cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ARE CHAMELEONS GOOD CITIZENS? A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF MONITORING AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR

In this study the relationship between self-monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) was examined longitudinally among professional and managerial employees of a federal government research laboratory. Supervisory ratings of subordinates' OCBs were collected and matched with 172 subordinates' self-ratings of self-monitoring, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, and perceptions of job characteristics. One year later, supervisory ratings of subordinates' OCBs were again collected. Support was found for the hypothesis that individuals high in self-monitoring are more likely to perform OCBs which are other-directed. Implications for management and future research are discussed.
Space-based wireless solar power transfer via a network of LEO satellites: Doppler effect analysis

The space-based solar power (SBSP) concept was introduced during the 1970s. However, the technology difficulties during that period stalled its development. Nowadays, SBSP has regained the interest of researchers as it is considered a reliable source of green energy. A solar power harvesting method using a spacecraft formation in a Low Earth Orbit has been introduced in the literature. Each spacecraft in the formation harvests the solar energy and transmits the power to the ground station simultaneously. However, high relative speed within the spacecraft, and also within the spacecraft and the earth, causes nonhomogeneous doppler spread during solar power transmission. This reduces SBSP power transmission efficiency. In this paper, the impact of Doppler spread variation between two spacecraft in the formation, and also with respect to the receiver (leader satellite or ground station) on the power transmission performance is investigated by considering different formation configurations.
An Evaluation of a Short-Term Drug Treatment for Jail Inmates

A total of 70 jail inmates who participated in an intensive, short-term drug treatment program were compared with a matched group of 70 jail inmates who did not participate in the program. Survival analysis was used to estimate the hazard of recidivism during 14 months following release from jail. The hazard ratio was significantly lower for the treatment than control group, and an analysis using propensity scores confirmed these results. Only 27% of the treatment participants were returned to jail or prison for more than 30 days, compared with 46% of the matched control group. According to qualitative responses from the participants, the program helped inmates recognize the consequences of their behavior and change their perspective. The results indicate that an intensive, short-term drug treatment program can be implemented within jails and might be a useful tool to help offenders prepare for reentry and reduce their risk of recidivism.
Extension of Strongly Regular Graphs

The Friendship Theorem states that if any two people in a party have exactly one common friend, then there exists a politician who is a friend of everybody. In this paper, we generalize the Friendship Theorem. Let $\lambda$ be any nonnegative integer and $\mu$ be any positive integer. Suppose each pair of friends have exactly $\lambda$ common friends and each pair of strangers have exactly $\mu$ common friends in a party. The corresponding graph is a generalization of strongly regular graphs obtained by relaxing the regularity property on vertex degrees. We prove that either everyone has exactly the same number of friends or there exists a politician who is a friend of everybody. As an immediate consequence, this implies a recent conjecture by Limaye et. al.
Update of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a review.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) constitute about 5% of all cancers in the western world and the incidence and mortality rates of this tumor have shown little improvement over the last 30 years. Molecular targeted therapy, a promising strategy for the treatment of OSCC and other cancers, requires the understanding of specific molecular events of carcinogenesis and the different pathological, partly interrelated pathways. Extended knowledge of the prognostic or predictive value of molecular biomarkers in oropharyngeal cancer is necessary to allow a better characterization and classification of the tumor, improve the appraisal of clinical outcome and help to specify individual multimodal therapy with increased efficiency. This work affords an updated summary regarding recent data about tissue biomarkers in patients with OSCC, based on the six essential hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan and Weinberg (Cell 100(1):57–70, 2000) providing the characterization of a malignant cell.
Microsurgical and endovascular management of pericallosal aneurysms

Background Pericallosal, or A2 bifurcation, aneurysms are an infrequently encountered cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial showed improved outcomes for patients with any ruptured anterior circulation aneurysm treated with embolization, there was also a higher recurrence rate for embolized aneurysms. Notably, there were relatively few pericallosal aneurysms. Objective Specific analysis of pericallosal aneurysms may help guide therapeutic decisions. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients who presented with proven saccular pericallosal aneurysms was performed at two institutions from 1999 to 2009. Patients were stratified according to presentation Hunt and Hess grades and modified Fisher scores, treatment modality and outcomes as well as development of vasospasm, hydrocephalus and required treatment. Results Eighty-eight patients with pericallosal aneurysms were identified. Sixty-two presented with SAH and 26 in elective fashion, 2 of whom had a prior history of SAH. Fifty-four patients underwent microsurgical repair and 32 endovascular repair. Patients presenting with SAH due to pericallosal aneurysm treated with an endovascular approach were more likely to have a good modified Rankin scale (mRS) (mRS 0–2 vs 3–6) (p=0.028), to make a complete recovery (mRS=0) (p=0.017) and were less likely to die (mRS=6) (p=0.026). Patients with electively treated pericallosal aneurysms did not have statistically significant differences in outcome between surgical and endovascular cohorts. Differences in secondary endpoints did not reach significance. Conclusion Patients with ruptured pericallosal aneurysms fare better with endovascular therapy, with better chance of complete recovery. Surgical and endovascular treatments of unruptured pericallosal aneurysms have similar results and outcome.
Using Problem Solving to Assess Young Children’s Mathematics Knowledge

