cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identity Orientation, Voice, and Judgments of Procedural Justice During Late Adolescence

This study focused on the relationship between voice and judgments of procedural justice in a sample of older adolescents and examined potential moderating and mediating influences of identity orientation (personal, social, and collective) and negative emotional response. Participants read 1 of 2 different family conflict scenarios (voice and no voice) asking them to imagine themselves in a disagreement with their parents over grades and financial support. In the voice condition, parents were described as making their decision after listening to the participant’s input. In the no voice condition, parents were described as making their decision without listening to the participant’s input. The adolescents then judged the fairness of the parental decisions and responded to questions concerning their identity orientation. Findings indicate that in addition to replicating the effect of voice in a novel context, the present investigation found moderating effects of personal identity orientation on procedural fairness judgments. Additionally, negative emotional response partially mediated the relationship between voice and global judgments of procedural fairness.
New Host and Locality Records for Gyrodactylus wardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae), from Suckers, Catostomus spp. (Catostomidae), in Idaho

Gyrodactylus wardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968, is reported from the external surfaces of the mountain sucker, Catostomus platyrhynchus, and Utah sucker, Catostomus ardens, from the Cub River in Idaho. This report represents new host and locality records for G. wardi. Unidentified species of Gyrodactylus also occur on the external surfaces of the Utah sucker in Idaho. A previously published report of Gyrodactylus atratuli Putz and Hoffman, 1957, on Catostomus catostomus in Labrador is incorrect and represents G. wardi.
An examination of sexual risk behaviors in adolescent substance users

ABSTRACT. Objectives: This study examined the risk for engaging in high-risk sexual behavior associated with substance use in a sample of U.S. adolescents. Methods: The sample (N = 15,425) was obtained via the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, a survey of public high school students. Results: Substance use was associated with sexual risk behaviors, with odds ratios being greatest for adolescents who used cigarettes and illicit substances, as well as those who engaged in injection drug use. Conclusions: Results highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs targeting sexual risk behaviors in substance-using adolescents as a means to decrease the spread of sexually transmitted infections.
Modular features of motor control and learning

The study of complex motor behaviours has highlighted the role of modular representations both in the planning and in the execution of actions. Recent findings suggest the presence of functional modules within a variety of neural structures. Computational investigations are now addressing the issue of how these modules may act concurrently to generate a wide repertoire of behaviours.
A new morphological approach for reducing speckle noise in ultrasonic images

Ultrasonic images are often contaminated with speckle noise. The speckle noise makes it difficult to identify features of interest that are typically small in nature. Morphological operations have a demonstrated track record of success in minimizing speckle noise in gray-scale images. Prior attempts to solve the problem have focused on the use of multi-resolution morphological filters with a variety of structuring element sizes. Such algorithms tend to be overly complex and computationally expensive to implement. This paper proposes an efficient approach for reducing speckle noise without eliminating small sized features from the image. The basic noise reduction algorithm is implemented using a sequence of simple morphological closing operations and estimating proper threshold levels. The validity of the approach is demonstrated using several ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation images.
The Effectiveness of and Preschoolers' Preferences for variations of Multiple-Schedule Arrangements

Multiple schedules of reinforcement have been used to teach children to recruit attention only when it is available, thereby minimizing disruptive requesting during instructional activities. This procedure involves alternating periods of continuous reinforcement (CRF) with periods of extinction and correlating each period with a distinct and continuous discriminative stimulus. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of and children's preferences for multiple schedules in which (a) two different stimuli, one correlated with reinforcement (S+) and another correlated with extinction (S-), were presented; (b) only an S+ was presented (i.e., no stimulus was correlated with extinction), and (c) neither an S+ nor an S- was presented (i.e., a mixed schedule). S+/S- and S+ arrangements were similarly effective for 7 children, but 3 preferred the S+/S- condition and 4 preferred the S+ condition. Correlational analyses suggested that children who responded more effectively given the S- (discrimination indexes were relatively high) preferred the S+/S- condition, whereas children who responded less effectively given the S- preferred the S+ condition. The implications of these findings for arranging multiple schedules for social responses are discussed.
Analysis and selection of communication security equipment

The author addresses criteria for selecting communications security (COMSEC) equipment into existing and planned communications systems. Specific areas addressed include needs, threats, value of information, response to threats, user interface issues, key management considerations, cryptographic types, future requirements, compatibility, special COMSEC characteristics, host nation connection approvals, maintenance approaches, standard security attributes, practical realities, and future trends. >
microRNA-210 is upregulated in hypoxic cardiomyocytes through Akt- and p53-dependent pathways and exerts cytoprotective effects

