cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speedup convergence and reduce noise for enhanced speech separation and recognition

Novel techniques are proposed to enhance time-domain adaptive decorrelation filtering (ADF) for separation and recognition of cochannel speech in reverberant room conditions. The enhancement techniques include whitening filtering on cochannel speech to improve condition of adaptive estimation, block-iterative formulation of ADF to speed up convergence, and integration of multiple ADF outputs through post filtering to reduce reverberation noise. Experimental data were generated by convolving TIMIT speech with acoustic path impulse responses measured in real room environment, with approximately 2 m microphone-source distance and initial target-to-interference ratio of about 0 dB. The proposed techniques significantly improved ADF convergence rate, target-to-interference ratio, and accuracy of phone recognition
A Fast Scanning Mobility Particle Spectrometer for Monitoring Transient Particle Size Distributions

The Scanning Mobility Particle Spectrometer (SMPS) is a key tool for measuring particle size distribution. The application of the instrument to obtain size distributions throughout a wide range of particle sizes for transient systems, such as motor vehicle emissions, has been limited by the time resolution of the SMPS. In this paper, we present a fast-SMPS (f-SMPS) that utilizes a Radial Differential Mobility Analyzer (rDMA) and a Wixing Condensation Particle Counter (mCPC). The combination of these two components allows for the acquisition of particle size distributions on the time scale of several seconds. The Instrument has an operating range of 5–98 nm and can obtain particle size distributions at rates of up to 0.4 Hz. This paper presents the initial construction and calibration of the instrument followed by its application to several sampling scenarios. Samples from the on-road testing of a heavy-duty diesel (HDD) vehicle demonstrate the utility of this instrument for momtor vehicle emissions measur...
Determining habitat quality for species that demonstrate dynamic habitat selection

Determining habitat quality for wildlife populations requires relating a species' habitat to its survival and reproduction. Within a season, species occurrence and density can be disconnected from measures of habitat quality when resources are highly seasonal, unpredictable over time, and patchy. Here we establish an explicit link among dynamic selection of changing resources, spatio-temporal species distributions, and fitness for predictive abundance and occurrence models that are used for short-term water management and long-term restoration planning. We used the wading bird distribution and evaluation models (WADEM) that estimate (1) daily changes in selection across resource gradients, (2) landscape abundance of flocks and individuals, (3) conspecific foraging aggregation, and (4) resource unit occurrence (at fixed 400 m cells) to quantify habitat quality and its consequences on reproduction for wetland indicator species. We linked maximum annual numbers of nests detected across the study area and nesting success of Great Egrets (Ardea alba), White Ibises (Eudocimus albus), and Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) over a 20-year period to estimated daily dynamics of food resources produced by WADEM over a 7490 km(2) area. For all species, increases in predicted species abundance in March and high abundance in April were strongly linked to breeding responses. Great Egret nesting effort and success were higher when birds also showed greater conspecific foraging aggregation. Synthesis and applications: This study provides the first empirical evidence that dynamic habitat selection processes and distributions of wading birds over environmental gradients are linked with reproductive measures over periods of decades. Further, predictor variables at a variety of temporal (daily-multiannual) resolutions and spatial (400 m to regional) scales effectively explained variation in ecological processes that change habitat quality. The process used here allows managers to develop short- and long-term conservation strategies that (1) consider flexible behavioral patterns and (2) are robust to environmental variation over time.
Magnesium-Catalyzed Mild Reduction of Tertiary and Secondary Amides to Amines

The first example of a catalytic hydroboration of amides for their deoxygenation to amines is reported. This transformation employs an earth-abundant magnesium-based catalyst. Tertiary and secondary amides are reduced to amines at room temperature in the presence of pinacolborane (HBpin) and catalytic amounts of ToMMgMe (ToM = tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate). Catalyst initiation and speciation is complex in this system, as revealed by the effects of concentration and order of addition of the substrate and HBpin in the catalytic experiments. ToMMgH2Bpin, formed from ToMMgMe and HBpin, is ruled out as a possible catalytically relevant species by its reaction with N,N-dimethylbenzamide, which gives Me2NBpin and PhBpin through C–N and C–C bond cleavage pathways, respectively. In that reaction, the catalytic product benzyldimethylamine is formed in only low yield. Alternatively, the reaction of ToMMgMe and N,N-dimethylbenzamide slowly gives decomposition of ToMMgMe over 24 h, and this interaction ...
Sexual Medicine in the Management of Older Gynecologic Cancer Patients

