cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleation sites for multilayer graphene on nickel catalyst

The structural quality of graphene films is of immense importance both in improving growth procedures and understanding the resulting films' electronic properties. The graphene film needs to be atomically smooth with low defects, low roughness, and high electronic mobility for high performance Field Effect Transistor (FET) devices. Because of graphene's high optical transmittance and conductivity, it is also being considered as a transparent conductive electrode [1]. Multilayer graphene prepared by diluted methane-based CVD at 1 atm on nickel (Ni) films deposited over Si/SiO 2 wafers has been shown in various colours, sizes, and shapes [2]. Their preferred nucleation sites in relation to the Ni grain boundaries are not well understood. In this study, we prepared a variety of Ni templates having grain structures ranging from small to large and with mixed distribution across the surface. This was achieved through evaporation and sputter deposition methods. We found the greatest variety of Ni grains was achieved by changing the sputter deposition temperature (100 and 250 °C), and pressure (2 and 20 mT). The ability to grow single- and few-layer graphene on top of the Ni catalyst depended on the highly diluted methane gas in CVD, as confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Methane ratios from 0.5 vol.% to 0.41 vol.% exhibited a strong presence of graphene, 0.36 vol. % produced mixed results, and 0.24 vol.% or less produced no evidence of graphene on a Ni template after the anneal and CVD. Annealing temperatures with as small as a 25 °C difference had a great influence on final size of graphene. The grains grew almost double in size when annealed at 975 °C as compared to 950 °C. So it is advantageous to perform annealing followed by growth at the highest possible temperature and then combine it with an optimized cooling rate.
Testing for a unit root in the presence of moving average errors

SUMMARY In this paper we propose a new approach to testing for unit roots in a time series {Yt} with moving average innovations based on an instrumental variable estimator. If {Yt} is a random walk with moving average innovations, we derive the limiting distribution of the instrumental variable estimator when the estimated model is either (i) the true model, (ii) a random walk with shift in mean, or (iii) a random walk with shift in mean and a linear time trend. These distributions are identical to those tabulated by Dickey & Fuller (1979, 1981) in some cases, and easily transformed, in the spirit of Phillips (1987), to the Dickey & Fuller distributions in others.
Development of family triadic measures for children's purchase influence

Many past investigations of family members’ perceptions of their relative influence in family decision making show a lack of convergence in multiple reports. This, in turn, represents a serious thr...
A software independent tool for mapping thermal results to structural model

Abstract In order to model the structural behavior under fire, three separate analyses need to be conducted: (a) fire propagation and growth (fire modeling), (b) heat transfer in structural members due to fire, and (c) structural analysis to account for both thermal and mechanical load. Fire modeling is conducted with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Typical heat transfer analysis is conducted using finite element analysis (FEA) approach employing solid 3D or 2D shell elements. Structural analysis is often conducted using FEA approach but employing beam and shell elements, especially for large structures. Common outputs of a CFD fire model relevant for a structural fire analysis are heat flux and temperature field, which are input to the heat transfer model as thermal boundary conditions. Subsequently, the transient temperatures computed by the heat transfer analysis in the structural members are inputs to the structural analysis model. However, this transfer of data is complicated because of the difference in the type of finite elements and level of discretization used in each of these two analyses. A software independent mapping tool is therefore required to transfer the thermal data from heat transfer model to structural analysis model. This paper discusses a novel methodology that was developed to map thermal data from a heat transfer model comprising solid finite elements to a structural analysis model comprising beam and shell elements. The methodology relies on the fundamentals of finite elements pertaining to the use of element shape functions and local or natural coordinates.
Trauma and nontrauma cardiopulmonary arrest: a national survey.

Abstract Introduction: This survey attempts to identify the current standard of care for the air medical transport of the patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. Method: An Association of Air Medical Services/National Flight Nurses Association-approved survey by a single mailing with an anonymous response. Setting: All rotor-craft programs with current memberships in AAMS. Results: Fifty-three of the 178 questionnaires mailed were returned. Program demographics, crew composition and transport volumes were typical of other reported national experiences. The majority of programs (84%) had standing operational protocols for trauma and non-trauma cardiopulmonary arrests. The indications for not initiating or discontinuing CPR, the transport of the patient in cardiopulmonary arrest, triage and financial considerations varied widely between air medical programs. Conclusions: This study provides some insight on the current air medical management of the patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. National practice guidelines should be developed and tested prospectively in future studies.
Endovascular Repair of Descending Aortic Dissections

Endoluminal aortic stent-grafts have revolutionized the contemporary management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The application of this treatment option for aortic dissections has been hampered by the difficult anatomic constraints frequently encountered with both acute and chronic forms of the disease. Although the data are sparse, it is rapidly growing as technologic advances are made in the design and delivery of various stent-grafts. Reviewed is our current understanding of the pathophysiology of descending thoracic aortic dissections, available stent-graft designs, techniques of implantation, and alternatives for complex anatomy. The section concludes with an overview of published data on stent-graft repair of both acute and chronic aortic dissections.
Static compliance of the respiratory system in healthy infants.

