cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Long-Stay Nursing Home Admissions Among the U.S. Elderly Population: Comparison of Logistic Regression and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model with Policy Implications for Social Work

Two statistical methods were compared to identify key factors associated with long-stay nursing home (LSNH) admission among the U.S. elderly population. Social Work's interest in services to the elderly makes this research critical to the profession. Effectively transitioning the "baby boomer" population into appropriate long-term care will be a great societal challenge. It remains a challenge paramount to the practice of social work. Secondary data analyses using four waves (1995, 1998, 2000, and 2002) of the Health Retirement Study (HRS) coupled with the Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) surveys were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model were performed and compared. Older age, lower self-perceived health, worse instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), psychiatric problems, and living alone were found significantly associated with increased risk of LSNH admission. In contrast, being female, African American, or Hispanic; owning a home; and having lower level of cognitive impairment reduced the admission risk. Home ownership showed a significant effect in logistic regression, but a marginal effect in the Cox model. The Cox model generally provided more precise parameter estimates than logistic regression. Logistic regression, used frequently in analyses, can provide a good approximation to the Cox model in identifying factors of LSNH admission. However, the Cox model gives more information on how soon the LSNH admission may happen. Our analyses, based on two models, dually identified the factors associated with LSNH admission; therefore, results discussed confidently provide implications for both public and private long-term care policies, as well as improving the assessment capabilities of social work practitioners for development of screening programs among at-risk elderly. Given the predicted surge in this population, significant factors found from this study can be utilized in a strengths-based empowerment approach by social workers to aid in avoiding LSNH utilization.
Nitrates in kansas groudwaterrs as related to animal and human health

Abstract Sources of nitrates observed in farm well water appear related to improper location and construction of wells. Statistical analysis of the low levels of applied inorganic nitrogen fertilizer suggest that the fertilizer applied was not related to the nitrate content of the water. Although the presence of animal health problems did not correlate with the levels of nitrates in well waters and with the use of inorganic fertilizers,the presence of many variables made evaluation difficult. The nitrate levels in many rural and domestic water supplies were sufficiently high to potentially produce physiological impairment in animals drinking those waters. Clinical signs may have been obscured by their own complexity and subtleness. The significance of nitrates in drinking waters can currently be objectively measured only the development of acute nitrate poisoning.
Medical Foods: Products for the Management of Chronic Diseases

Medical foods are a specific category of therapeutic agents created under the Orphan Drug Act of 1988, which separated medical foods from drugs for regulatory purposes. Products in this category share the requirements that they are intended for the nutritional management of a specific disease, are used under the guidance of a physician, and contain ingredients that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). An example of medical foods are formulations intended to manage patients with inborn errors in amino acid metabolism. Newer medical foods are designed to manage hyperhomocysteinemia, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, inflammatory conditions, cancer cachexia, and other diseases.
Novel mixed ligand sandwich complexes: competitive binding of iron with benzene, coronene, and C60

Abstract Organometallic complexes of iron with benzene, coronene and C60 are produced in a molecular beam and studied with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and laser photodissociation. The cation complexes are produced in a pulsed nozzle laser vaporization source using an iron rod coated with a sublimed film of coronene and/or C60. Benzene is seeded in the expansion gas. Masses of the form [Ax–Fe–By]+ are observed when A and B are benzene, coronene, or C60, taken any two at a time. Masses are observed for all combinations where x + y = 1 or 2, indicating the formation of monoligand and sandwich complexes. Mixed-ligand sandwiches form with comparable abundance to homoligand sandwiches. Mass-selected photodissociation probes the relative bonding strengths in these new species.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis Hypothetical Protein CT263 Supports That Menaquinone Synthesis Occurs through the Futalosine Pathway

The obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease. Genomic sequencing of Chlamydia indicated this medically important bacterium was not exclusively dependent on the host cell for energy. In order for the electron transport chain to function, electron shuttling between membrane-embedded complexes requires lipid-soluble quinones (e.g. menaquionone or ubiquinone). The sources or biosynthetic pathways required to obtain these electron carriers within C. trachomatis are poorly understood. The 1.58A crystal structure of C. trachomatis hypothetical protein CT263 presented here supports a role in quinone biosynthesis. Although CT263 lacks sequence-based functional annotation, the crystal structure of CT263 displays striking structural similarity to 5′-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (MTAN) enzymes. Although CT263 lacks the active site-associated dimer interface found in prototypical MTANs, co-crystal structures with product (adenine) or substrate (5′-methylthioadenosine) indicate that the canonical active site residues are conserved. Enzymatic characterization of CT263 indicates that the futalosine pathway intermediate 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine (kcat/Km = 1.8 × 103 m−1 s−1), but not the prototypical MTAN substrates (e.g. S-adenosylhomocysteine and 5′-methylthioadenosine), is hydrolyzed. Bioinformatic analyses of the chlamydial proteome also support the futalosine pathway toward the synthesis of menaquinone in Chlamydiaceae. This report provides the first experimental support for quinone synthesis in Chlamydia. Menaquinone synthesis provides another target for agents to combat C. trachomatis infection.
How Can I Mate Without An Appendix Masculina? The Case of Sphaeroma Terebrans Bate, 1866 (isopoda, Sphaeromatidae)

