cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prior computer-related experiences and hypermedia metacognition

Abstract One way to summarize our findings is based on the extent to which a predictive variable was correlated to another. The predictors that had correlations of .500 or stronger were (a) content-area software and programming (.702), (b) content-area software and hypermedia (.537), (c) content-area software and authoring (.563), (d) word processing and general computer knowledge (.735), (e) word processing and database (.836), (f) word processing and spreadsheet (.743), (g) word processing and hypermedia (.644), (h) word processing and authoring (.517), (i) database and spreadsheet (.914), (j) spreadsheet and hypermedia (.631), (k) spreadsheet and authoring (.677), (l) programming and hypermedia (.785), and (m) hypermedia and authoring (.938). Number of years of experience and general computer knowledge did not have moderate or better correlations with the other predictors and seemed to produce some of the least impressive results, especially the number of years of experience which, again, we suspect is not a valid or reliable measure. The two most consistent predictors were word-processing and hypermedia experience, although spreadsheet and database experience produced some, but not many, findings. Authoring language experience and programming experience, likewise, produced only a few results. Our basic premise has been to determine which types of computer-related experiences best predict less linearity or greater nonlinearity when using a hypermedia program. It appears that, with our findings and the predictor correlations, word-processing experience and hypermedia experience seem to be the most consistent predictors. The fact that word-processing experience is a strong predictor is quite encouraging because it is a computer-related skill that most students are exposed to and which, based on our results, involves nonlinearity. It is a computer tool students can use when engaged in a wide range of academic tasks that require them to reconstruct or reproduce their knowledge about a topic. It may be that even students with little hypermedia experience may proceed through a hypermedia environment in a less linear, more nonlinear fashion because of their word-processing experience. The Program 1 to Program 2 result inconsistencies lead to a basic condition related to our speculation that nonlinearity is strongly possible, provided a “warm-up” exercise is built into a hypermedia experience so that students gain a sense of the navigational options at their disposal. Sitting students down in front of a computer and expecting them to push aside all the linear learning they have done and automatically become nonlinear learners may be expecting too much.
A graph analytic metric for mitigating advanced persistent threat

This paper introduces a novel graph analytic metric that can be used to measure the potential vulnerability of a cyber network to specific types of attacks that use lateral movement and privilege escalation such as the well-known Pass The Hash, (PTH). The metric is computed from an oriented subgraph of the underlying cyber network induced by selecting only those edges for which a given property holds between the two vertices of the edge. The metric with respect to a select node on the subgraph is defined as the likelihood that the select node is reachable from another arbitrary node in the graph. This metric can be calculated dynamically from the authorization and auditing layers during the network security authorization phase and will potentially enable predictive deterrence against attacks such as PTH.
Fluorescence of crop residue: postmortem analysis of crop conditions

Fluorescence of crop residues at the end of the growing season may provide an indicator of the past crop's vegetative condition. Different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization were applied to field grown corn and wheat at Beltsville, Maryland. The N fertilizer treatments produce a range of physiological conditions, pigment concentrations, biomass levels, and grain yields that resulted in varying growth and stress conditions in the living crops. After normal harvesting procedures the crop residues remained. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of the plant residues from crops grown under different levels of N nutrition were analyzed. The blue-green fluorescence response of in-vitro residue biomass of the N treated field corn had different magnitudes. A blue-green- yellow algorithm, (460/525)*600 nm, gave the best separations between prior corn growth conditions at different N fertilization levels. Relationships between total dry biomass, the grain yield, and fluorescence properties in the 400 - 670 nm region of the spectrum were found in both corn and wheat residues. The wheat residue was analyzed to evaluate the constituents responsible for fluorescence. A ratio of the blue-green, 450/550 nm, images gave the best separation among wheat residues at different N fertilization levels. Fluorescence of extracts from wheat residues showed inverse fluorescence intensities as a function of N treatments compared to that of the intact wheat residue or ground residue samples. The extracts also had an additional fluorescence emission peak in the red, 670 nm. Single band fluorescence intensity in corn and wheat residues is due mostly to the quantity of the material on the soil surface. Ratios of fluorescence bands varied as a result of the growth conditions created by the N treatments and are thought to be indicative of the varying concentrations of the plant residues fluorescing constituents. Estimates of the amount and cost effectiveness of N fertilizers to satisfy optimal plant growth condition for specific areas of the field for the next growing season may be useful indicators for crop management. Analysis of plant constituent qualities and quantities of dead crop materials during the harvesting practice or after harvest could be useful indicators of the previous crop's conditions. These measures could be used as a tool in determining precision farming management practices for site specific areas in a field.
PCR and gene probes for detecting bioaerosols

