cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Density of tobacco retail outlets and tobacco control-related information environment in public places in Qingdao city,China

Objective To examine the density of tobacco retail outlets around communities and to describe the information environment regarding tobacco use in public places of Qingdao city. Methods We investigated the location of932 tobacco retail outlets and information environment related to tobacco use in 2 339 public places( 1 568 restaurants,63 hospitals,142 schools,340 exercise places,and 226 roads) around 27 communities randomly selected from four districts( Shi'nan,Shibei,Sifang,and Licang) of Qingdao city. Results The tobacco outlets density was 5. 7 per 1 000 residents. Among the 932 tobacco retail outlets,63. 9% had reminding mark of "Selling cigarettes here"outside the store,4. 1% showed the mark of "No sales to minors". The ratio of negative information( tobacco advertisements) to positive information( warning message) was 142: 1. Among all the public places surveyed,only 1. 1% were smoking-free units where smoking being forbidden absolutely and 2. 8% posted the mark of "No smoking",but 1. 4% presented tobacco advertisements and no warning massages such as"Smoking is harmful to health"were found. Conclusion The density of tobacco outlets is high and information environment in public places is not conducive for tobacco control in Qingdao city and governmental agencies should pay more attentions to improve the situation.
Design of the Medical Oxygen Equipment Remote Alarm System Based on GSM Text Message

Objective To design a remote alarm system based on GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) short message for monitoring the medical oxygen equipment and the engine room so as to realize the remote surveillance and alarm functions through sending text messages via the mobile phone.Methods The single chip microcomputer technology is adopted to analyze and judge signals collected by a variety of sensors and to realize the functions of sending and receiving messages through communication with the GSM module.Results The practice shows that when the oxygen equipment and the engine room encounter failures or unexpected situations,the system can send alarm short messages to a number of staff promptly,reminding them of preparing emergency measures.Conclusion Application of the system can make oxygen generating station unattended,which is of great practical value.
The Influence of the Ions in Solution on the Growth of Bioleaching Engineering Bacteria

This paper expatiated the superiority of bioleaching compared with traditional leaching technics, and in- troduced the application of this kind of research, based on summarizing research work in recent years on mecha- nism of bioleaching of refractory gold ore bearing arsenic and the influence coming ftom some kinds of ions.
Abstract 061: Prevention Of Oxidative Stress In The Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) Does Not Attenuate Hypertension During High Fat Diet (HFD), Despite Blunting Weight Gain.

We recently reported that PVN-specific deletion of the NADPH oxidase subunit p22 phox attenuates oxidative stress in this brain region and prevents diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. In addition to its importance in the regulation of energy homeostasis, the PVN is a well-described cardiovascular regulatory center. Since increased oxidative stress in the central nervous system is causally linked to both hypertension and obesity, we hypothesized that attenuating oxidative stress in the PVN would reduce sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and improve hypertension during HFD. In mice harboring loxP-sites flanking the p22 phox gene (p22 phox/flox ), we tested if p22 phox deletion in the PVN reduces arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) during HFD. For these experiments, p22 phox/flox mice underwent bilateral PVN-targeted injection of adenoviral vectors encoding Cre recombinase (AdCre) or control LacZ (AdLacZ). Following 1-week recovery, mice were started on a 42% HFD or normal chow (NC). After 7 weeks of HFD, radiotelemeters were implanted and 3 weeks later (after 10 weeks HFD) we recorded AP and HR. HFD caused a significant elevation in AP (AdLacZ NC: 104 ± 2.8 mmHg vs. AdLacZ HFD 113 ± 0.6 mmHg n = 3-5, P phox in the PVN (AdLacZ HFD: 32 ± 1.2 g, vs. AdCre HFD 27 ± 0.6 g, P 0.05) or HR (AdLacZ HFD 537 ± 12.3 bpm vs. AdCre HFD: 540 ± 6.3 bpm, n = 5, P > 0.05). We utilized power spectral analysis of AP variability to assess SNA in mice during NC and HFD. We found that HFD elevated SNA similarly in AdLacZ and AdCre mice (1.7-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively vs. NC mice, P > 0.05). Thus, while our data demonstrate that oxidative stress in the PVN is a major player in the regulation of metabolism and adiposity, these results suggest that PVN oxidative stress does not contribute to increased SNA, AP or HR during HFD. While the underlying mechanism(s) of this divergence is currently being investigated, these data emphasize that there is differential central neural regulation of cardiovascular and metabolic responses to HFD.
Resistive Pulse Delivery of Single Nanoparticles to Electrochemical Interfaces.