Several hours mating behaviour of the woodborer isopod, Sphaeroma terebrans were recorded using a video camera. S. terebrans, the only species in the genus to lack an appendix masculina, has a peculiar way of mating that is completely different from that in other Isopoda. Instead of introducing the sperm into the genital opening of the female, the male releases it into the water current created by the beating of the female pleopods. The origin of this adaptation is discussed. Il comportamento sessuale dell'isopode Sphaeroma terebrans, e stato filmato per diverse ore, attraverso una telecamera. S. terebrans, l'unica specie del genere ad essere sprovvista di una appendix masculina, ha un modo di accoppiarsi del tutto particolare che e completamente differente da quello degli altri isopodi. Il maschio invece di introdurre lo sperma nella apertura genitale femminile, lo rilascia nella corrente d'acqua creata dal battito dei pleopodi. L'origine di questo adattamento viene discussa.
A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

Biochemical assays with recombinant human MHC II molecules can provide rapid, quantitative insights into immunogenic epitope identification, deletion, or design1,2. Here, a peptide-MHC II binding assay is scaled to 384-well format. The scaled down protocol reduces reagent costs by 75% and is higher throughput than previously described 96-well protocols1,3-5. Specifically, the experimental design permits robust and reproducible analysis of up to 15 peptides against one MHC II allele per 384-well ELISA plate. Using a single liquid handling robot, this method allows one researcher to analyze approximately ninety test peptides in triplicate over a range of eight concentrations and four MHC II allele types in less than 48 hr. Others working in the fields of protein deimmunization or vaccine design and development may find the protocol to be useful in facilitating their own work. In particular, the step-by-step instructions and the visual format of JoVE should allow other users to quickly and easily establish this methodology in their own labs.
Shorter T-DNA or additional virulence genes improve Agrobactrium-mediated transformation

The effect of additional virulence (vir) genes and size of plasmid T-DNA in Agrobacterium tumefa- ciens was investigated for their impact on transformation efficiency. Transformation efficiency in tobacco, cotton, and rice was increased when the T-DNA was 4.3 kb compared to 8.4 kb in size. However, when additional virG, virGN54D,virE, or virE/virG plasmids were included with the 8.4-kb T-DNA, transformation frequencies in all cases were increased over that of the shorter T-DNA without additional vir plasmids. The use of virE, virG or virGN54D copies enhanced transformation efficiency; however, the most significant increase of transformation efficiency in all three plant species was observed when the virE/virG plasmid was used for infection. The virE/virG plasmid dramatically enhanced the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer; moreover, this plasmid appears to have broad efficiency since it was consistently effective on two different dicotyledon species as well as a monocotyledon species.
δ13C in Pentaclethra macroloba trees growing at forest edges in north-eastern Costa Rica

Fragmented forest landscapes with large proportions of edge area are common in the tropics, though little is known about functional responses of trees to edge effects. Foliar δ 13 C can increase our understanding of tree function, as these values reflect changes in c ι /c a as trees respond to environmental gradients. We expected that foliar δ 13 C would be enriched, indicating a decline in c ι /C a , in Pentaclethra macroloba trees growing at forest edges in north-eastern Costa Rica. We also anticipated this isotopic shift in δ 13 C values of soil carbon and soil respired CO 2 . Three transects perpendicular to forest edges were established at three study sites, and six plots per transect were located 0-300 m from edges. Within plots, foliage, soil and soil respired CO 2 were collected for isotopic analyses. Foliar δ 13 C, thus C i /C a . and soil carbon δ 13 C did not vary along the edge to interior gradient.δ 13 C for canopy and understorey foliage averaged-29.7%o and-32.5%o, respectively, while soil carbon δ 13 C averaged -2 8.0%o. Soil respired CO 2 δ 13 C ranged from-29.2%o to -28.6%o and was significantly depleted within 50 m of edges. The predominant lack of functional responses at forest edges indicates that P. macroloba trees are robust and these forests are minimally influenced by edge effects.
Effects of restrictive and self-selected feeding on preschool children's food intake and waste at snacktime

