cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental approaches for evaluating the invasion risk of biofuel crops

There is growing concern that non-native plants cultivated for bioenergy production might escape and result in harmful invasions in natural areas. Literature-derived assessment tools used to evaluate invasion risk are beneficial for screening, but cannot be used to assess novel cultivars or genotypes. Experimental approaches are needed to help quantify invasion risk but protocols for such tools are lacking. We review current methods for evaluating invasion risk and make recommendations for incremental tests from small-scale experiments to widespread, controlled introductions. First, local experiments should be performed to identify conditions that are favorable for germination, survival, and growth of candidate biofuel crops. Subsequently, experimental introductions in semi-natural areas can be used to assess factors important for establishment and performance such as disturbance, founder population size, and timing of introduction across variable habitats. Finally, to fully characterize invasion risk, experimental introductions should be conducted across the expected geographic range of cultivation over multiple years. Any field-based testing should be accompanied by safeguards and monitoring for early detection of spread. Despite the costs of conducting experimental tests of invasion risk, empirical screening will greatly improve our ability to determine if the benefits of a proposed biofuel species outweigh the projected risks of invasions.
A Ku/Ka-dual band reflectarray to emulate a cylindrical reflector for titan cloud precipitation radar and altimeter

A Ku/Ka dual-band reflectarray has been developed as a demonstration model for the next generation of Titan cloud precipitation radar and altimeter (TCPRA). The reflectarray developed is a substitute of a parabolic cylindrical reflector and it is offset-fed by two linear arrays. The antenna has a 50-cm-square aperture and uses two 2-mil thick membranes for both bands enabling transformation into a future larger deployable structure. To show the scanning capability in the cross-track plane, the antenna utilizes the phased array feeds with one for broadside beam and the other for 20deg tilted beam along the focal line. Measurement results performed in the indoor anechoic chamber at Texas A&M University will be presented in this paper.
Pregnancy after liver transplantation

Although the transplant community has begun to gather experience in pregnancy after liver transplant, much remains to be learned about the effects of pregnancy on mother and child. Most women with end stage liver disease have amenorrhea or are unable to conceive due to medical complications. Liver transplantation offers such patients the opportunity to have children. Since libido and fertility can return fairly rapidly, it is important to discuss birth control in the early post transplant period. It is recommended that pregnancy be delayed for 1 and preferably 2 years post-transplant as pregnancies within the first year are associated with higher rates of premature birth and cellular rejection. The current evidence suggests that pregnancy is safe after transplant, however it requires close follow-up by a team of experienced physicians.
PyModel: Model-based testing in Python

With model program and test harness in hand, developers or testers can use the tools of the model-based testing framework in various activities: Before generating tests from a model, it is helpful to use an analyzer to validate the model program, visualize its behaviors, and (optionally) perform safety and liveness analyses. An offline test generator generates test cases and expected test results from the model program, which can later be executed and checked by a test runner connected to the implementation through the test harness. This is a similar workflow to unit testing, except the test cases and expected results are generated automatically. In contrast, onthe-fly testing is quite different: the test runner generates the test case from the model as the test run is executing. On-thefly testing can execute indefinitely long nonrepeating test runs, and can accommodate nondeterminism in the implementation or its environment. To focus automated test generation on scenarios of interest, it is possible to code an optional scenario machine, a lightweight model that describes a particular scenario. The tools can combine this with the comprehensive contract model program using an operation called composition. It is also possible to code an optional strategy in order to improve test coverage according to some chosen measure. Some useful strategies are already provided. Model-based testing supports close integration of design and analysis with testing. The analyzer is similar to a model checker; it can can check safety, liveness, and temporal properties. And, the same models are used for these analyses as for automated testing. Moreover, the models are written in the same language as the implementation.
The Paw Project: Animals and Critical Education in the Public Sphere

The practice of cat declawing is intertwined with how both veterinarians and the public are educated and socialized to make sense of animals and the relationship between humans and animals. In this article, I review the history of the veterinary profession, its intrinsic “hidden curriculum,” and how it has intersected with three different ways of valuing animals through the lenses of animal health, animal welfare and animal rights. In recent years, successful critical public education efforts are changing the way that people think about animals and their use (and abuse) for human ends. I describe the history of cat declawing and how The Paw Project is reshaping the public conversation around this controversial practice. In conclusion, I examine how The Paw Project can be understood as an important critical education project in the public sphere.
Noise Levels in Patient Rooms and at Nursing Stations at Three VA Medical Centers.

