cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voces femeninas en la guerra de independencia de Cuba: Lila de Luáces y Eva Adán de Rodríguez

espanolDurante la guerra de independencia de Cuba, que comenzo en 1868 y duro diez anos, aparecieron en la isla y los Estados Unidos varios textos que hablaban del conflicto. Todos escritos por hombres con la excepcion de uno que publico una mujer en Norteamerica. En este ensayo discuto ese texto y lo comparo con otro, aparecido despues de la guerra, escrito por otra sobreviviente en la isla. En ellos destaco las formas de representar la violencia y el Yo en estas narraciones, asi como lo mas importante: el archivo de hechos que van creando como contrapeso a la Historia oficial del poder espanol en Cuba. EnglishDuring the war of independence in Cuba, which started in 1868 and lasted ten years, a number of texts appeared in Cuba and the United States detailing the conflict. All of these texts were written by men with the exception of one, published in the US, that was written by a woman. In this article I discuss this testimony and I compare it with another one published in Cuba after the war, also written by another female survivor. I discuss the way violence and the self is represented in these narrations, and most importantly how they build an archive of deeds to criticize Spain’s official (hi)story of the Cuban conflict.
Quantitative muscle MRI biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: cross-sectional correlations with age and functional tests.

Aim: Using baseline data from a clinical trial of domagrozumab in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we evaluated the correlation between functional measures and quantitative MRI assessments of thigh muscle. Patients & methods: Analysis included timed functional tests, knee extension/strength and North Star Ambulatory Assessment. Patients (n = 120) underwent examinations of one thigh, with MRI sequences to enable measurements of muscle volume (MV), MV index, mean T2 relaxation time via T2-mapping and fat fraction. Results: MV was moderately correlated with strength assessments. MV index, fat fraction and T2-mapping measures had moderate correlations (r ∼ 0.5) to all functional tests, North Star Ambulatory Assessment and age. Conclusion: The moderate correlation between functional tests, age and baseline MRI measures supports MRI as a biomarker in Duchenne muscular dystrophy clinical trials. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02310763; registered 4 November 2014.
How often do graduated and flat rate states change their tax rates

In November 2020, Illinois voters will consider an amendment that would strike the following two sentences from the Illinois constitution. “A tax on or measured by income shall be at a non-graduated rate. At any one time there may be no more than one such tax imposed by the State for State purposes imposed on individuals and one such tax so imposed on corporations.” Striking these two sentences would allow Illinois legislators to impose a graduated rate system, which would allow the tax rate to vary with the income of the tax filer. The Illinois General Assembly passed legislation in May of 2019 that would impose such a graduated rate system beginning in January 2021 should the constitutional amendment pass. The other states did not make changes in their basic tax structure. Table 1 provides some basic data for all states about the number of rate changes. Eight states had a flat rate tax for the entire period, and three states had a flat rate tax for part of the period. In total, we observed 153 cases of annual tax rate dynamics. Similarly, we observed 592 cases of tax rate dynamics in states with graduated rate taxes. In each state, in each year, we checked whether any tax rate changed. As shown in Table 1, out of 153 total cases there were tax rate changes in 27 cases (17.76%) in states witha flat rate tax. In graduated rate states, out of 592 total cases there were tax rate changes in 94 cases (15.85%), which is slightly lower than the frequency of changes in flat rate states. The proposed constitutional amendment on the November 2020 ballot would move Illinois from a flat rate to a graduated rate system which is a change unlike any that a U.S. state has made since at least 2002. The full implications of this change for tax-setting behavior are difficult to predict. However, examination of the recent experience of other U.S. states finds little difference in the frequency of tax rate changes in general, and whether tax rate increases occur in particular, in states with graduated and flat rate tax systems.
Knowledge- and Data-Driven Models of Multimodal Trajectories of Public Speaking Anxiety in Real and Virtual Settings

Public speaking skills are essential to professional success. Yet, public speaking anxiety (PSA) is considered one of the most common social phobias. Understanding PSA can help communication experts identify effective ways to treat this communication-based disorder. Existing works on PSA rely on self-reports and aggregate multimodal measures which do not capture the temporal variation in PSA. This paper examines temporal trajectories of acoustic and physiological measures throughout the public speaking encounter with real and virtual audiences, and aims to model those in both knowledge- and data-driven ways. Knowledge-driven models leverage theoretically-grounded patterns through fitting interpretable parametric functions to the corresponding signals. Data-driven models consider the functional nature of multimodal signals via functional principal component analysis. Results indicate that the parameters of the proposed models can successfully estimate individuals’ trait anxiety in both real-life and virtual reality settings, and suggest that models trained on data obtained in virtual public speaking stimuli are able to estimate levels of PSA in real-life.
Near-collision dynamics in a noisy car-following model

