cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miniscrew implant-supported Frog® appliance for maxillary molar distalization

Abstract Various appliances have been used for the correction of Class II malocclusion. The majority of these appliances depend on patient compliance for a successful treatment outcome. An 11-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for orthodontic treatment. She had a mild skeletal Class II malocclusion with Class II molar and canine relationship on both sides. The treatment plan included bilateral distalization of the maxillary first molars using a miniscrew implant-supported frog appliance along with comprehensive orthodontics. Successful correction of Class II malocclusion was achieved with the use of a relatively new intraoral distalization appliance–the Frog ® Appliance. Proclination of maxillary incisors was minimal due to the use of miniscrew implants. This article presents an effective, noninvasive, and compliance-free intraoral distalization appliance for achieving maxillary molar distalization.
Influence of Post-Exposure Temperature on the Toxicity of Insecticides to the Tobacco-Adapted Form of the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abiotic factors, such as temperature, are important in the activity and performance of insecticidal compounds, as they influence biochemical reactions that may either enhance or limit the insecticide effectiveness. The influence of these temperature-mediated factors on the toxicity of insecticides in red and green color morphs of the tobacco-adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), was evaluated using leaf-dip bioassays in laboratory incubators. Postexposure temperatures of 15, 20, and 25°C were evaluated for 4 classes of insecticides: organophosphate (acephate), carbamate (methomyl), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), and neonicotinoid (imidacloprid). Except for lambda-cyhalothrin, all the insecticides had positive temperature coefficients that indicated increased toxicity to M. persicae at both 5 (15 - 20 and 20 - 25°C) and 10°C (15 - 25°C) temperature ranges. Postexposure temperature had similar effects on insecticide toxicity to both color morphs. A temperature increase of 5°C, fr...
Keratinization in vitro of chorionic epithelium of the chick embryo.

SummaryA keratogenic metaplasia in vitro of chorionic epithelium of the chick embryo is described. Explants of chorionic epithelium from 8-day embryos, cultured for 8 days on a plasma clot, became altered from an attenuated, one-cell-thick respiratory membrane into a multilayered, squamous epithelium in advanced phases of keratinization.
Use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons as a model for Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite with approximately one-third of the worlds' population chronically infected. In chronically infected individuals, the parasite resides primarily in cysts within neurons in the central nervous system. The chronic infection in immunocompetent individuals has been considered to be asymptomatic but increasing evidence indicates the chronic infection can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia, prenatal depression and suicidal thoughts. A better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which the parasite exerts effects on human behavior is limited due to lack of suitable human neuronal models. In this paper, we report the use of human neurons derived from normal cord blood CD34+ cells generated via genetic reprogramming, as an in vitro model for the study T. gondii in neurons. This culture method resulted in a relatively pure monolayer of induced human neuronal-like cells that stained positive for neuronal markers, MAP2, NFL, NFH and NeuN. These induced human neuronal-like cells (iHNs) were efficiently infected by the Prugniad strain of the parasite and supported replication of the tachyzoite stage and development of the cyst stage. Infected iHNs could be maintained through 5 days of infection, allowing for formation of large cysts. This induced human neuronal model represents a novel culture method to study both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages of T. gondii in human neurons.
KNN++: An Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor Approach for Classifying Data with Heterogeneous Views

In this paper, we proposed an enhanced KNN approach, which is denoted as KNN++, for classifying complex data with heterogeneous views. Any type of view can be utilized when applying the KNN++ method, as long as a distance function can be defined on that view. The KNN++ includes an integral learning component that learns the weight of each view. Furthermore, the KNN++ method factors in not only the training data, but also the unknown instance itself when assessing the importance of different views in classifying the unknown instance. Experimental results on predicting SPY daily open price demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in classification. The time complexity of the KNN++ method is linear to the size of the training dataset.
Beolens, B., M. Watkins, and M. Grayson (eds.). 2009. The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, i-xiii + 574 pp. ISBN-13 978-0-8018-9304-9 and ISBN-10 0-8018-9304-6, price (hardbound), $65.00

