cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploration of new limiter schemes for stress tensors in Lagrangian and ALE hydrocodes

Limiter schemes are chiefly responsible for making high-resolution computations realizable in Lagrangian, Eulerian and ALE hydrocodes. Robust limiter schemes that are frame invariant and preserve symmetry have been established for scalars and to an extent, for vectors. However such limiter schemes have not been formulated and reported in the literature for tensor variables. In this work, new designs for limiter schemes for stress tensors are explored. Novel design principles are introduced and several limiter schemes are constructed based on these guiding principles. A scaling technique based on invariants and two new designs for slope limiter are proposed. In contrast to conventional slope limiters, the scaling technique designed by constraining the second invariant of stress tensor ensures monotonicity compliance by scaling the eigenvalues of the reconstructed stress tensors. Scalar slope limiter constructed based on constraining the second invariant is a formulation to extract a slope limiter from the scaling procedure. The tensor slope limiter scheme proposed for limiting velocity gradients is also extended for constraining stress tensor and the results from the same are considered as the basis for comparing and establishing the various limiter schemes formulated in this work. These limiter formulations are compared and contrasted in a cell-centered Lagrangian framework augmented with hypo-elastic model, by virtue of several one- and two-dimensional example problems.
Hospitality Students' and Instructors' Perceptions of a Sense of Community and Learning in Online Classes: Do they see eye to eye?

Through this pedagogical study, the authors sought to learn more about hospitality students' and instructors' perceptions of online learning and a sense of community in the online classroom environment. A validated instrument, the Classroom Community Scale (CCS) was used and as expected, scores on the overall CCS and its Connectedness subscale were not significantly different for students and instructors. However, scores on the Learning subscale differed between students and instructors. Explanations are given for the study results and suggestions for enhancing online learning community environments are provided.
Head-and-neck organ doses from an episode of orthodontic care

Introduction: The high prevalence of orthodontic treatment in young people makes the associated radiation to the head and neck of potential public-health significance. In this study, we estimated secular changes (1963-2003) in age-specific organ doses associated with orthodontic care and collective organ doses in the United States in 1999. Methods: A survey of radiographic records at 1 university clinic was combined with published estimates to provide organ-specific radiation doses. Collective organ doses were estimated from the 1999 US Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends and published orthodontic utilization surveys. Results: Before 1992, orthodontic care in a university setting was associated with mean doses of 7.0 milligrays (mGy) to the thyroid, 0.8 mGy to the red bone marrow, 2.7 mGy to the brain, 13.2 mGy to the salivary glands, and 5.1 mGy to the bone. After 1992, the doses decreased to 2.8 mGy to the thyroid, 0.3 mGy to the red bone marrow, 0.7 mGy to the brain, 6.2 mGy to the saliva glands, and 2.4 mGy to the bone. Around 1999, the collective doses associated with orthodontic care in the United States in patients less than 19 years of age were 400 Gy to the red bone marrow and 3800 Gy to the thyroid. Conclusions: Orthodontic care, in part due to its high prevalence, potentially contributes significantly to the diagnostic radiation burden in those less than 19 years old in the United States.
Angiogenesis enhances the survival of cultured human fetal liver cells

Abstract Introduction: Hepatocyte cellular transplantation, a potential alternative to liver transplantation, has been successfully applied in animal models and in clinical studies as a "bridge" to transplantation. This approach is challenged by limited donor hepatocytes and by the inability to maintain the long-term survival and expansion of hepatocytes in vitro. We propose that the in vitro expansion and eventual therapeutic delivery of liver cells would be enhanced by co-culture with endothelial cells in active angiogenesis. Methods: Human fetal liver cells, enriched for hepatocyte progenitor cells (HPC) by FACS sorting, were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) either in a monolayer or in a 3D fibrin gel system (to induce angiogenesis). Angiogenesis in the 3D system was quantified by the Simple PCI software. HPC, transduced with the human albumin promoter-directed DsRed were tracked by microscopy and proliferation was measured by BrdU labeling. Alpha-fetoprotein and albumin was measured by ELISA. The association of HPC and HUVEC was examined by confocal microscopy. Results: Angiogenesis occurred within 16 days in 3D cultures. HPC survived longer in 3D HUVEC cocultures [> 60 days] than in 2D cocultures [26 ± 7 days] or when cultured alone [28 ± 6 days]. BrdU confirmed HPC proliferation in the 3D system and albumin production was greater in 3D cocultures [177.7 μg/mL/day] than in the 2D cocultures [30 μg/mL/day] or in HPC alone cultures [73.6 μg/mL/day]. Conclusions: Survival and expansion of liver HPC was greatly enhanced when in association of EC in active angiogenesis.
Properties of Multivariate Control Chart with Estimated Parameters

