cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interaction of defoliation and nutrient uptake in Sporobolus kentrophyllus, a short-grass species from the serengeti plains.

Sporobolus kentrophyllus, a grazing-tolerant C4 grass from the southeastern Serengeti Plains, was grown in solution culture to examine the effects of clipping on the uptake, preference and subsequent transport of varying nitrogen forms. Clipping reduced offtake mass, crown mass ane root mass, resulting in a 58% decline in plant mass. Proportional biomass allocation to roots decreased with clipping, while tillering rates increased. Clipping also increased the nitrogen concentrations of all tissues, and plant nitrogen uptake (nitrogen accumulated throughout the experiment per gram root). The 15N concentrations (% atom excess) of all tissues were higher in clipped compared with unclipped plants, and the average 15N uptake rate of clipped plants was twice that of unclipped plants. The relative 15N allocation to aboveground mass, a measure of canopy sink strength, was higher in clipped plants. Plants fed 15N-ammonium or 15N-nitrate during the 15N pulse experiment had greater 15N tissue concentrations compared with urea-fed plants, and 15N uptake rates were higher in ammonium-fed and nitrate-fed plants, compared with urea-fed plants. The relative magnitudes of these differences were higher when plants were clipped. Clipped plants had higher uptake rates for potassium, phosphorus and sodium, while differences between clipping treatments for calcium, iron, and magnesium were indistinguishable. Rapid uptake rates for species on the southeastern Serengeti plains, particularly during grazing periods, have important implications for nutrient cycling in this system.
Party, Political Liberalism, and Redistribution: An Application to the American States

Scholars have devoted substantial effort to studying the conditions under which political party control affects public policy. One among several advantages for assessing party-policy impacts at the...
Analytic and numerical modeling of the transient dynamics of a microcantilever sensor

Microcantilevers have recently emerged as sensor components that hold the promise for robust detection of biological, chemical, and other security-related threats. Consequently, there has been a growing need to develop accurate and sophisticated methods for predicting a microcantilever's transient response to an arbitrary spatio-temporal load. To model the spatio-temporal dynamics of the microcantilever, the nonhomogeneous beam equation, a fourth-order partial differential equation, is used. This Letter presents an innovative analytical solution of this equation, including damping and spatio-temporal shifts. This solution is compared to a numerical, stable finite-differences implementation. Excellent agreement is shown for two examples of forcing by shifted spatio-temporal loads, including a finite-width Gaussian pulse. The computer code implementation is also discussed.
Yeast freeze-thaw survival rates as a function of different stages in the cell cycle

Abstract In the present study we demonstrate that the −80 °C freeze-thaw survival rate in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , is dependent upon specific stages in the cell cycle. Samples removed from synchronous cultures at appropriate intervals during the first three consecutive synchronous cell cycles were subjected to a −80 °C freeze-thaw protocol employing 10% glycerol as a cryoprotectant. Distinct cyclic changes in the percentage of viable cells in response to our freeze-thaw protocol were observed during each of the three consecutive synchronous cell generations examined. Maximum rates of survival occurred at the initiation of each new cell cycle and minimum rates of survival occurred approximately 30 min prior to each new cell cycle. These maximum and minimum rates of survival were shown to be correlated in time with maximum and minimum ratios of cellular phospholipid to membrane during each individual cell cycle.
A mass transfer model for simulating volatile organic compound emissions from ‘wet’ coating materials applied to absorptive substrates

Abstract A numerical model has been developed to simulate volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from ‘wet’ coating materials. The model considers the VOC mass transfer process in the air and material–air interface, and diffusion in the material film and also in the substrate. Our numerical simulations confirmed that the emissions from wet materials applied to an absorptive substrate are dominated by evaporation at the beginning followed by internal diffusion, which had been hypothesized based on previous experimental data. The numerical model has been validated based on the data from small-scale environmental chamber tests.
Variable phase grating optical aberrator.

We have developed and analyzed a heated laminar airflow device which introduces easily varied aberrations into optical beam trains. The aberrator produced nearly sinusoidal optical path differences of modulation 0 to 2λ (peak to valley) at a 355-nm wavelength and a spatial frequency of ~2 cycles/cm. The phase depth modulation was measured via lateral shearing interferometry and agreed with a sinusoidal near field phase to ~10%. The far field intensity profile was in qualitative agreement with the theory of focused model sinusoidal phase gratings.
The Strategic Role of the Emotions: Reconciling Over-And Undersocialized Accounts of Behavior

Rational choice theorists have often criticized the modern sociologist's tendency to view people as mere pawns of social forces. For their part, many sociologists regard rational choice theories as...
Outpatient Follow-Up After Psychiatric Hospitalization for Depression and Later Readmission and Treatment Adequacy

