cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Replication RCT of early universal prevention effects on young adult substance misuse.

OBJECTIVE For many substances, more frequent and problematic use occurs in young adulthood; these types of use are predicted by the timing of initiation during adolescence. We replicated and extended an earlier study examining whether delayed substance initiation during adolescence, resulting from universal preventive interventions implemented in middle school, reduces problematic use in young adulthood. METHOD Participants were middle school students from 36 Iowa schools randomly assigned to the Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10-14 (Molgaard, Spoth, & Redmond, 2000) plus Life Skills Training (LST; Botvin, 1995, 2000), LST-only, or a control condition. Self-report questionnaires were collected at 11 time points, including 4 during young adulthood. The intercept (average level) and rate of change (slope) in young adult frequency measures (drunkenness, alcohol-related problems, cigarettes, and illicit drugs) across ages 19-22 were modeled as outcomes influenced by growth factors describing substance initiation during adolescence. Analyses entailed testing a 2-step hierarchical latent growth curve model; models included the effects of baseline risk, intervention condition assignment, and their interaction. RESULTS Analyses showed significant indirect intervention effects on the average levels of all young adult outcomes, through effects on adolescent substance initiation growth factors, along with Intervention × Risk interaction effects favoring the higher risk subsample. Additional direct effects on young adult use were observed in some cases. Relative reduction rates were larger for the higher risk subsample at age 22, ranging from 5.8% to 36.4% on outcomes showing significant intervention effects. CONCLUSIONS Universal preventive interventions implemented during early adolescence have the potential to decrease the rates of substance use and associated problems into young adulthood.
Platelet-activating factor contributes to acute lung leak in rats given interleukin-1 intratracheally.

Lung lavage fluid of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) has increased levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and neutrophils, but their relationship to the lung leak that characterizes these patients is...
Maternal viral infections and fetal ocular malformation.

Of viruses that can cause fetal malformations, three—the viruses of herpes zoster, cytomegalic inclusion disease, and rubella-attack the eyes of the fetus or newborn infant. Herpes virus has produced cataracts, cytomegalic virus frequently leads to chorioretinitis, and rubella regularly produces many defects.
Wavelet packet and BP neural network based approach to long oil pipeline leakage checking

Wavelet packet decomposition and feature parameter vector extraction method based on wavelet packet energy were applied to feature parameter vector extraction of pipeline working state. The eigenvector coming from the method can reflect the reason of compressive stress falling in long petroleum pipeline. The eigenvectors were used to train BP neural network and BP neural network as the pipeline working state classifier. This method was used to recognize normal state, leakage state and pump adjusting state.The result shows that this working state recognition method based on wavelet packet decomposition and BP neural network is quit satisfactory.
Radiologic Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain— Suspected Myocardial Ischemia

The American College of Radiology has developed appropriateness criteria for a number of clinical conditions and procedures. Criteria are available on imaging tests used in the evaluation of acute chest pain--suspected myocardial ischemia. Imaging tests for a suspected cardiac etiology include transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, radionuclide perfusion imaging, radionuclide ventriculography, radionuclide infarct avid imaging, and positron emission tomography. If the cardiac ischemic work-up is negative or indeterminate, applicable tests include chest radiography; conventional, multidetector, and electron beam computed tomography; and magnetic resonance imaging. A summary of the criteria, with the advantages and limitations of each test, is presented in this article.
[Two-dimensional ultrasonic diagnosis of brain tumors and subdural hematomas by electronic sector scanning (author's transl)].

Electronic sector scanning (ESS) is a new two-dimensional ultrasonic technique which provides continuous and instantaneous cross-sections of intracranial structures through the intact skull, including the ventricles and large cerebral arteries, by means of a stationary probe. 2. The efficiency of the ESS in the diagnosis of brain tumors and extracerebral hematomas in 295 neuroradiologically controlled cases out of an unselected number of patients during 1972-1974 is described. 3. Supratentorial brain tumors can be detected directly with the ESS by abnoramal reflections of the tumors as well as indirectly by displacement of intracranial reference structures, mainly the ventricular borders. In 239 cases of suspected brain tumor, 126 were neurodiologically confirmed as supratentorial brain tumors. Among these 126 brain tumors the correct localization was determined by the ESS in 86.5%. 4. The highest reliability of the ESS proved to be the direct demonstration of frontal tumors (93%), whereas space-occupying lesions near the midline could be shown only in 79%. Up to now there have been difficulties in the diagnosis of tumors situated near bony structures, e.g., calvarian meningiomas. 5. Subdural hematomas (56 patients) could be lateralized correctly in 93%. Hwever, direct demonstration of the border of the hematomas could be achieved only in 48,2%. Chronic subdural hematomas in children are easier to recognize and the border could be demonstrated in 18 out of 19 cases. 6. The clinical applicability and diagnostic values of the ESS as a nontraumatic investigation procedure are discussed in comparison to cerebral angiography, pneumoencephalography, brain scintigraphy, and CAT scan. scintigraphy, and CAT scan.
ROLE OF MOUSE HEPATITIS CORONAVIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN

Alanine insertion mutants were created using a whole plasmid PCR protocol with a pair of primers containing the desired mutations. A plasmid containing the E gene was used as the template for PCR. After confirmation of the introduced mutations, the gene was subcloned into the G subclone of the MHV-CoV A59 infectious clone that is part of the seven cDNA fragment (A–G) system, kindly provided by Dr. Ralph Baric at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. All full-length cDNA clones were assembled and RNAs were transcribed using a protocol basically as described. 13 After electroporation, mutant viruses were recovered by plaque purification. Multiple plaques
From the Panama Canal to Post‐Fordism: Producing Temporary Labor Migrants Within and Beyond Agriculture in the United States (1904–2013)

In the historical study of modern American capitalism, labor unfreedom in agriculture has been conceptualized as an exception to liberal labor relations in the post-slavery polity, from debt peonage to the threat of deportation from workplaces populated by non-citizen migrants. At the same time, state-enforced labor compulsions and restrictions are increasingly part and parcel of what scholars call neoliberal exceptionalism. This article argues that agricultural and neoliberal exceptionalisms are related, by tracing the historical genealogy and juridical production of a restrictive work status, the deportable temporary labor migrant, across political economies in the modern United States, from imperial construction in the Panama Canal Zone, to agriculture, to the knowledge economy. Contrary to existing notions of temporary work visas as a new form of unfreedom in neoliberalized advanced capitalist states, I show how the threat of deportation is older and rooted in the rise of the liberal regulatory state in a post-slavery, yet persistently racial capitalist political economy. The import of understanding this history of government intervention increases as the liberal regulatory state's coercive logics and practices intensify and circulate in agriculture and under a post-Fordist regime of accumulation, reproducing racial capitalism in the labor process.
N6-(Methylnitroso)Adenosine: a Carcinogen of Environmental Significance

ABSTRACT The naturally occurring nucleoside N 6 -methyladenosine upon nitrosation, under conditions similar to those existing in the gastric contents, is converted into N 6 -(methylnitroso)adenosine (m 6 (NO)Ado), an effective multipotential carcinogen. This compound is also formed by tRNA nitrosation in vitro. We have studied several materials to determine the possibility that m 6 (NO)Ado occurs in the environment. The analytical procedures were those used for volatile and nonvolatile N-nitroso compounds: high pressure liquid chromatography, thermal energy analysis, and mutagenesis assays. We have found that western-type human food and animal feces of animals fed with it contained a fraction of a N-nitroso compound with the same retention time as m 6 (NO)Ado at concentrations ranging from 1.1-3.2 ppm. Therefore, m 6 (NO)Ado can be considered as a carcinogen of possible environmental significance. KEYWORDS : Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, tRNA, nitrosation, N-nitrosaminopurines, food, feces analysis.
66 DEVELOPMENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF OFFSPRING PRODUCED FROM MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES USING NEAR INFRARED ANALYSIS OF PLASMA

In vitro fertilization is optimized when there is a homogenous population of viable spermatozoa, not subjected toxic waste products of apoptotic cells. In a previous study, we developed a “nanopurification” technique to magnetically target and remove non-viable spermatozoa from a boar insemination dose. Nanopurified semen has successfully been studied with IVF in swine and bovine but lacks health data regarding offspring produced from exposed semen. Developmental health performance in mammals is typically assessed through measurements of immune related biomolecules in plasma (e.g. immunoglobulins), quantifying each variable with a specific analytical assay. Recent developments in aqueous based near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), aquaphotomics, have been shown to distinguish reproductive stages (e.g. oestrus, diestrus) in blood serum. Thus, application of aquaphotomics may be ideal for analysis of offspring resulting from fertilization with nanopurified semen, using serum or plasma. Our study objective was to identify holistic differences in blood plasma by characterising NIR spectral profiles in offspring produced from nanopurified semen. Extended boar semen doses were mixed with or without specific nanoparticles to target non-viable spermatozoa. Semen doses were exposed to an electromagnetic field, noninvasively separating non-viable spermatozoa from the insemination dose. Six gilts were bred with (n = 3) or without (n = 3) nanopurified semen. Following birth and weaning, 20 offspring of equal sexes were randomly selected from control and nanopurified litters (10/group) for growth and developmental measurements up until market weight. Blood plasma was collected from offspring at market weight for NIR analysis. Spectral data were collected with a quartz cuvette and ASD FieldSpec® 3 spectrophotometer (ASD Inc., Boulder, CO, USA). Chemometric analysis (Unscrambler® X version 10.4; CAMO Software, Oslo, Norway) included a Savistsky-Golay 1st and 2nd derivative for detection of distinct spectral features. Principal component analysis and partial least-squares block-discrimination were used to examine treatment effects, in a blind experiment. Plasma spectral profiles from control and nanopurified offspring contained 6 shared peaks at 1360, 1373, 1402, 1404, 1422, and 1428 nm. Principle components 1 and 2 accounted for 96.26% of the total variance, with no separation of principal component analysis scores for plasma spectra between groups. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis metrics (slope = 0.026, SECV = 0.52) and Students t-test showed no significant difference (P = 0.57) between groups. Results indicate blood plasma content is not influenced in nanopurified offspring when compared with the control. In addition, solute NIR has shown to be a valuable promising tool for assessing complex aqueous solutions in swine. Further effects on growth and development from offspring born from nanopurified continue to be investigated. This work was supported by USDA-ARS Biophotonics Initiative grant #58–6402–3-018.
Auditory Processing of Older Adults With Probable Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Purpose Studies suggest that deficits in auditory processing predict cognitive decline and dementia, but those studies included limited measures of auditory processing. The purpose of this study wa...
Perspectives on solar geoengineering from Finnish Lapland: Local insights on the global imaginary of Arctic geoengineering