Objectives:To conduct an assessment of sound, dB(A) levels, in two areas of the hospital: patient rooms and nurse stations using sound meters (SMs).Background:The World Health Organization (WHO) re...
Visible light and near-infrared-responsive chromophores for drug delivery-on-demand applications

The need for temporal-spatial control over the release of biologically active molecules has motivated efforts to engineer novel drug delivery-on-demand strategies actuated via light irradiation. Many systems, however, have been limited to in vitro proof-of-concept due to biocompatibility issues with the photo-responsive moieties or the light wavelength, intensity, and duration. To overcome these limitations, this paper describes a light actuated drug delivery-on-demand strategy that uses visible and near-infrared (NIR) light and biocompatible chromophores: cardiogreen, methylene blue, and riboflavin. All three chromophores are capable of significant photothermal reaction upon exposure to NIR and visible light, and the amount of temperature change is dependent upon light intensity, wavelength as well as chromophore concentration. Pulsatile release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from thermally responsive hydrogels was achieved over 4 days. These findings have the potential to translate light-actuated drug delivery-on-demand systems from the bench to clinical applications that require explicit control over the presentation of biologically active molecules.
Distributed and cheat-proof spectrum contention scheme for IEEE 802.22 WRAN networks

IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRANs) are cognitive radio-based wireless networks that opportunistically access sub-900 MHz TV bands for their operations. IEEE 802.22 WRANs are continuously faced with self-coexistence problems. The adaptive on-demand spectrum contention (ODSC) protocol has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of self-coexistence in such networks. Unfortunately, the design of ODSC protocol contains some major flaws, which makes the scheme cheat-prone and less efficient for resolution of spectrum contentions among networks. In this paper, we highlight the main problems associated with the implementation of ODSC as a spectrum contention protocol. We propose a scalable and cheat-proof scheme for spectrum contention that guarantees fairness and system efficiency. We show the performance of proposed scheme with different network topologies. Simulation results show substantial improvement in system performance via channel reuse, with significant levels of fairness in spectrum utilization.
Understanding Drug Addiction: Implications for Treatment

The addicted brain is qualitatively different from the nonaddicted brain, in ways that include glucose use, gene expression, and responsiveness to environmental cues. Such discoveries place researchers in the early but hopeful stages of translating fundamental findings into new treatments that address the neurobiologic basis of drug craving--even for cocaine, against which there are currently no pharmacologic interventions.
Top Articles in Pediatric Hospital Medicine

This year was an extraordinary year to review the literature for the top articles in hospital medicine. We were given the somewhat daunting task of compiling the articles and presenting the results at the annual Pediatric Hospital Medicine conference in July 2012. As we embarked on this task before us, we first had to decide how to choose the articles. We did what pediatric hospitalists do when they have a question: we asked the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine Listserv. As our faithful Listserv participants always do, you provided us with great suggestions for some of the best articles. Our strategy to find additional articles was twofold. We depended on Mark Shen’s vast subscription list (journals, electronic Table of Contents, and other electronic update services). The other half of our strategy was simple but even more involved: reviewing all articles published by Samir Shah over the past 12 months. We chose articles from a variety of journals over a 12-month period (July 2011–July 2012). Although we were expected to present 10 articles, we actually reviewed 30 articles and highlighted these at the “Top 10 Articles of the Year in Pediatric Hospital Medicine” session at the annual conference. Once again, pediatric hospitalists from far and wide gathered together for lunch and to hear our thoughts on the year’s best articles. We imparted our review of the best literature related to pediatric hospital medicine and threw in some articles from other scientific arenas along with some multimedia to round out the presentation. Our review is meant to provide you with our interpretation of the literature and offer you the relevant bottom line from the articles. This is not journal club. We will not discuss or debate the validity of using a Bonferroni correction or the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous …
The physiology of symptoms. II. Regulation of food intake.

In normal animals and human beings the intake of food is precisely regulated to the level of energy expenditure, thus keeping body stores constant. The mechanisms by which this regulation is accomplished include oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, blood chemical, tissue metabolic, and other factors. The ultimate integration of the information received from these various sites is accomplished by the central nervous system. Although many parts of the central nervous system participate, several areas in the hypothalamus have been identified which exert profound inhibitory or facilitatory influences on feeding reflexes.
Early management of trauma patient. Priority of care.

Preventable death or disability in the trauma patient is often attributable to lack of proper management at the scene of an accident, during transportation to a hospital, or in the hospital emergency room itself. A discussion of priorities in approaching the care of the trauma victim emphasizes the need to train and provide adequate personnel, equipment and transportation facilities for on-the-scene management, and to provide treatment centers properly equipped in terms of specialty staff, operating room crew, blood bank and other adjuncts necessary for the emergency care of patients with major and multiple injuries.
Primary tumors of the exocrine pancreas. Classification, overview, and recent contributions by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.