ObjectiveThe study evaluated whether timely postdischarge follow-up, a health system quality indicator, corresponded with improved longer-term posthospital care for depression.MethodsThe authors assessed outpatient mental health encounters, including telephone contact, within seven days of discharge among 56,785 Veterans Health Administration patients with an inpatient stay for major depression between 2005 and 2010. They also assessed readmission rates, antidepressant medication coverage, and psychotherapy visits for 90 days following discharge.ResultsThe percentage of patients who received outpatient follow-up within seven days of discharge increased from 39% to 75%. After adjustment for patient characteristics, patients were more likely to receive adequate psychotherapy in 2010 than in 2005 (odds ratio=1.29, 95% confidence interval=1.19–1.40). There were no significant changes in readmission or antidepressant treatment.ConclusionsTimely outpatient follow-up after hospitalization may not reduce readmiss...
Mon2 is a negative regulator of the monomeric G protein, Arl1

Using site-directed mutants of ARL1 predicted to alter nucleotide binding, we examined phenotypes associated with the loss of ARL1 , including effects on membrane traffic and K + homeostasis. The GTP-restricted allele, ARL[Q72L] , complemented the membrane traffic phenotype (CPY secretion), but not the K + homeostasis phenotypes (sensitivity to hygromycin B, steady-state levels of K + , and accumulation of 86 Rb + ), while the XTP-restricted mutant, ARL1[D130N] , complemented the ion phenotypes, but not the membrane traffic phenotype. A GDP-restricted allele, ARL1[T32N] , did not effectively complement either phenotype. These results are consistent with a model in which Arl1 has three different conformations in vivo. We also explored the relationship between ARL1 and MON2 using the synthetic lethal phenotype exhibited by these two genes and demonstrated that MON2 is a negative regulator of the GTP-restricted allele of ARL1 , ARL1[Q72L] . Finally, we constructed several new alleles predicted to alter binding of Arl1 to the sole GRIP domain containing protein in yeast, Imh1, and found that ARL1[F52G] and ARL1[Y82G] were unable to complement the loss of ARL1 with respect to either the membrane traffic or K + homeostasis phenotypes. Our study expands understanding of the roles of Arl1 in vivo.
Rib Reconstruction of the Absent Mandibular Condyle in Children

ObjectivesTo describe pediatric costochondral graft reconstruction of the absent mandibular condyle and to report the short-term and long-term outcomes and complications associated with performing this procedure in young children.Study DesignCase series with a retrospective chart review.SettingPediatric otolaryngology clinic and tertiary children’s hospital in a metropolitan area.Subjects and MethodsAll children treated for an absent mandibular condyle with a costochondral graft at Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota were identified from 2002 through 2011, and a retrospective chart review was performed.ResultsTen patients aged 3 to 11 years were identified. The most common diagnosis, in 8 of 10 patients, was oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome. Three of the patients had a tracheostomy, of which 1 was decannulated following condylar reconstruction. Functional improvement, defined as improved symmetry, chewing, or better oral opening, was observed in 8 of 10 patients. Five patients have required no ...
Minding the store of Ca2+ during ischaemia/reperfusion.

Cardiac ischaemia puts a tremendous stress on cardiac myocytes, and abrupt reperfusion causes dramatic changes during the first seconds to minutes that profoundly affect cell survival vs. cell death.1–3 Myocyte ionic changes can contribute to these critical effects. During ischaemia, the concentration of intracellular Na+ ([Na+] i ) rises because of a combination of increased Na+ entry via Na+/H+ exchange and tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels and reduced extrusion via Na+/K+-ATPase (as ATP and phosphocreatine are gradually depleted and ΔGATP declines). The rise in [Na+] i contributes to cellular Ca2+ gain via shifts in Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and thus elevation of diastolic [Ca2+] i . Contractile force and pressure development are abolished in the first minute or so of ischaemia because of rapidly developing acidosis. More gradually, phosphate rises and eventually rigor crossbridges form as [ATP] is dissipated. Reperfusion causes an abrupt normalization of extracellular pH, which drives a rapid rise in [Na+] i via Na+/H+ exchange. This is thought to drive a rapid further rise in [Ca2+] i (via Na+/Ca2+ exchange), which along with pH normalization causes a rise in diastolic force. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients, oscillations, and arrhythmias are also observed upon reperfusion, and agents that inhibit Na+ and Ca2+ loading can improve the long-term recovery after reperfusion.4 Despite intensive study of ischaemia/reperfusion, remarkably little is known about the dynamic changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 530 752 6517; Fax: +1 530 752 7710, Email: dmbers{at}ucdavis.edu
Combustion of calcium-exchanged coals

The combustion of calcium-exchanged coals was studied in a laminar flow reactor under strongly fuel-lean conditions. The aim was to study the nature of release and capture of sulphur oxides in the presence of finely dispersed calcium oxide and explore the effectiveness of calcium-exchange pretreatment for sulphur emission control in coal combustion. The experimental variables were residence time, oxygen concentration, reactor temperature and amount of calcium additive. A Texas lignite and an Indiana high volatile B bituminous coal were used. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that sulphur capture increased with residence time and oxygen concentration. The results also showed that sulphur capture was approximately proportional to the Ca/S ratio of the coals.
Corporate Governance in the Asian Financial Crisis 1997-98