An experimental system for controlling and interrogating the collisions of individual nanoparticles at electrode/electrolyte interfaces is described. A nanopipet positioned over a 400 nm radius Pt ultramicroelectrode is used to deliver individual nanoparticles, via pressure-driven solution flow, to the underlying electrode, where the nanoparticles undergo collisions and are detected electrochemically. High-velocity collisions result in elastic collisions of negatively charged polystyrene nanospheres at the Pt/water interface, while low-velocity collisions result in nanoparticle adsorption (“sticky” collisions). The ability to position the nanopipet with respect to the underlying ultramicroelectrode also allows the time between particle release from the nanopipet and electrode collision to be investigated as a function of nanopipet–electrode separation, d. The time between release and collision of the nanoparticle is found to be proportional to d3, in excellent agreement with an analytical expression for c...
Summer Customs: May Day and Midsummer Divination

In popular imagination, May Day is the most familiar of British folk customs. With its iconic maypole, and the accompanying garlands, ribbon dances, processions, hobby horses and Morris dancers, it has become, as E. P. Thompson and others have shown, the embodiment of ‘Merrie England’. But for all their familiarity, whether these customs and practices are indeed continuous with those of happier ‘Old-Style days’ is problematic. In fact, the evidence suggests that the form and popularity of May Day celebrations has changed over the centuries, with some falling into abeyance, and others deliberately introduced. Historically, there has been no ‘single dominant version of the May celebration’. As Roy Judge has argued, ‘the ordinary person might well feel a misplaced confidence that he was well-informed about May Day’, while in reality simply taking on trust a collection of material ‘created by romantic imagination’, an established ‘May-Day repertoire […] of allusions of dubious authority that occur with regularity in the material used by folklorists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’.
Frequency of extra-pair paternity in Scissor-tailed Flycatchers (Tyrannus forficatus) and other suboscines: are oscines and suboscines different?

ABSTRACT Extra-pair paternity (EPP) appears to be widespread in passerine birds, but few studies have focused on suboscine species, and therefore it is unclear if this generalization can be extended to this group. In this study, we document high rates of EPP in a socially monogamous, suboscine passerine, the Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus) in southwest Oklahoma in the summers of 2009–2011. Averaged across years, EPP occurred in 66% of nests in our study population and accounted for 49% of all nestlings. EPP rates were variable (50–88%), but did not differ significantly among years or between two study sites. Our review of the literature yielded EPP data for only 11 other species of suboscines (0.7% of total), which we compared to EPP rates for the 83 oscine species (1.9% of total) reported in Spottiswoode and Moller (2004). EPP was as common and variable in suboscines (21.7% of young) as oscines (17.5% of young). Our study adds to our knowledge of mating systems in the understudied subosci...
Mitochondria Localize to Injured Axons to Support Regeneration.

Axon regeneration is essential to restore the nervous system after axon injury. However, the neuronal cell biology that underlies axon regeneration is incompletely understood. Here we use in vivo, single-neuron analysis to investigate the relationship between nerve injury, mitochondrial localization, and axon regeneration. Mitochondria translocate into injured axons so that average mitochondria density increases after injury. Moreover, single-neuron analysis reveals that axons that fail to increase mitochondria have poor regeneration. Experimental alterations to axonal mitochondrial distribution or mitochondrial respiratory chain function result in corresponding changes to regeneration outcomes. Axonal mitochondria are specifically required for growth-cone migration, identifying a key energy challenge for injured neurons. Finally, mitochondrial localization to the axon after injury is regulated in part by dual-leucine zipper kinase 1 (DLK-1), a conserved regulator of axon regeneration. These data identify regulation of axonal mitochondria as a new cell-biological mechanism that helps determine the regenerative response of injured neurons.
Low Tunnels as a Strawberry Breeding Tool and Season-Extending Production System

ABSTRACTStrawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) are economically valuable and popular with consumers who want to buy them all year round. However, a typical harvest season in most U.S. states is limited to only 3 to 4 weeks. Repeat-fruiting cultivars grown in these states could help meet that demand, especially if bred to be adapted to those states. To develop new repeat-fruiting cultivars that meet modern standards when grown in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic and similar regions, a production system utilizing low tunnels over raised white-plastic-covered beds was developed as a breeding tool to enable meaningful selection. The system also showed promise as a commercial production system. Fruit production using repeat-fruiting strawberries was compared with and without low tunnels. Season length was extended to 9 months. Total yield and marketable yield under low tunnels was 188% greater and 313% greater, respectively, compared with open beds. With no fumigation or fungicides, losses to fruit rots und...
The Energy of Polonium Alpha Particles as Determined by Different Methods

This paper discusses the best value for the particles emitted by 210Po to be used as a standard for the measurement of nuclear reaction energies. A new value for this energy was proposed1 at The First International Conference on Nuclidic Masses in 1960. Fig. 1 shows the situation at that time. The results of a number of determinations, made by several methods, are shown. Most values are labeled with the energy standard used, i. e., 214Po, Li7(p, n)Be7 threshold, or absolute. The determination labeled “present work” was a comparison2 with the Li7(P, n) threshold made by four different methods. The figure shows that the later value was considerably higher than any of the older determinations and was, in fact, 10 keV above the then accepted value. It will be shown below that the work in various laboratories since 1960 has greatly reduced these discrepancies.
Molecular Diversity of Sea Spray Aerosol Particles: Impact of Ocean Biology on Particle Composition and Hygroscopicity

