physician's sign, continuing through the development of probability theory based on considerations of games of chance, and ending with the work of Jakob Bernoulli, Laplace, and others, we will examine how Bayesian inference developed.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging and Culture

Research into the cognitive neuroscience of aging has revealed exciting and unexpected changes to the brain over the lifespan. However, studies have mostly been conducted on Western populations, raising doubts about the universality of age-related changes. Cross-cultural investigation of aging provides a window into the stability of changes with age due to neurobiology, as well as into the flexibility of aging due to life experiences that impact cognition. Behavioral findings suggest that different cultures process distinct aspects of information and employ diverse information-processing strategies. The study of aging allows us to identify those age-related neural changes that persist across cultures as well as the changes that are driven by culture-specific life experiences.
Spag16, an Axonemal Central Apparatus Gene, Encodes a Male Germ Cell Nuclear Speckle Protein that Regulates SPAG16 mRNA Expression

Spag16 is the murine orthologue of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PF20, a protein known to be essential to the structure and function of the "9+2" axoneme. In Chlamydomonas, the PF20 gene encodes a single protein present in the central pair of the axoneme. Loss of PF20 prevents central pair assembly/integrity and results in flagellar paralysis. Here we demonstrate that the murine Spag16 gene encodes two proteins: 71 kDa SPAG16L, which is found in all murine cells with motile cilia or flagella, and 35 kDa SPAG16S, representing the C terminus of SPAG16L, which is expressed only in male germ cells, and is predominantly found in specific regions within the nucleus that also contain SC35, a known marker of nuclear speckles enriched in pre-mRNA splicing factors. SPAG16S expression precedes expression of SPAG16L. Mice homozygous for a knockout of SPAG16L alone are infertile, but show no abnormalities in spermatogenesis. Mice chimeric for a mutation deleting the transcripts for both SPAG16L and SPAG16S have a profound defect in spermatogenesis. We show here that transduction of SPAG16S into cultured dispersed mouse male germ cells and BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells increases SPAG16L expression, but has no effect on the expression of several other axoneme components. We also demonstrate that the Spag16L promoter shows increased activity in the presence of SPAG16S. The distinct nuclear localization of SPAG16S and its ability to modulate Spag16L mRNA expression suggest that SPAG16S plays an important role in the gene expression machinery of male germ cells. This is a unique example of a highly conserved axonemal protein gene that encodes two protein products with different functions.
GAUGE INVARIANT PERTURBATIONS ON MOST GENERAL SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC SPACE-TIMES

The Einstein field equations and the conservation equations linearized around a most general (astrophysically relevant) spherically symmetric space-time are reduced to a set of equations for gauge-invariant geometrical objects defined on the two-dimensional timelike submanifold spanned by the radial and time coordinates. Odd-parity metric and matter perturbations are each expressed in terms of a vector field, matter perturbations in terms of an additional scalar field on this submanifold. Even-parity perturbations are expressed in terms of a symmetric tensor field and a scalar field for the metric and in terms of two scalars, a vector, and a symmetric tensor field for matter. The odd-parity vectorial perturbations are derivable from a single master scalar equation, and their junction conditions across the surface of a collapsing star are given.
Targeted CML therapy: Controlling drug resistance, seeking cure

Targeted cancer therapy with imatinib (Gleevec) has the capability to drive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) into clinical remission. Some patients, particularly those with advanced disease, develop resistance to imatinib. To counteract this problem, two new BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors for imatinib-refractory disease are currently in clinical trials: the imatinib derivative AMN107 and the dual-specificity SRC/ABL inhibitor dasatinib. Using imatinib to reduce leukemic burden also facilitates the detailed investigation into how the persistence of CML disease depends on BCR-ABL signaling, particularly within the leukemic stem cell compartment. Mathematical models of drug resistance and disease relapse, in addition to experimental systems that recapitulate crucial aspects of advanced disease have deepened our understanding of CML biology. Together, these advances are contributing to a high level of disease control, and might ultimately lead to disease eradication.
Relationships between suicide attitudes and indicators of mental health among adolescents