Abstract Regulating young children's food intake is common practice in child care facilities. Many caregivers fear that children will overeat or waste food if allowed to select their own portions. The purpose of this study was to compare food intake and waste of preschool children at snacktime when given one portion of snack and when allowed to self-select their snack amount. Subjects were 20 3-year-olds and 20 4-year-olds enrolled in a university preschool. For the 29 days of restrictive feeding, children were offered only one portion of snack. For the 25 days of self-selected feeding, children could eat as many portions as they wanted. Based on a 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), there was a significant interaction of class and feeding method. During self-selected feeding, the 4-year-old group increased their intake to a greater extent than the 3-year-old group. The number of portions wasted was not significantly different for the two feeding methods; however, the younger children wasted significantly more than the older children. These results indicate that preschool children in group settings will eat more than one portion at snack time when they are allowed to self-select their intake without significantly increasing the amount they waste.
Protecting Democracy in Europe and the Americas

Especially since the end of the Cold War, the Council of Europe ~CE! and the Organization of American States ~OAS! have acted to protect democracy in their member states from erosion or reversals, with CE policies more robust than those in the Americas+ What explains this variation? I develop an argument focus- ing on institutional permeability, or the extent to which those organizations are acces- sible to nonstate actors+ Permeability consists of three dimensions: range of third parties allowed access, level of decision making at which access is granted, and transparency of IO information to those third parties+ Higher levels of permeability are likely to produce higher levels of constraint on state behavior through increas- ing levels of precision and obligation in international rules and practices+ Alterna- tive explanations, summarized as regional democracy norms, domestic democratic lock-in interests, and the power of stable democracies cannot explain the variation in multilateral democracy protection+ More broadly, this article suggests that "democratizing" IOs by allowing ever-greater access to nonstate actors is likely to result in stronger, more constraining international rules, even in areas where states most jealously guard their sovereignty, such as the nature of their domestic political institutions+
Engagement in Active Learning with Brazilian Adult Educators

Partners of the Americas was inspired by President John F. Kennedy, who in 1963 launched the Alliance for Progress, a program of government-to-government economic cooperation across the Western Hemisphere. At the same time, Kennedy also called for a parallel people-to-people initiative, one that would allow private citizens to work together for the good of the Americas. Today, it is a private, nonprofit, and nonpartisan organization, enjoying the support of many individuals, international corporations, and foundations. Every US president since Kennedy has endorsed the Partners’ program, as have government leaders throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. There are 60 ‘partnerships’ that have been permanently established between 45 states and the District of Columbia in the USA, and 31 Latin American and Caribbean countries. The relationship between Missouri and Para is now in its 43rd year. The main program areas include: Citizen participation, education and training, economic development, family life, and culture. People volunteer their participation from all walks of life, including: doctors, nurses, social workers, religious leaders, farmers, foresters, artists, city administrators, university professors, engineers, students in high school and higher education, and leaders of numerous community organizations.
Experimental and numerical modeling studies of a pulsed rubidium optically pumped alkali metal vapor laser

Experimental slope efficiencies of 72% to 76% are achieved for a pulsed Rb-methane optically pumped alkali metal vapor laser with pump intensities up to 120 kW/cm2. Measurements characterizing the temporal dynamics, spectral width, beam diameter, and M2 values of the 795 nm laser beam are presented. M2 values indicate that the 795 nm laser beam is 10 to 20 times diffraction limited. The laser system’s response to changes in the pump’s spectral width, the Rb number density, relaxant concentration, and pump intensity are examined with a broadband time-dependent one-dimensional rate equation model. The experimental data and the modeling results are shown to be in good agreement for a wide range of experimental conditions.
An Immunohistochemical Approach to Differentiate Hepatic Lipidosis from Hepatic Phospholipidosis in Rats

Hepatocellular vacuolation can be a diagnostic challenge since cytoplasmic accumulations of various substances (lipid, water, phospholipids, glycogen, and plasma) can have a similar morphology. Cytoplasmic accumulation of phospholipids following administration of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CAD) can be particularly difficult to differentiate from nonphosphorylated lipid accumulations at the light microscopic level. Histochemical methods (Sudan Black, Oil Red-O, Nile Blue, etc.) can be used to identify both nonphosphorylated and/or phosphorylated lipid accumulations, but these techniques require non-paraffin-embedded tissue and are only moderately sensitive. Thus, electron microscopy is often utilized to achieve a definitive diagnosis based upon the characteristic morphologic features of phospholipid accumulations; however, this is a low throughput and labor intense procedure. In this report, we describe the use of immunohistochemical staining for LAMP-2 (a lysosome-associated protein) and adipophilin (a protein that forms the membrane around non-lysosomal lipid droplets) to differentiate phospholipidosis and lipidosis, respectively in the livers of rats. This staining procedure can be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues, is more sensitive than histochemistry, and easier to perform than ultrastructural evaluation.
Evaluation of Reliability of Brittle Components by Thermal Stress Testing