Abstract The Hotelling's T 2, multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA), and several multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) charts are examined in this paper. Two descriptions are given of each chart with estimated parameters for monitoring the mean of a vector of quality measurements. For each chart, one description explains how the chart can be applied with estimated parameters in practice, and the other description is useful for analyzing the run length performance of the chart. It is shown that, if the covariance matrix is in control, the run length distribution of most of these charts depends only on the distributional parameters through the size of the process shift in terms of statistical distance. Simulation is used to provide performance analyses and comparisons of these charts. An example is given to illustrate the MCUSUM and MEWMA charts when parameters are estimated.
Comparison of reactivation following shelf-life poisoning of the impregnated and coated powder cathodes☆

Abstract A comparative study has been made of impregnated W matrix cathodes (type B) and coated powder cathodes (CPC) in their ability to rapidly turn on after extended periods of shelf life. Particular performance objectives were to attain pulsed emission levels in excess of 3 A/cm 2 within five seconds after shelf-life periods corresponding to several years. Preliminary measurements indicate that the type B cathode is more subject to poisoning by small concentrations of gas components in the tube ambient than the CPC. Mass spectrometer gas analysis of desorption products suggests that some of these gas components picked up by the cathode during shelf life appear to be methyl and ethyl hydrocarbon fragments. (These findings are consistent with earlier results that showed increases in work function of the type B cathode during shelf life, were correlated with increases in carbon Auger peak heights.) Studies were made of the kinetics of reactivation (i.e., work function reduction) as the temperature was increased during the time of cathode turn-on. These indicated that under actual turn-on procedures following shelf life, the CPC would reactivate to give 4–5 A/cm 2 pulsed current density in ≈ 5 s compared to ≈ 45 s for the type B. To reach these emission levels, the work functions were 1.85 eV and 1250 K for the CPC and 2.0 eV and 1350 K for the type B.
AN ANALYSIS OF A CONTINGENCY PROGRAM ON DESIGNATED DRIVERS AT A COLLEGE BAR

The present study evaluated the effects of prompts and incentives on designated drivers in a bar. We defined the dependent variable as the percentage of customers either functioning as or riding with a designated driver. We used an ABCA design to evaluate the effectiveness of prompts and incentives on the dependent variable. Results indicated that the intervention was successful at increasing the ratio of safe to unsafe passengers in a bar.
Seizures increase acetylcholine and choline concentrations in rat brain regions

Seizures induced by three convulsant treatments produced differential effects on the concentration of acetylcholine in rat brain. Status epilepticus induced by (i) coadministration of lithium and pilocarpine caused massive increases in the concentration of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, (ii) a high dose of pilocarpine did not cause an increase of acetylcholine, and (iii) kainate increased acetylcholine, but the magnitude was lower than with the lithium/pilocarpine model. The finding that the acetylcholine concentration increases in two models of status epilepticus in the cortex and hippocampus is in direct contrast with many in vitro reports in which excessive stimulation causes depletion of acetylcholine. The concentration of choline increased during seizures with all three models. This is likely to be due to calcium- and agonist-induced activation of phospholipase C and/or D activity causing cleavage of choline-containing lipids. The excessive acetylcholine present during status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine was responsive to pharmacological manipulation. Atropine tended to decrease acetylcholine, similar to its effects in controls. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801, reduced the excessive concentration of acetylcholine, especially in the cortex. Inhibition of choline uptake by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) administered icv reduced the acetylcholine concentration in controls and when given to rats during status epilepticus. These results demonstrate that the rat brain concentrations of acetylcholine and choline can increase during status epilepticus. The accumulated acetylcholine was not in a static, inactive compartment, but was actively turning-over and was responsive to drug treatments. Excessive concentrations of acetylcholine and/or choline may play a role in seizure maintenance and in the neuronal damage and lethality associated with status epilepticus.
The viral infectivity factor (Vif) of HIV-1 unveiled

The viral infectivity factor (Vif) of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) is essential for efficient viral replication, yet was, until recently, enigmatic. This resulted from the complexity and cellular specificity of its function and the correspondingly complex systems that are required for its investigation. These limitations have been overcome and Vif function has been rapidly elucidated, with implications for the development of drugs to block its activity. These studies have revealed a novel component of the innate immune system, APOBEC3G, that lethally hypermutates retroviruses, including HIV-1. For HIV-1, the competition between the virus and APOBEC3G is tipped in favor of the invader by Vif, which binds to APOBEC3G and triggers its polyubiquitination and rapid degradation, thereby preventing its entry into progeny virions.
A single institutional experience of factors affecting successful identification of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer patients.

Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the standard of care in axillary staging of clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. We hypothesized that certain clinical parameters are associated with failure to identify a SLN. Methods We performed an institutional review board–approved, retrospective analysis of 402 consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent SLNB from 2000 to 2007. Results Of 402 patients, 399 had lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) performed at the time of radiocolloid injection. No significant differences in successful identification of a SLN were found with respect to patient age, histology, or pathologic status of the SLN. Thirteen of 27 patients with no nodes imaged on LSG failed to have a SLN identified at surgery, whereas only 8 of 372 patients with positive imaging on LSG failed to have a SLN identified at surgery (P Conclusion Successful identification of a SLN was influenced by BMI, institutional experience, and successful imaging by LSG. After gaining appropriate experience, the probability of successfully identifying a SLN at the time of surgery in a patient with BMI
Differentiation and identification of recombinant human erythropoietin and darbepoetin Alfa in equine plasma by LC-MS/MS for doping control.

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DPO) are protein-based drugs for the treatment of anemia in humans by stimulating erythrocyte production. However, these agents are abused in human and equine sports due to their potential to enhance performance. This paper describes the first method for differentiation and identification of rhEPO and DPO in equine plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS). The method comprised analyte extraction and enrichment by immunoaffinity separation with anti-rhEPO antibodies, dual digestion by trypsin and peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), and analysis by LC−MS/MS. Two unique deglycosylated tryptic peptides, 21EAENITTGCAEHCSLNENITVPDTK45 (T5) from rhEPO and 77GQALLVNSSQVNETLQLHVDK97 (T9) from DPO, were employed for differentiation and identification of rhEPO and DPO via LC retention times and major product ions. The limit of identification was 0.1 ng/mL for DPO and 0.2 ng/mL for rhEPO in equine plasma, and the limi...
The Revised Dolch List: Data and Rationale.

Abstract This article describes the development of the Revised Dolch List and presents information and research findings to support the claim that the Revised Dolch List has the following advantages over the original Dolch list: it is current; it contains words in the speaking vocabularies of young children; it accounts for a large percentage of words in basal readers; and it is useful at all levels of reading instruction. The Revised Dolch List is included in the article.
Adolescent decisional autonomy in research: issues in translating research into policy.

Adolescent decisional autonomy vis-a-vis research participation is an important area requiring further investigation of its boundaries, as the article by Cohn et al. (2005) highlights. As the resea...
Quantitative imaging microscopy for the sensitive detection of administered metal containing drugs in single cells and tissue slices-a demonstration using platinum based chemotherapeutic agents

We described the use of Nuclear microscopy (microbeam PIXE) for the quantitative micron scale analysis of platinum based chemotherapeutic agents in individual cell and tissue slices. We demonstrate that microbeam PIXE has the sensitivity and accuracy to quantitatively measure the uptake of the chemotherapeutic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) and monitor other endogenous metal contents in single cells in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Additionally, the technique can quantitatively image therapeutic levels of cisplatin and cisplatin analogs including cis-diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato] platinum (II) (carboplatin) in tissues from an animal model. This quantitative imaging microscopy has general application for the sensitive measurement of metal containing drugs/compounds at the cellular level and allows the study of cellular distribution and mechanism of action related to toxic response and cell function.
Gait Variability in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults

Objectives To describe gait variability at usual and fast walking speeds in community-dwelling older adults and to describe the effects of increasing gait speed on gait variability. Design Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Setting The Cardiovascular Health Study at the University of Pittsburgh. Participants Ninety-five community-living older adults, 54 women and 41 men, age 65 and older (mean age +/- standard deviation 79.4 +/- 3.37). Measurements Gait measured at participant's usual and fast walking speed collected using an instrumented walkway. Step-length and step-width variability were determined using the coefficient of variation. Results Step-length variability was greatest in those who walked the slowest (r = -0.66, P 0.10 m/second) had an increase in step-width variability when walking at a faster speed. Conclusions Step-length and step-width variability have opposite associations with gait speed in older adults. Improvement in step-length and step-width variability with attempted acceleration might be a key factor to examine in future studies of disability risk and therapeutic interventions.
Distinguishing between native and smelted coppers using PIXE spectrometry: a case history from early colonial America

Abstract During the recent excavation of a native American village at Governor’s Land, in Virginia, two burials were unearthed, each of which contained a jumble of human bones, some fabric and a large number of copper tube beads. PIXE analysis of a representative group of these beads showed that about one-third of them were shaped from pieces of native copper, while the remainder were fashioned from scraps of smelted copper. Since the latter must have come from Europe, these data place the village’s occupation in the decade either side of A.D. 1607, when the English first settled at nearby Jamestown.
Determination of terminal landing footprint for on-board terrain assessment and intelligent hazard avoidance