Histologic classification and subtyping of primary tumors of the exocrine pancreas have great prognostic value, although most tumors--such as duct cell adenocarcinomas--are consistently high grade with respect to biologic behavior. The mortality rate for these tumors is nearly equal to the incidence rate, and prognosis does not appear to be significantly influenced by histologic grade of the primary tumor. Other tumors, such as solid and papillary epithelial neoplasms, have intermediate to low malignant potential, while microcystic adenomas have proved to be essentially benign. Recent application of immunohistochemistry, along with electron microscopy, has helped to elucidate the histogenesis of some tumor subtypes. An intestinal phenotype has been demonstrated for mucinous cystic neoplasms with goblet cells, Paneth cells, and a variety of endocrine cells. Divergent tumor differentiation has been seen in a rare group of mixed tumors with variable composition of duct, acinar, or endocrine cells. Some infantile pancreatic tumors, known as pancreatoblastomas, may also show mixed-cell composition. Immunohistologic studies of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasms have not yet identified a consistent or reliable phenotype or marker, and ultrastructural studies have reached disparate conclusions regarding histogenesis. The rarity of other tumors--e.g., those with osteoclasttype giant cells--has hampered complete characterization.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation enhances total but not antigen-specific IgA secretion in Leishmania major-infected mice (MUC9P.748)

Secretory IgA plays a critical role in neutralizing enteric toxins and protecting against some mucosal pathogens. In mice, activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to transiently decrease total fecal IgA levels but increase antigen-specific IgA levels after mucosal antigen challenge. The goal of this study was to determine if TCDD exposure would alter secretion of antigen-specific IgA levels after systemic pathogen challenge. Female C57Bl/6 mice were administered TCDD at 0 or 40 μg/Kg (po) one day prior to infection with Leishmania major promastigotes. Three weeks later, IgA levels were measured by ELISA. L. major -specific IgA levels in serum were readily detected but unchanged by TCDD treatment. L. major -specific lgA was undetected in the feces of any animal. In contrast, total fecal IgA levels (OD) were significantly increased by 34% in TCDD treated animals ( p < 0.05). Total spleen and bone marrow cell numbers were reduced significantly in TCDD-treated mice. The expression of IgM heavy chain, IgJ chain, or kappa light chain in these cells (measured by RT-RT-PCR) was unchanged by TCDD treatment. In contrast, the expression of IgA heavy chain was significantly reduced by approximately 50% in TCDD-treated animals. These results suggest that AhR activation enhances bulk IgA secretion but does not enhance secretion of antigen-specific IgA following systemic pathogen challenge.
Subverting Campbell’s Materialist Conclusion

Keith Campbell and Jonathan Schaffer propose an ontology in which entities consist in collocated collections of tropes, and tropes are individuated by location. This would imply that immaterial entities are not possible. In this paper, I attempt to subvert this materialist conclusion by giving two arguments against the key individuation principle it requires. I show that the locational individuation principle can be formulated so as to survive the first, but not the second argument.
The Norm of Environmental Integrity in Post-Conflict Legal Regimes

Discussion of post-conflict legal regimes — jus post bellum — increasingly includes measures for the protection and rehabilitation of the environment as well as international humanitarian law, human rights, and international criminal law. This chapter asks whether an environmental integrity norm may provide support for a theory of jus post bellum, and how jus post bellum theory advances environmental integrity. It concludes that the investigation of these two questions is itself a useful framing tool to understand, and perhaps to improve, the layers of normative expectations, law and practice that guide belligerents and civilians in their interactions with the environment during armed conflict. Jus post bellum theories that prioritize peacebuilding over retribution appear to accord best with environmental integrity, in terms of explanatory power and consonance with goals. The practices of legal bodies and armed forces described here show how this approach has led to implementation of environmental protection and restoration, not mere words deploring environmental destruction.
A note on using ratio variables in regression analysis

This paper revisits the problem of choosing ratio variables in regression analysis in Musumeci and Peterson (2011). In the application we examined, linear regressions with the ratio variable, its reciprocal or logarithm have been rejected. To avoid model misspecifications, we suggest to use nonlinear regressions on ratio variables. Our empirical evidence shows that a semiparametric partially linear model could be a robust solution. In particular, the logarithm of the ratio variable performs slightly better than the ratio variable and its reciprocal.
The importance of research by cross-national teams

This first issue of the International Journal of Advertising (IJA) for 2017 is composed of articles that were selected as being among the best papers at the European Academy of Advertising's (EAA) ...
Employment Contracts and Further Legal Sources