A thermal stressing technique was applied to evaluate two distinct flaw populations (surface and corner) in BaTiO_3 multilayer capacitors. The mechanical reliability of the capacitors was deduced by relating the thermal stress response to the mechanical strength of the material. The surface flaw population alone yields relatively high survival probabilities, whereas incorporation of the corner flaw population severely reduces the probability of survival.
Measurement of the electrical constitutive parameters of materials using antennas, part II

A general technique is presented for measuring the electrical constitutive parameters of a material using a monopole (dipole) antenna. A normalized impedance that is only a function of the dimensionless parameter kh (wavenumber length) is defined for the antenna. The normalized impedance is expressed as a rational function, and the coefficients in this function are determined from a measurement of the impedance in a standard medium. The impedance measured in a material with unknown constitutive parameters is used with the rational function to form a polynomial in kh . The constitutive parameters of the medium are determined from a root of this polynomial. The measurement technique is implemented for a rational function of order three. The constitutive parameters of the alcohol 1-butanol and saline solutions were measured over a range of frequencies using the technique with cylindrical and conical monopole antennas. The measured constitutive parameters are in good agreement with those determined by previous investigators.
A fault-aware dynamic routing algorithm for on-chip networks

Given the spatial and temporal randomness of soft and permanent errors in the state-of-the-art system-on-chips (SoCs), dynamic routing algorithms that can adapt themselves accordingly are highly required for network-on-chip (NoC) applications. In this paper, we present a new dynamic routing algorithm for NoC applications that has the ability to locate and deal with both static and dynamic permanent failures and distinguish them from soft errors. In addition, our presented algorithm has the advantage of distributing the load over the whole network by considering the stress factors. Simulation results demonstrate the advantage of our routing algorithm in terms of functionality, latency, and energy consumption compared to directed flooding based fault tolerant routing algorithms in the presence of both soft errors and permanent faults. Our algorithm can achieves 1.95 times less latency and consumes 3.15 times less energy consumption on average.
Effects of chromatic dispersion in a waveguide Bragg grating prism based true time-delay beamforming module

Phased array antennas (PAAs) is an enabling technology in high-performance radars and wireless communications systems. The technique of photonic true time-delay (TTD) beamforming for these antennas has been studied intensively for the last few years and is considered as a key technique for wideband applications. In this paper, the effects of chromatic dispersion on a photonic TTD beamforming module are presented for the first time. The simulation results consider a true time-delay (TTD) beamforming network using a Bragg grating prism (BGP) on Ge-doped silica-on-silicon planar integrated optical waveguide. The effect of chromatic dispersion is considered on a true time-delay module using chirped Bragg gratings to introduce the time delays
Cell biology of atherosclerosis

The process of atherosclerosis is a life-threatening disease that affects critical organs including the heart and brain. It results from the influence of noxious agents associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, homocysteinemia, and other agents that may, in altering the homeostatic condition of the artery wall, injure the endothelium and smooth muscle. The result is a protective, inflammatory, fibroproliferative response that becomes excessive and in its excess results in the disease process we call atherosclerosis.
Altered Subcellular Distribution of Na+,K+-ATPase in Proximal Tubules in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

During early development of hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) demonstrates increased proximal tubule sodium reabsorption. Our previous observations of reduced Na+,K+-ATPase catalytic alpha1 and gamma subunit transcript abundance in SHR proximal tubule led us to test the hypothesis that increased proximal tubule sodium reabsorption may be attributable to altered subunit protein abundance, post-translational modification, or a shift in subcellular alpha1 and gamma distribution toward the basolateral membrane. We now extend previous gene expression studies by analyzing total cellular alpha1 and gamma protein abundance in proximal tubule from SHR compared with matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. We also used sucrose density-gradient centrifugation to isolate basolateral, early, and late endosomal membrane-enriched fractions as well as cell surface biotinylation to test the hypothesis of altered subunit subcellular distribution in the SHR proximal tubule. At 4 weeks of age, significantly greater amounts of alpha1 were present in basolateral membrane-enriched fractions of SHR than WKY (21.1+/-1.8% versus 12.3+/-1.8%; P<0.005), and there was a concomitant reduction of alpha1 in late endosomal membrane-enriched fractions of SHR (63.3+/-2.7% versus 74.8+/-4.3%; P<0.05). This finding was confirmed in cell surface biotinylation studies that showed higher alpha1 (1.45+/-0.1-fold greater; P<0.05) and gamma-subunit (3.48+/-0.7-fold greater; P<0.01) abundance in 4-week-old SHR proximal tubule plasma membrane compared with matched WKY samples. These studies support the hypothesis that development of hypertension in SHR may involve an altered subcellular distribution of proximal tubule Na+,K+-ATPase subunits.
Simulating Humanitarian Aid Decision Making in International Relations Classrooms