Mathematics problem solving provides a means for obtaining a view of young children’s understanding of mathematics as they move through the early childhood concept development sequence. Assessment information can be obtained through observations and interviews as children develop problem solutions. Examples of preschool, kindergarten, and primary grade children’s approaches to problem solving are provided in the article. Prekindergarten and kindergarten age children discover problems during play. For example, they figure out how to use informal measurement to use construction materials such as unit blocks and Lego to build a desired building or make a desired object. Moldable materials such as clay and play dough provided shape experiences. The daily sequence of activities builds on their concept of time. Primary grade children solve adult- and child-generated problems. They may use manipulatives and/or drawings to generate problem solutions prior to using symbols and notation. Teacher and/or student devised rubrics can be used to guide evaluation.
Moral Discourse and Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting

This paper examines voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting as a form of moral discourse. It explores how alternative stakeholder perspectives lead to differing perceptions of the process and content of responsible reporting. We contrast traditional stakeholder theory, which views stakeholders as external parties having a social contract with corporations, with an emerging perspective, which views interaction among corporations and constituents as relational in nature. This moves the stakeholder from an external entity to one that is integral to corporate activity. We explore how these alternative stakeholder perspectives give rise to different normative demands for stakeholder engagement, managerial processes, and communication. We discuss models of CSR reporting and accountability: EMAS, the ISO 14000 series, SA8000, AA1000, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Copenhagen Charter. We explore how these models relate to the stakeholder philosophies and find that they are largely consistent with the traditional atomistic view but fall far short of the demands for moral engagement prescribed by a relational stakeholder perspective. Adopting a relational view requires stakeholder engagement not only in prescribing reporting requirements, but also in discourse relating to core aspects of the corporation such as mission, values, and management systems. Habermas’ theory of communicative action provides guidelines for engaging stakeholders in this moral discourse.
Distinguishing Classical Papillary Thyroid Microcancers From Follicular-Variant Microcancers

Background Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (mPTCs), tumors less than or equal to 1 cm, have been considered the same clinical entity as microfollicular-variant papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (mFVPTCs). The purpose of this study was to use population-level data to characterize differences between mFVPTC and mPTC. Materials and methods We identified adult patients diagnosed with mFVPTC or mPTC between 1998 and 2010 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Binary comparisons were made with the Student t-test and chi-squared test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to further analyze lymph node metastases and multifocality. Results Of the 30,926 cases, 8697 (28.1%) were mFVPTC. Multifocal tumors occurred with greater frequency in the mFVPTC group compared with the mPTC group (35.4% versus 31.7%; P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that patients with mFVPTC had a 26% increased risk of multifocality (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–1.4; P < 0.01). In contrast, lymph node metastases were nearly twice as common in the mPTC group compared with the mFVPTC group (6.8% versus 3.6%; P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that patients with mPTC had a 69% increased risk of lymph node metastases compared with patients with mFVPTC (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.0; P < 0.01). Conclusions Multifocality is not unique to classical mPTC and occurs more often in mFVPTC. The risk of lymph node metastases is greater for mPTC than mFVPTC. The surgeon should be aware of these features as they may influence the treatment for these microcarcinomas.
An adaptive algorithm for differentially coherent detection in the presence of intersymbol interference

An adaptive equalization method is proposed for use with differentially coherent detection of M-ary differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals in the presence of unknown carrier frequency offset. A decision-feedback or a linear equalizer is employed, followed by the differentially coherent detector. The equalizer coefficients are adjusted to minimize the post-detection mean squared error. The error, which is a quadratic function of the equalizer vector, is used to design an adaptive algorithm of stochastic gradient type. The approach differs from those proposed previously, which linearize the post-detection error to enable the use of least mean squares (LMS) or recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive equalizers. The proposed quadratic-error (Q) algorithm has complexity comparable to that of LMS, and equal convergence speed. Simulation results demonstrate performance improvement over methods based on linearized-error (L) algorithm. The main advantages of the technique proposed are its simplicity of implementation and robustness to carrier frequency offset, which is maintained for varying modulation level.
The influence of perturbation duration and velocity on the long-latency response to stretch in the biceps muscle.