Abstract Current methods for analyzing bioaerosols are based on maintaining organism viability and quantifying culturability; this can result in underestimation of concentrations. A feasibility study investigated a new analytical technique that only requires intact cellular DNA to identify organisms. This technique uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific DNA sequences from an organism, and hybridization of PCR product with DNA probes, to detect and quantify organisms. Legionella pneumophila solutions were aerosolized in a chamber, and air samples were collected using impingers and membrane filters. Samples were analyzed using the PCR-gene probe technique and gel electrophoresis. Results were compared with traditional plate counting and direct microscopic counts of cells stained with acridine orange. Results indicated that the PCR-gene probe technique provides a new way to identify and quantify bioaerosols that does not rely on viability and culturability. Therefore, the method would provide a more reliable estimate of airborne bacterial concentrations compared to traditional plate counts.
VMN dopaminergic graft and feeding pattern in obese Zucker rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of dopamine in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN) in the regulation of meal size and meal number during obesity. METHODS: Embryonic mesencephalic cells rich in dopaminergic neurons from lean rats were grafted into the VMN of obese Zucker rats. Since food intake is the product of meal size and number, these variables were measured using a rat ‘eater meter'. Dopamine and serotonin concentrations in the VMN were assayed in grafted and control rats via in vivo microdialysis and HPLC two months after transplantation. RESULTS: Food intake increased in grafted rats due to an increase of both meal size and meal number 2 weeks after implantation and to an increase of meal size with insufficient compensatory decrease of meal number 2 months after transplantation. Grafted rats showed higher absolute dopamine and lower serotonin concentrations in the VMN. CONCLUSION: It would appear that an increase of dopamine and a decrease of serotonin in the VMN of grafted obese rats may correlate with increase in meal number and meal size, respectively. Since obese Zucker rats usually display an enlarged meal size, we deduce from the data that chronically elevated VMN dopamine and low serotonin are involved in producing the large meal size observed during obesity.
Air Flow through a Valved Introducer Sheath

Scott O. Trerotola, MD Josh B. Shatsky, BA Jeffrey S. Berns, MD Timothy W.I. Clark, MD Andrew Kwak, MD Catherine M. Tuite, MD Richard D. Shlansky-Goldberg, MD Jeffrey I. Mondschein, MD Aalpen A. Patel, MD S. William Stavropoulos, MD Michael C. Soulen, MD Jeffrey A. Solomon, MD Sidney Kobrin, MD Jesse L. Chittams, MS Department of Radiology (S.O.T., J.B.S., T.W.I.C., A.K., C.M.T., R.D.S.G., J.I.M., A.A.P., S.W.S., M.C.S., J.A.S.) Division of Interventional Radiology Department of Medicine (J.S.B., S.K.) Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.L.C.) University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia, PA
1225 AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BRACHYCEPHALY & EUSTACHIAN TUBE (ET) DYSFUNCTION

We evaluated 203 healthy pre-school children between the ages of 4½ and 5½ during 1 week in March. Using anthropologists' calipers, maximum head lengths (glabella to opisthocranium) and the maximum head breadth (euryon to euryon) were measured. A second investigator performed tympanometry. Neither investigator knew the other's results when assessing a subject. Cephalic index (CI) = Maximum head breadth × 100/head length Mean = 76.1 SD ± 3.7 Children were considered brachycephalic whose CI>79.8 (+1 SD), those with a CI between 72.4 and 79.8 were mesoce½ja;oc. and those with a CI< 72.4 (-1 SD) were considered dolichocephalic. A tympanometry failure was defined as a Jerger's Type B tympanogram in one or both ears. Brachycephalic children were also found to have significantly more effusions than meso- and dolichocephalic children considered together (p < 0.05). Apache Indians are brachycephalic people (CI = 90) and have poor ET function, as is the case with those having Down's syndrome. It is possible that brachycephaly reflects an anatomical variation in the cranial base which, in turn, predisposes to poor ET function & middle ear pathology.
Effect of the Local Motions of Chemical Linkages on Segmental Mobility in Poly(ester carbonate) Block Copolymers

A series of glassy bisphenol poly(ester carbonate) copolymers containing various linkage groups were synthesized, and the segmental motions were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). DMA results indicate that strong coupling exists between the motion of the cyclohexylene ring and those of neighboring segments, and the segmental mobility of the resulting polymers is thus enhanced. In contrast to the cyclohexylene ring conformational transition, the motions of terephthalate, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1,4-dicarboxylate, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-dicarboxylate linkages are relatively independent of their environments, and therefore their incorporation does not cause much variation in polymer mobility. These results are consistent with those of a dipolar rotational spin-echo 13C NMR study,1 which show that the cyclohexylene dicarboxylate linkage is most likely to undergo the chair−boat−chair conformational transition, while the terephthalate, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1,4-dicarboxylate, and bicyclo[2.2...
Non-Resonant Microwave Absorption in N = 3 Phase of Bi ? Pb ? Sr ? Ca ? Cu ? O High-Temperature Superconductor