Simulations are an excellent way to introduce and reinforce complex topics for both novices and experienced students in an international relations class. One such topic, the provision of aid in a humanitarian crisis, can be taught through the use of collaborative and active-learning techniques found in a simulation. This article presents a simulation for an international relations course that models and illustrates the challenges that well-meaning decision makers face when determining an appropriate international response in a humanitarian crisis.
A Response to G.B. Bagci's "Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber Collapse Theory and Whiteheadian Process Philosophy"

I examine G.B. Bagci's arguments for the Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) interpretation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics as ideally suited for Whitehead's philosophy. Much of Bagci's claims are in response to Michael Epperson, who argues in the same vein in favor of decoherence accounts (Omnes; Zureck). Pace Epperson, I do not think that decoherence is the final arbiter here, and instead I contrast GRW with several other accounts addressing foundational problems of quantum theory (Finkelstein; Green; Peres and Terno; etc.), which also account for relativistic covariance, while GRW does not. I argue that such latter research programs align themselves in a more convincing manner with Whitehead's scheme, in epistemic as well as metaphysical senses, than GRW.
Enhanced Brillouin scattering in silica via saturable phonon losses

Acoustic dissipation in silica is dominated by defects that act as saturable absorbers at cryogenic temperatures. Using stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy we demonstrate that this loss channel can be mitigated in fiber, enhancing Brillouin gain.
Antigen-specific immunity

Helper T cell-regulated B cell responses constitute a major component of the primary immune response to many pathogens. The subsequent development of antigen-specific immune memory is one critical outcome of this primary adaptive immune response. Antigenspecific immunity develops through a series of intercellular information exchanges organized around cognate T cell receptorpeptide/MHC interactions. Here, we discuss these complex molecular events and their cellular consequences in a serial synapsis model of adaptive immunity. Our laboratory has developed strategies to isolate antigen-specific Th cells and B cells to analyze gene expression and cellular function in single responding lymphocytes directly ex vivo. These studies provide in sight into the regulation and cellular organization of antigen-specific immune responses in vivo.
Effects of nicotinic aicd on induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by chronic ethanol administration.

SummaryThe content of cytochrome P-450 and activities of aniline hydroxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase were determined in the livers of rats fed ethanol and nicotinic acid singly and in combination for 4 weeks. Similar determinations were conducted in livers from rats administered phenobarbital and nicotinic acid alone and in combination for 4 weeks. Both chronic ethanol feeding and phenobarbital administration increased the content of cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylase activity. Glucose-6-phos-phatase activity was elevated by ethanol feeding but not by phenobarbital. Nicotinic acid treatment increased the content of cy-tochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylation in the ethanol-treated but not in the control or phenobarbital-treated animals. Nicotinic acid did not influence the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in either the ethanol- or phenobarbital-treated rats. The results of this study are consistent with the existence of a unique cytochrome P-450 which is induced by ethanol feeding, and the induct...
Anesthetic action of beta-dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (benadryl) in the skin of human beings.

SummaryA study was made of the local anesthetic effect of β-dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (benadryl) when injected into the skin of human beings. The results were as follows: 1. By means of electric algesimetric determinations, benadryl in dilutions of 1:500, 1:1,000, 1:5,000, 1:10,000 and 1:20,000 was found to possess anesthetic potencies similar to those of procaine in dilutions of 1:200, 1:400, 1:800, 1:1,600 and 1:3,200 respectively. 2. Benadryl in concentrations greater than 1:500 (2 mg per cubic centimeter) proved to be exceedingly irritating when injected into human skin, causing tissue necrosis and ulceration in 4 of 10 subjects tested.
REQUIREMENT OF IEC 61850 TO PERFORMANCE OF MESSAGES FOR SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM

The definitions given by IEC 61850 on logical nodes (LNs), PICOM, event time, transfer time, types and performance classes of message are expounded. The requirement of the performance of messages for substation automation systems, the standard IED synchronization and the indices of related values of power system, e.g., the accuracy, harmonic, resolution and sampling rate of voltage and current for different classes are put forward.
The Application of Exploratory Data Analysis in Marketing: An Introduction to Selected Methods

