cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleolin is a protein kinase C-zeta substrate. Connection between cell surface signaling and nucleus in PC12 cells.

We have previously shown that protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ is activated and required for nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (Wooten, M. W., Zhou, G., Seibenhener, M. L., and Coleman, E. S. (1994) Cell Growth & Diff. 5, 395–403; Coleman, E. S., and Wooten, M. W. (1994) J. Mol. Neurosci.5, 39–57). Here we report the characterization and identification of a 106-kDa nuclear protein as a specific substrate of PKC-ζ. NGF treatment of PC12 cells resulted in translocation of PKC-ζ and coincident phosphorylation of a protein that was localized within the nucleoplasm of nuclei isolated from PC12 cells. Addition of PKC-ζ pseudosubstrate peptide in vitro or myristoylated peptidein vivo diminished phosphorylation of pp106 in a dose-dependent fashion. Likewise, addition of purified PKC-ζ, but neither PKC-α nor δ, to nuclear extracts resulted in an incremental increase in the phosphorylation of pp106. Expression of dominant-negative PKC-ζ inhibited NGF-induced phosphorylation of pp106, by comparison overexpression of PKC-ζ enhanced basal phosphorylation without a noticeable effect upon NGF-induced effects. Amino acid sequence analysis of four peptides derived from purified pp106 revealed that this protein was homologous to nucleolin. Using anin vitro reconstitution system, purified nucleolin was likewise shown to be phosphorylated by purified PKC-ζ. The staining intensity of both enzyme and substrate in the nucleus increased upon treatment with NGF. In vivo labeling with32Pi and stimulation of PC12 cells with NGF followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-nucleolin antibody corroborated the in vitro approach documenting enhanced phosphorylation of nucleolin by NGF treatment. Taken together, the findings presented herein document that nucleolin is a target of PKC-ζ that serves to relay NGF signals from cell surface to nucleus in PC12 cells.
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of De Novo and Persistent Hypertension in the Postpartum Period

Background—The pathophysiology of hypertension in the immediate postpartum period is unclear. Methods and Results—We studied 988 consecutive women admitted to a tertiary medical center for cesarean section of a singleton pregnancy. The angiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and placental growth factor, both biomarkers associated with preeclampsia, were measured on antepartum blood samples. We then performed multivariable analyses to determine factors associated with the risk of developing postpartum hypertension. Of the 988 women, 184 women (18.6%) developed postpartum hypertension. Of the 184 women, 77 developed de novo hypertension in the postpartum period, and the remainder had a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in the antepartum period. A higher body mass index and history of diabetes mellitus were associated with the development of postpartum hypertension. The antepartum ratio of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 to placental growth factor positively correlated with blood pressures ...
Regulation of the Conversion of Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine in the Perfused Rat Liver

This study was undertaken to determine what factors control the conversion of thyroxine (T(4)) to triiodothyronine (T(3)) in rat liver under conditions approximating those found in vivo. Conversion of T(4) to T(3) was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver, a preparation in which the cellular and structural integrity is maintained and that can perform most of the physiologic functions of the liver. The perfused liver readily extracted T(4) from perfusion medium and converted it to T(3). Production of T(3) by the perfused liver was a function of the size of the liver, the uptake of T(4) by the liver, and the presence of T(4)-5'-deiodinase activity. Production of T(3) was increased by increasing the uptake of T(4) by liver, which could be accomplished by increasing the liver size, by increasing the perfusate T(4) concentration, or by decreasing the perfusate albumin concentration. These changes occurred without altering the conversion of T(4) to T(3). The liver had a large capacity for extracting T(4) and for T(4)-5'-deiodination to T(3), which was not saturated at a T(4) concentration of 60 mug/dl. Production of T(3) was decreased by inhibiting hepatic T(4)-5'-deiodinase with propylthiouracil, which decreased T(3) production by decreasing the conversion of T(4) to T(3). Propylthiouracil did not alter hepatic T(4) uptake. Fasting resulted in a progressive decrease in hepatic T(4) uptake to 42% of control levels by the 3rd d of fasting; this was accompanied by a proportionate decrease in T(3) production. The rate of conversion of T(4) to T(3) did not change during fasting. When T(4) uptake in 2-d-fasted rat livers was raised to levels found in fed rats by increasing the perfusate T(4) concentration from 10 to 30 mug/dl, T(3) production returned to normal. Again, no change in the rate of conversion of T(4) to T(3) was observed. These results indicate that the decreased hepatic T(3) production during fasting primarily results from decreased hepatic uptake of T(4), rather than from changes in T(4)-5'-deiodinase activity. Thus, these studies have delineated a new mechanism that functions independently of enzyme quantity or activity whereby production of T(3) from T(4) is regulated.
Locating data sources in large distributed systems