The impact of sea spray aerosol (SSA) on climate depends on the size and chemical composition of individual particles that make up the total SSA ensemble. There remains a lack of understanding as to the composition of individual particles within the SSA ensemble and how it changes in response to dynamic ocean biology. Here, we characterize the classes of organic compounds as well as specific molecules within individual SSA particles. The diversity of molecules within the organic fraction was observed to vary between submicrometer- and supermicrometer-sized particles and included contributions from fatty acids, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and siliceous material. Significant changes in this molecular diversity were observed to coincide with the rise and fall of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria populations within the seawater. Furthermore, the water uptake of individual particles was affected, as learned from studying the hygroscopicity of model systems composed of representative mixtures of salts and organic compounds.
Cross-Beam Laser Joining of AA 6111 to Galvanized Steel in a Coach Peel Configuration

Cross-beam laser joining of aluminum alloy 6111 to hot-dip galvanized steel in the coach-peel configuration was investigated with the addition of AA 4047 filler wire. The filler material was not only brazed onto the galvanized steel but also partially fusion-welded with the aluminum panel. Through adjusting the laser power to 3.4 kW, a desirable wetting and spreading of filler wire on both panel surfaces could be achieved, and the thickness of intermetallic layer in the middle section of the interface between the weld bead and steel was less than 2 μm. To better understand the solid/liquid interfacial reaction at the brazing interface, two rotary Gaussian heat source models were introduced to simulate the temperature distribution in the molten pool by using the finite element method. Joint properties were examined in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. During the tensile test, the fracture of coupons took place at the aluminum side rather than along the interface between the intermetallic layer and steel panel. No failure occurred during the three-point bending test.
Improved germination of silverleaf phacelia (Phacelia hastata Douglas ex Lehm. var. hastata)

Silverleaf phacelia ( Phacelia hastata Douglas ex Lehm. var. hastata [Hydrophyllaceae]) is a versatile and hardy native plant species with an aesthetically pleasing flower, silver-tinged leaves, and the ability to respond positively to nursery propagation protocols. Attempts to germinate this species without suitable pretreatment, however, have resulted in low and erratic germination due to seed dormancy, even though previous anecdotal studies have identified seed treatments for freshly harvested seeds. After-ripened seeds were subjected to seed structure identification and the following experiments to classify dormancy and to determine effective and efficient seed treatments for growers: 1) examination of water uptake; 2) growth of excised embryos; 3) effect of gibberellic acid; and 4) effect of mechanical scarification. Based on the results of all observations and experiments, dormancy was classified as physiological. Germination was most successful with excised embryos (100%), scarification (87%), and GA soak (48%), with scarification being the most effective and labor-efficient method for growers to use. Note that the highest treatment of GA, 1000 mg/l (1000 ppm), was not high enough to determine peak and toxicity levels, indicating that phacelia may respond to higher levels of GA.
Assessing tether anchor labeling and usability in pickup trucks

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to investigate vehicle factors associated with child restraint tether use and misuse in pickup trucks and evaluate 4 labeling interventions designed to educate consumers on proper tether use.Methods: Volunteer testing was performed with 24 subjects and 4 different pickup trucks. Each subject performed 8 child restraint installations among the 4 pickups using 2 forward-facing restraints: a Britax Marathon G4.1 and an Evenflo Triumph. Vehicles were selected to represent 4 different implementations of tether anchors among pickups: plastic loop routers (Chevrolet Silverado), webbing routers (Ram), back wall anchors (Nissan Frontier), and webbing routers plus metal anchors (Toyota Tundra). Interventions included a diagram label, Quick Response (QR) Code linked to video instruction, coordinating text label, and contrasting text tag.Results: Subjects used the child restraint tether in 93% of trials. However, tether use was completely correct in only 9% of trials...
Rural Level III centers in an inclusive trauma system reduce the need for interfacility transfer.

