cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Three-phase Short-circuit Current of DFIG-based Wind Turbines Considering Chopper Protection

Utilizing the direct current(DC)dump circuit(Chopper)on DC-link to protect the rotor side converter(RSC)is commonly done for improving the low-voltage ride through(LVRT)capability of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind turbines.The insertion of Chopper protection will have a greater impact on the short-circuit current characteristics of DFIG-based wind turbines,however present research on DFIG-based wind turbines fault current features under symmetrical short-circuit is primarily conducted on the assumption that the Crowbar acts after fault inception,whereas,the short-circuit current characteristics of DFIG-based wind turbines under Chopper action is rarely studied,making it difficult to analyze the reliability of protection action and equipment safety under its impact in power systems.According to the analysis on the short circuit current of DFIG-based wind turbines unit after Crowbar operates,i.e.the rotor circuit is in series with a resistor,the rotor current loop after fault under Chopper action is analyzed,the blocked RSC and Chopper are equivalent to a variable resistance,the variation of the equivalent resistor along with the voltage drop and running slip is also analyzed.According to the relationship between the DFIG flux and voltage after symmetrical fault,a current analytical expression is obtained for DFIG-based wind turbines under Chopper action by mathematical analysis methods.Finally a simulation model for DFIG-based wind turbines with Chopper protection in MATLAB/Simulink is built to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Continuities in Childhood and Adult Moral Development Revisited

ABSTRACT This chapter is addressed to the question of existence of adulthood stages and stage change in moral development. Stage change is defined as directed, sequential, qualitative transformations in psychological structure. The existence of adulthood psychological stage change is theoretically important since such change must be the result of experiential interaction with the environment, rather than being linked to biological maturation. Evidence of Piagetian cognitive stages indicates continuing development of formal thought past adolescence but no new postadolescent cognitive stage. In contrast, this chapter indicates that there are moral stages that first appear in young adulthood (over 21) in a longitudinal sample. These are the stages of principled moral reasoning (Stage 5, social contract utilitarian orientation and Stage 6, universal principles of justice orientation). An earlier study by Kohlberg and Kramer (1969) reported attainment of principled moral reasoning in high school followed by “retrogression” to a skeptical egocentric relativism. A scoring system which better differentiates structure from content indicates that this skeptical relativism is a transitional state between conventional and principled morality rather than a retrogression. It also indicates that the high school reasoning scored as principled was only an advanced form of conventional reasoning (Stage 4, member of society orientation). It was suggested that the nature of the experiences leading to adulthood development, e.g., to principled moral thought, were somewhat different than those involved in childhood and adolescent movement to the conventional stages of moral reasoning. Development of moral thought in childhood is an increasingly adequate comprehension of existing social norms and social ideals. Accordingly, it develops through the usual experiences of social symbolic interaction and role taking. In contrast, construction of principles seems to require experiences of personal moral choice and responsibility usually supervening upon a questioning period of “moratorium.” This view of adulthood moral stages linked to experience of personal choice suggests a rapproachement between Erikson's stage theory of adult development and a more cognitive-structural stage theory. This, in turn, invites speculation as to a more ontological or religious seventh stage which might correspond to Erikson's stage of integrity–despair.
Preventive Health Care

The psychiatrist is frequently the only physician coordinating care for the psychiatric patient. Psychiatry is in a position to provide preventive services for its patients. This chapter provides basic information needed to provide preventive health care services for adults.
What is Positive Psychology and Why is it Important

Positive psychology is the scientific study of optimal human functioning, the goals of which are to better understand and apply those factors that help individuals and communities to thrive and flourish. Perusal of the literature on positive psychology reveals many potential applications of the emerging research for a diversity of people within a wide variety of settings. There seems to be no better fit, however, for positive psychology than within the therapy room. Indeed, research to date supports the notion that client conceptualizations and the incorporation of exercises informed by positive psychology can provide lasting positive outcomes for therapy clients. In this text, this chapter provides strategies and exercises that therapists can use to begin incorporating positive psychology into their work with clients.
Exploiting contacts for interactive control of animated human characters