Abstract “Solar geoengineering” or albedo modification—changing the reflectivity of the earth, using methods like placing particles in the stratosphere—has been proposed as a means to potentially cool the Arctic and forestall climate tipping points. However, this concept has remained a global imaginary, grounded in coarse-resolution climate modeling. How do people actually living in the Arctic imagine themselves experiencing or shaping solar geoengineering? How can the experience of people in particular places inform discussions of solar geoengineering governance? This paper synthesizes perspectives from extended interviews with citizen stakeholders in Finnish Lapland. Rather than approaching solar geoengineering from the perspective of Arctic or local interests, respondents took a global view of its prospects and governance. However, the idea of solar geoengineering also sparked deeper discussions about northern or Arctic ways of living in the Anthropocene: how to coexist with loss and unfamiliar climates, relocalization and new rural livelihoods in the north, and dematerialization of northern economies. The results challenge some common tacit assumptions in geoengineering governance discourse: (1) that people’s climate preferences are obvious or quantifiable; (2) that individuals will look at solar geoengineering through an personal, utilitarian lens, or as a game of maximizing benefits to their region, when in fact they may have a cosmopolitan or interconnected systems-perspective; and (3) that states act in the interests of their citizens, when in fact they may act in the interests of elites.
What Is Global Health

Global Health. Public Health. International Health. A simple Google search or literature review reveals the challenge of defining global health or global child health.
Scientists use neutrons to take a deeper look at record boost in thermoelectric efficiency

Neutron facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are aiding scientists in research to boost the power and efficiency of thermoelectric materials. These performance increases could enable ...
Malliavin Calculus for Stochastic Point Vortex and Lagrangian Models

We explore the properties of solutions of two stochastic fluid models for viscous flow in two dimensions. We establish the absolute continuity of the law of the corresponding solution using Malliavin calculus.
THE HEMOGLOBIN-DEFICIT MOUSE : CURE OF THE ANEMIA FOLLOWING BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION WITH NORMAL MARROW

Abstract The hemoglobin-deficit mouse mutant ( hbd ) is characterized by a severe microcytic anemia that is inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner. Previous results from our laboratory indicated that normal mice develop anemia if they are transplanted with bone marrow from mutant animals. Furthermore, we demonstrated a delay in erythroid reconstitution from hbd marrow compared to normal marrow. Although these experiments show a defect that is intrinsic to hbd marrow, it is unclear if the hbd phenotype is solely the result of a bone marrow-derived defect. To exclude an environmental influence on hbd anemia, we attempted to cure the defect by transplanting normal marrow into the hbd mouse. We observed that the transplanted animals converted to a normal phenotype. These results indicated that the defect is bone marrow derived. In contrast to the microcytosis mutant whose defective gene is ubiquitiously expressed, our data suggest that the defective gene product is specific to hematopoietic cells.
Point-by-point prediction of cutting force in 3-axis CNC milling machines through voxel framework in digital manufacturing

A new digital-based model is presented for the prediction of cutting forces in 3-axis CNC milling of surfaces. The model uses an algorithm to detect the work-piece/cutter intersection domain automatically for given cutter location, cutter and work-piece geometries. The algorithm uses a voxel-based representation for the workpiece and rasterized tool slice to detect the tool engagement. Furthermore, an analytical approach is used to calculate the cutting forces based on the discretized model. The results of model validation experiments on machining PMMA, Aluminum 6061 and 304 Stainless Steel are presented. Comparisons of the predicted and measured forces show that this digital approach can be used to accurately predict forces during machining.
Immunohistochemical analysis of OTP and NKX6.1 in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and pancreas