BACKGROUND Development of Level III trauma centers in a regionalized system facilitates early stabilization and prompt transfer to a higher level center. The resources to care for patients at Level III centers could also reduce the burden of interfacility transfers. We hypothesized that the development and designation of Level III centers in an inclusive trauma system resulted in lower rates of transfer, with no increase in morbidity or mortality among the non-transferred patients. METHODS State trauma registry data from January 2009 through September 2015 were examined from five rural hospitals that transfer patients to our highest (Level II) trauma center and resource hospital. These five rural hospitals began receiving state support in 2010 to develop their trauma programs and were subsequently verified and designated Level III centers (three in 2011, two in 2013). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the adjusted odds of patient transfers and adverse outcomes, while controlling for age, gender, penetrating mechanism, presence of a traumatic brain injury, arrival by ambulance, and category of Injury Severity Score. The study period was divided into "Before" Level III center designation (2009-2010) and "After" (2011-2015). RESULTS 7,481 patient records were reviewed. There was a decrease in the proportion of patients who were transferred After (1,281/5,737) compared to Before (516/1,744) periods (22% vs. 30%, respectively). After controlling for the various covariates, the odds of patient transfer were reduced by 32% (p < 0.0001) during the After period. Among non-transferred patients, there were no significant increases in adjusted odds of mortality, or hospitalizations of seven days or more, Before versus After. CONCLUSIONS Development of rural Level III trauma centers in a regionalized system can significantly reduce the need for transfer to a remote, higher level trauma center. This may benefit the patient, family, and trauma system, with no adverse effect upon patient outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiological, level III.
Effect of Nitrous Oxide as a Treatment for Subjective, Idiopathic, Nonpulsatile Bothersome Tinnitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance The tinnitus research literature suggests thatN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists may be useful in reducing tinnitus. Nitrous oxide, a member of the NMDA receptor antagonist class, is a widely used general anesthetic and sedative with a proven safety record. Objective To investigate whether nitrous oxide can reduce bothersome tinnitus. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial conducted between October 15, 2016, and June 22, 2017. Participants attended 2 interventional sessions separated by at least 14 days and were randomized to receive either placebo first or nitrous oxide first. Participants were followed up through completion of the second arm of the study. The setting was a clinical research unit at an academic medical center. Adults aged 18 to 65 years with subjective, idiopathic, nonpulsatile bothersome tinnitus of 6 months’ duration or longer were recruited from 2 clinical research databases. Seventy-one individuals were screened, of whom 40 were enrolled. Of those enrolled, 37 participants completed all components of the study. Interventions The placebo session consisted of 50% nitrogen and 50% oxygen inhaled for 40 minutes, and the treatment session consisted of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen inhaled for 40 minutes. Main Outcomes and Measures Tinnitus was assessed before and after intervention, with the change in the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the Patients’ Global Impression of Change score and the change in the Global Bothersome Scale score. Results Among 40 participants in this intent-to-treat randomized clinical trial with 20 participants randomly assigned to each group, the mean (SD) age of participants was 52.9 (11.1) years, with equal numbers of male and female participants. The TFI after intervention was a mean (SD) of 1.8 (8.8) points lower than before intervention in the placebo arm and a mean (SD) of 2.5 (11.0) points lower than before intervention in the nitrous oxide arm. The within-participant mean difference in the change in the TFI of the placebo arm compared with the nitrous oxide arm was −1.1 points (95% CI, −5.6 to 3.4 points). The difference between the placebo and nitrous oxide arms was neither clinically meaningful nor statistically significant. Conclusions and Relevance Nitrous oxide was no more effective than placebo for the treatment of subjective, idiopathic tinnitus. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03365011
Diagnosing posterior tibial tendon tear with dynamic ultrasound following tibial intramedullary nailing

Complications following tibial intramedullary nailing include anterior knee pain, malunion, nonunion, and symptomatic/prominent interlocking screws. We report a case of a posterior tibial tendon tear caused by placement of a distal interlocking screw which was detected via dynamic ultrasound. This is a rare and possibly underreported complication which could be the cause of persistent medial sided ankle pain following locked tibial nail placement.
Evaluation of Antibiotic-Releasing Triphasic Bone Void Filler In-Vitro

Bone void fillers (BVFs) containing calcium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hydroxyapatite can be loaded with antibiotics for infection treatment or prevention under surgeon-directed use. The aim of this study was to characterize the handling and elution properties of a triphasic BVF loaded with common antibiotics. BVF was mixed with vancomycin and/or tobramycin to form pellets, and the set time was recorded. A partial refreshment elution study was conducted with time points at 4, 8, and 24 h, as well as 2, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Effects on dissolution were evaluated in a 14-day dissolution study. Set time increased to over 1 h for groups containing tobramycin, although vancomycin had a minimal effect. Pellets continued to elute antibiotics throughout the 42-day elution study, suggesting efficacy for the treatment or prevention of orthopedic infections. BVF containing vancomycin or tobramycin showed similar dissolution at 14 days compared to BVF without antibiotics; however, BVF containing both antibiotics showed significantly more dissolution.
An estimation of NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision demand as a two-part tariff

College football is one of the highest revenue generators for university athletic departments, and revenue from attendance is one of the major football revenue sources. This paper seeks to estimate the demand for Football Bowl Subdivision (Division I) college football using athletic department supplied financial information. I find that Football Bowl Subdivision athletic department's price spectator demand is consistent with two‐part tariffs.
Baby, You are My Religion: Women, Gay Bars, and Theology Before Stonewall