One of the common research goals in disciplines such as computer graphics and robotics is to understand the subtleties of human motion and develop tools for recreating natural and meaningful motion. Physical simulation of virtual human characters is a promising approach since it provides a testbed for developing and testing control strategies required to execute various human behaviors. Designing generic control algorithms for simulating a wide range of human activities, which can robustly adapt to varying physical environments, has remained a primary challenge. This dissertation introduces methods for generic and robust control of virtual characters in an interactive physical environment. Our approach is to use the information of the physical contacts between the character and her environment in the control design. We leverage high-level knowledge of the kinematics goals and the interaction with the surroundings to develop active control strategies that robustly adapt to variations in the physical scene. For synthesizing intentional motion requiring long-term planning, we exploit properties of the physical model for creating efficient and robust controllers in an interactive framework. The control design leverages the reference motion capture data and the contact information with the environment for interactive long-term planning. Finally, we propose a compact soft contact model for handling contacts for rigid body virtual characters. This model aims at improving the robustness of existing control methods without adding any complexity to the control design and opens up possibilities for new control algorithms to synthesize agile human motion.
Lithostratigraphy of the Jurassic San Rafael Group from Bluff to the Abajo Mountains, southeastern Utah: Stratigraphic relationships of the Bluff Sandstone

Measured sections of Jurassic San Rafael Group strata correlated by lithostratigraphy along an ~60 km transect between Bluff and the Abajo Mountains in southeastern Utah indicate that: (1) the Carmel Formation is continuous and disconformable on the Navajo Sandstone (J-2 unconformity); (2) the Entrada Sandstone (Slick Rock Member) is continuous and conformable on the Carmel; (3) the Summerville Formation is continuous and does not intertongue with the Entrada (its base is the J-2 unconformity); (4) the Bluff Sandstone grades northward into the upper Summerville south of the Abajo Mountains; (5) the Recapture Member of the Bluff is physically continuous with at least part of the Tidwell Member of the Summerville; and (5) the base of the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Fm. is a pervasive unconformity (J-5) with demonstrable local stratigraphic relief of up to 14 m. These observations counter previous claims of extensive Entrada-Summerville intertonguing in southeastern Utah and do not support recognition of depositional sequence boundaries in the Entrada and Summerville lithosomes. Though Entrada deposition may have been by a wet eolian system, its southeastern Utah outcrops are well to the south/ southeast of any marine and paralic facies with which the Entrada intertongues.
Moderate Pressure Massage Therapy

This chapter is a review of representative data (not an exhaustive review) on moderate pressure massage therapy effects and potential underlying mechanisms for those effects. They include (1) weight gain in preterm infants, (2) pain reduction and potential underlying mechanisms for pain reduction following massage, (3) enhanced attention, (4) reduced depression and its EEG correlates, and (5) enhanced immune function. Moderate pressure massage is necessary for these effects which, in turn, may be mediated by increased vagal activity and reduced cortisol. The fMRI data from one study suggest that touch when combined with movement simulates findings on other rewarding pleasant touch.
Usability of Mobile Consumer Applications for Individuals Aging with Multiple Sclerosis

The majority of individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience a major decline in their abilities due to the progression of MS after five years post-diagnosis. Following this period, they need to learn how to cope with the functional limitations caused by the disease and how to age with MS. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centres advise that individuals with MS take control of decisions affecting their wellness and life and self-manage their disease as often as possible. Mobile health technologies provide potential support for disease self-management. There are currently nine MS-specific mobile applications on the market to help individuals with MS manage their health and daily activities. However, none of these apps was tested with their target population. Moreover, many individuals with MS have numerous usability problems with current mobile touchscreen interfaces. Therefore, the existing apps need to be usable by individuals with MS, as well as people aging with this mobility-affecting chronic disease. This research contributed to the state-of-knowledge about the design of mobile interfaces for people aging with MS and tested current mobile interfaces with people with MS and older adults to provide recommendations for the design of mobile interfaces for people aging with MS to further inform the design of the mobile application for individuals aging with MS.
Comparing the performance of 3 bioaerosol samplers for influenza virus.

Abstract Respiratory viral diseases can be spread when a virus-containing particle (droplet) from one individual is aerosolized and subsequently comes into either direct or indirect contact with another individual. Increasing numbers of studies are examining the occupational risk to healthcare workers due to proximity to patients. Selecting the appropriate air sampling method is a critical factor in assuring the analytical performance characteristics of a clinical study. The objective of this study was to compare the physical collection efficiency and virus collection efficiency of a 5 mL compact SKC BioSampler®, a gelatin filter, and a glass fiber filter, in a laboratory setting. The gelatin filter and the glass fiber filter were housed in a home-made filter holder. Submersion (with vortexing and subsequent centrifugation) was used for the gelatin and glass fiber filters. Swabbing method was also tested to retrieve the viruses from the glass fiber filter. Experiments were conducted using the H1N1 influenza A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (IAV-PR8), and viral recovery was determined using culture and commercial real-time-PCR (BioFire and Xpert). An atomizer was used to aerosolize a solution of influenza virus in PBS for measurement, and two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers were used to determine particle size distributions. The SKC BioSampler demonstrated a U-shaped physical collection efficiency, lowest for particles around 30–50 nm, and highest at 10 nm and 300–350 nm within the size range examined. The physical collection efficiency of the gelatin filter was strongly influenced by air flow and time: a stable collection across all particle sizes was only observed at 2 L/min for the 9 min sampling time, otherwise, degradation of the filter was observed. The glass fiber filter demonstrated the highest physical collection efficiency (100% for all sizes) of all tested samplers, however, its overall virus recovery efficiency fared the worst (too low to quantify). The highest viral collection efficiencies for the SKC BioSampler and gelatin filter were 5% and 1.5%, respectively. Overall, the SKC BioSampler outperformed the filters. It is important to consider the total concentration of viruses entering the sampler when interpreting the results.
Structural Health Monitoring of Aero-Engines in Non-stationary Operations