Background Homeobox transcription factors have demonstrated utility in diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors. Orthopedia homeobox protein (OTP) has a well-defined role in embryonic neurodevelopment and has also been described as a prognostic marker in lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Additionally, NK6 homeobox-1 (NKX6.1) has been described to be necessary for the development of neuroendocrine cells in the pancreas. We evaluated immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of OTP and NKX6.1 to determine their utility in the diagnosis of NETs from lung and pancreas fine-needle aspirations (FNA). Methods Our study examined 50 FNA specimens, including 30 primary pulmonary NETs (8 carcinoid tumors (CT), 6 atypical carcinoids (AC), 11 small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNEC), 5 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC)) and 20 primary pancreatic NETs (17 well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) and 3 poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNEC)). IHC expression of OTP, NKX6.1, and Ki-67 was evaluated on FNA cell blocks. Results Half of the pulmonary TC tumors expressed OTP, while only 17% of AC and 20% of LCNEC expressed OTP. Neither SCNECs nor any pancreatic NET expressed OTP. In contrast, intermediate and high-grade tumors expressed NKX6.1 (LCNEC-80%, SCNEC-82%, and AC-83%) more often than low-grade tumors (TC-63%, PanNET-71%). All three PanNECs expressed NKX6.1. Conclusions OTP may be useful in diagnosing well-differentiated NETs of pulmonary origin. NKX6.1 may have utility in segregating high from low-grade NETs of both pulmonary and pancreatic origin, although other methods will be required to determine site of origin.
Evaluation of the capacities of mouse TCR profiling from short read RNA-seq data.

Profiling T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire via short read transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) has a unique advantage of probing simultaneously TCRs and the genome-wide RNA expression of other genes. However, compared to targeted amplicon approaches, the shorter read length is more prone to mapping error. In addition, only a small percentage of the genome-wide reads may cover the TCR loci and thus the repertoire could be significantly under-sampled. Although this approach has been applied in a few studies, the utility of transcriptome sequencing in probing TCR repertoires has not been evaluated extensively. Here we present a systematic assessment of RNA-Seq in TCR profiling. We evaluate the power of both Fluidigm C1 full-length single cell RNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq in characterizing the repertoires of different diversities under either naive conditions or after immunogenic challenges. Standard read length and sequencing coverage were employed so that the evaluation was conducted in accord with the current RNA-Seq practices. Despite high sequencing depth in bulk RNA-Seq, we encountered difficulty quantifying TCRs with low transcript abundance (<1%). Nevertheless, top enriched TCRs with an abundance of 1–3% or higher can be faithfully detected and quantified. When top TCR sequences are of interest and transcriptome sequencing is available, it is worthwhile to conduct a TCR profiling using the RNA-Seq data.
Slow manifolds for dynamical systems with non-Gaussian stable Lévy noise

This work is concerned with the dynamics of a class of slow–fast stochastic dynamical systems driven by non-Gaussian stable Levy noise with a scale parameter. Slow manifolds with exponentially trac...
Coping with inadvertent lysis of Escherichia coli cultures: Strains resistant to lysogeny and infection by the stealthy lysogenic phage Φ80

Phage Φ80 can infect Escherichia coli in a stealthy manner and persist by forming lysogens. Such Φ80 lysogens are fairly common and often go undetected unless the host is grown at temperatures below 37°C. Since low growth temperatures are required for growing temperature-sensitive mutants and often preferred for large-scale applications such as protein production, Φ80-resistant strains would be useful. We report the construction of E. coli strains that cannot be efficiently lysogenized or infected by bacteriophage Φ80. These strains contain combinations of deletions or mutations in the bacterial attachment site for Φ80 integration and/or deletions in the genes required for phage absorption to the host outer membrane. These strains should help contain and prevent Φ80 infection of E. coli cultures in a laboratory or industrial setting.
A Broadband 90° Polarization Rotator Metasurface

In this communication, a broadband reflective 90° polarization rotator metasurface is presented. The metasurface unit cell is composed of double-slit circular split ring resonator with a Swiss-cross in the middle. A horizontally-polarized normally incident wave is rotated by this metasurface into vertically-polarized wave and vice versa within 3dB fractional bandwidth of 66.6% from 5.7-11.4 GHz. The polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of the proposed polarization rotator is above 75% within the operating band. A broadband polarization rotation is realized because of multiple plasmon resonances at different frequencies.
Mitochondrion: I am more than a fuel server.