Abstract A growing body of research literature suggests a relationship between mental health status and attitudes toward suicide among adolescents. This paper reports two studies which explored opposite ends of the mental health continuum as they relate to suicide attitudes among young people. The first study compared attitudes toward suicide between a group of institutionalized 15–24 year olds and a group of college students. The second study assessed suicide attitudes among a group of college students with differing levels of mental health. Two major findings of these studies were that (a) young women with mental health problems severe enough to require institutionalization agree more with all reasons for suicide than do institutionalized males or males and females in a non-institutionalized group, and (b) students who score higher on one measure of self-actualization (inner-directedness) sympathize, empathize, and agree less with all reasons for suicide than do students who score lower on the same meas...
Seasonal distribution of the leafhopper Carneocephala floridana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in north Florida salt marshes

Abstract The leafhopper Carneocephala floridana Ball is a common inhabitant of the salt marshes of north Florida. Although C. floridana is not usually economically important, increased agriculture and residential development in coastal areas may result in this insect becoming a more common pest species. Carneocephala floridana, like other members of this genus, is a likely vector of Pierce’s disease of grapes. This study documents the yearly distribution of C. floridana among its most common native host plants. Although C. floridana was present during every month of the year, it reached its highest densities during the spring and summer months on mixed herbaceous plant communities. It also exhibited smaller population peaks on some monocultures of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, during the winter months, but these increases were most likely the result of immigration. Adult leafhoppers migrate from mixed herbaceous plant communities during the winter months, when these plan...
Smoking or My Job? US Media Coverage of Nonsmoker-Only Hiring Policies.

Media advocacy plays a critical role in tobacco control, shaping the content of news in ways that generate public support for tobacco control. We examined US media coverage of nonsmoker-only hiring policies, which have little US public support, exploring the extent to which tobacco control advocates and experts have engaged the media on this controversial issue.We searched online media databases (Lexis Nexis, Access World News, and Proquest) for articles published from 1995-2013, coding retrieved items through a collaborative, iterative process. We analyzed the volume, type, provenance, prominence, content and slant of coverage.We found 1,159 media items on nonsmoker-only hiring policies, most published in local newspapers in regions where such policies were enacted. The most common reason given for implementing such policies was to reduce healthcare costs. Most news items offered reasons both to support and oppose such policies; thus, the slant of the majority of news items was neutral or mixed. Tobacco control advocates or experts were infrequently cited or quoted in news items, and rarely authored opinion pieces. Those who expressed opinions were more likely to support than oppose nonsmoker-only hiring policies, for economic and health reasons. Ethical concerns about the policies were seldom raised.As presented in the media, nonsmoker-only hiring policies were primarily framed in terms of business cost savings and had little connection to health initiatives. Tobacco control advocates were rarely quoted and their positions were not consistent. Given their intrusiveness and the lack of strong evidence that such business policies actually do improve worker health, tobacco control advocates may feel that the status quo is preferable to engaging on a policy that the majority of Americans dislike.
A review of crowdfunding research and findings

An important barrier to commercializing innovations is the availability of early-stage funding. Given the difficulties that new ventures face in attracting financing from angel investors, banks and venture capital funds, some entrepreneurs are tapping into large, online communities of consumer-investors. Called “crowdfunding,” this relatively new form of informal venture financing allows entrepreneurs to directly appeal to the general public (i.e., the “crowd”) for help in getting their innovative ideas off the ground. Due to the rapidly growing interest in this online form of venture financing, academic research is beginning to explore the drivers behind successfully crowdfunded projects. In this chapter, we summarize the key findings from the empirical crowdfunding literature organized by the four types of crowdfunding platforms.
Survey of career satisfaction, lifestyle, and stress levels among pharmacy school faculty