We recorded static deflation pressure–volume (PV) curves from near TLC to FRC in 49 healthy, sedated, spontaneously breathing infants of 1 to 104 wk of age. Respiratory activity was transiently inhibited by inflating the respiratory system several times to a volume at an airway pressure of 30 cm H2O (V30). Passive deflation from V30 to FRC was then interrupted by multiple brief occlusions at the airway opening, in order to measure static recoil pressures. The expired volume from V30 to FRC was defined as V30E. Compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) was calculated as the slope of the linear portion of the PV curve from 5 to 15 cm H2O. Crs and V30E increased with increasing body length (p < 0.001). After adjustment for body length, males had greater Crs values than did females (p < 0.01). V30E was smaller in female infants (p < 0.05) and in infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (p < 0.04). Specific compliance (Crs/V30E) declined with increasing age (p < 0.01), but there were no differences relat...
Online Social Networks – Ein sozialer und technischer Überblick

Online Social Networks wie Xing.com oder Facebook.com gehoren zu den am starksten wachsenden Diensten im Internet. Im Jahr 2008 nutzten geschatzte 580 Mio. Menschen weltweit diese Angebote. Entsprechend schnell haben sich Online Social Networks innerhalb weniger Jahre von einem Nischenphanomen zu einem weltweiten Medium der IT-gestutzten Kommunikation entwickelt. Insbesondere aufgrund stark wachsender Mitgliederzahlen entfalten Online Social Networks eine erhebliche gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Ziel dieses Beitrags, Begriff und Eigenschaften, Entstehung und Entwicklung sowie Nutzenpotenziale und Herausforderungen von Online Social Networks naher zu untersuchen.
Middle school students' understanding of the role sample size plays in experimental probability

Abstract In this study, we examined the impact of an instructional program on sixth-grade students' understanding of experimental probability as it relates to sample size. As the number of trials in an experiment increases, the experimental probability is more likely to reflect the parent distribution; thus, smaller samples are more likely to yield unusual results. Results of this study indicate that, while typical middle school students are seemingly unaware of the relationship between experimental probability and sample size, appropriate cognitive activity focused on results of simulations of random phenomena can foster conceptual development. We witnessed growth that occurred as a result of key instructional tasks and concomitant mental activity.
ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY IN ATOMS WITH HYPERFINE STRUCTURE

Electromagnetically induced transparency ~EIT! is a technique for improving the transmission of laser beams through otherwise absorbing and refracting media. Most often, this is done in an atom that has three states that, at the densitylength product that is to be made transparent, are resolvable. One applies two laser fields and uses either optical pumping ~cw lasers! or adiabatic evolution ~pulsed lasers! to produce a coherent superposition of the probability amplitudes of two states of the same parity, with a near-zero probability amplitude of a third state of opposite parity. Once in this superposition state, the atom does not interact with either of the applied fields @1–3#. Figure 1~a! shows an example of a prototype three-state system. Because the nuclear spin of Pb is zero with linearly polarized light, the J50 and J52 finestructure states of the 6p configuration, together with the J51 state of the 6p7s configuration, form the necessary superposition state @4#. Figure 1~b! shows an energy schematic of Pb. Here, the nuclear spin of I51/2 causes the fine-structure states to split into their hyperfine components, with splittings of a few tenths of a cm. Although at low atom density-length products ~optically thin!, the individual hyperfine components of the u1&→u4& and u1&→u5& transitions are resolvable, in a dense medium, they are not. Even though a particular threestate subsystem may be made transparent, other subsystems will produce a prohibitively large change in the complex refractive index, and the medium will be opaque. The question then arises: How should the lasers be tuned to render an optically thick, hyperfine-split system such as Pb both transparent and nonrefracting? In this paper we show that transparency and a refractive index near unity are attained when the two lasers are tuned to the respective center of gravity of the two transitions. No specific hyperfine state is in Raman resonance and the zero in the real part of the dipole moment results from the interference of the manifold of cooperating m states. At practical Rabi frequencies, the detuning from the individual Starkshifted m states is sufficiently large that the nonzero imaginary part of the dipole moment is not of consequence. We also find, as is the case for the pure three-state system, that self-focusing and defocusing may be eliminated @5#. In related previous work, Ling et al. @6# and Milner et al. @7# have shown how degenerate m states may cooperate to form a population-trapped state. This work is similar to theirs in that we use a multistate interference. It differs from theirs in that the m f states that we use are not degenerate @Fig. 1~b!#. General conditions for obtaining population trap-
The Expression and Function of Androgen Receptor Coactivator p44 and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 in the Developing Testis and Testicular Tumors