Apart from reliable management of the “powerhouse” of the cell, mitochondria faithfully orchestrate a diverse array of important and critical functions in governing cellular signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, mitophagy and innate and adaptive immune system. Introduction of instability and imbalance in the mitochondrial own genome or the nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteome would result in the manifestation of various diseases through alterations in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and nuclear-mitochondria retrograde signaling. Understanding mitochondrial biology and dynamism are thus of paramount importance to develop strategies to prevent or treat various diseases caused due to mitochondrial alterations.
Parental Satisfaction in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (picu)

Background: Parents have a central role in the care of their sick child in the PICU. Parental satisfaction with their child’s care is a critical part of quality assessment and outcome measure in healthcare. Aim: To assess parental satisfaction of children admitted in the PICU by developing a PICU-specific parent satisfaction survey and comparing their responses in this survey with an existent hospital wide (Pres Ganey) survey. Materials and methods: Study was undertaken at a 20 bed PICU of a university hospital over a 5-month period (October 2015-February 2016). A …
Normal and reduced phonological space: the production of English vowels by deaf adolescents

Abstract: The production of three English vowels having the most extreme formant frequency values (/i/, /a/, /o/) was investigated in the speech of 36 deaf and 4 normally-hearing adolescents. The formant frequencies of five tokens of each of these vowels were measured spectrographically for each subject. The phonological space defined by the maximum and minimum values of the first and second formants is found to be reduced for many of the deaf subjects. This reduction of phonological space is due primarily to a relative immobility of the second formant and secondarily to a restricted range of the first formant. It is suggested that the phonological space reduced most noticeably in the dimension of the second formant is due to the abnormal auditory and visual feedback imposed upon the deaf child: (1) the frequency sensitivity of the deaf child is typically worse in the region of the second rather than the first formant; (2) the articulatory gestures of tongue movement, which exert a strong influence on the movement of the second formant, are among the most difficult for the deaf child to see.
Chapter 6 Buffers: Principles and Practice1

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses buffers, its principles, selection, preparation, and practice. It has become important to find buffers to stabilize hydrogen ion concentrations while not interfering with the function of the enzyme being studied. The development of a series of N-substituted taurine and glycine buffers has provided buffers in the physiologically relevant range (6.1–10.4) of most enzymes, which have limited side effects with most enzymes. These buffers are nontoxic to cells at 50 mM concentrations and in some cases much higher. Many factors must be considered while choosing a buffer. When studying an enzyme one must consider the pH optimum of the enzyme, nonspecific buffer effects on the enzyme, and interactions with substrates or metals. Determining the pH optimum of a protein is a first step in determining the best buffer to employ. Volatile buffers are useful in electrophoresis, ion-exchange chromatography, and digestion of proteins followed by separation of peptides or amino acids. There may be occasions where a single buffer system is desired that can span a wide pH range of perhaps 5 or more pH units. One method would be a mixture of buffers that sufficiently covers the pH range of interest. This may lead to nonspecific buffer interactions, for which corrections must be made. Another common approach is to use a series of structurally related buffers that have evenly spaced pK values such that each pK is separated by approximately ±1 pH unit.
The Underground Railroad As Afrofuturism: Enslaved Blacks Who Imagined A Future And Used Technology To Reach The “Outer Spaces of Slavery”

This article employs the lens of Afrofuturism to address the Underground Railroad, detailing what imagination, tact, and technology, it took for fugitive Blacks to flee to the “outer spaces of slavery.” Black enslavement was as terrifying as any exotic fictional tale, but it happened to real humans alienated in the “peculiar institution.” Escaping slavery brought dreams to life, and at times must have felt like “magical realism,” or an out-of-body experience, and the American North, Canada, Mexico, Africa, Europe, and free Caribbean islands were otherworldly and science fiction-like, in contrast to where Black fugitives ascended. This article will address the intersections of race, technology, and liberation, by retroactively applying a modern concept to historical moments.
A theory of norm collapse

How a social norm emerges has been studied extensively. However, how a norm collapses has rarely been addressed in the literature. In this article, extending the theories of norm emergence by Colem...
Complicated – But Not Too Complicated: The Sunset of E.U. Law in the U.K. After Brexit