Different neural pathways are proposed to mediate the long-latency stretch reflex response (M2) in muscles spanning distal and proximal joints of the upper limb. The M2 at the wrist joint is present only if the duration of the perturbation exceeds a critical time. Lee and Tatton put forward a converging input hypothesis, requiring an interaction of excitatory volleys at the spinal cord, to account for this feature. The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of the duration of perturbation on M2 responses elicited in a muscle spanning the elbow joint. Reflex responses were induced in the biceps brachii muscle by applying ramp-and-hold position displacements to the elbow. It was found that the M2 was strongly dependent on the duration of the perturbation. On average, responses were not elicited following perturbations of less than 35±5 ms. Using a novel double-movement paradigm, we were unable to provide support for the converging input hypothesis. The effect of the duration of perturbation on the M2 may account for the conflicting characteristics of the M2 that have been provided by previous studies applying mechanical or electrical perturbations of varying time durations.
A Two-Parameter Method to Monitor and Characterize Tool Wear in End Milling Inconel 718

Inconel 718 is among the most widely used superalloys in many industries. It is often used in very harsh conditions such as jet engines, combustors and nuclear reactors due to its high strength at elevated temperatures, high oxidation and corrosion resistance. Machining superalloy Inconel 718 has always been a challenging task due to its poor machinability including rapid work hardening, low thermal conductivity, and relatively short cutting tool life. The fast tool wear during cutting Inconel 718 results in longer production time, deteriorated surface integrity, and higher manufacturing cost. In this paper, an on-line optical tool monitoring system integrated with a CNC machine tool has been developed to examine tool wear evolutions in end milling Inconel 718 with PVD (Ti, Al) N/TiN-coated carbide insert. Three basic types of tool wear: flank wear, nose wear, and crater wear were examined and analyzed. A two-parameter method has been proposed to evaluate both flank wear and nose wear vs. cutting time.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 60 Hz magnetic fields and harmonic frequencies in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract Ryan, B. M., Polen, M., Gauger, J. R., Mallett, B., Jr., Kearns, M. E., Bryan, T. E. and McCormick, D. L. Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of 60 Hz Magnetic Fields and Harmonic Frequencies in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Experimental data suggest that exposure to the 50 and 60 Hz sinusoidal components of power-frequency magnetic fields (MFs) does not have an adverse impact on fetal development. However, the possible developmental toxicity of MF harmonics has not been investigated. This study was designed to determine whether exposure to 180 Hz MFs (third harmonic), alone or in combination with 60 Hz MFs, induces birth defects in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of sperm-positive dams (≥20/group) were exposed for 18.5 h per day from gestation days 6 through 19 to (1) ambient MFs only (<0.0001 mT; sham controls); (2) 60 Hz MFs at 0.2 mT; (3) 180 Hz MFs at 0.2 mT; or (4) 60 Hz + 180 Hz MFs (10% third harmonic; total field strength = 0.2 mT). Litter size, litter weight, percentage live births, sex ratio, ...
Rapid needs assessment of Hurricane Katrina evacuees-Oklahoma, September 2005.

INTRODUCTION: On 04 September 2005, 1,589 Hurricane Katrina evacuees from the New Orleans area arrived in Oklahoma. The Oklahoma State Department of Health conducted a rapid needs assessment of the evacuees housed at a National Guard training facility to determine the medical and social needs of the population in order to allocate resources appropriately. METHODS: A standardized questionnaire that focused on individual and household evacuee characteristics was developed. Households from each shelter building were targeted for surveying, and a convenience sample was used. RESULTS: Data were collected on 197 households and 373 persons. When compared with the population of Orleans Parish, Louisiana, the evacuees sampled were more likely to be male, black, and 45-64 years of age. They also were less likely to report receiving a high school education and being employed pre-hurricane. Of those households of > 1 persons, 63% had at least one missing household member. Fifty-six percent of adults and 21% of children reported having at least one chronic disease. Adult women and non-black persons were more likely to report a pre-existing mental health condition. Fourteen percent of adult evacuees reported a mental illness that required medication pre-hurricane, and eight adults indicated that they either had been physically or sexually assaulted after the hurricane. Approximately half of adults reported that they had witnessed someone being severely injured or dead, and 10% of persons reported that someone close to them (family or friend) had died since the hurricane. Of the adults answering questions related to acute stress disorder, 50% indicated that they suffered at least one symptom of the disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this needs assessment highlight that the evacuees surveyed predominantly were black, of lower socio-economic status, and had substantial, pre-existing medical and mental health concerns. The evacuees experienced multiple emotional traumas, including witnessing grotesque scenes and the disruption of social systems, and had pre-existing psychopathologies that predisposed this population to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When disaster populations are displaced, mental health and social service providers should be available immediately upon the arrival of the evacuees, and should be integrally coordinated with the relief response. Because the displaced population is at high risk for disaster-related mental health problems, it should be monitored closely for persons with PTSD. This displaced population will likely require a substantial re-establishment of financial, medical, and educational resources in new communities or upon their return to Louisiana. Language: en
Targeted mutagenesis of the murine opioid system.