Although rates of sexual activity and function have been noted to decline over time in gynecologic cancer populations, it is important not to presume that sexuality is an insignificant aspect of life for older adults. The sexual and vaginal health impact of cancer treatment can be devastating for women of all ages. Disease type, stage of disease, and type of treatment can contribute to vaginal atrophy and sexual difficulties in female cancer patients, and particular gynecologic cancer diagnoses may present their own unique challenges. Regardless of the type or extent of surgery, surgical scars are constant reminders of a woman’s cancer experience and can influence her view of herself. Unfortunately, the epidemiology of sexual dysfunction in female cancer populations has not been extensively studied, and future clinical trials focusing on age, race, ethnicity, and treatment factors are needed. Vaginal health issues are especially problematic for all women with advancing age; however, there are many simple strategies to alleviate vaginal estrogen deprivation symptoms, but this information needs to be delivered to our patients. Maintaining overall vaginal health is crucial for comfort, especially since gynecological and pelvic examinations are a necessary part of routine care and cancer ­surveillance. Despite positive changes in the oncology and sexual medicine fields over the past several decades, past several decades, there is still a paucity of targeted and a paucity of targeted interventions addressing sexual and vaginal health issues. Prospective research with uniform measures and methods are needed to fully comprehend the impact of gynecologic cancer on the sexual function and vaginal health of women of all ages coping with cancer.
Time to clozapine response in a standardized trial

Objective: The authors sought to determine the time to clozapine response in treatment-refractory patients with schizophrenia. Method: Antipsychotic response to a clozapine trial was examined in 50 treatment-refractory schizophrenic inpatients. Subjects were treated with clozapine for at least 12 months, regardless of response status, according to a standardized, increasing dose protocol. Behavioral changes were measured through monthly assessments with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Results: Thirty-four subjects (68%) met clinical response criteria by the end of the trial. Response was achieved at a mean dose of 468 mg/day (SD=168). The dose of 30 (88%) of the responding patients was 600 mg/day or less. The mean time to response was 82 days (SD=100, range=10‐401). It took an average of 60 days (SD=87) for subjects to reach the dose at which clozapine response was achieved. Once this dose was reached, the average response time was 17 days (SD=14, range=2‐56). All 34 subjects who responded met criteria within 8 weeks of a clozapine dose escalation. No late response was found in the remaining 16 subjects despite a mean follow-up period of 75 weeks (SD=50). Conclusions: In this study, all patients who responded to clozapine did so within 8 weeks of a change in dose. Thus, there appears to be little clinical gain in prolonging exposure to clozapine beyond 8 weeks at any particular dose if no response is seen. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1243‐1247)
Examining US principal perception of multiple leadership styles used to practice shared instructional leadership

Purpose – Decades of research on different leadership styles shows that effective school leadership is the degree of influence or synergy between teachers and principals around the core business of schools, instruction. While various styles, such as transformational, instructional, shared instructional, point to the similar measures of high organizational quality, the inconsistency in how these styles are defined and relate make it unclear how principals systematically improve schools. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study used the 1999-2000 schools and staffing survey, n=8,524 of US principals, since it includes a nationally representative sample of administrators who responded to a comprehensive set of leadership measures around a time of school restructuring reforms. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify different styles, and to measure the extent of their relationship. These factors were used to test a theory about why principals practice each of ...
Memorandum Concerning a Proposed Research Technique

well fitted group of psychologists and economists would unquestionably proproduce data of great value. Here is a problem of the highest importance. The time to study it is during the progress of the experiment. The fundamental and basic relation between psychology and social science is that a large proportion of sociological and economic problems cannot be solved without psychological data. Psychology is as necessary to social science as is chemistry to medicine or astronomy. Furthermore, it is necessary that psychological data to be scientificaly valuable must be quantitatively stated. This requires not only that a datum must be presented with the evidence of its validity so clearly stated and described that its claim for acceptance as usuable knowledge can be analyzed and checked up by another mind, whether that evidence of validity be based on experimentation, case studies and observation, or mass data and the deadly law of averages, but also a quantitative datum must contain the element of measurement by some stated standard of the quality, degree, or comparative relation of the datum to a phenomenon. The conclusion from this presentation is that psychological data to be valuable to social science inust not only be convincingly proven, but also presented with the methodology and technique for measurable application to the problems of sociology, economics, education, criminology, psychiatry or neurology, all of them watching with deep concern and sympathetic interest the progress of psychology in overcoming conditions characterized by Mill as a "blot on the face of science."
Training in evidence-based practice across the professional continuum

The benefits of evidence-based practice (EBP) and the utilization of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) is well documented in the professional practice and training literature. However, the literature explaining methods by which to train and supervise professionals in these areas is less clear. To facilitate the highest level of clinical care, mental health trainee, professionals, and those who educate and supervise clinicians will benefit from identifying and evaluating effective and efficient methods for implementing EBP and EBTs. This manuscript reports on three programs across the training and professional continuum that provide training and supervision/consultation on EBT. Commonalities among the program include an individualized training approach, the use of active learning strategies, and measuring individuals’ progress in learning and/or outcomes. Data regarding student response to EBP and EBT training in graduate study is provided. Additionally, a model for internship training in clinical research and clinical practice is described. Finally, pilot data is provided regarding training methods for preparing professional clinicians to provide an EBT. The development of models addressing EBP and EBT in academic, training and professional practice areas is instrumental in developing skilled clinicians and researchers able to address the clinical needs of their clients
Mesenteric Abscess in Crohn's Disease

