cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cation–π complexes of a bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Circumtrindene (1), a C36H12 geodesic polyarene that represents 60% of fullerene-C60, forms cation–π complexes with both silver ion (1·Ag+) and tetramethylammonium ion [(Me)4N+·1] in chloroform solution at room temperature (Ka>20 M−1 for both cations). Preferential binding in the concave pocket of 1 is predicted by DFT calculations for both cations; however, this stereochemical assignment has not yet been confirmed experimentally. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HeNe plasma oscillator and regenerative amplifier

Abstract A new type of gas plasma oscillations is reported, obtained by shunting the plasma with an external capacitor. This configuration can work as an oscillator or as a regenerative amplifier.
Mixed Convection from a Vertical Plate in Porous Media with Surface Injection or Suction

ABSTRACT The problem of mixed convection along an isothermal vertical plate in porous media with uniform surface injection or suction is studied. The analysis deals with the entire regime of mixed convection by introducing a single parameter X= [1+ (Rax / Pex )1/2]-1 where X= 1 corresponds to pure forced convection and x = 0 to pure free convection. This x parameter describes both buoyancy and forced flow effects. The nonsimilar variable ξ=(ϑ0x /α) (pex 1/2 + Rax 1/2)-1 represents the effect of injection (ϑ0> 0 or ξ> 0) or suction (ϑ< 0 or xi < 0) at the wall. The transformed nonlinear system of equations involving these parameters is solved using a finite difference method. Results are presented for temperature and velocity profiles, local wall shear stress, and local Nusselt number for the buoyancy assisting flow condition. It is found that suction increases, whereas injection decreases, the rate of heat transfer at the wall. Correlation equations are given for the local and average Nusselt numbers.
Beyond search: statistical topic models for text analysis

Search is generally a means to the end of finishing a task. While the current search engines are useful to users for finding relevant information, they offer little help to users for further digesting and analyzing the overwhelming found information needed for finishing a complex task. In this talk, I will discuss how statistical topic models can be used to help users analyze and digest the found relevant information and turn search results into actionable knowledge needed to complete a task. I will present several general statistical topic models for extracting and analyzing topics and their patterns in text, and show sample applications of such models in tasks such as opinion integration, comparative summarization, contextual topic trend analysis, and event impact analysis. The talk will conclude with a discussion of novel challenges raised in extending a search engine to an analysis engine that can go beyond search to provide more complete support for users to finish their tasks.
Imagined Power: The Secret Life of Colonel House

(1998). Imagined Power: The Secret Life of Colonel House. The Historian: Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 741-755.
Boundaries for a healthy planet.

The article discusses thresholds set by scientists regarding key environmental processes and how it could threaten Earth's habitability if the threshold limits are crossed. Advances in public health, the industrial revolution, and the green revolution have caused a surge in the human population. The author suggests that the use of resources is fueled by affluence and has caused the expansion of pollution across the globe. Topics include an in-depth discussion on how humans can avoid the catastrophic changes that would have dangerous consequences for humankind, such as ocean acidification, climate change, and the loss of biodiversity. The need to switch to low-carbon energy sources, reduce land clearing, and practice sustainable agriculture is also discussed. INSET: PUSHING THE LIMIT.
The carbon-13 spectra of steroids on the way to ecdysone

A combination of chemical shift reagent effects, partially relaxed spectra, and carbon T1 measurements have been used to assign the chemical shifts of the carbons in seven different steroids which have served as intermediates in a synthesis of the steroid moulting hormone ecdysone. The assignments of ergosterol have been completed. It has been shown that the T1's are consistent with the molecular structures.
Effect of daily clenbuterol and exogenous melatonin treatment on body fat, serum leptin and the expression of seasonal anestrus in the mare.

