cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baseline Mental Health and Psychosocial Functioning of Transgender Adolescents Seeking Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Objective Research suggests that adolescents seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy experience elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and difficulties with peer relationships. Less is known regarding more specific aspects of mental health and psychosocial functioning. Furthermore, few studies have explored variations in mental health and psychosocial functioning by age, gender, degree of physical dysphoria, and informant type (adolescent, mother, and father). Method Participants are adolescents (n = 149) and parents/guardians (n = 247) who presented to a multidisciplinary gender clinic in Dallas, TX for an initial assessment before initiation of gender-affirming hormone therapy. Adolescents completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Body Image Scale (a measure of physical dysphoria), and parents/guardians completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results Approximately half of participants reported clinically significant difficulties with internalizing symptoms and psychosocial functioning (particularly engagement in activities), with approximately one-third indicating significant difficulties with depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Parents reported fewer symptoms than adolescents across several subscales, but differences were generally small. By contrast, gender differences were found across all internalizing subscales and were generally large. Age and body dissatisfaction were not independently associated with broadband measures but, in combination with gender, were strongly associated with variance in YSR and CBCL reports of internalizing symptoms. Conclusion Elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and competency difficulties were broadly consistent with the previous literature and demonstrate the need for investment in the clinical training and infrastructure to provide comprehensive care to this population. Differences in mental health and psychosocial functioning by gender and clinic location appear to be less straightforward.
Distilling Liberty: Reconsidering the Politics of Alcohol in Early New South Wales

Distillation was both clearly banned and the ban widely flouted in early New South Wales. Colonial farmers frequently distilled their excess crops, utilising the expertise of Irish convicts who oft...
Multi-color imaging of angiogenesis of orthotopic human tumors in the nestin-driven GFP nude mouse

3838 We have recently shown that the neural-stem cell marker nestin is expressed in hair follicle stem cells and an intrafollicular vessel network in the skin of transgenic mice with nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP) (1, 2). These transgenic mice also express ND-GFP in areas of the brain and the pancreas. The ND-GFP gene was crossed into nude mice on the C57/B6 background. The ND-GFP nude mice were used in the present study to visualize angiogenesis of transplanted human tumors. The human tumors were transplanted into the skin or the pancreas where ND-GFP is expressed in newly formed blood vessels. Human tumors transplanted subcutaneously in the ND-GFP nude mice, including fibrosarcoma, lung cancer, and melanoma, were visualized by their expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP). ND-GFP-expressing blood vessels were visualized under dual-color fluorescence vascularizing the RFP-expressing tumors. An RFP-expressing human pancreas tumor was transplanted to the pancreas of the ND-GFP mice. The ND-GFP cells of the pancreas formed blood vessels which were visualized under dual-color fluorescence to vascularize the RFP-expressing human pancreas tumor. The ND-GFP-expressing blood vessels in the skin and the pancreas were shown to also express the endothelial marker CD31. The ND-GFP nude mice implanted with RFP-expressing tumors enables nascent angiogenesis to be visualized in these tumors by dual-color fluorescence. This model should prove to be useful to study both the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis and for the screening of agents which specifically inhibit this process. (1) Amoh, Y., Hoffman, R.M. et al. Nascent blood vessels in the skin arise from nestin-expressing hair-follicle cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13291-13295, 2004. (2) Li, L., Hoffman, R.M. et al. Nestin expression in hair follicle sheath progenitor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9658-9662, 2003.
A Novel, Highly Related Jumbo Family of Bacteriophages That Were Isolated Against Erwinia

Erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen from the Erwiniaceae family and a causative agent of the devastating agricultural disease fire blight. Here we characterize eight lytic bacteriophages of E. amylovora that we isolated from the Wasatch front (Utah, United States) that are highly similar to vB_EamM_Ea35-70 which was isolated in Ontario, Canada. With the genome size ranging from 271 to 275 kb, this is a novel jumbo family of bacteriophages. These jumbo bacteriophages were further characterized through genomic and proteomic comparison, mass spectrometry, host range and burst size. Their proteomes are highly unstudied, with over 200 putative proteins with no known homologs. The production of 27 of these putative proteins was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. These bacteriophages appear to be most similar to bacteriophages that infect Pseudomonas and Ralstonia rather than Enterobacteriales bacteria by protein similarity, however, we were only able to detect infection of Erwinia and the closely related strains of Pantoea.
Provably Global Convergence of Actor-Critic: A Case for Linear Quadratic Regulator with Ergodic Cost