With the ultimate goal of rotating machinery diagnosis using Instantaneous Angular Speed (IAS) and Time of Arrival (TOA) signals, this paper provides the theoretical background of non-stationary processes existing in the aero-engines and their monitoring using atypical encoders (e.g. fans, compressors and turbine blades cooperating with the induction sensors, AC and DC generators). The model of TOA signal including aperiodic, periodic and stochastics components has been described. The classical and expert approach to monitoring of operational and structural health parameters (CM, NDT, SHM) of aircraft and its power transmission system has been also described. Finally, the experience of the Tip Timing method used in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland is presented. The possibility of structural health monitoring and active controlling of the material fatigue by the aero-engine user through interference in the fuel system adjustment quality has been confirmed. Phase portraits have been used to analyze TOA components in transient state of the engine. Diagnostic criteria and expert algorithms have been verified during active and passive experiments.
CARDIAC THROMBOSIS IN ACUTE ANTERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: EVALUATION OF HOSPITAL MORTALITY, THROMBOEMBOLISM AND BLEEDING

Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a well-known complication of acute myocardial infarction, most commonly seen in anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It is associated with systemic thromboembolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of LVT on in-hospital
The sense of personal control: Social structural causes and emotional consequences.

The sense of personal control is the cognitive link between social structural conditions and emotional distress. The sense of personal control is the perception that one’s life is shaped by one’s own efforts and actions. Perceived control versus powerlessness is the cognitive imprint of structured inequality, disadvantage, and objective powerlessness, including socioeconomic status and its elements (educational attainment, work, and income); gender, age, neighborhoods, and race/ethnicity. A low sense of personal control in turn leads to depression, anxiety, and anger.
Thulium Resection of Prostate

The high-power thulium laser was introduced in 2005 for the treatment of BPH. So far the vast majority of published studies using the thulium laser for BPH have employed enucleation, vapoenucleation, or laser resection techniques with very few describing pure vaporization. Studies using the 70–120 W thulium laser systems demonstrate good efficacy of these procedures with low morbidity and few complications. Our technique for thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (ThuVP) is simple, systematic, and is fully described in this chapter. Short-term data demonstrate significant improvements in IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR. The procedure may be done on an outpatient basis, and low morbidity is experienced.
Superresolution stacking based on sparse Radon transform

ABSTRACTNormal moveout (NMO) correction is routinely applied to each common-midpoint (CMP) gather before forming a stack section. Trace stretching is inherent in the conventional NMO correction, ca...
Inhibitory Receptors and Pathways of Lymphocytes: The Role of PD-1 in Treg Development and Their Involvement in Autoimmunity Onset and Cancer Progression

Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a subpopulation of suppressor CD4+ T cells critically involved in the establishment of peripheral tolerance through the inhibition of effector T (Teff) cells and the suppression of the immune-mediated tissue destruction toward self-antigens. Treg generation, their suppressive properties and also Treg-Teff cell interactions could be modulated at least in part by programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression on their surface and through binding between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Defects involving PD-1 and Tregs can lead to the development of pathological conditions, including autoimmune disorders or promote cancer progression by favoring tumor evasion from the host immune response. At the same time, PD-1 and Tregs could represent attractive targets for treatment, as demonstrated by the therapeutic blockade of PD-L1 applied for the management of different cancer conditions in humans. In the present Review, we focus specifically the role of PD-1/PD-L1 on Treg development and activity.
Free Market in a Small Republic—Economic Doctrines of Jeffersonians and Jacksonians

In this chapter, Jeffersonian and Jacksonian traditions in economic theory were reviewed. We found the basic continuity with the essential libertarian motiffs of the revolutionary thought (free trade, low taxes) but with an increasing level of theoretical sophistication: drawing inspiration from Adam Smith and French liberals, Jefferson, John Taylor and their followers, as well as Jacksonian economists like Leggett, Ragouet, or Gouge forged a powerful theoretical models explaining monetary and banking theory, free trade, nexus between the government and the economy, in a libertarian manner, anticipating some of the motives and arguments of the free market economic thought of the twentieth century. Also, we find further evidence of a deep affinity between political decentralization and economic liberty. These findings cast a strong doubt on the conventional treatments of Jeffersonian and Jacksonian economics as being variously “agrarian” or egalitarian or proto-socialist. It is shown that this is incorrect and that the main reason for these misguided interpretations is a conceptual confusion about what capitalism means—historians very often treat mercantilist and protectionist policies as synonymous with “commercial liberalism” because it is enacted for the benefit of some business interests, and free market thought as agrarian.
Comparative Evaluation of Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators.