We consider a small stochastic perturbation of an optimal velocity car-following model. We give a detailed analysis of behavior near a collision singularity. We show that collision is impossible in a simplified model without noise, and then show that collision is asymptotically unlikely over large time intervals in the presence of small noise, with the large time interval scaling like the square of the reciprocal of the strength of the noise. Our calculations depend on careful boundary-layer analyses.
Preparing the Child for Minimally Invasive Surgery and What Parents and Children Truly Remember

Minimally invasive urological surgery in children is advancing and becoming the first choice in the management of elective urological procedures. Children are unique population that is different from adults in their anatomy, physiology, and response to the stress of surgery that also vary with the child’s age and maturation. This must be remembered when planning surgical intervention in the pediatric population.
Activation of KCa channels in airway smooth muscle cells by endogenous protein kinase A.

The regulation of calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels by endogenous protein kinase A (PKA) was examined in inside-out patches from equine tracheal myocytes. In the absence of exogenous prote...
DNA Replication: Prokaryotes and Yeast

An organism's ability to pass on genetic information to further generations requires the accurate reproduction of its genomic DNA, a process termed DNA replication. Examination of the events that take place during DNA replication has revealed numerous well-orchestrated protein–protein interactions and enzymatic reactions, which ultimately leads to synthesis of an essentially identical replica of the cell's complete genome. Keywords: bacteria; bacteriophages; initiation; elongation
A General Linear Method for Equating with Small Samples.

Research on equating with small samples has shown that methods with stronger assumptions and fewer statistical estimates can lead to decreased error in the estimated equating function. This article introduces a new approach to linear observed-score equating, one which provides flexible control over how form difficulty is assumed versus estimated to change across the score scale. A general linear method is presented as an extension of traditional linear methods. The general method is then compared to other linear and nonlinear methods in terms of accuracy in estimating a criterion equating function. Results from two parametric bootstrapping studies based on real data demonstrate the usefulness of the general linear method.
Ferroelectric soft phonons, charge density wave instability, and strong electron-phonon coupling in BiS 2 layered superconductors: A first-principles study

Very recently a new family of layered materials, containing BiS${}_{2}$ planes, was discovered to be superconducting at temperatures up to ${T}_{c}=10$ K, raising questions about the mechanism of superconductivity in these systems. Here, we present state-of-the-art first-principles calculations that directly address this question and reveal several surprising findings. The parent compound LaOBiS${}_{2}$ possesses anharmonic ferroelectric soft phonons at the zone center with a rather large polarization of $\ensuremath{\approx}$10 $\ensuremath{\mu}\text{C}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$. Upon electron doping, new unstable phonon branches appear along $Q=(q,q,0)$, causing Bi/S atoms to order in a one-dimensional charge density wave (CDW). We find that BiS${}_{2}$ is a strong electron-phonon coupled superconductor in the vicinity of competing ferroelectric and CDW phases. Our results suggest directions to increase ${T}_{c}$ in this new class of materials.
Isolation of Golgi apparatus from rat liver: III. Lipid and Protein Composition

Abstract Golgi apparatus from rat liver were higher or equal to endoplasmic reticulum in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol but were intermediate between endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane with respect to levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, and sterols. Endoplasmic reticulum was highest in phosphatidylcholine and lowest in phosphatidylserine, sterols, and sphingomyelin. Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoretic patterns of structural and total protein fractions showed unique band patterns for each of the above three fractions as well as mitochondria. Patterns for total protein of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were similar, but endoplasmic reticulum had three additional bands absent from Golgi apparatus. Plasma membrane revealed the simplest pattern with one major band. A corresponding band was present in patterns from Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Golgi apparatus were found to be compositionally distinct from other fractions examined and intermediate between endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. The results are compatible with the concept of partial derivation of Golgi apparatus membranes from endoplasmic reticulum as well as the hypothesis that the Golgi apparatus functions in transformation of membranes from endoplasmic reticulum-like to plasma membrane-like.
Phosphorylation of Liver Ribosomal Proteins CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROTEIN KINASE REACTION AND STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHORYLATED RIBOSOMES

Abstract Two cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinases were isolated from rat liver cytosol and separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography; protein kinase I was further purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The enzymes were not substrate-specific, for both phosphorylated calf thymus histone and the same individual proteins of the two ribosomal subunits. The protein kinases catalyzed the transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP and not the exchange of phosphate already present in ribosomal proteins; transfer was to serine and threonine residues in ribosomal proteins. GTP could not replace ATP as the phosphate donor. At least four proteins of the 40 S ribosomal subunit and ten of the 60 S subunit were phosphorylated in vitro; the exact number is not certain because the proteins were not completely resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins was stimulated by cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, varied with the kinase preparation that was used (protein kinase I was more active than kinase II), and depended on the ions that were present. Magnesium and potassium inhibited ribosome phosphorylation: the effect of magnesium was greater than potassium and the inhibition was more pronounced with the 60 S subunit. The effect of the cations was to reduce phosphorylation rather than to change the pattern of phosphorylation of individual ribosomal proteins.
α-Tocopherol supplementation reduces 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol accumulation by decreasing γ-tocopherol in young adult smokers