Abstract A small percentage of mature mares continue to exhibit estrous cyclicity during the non-breeding season which is of interest because of the importance of timing of the breeding season to the equine breeding industry. Previously, it was demonstrated that the continuation of estrous cycles was more likely to occur in mature than young mares. Additionally, an apparent association exists between elevated body fat and increased circulating concentrations of leptin, and the occurrence of estrous cycles during the non-breeding season. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that pharmacological manipulation of body fat and leptin by administration of the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol, with and without continuous treatment with melatonin, would increase the proportion of mares entering anestrus or advance its timing. In Experiment 1, eight mature mares were administered clenbuterol (3.2 μg/kg) daily from October through January and six mares were untreated. In Experiment 2, eight mares were administered clenbuterol daily from June through December, eight mares were treated with continuous release melatonin implants, and seven mares were treated with both clenbuterol and melatonin. Melatonin treatment was included to confirm previous results that constant treatment with melatonin did not advance the timing of anestrus. In both studies, leptin concentrations (P 0.05). The results demonstrate the manipulation of body condition via pharmacological intervention does not modify the mechanisms controlling seasonal anestrus in the mare.
Comprehensive evaluation of the role of EZH2 in the growth, invasion, and aggression of a panel of prostate cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND Although most prostate cancers respond well to initial treatments, a fraction of prostate cancers are more aggressive and will recur and metastasize. At that point, there are few treatment options available. Significant efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that will identify these more aggressive cancers to tailor a more vigorous treatment in order to improve outcome. Polycomb Group protein enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) was found to be overexpressed in metastatic prostate tumors, and is considered an excellent candidate for such a biomarker. Scattered studies have found that EZH2 overexpression causes neoplastic transformation, invasion, and growth of prostate cells. However, these studies utilized different systems and cell lines, and so are difficult to correlate with one another. METHODS In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of the phenotypic effects of EZH2 in a panel of five prostate cancer cell lines was performed. By using multiple cell lines, and examining overexpression and knockdown of EZH2 concurrently, a broad view of EZH2's role in prostate cancer was achieved. RESULTS Overexpression of EZH2 led to more aggressive behaviors in all prostate cell lines tested. In contrast, downregulation of EZH2 reduced invasion and tumorigenicity of androgen-independent (AI) cell lines CWR22Rv1, PC3, and DU145, but not of androgen-dependent (AD) cell lines LAPC4 and LNCaP. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that AI prostate tumors are more dependent on EZH2 expression than AD tumors. Our observations provide an explanation for the strong correlation between EZH2 overexpression and advanced stage, aggressive prostate cancers. Prostate 70: 675–688, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Biofeedback and Relaxation Training on Hand Warming

Finger pulse volume (FPV) biofeedback, relaxation training (RT), and finger temperature (FT) biofeedback were compared for their effectiveness in the alteration of hand temperature (HT). It was hypothesized that the use of FPV, a more direct measure of peripheral blood flow, should be more effective in producing hand warming than the demonstrably latent FT or the less direct RT manipulation. No significant difference in HT alteration was found between the two biofeedback training groups and neither the finger temperature nor finger pulse volume biofeedback groups were more successful than the relaxation training group in the alteration of HT. No significant differences were found in the alteration of FPV among the three groups. A major finding of this study indicates that all groups produced a significant inverted U training function across trials for both FT and FPV. In all cases, rapid learning was demonstrated in the early trials followed by a decline toward baseline in the later trials. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of strategy formation, frustration, saturation, and the limitations of the physiological learning process.
Evaluating the use of public PC workstations at the Arizona State University Libraries

From the moment the ASU Libraries migrated from dumb terminals to PC workstations for access to electronic resources, there was great concern that these workstations would be used “inappropriately”. Whether students should be allowed to check their e‐mail from the workstations was debated, as was the need to restrict access to the Internet. The Information Technology division at the University was concerned with how the Library would provide accountability for anything that happened at a public workstation. After much discussion, it was decided that the Library PC workstations would provide unrestricted access to the Internet. Telnet access was limited to library‐related resources requiring Telnet, in an effort to keep students from doing computing assignments and personal e‐mail on these workstations. The systems department developed an approach to data collection that included both an observational system and an electronic data collection system, using sampling techniques, to collect data on the use of the PC workstations at the main library (Hayden) at Arizona State University. This presentation will describe the data collection techniques, the results of data analysis, and how the results of data analysis are being used to better manage the PC workstations in the Library.
Thermophysical characteristics of shear-coaxial LOX–H2 flames at supercritical pressure

Abstract The thermophysical characteristics of a liquid-oxygen–hydrogen flame at supercritical pressure are investigated, with emphasis placed on the near-field region just downstream of a shear-coaxial injector element. Results are presented from a series of hierarchical high-fidelity simulations for a condition where oxygen is injected in a cryogenic state, at a subcritical temperature and supercritical pressure, and hydrogen is injected in a supercritical state. This condition has significant technical relevance in liquid-rocket engines, but is not well understood and has not been well quantified to date. For this situation, a diffusion dominated mode of combustion occurs in the presence of exceedingly large thermophysical property gradients. The flame anchors itself in the interfacial region of high shear that exists between the liquid-oxygen core and the annular hydrogen jet, and intensifies the respective property gradients such that they approach the behavior of a contact discontinuity. Significant real-gas effects and transport anomalies coexist locally in colder regions of the flow, with ideal gas and transport characteristics occurring within the flame zone. The current analysis provides one of the first quantitative characterizations of the flame structure and associated property variations in liquid-oxygen–hydrogen flames at supercritical pressure.
Dynamic data driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurement system

