cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Campylobacter jejuni NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex I) Utilizes Flavodoxin Rather than NADH

Campylobacter jejuni encodes 12 of the 14 subunits that make up the respiratory enzyme NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (also called complex I). The two nuo genes not present in C. jejuni encode the NADH dehydrogenase, and in their place in the operon are the novel genes designated Cj1575c and Cj1574c. A series of mutants was generated in which each of the 12 nuo genes (homologues to known complex I subunits) was disrupted or deleted. Each of the nuo mutants will not grow in amino acid-based medium unless supplemented with an alternative respiratory substrate such as formate. Unlike the nuo genes, Cj1574c is an essential gene and could not be disrupted unless an intact copy of the gene was provided at an unrelated site on the chromosome. A nuo deletion mutant can efficiently respire formate but is deficient in α-ketoglutarate respiratory activity compared to the wild type. In C. jejuni, α-ketoglutarate respiration is mediated by the enzyme 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductase; mutagenesis of this enzyme abolishes α-ketoglutarate-dependent O2 uptake and fails to reduce the electron transport chain. The electron acceptor for 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductase was determined to be flavodoxin, which was also determined to be an essential protein in C. jejuni. A model is presented in which CJ1574 mediates electron flow into the respiratory transport chain from reduced flavodoxin and through complex I.
Affine invariant detection of periodic motion

Current approaches for detecting periodic motion assume a stationary camera and place limits on an object's motion. These approaches rely on the assumption that a periodic motion projects to a set of periodic image curves, an assumption that fails in general. Using affine-invariance, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for an image sequence to be the projection of a periodic motion. No restrictions are placed on either the motion of the camera or the object. Our algorithm is shown to be provably-correct for noise-free data and is easily extended to be robust with respect to occlusions and noise. The extended algorithm is evaluated with real and synthetic image sequences. >
Deterrence and the Celerity of the Death Penalty: A Neglected Question in Deterrence Research

This paper examines the deterrent effect of the celerity of the death penalty on homicide rates. Although in recent years there have been a number of investigations of the certainty of execution and deterrence, the effect of celerity of execution has not been examined empirically. As a result, we can only speculate about the merit of the deterrence hypothesis for the celerity of executions, and how previous deterrence and death penalty investigations may be biased due to celerity being ignored. The deterrent effect of the certainty and celerity of the death penalty on homicide rates is examined cross-sectionally for states. Multiple measures of execution and homicide rates are considered, along with various sociodemographic variables in investigating the possible spuriousness of the findings. Analysis consistently fails to provide support for the deterrence argument for the certainty and celerity of executions. Rather, the results fall well within the pattern of negative findings of over five decades of deterrence and death penalty research in the United States.
THE ALPHA PERCENTAGE AND EXPERIMENTWISE ERROR RATES IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

Experimentwise error rates of the type proposed by Ryan (1959) are discussed and contrasted with anew measure of the likelihood that the results of a series of significance tests are Type I errors. This new measure, the Alpha Percentage (a%), shares the advantages of experimentwise error rates over individual alpha levels in reducing Type I errors in communication research, but the Alpha Percentage has much greater power than currently used experimentwise error rates to detect significant effects. Four arguments against the use of experimentwise error procedures are discussed and EW, EP, and a% rates are reported for Communication Monographs and Human Communication Research.
Contributions of Functional Neuroimaging to the Study of Social Cognition

Increasingly, researchers have been applying the methods of cognitive neuroscience—especially functional neuroimaging—to address questions about how humans make inferences about the mental states of others. At the same time, a number of critics have warned against the use of these new techniques by suggesting that functional neuroimaging has been unable to provide novel insights into the nature of social cognition. Addressing these critiques, this article briefly describes some of the ways in which functional neuroimaging has indeed redirected the study of the social mind, reviewing not only the novel data these techniques have provided but also the ways in which cognitive neuroscience has prompted researchers to consider entirely new questions about the organization of human social cognition. Such questions include whether or not there are cognitive processes dedicated for social thought; what the constituent parts of our social-cognitive system might be; how social cognition overlaps with other mental p...
Effect of high pressure on the crystal structures of lanthanide trialuminides