microRNA-210 (miR-210) is upregulated in hypoxia, but its function in cardiomyocytes and its regulation in response to hypoxia are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify upstream regulators of miR-210, as well as to characterize miR-210's function in cardiomyocytes. We first showed miR-210 is upregulated through both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent and -independent pathways, since aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), lacking intact HIF signaling, still displayed increased miR-210 levels in hypoxia. To determine the mechanism for HIF-independent regulation of miR-210, we focused on p53 and protein kinase B (Akt). Overexpression of p53 in wild-type MEFs induced miR-210, whereas p53 overexpression in ARNT knockout MEFs did not, suggesting p53 regulates miR-210 in a HIF-dependent mechanism. Akt inhibition reduced miR-210 induction by hypoxia, whereas Akt overexpression increased miR-210 levels in both wild-type and ARNT knockout MEFs, indicating Akt regulation of miR-210 is HIF-independent. We then studied the effects of miR-210 in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-210 reduced cell death in response to oxidative stress and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production both at baseline and after treatment with antimycin A. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-210 increased ROS after hypoxia-reoxygenation. To determine a mechanism for the cytoprotective effects of miR-210, we focused on the predicted target, apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 3 (AIFM3), known to induce cell death. Although miR-210 reduced AIFM3 levels, overexpression of AIFM3 in the presence of miR-210 overexpression did not reduce cellular viability either at baseline or after hydrogen peroxide treatment, suggesting AIFM3 does not mediate miR-210's cytoprotective effects. Furthermore, HIF-3α, a negative regulator of HIF signaling, is targeted by miR-210, but miR-210 does not modulate HIF activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel role for p53 and Akt in regulating miR-210 and demonstrate that, in cardiomyocytes, miR-210 exerts cytoprotective effects, potentially by reducing mitochondrial ROS production.
Assessing color reproduction tolerances in commercial print workflow

Except for linear devices like CRTs, color transformations from colorimetric specifications to device coordinates are mostly obtained by measuring a set of samples, inverting the table, and looking up values in the table (including interpolation), and mapping the gamut from input to output device. The accuracy of a transformation is determined by reproducing a second set of samples and measuring the reproduction errors. Accuracy as the average predicted perceptual error is then used as a metric for quality. Accuracy and precision are important metrics in commercial print because a print service provider can charge a higher price for more accurate color, or can widen his tolerances when customers prefer cheap prints. The disadvantage of determining tolerances through averaging perceptual errors is that the colors in the sample sets are independent and this is not necessarily a good correlate of print quality as determined through psychophysics studies. Indeed, images consist of color palettes and the main quality factor is not color fidelity but color integrity. For example, if the divergence of the field of error vectors is zero, color constancy is likely to take over and humans will perceive the color reproduction as being of good quality, even if the average error is relatively large. However, if the errors are small but in random directions, the perceived image quality is poor because the relation among colors is altered. We propose a standard practice to determine tolerance based on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (FM-100) for the second set and to evaluate the color transpositions—a metric for color integrity—instead of the color differences. The quality metric is then the FM-100 score. There are industry standards for the tolerances of color judges, and the same tolerances and classification can be use for print workflows or its components (e.g., presses, proofers, displays). We generalize this practice to arbitrary perceptually uniform scales tailored to specific applications and present an implementation. In essence, we propose to extend the color discrimination test procedures used to evaluate human observers, to mechanical and electronic color reproduction devices.
Neural subnet design by direct polynomial mapping

In a recent paper by M. Chen and M. Maury (1990), it was shown that multilayer perceptron neural networks can be used to form products of any number of inputs, thereby constructively proving universal approximation. This result is extended, and a method for the analysis and synthesis of single-input, single-output neural subnetworks is described. Given training samples of a function to be approximated, a feedforward neural network is designed which implements a polynomial approximation of the function with arbitrary accuracy. For comparison, example subnets are designed by classical backpropagation training and by mapping. The examples illustrate that the mapped subnets avoid local minima which backpropagation-trained subnets get trapped in and that the mapping approach is much faster. >
Rate enhancing effect of hydrogen chloride and methanesulfonic acid on the intramolecular asymmetric reduction of 0-aminoaceto- and -benzophenones with diisopinocampheylborane☆

Abstract While o -hydroxyaceto- and -benzophenones undergo reduction with B -chlorodiisopinocampheylborane ( 1 ) and diisopinocampheylborane ( 2 ) at the same rate, the reduction of o -carboxyaceto- and -benzophenones is faster with 2 as compared with 1 . The rate retardation for the reaction of keto acids with 1 was accounted by a competition between an intra- and intermolecular reduction. In contrast, o -aminoaceto- and -benzophenone undergo faster reduction with 1 than with 2 . The rate enhancing influence of HCl and MeSO 3 H on the intramolecular asymmetric reduction of these amino ketones with 2 has been tested and confirmed.
The use of mirtazapine in difficult-to-treat patient populations.

