cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ocean Circulation: Wind-Driven and Thermohaline Processes

The interaction between ocean circulation and climate change has been an active research frontier in Earth sciences in recent years. Ocean circulation, and its related geophysical fluid dynamical principles, are now taught at graduate level in many Earth and atmospheric science departments. This is the first advanced textbook to discuss both wind-driven and thermohaline-driven processes – two important aspects of large-scale ocean circulation. It provides a concise introduction to the dynamics and thermodynamics of oceanic general circulation. This includes sea water thermodynamics and the energetics of the ocean circulation; an exhaustive theory of wind-driven circulation; thermohaline circulation with discussions on water mass formation/erosion, deep circulation, and the hydrological cycle; and interactions between wind-driven and thermohaline circulation. Highly illustrated to help the reader establish a clear mental picture of the physical principles involved, the book is invaluable for advanced courses in ocean circulation and as a reference for oceanographers and Earth scientists.
On Lie groups and hyperbolic symmetry—From Kunze–Stein phenomena to Riesz potentials

Abstract Sharp forms of Kunze–Stein phenomena on S L ( 2 , R ) are obtained by using symmetrization and Stein–Weiss potentials. A new structural proof with remarkable simplicity can be given on S L ( 2 , R ) which effectively transfers the analysis from the group to the symmetric space corresponding to a manifold with negative curvature. Our methods extend to include the Lorentz groups and n -dimensional hyperbolic space through application of the Riesz–Sobolev rearrangement inequality. A new framework is developed for Riesz potentials on semisimple symmetric spaces and the semi-direct product of groups analogous to the Iwasawa decomposition for semisimple Lie groups. Extensions to higher-rank Lie groups and analysis on multidimensional connected hyperboloids including anti de Sitter space are suggested by the analysis outlined here.
Insights into the biological foundation of human altruistic sentiments

Abstract The contributions of biology versus socialization practices to the emergence of human altruism have been the focus of a long-standing debate. New research on the development and evolution of helping behaviors provides important insight into the origins of our altruistic psychology. Current empirical evidence shows that both young children and chimpanzees instrumentally help others struggling with a problem — suggesting that basic forms of altruism are based upon a biological predisposition with shared evolutionary roots. In humans, the internalization of social norms and moral education can then build upon this early emerging predisposition.
Performance degradation of OFDM system over time-varying fading channel

The paper considers the performance degradation of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over frequency-selective time-varying fading channels. The time variations of the channel during one OFDM frame destroy the orthogonality of the different subcarriers and generate power leakage among the subcarriers, known as intercarrier interference (ICI). A novel and suitable channel model for OFDM is introduced and serves as the basis for the derivation of the ICI. The bivariate probability density function (PDF) of the ICI is shown to be a weighted Gaussian mixture. A two-dimensional Gram-Charlier representation for the bivariate probability density of the ICI is established; it is shown that its truncated version, of order 4,6, provides a very good approximation. Finally, the degradation in the performance of OFDM resulting from Doppler effects caused by a time-varying, frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel is obtained by averaging the approximated ICI statistics over the fading channel statistics.
Loss of lactose metabolism in lactic streptococci.

Lactose-negative mutants occurred spontaneously in broth cultures of Streptococcus lactis C2F. Instability of lactose metabolism was noted in other strains of S. lactis, in strains of S. cremoris, and in S. diacetilactis. Colonies of S. lactis C2F grown with lactose as the carbohydrate source also possessed lac- cells. Treatment of lactic streptococci with the mutagen acriflavine (AF) increased the number of non-lactose-fermenting variants. The effect of AF on growth and on loss of lactose-fermenting ability in S. lactis C2F was consequently further examined. The presence of AF appears to favor competitively the growth of spontaneously occurring lactose-negative cells and appears to act in the conversion of lactose-positive to non-lactose-fermenting cells. The lactose-negative mutants partially revert to lactose-positive variants which remain defective in lactose metabolism and remain unable to coagulate milk. The lactose-negative cells become dominant in continuous culture growth and provide evidence that alterations in the characteristics of starter strains can be produced by continuous culture, in this case, the complete loss in ability to ferment lactose.
Distributed sensing for quickest change detection of point radiation sources

We consider the problem of distributed detection of a radioactive source using a network of emission count sensors. Sensor nodes observe their environment and a central fusion node attempts to detect a change in the joint probability distribution due to the appearance of a hazardous source at an unknown time and location. We consider a minimax-type distributed change-point detection problem that minimizes detection delay for a desired false alarm rate. A statistical model of the radiation source detection problem is formulated where sensors observations are correlated with non-identical distributions. We first derive a centralized detection algorithm that is asymptotically optimal for vanishing false alarm rate. Then we analyze the performance loss, as measured by the detection latency, when sensor counts are quantized at each sensor node. The detection latency of the centralized rule provides a lower bound on performance for the proposed distributed method. The empirical results indicate that the distributed detection strategy provides a reasonable tradeoff between latency and information bandwidth.
An Algorithm for the Implementation of Replicated Tables