This paper introduces the family of techniques called exploratory data analysis.Unlike classical confirmatory statistics which rely upon strict distributional assumptions, parameter estimation, and hypothesis testing, EDA adopts an informal method of data examination designed to explore the structure of the data.Three representative EDA techniques are introduced and applications to marketing data sets are presented.
Transversely isotropic elastic properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Five independent effective elastic moduli of a transversely isotropic multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) are studied by analyzing its deformations under four loading conditions, i.e., axial tension, torsional moment, in-plane biaxial tension, and in-plane tension-compression stress. Two distributions of the tension loading on the outermost tube and on all tubes are considered, which correspond to the tensile and compressive Young's moduli. The general relations between the interwall stresses and strains are linearized due to the small strain condition, where the interwall stresses correspond to the variation of the interwall van der Waals forces. Three interwall elastic constants are used to characterize the linear relations associated with three basic interwall deformation modes, i.e., normal deformation in radial direction and two shear deformations in axial and circumferential directions. By taking each tube as a single-walled carbon nanotube, the analytical expressions for the interwall shear stress under the tensile loading on the outermost tube and five elastic moduli of a double-walled carbon nanotube are first obtained. Then, a replacement method is proposed to derive the corresponding expressions for the cases of more walls than two. These analytical expressions are plotted for the case of MWNT's composed of armchair tubes, where the interwall elastic constants are approximated as the corresponding ones of the graphite. The effect of the wall number, diameter, chirality, and length of the MWNT on the shear stress and five elastic moduli are displayed and discussed.
Perceived and Actual Change in Religion/Spirituality in Cancer Survivors: Longitudinal Relationships With Distress and Perceived Growth

This observational cohort study examined the relationships between actual and perceived R/S change at 12 months post cancer diagnosis with depression, anxiety, and perceived growth 6 months later. Older adult military veteran cancer survivors (n = 111) completed self-report surveys at 6, 12, and 18 months post cancer diagnosis. Perceived R/S change was assessed at 12 months postdiagnosis with "Have your religious or spiritual beliefs changed as a result of your cancer" (more R/S, less R/S, other). Actual R/S change was assessed at 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis on a single item, "I have faith in God or a Higher Power" (no, somewhat, yes). A notable minority reported perceived (18.9%) and actual (14.4%) change. Greater perceived R/S change predicted more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety and greater perceived growth at 18 months postdiagnosis; perceived growth was positively associated with anxiety. Cancer survivors who report R/S changes may benefit from spiritual and/or psychological support.
Numerical simulation of fatigue behavior for cable-stayed orthotropic steel deck bridges using mixed-dimensional coupling method

Effective methods and technologies in fatigue behavior and assessment for cable-stayed orthotropic steel deck bridges are critical to ensure their safety and serviceability. In this study, a mixed-dimensional finite element coupling method is used for structural fatigue assessment. A general framework of the Mix-dimensional Coupling (MDC) method is constructed on the basis of a compromise between simplicity and efficiency as compared to conventional sub-modeling or substructure method. Fatigue details and performance at welded joints have been investigated through the MDC method. Efficiency of the MDC method is demonstrated by a comparison with the simplified Bridge-deck-system (BDS) method. Besides the benefits of the saving time, the numerical simulation also indicated that the MDC method can effectively capture the global behavior for better fatigue prediction, that be ignored in the conventional BDS method as expected. Findings suggest that the MDC method is a cost-effective alternative for fatigue behavior and fatigue assessment of large-span orthotropic steel deck bridges.
Autism and Mind-Body Therapies: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background: Mind–body therapies are often used by people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, there has been little examination into which types of mind–body therapies have been investigated for people with ASD and for what purposes. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the existing evidence for mind–body therapies for people with ASD, particularly to determine the types of mind–body therapies used and the outcomes that are targeted. Methods: PubMed, PsychInfo, and Scopus were searched using terms for ASD and mind–body therapies. Sixteen studies were selected for review; these studies tested interventions using mindfulness, meditation, yoga, Nei Yang Gong, and acceptance commitment therapy. Most study outcomes targeted behavior, psychological symptoms, and quality of life for children and adults with ASD as well as their parents. Results: There was little overlap between studies on the types of mind–body therapies used and associated outcomes, and only three of the studies were...
Defining hip fracture with claims data: outpatient and provider claims matter.

Medicare claims are commonly used to identify hip fractures, but there is no universally accepted definition. We found that a definition using inpatient claims identified fewer fractures than a definition including outpatient and provider claims. Few additional fractures were identified by including inconsistent diagnostic and procedural codes at contiguous sites. INTRODUCTION Medicare claims data is commonly used in research studies to identify hip fractures, but there is no universally accepted definition of fracture. Our purpose was to describe potential misclassification when hip fractures are defined using Medicare Part A (inpatient) claims without considering Part B (outpatient and provider) claims and when inconsistent diagnostic and procedural codes occur at contiguous fracture sites (e.g., femoral shaft or pelvic). METHODS Participants included all long-stay nursing home residents enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B fee-for-service between 1/1/2008 and 12/31/2009 with follow-up through 12/31/2011. We compared the number of hip fractures identified using only Part A claims to (1) Part A plus Part B claims and (2) Part A and Part B claims plus discordant codes at contiguous fracture sites. RESULTS Among 1,257,279 long-stay residents, 40,932 (3.2%) met the definition of hip fracture using Part A claims, and 41,687 residents (3.3%) met the definition using Part B claims. 4566 hip fractures identified using Part B claims would not have been captured using Part A claims. An additional 227 hip fractures were identified after considering contiguous fracture sites. CONCLUSIONS When ascertaining hip fractures, a definition using outpatient and provider claims identified 11% more fractures than a definition with only inpatient claims. Future studies should publish their definition of fracture and specify if diagnostic codes from contiguous fracture sites were used.
Patenting Velocity and Market Signaling

