cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A117: Chk1‐dependent up‐regulation of ribonucleotide reductase R2 in response to camptothecin‐induced DNA damage

To investigate drug mechanisms of action and identify molecular targets for the development of rational drug combinations, we are conducting synthetic siRNA‐based RNAi screens to identify genes whose silencing affects anti‐cancer drug responses. One such screen indicated that the silencing of RRM1 and RRM2, which encode the large and small subunits of the human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) complex respectively, markedly enhances the cytotoxicity of the Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitor camptothecin (CPT). Silencing of RRM2 was also found to enhance DNA damage as measured by ‐H2AX. Further studies showed that CPT up‐regulates both RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA and protein levels, and induces the nuclear translocation of RRM2. The Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) was also up‐regulated and activated in response to CPT. CHEK1 down‐regulation by siRNA and small molecule inhibition of Chk1 activity blocked induction of RRM2 by CPT. CHEK1 siRNA also suppressed E2F1 up‐regulation by CPT, and silencing of E2F1 suppressed the up‐regulation of RRM2. Silencing of ATR or ATM, and inhibition of ATM activity by KU‐55933 blocked Chk1 activation and RRM2 up‐regulation. This study links the function of known components of CPT‐induced DNA damage response with proteins required for the synthesis of dNTPs, presumably in preparation for DNA repair. Specifically, we propose that, upon DNA damage, Chk1 activation, mediated by ATM and ATR, regulates RRM2 expression through the E2F1 transcription factor. Up‐regulation in RRM2 levels, coupled with its nuclear recruitment suggests an active role for RNR in the cellular response to CPT‐mediated DNA damage that could potentially be exploited as strategy for enhancing the efficacy of Top 1inhibitors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A117.
The clinical and pathologic features of IgM nephropathy in children

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathologic features and to observe the effectiveness of adrenocortical hormone for IgMN in children.Methods The clinical and pathologic features were observed and effectiveness of adrenocortical hormone was analyzed,as compared with minute change nephritic syndrome(MCNS), diagnosed by renal biopsy in 725 cases of primary glomerular disease.Result Of 61 cases of IgMN, nephritic syndrome (NS) was shown in 49 cases, 8 cases of simple hematuria and 4 cases of hematuria with proteiuria,which was diffusedly deposited in mesenteric area by immunofluorescence (IF). 57 cases were followed up,the hormone sensitive rate being 77.8 % in 45 NS cases,which was lower than that in MCNS(100 %),the rate of RNS being 57.8 %, which was higher than that in MCNS. The total ratio of remission and the ratio of relapse were 76.3 % and 48.3 % respectively.There was no significant difference compared with 94.4 % and 66.7 % in MCNS.In 12 cases of non-NS with hematuria,diffuse thin basement membrane(DTBM) was observed in 4 cases.None of them developed renal failure for the following 3 years.Conclusion In this group the IgMN accounted for 8.4 % of patients in PGD,and the main manifestations of IgMN were NS (80.3 %).The pathologic features of IgMN was that IgMN deposited diffusely in mesenteric area by IF.The clinical and laboratory findings of IgMN were not significantly different from that of MCNS.The effectiveness of adrenocortical hormone for IgMN was less than that for MCNS and partly with DTBM.
Study on Condition of Color Protection in Processing of Canned Chinese Yam

Objective To study the optimal condition of color protection in the processing of canned Chinese yam. Methods The color protection test was conducted with citric acid, vitamin C and CaCl2 as color retention agents. Results The optimal condition of color protection was as follows: 0.5% citric acid, 1.0% vitamin C and 0.25% CaCl2. Conclusion The combination use of three color retention agents can prevent the browning of Chinese yam and improve the quality of canned Chinese yam.
Thomas Pynchon and the American Dream

Ever since Emerson--since long before Emerson actually, but I have to start somewhere, so I start with an open-and-shut case--American writers have struggled to liberate themselves from their Puritan heritage; from the doctrine of predestination, which says that the present and the future are irrevocably determined by the absolute past; and from the doctrine of total depravity, which says that no matter what you do you are sure to do it wrong. As against predestination, the American wants to believe that the present is a time of origination; as against total depravity, that actions proceed from an innocent mind and will. The American dream is a dream of innocence and originality.
Clinical mutational profiling of bone metastases of lung and colon carcinoma and malignant melanoma using next-generation sequencing