Baby You Are My Religion argues that American butch-femme bar culture of the mid-20th Century should be interpreted as a sacred space for its community. Before Stonewall - when homosexuals were still deemed mentally ill - these bars were the only place where many could have any community at all. Baby, You are My Religion explores this community as a site of a lived corporeal theology and political space. It reveals that religious institutions such as the Metropolitan Community Church were founded in such bars, that traditional and non-traditional religious activities took place there, and that religious ceremonies such as marriage were often conducted within the bars by staff. Baby, You are My Religion examines how these bars became not only ecclesiastical sites but also provided the fertile ground for the birth of the struggle for gay and lesbian civil rights before Stonewall.
Notes Toward a Minor Sociology

Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of minor literature, minor sociology refers to an epistemological and political program for sociology (and social/cultural analysis more generally) that ch...
Forms of Selenium in Vitamin-Mineral Mixes Differentially Affect Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, and Serum Albumin and Blood Urea Nitrogen Concentrations, of Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that sodium selenite (ISe), SEL-PLEX (OSe), vs. a 1:1 blend (MIX) of ISe and OSe in a basal vitamin-mineral mix would differentially affect serological and hepatic parameters of growing steers grazing toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue-mixed forage pasture. Predominately Angus steers (BW = 183 ± 34 kg) were randomly selected from herds of fall-calving cows grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue-mixed pasture and consuming vitamin-mineral mixes that contained 35 ppm Se as ISe, OSe, and MIX forms. Steers were weaned, depleted of Se for 98 d, and subjected to summer-long common grazing of an endophyte-infected tall fescue-mixed pasture (0.51 ppm total ergovaline + ergovalinine; 10.1 ha). Steers were assigned (n = 8 per treatment) to the same Se form treatments upon which they were raised. Se treatments were administered by daily top-dressing 85 g of vitamin-mineral mix onto 0.23 kg soyhulls, using in-pasture Calan gates. The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess the effect of Se form treatments on serum parameters at day 0, 22, 43, 64, and 86. After slaughter, the effect of Se treatment on hepatic alkaline phosphatase (tissue nonspecific isoform, TNALP) mRNA, protein, and albumin protein content was assessed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. Fisher's protected LSD procedure was used to separate treatment means. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among whole blood Se concentration and serum parameters, accounting for the effect of time. Across periods, MIX steers had more (P ≤ 0.04) serum albumin than OSe and ISe steers, respectively. However, the relative hepatic bovine serum albumin protein content was not affected (P = 0.28) by Se treatments. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was greater (P ≤ 0.01) in MIX and OSe steers. Similarly, hepatic TNALP protein content in MIX steers was greater (P = 0.01) than ISe steers. Partial correlation analysis revealed that serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase activity were correlated (r ≥ 0.23, P ≤ 0.02) with whole blood Se concentration. In summary, consumption of 3 mg Se/d as OSe or MIX forms of Se in vitamin-mineral mixes increased serum albumin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity, the reduction of which is associated with fescue toxicosis. We conclude that the organic forms of Se ameliorated the depression of 2 of known serological biomarkers of fescue toxicosis.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of Telelactation among Rural Breastfeeding Women

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility and impact of telelactation via personal electronic devices on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity among rural women. Methods The Tele-MILC trial, a pragmatic, parallel design trial, recruited 203 women during their postpartum hospitalization in a critical access hospital in Pennsylvania and randomized them to receive telelactation (n=102) or usual care (n=101). We used intent-to-treat (ITT) and instrumental variable (IV) approaches to analyze study data for the 187 participants who completed follow-up. The primary outcomes were any breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at 12 weeks postpartum. Results Among participants in the telelactation arm, 50% (47/94) reported participating in video calls. At 12 weeks, 71% of participants in the telelactation arm vs. 68% of control participants were breastfeeding in the ITT model (3% difference, p=0.73), whereas 73% of participants in the telelactation arm vs. 68% of control participants were breastfeeding in the IV model (5% difference, p=0.74). Among participants who were still breastfeeding at 12 weeks, 51% participants in the telelactation arm were breastfeeding exclusively vs. 46% of control participants in the ITT model (5% difference, p=0.47), whereas 56% of participants in the telelactation arm were breastfeeding exclusively vs. 45% of control participants in the IV model (11% difference, p=0.48). In all models, participants in the telelactation arm were breastfeeding at higher rates; however, differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions This trial demonstrated that telelactation can be implemented with a rural underserved population. Though this trial was not powered to detect differences in breastfeeding duration and exclusivity, and none were observed, telelactation remains a promising approach for further investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02870413
TO ICD OR NOT TO ICD: CLINICAL DECISION MAKING IN AN LONG QT SYNDROME MALE PATIENT