Abstract The effect of high pressure on the crystal structures of LnAl 3 (Ln = Lanthanide) compounds has been determined by exposing LnAl 3 compounds or stoichiometric mixtures of the elements, to high-pressure and high-temperature conditions in a tetrahedral-anvil apparatus. In accordance with considerations of relative compressibilities, the application of high pressure tends to make the lower-atomic-weight lanthanides behave more like those of higher atomic weight. Thus, high-pressure-induced polymorphic changes were in the direction of structures with increased cubic character. Polymorphs or compounds first reported in this paper are BaPb 3 -type GdAl 3 , HoAl 3 -type TbAl 3 and Cu 3 Au-type LuAl 3 . The first two are hexagonal with lattice parameters α = 6.231, c = 21.173 A , and α = 6.095, c = 35.96 A , respectively. The third compound is cubic, with lattice parameter α = 4.186 A .
Ranching the View: Subdivisions versus Agriculture

Wuerthner ( 1994) recently contrasted the environmental effects of agriculture and rural subdivisions and concluded that "Agriculture-both livestock production and farming-rather than being compatible with environmental protection has had a far greater impact on the western landscape than all the subdivisions, malls, highways, and urban centers combined." We suggest, however, that subdivisions can have profound impacts on the biodiversity of rural areas, particularly when they are adjacent to protected natural areas. In addition, we submit that much of the information required to evaluate the relationships between biodiversity and land-use patterns associated with agriculture and rural housing developments is still lacking. One of us recently completed a study of private landuse change in the Colorado mountains (Riebsame et al. 1994). The region's physical and political landscape limits private lands mostly to valley-bottom corridors that separate blocks of federal lands, including wilderness units. An assessment of the private-land corridors revealed repetitive patterns of land subdivision with negative ecological implications. Dense development (commercial strips, condominiums, and infrastructure) tended to encroach on riparian areas. Dispersed residential development occurred across valley bottoms and slopes, especially riparian areas, at forest edges (such as attractive building sites in aspen groves), and in the interior of coniferous forests (such as subdivisions carved from lodgepole pine [Pinus contorta] forests). Most of this dispersed development was not contiguous with existing town sites and other previous developments. A detailed mapping of subdivisions and roads in the East River Valley (from above Gunnison to Crested Butte, Colorado) showed that meadow, grassland, riparian, and sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) plant communities
Why be Rational

Reason requires that we do what is appropriate in matters of belief,evaluation, and action — that we use our intelligence to figure out the proper thing to do and then do it. But why should we do what reason demands? Why heed the demands of reason?
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits the PARsylation Activity of Tankyrase—A Potential Strategy for Suppression of the Wnt Pathway

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was reported to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Induction of Axin1, the negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, has been reported as an important mechanism for inhibition of β-catenin. Since Tankyrase (TNKS) negatively regulates Axin1, we investigated the effect of HCMV on TNKS expression and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARsylation) activity, during virus replication. Starting at 24 h post infection, HCMV stabilized the expression of TNKS and reduced its PARsylation activity, resulting in accumulation of Axin1 and reduction in its PARsylation as well. General PARsylation was not changed in HCMV-infected cells, suggesting specific inhibition of TNKS PARsylation. Similarly, treatment with XAV939, a chemical inhibitor of TNKS’ activity, resulted in the accumulation of TNKS in both non-infected and HCMV-infected cell lines. Reduction of TNKS activity or knockdown of TNKS was beneficial for HCMV, evidenced by its improved growth in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HCMV modulates the activity of TNKS to induce Axin1, resulting in inhibition of the β-catenin pathway. Since HCMV replication is facilitated by TNKS knockdown or inhibition of its activity, TNKS may serve as an important virus target for control of a variety of cellular processes.
The Impact of the Great Migration on Chicago Politics: Examining Mayoral Candidates’ Interaction with the Black Electorate from 1915-1971.

During the post-war period, more than six and a half million Black Americans left the South in search of economic opportunity and freedom from racial subjugation. Their movement, also known as the Great Migration, had a profound impact on American politics. However, few works focus on the specific impact of the migration on politics at the local level. I use historical analysis of Chicago newspapers and review secondary literature to describe how the migration influenced local party politics in Chicago from 1915-1971. I argue that the Great Migration fundamentally altered Chicago mayoral candidates’ approach to coalition building by making race an increasingly important issue in campaigns and pursuit of Black voters a priority. Further, because Chicago’s local parties were highly fractured, the migration made support from Black voters critical to determining which faction would control the city.
Experiences of Parents and Professionals in Well-Established Continuity of Care Infant Toddler Programs

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to look at the nature of continuity of care by examining the perspectives of those who lived it in 2 programs in which it was a well-established practice. The 35 participants included infant toddler caregivers, parents, preschool teachers, and administrators. Findings are organized around 8 features of continuity of care revealed in the study: increased knowledge (increased understanding of child development and individual children), stable relationships (decreased disruption associated with frequent transitions), a family-type atmosphere (trust, warmth, and affection promoted), primary caregiving (changing nature of roles over time), family-centeredness (mutual empowerment of parents and caregivers), effective caregiver partnerships (caregiving relationships among caregivers), the transition to preschool (higher levels of ability in social and self-help skills among children), and recommendations for improvement. Practice or Policy:...
Chávez, Karma R. Queer Migration Politics: Activist Rhetoric and Coalitional Possibilities.