Abstractγ-Tocopherol (γ-T) scavenges reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to form 5-NO2-γ-T (NGT). However, α-T supplementation decreases circulating γ-T, which could limit its RNS scavenging activities. We hypothesized that α-T supplementation would mitigate NGT accumulation by impairing γ-T status. Healthy smokers (21 ± 1 y, n = 11) and non-smokers (21 ± 2 y, n = 10) ingested 75 mg/d each of RRR- and all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate for 6 d. Plasma α-T, γ-T, γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (CEHC), NGT, and nitrate/nitrite were measured prior to supplementation (Pre), the morning after 6 consecutive evenings of supplementation (Post 1), and on the mornings of d 6 (Post 6) and d 14 (Post 14) during the post-supplementation period. α-T supplementation increased plasma α-T, and decreased γ-T, in both groups and these returned to Pre concentrations on Post 6 regardless of smoking status. Plasma γ-CEHC increased after the first dose of supplementation in both groups, suggesting that α-T supplementation decreased plasm...
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Role of Nitric Oxide

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a common cause of respiratory failure in the full-term neonate. Molecular and cellular studies in vascular biology have revealed that endothelial-derived mediators play a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of PPHN. Endothelial-derived vasoconstrictors, like endothelin, may increase smooth muscle cell contractility and growth, leading to the physiologic and structural changes observed in the pulmonary arterioles of infants with this disease. On the other hand, decreased production of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide, may exacerbate pulmonary vasoreactivity and lead to more severe pulmonary hypertension. Exogenous (inhaled) nitric oxide therapy reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and improves oxygenation. The safety and efficacy of this therapy in reducing the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and decreasing long-term morbidity is being tested in several trials nationally and abroad. Understanding the b...
Building the bridge: collaboration between technical services and special collections

At Wichita State University Ablah Library, members of Technical Services and Special Collections began collaborating on a mass digitization project to increase visibility and accessibility of Special Collections holdings, and to digitally preserve brittle rare materials. Both departments scan collections, create metadata, and upload materials into CONTENTdm. The departments overcame challenges regarding the project, such as limited collaboration between the departments, poor communication, minimal metadata, and differences in quality control expectations.
All in the family: evolutionary and functional relationships among death receptors

Over the last decade, significant progress has been made towards identifying the signaling pathways within mammalian cells that lead to apoptosis mediated by death receptors. The simultaneous expression of more than one death receptor in many, if not all, cell types suggests that functional innovation has driven the divergence of these receptors and their cognate ligands. To better understand the physiological divergence of the death receptors, a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate death receptors was conducted based upon amino-acid sequences encoding the death domain regions of currently known and newly identified members of the family. Evidence is presented to indicate an ancient radiation of death receptors that predates the emergence of vertebrates, as well as ongoing divergence of additional receptors both within several receptor lineages as well as modern taxonomic lineages. We speculate that divergence among death receptors has led to their functional specialization. For instance, some receptors appear to be primarily involved in mediating the immune response, while others play critical roles during development and tissue differentiation. The following represents an evolutionary approach towards an understanding of the complex relationship among death receptors and their proposed physiological functions in vertebrate species.
Monte Carlo Integration With Acceptance-Rejection

This article considers Monte Carlo integration under rejection sampling or Metropolis-Hastings sampling. Each algorithm involves accepting or rejecting observations from proposal distributions other than a target distribution. While taking a likelihood approach, we basically treat the sampling scheme as a random design, and define a stratified estimator of the baseline measure. We establish that the likelihood estimator has no greater asymptotic variance than the crude Monte Carlo estimator under rejection sampling or independence Metropolis-Hastings sampling. We employ a subsampling technique to reduce the computational cost, and illustrate with three examples the computational effectiveness of the likelihood method under general Metropolis-Hastings sampling.
Thermodynamic functions for the cyclopentadienyl radical: The effect of Jahn–Teller distortion