Purpose: The role of androgen receptor coactivators in testicular development and cancer formation is unclear. p44/Mep50 was identified as an androgen receptor coactivator that functions in a complex with protein arginine methyltransferase 5. We studied the expression of p44 and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in developing fetal testis and adult testicular tumors, including seminomas and Leydig cell tumors.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 human fetal testes from abortuses at a gestational age of 10 to 40 weeks, 33 human seminomas and 11 human Leydig cell tumors were retrieved from the archives of the departments of pathology. Immunohistochemistry was performed with affinity purified p44 and IgG purified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 polyclonal antibodies.Results: Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 and p44 were expressed predominantly as nuclear proteins in fetal Leydig cells and human adult nonneoplastic testes, including germ cells and Leydig cells, while they were expressed in the cyt...
Prediction of L70 Life and Assessment of Color Shift for Solid-State Lighting Using Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter-Based Models

Solid-state lighting (SSL) luminaires containing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have the potential of seeing excessive temperatures when being transported across country or being stored in nonclimate controlled warehouses. They are also being used in outdoor applications in desert environments that see little or no humidity but will experience extremely high temperatures during the day. This makes it important to increase our understanding of what effects high temperature exposure for a prolonged period of time will have on the usability and survivability of these devices. Traditional light sources “burn out” at the end of life. For an incandescent bulb, the lamp life is defined by B50 life. However, the LEDs have no filament to “burn“. The LEDs continually degrade, and the light output decreases eventually below useful levels causing failure. Currently, the TM-21 test standard is used to predict the L70 life of LEDs from LM-80 test data. Several failure mechanisms may be active in a LED at a single time, causing lumen depreciation. The underlying TM-21 model may not capture the failure physics in presence of multiple failure mechanisms. The correlation of lumen maintenance with underlying physics of degradation at system level is needed. In this paper, Kalman filter (KF) and extended Kalman Filters (EKF) have been used to develop a 70% Lumen Maintenance Life Prediction Model for LEDs used in SSL luminaires. Ten-thousand-hour LM-80 test data for various LEDs have been used for model development. System state at each future time has been computed based on the state space at preceding time step, system dynamics matrix, control vector, control matrix, measurement matrix, measured vector, process noise, and measurement noise. The future state of the lumen depreciation has been estimated based on a second-order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying damage using physics-based models. Life prediction of L70 life for the LEDs used in SSL luminaires from KF- and EKF-based models have been compared with the TM-21 model predictions and experimental data.
Punctuated Evolution of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase (A/H1N1) under Opposing Migration and Vaccination Pressures

Influenza virus contains two highly variable envelope glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The structure and properties of HA, which is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected, change significantly when the virus is transmitted from avian or swine species to humans. Here we focus first on the simpler problem of the much smaller human individual evolutionary amino acid mutational changes in NA, which cleaves sialic acid groups and is required for influenza virus replication. Our thermodynamic panorama shows that very small amino acid changes can be monitored very accurately across many historic (1945–2011) Uniprot and NCBI strains using hydropathicity scales to quantify the roughness of water film packages. Quantitative sequential analysis is most effective with the fractal differential hydropathicity scale based on protein self-organized criticality (SOC). Our analysis shows that large-scale vaccination programs have been responsible for a very large convergent reduction in common influenza severity in the last century. Hydropathic analysis is capable of interpreting and even predicting trends of functional changes in mutation prolific viruses directly from amino acid sequences alone. An engineered strain of NA1 is described which could well be significantly less virulent than current circulating strains.
Cyclooxygenase expression and platelet function in healthy dogs receiving low-dose aspirin.

Background Low-dose aspirin is used to prevent thromboembolic complications in dogs, but some animals are nonresponsive to the antiplatelet effects of aspirin (“aspirin resistance”). Hypothesis/Objectives That low-dose aspirin would inhibit platelet function, decrease thromboxane synthesis, and alter platelet cyclooxygenase (COX) expression. Animals Twenty-four healthy dogs. Methods A repeated measures study. Platelet function (PFA-100 closure time, collagen/epinephrine), platelet COX-1 and COX-2 expression, and urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dTXB2) were evaluated before and during aspirin administration (1 mg/kg Q24 hours PO, 10 days). Based on prolongation of closure times after aspirin administration, dogs were divided into categories according to aspirin responsiveness: responders, nonresponders, and inconsistent responders. Results Low-dose aspirin increased closure times significantly (62% by Day 10, P < .001), with an equal distribution among aspirin responsiveness categories, 8 dogs per group. Platelet COX-1 mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) increased significantly during treatment, 13% on Day 3 (range, −29.7–136.1%) (P = .047) and 72% on Day 10 (range, −0.37–210%) (P < .001). Platelet COX-2 MFI increased significantly by 34% (range, −29.2–270%) on Day 3 (P = .003) and 74% (range, −19.7–226%) on Day 10 (P < .001). Urinary 11-dTXB2 concentrations significantly (P = .005, P < .001) decreased at both time points. There was no difference between aspirin responsiveness and either platelet COX expression or thromboxane production. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Low-dose aspirin consistently inhibits platelet function in approximately one-third of healthy dogs, despite decreased thromboxane synthesis and increased platelet COX expression in most dogs. COX isoform expression before treatment did not predict aspirin resistance.
Communicative outcomes of stereotype‐based expectancies: An observational study of cross‐cultural dyads