Summary Imaging voltage using fluorescent-based sensors could be an ideal technique to probe neural circuits with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, due to insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), imaging membrane potential in mammalian preparations is still challenging. In recent years, many genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) have been developed. To compare them and guide decisions on which GEVI to use, we have characterized side by side the performance of eight GEVIs that represent different families of molecular constructs. We tested GEVIs in vitro with 1-photon imaging and in vivo with 1-photon wide-field imaging and 2-photon imaging. We find that QuasAr2 exhibited the best performance in vitro, whereas only ArcLight-MT could be used to reliably detect electrical activity in vivo with 2-photon excitation. No single GEVI was ideal for every experiment. These results provide a guide for choosing optimal GEVIs for specific applications.
Raman Scattering with High Gain Multiple-Pass Cells

We describe a simple optical system that utilizes a unique property of ellipsoidal mirrors, viz., light brought to one focus will be reflected alternately through the two foci and collapse to the major axis. Raman-scattered light from atmospheric N2 indicate that gains on the order of 100 are achieved with this new system.
Seismic wavefield imaging of Earth’s interior across scales

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) for imaging Earth’s interior was introduced in the late 1970s. Its ultimate goal is to use all of the information in a seismogram to understand the structure and dynamics of Earth, such as hydrocarbon reservoirs, the nature of hotspots and the forces behind plate motions and earthquakes. Thanks to developments in high-performance computing and advances in modern numerical methods in the past 10 years, 3D FWI has become feasible for a wide range of applications and is currently used across nine orders of magnitude in frequency and wavelength. A typical FWI workflow includes selecting seismic sources and a starting model, conducting forward simulations, calculating and evaluating the misfit, and optimizing the simulated model until the observed and modelled seismograms converge on a single model. This method has revealed Pleistocene ice scrapes beneath a gas cloud in the Valhall oil field, overthrusted Iberian crust in the western Pyrenees mountains, deep slabs in subduction zones throughout the world and the shape of the African superplume. The increased use of multi-parameter inversions, improved computational and algorithmic efficiency, and the inclusion of Bayesian statistics in the optimization process all stand to substantially improve FWI, overcoming current computational or data-quality constraints. In this Technical Review, FWI methods and applications in controlled-source and earthquake seismology are discussed, followed by a perspective on the future of FWI, which will ultimately result in increased insight into the physics and chemistry of Earth’s interior. Advances in numerical methods and high-performance computing have enabled imaging of Earth’s interior across scales using the physics of seismic-wave propagation. This Technical Review summarizes the use of full-waveform inversion in controlled-source and earthquake seismology.
Fatigue Symptoms During the First Year Following ARDS.

Background Fatigue is commonly reported by ARDS survivors, but empirical data are scarce. Research Question This study evaluated fatigue prevalence and associated variables in a prospective study of ARDS survivors. Study Design and Methods This analysis is part of the ARDSNet Long-Term Outcomes Study (ALTOS) conducted at 38 US hospitals. Using age- and sex-adjusted, time-averaged random effects regression models, we evaluated associations between the validated Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale with patient and critical illness variables, and with physical, cognitive, and mental health status at 6 and 12 months following ARDS. Results Among ARDS survivors, 501 of 711 (70%) and 436 of 659 (66%) reported clinically significant symptoms of fatigue at 6 and 12 months, respectively, with 41% and 28% reporting clinically important improvement and worsening (n = 638). At 6 months, the prevalence of fatigue (70%) was greater than that of impaired physical functioning (50%), anxiety (42%), and depression (36%); 46% reported both impaired physical function and fatigue, and 27% reported co-existing anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Fatigue was less severe in men and in those employed prior to ARDS. Critical illness variables (eg, illness severity, length of stay) had little association with fatigue symptoms. Worse physical, cognitive, and mental health symptoms were associated with greater fatigue at both the 6- and 12-month follow-up. Interpretation During the first year following ARDS, more than two-thirds of survivors reported clinically significant fatigue symptoms. Due to frequent co-occurrence, clinicians should evaluate and manage survivors’ physical, cognitive, and mental health status when fatigue is endorsed.
Development of a Cationic Amphiphilic Helical Peptidomimetic (B18L) As A Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Lead