B. Beolens, M. Watkins, M. Grayson (eds.). 2009. The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, i-xiii + 574 pp. ISBN-13 978-0-8018-9304-9 and ISBN-10 0-8018-9304-6, price (hardbound), $65.00. Dictionaries attract an eclectic audience and have enjoyed a long and distinguished history ranging from early classics, such as Samuel Johnson's (1755) Dictionary of the English Language through your grandfather'sFunk & Wagnalls, to today'smultiple online incarnations. Recently dictionaries specific to an increasing array of fields and developing bodies of knowledge have appeared. This is hardly surprising, given the increasing level of specialization in all fields of science. In the natural sciences a few broadly used dictionaries are of high utility. These include dictionaries of biology, zoology, and other disciplines (Abercrombie et al. 1973; Allaby 2003; Craciun and Craciun 1976; Walker 1989). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals is the 1st of its kind that explains who all those folks were who have scientific or vernacular names of mammals named after them. An important distinction should 1st be made between etymology and eponyms. The 1st refers to the origin of a word, explaining the evolution of the “etymon” (Greek for truth). Eponym also has Greek roots (eponymos or eponumos), including the prefix epi = on + onyma or onoma = name. To illustrate this distinction consider the etymology of the words Columbus, America, and Athens. Columbus Day is an eponym for Christopher Columbus, America is an eponym for Amerigo Vespucci, and the capital of Greece is an eponym for the goddess Athena. In the case of mammals common or vernacular and scientific names of species frequently honor a person and therefore are eponyms. The term patronym is frequently used in this sense, but it is restricted more properly to family names derived from paternal ancestors. Interestingly, occasional eponyms are indeed patronyms. In describing Anoura …
New species of Gladiolus (Iridaceae) from the southern Cape and the status of G. lewisiae

Gladiolus aquamontanus and G. uitenhagensis are two new species from the southern Cape, South Africa. Gladiolus aquamontanus, related to the G. carneus–G. floribundus alliance, is an evergreen species of perennial streams in the Swartberg, while G. uitenhagensis is closely allied to G. permeabilis and is a local endemic of the eastern Great Winterhoek Mountains near Uitenhage. The discovery of G. caryophyllaceus, a western Cape species, in the Swartberg has led to a re-evaluation of the closely related G. lewisiae. It now seems likely that G. lewisiae is an interspecific hybrid between G. caryophyllaceus and G. tristis. Gladiolus lewisiae is recorded from only one locality where both putative parents are now known to occur and its morphology seems intermediate between them.
Excavations at a Small Mesa Verde Pueblo II Anasazi Site in Southwestern Colorado

ABSTRACTExcavations at Gnatsville, a small Anasazi Pueblo site located in the Mesa Verde region of southwestern Colorado, provide insights concerning the diversity of Pueblo II sites and mobility patterns. Analyses indicate Gnatsville was occupied year round and that the inhabitants exploited a wide range of economic resources and practiced a mix of subsistence strategies that complemented one another.
Paper 16: An Analysis of the Losses in a Radial Gas Turbine:

A discussion of the flow pattern in the rotor passages of a radial gas turbine showed that loss data for predicting turbine performance could only be adequately obtained from rotating cascades or turbine tests. The details are given of an analysis of the radial gas turbine tests described by Hiett and Johnston. The analysis showed that the deviation in the nozzle gas leaving angle was dependent not only on the nozzle geometry and gas leaving angle but also on the rotor speed and geometry. Two rotor loss coefficients were obtained, one, ζRA, was similar in form to the conventional axial turbine type loss coefficient, the other, ζRB, could be used with Wallace's theory for predicting the off-design characteristics of the turbine. The two loss coefficients are shown to be related. The results showed that ζRB could be expressed as a function of the gas incident angle and the relative velocity at the rotor tip for each turbine. The conventional loss coefficient ζRA had a minimum value at negative incidence to ...
A Review of Childhood Physical Activity, Brain, and Cognition: Perspectives on the Future

This manuscript, which arose from the inaugural Tom Rowland Lecture Series at the 2016 North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine conference, provides a brief descriptive review of what is known (i.e., the state of the science) regarding the relation of childhood physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to brain health, cognition, and academic outcomes. Gaps in the knowledgebase are identified, including characteristics of the PA stimulus that promotes changes in brain and cognition, whether critical periods in development exist in which PA/CRF may have a disproportionately large influence, the understanding of individual difference factors, and the influence upon learning. Lastly, several possible directions for future research are proposed. Although the field of childhood PA, CRF, brain, and cognition is rapidly expanding, there is considerable room for future growth. This manuscript may be helpful in shaping that future growth, with the goal of improving lifelong health and effective functioning.
Facilitators and barriers to expansion of newborn screening programs in the 21st century

Abstract Background - Newborn screening programs have grown over the past 50 years to include screening for more than 40 metabolic and genetic disorders. Technology, or the ability to screen for disorders, is not the sole influence for expansion of screening. The lack of clarity in how facilitators and barriers impact newborn screening programs can affect the stakeholder’s perspective of public health department initiatives and future goals. Method - We developed a logic model in order to help stakeholders establish reasonable expectations, while being aware of the delays and unanticipated consequences which might occur when attempting to expand newborn screening programs. Results and Conclusions - Our logic model emphasizes that expansion of Newborn Screening relies on several interrelated factors that can be identified as Technical, Financial, Policy and Human Capital. Further delineating these factors into a series of checklists promises to be of value to decision-makers in state-operated newborn screening programs, given constrained resources and anticipated barriers.
Exposure to New Therapies and Treatment Delay in Multiple Myeloma: Experience from a Safety Net Hospital