BACKGROUND Bone is a common metastatic site for solid tumors and is often the only source for molecular testing. Current routine decalcification protocols for the processing of bone specimens damage nucleic acids, leading to a high failure rate. METHODS In this retrospective quality-assessment analysis, preanalytic factors that contributed to the failure of mutational profiling in metastatic bone specimens were evaluated using a next-generation sequencing assay. RESULTS Mutational profiling was conducted in 33 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone lesions that were submitted to a clinical laboratory. Adequate depth of coverage was obtained in 21 specimens, of which, 16 had mutations detected. “No results” were reported in 12 specimens because the NGS assay failed. There was a significantly higher failure rate in bone specimens compared with nonbone specimens (36% vs 2.3%, respectively). Although nonbone specimens had a higher failure rate in biopsy/fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, in-house bone biopsy/FNA specimens with or without short-duration surface decalcification had a lower failure rate than resected bone specimens (11% vs 60%, respectively). The high failure rate in resected metastatic bone specimens was associated with regular decalcification but not with low DNA input. CONCLUSIONS Next-generation sequencing assays demonstrated clinical utility in metastatic bone specimens. FNA (smear and cell block) and core-biopsy specimens provided adequate resources of nucleic acids for molecular profiling of metastatic bone lesions. The current findings suggest the need for developing specific tissue procurement and processing protocols for bone metastases and greater use of small biopsy and FNA specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:744–53. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Prediction of the lithium ratio in man by means of an in vitro test

The movement of the lithium ion (Li+) across the membrane of intact erythrocytes incubated in vitro was assessed under two different experimental conditions in which such transfer occurred primarily due to the activity of a lithium-sodium countertransport system. The 13 subjects on whom the in vitro procedures were done subsequently received lithium carbonate for 14 to 56 days, and the extent of accumulation of Li+ by erythrocytes in vivo was measured. While both in vitro procedures yielded data that correlated with the extent of accumulation of Li+ by erythrocytes in vivo, a system measuring the efflux of Li+ from Li+-loaded cells produced a much higher correlation (0.976). The magnitude of this correlation suggests that this in vitro system can be used for further investigations into the relevance of the erythrocyte accumulation of Li+ to the pathogenesis and treatment of affective disorders.
Second Order Differential Equations

We begin this chapter with the classic singular perturbation problem $$\varepsilon ^{\prime\prime} + a(x,\varepsilon)y^\prime + b(x,\varepsilon)y = c(x,\varepsilon)y,$$ (3.1) where \( a(x,\varepsilon)>0,\) subject to the boundary conditions \( y(0,\varepsilon)=\alpha(\varepsilon)\,\, \rm{and}\,\, y(1,\varepsilon)=\beta(\varepsilon) \). It will be assumed that \( a(x,\varepsilon), \, b(x,\varepsilon), \, c(x,\varepsilon)\, \epsilon\, {\rm{C}^\infty}\, \left([0,1]\,\times\,[0,\varepsilon_o] \right)\,{\rm{and}}\, \alpha(\varepsilon),\,\beta(\varepsilon)\,\epsilon \, {\rm{C}^\infty} \, \left([0,\varepsilon_o]\right) \,\, {\rm{for\, some}\, \varepsilon_o >\, 0}.\)
Teaching Spaces of Possibility: Cultivating Safe, Relaxed, and Challenging Classrooms

Outlining how I cultivate safe, relaxed and challenging classrooms, I offer some creative and challenging teaching strategies from my gender and sexuality courses. I emphasize teaching spaces of possibility by describing and offering examples of teaching tools I’ve utilized in my classes. Teaching spaces of possibility are moments where a seemingly constraining interaction (such as students resisting a discussion about homophobia) can become teachable moments in which students actually learn something about their own biases and belief systems whilst in a moment of resistance. While teaching spaces of possibility enable me to do a lot of different things with my classroom, these spaces help me navigate student emotions and manage student resistance with more grace and ease that I might otherwise have access to. Finally, I end the paper by reflecting on my teaching tools and discussions for future dialogue.
Hormonal Evaluation and Therapy of Erectile Dysfunction

Significant controversy currently exists regarding the evaluation and treatment of hypogonadism, especially in the setting of erectile dysfunction. Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, but research supporting its role for improving erectile function is less clear. Despite the controversy and limitations in the literature, there is a role for hormonal evaluation in patients with sexual dysfunction and hormone replacement in selected patients with hypogonadism. Most recommendations support screening men with erectile dysfunction for hypogonadism, particularly among those men presenting with any additional hypogonadal symptoms. Men with very low testosterone or younger men may be initially treated with testosterone replacement therapy to improve erectile function. Eugonadal men with erectile dysfunction should not be treated with testosterone.
Less Common Side Effects of Sympathetic Surgery

Because of video-assisted thoracic technology and increased patient awareness of treatment options for palmar hyperhidrosis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) has become a well-accepted treatment for this disorder. Video assistance affords excellent visualization of thoracic anatomy, which allows the procedure to be done quickly with few complications. However, despite the ease of performing ETS, complications can occur unless thoracic anatomy and physiology are well-understood. Awareness of possible intraoperative and postoperative complications is essential if this procedure is gong to be performed safely.
The potential behavioral and economic impacts of widespread HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) use.