Risk for arrhythmic events in LQTS patients can vary by genotype and variant site, QTc duration, history of syncope, beta-blocker use (BB), age and sex. 49 year old male with history of reported “WPW” diagnosed at age 13 and on BB in the past presents for evaluation of seizure-like activity
Spatial characteristics of non-iodized salt at household level based on geographic information system in Chongqing

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of non-iodized salt at household level based on geographic information system (GIS) in Chongqing.Methods The database of non-iodized salt at county level from 2001 to 2010 was established in Chongqing.By using GIS technology,the spatial distribution and spatial autocorrelation were analyzed by ArcGIS 9.3 software.Results The rate of non-iodized salt was fluctuated between 2.35％-5.78％ during 2001-2006 and the rate was reduced to less than 2.00％ after 2007.The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis on non-iodized salt from 2001 to 2006 indicated that Moran's Ⅰindex was 0.145578,0.078801,0.108033,0.091957,0.127749,0.214302,respectively(Z value was 3.066275,1.977321,2.541619,2.309972,2.900446,3.874203,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).The spatial distribution of non-iodized salt had marked spatial cluster through Chongqing region from 2001 to 2006.The result of local spatial autocorrelation analysis from 2001 to 2006 indicated that Fengdu and Fuling were two high-risk areas(all P ＜ 0.05).Dianjiang,Yubei,Jiangbei,Wulong and Banan were also confirmed as high-risk areas in 2001,2005 and 2006(all P ＜ 0.05).The results also indicated that the distribution of non-iodized salt in the seven high-risk areas was positively correlated.The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis on non-iodized salt from 2007 to 2010 indicated that Moran's Ⅰ index was 0.018361,0.016186,0.040769,-0.059691,respectively (Z value was 1.093310,0.787361,1.071811,-0.583820,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).The spatial distribution of non-iodized salt was at random on the whole from 2007 to 2010.However,there were four local high-risk areas.The distribution in Fengdu and Dianjiang was positively correlated,while that in Jiangjin and Shizhu was negatively correlated.Conclusions The distribution of non-iodized salt at households level in Chongqing is changed from spatial distribution before 2006 to random distribution after 2007,but there are high value areas,which should be taken as the focus of monitoring. Key words: Iodine; Salts; Spatial autocorrelation; Chongqing
Cancer diagnostic profile in children with structural birth defects: An assessment in 15,000 childhood cancer cases.

BACKGROUND Birth defects are established risk factors for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, cancer epidemiology in children with birth defects is not well characterized. METHODS Using data from population-based registries in 4 US states, this study compared children with cancer but no birth defects (n = 13,111) with children with cancer and 1 or more nonsyndromic birth defects (n = 1616). The objective was to evaluate cancer diagnostic characteristics, including tumor type, age at diagnosis, and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS Compared with the general population of children with cancer, children with birth defects were diagnosed with more embryonal tumors (26.6% vs 18.7%; q < 0.001), including neuroblastoma (12.5% vs 8.2%; q < 0.001) and hepatoblastoma (5.0% vs 1.3%; q < 0.001), but fewer hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (12.4% vs 24.4%; q < 0.001). In age-stratified analyses, differences in tumor type were evident among children younger than 1 year and children 1 to 4 years old, but they were attenuated among children 5 years of age or older. The age at diagnosis was younger in children with birth defects for most cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, embryonal tumors, and germ cell tumors (all q < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate possible etiologic heterogeneity in children with birth defects, have implications for future surveillance efforts, and raise the possibility of differential cancer ascertainment in children with birth defects. LAY SUMMARY Scientific studies suggest that children with birth defects are at increased risk for cancer. However, these studies have not been able to determine whether important tumor characteristics, such as the type of tumor diagnosed, the age at which the tumor is diagnosed, and the degree to which the tumor has spread at the time of diagnosis, are different for children with birth defects and children without birth defects. This study attempts to answer these important questions. By doing so, it may help scientists and physicians to understand the causes of cancer in children with birth defects and diagnose cancer at earlier stages when it is more treatable.
On Re-considering The First as a News Value to Avoid Stereotyping

By framing the tragic death of an African-American woman firefighter as the first in Philadelphia to die in the line of duty working at a job typically held by men, journalists crafted a story that...
Comparing plasma conditions in short-pulse-heated foils via fine-structure x-ray emission

Fine-structure x-ray spectra have been measured from foils with embedded tracer layers at two laser facilities. A suite of layered foils with thin Ti tracers under varied tamper layers was studied at both the Titan and the ALEPH 400 nm laser facilities, where Ti Heα emission was recorded using a high-resolution Bragg crystal spectrometer. Several indicators of plasma parameters are examined in the spectra, including temperature- and density-dependent line ratios and line broadening from Stark and opacity effects. Spectra indicate that (1) the plasma density at ALEPH is significantly higher than at Titan and (2) the electron temperature is high for near-surface layers at both facilities but drops more quickly with depth at ALEPH. These inferences of plasma conditions are consistent with differing levels of temporal contrast at each laser facility.
The Effects of Sustainability Perceptions on Perceived Values and Brand Love for Outdoor versus Fast Fashion Apparel Brands