In this paper we develop a methodology based on ballistics to estimate the landing footprint associated with the powered terminal descent phase of a Mars soft landing.
PATTERNS OF ELEVATIONAL AND LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION, INCLUDING A "NICHE SWITCH," IN SOME GUANS (CRACIDAE) OF THE ANDES

A recently discovered population of Chamaepetes goudotii (Sickle-winged Guan) in the eastern Andes of southern Peru and northern Bolivia is anomalous in its high-elevation (above 3,000 m) distribution; populations from central Peru to not-them Colombia are found generally below 2,100 m. Several hypotheses are evaluated to account for the origin of such an unusual distribution. No evidence for long-distance dispersal or human introduction was found (and previous claims of introduction by ancient civilizations to account for disjunct distributions of two other species of New World birds are disputed). We propose that the current pattern is the result of fragmentation of a once continuous distribution. Hypotheses concerning the cause of the fragmentation and maintenance of the current pattern are evaluated. The relative consistency of elevational distributions of Andean bird species over broad latitudinal ranges (and dramatic differences in species composition with changes in elevation) provides circumstantial evidence against an autecological hypothesis that would propose that ecological requirements are met for C. goudotii only in the two disjunct regions. If potential competitors are restricted to congeners, no support can be found for a hypothesis based on interspecific competition. However, if the field of potential competitors is expanded to include morphologically similar confamilials, a striking pattern of generally nonoverlap- ping distributions in terms of elevation and latitude is revealed. Most striking is the reversal in elevations occupied by C. goudotii and Penelope montagnii. The reliance on interpretation for evaluating competing hypotheses makes such analyses inherently unsatisfying.
Transport policies in conflict: Deregulation, subsidies, and regional development in Indonesia

Abstract Dramatic economic growth in Indonesia over the past 20 years has been accompanied by a broad expansion in the transport sector. Priorities with respect to the sector have gradually changed but rehabilitation has been and continues to be very conspicuous. Several critical issues face the sector. Among these are the inefficiency of the railway, the continued deregulation of the port system and the matter of subsidies within the transport system. A dilemma in policy may be observed where the pursuit of the objectives of equity and income redistribution conflicts with efforts to improve the efficiency of investment alternatives. One of these areas of conflict is the Pioneer air and sea services which provide access to remote areas. The intent and impact of this program are examined. Observations on the current status of the sector and a complementary rationale for new directions in transport investment planning are examined.
Institutional mortality of the newborn: A report of 10,000 consecutive births

Summary In 10,000 consecutive births there were 225 stillbirths (2.25 per cent) and 9,775 infants born alive, of whom 201 infants (2.06 per cent) died in the hospital during the first fourteen days of life. Congenital weakness, accidents of labor, malformation, and asphyxia accounted for 90.5 per cent of the total deaths. In 9,775 consecutive live births there were 664 premature infants of whom 127 died (19.13 per cent). The total mortality for the premature infants accounted for 63.2 per cent of the 201 deaths.
Localization of a single sperm membrane autoantigen (RSA-1) on spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa.

Abstract The rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen RSA-1 is a sialoglycoprotein of 13,000 daltons which first appears on the surface of pachytene spermatocytes. Using specific antiserum to RSA-1 the antigen has been localized by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. On testicular cells labeled at 37°C, RSA-1 is seen in patches on the surfaces of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and over the acrosomal area of later spermatids and spermatozoa. Over the postacrosomal and middle-piece regions of late spermatids and spermatozoa the labeling appears uniform. The uniformity can be seen to stop abruptly at the equatorial segment-postacrosomal border. Labeling cells after fixation gives a uniform distribution of label over the surface where patches were seen at 37°C. The polypeptides recognized by the antiserum used for labeling were identified by immunoadsorbent chromatography and subsequent SDS-PAGE. In testicular cells anti-RSA-1 recognizes the 13,000-dalton form and another component which migrates with the dye front. In ejaculated spermatozoa anti-RSA-1 recognizes a distinct ejaculate complex of higher-molecular-weight proteins containing an 84,000-dalton major band and five minor components.
Prostaglandins prevent decreased epithelial cell proliferation associated with dextran sodium sulfate injury in mice.