A 44-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease presented with a 1-week history of progressive abdominal distention, nausea, and feculent vomiting and reported having lost 13.6 kg during the preceding 6 months. She had undergone ileocecostomy 20 years earlier.
Allosteric inhibition of antiapoptotic MCL-1

MCL-1 is an antiapoptotic BCL-2 family protein that has emerged as a major pathogenic factor in human cancer. Like BCL-2, MCL-1 bears a surface groove whose function is to sequester the BH3 killer domains of proapoptotic BCL-2 family members, a mechanism harnessed by cancer cells to establish formidable apoptotic blockades. Although drugging the BH3-binding groove has been achieved for BCL-2, translating this approach to MCL-1 has been challenging. Here, we report an alternative mechanism for MCL-1 inhibition by small-molecule covalent modification of C286 at a new interaction site distant from the BH3-binding groove. Our structure-function analyses revealed that the BH3 binding capacity of MCL-1 and its suppression of BAX are impaired by molecular engagement, a phenomenon recapitulated by C286W mutagenic mimicry in vitro and in mouse cells. Thus, we characterize an allosteric mechanism for disrupting the antiapoptotic BH3 binding activity of MCL-1, informing a new strategy for disarming MCL-1 in cancer.
Survey on the HIV infection status and dangerous behavior among drug addicts in in Shuimogou District of Urumqi City

[Objective] To understand the infection status of syphilis,HIV and HCV among drug addicts and their related risk behaviors in Urumqi City[Methods]A serology monitoring was conducted among 252 drug addicts,then the relative behavior questionnaire survey was applied.[Results] The HIV infection rate in 252 drug addicts was 18.7%,and the positive rate of HIV among uighur was higher than any other nation(χ2=10.64,P0.01).The positive rate of HIV drug addicts sharing injection equipment(48.7%)was higher than the drug addicts without injection equipment sharing(14.4%) with significant difference(χ2=23.17,P0.01).[Conclusion]The propaganda and intervention of drug addicts should be strengthened in Shuimogou District,and the spread of AIDS should be controlled.
Moods Are Not Colored Lenses: Perceptualism and the Phenomenology of Moods

Being in a mood—such as an anxious, irritable, depressed, tranquil, or cheerful mood—tends to alter the way we react emotionally to the particular objects we encounter. But how, exactly, do moods alter the way we experience particular objects? Perceptualism, a popular approach to understanding affective experiences, holds that moods function like "colored lenses," altering the way we perceive the evaluative properties of the objects we encounter. In this essay, I offer a phenomenological analysis of the experience of being in a mood that illustrates the limitations of the colored lens metaphor and demonstrates the basic inadequacy of the perceptualist account of moods. I argue that when we are in a mood, it is common to experience a kind of "emotional disconnection" in which we perceive evaluative properties that would normally elicit strong emotional reactions from us, but nonetheless we find that, in our present mood, we remain emotionally numb to these perceptions. Such experiences of "seeing but not feeling" are difficult to understand from within the perceptualist paradigm. Building on the work of Martin Heidegger, I sketch an alternative, phenomenological analysis of moods that can better account for experiences of emotional disconnection. On this alternative account, being in a mood does not merely alter the content of our perceptions but, rather, alters the way we interpret the overall significance of what we perceive, relative to a certain situational context.
Polymer composites-based thermoelectric materials and devices

Abstract Polymer thermoelectric materials have attracted increasing attention and exhibited great potential in green energy conversion due to their inexpensive to process, lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and intrinsic low thermal conductivity in the past decades. Integration of polymers with nanofillers has been one main approach to tailor the thermoelectric properties of polymers, which not only combines the properties of each component but also displays interesting transport phenomenon induced by the interfaces between polymers and nanofillers. In this review, we discussed the thermoelectric properties of polymer composites, especially for the conducting polymer based composites, including polymer/inorganic, polymer/carbon nanofillers, polymer/polymer hybrids. The fabrication and structure-dependent thermoelectric properties were discussed. In addition, polymer composites based thermoelectric devices were also systematically addressed, and potential issues in the devices fabrication were also analyzed. Regarding the future research opportunities, some visionary discussion was also provided.
‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’: examining the illegalization of undocumented students in Toronto, Canada