Despite the empirical success of the actor-critic algorithm, its theoretical understanding lags behind. In a broader context, actor-critic can be viewed as an online alternating update algorithm for bilevel optimization, whose convergence is known to be fragile. To understand the instability of actor-critic, we focus on its application to linear quadratic regulators, a simple yet fundamental setting of reinforcement learning. We establish a nonasymptotic convergence analysis of actor- critic in this setting. In particular, we prove that actor-critic finds a globally optimal pair of actor (policy) and critic (action-value function) at a linear rate of convergence. Our analysis may serve as a preliminary step towards a complete theoretical understanding of bilevel optimization with nonconvex subproblems, which is NP-hard in the worst case and is often solved using heuristics.
BESMER: an approach for bad smells summarization in systems models

Bad smells are surface indications of potential problems with source code quality and have been investigated deeply within the purview of object-oriented programming. However, there has not been much research conducted to understand bad smells within the context of systems models. Moreover, the majority of bad smells in existing literature have been suggested by experienced developers and researchers who may view "smells" differently from inexperienced developers. To this end, we propose BESMER, our project that categorizes bad smells in systems models by mining discussion forum posts of end-users of a specific systems modeling tool. Specifically, this paper describes how our three-level discovery mechanism based on machine learning techniques assisted us in finding bad smells from the LabVIEW online discussion forum. Our experimental results not only confirm that end-users also encounter the bad smells proposed by experts, but also reveal new bad smells for LabVIEW models. We also present some implications discovered from the examination of user posts and list areas of future work based on our current findings. As far as we know, this is the first paper to investigate bad smells from an end-user's perspective within the context of systems models.
Targeted Therapies in Head and Neck Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) can be treated with various modalities including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. These are often employed in combination, with each playing a substantial and complementary role. Using a multidisciplinary approach, investigators have recently been able to achieve improved survival outcomes for patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic disease—including both increased long-term survival rates (now approaching 70% in recent reports) (1–]3) and organ preservation (4,5). Nevertheless, in approx 50% of high-risk patients tumors will recur (1, 2, 3,6), often with distant metastasis, making the cancer incurable and shifting the treatment goal toward palliation. In addition, short- and long-term toxicities of combination therapy are significant, with xerostomia, esophageal strictures, dysphagia, and increased aspiration risk commonly encountered.
Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Motivate Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Pilot Study.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of several types of cancers. However, two-thirds of overweight/obese adults are not sufficiently active; this, in combination with the unfavorable effect of excess body weight, puts them at greater risk for cancer. One reason that these individuals do not engage in enough PA may be their lack of motivation to change their current behavior due to the perception of putting in effort for possible future gain without obvious short-term benefits. There is a need for innovative ways to help individuals recognize the immediate health benefits of PA and thus increase their motivation. Methods: This pilot intervention tested a PA education module that included a one-on-one counseling session highlighting the acute effects of PA on glucose patterns, followed by a 10-day self-monitoring period with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and a Fitbit. Participants rated the acceptability of the education module on a 5-point Likert scale and completed surveys assessing stages of change for motivational readiness. Results: Nineteen overweight/obese adults (84% female) completed the study. Participants gave high ratings to the counseling session for improving their PA-related knowledge (mean=4.22), increasing motivation (mean=4.29), and providing personally-relevant information (mean=4.35). The summary acceptability scores for self-monitoring period were 4.46 for CGM and 4.51 for Fitbit. Participants reported a significant decrease in the pre-contemplation stage and an increase in the action stage (p<.05). Conclusions: CGM is a feasible tool for PA interventions. Impact: Information from CGM could be used as biological-based feedback to motivate PA.
U.S. Millennials’ Intention to Donate Used Clothing: A Study of the Determinants

While there is vast information on the spending power of millennials and potential for them to contribute to sustainable apparel movement, there is alack of knowledge on the factors that motivate millennials to donate their used clothing. This study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the U.S. millennials’ intention towards used clothing donation. 302 eligible responses were gathered for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Multiple regression method was applied for determining the proposed statistical relationships. The U.S. millennials’ intention to donate used clothing are significantly affected by consumers’ attitude towards used clothing donation, injunctive norms, moral norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived hedonic value, perceived utilitarian value, perceived consumer effectiveness, and none of demographic variables impose directly significant impact on millennials’ intention to donate used clothing.
Modeling infection dynamics and mitigation strategies to support K-6 in-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Objective To support safer in-person K-6 instruction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic by providing public health authorities and school districts with a practical model of transmission dynamics and mitigation strategies. Methods We developed an agent-based model of infection dynamics and preventive mitigation strategies such as distancing, health behaviors, surveillance and symptomatic testing, daily symptom and exposure screening, quarantine policies, and vaccination. The model parameters can be updated as the science evolves and are adjustable via an online user interface, enabling users to explore the effects of interventions on outcomes of interest to states and localities, under a variety of plausible epidemiological and policy assumptions. Results Under default assumptions, secondary infection rates and school attendance are substantially affected by surveillance testing protocols, vaccination rates, class sizes, and effectiveness of safety education. Conclusions Our model helps policymakers consider how mitigation options and the dynamics of school infection risks affect outcomes of interest. The model’s parameters can be immediately updated in response to changes in epidemiological conditions, science of COVID-19 transmission dynamics, testing and vaccination resources, and reliability of mitigation strategies.
Parenting Characteristics among Adults With Social Anxiety and their Influence on Social Anxiety Development in Children: A Brief Integrative Review