Querying large numbers of data sources is gaining importance due to increasing numbers of independent data providers. One of the key challenges is executing queries on all relevant information sources in a scalable fashion and retrieving fresh results. The key to scalability is to send queries only to the relevant servers and avoid wasting resources on data sources which will not provide any results. Thus, a catalog service, which would determine the relevant data sources given a query, is an essential component in efficiently processing queries in a distributed environment. This paper proposes a catalog framework which is distributed across the data sources themselves and does not require any central infrastructure. As new data sources become available, they automatically become part of the catalog service infrastructure, which allows scalability to large numbers of nodes. Furthermore, we propose techniques for workload adaptability. Using simulation and real-world data we show that our approach is valid and can scale to thousands of data sources.
Noradrenergic enhancement of GABA-induced input resistance changes in layer V regular spiking pyramidal neurons of rat somatosensory cortex.

Previous in vivo studies have shown that microiontophoretic application of norepinephrine (NE) and isoproterenol (ISO) can enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced depressant responses of rat somatosensory cortical neurons. In the present investigation we have examined the transmembrane electrophysiological events which are associated with interactions between NE and GABA in layer V pyramidal neurons of rat barrel field cortex. Intracellular recordings were made from electrophysiologically identified cells in a superfused cortical tissue slice preparation before, during and after bath or microdrop application of GABA, NE and ISO, alone or in combination. GABA application produced a small depolarization from resting membrane potential associated with a reduction (22%) in input resistance. NE and ISO (10–100 μM) also produced in some cases small membrane depolarizations (1–4 mV) but little concomitant changes in input resistance. Simultaneous application of NE with GABA potentiated amino acid-induced changes in input resistance in 4 cases and antagonized (n = 4) 4r had no effect (n = 4) on GABA-associated membrane events in 8 other cases. When the alpha-blocker, phentolamine (20 μM), was added to the medium, NE-induced enhancement of the GABA response was observed in 3 of 5 cases (60%), suggesting both, a beta-adrenergic mediation and a possible alpha-receptor masking of this noradrenergic-potentiating action. Consistent with this interpretation was the finding that the beta-agonist, ISO (10–100 μM), produced net increases in GABA-induced input resistance changes in 64% of cases tested (9 of 14). The potentiating effect of NE and ISO was mimicked by the adenyl cyclase activator, forskolin (n = 2), and a membrane permeant analog of cyclic-AMP, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (n = 3); and could also be demonstrated when the GABAA agonist muscimol (0.5–1 μM) was substituted for GABA. The reversal potential for GABA and GABA + NE remained the same. These findings suggest that previous demonstrations of NE-potentiating effects on GABA inhibition may be mediated by beta-receptor/cyclic-AMP-linked actions on mechanisms which regulate GABAA receptor-induced membrane conductance changes.
Dielectric polymers embedded with high-k coated conducting particles: effective dielectric properties modeling

High dielectric constant (high-k) materials are needed for embedded passives in advanced packaging applications. This work presents a systematic theoretical investigation of the effective dielectric constant, dielectric loss of dielectric polymers filled with high-k coated conducting particles with the objective to aid the design of polymer/filler composite materials with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss at high frequencies. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to prevailing views, the filler concentration and coating layer thickness dependences of the effective dielectric constant and loss are nonmonotonic. Implications for high-k materials design are also outlined.
Evariste Galois: Founder of Group Theory

The French mathematician Evariste Galois had a tragic untimely death in a duel at the age of twenty but had in his all to brief life made a revolutionary contribution, namely the founding of group theory. In commenting on Ramanujan’s demise at the early age of 32, Hardy compared the Indian genius to mathematicians like Galois who died very young, yet had done their best work in their teens. This article describes the remarkable but tragic life of Galois, his monumental creation of group theory, and the relation of the work of Galois to Ramanujan’s results on roots of numbers.
Analysis of the Acceleration Characteristics of Non-Redundant Manipulators

The study of the acceleration properties at the end effector is important in the analysis, design, and control of robot manipulators. In previous ejTorts aimed at addressing this problem, the end-effector acceleration has been treated as a vector combining both the linear and ‘angular accelerations. The methodology presented in this article provides characterization:s of these two different types of accelerations and describes the relationship between them. This work is an extension of our previous studies on manipulator inertial and acceleration properties. The treatment relies on the ellipsoid expansion model, a simple geometric approach to eficiently analyze end-effector accelerations. Results of the application of this analysis to the PUMA 560 manipulator are discussed.
An Exploration of the Effects of Maintenance Manning on Combat Mission Readiness Utilizing Agent Based Modeling