Karma R. Chavez's Queer Migration Politics: Activist Rhetoric and Coalitional Possibilities examines the intersectionality of social movements while drawing attention to the complex histories of ma...
PSEUDARTHROSIS OF THE TIBIA IN CHILDREN

All of the five cases in Group 1 were in reality congenital, or birth fractures. So far as we know, the fractures are all ununited. The eight cases in Group 2 were fractures of infancy or early childhood. Probably thus far none of these are united. Therefore, so far as treatment is concerned, this group is just as unsatisfactory as Group 1. In some of the patients in Group 2, particularly in Cases 8 and 9, brother and sister, there may be hereditary factors. Seven of the thirteen patients in Groups 1 and 2 were operated on at the Clinic without success. However, two patients have not been traced. The six patients in Group 3 all sustained their fractures in middle or late childhood. In Case 15, in which there was failure, the patient was operated on under the age of puberty, the remainder were operated on after puberty, and all obtained union. In Case 6 (Group 2) a second operation was performed after puberty, with failure; a low grade infection may have been the cause. In a paper I published last year in which forty-four cases of non-union in the tibia, with eight failures, were reported, six of the failures were in fractures sustained in childhood. The percentage of success for the fractures sustained in childhood was 25. The percentage of success for the entire group was 81.8. If the six cases in children were omitted, the percentage of successes in the adult would be raised to 94. Syphilis was ruled out in all cases; however, in one instance the mother gave a positive Wassermann reaction, but the father and the patient gave negative reaction. This patient cannot be traced. In some of the recent cases analyses of the blood were carried out and the calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus contents were found to be normal.
Once Again, What Counts as Art?

The question of what art is and why certain objects and events are considered art is examined. In the light of John Searle’s Social Philosophy, a hybrid Institutionalist-Functionalist explanation of what counts as art is presented. However, Searle’s apparatus applied to the ontology of the work of art is not enough to answer the question of why art has the status it exhibits. The proposal is to trace back the ontology of art to the origins of the dichotomy between freedom and necessity, and more specifically to the notion of “end in itself” presented by Kant, as the status that persons have. Ultimately, the ontology of art emerges as a projection of the status “end in itself”, of personhood, to objects and events.
Basophilic leukemia presenting as gastroduodenal ulceration: effect of H-2-receptor blockade.

A patient with multiple gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric hypersecretion due to histamine excess associated with basophilic leukemia is described. Treatment with the histamine H-2-receptor blocker, cimetidine, was able to abolish the gastric hypersecretion and gastrointestinal blood loss. A literature review produced four other cases of multiple gastroduodenal ulceration with this disease, suggesting that it is more common than previously recognized. The availability of a potent H-2-receptor antagonist offers effective and specifically tailored therapy to counteract the gastrointestinal effects of hyperhistaminemia in basophilic leukemia and other “histamine excess” diseases.
Review of Russian Pension Reform during Economy Shifting

Over the past decade or so , Russia has been reforming its retirement system .In an effort of two stages , it has accomplished t o establish a "multi—pillar" retirement system. Despite the success an d the initiatives in it, Russia is still confronting many challenges.
Interaction of sudoxicam and aspirin in animals and man

In rats, both the plasma concentrations and the anti-inflammatory activity of sudoxicam are depressed by concurrent administration of aspirin, being similar to that reported for other nonsteroidal agents, whereas, in man and monkey, plasma concentrations of sudoxicam are not affected by concurrent administration of aspirin. In this respect sudoxicam differs from such other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents as indomethacin and naproxen.
Early diagnosis and treatment of cervical pregnancy in an in vitro fertilization program

This is a report of three cervical pregnancies, one of which was a heterotopic twin cervical pregnancy that occurred in combination with a single intrauterine pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound examination was sufficient to establish the diagnosis in two of three patients, and MRI scanning was conclusive in the third. Early diagnosis lead to intervention before 7 weeks gestation in all cases with no complications. The incidence of cervical pregnancy may be higher in IVF-ET than recognized previously.
The Most Interesting Enzyme in the World

Ribonucleotide reductases of the class I family are α2β2 tetramers. Like all RNRs they are subject to allosteric control mechanisms affecting activity and specificity. In this issue of Structure, Johansson et al. (2016) present a structural analysis of an unusual mode of activity site regulation.
The microbiome during pregnancy and early postnatal life

