cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of 125I decay in the DNA double strand break repair deficient mutant cell line, xrs-5.

The survival of parental Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K1 cells and the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair deficient mutant, xrs-5 was determined after accumulation of 125I decays. Both CHO and xrs-5 cells were extremely sensitive to accumulated 125I decays. The Do values for CHO and xrs-5 cells were 40 and approximately 7 decays per cell, respectively. The difference in cell survival between CHO and xrs-5 cells was not due to differences in overall 125IUdR incorporation, differences in labelling index (LI) or differences in plating efficiency (PE). Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values calculated relative to 137Cs gamma radiation survival values (Do and D10) were higher in xrs-5 cells compared with CHO cells. Although both CHO and xrs-5 cells have high RBE values that correspond to a high sensitivity of CHO and xrs-5 cells to 125I decay. The higher RBE observed for xrs-5 cells in combination with the known repair defect in xrs-5 cells support the idea that unrepaired DNA double strand breaks are...
Multiresolution Gabor Feature Extraction for Real Time Applications

Multiresolution Gab or filters are used for feature extraction for a variety of applications. Most hardware implementations have focused on iterative mechanisms on fixed hardware for implementing the different levels of resolution. In contrast, we present a configurable architecture that enhances the resource utilization of the hardware fabric. Our results show that our implementation achieves real-time performance on 2048x1536 images and exhibits 6 times speed up over a GPU implementation. Further, our FPGA implementation achieves an energy-efficiency of processing 0.4 fps/W as compared to the GPU that achieves 0.036 fps/W.
Rheumatoid-Factor-Reactive Sites on CH2 Established Analysis of Overlapping Peptides of Primary Sequence

Polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) from ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) isolated on IgG affinity columns were studied for their reactivity with overlapping 7-mer peptides representative of solvent accessible regions of the CH2 domains of IgG using a pin-ELISA assay. A panel of nine monoclonal RF from RA patients' B cells were studied in parallel. Four peptides SVFLFPP (239-245), KFNWYVD (274-280), NSTYRVVSV (297-305) and VLTVLHQNWL (305-314) reacted with most RF. Glycine substitution showed that tryptophanes at 277 and 313, tyrosine at 278, valines at 279 and 305, and leucine 314 represented important residues for RF reactivity. Assays using monoclonal IgM RF produced from RA synovial B cells or peripheral blood B cells frequently showed a restricted spectrum of reactivity for CH2 epitopes, which often were identical to those binding to polyclonal IgM RF. Combinations of synthetic 7-mer peptides representing RF-reactive CH2 or CH3 epitopes produced as much as 60-90% inhibition of RF binding to IgG when peptides were preincubated with RF in free solution before completion of the reaction of RF with IgG on the ELISA plate.
A native chromatin extraction method based on salicylic acid coated magnetic nanoparticles and characterization of chromatin

Native chromatin contains valuable genetic, epigenetic and structural information. Though DNA and nucleosome structures are well defined, less is known about the higher-order chromatin structure. Traditional chromatin extraction methods involve fixation, fragmentation and centrifugation, which might distort the higher-order structural information of native chromatin. We present a simple approach to isolate native chromatin from cultured mammalian cells using salicylic acid coated magnetic nanoparticles (SAMNPs). Chromatin is magnetically separated from cell lysates without any filtration or high-speed centrifugation. The purified chromatin is suitable for the examination of histone modifications and other chromatin associated proteins as confirmed by western blotting analysis. The structure of chromatin was determined by confocal fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). High-resolution AFM and TEM images clearly show a classical bead-on-a-string structure. The higher-order chromatin structure is also determined via electron microscopy. Our method provides a simple, inexpensive and an environmentally friendly means to extract native chromatin not possible before, suitable for both biochemical and structural analysis.
Directional Positive Selection on an Allele of Arbitrary Dominance

Most models of positive directional selection assume codominance of the beneficial allele. We examine the importance of this assumption by implementing a coalescent model of positive directional selection with arbitrary dominance. We find that, for a given mean fixation time, a beneficial allele has a much weaker effect on diversity at linked neutral sites when the allele is recessive.
Ultrafast equilibration of excited electrons in dynamical simulations.

In our density-functional-based simulations of materials responding to femtosecond-scale laser pulses, we have observed a potentially useful phenomenon: the excited electrons automatically equilibrate to a Fermi–Dirac distribution within ~100 fs, solely because of their coupling to the nuclear motion, even though the resulting electronic temperature is one to two orders of magnitude higher than the kinetic temperature defined by the nuclear motion. Microscopic simulations like these can then provide the separate electronic and kinetic temperatures, chemical potentials, pressures, and nonhydrostatic stresses as input for studies on larger lengths and timescales.
Monsanto Discovers New Social Media