With less than 3% of patents making money, investors are left in the dark as to what the real value of patents is. To secure a positive market valuation, firms use the behavior and the velocity of their patenting activity to fill this informational gap. In this study we define patenting velocity as firms’ frequency in patenting and claim that the real value of patenting activity resides in the signal sent to investors. Results from 203 US technology-intensive firms indicate that exploration and exploitation patenting trajectories have opposing effects on firms’ market value with high velocity patenting boosting this effect and ambidextrous patenting diminishing it.
OLIGOSACCHARIDE PROCESSING DURING GLYCOPROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on oligosaccharide processing during glycoprotein biosynthesis. The oligosaccharides share a common core structure but differ in their outer branches. Biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide units is initiated by the “en bloc” transfer of a preformed oligosaccharide from an oligosaccharide pyrophosphoryldolichol intermediate to an asparagine residue of the nascent polypeptide chain. It has been demonstrated that the synthesis of complex-type oligosaccharides involves the transfer of a glucose-containing high mannose-type oligosaccharide from the lipid carrier to the nascent polypeptide and that following transfer to the protein the oligosaccharide is processed by the removal of glucose and mannose residues. This chapter presents a study of oligosaccharide processing in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected Chinese hamster ovary cells. This virus contains a single glycoprotein—termed G—which has two complex-type oligosaccharides. VSV-infected Chinese hamster ovary cells synthesize a lipid-linked oligosaccharide. This oligosaccharide has three branches, one of which contains three glucose residues. The glucose residues probably function as a signal for transfer of the oligosaccharide to the nascent protein.
Cooperative Small Groups: A Method for Teaching Problem Solving.

with perhaps a demonstration and lots of individual seat work on practice problems. Children's thinking may be limited by these methods when the problems require higher-order thinking. In our work with upper elementary aged children, we have found that organizing the class into threeand four-member groups that are trained to work cooperatively can provide an instructional setting effective for improving students' problem-solving skills.
The "Data Visualization Clinic": a library-led critique workshop for data visualization.

Background: The authors’ main university library and affiliated academic medical center library sought to increase library programming around data visualization, a new service area for both libraries. Additionally, our institution is home to many researchers with a strong interest in data visualization but who are generally working in isolation of one another. Case Presentation: This case study describes an innovative workshop, the “Data Visualization Clinic,” where members of our library’s community bring in data visualization projects such as figures in papers, projects hosted online, and handouts and receive constructive feedback from a group of peers. The authors detail the process of hosting a clinic and the feedback that we received from participants. Conclusions: The “Data Visualization Clinic” offers a viable workshop to leverage expertise of library users and build the library’s reputation as a hub of data visualization services without heavy investment in infrastructure like special monitors or coding skills. That said, it faces the challenge of relying on the participation of the broader community, which is often pressed for time. The event can also serve as an opportunity for researchers who have an interest in data visualization to meet and network.
The Unwound Cochlea: A Specific Imaging Marker of Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Branchio-oto-renal syndrome is an important syndromic cause of hearing loss. Our aim was to determine the test characteristics of the unwound cochlea on temporal bone CT for the diagnosis of branchio-oto-renal syndrome in a cohort of children with hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were identified retrospectively with a clinical diagnosis of branchio-oto-renal syndrome and CT imaging of the temporal bones. Age-matched controls were also identified with sensorineural hearing loss not related to a diagnosis of branchio-oto-renal syndrome and CT imaging of the temporal bones. All examinations were reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists blinded to the diagnosis of branchio-oto-renal syndrome versus controls for the absence/presence of an unwound cochlea defined as anteromedial rotation and displacement of the middle and apical turns away from the basal turn. RESULTS: The final study group comprised 9 patients with branchio-oto-renal syndrome (age range, 1–14 years; mean age, 8.0 ± 4.3 years) and 50 control patients (age range, 1–16 years; mean age, 7.9 ± 4.1 years). The cochlea was subjectively abnormal in all 9 patients. In 8 patients (89%), imaging demonstrated a typical unwound cochlear morphology. By contrast, none of the control subjects demonstrated an unwound cochlea on either side. Statistically, the unwound cochlea was significantly more frequent in the branchio-oto-renal group compared with controls ( P CONCLUSIONS: The unwound cochlea is a specific imaging marker of branchio-oto-renal syndrome. These findings further support the diagnostic accuracy and therefore the utility of temporal bone imaging in the diagnosis of this disorder.
Wind Beneath My Wings: Factors Supporting Women's Productive Entrepreneurial Activity