A detailed study is made of the temperature and magnetic field dependent properties of the non-resonant microwave absorption in granular composites of the N = 3 phase (Tc = 110 K) of the high-temperature supercondutor Bi2−xPbxSr2CaN−1CuNO4 + 2N using an EPR spectrometer. The magnetic field value of the center of the line and the width of the line depend on the magnitude of the previously applied dc magnetic field and the direction of sweep of the field. The position and width also change with temperature. It is shown that the theory of Xia and Stroud for the electromagnetic response of superconducting current loop in an increasing magnetic field, assuming a Boltzmann distribution of loop areas in the granular composite, can account for the shape of the derivate and the temperature dependence of the intensity of the derivative of the absorption. The change of the magnetic field position and linewidth with temperature and field can not be accounted for by the theory. These effects are argued to be a result of the flux trapping behavior of the sample. Die Temperatur- und Magnetfeld-abhangigen Eigenschaften der nichtresonanten Mikrowellenabsorption in granularen Zusammensetzungen der N = 3-Phase (Tc = 110 K) des Hochtemperatursupraleiters Bi2−xPbxSr2CaN−1CuNO4 + 2N werden mit einem EPR-Spektrometer ausfuhrlich untersucht. Der Magnetfeldwert des Linienzentrums und die Linienbreite hangen von der Grose des vorher angelegten magnetischen Gleichfelds und der Richtung des Feldsweeps ab. Die Lage und Breite andern sich ebenfalls mit der Temperatur. Es wird gezeigt, das die Theorie von Xia und Stroud fur die elektromagnetische Response der supraleitenden Stromschleife in einem wachsenden Magnetfeld unter Annahme einer Boltzmann-Verteilung der Schleifenflachen in der Granularzusammensetzung die Form der Abteilung und die Temperturabhangigkeit der Intensitat der Abteilung der Absorption erklaren kann. Die Anderung der Lage des Magnetfeldes und der Linienbreite mit Temperatur und Feld kann mit der Theorie nicht erklart werden. Es wird angenommen, das diese Effekte ein Ergebnis des Flusanhaftverhaltens der Probe ist.
Energy Dependence of the Stage-I Recovery of Aluminum

Electron irradiations have been used to determine how the atomic recoil energy changes the stage-I recovery data on aluminum samples for the near-threshold energy region. Results indicate that the recovery spectrum of aluminum is quite similar to that of copper. It is assumed that both ${I}_{C}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}_{D+E}$ can be assigned to one crystallographic direction. These two recovery stages then have an energy dependence which is explained in terms of the changes of population for close pairs and distant pairs of Frenkel defects. A threshold energy is used to distinguish between ${\mathrm{I}}_{C}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}_{D+E}$ events. This new threshold energy is also useful for determining a characteristic energy interval that enables a comparison of aluminum with copper for existing experimental and theoretical values.
Exact solution of the harmonic oscillator in arbitrary dimensions with minimal length uncertainty relations

We determine the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator where the coordinates and momenta are assumed to obey the modified commutation relations $[{x}_{i},{p}_{j}]=i\ensuremath{\Elzxh}[(1+\ensuremath{\beta}{p}^{2}){\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{ij}}+{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{p}_{i}{p}_{j}].$ These commutation relations are motivated by the fact that they lead to the minimal length uncertainty relations which appear in perturbative string theory. Our solutions illustrate how certain features of string theory may manifest themselves in simple quantum mechanical systems through the modification of the canonical commutation relations. We discuss whether such effects are observable in precision measurements on electrons trapped in strong magnetic fields.
Facilitation of Robust Growth of Prochlorococcus Colonies and Dilute Liquid Cultures by “Helper” Heterotrophic Bacteria

Axenic (pure) cultures of marine unicellular cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus genus grow efficiently only if the inoculation concentration is large; colonies form on semisolid medium at low efficiencies. In this work, we describe a novel method for growing Prochlorococcus colonies on semisolid agar that improves the level of recovery to approximately 100%. Prochlorococcus grows robustly at low cell concentrations, in liquid or on solid medium, when cocultured with marine heterotrophic bacteria. Once the Prochlorococcus cell concentration surpasses a critical threshold, the "helper" heterotrophs can be eliminated with antibiotics to produce axenic cultures. Our preliminary evidence suggests that one mechanism by which the heterotrophs help Prochlorococcus is the reduction of oxidative stress.
On perturbation methods in nonlinear stability theory

This paper reconsiders formal expansion methods for the analysis of the nonlinear properties of a modal disturbance. A survey is given of the various types of expansions based on different assumptions, and their range and shortcomings are discussed. By introducing a well-defined amplitude, Watson's expansion in a time-dependent amplitude is developed into a rational method for uniquely determining Landau constants of arbitrary order. Complementary to the common orthogonality condition for points at the neutral curve, an alternative definition of the Landau constants is given for points in the unstable domain. The method is not restricted to small amplification rates but is invalid in the stable domain. The method of Reynolds and Potter for a direct attack on equilibrium states is extended into a class of rational methods. The methods in this class agree to within a rearrangement of the infinite expansion series but differ in their respective range of validity.
Directly lithographic top contacts for pentacene organic thin-film transistors