A table is an abstract data type that supports the three operations, insert, delete, and find. Such an ADT has wide applications in distributed databases and distributed file systems. In the last several years, several distributed systems that make use of tables have been implemented.
Small spheres for lesion detection phantoms

Small spheres are frequently used in radioactive phantoms to investigate lesion detectability and quantitation accuracy. The surrounding walls of fillable spheres displace background solution, and therefore reduce the apparent radioactivity concentration in the region of the sphere. For comparison purposes, this is not a problem, but to understand scanner capabilities in a more absolute way, it is desirable to have wall-less radioactive spheres of arbitrary size. The wall thickness is particularly important for small spheres, where partial volume effects are important. We have developed a technique of adding /sup 18/F and /sup 99m/Tc to wax, from which can be made radioactive spheres of arbitrary size down to a few millimeter diameter. The wax can be diluted to achieve any radioactivity concentration. The molten wax is measured volumetrically to achieve the desired sphere size. The hydrophobic nature of wax prevents the dissolving of the wax loss of radioactivity in the background, and collection of background radioactivity into the wax. A pipette with preheated tip can be used for repeated measurement of 0.0141 microliter (3 mm diameter) allotments with less than 3% variation in volume (standard error). The technique was demonstrated in a phantom with both wax (10, 8, 7, 6, 5, and 4 mm diameters) and fillable (10, 8, and 6 mm diameters) spheres at an 8:1 sphere/background radioactivity concentration in a 20 cm diameter phantom imaged in a dedicated PET scanner. The images demonstrate the increased apparent activity and detectability in a non-walled sphere, compared to the same sized fillable sphere. This technique provides a relatively simple way to produce wall-less radioactive spheres of any size, using materials and equipment found in any PET facility.
Contemporary approaches to neural circuit manipulation and mapping: focus on reward and addiction

Tying complex psychological processes to precisely defined neural circuits is a major goal of systems and behavioural neuroscience. This is critical for understanding adaptive behaviour, and also how neural systems are altered in states of psychopathology, such as addiction. Efforts to relate psychological processes relevant to addiction to activity within defined neural circuits have been complicated by neural heterogeneity. Recent advances in technology allow for manipulation and mapping of genetically and anatomically defined neurons, which when used in concert with sophisticated behavioural models, have the potential to provide great insight into neural circuit bases of behaviour. Here we discuss contemporary approaches for understanding reward and addiction, with a focus on midbrain dopamine and cortico-striato-pallidal circuits.
The Bordetella pertussis Bps polysaccharide enhances lung colonization by conferring protection from complement-mediated killing.

Summary Bordetella pertussis is a human-restricted Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes whooping cough or pertussis. Pertussis is the leading vaccine preventable disease that is resurging in the USA and other parts of the developed world. There is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which B. pertussis evades killing and clearance by the complement system, a first line of host innate immune defence. The present study examined the role of the Bps polysaccharide to resist complement activity in vitro and in the mouse respiratory tract. The isogenic bps mutant strain containing a large non-polar in-frame deletion of the bpsA–D locus was more sensitive to serum and complement mediated killing than the WT strain. As determined by Western blotting, flow cytometry and electron microscopic studies, the heightened sensitivity of the mutant strain was due to enhanced deposition of complement proteins and the formation of membrane attack complex, the end-product of complement activation. Bps was sufficient to confer complement resistance as evidenced by a Bps-expressing Escherichia coli being protected by serum killing. Additionally, Western blotting and flow cytometry assays revealed that Bps inhibited the deposition of complement proteins independent of other B. pertussis factors. The bps mutant strain colonized the lungs of complement-deficient mice at higher levels than that observed in C57Bl/6 mice. These results reveal a previously unknown interaction between Bps and the complement system in controlling B. pertussis colonization of the respiratory tract. These findings also make Bps a potential target for the prevention and therapy of whooping cough.
Volatility and Extractability of Strontium-85, Cesium-134, Cobalt-57, and Uranium after Heating Hardened Portland Cement Paste