To investigate the behavioral manifestations of stereotype‐based expectancies, American students (N = 46) talked with confederates from India. The tapes of the interactions were coded for communication behaviors that were likely to differentiate people who entered interactions with pre‐existing, neutral conceptions of the Indian culture from those who began the interaction with little knowledge or beliefs about India. Evaluations of the confederate were also assessed. It was found that people with a specific schema judged the confederate to be more attractive, were more satisfied with the interaction, and differed in their use of language. Specifically, people with pre‐existing stereotypes used less open feedback, fewer summaries, brought up more content areas, asked fewer questions in each area, and used more verbal strategies showing their own depth of knowledge and a U.S. bias. They were also more likely to ask about the confederate's education and less likely to talk about Indian dress, marriage, and ...
Health Care and Medicaid — Weathering the Recession

For every increase of 1 percentage point in the national unemployment rate, it is estimated that an additional 1 million Americans turn to Medicaid for coverage and another 1.1 million go uninsured. Diane Rowland writes that the number of uninsured is probably approaching 50 million as we continue to weather this recession.
Provincial Organization of Inka Ceramic Production

The Inka empire was supported by goods and services provided by both generalized and specialized labor. To gain insight into how goods were produced and distributed in the imperial economy, 173 sherds from Cuzco, Lake Titicaca, the upper Mantaro Valley, and Tarma were analyzed (INAA) for materials composition. Results show that production and consumption of Inka ceramics were focused within regions, although two plates probably made in Cuzco were among the Titicaca and Mantaro samples. Inka ceramics from the upper Mantaro were made from at least two sources of raw materials, both distinct from those used in local Wanka ceramics. Evidence suggests that the Inka provincial capital (Hatun Xauxa) and two Wanka towns obtained most of their Inka pots from either one or the other source. These results imply that the state controlled production of its ceramics regionally, starting at the source of the raw materials, and distributed the products of separate sources selectively.
‘The Symptomes and Vapors of a Diseased Time’: the Earl of Clare and Early Stuart Manuscript Culture

This essay analyses the involvement of John Holles, the first Earl of Clare, in early Stuart manuscript culture. This somewhat forbidding figure is now chiefly known for his trenchant letters about contemporary politics, but on closer inspection, it becomes clear that he was also a connoisseur of manuscript verse libels, and as BL Harleian 6383 reveals, his interest in the genre led him to write several poems lamenting the influence of the Duke of Buckingham, the longest of these being 'The Prodigall' After a brief sketch of his political career, the essay will set Clare's verse into political context before presenting the full text of his poems.
Elucidation of the electrodeposition mechanism of molybdenum oxide from iso- and peroxo-polymolybdate solutions

The cathodic electrodeposition of molybdenum oxide thin films prepared from aqueous solutions containing iso-polymolybdates and peroxo-polymolybdates is described. Chronocoulometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemistry, and electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry were used to establish corresponding reaction mechanisms for films grown at different deposition potentials. Electrodeposition from acidified iso-polymolybdate solutions proceeds by the reduction of molybdic acid, whereas deposition from aqueous peroxo-based solutions involves the graded reduction of several solution components, primarily comprising molybdic acid and peroxo-polymolybdates. Careful regulation of the deposition potential allows for controlled growth of distinct molybdenum oxide compositions producing films with varied water content and valency.
Physical constraints on geologic CO2 sequestration in low-volume basalt formations

Deep basalt formations within large igneous provinces have been proposed as target reservoirs for carbon capture and sequestration on the basis of favorable CO 2 -water-rock reaction kinetics that suggest carbonate mineralization rates on the order of 10 2 –10 3 d. Although these results are encouraging, there exists much uncertainty surrounding the influence of fracture-controlled reservoir heterogeneity on commercial-scale CO 2 injections in basalt formations. This work investigates the physical response of a low-volume basalt reservoir to commercial-scale CO 2 injections using a Monte Carlo numerical modeling experiment such that model variability is solely a function of spatially distributed reservoir heterogeneity. Fifty equally probable reservoirs are simulated using properties inferred from the deep eastern Snake River Plain aquifer in southeast Idaho, and CO 2 injections are modeled within each reservoir for 20 yr at a constant mass rate of 21.6 kg s –1 . Results from this work suggest that (1) formation injectivity is generally favorable, although injection pressures in excess of the fracture gradient were observed in 4% of the simulations; (2) for an extensional stress regime (as exists within the eastern Snake River Plain), shear failure is theoretically possible for optimally oriented fractures if S h ≤ 0.70S V ; and (3) low-volume basalt reservoirs exhibit sufficient CO 2 confinement potential over a 20 yr injection program to accommodate mineral trapping rates suggested in the literature.
Sexual Dimorphism of Sodium-Sensitive Renal-Wrap Hypertension