Recent organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) research has focused on real applications for flat panel displays, smart cards, and smart inventory tags, often based on small molecule organic semiconductors such as pentacene. A resolution of 1 /spl mu/m in the fabrication of OTFTs is required for these purposes. It has been a major challenge to fabricate top contacts on the organic semiconductors, based on the fact that devices usually have a lower contact resistance than that of organic devices with bottom contacts. In this paper, we report the fabrication process of lithographic source/drain top contacts of pentacene OTFTs with mobility greater than 0.3 CM/sup 2//V-s. To our best knowledge this is the first work of directly patterning top contacts on OTFTs and demonstrating the desired performance for applications.
Physical aggression, diagnostic presentation, and executive functioning in inpatient adolescents diagnosed with mood disorders

While a relationship has been identified between physical aggression and executive functioning within the adult population, this relationship has not yet been consistently examined in the adolescent population. This study examined the association between physical aggression towards others, self-reported depressive symptoms, and executive functioning within an adolescent inpatient sample diagnosed with a mood disorder. This study consisted of a retrospective chart review of 105 adolescent inpatients (ages 13–19) that received a diagnosis of a mood disorder (excluding Bipolar Disorder). Participants were grouped based on history of aggression towards others, resulting in a mood disorder with physically aggressive symptoms group (n = 49) and a mood disorder without physically aggressive symptoms group (n = 56). Ten scores on various measures of executive functioning were grouped into five executive functioning subdomains: Problem Solving/Planning, Cognitive Flexibility/Set Shifting, Response Inhibition/Interference Control, Fluency, and Working Memory/Simple Attention. Results from analyses of covariance indicated that there were no significant differences (p < .01) between aggression groups on any executive functioning subdomains. Correlation analyses (p < .01) indicated a negative correlation between disruptive behavior disorders and response inhibition/interference control, while anxiety disorders were negatively correlated with problem solving/planning. These findings provide important information regarding the presence of executive dysfunction in adolescent psychiatric conditions, and the specific executive subdomains that are implicated.
Evaluating Policies to Increase Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy

AbstractBuilding on a review of experience in the United States and the European Union, this article advances four main propositions concerning policies aimed at increasing electricity generation f...
Bending of short DNA helices.

In their recent Science paper, Vafabakhsh and Ha claim that DNA duplexes at the range of 100 bp experience anomalous flexibility, much greater than the flexibility of large DNA molecules.1 However, careful reevaluation of their data leads to the conclusion that the presented data do not warrant the authors’ claim.
Emerging Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Lung Fibrosis

Fibrogenesis is an often-deadly process with increasing world-wide incidence and limited therapeutic options. Pulmonary fibrogenesis involves remodeling of the distal airspace and parenchyma of the lung, and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and accumulation of apoptosis-resistant myofibroblasts. Recent studies have added significantly to our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in lung fibrogenesis. Emerging concepts in this field include the critical role of the epithelium, particularly type II pneumocytes, in the initiation and perpetuation of fibrosis in response to either endogenous or exogenous stress; a growing awareness of alternative activation of macrophages in tissue remodeling; growing appreciation of the alternative origins and phenotypic plasticity of fibroblasts; the roles of epigenetic reprogramming and context-dependent signaling in profibrotic phenotype alterations; and recognition of the importance of cross talk and convergence of intracellular signaling pathways. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches support a paradigm of "disordered re-development" of the lung. Designing effective antifibrotic interventions will require accurate understanding of the complex interactions among the genetic, environmental, epigenetic, biochemical, cellular, and contextual abnormalities that promote pulmonary fibrogenesis.
Inside the accrual anomaly

Sloan (1996) and a number of subsequent studies present evidence that a trading strategy based on publicly available accounting accruals earns abnormal returns of approximately 10% in the year following its initiation. This empirical regularity has been named the 'accrual anomaly'. In this paper I investigate the accrual anomaly along two dimensions. First, I evaluate whether the accrual anomaly is related to other anomalies documented in the finance literature. Second, I investigate whether different methods for calculating long-term abnormal returns have an effect on the returns to the accrual strategy. My results indicate that both mergers and divestitures have an effect on the returns generated by the accrual strategy. After excluding observations associated with either mergers or divestitures, there is a decrease of about 25% in the strategy's returns. Second, different calculation methods for benchmark portfolio returns do not have a material effect on the returns of the accrual strategy. Third, when book-to- market is added to size as a second control for normal returns, returns to the accrual strategy decrease by approximately 20%. Fourth, the accrual strategy's returns are much larger in a sample of Nasdaq firms. Overall, I conclude that the accrual anomaly is sensitive to the series of tests conducted in this study, although a substantial portion of it remains unexplained.
When the spirit hurts: an approach to the suffering patient.