Introduction: Treatments for myeloma have evolved over the past several years with resultant improvements in survival. Two new medications, bortezomib (B) and lenalidomide (L), have played a major role in this development. Each has received FDA approval in the past 10 years. Both medications are relatively expensive and, due to its teratogenic effects, lenalidomide requires a pt training and education program before pharmacies may fill the prescription. In addition, specialty pharmacies need to be identified and prior approval is required from the insurance carrier. This study addresses whether or not a relatively underinsured, indigent population was able to receive these medications and in a timely fashion. Methods: Electronic medical records of all pts diagnosed with myeloma from 1/2005-12/2014 at MetroHealth Medical Center (a large safety net institution in Cleveland, OH) were reviewed. 88 pts were identified. Med age was 59 (35 -87); 50% were African American (AA), 43% caucasian (C), 1% Hispanic and 6% unknown. Health insurance status: 26% private; 35% medicare; 17% medicaid; and 22% were uninsured. Results: 77% AA received either B or L or both vs 82% C pts (NS). Overall, 17/88 (19%) never received either L or B. This included: 5 due to pt preference or co-morbidities which precluded treatment,; 2 who died before they could receive any therapy; 3 lost to follow-up before treatment could be started; 6 who received thalidomide and then either transferred care elsewhere, died or did not require another treatment; and 1 who transferred to another facility for stem cell transplant evaluation before treatment was initiated. Therefore, all 71 pts who were candidates and w/treatment data available received B or L. Of the 17 who did not get B or L: 6 were uninsured, 5 private insurance, 4 medicare, and 2 medicaid. Overall, 66 pts received B; 31 received L. Ave time from prescription to pt start of medication: 19.1 days for L (med 14.5d, range 0-65d) vs 1.56d for B (med 0d, range 0-20d), p Conclusions: In this underinsured, indigent population, all appropriate pts with myeloma received at least one of the 2 novel drugs. There was a statistically significant delay in treatment for those pts who were prescribed lenalidomide as compared to bortezomib (19.1 days L vs 1.56 days for B). It is not clear that this is a clinically significant difference but suggests that bortezomib containing regimens may be a better option in cases where urgent therapy is needed, particularly in this population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Heterogeneity in polymer networks formed by a single copolymerization reaction: I. Gelation and pre-gel structure

Abstract Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the formation of 3- and 6-functional polymer networks explicitly shows gelation via large dendritic clusters. The heterogeneous network structures are studied in detail; clusters have pendant structures and occupy significant volume fraction. Cluster fractal dimension and the Fisher exponent for cluster size are consistent with percolation theory and kinetic gelation models. Several criteria for determining gelation yield consistent results somewhat higher than the estimate for ideal networks on regular lattices. Almost all crosslink loop formation occurs after gelation just as traditional statistical theories assume. The presence and size of these clusters provide a natural explanation for density variations seen in microscopy studies of crosslinked polymers. The second paper in this series describes how the network structure develops after gelation. Large pendant structures, and more localized defects, persist and comprise a substantial fraction of material that is not contributing to network strength.
Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS): A pediatric case report with six year follow-up.

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disorder involving brainstem, pons in particular, characterized by a predominant T-cell pathology and responsiveness to glucocorticosteroids. We describe a difficult 6 year course of this rare syndrome in a 10-year-old girl. Case report Our patient presented with diplopia, spastic paraparesis, and unsteady gait. MRI showed characteristic punctate hyper-intensities with enhancement in the brain stem, cerebellar peduncles, and optic chiasm and diffuse nodular enhancement throughout the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. Brain biopsy revealed perivascular inflammatory lesions compatible with CLIPPERS. Pulse intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone resulted in significant clinical improvement. She had multiple clinical relapses associated with new brain and/or spinal cord lesions despite sequential maintenance methotrexate and rituximab with low dose steroids. Each relapse responded to pulse steroids. Conclusion Her overall clinical course was progressive but responsive to pulse steroids. Long-term treatment remains challenging.
Patient-relevant outcomes associated with generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: A pilot study

Aim: Patient-reported outcomes associated with adverse events (AEs) reported with generics have not been evaluated. To map AEs associated with generics to the NIH Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Methods: We mapped 381 AEs from 148 case reports of generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine to the physical, mental and social domain of the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System after reviewing 1237 case reports in the US FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS; 2011–2013). Results: 75%, 76% and 71% reports were classified under the physical domain for tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine, while 9%, 9% and 18% reports were classified under the mental domain, respectively. Conclusion: FAERS reveals several domains of patient-relevant concerns associated with generic drugs.
Evaluation of Aerial Applications of Acephate and Other Insecticides for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Southern Pine Seed Orchards