Employment relationships and labour relations in Germany are governed by a complex system of different legal sources. Relevant regulations are provided by: EU law; German national constitutional law (Grundgesetz, GG) and statutory law; collective bargaining agreements; works agreements; individual employment contracts; general terms and conditions of employment; employers’ collective grants and employers’ directives; operational practices; the equal treatment principle; and, to a large extent, by labour court decisions.
Smokers who have children with asthma: Perceptions about child secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use initiation and parental willingness to participate in child-focused tobacco interventions

ABSTRACTObjective: This study examined, among parents who smoke and have children with asthma, perceptions about child secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), child tobacco use (TU) initiation, and parent willingness to participate in child-focused tobacco interventions. Methods: Participants were 300 caregivers who smoked and had a child with asthma (aged 10–14). Parents completed an online survey and self-reported perceptions about child SHSe elimination, child TU prevention, and willingness to participate in three types of interventions with and without their child (SHSe reduction intervention, tobacco prevention intervention, and the combination of the two). Correlates of perceptions and willingness were examined. Results: Parents who were ready to quit smoking and who reported home smoking bans (HSBs) were more motivated to eliminate SHSe (p < 0.05). Being white, younger, ready to quit, and having HSBs were associated with greater confidence to eliminate SHSe (p < 0.05). Parents with HSBs reported higher p...
Green routing fuel saving opportunity assessment: A case study using large-scale real-world travel data

New technologies such as connected and automated vehicles have attracted more and more research attention for their potential to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of current transportation systems. Green routing is one such connected vehicle strategy under which drivers receive information about the most fuel-efficient route before departing for a given destination. This paper introduces an evaluation framework for estimating the benefits of green routing based on large-scale, real-world travel data. The framework has the capability to quantify fuel savings by estimating the fuel consumption on alternate routes that could be taken between two locations and comparing these to the estimated fuel consumption of the actual route taken. A route-based fuel consumption estimation model that considers road traffic conditions, functional class, and grade is proposed and used in the framework. A study using a large-scale, high-resolution data set from the California Household Travel Survey indicates that 31% of actual routes have fuel savings potential, and among these routes the cumulative fuel savings could reach 12%. Alternately calculating the potential fuel savings relative to the full set of actual routes (including those that already follow the greenest route recommendation), the potential savings relative to the overall estimated fuel consumption would be 4.5%. Notably, two thirds of the fuel savings occur on green routes that save both fuel and time relative to the original actual routes. The remaining third would be subject to weighing the potential fuel savings against required increases in travel time for the recommended green route.
An Efficient Implementation of Computational Singular Perturbation

An efficient formulation of computational singular perturbation (CSP) is proposed for toy problems that consist of three variables. The essence of the new CSP formulation is to take advantage of sh...
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Previous Lumbar Fusion Surgery: Are There More Dislocations and Revisions?

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of dislocation and/or revision following THA is increased in patients with a history of prior lumbar fusion given the alterations in dynamic pelvic motion following LSF. Methods A total of 62,387 patients (5% Medicare part B claims database) were identified from 1997 to 2014 with primary THA. From this group, 1809 patients (2.9%) were stratified to identify those with prior lumbar fusion within 5 years of primary THA to compare risk of dislocation and revision with those without lumbar fusion. Multivariate cox regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, race, census, region, gender, Charlson score, preexisting conditions, and type of fusion. Results Between years 2002 and 2014, there was a 293% increase in the number of patients with prior lumbar fusion undergoing THA. Prevalence of hip dislocation in patients with lumbar fusion before THA was 7.4% compared to 4.8% without fusion, P Conclusion Results of this study demonstrate that lumbar fusion before THA is an independent risk factor for dislocation leading to increased risk of revision THA.
The Roles of Foundations and Universities in Redevelopment Planning

Laurie A. Walker, the 2017 recipient of the Ernest A. Lynton Award for the Scholarship of Engagement, is an Associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the University of Montana. Together with her co-author, Dr. Jean F. East, Professor in the Graduate School of Social Work at the University of Denver, they have raised, in this piece, an important and insightful critical lens on the implications of higher education institutions’ “engagement” with their local communities. It looks deeply into the implications of the “blind spot” identified by Baldwin (2017), which “comes largely from the assumption that higher education, while hypnotized by corporate power, is still an inherent public good, most clearly marked by its tax-exempt status for providing services that would otherwise come from the government.” They examine how campuses may be deeply involved in the local urban area and also advancing a self-interest that may not be a public interest – through gentrification, and through what Baldwin calls “noneducational investments in real estate, policing, and labor” that “can carry negative consequences for neighborhoods of color.” Walker and East are asking us to more closely examine how campuses can get so involved in the cities of which they are a part as to be a dominant force that does not advance the public good, but the good of the campus. This is a dilemma and a question that many of the CUMU member campuses have already faced or may face in the coming years, and goes to the heart of the public good of higher education in a neoliberal age. —John Saltmarsh, University of Massachusetts, Boston
Mathematical Models for Network Graphs