As a number of critical commentators have pointed out for some years now, the internet and other information and communication technologies are subject to capture by actors motivated less by calls for openness and democratic communication practices than by control, power, and profit. Employing the concept of ‘framing’, this paper offers a case study of how one company in particular, Monsanto, recently has engaged in vigorous efforts to develop and implement new communication and public relations strategies employing various forms of new social media. The findings presented are based on interviews with key communication personnel at Monsanto’s corporate head office and analysis of the content contained on its website and social networking venues such as facebook, twitter, and YouTube.
Immunologic and biochemical characterization of homozygous and heterozygous Glanzmann thrombasthenia in the Iraqi‐Jewish and Arab populations of Israel: comparison of techniques for carrier detection

Summary To define biochemically and immunologically the platelet defect in Iraqi-Jews and Arabs with Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Israel, we tested the platelets of 32 thrombasthenics and 37 obligate carriers from 19 families with affected members. Thrombasthenic platelets were devoid of glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and devoid of the GPIIb/IIIa complex as judged by radio-electroimmunoassay. Binding of a murine monoclonal antibody directed at GPIIb and/or GPIIIa to intact thrombasthenic platelets averaged less than 2% of the control value. Evaluation of the number of molecules of antibody bound per platelet permitted discrimination between controls and obligate carriers with a high degree of accuracy (sensitivity = 91.9%, specificity = 92.3%). Obligate carriers could also be discriminated from controls by determining the ratio of GPIIb to GPIb by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by quantifying the GPIIb/IIIa complex by radio-electroimmunoassay. These studies indicate that the thrombasthenics in Israel have the severe form of the disease (type I) and that the platelets of heterozygotes have significantly reduced amounts of both total and surface-exposed GPIIb and/or GPIIIa.
Striving to Feel Good: Ideal Affect, Actual Affect, and Their Correspondence Across Adulthood

The experience of positive affect is essential for healthy functioning and quality of life. Although there is a great deal of research on ways in which people regulate negative states, little is known about the regulation of positive states. In the present study we examined age differences in the types of positive states people strive to experience and the correspondence between their desired and actual experiences. Adults aged 18–93 years of age described their ideal positive affect states. Then, using experience-sampling over a 7-day period, they reported their actual positive affect experiences. Two types of positive affect were assessed: low-arousal (calm, peaceful, relaxed) and high-arousal (excited, proud). Young participants valued both types of positive affect equally. Older participants, however, showed increasingly clear preferences for low-arousal over high-arousal positive affect. Older adults reached both types of positive affective goals more often than younger adults (indicated by a smaller discrepancy between actual and ideal affect). Moreover, meeting ideal levels of positive low-arousal affect (though not positive high-arousal affect) was associated with individuals’ physical health, over and above levels of actual affect. Findings underscore the importance of considering age differences in emotion-regulatory goals related to positive experience.
Application of sensitivity-encoded echo-planar imaging for blood oxygen level-dependent functional brain imaging.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast require rapid scan techniques that are robust under conditions such as subject motion and tissue pulsations. This is because the signal changes due to neuronal activation are only a small percentage of the full MRI signal, and thus are difficult to distinguish from other signal fluctuations. In fMRI, single-shot techniques such as echo-planar imaging (EPI) and spiral imaging are often preferred over multishot techniques because of their reduced sensitivity for shot-to-shot signal variations (1,2). However, these techniques require rapid gradient switching, leading to high levels of acoustic noise and potentially to peripheral nerve stimulation. In addition, image quality is affected by blurring and warping, caused by T* 2 and off-resonance effects. These effects increase with B0-field strength and limit the achievable spatial resolution. With single-shot EPI techniques, blurring can be reduced by using reduced data acquisition techniques, such as half k-space acquisition, combined with homodyne image reconstruction (3,4). These techniques appear to have some benefits for fMRI (5), although they can potentially lead to image artifacts caused by errors in background phase.
Interrogation-based relay routing for ad hoc satellite networks

Future Earth and space science missions are envisioned to be implemented using a flexible, distributed architecture consisting of a constellation of dynamically deployed or configured satellites that are networked together into an integrated information system. These satellites form an ad hoc network characterised by a frequently changing topology and potentially sparse and intermittent connectivity, which pose unique challenges to routing. We propose interrogation-based relay routing for ad hoc satellite networks, where the satellites interrogate each other to learn more about network topology and nodal capacity to make intelligent routing decisions. Simulations have been conducted to study the effects of satellite density and orbital patterns on throughput and delivery ratio.
Amelioration of Influenza Virus Pathogenesis in Chickens Attributed to the Enhanced Interferon-Inducing Capacity of a Virus with a Truncated NS1 Gene

