cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food manipulation in honeybees induces physiological responses at the individual and colony level

Apis mellifera experiences large population declines in the USA and honeybee health is affected by many, potentially interacting factors that need to be addressed through a variety of approaches. In this context, we evaluated the impact of nutritional manipulations on worker physiology and colony demography. Specifically, we manipulated protein availability by feeding colonies on royal jelly, low-quality pollen, or regular pollen stores. After acclimation to these treatments, experimental cohorts of workers were introduced and later assessed with regards to life expectancy, protein content, and intestinal stem cell proliferation. We also monitored their hives for the amount of workers, brood, and pollen trapped in front of the hive entrances. Workers that fed on royal jelly showed a reduced rate of intestinal stem cell proliferation at nurse bee age. Total soluble protein content of individuals and adult worker lifespan were not systematically affected. However, we cannot exclude an auxiliary role of poor nutrition to declining bee health by weakening the intestinal epithelium. In contrast to the weak experimental effects on individual variables, the brood production differed drastically among the experimental hives. Although not yet replicated, this observation might indicate that hive demographic plasticity rather than individual plasticity is important for acclimation to different food regimes.
Menthol Preference Among Smokers: Association With TRPA1 Variants

Introduction: Preference for smoking menthol cigarettes differs from individual to individual and population to population in ways that may provide higher levels of nicotine intake and contribute to smoking’s morbidity and mortality. Menthol acts at sites that include the transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 channel that is expressed by nociceptors in the lung and airways, suggesting that individual and population differences in TRPA1 sequences might contribute to observed differences in menthol preference among smokers.
ESCAPE: A Channel Evacuation Protocol for Spectrum-Agile Networks

Preliminary studies and general observations reveal a significant amount of "white space" in radio spectrum that varies in frequency, time, and geographic locations. Driven by regulatory initiatives and radio technologies advances, opportunistic usage of the white space can potentially relieve the current spectral crunch. In this paper, we consider a scenario in which secondary users can opportunistically access unused spectrum vacated by idle primaries. In such a spectrum-agile system, a critical and unique issue is the fast and reliable evacuation of secondary users upon the return of primary users. To address this need, we propose an in-band signaling scheme, named ESCAPE. We present the basic design of the ESCAPE protocol in physical, MAC, and routing layers. The proposed scheme is distributed, reliable, and places minimum extra requirements on the spectrum-agile user transceivers.
Postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after dural puncture and epidural blood patch.

n 18-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Deartment (ED) with a chief complaint of headache. Eleven ays before presentation she underwent a caesarian section ith epidural anesthesia. The epidural catheter placement as problematic, according to the patient, and required ultiple attempts. Shortly after delivery, the patient develped a headache, which was described as generalized and ild. She recounted that early on there was a postural omponent to the headache. The headache became progresively worse, however, prompting the patient to present to nother ED on postoperative day 8. At that visit she was iagnosed as having a post-dural puncture headache and n epidural blood patch was placed in an attempt to elieve her symptoms. She was subsequently discharged o home with a prescription for a narcotic analgesic. The patient reported that the blood patch and oxyodone did not help, and that the headache was still resent. She described the quality as dull and throbbing nd unlike any previous headaches. She described the ocation as in the occipital region and stated that the haracter of the headache had changed somewhat since he administration of the blood patch, such that there was o longer any postural component. She denied having ny fevers, vomiting, neck stiffness, or photophobia. On physical examination the young woman appeared ncomfortable but was in no acute distress. She was febrile with normal vital signs. The head was without
An Optical Investigation of Oxide Films on Metals

Observations were made on the ellipticity resulting when plane-polarized light was reflected from iron and nickel surfaces covered with oxide films continuously increasing in thickness through the temper-color range. It was found that the results could be interpreted by the assumption of multiple reflections occurring within the film. The method permits a determination of the thickness and average optical properties of the film and may apparently be applied to the accurate measurement of the rate of formation of a film of any composition on a metal surface through the temper-color range. The index of refraction of the film on iron was found to be complex and to have the value 2.13–i.41. The optical constants of pure iron were also found to vary with temperature in such a manner that n in the expression n(1−ix) increased with increasing temperature, while x decreased. It is further shown that the assumption of multiple reflections within the film gives the same results for thin films as the Drude transition layer theory.
Invasion of Human Tissue Ex Vivo by Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is an etiological agent of Lyme disease. The lack of an adequate ex vivo system for human tissue infection is an obstacle to fully understanding the molecular mechanisms of invasion of tissue by B. burgdorferi and its adaptation within the human host. Here, we report on the development of such a system. We inoculated blocks of human tonsillar tissue with B. burgdorferi spirochetes, cultured them in a low-shear rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, and analyzed them using light and electron microscopy, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative real-time PCR. Also, we evaluated the expression of the outer surface proteins (Osps) OspA and OspC by use of quantitative Western blotting. Light and electron microscopic analysis revealed multiple spirochetes localized extracellularly within the tissue, and their identity was confirmed by PCR. Quantification of spirochetes inside the RWV-cultured tonsillar tissue demonstrated that the number of B. burgdorferi exceeded the initial inoculum by an order of magnitude, indicating that spirochetes replicated in the tissue. Electron microscopic analysis showed that some spirochetes were arranged in cystic structures and that invading spirochetes differentially expressed surface proteins; both of these features have been described for infected tissues in vivo. The system we have developed can be used to study B. burgdorferi pathogenesis under controlled conditions ex vivo, in particular to explore the gene activation responsible for the adaptation of B. burgdorferi to human tissue that leads to Lyme disease.
Propulsive forces in keratocyte migration