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is a fitted distribution function that defines the scatter of light off of a surface. The BRDF is dependent on the directions of both the incident and scattered light. Because of the vastness of the measurement space of all possible incident and reflected directions, the calculation of BRDF is usually performed using a minimal amount of measured data. This may lead to poor fits and uncertainty in certain regions of incidence or reflection. A dynamic data driven application system (DDDAS) is a concept that uses an algorithm on collected data to influence the collection space of future data acquisition. The authors propose a DDD-BRDF algorithm that fits BRDF data as it is being acquired and uses on-the-fly fittings of various BRDF models to adjust the potential measurement space. In doing so, it is hoped to find the best model to fit a surface and the best global fit of the BRDF with a minimum amount of collection space.
The unfolded protein response of B-lymphocytes: PERK-independent development of antibody-secreting cells

When B-lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells, immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain synthesis escalates and the entire secretory apparatus expands to support high-rate antibody secretion. These same events occur when murine B-cells are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), providing an in vitro model in which to investigate the differentiation process. The unfolded protein response (UPR), a multi-pathway signaling response emanating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, allows cells to adapt to increasing demands on the protein folding capacity of the ER. As such, the UPR plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells. Three specific stress sensors, IRE1, PERK/PEK and ATF6, are central to the recognition of ER stress and induction of the UPR. IRE1 triggers splicing of Xbp-1 mRNA, yielding a transcriptional activator of the UPR termed XBP-1(S), and activation of the IRE1/XBP-1 pathway has been reported to be required for expansion of the ER and antibody secretion. Here, we provide evidence that PERK is not activated in LPS-stimulated splenic B-cells, whereas XBP-1(S) and the UPR transcriptional activator ATF6 are both induced. We further demonstrate that Perk-/- B-cells develop and are fully competent for induction of Ig synthesis and antibody secretion when stimulated with LPS. These data provide clear evidence for differential activation and utilization of distinct UPR components as activated B-lymphocytes increase Ig synthesis and differentiate into specialized secretory cells.
The Unresolved Need for Research on Computers and Education.

Computing educators have increasingly begun to re-examine the assumptions that have been made about the effects of computer learning activities upon students. This discussion identifies some of these assumptions and reviews research that relates to the state of computing in education in the United States. It is argued that considerably more research is needed to justify the ongoing implementation of computer activities in education.
Artistic Prosumption: Cocreative Destruction at Burning Man

Researchers have called for more studies of how organizations institutionalize the unfamiliar as taken for granted. This study answers this call by examining how an organization has advocated an un...
Molecular mimicry in primary biliary cirrhosis. Evidence for biliary epithelial expression of a molecule cross-reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2

Abstract Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) react with enzymes of the 2-oxo dehydrogenase pathways, particularly PDC-E2. These enzymes are present in all nucleated cells, yet autoimmune damage is confined to biliary epithelial cells. Using a panel of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies and a human combinatorial antibody specific for PDC-E2, we examined by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy sections of liver from patients with PBC, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, and hepatocarcinoma. The monoclonal antibodies gave typical mitochondrial immunofluorescence on biliary epithelium and on hepatocytes from patients with either PBC, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, or hepatocarcinoma. However, one of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies (C355.1) and the human combinatorial antibody reacted with great intensity and specificity with the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells from patients with PBC. Simultaneous examination of these sections with an antiisotype reagent for human IgA revealed high IgA staining in the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells in patients with PBC. IgG and IgA antibodies to PDC-E2 were detected in the bile of patients with PBC but not normal controls. We believe that this data may be interpreted as indicating that a molecule cross-reactive with PDC-E2 is expressed at high levels in the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells in PBC.
Adaptation of Aymara and Quechua to the Bicultural Social Context of Bolivian Mines

Bolivian tin miners recruited from Aymara and Quechua ethnic enclaves participate in a selective adaptation process. Control by the miner's union from 1952 to 1965 allowed the realization of revolutionary ideals—an open, achievement-based society following Western-urban patterns. Three modal categories are described: the part-time worker interested in cash to maximize ethnic values; the full-time, bicultural-bilingual miner balancing between Indian and non-Indian, switching codes according to context; and the committed member of the miner-worker class who has rejected his Indian heritage. Progress along this assimilation continuum is in terms of increasing commitment to union ideology and compartmentalization of ethnic values and behavior.
Law, Rights, and Local Labor Politics in California, 1901–1911: Reflections on Recent Labor Law Historiography *

In a 1987 essay on labor and the American constitutional order, Leon Fink observed that, in “American labor history the law has yet to be fully explored.” Fink's observation is less true today than when he made it some ten years ago; indeed, even as the essay appeared, a number of historians, legal scholars, and political scientists were already beginning to construct new interpretations of American labor history by focusing on the complex and often decisive impact of the law and legal discourse on labor strategy, politics, and ideology. Although Fink's wide-ranging essay surveyed labor's encounters with the Constitution from the antebellum period to the post-World War II era, he concentrated on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period in which organized labor moved away from a broad politics of reform toward a more conservative, apolitical trade unionism. Fink notes that it was during this period of “‘exceptionalist’ drift” – when the developmental trajectory of the American labor movement be gan to diverge from its European counterparts – that “legal issues took on their most determining historical role.”
Complete view of Stark wave-packet evolution