Acephate was evaluated for control of cone and seed insects in southern pine seed orchards from 1980 to 1985. Insecticides compared with acephate during this study were azinphosmethyl, fenvalerate,...
Habitat-specific impacts of Hurricane Matthew on a range-expanding species

As range-shifting species colonize new ecosystems, they may experience novel conditions that may alter their ability to mitigate the impacts of periodic disturbances. Here we explore how the impact of Hurricane Matthew on the mangrove tree crab (Aratus pisonii) differed between its historic and colonized habitats. As this species responds to floodwaters by climbing structure, we predicted that structural differences between habitats would generate habitat-dependent impacts. Through field surveys, we found that crabs in the historic mangrove habitat, where tall structure remained unsubmerged, showed no reduction in body size as a result of the hurricane. In contrast, crabs in the colonized saltmarsh ecosystem, where all structure was submerged, exhibited a reduction in body size suggesting that large crabs were disproportionately impacted. Further, crabs found on docks within the saltmarsh exhibited a body size reduction in only one of three sites. Docks are more structurally similar to mangroves and may have provided more microhabitat refuges for large crabs than marsh grasses. Thus, structural differences between habitats appear to have altered the hurricane impact experienced by this species. The ability to mitigate disturbance impacts under novel conditions could contribute to the success of range-shifting species as they colonize new ecosystems.
Lysosome Enlargement Enhanced Photochemotherapy Using a Multifunctional Nanogel.

Large lysosomes are susceptible toward rupture because of an increased membrane tension. Here we report a strategy to first enlarge and weaken the lysosome and then destroy it to boost the efficiency of photochemotherapy using a hyaluronan nanogel, carrying chloroquine as a lysosomal expander, rhodamine B as a photosensitive lysosomal destroyer, and cisplatin as a chemotherapeutic. This all-in-one nanogel provides a facile approach and new insight into improve the photochemotherapy, by making use of lysosome’s size, as a risk factor in lysosomal destabilization.
THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF SELECTED PROTEINS AND POLYPEPTIDES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the amino acid composition of selected proteins and polypeptides. Compositions are reported in various units, not all redundant but not always necessary. Protein structure and function might be studied in terms of the number of amino acid residues of each different kind per molecule. When the molecular weight is not known, or when one wants to compare analyses as they are obtained in terms of sample weight, moles per unit weight is a natural related unit. Summations of analyses in weight percentages of the various residues and of the nitrogen of each constituent as percentage of total nitrogen are important tests of completeness of analysis.
Elementary Particle Physics Today

The search for the ultimate constituents of matter and for the laws by which they combine has a somewhat periodic history, alternating between CHAOS, the discovery of ORDER, and the revelation of a new and confusing level of STRUCTURE. Begin with the chemical elements. Lavoisier was aware of some two dozen of them. Subsequent technical developments (like spectroscopy) led to the discovery and the synthesis of many more. Today, there are 108 known chemical elements, of which some twenty must be artificially produced. The time evolution of the number of known elements has been roughly linear for more than two centuries. Clearly, there are too many different varieties of atoms for them to be regarded as fundamental entities.
Interval-Based Language for Modeling Scheduling Problems: An Extension to Constraint Programming

IBM ILOG CP Optimizer (CPO) provides a scheduling language supported by a robust and efficient automatic search. This paper summes up the major language constructs and shed some lights on their propagations. Among the main constructs it introduces the notion of interval variable which enable reasoning on conditional time-intervals representing activities or tasks that may or may not be executed in the final schedule. In Constraint-Based Scheduling, those problems are usually handled by defining new global constraints over classical integer variables. This dual perspective facilitates an easy modeling process while ensuring a strong constraint propagation and an efficient search in the engine. The approach forms the foundations of the new generation of scheduling model and algorithms provided in CPO. Small examples are provided at the end of the language construct, however at the end of the paper three larger/real life examples recently studied in the scheduling literature are presented along some computational results illustrating both the expressivity of the modeling language and the robustness of the automatic search. Interestingly all three problems can easily be modeled with the language in only a few dozen lines (the complete models are provided) and on average the automatic search outperforms existing problem specific approaches.
Intersection traffic energy management system (ITEMS): formulation and validation

AbstractUrban transportation and traffic face significant challenges as cities continue to grow. Traffic intersections present unique challenges for city planners. Several studies have proposed div...
Hierarchical multi-phase microstructural architecture for exceptional strength-ductility combination in a complex concentrated alloy via high-temperature severe plastic deformation