To move forward, migrating cells pull rearward against extracellular matrix and exert traction forces. To elucidate the mechanism of traction force generation in keratocytes, the authors have measured the forces generated against ECM contacts on both the ventral and the dorsal surfaces of the lamella. They used a micromachined substrate to measure forces on the ventral surface and an optical gradient trap to measure forces on the dorsal surface. Both methods determined comparable forces per unit area that were rearward in the front of the lamella, increasing toward the perinuclear region, and eventually changing direction. The rearward traction forces generated throughout the lamella suggest that myosin condensation at the cell body boundary pulls the lamella actin network rearward and pushes the cell body forward.
Role of the Accessory Gene Regulator agr in Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenesis

The molecular basis underlying the pathogenic success of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is not completely understood, but differential gene expression has been suggested to account at least in part for the high virulence of CA-MRSA strains. Here, we show that the agr gene regulatory system has a crucial role in the development of skin infections in the most prevalent CA-MRSA strain USA300. Importantly, our data indicate that this is due to discrepancies between the agr regulon of CA-MRSA and those of hospital-associated MRSA and laboratory strains. In particular, agr regulation in strain USA300 led to exceptionally strong expression of toxins and exoenzymes, upregulation of fibrinogen-binding proteins, increased capacity to bind fibrinogen, and increased expression of methicillin resistance genes. Our findings demonstrate that agr functionality is critical for CA-MRSA disease and indicate that an adaptation of the agr regulon contributed to the evolution of highly pathogenic CA-MRSA.
Comparison of Growth, Body Composition, and Stress Responses of USDA103, USDA403, Industry, and Fast Growing Lines of Channel Catfish

Production traits such as growth, feed efficiency, survival, and fillet yield are economically important traits and an improvement in one or more of these traits will benefit the U.S. catfish farming industry. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 103 line of channel catfish was developed jointly between the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Catfish Genetics Research Unit, Stoneville, Mississippi, and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center (NWAC), Stoneville. The USDA103 line of catfish (also referred to as the NWAC103 line) is being selected for increased growth, fillet yield, and resistance to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and being compared with other genetic groups of catfish having potential commercial use. The USDA103 strain was developed from broodfish obtained in 1992 from the Uvalde National Fish Hatchery, Uvalde, Texas, USA. Many studies have compared growth rates of the USDA103 with other strains of channel catfish and have found that the USDA103 channel catfish exhibit superior growth characteristics (Silverstein et al. 1999; Wolters et al. 2000; Li et al. 2001; Jackson et al. 2003; Bosworth et al. 2004a; Peterson and Small 2006). The faster growth of the USDA103 strain of channel catfish is typically attributed to their ability to consume more feed (Li et al. 2001). The USDA103 strain has been selected for two generations for improved growth, fillet
A Scalable Distributed Multimedia Knowledge Retrieval System on a Cluster of Heterogeneous High Performance Architectures

This paper describes a system to distribute and retrieve multimedia knowledge on a cluster of heterogeneous high performance architectures distributed over the Internet. The knowledge is represented using facts and rules in an associative logic-programming model. Associative computation facilitates distribution of facts and rules, and exploits coarse grain data parallel computation. Associative logic programming uses a flat data model that can be easily mapped onto heterogeneous architectures. The paper describes an abstract instruction set for the distributed version of the associative logic programming and the corresponding implementation. The implementation uses a message-passing library for architecture independence within a cluster, uses object oriented programming for modularity and portability, and uses Java as a front-end interface to provide a graphical user interface and multimedia capability and remote a ccess via the Internet. The performance results on a cluster of IBM RS 6000 workstations are presented. The results show that distribution of data improves the performance almost linearly for small number of processors in a cluster.
Sequencing deficits in subjects with developmental dyspraxia and adult onset apraxia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the performance of children with developmental dyspraxia and adults with apraxia to learn and retain two sequencing tasks. Study design: Three groups of subjects with dyspraxia and apraxia (children and young adults with both dyspraxia and learning disabilities and older adults with apraxia and left hemisphere strokes) and three groups of age-matched control subjects learned one-handed shoe tying and a hand sequence task. Retention was assessed after a 5-min delay. Performance was scored as the number of trials needed to perform each task and the types of errors that were made. Results: For both the tasks, the control groups performed better than the groups with dyspraxia/apraxia and performance during the retention trials was better than performance during the learning trials. On the hand sequence task, the children and young adult groups performed better than the older adult groups. Conclusions: Subjects with dyspraxia and apraxia have difficulty with similar sequencing tasks. However, the poorer performance by the older adult group with apraxia suggests that the underlying mechanisms for sequencing may be different for apraxia than for dyspraxia. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
Methanol Oxidation on Single‐Phase Pt‐Ru‐Os Ternary Alloys