The opioid system is a powerful modulator of pain and pleasure. Membrane-bound receptors that bind opioid drugs have been identified and characterized pharmacologically, and the genes that encode these receptors have been cloned and mapped to their chromosomal loci. A family of endogenous peptides that produce opioid responses bind these receptors with affinities specific to individual receptors. Currently, experiments using genetically manipulated mice are unambiguously identifying the physiological processes that opioid peptides and their cognate receptors control. A major strength of this technique is that experiments are no longer subject to the limitations of pharmacological specificity (e.g., an agonist’s affinity for more than one receptor). Technology for transgenesis and targeted mutagenesis in mice has progressed to a point where we can now examine single gene changes in vivo,using biologically relevant paradigms. Genetically modified mice, mostly those harboring a null allele for an opioid gene, behave consistently with several hypotheses based on earlier pharmacological data, but unexpected results have been observed as well. We review here what those experiments have found and identify important experiments that have not been done. In addition, we review the use of genetically manipulated mice, pointing out caveats and pitfalls of this technology, particularly as it applies to the opioid-mediated behaviors of analgesia and addiction.
Splenic B-Cell Marginal Zone Lymphoma in Lymph Node

Splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a lymphoma that arises in the spleen and often causes massive splenomegaly. The cell of origin of SMZL and its relationship to other marginal zone neoplasms is currently uncertain.
Stability analysis of carbon nanotubes via continuum models

This paper presents the research on stability analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via elastic continuum beam and shell models. The estimation of the flexural stiffness of a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) via elastic beam model is proposed based on the postulate analyzed and provided in the paper. The validation of the stiffness is conducted with the ab initio calculations of the vibration of a SWNT. Based on the stiffness proposed, the stability analysis of CNTs is further conducted and validated with the well-cited research results by Yakobson and his collaborators. In addition, more predictions of various buckling phenomena of carbon nanotubes by beam and shell models are provided and studied. In the end, the kink phenomenon in a SWNT under pure bending is discussed via the continuum model. Last but not least, the results on the kink of a SWNT under an initial bend is presented. It is hoped that this paper will pave the way toward a better understanding of continuum models" application in the stability analysis of carbon nanotubes.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Adverse Effects of Ball-Chain Radio-Collars on Female Mantled Howlers (Alouatta palliata) in Panama

The placement of radio- and GPS-collars on primates has advanced the fields of primate behavior and ecology and yielded considerable conservation gains. However, to ensure that the placement of tracking collars remains a humane practice, the reporting of both positive and negative outcomes is required. Here, we evaluate the impacts of radio-collars on the reproduction, behavior, and health of female mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. In June 2005, as part of a behavioral study, we fitted 16 female howlers with ball-chain radio-collars weighing 1.2% of the mean adult female weight. We monitored these 16 collared females and 64 noncollared females across an annual cycle, and recaptured the collared females in July 2006 for collar removal. The mortality rate for collared females across the study year was 6.3% (N=1), while the net loss of noncollared females from study groups was 15.6% (N=10). All collared females reproduced. The behaviors of collared and noncollared females were not significantly different. However, on recapture to remove all remaining collars (N = 13), 38% of recaptured collared females presented with damage to the dermal layer on the back of the neck and 31% presented with more severe damage extending into the subcutaneous tissue and muscle. Given this physical damage, which was not apparent through binoculars, we cannot recommend using ball-chain radio-collars on female mantled howlers without careful welfare monitoring.
Review of Delayed Orchiectomy in Patients with Disseminated Testis Tumors

Of 8 patients who underwent delayed orchiectomy after adequate chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer 7 had no evidence of disease at the time of orchiectomy but 3 had residual cancer in the testis removed. The testis may be a privileged sanctuary for malignancy even during treatment with appropriate chemotherapy. Therefore, the primary tumor should be removed in patients presenting initially with metastatic disease, even if the metastases clear with treatment.
Dipole fringe field thin map for compact synchrotrons

The Lie map generator of the dipole fringe field is derived up to the 4th order of canonical variables. We discovered significant closed orbit deviation and octupolelike potential when the bending radius $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is small. We found that the closed orbit deviation is proportional to ${g}^{2}/\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the octupolelike potential effect is proportional to $1/(g{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2})$, where $g$ is the vertical magnet gap.
Hypoglycemic activity of tris buffer in man and dog.