Agent based models are powerful tools in describing processes and systems centered on individual behaviors and local interactions. Current application areas tend to be focused within the business and social science arenas, although their usefulness has been demonstrated in the modeling of various chemistry and physics-based systems and more recently, in unit-level military combat operations. Conversely, many highly process-oriented systems, such as manufacturing environments, tend to be modeled via "top-down" methods, including discrete or continuous event simulations. As a result, potentially critical attributes of the modeled entities or resources (spatial properties or adaptability) may not be adequately captured or developed. This research develops an agent based model for application to a problem heretofore addressed solely via discrete event simulation or stochastic mathematical models. Specifically, a model is constructed to investigate the effects of differing levels of maintenance manning on sortie production capability, while examining those effects on the resulting Combat Mission Readiness (CMR) of a typical F-16 squadron.
From Intrapsychic Moral Awareness to the Role of Social Disruptions, Labeling, and Actions in the Emergence of Moral Issues:

The purpose of this paper is to elaborate and extend a sensemaking view of how ethics issues emerge in and around organizations. Current research in ethical decision making relies predominantly on a definition of ethics that distinguishes moral decision-making processes from amoral or non-moral decision-making processes through the intrapsychic use of explicit moral concepts. I recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the current approach and propose a model which builds on previous empirical work to explain how morality emerges in organizations through social interaction. This sensemaking model illustrates the role of disruptions, labeling, and action in the emergence of moral issues, and recasts the emergence of ethical issues, not as the individual recognition of objective moral content, but as more or less reliable interrelating. The model developed in this paper contributes to theory about ethical decision making by: (1) moving beyond the categorization of construals as moral or amoral to examining the similarities and differences across construals and the effects of this overlap for joint action; (2) reinstating the role of action and its interpretation in the story of how moral issues emerge; (3) redescribing ethics as more or less reliable interrelating, which broadens the toolkit for improving organizational conduct; and finally, (4) highlighting how every decision frame has the potential to create a moral issue in interaction.
Progressive renal vascular proliferation and injury in obese Zucker rats.

Objective Obesity, an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease, may induce renal injury by promoting inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines can induce neovascularization in different organs, including the kidneys. However, whether obesity triggers renal neovascularization and, if so, its effect on renal function has never been investigated.
Execution of Regular Do Loops on Asynchronous Multiprocessors

Studies the execution of a Fortran DO loop, modeled as an iteration space and several dependence vectors, on an asynchronous shared-memory multiprocessor, where each iteration is the basic unit to be executed by a single processing element. During the execution of a DO loop, an iteration will pass through four states, namely, idle, pending, ready, and finished states. By describing an execution scheme, the paper studies (1) the number of iterations not depending on any other iterations, (2) the maximum number of ready iterations at any instance during the execution, (3) the maximum number of pending iterations at any instance during the execution, (4) a hash function to disperse different pending iterations, and (5) the parallel execution time. >
Selective defecation and selective foraging: Antiparasite behavior in wild ungulates?

Selective defecation and selective foraging are two potential antiparasite behaviors used by grazing ungulates to reduce infection by fecal–oral transmitted parasites. While there is some evidence that domestic species use these strategies, less is known about the occurrence and efficacy of these behaviors in wild ungulates. In this study, I examined whether wild antelope use selective defecation and selective foraging strategies to reduce exposure to gastrointestinal nematode parasites. By quantifying parasite levels in the environment in relation to the defecation patterns of three species, dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii), Grant’s gazelle (Gazella granti), and impala (Aepyceros melampus), I found that nematode larval concentrations in pasture were higher in the vicinity of clusters of feces (dung middens) compared to single fecal pellet groups or dung-free areas. In addition, experimental feeding trials in free-ranging dik-dik showed that individuals selectively avoided feeding near concentrations of feces. Given that increased parasite contamination was found in the immediate vicinity of fecal clusters, fecal avoidance could help reduce host consumption of parasites and may therefore be an effective antiparasite behavior for certain species. On the other hand, while the concentration of parasite larvae in the vicinity of middens coupled with host avoidance of these areas during grazing could reduce host contact with parasites, results showing a positive correlation between the number of middens in a habitat and larval abundance at control sites suggest that dung middens might increase and not decrease overall host exposure to parasites. If this is the case, dung midden formation may not be a viable antiparasite strategy.
Organizing the competitive intelligence function: A benchmarking study

This article provides information on the current state of industry practice in the areas of competitive intelligence and market intelligence, and—building on a process model the authors previously developed—discusses how to take a closed-loop intelligence process model and evolve it into a living, breathing organization. A benchmarking study of 16 companies was conducted to determine how the market-intelligence function is structured in these enterprises. The study's purpose was to obtain information that can be used as input for organizing and staffing of a market-intelligence function. Implications of how to take a process model and change it into a workable, effective organization are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Time-wavelength spectroscopy with matched detection

In this paper, we demonstrate recovery and identification of gas fingerprints that are entirely masked out by the nonuniform source spectrum. This is accomplished by using filtering and matched detection performed in the digital domain.
Neuromodulation, theta rhythm and rat spatial navigation

