cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Audience Response Systems to Enhance Chronic, Noncancer Pain Knowledge Acquisition Among Veterans.

Abstract Background: Educating patients on factual information related to chronic pain and self-management improves knowledge, pain outcomes, and compliance. The current study assesses changes in pain knowledge among veterans who attended a 12-week “Pain Education School” and examines whether or not the addition of an active learning component (i.e., use of an audience response system [ARS]) leads to greater increases in pain knowledge. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 veterans 24–84 years of age who elected to participate in the 12-week pain education program was evaluated. Only a subgroup of veterans (n=69) had access to the ARS. Results: A 2×2 repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance was conducted to examine changes in pain knowledge, pain beliefs, stage of readiness to adopt a self-management approach, and depressive symptoms over time and to explore the impact of ARS use on pain knowledge acquisition. Participants reported a statistically significant difference between their pre- and...
Applications of Flow Cytometry in Surgical Pathology

Flow cytometry (FCM) is the simultaneous measurement of several cellular parameters while a suspension of cells flows past a light source. This technology and its clinical applications are discussed. FCM can supply the pathologist with information concerning cellular antigenic phenotype and DNA content, which is useful in establishing a diagnosis, determination of disease prognosis, and follow-up of patients. Specific applications in the evaluation of hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors are presented.
PH triggered smart organogel from DCDHF-Hydrazone molecular switch

Abstract The design, synthesis and photophysical properties of a Low Molecular Weight pH-responsive Gelator (LMWG) based on alkoxy group functionalized DCDHF-Hydrazones (DCDHF-H) are described. A straightforward synthesis of DCDHF-Hydrazone (DCDHF-H) chromophores was achieved via simple azo-coupling starting from 2-(dicyanomethylene)-2,5-dihydro-4,5,5-trimethylfuran-3-carbonitrile and alkoxy bearing aryl diazonium chloride derivatives. The DCDHF-H efficiently gelate selected organic solvents and reversibly respond to pH stimuli with a gel-sol conversion and an associated color change from yellow to purple. Self-assembly of these molecules, as indicated by X-ray crystallography, occurs via cooperative π–π stacking and van der Waals interactions producing gelation in some pure and mixed organic solvents. Furthermore, the presence of acidic or alkaline gases leads to a dramatic change in the rheological properties with potential applications in areas such as gas detection devices and drug release systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the xerogels obtained from n-propanol provide visual images revealing the formation of fibrous nanostructures.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated synaptic transmission in nucleus accumbens.

Martin, Gilles, Zhiguo Nie, and George R. Siggins. Metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate N-methyl-d-aspartate–mediated synaptic transmission in nucleus accumbens. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3028–3038...
The importance of clean in place (CIP) equipment in pasteurized milk processing

Cleaning of the equipment is vital in the food processing. Clean in Place (CIP) is an ideal equipment for cleaning .So far it has been getting more and more popular in the food processing industry, especially in dairy enterprises. The principles of CIP and its application in milk production are introduced.
Large-Scale Privacy-Preserving Mapping of Human Genomic Sequences on Hybrid Clouds.

An operation preceding most human DNA analyses is read mapping, which aligns millions of short sequences (called reads) to a reference genome. This step involves an enormous amount of computation (evaluating edit distances for millions upon billions of sequence pairs) and thus needs to be outsourced to low-cost commercial clouds. This asks for scalable techniques to protect sensitive DNA information, a demand that cannot be met by any existing techniques (e.g., homomorphic encryption, secure multiparty computation). In this paper, we report a new step towards secure and scalable read mapping on the hybrid cloud, which includes both the public commercial cloud and the private cloud within an organization. Inspired by the famous “seed-and-extend” method, our approach strategically splits a mapping task: the public cloud seeks exact matches between the keyed hash values of short read substrings (called seeds) and those of reference sequences to roughly position reads on the genome; the private cloud extends the seeds from these positions to find right alignments. Our novel seed-combination technique further moves most workload of this task to the public cloud. The new approach is found to work effectively against known inference attacks, and also easily scale to millions of reads.
Epidemiology of low back pain.

(1998). Epidemiology of low back pain. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 69, The Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 for prevention of musculo-skeletal disorders: Lund, Sweden, April 17–18, 1998, pp. 28-31.
Ligand effects on the properties of Ni(III) complexes: aerobically-induced aromatic cyanation at room temperature

A series of organometallic NiII and NiIII complexes supported by tertadendate RN3C− ligands were synthesized and fully characterized using X-ray crystallography, CV, and EPR. Based on the solid state structures, the substituents on the two amine N-donors significantly affect the coordination of the NiIII centers, while the para substituents of the phenyl C-donor have a reduced effect. This is further supported by electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements that suggest the presence of a less bulky N-substituent of the RN3C− ligand leads to a more accessible NiIII center. These results also suggest that the (NpN3C)Ni system should be more reactive toward oxidation than the corresponding (tBuN3C)Ni and (pOMeN3C)Ni systems. Indeed, aerobic oxidative aromatic cyanation was achieved with the (NpN3C)Ni system at room temperature.
Daylight operation of a sodium laser guide star