Patients who have failed previous antidepressant treatment present substantial clinical management challenges. Similarly, elderly patients require special attention. Three recent studies have shown that mirtazapine has a role to play in the management of these patients. Mirtazapine has proved effective in the treatment of patients who were resistant or intolerant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the switch to mirtazapine could be made immediately without the necessity for a taper period. In a double-blind study in patients who were resistant to SSRI treatment, mirtazapine had a more rapid onset of action than sertraline. Mirtazapine has also proved effective in elderly depressed patients and again showed a faster onset of action than another of the SSRIs, paroxetine.
Modeling semiconductor devices with position-dependent material parameters

An overview of the transport model describing electron and hole motion and density in solids with position-dependent band structures is presented. This includes materials with nonuniform composition such as graded heterojunctions, and devices with highly doped regions such as the emitter region of bipolar transistors and solar cells. Hot-electron and quantum mechanical effects are not considered. Effects due to carrier degeneracy, changes in the energy-band edges due to spatial variations in electron affinity and bandgap, and spatial variations in the density of states produce terms in the carrier- and current-density equations in addition to those found in the conventional Shockley model. These new terms are discussed. The general energy-band diagram relating the electrostatic potential, electron affinity, and bandgap of a nonuniform semiconductor is given. The current densities are expressed in terms of gradients of quasi-Fermi level and the carrier densities in terms of normalization integrals. The concepts of generalized drift and diffusion are discussed. The transport equations applicable to parabolic bands, nondegenerate material, and the rigid-band model are presented. Various device applications are given. Limitations in the underlying theory and key approximations used in device analysis are discussed. >
Contribution of Intimal Smooth Muscle Cells to Cholesterol Accumulation and Macrophage-Like Cells in Human Atherosclerosis

Background—Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to the foam cell population in arterial plaque, and express lower levels of the cholesterol exporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in comparison with medial arterial SMCs. The relative contribution of SMCs to the total foam cell population and their expression of ABCA1 in comparison with intimal monocyte-derived macrophages, however, are unknown. Although the expression of macrophage markers by SMCs following lipid loading has been described, the relevance of this phenotypic switch by SMCs in human coronary atherosclerosis has not been determined. Methods and Results—Human coronary artery sections from hearts explanted at the time of transplantation were processed to clearly delineate intracellular and extracellular lipids and allow costaining for cell-specific markers. Costaining for oil red O and the SMC-specific marker SM α-actin of foam cell–rich lesions revealed that 50±7% (average±standard error of the mean, n=14 subjects) of tot...
Patients recording clinical encounters: a path to empowerment? Assessment by mixed methods

Objective To examine the motivations of patients recording clinical encounters, covertly or otherwise, and why some do not wish to record encounters. Design Mixed-methods analysis of survey data and nested semistructured interviews. Setting Survey to UK audience, using social media and radio broadcast. Participants 168 survey respondents, of whom 161 were 18 years of age or older (130 completions). Of the 56 participants who agreed to be contacted, we included data from 17 interviews. Results 19 (15%) respondents indicated having secretly recorded a clinical encounter and 14 (11%) were aware of someone who had secretly recorded a clinical encounter. 45 (35%) said they would consider recording secretly and 44 (34%) said they would record after asking permission. Totally, 69% of respondents indicated their desire to record clinical encounters, split equally between wanting to do so covertly or with permission. Thematic analysis of the interviews showed that most patients are motivated by the wish to replay, relisten and share the recording with others. Some are also motivated by the idea of owning a personal record, and its potential use as verification of a poor healthcare experience. The rationale for permission seeking was based on the wish to prioritise a trusting relationship with a health professional. Those who preferred to record covertly described a pre-existing lack of trust, a fear that recording would be denied, and a concern that an affronted clinician would deny them access to future care. There was a general wish that recording should be facilitated. Conclusions Patients’ prime motivation for recording is to enhance their experience of care, and to share it with others. Patients know that recording challenges the ‘ceremonial order of the clinic’, and so some decide to act covertly. Patients wanted clearer, more permissive policies to be developed.
METABOLISM OF PLASMALOGEN: II. THE DETERMINATION OF ALKENYL ETHERS IN THE PRESENCE OF FREE ALDEHYDES.

SUMMARY A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of alkenyl ethers (plasmalogens) in the presence of free aldehyde is proposed. The method is applicable over the range 0.02-0.2 pmoles of plasmalogen and is particularly useful for following the course of enzymatic or chemical reactions in mixtures containing both free aldehydes and plasmalogens in aqueous media. Plasmalogens, naturally occurring alkenyl ethers, react with a variety of acidic carbonyl reagents in a manner similar to free aldehydes. This reactivity may be due to rapid hydrolysis of the acid-labile alkenyl ether group, thus producing the free aldehyde. As a result, many of the standard colorimetric procedures are unsuitable for the specific determination of aldehydes in the presence of alkenyl ethers, and, similarly, there are few convenient procedures for determining alkenyl ethers in the presence of free aldehydes. The iodometric method of Norton (1) for the determination of alkenyl ethers is of considerable value, but this method is less sensitive than the reaction for aldehydes with fuchsin-sulfurous acid and is subject to interference from other iodine-reactive compounds (e.g. , reducing agents such as sulfhydryl derivatives), if present. More sensitive iodometric methods have been reported recently by Gottfried and Rapport (2) and Williams et al. (3), but these are still not directly applicable to systems that contain mercaptans. The latter are present in many enzymatic reaction mixtures. Although most interfering substances may be removed by washing a lipid extract with water, this process will considerably lengthen the time needed for analysis.
ASSESSING MARKETS FOR CENTRAL AMERICAN PRODUCTS IN U.S. ETHNIC COMMUNITIES (THE COMMON BEANS CASE)