One-kidney, figure-8 renal wrap or sham operation was performed on male and female rats to determine if a difference existed in the expression of hypertension between the sexes. Animals were prepared with radiotelemetry transmitters to monitor mean arterial pressure and heart rate continuously throughout an 8-week study. Dietary sodium content was changed during the post-renal-wrap period from normal (100 micromol/g chow) to high (2000 micromol/g chow) to low (<2 micromol/g chow) to assess sodium sensitivity. Both male and female rats experienced an increase in arterial pressure after the renal-wrap procedure; however, the hypertension was significantly attenuated in the females. High salt caused a further increase in both groups of rats that was again attenuated in the female rats. Low sodium diet reduced arterial pressure in all groups of rats. Heart rate was significantly elevated in the female rats during all dietary interventions. The data were fit to a cosine function to analyze circadian rhythm changes. An increase in the light/dark difference for arterial pressure in the hypertensive rats during high salt diet resulted in an increase in the circadian amplitude (range of the rhythm). In the normotensive rats fed a high salt diet, the arterial pressure acrophase (peak of rhythm) was delayed while the heart rate acrophase was shifted to an earlier time. These studies showed that female rats are protected against one-kidney, figure-8 renal-wrap hypertension and are less sensitive to the effects of sodium.
A simplified Weinbaum function

Energy calculations, in the two-electron approximation, are performed for LiH and Li2 in order to illustrate the efficacy of wave functions containing a distance dependent orbital parameter in conjunction with a second variational parameter.
Experimental Studies of Resonant Charge Transfer from Rydberg States by Highly-Charged Ions

Two recent experiments studying charge transfer between slow multiply charged ions and a dense CW Rydberg target are described, one studying the total charge transfer cross section and the other the details of the energy transfer. Together, these experiments provide a detailed picture of many important aspects of the charge transfer process, and confirm theoretical predictions obtained with Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo methods.
The effect of gramicidin on sodium-dependent accumulation of glycine by pigeon red cells: A test of the cation gradient hypothesis

Abstract 1. 1. At 3μg/g cells or more, gramicidin equilibrates cell and medium Na + and K + within 3 min at 39 °C. At equilibrium, cell and medium cation concentrations are approximately equal. 2. 2. Gramicidin virtually abolishes Na + -dependent glycine accumulation. The slight residual accumulation may be caused by small gramicidin-induced cell volume changes. 3. 3. The inhibition of glycine accumulation by gramicidin could not be accounted for by inactivation of the glycine carrier, increased Na + -independent loss (leak) of glycine from cells, or depletion of ATP or other nucleoside polyphosphates. Competition between the Na + −K + -pump and glycine transport for a common high-energy intermediate is not indicated since strophantin k (gramicidin absent) had only a minimal effect on glycine accumulation. 4. 4. Other possible energy sources besides cation gradients were considered. Under the conditions used, there were negligible contributions from counter-transport via the ASC route (Eavenson, E. and Christensen, H. N. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 5386–5396), a Cl − gradient or a H + gradient. 5. 5. Some problems in evaluating the adequacy of cation gradients as sole energy sources are discussed. 6. 6. Virtually all of the energy for glycine accumulation by pigeon red cells appears to come from cation gradients.
Sequences in the Nonconsensus Nucleotide-binding Domain of ABCG5/ABCG8 Required for Sterol Transport

ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG5 (G5) and ABCG8 (G8) form a heterodimer that transports cholesterol and plant sterols from hepatocytes into bile. Mutations that inactivate G5 or G8 cause hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis. We showed previously that the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) in the heterodimer are not functionally equivalent; sterol transport is abolished by mutations in the consensus residues of NBD2 but not of NBD1. Here, we examined the structural requirements of NBD1 for sterol transport. Substitutions of the D-loop aspartate and Q-loop glutamine in either NBD did not impair sterol transport. The H-loop histidine of NBD2 (but not NBD1) was required for sterol transport. Exchange of the signature motifs between the NBDs did not interfere with sterol transport, whereas swapping the Walker A, Walker B, and signature motifs together resulted in failure to transport sterols. Selected substitutions within NBD1 altered substrate specificity: transport of plant sterols by the heterodimer was preserved, whereas transport of cholesterol was abolished. In summary, these data indicate that NBD1, although not required for ATP hydrolysis, is essential for normal function of G5G8 in sterol transport. Both the position and structural integrity of NBD2 are essential for sterol transport activity.
Analysis of the viscous aerodynamics of a thin airfoil cascade by a locally analytic method