We are changing our concept that the newborn infant emerges from a sterile environment. In-utero colonization may have major impacts on the developing mammal in terms of development of immunity and metabolism that, with epigenetic modifications, will lead to diseases in later life. In addition, the microbial profile that develops during and after birth depends on mode of delivery, type of feeding (human milk versus formula) and various other environmental factors to which the newborn is exposed. The goal of this review is to clarify that the microbiome in the maternal fetal unit as well as the immediate changes that occur as new microbes are acquired postnatally play major roles in subsequent health and disease. Rapidly developing technologies for multi-omic analyses and systems biology are shifting paradigms in both scientific knowledge and clinical care.
Application of Patient-Rated Questionnaires in Rheumatoid Hand Outcomes Research

Patient-rated outcomes (PROs) are particularly important in rheumatoid hand research given the impact of surgical intervention on quality of life and the discord between patient-rated and objective clinical measures. All clinicians should have an intimate understanding of the intricacies of outcomes measurement due to the eventual impact on future research, clinical decision-making, and health policy. PRO questionnaires are used to measure general health, specific symptoms, or domains of health status from the patient’s perspective.
In Support of Public or Private Interests? An Examination of Sanctions Imposed Under the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) monitors the misconduct of its members using the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct (CPC). To accomplish this task, the AICPA relies on various stakeholders to report known violations of its CPC. We examine the full population of sanctions imposed by the AICPA on its members under its CPC from 2008–2013 to identify recent trends in the misconduct of accounting professionals. While we find that multiple stakeholders identify and report violations, we also find that the most common types of violations remain consistent with those reported in the 1990s. Further, we develop a taxonomy based on prior accounting literature to determine whether the AICPA CPC is being enforced to defend the public interest and/or the private interests of the accounting profession. In contrast to prior studies, our results suggest that as the accounting profession emerges from a recession and period of intense public scrutiny, the AICPA CPC is largely being enforced to defend the public interest. This public interest focus was most pronounced during the recessionary years of 2008–2010, as evident from misconduct reported by parties such as the Internal Revenue Service, Securities and Exchange Commission, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and state boards of accountancy. Although key stakeholders have recently focused on reporting misconduct that threatens the public interest, we believe there are still areas in need of improvement, especially around the level of detail provided in the AICPA’s sanction records. We propose some possible solutions to improve public transparency.
Learning to infer: A new variational inference approach for power grid topology identification

Identifying arbitrary topologies of power networks is a computationally hard problem due to the number of hypotheses that grows exponentially with the network size. A new variational inference approach is developed for efficient marginal inference of every line status in the network. Optimizing the variational model is transformed to and solved as a discriminative learning problem. A major advantage of the developed learning based approach is that the labeled data used for learning can be generated in an arbitrarily large amount at very little cost. As a result, the power of offline training is fully exploited to offer effective real-time topology identification. The proposed methods are evaluated in the IEEE 30-bus system. With relatively simple variational models and only an undercomplete measurement set, the proposed method already achieves very good performance in identifying arbitrary power network topologies.
Instructional improvement and student engagement in post-secondary engineering courses: the complexity underlying small effect sizes

AbstractThe current study leveraged a professional development programme for engineering faculty at a large research university to examine the impact of instructional improvement on student engagement. Professors who participated in the professional development were observed three times and rated using an existing observation protocol. Students in courses with instructors who participated and did not participate in the professional development were surveyed about their classroom engagement. The responses were used to conduct quasi-experimental comparisons. Results indicated that students in courses with professors who participated in the professional development self-reported 3% more behavioural and 2% more cognitive engagement than students with professors who did not participate. Within professional development group, follow-up comparisons showed that students in courses with the highest rated instructors self-reported 7% more cognitive engagement than students with lower ranked professors. Thematic cod...
Jean-Pierre Cabestan and Jacques Delisle Political Changes in Taiwan under Ma Ying-jeou New York, NY: Routledge Research on Taiwan Series 326 pp., $ 145.00 hardcover ISBN: 9780415745345 Publication Date: July 2014

Cross-Strait relations between Taiwan and China underwent an unsettling decade between 2000 and 2010. The pro-independence policies of Taiwan's President Chen Shui-bian not only angered Beijing but...
Effects of Particle Number and Initiator Level on the Kinetics of Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerizations

The kinetics of the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate have been studied in numerous previous investigations. These previous investigations agree on a number of phenomena, namely that the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate does not follow Smith-Ewart kinetics and that the reaction exhibits a constant reaction rate well beyond the point at which the separate monomer phase disappears. These phenomena are thought to occur because of the high water solubility of vinyl acetate and the high rate of transfer to monomer. On the other hand, much of the information presented by previous investigators appears to be contradictory, and none of the previously suggested models for the reaction can account for all of the phenomena observed.
Low levels of serum testosterone in middle-aged men impact pathological features of prostate cancer.