Avian influenza virus (AIV) A/turkey/Oregon/71-SEPRL (TK/OR/71-SEPRL) (H7N3) encodes a full-length NS1 protein and is a weak inducer of interferon (IFN). A variant, TK/OR/71-delNS1 (H7N3), produces a truncated NS1 protein and is a strong inducer of IFN. These otherwise genetically related variants differ 20-fold in their capacities to induce IFN in primary chicken embryo cells but are similar in their sensitivities to the action of IFN. Furthermore, the weak IFN-inducing strain actively suppresses IFN induction in cells that are otherwise programmed to produce it. These phenotypic differences are attributed to the enhanced IFN-inducing capacity that characterizes type A influenza virus strains that produce defective NS1 protein. The pathogenesis of these two variants was evaluated in 1-day-old and 4-week-old chickens. The cell tropisms of both viruses were similar. However, the lesions in chickens produced by the weak IFN inducer were more severe and differed somewhat in character from those observed for the strong IFN inducer. Differences in lesions included the nature of inflammation, the rate of resolution of the infection, and the extent of viral replication and/or virus dissemination. The amelioration of pathogenesis is attributed to the higher levels of IFN produced by the variant encoding the truncated NS1 protein and the antiviral state subsequently induced by that IFN. The high titer of virus observed in kidney tissue (≈109 50% embryo lethal doses/g) from 1-day-old chickens infected intravenously by the weak IFN-inducing strain is attributed to the capacity of chicken kidney cells to activate the hemagglutinin fusion peptide along with their unresponsiveness to inducers of IFN as measured in vitro. Thus, the IFN-inducing capacity of AIV appears to be a significant factor in regulating the pathogenesis, virulence, and viral transmission of AIV in chickens. This suggests that the IFN-inducing and IFN induction suppression phenotypes of AIV should be considered when characterizing strains of influenza virus.
Results of Production Thermal Cycle Screening

The results of a large-scale production thermal-cycle screen at the system-level and the failure distribution at the piece-part level and at the failure-mechanism level of integrated circuits are given. The effectiveness of the thermal-cycle screen is discussed at both the system and integrated-circuit level. Failure rates for integrated-circuit failure mechanisms are compared for the thermal-cycle screen and field experience.
A novel bitstream level joint channel error concealment scheme for realtime video over wireless networks

With the increasing trend towards wireless multimedia transmission, robust video transmission over time-varying wireless links becomes increasingly important. The question for realtime video is, given the bandwidth and delay constraints, how to achieve maximal visual quality when the channel is subjected to random and bursty errors. The goal of this paper is to salvage as many data from the damaged packets as possible for the highest possible visual quality. In this work, we propose a bitstream level error correction/concealment method using reliability information from soft output channel decoder. Results show that the proposed method can effectively combat residual errors in typical error prone wireless links such as 3G wireless systems, consequently achieving very high after-concealment video quality
Petrography of liquefaction residues: semifusinite concentrates from a Peach Orchard coal lithotype, Magoffin County, Kentucky

Abstract Liquefaction of a semifusinite-rich lithotype of the Peach Orchard coal from Magoffin County, Kentucky, indicated conversions at high temperatures and long residence times was a consequence of vitrinite, liptinite, and semifusinite reactivity. The percentage of oils and gases were similar to that produced at lower severity from a Springfield (Western Kentucky No. 9) coal. Semifusinite is converted to vitroplast and anisotropic semicoke in the liquefaction of an DGC inertinite concentrate and to anisotropic semicoke in the liquefaction of the parent coal. Granular residue increases in concentration in the higher severity residues.
Role for Ferredoxin:NAD(P)H Oxidoreductase (FprA) in Sulfate Assimilation and Siderophore Biosynthesis in Pseudomonads

Pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylate) (PDTC), produced by certain pseudomonads, is a sulfur-containing siderophore that binds iron, as well as a wide range of transition metals, and it affects the net hydrolysis of the environmental contaminant carbon tetrachloride. The pathway of PDTC biosynthesis has not been defined. Here, we performed a transposon screen of Pseudomonas putida DSM 3601 to identify genes necessary for PDTC production (Pdt phenotype). Transposon insertions within genes for sulfate assimilation (cysD, cysNC, and cysG [cobA2]) dominated the collection of Pdt mutations. In addition, two insertions were within the gene for the LysR-type transcriptional activator FinR (PP1637). Phenotypic characterization indicated that finR mutants were cysteine bradytrophs. The Pdt phenotype of finR mutants could be complemented by the known target of FinR regulation, fprA (encoding ferredoxin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase), or by Escherichia coli cysJI (encoding sulfite reductase). These data indicate that fprA is necessary for effective sulfate assimilation by P. putida and that the effect of finR mutation on PDTC production was due to deficient expression of fprA and sulfite reduction. fprA expression in both P. putida and P. aeruginosa was found to be regulated by FinR, but in a manner dependent upon reduced sulfur sources, implicating FinR in sulfur regulatory physiology. The genes and phenotypes identified in this study indicated a strong dependence upon intracellular reduced sulfur/cysteine for PDTC biosynthesis and that pseudomonads utilize sulfite reduction enzymology distinct from that of E. coli and possibly similar to that of chloroplasts and other proteobacteria.
The Influence of Chemical Structure on the Strength of Rubber