Abstract Modification of a coarse B2 phase and realization of hierarchical multi-phase microstructures were achieved in an Al0.5CrFeCoNi complex concentrated alloy (CCA) using high-temperature severe plastic deformation (HTSPD). Under HTSPD conditions, a thermodynamically stable B2 phase dissolved, while a thermodynamically unstable coarse Al3Ni phase formed. Al supersaturation in the matrix after HTSPD led to the formation of fine B2 precipitates during the subsequent aging treatment. The combination of Al3Ni for enhanced work hardening and fine B2 precipitates for strength resulted in excellent strength-ductility of 1400 MPa and 20%.
A 12-Bit 31.1UW 1MS/S SAR ADC with On-Chip Input-Signal-Independent Calibration Achieving 100.4DB SFDR Using 256FF Sampling Capacitance

A 12-bit 31.1uW 1MS/s SAR ADC with on-chip input-signal-independent calibration achieving 100.4dB SFDR is presented. The proposed calibration overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional split-ADC calibration while obtaining very fast convergence. The calibration only needs one ADC and is input signal independent. Three techniques are proposed to help achieve this, including shuffling of mismatched MSB capacitors. Silicon results fully validated the design and show 16-bit linearity with only 256fF total sampling capacitance.
Frequency Agile Photonic Front-End for Wideband Transmission and Reception

We have developed and tested a 0–45 GHz frequency agile photonic front-end for up- and down-conversion of signals with >800 MHz instantaneous bandwidth, <1 us switching speed, and low end-to-end latency. The 3U OpenVPX system has been tested in a TRL6 demonstration.
“Get over it and move on”: The impact of mental illness stigma in rural, low-income United States populations

Abstract Understanding the stigma associated with mental health concerns is essential to increasing utilization of mental health services in rural, economically deprived communities. This research study examined mental illness stigma in a sample of rural, low-income mental healthcare consumers and explored preferred attributes in mental healthcare providers that may help combat stigma. Qualitative methodology using a qualitative content analysis approach was used to reach an understanding of the subjective experiences of 53 (N = 53) rural, low-income persons who received mental health treatment. In regards to views that my cause stigma, the themes Faking and Pretending; Get Over It!; and God is all you Need were identified. The theme Fear and Shame was identified in relation to how participants perceived their experiences with a mental illness. Regarding the possible negative consequences of seeking help for mental health concerns, the theme Negative Judgement and Perceived as Weak was identified. Finally, the most noted preferred attribute in a mental health provider was to be Nonjudgmental and an Active Listener. The results suggest that the influence of stigma, mental health literacy, how to treat a mental health concern, and help-seeking behaviors are distinctive in rural, low-income populations. Implications for mental health counseling and research are discussed.
Oral Milrinone for the Treatment of Right Ventricular Failure in LVAD Patients

Purpose Early and late right ventricular failure (RVF) are major complications during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. Therapies to treat RVF are limited, leading to significant morbidity and increased mortality. Intravenous inotropes are a therapy for severe, persistent cases of RVF, but long-term use carries significant risks of infection and thrombosis associated with venous access. CRD-102 is a novel, extended-release form of oral milrinone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of CRD-102 in LVAD patients with chronic RVF. Methods This is a Phase IIa, non-randomized, open-label study of CRD-102. Patients were eligible if they had a durable LVAD for more than 30 days, evidence of right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and a right atrial pressure ≥ 12 mmHg. Patients with ongoing ventricular arrhythmias or uncontrolled atrial fibrillation were excluded. Hemodynamics, echocardiographic measures, ICD interrogation and biomarkers were measured before and during a 2-week period of treatment with CRD-102. Results Six patients were enrolled with mean age 64 ± 10 years, 4 male. The average duration of LVAD support was 5.0 ± 2.3 years. At baseline, mean tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was 9.9 ± 1.3 mm, right atrial pressure was 16 ± 4 mmHg and pulmonary artery pulsatility index was 1.0 ± 0.4. Five patients completed the study and had no ventricular arrhythmias or increased incidence of atrial arrhythmias during the study period (ICD interrogation). One patient stopped study medication after an ICD shock due to ventricular fibrillation while potassium level was 2.8 mmol/L. There were no other adverse events related to therapy. During treatment, cardiac output significantly improved (5.0 ± 1.3 to 6.4 ± 1.7 L/min, p=0.008) while other hemodynamic parameters were unchanged. NT-proBNP numerically improved during the therapy, but did not reach statistical significance (1570 ± 902 to 1068 ± 390 pg/mL, p=0.3). Patient-reported quality of life improved during support. Conclusion Extended-release oral milrinone has an acceptable safety profile. Further studies are warranted to investigate the efficacy of this therapy for chronic RVF in LVAD patients.
Abstract TP224: Interleukin-37 Level is Elevated in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a new member of IL-1 cytokine family with a defined role as a negative feedback inhibitor of pro-inflammatory responses. IL-37 has yet to be evaluated in non-i...
Urinary tract infections in adults.