At the end of 2003, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that around 2.7 million people in the U.S. were of Central American origin. While this community represents a potential market for Central American exports, no study had previously been carried out to describe the ethnic markets for Central American products in the U.S. This paper describes the findings from research conducted in 2003, which suggests that people of Central American origin prefer to buy beans from their country of origin and are willing to pay a premium price for these beans. Also described in the paper is information to be used in future research for assessing the demand for food products from Latin America in U.S. ethnic communities.
ENDURANCE EXERCISE-INDUCED CARDIAC REMODELING: NOT ALL SPORTS ARE CREATED EQUAL

The term “endurance sport (ES)” is broadly used to characterize any exercise that requires maintainence of high cardiac output over extended time. However, the relative amount of dynamic (volume) vs. static (pressure) cardiac stress varies across ES disciplines. We sought to determine if high
Examination of metals from aerospace-related activity in surface water samples from sites surrounding the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida.

Metal contamination from Space Shuttle launch activity was examined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy in a two-tier study sampling surface water collected from several s...
Poly(2-thienyl)borates: An Investigation into the Coordination of Thiophene and Its Derivatives.

The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of a new sulfur-rich tridentate ligand, tetrakis(2-thienyl)borate (1-), are reported along with a molecular orbital analysis of its coordination to a metal center. Unlike the analogous tetrakis((methylthio)methyl)borate (2-), 1- does not coordinate Mo(CO)3 when reacted with (C7H8)Mo(CO)3. The sulfur atoms in both ligands are oriented to coordinate the metal in a pyramidal η1 sulfur-bound mode. Approximate molecular orbital calculations are used to compare the metal−ligand interactions in these related species, and the results indicate that the magnitude and polarizability of the electronic charge density of the lone pairs on the sulfur atoms dictate the coordination strength of the ligands. Simple Mulliken atomic charges and orbital occupation numbers are used to determine the extent of charge delocalization. While the conjugation of the sulfur lone pair electrons with adjacent π bonds in the ligands decreases the corresponding Lewis basicity, the contributi...
RESEARCH ON LUNG FUNCTION AND CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS OF ANTHRASILICOSIS

Objective To explore the relationship between anthrasilicosis patients'chest X-ray findings and lung function. Methods Making a study of 146 selective anthrasilicosis patients from their chest X-ray by analysis of their testing lung function. Results It has been found, between shadow on lung, scattering range obstruction to lung function, that chronic bronchititis is related to the types of lung function. Conclusion Index is significantly useful in shadow area on lung scattering range, judged by the testing results on lung function, especially in the first stage.
Stimulation of Choleragen Enzymatic Activities by GTP and a Membrane Protein from Bovine Brain

Activation of adenylate cyclase by choleragen results from the toxincatalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a regulatory component of the cyclase system, Gsα, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein involved in stimulation of the cyclase catalytic unit (1). The ADP-ribosylation reaction and cyclase activation are enhanced by soluble and membrane components (2–9). One membrane protein, known as ADP-ribosylation factor or ARF, was extensively purified by Kahn and Gilman and shown to be a GTP-binding protein (8, 9).
Mean age distribution of inorganic soil-nitrogen

Excess reactive nitrogen in soils of intensively managed landscapes causes adverse environmental impact, and continues to remain a global concern. Many novel strategies have been developed to provide better management practices and, yet, the problem remains unresolved. The objective of this study is to develop a model to characterize the “age” of inorganic soil-nitrogen (nitrate, and ammonia/ammonium). We use the general theory of age, which provides an assessment of the time elapsed since inorganic nitrogen has been introduced into the soil system. We analyze a corn-corn-soybean rotation, common in the Midwest United States, as an example application. We observe two counter-intuitive results: (1) the mean nitrogen age in the topsoil layer is relatively high; and (2) mean nitrogen age is lower under soybean cultivation compared to corn although no fertilizer is applied for soybean cultivation. The first result can be explained by cation-exchange of ammonium that retards the leaching of nitrogen, resulting in an increase in the mean nitrogen age near the soil surface. The second result arises because the soybean utilizes the nitrogen fertilizer left from the previous year, thereby removing the older nitrogen and reducing mean nitrogen age. Estimating the mean nitrogen age can thus serve as an important tool to disentangle complex nitrogen dynamics by providing a nuanced characterization of the time scales of soil-nitrogen transformation and transport processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Postingestive Effects of Phytochemicals On Insects: On Paracelsus and Plant Products