The detailed chemical structure of the polymer molecule has surprisingly little effect upon many of the important physical properties of crosslinked elastomers. For example, the elastic modulus, extensibility, tensile strength and tear strength are all much the same for many common elastomers. However, the strength of elastomers under some conditions is strikingly different. Two particular modes of fracture are considered here: tearing, and abrasive wear. Certain elastomers crystallize rapidly on stretching and become self-reinforcing, so that their tear strength is greatly enhanced. Factors that govern the speed of strain-induced crystallization are reviewed. In abrasive wear, the macroradicals generated by molecular rupture are highly reactive and their reactions affect both the nature and the extent of wear. The wear processes that occur in various reinforced elastomers are described and compared.
Expression of the simian varicella virus glycoprotein E

Simian varicella virus (SVV) is closely related to human varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and induces a varicella-like disease in nonhuman primates. The SVV genome encodes a glycoprotein E (gE) which is homologous to the gE of VZV and other alphaherpesviruses. The SVV gE was expressed in Escherichia coli and rabbits were immunized with the recombinant gE fusion proteins to generate polyclonal gE antiserum. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that the SVV gE is expressed on the surface and within SVV-infected cells. The gE is also expressed on SVV virions as indicated by serum neutralization assay. The mature SVV gE is glycosylated and is similar in size ( approximately 100 kd) to the mature VZV gE. Immunohistochemical analysis detected gE within skin vesicles and lung tissue of SVV-infected monkeys. Analysis of the humoral immune response to gE in an SVV-infected monkey determined that anti-gE antibody is induced as early as day 9 postinfection and persists at high titer for longer than 4 months. The simian varicella model offers an opportunity to investigate the role of gE in viral pathogenesis and immunity and to evaluate its potential as a varicella vaccine.
RATER AGREEMENT ON THE REINFORCEMENT AND FEAR SURVEY SCHEDULES

A Reinforcement Survey Schedule has been constructed by Cautela and Kastenbaum (1967) in which, by self-report, a person rates stimuli and events as to their personal reinforcing value. The listing of "high-probability" behaviors (Premack, 1959) is also included. Also, Wolpe and Lang (1964) have developed a Fear Survey Schedule to identify fear-producing stimuli. Such selireport data should represent classes of stimuli which could be used to modify behavior, perhaps using the techniques of Wolpe ( 1958), the Emotive-Imagery technique of Lazarus and Abramovitz ( 1962 ) , the Covert Sensitization procedure of Cautela ( 1967; see also Hornme, 1965 ), and the individualization of
Can Computer-Based Visual-Spatial Aids Lead to Increased Student Performance in Anatomy & Physiology?.

I nterActive Physiology (IAP, ? 1995 A.D.A.M. Software, Inc.) is one of a new generation of anatomy and physiology learning aids with a broader range of sensory inputs than is possible from a static textbook or moderately dynamic lecture. IAP is CD-ROM and Web based and has increased in popularity since its introduction (it is currently bundled with several major anatomy and physiology textbooks, e.g. Marieb's 2004 (6th) Edition of Anatomy and Physiology and Martini's 2004 (6th) Edition of Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology). This best-selling software has modules covering the muscular, respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, and nervous systems plus a module on fluids and electrolytes. Each module begins with a review of the pertinent anatomy, then illustrates the related physiology using animations, self-quizzes, on-screen glossaries and a "virtual professor." Perhaps the most appealing aspect of this generation of software is that it often targets dynamic and visually-spatially complex concepts in an interactive framework. For example, in IAP the cardiac cycle is presented as a continuously-playing animation of a heartbeat very unlike static textbook representations. Students can slow, stop, reverse, and replay the video and access background information via hypertext to obtain a full visualization of this complex process. Thus portions of the software may be better than lectures limited to semi-static visual aids and (with larger class sizes) modest levels of interaction. Further, the interactive environment provides immediate feedback, allows for repetition at will, and generally puts the student in control of the direction and pace of learning.
The Extended (Evolutionary) Synthesis Debate: Where Science Meets Philosophy

Recent debates between proponents of the modern evolutionary synthesis (the standard model in evolutionary biology) and those of a possible extended synthesis are a good example of the fascinating tangle among empirical, theoretical, and conceptual or philosophical matters that is the practice of evolutionary biology. In this essay, we briefly discuss two case studies from this debate, highlighting the relevance of philosophical thinking to evolutionary biologists in the hope of spurring further constructive cross-pollination between the two fields.
New classification efforts in epilepsy: Opportunities for clinical neurosciences.

Abstract Classification is truly a scientific endeavor. In recent years, the use of the term in clinical epilepsy has diverged from the purpose of the intellectual process of classification in the sciences. As genetics and molecular biology come into their own, scientific classification may finally come to epilepsy and begin to shed light on the many aspects of brain disorders that are characterized by seizures but which are truly multifaceted disorders and deserve more comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches than they have received previously. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “The new approach to classification: Rethinking cognition and behavior in epilepsy”.
Atmospheric chemistry of dichlorvos.