We report CASSCF/cc-PVDZ calculations of the potential surface for the title Jahn–Teller molecule. Energies are calculated along all normal coordinates that can be affected by Jahn–Teller distortion. Both the E′2 in-plane bend and stretch modes are found to be involved, but the bend contribution is very small and its contribution to the entropy is negligible. The in-plane stretch modes strongly dominate, affording a maximum stabilization energy of 4.73 kcal/mol. Harmonic frequencies are calculated for the other modes in the D5h configuration, and these are scaled in accordance with a comparison of experimental frequencies with similar calculations on cyclopentadiene. Energy levels for nuclear motion in the Jahn–Teller modes are then determined using the calculated surface, and these are combined with the scaled harmonic frequencies to obtain complete thermodynamic functions for the radical. The results are then fit to both the NASA polynomial form and a compact power series in inverse temperature for modeling applications. Because of changes in degeneracy and symmetry number, the entropy is actually lower than previous estimates. Nonetheless, the effect of the pseudorotation on the entropy is noticeable over the entire span of temperatures. This work is evidently the first to present both energy levels and thermodynamic functions for a Jahn–Teller molecule derived from a complete and consistent theoretical treatment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 834–845, 2001
Gender differences in full-time self-employment

Abstract This analysis reveals interesting gender differences in full-time self-employment. Women who choose full-time self-employment have personal characteristics that are less highly valued in the marketplace than women who work full-time in wage-and-salary employment. The reverse is true for men. It is unclear whether the gender gap in self-employment income is the result of different supply decisions made by women, or greater constraints and/or discriminatory elements faced by women. There is some suggestion that women may place a higher value on nonwage aspects of self-employment than men do.
Violent behavior during sleep: Prevalence, comorbidity and consequences

Abstract Background Violent behaviors during sleep (VBS) are consequences of several sleep disorders but have received little attention in epidemiologic studies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of VBS in the general population and their comorbidity, familial links, course and treatment. Methods Random stratified sample of 19,961 participants, 15 years and older, from the general population of Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom were interviewed by telephone using the Sleep-EVAL Expert System. They answered a questionnaire on VBS, their consequences and treatment. Parasomnias and sleep and mental disorders were also evaluated. Results VBS was reported by 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.7%) of the sample. VBS was higher in subjects younger than 35 years. During VBS episodes, 78.7% of VBS subjects reported vivid dreams and 31.4% hurt themselves or someone else. Only 12.3% of them consulted a physician for these behaviors. In 72.8% of cases, VBS were associated with other parasomnias (highest odds of VBS for sleepwalking and sleep terrors). Family history of VBS, sleepwalking and sleep terrors was reported more frequently in VBS than in non-VBS subjects with odds of 9.3, 2.0 and 4.2, respectively. Conclusions VBS are frequent in the general population and often associated with dream-enactment, sleepwalking and sleep terrors. High frequency of VBS, sleepwalking and sleep terrors in family of VBS subjects indicated that some families have a greater vulnerability to sleep disorders involving motor dyscontrol. Subjects who consulted a physician for these behaviors mostly received inappropriate or no support, indicating a lack of knowledge about VBS.
Nonuniform lamination analysis of ionospheric h′(f) records, using wave refractive index☆

Abstract The ionospheric h′(f) records are analyzed by using the wave refractive index μ instead of the group refractive index μ′. The average virtual-height curves are the required experimental data for this method. The analysis is given for the ordinary wave by using a nonuniform lamination method, where the inversion of the triangular matrix involved is readily available. Some relatively simple approximate results are given.
Prevalence and outcomes of continence surgery in community dwelling women.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Published outcomes of continence surgery are based largely on cohort studies and a smaller number of randomized trials. There is no consensus on the outcomes that should be considered and patient reported outcomes have not always been included. We determined the prevalence of continence surgery as well as patient reported outcomes in community dwelling women.Materials and Methods: We performed a 2-stage national cross-sectional mailed survey. A short questionnaire used to identify women with a history of continence surgery was sent to 45,000 representative American households. Eligible women with a history of continence surgery received a followup questionnaire to assess patient reported outcomes, including current symptom frequency, bother and overall satisfaction.Results: Of the 24,581 women 967 (4%) had a history of continence surgery, including 73% who currently reported incontinence in the preceding month, 58% who reported incontinence in the preceding week and 53% who reported curre...
A genetic polymorphism in the CYP19A1 gene and the risk of hypertension among midlife women