So far in this book, the emphasis has been almost entirely focused upon methods, to the exclusion of modeling—methods for constructing network graphs, for visualizing network graphs, and for characterizing their observed structure. For the remainder of this book, our focus will shift to the construction and use of models in the analysis of network data, beginning with this chapter, in which we turn to the topic of modeling network graphs.
STING-mediated disruption of calcium homeostasis chronically activates ER stress and primes T cell death

STING gain-of-function mutations cause lung disease and T cell cytopenia through unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that these mutants induce chronic activation of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to T cell death by apoptosis in the StingN153S/+ mouse and in human T cells. Mechanistically, STING-N154S disrupts calcium homeostasis in T cells, thus intrinsically primes T cells to become hyperresponsive to T cell receptor signaling-induced ER stress and the UPR, leading to cell death. This intrinsic priming effect is mediated through a novel region of STING that we name "the UPR motif," which is distinct from known domains required for type I IFN signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of ER stress prevented StingN153S/+ T cell death in vivo. By crossing StingN153S/+ to the OT-1 mouse, we fully restored CD8+ T cells and drastically ameliorated STING-associated lung disease. Together, our data uncover a critical IFN-independent function of STING that regulates calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and T cell survival.
Comparison of the Cardiovascular Benefits of Resistance, Aerobic, and Combined Exercise (CardioRACE): Rationale, design, and methods

Background The benefits of aerobic exercise (AE) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been well documented. Resistance exercise (RE) has been traditionally examined for its effects on bone density, physical function, or metabolic health, yet few data exist regarding the benefits of RE, independent of and combined with AE, for CVD prevention. This randomized controlled trial, “Comparison of the Cardiovascular Benefits of Resistance, Aerobic, and Combined Exercise (CardioRACE),” is designed to determine the relative benefits of RE, AE, or combined RE plus AE training on CVD risk factors. Methods Participants are 406 inactive men and women (35-70 years) with a body mass index of 25-40 kg/m2 and blood pressure (BP) of 120-139/80-89 mm Hg without taking antihypertensive medications. Participants are randomly assigned to RE only, AE only, combined RE and AE (CE), or a no exercise control group. Participants perform supervised exercise at 50%-80% of their relative maximum intensity for both AE and RE, 3 times a week for 60 minutes per session, for 1 year (all 3 groups are time matched). Results The primary outcome is a composite z score including resting BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting glucose, and percent body fat, which is assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Diet and outside physical activity are measured throughout the intervention for 1 year. Conclusion CardioRACE ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03069092 ) will fill an important knowledge gap regarding the effects of RE, alone or in addition to the well-documented effects of AE. CardioRACE will help generate more comprehensive and synergistic clinical and public health strategies to prevent CVD.
ShortCut: accelerating mostly-deterministic code regions

Applications commonly perform repeated computations that are mostly, but not exactly, similar. If a subsequent computation were identical to the original, the operating system could improve performance via memoization, i.e., capturing the differences in program state caused by the computation and applying the differences in lieu of re-executing the computation. However, opportunities for generic memoization are limited by a myriad of differences that arise during execution, e.g., timestamps differ and communication yields non-deterministic responses. Such difference cause memoization to produce incorrect state. ShortCut generically accelerates mostly-deterministic computation by partial memoization. It creates a program, called a slice, that modifies the state diff to account for variation in a subsequent computation. ShortCut learns which inputs, data flows and control flows are likely, and makes assumptions about possible values for each during slice generation. Assuming only likely values rather than allowing all possible values makes complex slice generation feasible and slice execution much faster. Slices are self-verifying; they include predicates that verify all assumptions made during a subsequent execution. When these verifications succeed, the slice is guaranteed to produce a correct modification. If a verification fails, ShortCut transparently rolls back the slice execution and runs the non-memoized computation. Users see no difference between normal, memoized, and rolled-back execution.
Surgical management of aggressive hemangiomas of the spine.