BST-2 is a novel driver of cancer progression whose expression confers oncogenic properties to breast cancer cells. As such, targeting BST-2 in tumors may be an effective therapeutic approach against breast cancer. Here, we sought to develop potent cytotoxic anti-cancer agent using the second-generation BST-2-based anti-adhesion peptide, B18, as backbone. To this end, we designed a series of five B18-derived peptidomimetics. Among these, B18L, a cationic amphiphilic α-helical peptidomimetic, was selected as the drug lead because it displayed superior anti-cancer activity against both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cancer cells, with minimal toxicity on normal cells. Probing mechanism of action using molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical and membrane biophysics studies, we observed that B18L binds BST-2 and possesses membranolytic characteristics. Furthermore, molecular biology studies show that B18L dysregulates cancer signaling pathways resulting in decreased Src and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins, caspase 3 cleavage products, as well as processing of the caspase substrate, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), to the characteristic apoptotic fragment. These data indicate that through the coordinated regulation of membrane, mitochondrial and signaling events, B18L executes cancer cell death and thus has the potential to be developed into a potent and selective anti-cancer compound.
Disparities in Prescription Opioid Misuse Affecting Sexual Minority Adults Are Attenuated by Depression and Suicidal Ideation

Purpose: Heightened rates of prescription opioid misuse have been observed among sexual minority (SM) compared with heterosexual populations. In addition, depression and suicidal ideation are risk ...
Big Data: Present and Future

Big Data in the 21st century will impact every individual, organization, and government. Organizations must invest in Big Data tools for business growth and efficiency while protecting data privacy as we continue toward digitization and datafication. Big Data has enabled faster data processing and cost reduction by switching to cloud-based analytics, thus reducing the hardware and associated infrastructure needed for data storage and processing.
Integrating Usability Testing into the Design and Development of Data Dissemination Platform for U.S. Official Statistics

The U.S. Census Bureau serves as the leading source of statistical data about the nation's people and economy, and has the responsibility of disseminating the data for public use. To accomplish this mission, an initiative was undertaken to develop a platform that makes the data easier to find, use, and access the official statistical data effectively and efficiently. In this paper, we will describe a human-centered approach to designing and developing the platform, in particular, the process of incremental improvement in search functionality and search results presentation through usability evaluation. The process involves user research, expert review of design concept, low-fidelity wireframe usability testing, high-fidelity usability evaluation, and collaboration between the government agency and academic institutions. Our progress made so far in this project demonstrates the soundness of this human-centered approach.
Exploring the Major and Career Decisions of Homeland Security Students

Homeland security programs have grown dramatically throughout the past twenty years. While extensive research has been conducted to identify the need, legitimacy, and core competencies of such programs, there is a dearth of information regarding homeland security students' education and career decisions. This exploratory study extends similar questions in criminal justice student decision-making to homeland security, examining the influencing factors and demographics of 63 homeland security students’ college major and career decisions. Findings demonstrate that homeland security students are primarily planning to work within the homeland security field, specifically in counterterrorism and emergency management roles, and preferably at the federal level. Comprehension of the type of student pursuing a homeland security degree and their goals can inform such programs on how to build on prior knowledge and better assist students in preparing for homeland security careers.
Role of Counselling on Study Skills among Secondary School Students

The basic objective of this research is to assess the effect of counselling on study skills among secondary school students. In this study Sample consist of 120 students divided into 60 girls and 60 boys. 9th class students chosen from school of Kota city for this study. Random sampling method was used to collect the data. To assess the level of study skills, habit and attitude C.P Mathur test used. Mean, SD and t-test used for statistical analysis of data. Result found that there is no difference between boys and girls this study also found that counselling plays a significant role in study skills of secondary school students.
Implementation of a self-measured blood pressure program in a community pharmacy: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the United States and is costing the health care system billions of dollars annually. A health program that combines education, empowerment, and monitoring has shown to improve clinical outcomes and decrease overall health care costs. OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation and effectiveness of a self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) program in a community pharmacy. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION An independent community pharmacy located within rural Southeast Missouri. On-site community pharmacists provide medication therapy management, adherence monitoring, immunizations, and reimbursed clinical services. PRACTICE INNOVATION Patients were eligible if they were older than 18 years of age and fell into one of the following categories: self-reported a new hypertension diagnosis, self-reported a desire to SMBP, were referred by a provider, or had a medication change within the 3 months before enrollment. The program consisted of 4 patient sessions. The first session obtained an initial blood pressure and provided patient education and behavior counseling. Follow-up sessions obtained average SMBP readings and reinforced previously learned concepts. EVALUATION METHODS Implementation was evaluated using time and patient satisfaction. Effectiveness was evaluated using number and type of clinical problems identified, BP measurements, and test scores. RESULTS A total of 20 patients enrolled and completed the study. The program took 63 minutes (SD ± 18) of staff time per patient for recruitment, sessions, reminder calls, and documentation. All patients received education and monitoring and 11 additional clinical problems were documented. Systolic BP decreased an average of 17 mm Hg (P = 0.002), and diastolic BP decreased an average of 12 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Patient confidence scores increased by 14%, and 7 more patients correctly answered the post-test knowledge question. All patients reported overall satisfaction with the program as "satisfied" or "very satisfied." CONCLUSION This standardized SMBP program effectively improved hypertension control and patient confidence in managing BP.
Binding of Nuclei to Monopoles