SummaryTris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane produced significant hypoglycemia in man and dog. The nature of this phenomenon remains to be determined.
Association of Graduated Driver Licensing With Driver, Non-Driver, and Total Fatalities Among Adolescents

INTRODUCTION: Graduated driver licensing systems typically require an extended learner permit phase, and create night-time driving or passenger restrictions for adolescent drivers. Restricted driving might increase the use of alternative transportation to replace driving and consequently increase crashes and injuries for passengers, bus riders, pedestrians, and bicyclists. This study examined whether graduated driver licensing increases non-driver fatalities among adolescents, and whether it reduces total traffic fatalities combining drivers and non-drivers. METHODS: Longitudinal analyses were conducted using data from the 1995-2012 U.S. Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Adjusted rate ratios were estimated for being fatally injured in a crash according to: (1) presence/absence of a graduated driver licensing system; and (2) four levels of graduated driver licensing systems (absent, weak, medium, strong). Analyses were conducted in 2015. RESULTS: Among adolescents aged 16 years, graduated driver licensing was not associated with increased passenger fatalities (adjusted rate ratio, 0.96; 95% CI=0.90, 1.03) or pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities (adjusted rate ratio, 1.09; 95% CI=0.85, 1.39), but was associated with an 11% reduction in total traffic fatalities. Among those aged 17 years, graduated driver licensing was not associated with increased fatalities as passengers, pedestrians, or bicyclists, and was not associated with reduced total traffic fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: In general, graduated driver licensing systems were not associated with increased fatalities as passengers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and bus riders. Graduated driver licensing systems were associated with reduced total fatalities of adolescents aged 16 years.Copyright © 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
The Influence of Math Anxiety, Math Performance, Worry, and Test Anxiety on the Iowa Gambling Task and Balloon Analogue Risk Task:

Multiple studies have shown that performance on behavioral decision-making tasks, such as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), is influenced by external factors, such as mood. However, the research regarding the influence of worry is mixed, and no research has examined the effect of math or test anxiety on these tasks. The present study investigated the effects of anxiety (including math anxiety) and math performance on the IGT and BART in a sample of 137 undergraduate students. Math performance and worry were not correlated with performance on the IGT, and no variables were correlated with BART performance. Linear regressions indicated math anxiety, physiological anxiety, social concerns/stress, and test anxiety significantly predicted disadvantageous selections on the IGT during the transition from decision making under ambiguity to decision making under risk. Implications for clinical evaluation of decision making are discussed.
Skills for using theory in social work, 32 lessons for evidence-informed practice, by J. A. Forte

In this book the author takes an innovative stance on theory, focusing on the process of selecting and applying theory, instead of describing the content of various theories. Theory is reframed as ...
Disaster Risks and Preparedness Planning

While it is possible to spend one’s life thinking through extreme “Katrina-like” disasters that might threaten the practice and attempting to prepare contingency plans, we believe there are probably better uses of time, provided that one has attended to certain principles and priorities. This is particularly true since no amount of simulation, drill, or other planning and preparation can enable an organization to be perpetually completely prepared for all possible overwhelming disasters.
Research progress of electrochemical technology of energy storage

Electrochemical energy storage was a design which has great influence on both the developing of future energy system and its circulating. The electrochemical technology of energy storage was the fastest progressed technology among those energy storage technologies. Great breakthrough was taking place on the aspects of safety,energy conversion efficiency and economy of the electrochemical technology of energy storage based on the lithium ion battery,NaS battery,vanadium redox flow battery. The industrialization was obtained. Lead battery, zinc air battery, Ni-MH battery, fuel cell and super capacity and their electrochemical reaction theory, system points and actuality were described.
Study on Indomethacin Distributions in C57 Mice and It's Anti-tumor Effects by 3H Tracing

3H tracing method is used to observe the IN's (Indomethacin, IN) biological distributions and anti-tumor effects in C57 mice with Lewis lung cancer. The results show that IN concentrats selectively in tumor tissues. At 7 h after giving IN, the radioactivity uptake in tumor tissue is higher than that in blood, muscle and fat (P0. 05). At 12 h the radioactivity uptake in tumor is significantly higher than other tissues (except for liver and kidney) (P0. 01). The results of IN in suppressing tumors show that the tumor volume in the treatment group is 3. 59 cm3 whereas 8. 37 cm3 in the contrast group at 20th day after tramsplamting of Lewis lung cancer. The inhibitory ratio is 57. 1%. IN is given early after the transplanting of Lewis lung tumor, no tumor is observed at the location of transplantation. It shows IN's potential role in anti-tumor effects.
The Salado in Southwestern New Mexico