Cholinergic and GABAergic innervation of the hippocampus plays an important role in human memory function and rat spatial navigation. Drugs which block acetylcholine receptors or enhance GABA receptor activation cause striking impairments in the encoding of new information. Lesions of the cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus reduce the amplitude of hippocampal theta rhythm and cause impairments in spatial navigation tasks, including the Morris water maze, eight-arm radial maze, spatial reversal and delayed alternation. Here, we review previous work on the role of cholinergic modulation in memory function, and we present a new model of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex describing the interaction of these regions for goal-directed spatial navigation in behavioral tasks. These mechanisms require separate functional phases for: (1) encoding of pathways without interference from retrieval, and (2) retrieval of pathways for guiding selection of the next movement. We present analysis exploring how phasic changes in physiological variables during hippocampal theta rhythm could provide these different phases and enhance spatial navigation function.
Characterization of ATP receptors and voltage-dependent calcium ion channels in cardiovascular cells.

The primary goal of this study was to characterize myocardial ATP receptors. We used photoaffinity labelling under conditions of high ligand specificity to identify functionally active receptors. Photoaffinity labelling studies allowed us to characterize two molecules which have been potentially identified as different ATP receptors. The molecular size of the labelled proteins is in the same range as that assumed from the information on the coding gene derived from the functional expression of size fractionated cardiac mRNA. ATP receptors were also functionally expressed by injection of cardiac mRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Cardiac cDNA libraries were made in order to isolate by expression cloning the ATP receptors genomes. This study supports the hypothesis of two different receptor pathways, mediating ATP dependent induction of cation channels or Na+/Pi transport, through the functional expression and the labelling of the two receptors. At this stage the presence of separate receptors also appears from the expression of different pools of library clones. Finally in a separate project we demonstrated that a functionally similar ATP-induced cation conductance in a neuroendocrine cell line is mediated through a larger size message, indicating that ATP-induced cation conductances can be mediated by different molecules. These results have been recently confirmed by labelling experiments in another laboratory (Majiid et al., 1992). The second part of this study (chapter 5), contributes to the identification of the role of Ca2+ in inactivation of L-type calcium channels. This regulation is relevant not only in defining the gating kinetics of voltage-dependent calcium channels, but also in giving solid basis to models defining the role in vascular smooth muscle of contraction mediated by voltage-dependent calcium channels, as compared to receptor mediated contraction
Plant breeding for local food systems: A contextual review of end-use selection for small grains and dry beans in Western Washington

The rapid growth and co-option of the local agriculture movement highlights a need to deepen connections to place-based culture. Selection of plant varieties specifically adapted to regional production and end-use is an important component of building a resilient food system. Doing so will facilitate a defetishization of food systems by increasing the cultural connection to production and consumption. Today's dominant model of plant breeding relies on selection for centralized production and end-use, thereby limiting opportunity for regional differentiation. On the other hand, end-user-driven selection of heirloom varieties with strong cultural and culinary significance may limit productivity while failing to promote continued advances in end-use quality. Farmer-based selection may directly reflect local food culture; however, increasing genetic gains may require increased exchange of germplasm, and collaboration with trained plant breeders. Participatory farmer–breeder–chef collaborations are an emerging model for overcoming these limitations and adding the strength of culturally based plant breeding to the alternative food movement. These models of variety selection are examined within the context of small grain and dry bean production in Western Washington.
Sparse Functional Linear Regression with Applications to Personalized Medicine

McKeague and Qian (2011) recently introduced a functional data-analytic approach to finding optimal treatment policies in the setting of personalizedmedicine based on genomic data. The policies are specified in terms of thresholds of gene expression at estimated loci along a chromosome. Methods for assessing the effectiveness of such treatment policies are described.
Wound healing and treating wounds: Chronic wound care and management

In the United States, chronic ulcers—including decubitus, vascular, inflammatory, and rheumatologic subtypes—affect >6 million people, with increasing numbers anticipated in our growing elderly and diabetic populations. These wounds cause significant morbidity and mortality and lead to significant medical costs. Preventative and treatment measures include disease-specific approaches and the use of moisture retentive dressings and adjunctive topical therapies to promote healing. In this article, we discuss recent advances in wound care technology and current management guidelines for the treatment of wounds and ulcers.
The Nyhus-Wantz lectureship: etiology, herniosis, diverticulosis coli, and cancer.