In 2007, the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) passed the ‘Students Without Legal Immigration Status Policy’, commonly known as the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy. While the policy assured undocum...
Prevalence of Murine Helicobacter spp. Infection Is Reduced by Restocking Research Colonies with Helicobacter-Free Mice

Enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. (EHS) infections are endemic in the majority of research mouse colonies. In 2007, 84% of mice shipped from academic institutions worldwide for embryo transfer (ET) rederivation at our institution were PCR-positive for EHS. H. hepaticus (Hh) was detected in 64% of the mouse shipments either as a monoinfection or in combination with other EHS including H. bilis (Hb), H. rodentium (Hr), H. typhlonicus (Ht), and H. mastomyrinus (Hm).30 Although EHS generally cause subclinical infection in immunocompetent mice, opportunistic infections have the potential to confound experimental data in mouse models.9,17,34 Importantly, chronic EHS infection in immunodeficient and select inbred strains of mice can induce liver10 and lower bowel carcinoma,13 typhlocolitis, and rectal prolapse,16,21,28 and reduce reproductive performance.25 In addition, EHS-induced inflammatory responses may alter host immune responses to unrelated experimental infections (for example, promoting elevated systemic IFNγ responses).3,20 Key challenges to eradication of EHS from rodent colonies are determining infection status, eliminating endemic infections, and instituting management practices that prevent reinfection. EHS are disseminated through fecal–oral transmission within a colony and are transmissible to surveillance mice through dirty-bedding exposure.1,19,24,32 For routine surveillance, PCR assay of feces or cecal mucosal scrapings for genus-specific Helicobacter 16S rRNA genes is the most efficient means of detecting EHS infection, with speciation (if desired) of positive results by culture, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, species-specific PCR, or sequence analysis.34 In 1999, as determined by species-specific PCR assays of cecal scrapings from 59 surveillance mice exposed to dirty bedding from colony mice in 26 rooms representing 4 mouse facilities, EHS were endemic on our campus, with prevalence in surveillance mice of 41% for Hh, 82% for Hr, and 6% for Hb.32 Husbandry practices used to minimize cage-to-cage transmission of EHS included microisolation caging, sanitized forceps to transfer mice, and a cage change order from known Helicobacter-free mice to mice of unknown or known EHS infection status (that is, clean to dirty traffic flow of personnel and equipment).32 Although EHS eradication potentially could be accomplished campus-wide by using labor-intensive antibiotics7,15 and cross-fostering,4,29,31 we hypothesized that a more cost-effective approach, without confounding experimental data, would be to restrict importation of mice to EHS-free sources. Vendors were screened to establish that production colonies were SPF for EHS, and a new requirement was instituted for embryo transfer (ET) rederivation of mice obtained from random sources, typically other academic institutions, replacing traditional quarantine practices. This study used PCR data from 1999 and 2009 to evaluate the success of this approach, which was defined as a marked decrease in the prevalence of EHS infection over time.
Target Tracking using Friendship Paradox

This paper considers the problem of target tracking using a network of social agents (ex. human operators). The target is assumed to evolve according to a finite state random process. A physical sensor, like radar, measures the underlying state of the target in noise, and the social agents form opinions on the state of the target using the information from the physical sensors. A controller aims to track the target by sampling the opinions of the social agents using two different sampling mechanisms: (i) Majority Opinion Sampling, and (ii) Friendship Paradox Sampling. The opinion sampling problem is formulated as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP). Our main results exploit the structure of the observation distributions of the controller, to construct myopic policies that provably upper bound the optimal policy of the sampling POMDP.
Marketing and Marketing Effectiveness Perceptions of Ohio Vocational Education Planning District (VEPD) Superintendents.

The data reported in this article were part of a study to describe Ohio vocational education planning district (VEPD) superintendents' perceptions of their role in the marketing function in their planning districts and their perceptions of VEPD marketing effectiveness for secondary vocational education. Results showed that the majority of VEPD superintendents had positive perceptions of their roles in the VEPD marketing function; however, they were undecided as to their perceptions of how effective their marketing efforts are in regard to customer philosophy, strategic marketing planning, and operational efficiency. A clear understanding of how to develop an educational institution with a strong marketing orientation needs to be addressed through technical assistance, inservice training, and high quality strategic marketing planning materials to promote and improve effectiveness of the marketing initiative.
Predictions of the Energy Dependence of the Average Yield of Neutrons Per Fission of Isotopes of Thorium, Uranium, and Plutonium

A formalism developed in 1963 for predicting the energy dependence of the average neutron yield per fission, ν, is tested against post-1963 experiments. It is shown that the 1963 formalism account...
Retinoblastoma in older patients: A retrospective comparative analysis of 100 consecutive patients based on age.