Methanol oxidation was studied on arc-melted Pt-Ru-Os alloys and on fuel cell catalysts prepared by the NaBH{sub 4} reduction of metal chloride salts. Both the arc-melted alloys and the high surface area catalysts have x-ray diffraction patterns indicative of single-phase face-centered cubic lattices. Hydrogen adsorption/desorption measurements on the polished alloy electrodes, in the presence of adsorbed CO (25 C), show that selected ternary alloys have significant hydrogen adsorption/desorption integrals at adsorption potentials where Pt:Ru (1:1) was fully blocked and higher integrals at all adsorption potentials studied up to 400 mV vs. the reference hydrogen electrode. In situ diffuse reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the fuel cell anodes showed that the alloy catalysts had reduced CO coverage relative to Pt, with the ternary catalyst showing the least coverage. Steady-state voltammetry of the arc-melted alloys at 25 C confirmed that Pt-Ru-Os (65:25:10) is more active than Pt-Ru (1:1), particularly above 0.6 V. Pt-Ru-Os (65:25:10) methanol fuel cell performance curves were consistently superior to those of Pt-Ru (1:1) (e.g., typically at 90 C, 0.4 V; 340 mA/cm{sup 2} with Pt-Ru-Os vs. 260 mA/cm{sup 2} with Pt-Ru).
A Free-Standing Homing Endonuclease Targets an Intron Insertion Site in the psbA Gene of Cyanophages

Homing endonuclease genes are mobile elements that promote their duplication into cognate sites that lack the endonuclease gene [1, 2]. The homing endonuclease initiates this event through site-specific DNA cleavage. Copying of the endonuclease gene follows as a consequence of DNA repair. A genome containing a homing endonuclease gene is subject to self-cleavage. Protection is accomplished through DNA sequence polymorphisms, as is the case in intronless homing of free-standing endonuclease genes [3, 4], or by disruption of the recognition site by a group I intron (or intein) into which the endonuclease ORF is embedded. We describe here a novel free-standing homing endonuclease from cyanobacteriophage S-PM2, which is similar to the DNA resolvase of bacteriophage T4 and is encoded adjacent to an intron-containing psbA gene [5, 6]. The endonuclease makes a specific double-strand cut near the intron insertion site (IIS), its DNA recognition site spans the IIS, and it is unable to cleave intron-containing psbA genes. This interdependence of a free-standing endonuclease gene and a group I intron, which we denote "collaborative homing," has not been reported previously and gives support to a hypothesis of formation of composite mobile introns by independent convergence of an intron and an endonuclease gene on the same target sequence.
Assembly language implications of single and multiple inheritance

We present here an explanation for the underlying efficiency of derived classes in C++ and subclasses in Java, and for the multiple inheritance rules of these languages, by reference to base-displacement addressing in machine language. We argue that this deeper understanding of these concepts has not been presented recently to most computer science students because they have not been required to learn assembly language. It is hoped that our presentation will also be of use to college faculty members who have not considered derived classes or subclasses from an assembly language viewpoint.
Feature and decision level fusion using multiple kernel learning and fuzzy integrals

Kernel methods for classification is a well-studied area in which data are implicitly mapped from a lower-dimensional space to a higher-dimensional space to improve classification accuracy. However, for most kernel methods, one must still choose a kernel to use for the problem. Since there is, in general, no way of knowing which kernel is the best, multiple kernel learning (MKL) is a technique used to learn the aggregation of a set of valid kernels into a single (ideally) superior kernel. The aggregation can be done using weighted sums of the pre-computed kernels, but determining the summation weights is not a trivial task. A popular and successful approach to this problem is MKL-group lasso (MKLGL), where the weights and classification surface are simultaneously solved by iteratively optimizing a min-max optimization until convergence. In this work, we propose an l p -normed genetic algorithm MKL (GAMKL p ), which uses a genetic algorithm to learn the weights of a set of pre-computed kernel matrices for use with MKL classification. We prove that this approach is equivalent to a previously proposed fuzzy integral aggregation of multiple kernels called fuzzy integral: genetic algorithm (FIGA). A second algorithm, which we call decision-level fuzzy integral MKL (DeFIMKL), is also proposed, where a fuzzy measure with respect to the fuzzy Choquet integral is learned via quadratic programming, and the decision value—viz., the class label—is computed using the fuzzy Choquet integral aggregation. Experiments on several benchmark data sets show that our proposed algorithms can outperform MKLGL when applied to support vector machine (SVM)-based classification.
“There Was No Spartacus Here”: Norma Montoya and Art as Abeyance in the Estrada Courts Mural Program