The purposes of this brief integrative review are to identify and critically evaluate recent work in the area of parenting processes that are disproportionately observed among parents with social anxiety disorder (SAD) that may ultimately increase risk among offspring, and to further link these processes to specific targets for intervention. Accordingly, we first evaluate the relevance of specific parenting styles as they pertain to increased risk of developing SAD among offspring. Second, we link these parenting processes to observations of certain unfavorable consequences among socially anxious youth, such as low perceived autonomy and poorer social skills. Finally, in light of these consequences we extend our conclusions into potentially modifiable targets among parents with SAD, focusing on the enhancement of autonomy and facilitating offspring's normative period of transition into independence during adolescence. Overall, we conclude that parenting behaviors commonly observed among adults with SAD, such as overcontrol and low parental warmth, likely have a direct impact on the development of social anxiety symptoms among their children. However, these parenting behaviors are plausibly modifiable and therefore repurposing existing interventions for use among parents with SAD in conjunction with interventions with their offspring is likely to provide direct clinical benefit.
Detecting fabric density and weft distortion in woven fabrics using the discrete fourier transform

Fabric density and distortion offer important information on fabric attributes and quality during the manufacturing process. However, most current procedures require human effort, which is often inefficient, time-consuming, and imprecise. In this paper, we propose to use an automatic method using the 2D Fast Fourier Transform (2D-FFT) to count the number of yarns and determine the angle rotation of weft yarns in fabric images. First, we explain the mathematical background of Fourier Transform and 2D-FFT. Then, we use a customized and optimized software package to apply a 2D-FFT to extract image magnitude, phase, and power spectrum. We apply the inverse 2D Fast Fourier Transform (2D-iFFT) on selected frequencies corresponding to periodic structures - basic weave patterns - to reconstruct the original image and extract warp and weft yarns separately. Finally, we use a local adaptive threshold process to convert reconstructed images into binary images for the counting and calculating process. For the weft rotation, we apply a mathematical calculation on the frequency domain to collect the angular distribution and then figure out the major rotation of weft yarns. Our experiments show that the proposed method is highly accurate and capable of inspecting different patterns of fabric. We also observe that the processing time of our proposal method is practical and time-efficient.
A particle size threshold governs diffusion and segregation of PAR-3 during cell polarization

Regulation of subcellular components9 localization and motion is a critical theme in cell biology. Cells use the actomyosin cortex to regulate protein distribution on the plasma membrane, but the interplay between membrane binding, cortical movements and protein distribution remains poorly understood. In a polarizing one-cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, actomyosin flows transport PAR protein complexes into an anterior cortical domain to establish the anterior-posterior axis of the animal. Oligomerization of a key scaffold protein, PAR-3, is required for aPAR cortical localization and segregation. Although PAR-3 oligomerization is essential for polarization, it remains unclear how oligomer size contributes to aPAR segregation because PAR-3 oligomers are a heterogeneous population of many different sizes. To address this question, we engineered PAR-3 to defined sizes. We report that PAR-3 trimers are necessary and sufficient for PAR-3 function during polarization and later embryo development, while larger PAR-3 clusters are dispensable. Quantitative analysis of PAR-3 diffusion showed that PAR-3 clusters larger than a trimer are transported by viscous forces without being physically captured by the actomyosin cortex. Our study provides a quantitative model for size-dependent protein transportation of membrane proteins by cortical flow.
A novel re-compositing approach to create continuous and consistent cross-sensor/cross-production global NDVI datasets

The longest Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series produced from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) has e...
Foam fractionation of a recombinant biosurfactant apolipoprotein.

Abstract Locusta migratoria apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) possesses the ability to exist as a water soluble amphipathic α-helix bundle and a lipid surface seeking apolipoprotein. The intrinsic ability of apoLp-III to transform phospholipid vesicles into reconstituted discoidal high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) has led to myriad applications. To improve the yield of recombinant apoLp-III, studies were performed in a bioreactor. Induction of apoLp-III expression generated a protein product that is secreted from E. coli into the culture medium. Interaction of apoLp-III with gas and liquid components in media produced large quantities of thick foam. A continuous foam fractionation process yielded a foamate containing apoLp-III as the sole major protein component. The yield of recombinant apoLp-III was ~0.2 g / liter bacterial culture. Mass spectrometry analysis verified the identity of the target protein and indicated no modifications or changes to apoLp-III occurred as a result of foam fractionation. The functional ability of apoLp-III to induce rHDL formation was evaluated by incubating foam fractionated apoLp-III with phosphatidylcholine vesicles. FPLC size exclusion chromatography revealed a single major population of particles in the size range of rHDL. The results described offer a novel approach to bioreactor-based apoLp-III production that takes advantage of its intrinsic biosurfactant properties.
A Review of: “Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation: Techniques and Applications. Robert Coben and James R. Evans (Eds.).”