Urinary tract infections remain a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups. Recent studies have helped to better define the population groups at risk for these infections, as well as the most cost-effective management strategies. Initially, a urinary tract infection should be categorized as complicated or uncomplicated. Further categorization of the infection by clinical syndrome and by host (i.e., acute cystitis in young women, acute pyelonephritis, catheter-related infection, infection in men, asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly) helps the physician determine the appropriate diagnostic and management strategies. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by a predictable group of susceptible organisms. These infections can be empirically treated without the need for urine cultures. The most effective therapy for an uncomplicated infection is a three-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Complicated infections are diagnosed by quantitative urine cultures and require a more prolonged course of therapy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria rarely requires treatment and is not associated with increased morbidity in elderly patients.
P186 SNAP-Ed Study Finds Differences in Nutrition and Physical Activity Behavior of English Versus Spanish Speakers Before Education

Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) encourages healthy nutrition and physical activity (PA) behaviors for SNAP eligible adults. In Arizona, one way the AZ Health Zone SNAP-Ed program promotes behavior change is through direct education classes. While it might be presumed that SNAP-Ed participants enter classes with similar behaviors, we found that baseline behaviors differed between English and Spanish speaking cohorts. Objective To describe differences in nutrition and PA behaviors before education between English and Spanish-speaking SNAP-Ed participants in Arizona. Study Design, Settings, Participants The AZ Health Zone used two validated surveys to measure baseline nutrition and PA behaviors among184 adults in eight Arizona counties between October 1, 2017—September 30, 2018. Sixty adults completed the surveys in English; 124 completed them in Spanish. Adults were surveyed before direct education classes at sites such as schools, libraries, family shelters, and senior centers. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Surveys included 16 nutrition questions and 20 PA questions. Depending upon data type, we used t-tests (PA data), Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (nutrition - Likert data) and Chi-square tests (nutrition - binary data) to compare responses between language groups. Results For nutrition behaviors, we found that Spanish speakers drank more milk (P Conclusion Significant differences were found between SNAP-eligible English and Spanish speakers in Arizona before participating in direct education. Spanish speakers showed healthier behaviors but greater food insecurity. More evaluation is warranted to see if this finding is replicable, and to explore the underlying reasons for the observed differences.
Impaired force control contributes to car steering dysfunction in chronic stroke.

Purpose: Precise control of a car steering wheel requires adequate motor capability. Deficits in grip strength and force control after stroke could influence the ability steer a car. Our study aime...
Catastrophic Failure of a MiniHip Femoral Stem: A Case Report.

Case The patient is a 63-year-old man who previously underwent a right total hip arthroplasty with the Corin MiniHip femoral stem. Within the first few months postoperatively, he had a fall that resulted in subsidence of his femoral prosthesis and subsequent revision shortly thereafter with a 10-mm skirted cobalt chrome femoral head. Eight years after the index procedure, the patient heard a crack and then collapsed while putting on bicycle shorts. Workup demonstrated a fracture of the stem at the base of the neck of the implant. Femoral stem revision with a diaphyseal engaging, modular implant, and dual mobility hip construct was performed. Conclusion Atraumatic catastrophic failure of the femoral stem implant may be associated with long skirted femoral heads that create excessive bending moments on the stem and revision surgery.
The effects of serotonin degradation on psychopathology: role of monoamine oxidase

Abstract Ample evidence has shown that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) orchestrates socio-affective reactivity, and the regulation of its neurotransmission is critical for a broad range of behavioral functions. One of the most important processes for the control of 5-HT function is based on its metabolism, which is primarily served by the mitochondrial-bound flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). The two members of the MAO family, A and B, also catalyze the degradation of other substrates, including catecholamines and most trace amines. Despite their high degree of similarity, MAO A and B markedly differ by substrate preference and anatomical distribution. MAO A has the highest affinity and selectivity for 5-HT and converts it into 5-hydroxy-3-indolacetaldehyde (5-HIAAL), which is further processed into 5-hydroxy-3-indolacetic acid (5-HIAA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Genetic variations of the MAOA gene have been extensively associated with a broad spectrum of psychopathological outcomes, ranging from antisocial conduct to mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. This chapter reviews the evidence on the associations between MAOA genetic variants and psychopathology and indicates how this evidence may provide important information on the role of 5-HTergic neurotransmission in a broad range of psychiatric disorders.
Simulation-Based Training for Post-graduate Interprofessional Learners