Picosecond laser pulses have been used to produce Rydberg wave packets in calcium atoms in the presence of a strong static electric field. The dynamics of the Stark wave packets have been observed by measuring the momentum-space probability distribution as a function of time. The full precession of the electronic orbital angular momentum, the appearance of a large-amplitude, linear oscillation of the electronic dipole moment, and a pronounced, periodic up-down asymmetry in the momentum distribution are all observed directly.
Order/Disorder and Phase Diagram of H on Pd(100)

A phase boundary for H-Pd(100) was calculated using the Metropolis (1953) algorithm and the embedded atom method (EAM) described by Daw and Foiles (1987). The calculated phase boundary agreed with an experimentally determined phase boundary in its curvature and the coverage at which maximum Tc appeared, but was about 125 K lower than the experimental phase boundary.
General surgery as a career: A contemporary review of factors central to medical student specialty choice

t t s i c a i r s n s i o a m d m p s uring the past 10 to 15 years, the number of medical tudents applying to general surgery residency programs as decreased considerably. Approximately 7.8% of raduating US medical students matched to general surery in 1987 compared with only 5.8% in 2002. hough a recent increase in applications has been enouraging, concerns over an inadequate general surgeon orkforce have been raised. Many recent discussions ave focused on the lifestyle of general surgery. Although his may be a very important factor considered by medcal students when deciding on a specialty, there are learly other factors involved. With this in mind, we ndertook a review of past literature examining medical tudents’ specialty choice.
The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation

Introduction 1. Invisibility 2. Canon 3. Nation 4. Dissidence 5. Margin 6. Simpatico 7. Call to Action
Microtubule Reorganization during Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Facilitates the Nuclear Localization of VP22, a Major Virion Tegument Protein

Full-length VP22 is necessary for efficient spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) from cell to cell during the course of productive infection. VP22 is a virion phosphoprotein, and its nuclear localization initiates between 5 and 7 h postinfection (hpi) during the course of synchronized infection. The goal of this study was to determine which features of HSV-1 infection function to regulate the translocation of VP22 into the nucleus. We report the following. (i) HSV-1(F)-induced microtubule rearrangement occurred in infected Vero cells by 13 hpi and was characterized by the loss of obvious microtubule organizing centers (MtOCs). Reformed MtOCs were detected at 25 hpi. (ii) VP22 was observed in the cytoplasm of cells prior to microtubule rearrangement and localized in the nucleus following the process. (iii) Stabilization of microtubules by the addition of taxol increased the accumulation of VP22 in the cytoplasm either during infection or in cells expressing VP22 in the absence of other viral proteins. (iv) While VP22 localized to the nuclei of cells treated with the microtubule depolymerizing agent nocodazole, either taxol or nocodazole treatment prevented optimal HSV-1(F) replication in Vero cells. (v) VP22 migration to the nucleus occurred in the presence of phosphonoacetic acid, indicating that viral DNA and true late protein synthesis were not required for its translocation. Based on these results, we conclude that (iv) microtubule reorganization during HSV-1 infection facilitates the nuclear localization of VP22.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Polycystic Liver Disease

In the current Model for End-Stage Liver Disease system, patients with polycystic liver disease (PCLD) who have a poor quality of life secondary to their massive hepatomegaly are no longer competitive for a deceased donor liver transplant if their liver function is well preserved. Traditionally, a caval resection has been advocated in these patients because of the difficulty of the hepatectomy with hepatomegaly, which makes living donation impossible. This series looks at 3 patients who underwent a caval sparing hepatectomy and subsequent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for PCLD. Graft and patient survival was 100%, and there were few complications in either donors or recipients. LDLT is an ideal option for patients with PCLD and preserved liver function but poor quality of life.
Characterization of phospholipase a2 activity in rat aorta smooth muscle cells

Phospholipase A activity was measured in homogenates and acid extracts of smooth muscle cells from rat aorta and mesenteric artery using [1-14 C]oleate-labeled autoclaved Escherichia coli and 1-[1-14C]stearyl-2-acyl-3-sn-glycerophosphorylethanolamine as substrates. The results demonstrate the presence of neutral-active phospholipase(s) A that exclusively catalyze the release of fatty acid from the 2-position of phospholipids. Optimal activity was at pH 7.5, and there was an absolute requirement for low concentrations of Ca2+. Mg2+ did not substitute for Ca2+, and EGTA inhibited the activity. Phospholipase A2 activity was predominantly membrane-associated and was solubilized by homogenization in 0.18 N H2SO4. Sulfuric acid extracts of rat aortic smooth muscle cells were four times more active than extracts of mesenteric artery (710 vs. 170 nmol/h per mg protein). By comparison, acid extracts of rat lung, heart, and liver were less active (60-75 nmol/h per mg). Indomethacin, sodium meclofenamate, mepacrine and chlorpromazine, but not dexamethasone or aspirin, inhibited acid-solubilized phospholipase(s) A2 between 10(-6) and 10(-3) M in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation with p-bromophenacyl bromide or diethylpyrocarbonate inhibited phospholipase(s) A2, suggesting the presence of a histidine residue at the active site. An extract from the leaves of feverfew plant (Tanacetum parthenium) was also a potent inhibitor of aortic smooth muscle phospholipase(s) A2.
Analytical estimates of stress around a doubly periodic arrangement of through-silicon vias