Most book reviews lead the reader through a content review of the text, waiting until the last paragraph to summarize and leaving the reader to wait for a recommendation from the reviewer. So to br...
On the mechanism of ion exchange in zirconium phosphates—XIII: Exchange of some divalent transition metal ions on α-zirconium phosphate

Abstract The exchange of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) on crystalline zirconium phosphate has been examined. High loadings may be achieved by using dilute acetate solutions of the cations at elevated temperatures. The exchange does not represent a true equilibrium since “site binding” traps the ions within the crystal lattice. This is reflected in the essentially complete removal of ions from solution up to high loadings. Nickel ion represents an exception as it is only loaded to a modest extent. Possible explanations for the observed behavior are presented.
Pause 'n' play: formalizing asynchronous C#

Writing applications that connect to external services and yet remain responsive and resource conscious is a difficult task. With the rise of web programming this has become a common problem. The solution lies in using asynchronous operations that separate issuing a request from waiting for its completion. However, doing so in common object-oriented languages is difficult and error prone. Asynchronous operations rely on callbacks, forcing the programmer to cede control. This inversion of control-flow impedes the use of structured control constructs, the staple of sequential code. In this paper, we describe the language support for asynchronous programming in the upcoming version of C$^\sharp$. The feature enables asynchronous programming using structured control constructs. Our main contribution is a precise mathematical description that is abstract (avoiding descriptions of compiler-generated state machines) and yet sufficiently concrete to allow important implementation properties to be identified and proved correct.
Measles: Old Vaccines, New Vaccines

Isolation of measles virus in tissue culture by Enders and colleagues in the 1960s led to the development of the first measles vaccines. An inactivated vaccine provided only short-term protection and induced poor T cell responses and antibody that did not undergo affinity maturation. The response to this vaccine primed for atypical measles, a more severe form of measles, and was withdrawn. A live attenuated virus vaccine has been highly successful in protection from measles and in elimination of endemic measles virus transmission with the use of two doses. This vaccine is administered by injection between 9 and 15 months of age. Measles control would be facilitated if infants could be immunized at a younger age, if the vaccine were thermostable, and if delivery did not require a needle and syringe. To these ends, new vaccines are under development using macaques as an animal model and various combinations of the H, F, and N viral proteins. Promising studies have been reported using DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, and virus-vectored vaccines.
Identification of the heat-shock sigma factor RpoH and a second RpoH-like protein in Sinorhizobium meliloti.

Hybridization to a PCR product derived from conserved sigma-factor sequences led to the identification of two Sinorhizobium meliloti DNA segments that display significant sequence similarity to the family of rpoH genes encoding the σ32 (RpoH) heat-shock transcription factors. The first gene, rpoH1, complements an Escherichia coli rpoH mutation. Cells containing an rpoH1 mutation are impaired in growth at 37 °C under free-living conditions and are defective in nitrogen fixation during symbiosis with alfalfa. A plasmid-borne rpoH1–gusA fusion increases in expression upon entry of the culture into the stationary phase of growth. The second gene, designated rpoH2, is 42% identical to the S. meliloti rpoH1 gene. Cells containing an rpoH2 mutation have no apparent phenotype under free-living conditions or during symbiosis with the host plant alfalfa. An rpoH2–gusA fusion increases in expression during the stationary phase of growth. The presence of two rpoH-like sequences in S. meliloti is reminiscent of the situation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which has three rpoH genes.
Validity in Assessing Self-Regulated Learning: A Comment on Perry & Winne

Perry and Winne (2006) describe their computer program, ‘gStudy’, and argue that it facilitates valid measurement of self-regulated learning (SRL) over time. This commentary addresses the assumptions underlying this argument and raises additional validity questions regarding the use of this tool. These include issues related to the development of SRL in young children, the difficulty in embedding assessments in a learning tool, and the extent to which the log analyzer can separate SRL sequences from other behavior. Finally, the extent to which behavior ‘inside’ gStudy reflects SRL in other contexts is discussed.
Morphologies of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-nylon-6 diblock copolymers and blends

Abstract The morphologies of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-nylon-6 diblock copolymers and binary/ternary blends with PDMS and nylon-6 homopolymers have been revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spherulitic morphologies of materials cast from solution in 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol have been compared to the spherical microphase-separated structures obtained by annealing above the melting point of nylon-6. Either the PDMS rubber block length or the nature of the casting solvent can be employed to shift control of the morphology between mechanisms of microphase separation and crystallization. As a result, ‘path-dependent’ morphologies have been observed for PDMS-nylon-6 diblock copolymers and blends and these are explained in a unified manner via a conceptual phase diagram.
Temperature Dependent Energy Transfer Measurements Reveal Flexibility in the Upper 50 kDa Domain of Myosin V