The social processes that link collective art making to social movement activism enable community-based art making to serve as a key mechanism for art-based community making. Chicana/o mural art has been an important register of ordinary people’s self-active creativity, of their determination to create new democratic social spaces and new social identities capable of effecting social change based on egalitarian principles. When they are not painting on walls, mural artists hold various jobs and fulfill diverse roles as teachers, community organizers, and unofficial archivists. They do their work in solidarity with all aggrieved groups, especially young people who confront unfavorable material conditions in their neighborhoods. The collective mural-making practices of artists in the Chicana/o mural movement throughout the US Southwest during the 1970s offer an important focal point for understanding the practice and promise of intergenerational transfers of knowledge, collective art making, and self-active creativity not directly controlled by powerful institutions and social groups.
Voter Expectations: Do Voters Become Desensitized to Scandals Involving More than One Public Official?

Why are some politicians negatively evaluated over political scandals while others are not? I use a theory that draws heavily from literatures of candidate evaluations and expectations, and allocation of responsibility to explain why some public officials are negatively evaluated for political scandals while others are not. I argue that to understand how a voter responds to a scandal, we must understand the expectations she (or he) has of her or his representative. In addition, negative evaluations of public officials are not simply a function of political leaders violating social norms, but rather their failure to meet the voter’s expectations. I use laboratory based experiments to test if individual voter expectations differ for candidates associated with political scandals involving more than one public figure (joint scandals) than for scandals involving only one public figure (individual scandals). I predict that individual voters will negatively evaluate public officials involved in individual scandals more than joint scandals.
Beliefs About AIDS Among Entering College Students

Data collected from 2,461 entering College students show that most students understand the risk of having multiple sexual partners and the value of abstinence and condoms in lowering the risk of infection. However, too few students understand how HIV is transmitted and how it affects the body. Data presented also suggest that in addition to providing educational programs for students, health educators should include academic advisors and counseling services personnel in their attempts to inform students. Relations among demographic characteristics of entering students and beliefs about AIDS were inconsequential and do not indicate the need for special AIDS education programs for subgroups of College freshmen.
Dictyostelium LvsB has a regulatory role in endosomal vesicle fusion

Defects in human lysosomal-trafficking regulator (Lyst) are associated with the lysosomal disorder Chediak–Higashi syndrome. The absence of Lyst results in the formation of enlarged lysosome-related compartments, but the mechanism for how these compartments arise is not well established. Two opposing models have been proposed to explain Lyst function. The fission model describes Lyst as a positive regulator of fission from lysosomal compartments, whereas the fusion model identifies Lyst as a negative regulator of fusion between lysosomal vesicles. Here, we used assays that can distinguish between defects in vesicle fusion versus fission. We compared the phenotype of Dictyostelium discoideum cells defective in LvsB, the ortholog of Lyst, with that of two known fission defect mutants (μ3- and WASH-null mutants). We found that the temporal localization characteristics of the post-lysosomal marker vacuolin, as well as vesicular acidity and the fusion dynamics of LvsB-null cells are distinct from those of both μ3- and WASH-null fission defect mutants. These distinctions are predicted by the fusion defect model and implicate LvsB as a negative regulator of vesicle fusion.
Mineralization of the stylohyoid-stylomandibular ligament complex. A radiographic incidence study

In this Veterans Administration-based study, 1,771 oral panoramic radiographs were reviewed to detect abnormalities in the styloid process, stylohyoid-stylomandibular ligament complex. Three hundred twenty-three (18.2 percent) of the radiographs revealed mineralization in these areas which varied from an apparent elongation of the styloid process to extensive involvement of the entire ligament complex with segmentation, nodularity, and the development of jointlike structures. Mineralization was unilateral in 12.4 percent of patients and was observed more commonly in patients 50 to 59 years of age. No relationship could be established between the extent of mineralization and increasing patient age. This study suggests that mineralization of the stylohyoid complex is not uncommon and probably only rarely causes symptoms.
Freezing Transitions of Nanoconfined Coarse-Grained Water Show Subtle Dependence on Confining Environment