The "Asian Crisis" of 1997-98 has affected almost all the "emerging markets" open to capital flows. Measures of corporate governance, particularly the effectiveness of protection for minority shareholders, explain the extent of stock market decline better than do standard macroeconomic measures. The explanation is that in countries with weak corporate governance, worse economic prospects result in more stealing by managers and thus a larger fall in asset prices.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Deuteriobenzyl-d7-penicillin

To investigate the deuterium isotope effect on the biological activity of penicillin G, this compound was chemically synthesized by first obtaining phenylacetyl-d7-chloride from phenyl-acetic-d7-acid and thionyl chloride, followed by condensation of the acid chloride with 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The penicillin was isolated as the 1-ethylpiperidine salt.Yield of the deuteriopenicillin was approximately 60% when a 2:1 (6-aminopenicillanic acid-acid chloride) molar ratio was used. The identity of the deuteriated penicillin was confirmed using several physical constants. From NMR data, the presence of deuterium in the benzyl moiety was found to be greater than 95 atom %. The biological activity of the deuteriopenicillin was compared to that of the protioanalog by a turbidimetric assay procedure using Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the biological assay indicate that a significant deuterium isotope effect operates in the antistaphylococcal action of benzyl-penicillin. With the test organism chosen, the ratio of the antibiotic potencies was 125% H/D.
African American Adolescents’ Discrimination Experiences and Academic Achievement: Racial Socialization as a Cultural Compensatory and Protective Factor:

This study examines the interrelationships among racial discrimination experiences, parent race socialization practices, and academic achievement outcomes in a sample of 548 African American adoles...
Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based tuberculosis vaccines in mice.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is an important human pathogen. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live, attenuated variant of Mycobacterium bovis, is currently the only available TB vaccine despite its low efficacy against the infectious pulmonary form of the disease in adults. Thus, a more-effective TB vaccine is needed. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a paramyxovirus, has several characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector. It is safe, inexpensive to produce, and has been previously shown to be efficacious as the backbone of vaccines for influenza, rabies, and respiratory syncytial virus. In this work, recombinant PIV5 expressing M. tuberculosis antigens 85A (PIV5-85A) and 85B (PIV5-85B) have been generated and their immunogenicity and protective efficacy evaluated in a mouse aerosol infection model. In a long-term protection study, a single dose of PIV5-85A was found to be most effective in reducing M. tuberculosis colony forming units (CFU) in lungs when compared to unvaccinated, whereas the BCG vaccinated animals had similar numbers of CFUs to unvaccinated animals. BCG-prime followed by a PIV5-85A or PIV5-85B boost produced better outcomes highlighted by close to three-log units lower lung CFUs compared to PBS. The results indicate that PIV5-based M. tuberculosis vaccines are promising candidates for further development.
Differential modular forms on Shimura curves, II: Serre operators

One of the main results announced in Part I (Compositio Math. 139 (2003), 197–237) is proved. The main technique consists in developing a coordinate free version of some of the theory of Serre operators on differential modular forms introduced by Barcau.
Predicting Soluble Solids Extraction from Fruits in a Reversing, Single Screw Counter Current Diffusion Extractor

A single-screw, intermittent-reversing counter current diffusion-extractor (CCDE) was used. Two mathematical models were developed to predict soluble solids concentration profile along the length of the CCDE. Both models predicted an exponential concentration profile and good intra-flight mixing. Experimentally obtained soluble solids concentration profiles in the CCDE using applies and pears validated the model predictions.
Self-Consistent Cosmological Simulations of DGP Braneworld Gravity

We perform cosmological N-body simulations of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) braneworld model, by solving the full nonlinear equations of motion for the scalar degree of freedom in this model, the brane-bending mode. While coupling universally to matter, the brane-bending mode has self-interactions that become important as soon as the density field becomes nonlinear. These self-interactions lead to a suppression of the field in high-density environments, and restore gravity to general relativity. The code uses a multigrid relaxation scheme to solve the nonlinear field equation in the quasistatic approximation. We perform simulations of a flat self-accelerating DGP model without cosmological constant. However, the type of nonlinear interactions of the brane-bending mode, which are the focus of this study, are generic to a wide class of braneworld cosmologies. The results of the DGP simulations are compared with standard gravity simulations assuming the same expansion history, and with DGP simulations using the linearized equation for the brane-bending mode. This allows us to isolate the effects of the nonlinear self-couplings of the field which are noticeable already on quasilinear scales. We present results on the matter power spectrum and the halo mass function, and discuss the behavior of the brane-bending mode within cosmological structure formation. We find that, independently of cosmic microwave background constraints, the self-accelerating DGP model is strongly constrained by current weak lensing and cluster abundance measurements.
Everybody Loves Our Town: An Oral History of Grunge