The eating habits of herbivorous insects have long been of more than passing interest to humans, particularly since the domestication of plants some 8000 years ago, but the precise relationship between herbivorous insects and their host plants has persistently defied characterization. That plant chemicals, rather than nutritive substances, determine at least in part the peculiar likes and dislikes of insects, as they do for humans, is an idea of rather recent origin. The suggestion that the diversity of plant chemistry might be defensive in function was introduced when M. Leo Errera, in an address to the Royal Botanical Society of Belgium in 1886, remarked that, “many of the chemical compounds may serve the plant as means of defense against animals, and when we camphorize our furniture and poison our flower-beds, we are only imitating and reinventing what the plants practiced before the existence of man” (Abbott, 1887). The importance of insects as selective agents in determining patterns of plant chemistry in the “parallel evolution” (Brues, 1920) of insects and plants was not articulated until Fraenkel (1959) suggested that “reciprocal adaptive evolution” determined patterns of host-plant use by insects. Ehrlich and Raven (1964) coined the term “coevolution” to describe the stepwise process by which plants elaborate chemical defenses and insects evolve mechanisms of resistance or tolerance to those defenses.
Multi-objective optimization of acoustic black hole vibration absorbers

Structures with power law tapers exhibit the acoustic black hole (ABH) effect and can be used for vibration reduction. However, the design of ABHs for vibration reduction requires consideration of the underlying theory and its regions of validity. To address the competing nature of the best ABH design for vibration reduction and the underlying theoretical assumptions, a multi-objective approach is used to find the lowest frequency where both criteria are sufficiently met. The Pareto optimality curve is estimated for a range of ABH design parameters. The optimal set could then be used to implement an ABH vibration absorber.
Epistemic Resistance Moves

This paper introduces and analyzes a new kind of non-acceptance, non-disagreeing move: resistance . We focus in particular on attention-targeted resistance facilitated by epistemic possibility claims. In this response type, we suggest, an agent draws attention to some subsidiary issue that they think might cause an interlocutor to withdraw a previous commitment. We develop a granularity model of attention where drawing attention in discourse can refine the space of possibilities under consideration and consequently lead to changes in view.
A phase I study of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus (rapamycin) in combination with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABI-007, abraxane) in advanced solid cancers

C151 Background: Preclinical data suggest that mTOR inhibitors potentiate the efficacy of cytotoxic agents including taxanes. Rapamycin (R) is an mTOR inhibitor currently FDA approved for the treatment of renal allograft rejection, and has been found to have antiproliferative and antiangiogenic actions in a diverse range of tumors. Abraxane (A) is a nanoparticle, albumin-bound paclitaxel that has shown greater efficacy and less toxicity than Cremophor-based paclitaxel in several xenograft models and in clinical trials. The primary aims of this study are to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of R administered in combination with A. The secondary aims are to describe the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions of the combination in patients with advanced malignancies. Methods: Cohorts of 3-6 patients (pts) were enrolled and treated. Escalating oral dose of R (5-40 mg) was administered on days -7, 2, 9 and 16 in combination with intravenous fixed dose of A (100 mg/m2 )on days -14, 1, 8, and 15 of a 28 day cycle. Tumor tissue samples have been collected from consenting patients for PD measurement of pre and post therapy p70S6K (S6K1) by Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) 1, and transcription profile analysis2. PET imaging was also performed prior to and at the end of cycle one. Results: To date 14 pts (8 lung, 2 sarcoma, 1 ovarian, 1 breast, 1 endometrial and 1 melanoma) with a median age 62 (range 41-76 years) have been treated in 4 cohorts. Doses have been escalated as follows; Cohort 1 (5/100, n = 3), Cohort 2 (10/100, n = 6), Cohort 3 (20/100, n = 3), Cohort 4 (40/100, n =2). Median number of cycles was 3 (range 0-4 cycles). One grade 3 DLT (dyspnea/hypoxia) occurred in a pt with extensive bronchoalveolar disease in cohort 2. Other grade 3 toxicities included leucopenia in a pt in cohort 1 and a pt in cohort 3, weight loss that occurred after 4 cycles in a pt in cohort 1, fatigue that occurred after 3 cycles in a pt in cohort 2, and anemia in a pt in cohort 2. Two pts with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had a partial response (PR) and showed evidence of decreased 18FDG uptake on PET scanning at the end of cycle one. The MTD has not yet been reached and enrollment continues on cohort 4. Conclusions: Low dose weekly oral R in combination with intravenous A seems to be well tolerated. Enrollment and dose escalation is continuing, and PD and PK analysis will be performed once all samples are available to assure uniformity. PK and PD analyses and PET scan data will be presented. 1 Camp R, Chung G, and Rimm L. Automated subcellular localization and quantification of protein expression in tissue microarrays. Nat Med 2002; 8:1323-1327. 2 Harris L, You F, Schnitt S, et al. Predictors of resistance to preoperative trastuzumab and vinorelbine for HER2-positive early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007; 13(4):1198-207.
DETEKSI Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (PSG) MENGGUNAKAN ANTIBODIPOLIKLONAL DAN NCM-ELISA