The British people voted in June 2016 - by a fairly narrow but decisive margin, and on a large voter turnout - to leave the European Union. The character of the EU is complicated. Leaving the EU will also be complicated. From its outset, the EU embraced a contradiction, or at least tendencies that potentially conflict, between free trade on the one hand, and command-and-control regulation on the other. Given the somewhat Janus-faced character of the EU, the UK Brexit campaigns on both sides embraced contradictory tendencies and interests. The Leave party were both pro-freer trade and pro-more protectionism; the Remain party were both pro-free trading within the EU and at the same time, in many cases, pro-extensive regulation and rule by experts, suspicious (at best) towards market freedom. The outcome of the referendum therefore leaves various questions open. Might the UK re-join “Europe” on essentially unchanged or on modestly changed terms, perhaps as an EFTA member, or will it get a better “special” deal with the EU, or will it trade on WTO terms? Will the UK move towards more global free trade or more protectionism? What about Scotland? What about Northern Ireland and the cross-border arrangements with the Republic of Ireland (the UK’s prospective land border with the EU)? From a legal point of view, dis-embracing the EU will not be simple. The UK has been in the EU and hence has subjected itself to EU law and regulation over the course of four decades. Many, if not most, areas of UK law are deeply affected by EU treaties, regulations, directives, and decisions. Prime Minister May’s government has promised that with Brexit, Parliament will enact a “savings” law to keep everything the same, and to adopt existing EU rules into UK law. This will set the stage for later statutes or regulations to change the existing rules, and of course for further controversy - which is already proving remarkably bitter - both over procedure and substance. The article provides a guide to the different forms of EU law, including judicial principles that now differ depending on whether EU or purely domestic law is at stake. The article then considers how the UK might manage - or discard - the legacy of EU law. Is the “reception” of common law by the newly independent United States after the American Revolution a helpful model? Or should the UK consider adopting a “sunset” principle for EU law? Or will EU law be cut back - minimally or extensively - by administrative regulation? Depending in part on these quasi-technical considerations, and to a greater degree on the political will of the present and future UK governments, the UK will choose how much of the EU legacy (or burden) to stick with in the years and decades ahead.
Promoting equity in retreat through voluntary property buyout programs

Voluntary property buyouts have been the most prevalent form of managed retreat in the USA to date. Tens of thousands of households have sold their flood-prone homes to the government, and after the structures are demolished, the land becomes open space. Concerns have been raised about the equity of buyout processes and outcomes, spanning distributive, procedural, and interactional dimensions of social justice. In this policy analysis, we first provide an overview of equity and justice issues in buyouts based on existing literature. We consider multiple relevant stakeholder groups: the communities in which buyouts occur, potential participants and relocating households, residents who choose to stay, and the destination communities. Second, we present policy options that may address and reduce existing social inequities in buyouts. Third, we outline how improved reporting on buyout programs by implementers can support buyout policy learning that will improve buyout outcomes and equity. Indicators can provide insight on who has access to buyouts, the effect of buyout implementation on outcomes, and the consequences of relocating—or not—for all affected. With increasing climate risks, voluntary property buyouts will remain an important means of reducing exposure to flooding and other hazards. For this method of retreat to occur effectively at greater scale, attention to social justice in program evaluation and policy learning is necessary.
Respiratory distress due to a laryngeal mass in a Holstein cow

A five year old Holstein cow was presented to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with respiratory noise of several months and anorexia of approximately two weeks duration. She had been treated with flunixin meglumine and penicillin with no signs of improvement. The respiratory noise had gradually increased and the cow's condition worsened over a two week period. She developed a fever, began losing weight and milk production dropped from 125# to 85# or less. The cow had been born and raised on the farm and was 74 days fresh. The calving was normal and no oral or jugular IV medication had been administered since freshening. The only change in environment was the addition of two calves purchased at auction in Fon du Lac, Wisconsin two weeks prior to the onset of signs.
Recent advances in robotics

APPLICATIONS: Robots in Modern Industry Robotic Control to Help the Disabled MECHANICS: Mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics Kinematic and Force Analysis of Articulated Hands A Vector Analysis of Robot Manipulators Six- Legged Walking Robots SENSORS: Three-Dimensional Robot Vision Techniques Use of Optical Reflectance Sensors Device Organization in Advanced Robot Systems Tactile Sensing for Robots References.
Angiographic demonstration of a spinal epidural arteriovenous malformation. Case report.

✓ A 16-year-old boy presented with acute midline thoracic pain followed by rapidly progressive paraplegia. The initial neurological examination demonstrated a complete sensory and motor paraplegia, which significantly improved spontaneously over the following 2 days. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior epidural hematoma extending from the T-4 to T-6 vertebrae, and spinal angiography demonstrated an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a nidus of abnormal epidural vessels at the level of the T-5 vertebra, which was confirmed surgically. This case represents one of the first reports of a spinal epidural AVM confirmed by angiography.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Presenting with Severe Marrow Fibrosis