The Nyhus–Wantz Lectureship honors two giants who represent the few who formed a new surgical specialty: herniology. My topics are etiology, herniosis, diverticulosis coli, and cancer. Hippocrates blamed wear and tear for herniation. Russell’s (Lancet 1:1519–1523, 1902) explanation was congenital peritoneal “buds” extending down to the pelvis. Harrison (Arch Surg 4:680–689, 1922) attributed herniae to transversalis fascial degradation. Keith (Lancet 2(17):1398–1399, 1906) concluded that pathology was involved, even though Russell (Lancet 1:1519–1523, 1902) had denied it. Nevertheless, the congenital theory prevailed. According to McVay (Christopher’s textbook of surgery, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1960, p. 159), defects arise in normal musculo-aponeurotic structures. Research showed that atrophy was caused by damaged fibroblasts producing less collagen, which was abnormal (having a reduced I/III ratio). The disease was systemic, later named herniosis. Nicotine addiction increased the incidence of herniation by an inflammatory process named metastatic emphysema. In 1948, Saint’s Triad, an aggregation of hiatus hernia (later, any primary hernia), gallstones, and diverticulosis coli, was introduced. This association occurred eight times more often than expected, with herniosis appearing to be its cause, abetted by high blood cholesterol causing gallstones. In 2006, Krones et al. (Int J Colorectal Dis 21:18–24, 2006) provided evidence that colon cancer is accompanied by a reduction in diverticula. Klinge et al. (Hernia 8(4):300–301, 2004) showed that these entities require different extracellular matrices (ECMs). Ghajar and Bissell (Histochem Cell Biol 130:1105–1118, 2008) pointed out that the ECM, which comprises 80% of the breast, influences its epithelial genetic expression, likewise with other organs (kidney, skin, lung, colon, and ovaries). Recently, a fundamental change in our understanding of cancer growth and metastasis has taken place. Whereas the degradation of connective tissue was thought to encourage invasion, eliciting concern for the herniated, now, investigators report the reverse, a reactive vascularized stroma resembling wound healing with an increase in fibroblasts and collagen I. Words such as desmoplasia, fibrosis, and stiffening abound. In conclusion, degradation of the ECM may be why herniosis appears to be hostile to the development of cancer throughout the body. Studies are needed of patients with and without a history of hernia to determine their incidence of cancer. Data from smokers should be separated, since they carry their own high risk of malignancy.
Comparison of whole-body 18F FDG PET/MR imaging and whole-body 18F FDG PET/CT in terms of lesion detection and radiation dose in patients with breast cancer

Purpose To compare fluorine 18 ((18)F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with (18)F FDG combined PET and computed tomography (CT) in terms of organ-specific metastatic lesion detection and radiation dose in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods From July 2012 to October 2013, this institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant prospective study included 51 patients with breast cancer (50 women; mean age, 56 years; range, 32-76 years; one man; aged 70 years) who completed PET/MR imaging with diffusion-weighted and contrast material-enhanced sequences after unenhanced PET/CT. Written informed consent for study participation was obtained. Two independent readers for each modality recorded site and number of lesions. Imaging and clinical follow-up, with consensus in two cases, served as the reference standard. Results There were 242 distant metastatic lesions in 30 patients, 18 breast cancers in 17 patients, and 19 positive axillary nodes in eight patients. On a per-patient basis, PET/MR imaging with diffusion-weighted and contrast-enhanced sequences depicted distant (30 of 30 [100%] for readers 1 and 2) and axillary (eight of eight [100%] for reader 1, seven of eight [88%] for reader 2) metastatic disease at rates similar to those of unenhanced PET/CT (distant metastatic disease: 28 of 29 [96%] for readers 3 and 4, P = .50; axillary metastatic disease: seven of eight [88%] for readers 3 and 4, P > .99) and outperformed PET/CT in the detection of breast cancer (17 of 17 [100%] for readers 1 and 2 vs 11 of 17 [65%] for reader 3 and 10 of 17 [59%] for reader 4; P < .001). PET/MR imaging showed increased sensitivity for liver (40 of 40 [100%] for reader 1 and 32 of 40 [80%] for reader 2 vs 30 of 40 [75%] for reader 3 and 28 of 40 [70%] for reader 4; P < .001) and bone (105 of 107 [98%] for reader 1 and 102 of 107 [95%] for reader 2 vs 106 of 107 [99%] for reader 3 and 93 of 107 [87%] for reader 4; P = .012) metastases and revealed brain metastases in five of 51 (10%) patients. PET/CT trended toward increased sensitivity for lung metastases (20 of 23 [87%] for reader 1 and 17 of 23 [74%] for reader 2 vs 23 of 23 [100%] for reader 3 and 22 of 23 [96%] for reader 4; P = .065). Dose reduction averaged 50% (P < .001). Conclusion In patients with breast cancer, PET/MR imaging may yield better sensitivity for liver and possibly bone metastases but not for pulmonary metastases, as compared with that attained with PET/CT, at about half the radiation dose. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Directing substrate morphology via self-assembly: ligand-mediated scission of gallium-indium microspheres to the nanoscale

We have developed a facile method for the construction of liquid-phase eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloy nanoparticles. Particle formation is directed by molecular self-assembly and assisted by sonication. As the bulk liquid alloy is ultrasonically dispersed, fast thiolate self-assembly at the EGaIn interface protects the material against oxidation. The choice of self-assembled monolayer ligand directs the ultimate size reduction in the material; strongly interacting molecules induce surface strain and assist particle cleavage to the nanoscale. Transmission electron microscopy images and diffraction analyses reveal that the nanoscale particles are in an amorphous or liquid phase, with no observed faceting. The particles exhibit strong absorption in the ultraviolet (∼200 nm), consistent with the gallium surface plasmon resonance, but dependent on the nature of the particle ligand shell.
On "Toward systems science in rehabilitation." Jette AM. Phys Ther. 2016;96:270-271.