Abstract A mathematical model is developed to analyze the steady viscous aerodynamics of a cascade of thin airfoils in an incompressible laminar flow. Solutions for the flow field, described by the nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations, are obtained by developing a locally analytical method. In this technique, the discrete algebraic equations which represent the flow field equations are obtained from analytical solutions in individual grid elements, accomplished by locally linearizing the convective terms. Analytical solutions are then developed by applying these solutions to individual grid elements. The ability of the steady flow model and locally analytical solution to predict flow development, separation, and reattachment at moderate values of the Reynolds numbers is then demonstrated.
Optimization of helical coil applicators for hyperthermia

Numerical solutions were used to optimize helical coil applicators to maximize the ratio of axial heating to surface heating within coaxial muscle cylinders. It is shown that this optimization requires significantly larger values of pitch angle and frequency than any previously specified for experimental applicators. The maximum ratio of axial to surface heating is obtained with a linear helix defined to have a pitch angle of 90 degrees . Calculated ratios of axial/surface heating with a linear helix are as large as 2.54 (at 352 MHz) for a muscle cylinder with a radius of 4 cm, and 1.26 (at 82 MHz) for one with a radius of 8 cm. The relationship of the linear helix applicator to the annual phased-array applicator and to the resonant cylindrical cavity applicator is discussed. >
3D Atomistic Simulations of Submicron Device Fabrication

We use the Lattice Monte Carlo method to simulate the coupled motion of vacancies, interstitials and dopants during the annealing of a 50nm channel length NMOS structure. The initial defect locations are taken from Monte Carlo ion implantation simulations. The resulting defects diffuse, recombine, pair and cluster, with rates of these atomic processes calculated based on the local environment. Dopant redistribution occurs via both displacement by vacancies as well as the formation and diffusion of mobile boron and arsenic interstitials. We use these simulations to demonstrate the potential of atomistic simulations for deep submicron devices and to explore the influence of atomistic processes on macroscopic behavior.
Software project demonstrations as not only an assessment tool but also a learning tool

Software project demonstrations are commonly used as an effective assessment tool in software courses. We found that in addition to helping instructors find out the status of student projects in a short period of time, project demonstrations motivate students and challenge them to synthesize, organize, prioritize, and articulate different aspects of their projects, all of which are important skills of professional software developers. Our experiment shows that project demonstrations are an effective learning tool as well. In this paper, we describe different types of project demonstrations in our experiment, including short, frequent five-minute demonstrations and formal final project demonstrations. This study was conducted in the context of a software engineering capstone project course.
NORMAL ELECTRICALLY INDUCED REFLEXES ("H REFLEXES") IN A 2-WEEK-OLD INFANT WITH ACRANIA AND CEREBRAL DYSGENESIS.

A patient with cerebral dysgenesis, who survived for 27 days after birth, had normal electrically induced reflexes (EIRs) at 2 weeks of age. Since neuropathological findings showed absence of pyramids, cortico-spinal tracts, and cerebellar vermis, it is obvious that these neural elements are not essential for the elicitation of the reflex, nor for the changes in reflex amplitude which occur when the infant goes from wakefulness to sleep, or vice versa.
Microwave measurements of the spectra and molecular structure for phthalic anhydride

Abstract The microwave rotational spectrum for phthalic anhydride (PhA) has been measured in the 4–14 GHz microwave region using a pulsed-beam Fourier transform (PBFT) Flygare–Balle type microwave spectrometer. Initially, the molecular structure was calculated using Gaussian 09 suite with mp2/6-311++G ** basis and the calculations were used in predicting spectra for the measured isotopologues. The experimental rotational transition frequencies were measured and used to calculate the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants. The rotational constants for the normal isotopologue, four unique 13 C substituted isotopologues and two 18 O isotologues, were used in a least squares fit to determine nearly all structural parameters for this molecule. Since no substitutions were made at hydrogen sites, the calculated positions of the hydrogen atoms relative to the bonded carbon atoms were used in the structure determination. The rotational constants for the parent isotopologue were determined to be A = 1801.7622(9) MHz, B = 1191.71816(26) MHz, C = 717.44614(28) MHz. Small values for the centrifugal distortion constants were obtained; D J = 0.0127 kHz, D JK = 0.0652 kHz, and D K = −0.099 kHz, indicating a fairly rigid structure. The structure of PhA is planar with a negative inertial defect of Δ = −0.154 amu A 2 . Structural parameters from the mp2 and DFT calculations are in quite good agreement with measured parameters.
Vas anastomosis: a return to simplicity.