We report photometric measurements of a sodium resonance guide star against the daylight sky when observed through a tuned magneto-optical filter (MOF). The MOF comprises a sodium vapor cell in a kilogauss-level magnetic field between crossed polarizers and has a very narrow transmission profile at the sodium D2 resonance of approximately 0.008 nm. Our observations were made with the 1.5 m Kuiper telescope on Mt. Bigelow, AZ, which has a separately mounted guide star laser projecting a circularly polarized single-frequency beam of approximately 6.5 W at 589.16 nm. Both the beam projector and the 1.5 m telescope were pointed close to zenith; the baseline between them is approximately 5 m. Measurements of the guide star were made on the morning of 2016 March 24 using an imaging camera focused on the beacon and looking through the full aperture of the telescope. The guide star flux was estimated at 1.20×106 photon/m2/s while at approximately 45 minutes after sunrise, the sky background through the MOF was 1100 photon/m2/s/arcsec2. We interpret our results in terms of thermal infrared observations with adaptive optics on the next generation of extremely large telescopes now being built.
Microneedles – Minimally Invasive Transdermal Delivery Technology

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the microneedle array technique and the most recent developments in the field. Microneedle array technology is minimally invasive; it opens a new approach of using microfabricated microneedles to enhance drug delivery across the skin. The microneedles are approximately 150 mm in length, long enough to cross the stratum corneum (opening up small channels to allow drug delivery) but small enough not to stimulate the nerves in the dermal layer. However, the issue related to microneedle technology is the lack of reproducibility of the dose administered, which limits its application to drugs with a broad therapeutic window. Moreover, it is also required to generate more data relating to the fate of the drugs administered transdermally via microneedles and their kinetics in systemic circulation. This not only broadens its application to a wide variety of active substances, but also to patients who can administer them in a safe and reproducible manner in the absence of medical supervision. In spite of a few limiting issues related to microneedles, microneedle technology offers immense potential in delivering all kinds of molecules, whether micromolecules or macromolecules, using any route from systemic to local, and also to all levels of life ranging from cellular to organ systems. Microneedle technology offers a beacon of hope that promises effortless, convenient, patient-compliant, and minimally invasive forms of drug delivery and has the potential to become the leading transdermal drug delivery system with improved technological advancement.
Syntactic Models for Structural Word Insertion and Deletion during Translation

An important problem in translation neglected by most recent statistical machine translation systems is insertion and deletion of words, such as function words, motivated by linguistic structure rather than adjacent lexical context. Phrasal and hierarchical systems can only insert or delete words in the context of a larger phrase or rule. While this may suffice when translating in-domain, it performs poorly when trying to translate broad domains such as web text. Various syntactic approaches have been proposed that begin to address this problem by learning lexicalized and unlexicalized rules. Among these, the treelet approach uses unlexicalized order templates to model ordering separately from lexical choice. We introduce an extension to the latter that allows for structural word insertion and deletion, without requiring a lexical anchor, and show that it produces gains of more than 1.0% BLEU over both phrasal and baseline treelet systems on broad domain text.
Acute Otitis Media Curriculum.

Abstract Introduction Studies have shown that clinicians do a poor job of diagnosing middle ear infections, and an inaccurate diagnosis may result in inappropriate treatment, such as overuse of ant...
Infusing CSPAP Knowledge, Training and Research into Doctoral PETE

This article will highlight ways in which the University of Utah has collaboratively promoted and prepared doctoral students to teach and conduct research on comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAPs). Specifically, the article addresses the coursework, assistantships/practical experiences, and research requirements that are used to prepare Ph.D. candidates to train physical education teacher education students in all aspects of a CSPAP.
Microstructures and mixed layering in intergrown wonesite, chlorite, talc, biotite, and kaolinite

Post Pond Volcanics, Vermont; transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. The chlorite occurs in intergrown 1-layer and disordered polytypes, the wonesite occurs in 1-layer, 2-layer, 3-layer, and disordered forms, and the biotite occurs as 1-layer and 2-layer polytypes with minor stacking disorder.--Modified journal abstract.
Murine model indicates 22q11.2 signaling adaptor CRKL is a dosage-sensitive regulator of genitourinary development

The spectrum of congenital anomalies affecting either the upper tract (kidneys and ureters) or lower tract (reproductive organs) of the genitourinary (GU) system are fundamentally linked by the developmental origin of multiple GU tissues, including the kidneys, gonads, and reproductive ductal systems: the intermediate mesoderm. Although ∼31% of DiGeorge/del22q11.2 syndrome patients exhibit GU defects, little focus has been placed on the molecular etiology of GU defects in this syndrome. Among del22q11.2 patients exhibiting GU anomalies, we have mapped the smallest relevant region to only five genes, including CRKLCRKL encodes a src-homology adaptor protein implicated in mediating tyrosine kinase signaling, and is expressed in the developing GU-tract in mice and humans. Here we show that Crkl mutant embryos exhibit gene dosage-dependent growth restriction, and homozygous mutants exhibit upper GU defects at a microdissection-detectable rate of 23%. RNA-sequencing revealed that 52 genes are differentially regulated in response to uncoupling Crkl from its signaling pathways in the developing kidney, including a fivefold up-regulation of Foxd1, a known regulator of nephron progenitor differentiation. Additionally, Crkl heterozygous adult males exhibit cryptorchidism, lower testis weight, lower sperm count, and subfertility. Together, these data indicate that CRKL is intimately involved in normal development of both the upper and lower GU tracts, and disruption of CRKL contributes to the high incidence of GU defects associated with deletion at 22q11.2.
Age of first drunkenness and risks for all-cause mortality: A 27-year follow-up from the epidemiologic catchment area study