Abstract Background Serum testosterone deficiency increases with aging. Age is also a major risk factor for prostate cancer (PrCa) and PCa tumors are more frequently diagnosed among men >65 years old. We evaluated the relationship between preoperative serum testosterone and clinical/ pathological features of PrCa in middle-aged and elderly patients. Methods A total of 605 PrCa patients who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy between September 2010 and January 2013 at the University of Pennsylvania, and who had serum testosterone levels measured using Elecsys Testosterone II Immunoassay were included in this IRB-approved protocol. Androgen deficiency was determined as serum free testosterone (FT) Results Among middle-aged men (45–64 years; n = 367), those with low FT and low TT had, on average, a higher BMI (29.7 vs. 27.4, P P P = 0.011; and 19.2% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.012) compared to men with normal FT and normal TT values. Patients with low FT had also higher number of positive cores on biopsy (3.9 vs. 3.1 P = 0.019) and greater tumor volume (7.9 ml vs. 6.1 ml, P = 0.045) compared to those with normal FT. Among men ≥65 years ( n = 135) there was no difference in prostatectomy specimens of PrCa between patients with low or normal FT or TT. Conclusion Among men aged 45–64 years low serum pretreatment FT and TT predicted more aggressive features of PrCa in prostatectomy specimens. In middle-aged patients low testosterone levels measured pre-operatively may indicate more aggressive disease parameters.
What Influences Mental Illness? Discrepancies Between Medical Education and Conception:

Objective:This preliminary study examined the differences between what was taught during a formal medical education and medical students’ and psychiatry residents’ conceptions of notions regarding the causes and determinants of mental illness.Methods:The authors surveyed 74 medical students and 11 residents via convenience sampling. The survey contained 18 statements which were rated twice based on truthfulness in terms of a participant’s formal education and conception, respectively. Descriptive statistics and a Wilcoxon signed rank test determined differences between education and conception.Results:Results showed that students were less likely to perceive a neurotransmitter imbalance to cause mental illness, as opposed to what was emphasized during a formal medical education. Students and residents also understood the importance of factors such as systemic racism and socioeconomic status in the development of mental illness, which were factors that did not receive heavy emphasis during medical educatio...
Evaluating and implementing temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal methods for outbreak detection in a local syndromic surveillance system.

The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has operated an emergency department syndromic surveillance system since 2001, using temporal and spatial scan statistics run on a daily basis for cluster detection. Since the system was originally implemented, a number of new methods have been proposed for use in cluster detection. We evaluated six temporal and four spatial/spatio-temporal detection methods using syndromic surveillance data spiked with simulated injections. The algorithms were compared on several metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, coherence, and timeliness. We also evaluated each method’s implementation, programming time, run time, and the ease of use. Among the temporal methods, at a set specificity of 95%, a Holt-Winters exponential smoother performed the best, detecting 19% of the simulated injects across all shapes and sizes, followed by an autoregressive moving average model (16%), a generalized linear model (15%), a modified version of the Early Aberration Reporting System’s C2 algorithm (13%), a temporal scan statistic (11%), and a cumulative sum control chart (<2%). Of the spatial/spatio-temporal methods we tested, a spatial scan statistic detected 3% of all injects, a Bayes regression found 2%, and a generalized linear mixed model and a space-time permutation scan statistic detected none at a specificity of 95%. Positive predictive value was low (<7%) for all methods. Overall, the detection methods we tested did not perform well in identifying the temporal and spatial clusters of cases in the inject dataset. The spatial scan statistic, our current method for spatial cluster detection, performed slightly better than the other tested methods across different inject magnitudes and types. Furthermore, we found the scan statistics, as applied in the SaTScan software package, to be the easiest to program and implement for daily data analysis.
Creating engaging science projects with netsblox

NetsBlox is a visual blocks-based programming language that supports distributed programming. NetsBlox includes Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) that provide access to a set of online scientific data sources such as maps, weather, earthquakes, astronomy imagery, air pollution, etc. This demonstration shows how to use these RPCs to create engaging science projects.
Smart phone addiction and mindfulness: an intergenerational comparison