Abstract Objective To test whether a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (A → G; rs700518) in the CYP19A1 gene, which encodes the enzyme aromatase, is associated with an increased risk for hypertension of midlife women. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 639 midlife women were recruited. Eligible women had their blood pressure, weight and height measured, and donated a blood sample for hormone and genetic analyses. The participants also completed a detailed study survey. Women were grouped according to their genotype, blood pressure measurements, and medical history. The data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models. The study had 80% power to detect small differences in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; 4.5 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; 3 mmHg). Results The selected polymorphism was significantly associated with hypertension and SBP in unadjusted analyses. Interestingly, women with hypertension were more likely to be homozygous for the A allele (AA) compared to women who were not categorized as having hypertension. Further, the mean SBP was significantly higher for women who were homozygous for the A allele when compared to women carrying the other genotypes (AG or GG). The unadjusted association between DBP values and genotype was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.07). However, after adjustment for potential confounders (age, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking and physical activity), the associations between genotype and hypertension/blood pressure were attenuated and not statistically significant. Conclusion The rs700518 polymorphism in the CYP19A1 is not associated with hypertension in our sample of midlife women. Other factors, including race and BMI, appear to play a greater role.
Multiwire proportional chamber for the IUCF cooler ring

Abstract The design and construction of a multiwire proportional chamber for experiments with the Indiana Cooler is described. The novel features of this device are an opening in the center of the sensitive area and fast high-voltage switching, both required by experimental demands. Data are presented on the performance of this chamber which is currently in use for the first nuclear physics experiment with an internal target in a stored, cooled beam.
Building classroom community at a distance: A case study

The purpose of this study was to analyze a five-week graduate-level education course taught entirely at a distance via the Internet using the Blackboard.comSM e-learning system, with emphasis on exploring the dynamics of sense of classroom community. Subjects were 20 adult learners, evenly divided between males and females, who were administered the sense of classroom community index at the beginning and end of the course in order to measure classroom community. Findings indicated that on-line learners took advantage of the “learn anytime” characteristics of the Internet by accessing the course seven days per week, 24 hours per day. Sense of classroom community grew significantly during the course. Females manifested a stronger sense of community than their male counterparts both at the start and end of the course. Additionally, female students exhibited a mostly connected communication pattern while the communication pattern of males was mostly independent.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms during 24 hours after dobutamine-atropine stress testing: a prospective study in 1,006 patients.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and predictors of neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms during 24 hours after dobutamine-atropine stress testing (DST). Methods Consecutive outpatients undergoing DST were asked to return a questionnaire regarding symptoms during the following 24 hours. Trained registered nurses administered the Delirium Observation Screening Scale before and after DST. To assess baseline symptoms in a control group, consecutive patients referred for DST completed the questionnaire regarding their symptoms during the 24 hours before DST. Results A total of 1,006 patients were included (mean age, 67 ± 12 years; 462 [46%] women). Of the 750 patients who returned questionnaires, 53 patients (7.1%) reported NP symptoms. Among the 199 controls, three patients (1.5%) reported NP symptoms. Symptoms were usually mild and resolved spontaneously. Independent predictors of NP symptoms were atropine dose ≥ 1 mg (odds ratio [OR], 7.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.13–14.81), prior NP disorder (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.11–4.02), positive Delirium Observation Screening Scale result (OR, 4.89; 95% CI, 1.21–18.09), and body mass index 2 (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.10–4.90). Conclusions Although usually mild, NP symptoms were nearly fivefold more common after DST ( P
Truncated Version of a Play-the-Winner Rule for Choosing the Better of Two Binomial Populations

Abstract Results are developed for play-the-winner sampling for choosing the better of two binomial populations when the maximum number of tests is specified. It is shown that for a fixed number of tests the probability of correct selection with alternating assignment exceeds that for play-the-winner sampling. However, when the probability of correct selection is fixed, neither sampling method is uniformly better than the other as measured by the expected number of tests on the poorer population, or on the total expected number of tests.
The near-surface dynamics of coastal upwelling

Abstract An attempt is made to examine some observational and theoretical aspects of upper ocean dynamics in regions of strong coastal upwelling. “Upper ocean” is roughly defined as about the upper 10–30 m of the water column for most systems. First, the basic surface Ekman and mixed layers are discussed, including some of the modifications due to upwelling. Next, coastal upwelling fronts and their associated circulation are treated. Finally, areas of strongly three-dimensional upwelling are classified and discussed. Horizontal advection of heat and momentum appear to be generally important for the near-surface dynamics of coastal upwelling, and these phenomena make realistic theoretical treatments especially difficult.
Essential fatty acids and early life programming in meat-type birds