Our previous work has demonstrated that labeling myosin V in the upper 50 kDa domain with the biarsenical dye FlAsH can serve as an acceptor for fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies with mant labeled nucleotides and IAEDANS actin. These FRET studies suggest that myosin V can adopt a conformation in which the nucleotide binding pocket and the actin binding cleft are in a closed conformation. Our studies suggest the upper 50 kDa domain may be highly flexible in certain nucleotide-states which allows tight binding to nucleotide and actin. Molecular geometric simulations demonstrate the upper 50 kDa domain is most flexible in the myosin V.ADP state, consistent with this state having a high affinity for ADP and actin. Currently, we examined the temperature dependence of the FRET signal between mantADP and MV FlAsH. We found that at low temperature (4-15°C) a high FRET state dominates (closed pocket) while at high temperature (30-37°C) a low FRET state dominates (open pocket). This transition is reversible suggesting a temperature-dependent conformational change. We also found that FlAsH labeled G440A MV, a non-hydrolyzable mutant, has a similar temperature-dependent transition in the presence of mantATP. In contrast, the transition does not occur in the presence of mantADP.BeFx or with the non-hydrolyzable E44A MV mutant in the presence of mantATP. Our results suggest coordination of the gamma-phosphate of ATP rigidifies the upper 50 kDa domain which results in a weak actin affinity state (open actin binding cleft and closed nucleotide binding pocket). However, upon phosphate release the upper 50kDa domain becomes more flexible which allows myosin to adopt a conformation in which it has a high affinity for both nucleotide and actin (closed nucleotide binding pocket and actin binding cleft).
Effect of procaine on asphyxial rigidity.

Abstract Procaine (0.2–0.5%) was applied to the motor nerve of the gastrocnemiussoleus muscle of cats showing either “secondary” or “late” tone after asphysiation of the cord for appropriate periods of time. The drug tended to abolish the responses both to sinusoidal slow and fast (0.2–2 cycle/sec) stretch of the muscle before the muscle action potentials elicited by a single shock to the sciatic nerve started to decline. Although secondary tone in contrast to the late tone is characterized by considerable γ-efferent activity, both forms of asphyxial rigidity were similarly affected by procaine. It was, therefore, postulated that, in addition to the selective effect of procaine on the γ-efferents, this local anesthetic also affects the transmission of high frequency impulse trains in the Ia fibers, which represent the sensory input for the myotatic reflex underlying the response of the muscle to stretch. Evidence was obtained that in the concentrations and time of application used to affect the stretch responses procaine impedes the transmission of high frequency trains of impulses.
Behavioral responses to linear accelerations in blind goldfish. I. The gravity reference response.

Blind goldfish gravity reference response under linear accelerations on motor car and parallel swing from movie camera recording
Rescaled methods-of-moments estimation for the Box-Cox regression model

Abstract To eliminate an inconsistent minimizer (at infinity) for a generalized method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for the Box-Cox regression model, the minimand is rescaled using the geometric mean of the dependent variable. This rescaling does not affect the asymptotic distribution of the consistent root.
Increased small dense LDL and intermediate-density lipoprotein with albuminuria in type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: This population study examines the relationship between LDL density and persistent albuminuria in subjects with type 1 diabetes at the end of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects were classified as persistently normoalbuminuric (albumin excretion rate [AER] or = 30-299 mg/day, n = 80), and macroalbuminuric (AER = 300 mg/day, n = 24) based on the last two AER measures. RESULTS: Triglyceride (P
Effects of cosmic ray removal on the accumulating signal of the infrared spectrograph

During the in-orbit checkout phase of the Infrared Spectrograph on board The Spitzer Telescope, it was found that the noise of the spectrograph's arrays was correlated with the number of cosmic ray hits. Our analysis reveals that the cause of that effect is most likely due to the algorithms used to correct cosmic ray hits on dark pixels. We also found that the noise characteristics of the pixels that have an illumination that is lower than 1/10 of the full well is artificially raised by the cosmic ray correction by a factor of about 10% if 1% of the pixels are affected by cosmic rays.
In situ identification of Langerhans cells in the dermal infiltrate of cutaneous T cell lymphoma

A population of cells showing the surface phenotype of Langerhans cells (LCs) was identified in the dermal infiltrates of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Peroxidase-conjugated OKT6, a monoclonal antibody reactive with epidermal LCs, was used to directly label frozen tissue sections of diseased skin from twenty-three patients with CTCL, two patients with secondary cutaneous involvement by a B cell lymphoma, and three patients with lymphocytoma cutis. OKT6-reactive cells represented a significant although minor population in the dermal infiltrate of twenty-two of the twenty-three CTCL biopsies, accounting for up to 5% of the cells. Double-labeling studies revealed that the OKT6-positive cells also exhibited Ia but not T cell antigens. Since OKT6-reactive cells were not found in either the B cell lymphomas or lymphocytorna cutis, their presence in a malignant infiltrate is suggestive of a T cell neoplasm.
The industrial physician and occupational lung disease.