Abstract Purpose To describe comparative clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of retinoblastoma in patients initially diagnosed at age 4 or older. Methods Retrospective case series. Results There were 101 eyes in 100 consecutive patients age ≥4 years diagnosed with retinoblastoma. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 6.6 years (median 5.3, range 4.0–41.0 years). Tumors were predominantly classified (International Classification of Retinoblastoma) as group D (31%) or E (65%). Patients were divided by age into 3 groups: young (4–6 years [65%]), middle (>6–8 years [23%]), and older (>8 years [12%]). Comparing by age group (young vs. middle vs. older), mean tumor basal diameter (19.9 vs. 17.3 vs. 17.0 mm, p = 0.05) and mean tumor thickness (11.0 vs. 9.4 vs. 7.0 mm, p Conclusion Retinoblastoma in older patients (>8 years) tends to be smaller and more peripherally located, with more subjective presenting symptoms.
Variation in Patient Experience Across the Clinic Day: a Multilevel Assessment of Four Primary Care Practices.

Patient satisfaction with healthcare is associated with clinical outcomes, provider satisfaction, and success of healthcare organizations. As the clinic day progresses, provider fatigue, deterioration with communication within the care team, and appointment spillover may decrease patient experience. To understand the relationship between likelihood to recommend a primary care practice and scheduled appointment time across multiple practice settings. Retrospective cohort. A retrospective cohort was created of all patients seen within four primary care practices between July 1, 2016, and September 30, 2017. We looked at scheduled appointment time against patient likelihood to recommend a practice as a measure of overall patient experience collected routinely for clinical practice improvement by the Press Ganey Medical Practice Survey®. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression models were created to understand the relationship between progressing appointment time on patient likelihood to recommend a practice. We constructed locally weighted smoothing (LOESS) curves to understand how reported patient experience varied over the clinic day. We had a response rate of 14.0% (n = 3172), 80.2% of whom indicated they would recommend our practice to others. Appointment time scheduling during the last hour (4:00–4:59 PM) had a 45% lower odds of recommending our practice when compared to the first clinic hour (adjusted OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.86) which is similar when controlling for patient-reported wait time (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.95). LOESS plots demonstrated declining satisfaction with subsequent appointment times compared with the first session hour, with no effect just after the lunch hour break. In primary care, appointment time of day is associated with patient-reported experience.
Insular Risk Processing Predicts Alcohol Use Via Externalizing Pathway in Male Adolescents.

Objective:Male adolescents exhibit greater impulsivity and externalizing symptomatology relative to female adolescents. Furthermore, externalizing symptomatology has been associated with greater al...
The Role of Empathy in the Relationship Between Social Political Ideology and Sexual Prejudice in Heterosexual College Students in the U.S.

While public acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals and same-sex relations has grown over the past few decades, there is still opposition to LGB civil rights in the U.S. Previous literature has found links between political ideology and sexual prejudice, while empathy has been linked to both political ideology and sexual prejudice. However, no study has examined the interrelationships between these three variables. For this study, an online survey was administered to a diverse sample of college students in exchange for course credit, and those who self-identified as heterosexual were retained for analyses (N = 1143; 66.1% female; 45.5% White). Mediation analyses were performed to examine whether two subfacets of empathy (empathic concern and perspective taking) mediated the relationship between political ideology and sexual prejudice. Due to gender differences in sexual prejudice and empathy, gender was included in the model as a moderator. The results of moderated mediation analyses indicated both empathic concern and perspective taking were mediators for women, while perspective taking was the only mediator for men. These results suggest that interventions for sexual prejudice may be more effective when using approaches that promote taking the perspective of LGB individuals. Specifically, interventions that utilize empathy training or direct contact with LGB individuals may result in a decrease in sexual prejudice.
Ordoliberalism 2.0: Towards a New Regulatory Policy for the Digital Age

In the light of several ongoing antitrust investigations in the E.U. and the U.S., the following research paper analyzes whether ‘big tech’ – same as the big banks – need special regulatory (and economic -political) attention and if so, how an updated form of regulatory policy for the digital era could look like. It does so by utilizing – and reviving – the normative and business -ethical ideals of German ‘neoliberalism’, also known as (classical) ordoliberalism. Especially, Walter Eucken’s work has the potential to inform and enrich the current debate concerning the regulation of big tech. The main goal of the paper is to outline a potentially new regulatory framework – one that combines (and revises) Eucken’s ordoliberalism with the competition policy of the European Union.
Chapter 4 – Growth Hormone