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a requirement for post-graduate learners. Many programs have used simulation-based training to fulfill this requirement and to improve patient care. This chapter reviews specific examples of simulation-based IPE to inform the development of curricula; focusing on challenges, resources for implementation, and tools to quantify the impact of IPE.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Detect Diagnostic Glycopeptide Markers of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), an increasingly recognized group of diseases that affect glycosylation, comprise the largest known subgroup of approximately 100 responsible genes related to N-glycosylation. This subgroup presents various molecular abnormalities, of either the CDG-I or the CDG-II type, attributable to a lack of glycans or abnormal glycoform profiles, respectively. The most effective approach to identifying these N-glycosylation disorders is mass spectrometry (MS) using either released glycans, intact glycoproteins or proteolytic peptides as analytes. Among these, MS of tryptic peptides derived from transferrin can be used to reliably identify signature peptides that are characteristic of CDG-I and II. In the present study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS was applied to various N-glycosylation disorders including ALG1-CDG, B4GALT1-CDG, SLC35A2-CDG, ATP6V0A2-CDG, TRAPPC11-CDG and MAN1B1-CDG. This method does not require the prior enrichment of glycopeptides or chromatographic separation, and thus serves as a practical alternative to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization MS. The signature peptides are biomarkers of CDG.
In vivo effect of human erythroid-potentiating activity on hematopoiesis in mice

Endotoxin-free purified recombinant human erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA) was administered to normal and bled mice. In anemic ICR mice EPA treatment led to a significant increase in the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and erythroid precursors in the spleen. Stimulation of CFU-E and BFU-E in the spleen was also observed in C3H/HEJ mice, which excluded the possibility of endotoxin effect. Unchanged, 51Cr-tagged red cell survival and lack of radioactivity in the stool or urine suggests that the EPA stimulation of erythropoiesis was not due to hemolysis or bleeding. Thus, EPA has an effect on erythropoiesis in anemic mice in vivo.
Laboratory confirmed massive donepezil ingestion

Abstract A 67-year-old man with dementia presented to an emergency department 1 hour after ingesting 290 mg of donepezil in a suicide attempt. He had headache, nausea, and diaphoresis. Initial EKG was normal but bradycardia developed with a nadir of 50 bpm 5 hours from his ingestion. His blood pressure remained normal throughout. He never received atropine. His hospitalization was prolonged and he was discharged to a long-term care facility after a 40-day hospitalization complicated by delirium and ileus. Serial serum donepezil levels were obtained demonstrating a level of 240 ng/mL 1 hour after ingestion and 8.9 ng/mL 10 days after admission.
MEDIATING PRECARITY THROUGH MOBILE APPS

This panel analyzes the use of mobile apps to mediate experiences of precarity—that is threats to life and livelihood itself. While we acknowledge that mobile apps offer opportunities to form networks of resistance, many apps also pose substantial risks to users. To begin to articulate these risks, the presentations in this panel consider case studies of several apps targeted at mediating experiences of precarity. First, we offer an analysis of “safety-oriented mobility” apps, which help users to avoid location-specific instances of harassment and violence. This presentation argues that that these apps can reinforce harmful homogeneity in spaces, enable surveillance of marginalized populations, and provide a false sense of security to users. Following this, we examine apps that have responded to intimate partner violence. In this presentation, we suggest that these mobile apps do very little to protect their users from harm and, instead, provide a short-term distraction from underlying issues. Finally, we look to LBGTQ+ apps aimed at finding romantic partners or coordinating sexual encounters through location sharing. In this presentation, we suggest that these apps pose risks of unwanted exposure and discrimination, particularly due to an uptick in data breaches and leaks. We conclude this panel by offering a collective statement that argues for systemic intervention addressing the inequalities within society but, until that time comes, we argue for measures that secure these mobile apps (and the data contained therein) and protect their users.
County-Level Social Distancing and Policy Impact in the United States: A Dynamical Systems Model

Background: Social distancing and public policy have been crucial for minimizing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. Publicly available, county-level time series data on mobility are derived from individual devices with global positioning systems, providing a variety of indices of social distancing behavior per day. Such indices allow a fine-grained approach to modeling public behavior during the pandemic. Previous studies of social distancing and policy have not accounted for the occurrence of pre-policy social distancing and other dynamics reflected in the long-term trajectories of public mobility data. Objective: We propose a differential equation state-space model of county-level social distancing that accounts for distancing behavior leading up to the first official policies, equilibrium dynamics reflected in the long-term trajectories of mobility, and the specific impacts of four kinds of policy. The model is fit to each US county individually, producing a nationwide data set of novel estimated mobility indices. Methods: A differential equation model was fit to three indicators of mobility for each of 3054 counties, with T=100 occasions per county of the following: distance traveled, visitations to key sites, and the log number of interpersonal encounters. The indicators were highly correlated and assumed to share common underlying latent trajectory, dynamics, and responses to policy. Maximum likelihood estimation with the Kalman-Bucy filter was used to estimate the model parameters. Bivariate distributional plots and descriptive statistics were used to examine the resulting county-level parameter estimates. The association of chronology with policy impact was also considered. Results: Mobility dynamics show moderate correlations with two census covariates: population density (Spearman r ranging from 0.11 to 0.31) and median household income (Spearman r ranging from –0.03 to 0.39). Stay-at-home order effects were negatively correlated with both (r=–0.37 and r=–0.38, respectively), while the effects of the ban on all gatherings were positively correlated with both (r=0.51, r=0.39). Chronological ordering of policies was a moderate to strong determinant of their effect per county (Spearman r ranging from –0.12 to –0.56), with earlier policies accounting for most of the change in mobility, and later policies having little or no additional effect. Conclusions: Chronological ordering, population density, and median household income were all associated with policy impact. The stay-at-home order and the ban on gatherings had the largest impacts on mobility on average. The model is implemented in a graphical online app for exploring county-level statistics and running counterfactual simulations. Future studies can incorporate the model-derived indices of social distancing and policy impacts as important social determinants of COVID-19 health outcomes.
The Role of Corporate Governance