This editorial1 is a welcome addition to the dialogue of clinical epistemology and establishing a knowledge-based practice. It shifts the focus from isolation to systems and from a form of hyper-empirical inquiry to one more in tune with a critical realist foundation for clinical epistemology. There is a close coherence between critical realism and systems science (approaches, thinking), with a nice summary of this coherence by John Mingers.2 This topic has been of interest to me for quite some time. In my experience, the more “meta” our attempt at epistemology, the greater the need for a dialectical approach. I first suggested the use of complex systems approaches to enhance the relevance of clinical research back …
Monitoring and analysis of population exposed to rabies in Wuhua County of Guangdong from 2011-2012

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies as well as the status of post-exposure prophylaxi in Wuhua County,provide scientific basis for rabies control and prevention.[Methods]The monitoring data of population exposed to rabies in Wuhua County from 2011-2012 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]A total of 24 728 cases exposed to rabies were reported in Wuhua County from 2011-2012,and the average annual exposure rate was 930.72 / lakh.The ratio of male-to-female was 1.18 ∶ 1,while children and aged people respectively accounted for 39.64% and 33.83% of total people exposed to rabies.Most of cases were farmers(47.68%).The peak season was summer and autumn.54.10% of wounds occurred in lower limb,and 54.13% of wounds were grade II(54.13%).80.92% of injuries were caused by dog,and 15.89% by cat.82.16% of cases visited the hospitals within 24 hours after exposure,and only 11.67% of patients with grade III injury were injected human rabies immunoglobulin.[Conclusion]Measures to control rabies should be focused on the management of dogs and cats in rural area,popularization of rabies prevention knowledge,and improving the protection of high risk group,such as aged people,children and students,enhancing the compensation standard of new rural cooperative medical system,including the human rabies immunoglobulin in compensation range,and raising the availability of post-exposure treatment.
Heat transfer in a liquid helium cooled vacuum tube following sudden vacuum loss

Condensation of nitrogen gas rapidly flowing into a liquid helium (LHe) cooled vacuum tube is studied. This study aims to examine the heat transfer in geometries such as the superconducting RF cavity string of a particle accelerator following a sudden loss of vacuum to atmosphere. In a simplified experiment, the flow is generated by quickly venting a large reservoir of nitrogen gas to a straight long vacuum tube immersed in LHe. Normal LHe (LHe I) and superfluid He II are used in separate experiments. The rate of condensation heat transfer is determined from the temperature of the tube measured at several locations along the gas flow. Instantaneous heat deposition rates in excess of 200 kW/m2 result from condensation of the flowing gas. The gas flow is then arrested in its path to pressurize the tube to atmosphere and estimate the heat transfer rate to LHe. A steady LHe I heat load of ≈25 kW/m2 is obtained in this scenario. Observations from the He II experiment are briefly discussed. An upper bound for the LHe I heat load is derived based on the thermodynamics of phase change of nitrogen.
Ambulatory cervical ripening in term pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE To study the safe use of Dilapan at term for ripening the unfavorable cervix in an outpatient setting. STUDY DESIGN Prospective review of cervical ripening with Dilapan in women at term gestation. Such women were assigned to either outpatient or inpatient cervical ripening with Dilapan. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were assigned to each group. The length of induction was similar between women who had ambulatory cervical ripening and hospitalized patients (11 +/- 7 vs. 14 +/- 7 hours, respectively), and the rates of chorioamnionitis, endometritis and nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings were also similar. However, the average length of hospitalization was significantly shorter for those who had ambulatory ripening as compared to those who were hospitalized (51 +/- 27 vs. 70 +/- 20 hours, respectively; P < .0007). CONCLUSION The use of Dilapan for cervical ripening at term in an ambulatory setting is safe and effective and may decrease the overall hospitalization time and cost.
SQL Scorecard for Improved Stability and Performance of Data Warehouses

Scorecard-based measurement techniques are used by organizations to measure the performance of their business operations. A scorecard approach could be applied to a database system to measure performance of SQL Structured Query Language being executed and the extent of resources being used by SQL. In a large data warehouse, thousands of jobs run daily via batch cycles to refresh different subject areas. Simultaneously, thousands of queries by business intelligence tools and ad-hoc queries are being executed twenty-four by seven. There needs to be a controlling mechanism to make sure these batch jobs and queries are efficient and do not consume database systems resources more than optimal. The authors propose measurement of SQL query performance via a scorecard tool. The motivation behind using a scorecard tool is to make sure that the resource consumption of SQL queries is predictable and the database system environment is stable. The experimental results show that queries that pass scorecard evaluation criteria tend to utilize optimal level of database systems computing resources. These queries also show improved parallel efficiency PE in using computing resources CPU, I/O and spool space that demonstrate the usefulness of SQL scorecard.
Geographic Information Systems in Health