Productive entrepreneurial activity translates the ideas, creativity and skill sets of women who exploit market opportunities into high potential, high growth ventures. This in turn generates job c...
How Do I Manage This

Cybersecurity risk is ubiquitous and so there is a need to manage it as such, at the enterprise level. Management strategy begins with an understanding of business fundamentals: mission, vision, and core values. These fundamentals are not simply part of management strategy; they comprise the success criteria to which strategy itself is compared. Management strategy lays out detailed business objectives that correspond to goals, and develops plans for how they will be achieved. As an organization makes business plans, risk is a key consideration in evaluating and selecting from alternative management strategies. Decision makers need to recognize the technology associated with any business strategy may be exposed to cyberattack. Cybersecurity risk management at the level of the enterprise therefore begins with understanding and communicating how technology supports strategy. The structure and function of the enterprise governance function provide the key linkage to enable organizations to execute strategy; effective governance guides the movement of the organization toward strategic goals.
Abstract TP359: Reducing Door-In-Door-Out Time for Stroke Using Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis

Background: Shorter time from symptom onset to thrombectomy is associated with better stroke patient outcomes. Despite this urgency, stroke patients transferred from PSC to CSCs experience treatmen...
Surface Statistics of an Unknown Language Indicate How to Parse It

We introduce a novel framework for delexicalized dependency parsing in a new language. We show that useful features of the target language can be extracted automatically from an unparsed corpus, wh...
The dawn of non-Hermitian optics

Recent years have seen a tremendous progress in the theory and experimental implementations of non-Hermitian photonics, including all-lossy optical systems as well as parity-time symmetric systems consisting of both optical loss and gain. This progress has led to a host of new intriguing results in the physics of light–matter interactions with promising potential applications in optical sciences and engineering. In this comment, we present a brief perspective on the developments in this field and discuss possible future research directions that can benefit from the notion of non-Hermitian engineering. The concept of non-Hermitian parity-time reversal symmetry in optics has given rise to a vast amount of research aimed at exploring some of the exotic features displayed by photonics systems. The authors present a brief account of the state-of-the-art on non-Hermitian photonics and provide their perspective on the topic.
Crude Oil and Dispersant Cause Acute Clinicopathological Abnormalities in Hatchling Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)

Following the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon MC252 oil rig in 2010, 319 live sea turtles exposed to crude oil and oil-dispersant (Corexit) combinations were admitted to rehabilitation centers for decontamination and treatment. Treatment of oiled sea turtles was guided by expected physiological and pathological effects of crude oil exposure extrapolated from studies in other species and from a single loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) study. While invaluable starting points, inherent limitations to extrapolation, and small sample size of the experimental exposure study, reduce their utility for clinical guidance and for assessing oil spill impacts. Effects of dispersants were not included in the previous experimental exposure study, and cannot be effectively isolated in the analysis of field data from actual spills. A terminal study of pivotal temperature of sex determination using eggs salvaged from doomed loggerhead nests provided an opportunity for an ancillary exposure study to investigate the acute effects of crude oil, dispersant, and a crude oil/dispersant combination in sea turtle hatchlings. Eggs were incubated at 27.2 – 30.8 °C, and hatchlings were randomly assigned to control, oil, dispersant, and combined oil/dispersant exposures for 1 day or 4 days. Contaminant exposures were started after a 3 day post-hatching period simulating nest emergence. Turtles were placed in individual glass bowls containing aged seawater and exposed to oil (Gulf Coast – Mixed Crude Oil Sweet, CAS #8002-05-9, 0.833 mL/L) and/or dispersant (Corexit 9500A, 0.083 mL/L), replicating concentrations encountered during oil spills and subsequent response. Statistically significant differences between treatments and non-exposed controls were detected for PCV, AST, uric acid, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, globulin, potassium and sodium. The principal dyscrasias reflected acute osmolar, electrolyte and hydration challenges that were more numerous and greater in combined oil/dispersant exposures at 4 days. Clinicopathological findings were supported by a failure to gain weight (associated with normal hatchling hydration in seawater) in dispersant and combination exposed hatchlings. These findings can help guide clinical response for sea turtles exposed to crude oil and crude oil/dispersant combinations, and indicate potential impacts on wildlife to consider when deploying dispersants in an oil spill response.
Charting the road ahead: toward a scholarly history society

Serving as editor of Journal of Tourism History and of Cornell University Press’s new Histories and Cultures of Tourism book series offers an interesting bird’s eye view of our field. I enjoy the o...