The Hamiltonian describing the motion of a nucleus in the magnetic field of a monopole is $$ H = \frac{1} {{2M}}\left[ {p_r^2 + \frac{{\Lambda ^2 - \nu ^2 - \eta \vec S\cdot\hat r}} {{r^2 }}} \right] $$ (1) where $$ \vec \Lambda = \vec r \times \left( {\vec p - Q\vec A\left( {\vec r} \right)} \right) - \nu \hat r $$ (2) is orbital plus field angular momentum, with eigenvalues \( \lambda = \nu ,\nu + 1, \ldots ;\vec A \) is the vector potential of the monopole’s field.
Designing and Using Parallel Architectures

The world of parallel architectures badly needs methodologies for: 1. assessing the relative powers of parallel architectures — by simulating architecture A on architecture B efficiently on general computations on important specific classes of algorithms 2. efficiently and effectively “programming” a given architecture — by seeking algorithmic paradigms, not ad hoc algorithms, via: simulating “ideal” architectures exploiting algorithmic structure 3. accommodating the technology used to implement a given architecture — by achieving graceful degradation of computational efficiency and: preservation of architectural structure (to preserve programmability and program efficiency); selective salvage of fault-free parts (to enhance computational efficiency).
Two aromatase inhibitors inhibit the ability of a third to promote mating in male rats

Aromatase, the enzyme that aromatizes androstenedione (A) to estrone and testosterone (T) to estradiol (E), affects androgen control of male sex behavior in many vertebrates. In male monkeys, rats and quail, E mimics the ability of T to promote mating, and aromatase inhibitors block mating induced by T but not E. Aromatase inhibitors include androgens with different A-rings than T and A, e.g., 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD), azoles, e.g., fadrozole, and androgens α-halogenated at carbon 6, e.g., 6α-bromoA, 6α-fluoroA and 6α-fluoroT. 6α-FluoroT is the only 6α-halogenated androgen studied in regard to mating. It promotes mating in male rats and quail and was studied, before it was known to inhibit aromatase, because it cannot be aromatized yet has the same A-ring as T. 6α-FluoroT might promote mating by binding estrogen receptors (ER) directly, i.e., unassisted, or by metabolism to an androgen that binds ER. Since neither process would require aromatase, this study tested both hypotheses by determining how mating induced in castrated male rats by 6α-fluoroT is affected by ATD and fadrozole. Both aromatase inhibitors inhibited the effects of 6α-fluoroT on mating. Thus, 6α-fluoroT does not promote mating by direct ER binding or metabolism to another androgen. Since aromatase underlies a process in which 6α-fluoroT, unlike most nonaromatizable androgens, mimics T effects on male sex behavior, the process must involve a feature that 6α-fluoroT shares with T but not other nonaromatizable androgens. A-ring structure is a candidate. A hypothesis is also offered for how aromatase may participate without aromatizing the androgen.
Regenerative Biology of Tendon: Mechanisms for Renewal and Repair

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tissue turnover and repair are essential towards addressing pathologies in aging, injury and disease. Each tissue has distinct means of maintaining homeostasis and healing after injury. For some, resident stem cell populations mediate both of these processes. These stem cells, by definition, are self renewing and give rise to all the differentiated cells of that tissue. However, not all organs fit with this traditional stem cell model of regeneration, and some do not appear to harbor somatic stem or progenitor cells capable of multilineage in vivo reconstitution. Despite recent progress in tendon progenitor cell research, our current knowledge of the mechanisms regulating tendon cell homeostasis and injury response is limited. Understanding the role of resident tendon cell populations is of great importance for regenerative medicine based approaches to tendon injuries and disease. The goal of this review is to bring to light our current knowledge regarding tendon progenitor cells and their role in tissue maintenance and repair. We will focus on pressing questions in the field and the new tools, including model systems, available to address them.
Social networking with Web 2.0: A comparative study of on-campus and online students