Egg fat is of considerable importance in the nutrition of the developing chick as a source of energy and essential fatty acids such as linoleic (18:2 n-6) and α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) acids. During incubation, yolk lipids provide fatty acids that are utilized for energy, synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich membrane phospholipids, and eicosanoids by the embryo. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 fatty acid are more potent and pro-inflammatory than eicosanoids derived from n-3 fatty acids.Two models of early life programming as affected by n-3 PUFA are investigated. Egg PUFA enrichment through breeder hen diet (pre-hatch or in ovo) or early post-hatch (within first 5 hours) feeding is investigated. Early access to nutrients (pre- and early post-hatch) is important because in broiler hatchlings that are selected for rapid early growth much of the immune system development occurs early in life. However, the current industry practice of feeding breeding hens diets high in n-6 fatty acids, limits the supply of essential n-3 PUFA in the hatchling. Early access to n-3 PUFA through in ovo or early post-hatch diet led to: (1) increase in the retention of n-3 PUFA in cell membranes, (2) reduction in plasma non-esterified fatty acids, (3) reduced production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, (4) suppression of cell-mediated immunity, and (5) alteration in cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The effects of an early exposure persisted from 14 to 35 days in different tissues and cells.Given the fact that broiler birds are raised for 39 to 56 days, and that the effect of pre-hatch and early post-hatch nutrition persists for up to and over 36-47% of post-hatch life, using an early life programming approach will generate new knowledge about the role of maternal and early post-hatch diet in enhancing bird health and welfare.
Large Acetabular Defects Can be Managed with Cementless Revision Components

Background Optimal techniques for acetabular revision in the setting of major pelvic osteolysis have not been established. Bilobed components, structural grafts, and reinforcement cages have demonstrated 10–24% midterm failure rates. While cementless hemispherical components have been utilized to treat large acetabular defects, most reports have not focused specifically on patients with extensive deficiencies.
Temperature dependence of magnetization drift velocity and current polarization in Ni 80 Fe 20 by spin-wave Doppler measurements

A spin-wave Doppler technique is used to measure the temperature dependence of both the magnetization drift velocity, which represents the magnitude of adiabatic spin-transfer torque, and the current polarization in current-carrying ${\text{Ni}}_{80}{\text{Fe}}_{20}$ wires. For current densities of ${10}^{11}\text{ }\text{A}/{\text{m}}^{2}$, we obtain magnetization drift velocities decreasing from $4.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ to $4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{m}/\text{s}$ over a temperature range from 80 to 340 K. Interpretation of velocity values yields current polarization dropping from $0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ to $0.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ over the same temperature range. Analysis indicates different temperature dependences for spin-up and spin-down conductivities, suggesting a strong impurity scattering of spin-down electrons.
Learning Styles, Instructional Strategies, and the Question of Matching: A Literature Review

The study of learning styles is one of interest and debate in current educational circles. The diversity of the field arises from various theoretical foundations and definitions and, therefore, presents some challenges to understanding and implementation. Despite these issues, however, learning styles do appear to have a definite influence on the educational process. Teachers’ training and perceptions concerning learning styles play a role in their application of learning style concepts to both instruction and assessment. Students also are influenced by learning styles, having unique perceptions of their abilities and preferences for learning that may affect their motivation and lifelong learning patterns as well as academic performance levels. Significant questions remain about the issue of matching learning and teaching styles, with arguments supporting a range of approaches including unmatched, tailored, and varied instruction. Further, there is a methodological debate concerning the most appropriate and effective methods for conducting research and gaining accurate information applicable to authentic educational environments. Additional research is necessary to address the identified issues and areas of contention in the field of learning styles and to provide further information and support for implementation of effective teaching practices in the classroom.
Partisan Intentions and Election Day Realities in the Congressional Redistricting Process

Political scientists have done little to resolve the question of whether or not a state party's command of congressional redistricting leads to payoffs in its share of delegation seats. Studies on the topic differ in their conclusions while being marred by methodological shortcomings. In analyzing districting plans from 1952 to 1982, one finds that partisan control of redistricting does have the expected effect on seat outcomes, but only modestly. This relationship, though, has become even more tenuous over time. Since the imposition of the Supreme Court's “one man, one vote” mandates, the partisan gains intended by redistricting schemes have come to depend less heavily on the identity of the controlling party. And regardless of what is intended by redistricting architects, the electorate has become less willing to conform to their expectations, quite plausibly because of incumbents' growing ability to add residents of the new areas to their supporting coalition by election day.
Patterns of Ganglion Cell Complex and Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy by Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE To characterize by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) the loss of nerve fiber layer (NFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) in nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS Patients diagnosed with NAION were enrolled and categorized into "superior field loss (SFL)," "inferior field loss (IFL)," and "bihemispheric field loss (BFL)" groups based on the Swedish interactive threshold algorithm 30-2 achromatic visual field (VF) tests. Six months after presentation, they were scanned by FD-OCT to map peripapillary NFL and macular GCC thicknesses. Age-matched normals were selected from participants in the Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study (www.AIGStudy.net). Deviation maps were defined as the difference between the thickness maps and the average normal maps. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between VF and OCT measurements. RESULTS Twenty-five NAION eyes in 20 subjects were analyzed. Most (2/3) SFL cases showed inferior NFL loss with variable sparing of inferonasal losses. All (4/4) IFL cases showed superior NFL loss with variable inferonasal extension. The GCC maps demonstrated clear hemispheric loss pattern in agreement with VFs. NFL and GCC losses could be detected even in the less affected hemispheres (P < 0.001). NFL and GCC were highly correlated (P < 0.001) with VF in terms of both overall averages and superior-inferior hemispheric differences. CONCLUSIONS NFL and GCC losses correlated well with VF losses in both magnitude and location. Hemispheric GCC loss correlated with altitudinal VF loss and this pattern may be of diagnostic value. FD-OCT is useful in the evaluation of NAION.
An Integral Equation Approach to the Semi-Infinite Strip Problem