Purpose U.S. pharmacy school faculty were surveyed to assess their career satisfaction, lifestyle, and stress levels. Methods A 48-item survey, administered through Qualtrics (Provo, UT), was sent to current members of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and included questions regarding respondents’ academic institution and appointment status; lifestyle traits; career satisfaction; work–life balance; neurologic and psychiatric diagnoses; use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco; and stress levels. Results of the 4787 faculty invited to participate in the survey, 811 usable surveys were collected (16.9% response rate). Nearly all respondents (95.0%) reported working 40 or more hours per week. The majority had an average daily one-way commute of less than 30 minutes (64.2%), slept 5.5–7.5 hours per night (74.8%), and exercised for no more than 120 minutes per week (61.8%). A majority of respondents (63.7%) reported being very or extremely satisfied with their current position in academia. Only 36.9% reported being very or extremely satisfied with their work—life balance. Mean perceived stress scores were near those found in the general adult population. Although most respondents reported seeing a primary care provider and dentist annually, other findings regarding preventive health measures were not as encouraging. Conclusion A survey of pharmacy faculty in the United States revealed high levels of job satisfaction among respondents, but lower levels of satisfaction with work–life balance and comparable levels of stress to the general population were found. Administrators and stakeholders should explore options to improve lifestyle factors to decrease potential burnout among faculty.
MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE RISK FACTORS

Studies of reproductive hazards in the workplace must address potential biases related to selection for employment. The National Natality Survey, a probability sample of live births to married women in 1980, was used to examine the relation between female employment during pregnancy and factors that might affect reproductive outcome by analyzing the 5,927 women with complete occupational data. Demographic and behavioral attributes as well as reproductive history were compared for the 3,712 women employed and the 2,215 women not employed during pregnancy. Employed mothers were of more optimal reproductive age, were more highly educated, had higher incomes, began prenatal care earlier, had greater weight gain during pregnancy, and were slightly less likely to be heavy smokers. Employed women had markedly fewer previous births and less favorable reproductive histories (more stillbirths, miscarriages, and induced abortions) than unemployed women, controlling for gravidity. Full- and part-time workers were similar with regard to demographic and behavioral characteristics, but part-time workers had higher parity. Differences were noted by employment sector: professional women had especially favorable demographic and behavioral traits, and women employed as operatives and service workers were less advantaged. These results indicate that substantial differences in pregnancy-related risk factors exist in relation to employment, with working women generally having more favorable demographic and behavioral characteristics and less favorable reproductive histories. This pattern could produce selection bias in studies of work and reproductive health, and it encourages the restriction of comparison groups to other employed women, with a need to consider heterogeneity among working women as well.
An adaptive dual-optimal path-planning technique for unmanned air vehicles

A multi-objective technique for unmanned air vehicle path-planning generation through task allocation has been developed. The dual-optimal path-planning technique generates real-time adaptive flight paths based on available flight windows and environmental influenced objectives. The environmentally-influenced flight condition determines the aircraft optimal orientation within a downstream virtual window of possible vehicle destinations that is based on the vehicle’s kinematics. The intermittent results are then pursued by a dynamic optimization technique to determine the flight path. This path-planning technique is a multi-objective optimization procedure consisting of two goals that do not require additional information to combine the conflicting objectives into a single-objective. The technique was applied to solar-regenerative high altitude long endurance flight which can benefit significantly from an adaptive real-time path-planning technique. The objectives were to determine the minimum power required flight paths while maintaining maximum solar power for continual surveillance over an area of interest (AOI). The simulated path generation technique prolonged the flight duration over a sustained turn loiter flight path by approximately 2 months for a year of flight. The potential for prolonged solar powered flight was consistent for all latitude locations, including 2 months of available flight at 60° latitude, where sustained turn flight was no longer capable.
The Theory of Optical Squares

(1904). The Theory of Optical Squares. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 32-36.
Monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders in Shenyang City from 2005-2010

[Objective]To understand the iodine nutrition situation of residents in Shenyang City from 2005-2010,to identify the existing problem timely,and provide evidence for government to develop iodine deficiency disorders control strategies.[Methods]In accordance with the requirements of the"National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program",wholesale enterprises and residents were selected as iodized salt monitoring objects,children aged 8-10 years and adults were recruited as disease monitoring objects.[Results] Iodized salt passing rate and batches passing rate of Shenyang municipal and county level iodized salt wholesale enterprises were all 100%.Passing rate of iodized salt among residents,coverage rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt were all above 95%,non-iodized salt rate was less than 3%.Goiter rate of children by palpation was lower than 5% since 2005.The median of urinary iodine was not significantly different between children and adults,it was at the appropriate level of iodine nutrition,urinary iodine 50 μg / L accounted for 0.8%.[Conclusion]The iodized salt monitoring results over years shows that iodine nutrition levels of residents have been steady within national standards of iodine deficiency elimination in Shenyang City
Probability Assessment and Life Prediction of Propellant Storage Vessel Based on J-Integral