Abstract Dyslipidemia is a common pathology throughout the industrialized world, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are often administered to treat elevated lipid levels. Substantial concern has been raised regarding the aggressive clinical lowering of cholesterol, particularly in light of a growing body of research linking low circulating lipid levels with negative behavioral outcomes in both human samples and non-human primate models. In 2009, Goldstein and colleagues tentatively speculated that the greed, impulsiveness, and lack of foresight that lead to the worldwide economic collapse in 2007–2008 could have been caused (in part) by depressed population cholesterol levels resulting from the widespread use of statins by workers in the financial services industry. This paper reviews the literature that links low circulating lipid levels with neurobehavioral dysfunction, develops Goldstein and colleagues’ initial speculation into a formal hypothesis, and proposes several specific studies that could rigorously empirically evaluate this hypothesis.
Benefits of sliceable photonic-based transponders in metro and long-haul networks

In this paper, we analyze benefits of photonic integration-based sliceable transponders (sliceable photonics) compared to discrete optics transponder-based solutions (CFP/CFP2--C form-factor pluggable) in metro and long-haul networks. The metrics considered for comparison include the number of transponders, bandwidth use and power utilization. We assumed an OTN-based network with QPSK and 16QAM modulation schemes for both the scenarios. We observed that sliceable photonics is much more advantageous than discrete transponder optics in both metro and long-haul networks. We also compared the effect of modulation schemes on the efficiency of the network by comparing QPSK and 16QAM in discrete transponder optics and show that 16QAM in discrete transponder optics makes the network more inefficient.
Periodic behavior of a diffusion model over directed graphs

We consider in this paper a discrete-time deterministic m-ary diffusion model over a strongly connected directed graph. The update rule is easy to state: let the vertices of the graph represent the agents and the edges represent the information flow; at every time step, each vertex updates its value to the maximum value held by its incoming neighbors at the last time step. The resulting system, defined over the graph, is a finite state machine, and hence, enters a periodic motion in finite time from any initial condition. We compute in this paper all possible periods of periodic motions of the system. In particular, by relating the periodic motions to directed cycles in the graph, we show that periods are common divisors of the lengths of the cycles, and vice versa.
Should California Secede

This paper discusses the theory and practice of secession in general, then proceeds to discuss the California situation. The author identifies several reasons why secession might be beneficial both to the people of California and the other 49 states.
Catalyst: On Organic Systems Chemistry and Origins Research

Yitzhak Tor is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry and the George W. and Carol A. Lattimer Professor at the University of California, San Diego. He earned his doctorate degree at the Weizmann Institute of Science (1990) and was a postdoctoral fellow at the California Institute of Technology (1990–1993). His research focuses on the chemistry and biology of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids as well as the development of cellular delivery agents and fluorescent nucleoside analogs. He is the editor-in-chief of Perspectives in Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Insights .
Predicting anatomic therapeutic chemical classification codes using tiered learning

The low success rate and high cost of drug discovery requires the development of new paradigms to identify molecules of therapeutic value. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Code System is a World Health Organization (WHO) proposed classification that assigns multi-level codes to compounds based on their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical characteristics as well as the in-vivo sites(s) of activity. The ability to predict ATC codes of compounds can assist in creation of high-quality chemical libraries for drug screening and in applications such as drug repositioning. We propose a machine learning architecture called tiered learning for prediction of ATC codes that relies on the prediction results of the higher levels of the ATC code to simplify the predictions of the lower levels. The proposed approach was validated using a number of compounds in both cross-validation and test setting. The validation experiments compared chemical descriptors, initialization methods and classification algorithms. The prediction accuracy obtained with tiered learning was found to be either comparable or better than that of established methods. Additionally, the experiments demonstrated the generalizability of the tiered learning architecture, in that its use was found to improve prediction rates for a majority of machine learning algorithms when compared to their stand-alone application. The basis of our approach lies in the observation that anatomical-therapeutic biological activity of certain types typically precludes activities of many other types. Thus, there exists a characteristic distribution of the ATC codes, which can be leveraged to limit the search-space of possible codes that can be ascribed at a particular level once the codes at the preceding levels are known. Tiered learning utilizes this observation to constrain the learning space for ATC codes at a particular level based on the ATC code at higher levels. This simplifies the prediction and allows for improved accuracy.
Proton Radiation Studies on Conjugated Polymer Thin Films

Polymeric thin film based electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices are attractive for potential space and certain radiation related applications due to their inherent features such as being light weight, flexible, biocompatible and environmental friendly, etc. Proton radiation is a major form of ionizing radiation in space, yet very few literature and data are available on proton radiation effects on conjugated polymer systems. In this study, UV-Vis absorption spectra of several conjugated polymers and/or their composite thin films were measured and compared right before and after a 200 MeV proton beam irradiation at different dosages, and the results revealed that proton radiation has very little or negligible impact up to 800 Rads on the optoelectronic properties of several polymers and their composite thin films.
An empirical study of activity, popularity, size, testing, and stability in continuous integration