This review needs to be prefaced by a disclaimer: Everybody Loves Our Town is not an academic publication. Comparable to Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk by Legs McNeil and Gilli...
Limit of Functions

In Chapter III we dealt with limits of real sequences. These are real-valued functions whose domains are essentially ℤ0 or ℤ1. In this chapter we treat limits of real-valued functions of a real variable whose domains are not necessarily confined to ℤ0 or ℤ1. Of special interest are functions whose domains are intervals.
One Companys Experience With Accounting Information System Changes: An Analysis Of Managers Satisfaction

During the past ten years management accounting has been frequently criticized by many researchers, who have then suggested ways to improve management accounting systems. As a result various companies have modified their accounting information systems by incorporating some of the suggested changes. Unfortunately, little research has been presented which analyzes managers' reactions to management accounting system changes (Bamber, 1993). This paper provides an overview of a company that upgraded its accounting information system by adopting some of the suggested changes. Results from questionnaires administered before the change, shortly after the change, and about one year after the change were used to provide a comparison of managers' reactions to the changes. The company, in this study, incorporated various changes suggested in the literature by providing managers with real-time databases and involving managers during the development of the new system. In response to the changes, the managers indicated they were more satisfied with the accounting department and the data provided and they now focused more on production quantity then previously. Therefore, the company appears to have successfully implemented changes in their accounting information system, which improved managers satisfaction with the system.
Synthesis of Mg-Fe Alloys by Mechanical Alloying

Mg-x mass%Fe (x=0, 5, 10, 20) alloys were synthesized by mechanically alloying of elementary Mg and Fe powder for 180ks milling under 66kPa argon gas atmosphere using by a planetary ball milling. The obtained MA powders were composite materials of Mg and Fe, the reaction between Mg and Fe did not occurred during the MA process. After the MA process, Mg-Fe powders not containing more than 10mass%Fe became disc shape and Mg-20mass%Fe powder became grain of 2mm. In the case of Mg-15mass%Fe, the obtained MA powder became big blocks by the joining of the MA powders during the MA process. The Mg-15mass%Fe MA powder was able to consolidate by pulsed current sintering at 773K under a pressure of 19MPa. It was observed that the fine and homogenius Fe particles dispersed in the sintered body. In the MA process of Mg-15mass%Fe, the bulky compact was obtained by the controlling of a milling condition.
Sensation Seeking and the Sensing-Intuition Scale of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator:

Scores on the Sensing-Intuition scale of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator were hypothesized to be correlated with scores on two sensation-seeking scales. A random sample of 62 adult grocery shoppers was chosen. The sample was 75% female with a mean age of 39.97 years. As hypothesized, Sensing scores were negatively correlated (—.67, —.67), and Intuition scores were positively correlated (.56, .59) with the Arousal Seeking Tendency Instrument and the General Sensation Seeking Scale, respectively.
Topiramate and Metabolic Acidosis in Infants

The acid-base metabolism was investigated in 9 infants and toddlers, aged 5 months to 2.3 years (median, 6 months), treated with topiramate (TPM) for seizures at Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Survey of geohelminthes disease infection status in Pizhou in 2011

Objective To investigate the population infection status in Pizhou and develop prevention countermeasures for the geohelminthes disease.Methods The modified Kato-Katz thick smear method was used to detect the eggs of intestinal worms and the transparent adhesive tape anal smear method was used to detect the pinworm eggs for children aged 3 to 8 years.Results Of the 1004 people,28 were infected with geohelminthes,with the infection rate of 2.78%,of which the in fection rates of roundworms,hookworms and whipworms were 2.49%,0.20% and 0.10% respectively;The Children's pin worm infection rate was 3.15%.Conclusion The geohelminthes infection rate in Pizhou was at a low level.Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the roundworm infection of rural residents and the pinworm infection of children.
Establishment of GFPu-1 clonal cells as an indicator of ubiquitin-proteasome system

Objective:To establish GFPu-1 clonal cells reflecting the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Methods:GFPu plasmid was transfected into human embryonic kidney(HEK) 293 cells. GFPu-1 cells with stable expression of GFPu were selected by G418. After proteasome inhibitor lactacystin was added into GFPu-1 cells, the distribution and expression of green fluorescent protein(GFP) were studied by confocal microscopy and Western blot. Results:GFPu was distributed diffusely in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartment of GFPu-1 cells with lactacystin. Compared with the control cells with DSMO, the fluorescence of GFPu significantly increased in GFPu-1 cells with lactacystin. Accummuation of GFPu rose about 2.5 folds(P 0.05) and β-catenin expression rose about 1.2 fold(P 0.05). Conclusion:GFPu-1 clonal cells may be a sensitive indicator for the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Retroperitoneal Fibroxanthosarcoma: Report of a Case