The objective of this preliminary investigation is to determine the effect of heating hardened Portland cement paste (the cementitious component of concrete) in aiding the removal of common radionuclide contaminants including 137 Cs, 90 Sr, 60 Co, and U. Direct volatilization of radionuclides during heating as well as subsequent behaviors during extractions were established over a range of temperatures up to the melting point of Portland cement paste. Techniques for spiking pulverized Portland cement paste with shorter-lived radioisotopes ( 134 Cs, 35 Sr, and 57 Co) and U were developed using gamma-ray spectroscopy to measure their activity nondestructively before and after heating. An extraction procedure (employing five sequential extractions each with water, followed by 0.1 N CaCl 2 , followed by 0.2 N HCl) for pulverized but fully hydrated Portland cement paste was adapted to contrast behaviors after thermal treatments. Complete volatility of 134 Cs was observed at temperatures of 1200°C or greater. Thus, decontamination of 137 Cs from cement paste would be feasible by direct heating. However, no volatility of other radionuclides was observed, and, thus, their potential for facilitated decontamination will likely depend on their extraction behavior following thermal perturbation. Both 134 Cs and 85 Sr were readily removed from cement paste during initial water-based extractions for final temperatures <800°C. In contrast, both 57 Co and U exhibited negligible extractability into either water or 0.1 N CaCl 2 probably resulting from their precipitation as hydroxides in the highly alkaline Portland cement paste extracts where pHs were usually greater than 10. The release of both these radionuclides was delayed until sequential 0.2 N HCl extracts decreased the pH below 4. Significant patterns in the extraction behaviors of all radionuclides with temperature were observed in ranges where significant mineral alterations are known to occur.
Adaptive filtering and Fractional Fourier transform for ultrasonic signal processsing and flaw detection

In this investigation, an adaptive filter algorithm using Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) has been developed for enhancement of targets in microstructure noise. In particular, the FrFT is introduced as a transformation tool to prepare ultrasonic signals for a more compact support. It also reduces the non-stationarity of signals. Furthermore, a normalized least mean square (NLMS) filter is applied on the transformed signal to suppress the grain noise. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, various experimental ultrasonic data sets are acquired from a large grained specimen with embedded defects. A 5-MHz broadband transducer is utilized for data acquisition. The proposed algorithm is applied to discriminate defects in presence of high grain scattering noise. The experimental study shows that the algorithm greatly reduces grain noise and improves the signal-to-grain-noise ratio by about 12 dB. With the help of FrFT and the NLMS filter, the algorithm successfully identifies defects embedded in grain noise. This type of study can broaden the scope of applying adaptive filter in material evaluation and target detection.
Metal-Ligand Bonding in Coinage Metal-Phosphine Complexes: The Synthesis and Structure of Some Low-Coordinate Silver(I)-Phosphine Complexes.

Reaction of AgBF(4) with 2 equiv of Ph(3)P in acetonitrile followed by recrystallization from dichloromethane/hexane yields the mixed phosphine-nitrile complex [(Ph(3)P)(2)AgNCCH(3)]BF(4) (I) as its dichloromethane solvate, I.0.5CH(2)Cl(2). This solvate crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 22.928(5), b = 12.700(3), c = 25.156(5) A, beta = 97.53(3) degrees, and Z = 8. The acetonitrile ligand in I is loosely bound to the metal center and easily lost, even in the solid state, without decomposition. Hence, recrystallization of dried samples of I.0.5CH(2)Cl(2) from CH(2)Cl(2)/hexane results in isolation of the novel low-coordinate phosphine complex [(Ph(3)P)(2)Ag]BF(4) (II). II crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 21.733(9), b = 12.272(4), c = 24.356(9) A, beta = 95.01(3) degrees, and Z = 8. In both cases, a weak interaction is present between a fluorine atom of the BF(4)(-) anion and the silver cation. However, these interactions appear to be essentially electrostatic rather than dative in nature, implying that I is best considered a three-coordinate silver complex and that II is a rare, structurally characterized example of a two-coordinate silver-phosphine complex. These solid-state geometric assignments are supported by (31)P NMR studies, which reveal a Ag-P coupling constant of 550 Hz for II, consistent with the presence of a linear two-coordinate complex in solution. The NMR data also indicate that the phosphine ligands are involved in exchange processes, which are accelerated by the presence of a donor solvent such as acetonitrile. Comparison of II with its gold analogue supports the previously stated concept that gold atoms are smaller than silver atoms. An analysis of 13 other isostructural pairs of silver and gold complexes culled from the crystallographic database lends further support to this concept.
Glueballs in the dielectric vacuum model.

Static glueballs can be formed in the context of the dielectric vacuum model of QCD only if regions with dielectric constants of both signs are allowed. These states have zero energy. In the simplest topology, only a sphere surrounded by a spherical shell is allowed, with the relative thickness of the shell as well as the allowed values of the dielectric constant determined.
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum: Diagnosis with fat suppressed MR imaging

We present a case of a 50-year-old female evaluated for a 1-year history of numbness of the first and second toe of the right foot. Echocardiography performed in order to exclude cardiovascular compromise revealed a granular mass originating from the posterior part of the interatrial septum. On subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fat suppression sequences, the final diagnosis of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, a benign and under-recognized condition characterized by septal accumulation of fatty tissue, was made. Although no previous reports have focused on this, tailored cardiac MR with fat suppression sequences proved to be an excellent noninvasive method in assessing an accurate diagnosis and in differentiating lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum from other cardiac neoplasms.
A software metric system for module coupling

Abstract Low module coupling is considered to be a desirable quality for modular programs to have. Previously, coupling has been defined subjectively and not quantified, making it difficult to use in practice. In this article, we extend previous work to reflect newer programming languages and quantify coupling by developing a general software metric system that allows us to automatically measure coupling. We have precisely defined the levels of coupling so that they can be determined algorithmically, incorporated the notion of direction into the coupling levels, and accounted for different types of nonlocal variables present in modern programming languages. With our system, we can measure the coupling between all pairs of modules in a system, measure the coupling of a particular module with all other modules in a system, and measure the coupling of an entire system. We have implemented our metric system so that it measures the coupling between pairs of procedures in arbitrary C programs and have analyzed several well-used systems of various sizes.
Interferon treatment for hypereosinophilic syndromes and systemic mastocytosis.

Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) and systemic mastocytosis (SMCD) are heterogeneous disorders with clinical symptoms from local and remote effects of excessive proliferation of eosinophils and mast c
Orbital Analysis of Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer and Oxidation in (NH3)5RuL2+ Complexes: Effective t2g Orbital Ordering and the Role of Ligand π and π* Orbitals

Both metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and oxidation (ionization) processes have been investigated for (NH3)5RuL2+ complexes with L = pyridine, pyrazine, and protonated pyrazine. Calculations ...
Aquatic hazard assessment of the organophosphate insecticide fonofos.

This study determined the acute and chronic toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide fonofos to standard freshwater aquatic organisms under laboratory conditions. Fonofos was acutely toxic to bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), Daphnia (D. magna), and midge (Chironomous riparius) at 5.3, 2.7, and 39 μg/L, respectively. Three fonofos formulations (technical, 94.8% A.I.; 20G, field granular 20% A.I.; and 4E, field liquid 4#/gal A.I.) exhibited similar acute toxicities to bluegill. Exposure to fonofos delayed reproduction and decreased the intrinsic rate of increase of Daphnia during 21-d chronic exposure at the lowest tested concentration (0.08 μg/L). The no observable effect concentration (NOEC) for Daphnia survival was 0.42 μg/L; 0% survival occurred at the lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of 1.45 μg/L. The NOEC for midge emergence was 3.42 μg/L; only 34% emergence occurred at the LOEC of 8.24 μg/L. Chronic 30-d exposure of juvenile bluegills decreased growth and survival at 5.65 μg/L (LOEC), but no effects occurred at 2.33 μg/L (NOEC). The relative hazard of fonofos to aquatic life is similar to other carbamate and organophosphate corn insecticides.
The role of Fas and related death receptors in autoimmune and other disease states

The Fas receptor, also known as APO-1 or CD95, has emerged as a key initiator of apoptotic programmed cell death in a variety of cell types. CD4+ T cells are unique in their ability to commit “suicide” by stimulating their own Fas receptors with secreted or membrane-bound Fas ligand. This takes place in the setting of repeated stimulation with T-cell antigens and is thought to be a mechanism for controlling the expansion of T cells during viral infections and autoimmune disease states. T cells can also trigger apoptosis in B cells, macrophages, and other cell types through Fas ligand. These interactions negatively regulate the immune system but can also contribute to immunopathology, as occurs in Fas-mediated damage of target tissues in hepatitis and other organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The dual role of Fas in the immune response complicates the understanding of its role in disease states and may limit its potential as a therapeutic target. Despite the many roles of Fas in immunoregulation, findings in experimental mouse strains and human patients with genetic deficiencies in the Fas pathway have shown that the main result of disrupting this pathway in vivo is systemic autoimmunity and a predisposition toward lymphoid malignancies. The role of Fas in various cell types and the lessons we have learned from Fas-deficient patients with the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome will be discussed. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:729-38.)
Development of a Semi-synthetic Dataset as a Testbed for Big-Data Semantic Analytics

We have developed a large semi-synthetic, semantically rich dataset, modeled after the medical record of a large medical institution. Using the highly diverse data.gov data repository and a multivariate data augmentation strategy, we can generate arbitrarily large semi-synthetic datasets which can be used to test new algorithms and computational platforms. The construction process and basic data characterization are described. The databases, as well as code for data collection, consolidation, and augmentation are available for distribution.
Using Number of Reports Adjusted for Exposure (NRAE) to Measure Child Maltreatment

The purpose of the present study is to suggest an alternative method of quantifying child maltreatment. The number of reports of child abuse and neglect to the North Carolina Department of Social Services was adjusted for the amount of time the child lived in the state and was therefore exposed to possible reporting to create the number of reports adjusted for exposure (NRAE). NRAE was then used as the dependent variable in a Poisson regression with information from 741 mothers interviewed in-depth shortly after the birth of a child. The analysis resulted in the identification of several additional predictors of child maltreatment.
Effect of abstinence challenge on brain function and cognition in smokers differs by COMT genotype.