I discussed about the corporate importance and discussed the corporate culture and governance in various countries and impact on Business entities.
Enabling Listening Suspension in the Time Slotted Channel Hopping Protocol

Time slotted channel hopping provides reliable and deterministic communication in IEEE 802.15.4 mesh networks. Although slotted access is able to lower energy consumption drastically by reducing the duty cycle of the radio module, it usually leads to significant idle listening experienced by receivers, which makes it a sub-optimal solution when ultra low-power wireless is sought for.In this paper a listening suspension mechanism is described, which operates at the MAC layer and is part of a more general approach aimed at cutting down energy consumption by proactively reducing idle listening. Links can be temporarily disabled, that convey slow-rate data streams whose characteristics, e.g., the generation period, are either known in advance to some extent or can be inferred by traffic inspection.
How many skin barriers haveth we: Percutaneous egression of ions?

Introduction Skin provides critical barrier properties that enable terrestrial life. Myriad research has focused on the "water barrier" to transepidermal water loss (TEWL) despite there being a multitude of skin barrier properties. We asked what other barrier properties may have been overlooked and compiled data demonstrating the "electrolyte barrier" to be of potential clinical relevance. Methods A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for the following keywords: "transepidermal" or "epidermal" or "cutaneous" or "skin" or "percutaneous" and "ion" or "sodium" or "chloride" or "potassium" or "electrolyte" and "flux" or "egression." Textbooks at the University of California, San Francisco were also hand reviewed. Experimental studies quantifying in vivo or ex vivo percutaneous egression of ions in response to human skin barrier perturbation were included. Results Experimental damage to skin, mostly by tape-stripping, frequently induced increased ion flux rates through the epidermis, in addition to increases in TEWL values. Interestingly, barrier perturbation did not always result in a concomitant rise in TEWL and transepidermal ion flux rates, such as in delipidization, indicating a distinction between the two barriers. Conclusion Quantifying the percutaneous egression of ions in response to physical or chemical alterations may offer additional data that are not to be captured with TEWL studies exclusively. Continued efforts should be made to: (1) advance this technique as a method of assessing skin status and (2) enhance our understanding of other barriers and mechanisms.
Government Policies to Improve Intertemporal Allocation of Water in Regions with Drainage Problems

Environmental degradation caused by current agricultural production can reduce future productivity. The generation and disposal of irrigation drainwater is an important example of this phenomenon. In this chapter, the authors model the environment’s ability to absorb the polluting drainwater as exhaustible and argue that competitive farmers have every incentive to treat it like a common property resource. If such is the case, then competitive farmers use more irrigation water and generate more drainage than is socially optimal, causing production to end sooner than is optimal. A tax on drainage may be used to encourage adoption of efficient irrigation technologies, reduce drainage, and maintain a relatively high rate of production for a longer period. Whenever feasible, the development of costly drainage disposal schemes may also be used to prolong production; but this should not be expected to overcome the problem of exhaustibility or the need for policy intervention. Data from the San Joaquin Valley of California is used to show that the losses due to competitive inefficiency may be considerable, and a water-pricing strategy for correcting the problem is computed.
A genetic algorithm for traffic grooming in all-optical mesh networks

Rapid advances in the world of high-speed optical network and high-speed electronic routing has led to consideration of advanced models such as genetic algorithms (GAs). GAs have proved to be a practical and robust optimization and search tool for network design. However, a GA is not generally employed in traffic grooming over mesh networks. In this paper, we propose a new GA model to handle the traffic grooming problem in an all-optical WDM mesh network. The new model extends classical GAs with heuristic approach to support network cost optimization for combining multiple traffic streams into a single lightpath. In addition, to support our new GA model, we have developed a set of new investigation including position-based bit matrix encoding, genetic heuristic operators, and fitness evaluation function using the clustering method. The experimental results show that our GA model is superior to traditional heuristic approaches for the 5, 6 and 14-node benchmark networks.