ABSTRACTThe late prehistory of southwest New Mexico is outlined. The long Mogollon-Mimbres sequence is seen as having no significant relationship to the Salado. The Animas phase, which immediately follows the Mimbres sequence, contains Gila Polychrome, but this phase is seen as related to Casas Grandes and not to the Arizona Salado. The last occupation in the area at about A.D. 1400 is the Cliff phase. Gila Polychrome is the dominant painted ware and is locally made. Sites are adobe walled and often have compound walls. At least 18 sites containing over 1400 rooms are known. It is concluded that the Cliff phase is directly related to the Salado and that a model of the Salado cannot exclude this phase.
The contribution of respondent computer experience on primacy effect and satisficing in internet surveys

This study, conducted in the spring of 2005, was designed to assess the contribution of computer experience on primacy effect and satisficing in online survey formats. Although regression analysis found that survey format can predict primacy effect, computer experience did not add to the explanation of the variance in primacy effect. Similarly, survey format was found to be a predictor for satisficing, however, computer experience did not add to the explanation of the variance in satisficing. In addition, there was not a significant correlation between computer experience and the number of words used to answer open-ended questions. Lack of variability of computer experience among respondents was a limitation in this study. Six survey formats (answer choices listed visible vertical, visible horizontal, pull-down menu, or check-all-that-apply with two surveys for each formats; answer choices listed in forward order and answer choices listed in reverse) were used to test for primacy effect. Initial linear regressions revealed that 6 of the 85 questions resulted in a positive and significant beta indicating primacy effect. Further regression analysis compared horizontally listed answer choices and pull-down menu survey formats individually against the vertical and visible answer choice survey format to determine if survey format explained a significant proportion of the variance in primacy effect. The interaction between survey format and answer order did not produce a significant positive correlation with primacy effect, therefore further investigation of the contribution of computer experience on primacy effect in those two survey formats was not necessary. Linear regression showed that the check-all-that-apply answer format does significantly explain the variance in primacy effect, however further analysis showed that computer experience did not significantly explain additional variance in primacy effect. Regression analysis showed that satisficing was more evident in the matrix survey format when compared with the visible vertical survey format, however computer experience did not significantly explain the variance in satisficing in these two survey formats. Finally, regression analysis failed to show that computer experience had an effect on the number of words used to answer open-ended questions (an indication of satisficing).
Finding and Maintaining Rigid Components.

We give the first complete analysis that the complexity of finding and maintaining rigid components of planar bar-and-joint frameworks and arbitrary d-dimensional body-and-bar frameworks, using a family of algorithms called pebble games, is O(n). To this end, we introduce a new data structure problem called union pairfind, which maintains disjoint edge sets and supports pair-find queries of whether two vertices are spanned by a set. We present solutions that apply to generalizations of the pebble game algorithms, beyond the original rigidity motivation.
Digital vs Analog Filtering of Electrophysiological Data Utilizing Microprocessors

Digital filtering of averaged evoked potential waveforms by microprocessor is presented and evaluated as a technique for enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio, and compared to analog filtering. It is shown that analog filters inherently produce distortions of amplitude and phase, and that these distortions are virtually eliminated within the bandpass limits of a digital filter. Calibration data are presented, comparing phase and amplitude before and after both analog and digital filtering. Digital filtering is accomplished offline by means of an LSI-11 microprocessor. In addition, filtering effects upon actual data are shown and analyzed.
Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Risk Prevention in Residents of Battered Women's Shelters

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and intimate partner violence (IPV) are interconnected public health problems. However, few HIV prevention interventions address the unique needs of IPV survivors in shelter and none of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s best-evidence risk reduction interventions adequately explore the complex relationship between IPV and HIV risk. Although battered women's shelters provide a safe and supportive environment for women in crisis, most do not offer HIV risk reduction services or sexual safety planning. Methods This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of rapid HIV testing and brief risk prevention intervention developed for residents of battered women's shelters. The Safe Alternatives For Empowered sex for intimate partner violence intervention (SAFE-IPV) was evaluated in an open trial ( N = 98). Participants were assessed with a series of standardized interviews and self-reports at screening and 3 months after leaving the shelter. Results Few eligible participants declined SAFE-IPV and participants who received SAFE-IPV reported high levels of satisfaction. No participants in the open trial tested positive for HIV. However, participants reported significantly fewer unprotected vaginal and anal sexual occasions and increased intentions to engage in risk preventative behaviors 3 months after leaving shelter compared with the 3 months before shelter. Additionally, participants reported significant improvements on HIV risk factors addressed in SAFE-IPV at the 3-month follow-up (i.e., reduced emotional, physical, and sexual harm by abuser, posttraumatic stress symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, and drug use). Discussion These results extend prior research on HIV prevention with women with IPV, demonstrating the acceptability, feasibility, and initial efficacy of SAFE-IPV within battered women's shelter settings.
De novo DQ donor-specific antibodies are associated with worse outcomes compared to non-DQ de novo donor-specific antibodies following heart transplantation.