A good understanding of the practices followed by software development projects can positively impact their success --- particularly for attracting talent and on-boarding new members. In this paper, we perform a cluster analysis to classify software projects that follow continuous integration in terms of their activity, popularity, size, testing, and stability. Based on this analysis, we identify and discuss four different groups of repositories that have distinct characteristics that separates them from the other groups. With this new understanding, we encourage open source projects to acknowledge and advertise their preferences according to these defining characteristics, so that they can recruit developers who share similar values.
Key challenges and future directions for educational research on scientific argumentation

At the 2015 NARST: A Worldwide Organization for Improving Science Teaching and Learning Through Research Annual International Conference, a group of scholars held an extended pre-conference workshop to discuss key challenges and future directions faced by argumentation researchers around the world. This wide-ranging group of facilitators and participants represented varying perspectives and experiences with argumentation research. Learning artifacts from the workshop were collected and analyzed utilizing multiple qualitative coding techniques. Analysis of these artifacts revealed five major themes that emerged from the NARST workshop describing this group of scholars’ views on current issues and potential directions for the field of argumentation research. These themes center on: (i) establishing a classroom culture that values argumentation; (ii) how differing theoretical frameworks challenge how researchers communicate findings; (iii) the challenge of assessing various aspects of scientific argumentation in a valid and reliable fashion; (iv) pedagogical challenges in supporting student discourse and social collaboration; and (v) challenges concerning the professional development of teachers. Each of these themes is described using direct quotes from the workshop artifacts, and implications for future research in argumentation are discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 55: 5–18, 2018
Relationship of Aortic Wall Distensibility to Mitral and Aortic Valve Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Data are limited on whether valvular calcification is associated with aortic wall stiffness. We tested whether aortic valve calcification (AVC) and/or mitral valve calcification (MVC) is inversely associated with aortic distensibility (AD). Cross-sectional study conducted in a subset of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) included 3676 MESA participants aged 44 to 84 years with AD measured with magnetic resonance imaging and with AVC and MVC measured with noncontrast cardiac computed tomography scans. Both AVC and MVC were divided into 3 categories: zero, < median values (low), and ≥ median values (high) for patients with nonzero values. Overall, 88% (n = 3256) and 92% (n = 3365) of participants had zero AVC and MVC, while 6% (n = 211) and 4% (n = 156) had low, and 6% (n = 209) and 4% (n = 155) had high values of AVC and MVC, respectively. The AVC was independently associated with AD after adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity ( P = .035). No association was noted between AVC groups and AD after adjustment for all covariates or MVC groups and AD in any model.
Neuroinflammation, depression and Alzheimer’s disease: Insights from the Kynurenine pathway

Background Depressive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) predict worse cognitive and neural outcomes. Neuroinflammation activates the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), leading to increased kynurenine (Kyn) production and neurotoxic metabolites instead of serotonin (5-HT), which may affect brain structure and function in depression and AD. The neural and cognitive correlates of Kyn overproduction remain unknown in subjects across the AD spectrum. We determined if an imbalance in Kyn/5-HT correlated with AD neuropathology and depressive symptoms. Methods In 643 Caucasian participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), a CSF Kyn/5-HT ratio was regressed on behavioral, neural, and immunologic outcomes, as well as CSF amyloid and tau which are AD hallmarks. Voxel-wise analyses gauged regional associations with brain volume and Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET), which reflects glucose metabolism. Results Higher Kyn/5-HT significantly predicted worse scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (R2 = 0.667), worse factor scores for verbal memory (R2 = 0.368) and executive function (R2 = 0.428), more amyloid (R2 = 0.703) and tau (R2 = 0.441) deposition, and higher CSF cytokine levels for IL-1 receptor (R2 = 0.546), IL-12 (R2 = 0.702), and IL-18 (R2 = 0.535). These cytokines fully mediated Kyn/5-HT and affect associations. Higher Kyn/5-HT predicted less grey matter and glucose metabolism in the hippocampus, precuneus, and prefrontal cortex, areas affected in depression and AD. Discussion These findings suggest that aberrant Kyn metabolism, perhaps due to neuroinflammation, may be related to AD-like neuropathology and depressive symptoms.
Gastritis and Gastropathies of Childhood

The anatomic zones of the adult stomach (Owen 2007) also apply to that of the child. The cardia is defined by mucosal type, comprised of neutral mucin-producing epithelium and underlying glands. Parietal cells are occasionally present and chief cells are not. The cardia, bound by the peritoneal reflection and the top of the gastric rugal folds, is about 1–4 mm long in the child. The origin and nature of the epithelium in the cardia is controversial. Some suggest the cardia is reactive mucosa, responding to reflux and not part of normal development (Oberg et al. 1997; Chandrasoma et al. 2000). Others confirm its normal existence (Kilgore et al. 2000; Zhou et al. 2001; De Hertogh et al. 2003; Odze 2005).
Intermittent Exotropia: Surgical Results in Different Age Groups