This chapter describes the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in public health. An overview of GIS includes a brief history, military developments, computerized GIS software, and current tools. Examples of GIS applications for international, national, state, and local public health organizations will highlight how GIS is currently used. GIS advantages and disadvantages in the fields of epidemiology, medicine, and public health will provide a context for its use in the health industry. An overview of spatial statistics and space-time analysis will illustrate advanced GIS functions used by researchers and scientists for better understanding of spatial patterns, improved decision-making, and determining the statistical significance of spatial modelling.
Capturing Visual Image Properties with Probabilistic Models

Publisher Summary This chapter describes an empirical methodology for building and testing probability models for discretized (pixelated) images. Currently available digital cameras record images typically containing millions of pixels. Naively, one could imagine examining a large set of such images to try to determine how they are distributed. But a moment's thought leads one to realize the hopelessness of the endeavor. The amount of data needed to estimate a probability distribution of samples grows exponentially in D, the dimensionality of the space. This is known as the curse of dimensionality. Another common assumption is scale-invariance: resizing the image does not alter the probability structure. This may also be loosely justified by noting that adjusting the focal length (zoom) of a camera lens approximates (apart from perspective distortions) image resizing. As with translation-invariance, scale-invariance will clearly fail to hold at certain boundaries. Specifically, scale-invariance must fail for discretized images at fine scales approaching the size of the pixels. And similarly, it will also fail for finite-size images at coarse scales approaching the size of the entire image.
MicroRNA-29a Is An Oncogene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein encoding RNAs that bind to the 3′UTR’s of target mRNAs and negatively regulate gene expression by facilitating mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Aberrant miRNA expression is well-documented in both solid and hematopoietic malignancies, and a number of recent miRNA profiling studies have identified miRNAs associated with specific human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cytogenetic groups as well as miRNAs that may prognosticate clinical outcomes in AML patients. Unfortunately, these studies do not directly address the functional role of miRNAs in AML. In fact, there is no direct functional evidence that miRNAs are required for AML development or maintenance. Herein, we report on our recent efforts to elucidate the role of miRNAs in AML stem cells. miRNA expression profiling of AML stem cells and their normal counterparts, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and committed progenitors, reveals that miR-29a is highly expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and human AML relative to normal committed progenitors. Ectopic expression of miR-29a in mouse HSC/progenitors is sufficient to induce a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) that progresses to AML. During the MPD phase of the disease, miR-29a alters the composition of committed myeloid progenitors, significantly expedites cell cycle progression, and promotes proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors at the level of the multipotent progenitor (MPP). These changes are manifested pathologically by marked granulocytic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia with hepatosplenomegaly. Mice with miR-29a-induced MPD uniformly progress to an AML that contains a leukemia stem cell (LSC) population that can serially transplant disease with as few as 20 purified LSC. Gene expression analysis reveals multiple tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulators downregulated in miR-29a expressing cells compared to wild type. We have demonstrated that one of these genes, Hbp1, is a bona fide miR-29a target, but knockdown of Hbp1 in vivo does not recapitulate the miR-29a phenotype. These data indicate that additional genes are required for miR-29a’s leukemogenic activity. In summary, our data demonstrate that miR-29a regulates early events in normal hematopoiesis and promotes myeloid differentiation and expansion. Moreover, they establish that misexpression of a single miRNA is sufficient to drive leukemogenesis, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of miRNAs may be an effective means of treating myeloid leukemias.
Chronicity of Voice-Related Health Care Utilization in the General Medicine Community

Objectives To examine voice-related health care utilization of patients in the general medical community without otolaryngology evaluation and explore factors associated with prolonged voice-related health care. Study Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Large, national administrative US claims database. Subjects and Methods Patients with voice disorders per International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-9-CM) codes from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, seen by a general medical physician, and who did not see an otolaryngologist in the subsequent year were included. Voice-related health care utilization, patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and index laryngeal diagnosis were collected. Logistic regression with variable selection was performed to evaluate the association between predictors and ≥30 days of voice-related health care use. Results In total, 46,205 unique voice-disordered patients met inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 8.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5% had voice-related health care use of ≥90, ≥60, and ≥30 days, respectively. Of the ≥30-day subset, 80.3% and 68.5%, respectively, had ≥60 and ≥90 days of voice-related health care utilization. The ≥30-day subset had more general medicine and nonotolaryngology specialty physician visits, more prescriptions and procedures, and 4 times the voice-related health care costs compared with those in the <30-day subset. Age, sex, employment status, initial voice disorder diagnosis, and comorbid conditions were related to ≥30 days of voice-related health care utilization. Conclusions Thirty days of nonotolaryngology-based care for a voice disorder may represent a threshold beyond which patients are more likely to experience prolonged voice-related health care utilization. Specific factors were associated with extended voice-related health care.
CMO/CIO Cooperation in the Era of Big Data: An Abstract