Sustainability is an imperative strategy for businesses today. Many apparel brands have implemented sustainable practices in their operations which often affect consumers’ perception of the brand related to sustainability. The purpose of this research was to investigate the perception of sustainability and brand love amongst Generation Z consumers by comparing outdoor and fast fashion apparel brands. A total of 213 usable data were used for data analyses. The results of the study indicate Generation Z consumers’ brand love is more related to the perceived quality of outdoor apparel brands than on the perceived value of fast fashion apparel brands. Applying the value creation framework, the value consumers place on apparel is related to sustainability based on the perceived quality of products. This will eventually impact the profitability and long-term viability of the company.
Type 2 diabetes and neonatal hypoglycemia: role of route of delivery and insulin infusion.

OBJECTIVE To compare the rate of neonatal hypoglycemia among newborns delivered by individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in two clinical scenarios: who attempted vaginal delivery vs. had a planned cesarean delivery (CD); who had intrapartum insulin infusion vs. who did not. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals with insulin-treated T2DM who had non-anomalous singleton pregnancy and delivered at a single tertiary center (March 2012 and May 2018). Individuals with chronic renal failure, proliferative retinopathy, or major congenital anomalies were excluded. The primary outcome was neonatal hypoglycemia (blood glucose 24 h of age). Secondary outcomes included neonatal outcomes. Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to examine the association between groups and the primary outcome. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Of 233 individuals with T2DM, 215 (92.2%) met the inclusion criteria, of whom 95 (44%) attempted vaginal delivery and 120 (56%) had a planned CD. Individuals who labored had a higher gestational age at delivery (36.6 vs. 35.8 weeks, p = .005), and higher blood glucose levels upon admission (125 vs 103, p < .001) compared to those with a planned CD. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no difference in risk of neonatal hypoglycemia between the groups (41.2 vs 44.1%, aRR 1.05, 95% CI = 0.75-1.45). Among those who attempted vaginal delivery, 34 (35.8%) required insulin infusion. There was no difference in the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia (aRR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.45-1.37) between newborns delivered by individuals who required insulin infusion and those who did not. CONCLUSION Over 40% of newborns delivered by individuals with insulin-dependent T2DM had hypoglycemia; however, there was no significant difference in the risk of hypoglycemia, irrespective of the route of delivery and the use of insulin infusion.
The New Susan B. Anthony Dollar

On July 1, 1979, a new coin, the Susan B. Anthony dollar, was added to the nation's mix of currency and coin in circulation. The new coin, while technically a direct substitution for the larger and weightier Eisenhower dollar, was designed to more actively circulate and to be a major element in the currency mixture. This paper reports on an exploratory study undertaken for the Federal Reserve: System to test consumer and retailer attitudes and perceptions towards parts of the coin and currency system with particular emphasis on the new dollar coin.
A weighted voting model of associative memory: theoretical analysis

In this paper we investigate a RAM-based associative memory that uses a weighted voting scheme. We adopt the testing protocols commonly used in the area of face recognition, and propose that the capacity of the system be measured by the results of an identification test (ability to properly recognize known information) and a watch-list test (ability to properly reject inputs that should not be matched with any of the memory set patterns). For the case of binary and random memory sets, we are able to derive theoretical expressions characterizing the performance of the weighted voting memory on both of these tests.
Graphical Support for Parallel Debugging

Although debuggers and other tools for parallel programming are becoming more widely available, they are often criticized for their failure to characterize program execution in a useful or meaningful way. Graphical representations, which are capable of conveying large quantities of information along several semantic dimensions, offer the most promising direction for describing parallel execution. This presentation outlines the problems in visualizing parallel program behavior and reviews recent efforts to develop techniques suitable for a variety of debugging and performance analysis tools.
Transparent bridging support in high speed interworking units

The High Performance Transparent Bridge (HPTB) architecture is described. The modula architecture of the HPTB is based on an internal switching component interconnecting various concurrently operating network attachment units. The bridge protocol entities are properly partitioned and performance critical tasks, such as management of the filtering database and buffer management, are provided with special hardware support. The HPTB is capable of concurrently bridging asynchronous, synchronous, and isochronous traffic among heterogeneous networks, including traditional frame-based networks, such as local area networks (LANs), and cell-based networks using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology. >
Minicells of Bacillus subtilis: a New Bacteriophage-Blocking Agent

Abstract Bacteriophage SP01, SP17, and 29 rapidly absorb irreversibly to minicells of Bacillus subtilis but do not produce a lytic cycle in minicells.
Neural activity in prefrontal cortex during copying geometrical shapes. II. Decoding shape segments from neural ensembles.