Abstract The clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of a rare retroperitoneal fibroxanthosarcoma are presented and briefly discussed.
The Structure of the Geriatric Depressed Brain and Response to ECT

Seven to twelve year follow-up of ECT outcome in patients with geriatric depression. Do these patients develop dementia? Introduction Depression and cognitive decline are highly prevalent in elderly as is comorbidity between the two. Depressed patients are at high risk to develop dementia. To date, knowledge has been limited on course and outcome in severe geriatric depression. Objectives The association between depression and dementia remains unclear. Both white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) are associated with depression, mild cognitive impairment and dementia, which possibly explains a common underlying mechanism of these diseases. The objective of this study was to identify associations between WMH, MTA, dementia and mortality in patients with severe geriatric depression formerly treated with ECT. Methods Data of 92.1% of the former patients was obtained. A total of 51.3 % (39 out of 76) of former patients participated in the follow-up study. Cognitive decline was identified in patients seven to 12 years after ECT, using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). WMH and MTA scores were available from the initial study. Results 56.6% of the patients were deceased and 35.5% of the patients were alive during FU. 61.5% (24 out of 39) of the included patients showed cognitive decline and 17.9% (7 out of 39) of the included patients were diagnosed with dementia. Depression with psychotic symptoms was significantly associated with no cognitive decline at follow-up (p=0.007). WMH and mortality were significantly associated (p=0.047). Conclusions Depression with psychotic symptoms is associated with cognitive decline at follow-up and WMH before ECT– not MTA or dementia – increases mortality after ECT.
Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1b1 (PR1b1) Is a Major Tomato Fruit Protein Responsive to Chilling Temperature and Upregulated in High Polyamine Transgenic Genotypes

Plants execute an array of mechanisms in response to stress which include upregulation of defense-related proteins and changes in specific metabolites. Polyamines – putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) - are metabolites commonly found associated with abiotic stresses such as chilling stress. We have generated two transgenic tomato lines (556HO and 579HO) that express yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and specifically accumulate Spd and Spm in fruits in comparison to fruits from control (556AZ) fruit (Mehta et al., 2002). Tomato fruits undergo chilling injury at temperatures below 13 oC. The high Spd and Spm tomato together with the control azygous line were utilized to address role(s) of polyamines in chilling-injury signaling. Exposure to chilling temperature (2 oC) led to several-fold increase in the Put content in all the lines. Upon re-warming of the fruits at 20 oC, the levels of Spd and Spm increased further in the fruit of the two transgenic lines, the higher levels remaining stable for 15 days after re-warming as compared to the fruit from the control line. Profiling their steady state proteins before and after re-warming highlighted a protein of ~ 14 kD. Using proteomics approach, protein sequencing and immunoblotting, the ~ 14-kD protein was identified as the pathogenesis related protein 1b1 (PR1b1). The PR1b1 protein accumulated transiently in the control fruit whose level was barely detectable at d 15 post-warming while in the fruit from both the 665HO and 579HO transgenic lines PR1b1 abundance increased and remained stable till d 15 post warming. PR1b1 gene transcripts were found low in the control fruit with a visible accumulation only on d 15 post warming; however, in both the transgenic lines it accumulated and increased soon after rewarming being several-fold higher on day 2 while in 556HO line this increase continued until d 6 than the control fruit. The chilling-induced increase in PR1b1 protein seems independent of ethylene and methyl jasmonate signaling but may be linked to salicylic acid. We propose that polyamine-mediated sustained accumulation of PR1b1 protein in post-warmed chilled tomato fruit is a pre-emptive cold stress response and possibly a defense response mechanism related to
Modeling of chronic radiation-induced cystitis in mice.

Abstract Purpose Radiation cystitis (RC), a severe inflammatory bladder condition, develops as a side effect of pelvic radiation therapy in cancer patients. There are currently no effective therapies to treat RC, in part from the lack of preclinical model systems. In this study, we developed a mouse model for RC and used a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform to simulate the targeted delivery of radiation as used with human patients. Methods and materials To induce RC, C3H mice received a single radiation dose of 20 Gy delivered through 2 beams. Mice were subjected to weekly micturition measurements to assess changes in urinary frequency. At the end of the study, bladder tissues were processed for histology. Results Radiation was well-tolerated; no change in weight was observed in the weeks after treatment, and there was no hair loss at the irradiation sites. Starting at 17 weeks after treatment, micturition frequency was significantly higher in irradiated mice versus control animals. Pathological changes include fibrosis, inflammation, urothelial thinning, and necrosis. At a site of severe insult, we observed telangiectasia, absence of uroplakin-3 and E-cadherin relocalization. Conclusions We developed an RC model that mimics the human pathology and functional changes. Furthermore, radiation exposure attenuates the urothelial integrity long-term, allowing for potential continuous irritability of the bladder wall from exposure to urine. Future studies will focus on the underlying molecular changes associated with this condition and investigate novel treatment strategies.
Policymaking under Cohabitation