The surgical results of 111 consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia treated via bilateral rectus muscle recession and having at least 2 years of follow-up are reviewed. These data are analyzed from a standpoint of three age groups at the time of surgery: younger than 3 years (41 patients), 3 years to younger than 6 years (42 patients), and 6 years to younger than 17 years (28 patients). The initial surgical results for all ages were as follows: 56% satisfactory, 38% undercorrected, and 6% overcorrected. After appropriate management (which was almost always surgical) in those patients initially either undercorrected or overcorrected, a satisfactory result was obtained in 95% of all patients comprising this series.
Molecular cloud chemistry — the abundant elements in grains

Present evidence for where and in what forms the abundant elements O, C, N, Si, Mg, Fe, and S occur in molecular clouds is reviewed. Studies of both gas and dust show that most of the elements, with the probable exception of N, are far below cosmic abundances in the gas and must be sequestered in dust. This can strongly affect molecular cloud chemistry, especially in active regions. Most of the Si, Mg, and Fe appear to be in refractory minerals, perhaps mainly as oxides. Oxygen and carbon exist in both refractory compounds and volatile ices. Several lines of evidence point to complex, solid carbon compounds in the dust, but they are still incompletely specified. Significant fraction of O and C in molecular clouds are still unaccounted for.
TRANSCRIPTION OF YEAST MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

ABSTRACT Yeast mtRNA was analyzed by means of 6M ureaagarose, 6M ureaacrylamide, and 10 mM methyl mercuric hydroxide-agarose gels, and RNA was transferred from gels to diazebenzyloxymethyl paper for subsequent hybridization to labeled DNA. In grande yeast, more than forty different species of RNA, ranging from 200 to 9500 nucleotides, were identified, including 11 species larger than 21S rRNA. Petites contain many of these RNA species, making deletion mapping possible. Processed tRNA, however, is identified only in petites that contain a region of the genome near P. Petites were thus used not only for deletion mapping of mitochondrial RNA species, but also for identification of different types of mtRNA processing. Hybridization studies on RNA from petite Fll appear to identify precursors to 21S rRNA. Overall, the number and size of these mitochondrial transcripts imply the existence of large precursor molecules which are subsequently processed by cleavage to a mature form. The promoter function of yeast mtDNA has been examined by analysis of a mitochondrial transcription complex, and by the use of purified yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The transcription complex primarily synthesizes RNA from the same regions and from the same strand that encodes the in vivo rRNA's. Since the 21S and 14S rRNA genes are widely separated, transcription must occur from at least two promoters. When template-dependent RNA polymerase was isolated either from the transcription complex or from soluble protein fractions, we found that the two enzyme fractions expressed similar properties. The soluble polymerase has been extensively purified by a variety of chromatographic techniques; this purified enzyme is associated with a 45,000 D peptide. Prior to a final glycerol gradient centrifugation, a 65,000 D peptide is associated with the enzyme activity in a molar ratio. The enzyme from the glycerol gradient was found to be extremely labile. In further experiments, antibodies to the 45,000 D band precipitated that peptide and inhibited RNA polymerase activity. Promoter function and mapping have been studied by means of transcription in vitro of mtDNA as well as binding of the purified RNA polymerase to restriction fragments. The results show the purified RNA polymerase binds to and transcribes mitochondrial DNA in a non-random fashion.
Dried bonito dashi: Contributions of mineral salts and organic acids to the taste of dashi

Dried bonito dashi is often used in Japanese cuisine with a number of documented positive health effects. Its major taste is thought to be umami, elicited by inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and L-amino acids. Previously we found that lactic acid, a major component of dried bonito dashi, enhanced the contribution of many of these amino acids to the taste of dried bonito dashi, and reduced the contribution of other amino acids. In addition to amino acids, dried bonito dashi also has a significant mineral salt component. The present study used conditioned taste aversion methods with mice (all had compromised olfactory systems) to compare the taste qualities of dried bonito dashi with four salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2), with and without lactic acid or citric acid. A conditioned taste aversion to 25% dried bonitio dashi generalized significantly to NaCl and KCl, with or without 0.9% lactic acid added but not when citric acid was added. Generalization of the CTA to dried bonito dashi was much stronger to the divalent salts, but when either lactic acid or citric acid was added, this aversion was eliminated. These results suggest that these salts contribute to the complex taste of dried bonito dashi and that both organic acids appear able to modify the tastes of divalent salts.
THE ENDING OF THE PRE-MARKAN PASSION NARRATIVE

This article argues that the pre-Markan passion narrative ended with a starkly unadorned account of the empty tomb, an account which raises as many questions about Jesus’s fate as it does answers. Employing tradition and redaction criticism, I reveal that the pre-Markan empty tomb account contained no mention of an angel, Jesus’s resurrection, or Galilean appearances. Rather, it straightforwardly de-scribed the women’s coming to the tomb, finding the tomb empty, and fleeing from the tomb in terror and silence. The logic of the pre-Markan ending discloses that the women fled because they naturally assumed grave robbery and feared being implicated in this capital crime. Throughout this article, I interact with the views of Sakkie Spangenberg, Hansie Wolmarans, Andries van Aarde and Julian Muller, four prominent South African scholars who have commented on the empty tomb narrative.
Dissemination, access, preservation: a case study of publications from the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative.