In this presentation Barbara Frey and Lorna Kearns summarize a study of back channel communication that took place at the University of Pittsburgh among on-campus and online learners enrolled in the Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) program in summer 2008. They define “back channel communication” as the communication in which students engage outside of the structured course activities and discussions. It includes telephone conversations, social networking, email, RSS readers, calendaring, and instant/text messaging. In particular, they compare the use of social technologies and communication strategies between the on-campus and online students and discuss how usage varies according to age. Situating the presentation within the context of social learning, they will discuss how this communication enhances student learning and satisfaction with their program.
Digital clay: architecture designs for shape-generating mechanisms

This paper examines the kinematic design of digital clay, a new type of computer interface that creates 3-D shapes that a user can interact with. After enumerating the design specifications for the digital clay, a new set of kinematic architectures is introduced: the formable crust architectures. These formable crust mechanisms can form shapes in much the same way a piece of fabric would and have tremendous potential for shape generation. Two measures, the surface freedom measure and the freedom from ground measure, are introduced to aid in evaluating potential designs. Finally, the various architectures are evaluated and compared.
Dynamic elastic and static viscoelastic stress-relaxation properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit of men and women

The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic elastic and static viscoelastic stress-relaxation (VSR) properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit (MTU) between men and women. A Kin-Com® dynamometer moved the ankle of 15 men and 14 women (age range 23-35 years) from plantarflexion to maximal dorsiflexion (DF) at 5°/s with negligible surface electromyogram activity to measure the dynamic passive elastic properties. The ankle was then moved to three DF angles defined at 100%, 90% and 80% of the maximal DF force and held for 60 s each to measure the static VSR as the torque decline. ANOVA procedures indicated that the men had greater absolute dynamic maximal passive DF torque, full stretch mean torque, absorbed passive elastic energy (area under the curve) and passive elastic stiffness through the full stretch and through the last 10° of the stretch (P ≤ 0.014). All but the full stretch stiffness remained significantly greater when controlled for body mass (P ≤ 0.042). The absolute torque decline for the three static stretches showed significant group, time and interaction effects (P < 0.001). The percent torque decline during the first 15 s of static stretch, normalized to the total percent decline (100%), was greater for men at the 90% (P = 0.049) and 80% (P = 0.036) stretch angles. The results indicated that the calf MTU of men has greater dynamic elastic and static VSR properties than women, which may influence ambulatory functional activities and adaptations to therapeutic stretching.
Medical Support for Pershing's Punitive Expedition in Mexico, 1916–1917

Pershing's Punitive Expedition had adequate medical support despite deliberately limited in-theater resources. The few casualties did not strain the inadequate number of forward providers. Preventive medicine was highly successful due to significant medical and command emphasis. New technologies were useful and helped minimize the medical footprint. National Guard troops mobilized to support the Expedition had troublesome medical readiness rates.
Content Validation of a Novel Screening Tool to Identify Emergency Department Patients With Significant Palliative Care Needs.

Background The emergency department (ED) is increasingly used by patients with life-limiting illness. These patients are frequently admitted to the hospital, where they suffer from poorly controlled symptoms and are often subjected to marginally effective therapies. Palliative care (PC) has emerged as the specialty that cares for patients with advanced illness. PC has been shown to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and decrease resource utilization. Unfortunately, most patients who could benefit from PC are never identified. At present, there exists no validated screening tool to identify significant unmet PC needs among ED patients with life-limiting illness. Objectives The objective was to develop a simple, content-valid screening tool for use by ED providers to identify ED patients with significant PC needs. A positive screen would result in an inpatient PC consultation. Methods An initial screening tool was developed based on a critical review of the literature. Content validity was determined by a two-round modified Delphi technique using a panel of PC experts. The expert panel reviewed the items of the tool for accuracy and necessity using a Likert scale and provided narrative feedback. Expert's responses were aggregated and analyzed to revise the tool until consensus was achieved. Greater than 80% agreement, as well as meeting Lawshe's critical values, was required to achieve consensus. Results Fifteen experts completed two rounds of surveys to reach consensus on the content validity of the tool. Three screening items were accepted with minimal revisions. The remaining items were revised, condensed, or eliminated. The final tool contains 13 items divided into three steps: 1) presence of a life-limiting illness, 2) unmet PC needs, and 3) hospital admission. The majority of panelists (86%) endorsed adoption of the final screening tool. Conclusions Use of a modified Delphi technique resulted in the creation of a content-validated screening tool for identification of ED patients with significant unmet PC needs. Further validation testing of the instrument is warranted.
Robotic spherical near-field measurements at 183 GHz +