The author describes his technique for simple end-to-end mucosa-to -mucosa anastomosis performed with nonabsorbable monofilament sutures. In his experience this restores sperm to ejaculate in 80-90% of cases and is the best procedure. This is most easily done when the original vasectomy was in the straight vas with no significant defect in length can be done with difficulty when the vasectomy was in the convoluted portion of the vas and is impossible when substantial lengths of vas ha ve been resected. Strictures of the vas seem unimportant. Pregnancies often occur after spontaneous anastomoses of minute diameter. The major problems are suturing the supporting fascial sheath so the vas ends cannot be pulled apart even with mild traction making the juncture leakproof and suturing with precision. Pregnancy has followed in about 1/3 of the authors cases. In 10-20% of patients 1 or both epididymides are obstructed; epididymo-vasectomy may be attempted but its success rat e is poor. Leakage from the anastomosis can result in a spermatic granaloma obstructing the healing. If the operation fails for this or any other technical reason it can be attempted again with good hope for success. Scarring can occur at the point of emergence of a splint causing failure. This is a reason for not using 1. Postvasectomy autoimmunity to sperm often occurs and its role in causing sterility is still vague. Prevention is tied to the avoidance of sperm spillage. This is why the vas is sealed at the time of vasectomy to help avoid spermatic granuloma and sperm spillage is carefully avoided at vasovasot omy. Prednisone may be useful in overcoming this immunity. 2 factors may explain the marked discrepancy between success as judged by sperm in the ejaculate and as judged by pregnancies: 1) after vasectomy the tubules of the epididymis dilate and may not regain their ability to peristalse slowing sperm transport and causing many to die before they reach the vas; 2) after vasectomy increased phagocytosis helps reach a balance between sperm production and sperm absorption and after anastomos is phagocytosis may remain hyperactive. Follw-up is often difficult to secure after anastomosis. As a rule the operation is done during a 2nd marriage and the man often rejects testing because he fears a failure.
Perception and recognition memory in monkeys following lesions of area TE and perirhinal cortex

Monkeys with lesions of perirhinal cortex (PR group) and monkeys with lesions of inferotemporal cortical area TE (TE group) were tested on a modified version of the delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) task that included very short delay intervals (0.5 sec) as well as longer delay intervals (1 min and 10 min). Lesions of the perirhinal cortex and lesions of area TE produced different patterns of impairment. The PR group learned the DNMS task as quickly as normal monkeys (N) when the delay between sample and choice was very short (0.5 sec). However, performance of the PR group, unlike that of the N group, fell to chance levels when the delay between sample and choice was lengthened to 10 min. In contrast to the PR group, the TE group was markedly impaired on the DNMS task even at the 0.5-sec delay, and three of four monkeys with TE lesions failed to acquire the task. The results provide support for the idea that perirhinal cortex is important not for perceptual processing, but for the formation and maintenance of long-term memory. Area TE is important for the perceptual processing of visual stimuli.
Effect of thinning on flying insect communities using window traps in young douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in the Pacific Northwestern America

The response of insects to four thinning intensities (control, light-thin, heavy-thin, or light-thin with gaps) was examined in 40-to 60-year-old Douglas-fir stands on the Willamette National Forest in Oregon, USA. In both 2000 and 2001, flying insect assemblages were collected from window traps placed over the forest floor in the center of each treatment block during two annual intervals: 1 ) June through August (early-season) and 2) August through October (late-season). The seasonal responses by these insects showed statistically significant differences in species richness (F= 22.21,P 0.05) and L/G (IV=29.2, P ≤0.05). For all thinning treatments, the numbers of species and individuals were higher in the early season than the late season. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that Axis 1 (65%) and Axis 2 (27%) explained 92% of the variance. The former was strongly associated with thinning intensity, having higher coefficients of species richness (r=0.645) and species diversity (r=0.583). The multi-response permutation procedures showed a statistically significant difference for thinning intensity (T-statistics=-4.6322,A-statistics=0.0479,P <0.0001 ). These results suggest that heavier thinning can result in more diverse populations of flying insects, including herbivores and predators.
Surface membrane remodeling following removal of vasopressin in toad urinary bladder.

Abstract Vasopressin (ADH) increases transepithelial water flow in renal epithelia by a process that involves the insertion of water channels into the apical membrane. The objective of the present study was to examine membrane surface remodeling under conditions that promote the recovery of water channels. Hemibladders were set up as sacs with an imposed osmotic gradient. The control sacs received no hormone treatment, whereas the other sacs were stimulated with l00mU/ml ADH for 10 or 15 min to induce exocytosis and enhanced water flow. ADH was then washed from the tissues with fresh buffer rinses to abolish the hormone actions. These tissues were then allowed to recover for 15, 30 and 60 min. During this time water channels are recovered intracellularly by a process of endocytosis. This time period was called the retrieval period. At specified time intervals, tissues were fixed and processed for SEM or embedded in epon for ultrathin sectioning for TEM studies. Control tissues, regardless of the length of time, showed little or no sign of surface remodeling that was indicative of endocytosis during pre- or post-buffer washes, whereas the ADH- treated tissues showed a time-dependent remodeling of the apical membrane during activation and following removal of the hormone during the retrieval period. At the 10 min retrieval period, greater than 47% of the granular cells showed extensive surface remodeling. By 30 and 60 min post-hormone treatment during recovery, fewer than 23% of granular cells showed signs of surface membrane changes. During retrieval the apical membrane undergoes a transition with a loss of both microridges and microvilli prior to membrane restoration. These observations suggest that apical membrane remodeling is crucial for the restoration of membrane permeability following hormone activation and termination.
An Active Thin-Film Cochlear Electrode Array With Monolithic Backing and Curl