AbstractThe Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative, administered by USDA-NIFA, is the major federal funder of organic agricultural research. Analysis of 733 publications produced dur...
Association of Oral Human Papillomavirus DNA Persistence With Cancer Progression After Primary Treatment for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance Detection of persistent oral human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA may be associated with recurrence of HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Objective To evaluate the dynamics of oral HPV DNA detection and associations with disease outcomes in patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, 2-institution, tertiary referral center study of 396 patients with newly diagnosed oral cavity or oropharyngeal HNSCC was performed from July 11, 2011, to May 7, 2016. Oral rinse samples were prospectively collected at diagnosis and at completion of primary therapy. Weekly oral rinse samples were collected during radiotherapy. Purified tumor and oral rinse sample DNA were evaluated for 37 HPV types, and viral load was quantified by type-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cancers were stratified by tumor HPV status, and HPV was classified as tumor type if identical to that detected in the tumor or nontumor type. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of HPV DNA before, during, and after therapy. Associations between tumor-type and nontumor-type oral HPV DNA detection and recurrence-free and overall survival were evaluated. Results Of the 396 patients (median age, 59 years [range, 19-96 years]; 295 [74.5%] men; and 354 [89.4%] white race/ethnicity), 217 had oropharyngeal cancer; 170, oral cavity cancer; and 9, unknown primary HNSCC. The prevalence of oral HPV detection at diagnosis was higher among patients with HPV-positive compared with HPV-negative HNSCC (24 of 194 [84.2%] vs 170 of 202 [12.4%];P Conclusions and Relevance Prevalence and viral load of tumor-type HPV DNA decreased rapidly with therapy, and persistent detection was associated with increased risk of recurrence and death. Analysis of tumor type HPV DNA has considerable promise as a biomarker for treatment response and risk of progression.
Low caloric intake and high fluid intake during the first week of life are associated with the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants.

OBJECTIVE To study whether there is an association between nutritional intake during the first week of life and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, medical records of all ELBW infants admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (2010-2017) were reviewed for infants' demographics, clinical characteristics, nutritional intake during their first week of life, and BPD risk factors. RESULTS During the study period 226 infants were identified of whom 67% (151/226) had moderate-severe BPD and the rest served as controls. Overall infants with moderate-severe BPD were younger, smaller, and spent more time on mechanical ventilation than their controls [(mean±standard deviation) 24.7±1.7 vs. 26.8±2.0 weeks gestational age (p < 0.001); 678±154 vs. 837±129 grams (p < 0.001); and 37.9±23.6 vs. 13.7±15.3 days (p < 0.001) respectively]. During the first week of life, the average caloric, carbohydrate, protein and lipid intakes were significantly lower, and the average fluid intake was significantly higher in the moderate-severe BPD than the control group. After adjustment for confounders, fluid intake, and days on mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with moderate-severe BPD with an odds ratio [OR (95% confidence interval)] of 1.03 (1.01-1.04), and 1.05 (1.03-1.07) respectively. Daily caloric intake was associated with an increased risk for moderate-severe BPD [OR: 0.94 (0.91-0.97)]. CONCLUSION Low caloric intake, and high fluid intake during the first week of life are associated with the severity of BPD in ELBW infants.
Leveraging Bayesian analysis to improve accuracy of approximate models

Abstract We focus on improving the accuracy of an approximate model of a multiscale dynamical system that uses a set of parameter-dependent terms to account for the effects of unresolved or neglected dynamics on resolved scales. We start by considering various methods of calibrating and analyzing such a model given a few well-resolved simulations. After presenting results for various point estimates and discussing some of their shortcomings, we demonstrate (a) the potential of hierarchical Bayesian analysis to uncover previously unanticipated physical dependencies in the approximate model, and (b) how such insights can then be used to improve the model. In effect parametric dependencies found from the Bayesian analysis are used to improve structural aspects of the model. While we choose to illustrate the procedure in the context of a closure model for buoyancy-driven, variable-density turbulence, the statistical nature of the approach makes it more generally applicable. Towards addressing issues of increased computational cost associated with the procedure, we demonstrate the use of a neural network based surrogate in accelerating the posterior sampling process and point to recent developments in variational inference as an alternative methodology for greatly mitigating such costs. We conclude by suggesting that modern validation and uncertainty quantification techniques such as the ones we consider have a valuable role to play in the development and improvement of approximate models.
Measuring Protein in Frozen Dairy Desserts by Dye Binding.