Dichlorvos [2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, (CH3O)2P(O)OCH═CCl2] is a relatively volatile in-use insecticide. Rate constants for its reaction with OH radicals have been measured over the temperature range 296−348 K and atmospheric pressure of air using a relative rate method. The rate expression obtained was 3.53 × 10−13 e(1367±239)/T cm3 molecule−1 s−1, with a 298 K rate constant of (3.5 ± 0.7) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, where the error in the 298 K rate constant is the estimated overall uncertainty. In addition, rate constants for the reactions of NO3 radicals and O3 with dichlorvos, of (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and (1.7 ± 1.0) × 10−19 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively, were measured at 296 ± 2 K. Products of the OH and NO3 radical-initiated reactions were investigated using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and (OH radical reaction only) in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the OH radical reaction, the major initial products we...
A feasibility study of dynamic adaptive radiotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The final state of the tumor at the end of a radiotherapy course is dependent on the doses given in each fraction during the treatment course. This study investigates the feasibility of using dynamic adaptive radiotherapy (DART) in treatinglungcancers assuming CBCT is available to observe midtreatment tumor states. DART adapts treatment plans using a dynamic programming technique to consider the expected changes of the tumor in the optimization process. Methods: DART is constructed using a stochastic control formalism framework. It minimizes the total expected number of tumor cells at the end of a treatment course, which is equivalent to maximizing tumor control probability, subject to the uncertainty inherent in the tumor response. This formulation allows for nonstationary dose distributions as well as nonstationary fractional doses as needed to achieve a series of optimal plans that are conformal to the tumor over time, i.e., spatiotemporally optimal plans. Sixteen phantom cases with various sizes and locations of tumors and organs-at-risk (OAR) were generated using in-house software. Each case was planned with DART and conventional IMRT prescribing 60 Gy in 30 fractions. The observations of the change in the tumor volume over a treatment course were simulated using a two-level cell population model. Monte Carlo simulations of the treatment course for each case were run to account for uncertainty in the tumor response. The same OAR dose constraints were applied for both methods. The frequency of replanning was varied between 1, 2, 5 (weekly), and 29 times (daily). The final average tumordose and OAR doses have been compared to quantify the potential dosimetric benefits of DART. Results: The average tumor max, min, mean, and D95 doses using DART relative to these using conventional IMRT were 124.0%–125.2%, 102.1%–114.7%, 113.7%–123.4%, and 102.0%–115.9% (range dependent on the frequency of replanning). The average relative maximum doses for the cord and esophagus, mean doses for the heart and lungs, and D05 for the unspecified tissue resulting 84%–102.4%, 99.8%–106.9%, 66.9%–85.6%, 58.2%–78.8%, and 85.2%–94.0%, respectively. Conclusions: It is feasible to apply DART to the treatment of NSCLC using CBCT to observe the midtreatment tumor state. Potential increases in the tumordose and reductions in the OAR dose, particularly for parallel OARs with mean or dose–volume constraints, could be achieved using DART compared to nonadaptive IMRT.
Imaging Photoreceptor Structure in Retinal Disease

The use of adaptive optics and optical coherence tomography for studying retinal disease is increasing. Here we provide an update on the complementary and contrasting information regarding photoreceptor health provided by these two imaging modalities.
An Improved Combining Collaboration Filtering Algorithm

This paper improved on computing neighbor users for active users,which was the crucial step of traditional collaboration filtering algorithm.It proposed a collaboration filtering algorithm combining concept hierarchy and users′ partial similarity so that it could still work on the sparse but partial dense user matrix.This algorithm was applied in EatMe dish recommendation system based on iPhone,and the experimental results showed that the improved algorithm can provide better recall than traditional collaboration filtering algorithm.
Fault Analysis on 330 kV Main Transformer On-load Tap Changer by Test Technique for Oil Products

330 kV main transformer is the main facility for power-supplying in substation.In the light of the B phase fault of 330 kV main transformer on-load tap changer,oil quality test and fault analysis are carried out from four aspects of the oil quality in 3- phase,particle contamination electric strength of oil products and chromatographic analysis for the dissolved gas in oil.Based on which the causes of switch tripping on three sides of the main transformer are found out and improvement suggestions are made.
Application of mobile sampling to investigate spatial variation in fine particle composition

Abstract Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a major contributor to air pollution related deaths. Evidence indicates that metals play an important role in harming human health due to their redox potential. We conducted a mobile sampling campaign in 2013 summer and winter in Pittsburgh, PA to characterize spatial variation in PM 2.5 mass and composition. Thirty-six sites were chosen based on three stratification variables: traffic density, proximity to point sources, and elevation. We collected filters in three time sessions (morning, afternoon, and overnight) in each season. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to analyze concentrations of 26 elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sb, and Pb. Trace elements had a broad range of concentrations from 0 to 300 ng/m 3 . Comparison of data from mobile sampling filters with stationary monitors suggested that the mobile sampling strategy did not lead to a biased dataset. We developed Land Use Regression (LUR) models to describe spatial variation of PM 2.5 , Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Zn. Using ArcGIS-10.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA), we extracted different independent variables related to traffic influence, land-use type, and facility emissions based on the National Emission Inventory (NEI). To validate LUR models, we used regression diagnostics such as leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV), mean studentized prediction residual (MSPR), and root mean square of studentized residuals (RMS). The number of predictors in final LUR models ranged from 1 to 6. Models had an average R 2 of 0.57 (SD = 0.16). Traffic related variables explained the most variability with an average R 2 contribution of 0.20 (SD = 0.20). Overall, these results demonstrated significant intra-urban spatial variability of fine particle composition.
Ethnic conflicts and riots in Italy: The case of Rome, 2014:

In this article I present an overview of Italian experiences of social unrest and riots, with a focus on the wave of protests and ethnic conflicts that occurred in some areas on the outskirts of Ro...
Attachment and Conflict in Adult Relationships

Adult attachment styles are relational schemas (or templates), derived from early childhood experiences, which color expectations, perceptions, and behavior in close relationships. The extent to which individuals experience anxiety about or avoidance of intimacy can impact how they perceive and respond to relationship conflict, which can powerfully predict relationship satisfaction and longevity. Both attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with problematic conflict resolution strategies but in different ways and to different degrees. Whereas anxious adults may perceive benign or ambiguous behaviors as threatening, engage in more aggressive partner blaming, and experience lower levels of empathy, avoidant adults may withdraw from conflict, inhibiting open communication and compromise. Gender also emerges as a moderator between attachment style and conflict dynamics, although the patterns are not consistent across studies. New research areas focus on physiological underpinnings of attachment, and the role that new media (e.g., Facebook) plays in reproducing or exacerbating attachment dynamics. Keywords: anxiety; cognitive processes; conflict; relational communication
Congenital Facial Palsy

The association between permanent congenital facial palsy in 61 children and recognized risk factors for traumatic birth was investigated in a retrospective case control study at the Departments of Plastic Surgery, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
Cellular and Matrix Response of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage to Botulinum Toxin.

Objectives To evaluate the cellular and matrix effects of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) on mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone.
Growth kinetics and scale-up of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Production of recombinant proteins in plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression is a promising method of producing human therapeutic proteins, vaccines, and commercial enzymes. This process has been shown to be viable at a large scale and involves growing large quantities of wild-type plants and infiltrating the leaf tissue with a suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bearing the genes of interest. This study examined one of the steps in this process that had not yet been optimized: the scale-up of Agrobacterium production to sufficient volumes for large-scale plant infiltration. Production of Agrobacterium strain C58C1 pTFS40 was scaled up from shake flasks (50-100 mL) to benchtop (5 L) scale with three types of media: Lysogeny broth (LB), yeast extract peptone (YEP) media, and a sucrose-based defined media. The maximum specific growth rate (μ max) of the strain in the three types of media was 0.46 ± 0.04 h-1 in LB media, 0.43 ± 0.03 h-1 in YEP media, and 0.27 ± 0.01 h-1 in defined media. The maximum biomass concentration reached at this scale was 2.0 ± 0.1, 2.8 ± 0.1, and 2.6 ± 0.1 g dry cell weight (DCW)/L for the three media types. Production was successfully scaled up to a 100-L working volume reactor with YEP media, using k L a as the scale-up parameter.
Diagnostic Yield of EEG Studies Ordered for Syncope by Non-Neurologists vs. Neurologists at a University Medical Center (P02.240)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the difference in the diagnostic yield of an EEG ordered by a non-neurologist compared to a neurologist in patients presenting with syncope. BACKGROUND: In evaluating a patient with loss of consciousness (LOC) and tone, the 2007 American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policy on Syncope lists history, physical, and ECG as their recommendations. Symptoms prior to LOC in syncope may be similar to seizure, and if the history includes post-event confusion, an EEG may be warranted. However, frequently ordered EEGs regardless of history suggesting syncope, possibly lead to inappropriate utilization of hospital resources. DESIGN/METHODS: Subjects were identified through a search of “syncope” in ER and inpatient routine EEG reports done 1/2011 to 6/2012. Data collected included age and gender, EEG results, and ordering physician. Charts were reviewed to confirm history. RESULTS: EEG reports of 177 patients were identified. Average age 58 years, range 3-92 years, 107 males, 70 females. One-hundred-nineteen(67%) EEGs were normal, 58(33%) abnormal. Slowing was seen in 45/58(78%) of abnormal EEGs, 1 breach, 1 FIRDA. Only 11/177(6%) showed epileptiform discharges (3 generalized spike-wave, 2 right temporal sharp-waves, 2 left temporal sharp-waves, 1 right frontal sharp-waves, 1 PLEDS, 1 notched-slowing, and 1 with subclinical-seizures). Neurologists ordered 45/177(25%) of EEGs, 132/177(75%) ordered by non-neurologists. Of the neurologist-ordered EEGs, 8/45(18%) showed epileptiform activity, 3/132(2%) EEGs ordered by non-neurologists were epileptiform. CONCLUSIONS: Our data agrees, EEG is not very useful for evaluating syncope because of its low diagnostic yield. However, our study revealed that EEGs ordered by neurologists have a higher likelihood of showing epileptiform discharges. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of neurologists in ordering EEGs for patients with syncope, to minimize inappropriate utilization of hospital resources. Disclosure: Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coyle has received personal compensation for activities with Acorda Therapeutics, Bayer, Biogen Idec, Genentech, Inc., Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Questcor, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Coyle has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for NEURA. Dr. Coyle has received research support fromActelion, EMD Serono, and Novartis. Dr. Miller-Horn has nothing to disclose.
A certifying algorithm for lattice point feasibility in a system of UTVPI constraints