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) packages utilizing Through Silicon Vias (TSV) are seen as enablers of increased performance and “More than Moore” functionality. However, the use of TSVs introduce a new set of reliability concerns, one of which is the thermo-mechanical stress caused by the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the copper via and the surrounding silicon. The CTE mismatch, causes high stress zones in and around the copper TSVs, which in turn impede the mobility of electrons in the regions surrounding the TSVs. Further, proximal placing of TSVs for improved electrical performance may be restricted by additional stress induced by TSV–TSV interaction. The increased stress of the region surrounding the TSV may also make the dielectric layers more prone to fracture. In order to ensure reliable functioning of 3D chip stacks, design guidelines are necessary on the excluded “keep-out” zone where stress induced by TSVs will impede transistor functionality. Ideally, these design guidelines are based on analytical stress solutions that are easy to incorporate within circuit design tools. Towards this end, we analytically derive, using elasticity theory, the stress field in and around a doubly periodic arrangement of TSVs subjected to a uniform thermal excursion. The solution is then extended to a “coated cylinder” model of TSVs in which the copper via is surrounded by an oxide layer, both of which are included in the silicon matrix. Finally, the model is extended to account for stress reduction caused by the onset of plasticity in the copper via.
A specific heat study of the nematic-smectic-A transition in octyloxycyanobiphenyl

Abstract A high-resolution ac calorimetry measurement of the nematic to smectic-A transition has been carried out carefully on octyloxycyanobiphenyl (80CB). The measured critical exponents α = α ′ = .24 ± .03 are consistent with X-ray results through the hyperscaling relation ν ∥ + 2 ν ⊥ = 2 - α .
Reaction Mechanism of 1,3,5-Trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) Deciphered by Density Functional Theory

1,3,5-Trinitro-s-triazine, or cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, or RDX, is a sensitive, secondary explosive, which has been the subject of a number of studies regarding the sensitivity and mechanism of decomposition in energetic materials. Several initial mechanistic steps have been proposed for RDX decomposition, with no conclusive agreement upon any one as the definitive pathway. Our research utilizes density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations and concepts, particularly the nuclear Fukui function, to analyze the effects of additive/depletive electronic perturbation upon vapor conformers and crystal RDX structures. Since the nuclear Fukui function is a measure of the physical stress that a nucleus encounters upon a change in the electron population, it may provide useful information regarding the role of each atom in unimolecular decomposition. The results illustrate that both homolytic cleavage of N-N bonds and elimination of HONO from RDX exhibit favorability as initial steps in the decomposition of RDX in either phase. The nuclear Fukui function proved a valuable tool for gaining insight into the initial steps of unimolecular reactions.
Autoimmune blistering dermatoses in domestic animals.

Autoimmune blistering dermatoses (AIBD) of humans frequently stem from the evolution of autoimmune responses directed against cellcell or cell-matrix adhesion structures.1 Autoimmunity toward keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion molecules induces epidermal acantholysis characteristic of pemphigus. Similarly, autoantibodies targeting keratinocyte-basement membrane attachment proteins result in subepidermal vesiculation as seen in the various pemphigoids, or epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.1 Spontaneous homologues of AIBD have been recognized in animals since 1975. Recent advances in immunological techniques have led to the discovery of new clinical entities and permitted a reclassification of animal AIBD following the nosology used in humans. The following sections will highlight the clinical, histological, and immunological findings of the various spontaneous AIBD in domestic animals.
The interaction of ammonium and potassium hexabromoösmate(IV) and liquid ammonia at −34 and 90°

Abstract The reactions that occur slowly at −34° are shown to lead to complex mixtures of ammonia-insoluble and ammonia-soluble products of reactions that include ammonolysis are and therefore controlled by amide ion concentration. Reactions of the ammonia-insoluble products with 48% hydrobromic acid, saturated silver sulphate solution, and gaseous ammonia are described. The ammonia-insoluble products include hexammineosmium(III) hexabromoosmate(III). Ammonia-soluble mixtures formed at −34° could not be resolved; they consisted of diamagnetic osmium compounds in which the Os : Br ratios approached 1 : 2·00. Reactions at 90° yield only ammonia-soluble products consisting of μ-nitridobis[dibromo-tetrammineosmium(IV)] bromide and hexammineosmium(III) bromide together with lesser quantities of other diamagnetic and paramagnetic osmium complexes.
Hopf bifurcation from nonperiodic solutions of differential equations. I. Linear theory