The CMO and CIO often struggle for influence on strategic decision making within the top management team, if they are included at all. Technological improvements have increased the ability of firms to gather customer data which elevates the role of the CMO and CIO and requires them to work together more closely. There has been limited research on the relationship between senior executives outside of that with the CEO, and this study fills that gap by exploring CMO/CIO cooperation. To analyze the dynamics of the CMO/CIO relationship, this research introduces a conceptual framework that captures three antecedents of cooperation: interdependence, CMO/CIO structure, and CMO/CIO diversity. Additionally, the study identifies four cooperation mechanisms that can mediate the relationship between these antecedents and CMO/CIO cooperation. A positive relationship between the CMO and CIO can lead to a greater impact on strategic decision making, improved strategy implementation, and a superior competitive position.
OPV Tandems with CNTS: Why Are Parallel Connections Better Than Series Connections

The efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells can be increased in tandem OPV structures with complementary light absorption in top and bottom sub-cells. We demonstrate that strong transparent CNT sheets can be used as an effective charge collector interlayer in OPV and hybrid tandem solar cells. Most importantly we show that CNT sheets can be used in monolithic parallel tandems (P-T) as common a electrode interconnect between top and bottom sub-cells. For achieving good performance one of these subcells in P-T should be of inverted type. We achieved good inversion in OPV, using ZnO nanoparticles, which act as hole barrier layers and invert a typical anode ITO into a cathode. With this inverted bottom cell the efficiency of P-T is significantly improved, as compared to our earlier results. We briefly discuss the modeling analysis of OPV tandems and derive an optimal set of parameters, for highest efficiency P-T. Our simple model shows that for tandems with unbalanced photocurrents but similar open circuit voltages the optimized P-T architecture is always better than conventional series tandem (S-T) geometry. Indeed the experimental comparison of P-T with S-T for hybrids of OPV and dye sensitized solar cells demonstrate the imporved efficiency of the former.
Multistep inelastic processes in the reaction Si28(He3, d)P29 leading to bound and unbound states

We analyze the stripping reaction $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)^{29}\mathrm{P}$ at an incident $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ energy of 35.3 MeV, considering seven residual states. These extend in excitation energy to 4.8 MeV with the highest four being unbound to proton emission and described via complex energy eigenstates. The results of a distorted-wave Born-approximation analysis are rather disappointing. Through a coupled-channel Born approximation analysis, inelastic excitation in both the entrance and exit channels is shown in several cases to be important in accounting for the detailed shape of the angular distributions. Additional data obtained at 20 and 40 MeV are included in the analysis as a check of the optical potentials and spectroscopic amplitudes adopted. The spectroscopic amplitudes used are consistent with results of large-basis shell-model calculations. Good fits to the ($^{3}\mathrm{He},d$) data are obtained in both shape and magnitude, suggesting that the coupled-channel Born approximation should replace the distorted-wave Born approximation in the analysis of experimental data for single-nucleon transfer reactions in this mass region.
Contributing Factors to Child Sexual Abuse

Literature and research relevant to child sexual abuse are reviewed. Though diverse and often conflicting, the predictive factors described generally focused on the personal characteristics of the abuser, the personal characteristics of the victim, the family dynamics, and economic factors. Most authors agree as to the harmful effects on the victim, and a long and varied list is presented. Community-based programs and multiple modalities are seen as the treatment trends, with concentration on family treatment. The need for further research, particularly in the area of causation, is discussed. Evaluation research on the effectiveness of the treatment programs is seen as desirable. The implications for a change in society’s view and treatment of children are presented.
Angiogenesis Inhibition in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Knowledge of the important role of neovascularization in tumor growth and metastasis has made angiogenesis a therapeutic target of great interest within oncology. The pathophysiology of neovascularization has been well described in prostate cancer as well as other tumors. Identification and characterization of numerous biochemical pathways contributing to angiogenesis in cancer have allowed for the development of anti-angiogenic drugs. The application of anti-angiogenic agents in prostate cancer has led to some success, but further work is needed to determine the optimal population for treatment. Future growth of anti-angiogenic therapy in prostate cancer will be derived from an increasing understanding of the behavior and interactions of microvasculature, paracrine signals, adhesions molecules, and cytokines in the localized compartment known as the “tumor microenvironment.” Additionally, as individual tumors are driven by different mutations and signaling pathways, mutational analysis may allow for greater benefit by targeting anti-angiogenic therapy towards those patients whose tumors are most likely to demonstrate a clinical benefit.