Abstract Background & Aims: Although dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis is a commonly used model of colonic injury, the mechanism of this model is not understood. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of prostaglandins to the mechanism of DSS-induced epithelial injury. Methods: Mice were treated with 3% DSS in the drinking water for 5 days followed by water only (recovery). Tissue prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) levels were measured, proliferating cells per cecal crypt were determined by bromodeoxyuridine labeling, and the cellular localization of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: DSS decreased the number of proliferating epithelial cells per crypt by approximately 90% and decreased the height of cecal crypts by 40%. Administration of dimethyl PGE 2 with DSS reversed the effect of DSS on proliferation but not its effect on crypt shortening. COX-1 was expressed in the crypt epithelium and lamina propria mononuclear cells; DSS treatment down-regulated COX-1 expression only in the epithelium. Dimethyl PGE 2 reversed the effect of DSS on COX-1 expression. Recovery was associated with a return to normal COX-1 expression in the epithelium. COX-2 was expressed in lamina propria mononuclear cells. Conclusions: Epithelial cell proliferation in the presence of DSS contains a PGE 2 -sensitive component. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;115:874-882
Finite element approximation of a fourth order integro-differential equation

Abstract A Galerkin method for the approximation of a fourth order integro-differential equation is given. Direct implementation will result in a dense stiffness matrix; this difficulty is overcome by use of an iteration scheme which is shown to converge to the numerical solution.
Production of Pregnancy-Specific β1-Glycoprotein by Cultured Placental Cells

The synthesis of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (PSβG) was studied in simian virus 40 temperature-sensitive A mutant-transformed human first trimester and term placental cells. At the permissive temperature (33 C, transformed phenotype), they produced low levels of PSβG. At the restrictive temperature (40 C), the transformed phenotype was lost, and the production of PSβG was greatly enhanced. The PSβG produced by these transformed placental cells resembled the purified placental PSβG by several criteria. Both cell and placental PSβG bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose and were, therefore, glycoproteins. The cell PSβG cochromatographed with placental PSβG on a Bio-Gel A-0.5m column. Furthermore, the slopes of the dose-response curves for the cell PSβG were indistinguishable from that for placental PSβG. The synthesis of PSβG at both 33 and 40 C in these placental cells was greatly induced by sodium butyrate and 5-bromo-2’- deoxyuridine. Sodium butyrate was a more effective inducer at 33 C, whereas BrdUrd...
Provocation: An Ethic of Listening in/and Social Change

Women's rhetorical participation in society serves to enrich our democracy. This essay reconsiders listening in the public sphere as integral to multiactive situatedness, involving “other individua...
Relative Influence of Obesity and Diabetes on Plasma Alpha-Cell Glucagon

ABSTRACT Conflicting reports exist regarding the effects of obesity and diabetes on pancreatic alpha-cell function. For this reason plasma glucagon was measured in obese and lean nondiabetic and diabetic women during 30-min intravenous infusions of arginine (1.0 g/min) and glucose (1.5 g/min) and after a 400 g lean beef meal. Basal levels of glucagon were comparable in lean and obese nondiabetic groups, suppressed significantly during glucose infusions and rose to similar peak values after oral protein meals. Fasting glucagon concentrations in diabetic women were 20% higher than control levels despite fasting hyperglycemia and did not suppress after glucose administration. Glucagon responses to oral protein resembled those of nondiabetic subjects, although concentrations were higher throughout the procedure in association with abnormally elevated plasma glucose curves. Paradoxically, arginine infusions elicited greatly augmented increments of glucagon in nondiabetic obese women as well as in both groups o...
Use of the Interlock Fibered IDC Occlusion System in Clinical Practice

The use of coils in embolotherapy has been extensively described. Many different types of coils are commercially available for use. In 2006, the Interlock Fibered IDC Occlusion System (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) was introduced to clinical practice. In this article, embolotherapy with coils in general is discussed, and the use of the Interlock coils in particular is described in different clinical scenarios.
Optimization of SMB systems with linear adsorption isotherms by the Standing Wave Annealing Technique

In this paper a nonlinear mathematical programming model is formulated and is solved by an innovative stochastic optimization algorithm, Simulated Annealing. The model is designed for simultaneous optimization of all variables that determine the design and construction as well as the operating costs of an SMB system. At the core of this model are the standing wave equations, which are algebraic relationships that offer a significant modeling advantage in optimizing SMB systems. Specifically, by solving these equations the desired purity and yield for nonideal systems is guaranteed. They also provide computational efficiency and tractability by eliminating numerical solutions of ordinary or partial differential equations. The method introduced in this paper, the Standing Wave Annealing Technique (SWAT), will extend the applicability of the standing wave equations to solve efficiently any single or multiobjective optimization problem for binary SMB systems with linear adsorption isotherms. Two examples from...
Economic Analysis of Distributed Generation Options With Wide Turndown

Solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine (SOFCGT) hybrid systems have received much attention due to high predicted efficiencies, low emissions and low historical cost of natural gas. For market acceptance three criteria must be met: reliability, commercial availability and a positive net present value. This study deals primarily with the latter, comparing the net present value of the following four engines operating under a distributed or isolated loads: a simple cycle microturbine, a novel internally-cooled and recuperated (ICR) microturbine, a novel SOFCGT hybrid supported by the same ICR microturbine, and a standard diesel engine. Due to the higher value of peak power, a system able to meet fluctuating power demands while retaining high efficiencies is strongly preferable to base load operation. Sensitivity analysis is made for variable prices of natural gas, electric rates, carbon tax, and SOFC capital costs.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Characteristics of the enzymatic capacity for cysteine desulfhydration in cat tissues.