Publisher Summary The human growth hormone (GH) genomic locus spans approximately 66 kb and contains a cluster of five highly conserved genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 17 at bands q22–24. The 5’ to 3’ arrangement of these genes is hGH-N, hCS-L, hCS-A, hGH-V and hCS-B, all of which have the same basic structure consisting of five exons separated by four introns. GH is specifically expressed in the somatotroph cell of the anterior pituitary which develops in a time and space-dependent manner. Somatotrophs, comprising up to 45% of pituitary cells, are located predominantly in the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland which contains a total of 5–15 mg of GH. The GH molecule, a single-chain polypeptide hormone consisting of 191 amino acids, is synthesized, stored, and secreted by somatotroph cells. The crystal structure of human GH reveals four alpha helixes and several structural features confer functional characteristics which determine GH signalling.
Real-time validation of the Sgarbossa and modified Sgarbossa criteria in intermittent left bundle branch block

The modified Sgarbossa criteria have been established to aid in the diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block. Thus far, the sensitivities and specificities of the Sgarbossa signs have only been evaluated retrospectively in cohorts of patients with and without occlusive myocardial infarctions. These statistical analyses were based on correlating ST abnormalities with serum markers of myocardial injury and/or results of emergent cardiac catheterization. We present a patient with acute cardiovascular emergency where electrocardiograms revealed intermittent left bundle branch block. In serial ECGs, highly dynamic ST abnormalities on the narrow QRS beats were associated with similarly dynamic ST changes in the left bundle branch block beats. Our findings provided direct and real-time confirmation of the usefulness of the Sgarbossa and the modified Sgarbossa criteria in the diagnosis of acute ST elevation in patients with left bundle branch block.
Kinetics of All-Dry Free Radical Polymerization under Nanoconfinement

Conformal coating of ultrahigh-aspect-ratio nanostructures with functional polymer thin films is highly desirable in many applications, ranging from biosensing to energy storage. Nevertheless, achi...
Dynamically Adapting Page Migration Policies Based on Applications’ Memory Access Behaviors

There have been numerous studies on heterogeneous memory systems comprised of faster DRAM (e.g., 3D stacked HBM or HMC) and slower non-volatile memories (e.g., PCM, STT-RAM). However, most of these studies focused on static policies for managing data placement and migration among the different memory devices. These policies are based on the average behavior across a range of applications. Results show that these techniques do not always result in higher performance when compared to systems that do not migrate data across the devices: some applications show performance gains, but other applications show performance losses. It is possible to utilize offline analyses to identify which applications benefit from page migration (migration friendly) and use page migration only with those applications. However, we observed that several applications exhibit both migration friendly and migration unfriendly behaviors during different phases of execution supporting a need for adaptive page migration techniques. We introduce and evaluate techniques that dynamically adapt to the behavior of applications and either reduce or increase migrations, or even halt migrations. Our adaptive techniques show performance gains for both migration friendly (on average of 81% over no migrations) and unfriendly workloads (by an average of 3%): it should be remembered that previous migration techniques resulted in performance losses for unfriendly workloads.
Restricted Constrained Delaunay Triangulations

We introduce the restricted constrained Delaunay triangulation (restricted CDT), a generalization of both the restricted Delaunay triangulation and the constrained Delaunay triangulation. The restricted CDT is a triangulation of a surface whose edges include a set of user-specified constraining segments. We define the restricted CDT to be the dual of a restricted Voronoi diagram defined on a surface that we have extended by topological surgery. We prove several properties of restricted CDTs, including sampling conditions under which the restricted CDT contains every constraining segment and is homeomorphic to the underlying surface.
Testicular Pain and Mesenteric Adenitis as an Atypical Presentation of COVID-19

A 21-year-old Caucasian male with no past medical history presented to the emergency department with right lower quadrant pain radiating to the right testicle for two days. He reported an occasional dry cough that day but denied any fever or other infectious symptoms. The patient was afebrile with a normal physical examination. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed prominent right lower quadrant lymphadenopathy. Viral panel for common respiratory pathogens returned negative. A nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 by Xpert R Xpress SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was positive. The patient remained in quarantine for 14 days. He was reevaluated seven weeks later with spontaneous resolution of his abdominal pain and the continued absence of upper respiratory symptoms. A repeat CT scan seven weeks later showed persistent mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Repeat COVID-19 testing was not performed at this time. While the frequency of atypical presentation of COVID-19 remains unknown, healthcare providers must continue to remain vigilant and consider COVID-19 as a differential diagnosis in any patient presenting to the emergency department despite the lack of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Further research is warranted to examine the possibility of asymptomatic spread in asymptomatic patients with persistent radiologic findings and to assess whether repeat COVID-19 testing is warranted in such patients.
Serological surveys to estimate cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults (Sero-MAss study), Massachusetts, July-August 2020: a mail-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives To estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM among Massachusetts residents and to better understand asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the summer of 2020. Design Mail-based cross-sectional survey. Setting Massachusetts, USA. Participants Primary sampling group: sample of undergraduate students at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (n=548) and a member of their household (n=231). Secondary sampling group: sample of graduate students, faculty, librarians and staff (n=214) and one member of their household (n=78). All participants were residents of Massachusetts without prior COVID-19 diagnosis. Primary and secondary outcome measures Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Association of seroprevalence with variables including age, gender, race, geographic region, occupation and symptoms. Results Approximately 27 000 persons were invited via email to assess eligibility. 1001 households were mailed dried blood spot sample kits, 762 returned blood samples for analysis. In the primary sample group, 36 individuals (4.6%) had IgG antibodies detected for an estimated weighted prevalence in this population of 5.3% (95% CI: 3.5 to 8.0). In the secondary sampling group, 10 participants (3.4%) had IgG antibodies detected for an estimated adjusted prevalence of 4.0% (95% CI: 2.2 to 7.4). No samples were IgM positive. No association was found in either group between seropositivity and self-reported work duties or customer-facing hours. In the primary sampling group, self-reported febrile illness since February 2020, male sex and minority race (Black or American Indian/Alaskan Native) were associated with seropositivity. No factors except geographic regions within the state were associated with evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in the secondary sampling group. Conclusions This study fills a critical gap in estimating the levels of subclinical and asymptomatic infection. Estimates can be used to calibrate models estimating levels of population immunity over time, and these data are critical for informing public health interventions and policy.
Targeting immune checkpoints in gynecologic cancer: updates & perspectives for pathologists

Checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of gynecologic cancers, and most often targets the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Pathologists should be familiar with the biomarkers required to determine candidacy for these treatments based on existing FDA approvals, including mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability testing, tumor mutation burden testing, and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. This review summarizes the rationale behind these treatments and their associated biomarkers and delivers guidance on how to utilize and readout these tests. It also introduces additional biomarkers which may provide information regarding immunotherapeutic vulnerability in the future such as neoantigen load; POLE mutation status; and immunohistochemical expression of immunosuppressive checkpoints like LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, and VISTA; immune-activating checkpoints such as CD27, CD40, CD134, and CD137; enzymes such as IDO-1 and adenosine-related compounds; and MHC class I.
Examination of Automobile Rubber Bumper Guards by Synchronous Excitation Spectrofluorometry

Automobile rubber bumper guard material may be of evidentiary value in hit-and-run accident investigations. Fifty-six automobile rubber bumper guard samples were examined by synchronous excitation spectrofluorometry using a dichloromethane solvent. During sample preparation, additional discrimination was possible by observing the relative densities of the different samples in dichloromethane. The 16 samples that were not uniquely distinguished by this combination were further examined by gas-liquid chromatography.
Bibliography of Master's Theses and Doctoral Studies in the Field of Recreation

(1940). Bibliography of Master's Theses and Doctoral Studies in the Field of Recreation. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 150-163.
Cholera: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment

This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of cholera, focusing on the most common and important complication, dehydration; describes the clinical features of patients with cholera; and outlines treatment for patients with this disease. The major effects of V. cholerae O1 infection are to increase active chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen by crypt cells and to decrease villous absorption of sodium chloride. The majority of children with cholera and hypoglycemia have neither frank marasmus nor kwashiorkor and resemble other cholera patients in their general clinical features. Severe dehydration produces such distinctive and pronounced features that cholera is one of the few diseases in adults that can be accurately diagnosed at first sight. The major laboratory abnormalities in patients with cholera are alterations in the concentration of serum electrolytes and creatinine and the effects of hemoconcentration on other blood constituents. Although replacement of fluid lost in cholera stool remains the crucial element of treatment of cholera patients, antimicrobial therapy is an important adjunctive therapy, especially in patients with high purging rates. Antimicrobial therapy of cholera is complicated by the marked increase in multiply antibiotic-resistant strains during the last 20 years. Currently in Bangladesh, more than 90% of V. cholerae O1 isolates are resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. When epidemics occur in rural areas, it is often necessary to establish temporary cholera treatment centers. The supplies required for such temporary facilities are quite straightforward, and the costs not great.
Developments of Forensic Toxicological Analysis of Methamphetamine

From the standpoint of forensic toxicological and criminological examinations, recent analyses of methamphetamine have been reviewed. The literature related to analytical techniques has been divided into two parts. In the first part, attention has been directed to basic and commonly used techniques, including thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and immunoassay. The second part is concerned with practical applications such as examination of enantiomers, illegal drugs, biological samples including hard materials such as hair, nail or bone, and stains of sweat and saliva.
The Object of History