The solid-to-liquid phase transition in water nanofilms confined between plates, with varying separations and water-plate interactions ranging from strongly hydrophobic to strongly hydrophilic, was simulated using a coarse-grained monatomic water model (mW) and the generalized replica exchange method (gREM). Extensive gREM simulations combined with the statistical temperature weighted histogram analysis method (ST-WHAM) provide a detailed description of the thermodynamic properties intrinsic to the phase transition, including the transition temperature, isobaric heat capacity, phase change enthalpy, entropy, and their dependence on the interplate distance and the plate-water interaction. The ice structure of water nanofilms was characterized at various conditions using the transverse density profile and the distribution of angles formed by hydrogen-bonded neighboring molecules. Flat bilayer ice was observed to be the dominant solid phase at close interplate distance, while puckered bilayer ice, similar to a slab of ice Ih, is the predominant structure at larger interplates. Stable puckered bilayer ice, previously observed to have a low melting point, is observed to have enhanced stability with high melting temperature when confined between hydrophilic plates. These results demonstrate the strong dependence of phase stability and coexistence in nanoconfined systems on the geometry and physical properties of the confining environment.
Measurable Functions with a Given Set of Integrability Exponents

AbstractGiven a measure space (Ω, A, μ), it is well known that for every A-measurable function f : Ω → ℝ the set e(f) = {p ∈ (0 + ∞): ∈ Lp(μ)} is always an interval, possibly degenerate, but, in general, it cannot be any given interval I ⊆ (0, +∞). Thus we consider the problem of characterizing those measure spaces for which e(f) can be an arbitrary subinterval of (0, +∞). We show that they are precisely the measure spaces such that there is no inclusion between different Lp spaces.
When a groove is not a groove: Clarification of the appearance of the dentary groove in tyrannosauroid theropods and the distinction between Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus. Reply to Comment on: “Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: implications for theropod phylogeny and the validity of the genus Nanotyrannus Bakker et al., 1988”

Abstract The occurrence of a lateral groove in the dentary of theropod dinosaurs was argued to be a key diagnostic character for establishing the validity of Nanotyrannus lancensis as a unique taxon separate from Tyrannosaurus rex by Schmerge and Rothschild (2016). The validity of this distinction has been challenged in a comment paper by Brusatte et al. (2016). The main criticisms raised in this comment address the methodology of the original study, the distribution of the dentary groove in theropods, the possibility of ontogenetic variability in the occurrence of the dentary groove, and the application of phylogenetic analysis to studying character distributions. In this reply, we clarify the definition of the theropod dentary groove, elucidate the difference between a true dentary groove and the appearance of a false “pseudo-groove”, justify our original methodology with a discussion of the errors involved in identifying grooves by Brusatte et al. (in press), and support our original findings with descriptions of additional specimens. Investigation of additional specimens of Nanotyrannus , as well as critical examination of Tyrannosaurus specimens presented by Brusatte et al. (2016), reaffirm the result of our original study that Nanotyrannus can be differentiated from Tyrannosaurus based on the depth of its dentary groove, independent of ontogenetic stage. Despite any possible ontogenetic variation in the appearance of the dentary groove that can be interpreted, all specimens of Nanotyrannus possess distinct grooves whereas Tyrannosaurus lacks a groove. The most parsimonious explanation for the different appearance of these grooves is that Nanotyrannus does not represent a juvenile Tyrannosaurus .
Strategy Analysis: An Approach to Psychological Analysis of Artifacts

Designers look at and emulate existing good designs. Psychological theory can therefore best support design by explaining what makes existing tools good (Carroll, 1990). The chapter proposes an approach to explaining existing tools to designers called strategy analysis, based on claims analysis (Carroll & Kellogg, 1989). The chapter will describe a strategy analysis of Smalltalk/V.
The Miloslavskii Ascendancy: Medicine and Mail

Russia entered a comparatively tranquil spell after the Razin rebellion, which engulfed the middle and lower Volga region in 1670, but abated in the course of 1671. Even so, Poland, formally a Muscovite ally, was attacked by the Turks in 1672. The Polish surrender of the fortress of Kamianets-Podilskiy in that year imperiled Poland’s heartland. Poland-Lithuania ultimately held the line, reinvigorated with a defiant spirit that was epitomized by her newly elected king Jan Sobieski (r. 1673–96). Tsar Aleksei made an effort to strike a Christian .oalition against the Turks, but, as we saw, was unwilling to challenge the Turks with only the Poles as his ally. Merely in the middle of his forties, he may have been under the impression that he could afford to wait. Unexpectedly, however, in the winter of 1676 the tsar fell ill and died within days. His demise caused an abrupt ending to the peaceful time at the court. His heir, Fyodor, was a mere 14 and in poor health. For the time being, a group of boyars took the helm in his name, among whom Ivan Mikhailovich Miloslavskii (1635–85) became the leader. Already in the early summer of 1676, Aleksei’s last favorite Matveev was banished from Moscow.
Developments in the study of A-SE2 Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanism of A-S E 2 reactions. The chapter describes the well-established techniques for the identification of rate-determining proton transfers. The observation of general acid catalysis seems to be the oldest form of evidence favoring a rate-determining proton transfer. The form of the rate law is governed by the composition of the transition state and the starting state. Thus, the proton is being transferred from the one to the other in the rate-determining step. If steps following the rate-determining step are several orders of magnitude faster than the rate-determining step (in terms of actual conversion of material, not rate-constants) then the rate of production of the ultimate product, the rate of consumption of the starting material, and the rate of passage of material through the rate-determining step are all identical and conventional rate laws apply. The adjective “hydrogenic” is used to describe normal modes in which hydrogen atoms constitute the main moving masses, and also the frequencies to which these normal modes give rise.
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: Commentary of Broadcast Meteorologists on the Visual Presentation of Climate Change