Students of policymaking in industrialized democracies have often conceptualized this process as a series of separate stages (DeLeon, 1999). These stages include an agenda-setting stage (an initial demand for a policy response to a perceived problem emerges), a formulation stage (a policy proposal to solve this problem is crafted), a decision-making stage (the proposal is debated, amended, and adopted), an implementation stage (the terms of the statute are applied), and, finally, an evaluation stage (the chosen policy response is gauged for its ability to solve the problem).
Downloading and post-processing online numeric data

Les donnees numeriques obtenues a la suite de l'interrogation des banques sont manipulees et analysees du point de vue mathematique, statistique ou geographique. Les utilisateurs apres avoir teledecharge les donnees interessantes utilisent sur leur microordinateur des tableurs, des programmes de gestion ou graphiques. Les formats, les structures de donnees et les logiciels requis pour permettre de telles manipulations sont decrits
Quintuplets: 5 Cases of NEC. Are There Other Risk Factors?

ABSTRACTObjective: To review a case of quintuplets with all babies developing necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: A retrospective study of preterm quintuplets all developing necrotizing enterocolitis. Clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results: Quintuplets were born at 24 weeks gestation. Each baby developed NEC and was treated. One baby died. Currently the remaining 4 infants are on full enteral nutrition. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to better understand this emerging population of multiple birth pregnancy and the frequency of NEC development.
Skin Biopsy in Glycogenosis Type III

Electron microscopy of skin specimens of five patients with glycogenosis type III were correlated with clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological findings from the Divisions of Neuropathology and Neuropediatrics, Ciudad Sanitaria Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
Risk stratification for the development of respiratory adverse events following vascular surgery using the Society of Vascular Surgery's Vascular Quality Initiative.

Abstract Objective Postoperative respiratory adverse events (RAEs) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in general surgery, however, little is known about these complications in the vascular surgery population, a frail subset with multiple comorbidities. The objective of this study was to describe the contemporary incidence of RAEs in vascular surgery patients, the risk factors for this complication, and the overall impact of RAEs on patient outcomes. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative was queried (2003-2014) for patients who underwent endovascular abdominal aortic repair, open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, thoracic endovascular aortic repair, suprainguinal bypass, or infrainguinal bypass. A mixed-effects logistic regression model determined the independent risk factors for RAEs. Using a random 85% of the cohort, a risk prediction score for RAEs was created, and the score was validated using the remaining 15% of the cohort, comparing the predicted to the actual incidence of RAE and determining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The independent risk of in-hospital mortality and discharge to a nursing facility associated with RAEs was determined using a mixed-effects logistic regression to control for baseline patient characteristics, operative variables, and other postoperative adverse events. Results The cohort consisted of 52,562 patients, with a 5.4% incidence of RAEs. The highest rates of RAEs were seen in current smokers (6.1%), recent acute myocardial infarction (10.1%), symptomatic congestive heart failure (9.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring oxygen therapy (11.0%), urgent and emergent procedures (6.4% and 25.9%, respectively), open abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs (17.6%), in situ suprainguinal bypasses (9.68%), and thoracic endovascular aortic repairs (9.6%). The variables included in the risk prediction score were age, body mass index, smoking status, congestive heart failure severity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity, degree of renal insufficiency, ambulatory status, transfer status, urgency, and operative type. The predicted compared with the actual RAE incidence were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.943 ( P P P P P Conclusions RAEs are frequent and one of the strongest risk factors for in-hospital mortality and inability to be discharged home. Our risk prediction score accurately stratifies patients based on key demographics, comorbidities, presentation, and operative type that can be used to guide patient counseling, preoperative optimization, and postoperative management. Furthermore, it may be useful in developing quality benchmarks for RAE following major vascular surgery.
Onboard Science Insights and Vehicle Dynamics from Scale-Model Trials of the Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) Capsule at Laguna Negra, Chile

Abstract A scale model of the proposed Titan Mare Explorer capsule was deployed at the Planetary Lake Lander field site at Laguna Negra, Chile. The tests served to calibrate models of wind-driven drift of the capsule and to understand its attitude motion in the wave field, as well as to identify dynamic and acoustic signatures of shoreline approach. This information enables formulation of onboard trigger criteria for near-shore science data acquisition. Key Words: Titan—Vehicle dynamics—Science autonomy—Lake. Astrobiology 17, xxx–xxx.
Beziehungen zwischen dem Muster multipler Formen und der Funktion der Glutamatdehydrogenase bei Zea mays L.