The phrase ‘the object of history’ may mean all sorts of things. In this article, a distinction is made between object1, the object of study for historians, and object2, the goal or purpose of the study of history. Within object2, a distinction is made between a goal intrinsic to the study of history (object2in) and an extrinsic goal (object2ex), the latter being what the study of history should contribute to society (or anything else outside itself). The main point of the article, which is illustrated by a discussion of the work of R. G. Collingwood, E. H. Carr, and G. R. Elton, is that in the work of historians and philosophers of history, these kinds of ‘object of history’ are usually (closely) connected. If they are not, something is wrong. That does not mean, however, that historians or even philosophers of history are always aware of these connections. For that reason, the distinctions made in this article provide a useful analytical tool for historians and theorists of history alike.
Global Environmental Law: Food Safety & China

This Article makes the case for food security law and policy as a component of global environmental law in recognition of the global economy, trade liberalization, and concerns for food safety and environmental harm. It further lays out rule of law as a significant force in mitigating food safety concerns and pollution in China. Part II explores global food safety concerns in the context of U.S.-China relations, while Part III shows how cooperative agreements are emerging in global environmental governance as the U.S. Food & Drug Administration now has an on-the-ground presence in China. Part IV shows how increased rule of law may mitigate environmental harm and food safety concerns in China. The Article concludes by making the case that increased international cooperation on traditionally domestic issues is both likely and desirable, and makes the case for increased rule of law efforts in the developing world.
Longitudinal White Matter Changes after Traumatic Axonal Injury

Abstract Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been useful in showing compromise after traumatic axonal injury (TAI) at the chronic stage; however, white matter (WM) compromise from acute stage of TAI to chronic stage is not yet well understood. This study aims to examine changes in WM integrity following TAI by obtaining DTI, on average, 1 d post injury and again approximately seven months post-injury. Sixteen patients with complicated mild to severe brain injuries consistent with TAI were recruited in the intensive care unit of a Level I trauma center. Thirteen of these patients were studied longitudinally over the course of the first seven months post-injury. The first scan occurred, on average, 1 d after injury and the second an average of seven months post-injury. Ten healthy individuals, similar to the cohort of patients, were recruited as controls. Whole brain WM and voxel-based analyses of DTI data were conducted. DTI metrics of interest included: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial d...
IL-10 and IL-24 expression is regulated by distinct pathways in macrophages and NK cells (CCR5P.252)

Homologous gene in clusters can be coordinately regulated by shared genomic elements to synchronize biologic functions. Within the Il10 locus which includes Il19, Il20 and Il24, only IL-10 and IL-24 are preferentially expressed by Th2 cells. The extent to which IL-24 is regulated in other IL-10-producing cell types and its role in immunity remains unclear. To determine if these genes share regulatory pathways, we examined IL-24 expression in macrophages and NK cells which are key sources of IL-10. In macrophages, maximal LPS-induced IL-24 expression requires IL-4 and Stat6 while IL-10 induction is largely independent of Stat6. Likewise, in NK cells, IL-10 expression is independent of IL-4 but IL-24 is strongly induced by IL-4 in combination with IL-2 and is dependent on Stat6. We identified 4 putative Stat-binding elements in the Il24 gene and found that each site binds IL-4-induced Stat6 in macrophages and NK cells. Interestingly, these sites also bound Stat4 in IL-12-stimulated NK cells but not in macrophages. In NK cells, IL-24 expression required type I IFN signaling regardless of the stimulation while IL-10 expression required type I IFNs only in macrophages. Histone modifications in Il24 were dependent on IL-4/Stat6 in macrophages but not in NK cells. Our results indicate that although IL-10 and IL-24 are co-expressed in macrophages and NK cells, they are governed by distinct signaling pathways suggesting they are unlikely to share genomic regulatory elements.
Trypanosoma congolense: surface glycoproteins of two early bloodstream variants. II. Purification and partial chemical characterization.

Abstract Two sequential variant-specific glycoproteins have been purified from two variants of Trypanosoma congolense expressed during a relapsing infection. Isolation of the two glycoproteins, termed VSG-1 and VSG-2, respectively, employed glycerol lysis followed by purification on concanavalin A, Sephadex G-25, and gradient-eluted DE-52 columns. Partially purified VSG proteins were immunologically cross-reactive, but highly purified VSGs showed no cross-reactivity under the conditions employed. Both VSG-1 and VSG-2 consisted of a triplet of polypeptides. Although each member of a triplet subset could be distinguished by isoelectric focusing, all three gave identical N-terminal amino acid sequences and nearly identical tryptic peptide maps. The members of the VSG-1 polypeptide subset differed from those of the VSG-2 subset both with regard to N-terminal amino acid sequence and in tryptic peptide map patterns. Comparison of N-terminal sequences of VSG-1 and VSG-2 did, however, show that the sequences could be aligned to give a modest degree of amino acid homology (27%). This alignment also produced a minimum in the number of two-base changes, suggesting that the observed homology is not a coincidence and that these two proteins may well have arisen by gene duplication followed by retention of multiple point mutations.