Effect of abstinence challenge on brain function and cognition in smokers differs by COMT genotype
Occultation of Epsilon Geminorum by Mars. III - Temperature structure of the Martian upper atmosphere

High-quality photoelectric observations of the April 8, 1976, occultation of Epsilon Gem by Mars are analyzed which were obtained at five different observatories. Temperature profiles are derived by numerical inversion of the star's light curves and found to be in mutual agreement. This is taken as evidence for the presence of strong atmospheric waves in the Martial upper atmosphere between number densities of 10 to the 13th and 10 to the 15th per cu cm. It is estimated that the vertical wavelength is about 20 km, the horizontal wavelength is greater than 600 km, and the peak-to-peak wave amplitude is approximately 40 K. The results are shown to be qualitatively consistent with Zurek's (1976) model of thermally driven tidal modes. No compelling evidence for turbulence effects is found in the occultation data.
The Short Health Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Construct Validity in a Non-clinical Sample

Contemporary conceptualizations of hypochondriasis (HC) as severe health anxiety have led to the development of cognitive-behavioral approaches to understanding, assessing, and treating this problem. The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) is a new instrument that measures cognitive factors associated with HC. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the SHAI in a large sample of medically healthy university students. We also examined the scale's convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. Results indicated that the SHAI has good psychometric properties and contains three factors that assess the perceived likelihood and perceived severity of becoming ill, and body vigilance. Facets of health anxiety uniquely predicted increased safety-seeking behavior and medical utilization, behaviors that are commonly observed in HC. Results are discussed in terms of the cognitive-behavioral model of HC.
Carbon nanotube vee dipole antennas for optical applications

This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of a Vee dipole antenna operating in the near infra-red and optical frequency regimes. Antenna properties, such as far-field radiation patterns, coupling coefficient, measured by the scattering parameter S11, and directivity are provided. The resonance and directivity behavior of the optical Vee dipole, which is based on Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT), are investigated by varying the dipole length in order to exploit the effective operating frequency in the near infra-red range (~120 to 400 THz) and the visible light range (~400- 750 THz). Moreover, a parametric study aimed at optimizing the antenna directivity is performed by varying the angle between the two arms of the dipole using CST Microwave Studio simulation software which is based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). The proposed antenna achieved a directivity 3.767 dB higher than the traditional dipole in the visible regime while maintaining the same directivity in the near infrared regime.
Three Dimensional Finite Element Vector Potential Formulation of Magnetic Fields in Electrical Apparatus

The three dimensional magnetic vector potential (m.v.p.) variational formulation for magnetostatic field problems, with ideal current carrying conductors is given. An appropriate functional was chosen for this class of problems. Variational techniques were used to prove that the chosen functional is stationary whenever the partial differential equations, the Neumann, and the specified Dirichlet boundary conditions are satisfied, within and on the boundary of the volume under investigation, respectively. The finite element method is used to obtain a numerical approximation of the stationary point of the functional. A three dimensional discretization scheme involving first order tetrahedral elements was used to implement the method. The m. v. p. at each of the four tetrahedral vertices (nodes) has three degrees of freedom (or components) in the x, y and z directions due to the three dimensional nature of the field.
Stem cells in the trabecular meshwork: Present and future promises

Primary open-angle glaucoma is recognized as a disease of aging, and studies show a relationship between aging and trabecular meshwork (TM) cell density. Human TM cell division occurs primarily in the anterior, non-filtering region. A commonly used glaucoma treatment, laser trabeculoplasty (LTP), triggers and increases cell division, as well as cell migration of these anterior TM cells. These freshly-divided migrating cells repopulate the burned laser sites, suggesting that they are stem cells. Several studies concerning this putative TM stem cell will be discussed.
A coarse grain model for n-alkanes parameterized from surface tension data

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out in a systematic manner to develop a coarse grain model for multiple-of-three carbon n-alkanes. The procedure involves optimizing harmonic bond and bend parameters, and Lennard-Jones nonbonded parameters, to match observables taken from fully atomistic simulations and from experiment. The experimental values used consist of surface tension and bulk density data. Scaling relations are introduced to allow for the representation of the remaining n-alkanes. As n increases these relations converge to the multiple-of-three carbon values. The model is assessed by comparing it to both fully atomistic simulation and experimental data which was not used in the fitting procedure.
Women's perceptions of their social roles after heart surgery and coronary angioplasty.

Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to describe the influence of physical health on social role perceptions, role performance, and role balance in women after heart surgery and coronary angioplasty. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used. Setting: The study was undertaken at a Midwestern community hospital. Sample: The study considered 58 midlife and older women who had received heart surgery or coronary angioplasty. Outcome Measures: The following measures were used: Inventory of Adult Role Behavior, Role Discrepancy Measure, Role Balance Measure, and Salient Social Roles Measure. Results: Women in poorer health had lower role performance and more negative role perceptions. In general, the balance of rewards and concerns in roles rated most important were not affected by health status. Conclusion: Dimensions of women’s social roles are related to physical health after heart surgery and angioplasty. Knowledge about the effect of physical health on women’s social role experiences is important information for clinicians who care for women with heart disease. If a woman can be helped to achieve better functional health to perform role and daily living tasks, she may feel more positive about her current and future health states. (Heart Lung® 2001;30:117-27.)
The solubility of calcite in seawater solutions of various magnesium concentration, It = 0.697 m at 25 °C and one atmosphere total pressure

Abstract Stoichiometric solubility constants of calcite in initially supersaturated solutions of various magnesium to calcium concentration ratios but identical ionic strength were determined at 25°C and one atmosphere total pressure. The thermodynamic solubility constant of calcite is used with ion pairing equations to interpret the data reported in this study. Results indicate that even though magnesian calcites, rather than pure calcite, precipitate from seawater solutions containing magnesium ions, the incorporation of MgCO3 in the calcite crystal lattice does not extensively alter the equilibrium calcium carbonate activity product. The equilibrium activity of the ionic species in solution and the composition of magnesian calcite overgrowths precipitated from solutions of similar composition are used to calculate the solubility of magnesian calcites. The values for magnesian calcite solubilities obtained by this approach are lower than those obtained from the dissolution kinetics of biogenic carbonates.
Does artemis end the hunt for the hairpin-opening activity in V(D)J recombination?

Abstract When complexed with the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK cs ), the recently discovered dsDNA break repair protein named Artemis acquires the ability to open hairpin DNA molecules in vitro. Both genetic and biochemical data point toward a physiological role for this complex as the elusive hairpin-opening activity in V(D)J recombination.
Training Future Academic Advisors: One Model of a Pre-Service Approach.

One of the most important components of an effective advising program is welltrained academic advisors. Traditionally, we think of training advisors after they are working as faculty or full-time professional staff. An on-going, well-conceived training program can provide the continuity, broad base of knowledge, skills, and specific information crucial to sound advising. Another approach to training is t o offer future faculty, student personnel staff, higher education administrators, or professional counselors opportunity t o study advising as subject matter while still enrolled in their graduate programs. Both the traditional and pre-service approaches could address the same basic issues and content areas. While recognizing the uniqueness of each institution's advising system, some of these topics might include an introduction to student and career development theory and practice, organizational systems in which advisors function, advising skills and techniques, and methods for self and program evaluation.' Dressel2 discusses the importance of student advising and the limited view that many faculty hold regarding their responsibility in this area. Advising is a complex process, and though many practicing advisors recognize this, few systematically work at improving their own advising skills. Some advisors are never formally trained after they are on the job but are issued a handbook or printed materials and expected t o learn how to advise on their own. When a formal training program is offered, it is often the newly-appointed advisor's first exposure t o the intricacies of the advising process. When we consider these factors, a pre-service course approach includes many advantages. It can provide an understanding of general advising purposes, policies. and procedures. It can foster positive attitudes and enthusiasm for advising as a process and as a professional activity. It exposes the myths and mysteries of advising,
Transient characteristics of aircraft A-C generators

DURING the past 5 years transient analysis of aircraft a-c generators has become increasingly important. The vast number of excellent technical papers1?3 published on this subject would indicate that no problem existed, and a literature survey would yield a solution to any problem no matter what the degree of complexity. However, problems do exist in transforming from conventional power frequencies to 400 cycles per second (cps) aircraft equipments and in ascertaining the idealizations which other authors used in the formulation of the various papers.
Response to: Elevated urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney diseases

We thank Dr. Sise and co-workers very much for their letter and interest in our recent publication.1 We appreciate them sharing their stratified analysis among the subset of their patients with chronic kidney disease from their provocative study.2
Accreditation of allied health education. Assessing for educational effectiveness.

IN RECENT years, educational, regulatory, and political groups have targeted effectiveness as a primary goal in American postsecondary education. This has given rise to a number of national initiatives during the past 18 months that may have a major influence on the future course of allied health education and accreditation. Three projects are of marked significance: (1) the outcomes analysis project of the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation (COPA)-Fund for Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), (2) the report of the Pew Health Professions Commission, and (3) the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965. Each in its own way stresses the importance of evaluating results in assessing educational quality, a concept long supported by the American Medical Association Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation (CAHEA). COPA-FIPSE OUTCOMES ANALYSIS PROJECT The outcomes analysis project conducted by COPA, with support from FIPSE's Project on Accreditation for Educational Effectiveness: Assessment Tools for
On the Study of New Parties

The large number of new parties appearing in western democracies and their actual and potential impacts offer important avenues of research on parties in general. This paper reviews work on the definition and enumeration of new parties, their variability, classification and distinctiveness, and the development and testing of theory concern ing new parties. It suggests areas of research that, in the author's view, will provide evidence of the need to integrate an understanding of new-party phenomena in the broader spectrum of political studies.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human brain hexokinase

Human brain hexokinase type I, expressed in Escherichia coli, has been crystallized from polyethylene glycol 8000 in the presence of inorganic phosphate. The crystals are hexagonal needles of diameter 0.25 mm, diffracting to a resolution of 3.5 A on a rotating-anode/area-detector system. The crystals belong to the space group P3121/P3221 with cell dimensions a = b = 171.5 A and c = 99.4 A. The specific volume of the crystal is 4.2 A3/Da, suggesting an asymmetric unit with a single 100 kDa molecule and a solvent content of 71% by volume or two molecules of hexokinase with a solvent content of 41%. The complex of hexokinase with glucose crystallizes under similar conditions, giving crystals of the same morphology.
Neurofilament phosphorylation in peripheral nerve regeneration.