Broadcast meteorologists are trusted by the general public to convey knowledge on climate change and they make choices about what information to present to their viewing audiences. Interviews with broadcast meteorologists revealed a wide range in their knowledge base and confidence in conveying climate science to their audiences. However, all interviewees agreed that visual images are an essential means for communicating with their viewers. Three major themes emerged from interviews with participants: visual imagery is important, dramatic images are powerful motivators, and the new visual presentation technologies have great value.
Efficient multiplier-less structures for Ramanujan filter banks

Ramanujan filter banks (RFB) are useful to generate time-period plane plots which allow one to localize multiple periodic components in the time domain. For such applications, the RFB produces more satisfactory results compared to short time Fourier transforms and other conventional methods, as demonstrated in recent years. This paper introduces a novel multiplier-less, hence computationally very efficient, structure to implement Ramanujan filter banks, based on a new result connecting Ramanujan sums and natural periodic bases.
Social work practice with West Indian migrant fathers

Social workers lack research and practice knowledge related to the challenges faced by West Indian men who migrate to the United States. This article is based on a qualitative study with 76 West In...
A Uniquely Solvable, Energy Stable Numerical Scheme for the Functionalized Cahn–Hilliard Equation and Its Convergence Analysis

We present and analyze a uniquely solvable and unconditionally energy stable numerical scheme for the Functionalized Cahn–Hilliard equation, including an analysis of convergence. One key difficulty associated with the energy stability is based on the fact that one nonlinear energy functional term in the expansion is neither convex nor concave. To overcome this subtle difficulty, we add two auxiliary terms to make the combined term convex, which in turns yields a convex–concave decomposition of the physical energy. As a result, both the unconditional unique solvability and the unconditional energy stability of the proposed numerical scheme are assured. In addition, a global in time $$H_{\mathrm{per}}^2$$ stability of the numerical scheme is established at a theoretical level, which in turn ensures the full order convergence analysis of the scheme, which is the first such result in this field. To deal with an implicit 4-Laplacian term at each time step, we apply an efficient preconditioned steepest descent algorithm to solve the corresponding nonlinear systems in the finite difference set-up. A few numerical results are presented, which confirm the stability and accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme.
Neonatal Transitions in Social Behavior and Their Implications for Autism.

Within the context of early infant–caregiver interaction, we review a series of pivotal transitions that occur within the first 6 months of typical infancy, with emphasis on behavior and brain mechanisms involved in preferential orientation towards, and interaction with, other people. Our goal in reviewing these transitions is to better understand how they may lay a necessary and/or sufficient groundwork for subsequent phases of development, and also to understand how the breakdown thereof, when development is atypical and those transitions become derailed, may instead yield disability. We review these developmental processes in light of recent studies documenting disruptions to early-emerging brain and behavior mechanisms in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, shedding light on the brain–behavior pathogenesis of autism.
#darkpatterns: UX Practitioner Conversations About Ethical Design

There is increasing interest in the role that ethics plays in UX practice, however current guidance is largely driven by formalized frameworks and does not adequately describe "on the ground" practitioner conversations regarding ethics. In this late-breaking work, we identified and described conversations about a specific ethical phenomenon on Twitter using the hashtag #darkpatterns. We then determined the authors of these tweets and analyzed the types of artifacts or links they shared. We found that UX practitioners were most likely to share tweets with this hashtag, and that a majority of tweets either mentioned an artifact or "shames" an organization that engages in manipulative UX practices. We identify implications for building an enhanced understanding of pragmatist ethics from a practitioner perspective.
The role of Pdcd4 in tumour suppression and protein translation

Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), a tumour suppressor, is frequently down-regulated in various types of cancer. Pdcd4 has been demonstrated to efficiently suppress tumour promotion, progression and proliferation. The biochemical function of Pdcd4 is a protein translation inhibitor. Although the fact that Pdcd4 inhibits protein translation has been known for more than a decade, the mechanism by which Pdcd4 controls tumorigenesis through translational regulation of its target genes is still not fully understood. Recent studies show that Pdcd4 inhibits translation of stress-activated-protein kinase interacting protein 1 to suppress tumour invasion, depicting a picture of how Pdcd4 inhibits tumorigenesis through translational inhibition. Thus, understanding the mechanism of how Pdcd4 attenuates tumorigenesis by translational control should provide a new strategy for combating cancer.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), commonly called fiberglass, is used for a huge variety of applications including boat hulls, car bodies, roofing shingles, pipes, flooring and various containers and storage tanks. GFRP is referred to as a composite material since it is a combination of two different materials, that is, glass fibers in the form of either a woven fabric or a chopped mat in a polymer matrix. Most often used for the matrix are the thermosetting polymers (polymers which cannot be remelted) epoxy or polyester, and less-commonly the thermosetting polymers vinyl ester, phenolics and silicones, or the thermoplastic polymers (polymers which can be remelted) nylon, polycarbonate and polystyrene. The fibers are coated with a coupling agent to aid bonding to the polymer matrix and a sizing agent to protect the fibers.
Factors Influencing a Manager's Decision to Discipline Employees for Refusal to Work with an HIV/AIDS Infected Coworker

This research investigates the influence of gender, fear of AIDS, and the likelihood that a manager will share AIDS-related health information about an HIV/AIDS infected coworker with subordinates on a manager's decision to discipline an employee for refusing to work with the HIV/AIDS infected coworker. Data was obtained using questionnaires administered to 194 managers employed in service, manufacturing, and government organizations. Both fear of AIDS and sharing AIDS-related health information exhibited a significant unique negative relationship with the decision to discipline. No significant unique relationship was found between gender and the decision to discipline. However, gender was found to moderate the relationship between fear of AIDS and the decision to discipline. There was a significant negative relationship between fear of AIDS and the decision to discipline among male but not among female managers. Study findings, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Achieving and maintaining pregnancy after age 40.

Demographic data from the United States show the need for testing ovarian reserve in a population that is increasingly delaying reproduction. The childless rate for U.S. women over the age of 35 has nearly doubled to 25% since 1925. Yet, in 1994 approximately one-third of all first births were by women over the age of 35. The first-line treatment for the aging effect on the ovarian reservoir of oocytes is ovulation induction. Study results reveal that a delivery rate of only 2.4% was achieved at age 42, and in 119 cycles of therapy in women above that age there were no live births. The clomiphene citrate challenge test is one method of dynamic testing of ovarian reserve. It has the advantages of simplicity and reduced cost when compared with the gonadotropic stimulatory test. In one test group utilizing the clomiphene citrate challenge test only 4.8% conceived at any age following an abnormal test. As a prognostic test with an approximate 95% accuracy rate for negative predictive value it has much to offer. With oocyte donation becoming more widespread as an acceptable method of achieving pregnancy, clomiphene citrate challenge testing should be performed more frequently, in order to spare couples the emotional and financial sequelae of multiple attempts at ovulation induction and IVF when expected pregnancy rates fall below a level acceptable to both patient and physician.
Quasi-Monte Carlo — Discrepancy between Theory and Practice

In this paper, we survey the current status of theory and practice of quasi-Monte Carlo methods. First, we discuss one of the most important research directions for accelerating Monte Carlo simulations. It is described as MC → QMC → RQMC → Derandomized RQMC, where RQMC means randomized QMC. We give some interesting open questions concerning the gap between theory and practice of derandomized RQMC. Secondly, we overview the dramatic success of quasi-Monte Carlo methods for very high dimensional numerical integration problems in finance. In the last five years, the question of how to explain this success has been extensively investigated, and two classes of problems have been identified for which QMC (or RQMC) is much more efficient than MC. One is a class of problems with small “effective” dimensions; the other is a class of isotropic problems. Some interesting results and issues on these problems are discussed.
EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS OF HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the existence of solutions of hyperbolic problems. It discusses recent developments concerning the existence analysis in the large of boundary value problems. These developments represent a substantial extension in knowledge on solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary and partial differential equations. The chapter presents results on the existence of solutions of boundary value problems of the hyperbolic type, that is, for which the underlying linear operators have infinite-dimensional kernels. It discusses canonic decomposition and the alternative problem. It presents the case of X0 large with respect to ker E. It also presents an overview of Lienard Systems is also presented.
The Fast Satellite Fields Instrument

We describe the electric field sensors and electric and magnetic field signal processing on the FAST (Fast Auroral SnapshoT) satellite. The FAST satellite was designed to make high time resolution observations of particles and electromagnetic fields in the auroral zone to study small-scale plasma interactions in the auroral acceleration region. The DC and AC electric fields are measured with three-axis dipole antennas with 56 m, 8 m, and 5 m baselines. A three-axis flux-gate magnetometer measures the DC magnetic field and a three-axis search coil measures the AC magnetic field. A central signal processing system receives all signals from the electric and magnetic field sensors. Spectral coverage is from DC to ∼4 MHz. There are several types of processed data. Survey data are continuous over the auroral zone and have full-orbit coverage for fluxgate magnetometer data. Burst data include a few minutes of a selected region of the auroral zone at the highest time resolution. A subset of the burst data, high speed hurst memory data, are waveform data at 2 × 106 sample s−1. Electric field and magnetic field data are primarily waveforms and power spectral density as a function of frequency and time. There are also various types of focused data processing, including cross-spectral analysis, fine-frequency plasma wave tracking, high-frequency polarity measurement, and wave-particle correlations.
A Neural Network Based Mobile Robot Autonomous Tracking System