The protein content of 24 samples of vanilla ice cream, ice milk and related frozen dairy desserts was determined by the Kjeldahl method and Acid Orange 12 dye binding method. Statistical analysis showed the correlation between the two methods was highly significant. Excepting two samples, the Kjeldahl protein results based on total nitrogen consistently gave higher protein values than dye binding, the difference averaging +.11%. When the Kjeldahl protein results were corrected for the non-protein nitrogen present, the resulting protein values averaged .20% lower than the dye binding values. These results indicate that the dye binding method is sufficiently accurate for monitoring protein concentration in the frozen dairy desserts studied.
CA 15-3 elevation in U.S. women without breast cancer.

e13609Background: Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is an epitope of Mucin 1 transmembrane glycoprotein, used to monitor response to therapy in metastatic breast cancer. Elevated CA 15-3 levels have be...
A simpler approach to meter-scale and durable all-dielectric meta-optics

We present an alternative approach to dielectric meta-surfaces based on resonant elements which has far less limitations on scalability and durability. The process is based on laser raster-scan of a thin metal film on a glass, followed by dry-etching and removal of the metal mask. Since the air-glass volumetric ratio mixing approach is limited by the depth of the layer, we have developed approaches to “boost” the attainable phase response, to be discussed here.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 deficiency in hepatocytes does not protect from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but attenuates insulin resistance in mice.

Background End-stage liver disease caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the second leading indication for liver transplantation. To date, only moderately effective pharmacotherapies exist to treat NASH. Understanding the pathogenesis of NASH is therefore crucial for the development of new therapies. The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is important for the progression of liver disease. TNF signaling via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) has been hypothesized to be important for the development of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma in whole-body knockout animal models. Aim To investigate the role of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes for steatohepatitis development in a mouse model of diet-induced NASH. Methods NASH was induced by a western-style fast-food diet in mice deficient for TNFR1 in hepatocytes (TNFR1ΔHEP) and their wild-type littermates (TNFR1fl/fl). Glucose tolerance was assessed after 18 wk and insulin resistance after 19 wk of feeding. After 20 wk mice were assessed for features of NASH and the metabolic syndrome such as liver weight, liver steatosis, liver fibrosis and markers of liver inflammation. Results Obesity, liver injury, inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis was not different between TNFR1ΔHEP and TNFR1fl/fl mice. However, Tnfr1 deficiency in hepatocytes protected against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Conclusion Our results indicate that deficiency of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes does not protect from diet-induced NASH. However, improved insulin resistance in this model strengthens the role of the liver in glucose homeostasis.
Series Compensated Transmission Line Parameter Estimation Based on Kalman Filter

In power systems, accurate transmission line parameters are critical as line parameters are essential inputs to various power system applications. Thus accurate line parameter estimation methods are required. In this paper, new Kalman filter based methods are proposed to estimate line parameters for long transmission lines with different line configurations while considering the effect of measurement noises. Simulations have been completed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
Information Dissemination and Interactions in Higher Education Social Media Posts

The purpose of this study is the analyze patterns of information dissemination by U.S.-based universities on Facebook and the possible effect of these patterns on the number and types of interactio...
‘No Afghan Refugees in India’: Refugees and Cold War Politics in the 1980s

This article locates the Government of India’s refusal to grant refugee status to Afghans in Delhi in the aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 within the Cold War politics of the...
Jean-luc Nancy And the Future of Philosophy

Abbreviations Preface 1. Introduction 2. Nancy's Influences 3. Immanentism 4. Libertarianism 5. Post-Secular Theology 6. Communitarianism 7. Social Contractarianism 8. Ecotechnics Conclusion The Future as Openness to Uncertainty Interview: The Future of Philosophy Glossary Notes Bibliography
Public Projects (Benefit–Cost Analysis)

The material in this section is by its nature political. The emphasis will be on benefit–cost (B/C) analysis of government activities, or more specifically of projects. Arnn (2012) is particularly relevant to this material. This section begins with a philosophical discussion and ends with a mathematical example.
Progesterone receptors of chick oviduct. Steroid-binding "subunit" formed with divalent cations.