In this and succeeding papers we consider some foundational elements of a theory of Hopf bifurcation from non-periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations.
A dolichol-linked trisaccharide from central nervous tissue: Structure and biosynthesis

Abstract Calf brain membranes have previously been shown to enzymatically transfer N -acetyl[ 14 C]glucosamine from UDP- N -acetyl[ 14 C]glucosamine into N -acetyl[ 14 C]glucosami-nylpyrophosphoryldolichol, N,N′ -diacetyl[ 14 C]chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol and a minor labeled product with the chemical and chromatographic properties of a [ 14 C]trisaccharide lipid (Waechter, C. J., and Harford, J. B. (1977) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 181 , 185–198). This paper demonstrates that incubating calf brain membranes containing endogenous, prelabeled N -acetyl[ 14 C]glucosaminyl lipids with unlabeled GDP-mannose enhances the formation of the [ 14 C]trisaccharide lipid. The intact [ 14 C]trisaccharide lipid behaves like a dolichol-bound trisaccharide, in which the glycosyl group is linked via a pyrophosphate bridge, when chromatographed on SG-81 paper or DEAE-cellulose. Mild acid treatment releases a water-soluble product that comigrates with authentic β-Man-(1→4)-β-GlcNAc(1→4)-GlcNAc. The free [ 14 C]trisaccharide is converted to N,N′ -diacetyl[ 14 C]chitobiose by incubation with a highly purified β-mannosidase. These findings indicate that the trisaccharide lipid formed by calf brain membranes is β-mannosyl- N,N′ -diacetylchito-biosylpyrophosphoryldolichol. The two glycosyltransferases responsible for the enzymatic conversion of the N -acetylglucosaminyl lipid to the trisaccharide lipid have been studied using exogenous, purified [ 14 C]glycolipid substrates. Calf brain membranes enzymatically transfer N -acetylglucosamine from UDP- N -acetylglucosamine to exogenous N -acetyl[ 14 C] glucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol to form [ 14 C]disaccharide lipid. The biosynthesis of [ 14 C]disaccharide lipid is stimulated by unlabeled UDP- N -acetylglucosamine under conditions that inhibit N -acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthesis. Unlike the formation of N -acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol the enzymatic addition of the second N -acetylglucosamine residue is not inhibited by tunicamycin. Exogenous purified [ 14 C] disaccharide lipid is enzymatically mannosylated by calf brain membranes to form the [ 14 C] trisaccharide lipid. The formation of the [ 14 C]trisaccharide lipid from exogenous [ 14 C] disaccharide lipid is stimulated by unlabeled GDP-mannose and Mg 2+ , and inhibited by EDTA. Exogenous dolichyl monophosphate is also inhibitory. These results strongly suggest that the calf brain mannosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of the trisaccharide lipid requires a divalent cation and utilizes GDP-mannose, not mannosylphosphoryldolichol, as the direct mannosyl donor.
Establishing a community-oriented group home and ensuring its survival: A case study of failure

Abstract A community-oriented program for deinstitutionalizing psychiatric patients was succesful in meeting its clinical objectives, but failed at the “systems” level. To ensure that humane and effective alternatives to hospitalization survive, program developers, service providers, and administrators need to understand: (1) the contrast between institutional and community-oriented approaches in residential treatment, (2) The rationale and practical implications of models for community-oriented treatment, (3) methods which minimize conflicts between personnel trained in community-oriented approaches versus personnel with institutional orientations, and (4) ways to decrease staff resistance to innovation.
Perspectives on translational and therapeutic aspects of SIRT1 in inflammaging and senescence

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a type III protein deacetylase, is considered as a novel anti-aging protein involved in regulation of cellular senescence/aging and inflammation. SIRT1 level and activity are decreased during lung inflammaging caused by oxidative stress. The mechanism of SIRT1-mediated protection against inflammaging is associated with the regulation of inflammation, premature senescence, telomere attrition, senescence associated secretory phenotype, and DNA damage response. A variety of dietary polyphenols and pharmacological activators are shown to regulate SIRT1 so as to intervene the progression of type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with inflammaging. However, recent studies have shown the non-specific regulation of SIRT1 by the aforementioned pharmacological activators and polyphenols. In this perspective, we have briefly discussed the role of SIRT1 in regulation of cellular senescence and its associated secretory phenotype, DNA damage response, particularly in lung inflammaging and during the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. We have also discussed the potential directions for future translational therapeutic avenues for SIRT1 in modulating lung inflammaging associated with senescence in chronic lung diseases associated with increased oxidative stress.
An adaptive image authentication scheme for vector quantization compressed image