Suffering, or spiritual pain, receives little attention in medical education, research, or practice. 1 Institutional standards for pain management often address only physical pain,2 the inadequate treatment of which is widespread and well documented. 3-5 However, suffering is more individualized, more elusive than pain. 6,7 Suffering, like physical pain, may go unrecognized and undertreated even in the best settings 1,3,8 and amidst very compassionate caregivers, simply because of inadequate diagnostic skills and knowledge about the nature of suffering. 7 While we may not be able to alleviate suffering in the same manner or to the same degree as we can physical pain, the simple recognition of suffering in the patient is the first step in a truly holistic approach, allowing the patient to feel the therapeutic power of compassion and begin healing.
Architectures for energy-aware impulse UWB communications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) signaling is an emerging technology that promises high data rates at a very low power cost. Due to the complex characteristics of the UWB channel, the signal processing required to achieve high data rates even at low distances is very large. In this paper, the complexity trade-offs associated with three elements of the digital baseband: the correlators bank, the RAKE receiver, and the Viterbi based MLSE equalizer, are presented for a practical transceiver.
Evaluating techniques for interaction at a distance

This paper presents techniques designed to facilitate interaction at a distance in mobile augmented reality and evaluates different input controls for them. The goal of the techniques is to quickly and accurately annotate distant physical objects not yet represented in the computer's model of the scene. To this end, we present a new method for judging virtual object distance. Using virtual depth cues, the user can accurately judge depth values without having to resort to near-field-only cues such as stereo vision and parallax. To place new annotations, we need to position a virtual 3D cursor accurately relative to known landmarks. We develop four techniques for controlling this cursor and conducted a user study on the relative efficiency of these techniques.
The mechanical interaction of point defects with spherical surface layers

The interaction energy of a center of dilatation with a spherical cavity or a sphere covered by a surface layer is derived. The surface layer and the substrate are assumed to consist of elastically isotropic materials with different elastic constants. In addition to the image interaction also the interaction energy is obtained when a homogeneous eigenstrain exists in the surface layer and when the spherical cavity is in a hydrostatic or uniaxial tension field. A comparison is made for the image interaction with the coated sphere, the cavity, and the flat surface, and approximate expressions are given for the point defect close to the coated cavity. Die Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen einem Dilatationszentrum und einem spharischen Hohlraum oder einer Kugel, die beide mit einer Oberflachenschicht bedeckt sind, wird abgeleitet. Es wird angenommen, das die Oberflachenschicht und das Medium aus isotropen, elastischen Materialien bestehen, die unterschiedliche elastische Konstanten haben. Zusatzlich zu der Bild-Wechselwirkung wird auch die Wechselwirkungsenergie erhalten, wenn die Schicht eine homogene Eigenverzerrung enthalt, und wenn der Hohlraum sich in einem hydrostatischen oder einachsigen Spannungsfeld befindet. Die Bildkraft fur die bedeckte Kugel, den bedeckten Hohlraum oder die bedeckte ebene Flache werden miteinander verglichen, und Naherungsausdrucke werden erhalten, wenn der Punktfehler sich in der Nahe des Hohlraumes befindet.
The Structure of ClpP at 2.3 Å Resolution Suggests a Model for ATP-Dependent Proteolysis

We have determined the crystal structure of the proteolytic component of the caseinolytic Clp protease (ClpP) from E. coli at 2.3 A resolution using an ab initio phasing procedure that exploits the internal 14-fold symmetry of the oligomer. The structure of a ClpP monomer has a distinct fold that defines a fifth structural family of serine proteases but a conserved catalytic apparatus. The active protease resembles a hollow, solid-walled cylinder composed of two 7-fold symmetric rings stacked back-to-back. Its 14 proteolytic active sites are located within a central, roughly spherical chamber approximately 51 A in diameter. Access to the proteolytic chamber is controlled by two axial pores, each having a minimum diameter of approximately 10 A. From the structural features of ClpP, we suggest a model for its action in degrading proteins.
Een hersentumor: lokale beschadiging of ziek netwerk?

De Hongaarse schrijver Frigyes Karinthy stelde in zijn korte verhaal Ketenen uit 1929 dat alle mensen in de wereld met elkaar verbonden zijn via maximaal vijf andere personen. Hoewel Karinthy geen bewijs had voor deze aanname, bleek hij het wel bij het juiste eind te hebben. De bekende psycholoog Stanley Milgram bevestigde namelijk in de jaren 60 met een ingenieus brievenexperiment het vermoeden van Karinthy. Milgram stuurde 160 brieven naar willekeurig gekozen personen in de Verenigde Staten, waarin slechts een opdracht stond: zorg ervoor dat deze brief terechtkomt bij persoon X in Boston door hem door te sturen naar iemand die je bij voornaam kent en die misschien persoon X kent (Milgram, 1967). Het lijkt onwaarschijnlijk dat de brieven X zouden bereiken, maar bijna een derde van de brieven vond zijn weg naar Boston! Nog interessanter: de brieven kwamen gemiddeld na slechts vijf ‘tussenstations’ aan. Zo werden niet alleen de six degrees of separation voor het eerst wetenschappelijk aangetoond, maar werd ook voor het eerst een brug geslagen tussen de voorheen vrij wiskundige tak van de netwerkstudie en de sociale psychologie. Het is mede hierdoor dat de toepassing van netwerktheorie op een heleboel verschillende typen netwerken in zwang is geraakt.
Printed Electronics for System Application