Abstract Prevention and management of chronic occupational illnesses requires that they first be recognized as such. This appears to be particularly difficult in the case of occupational lung disease and doubly so in the case of occupational immunologic lung disease. It took years to recognize asbestosis, byssinosis, and other chronic lung diseases as being occupational in origin. Tritnellitic anhydride is particularly interesting in that it took a variety of purely clinical perceptions to arouse the suspicion that an immunologic response was involved. Increased cooperation of industry managements, occupational physicians, and researchers can lead to the elucidation of causes, which, in turn, can lead to the goals we all share, the discovery, the treatment, and, even better, the prevention of disease.
Multi-axis bending of channel section beam and modeling

In this article, two bending collapse modes of a thin-walled channel section beam are studied and the bending resistances are derived. The derived bending resistances are then applied for developing simplified finite element model for the channel section beam. The developed simplified model can correctly predict multi-axis bending behavior of the channel section beam. Same crashworthiness analyses are performed on both detailed and simplified channel section beam models to validate the developed simplified model. Analysis results yielded from both models are recorded and compared, and good agreement is achieved between these models. The developed simplified model is more efficient in computer simulation and structure evaluation.
Extensions of GOMS analyses to expert performance requiring perception of dynamic visual and auditory information

GOMS models of telephone toll and assistance operators (TAOS) are being constructed in an effort to provide theoretical predictions of expert performance on several dedicated workstations. This applied effort has pushed the development of GOMS modeling techniques into the area of speech input and output, and into a task where information is not always available when it is required by the TAO. This paper describes the task, heuristics for constructing the GOMS models, and parameters for making quantitative predictions of performance time.
Charge Transfer of O5+ and O4+ with CO at keV Energies

Charge transfer emission has been reported to be the dominant source of X-rays in cometary atmospheres. The emission model is based on the estimated charge transfer cross sections of solar wind minor/heavy ions and cometary neutrals. We report the results of our measurements on the absolute total one and multielectron transfer cross sections for Oq+ (q = 5, 4) with CO at ~1.5q keV energies using a technique that combines a laser ablation ion source and a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The total single electron transfer cross sections for O5+ and O4+ ions with CO are 3.42(±0.50) × 10-15 and 2.91(±0.41) × 10-15 cm2, respectively. The cross sections for multielectron transfer are 1.15(±0.37) × 10-15 and 1.03(±0.28) × 10-15 cm2, respectively.
Design aspects of the reconstructor for the Gemini adaptive optics system (Altair)

The Gemini Telescopes Project is a collaboration to develop two leading edge 8 meter telescopes; Gemini North on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and Gemini South at Cerro Pachon, Chile. These telescopes will exploit the excellent natural image quality that these telescopes will provide, a natural guide star (NGS) adaptive optics (AO) system is being developed for Gemini North.
Strategic telecommunications planning—A descriptive model

Abstract This study develops a conceptual model for strategic telecommunications planning and empirically validates the model using data collected from a field survey of practising telecommunications managers. The study also investigates the relationship between the quality of the planning process and other organizational factors such as the quality of business planning, the participation of telecommunications manager in business planning, and the participation of user and top management in telecommunications planning. The results of the study provide sufficient support to validate the model. The study identifies five dimensions for the planning process that reasonably matched with three of the dimensions in the conceptual model. The results also found the participation of telecommunications manager in business planning, and the participation of user and top management in telecommunications planning improved the quality of the planning process.
Dopamine transporter inhibition is necessary for cocaine‐induced increases in dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens

Repeated exposure to cocaine produces changes in the nervous system that facilitate drug-seeking behaviors. These drug-seeking behaviors have been studied with animal models, such as cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Cocaine is hypothesized to induce locomotor sensitization by neural changes, including an increase in the density of spines on the dendrites of neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAC). However, how cocaine increases dendritic spine density in the NAC has been difficult to discern because cocaine inhibits the function of multiple targets, including the transporters for dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Previously, our lab created a tool that is useful for determining how inhibiting the dopamine transporter (DAT) contributes to the effects of cocaine by generating mice that express a cocaine-insensitive DAT (DAT-CI mice). In this study, we used DAT-CI mice to determine the contribution of DAT inhibition in cocaine-induced increases in dendritic spine density in the NAC. We repeatedly injected DAT-CI mice with either cocaine or saline, and measured both dendritic spine density in the NAC and locomotor activity. Unlike wild-type mice, DAT-CI mice did not show an increase in dendritic spine density in the NAC or in locomotor activity in response to repeated injections of cocaine. These data show that cocaine-induced increases in dendritic spine density in the NAC require DAT inhibition. Thus, DAT-inhibition may play a role in mediating the long-lasting neural changes associated with drug addiction.
Influence of character strengths on mental health stigma