We report a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) presenting with severely fibrotic marrow. There are four other reports of similar cases in the literature. Our patient was treated with All-Transretinoic Acid- (ATRA-) containing induction chemotherapy, followed by consolidation and maintenance therapy. He achieved a complete morphologic remission with adequate count recovery in a timely fashion, and later a molecular remission was documented. The patient remains in molecular remission and demonstrates normal blood counts now more than 4 years after induction. Since the morphological appearance may not be typical and the bone marrow may not yield an aspirate for cytogenetic analysis, awareness of such entity is important to make a correct diagnosis of this potentially curable disease.
The energy coupling efficiency of multiwavelength laser pulses to damage initiating defects in deuterated KH2PO4 nonlinear crystals

The bulk damage performance of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals under simultaneous exposure to 1064, 532, and 355nm nanosecond-laser pulses is investigated in order to probe the mechanisms governing damage initiation during frequency conversion. The results provide insight into the dependence on laser parameters of the defect-assisted excitation process responsible for coupling of the laser energy into the lattice under exposure to high power laser light. In addition, it is suggested that the damage performance can be directly related to and predicted from the damage behavior of the crystal at each wavelength separately.
Nonprofit Risk; Nonprofit Insurance

Arkansas insurance law and Arkansas nonprofit case law provide the background materials for this study of nonprofit insurance risks and insurance products. The issues are objectively analyzed, in the context of practical research and discussion, with an audience of legal practitioners as the focal audience. This paper provides brief historical discussion of charitable immunity and provides outline treatment of nonprofit statutes and related immunity statutes. Developed textual footnotes compile nationwide legal research as well as insurance product research. Covers basic terminology needed to understand insurance product advertising (e.g., claims-made versus occurrence policies; coverage versus exclusions). Covers nationwide research on insurance claims litigation that will help readers make informed consumer decisions about what insurance products make sense in light of nonprofit risks. Highlights features of Directors and Officers Liability (DO Errors and Omissions (EO and General Liability (CGL) insurance. While case and statutory examples are drawn from Arkansas case and statutory law, national research and application appears in nonprofit insurance product discussion and in textual footnotes.
Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Review of Past and Recent Developments

In this paper, a review of past and recent developments in the dynamics of flexible multibody systems is presented. The objective is to review some of the basic approaches used in the computer aided kinematic and dynamic analysis of flexible mechanical systems, and to identify future directions in this research area. Among the formulations reviewed in this paper are the floating frame of reference formulation, the finite element incremental methods, large rotation vector formulations, the finite segment method, and the linear theory of elastodynamics. Linearization of the flexible multibody equations that results from the use of the incremental finite element formulations is discussed. Because of space limitations, it is impossible to list all the contributions made in this important area. The reader, however, can find more references by consulting the list of articles and books cited at the end of the paper. Furthermore, the numerical procedures used for solving the differential and algebraic equations of flexible multibody systems are not discussed in this paper since these procedures are similar to the techniques used in rigid body dynamics. More details about these numerical procedures as well as the roots and perspectives of multibody system dynamics are discussed in a companion review by Schiehlen [79]. Future research areas in flexible multibody dynamics are identified as establishing the relationship between different formulations, contact and impact dynamics, control-structure interaction, use of modal identification and experimental methods in flexible multibody simulations, application of flexible multibody techniques to computer graphics, numerical issues, and large deformation problem. Establishing the relationship between different flexible multibody formulations is an important issue since there is a need to clearly define the assumptions and approximations underlying each formulation. This will allow us to establish guidelines and criteria that define the limitations of each approach used in flexible multibody dynamics. This task can now be accomplished by using the “absolute nodal coordinate formulation” which was recently introduced for the large deformation analysis of flexible multibody systems.
Durability and clinical impact of tricuspid valve procedures in patients receiving a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device.

Abstract Objective Patients evaluated for a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device frequently present with severe right ventricular dysfunction with tricuspid regurgitation. Long-term outcomes of concurrent tricuspid valve procedures in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation are unclear. Methods From May 2004 to December 2013, 336 patients received continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Among these, 8 patients with prior tricuspid valve procedures were excluded. At continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation, 76 patients underwent tricuspid valve procedures (group A), including 68 repairs and 8 replacements. The remaining 252 patients did not receive concurrent tricuspid valve procedures (group B). Results Preoperatively, group A had higher central venous pressure/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ( P = .032), total bilirubin ( P = .009), and percentage of moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation (98.7% vs 18.8%; P P P = .042), and bleeding requiring reoperation (27.5% vs 16.7%; P = .046) were significantly increased. In-hospital mortality was similar (10.5% vs 6.4%; P = .22). On-device 2-year survival was 73.9% in group A and 74.2% in group B ( P = .24). At 2 years, mean cumulative readmissions for right heart failure was 0.21 in group A and 0.27 in group B ( P = .95). A generalized linear mixed-effects model showed that tricuspid valve procedures are protective for developing future significant tricuspid regurgitation (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.76; P = .006). Conclusions Concomitant tricuspid valve procedures at continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation can be performed safely and are protective against worsening tricuspid regurgitation during the first 2 years of support.
POXVIRUS INFECTION AND APOPTOSIS