Printed electronics are of highly interested in recently years for its flexible and low cost. Extensively results on the transistor, light-emitting diode, memory and diode were reports. However, rarely works on the integration of those components into an electronic system and the architecture for the system are discussed. In this article, we discussed the design and performance of transistor, memory and diode based on the integrated process consideration and the system architecture for a printed RFID.
Programs in information systems at Florida International University

Describes the history, goals, objectives, and priorities of the educational programs in information systems that are currently in place at Florida International University. The authors also describe the research paradigm that brings together the diverse research interests of the faculty in the Department of Decision Sciences and Information Systems. This research paradigm covers four different but related areas of research: IS development, IS and support tools, consequences of IS use, and management of information systems. Recent and ongoing studies in these areas are presented as well as future directions for the research program. >
Lexidactylophobia: The (Irrational) Fear of Fingerspelling.

Fingerspelling is a system of manually representing the graphemes of a spoken language used by members of Deaf communities worldwide. Yet, at least within the North American educational system, fingerspelling appears to be largely discounted in favor of sign usage, despite its high potential for linkage to the orthographical system of English and literacy development. The author describes fingerspelling in connection with how it is used within the American Deaf community, and also describes the development of fingerspelling skills in deaf (and hearing) children. He also describes how deaf adults use fingerspelling to promote literacy development in young deaf children. Strategies for increasing the use of fingerspelling by teachers and parents of the Deaf are outlined.
Role of SRC-1 in the Promotion of Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Tumor Progression

Prostate cancer is initially androgen dependent and there is evidence that androgen receptor continues to play a role in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Androgen receptor activity depends both on the level of androgens and on the level of coactivators that interact with androgen receptor. Our goal was to evaluate the role of the androgen receptor coactivator SRC-1 in prostate cancer progression. Using tissue arrays to measure SRC-1 protein levels, we found that increased SRC-1 expression in clinically localized, androgen-dependent cancer is associated with clinical and pathologic variables of increased tumor aggressiveness. Interestingly, there was variable expression of SRC-1 in normal prostate tissue which correlated with the staining intensity of the corresponding cancer tissue. To test the contribution of SRC-1, we examined its role in androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent C4-2 prostate cancer cell lines. Using small interfering RNA to reduce expression of androgen receptor, we found that androgen receptor was required both for cell growth and for basal expression of prostate-specific antigen in the androgen-independent C4-2 cell line. Thus, although the cells can grow in an androgen-depleted medium, they remained androgen receptor dependent. Reduction of SRC-1 expression significantly reduced growth and altered androgen receptor target gene regulation in both LNCaP and C4-2 cell lines whereas it had no effect on the growth of the androgen receptor-negative PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Although the requirement for androgens and androgen receptor in the development of prostate cancer is well established, our study implicates enhanced androgen receptor activity through elevated expression of SRC-1 in the development of more aggressive disease in men with prostate cancer.
Standards-HyTime: a standard for structured hypermedia interchange

Some of the key concepts and features of HyTime, which is being developed as an American and an international standard (ISO/IEC 10744) for structured representation of hypermedia information, are introduced. HyTime is an application of ISO 8879 and is interchanged using ASN.1 (ISO 8824) for OSI compatibility. HyTime complements and enhances the utility of standards for individual multimedia objects, such as motion video and still pictures. HyTime is not a complete hyperdocument architecture. Its functions will be incorporated into architectures and applications designed by standards committees, industry groups, and others. >
Thinking of a Change: Health Education for the 2020 Generation

(2011). Thinking of a Change. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 258-269.
Time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in New York city from 2001 to 2012: Assessed by repeat air and urine samples