Abstract 1. 1. When H2S production from cysteine was assayed in systems that contained 2 mM l -cysteine, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, 0.4 mM α-ketoglutarate, 150 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.4, and liver or kidney homogenates, cysteine desulfhydration appeared to be catalyzed by both cystathionine γ-lyase and the coupled activity of cysteine aminotransferase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. The contribution of cystathionine β-synthase could not be assessed from our data. 2. 2. When maximal rates of cysteine desulfhydration were measured in the presence of saturating concentrations of cysteine, α-ketoglutarate, and pyridoxal phosphate at pH 9.6, activity was highest in liver and heart. When α-ketoglutarate was omitted and the pH was 7.6, activity was highest in liver and kidney.
Clamping renal artery alone produces less ischemic damage compared to clamping renal artery and vein together in two animal models: near-infrared tissue oximetry and quantitation of 8-isoprostane levels.

To investigate renal ischemia injury during renal hilar clamping (artery alone versus clamping artery/vein together) by evaluating ischemic damage via two different modalities in animal models—near-infrared tissue oximetry and 8-isoprostane levels. Near-infrared renal oximetry measurements of Yorkshire swines (n = 4; 8 renal units) subject to hilar clamping were obtained at baseline, during warm ischemia (15- and 30-min trials) and after unclamping. Quantitation of 8-isoprostane levels is the second technique of quantitating interstitial fluid collected from a dialysis catheter placed through renal parenchyma of male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 50) subject to hilar clamping during preclamp, clamp (either 15 or 30 min of hilum clamping), and post-clamp. N ear-infrared tissue oximetry. In the 15-min trial, oxygen saturation decreased 6× faster with artery alone compared to artery/vein clamped together. In the 30-min trial, the decrease was 5× faster. Recovery of oxygen saturation with only artery clamped occurred more than 2× faster in the 15- and 30-min periods. Isoprostane. For 15-min clamp times, 8-isoprostane levels in the artery alone group demonstrated a 1.54 decrease in the artery clamped alone group (p = 0.006) versus artery/vein together: preclamp (11.47 and 11.63 pg/mL/g), clamp (14.61 and 17.70 pg/mL/g), and post-clamp (14.26 and 22.04 pg/mL/g). Renal ischemia injury from clamping the renal artery alone was significantly less than clamping artery/vein together demonstrated in two different techniques. Recovery of oxygen saturation was twofold faster, and mean post-clamp 8-isoprostane levels demonstrated a 1.54-fold decrease with clamping renal artery alone compared to clamping artery/vein together.
Review of Roger Hood and Surya Deva (Eds), Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia: Human Rights, Politics, and Public Opinion

This is an important book. With the Johnson and Zimring (2009)book of a few years back, it is one of the two most eye-opening books on the death penalty in Asia ever published. Anyone interested in the worldwide movement away from executions will be glad to have a copy in his or her hands. The volume is edited by Roger Hood, emeritus professor at Oxford and unquestionably among the top death penalty scholars in the world, and Surya Deva, a law professor at the City University of Hong Kong. Included are 14 original chapters written by an all-star cast of 15 authors. Earlier drafts of the papers were presented at a conference in Hong Kong in 2011. The chapters are divided into four sections: “Situating Asia in an International Human Rights Context,” “The Progress So Far,” “Public Opinion and Death Penalty Reform,” and “The Politics of Capital Punishment in Practice.” Four of the chapters focus on China, three on India, two on Japan, one on Singapore, and four on issues that can be applied more generally to Asia as a whole. Each chapter utilizes a numbered outline, making it easy for readers to follow. The editors turn to Saul Lehrfreund of The Death Penalty Project in London to set the table for the volume. For the past quarter century, Lehrfreund and his team have represented scores of death row clients from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean in courts in their home countries and before international tribunals. His chapter outlines various international treaties and agreements that have served to limit or outright ban the death penalty, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966. International agreements call for all countries that still use the death penalty to provide information on the frequency and scope of its use (an obligation that China, for one, continues to ignore), to restrict the death penalty to the most serious offenses, and to eliminate provisions that call for mandatory death sentences. Unquestionably, these international agreements are part of the reason why the death penalty worldwide has been increasingly restricted in the past 30 years. Indeed, two additional chapters in the book focus on efforts by abolitionist countries (principally Australia) and national human rights organizations in helping to pave the way for abolition. While it is generally agreed that China continues to carry out more executions than the rest of the world combined, the chapter by Liu Renwen from the Chinese Academy of Social Asian Criminology (2015) 10:251–253 DOI 10.1007/s11417-014-9192-8
Application of a blackboard framework to a cooperative fixture design system