Young consumers are particularly vulnerable to the addictive nature of smart phone technology. This paper aims to investigate the smart phone addiction cycle and health outcomes of young and old consumers from the lens of consumers’ mindfulness traits.,Qualitative and quantitative studies reveal that the lack of mindfulness, measured as a mindless trait, is strongly associated with smart phone addictions and health and quality of life outcomes.,Differences in mindlessness and smart phone-generated health outcomes are found between younger and older consumers. The negative impact of mindlessness on quality of life was greater for younger adults than older adults.,This research establishes baseline effects between the mindless trait and smart phone addiction levels.,Paper suggests the marketing of mindfulness programs and the use of marketplace apps to combat addiction issues.,Smart phone addiction is a growing problem, and this paper contributes to the understanding of the problem and offers societal solutions for its resolution.,This is the first empirical paper to investigate the connection between a mindless trait and smart phone tendencies and resulting health outcomes.
A fatal central nervous system enterovirus 68 infection.

Abstract The anticipated eradication of poliovirus emphasizes the need to identify other enteroviral causes of severe central nervous system disease. Enterovirus 68 has been implicated only in cases of respiratory illness. We therefore report a case of fatal meningomyeloencephalitis caused by enterovirus 68 in a 5-year-old boy, which required neuropathology, microbiology, and molecular techniques to diagnose.
A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Client Violence in Residential Treatment

Residential counselors are occasionally expected to be in contact with clients at risk for violent behavior. Client violence poses the obvious risk of physical harm, and there is evidence to suggest that it may have a potentially harmful psychological impact as well. As a result of the potential variability within training programs in didactic and clinical instruction, residential counselors may be neither adequately informed about the nature of violent behavior nor prepared for the potential effects of client violence. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) To call attention to the potential crisis of client violence for counselors, (b) to propose a conceptual framework for counselor preparation and practice regarding client violence, and (e) to make recommendations for further research.
Diversification in the hospital industry

An institution life cycle hypothesis is advanced to explain hospital behavior: boom and bust, diversification and divestiture, occasionally leading to closure or merger. Hospital diversification and its impact on the operating ratio are studied for 172 hospitals during the period 2002-2007. Diversification and operating ratio are modeled in a two-stage least squares (TSLS) framework as being jointly dependant. Institutional diversification is found to yield better financial position, and the better operating profits allow the institution the wherewithal to diversify. The impact of external government planning and hospital competition is also measured. Some services are in a growth phase, like bariatric weight loss surgery and sleep disorder clinics. Management's attitude concerning risk and reward is considered.
Trajectory of exonic variant discovery in a large clinical population: implications for variant curation

Precision health initiatives and reduced sequencing costs are driving large-scale human genome analyses. Genetic variant curation is a bottleneck in clinical applications. The burden of variant curation can be high for newly discovered variants because they are less likely to have undergone previous clinical annotation; the rate of discovery of genetic variants in large clinical populations has not been empirically determined. We determined the rate of accrual of unique sequence variants in 90,000 exome sequences. Separate analyses were done for 17,267 autosomal genes and a subset of 74 actionable genes; the effect of relatedness in the cohort was also determined. Variant discovery showed a nonlinear growth pattern. The rate of unique variant accrual decreased as the database size increased; by 90,000 exomes 97% of all projected coding and splicing variants had been observed. Variants in 74 actionable genes showed a similar pattern. Family relatedness slightly reduced the rate of discovery of unique variants. The heaviest burden of interpretation for genetic variants occurs early and diminishes as the database size increases. Our data provide a framework for scaling pathogenic genetic variant discovery and curation, a critical element of patient care in the era of precision health.
Transient Acquired Hypoventilation Syndrome Secondary to Uncal Herniation Is Successfully Treated with Bilevel Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Background. To describe an unusual presentation of acquired hypoventilation syndrome treated successfully with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Case Presentation. We report a case report of a 48-year-old male who presented to the emergency room for recurrent syncope. He was found to have a ventricular colloid cyst causing uncal herniation. The patient was noted to be intermittently apneic and bradypnic. Transient hypoventilation was successfully treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and the patient made a full neurological recovery following transcallosal resection of the colloid cyst. Subsequently, the hypoventilation resolved. Conclusion. With prompt surgical intervention, full neurological recovery is possible after cerebral uncal herniation. In rare circumstances, this can result in transient alveolar hypoventilation. Bilevel noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can be used to successfully manage the hypoventilation.
Cholesterol Effects on the Physical Properties of Lipid Membranes Viewed by Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy

In this chapter, we review the physical properties of lipid/cholesterol mixtures involving studies of model membranes using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The approach allows one to quantify the average membrane structure, fluctuations, and elastic deformation upon cholesterol interaction. Emphasis is placed on understanding the membrane structural deformation and emergent fluctuations at an atomistic level. Lineshape measurements using solid-state NMR spectroscopy give equilibrium structural properties, while relaxation time measurements study the molecular dynamics over a wide timescale range. The equilibrium properties of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and their binary and tertiary mixtures with cholesterol are accessible. Nonideal mixing of cholesterol with other lipids explains the occurrence of liquid-ordered domains. The entropic loss upon addition of cholesterol to sphingolipids is less than for glycerophospholipids, and may drive formation of lipid rafts. The functional dependence of 2H NMR spin-lattice relaxation (R 1Z) rates on segmental order parameters (S CD) for lipid membranes is indicative of emergent viscoelastic properties. Addition of cholesterol shows stiffening of the bilayer relative to the pure lipids and this effect is diminished for lanosterol. Opposite influences of cholesterol and detergents on collective dynamics and elasticity at an atomistic scale can potentially affect lipid raft formation in cellular membranes.
The Effects of Early Intervention on Social Communication Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis

This meta-analysis examined the effects of early interventions on social communication outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder. A systematic review of the literature included 1442 children (mean age 3.55 years) across 29 studies. The overall effect size of intervention on social communication outcomes was significant (g = 0.36). The age of the participants was related to the treatment effect size on social communication outcomes, with maximum benefits occurring at age 3.81 years. Results did not differ significantly depending on the person implementing the intervention. However, significantly larger effect sizes were observed in studies with context-bound outcome measures. The findings of this meta-analysis highlight the need for further research examining specific components of interventions associated with greater and more generalized gains.
The institutional antecedent to firms’ interorganizational network portfolios: Evidence from China

Abstract Although the amount of research on interorganizational networks has increased significantly in recent years, few studies have examined the antecedents to interorganizational network portfolios—organizations’ configuration of their relationship networks with other organizations. To address this gap, this study examines how firms’ interorganizational network portfolios vary across three types of ownership structures (i.e., state-owned, private, and multinational enterprises) in China. Cluster analysis of the data on 212 leading firms operating in China revealed two types of network portfolios firms maintain. Specifically, firms maintaining robust cross-sector portfolios had more extensive networks with organizations in the nonprofit and public sectors than firms maintaining limited cross-sector portfolios . Moreover, regression results suggested that firms across different ownership structures had distinct numbers and types of organizational partners, particularly nongovernmental organization (NGO) partners. Theoretical and practical implications are derived from the findings.
Property optimization of Zr-Ti-X (X = Ag, Al) metallic glass via combinatorial development aimed at prospective biomedical application

Abstract Exceptional materials with enhanced bio-compatibility are a quest among the researchers in the medical community. Conventional crystalline materials, including 316L stainless steel, titanium and titanium-based alloys, are most commonly used for medical equipment or devices. However, materials with greater compatibility with biological systems should be studied. An amorphous solid, such as Zirconium (Zr)-based metallic glass, is a possible alternative to the conventional crystalline materials. The prospect of achieving multi-property requirements (i.e., high corrosion and wear resistance, lower elastic modulus and enhanced antibacterial capacity) with Zr-based thin film metallic glass (TFMG) were studied in this work. To form a ternary system with the optimized composition of Zr46Ti40Ag14 and Zr46Ti43Al11, TFMGs were fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering or combinatorial development of a binary Zr-Ti alloy with silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al). The structural characterization via grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) manifested an amorphous structure for the ternary TFMGs. The electrochemical analyses of the ternary systems revealed lower corrosion- and passive-current density when compared to 316L stainless steel and commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). These data demonstrated that TFMGs have better corrosion resistant characteristics. Moreover, the systems exhibited appreciable hardness and elastic modulus lower than 316L stainless steel and cp-Ti. Both of the ternary TFMGs exhibited hydrophobicity, whereas only the Zr46Ti40Ag14 exhibited significant antibacterial properties and reduced the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The combination of such desirable properties makes these TFMGs an excellent candidate material for a wide range of biomedical applications.
The Importance of Taking Psychology: A Comparison of Three Levels of Exposure:

We compared the performance of senior psychology majors, introductory psychology students, and similarly aged individuals with no college psychology on seven different outcome measures including mu...
Governmentality and the mastery of territory in nineteenth-century America