This paper is concerned with the design and analysis of a certifying algorithm for checking the lattice point feasibility of a class of constraints called unit two variable per inequality (UTVPI) constraints. A UTVPI constraint has at most two non-zero variables and the coefficients of the non-zero variables belong to the set $$\{+\,1,\ -\,1\}$${+1,-1}. These constraints occur in a number of application domains, including but not limited to program verification, abstract interpretation, and operations research. As per the literature, the fastest known model generating algorithm for checking lattice point feasibility in UTVPI constraint systems runs in $$O(m \cdot n+n^{2} \cdot \log n)$$O(m·n+n2·logn) time and $$O(n^{2})$$O(n2) space, where m represents the number of constraints and n represents the number of variables in the constraint system (Lahiri and Musuvathi, in: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on the frontiers of combining systems (FroCos), lecture notes in computer science, vol 3717, pp 168---183, 2005). In this paper, we design and analyze a new algorithm for checking the lattice point feasibility of UTVPI constraints. The presented algorithm runs in $$O(m \cdot n)$$O(m·n) time and $$O(m+n)$$O(m+n) space. Additionally it is certifying in that it produces a satisfying assignment in the event that it is presented with feasible instances and refutations in the event that it is presented with infeasible instances. The importance of providing certificates cannot be overemphasized, especially in mission-critical applications. Our approaches for the lattice point feasibility problem in UTVPI constraint systems is fundamentally different from existing approaches for this problem; indeed, it is based on new insights into combining well-known inference rules for these systems.
Clarification of surface modes of a periodic nanopatch metasurface.

We study the angle-dependent optical reflectance spectrum of a metasurface consisting of a periodic array of film-coupled plasmonic nanopatch particles. The nanopatch metasurface exhibits a strong, angle-independent absorption resonance at a wavelength defined by the nanopatch geometry and relative density. When the nanopatches are arranged in a regular lattice, a second, sharp absorption dip is present that varies strongly as a function of the incidence angle. This second resonance is a collective effect involving the excitation of surface plasmon modes and relates to a Wood’s anomaly. Using an analytical model, we compute the surface modes of the structure and confirm details about the various mechanisms that contribute to the reflection spectra. The measured reflectance spectra are in excellent agreement with both analytical calculations and full-wave numerical simulations.
Applications of the VOLA format for 3D data knowledge discovery

VOLA is a compact data structure that unifies computer vision and 3D rendering and allows for the rapid calculation of connected components, per-voxel census/accounting, CNN inference, path planning and obstacle avoidance. Using a hierarchical bit array format allows it to run efficiently on embedded systems and maximize the level of data compression. The proposed format allows massive scale volumetric data to be used in embedded applications where it would be inconceivable to utilize point-clouds due to memory constraints. Furthermore, geographical and qualitative data is embedded in the file structure to allow it to be used in place of standard point cloud formats. This work examines the reduction in file size when encoding 3D data using the VOLA format and finds that it is an order of magnitude smaller than the current binary standard for point cloud data.
Forecasting Events in the Complex Dynamics of a Semiconductor Laser with Optical Feedback

Complex systems performing spiking dynamics are widespread in Nature. They cover from earthquakes, to neurons, variable stars, social networks, or stock markets. Understanding and characterizing their dynamics is relevant in order to detect transitions, or to predict unwanted extreme events. Here we study, under an ordinal patterns analysis, the output intensity of a semiconductor laser with feedback in a regime where it develops a complex spiking behavior. We unveil that, in the transitions towards and from the spiking regime, the complex dynamics presents two competing behaviors that can be distinguished with a thresholding method. Then we use time and intensity correlations to forecast different types of events, and transitions in the dynamics of the system.
A Sensitivity Analysis Approach for MCDM Methods

There is considerable research on sensitivity analysis for some operations research and management science models such as linear programming, inventory models, and investment analysis (e.g., [Wendel, 1992] and [Triantaphyllou, 1992]). However, research on sensitivity analysis for deterministic MCDM models is rather limited. A brief overview of the related literature can be found in [Triantaphyllou and Sanchez, 1997]).
Parental job experiences and children's well-being : The case of two-parent and single-mother working-class families