Background Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) resulting from de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) leads to adverse outcomes following heart transplantation (HTx). It remains unclear what role dnDSA to specific HLA antigens play in adverse outcomes. This study compares outcomes in patients developing dnDSA to DQ antigens with those developing non-DQ dnDSA and those free from dnDSA. Methods Single-center, retrospective analysis of 122 consecutive HTx recipients. The primary outcome was a composite of death or graft dysfunction. Results After 3.3 years of follow-up, 31 (28%) patients developed dnDSA. Mean time to dnDSA was 539 days. 19/31 patients developed DQ antibodies and 12/31 developed non-DQ antibodies. Compared to non-DQ dnDSA, DQ antibodies presented with higher MFI values (p = 0.001), were more likely persistent (p = 0.001), and appeared later post-HTx (654 vs. 359 days, p = 0.035). In a multivariable analysis, DQ dnDSA was associated with increased risk of the primary endpoint (HR 6.15, 95% CI 2.57 – 14.75, p = 0.001), whereas no increased risk was seen with non-DQ dnDSA (p = 0.749). Conclusions dnDSA to DQ antigens following HTx are associated with increased risk of death and graft dysfunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
91-Year-Old Allograft: Oldest Surviving Donor Heart Still Going: A Case Report.

For patients with end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation remains one of the most successful therapies with excellent long-term survival rates. However, over the past few decades, there has been a worsening supply/demand mismatch given the rising epidemic of heart failure and the relatively fixed availability of donor hearts. In this case report, we describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who underwent transplantation with a 68-year-old donor heart and who has survived for 23 years without any major cardiac problems. To our knowledge, this patient has one of the oldest surviving donor hearts (91-year-old heart). Review of the latest guidelines and recent studies have demonstrated a gradual expansion of donor criteria to meet this critical shortage of donor organs.
Crop recognition under weedy conditions based on 3D imaging for robotic weed control

A 3D time-of-flight camera was applied to develop a crop plant recognition system for broccoli and green bean plants under weedy conditions. The developed system overcame the previously unsolved problems caused by occluded canopy and illumination variation. An efficient noise filter was developed to remove the sparse noise points in 3D point cloud space. Both 2D and 3D features including the gradient of amplitude and depth image, surface curvature, amplitude percentile index, normal direction, and neighbor point count in 3D space were extracted and found effective for recognizing these two types of plants. Separate segmentation algorithms were developed for each of the broccoli and green bean plant in accordance with their 3D geometry and 2D amplitude characteristics. Under the experimental condition where the crops were heavily infested by various types of weed plants, detection rates over 88.3% and 91.2% were achieved for broccoli and green bean plant leaves, respectively. Additionally, the crop plants were segmented out with nearly complete shape. Moreover, the algorithms were computationally optimized, resulting in an image processing speed of over 30 frames per second.
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction use for radiation dose reduction in pediatric lower-extremity CT: impact on diagnostic image quality

For the past several years, increased levels of imaging radiation and cumulative radiation to children has been a significant concern. Although several measures have been taken to reduce radiation dose during computed tomography (CT) scan, the newer dose reduction software adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) has been an effective technique in reducing radiation dose. To our knowledge, no studies are published that assess the effect of ASIR on extremity CT scans in children. To compare radiation dose, image noise, and subjective image quality in pediatric lower extremity CT scans acquired with and without ASIR. The study group consisted of 53 patients imaged on a CT scanner equipped with ASIR software. The control group consisted of 37 patients whose CT images were acquired without ASIR. Image noise, Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) and dose length product (DLP) were measured. Two pediatric radiologists rated the studies in subjective categories: image sharpness, noise, diagnostic acceptability, and artifacts. The CTDI (p value = 0.0184) and DLP (p value <0.0002) were significantly decreased with the use of ASIR compared with non-ASIR studies. However, the subjective ratings for sharpness (p < 0.0001) and diagnostic acceptability of the ASIR images (p < 0.0128) were decreased compared with standard, non-ASIR CT studies. Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction reduces radiation dose for lower extremity CTs in children, but at the expense of diagnostic imaging quality. Further studies are warranted to determine the specific utility of ASIR for pediatric musculoskeletal CT imaging.
Effects of longitudinal powered exoskeleton training on overground walking for SCI: A case study

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the therapeutic and training effects of longitudinal robotic exoskeleton training (>50 hours) for an individual with chronic SCI on temporal-spatial and kinematic gait outcomes during independent overground walking without the robot. Gait parameters include stride length, stance/swing times, walking speed, temporal symmetry, sagittal joint range of motion and bilateral weight distribution. Longitudinal exoskeleton training resulted in increased bilateral knee ROM, improved phasic distribution of temporal measures and symmetric weight distribution, which translated to increased overall walking speed to the level of community ambulation (∼.4m/s).
Alzheimer's genetic risk is reduced in primary age-related tauopathy: a potential model of resistance?