This paper proposes an image authentication scheme which detects illegal modifications for image vector quantization (VQ). In the proposed scheme, the index table is divided into non-overlapping index blocks. The authentication data is generated by using the pseudo random sequence. Our scheme can adaptively determine both the size of the authentication data and the number of the indices in each index block. Then, the selected indices are used to embed the secret data to generate the embedded image. To authenticate the given VQ compressed image, two sets of the authentication data are needed to perform the tamper detection process. One set is generated by using the pseudo random number sequence. The other set is extracted from the compressed image. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves acceptable image quality of the embedded image while keeping good detecting accuracy.
Concerted transcriptional activation of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene by insulin and luteinizing hormone in cultured porcine granulosa-luteal cells: possible convergence of protein kinase a, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) can amplify gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis by augmenting the expression of key sterol regulatory genes in ovarian cells, viz. low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A). The mechanisms underlying the foregoing bihormonal interactions are not known. Accordingly, in relation to the LDL receptor gene, the present study tests the hypothesis that insulin/IGF-I and LH can act via concerted transcriptional control of promoter expression. To this end, we transiently transfected primary monolayer cultures of porcine granulosa-luteal cells with a reporter vector containing the putative 5′-upstream full-length (pLDLR1076/luc) regulatory region (−1076 to+ 11 bp) of the homologous LDL receptor gene driving firefly luciferase in the presence or absence of insulin (or IGF-I) and/or LH (each 100 ng/ml). Combined exposure to LH and insulin (or IGF-I) stimulated LDL recepto...
Gender differences in regional body composition and somatotrophic influences of IGF-I and leptin.

This study evaluated the arm, trunk, and leg for fat mass, lean soft tissue mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group of age-matched (∼29 yr) men...
Tales from the crypt: On the role of death in life

An existential psychodynamic theory is presented based on Ernest Becker's claim that self-esteem and cultural worldviews function to ameliorate the anxiety associated with the uniquely human awareness of vulnerability and mortality. Psychological equanimity is hypothesized to require (1) a shared set of beliefs about reality that imbues the universe with stability, meaning, and permanence; (2) standards by which individuals can judge themselves to be of value; and (3) promises of safety and the transcendence of death to those who meet the standards of value. An empirical research program in support of this theory is then described, and the personal and interpersonal implications of these ideas are briefly considered.
Cellulose furoate. II. Characterization

The chemical structure of furoate moiety in cellulose furoate was confirmed by FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and NMR and X-ray spectroscopy. Thermal property was studied by TGA and DSC. TGA results showed cellulose furoate has a very similar thermal property to cellulose. Thermograms revealed its decomposition started at about 300°C, and had a maximum rate of weight loss at about 360°C. DSC studies revealed the glass transition temperatures for cellulose furoates ranged from 207 to 230°C, depending upon the DS. Myrothecium verrucaria, Cheatomium globosum, and Aspergillus terreus were used to determine the biodegradability of cellulose furoate. Biodegradation tests showed that each glucose unit in cellulose required as least one substitution to significantly improve the antibiodegradation property. Solubility tests revealed that cellulose furoates with DS ranged from 1.09 and 2.66, prepared from the homogeneous system, are dissolvable in dioxane, DMSO, DMF, and DMAc. Specimens prepared from the heterogeneous system; only those with DS ranging from 1.09 and 1.98 are dissolvable in DMSO. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 243–252, 2001
Rational men and the explanatory model approach.

The previous issue of Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry (Vol. 5, N. 4) included my article “When Rational Men Fall Sick: An Inquiry into Some Assumptions Made by Medical Anthropologists” together with a series of comments. This paper consists of my replies to some of the commentators and a case study illustrating my points.
SU‐E‐T‐572: Dose Mass Histogram (DMH) versus Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) for SBRT and Craniospinal Patients: What Can We Learn?

Purpose: Dose volume histogram (DVH) has been a valuable tool for plan evaluation, but it provides limited information for dose assessment of irradiated tumors and organs, especially for those with significant density heterogeneities such as lungs. DVH is also at odds with the fact that radiationdose is defined as energy deposited in a unit mass of medium irradiated. In this study, dose mass histograms (DMH) were used to evaluate plans from patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) and craniospinal axis irradiation (CSAI). Methods: Eight patients were enrolled in the study, of which four of them were treated with SBRT using a BrainLAB system and the other half were CSAI patients treated with a Helical TomoTherapy unit. DMHs for these patients were computed based on the treatment plan's DVHs by weighting each voxel volume according to its density as derived from the CT number vs. density table used in the treatment planning system. All eight plans were exported to a personal computer for DMH computation and analysis. Comparison between each patient's DVH and DMH for planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR) were performed. Results: DMH was generated for the PTV and OARs. No significant difference between DMH and DVH was observed for PTV and OARs (heart, kidneys, spinal cord) except for lungs.Lung DMHs from SBRT patients indicated potential room of dose escalation while those from CSAI patients showed the opposite. Conclusions: Dose mass histogram serves as an important tool for evaluation of treatment plans for organs with variable densities. For organs with uniform density distribution, DMHs were not significantly different than DVHs, The potential usefulness of DMH for plan evaluation for organs of heterogeneous density distributions warrants further study.
Molecular ion stability and populations in tandem accelerator mass spectrometry