To estimate the influence of crack on propellant storage vessel life reliability,based on J-integral failure rule and allowable failure probaility according to importance degree principle,and combined with the material fracture toughness Jic and the fatigue crack propagation speed test,the probaility security assessment model and fatigue life prediction model of propellant storage vessel were established respectively by probaility fatigue method.At last,a numerical example of LD10 storage vessel was given to explain the process of probaility security assessment and life prediction.Also,Rackwitz-Skov and Mont-Carlo methods were used to computer reliability and residual life.
Service Development and Business and Operation Models of IPTV

IPTV, as a newborn thing, is restricted on market operation by multiple factors. Therefore, exploration is needed in respect of its business, operations and service provision models. First, an IPTV industry value chain can be formed by integrating the advantages of the existing business models of telecommunication, broadcasting and TV, and Internet industries, which helps realize win-win cooperation of all the parties on the chain. Second, plans for technology implementation and network deployment should be made after comprehensive consideration according to various development stages of IPTV. Third, a reasonable profit allocation model may promote the growth of IPTV services. Last, market competitiveness will be improved by services binding. Generally, IPTV will become a breakthrough point for the strategic transformation of telecom operators, and meet their innovation demands. Therefore, IPTV is expected to be a promising technology helping telecom operators find more growth space in the information communication field.
Actual Versus Self-Reported Consumer Behavior: An Empirical Investigation of a Socially Desirable Behavior

The consumer behavior literature indicates that self reporting of past behavior introduces substantial errors although the evidence on the analytical effort of the errors is inconclusive. The comparative analysis of self reported and recorded contributions to a performing arts fund leads to different conclusions about the relative significance of exploratory variables. The efforts of telescoping and forgetting are also estimated using a response error model.
Una cuestión de percepción: Impacto de dieferencias de valores entre paciente y terapeuta sobre alianza y resultados.

espanolLos valores del paciente son importantes en psicoterapia, aunque pocos terapeutas abordan esta cuestion, particularmente en relacion con sus propios valores. Dado que la nocion de neutralidad del terapeuta se ha abandonado, muchos buscan practicas basadas en la evidencia y sensibilidad cultural, pero solo existen pocas investigaciones sobre valores en psicoterapia. Este estudio investigo el impacto de diferencias de valores percibidos por pacientes y diferencias reales entre 29 diadas paciente-terapeutas sobre la alianza terapeutica y los resultados de tratamiento. No hubo correlacion significativa entre diferencias reales con alianza ni resultados. Sin embargo, la semejanza percibida de valores correlaciono con una alianza terapeutica mas fuerte. Se discuten los resultados por sus implicaciones para la practica clinica, incluyendo las expectativas y preferencias de los pacientes. EnglishPatient values are important in psychotherapy, though few therapists address this issue—particularly in relation to his or her own values. Given that the idea of therapist neutrality has been abandoned, practitioners seeking to provide evidence-based and culturally sensitive care are limited by the small existing values literature. This study explored the impact of patients’ perceptions of value differences, in addition to actual value differences between 29 patient-therapist dyads, on working alliance and outcomes. Actual value differences between patients and therapists were not significantly associated with outcome or alliance. However, patients’ perceived value similarity was associated with stronger therapeutic alliance. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical practice, including the importance of discussing expectations and preferences with patients.
Prohibition Gangsters: The Rise and Fall of a Bad Generation. By Marc Mappen. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013. Pp. 256. $24.95.)

This volume is a collective biography of the legendary characters from the Prohibition era who turned organized crime into big business. Marc Mappen explores the most notorious crimes, the bloody v...
Herbivore and parasitoid insects respond differently to annual and perennial floral strips in an alfalfa ecosystem