A semi-infinite strip held rigidly on its short end is considered. Loads in the strip at infinity (far away from the fixed end) are prescribed. The integral transform technique is used to provide an exact formulation of the problem in terms of a singular integral equation. The stress singularity at the strip corner is obtained from the singular integral equation, which is then solved numerically. Stresses along the rigid end are determined, and the effect of the material properties on the stress-intensity factor is presented. The method can also be applied to the problem of a laminate composite with a flat inclusion normal to the interfaces.
Selective dissolution of copper from Au-rich Cu-Au alloys: an electro chemical STM study

Abstract The selective dissolution of Cu from CuAu 3 alloys has been studied by STM imaging in situ as a function of anodic polarization. The experiments were performed on (111) oriented films grown on mica that exhibit large terraces separated by steps. Dissolution of Cu in the subcritical region produces vacancies that aggregate to form two-dimensional voids in the terraces. The voids are one atom deep and grow in size as a function of dealloying time. Voids are not formed in the exposed second layer. The layer-by-layer removal of material becomes three-dimensional with profuse surface roughening above the critical potential. A model for the dealloying based on these results is proposed.
Observations of charging dynamics

Plasma data from the University of California, San Diego, Auroral Particles experiments on Applied Technology satellites 5 and 6 are used to investigate the dynamics of natural charging events. Both eclipse and daylight charging events are considered, and typical responses are illustrated by data from specific events. Two different physical processes are found to be involved in the charging process. One of these is straightforward: the spacecraft structure potential responds rapidly to changes in the environment, typically changing by hundreds of volts in a few seconds. The other process is more subtle: differential charging and potential barrier formation precede structural charging and determine the time scale; typically, tens of minutes are required for the potential to change by several hundreds of volts. The latter process is found to be predominately responsible for daylight charging on both spacecraft.
An Examination of Author Characteristics in National and Regional Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals, 2008–2010: Are Female Scholars Changing the Nature of Publishing in Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) as an academic discipline has experienced an increase in the focus on various aspects of academic productivity in recent years. Much of the extant literature examining journal article authorship has focused on various measures of the publication productivity of specific authors but not on the characteristics of the authors themselves. The current study expands upon previous work by examining several author characteristics across different journal types and research methodologies, with a particular focus on how gender relates to these issues. The findings reveal several interesting differences with regard to gender, academic rank, and university affiliation. Among these findings is evidence that although males are more likely to author CCJ articles regardless of journal type, females are more likely to be lead authors in regional journal articles and more likely to publish with other female authors. Regional journals are also the publication outlet of choice for students and assistant professors in the beginning of their careers. The findings also provide evidence of important differences in author rank, academic affiliation, methodology, and publication outlet for articles authored by females.
Kant rencontre Aristote là où la raison rencontre l'appétit

Nous pouvons tous, je crois, reconnaitre la justesse de la these d'Aristote a l'effet que le veritable raisonnement pratique a pour resultat non pas une simple croyance a propos du caractere desirable, ou meme du caractere obligatoire, d'un acte, mais plutot l'initiation effective d'une action. Cette these donne lieu a une enigme : comment la deliberation, archetypiquement une inference propositionnelle rationnelle ( logon ), peut-elle logiquement aboutir a un acte ? L'action presuppose la motivation, mais la motivation est une force appetitive active, et non pas une proposition concernant le desir ou le caractere desirable d'un acte (elle est donc alogon ). La raison pratique n'est pas similaire aux substances qui peuvent manifestement etre melangees les unes aux autres, mais elle est censee constituer une fusion normative regie par des principes — le choix est un appetit delibere , comme le dit Aristote. Comment ceci est-il possible ? Les premiers pas vers une reponse peuvent etre trouves a un endroit surprenant : chez Kant. Dans la Metaphysique des Moeurs , Kant presente une theorie du desir comme appetit pour un objet par le biais d'une idee non-sensorielle de cet objet, et ce, par opposition a une inclination , un appetit direct base sur la sensation. Kant emploie cette notion du desir pour expliquer a la fois la volonte et la possibilite d'une action accomplie par devoir : la volonte appartient a la faculte de desirer, et le devoir est l'action motivee par un desir pour un acte par le biais d'une idee appropriee de cet acte. Kant nomme notre susceptibilite a ce type de desir laquelle constitue une condition necessaire a la moralite le sentiment moral . Ce sentiment rend compte du caractere pratique de la deliberation morale et de son rapport au plaisir et a la douleur pratiques d'une facon qui aurait, je crois, plu a Aristote. Le devoir est donc un exemple d'un appetit deliberatif . Ce scheme kantien n'est pas simplement interessant d'un point de vue historique : il s'accorde remarquablement bien avec certains travaux recents en psychologie motivationnelle et hedonique.
Transition between 'base' and 'tip' carbon nanofiber growth modes