Abstract Background Exposure to air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and specifically pyrene from combustion of fuel oil, coal, traffic and indoor sources, has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, time trends of airborne PAH and metabolite levels detected via repeat measures over time have not yet been characterized. We hypothesized that PAH levels, measured repeatedly from residential indoor and outdoor monitors, and children׳s urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites, would decrease following policy interventions to reduce traffic-related air pollution. Methods Indoor PAH (particle- and gas-phase) were collected for two weeks prenatally (n=98), at age 5/6 years (n=397) and age 9/10 years (n=198) since 2001 and at all three age-points (n=27). Other traffic-related air pollutants (black carbon and PM2.5) were monitored indoors simultaneous with PAH monitoring at ages 5/6 (n=403) and 9/10 (n=257) between 2005 and 2012. One third of the homes were selected across seasons for outdoor PAH, BC and PM2.5 sampling. Using the same sampling method, ambient PAH, BC and PM2.5 also were monitored every two weeks at a central site between 2007 and 2012. PAH were analyzed as semivolatile PAH (e.g., pyrene; MW 178–206) (∑8PAHsemivolatile: Including pyrene (PYR), phenanthrene (PHEN), 1-methylphenanthrene (1-MEPH), 2-methylphenanthrene (2-MEPH), 3-methylphenanthrene (3-MEPH), 9-methylphenanthrene (9-MEPH), 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene (1,7-DMEPH), and 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (3,6-DMEPH)) and the sum of eight nonvolatile PAH (∑8PAHnonvolatile: Including benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene/iso-chrysene (Chry), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFA), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP); MW 228–278). A spot urine sample was collected from children at child ages 3, 5, 7 and 9 between 2001 and 2012 and analyzed for 10 PAH metabolites. Results Modest declines were detected in indoor BC and PM2.5 levels between 2005 and 2012 (Annual percent change [APC]=−2.08% [p=0.010] and −2.18% [p=0.059] for BC and PM2.5, respectively), while a trend of increasing pyrene levels was observed in indoor and outdoor samples, and at the central site during the comparable time periods (APC=4.81%, 3.77% and 7.90%, respectively; p Conclusions Multiple NYC legislative regulations targeting traffic-related air pollution may have led to decreases in ∑8PAHnonvolatile and BC, especially in the nonheating season. Despite the overall decrease in pyrene over the 2001–2012 periods, a rise in pyrene levels in recent years (2005–2012), that was particularly evident for measures collected during the heating season, and 2-naphthol, indicates the contribution of heating oil combustion and other indoor sources to airborne pyrene and urinary 2-naphthol.
Similarities and differences in the analytical descriptions of the acceleration sensitivities of acoustic bulk and surface wave resonators

The importance and advantages of the use of finite deformation theory in the analytical description of the influence of biasing states in general and acceleration in particular on the accurate prediction of the behavior of precision resonant devices is noted. The unknown intermediate biasing state is defined and the electroelastic equations are presented referred to the known reference coordinates. The useful equation for the perturbation in eigenfrequency was obtained from these equations. The detailed mode shapes of both surface wave and contoured resonators are presented, as are the equations of the extension and flexure of thin plates for the determination of the biasing states. Some results on acceleration sensitivity for both surface wave and contoured resonators are presented and contrasted.
Performance characteristics of critically decimated multirate adaptive systems

Multirate adaptive systems are known to require a nondiagonal form when critical decimation is used. This has been shown previously using quasi-perfect reconstruction filter banks and approximations of the inverse of the aliasing component matrix, H(z). The authors show the exact form of the adaptive solution by constraining the analysis and synthesis filter banks such that the analysis/synthesis system is a perfect reconstruction system, and the aliasing component matrix is unitary on the unit circle. They then demonstrate the performance of such a system, for the two-band and M-band case, using a tridiagonal approximation, in terms of subband eigenvalue disparity, convergence rate, computational complexity, and misadjustment. They show the importance of high stopband attenuation in the design of analysis filters for the M>2 channel case. >
Discovering Atypical Flights in Sequences of Discrete Flight Parameters

This paper describes the results of a novel research and development effort conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center for discovering anomalies in discrete parameter sequences recorded from flight data. Many of the discrete parameters that are recorded during the flight of a commercial airliner correspond to binary switches inside the cockpit. The inputs to our system are records from thousands offlights for a given class of aircraft and destination. The system delivers a list of potentially anomalous flights as well as reasons why the flight was tagged as anomalous. This output can be analyzed by safety experts to determine whether or not the anomalies are indicative of a problem that could be addressed with a human factors intervention. The final goal ofthe system is to help safety experts discover significant human factors issues such as pilot mode confusion, i. e., a flight in which a pilot has lost situational awareness as reflected in atypicality of the sequence of switches that he or she throws during descent compared to a population of similar flights. We view this work as an extension of Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) where the goal is to understand and evaluate the combined health of a class of aircraft at a given destination.
Employment implications of stricter pollution regulation in China: theories and lessons from the USA

While the goal of reducing environmental impact has become an urgent imperative for Chinese leadership, the central and potentially competing objective for policy makers and planners remains economic growth and job creation. This paper systematically examines the perceived trade-offs between pollution control regulation and employment at the microeconomic and macroeconomic scale. We synthesize the theoretical literature on the employment impact of pollution control regulation at the firm, industry, and economy levels and summarize the theoretically sufficient conditions for employment-enhancing regulation. The paper examines the US experience with the impact of pollution control on job growth in the 1980s and 1990s and draws out the mechanisms through which job growth and pollution control can be congruent, examining their adaptability to the Chinese context. Specifically, this paper highlights the importance of targeting regulations toward sectors where labor costs represent a small portion of overall costs or sectors with low labor intensity. We demonstrate that in the Chinese context, a transition to an economy with a higher proportion of tertiary output is likely to facilitate a joint strategy of stringent pollution control combined with job growth.
Yttrium-90 microsphere treatment for liver dominant hepatic metastases from lung cancer