Abstract Non-crop flowering habitats have the potential to support natural enemies and improve biological control of insect crop pests. However, these habitats can also harbor pests. We evaluated the impact of annual and perennial flower mixtures on insect communities within a field crop landscape. The experiment consisted of alfalfa planted adjacent to strips of either an annual flower mix, a perennial flower mix, or control grass. Arthropods were vacuum collected from both the habitat strips and the adjacent alfalfa five times throughout the growing season, identified and sorted into functional groups of herbivores, predators, and parasitoids. Richness and evenness were also calculated for parasitoids, and parasitism of alfalfa weevil was measured in alfalfa. Perennial habitats bloomed earlier in the season, but annual habitats had a greater total number of open blooms. Herbivores were more abundant in annual flower and grass strips in the early season than in perennial flowers, whereas predators did not differ between habitats. Parasitoid abundance and family richness increased throughout the season in annual flower habitats and remained steady in the perennial flower and grass habitats. Parasitoid community composition in perennial flowers was distinct from those in grass and annual flowers. Both annual and perennial flower mixes supported distinct parasitoid communities with no evidence of pest spillover into adjacent alfalfa crops, although natural enemy abundances and biocontrol services in the alfalfa also were unchanged. Both flower mixes are viable candidates for adoption in semi-arid irrigated agricultural landscapes depending on the specific goals of land managers.
Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals— Past, Present, and Future

This session reflected on the evolution of biotechnology, industry, and this annual symposium for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals and speculated on future developments that can enhance their impacts. To structure a cohesive session covering areas appropriate for the silver anniversary meeting, presentations were invited in selected areas that offered complementary perspectives for the audience. Dr. Charles Scott, the founder of the annual symposium and its chair from 1978 through 1988, chaired this session, and the cochair was Dr. Charles Wyman, who was responsible for initiating alternate years in Colorado as symposium chair and cochair from 1988 to 1996.
Comparison of preferences in lip position using computer animated imaging.

The objectives of this study were to examine the esthetic preferences of lip position in males and females, and to compare them with each other and with a common orthodontic standard using a custom computer animation program. The sample consisted of 53 young adult subjects, 25 males and 28 females. The sample was divided into orthodontically treated and untreated subjects. ANOVA and Scheffe tests were carried out to determine differences between the responses of the various groups. Also, t-tests were used to compare subjects' responses to a commonly used orthodontic standard (Ricketts' E-line). The results indicated a sex-effect, with females preferring fuller lips than males. Significant differences were also found between orthodontically treated subjects and untreated subjects, with untreated subjects preferring fuller lips. Differences were significant at p<0.05. Furthermore, both males and females preferred lip fullness greater than the Ricketts' values.
Framework and Application of Testing Platform for Dispatching Control System

The function and performance testing of traditional dispatching control system mainly relies on the actual power grid environment and manual testing methods. It is difficult to discover the hidden problems of the dispatching control system. On the other hand, there is no systematic testing method for the feasibility of new technologies application in dispatching control system. This paper constructs a testing platform for dispatching control system. Testing environment is developed for dispatching control system at all levels, which integrates the primary and secondary system simulation. And testing scenarios for the platform, various applications, and complex functions are automatically generated. The overall testing and evaluation for dispatching control system are obtained by testing platform, which improves the comprehensiveness and completeness of testing and effectively reduces its hidden problems.
Efficacy of indocyanine green-loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for the surgical resection of orthotopic breast tumors

Breast cancer patients that experience complete removal of the primary tumor, or negative surgical margins (NSMs), benefit from decreased rates of local recurrence and increased survival. However, intraoperative margin detection is limited to visualization, palpation, and experience to identify malignant vs. healthy tissue. As a result, roughly 1/3 of patients treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) have residual cancer cells left at the resection border, or positive surgical margins (PSMs). Fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) is a promising alternative for intraoperative margin detection, providing surgeons with real-time feedback on tumor location, increasing the likelihood of achieving NSMs. Our past work has demonstrated that the use of self-assembled hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles improves the delivery of indocyanine green (ICG) to breast tumors, enhancing intraoperative tumor signal and contrast. This study built upon these findings by assessing the surgical efficacy of ICG-loaded HA nanoparticles (NanoICG) for the image-guided resection of orthotopic iRFP+/luciferase+ 4T1 breast tumors in BALB/c mice. Tumors were resected with FIGS in mice treated with ICG or NanoICG and compared to bright light surgery (BLS) or sham controls. Tumor growth and recurrence were monitored with bioluminescence imaging. NanoICG improved complete resection and prolonged tumorfree survival. Additionally, NanoICG provided greater intraoperative contrast in malignant tissue than ICG or BLS. Furthermore, NanoICG demonstrated a greater ability to identify small, occult lesions than ICG. Overall, the use of NanoICG for the fluorescence image-guided resection of breast tumors could potentially decrease PSM rates and improve complete tumor removal.
Bladder Networking: A Unique Case of Cholecystovesicular Fistula