An approach based on artificial intelligence techniques is proposed to develop an automated fixturing system that can interpret the semantic information of features of a 3-D object, created in a computer-aided design system, and suggest the possible clamping conditions on the object. This paper reports the preliminary work that investigates the suitability of using a blackboard framework as a problem-solving model to realize such a system. It describes the creation of functional knowledge sources (KSs)(for fixture design) in detail and demonstrates their applications in a cooperative problem solving environment. A preliminary system architecture implemented in the GBB blackboard system has been presented in the paper.
Branch-and-price-and-cut on the clique partitioning problem with minimum clique size requirement

Given a complete graph K"n=(V,E) with edge weight c"e on each edge, we consider the problem of partitioning the vertices of graph K"n into subcliques that have at least S vertices, so as to minimize the total weight of the edges that have both endpoints in the same subclique. In this paper, we consider using the branch-and-price method to solve the problem. We demonstrate the necessity of cutting planes for this problem and suggest effective ways of adding cutting planes in the branch-and-price framework. The NP hard pricing problem is solved as an integer programming problem. We present computational results on large randomly generated problems.
Electron probe surface mass spectrometry study of the hydrogen-100 nickel system

Abstract The adsorption and desorption kinetics of hydrogen on nickel surfaces have been studied using the technique of electron probe surface mass spectrometry. The 100 surface of nickel has been studied in detail. Hydrogen adsorption at 300°K shows evidence of a two step process. A model proposing a weakly bound molecular state and a strongly bound atomic state is developed. A family of theoretical hydrogen adsorption curves taken from this analysis agrees very well with the family of experimental curves taken with the hydrogen gas phase pressure as the variable. The threshold energy for electron induced H s + desorption from the weakly bound molecular state is found to be 15.0±0.5 eV. The cross section vs. energy curve for H s + is quite similar to that of gaseous molecular hydrogen. The absolute cross section for electron induced H s + from 100 nickel is roughly estimated to be ∼ 10 -18 cm 2 . 100 and 110 nickel show evidence of the two state adsorption process while 111 and polycrystalline nickel do not. CO adsorption is not detected on any of the single crystal surfaces, but is detected on polycrystalline nickel.
Hispanic educational attainment in sub‐baccalaureate programs

This chapter analyzes the educational attainment of Hispanic and other sub-baccalaureate students in certificate and associate degree programs.
The effect of Λ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the positive and negative feedback control of luteinizing hormone release

Abstract The principal psychoactive component of marihuana, Λ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), decreases serum LH levels when given to ovariectomized rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg. This same dose of THC blocks both the estrogen and progesterone mediated positive feed-back release of LH. The steroid-induced LH surge, when blocked by THC, reappears 24 h later. The positive feedback release of LH should serve as a suitable model to study the mechanism of action by which THC blocks the ovulatory LH surge.
The culture of high reliability: quantitative and qualitative assessment aboard nuclear-powered aircraft carriers

Abstract This investigation explores the culture of two nuclear powered aircraft carriers meeting the criteria for high reliability organizations. In the spirit of “triangulation”, use of a questionnaire-cultural assessment was supplemented with officer/expert interpretations and researcher observations of language manifestations of culture (e.g., stories, phrases), rites and ceremonials. Results indicate a different mix of cultural dimensions in these organizations than are usually found in other organizations and highlights some paradoxes. Future research directions are suggested.
Correction of clot retraction in thrombasthenia by ATP and ristocetin

Abstract The effect of ATP and ristocetin on clot retraction was examined in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. ATP alone, or ristocetin alone, when added to freshly drawn whole blood from thrombasthenic patients, produced some correction of clot retraction. However, combining these two agents completely normalized clot retraction. These results indicated that ATP and ristocetin act synergistically in restoring the ability of the thrombasthenic platelets to produce clot retraction.
Elder Mediation in Theory and Practice: Study Results From a National Caregiver Mediation Demonstration Project

Mediation is a process through which a third party facilitates discussion among disputing parties to help them identify interests and ideally reach an amicable solution. Elder mediation is a growing subspecialty to address conflicts involving older adults, primarily involving caregiving or finances. Mediation is theorized to empower participants but critics argue that it can exacerbate power imbalances among parties and coerce consensus. These contested claims are examined through study of a national caregiver mediation demonstration project. Study implications underscore the importance of gerontological social work expertise to ensure the empowerment of vulnerable older adults in mediation sessions.
Mapping and monitoring the extent of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Laurentian Great Lakes with multi-scale satellite remote sensing