Abstract A monoclonal antibody to the 200 kdalton neurofilament (NF) polypeptide selectively decorated axons in tissue sections. Neuronal perikarya and dendrites, including motor and sensory neurons reacting to axotomy, were not stained. Axonal staining was abolished by dilution of the monoclonal supernatants with phosphate buffer and by digestion of tissue sections with phosphatase, thus suggesting that the antibody reacted with a phosphorylated epitope 24. Conventional monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, i.e. antibodies decorating NF regardless of their location (axons, perikarya and dendrites) were not affected by these procedures. Compared to conventional NF antibodies, staining with the axon-specific monoclonal antibody was a late event in peripheral nerve regeneration. One week after operation, the whole distal stump of crushed rat sciatic nerve was invaded by bundles of axons strongly reacting with conventional NF antibodies. Axon-specific NF immunoreactivity was confined to the proximal segment of the stump at this time and progressively extended distally in the following week. Furthermore, NF phosphorylation appeared to coincide with the return of a normal nerve structure as evidenced by the distribution of laminin immunoreactivity. Bundles of axons growing within columns of laminin-positive Schwann cells did not stain with the axon-specific NF antibody. Immunoreactivity with this antibody coincided with the return of a normal laminin pattern, i.e. selective decoration of the endoneurial basal membranes surrounding the axons.
Selection of Consequences: Adaptive Behavior from Random Reinforcement

The behavior of subjects in a human operant conditioning experiment was “shaped” using a random reinforcement contingency. Bar-press responses kept a moving cursor near a target although the conseq...
Total Prostate Specific Antigen Stability Confirmed After Long-Term Storage of Serum at −80C

Purpose: We characterized the long-term stability of total prostate specific antigen in serum samples after storage at −80C from 2001 until 2007.Materials and Methods: From the San Antonio Biomarkers of Risk biorepository we chose serum samples from white men 55.2 to 80.5 years old (median age 63.3) in which prostate specific antigen was measured in 2001. These men were not diagnosed with prostate cancer by 2007. A blocked randomization scheme was used to randomly select 47 serum samples with prostate specific antigen values spread over the reference ranges 0.0 to 0.4 (10), 0.5 to 0.9 (10), 1.0 to 1.9 (10), 2.0 to 3.9 (11) and 4.0 to 10.0 ng/ml (6) for repeat measurement by the same assay in 2007. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlation and the paired t test was used to test the null hypothesis of no average difference between prostate specific antigen measured in 2001 and 2007.Results: Median prostate specific antigen values were 1.20 ng/ml (range 0.20 to 7.20) in 2001 an...
A Dual-Band 2.45/6 GHz CMOS LNA Utilizing a Dual-Resonant Transformer-Based Matching Network

This paper analyzes and presents design equations for a new transformer-based matching network capable of simultaneously matching two different frequencies. This network is then used to realize a dual-band low-noise amplifier that is fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process and is capable of operating at 2.45 GHz and 6 GHz. The measured S21 and noise figure for 2.45 GHz (6 GHz) is 9.4 dB (18.9 dB) and 2.8 dB (3.8 dB), respectively. The IIP3 is measured to be -4.3 dBm and -5.6 dBm at 2.45 GHz and 6 GHz, respectively. The power consumption of the system (excluding the buffer) is 2.79 mW from a 1.2 V supply and the total area is 900 μm × 680 μm.
RbSr and oxygen isotopic study of alkalic rocks from the Trans-Pecos magmatic province, Texas: Implications for the petrogenesis and hydrothermal alteration of continental alkalic rocks