ABSTRACTWe present a case of a 60-year-old woman with chronic lower abdominal pain and green urine. Further workup revealed a cholecystovesicular fistula (CVF), a newly coined term to indicate a fistula between the gallbladder and the urinary bladder. The CVF was treated surgically. The pathophysiol
The role of alcohol in collisions involving trucks and the fatally injured.

The role of alcohol was studied in collisions in which drivers of large trucks and pickup trucks were involved either as fatally injured or surviving drivers. Drivers of large trucks almost always were the survivors, usually were not at fault, and probably had not been drinking in any of their crashes. The fatally injured drivers or pedestrians who initiated the crashes commonly had high blood alcohol concentrations. In contrast, drivers of pickup trucks more often were fatally injured in these crashes, frequently were responsible for their crashes, and usually had high blood alcohol concentrations. Police reports were correct less than half the time concerning alcohol when they stated that fatally injured drivers or pedestrians had not been drinking but were responsible for the crashes. However, the police always were correct when they stated drivers or pedestrians had not been drinking and were not responsible for the crashes.
A Look Back to Move Forward: Expanding Queer Potentiality in Family Science

The inclusion of queer theory in family sciences is still a recent phenomenon. In this paper, we situate queer theory’s original integration into the field using Oswald, Blume, and Marks’ essay on decentering heteronormativity. We offer critiques and challenges to extend beyond the current conceptualization and provide a promise of queer theory in family science that envisions new queer possibilities to emerge. We contend that the queer promise must extend beyond mere LGBT studies and invite family scholars to consider how queer theory can be used to deconstruct and resist a normative frame of family. Specifically, we encourage scholars to examine the utopian demand of reproductive futurity, queer temporalities, and a needed analysis of homonormativity. We conclude with a discussion of barriers to such a queer promise.
Lack of evidence for associative learning in pea plants.

Associative learning is a simple learning ability found in most animals, which involves linking together two different cues. For example, the dogs in Pavlov’s famous experiment were trained to associate sound with the arrival of food, and eventually started salivating upon hearing the sound alone. Plants, like animals, are capable of complex behaviors. The snapping leaves of a Venus fly trap or the sun-tracking abilities of sunflowers are examples of instinctive responses to environmental cues that have evolved over many generations. Whether or not plants can learn during their lifetimes has remained unknown. A handful of studies have tested for associative learning in plants, the most convincing of which was published in 2016. In this study, pea plants were exposed to two signals: light, the plant version of dog food, and wind, equivalent to the sound in Pavlov’s experiment. Just as dogs salivate in response to food, plants instinctively grow towards light, whereas air flow does not affect the direction of growth. The plants were grown inside Y-shaped mazes and their ‘selection’ of one particular arm was used as a ‘read-out’ of learned behavior. The experiments trained growing plants by exposing them to wind and light from either the same direction or opposite directions. Once the plants were at the point of ‘choosing’ between the two arms, they were exposed to wind in the absence of light. Wind by itself appeared to influence the direction the trained plants took, with wind attracting plants trained with wind and light together and repelling plants trained with wind and light apart. Untrained plants remained unaffected, making random selections. These observations were interpreted as the strongest evidence of associative learning in plants and if true would have great scientific and philosophical significance. Kasey Markel therefore set out to confirm and expand on these findings by replicating the 2016 study. As many conditions as possible were kept identical, such as the training regime. The new experiments also used more plants and, most importantly, were done ‘blind’ meaning the people recording the data did not know how the plants had been trained. This ensured the expectations of the researcher would not influence the final results. The new study found no evidence for associative learning, but did not rule it out altogether. This is because some experimental details in the first study remained unknown, such as the exact model of lights and fans originally used. This work demonstrates the importance of replicating scientific experiments. In the future, Markel hopes their results will pave the way for further, rigorous testing of the hypothesis that plants can learn.