The aim of this study is to examine how two types of working-class families, two-parent and single-mother, serve as distinct contexts within which the connections between parental employment and child well-being may differ. Data from 50 dual-earner families and 52 employed single-mother families were obtained through in-home interviews. Parents provided assessments of their work experiences and ratings of their psychological well-being, and their school-age children completed questionnaires concerning their psychological well-being. In dual-earner families, results revealed that fathers' positive work experiences were related to daughters' positive evaluations of their internalized well-being. For dual-earner mothers, however, more positive work environments were related to daughters' reports of lower well-being. Finally, single mothers' more positive evaluations of their work environments were linked to sons' reports of greater restraint of aggressive tendencies. Further analyses that attempted to examine the role of parental well-being as a mediator of the relationship between job and child well-being yielded few results. The importance of examining work-family processes as they vary by social context and characteristics of the person is discussed.
Spatial variability in climate, phenology, and fruit composition across a reference vineyard network in Southern Oregon

This paper provides a summary of observational data from a reference vineyard network in the Southern Oregon American Viticultural Area (AVA). The network was established to collect baseline data on spatial variations in temperature, grapevine phenology, and composition characteristics across a collection of varieties grown in the region. The results from the period 2003 through 2017 show a wide diversity of climate types for winegrape production ranging from relatively cool to relatively warm conditions (GST 14.8 to 17.5°C and GDD 1109 to 1657). One unique climate aspect is that the region experiences higher diurnal temperature ranges during the growing season than regions in Europe and many others in the western US. Grapevine phenological timing and intervals between events are similar to other wine regions with budbreak averaging 14-Apr, flowering 14-Jun, veraison 19-Aug. However, harvest dates are up to ten days to two weeks later than many regions in Europe. Ripening period and harvest composition observations reveal the diversity of potential varieties that the region can ripen. Over all varieties, sites and vintages observed harvest composition averages 23.7 °Brix, 6.4 g/L total acidity, a pH of 3.44, and yields of 2.7 tons/acre.
Getting the Most out of Student Project Teams: Student-Centered Learning Strategies

(1997). Getting the Most out of Student Project Teams: Student-Centered Learning Strategies. Journal of Public Administration Education: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 253-258.
Target self-relevance speeds visual search responses but does not improve search efficiency

In a variety of contexts, arbitrarily associating one’s self with a stimulus improves performance relative to stimuli that are not self-associated, implying enhanced processing of self-associated s...
Resident and program characteristics that impact performance on the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP).

To determine which resident and program characteristics correlate with ophthalmic knowledge, as assessed by resident Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) performance. An online survey was sent in June 2017 to all US ophthalmology residents who took the OKAP in April 2017. The survey response rate was 13.8% (192/1387 residents). The mean respondent age was 30.4 years, and 57.3% were male. The mean [SD] self-reported 2017 OKAP percentile was 61.9 [26.7]. OKAP performance was found to have a significant positive correlation with greater number of hours spent/week studying for the OKAPs (p = 0.007), with use of online question banks (p < 0.001), with review sessions and/or lectures arranged by residency programs (p < 0.001), and with OKAP-specific didactics (p = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, factors most predictive of residents scoring ≥75th percentile were, higher step 1 scores (OR = 2.48, [95% CI: 1.68–3.64, p < 0.001]), presence of incentives (OR = 2.75, [95% CI: 1.16–6.56, p = 0.022]), greater number of hours/week spent studying (OR = 1.09, [95% CI:1.01–1.17, p = 0.026]) and fewer hours spent in research 3 months prior to examination (OR = 1.08, [95% CI: 1.01–1.15, p = 0.020]. Lastly, residents less likely to depend on group study sessions as a learning method tended to score higher (OR = 3.40, [95% CI: 1.16–9.94, p = 0.026]). Programs wishing to improve resident OKAP scores might consider offering incentives, providing effective access to learning content e.g. online question banks, and adjusting the curriculum to highlight OKAP material. Step 1 scores may help educators identify residents who might be at risk of not performing as well on the OKAP.
Technology Is Not the Great Equalizer: A Feminist Perspective on the Digital Economy

This article looks beyond the hype around the digital economy’s potential to create gender justice by busting the myths and illustrating the facts, as well as proposing holistic solutions. It is mainly an adaptation of the webinar ‘Does the digital economy promote women’s rights? Unpacking the Myths!’. In its essence, it is a call for action to create and shape technology that breaks with traditional gender biases, creating digital justice and opportunities for the many not the few in a world that is increasingly restructured and unequal.
Memory in Nonmonotonic Stress Relaxation of a Granular System

We demonstrate experimentally that a granular packing of glass spheres is capable of storing memory of multiple strain states in the dynamic process of stress relaxation. Modeling the system as a noninteracting population of relaxing elements, we find that the functional form of the predicted relaxation requires a quantitative correction which grows in severity with each additional memory and is suggestive of interactions between elements. Our findings have implications for the broad class of soft matter systems that display memory and anomalous relaxation.