Objective Nearly all adults >50 years of age have evidence for neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) and a significant proportion of individuals additionally develop amyloid plaques (Aβ) consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In an effort to identify the independent genetic risk factors for NFTs and Aβ, we investigated genotypic frequencies of AD susceptibility loci between autopsy-confirmed AD and primary age-related tauopathy (PART), a neuropathological condition defined by characteristic neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) with minimal or absent Aβ. Methods General linear models assessed the odds of AD (N = 1190) relative to PART (N = 376) neuropathologically confirmed cases from two independent series: the Penn Brain Bank (PENN; AD N = 312; PART N = 65) and National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC; AD N = 878; PART N = 311). We also evaluated the odds of Braak stage NFT burden. Results Three genotypes significantly associated with reduced AD risk relative to PART in the PENN (N = 377) and NACC (N = 1189) cohorts including APOE e4, APOE e2, and rs6656401 in the CR1 gene. The genotypes rs6733839 in the BIN1 gene and rs28834970 in the PTK2B gene approached significance in the PENN cohort and were significantly associated with reduced AD risk in the NACC cohort. In a combined cohort analysis (N = 1566), APOE e4 dosage was highly associated with higher Braak stage of NFT burden in Probable PART and AD, but not Definite PART. Interpretation The presence of genotypic differences between PART and AD suggest that PART can provide a genetic model of NFT risk and potential Aβ resistance to inform disease-modifying therapies.
Constipation, Diarrhea, Gas, and the Intestine

The topics of this chapter are grouped together because they often result in abdominal pain or cramps, increased flatus or eructation, or diarrhea or constipation. At times an etiology is found, but most often the patient is plagued and a nutritional approach to the symptoms is sought. The nutritional advice given such patients can be of enormous help or useless, but should always be on a sound physiologic basis. The following, I hope, is a rational approach to using the diet as the treatment of these patients.
Ice in the Troposphere

Ice particles play important roles in modulating radiative and hydrological fluxes and chemical composition in the troposphere, and in creation of the large in-cloud electric fields that give rise to lightning. These roles depend on the numbers, shapes, sizes, surface properties and spatial distributions of the particles. In this paper we discuss current understanding of the important processes involving tropospheric ice particles, with particular focus on the roles of atmospheric impurities (i.e., nonwater substance) of both natural and anthropogenic origins. For additional background material see [1, 2, 3, 4].
Behavioral and neural spatial acuity can be persistently reduced by early temporary hearing loss

Children experiencing asymmetrical hearing early in life, typically due to conductive hearing loss (CHL) associated with ear infection, often display reduced behavioral spatial acuity that persists long after hearing is restored, suggesting abnormal central auditory development. We hypothesized that persistent CHL disrupts the experience-dependent fine-tuning of binaural hearing necessary in the developing auditory system to support normal behavioral spatial acuity. Using an animal model (the guinea pig), we found that chronic unilateral CHL during development (induced by an earplug) caused the brain to generate a less precise representation of auditory space. When the hearing loss was reversed by simply removing the earplug, both the spatial acuity of single neurons in the inferior colliculus and behavioral performance in a simple sound location acuity task were ~threefold worse than animals that had not worn earplugs, as if the sense of auditory space had been blurred. Overall, the results suggest that experiencing even temporary hearing loss during early development can persistently alter the normal maturation of the auditory brain circuits that are necessary to support good spatial acuity. Thus, the maladaptive plasticity in these circuits due to temporary hearing loss during development can place limitations on spatial acuity in adulthood. [Support: R01-DC011555, T32-DC012280, F31-DC014219.]
The Role of Marketing Channels in Supply Chain Management

Abstract This paper synthesizes five decades of supply chain-related research from premier managerially oriented marketing journals and provides a state-of-the-art integration and forecasting of where the field is heading. Such a review identifies where the field of supply chain management (SCM) has been, where it is, and where it is likely to go within the domain of marketing. Importantly, our paper involves a strategic discovery of the anchoring of SCM thought in marketing. A prominent feature of this paper is a set of takeaways, delineated from the cross-section of SCM literature bases (marketing channels, logistics, purchasing, and operations management) that will facilitate the development of the topic of SCM in marketing. These takeaways serve as agenda setters for future research and potential applications of SCM in marketing. Overall, we contribute to the marketing and SCM literatures by (1) reviewing the breadth of the most impactful literature on SCM that is directly connected to the field of marketing, (2) summarizing the state-of-the-art of the SCM in marketing literature, and (3) forecasting via a series of integrated takeaways what research is needed and where the SCM in marketing is likely to progress.