The success of tandem accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) rests, in part, on the dissociation of interfering molecular species in high charge states. Previous work in this laboratory has detected persistent molecules of B3+2. Molecular orbital calculations suggest that the molecular ion is bound in an excited state, but unbound in the ground state. Other binary homonuclear and heteronuclear ions have been examined theoretically, and AlO3+ appears to be bound in the ground state. In the present work, experimental determination of the relative abundance, dissociation cross section in the stripper gas and the charge fraction branching ratios for the atomic fragments of B2 are presented. These results permit an assessment of the expected background levels to be encountered in the application of AMS to stable isobar mass spectrometry.
Debye potentials for the gravitational field

Abstract Debye potentials for the gravitational field of a bounded system are given. The field equations of the linearized theory of gravitation are written in a form very similar to Maxwell's equations using field strengths which are the components of the Weyl tensor. The Debye potentials are then closely related to the two non-transverse components E RR and B RR . These components completely determine the field in empty space and give a simple characterization of the field in terms of two scalar quantities. In order to express the remaining field strengths simply in terms of the Debye potentials, a toroidal and poloidal representation of symmetric, traceless, divergenceless, 3-dimensional tensor fields is developed. The spherical components of these tensor fields are given in terms of spin-harmonics. The Debye potentials' explicit dependence on the sources is given in terms of a multipole expansion and the general expression for the momentum loss of a bounded system due to gravitational radiation is calculated in terms of the multipole moments. The properties of the field in the near and far field zones are discussed.
NHI program for introducing thoracoscopic minimally invasive mitral and tricuspid valve surgery

Background In the last decade worldwide and in Egypt, there is an increasing interest and patient demand for minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Methods and results Since February 12, 2013 till May 9, 2013, six patients underwent thoracoscopic mitral and tricuspid valve surgery (1 tricuspid valve replacement , 1 mitral valve repair, 2 mitral valve replacement , 2 mitral valve replacement and tricsupid repair). Predominant rheumatic in MVR and 1 case was degentrative and the tricuspid case was infective endocarditis. Mean age was 35 years.The procedure was successfully performed in all in the form of 4–5 cm right submammary incision with femoro-femoral canulation for CPB and long shafted instruments with the aid of thoracoscopic view. .Conversion rate to open procedure was (0%). No Hospital mortality was encountered (0%). Mean Bypass time was (90 min) and the cross clamp time was (65 min) .This time is decreasing gradually towards conventional procedure times. Ventilation time was (7 h) and post-operative ICU stay was 3 days, Postoperative morbidity included right phrenic nerve palsy in one patient which recovered after two weeks. Echocardiographic follow-up showed trivial degree of mitral regurgitation (MVP) and well functioning prosthetic valve in the other four. The tricuspid valve showed well-functioning tissue valve with no paravalvular leak (one case) and mild regurge in the repair group (5 patients MVR + TR). All the patients reported mild postoperative pain and felt they had a pleasing scar. All patients were back to work and usual household activities within 4 weeks. Conclusions Thoracoscopic minimally invasive mitral valve surgery can be performed safely but definitely requires a learning curve. Good results and a high patient satisfaction are guaranteed. We now utilize this approach for isolated atrioventricular valve disease and our plan is to make this exclusive by the end of this year for all the patients except Redo Cases.
PARALLEL RADIATIONS IN THE PRIMARY CLADES OF BIRDS

Knowledge of avian phylogeny is prerequisite to understanding the circumstances and timing of the di- versification of birds and the evolution of morphological, behavioral, and life-history traits. Recent molecular datasets have helped to elucidate the three most basal clades in the tree of living birds, but relationships among neoavian orders (the vast majority of birds) remain frustratingly vexing. Here, we examine intron 7 of the b-fibrinogen gene in the most taxonomically inclusive survey of DNA sequences of nonpasserine bird families and orders to date. These data suggest that Neoaves consist of two sister clades with ecological parallelisms comparable to those found between marsupial and placental mammals. Some members of the putative respective clades have long been recognized as examples of convergent evolution, but it was not appreciated that they might be parts of diverse parallel radiations. In contrast, some traditional orders of birds are suggested by these data to be polyphyletic, with representative families in both radiations.