Autonomous tracking is one of the important skills for mobile robots to complete more complicated tasks. In this paper, a robot tracking technique is proposed using neural networks and Kalman filtering. The vision and distance information is fused in the neural network which makes motion decisions for the follower robot. In addition, Kalman filtering is employed to predict expected robot positions from the captured images. The experimental results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed tracking methods.
Critical slowing down in biochemical networks with feedback

Near a bifurcation point, the response time of a system is expected to diverge due to the phenomenon of critical slowing down. We investigate critical slowing down in well-mixed stochastic models of biochemical feedback by exploiting a mapping to the mean-field Ising universality class. We analyze the responses to a sudden quench and to continuous driving in the model parameters. In the latter case, we demonstrate that our class of models exhibits the Kibble-Zurek collapse, which predicts the scaling of hysteresis in cellular responses to gradual perturbations. We discuss the implications of our results in terms of the tradeoff between a precise and a fast response. Finally, we use our mapping to quantify critical slowing down in T cells, where the addition of a drug is equivalent to a sudden quench in parameter space.
Is Treatment Working? Detecting Real Change in the Treatment of Child and Adolescent Depression

Objective Despite advances in evidence-based treatments for youth depression in recent decades, overall treatment effects are modest at best, with 30% to 50% of youth being nonresponders. Practice parameters consistently recommend systematic assessment and routine monitoring of depressive symptoms, or measurement-based care (MBC), to enhance youth depression treatment. However, the literature offers few guidelines on how to use assessment results to inform care decisions or to detect real and clinically meaningful change. Thus the current study produced reliable change indices (RCIs) per Jacobson and Truax for two commonly used standardized assessments of youth depression (ie, Patient Health Questionnaire−9 items, Modified for Adolescents [PHQ-9A], the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire [SMFQ]). Method The study sample (N = 1,738) consisted of youths 6 to 18 years old seen in a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic of a regional pediatric medical center who completed at least one of the target depression measures. We examined the factor structure and internal reliability for the PHQ-9A, and calculated RCIs for patients with a depression-related diagnosis for both measures. Results Analyses confirmed a one-factor solution and adequate internal consistency (α = .86) for the PHQ-9A. All measures yielded acceptable test-retest reliabilities (r > 0.75) and RCIs that equate to clinical practice recommendations of using reliable changes scores of 7, 6, and 8 for the PHQ-9A, the SMFQ−Child Report, and the SMFQ−Parent Report, respectively. Conclusion Psychometric validation of the PHQ-9A and these RCIs are timely and significant contributions to the treatment of youth depression, by facilitating effective use of MBC—a critical evidence-based strategy for improving treatment outcomes.
Numerical, Secondary Big Data Quality Issues, Quality Threshold Establishment, & Guidelines for Journal Policy Development

Abstract An IS researcher may obtain Big Data from primary or secondary data sources. Sometimes, acquiring primary Big Data is infeasible due to availability, accessibility, cost, time, and/or complexity considerations. In this paper, we focus on Big Data-based IS research and discuss ways in which one may, post hoc, establish quality thresholds for numerical Big Data obtained from secondary sources. We also present guidelines for developing journal policies aimed at ensuring the veracity and verifiability of such data when used for research purposes.
Impacts of feeding a flax-seed based feed supplement on production and health of mid through late lactation multiparous Holstein cows on a commercial dairy farm

Abstract Research in the past 50 years has shown that the general health of dairy cows (i.e., immunity and uterine health) can be improved by higher post-ruminal delivery and absorption of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 (n-3) PUFA. Since flaxseed contains high concentrations of n-3 PUFA, our objective was to evaluate effects of feeding flaxseed-based ‘LinPRO-R’ (LinPro), created using dry extrusion, mainly in substitution for cracked Pima cottonseed on production and health of mid-to-late lactation multiparous Holstein cows. Three pens of ∼365 multiparous mid-to-late lactation cows were fed diets formulated to contain 0 g/kg (NoLin), 25 g/kg (LoLin) or 50 g/kg (HiLin) dry matter (DM) of LinPro in a design that rotated cows and diets among pens monthly. Individual body condition (BCS) was scored, and milk yields recorded monthly for four months after assignment to treatment at 154.8 ± 0.10 days in milk (DIM). While ruminal microbial crude protein outflow, estimated using a urine allantoin-based method, was lower (quadratic P