Soybean bacterial blight is an important disease of the soybean crop. Since resistant cultivars are lacking, the disease is difficult to control, hence early detection and proper diagnosis as well as good knowledge on epiphytotic of the disease are important aspects for successful disease control.A serological technique, particularly the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is an effective technique for detection and identification of plant pathogens. The objective of the research was to obtain polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) and use of NCM-ELISA for detection PSG. Soybean plant samples showing symptoms of soybean bacterial blight were collected from the fields and used for antigen sources. Isolation and production of PSG antigen was done using King's B Agar medium. Immunizations of white New Zealand rabbits were done to produce antibodies to PSG. Yield of PAb-PSG was indicated by antisera titers ranging from 160 to 1280. Intravenous immunization produced more titer than that of intramuscularly. NCM-ELISA was used for detection of PSG from plant samples. It was applicable for detection of PSG from plant samples in relatively short time and limit detection of 10" cfu/ml.
Complicated Narratives of 'Korean-Ness': Towards Strategic Provisionality in Parental Involvement.

The purpose of this paper is to advance the discourse on parental involvement drawing from Butlerian notion of strategic provisionality. In developing a new approach to understanding cultural diffe...
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography of hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acid positional isomers.

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has become increasingly popular as an alternative to reversed phase LC due to its ease of separating complex polar compound mixtures and the compatibility of the mobile phase with mass spectrometry (MS). Using a plain silica column (150 mm × 4.6 mm), we have shown a mixture containing three hydroxybenzoic acid isomers plus syringic and vanillic acid and three hydroxycinnamic acid isomers plus ferulic and sinapic acid can be separated using a mobile phase comprised of 90% acetonitrile (MeCN) and 10% 20 mM ammonium acetate at pH 6 in under 45 min. This method is appropriate when using UV detection at 275 nm. However, for improved MS compatibility, a buffer concentration of 10 mM is recommended but this greatly decreases the analyte retention factors. A second more nonpolar organic solvent component in the mobile phase (particularly pentane which has not been previously considered for HILIC) is found to offset this loss in retention. The optimum mobile phase is found to be 90% MeCN, 5% 10 mM ammonium acetate pH 6, and 5% pentane with resolution of eight of the ten compounds with a separation time of 30 min. Using UV detection, we have shown that detection limits range from 36 to 133 pmole and quantitation limits are spread from 94 to 376 pmole for six of the analytes. Upon testing this method on two other silica columns from different manufacturers, it is found that while resolution is similar, further optimization of the mobile phase is recommended.
Pennants for Garfield: bibliometrics and document retrieval

Eugene Garfield’s name, like that of any prolific author, can designate both an oeuvre and a person. That duality is explored here with pennant diagrams, a decade-old technique that can structure information about both oeuvres and persons in one scatterplot. Such diagrams are not readily made now, but may have a place in recommender systems of the future. This paper recapitulates the basics of creating and understanding them. In pennants, every term in a bibliometric distribution is weighted with a version of the TF * IDF formula from information retrieval. The distributions are generated by a seed term, such as a cited author’s name or a subject phrase, and consist of terms that co-occur with the seed in a database. TF * IDF orders the terms by relevance and specificity with respect to the seed—an outcome interpretable in light of relevance theory from linguistic pragmatics. Garfield’s name appears illustratively as a seed in one pennant and as a co-cited author in five others. Another example shows works by him and others that co-occur with the phrase “Citation Analysis” in Scisearch. Pennants are richly suggestive about authors, and here they are linked to a fruitful idea of Garfield’s that appeared in his first paper.
Abstract 16184: Elevated Maternal Glucose Levels During Gestation may Confer Specific Risk for Tetralogy of Fallot