Abstract Our objective is to describe the surgical management and outcomes following surgical intervention for aggressive spine hemangiomas. Patients from 2005 to 2018 with an aggressive hemangioma of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine and sacrum treated surgically at a tertiary referral academic medical center were included in this study. The hospital pathology department database was used to identify patients with a diagnosis of aggressive hemangioma. Patient demographics, medical history, operative procedure, adjunct treatment, early and late complications, and recurrence were analyzed using the Fischer exact test with significance set at p
Creating a bowel management plan for pediatric orthopaedic spine surgery patients

Opioid-induced constipation is a common problem in patients who have undergone surgery. No standard gastrointestinal protocol exists to manage perioperative care in pediatric orthopaedic spinal fusion patients despite data which support the need for a bowel regimen while a patient is taking narcotics. At our institution, this group of patients often present to the emergency department with constipation and other gastrointestinal complaints. We developed a quality improvement initiative to create a standardized bowel management plan for pediatric patients undergoing orthopaedic spine surgery to decrease constipation, thus improving care, and minimizing unplanned visits. We developed a bowel management plan in collaboration with the gastroenterology team, created an Epic Smart Phrase for discharge instructions to enhance compliance, and created and dispersed informational communication on changes to constipation management. We monitored compliance, emergency department visits, and re-admissions. Compliance with the bowel management plan, including inpatient medication prescribing and discharge “at-home” education, has increased to a mean of 93%. Emergency Department (ED) visits or re-admissions for constipation were reduced from a baseline mean of 1 in every 11 cases, to 1 in every 184 cases. Our institution sustained more than 2 years without an ED visit or readmission related to constipation in this patient population after the bowel management plan was in place. A bowel management plan can be used in the care of pediatric spinal fusion patients to increase patient safety, decrease healthcare burden, and improve care. This project not only increased awareness of post-surgical gastrointestinal symptoms and opioid side effects, but also decreased post-operative emergency department visits and re-admissions related to constipation. III, case control study.
Lin, Tony Tien-Ren (2020) Prosperity Gospel Latinos and Their American Dream

In this nuanced ethnography of Latinx migrants in the United States, Tony Tian-Ren Lin presents a thick description of those drawn to Prosperity Gospel Pentecostalism (PGP). The monograph opens with thorough yet concise introductions to the origins of the PGP movement in the US and its contours among Latinx communities. Readers are given a crash course in the primary assumptions and patterns of praxis espoused by PGP adherents, which are oriented around the formulaic pursuit of blessing via a combination of faith and action.
Telemedicine for Sports-Related Injuries.

Background Telemedicine use has expanded rapidly since the COVID-19 pandemic in order to adhere to social distancing protocols and has been met with much enthusiasm. However, less is known about the use of telemedicine in sports and exercise medicine (teleSEM) and its utility to treat emergent craniofacial injuries. Given how common facial trauma is among athletes and its possible complications, incorporation of telemedicine in sports-related injuries may prove to be quintessential for athletes and coaches. Methods A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted for studies published through December 2020 with multiple search terms related to telemedicine in sports and trauma care. Results Overall, teleSEM is appreciated by both patients and physicians alike. Studies show that the satisfaction rate among patients and physicians are high. Sports-related telemedicine visits can help improve resource utilization and total costs. Facial trauma studies also reveal that the level of concurrency of treatment options between telemedicine visits and in-person consultations is almost perfect. Further, there are many additional ways that teleSEM can be implemented in treating injured athletes, including possible collaboration between athletic coaches and physicians as well as mobile device applications. Telemedicine may be particularly useful in treating acute injuries in low-resourced areas with limited equipment and training. Conclusion Telemedicine has been widely employed for sports-related injuries and in traumatic care. Patients and providers alike have noted its utility over other methods of communication with physicians. Our findings suggest that telemedicine has a significant potential in treating sports-related injuries and improving the efficiency of diagnoses and treatments. It may enhance outcomes for participants in athletic events. This may become a key aspect of determining whether a player can return to immediate competition.
Incorporating research into an undergraduate animal behavior course using zoos and webcams.

In our non-majors animal behavior class we developed a semester-long research project assignment that incorporates project-based learning (PBL) and the opportunity for Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) that introduces, assesses, and applies the course concepts. This project can easily be adapted for non-majors biology, majors biology, or other more general survey classes, including remote courses. This student-led project involves a field trip for data collection at our local zoo, additional data collection using webcams, and writing and presenting a scientific report. Students apply the scientific method to design their research project and formulate a hypothesis. Throughout the semester, students learn about different behavioral sampling methods and how to develop and use an ethogram in class using animal webcams from zoos. At the zoo, students conduct a comparative behavior project by collecting data from their main animal and two related animals using multiple trials, so students can observe differences in behavior. At the conclusion of the project, students write a report demonstrating their data analysis, graphing, explanation, and interpretation of their own scientific data. We discuss how others can design and implement PBL and CUREs in their classes and what we have learned from our experiences.
An ab initio study of the oxygen defect formation and oxide ion migration in (Sr1-xPrx)2FeO4±δ