Rb-Sr and O isotopic data for mid-Tertiary alkalic rocks from the Trans-Pecos magmatic province of west Texas demonstrate that hydrothermal alteration and fluid/rock (cation exchange) interactions have affected the isotope geochemistry of these rocks. Strontium and O isotopic data for late-stage minerals in an alkali basalt (hawaiite) sill record two episodes of fluid/rock interactions. Firstly, Sr isotopic data for calcite precipitated in open spaces suggest that most of the Sr incorporated in this mineral was derived from the surrounding silicate minerals; however, O was derived from heated formation fluids (δ18O = +13; t< 100°C) in isotopic equilibrium with surrounding Cretaceous marine limestones. Secondly, Sr isotopic data for analcime and natrolite lie along mixing lines between a magmatic 87Sr/86Sr and a Cretaceous marine 87Sr/86Sr. Oxygen isotopic data for natrolite suggest fluids in equilibrium with this mineral were isotopically light (δ18O = −8), very similar to present-day geothermal waters of the Trans-Pecos region (δ18O = −6 to −9). These data suggest that later meteoric fluids introduced Sr with a Cretaceous marine 87Sr/86Sr ratio into minerals with significant cation exchange capacity. Dilute HCl leaching experiments demonstrate the removal of this labile or exchangeable Sr from the alkali basalt. Rb-Sr isotopic data for the leached alkali basalt and handpicked calcite record a crystallization age of 42 Ma, consistent with K-Ar data for an unaltered alkali basalt (hawaiite) dike from the same area (42.6 ± 1.3 Ma). Leaching experiments on one phonolite suggest the Sr isotopic variability in unleached phonolite and nepheline trachyte samples may be attributed to Sr in secondary calcite and zeolites, which have an upper Cretaceous marine 87Sr/86Sr ratio. RbSr isotopic data for leached phonolite and sanidine separate yield an age of 36.5 ± 0.8 Ma, within analytical uncertainty of a K-Ar biotite age (36.0 ± 1.1 Ma) of another phonolite. These leaching experiments demonstrate that the Rb-Sr isotopic systematics of hydrothermally-altered continental alkalic rocks may be significantly improved, providing more reliable geochronologic and isotopic tracer information necessary in constructing precise models of mantle sources.
Low-Voltage On-Resonance Ion Selection and Storage: An Alternative to Quadrupolar Axialization for FTMS

A new alternative to quadrupolar axialization for ions trapped within a cubic Fourier transform mass spectrometer cell is presented. This method, low-voltage on-resonance excitation, requires no electronic switching hardware, as is necessary for the quadrupolar axialization technique. However, it yields equivalent ion selection performance, both for single- and broad-band ion selection, as is demonstrated with spectra for a number of poly(ethylene glycol) samples, gramicidin S, and a bovine insulin b-chain sample.
Probing the Potential Barriers and Intramolecular Electrostatic Interactions in Free Doubly Charged Anions

Multiply charged anions, though ubiquitous in nature, have been difficult to produce and study in the gas phase. Photoelectron spectroscopy has been combined with an electrospray ion source to probe the repulsive Coulomb barriers, excess electron binding, and intramolecular electron-electron interactions in a series of dicarboxylate dianions, ${}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}\mathrm{C}({\mathrm{CH}}_{2}{)}_{n}{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ $(n\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}3--10)$. These experiments provide quantitative information about the repulsive Coulomb barriers and how the excess electron binding energy and the barrier height depend on the intramolecular Coulomb repulsion.
Seasonal and temporal characterization of dissolved organic matter in rainwater by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Abstract Dissolved organic carbon in rainwater was concentrated by two separate techniques and characterized by 1H-NMR. The total 1H-NMR integral of lyophilized rainwater was higher in every rain sample than that of C18 solid phase extracted samples and always contained a higher percentage integral in the region of protons bound to carbon atoms singly bound to oxygen (H–C–O), such as alcohols, polyols and carbohydrate-like compounds. C18 extracted samples had higher % integral in the alkyl region, consistent with reverse phase extraction of more hydrophobic components in rainwater. Differences in both the 1H-NMR integration and spectral pattern of lyophilized rainwater samples were especially apparent between spring and winter rains, with spring samples having higher percent carbohydrate (H–C–O) signal and winter rains having higher percent alkyl protons and a spectral pattern consistent with the presence of saturated fatty acids. Spring rains are characterized by lower % Alkyl signal coupled with higher % H–C–O than all other events while marine winter events appear in regions characterized by relatively high % Alkyl and average % H–C–O, consistent with increased abundance of fatty acids or fatty acid oxidation products. The 1H-NMR data presented in this manuscript are important because they provide spectral data relating to the source and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in rainwater as a function of season and air mass back trajectory.
Effects of chronic cocaine use on physical health: a prospective study in a general population sample

Few studies have examined long-term effects of chronic cocaine use on physical health in the general population. The current study assesses the effects of chronic cocaine use by the late twenties on physical health by the mid thirties in a longitudinal cohort from the general population. Measures of physical health included self-reported health status, cardiovascular, neurological, and somatic symptoms, and number of hospital or sick days within the last year. The causal analyses were restricted to males because few females used cocaine heavily and the relationships between females' cocaine use and physical health were rarely significant. Among males, chronic cocaine use increased physical health problems, controlling for prior health status, current cocaine use, use of other drugs and sociodemographic characteristics. In turn, poor health contributed to continued cocaine use. Variance partitioning based on cocaine use patterns (frequency and chronicity) indicated that chronic users experienced the most adverse consequences on subsequent physical health. Implications for understanding how chronic cocaine use affects a broad spectrum of physical functioning are discussed.