Abstract In the presence of several divalent cations, progesterone receptors of estrogen-treated chick oviducts release a "sub-unit" characterized by a sedimentation coefficient of 2.6 S, Stokes radius of 21 A, and apparent molecular weight of about 20,000. Charcoal-dextran assay of bound steroid reveals the same order of affinities for the "subunit" as for intact receptors: progesterone (Kd ≃ 4 x 10-10 m) g deoxycorticosterone g testosterone g corticosterone g 17β-estradiol g cortisol. Among the cations tested, the order of effectiveness for "subunit" formation is Ca2+ g Mn2+ ≃ Sr2+ g Ba2+. Mg2+ is ineffective. "Subunit" can be obtained by CaCl2 treatment of receptors partially purified by density gradient centrifugation (4 and 5 S components), isoelectric focusing, or polycation precipitation. "Subunit" is formed in the presence or absence of steroid or of diisopropylfluorophosphate, a protease inhibitor. These observations and the results of preliminary studies of 45Ca2+-binding are consistent with a direct interaction of Ca2+ and similar ions with a component of the receptor complex.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Is a Safe and Effective Alternative to Thoracotomy for Anatomical Segmentectomy in Patients With Clinical Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background There is rising interest among thoracic surgeons in anatomical segmental resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the current study we compared video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy approaches for segmentectomy to explore the safety and oncologic efficacy of VATS for stage I NSCLC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent segmentectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC from 2000 to 2013. Perioperative and oncologic outcomes were evaluated. The probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results We identified 193 segmentectomies, including 91 (47%) performed by VATS and 102 (53%) performed by thoracotomy. Patients who underwent VATS, although older (median age 72 versus 68 years; p = 0.016), had similar sex distribution (63% versus 61% women; p = 0.792) and similar clinical stages as the thoracotomy group (stage IA: VATS, 93.4% versus thoracotomy 87.3%; p = 0.152). No significant differences were found in the final pathologic stages ( p = 0.439), total number of lymph nodes (LNs) sampled (7 versus 8; p = 0.104), or median number of mediastinal LN stations sampled (2 versus 2; p = 0.234). VATS was associated with decreased length of stay (4 versus 5 days; p = 0.001) and decreased pulmonary complications (13.2% versus 26.5%; p = 0.022). Five-year DFS and OS favored VATS over thoracotomy (58% versus 47%; p = 0.013 and 75% versus 62%; p = 0.017, respectively). By multivariable analysis, the only predictor of poor DFS or OS was larger tumor size. Conclusions VATS segmentectomy is a safe and oncologically effective technique for the treatment of stage I NSCLC. Patients who underwent VATS had a shorter length of stay, fewer pulmonary complications, equivalent lymphadenectomy results, and similar oncologic outcomes compared with patients undergoing thoracotomy.
A Review of Gulf of Mexico Marine Protected Areas

Abstract Commercial and recreational fishers in the Gulf of Mexico routinely express in public testimony their concern over the number of fishery regulations in general, and the prospect of having closed areas that affect their opportunities to fish. Of the 16 closed areas, or marine protected areas, in the Gulf that restrict shrimp and reef-fish fishing, most have not provided anticipated protection for exploited species. The unintended consequences in several cases affect other fisheries or endangered species by shifting fishing effort and thus increasing the vulnerability of additional populations. Three areas are so new that few data are available to demonstrate their effectiveness, although preliminary data are promising. The main problems hindering the effectiveness of Gulf closed areas are ill-conceived development, lack of performance monitoring, and inadequate enforcement. We suggest that well-designed Gulf closed areas be created to address fishing gear impacts on habitat, provide an area free o...
A flipped CS0 classroom: applying Bloom's taxonomy to algorithmic thinking

The "flipped classroom" has been gaining popularity over the last few years, especially in K-12 education. The flipped approach offloads passive lecture content to homework outside the classroom, creating additional time in the classroom for active learning. This paper describes how this approach was implemented in an introductory Computer Science undergraduate course in algorithmic thinking at a four-year college in a small classroom. It examines content that is appropriate for learning at the student's individual pace outside the classroom. It then focuses on active learning exercises in algorithmic thinking that correspond to the higher levels of learning (applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating, as enumerated in the revised Bloom's Taxonomy [5]). This approach showed that the instructor's role as a guide in the classroom, rather than a lecturer, allowed students to learn actively and build confidence. It also provided one-on-one support and motivation for students, who learnt from their peers as well as from the teacher. Student reaction to this new classroom pedagogy was overwhelmingly positive. These advantages can help address problems with retention of students in the introductory programming courses in the Computer Science major. From the instructor's perspective, when initiating the flipped classroom, a phased approach is recommended as significant additional preparation is required.
Towards overcoming the knowledge acquisition bottleneck in answer set prolog applications: embracing natural language inputs

Answer set Prolog, or AnsProlog in short, is one of the leading knowledge representation (KR) languages with a large body of theoretical and building block results, several implementations and reasoning and declarative problem solving applications. But it shares the problem associated with knowledge acquisition with all other KR languages; most knowledge is entered manually by people and that is a bottleneck. Recent advances in natural language processing have led to some systems that convert natural language sentences to a logical form. Although these systems are in their infancy, they suggest a direction to overcome the above mentioned knowledge acquisition bottleneck. In this paper we discuss some recent work by us on developing applications that process logical forms of natural language text and use the processed result together with AnsProlog rules to do reasoning and problem solving.
A new design of reconfigurable slot-ring antenna using PIN diodes

A novel design of frequency reconfigurable slot-ring antenna is proposed. The reconfigurability is achieved by using PIN diode switches across each slot. Two operating states are defined based on different states of the switches (ON or OFF). Separate microstrip feed lines are used to excite the antenna at lower (2.23GHz) and higher (6.81 GHz) frequency bands and two via holes are etched away near the center of each slot for biasing purposes. Numerical simulations using HFSS show that the bandwidth of the antenna is 10.2% and 9.1% in lower and higher frequency bands, respectively, and the antenna efficiency is more than 91% at both bands.