Introduction: Clinicians have long observed an association between maternal diabetes and risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Though the clinical diagnoses of Type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes are strong maternal risk factors, this diagnostic classification captures only a subset of patients with overt hyperglycemia not more subtle abnormalities of glucose or insulin metabolism. We explored the potential risk for two different CHD phenotypes in offspring with with midpregnancy measures of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that continuous measures of blood analytes related to maternal diabetes will be associated with the risk for two CHD phenotypes tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and d-Transposition of the Great Arteries (dTGA) which have been recently associated with overt diabetes. Methods: We assembled a prospective cohort of 277 women carrying infants with ToF (n=55), dTGA (n=42), or nonmalformed control infants without CHD (n=180), and measured serum insulin by a validated radioimmunoassay and glucose levels in second trimester blood samples. We performed univariable as well as multivariable analyses to investigate statistical associations. Results: Maternal glucose levels were associated with elevated risk for both CHD phenotypes in offspring with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 6.61 (95%CI 1.67-26.13), which in subgroup analysis was driven by a strong association with ToF (OR 18.45, 95%CI 3.34-102.08) compared to the much lower OR for dTGA (OR 1.24, 95%CI 0.16-9.59). Conclusions: We observed that maternal blood glucose levels are strongly associated with risk for ToF, which is consistent with recent epidemiological data. These results represent the first direct correlation of glucose as a continuous variable to risk for specific cardiac malformations. In conclusion the association between serum glucose and risk for ToF suggest the need for additional epidemiological and mechanistic investigations into the risk for conferred by insulin signaling and glucose metabolism during early pregnancy.
Violence in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Schools in Pennsylvania:

School violence is a public health issue with direct and collateral consequences that has academic and social impacts for youth. School violence is often considered a uniquely urban problem, yet more research is needed to understand how violence in rural and suburban schools may be similar or different from urban counterparts. Using school violence data from a state with urban, suburban, and rural counties, we explored the landscape of school violence in Pennsylvania (PA) through mapping, descriptive statistics, and factor analysis. Results show school violence is not solely an urban problem. Schools in all county types and across grade levels deal with violence to varying degrees, and the majority of schools across county types experience low levels of violence. Types of violence experienced by PA schools loaded onto three factors, suggesting that targeted interventions may be better suited to addressing school violence.
Stereo- and Enantioselective Polymerization of Olefins with Homogeneous Ziegler — Natta Catalysts

The cyclopolymerization of 1, 5-hexadiene provides a quantitative method of investigating metallocene structure and catalytic function, as the microstructure of the resulting cyclopolymer is reflective of the chemical and stereochemical events that occur during polymerization. Eleven different zirconocene dichlorides were studied and the properties of the resulting cyclopolymers compared. The catalyst structure was correlated to the diastereoselectivity of the cyclization step in terms of the abundance of cis and trans rings in the polymer. In order of decreasing trans ring percentage the following trend was observed: Cp2ZrCl2 (84%), monoatomic-bridged zirconocenes (77%–70%), diatomic-bridged zirconocenes (69%–65%), non-bridged zirconocenes (44%–34%), and Cp2ZrCl2 (19%). The molecular weights, conversions, yields, and extent of crosslinking are also presented.
Comparison of a rapid ATP bioluminescence assay and standard plate count methods for assessing microbial contamination of consumers' refrigerators.

The feasibility of using an ATP bioluminescence assay for assessing microbial contamination of home refrigerators was evaluated and compared with the standard culture methods. Samples of refrigerator surfaces were collected from 123 households by swabbing an area of 100 cm2 on three locations in the refrigerator with premoisturized sterile swabs. Microbial contaminations were determined by aerobic plate count (APC; incubated at 35°C for 48 h) and psychrotrophic plate count (PPC; incubated at 7°C for 10 days) on plate count agar. The results were compared to the readings from the microbial ATP (mATP) bioluminescence assay. The correlation coefficient (r) between mATP and PPC (r = 0.851) was slightly higher than that between mATP and APC (r = 0.823). Our results indicated a potential discrepancy in the population of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in the refrigerator samples. Nevertheless, mATP appeared to be a reliable indication of the average of APC and PPC (r = 0.895). The mATP bioluminescence as...
Development and applications of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide-based probes

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been the most important technique in plant cytogenetic research. However, application of FISH techniques in most plant species has been hindered by the lack of cloned probes that generate distinct signals on chromosomes. We have recently developed a procedure to develop FISH probes by selecting a large number of oligonucleotides (oligos) derived from single copy DNA sequences. The bioinformatically selected oligos are then massively synthesized de novo in parallel, amplified, and labeled as FISH probes. The “oligo-FISH probes” designed from conserved DNA sequences generate distinct FISH signals on related plant species that have diverged for more than 10 million years. We have conducted oligo-FISH in several distantly related species in the Solanaceae family. This comparative FISH mapping effort has revealed karyotype evolution and discovered species-specific chromosomal translocations in several Solanum species.
Common Ingredient Profiles of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements are a popular class of dietary supplements which are purported to improve exercise performance. However, the composition of these products varies substantially between formulations, thus making comparisons challenging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify a common ingredient profile of top-selling pre-workout supplements and to compare ingredient dosages to established efficacious values. The top 100 commercially available pre-workout products were analyzed for listed ingredients and amounts, if available, from the supplement facts panel. The mean ± SD number of ingredients per supplement (n = 100) was 18.4 ± 9.7 with 8.1 ± 9.9 of these ingredients included in a proprietary blend at undisclosed quantities. Relative prevalence and average amounts of the top ingredients amounted to: Beta-alanine (87%; 2.0 ± 0.8 g), Caffeine (86%; 254.0 ± 79.5 mg), Citrulline (71%; 4.0 ± 2.5 g), Tyrosine (63%; 348.0 ± 305.7 mg), Taurine (51%; 1.3 ± 0.6 g), and Creatine (49%; 2.1 ± 1.0 g). Nearly half (44.3%) of all ingredients were included as part of a proprietary blend with undisclosed amounts of each ingredient. The average amount of beta-alanine per serving size was below the recommended efficacious dose. The average caffeine content was near the low end for an effective relative dose for a 70 kg individual (3–6 mg·kg−1 of bodyweight).
Disambiguating the southern urban critique: Propositions, pathways and possibilities for a more global urban studies:

Scholarship engaging with (northern) urban theory from the south has troubled the core of urban studies. At this critical juncture, we argue that it is important to clarify core propositions and ca...
Redo Pull Through Operation for Hirschsprung Disease

Most patients have good outcomes after pull-through (PT) procedure for Hirschsprung disease (HD). There is a small population that will require a redo pull-through. The evaluation of these patients requires a comprehensive workup, detailed planning, and an experienced surgeon and pathologist. While stakes are higher, surgeons should not hesitate to perform a redo pull-through as good results can be achieved in the majority of cases. No operative approach has proven better for redo cases. Each case should be individualized to the patient. In select cases, lesser procedures may provide relief but children with an identified pathologic or a mechanical cause of symptoms will likely require a redo PT. The workup, treatment plan, and definitive surgical management should be organized and performed by an experienced, specialized team at a pediatric referral center.
The Role of Vision in Ladislav Sutnar and Knud Lönberg-Holm's Designing Information

In 1947, Czech designer Ladislav Sutnar and Danish architect Knud Lonberg-Holm published three articles in Interiors magazine introducing their theories of modern visual communication to the profes...
Bulk Assembly of Zero-Dimensional Organic Lead Bromide Hybrid with Efficient Blue Emission

Zero-dimensional (0D) organic metal halide hybrids are an emerging class of light emitting materials with exceptional photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs), thanks to their perfect “host–g...
Modeling head-on crash severity with drivers under the influence of alcohol or drugs (DUI) and non-DUI

Objective: The objective of this research is to identify and compare contributing factors to head-on crashes with drivers under and not under the influence of alcohol or drugs.Methods: The head-on crash data are collected from 2005 to 2013 in North Carolina from four aspects: vehicle, driver, roadway, and environmental characteristics. The final dataset includes 9,153 head-on crashes. A mixed logit model is developed to analyze the crash dataset involving drivers under and not under the influence of alcohol or drugs.Results: According to the obtained results, factors such as rural roadways, adverse weather, curve road, and high speed limit are among the most significant contributing factors to both head-on crashes with DUI and non-DUI. In addition, the results of this research demonstrate that high speed limit is found to be better modeled as random-parameters at specific injury severity levels for head-on crashes with DUI. Besides the factors mentioned above, dark light condition, old drivers, pickups, and motorcycles also significantly affect the severity of head-on crashes with non-DUI.Conclusions: The results of this study identify various factors that significantly affect the severity of head-on crashes with drivers under and not under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Also, the mixed logit model examines the heterogeneous effects and correlation in unobserved factors by allowing coefficients to be randomly distributed. The findings of this study call for more attention to head-on crashes and provide a reference for planners and engineers when developing and selecting countermeasures to reduce and/or mitigate head-on crashes.
Comparison of Sirolimus and Everolimus on Hematologic Parameters in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients

Purpose Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) such as sirolimus (SRL) and everolimus (EVL) may lead to myelosuppression. Hematologic effects of SRL and EVL have been compared in adult heart transplant patients, but data in pediatric heart transplant patients remain limited. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric heart transplant patients transplanted at Loma Linda Children's Hospital between 2000 - 2017 who received a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and either SRL or EVL who had at least 1 year follow-up . White blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), and platelet (PLT) median values and changes from baseline were compared at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months. Results There were 41 and 13 patients in the SRL and EVL cohort, respectively. There was no difference in baseline WBC between the EVL and SRL cohort with a median WBC of 5.5 and 5.8, respectively (p =0.47). At 1 week, median WBC was significantly lower in the EVL group compared to the SRL group at 4.8 (95% CI 3.6-6.9) and 5.8 (95% CI 5.2-7.1), respectively (p=0.05) (Figure 1). There was no difference in median WBC at 6 months (EVL = 5.8, and SRL = 6.1, p =0.3) or 1 year (EVL = 6.1 and SRL= 6.4, p = 0.6). There was no difference in median Hgb or PLT at each interval. Percent change in all hematologic parameters at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months were no different. There was no statistically significant difference in treatable biopsy proven rejection. Conclusion As compared to SRL, EVL's effect on WBC was observed early at 1 week and was only transient as there was no difference at 6 and 12 months. Effects on Hgb and PLT were similar between EVL and SRL.