Summary The spectrum of multiple forms of glutamate dehydrogenase in Zea mays was investigated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It consists of seven bands with the same molecular weight of about 250,000 D but different loading. The spectrum is strikingly changed under the influence of ammonia in roots and after darkening the leaves. Other exogene or endogene factors have only a slight modifying influence. The functional meaning of these changes is discussed in the light of the different part of glutamate synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase to ammonia assimilation.
Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass (CREAM)

The CREAM instrument was flown on a Long Duration Balloon in Antarctica in December 2004 and January 2005, achieving a flight duration record of nearly 42 days. It detected and recorded cosmic ray primary particles ranging in type from hydrogen to iron nuclei and in energy from 1 TeV to several hundred TeV. With the data collected we will have the world's best measurement of the energy spectra and mass composition of nuclei in the primary cosmic ray flux at these energies, close to the astrophysical knee . The instrument utilized a thin calorimeter, a transition radiation detector and a timing charge detector, which also provided time-of-flight information. The responsibilities of our group have been with the timing charge detector (TCD), and with the data acquisition electronics and ground station support equipment. The TCD utilized fast scintillators to measure the charge of the primary cosmic ray before any interactions could take place within the calorimeter. The data acquisition electronics handled the output of the various detectors, in a fashion fully integrated with the payload bus. A space-qualified flight computer controlled the acquisition, and was used for preliminary trigger information processing and decision making. Ground support equipment was used to monitor the health of the payload, acquire and archive the data transmitted to the ground, and to provide real-time control of the instrument in flight.
Moderate Sedation Changes for Bronchoscopy in 2017

The reimbursement for procedures using moderate (conscious) sedation has changed significantly as of January 1, 2017. Due to the increasing use of anesthesia services to provide moderate sedation during endoscopy, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services made the decision to remove work relative value units from many of the services requiring moderate sedation, including the bronchoscopy codes. If a bronchoscopist provides moderate sedation to a patient without using anesthesia services or another qualified provider, that work (and revenue) can be reclaimed by using the relevant codes. An understanding of the recent changes in coding and billing is essential for appropriate reimbursement.
Time-course, negative-stain electron microscopy-based analysis for investigating protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level

Several biophysical approaches are available to study protein-protein interactions. Most approaches are conducted in bulk solution, and are therefore limited to an average measurement of the ensemble of molecular interactions. Here, we show how single-particle EM can enrich our understanding of protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level and potentially capture states that are unobservable with ensemble methods because they are below the limit of detection or not conducted on an appropriate time scale. Using the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and its interaction with receptor CD4-binding site neutralizing antibodies as a model system, we both corroborate ensemble kinetics-derived parameters and demonstrate how time-course EM can further dissect stoichiometric states of complexes that are not readily observable with other methods. Visualization of the kinetics and stoichiometry of Env-antibody complexes demonstrated the applicability of our approach to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively differentiate two highly similar neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, implementation of machine-learning techniques for sorting class averages of these complexes into discrete subclasses of particles helped reduce human bias. Our data provide proof of concept that single-particle EM can be used to generate a "visual" kinetic profile that should be amenable to studying many other protein-protein interactions, is relatively simple and complementary to well-established biophysical approaches. Moreover, our method provides critical insights into broadly neutralizing antibody recognition of Env, which may inform vaccine immunogen design and immunotherapeutic development.
Primary surgery versus primary radiation-based treatment for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer.

Objective Randomized data comparing surgery to radiation for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are lacking. This study evaluated practice patterns and overall survival outcomes from the National Cancer Database. Methods A total of 22,676 patients with stage III to IV, locally advanced OPC were treated between 2004 to 2013 with primary chemoradiation (CRT) or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy (aRT ± CT). Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were computed using Cox regression modeling. Results Median follow-up was 40.7 months; 8,555 and 14,121 patients received surgery with aRT ± CT and CRT, respectively. Corresponding 3-year survival was 85.4% and 72.6% (P 1 facility, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status, surgery with aRT ± CT had a reduced hazard of death, HR, 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.69-0.91), P = 0.001. Conclusion Primary surgery with aRT ± CT for locally advanced OPC has an improved survival compared to primary radiation-based treatment even when stratified by HPV status. Level of evidence 2c. Laryngoscope, 128:1353-1364, 2018.
The Changing Face of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Forecasting Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatitis C Cirrhosis.

Background/objectives The purpose of this research is to analyze the past and forecast the future prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and their respective contribution to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) incidence in the setting of novel anti-viral agents and rising obesity rates in the United States. Methods Existing data of HCV and NASH prevalence in the United States utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) was collected and analyzed to project future prevalence trends. Results Prevalence of NASH and HCV are expected to increase and decline respectively over the next two decades with alcoholic cirrhosis expected to stay relatively unchanged. The estimated prevalence of NASH equaled and overtook the projected prevalence of HCV in 2007 at approximately 3 million persons. Estimates of NASH's contribution to HCC overtook HCV-HCC in 2015 at an approximately 25 million persons. Projection models suggest HCV prevalence declining to 1 million active cases by 2025, while NASH potentially increases to 17–42 million depending on a linear or exponential trendline. Projections of NASH-HCC similarly outpace HCV-HCC by 2025 with 45 million or 106 million (linear, exponential) versus 18 million persons respectively. Conclusions The future prevalence of HCV and NASH are expected to become further divergent with NASH emerging as the major contributor of cirrhosis and HCC in the United States.
Increasing Service Parity Through Organizational Cultural Competence