This paper reports the development of a robust, 32-site, four-channel, flexible cochlear implant as a prototype for a 128-site, eight-channel human prosthesis. The electrode array is comprised of metal layers embedded in Parylene C and includes parylene rings and self-curling parylene layers that can achieve a minimum radius of curvature . Finite element analysis simulations predict that the substrate stiffness of the arrays can be tailored from 0.2 to 1.4 kN·μm2 with parylene rings to increase the rigidity seven-fold over that of a flat parylene array. Guinea pig arrays have achieved insertion depths of up to 6.5 mm in the cochlea with no visible damage to the scala media. The application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the cochlear implant was realized in 0.5 μm technology to support a wide range of multisite multipolar stimulus configurations. The ASIC fits within the space of the otic bulla with a size of 2.2 mm by 2.5 mm and operates from a ±2.5 V supply at clock speeds up to 500 kHz. The maximum power consumption is 2.5 mW when outputting monopolar 500 μA biphasic pulses.
Ulcerative colitis in a renal transplant patient with previous Goodpasture disease

A renal transplant was performed in a 6-year-old boy who developed end stage renal disease (ESRD) after presenting with antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease. At 10 years of age he developed ulcerative colitis while being immunosuppressed with cyclosporin, prednisone, and azothioprine. He had a pancolectomy, and at 14 years has no symptoms of ulcerative colitis or anti-GBM disease. HLA typing revealed that he was homozygous for HLA DR2. The co-occurrence of anti-GBM disease and ulcerative colitis has not previously been described. Although there is no known common etiology for these two autoimmune diseases, we propose that the patient's homozygosity at HLA DR2 may have predisposed him to both.
Antidotes to anthrax lethal factor intoxication. Part 1: Discovery of potent lethal factor inhibitors with in vivo efficacy

Sub-nanomolar small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor have been identified using SAR and Merck L915 (4) as a model compound. One of these compounds (16) provided 100% protection in a rat lethal toxin model of anthrax disease.
Mixed convection from long horizontal cylinders

This paper is the report of an experimental study of heat transfer from fine horizontal wires of various lengths to fluids having various Prandtl numbers. Transport characteristics were determined for the full spectrum of processes from natural, through mixed, to forced convection. The experimental results are compared with those of past analysis and with correlations. The very high level of accuracy and reproducibility of the data makes possible the detection of very small effects. The influence of cylinder length on transport is shown for both of the asymptotic rgimes of natural and of forced convection. Transport in the mixed-convection rgime is determined and limits of that rgime are estimated.
Ecological studies of the salt marsh ecad scorpioides (Hornemann) Hauck of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis

Abstract The seasonal and spatial distribution of the free-living ecad scorpioides (Hornemann) Hauck of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis are described from the Great Bay Estuary System of New Hampshire-Maine, U.S.A. The growth and distribution of ecad scorpioides show a variety of phenological and distributional relationships between A. nodosum and the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora Loiseleur-Deslongchamps. A biomass maximum of ecad scorpioides was found in the fall during two consecutive years; it may be attributable to an influx of source material (i.e., A. nodosum) after storms, as well as normal seasonal growth of the ecad. Spartina alterniflora provides initial stability for the progenitor fragments of ecad scorpioides and a protective canopy during the summer. Sexual reproduction of the ecad scorpioides was only recorded during one of the three years of study. The morphology and reproduction of ecad scorpioides is compared and contrasted with the attached A. nodosum, as well as with several detached ecads. A gradient of morphology is evident from typical A. nodosum to the extreme ‘marsh’ ecad scorpioides.
Time and time again: Implications of time perception theory

This article explores the integration of time perception theory from various root disciplines related to family resource management. It includes anthropological models of time perception and sociological and psychological concepts related to time measure and usage. Examples of issues appropriate to the exploration of time use in the home and instrumentation that may assist in its understanding and measurement are included.
Primary sites of actions of staurosporine and H-7 in the cascade of insulin action to glucose transport in rat adipocytes.

Abstract The insulin-stimulated glucose transporter in rat adipocytes was inhibited by two protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine (SSP) and H-7 (1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine). However, whereas SSP (10 μM) blocked the insulin-dependent translocation of glucose transporter, H-7 (3 mM) did not. The latter inhibited glucose transporter activity not only in cells, but also in reconstituted liposomes. On the other hand, SSP blocked both the action of insulin and the insulinomimetic action of GTPγS (Guanosine 5′- O -(3-thiotriphosphate)). GTPγS had distinct effects on the glucose transport and cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities. It is suggest that H-7 may inhibit glucose transport activity per se; a SSP sensitive protein kinases (protein kinase C isoforms?) may be involved in cascade of the insulin action on glucose transporter as modulated by GTPγS; and glucose transport and PDE activities may be regulated by distinct GTPγS-sensitive factors.