Abstract The Srn+1FenO3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite family displays promising oxygen permeability and serves as a host stoichiometry for the design of solid oxide electrode materials. A strategy to tune electronic and ionic properties is the introduction of substitutional dopants like Pr3+ to the A-site. In this study, we investigate the bulk structural, electronic, and oxygen migration properties for the n = 1 RP perovskite (Sr1-xPrx)2FeO4±δ (x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5). The oxygen partial pressure is adjusted to elucidate how anodic and cathodic operating conditions influence the formation of oxygen defects. Under anodic conditions, the oxygen vacancy is the dominant oxide defect for all dopant-configurations. Under cathodic conditions, oxygen vacancy defects dominate for configurations from x = 0 to x = 0.375 while the oxygen peroxide interstitial defect becomes the primary defect for x = 0.5. Next, we examine the relationship between Pr3+ concentration, iron oxidation state, and charge compensation with defect formation to explain the trends in vacancy and peroxide interstitial formation energies. Results clarify the role of lanthanide A-site substitutional dopants on the electronic conductivity and oxide defect formation and migration in Sr-based RP perovskites. These atomic-scale insights suggest design directions for RP perovskites in SOFCs.
The Determination of Temperature, Stresses, and Deflections in Two-Dimensional Thermoelastic Problems

An analytical successive-approximation method for the solution of linear partial differential equations is presented first in general terms, and then applied to the solution of two-dimensional heat and thermal stress problems. The method is applicable when solutions are desired for bars or plates—i.e., for bodies with one dimension small compared to the others. The final expressions given by this procedure for example for the stress aconsist of a number of terms (a= So-^), where the term at is proportional to the quantity [/3 d r/(d:x;)~']; (3 is the ratio of height to length of the bar, and x measures the distance along the span. The first term of the series in that corresponding to the assumption that sections plane before heating remain plane after heating; the solution obtained thus shows that this term provides a good approximation for thermal loadings varying smoothly along the span, and for thin bars. Similar results are obtained for the temperature and the deflections. Explicit formulas for the calculation of stresses and deflections are given. The validity of the Bernoulli-Euler hypothesis of beam-theory is examined. Illustrative examples are presented for all the above developments. The use of the method in problems in which the material properties are functions of the temperature is outlined.
Do bad people know more? Interactions between attributions of knowledge and blame

A central topic in experimental epistemology has been the ways that non-epistemic evaluations of an agent’s actions can affect whether the agent is taken to have certain kinds of knowledge. Several scholars (e.g., Beebe and Buckwalter Mind Lang 25:474–98; 2010; Beebe and Jensen Philosophical Psychology 25:689–715, 2012; Schaffer and Knobe Nous 46:675–708, 2012; Beebe and Shea Episteme 10:219–40, 2013; Buckwalter Philosophical Psychology 27:368–83, 2014; Turri Ergo 1:101–127, 2014) have found that the positive or negative valence of an action can influence attributions of knowledge to the agent. These evaluative effects on knowledge attributions are commonly seen as performance errors, failing to reflect individuals’ genuine conceptual competence with knows. In the present article, I report the results of a series of studies designed to test the leading version of this view, which appeals to the allegedly distorting influence of individuals’ motivation to blame. I argue that the data pose significant challenges to such a view.
Ion mobility and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry strategies for exhaled breath condensate glucose quantitation in cystic fibrosis studies

RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is an important complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) because it causes acceleration in the decline in lung function. Monitoring concentrations of key metabolites such as glucose in airway lining fluid is necessary for improving our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms linking diabetes and CF. Targeted-metabolomic strategies for glucose quantitation in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from healthy individuals are presented. METHODS Three different electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based methods were developed for EBC sample interrogation and glucose quantitation without derivatization. Two methods utilized ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to either time-of-flight (TOF) MS or triple quadrupole (QqQ) tandem MS (MS/MS). A third approach involved direct-infusion traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) with TOF-MS detection. UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS was used for urea quantitation as the EBC dilution marker. Matrix effects were mitigated using isotopically labeled glucose and urea as internal standards. RESULTS All the developed methods allowed glucose and urea quantitation in EBC with high accuracy and precision. The UHPLC/TOF-MS and UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS methods provided similar analytical figures of merit. UHPLC/QqQ-MS/MS provided the highest sensitivity and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 nM in EBC for both glucose and urea. The TWIMS-TOF-MS-based method provided the highest sample throughput capability; however, the glucose LOD was ~3-fold higher than with the two chromatographic methods. CONCLUSIONS Mass spectrometric methods for the quantitative analysis of trace EBC glucose levels are reported and compared for the first time. The analytical figures of merit demonstrate the applicability of these methods to metabolite analysis of airway samples for CF and CFRD research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Last chance tourism: adapting tourism opportunities in a changing world, edited by Raynald Harvey Lemelin, Jackie Dawson, and Emma J. Stewart