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been synthesized by catalytically controlled dc glow discharge plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Both base-type and tip-type nanofibers have been produced on identical substrates. We have observed a sharp transition between these two growth modes by controlling the kinetics of the growth process without changing the substrate and catalyst materials. This transition is brought about by changing the parameters used in the deposition process such as the flow ratio of the carbonaceous and etchant gasses and others. This study of the initial growth stages as a function of time for both regimes provides a basis for a model of the growth mode transition.
The effect of non-traditional attitudes on married women's labor supply

Abstract This paper uses repeated cross sections from the General Social Survey to test whether married women's labor force participation responds to how traditional her attitudes are concerning a woman's role. Such attitudes are important predictors of labor force participation in any given year. On the other hand, attitude variables do not explain the increase in women's labor force participation during the 1970's.
Contrasting rainfall generated debris flows from adjacent watersheds at Forest Falls, southern California, USA

Abstract Debris flows are widespread and common in many steeply sloping areas of southern California. The San Bernardino Mountains community of Forest Falls is probably subject to the most frequently documented debris flows in southern California. Debris flows at Forest Falls are generated during short-duration high-intensity rains that mobilize surface material. Except for debris flows on two consecutive days in November 1965, all the documented historic debris flows have occurred during high-intensity summer rainfall, locally referred to as ‘monsoon’ or ‘cloudburst’ rains. Velocities of the moving debris range from about 5 km/h to about 90 km/h. Velocity of a moving flow appears to be essentially a function of the water content of the flow. Low velocity debris flows are characterized by steep snouts that, when stopped, have only small amounts of water draining from the flow. In marked contrast are high-velocity debris flows whose deposits more resemble fluvial deposits. In the Forest Falls area two adjacent drainage basins, Snow Creek and Rattlesnake Creek, have considerably different histories of debris flows. Snow Creek basin, with an area about three times as large as Rattlesnake Creek basin, has a well developed debris flow channel with broad levees. Most of the debris flows in Snow Creek have greater water content and attain higher velocities than those of Rattlesnake Creek. Most debris flows are in relative equilibrium with the geometry of the channel morphology. Exceptionally high-velocity flows, however, overshoot the channel walls at particularly tight channel curves. After overshooting the channel, the flows degrade the adjacent levee surface and remove trees and structures in the immediate path, before spreading out with decreasing velocity. As the velocity decreases the clasts in the debris flows pulverize the up-slope side of the trees and often imbed clasts in them. Debris flows in Rattlesnake Creek are relatively slow moving and commonly stop in the channel. After the channel is blocked, subsequent debris flows cut a new channel upstream from the blockage that results in the deposition of new debris-flow deposits on the lower part of the fan. Shifting the location of debris flows on the Rattlesnake Creek fan tends to prevent trees from becoming mature. Dense growths of conifer seedlings sprout in the spring on the late summer debris flow deposits. This repeated process results in stands of even-aged trees whose age records the age of the debris flows.
Blue Field Entoptic Phenomenon in Amblyopia

The blue field entoptic phenomenon allows the perception of leukocytes moving in the retinal capillaries of one's own retina. This phenomenon is not affected by media opacities provided that enough blue light reaches the retina. The phenomenon was investigated in 63 amblyopic patients to determine if the perception of the leukocytes in the amblyopic eye differs from that in the good eye. A difference in perception would provide a means of assessing amblyopia in eyes with opaque media. Ninety-four percent of the amblyopic eyes perceived less sharp particles, 83% perceived fewer particles and 60% perceived slower particles than in the good eyes. In 86% of the amblyopic eyes, the tails were shorter than in the good eyes or absent entirely. The degree of amblyopia correlated with the difference in the number of leukocytes observed in each eye. No differences in the perception of leukocytes were reported by 20 normal subjects.
Of Authors and Harpooneers: Reading Melville's THE DART

Is it redundant to say that Moby-Dick is as much about Herman Melville's fascination with writing as it is about Ahab's obsession with the white whale? As often as we learn that this great epic is ...