We trained two monkeys to draw copies of geometrical shapes (e.g. squares, triangles) using a joystick, and found that several variables describing the arm trajectories were encoded in the activity of individual prefrontal neurons (Averbeck et al. 2003). Copy trajectories were drawn as sequences of segments, identified by the serial order in which they were drawn and the shape that they together produced. Here we use linear discriminant analysis to test how well the segments of copied shapes could be decoded from the neural activity patterns of small ensembles (3–22 neurons) of simultaneously recorded cells in prefrontal cortex. Using this analysis, the proper segment (drawn by the monkey) was correctly decoded from the ensemble activity pattern during the drawing of that segment in 60–80% of the cases when the largest ensembles were considered. The information transmitted by these ensembles, as well as by single neurons, was also calculated. We found that the information transmitted by the ensembles increased on average with the number of neurons they contained. Each neuron conveyed information about multiple segments within the drawing trajectory, suggesting that neurons were 'broadly tuned' across segments and that the neural code of segment was distributed.
Initial gate leakage in ultra thin SiO/sub 2/ - the role of a brief stress

For ultra thin oxide, the preferred plasma charging damage detection method has been narrowed down to initial gate leakage. The initial gate leakage measurement can in principle distinguish stress-induced-leakage-current (SILC) from soft breakdown if the test device is small. In a previous report, we showed that the expected sharp distinction between broken devices and non-broken devices does not exist when several devices are measured for very thin oxide. Here, the explanation for the lack of sharp distinction between broken and non-broken devices is provided with the support of new data. It is clear that there is a basic difference between plasma charging stress and bench-top electrical stress of ultra thin oxide. The results indicate that, to obtain a better measure of plasma charging damage using gate leakage, a brief stress is necessary.
Piroxicam inhibits the growth of an adenocarcinoma isograft in Fischer rats

Abstract The effect of piroxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on a transplantable adenocarcinoma in Fischer rats was studied. Forty male Fischer rats were injected with 1 × 106 DMH-F317 adenocarcinoma cells, and after 2 weeks were assigned to be treated with piroxicam or carrier solution. The groups were as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, 4.0 mg/kg piroxicam; Group 3, 6.0 mg/kg piroxicam; and Group 4, 8.0 mg/kg piroxicam. Thirty-nine of forty rats developed measurable tumors during this study. At the conclusion, 60% ( 6 10 ) of the rats in Group 2 were tumor free compared to 0/10 controls, 0/10 Group 3 rats, and 1/8 Group 4 rats. (P 0.05). Plasma PGE2 levels for each treatment group were determined at the conclusion of the study and no statistical difference between treatment groups was found. It is concluded that piroxicam inhibits tumor growth in this model, and may have a role as a biological response modifier in cancer therapy.
In situ manipulation of cooling rates during planar-flow melt spinning processing

Abstract Planar-flow melt spinning (PFMS) is a single stage rapid manufacturing/solidification technique for producing thin metallic sheet or foil. A new technology, envisioned to allow real-time manipulation of the local cooling rates and properties in melt-spun ribbon, has been tested successfully when casting Al–7%Si. Pulsed laser heating, directed low on the upstream meniscus, or on the substrate, leaves patterns of ‘dimples’ in the ribbon. Typical cooling rates of 10 4 K/s have been measured using a control-volume approach. Secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) has been measured through the thickness of ribbons showing areas both affected by the laser heating and unaffected by the laser. Through a correlation of cooling rates and SDAS, it is shown that the unmodified ribbon has an average cooling rate similar to that measured macroscopically. The cooling rate underneath a laser dimple is estimated to be six times slower near the contact surface. It is envisioned that the technology described may bring the concept of ‘casting-by-design’ one step closer to realization.
Temperature dependence of the i.r. optical properties of LiF

Abstract Essentially distortion-free imaginary dielectric index spectra have been obtained for LiF from Kramers-Kronig ( KK ) dispersion analysis of I.R. reflectance data at 300 K, 80 K and 20 K. The frequency dependence of the damping function as well as the temperature dependence of the various dispersion parameters of the first transverse optic mode have been illustrated. The effective damping constant \ gg o , and the resonance frequency ν o , are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical calculations.
Consumption of renao at a Taiwan night market

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the physical environment of night markets in Taiwan, mediated by “renao” (translated as bustling with noise and excitement) on need fulfillment and shopping satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – Grounded theory, interviews and observation in Study One identify concepts important to understanding why consumers shopped in night markets. Study Two employs a survey method to test findings from Study One concerning relationships between fulfillment of social and hedonic needs, physical factors and renao on consumer perceptions of the night market.Findings – This paper suggests dense physical environments of night markets serve needs of consumers in cultures with an interdependent self‐concept by creating renao. The physical environment impacts the social and experiential needs fulfilled by shopping there, ultimately affecting satisfaction with and use of the market. They also find the dynamics of renao in a collectivist society act as a media...