Last chance tourism: Adapting tourism opportunities in a changing world is an edited collection of papers written around vanishing tourism experiences, impacts of knowing or perceiving a tourism ex...
The Local Gravitational Field

In the redshift range v<3000 km s-1, the density distributions of the infrared selected IRAS galaxies and the optically selected CfA galaxies are shown to be identical. But the cosmological baseline density level of the IRAS galaxies appears to be higher by a factor ~2 than the one determined for the optical galaxies. If correct, this difference could account for the discrepancy between the determinations of Ω0 from the Virgocentric infall and from the IRAS dipole anisotropy. There are, however, a number of problems with this simple explanation.
Paradise Unmasked Amazon Journal: The true story of how the world got it wrong

Paradise Unmasked Amazon Journal. The true story of how the world got it wrong. Directed by Geoffrey O'Connor. Realis Pictures, 32 Union Square East, #816, New York, NY 10003. 60 minutes.
6‐Iodo‐2‐chloro‐7‐methylpurine

The structure of the compound obtained upon treatment of 2,6-dichloro-7-methylpurine with hydroiodic acid and phosphonium iodide is revised.
TRADE AND MARKET THICKNESS: EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONS

Globalization, by raising the number of buyers available to each seller and the number of sellers available to each buyer, raises the thickness, or the effective number of participants, of every market. Market thickness can have subtle effects on incentives and organizations, alleviating hold-up problems, resulting in less vertical integration, more informal contracting, and more cooperative and innovative relationships with subcontractors. However, it can also weaken long-run relationships, distorting relationship-specific investments and risk-sharing. This paper surveys the theory and empirical evidence, indicating when market thickness helps and when it hurts. (JEL: F15, L14, L22)
Bright-dark solitary wave pairs resulting from stimulated Raman scattering and loss

We show that under the combined effects of stimulated Raman scattering and loss, the pump and Stokes waves can form a bright–dark solitary wave pair. Our analysis takes into account dispersive and walk-off effects as processes of self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation. The physical origin of this formation is discussed.
Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations

Objectives. The relation between endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the brachial and coronary arteries was determined in the same subjects. Background. Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of overt atherosclerosis and is important in its pathogenesis. A noninvasive assessment of endothelial function in a peripheral conduit vessel, the brachial artery, was recently described, but the relation between brachial artery function and coronary artery vasodilator function has not been explored. Methods. In 50 patients referred to the catheterization laboratory for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (mean age ± SD 56 ± 10 years), the coronary vasomotor response to serial intracoronary infusions of the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine (10 −8 to 10 −6 mol/liter), was studied. Endotheliumdependent vasodilation was also assessed in the brachial artery by measuring the change in brachial artery diameter in response to reactive hyperemia. Results. Patients with coronary artery endothelial dysfunction manifested as vasoconstriction in response to acetylcholine had significantly impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery compared with that of patients with normal coronary endothelial function (4.8 ± 5.5% vs. 10.8 ± 7.6%, p Conclusions. This study demonstrated a close relation between coronary artery endothelium-dependent vasomotor responses to acetylcholine and flow-mediated vasodilation in the brachial artery. This noninvasive method may become a useful surrogate in assessing the predisposition to atherosclerosis in patients with cardiac risk factors.
Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study of hepatitis B virus antigen and complete particle production in hepatitis B virus DNA transfected HepG2 cells

The relationship between the presence of hepatitis B virus antigens, their localization and hepatitis B virus replication was studied in different clones of cultured HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells transfected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA. Intracellular hepatitis B virus antigens were detected by immunofluorescence. The production of these antigens was evaluated in the culture media by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected using dot-blot hybridization. Three types of HBcAg staining were observed in transfected HepG2 cells: (a) cells with nuclear HBcAg, (b) cells with cytoplasmic HBcAg and (c) cells with both nuclear and cytoplasmic HBcAg. Cell types b and c also expressed hepatitis B virus DNA in their culture media. Our results suggest that cytoplasmic HBcAg may be more involved than nuclear HBcAg in hepatitis B virus replication. The site of hepatitis B virus formation in hepatocytes was studied by electron microscopic examination of a specific hepatitis B virus producer clone, thereby allowing detection of intracellular Dane particles more easily than liver biopsy samples from infected patients. Dane particles and HBsAg filaments were found in large, dilated structures probably related to the endoplasmic reticulum. Budding of core particles into cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum-related structures appears to be a possible mechanism for hepatitis B virus formation; our results suggest that the exocytosis of cisternae to extracellular spaces may be a mechanism for release of hepatitis B virus particles.