We examined traits of open-mindedness, kindness, hope, and social intelligence in the context of mental health stigma. Stigma – a process that objectifies and dehumanizes a person who has mental illness – diminishes people’s ability to control their behavior as coping with stigma requires self-regulation. Exploring mental health stigma through the lens of character strengths allows for understanding individual differences and kinds of characteristics that help decrease the ramifications associated with stigma of mental health. Several tasks explored the effects of character strengths on implicit and explicit mental health stigma: implicit association task, measures of willingness to interact with those with a mental health disorder, and a social distance task of self, friend, and person with a disorder. Character strengths of social intelligence and kindness were indicative of less stigma of mental health. More open-minded individuals tended to not hold individuals diagnosed with a mental health disorder ...
Metal-metal multiply-bonded complexes of technetium. 6. A μ, η1, η2-CH3CN complex prepared via reductive cleavage of the electron-rich TcTc triple bond in decakis-acetonitrile ditechnetium tetrafluoroborate ☆

Abstract Chemical reduction of the dinuclear cation [Tc2(CH3CN)10]4+ in acetonitrile results in scission of the metal-metal triple bond to produce two Tc(CH3CN)5 fragments linked together via a μ, η1, η2-acetonitrile ligand. The Tc(I)-Tc(II) mixed-valent compound [Rc2(μ, η1, η2-CH3CN) (CH3CN)10] [BF4]3 (1) was isolated as a red-brown solid in 70% yield using cobaltocene as a reductant. Lower yields (53%) were obtained when the reduction was carried out with zinc. The crystal structure of 1·0.83 CH3CN reveals that the Tc atoms are separated by a distance of 4.04(2) A consistent with the complete lack of any metal-metal bonding. Compound 1 has been fully characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies as well as cyclic voltammetry. Crystal data at −60°C for 1·0.83CH3CN:triclinic space group P ( No. 2), a = 12.658(4), b = 16.513(4), c = 19.495(6) A , α = 90.21(2), β = 99.33(3), γ = 90.18(3)°, V = 4020(2) A 3 , Z = 4 .
Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes.

ALTHOUGH the darwinian concept of adaptation was established nearly a century ago, it has been difficult to demonstrate rigorously that the amino-acid differences between homologous proteins from different species have adaptive significance. There are currently two major types of sequence tests for positive darwinian selection on proteins from different species: sequence convergence, and neutral rate violation (reviewed in ref. 1). Lysozymes from the stomachs of cows and langur monkeys, two mammalian species displaying fermentation in the foregut, are an example2,3 of amino-acid sequence convergence among homologous proteins4–6. Here we combine tests of neutral rate violation with reconstruction of ancestral sequences to document an episode of positive selection on the lineage leading to the common ancestor of the foregut-fermenting colobine monkeys. This analysis also detected a previously unsuspected adaptive episode on the lineage leading to the common ancestor of the modern hominoid lysozymes. Both adaptive episodes were followed by episodes of negative selection. Thus this approach can detect adaptive and purifying episodes, and localize them to specific lineages during protein evolution.
Computation of total, differential and double-differential cross sections for compound nuclear reactions of the type (a, b), (a, bσ) and (a, bσ-σ). (III) Fortran translations of the algol programs ‘Mandy’ and ‘Barbara’

Abstract Title of program: (32 characters maximum): MANDYF Catalogue number: ABOJ Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland (see application form in this issue) Computer for which the program is designed and others upon which it is operable Computer Digital PDP-10 (or PDP-9 with 32K core memory) Installation: PDP-10 at Digital Equipment Corp., Maynard, Mass., USA PDP-9 at Nuclear Center, Lowell Technological Institute, Lowell, Mass., USA Operating system or monitor under which the program is executed: PDP-10 Monitor System or PDP-9 Advanced Software System Programming languages used: FORTRAN-IV High speed store required: 14 K words. No. of bits in word: 36 Is the program overlaid? No No. of magnetic tapes required: None What other peripherals are used? Disk or Dectape (optional); Card Reader; Line Printer No. of cards in combined program and test deck: 1 302 Card punching code: IBM 026 Reference to other published version of this program: Catalogue number: ABOA; Title: MANDY; Ref. in CPC: 1 (1969) 35
The chemistry of interfacial tracking