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a new robotic scanning system, the CROMMA (Configurable RObotic MilliMeter-wave Antenna) Facility, for performing near-field measurements at frequencies above 100 GHz. This cost-effective system is designed for high-frequency applications, is based on an industrial robot (pictured), is capable of scanning in multiple configurations, and is able to track measurement geometry at every point in a scan. The RF measurements are made with a vector network analyzer. At every measurement point, relative position and orientation are also recorded with a laser tracker system. The system has been used to achieve a positioning accuracy of about 22 µm RMS, which should be sufficient to allow near-field measurements up to about 500 GHz. We are currently qualifying the CROMMA Facility and evaluating its limitations. The system is capable of planar, spherical, cylindrical, or mixed-geometry scanning. Position and orientation information allow us to assess the quality of the alignment and will eventually allow implementation of position and orientation correction algorithms for canonical geometries and mixtures of them. This system is described in more detail in (M.H. Francis et al., Proc. AMTA 2014, pp. 231 – 234).
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate protects astrocytes from hypoxic damage.

Summary: To determine the effects of glucose and fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate (FDP) on hypoxic cell damage, primary cultures of astrocytes were incubated for 18 h in an air-tight chamber that had been flushed with 95% N2/5% CO2 for 15 min before it was sealed. Cultures containing 7.5 mM glucose without FDP or FDP without glucose showed evidence of significant cell injury after 18 h of hypoxia (increased lactate dehydrogenase content in the culture medium; cell edema and disruption by phase-contrast microscopy). Cultures exposed to glucose + FDP had normal lactate dehydrogenase concentrations and appeared normal microscopically. Maximal protection of hypoxic cells occurred at 6.0 mM FDP. Lactate concentrations of the culture medium of hypoxic cells increased 2.5 times above normoxic control values when glucose was present, but neither FDP alone nor glucose + FDP caused the lactate concentrations to increase further. This implies that anaerobic glycolysis was not increased by adding FDP to the medium. Cell volumes (water space) measured with [14C]-3-0-methyl-D-glucose were normal with glucose + FDP in the culture medium of hypoxic cells but were significantly larger than normal when glucose alone was present. Increases in cell volume paralleled changes in lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium. Uptake of [14C]FDP occurred rapidly in normoxic cells and was maximal after 5 min of incubation. The data indicate that the presence of glucose + FDP in the culture medium protects primary cultures of hypoxic astrocytes from cell damage
Preservation of Avian Malaria Parasites by Low-Temperature Freezing.∗:

SummarySeven species of avian malaria plasmodia have been successfully preserved for periods up to 90 days by low-temperature freezing. Very rapid freezing” and thawing seem of more importance than the occurrence of fairly considerable temperature variations. For maintaining stocks of malaria for research or class use this method of preservation has much potential importance. It is probable that all species of plasmodia can be preserved in this way equally well. And it does not appear that different stages of the parasite are much differently affected.
Phase II study of MOPLACE chemotherapy for patients with previously treated Hodgkin's disease : a CALGB study

To further evaluate possible non-cross-resistant regimens in Hodgkin's disease, a phase II trial utilizing antimetabolites and etoposide was initiated by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). Etoposide was included because of its known efficacy in relapsed Hodgkin's disease and to evaluate for synergy with an alkylating agent and vincristine. Cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate were included to evaluate their effectiveness in rapidly growing resistant disease. Forty-two patients with previously treated Hodgkin's disease were entered, of which 37 are evaluable for response and toxicity. All patients had at least 2 prior regimens of chemotherapy and 59% had additional radiation therapy. Complete and partial response was observed in 61%; there were 32% complete responders. Duration of complete response was a median of 8 months (range 2-28+ months). Duration of partial response was 7 months (range 1-17 months). Three patients remain in complete remission at 19, 19, and 28 months. Major toxicity was hematologic with severe or life-threatening toxicity in 54%. There was one patient with a fatal infection. Non-hematologic toxicity, save for nausea and vomiting, was mild and uncommon. There were two fatal and one severe pulmonary toxicities reported in patients who had previous exposure to bleomycin and mediastinal radiation. Three had interstitial pneumonitis and one pulmonary emboli. The interstitial pneumonitis was thought to be drug related. Survival of the entire group is estimated at 61% at 12 months. We conclude that MOPLACE is an effective regimen with an appreciable complete response rate in this heavily pretreated group of patients. Hematologic and pulmonary toxicities are severe and may necessitate dose modifications. The use of etoposide containing combinations requires further study as primary therapy in untreated patients.