17122 Background: Hepatic metastases are a common manifestation of primary lung malignancies; the primary and other extrahepatic sites are often less responsive to systemic therapy. A new method of...
Exercise Treatment for Wandering Behavior

Persons who experience confusion and disorientation pose a variety of management problems for caregivers. One such problem is wandering behavior that leads people to walk out of their residences and become injured or lost.
Emerging Business, Emerging Field: Entrepreneurship and the Family Firm:

This article proposes that the fields of entrepreneurship and family business consist of separate and distinct but overlapping domains. The intersection of the two domains provides a unique perspec...
Chromatography and biological stains. II. Column chromatographic separation of the colored materials in commercial Sudan III.

Commercial Sudan III was separated into various fractions by the usual column chromatographic technics using Celite-silicic acid as the adsorbent and commercial petroleum ether (B) as the solvent. By analysis, using both spectrophotometric and paper strip chromatographic methods, it was possible to identify fractions from the commercial sample, including several fractions which were indubitably very highly purified Sudan III. In addition several other fractions containing mixtures of colored components have been isolated.
The Size of Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans): a Rebuttal

Lariviere and Crete (1993, Journal of Mammalogy, 74: 1072- 1074) raised several objections to the hypothesis of Thurber and Peterson (1991, Journal of Mammalogy, 72:750-755) that the larger body size of eastern coyotes, especially those in New Hampshire, is attributable simply to enhanced nutrition. All of the evidence presented in defense of genetic distinctiveness of coyotes in the east is indirect, and can be explained without recourse to a genetic argument. Relevant hypotheses should be re-evaluated after more detailed studies of genetic characteristics of coyotes have been completed using new approaches that are now available
Repair of fracture of the proximal portion of the radius and ulna in a llama.

Abstract Repair of a comminuted fracture of the proximal portion of the radius and ulna in a 4-month-old llama was achieved by use of internal fixation. An 8-hole narrow dynamic compression plate was applied to the lateral aspect of the radius and a 7-hole narrow dynamic compression plate was applied to the cranial aspect of the radius. One year after surgery, the llama had a normal gait and the cosmetic appearance of the limb was excellent.
Dual regulation of cGMP formation by calcium in pancreatic acinar cells

Regulation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclicmonophosphate (cGMP) formation by calcium and calcium-binding proteins was studied at the levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylyl cyclase (GC) in dispersed pancreatic acini isolated from guinea pig. In intact cells, in the cytosol, and on diethylaminoethyl fractions from cytosolic proteins, GC activity was negatively regulated by Ca 2+ . An increase in Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]) from 25 to 950 nM suppressed cGMP formation by 85%. On the other hand, NOS was stimulated by agents increasing cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] and inhibited by intracellular Ca 2+ chelators. Thus Ca 2+ regulates cGMP production in opposite directions by activating NOS and inhibiting GC. Calmodulin antagonists W-7, trifluoperazine, and R-24571 inhibited NOS, suggesting that the enzyme is regulated by calmodulin as in other cell types. Calmodulin antagonists appeared to inhibit GC. In particular, 200 μM W-7 completely abolished the cGMP rise evoked by the nitric oxide donor, nitroprusside. The effect was not reversed by addition of excess calmodulin. The findings suggest that the negative regulation of GC by Ca 2+ is due to factors other than calmodulin but affected by calmodulin antagonists
Specialized Disaster Behavioral Health Training: Its Connection with Response, Practice, Trauma Health, and Resilience

This study examined the relationship between having training in key disaster behavioral health (DBH) interventions and trauma health (compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction), resilience, the number of crisis responses participated in within the last year, and the frequency of assembling to practice crisis interventions skills. Data was collected from a convenience sample of disaster behavioral health responders (N = 139) attending a training conference in Michigan. Measures included the Professional Quality of Life Scale, the 14-item Resilience Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Point biserial correlations revealed that having training in large and small group crisis interventions and individual and peer crisis interventions was significantly correlated with higher resilience and lower levels of burnout. Psychological First Aid was not significantly associated with any of the trauma health variables or with resilience. Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction were not significantly associated with DBH training. Chi-square tests for independence found no significant association between key DBH training strategies and the number of crisis responses participated in within the past year and the frequency of assembling to practice crisis interventions skills. These findings suggest that completing training in both, large and small group and individual and peer crisis intervention techniques may help to increase resiliency and reduce burnout among disaster behavioral health providers.