US Latinos’ limited access to existing services leads to lower service use which, in turn, leads to increased impairment as a result of behavioral health conditions. Although discussions of cultural-responsiveness efforts to address this limited access most often focus on specific practices or on the characteristics of service providers, the long-term success of efforts to incorporate culturally responsive interventionists and practices into service settings depends on broader organizational changes. This chapter introduces Hernandez et al.’s (2009) organizational cultural-competence framework, and expands upon this framework by introducing evaluation and assessment approaches that might be used to guide its implementation and by providing examples from the recent literature that illustrate its application in various Latino communities. By doing so, this chapter provides a road map for efforts to bring about organizational cultural competence.
A calcium diffusion-reaction model for facilitation

At many synapses, repeated presynaptic action potentials often evoke increased neurotransmitter release to successive spikes. This enhancement of released neurotransmitter accumulates in a train of action potentials, rises with time constants of 30 and 300 ms, decays with similar time constants after the last spike in the train and is called (homosynaptic) facilitation. An early hypothesis for facilitation (Katz & Miledi, 1968), the “single-site/nonlinear-summation/residual-calcium” hypothesis, states that facilitation is due to a residuum of calcium remaining in the terminal from the first action potential that summates with calcium that enters during the second action potential, which facilitates the release of neurotransmitter due to the nonlinear dependence of transmitter release on calcium. However, this simple model (facilitation occurs at the secretory trigger) cannot account for the large magnitude of facilitation (several fold increase for a few action potentials). Other models (Yamada & Zucker, 1992) propose that calcium acts at distinct facilitation sites, with slow unbinding kinetics determining the time constants of facilitation. However these models contradict experimental results of Kamiya & Zucker (1994) implying that a small residual calcium acts with fast kinetics and high affinity to strongly facilitate release.
Self and Self-Concept

The notion of a self, or the possibility of unique personhood, has occupied human thought for millennia. Today, theory and research on the self and its more tangible manifestation—self-concept—continues to increase and to expand in new and promising directions. The assumption that self and society are co-created is also a bedrock axiom in symbolic interactionism. Recent scholarship, however, has attended more closely to defining and distinguishing among concepts related to the self and self-concept and to the mechanisms associated with their development. In this chapter we discuss the philosophical foundations of the concept of self and then address more recent theoretical and empirical refinements in self and self-concept research in the social sciences, particularly sociological social psychology. Along the way, we pay particular attention to theory and research on the self and self-concept as both a social product and a social force. Also addressed are deserving yet under-researched concepts related to the self, particularly mattering and comfort with the self. We conclude by discussing research methods used to study the self, including survey, field, and laboratory research.
Comparison of API Rapid STREP, Baxter MicroScan Rapid Pos ID Panel, BBL Minitek Differential Identification System, IDS RapID STR System, and Vitek GPI to Conventional Biochemical Tests for Identification of Viridans Streptococci

Viridans group streptococci (36 stock strains and 167 single patient blood culture isolates) were assessed using API Rapid Strep,TM Baxter MicroScan Rapid Pos ID PanelTM, BBL Minitek Differential Identification SystemTM, IDS RapID STR SystemTM, and Vitek GPITM methods. Identification data obtained with these systems were compared with those indicated by conventional biochemical procedures. API, Baxter MicroScan, BBL, IDS, and Vitek corresponded with conventional biochemical identification in 74%, 66%, 65%, 50%, and 61% of the isolates, respectively; using recommended supplemental tests, agreement was augmented in 9%, 11%, 20%, 11%, and 21% of the isolates, respectively. Disagreement with conventional biochemical methods occurred in 14%, 17%, 14%, 32%, and 10% of the commercial techniques, respectively; no identification was possible in 2%, 5%, fewer than 1%, 6%, and 8% of specimens, respectively. BBL, API, and Baxter MicroScan systems provided the most reliable rapid identification, although supplemental testing often was required. Until a higher percentage of correct identification data can be obtained without supplemental procedures, conventional biochemical techniques will remain the methods of choice for identification of viridans streptococci.
5.09 – Estuarine and Coastal Sediments – Coupled Biogeochemical Cycling

A variety of macroscopic physical and biological forcing functions act on estuarine and coastal sediments across a range of time and space scales, and can have a profound effect on the processes associated with the remineralization of sedimentary organic matter. These interactions exert a strong influence on the cycling of biogeochemically reactive elements (C, N, S, P and trace metals such as Mn and Fe), and result in linkages between and within these cycles that are far more complex than once envisioned. Biogeochemical processes in estuarine and coastal sediments also have implications on benthic–pelagic coupling in estuaries and the coastal ocean, and on some global oceanic cycles and biogeochemical budgets.