Abstract A satellite-based algorithm intended to map submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which was mostly the nuisance algae Cladophora , for the Laurentian Great Lakes has been developed and successfully demonstrated in test areas in Lakes Michigan and Ontario. The new Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Mapping Algorithm (SAVMA) first utilizes deep water (opaque) radiance values to correct shallow water values (transparent) so that depth invariant reflectance values for all three visible Landsat bands of the lake bottom can be classified. Combinations of two bands are then used to generate a depth invariant bottom type index. The algorithm then maps the lake bottom into three types: sand, dense SAV, less dense SAV by thresh-holding the depth invariant reflectance values. The SAVMA also generates a biomass estimate by assigning an average dry weight obtained by field sampling to both the dense and less dense SAV areas identified by the algorithm. The algorithm performance was successfully evaluated on Lake Michigan at the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SBDNL) using Cladophora locations provided by diver survey as well as from an independent National Park Service monitoring. The SAVMA correctly mapped Cladophora to an approximate accuracy of 85%, where the misclassification was a result of mixed pixels due to the resolution of the Landsat data and imprecise atmospheric corrections. The algorithm was also successfully evaluated in Lake Ontario near Pickering, ON. The SAVMA was then used to generate both short and long term time-series analyses of Cladophora extent at SBDNL.
Gays and the Cuban Revolution: The Case of Reinaldo Arenas

Persecution of homosexuals has been, to a great extent, a war waged by the Castro government in efforts to destroy the most resistant kind of social bond in the nation: resistant, because for centuries it has been accustomed to survive under repressive circumstances, because its natural environment has been secrecy.—Ana Maria Simo and Reinaldo Garcia RamosLiterature is queer stuff, and I am truly a queer.-Virgilio Pinera
Political Institutions, Trade Openness, and Economic Growth: New Evidence

ABSTRACTWe present new evidence on the relationship between political institutions, trade openness, and economic growth using a panel of over 200 countries and eight nonoverlapping five-year average observations for 1975–2010. We explore (1) whether political institutions lead to lower economic growth rates and (2) whether income per capita and trade openness curb the persistence of these institutions. The panel data estimation results suggest that most of our political institution proxies do not hinder economic growth. However, increases in per capita income, trade openness, and education curtail the persistence of these political institutions.
Transport in refractory metals and their interaction with SiO2: Comparison of tungsten and molybdenum☆

Abstract We have investigated sputtered and electron-beam-evaporated thin films of tungsten and molybdenum deposited onto 100 A SiO 2 . These two refractory metals have comparable room temperature resistivities (5–6 μΩ cm) and a work function at the midgap between n + and p + polycrystalline silicon. Therefore both can be considered for application as a gate electrode in submicron very large scale integration technology. We have probed their interaction with SiO 2 using Auger spectroscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and with current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics of molybdenum and tungsten metal/oxide/ semiconductor (MOS) capacitors as a function of the annealing temperature. We have also measured electrical resistivity in the 4.2–300K temperature range to ascertain the differences and the similarities between the two. We find that, in terms of resistivity, the difference between the two metals is slight. Although at room temperature, ρ Mo is 10% higher than ρ w , at liquid nitrogen, molybdenum is around 30% more conductive after a 900–1000°C anneal. The interface with SiO 2 appears in CTEM to be very smooth for both. Auger depth profiling, however, reveals some interface interaction for molybdenum, but not tungsten. This is confirmed with leakage and breakdown measurements on an MOS capacitor structure 32 mm in diameter. After anneals at and above 900°C, molybdenum capacitors on 100 A oxide are all shorted. The same annealing schedule produces a reasonable distribution of breakdown voltages for tungsten capacitors.
JUDICIAL REVIEW AND THE SACRED COW OF SELF‐REGULATION

In recent years there has been a series of decisions considering the extent to which the self‐regidatory organisations (SROs) are amenable to judicial review. This briefing surveys those decision and highlights the restrictive nature of judicial review of SROs. The author discusses the reasons for non‐intervention by the courts and suggests that the courts may be paying too much deference to self‐regulation.
Some Numerical Aspects of a Steady Won-Entraining Severe Storm with Sloping Updrafts.

Abstract A non-entraining, axially symmetric, steady-state sloping model of a severe storm is developed. This model allows the systematic variation of input parameters for evaluating the relative sensitivity of the various physical terms considered to changes in each other. Evidence is presented to illustrate the inter-dependence between the maximum vertical velocity and storm slope, radius and shape of the vertical velocity profile. The validity and limitations of the model are discussed. Plans to generalize the model for future research are briefly indicated.