Introduction 1. Governmentality in context Part I: 2. The formation of governmental objects in late nineteenth century American discourse 3. Francis A. Walker and the formation of American governmental subjectivity 4. American manhood and the strains of governmental subjectivity Part II: 5. The spatial politics of governmental knowledge 6. An American exceptionalist political economy 7. Manhood, space and governmental regulation Conclusion.
Recruiting Student Health Coaches to Improve Digital Blood Pressure Management: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Background: Hypertension is a significant problem in the United States, affecting 1 in 3 adults aged above 18 years and is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. The prevalence of hypertension has increased in medically underserved areas (MUAs). Mobile health technologies, such as digital self-monitoring devices, have been shown to improve the management of chronic health conditions. However, patients from MUAs have reduced access to these devices because of limited resources and low health literacy. Health coaches and peer training programs are a potentially cost-effective solution for the shortage of physicians available to manage hypertension in MUAs. Activating young people as student health coaches (SHCs) is a promising strategy to improve community health. Objective: This pilot study aims to assess (1) the feasibility of training high school students as health technology coaches in MUAs and (2) whether the addition of SHCs to digital home monitoring improves the frequency of self-monitoring and overall blood pressure (BP) control. Methods: In total, 15 high school students completed 3-day health coach training. Patients who had a documented diagnosis of hypertension were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 intervention arms. The QardioArm alone (Q) group was provided a QardioArm cuff only for convenience. The SHC alone (S) group was instructed to meet with a health coach for 30 min once a week for 5 weeks to create action plans for reducing BP. The student+QardioArm (S+Q) group received both interventions. Results: Participants (n=27) were randomly assigned to 3 groups in a ratio of 9:9:9. All 15 students completed training, of which 40% (6/15) of students completed all the 5 meetings with their assigned patient. Barriers to feasibility included transportation and patient response drop-off at the end of the study. Overall, 92% (11/12) of the students rated their experience as very good or higher and 69% (9/13) reported that this experience made them more likely to go into the medical field. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of cuff use (S+Q vs Q groups: 37 vs 17; P<.001). Participants in the S+Q group reported better BP control after the intervention compared with the other groups. The average BP at the end of the intervention was 145/84 (SD 9/18) mm Hg, 150/85 (SD 18/12) mm Hg, and 128/69 (SD 20/14) mm Hg in the Q, S, and S+Q groups, respectively. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of pairing technology with young student coaches, although challenges existed. The S+Q group used their cuff more than the Q group. Patients were more engaged in the S+Q group, reporting higher satisfaction with their SHC and better control of their BP.
Terminal Modification, Sequence, and Length Determine Small RNA Stability in Animals

In animals, piRNAs, siRNAs, and miRNAs silence transposons, fight viral infections, and regulate gene expression. piRNA biogenesis concludes with 3' terminal trimming and 2'-O-methylation. Both trimming and methylation influence piRNA stability. Here, we report that trimming and methylation protect mouse piRNAs from different decay mechanisms. In the absence of 2'-O-methylation, mouse piRNAs with extensive complementarity to long RNAs become unstable. In flies, 2'-O-methylation similarly protects both piRNAs and siRNAs from complementarity-dependent destabilization. Animal miRNAs are unmethylated, and complementarity-dependent destabilization helps explain differences in miRNA decay rates in both mice and flies. In contrast, trimming protects mouse piRNAs from a separate degradation pathway unaffected by target complementarity but sensitive to the 3' terminal, untrimmed sequence. Because distinct sets of mouse piRNAs are protected by each of these mechanisms, loss of both trimming and 2'-O-methylation causes the piRNA pathway to collapse, demonstrating that these two small RNA modifications collaborate to stabilize piRNAs. HighlightsO_LI2'-O-methylation protects mouse and fly piRNAs from complementarity-dependent decay C_LIO_LI2'-O-methylation protects fly siRNAs with extensive complementarity to long RNAs C_LIO_LIComplementarity to long RNAs predicts the half-life of fly and mouse miRNAs C_LIO_LIMouse pre-piRNA decay reflects both pre-piRNA sequence and PIWI protein identity C_LI
PID: A New Benchmark Dataset to Classify and Densify Pavement Distresses

Automated pavement distresses detection using road images remains a challenging topic in the computer vision research community. Recent developments in deep learning have led to considerable resear...
Using constraint geometry to determine maximum rate pipeline clocking

Geometric knowledge of the shape of the feasible region formed by pulse width, setup, and hold constraints is used directly by an efficient (cubic complexity) algorithm, Gpipe, to determine the maximum rate for single-phase clocking of a given pipeline. The pipeline model uses level-sensitive latches as synchronizers and can allow wave pipelining. Gpipe is also used to explore the effect of removing nonsynchronizing and/or synchronizing latches on the maximum clock speed of the pipeline. A simple test shows which latches, if any, to remove in order to guarantee no decrease, and permit a possible increase, in the clock rate. >