The following excellent reviews have been published on poxviruses and apoptosis during the last few years: P.C. Turner and R.W. Moyer, Semin. Virology, 8: 453–469, 1998; J.L. Shisler and B. Moss, Semin. Immunol., 13: 67–72, 2001; and H. Everett and G. McFadden, Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 5: 395–402, 2002. These articles dealt with the viral products and the mechanisms by which they interfere with apoptosis. In this review, we summarize new and old information and also introduce a new approach to explore interactions between the host cell and the replicating virus.
A new care paradigm in geriatric head and neck surgical oncology

Background and Objectives Perioperative management of elderly patients with head and neck cancer poses unique challenges. Our objective is to describe the implementation and feasibility of a novel intervention designed to improve perioperative care in geriatric head and neck surgery. Methods This pilot study was performed in a single-institution, NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center. All surgical patients with head and neck cancer over age 75 were offered perioperative consultation with fellowship-trained geriatricians focusing in geriatric oncology. Results Between 2010 and 2011, a total of 168 patients requiring head and neck surgery were seen by the geriatric service, of which 94% subsequently underwent surgery. Apart from preoperative medical optimization, geriatricians assisted in complex decision-making regarding the indications for cancer-directed therapy. Postoperatively, they assisted in preventing and treating delirium and poly-pharmacy, facilitating discharge planning, and initiating rehabilitation. Postoperatively, 87% were discharged home, and 13% required placement in skilled nursing facilities. At 24 months, overall survival was 80%. Patients, surgeons and geriatricians alike were enthusiastic about the initiative, which is expanding within the institution. Conclusion Geriatric perioperative support for elderly head and neck cancer patients is well-received with promising potential. The tangible impact and direct benefits of this pilot initiative require additional study. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:187–191. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religion and Human Trafficking

Human trafficking is a global form of victimization which transcends all geographical boundaries. It is also a form of objectification that strikes at core values of human dignity, protection for the vulnerable, and accountability for the exploiter. As such, it is a form of victimization that demands both a global solution and grassroots actors. Religions throughout the world stand in a uniquely advantageous position to aid in the fight against trafficking. As global institutions, their reach is broad. As grassroots organizations, their influence runs deep. As moral voices of the community, their impact can be profound. This piece examines the role organized religion can play in the anti-human trafficking movement. Following the framework of the four component parts of the movement: partnership, protection, prosecutions, and prevention, this article discusses the space religions can occupy within that framework. Additionally, the piece also overlays onto that framework the direction proposed by Pope Francis, which further advances the significant contribution religion can make in the fight against trafficking. Therefore, the piece acts as a platform from which to explore how to capture the strength of religions and utilize them to prevent and respond to human trafficking.
Infertility around the Globe: New Thinking on Childlessness, Gender, and Reproductive Technologies

Infertility around the Globe: New Thinking on Childlessness, Gender, and Reproductive Technologies. Marcia C. Inhorn and Frank Van Balen. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 347 pp.
Simulation of Dust Statistical Characteristics in Tokamaks

In this work we analyze the size (radius) distribution function of dust particles in tokamak plasmas during a steady state discharge. A relation between the radius distribution function of dust in the plasma and the radius distribution of dust injected from tokamak walls is obtained using a Green's function formalism. Numerical simulations of the dust radius distribution function in a tokamak plasma with the Dust Transport (DUSTT) code are used to obtain the analytical form of the Green's function semi-empirically. It is demonstrated that the Green's function obtained can be used to predict qualitatively the dust size distributions in the tokamak plasmas. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An evaluation of secondary failure to tolbutamide therapy.

Summary: An evaluation of the hypoglycaemic effect of tolbutamide was performed over 69 months in 50 newly diagnosed ketosis resistant diabetics who were predominantly obese, female, and Negro in origin. All were participants in the University Group Diabetes Programme, and were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (placebo, tolbutamide, constant insulin, and variable insulin), which were indistinguishable by baseline characteristics. The hypoglycaemic effect of intravenously administered tolbutamide showed no evidence of change with time and was not significantly different in tolbutamide treated patients. The hypoglycaemic effect of orally administered tolbutamide in the fasting state was also maintained throughout. After a glucose load a specific impairment of the hypoglycaemic effect of tolbutamide was noted during the course of the study. However, a progressive rise in blood sugar levels occurred in all treatment groups after the first twelve months of therapy both in the fasting state and after a glucose load, and this was greater than any changes in treatment response. The changes in blood sugar levels were not related to changes in body weight. The results show that the delayed reappearance of hyperglycaemia associated with tolbutamide therapy is not primarily and drug related phenomenon.