Interfacial tracking occurs in a wide range of high voltage apparatus and frequently leads to electrical breakdown. A review of the chemistry of interfacial tracking along interfaces consisting of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) cable compound, and silicone rubber (SR) termination compound is given. Interfacial tracking experiments were conducted on the interfaces commonly encountered in cable accessories, including XLPE/EPR, XLPE/SR, EPR/EPR, and EPR/SR. The tracking products were analyzed using FTIR and GCMS. XLPE and EPR showed carbonization and an increase in cyclic and smaller chain hydrocarbons produced from radicals originating from hydrogen abstraction and chain scission. Oxidation of XLPE was observed with evidence of a Norrish type II photochemical reaction. SR showed evidence of SiO2 production along with lower molecular weight silicones. Tracking across an interface containing SR resulted in erosion of the SR side of the interface.
CYP6D1 protects thoracic ganglia of houseflies from the neurotoxic insecticide cypermethrin

CYP6D1 is a housefly cytochrome P450 known to metabolize neurotoxic pyrethroid insecticides. To determine if the nervous system was capable of metabolizing pyrethroids, we examined CYP6D1-mediated in vitro metabolism in thoracic ganglia from pyrethroid-resistant (LPR) and -susceptible (CS) strains of housefly. SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting revealed that CYP6D1 was expressed in all tagmata and in thoracic ganglia of both strains, but in all cases the levels of CYP6D1 were higher in the LPR strain. Using a CYP6D1-specific antiserum, we found CYP6D1 to be the major, and possibly the only, P450 isozyme involved in cypermethrin metabolism in thoracic ganglia homogenates. Additionally, thoracic ganglia homogenates from LPR houseflies metabolize more cypermethrin than preparations from susceptible flies. This metabolism was inhibited by piperonyl butoxide and a CYP6D1-specific antibody. Our results indicate that thoracic ganglia of LPR houseflies are protected from the neurotoxin cypermethrin by virtue of the higher levels of CYP6D1 compared to the susceptible houseflies. This P450-mediated detoxification of an insecticide at the level of the target tissue helps to explain the high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in the LPR strain. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 37:57–63, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Atmospheric Pressure Induced Reduction Errors In Reduction Stepper Lenses

Atmospheric pressure induced reduction errors in reduction stepper lensesFred Sporon -Fiedler, John WilliamsHewlett -Packard Corporation, Northwest Integrated Circuit Division1020 N.E. Circle Blvd., Corvallis, Oregon 97330AbstractThe effect of atmospheric pressure variations on the reduction ratio of a stepper lens isdiscussed. Data for a 5X lens is presented which demonstrates a dependence of the reductionratio on the atmospheric pressure. The dependence can lead to a .3 um error in the reductionof an 11 mm field. A model based on thin lens optics is also presented which predicts theobserved trends. Methods of minimizing the impact of this effect are discussed.IntroductionAs VLSI fabrication technologies approach the point where 1 um features are routinelybeing used in circuit manufacture, the importance of layer to layer overlay increases.Since the processes currently being brought into production require overlay accuracies betterthan .2 um (3 Sigma) it is important to evaluate all parameters in the stepper which can havean impact on the overlay accuracy. A number of articles have been written that describe thevarious overlay error contributions typically seen in reduction steppers. The reader isasked to refer to references 1 -4 for a review of these errors.One of the important overlay error contributions that has to be considered is the reduc-tion ratio (or magnification error) of the lens. Figure 1 a) is a schematic of a grid asprinted by a lens with no error (dashed lines) and a grid printed by a lens with a reductionerror (solid line). Figure 1 b) depicts a typical stepper optical column and some of theparameters that will affect the reduction ratio. The focal length of the lens used (F), thereticle to lens distance (L) and the focus of the illuminator all affect the reduction ratio.The latter is only important if the wafer is slightly out of focus, as is pointed out byDunbrack & Langston in their study of field distortions in reduction steppers (5). In orderto maintain a high degree of stability in the optical column, the projection optics areusually mounted in heavy fittings and the entire stepper placed in an environmental chamberto achieve thermal stability.A parameter that is not controlled in an environmental chamber is the atmospheric pres-
Highly state-selective collisional energy transfer between 1Δg and 1Σ+g Rydberg states in K2

Abstract Collisional energy transfer between 1 Δ g and 1 Σ + g Rydberg states of K 2 has been studied by optical-optical double resonance (OODR) resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The collision-induced probability for transition from a 1 Δ g state to an adjacent 1 Σ + g state of K 2 depends much more strongly on Δ J than on Δ E in each case studied. Δ J = 0 collision transfer is more favorable than Δ J = ±2, … for 1 Δ g odd J e levels. For 1 Δ g even J f levels, Δ J = ± 1 transfers are most favorable. The measurements of intensities of 1 Δ g , 1 Σ + g ← B 1 Π u , υ′ = 2, J ′ = 14e transitions and fluorescence intensities show that the collision-induced transition probability of these 1 Δ g - 1 Σ + g systems is quite large.