Abstract Background Early-onset drunkenness is associated with an increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD), which predicts excess mortality risk. Here, we estimated mortality risk for drinkers with and without early drunkenness. Methods For 14,848 adult participants interviewed about drinking, drunken episodes, and AUD in 1981–83 for the Epidemiologic Catchment Area in New Haven (Connecticut), Baltimore (Maryland), St. Louis (Missouri), and Durham (North Carolina), we linked National Death Index records through 2007. Results Cox regression modeling estimates showed excess mortality for drinkers with age of first drunkenness earlier than 15 years old (hazard ratio, HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.72) and when first drunkenness occurred at or after age 15 (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.29), as compared with adults who had never been drunk. Consistent results were observed, irrespective of AUD history. That is, early drunkenness signaled excess mortality risk even in absence of AUD. Conclusions In a large community sample from four cities in the US, early age of onset of drunkenness predicts mortality risk. We discuss experiments to investigate the possible causal significance of this predictive association.
The Angel of Geography: Superman, Tiger Mother, aspiration management, and the child as waste*

Contemporary capitalism is in the throes of crises precipitated by over-accumulation and the effects of decades of privatization, commodification, and financialization, each sieved through the other. The angel of geography is conjured to mark these crises on the grounds of everyday life. Their profound and uneven consequences for the present and future, seen in the shifting discourses and material social practices around children and childhood, call for redress. This piece builds upon my ongoing project, ‘childhood as spectacle’, to examine what is at stake in the accomplishment of social reproduction – and its failures – in turbulent times and heterogeneous spaces. Looking closely at the ways aspirations for the future are defined, managed, reached, and deferred in and through the family and schools, I take stock of contemporary social reproduction and its anxieties. Drawing on three popular and contradictory cultural productions, the films Race to Nowhere and Waiting for Superman, and the best-selling b...
Comparative analysis of juice volatiles in selected mandarins, mandarin relatives and other citrus genotypes

Background: Citrus fruit flavor is an important attribute prioritized in variety improvement. The present study compared juice volatiles compositions from 13 selected citrus genotypes, including six mandarins (Citrus reticulata), three sour oranges (Citrus aurantium), one blood orange (Citrus sinensis), one lime (Citrus limonia), one Clementine (Citrus clementina) and one satsuma (Citrus unshiu).; Results: Large differences were observed with respect to volatile compositions among the citrus genotypes. 'Goutou' sour orange contained the greatest number of volatile compounds and the largest volatile production level. 'Ponkan' mandarin had the smallest number of volatiles and 'Owari' satsuma yielded the lowest volatile production level. 'Goutou' sour orange and 'Moro' blood orange were clearly distinguished from other citrus genotypes based on the analysis of volatile compositions, even though they were assigned into one single group with two other sour oranges by the molecular marker profiles.; Conclusions: The clustering analysis based on the aroma volatile compositions was able to differentiate mandarin varieties and natural sub-groups, and was also supported by the molecular marker study. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of citrus juice aroma volatiles can be used as a tool to distinguish citrus genotypes and assist in the assessment of future citrus breeding programs. The aroma volatile profiles of the different citrus genotypes and inter-relationships detected among volatile compounds and among citrus genotypes will provide fundamental information on the development of marker-assisted selection in citrus breeding. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pathology of Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma of the Axial Skeleton

Abstract The skull is an uncommon location for primary bone tumors. Those that arise in this location are often malignant, and the most common are chordoma and chondrosarcoma. These tumors have some overlapping clinicopathological features but can be distinguished by their morphology and immunohistochemical profile. Histologically chordoma demonstrates lobules of cohesive polyhedral cells with vacuolated cytoplasm in a mucinous or myxoid matrix; immunohistochemistry for brachyury is positive. Chondrosarcoma shows chondrocytes with increased cellularity and atypia in a hyaline or myxoid cartilaginous matrix; immunohistochemistry for brachyury is negative. Chordoma is the most common primary sarcoma of the axial skeleton and arises with approximately equal frequently in the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrococcygeal region. The spine is a more common site than the skull base for chondrosarcoma. Chordoma and chondrosarcoma are usually treated by a combining surgical resection and radiation therapy. Overall, chondrosarcoma has a better prognosis than chordoma.
The effect of potassium chloride on Aplysia Californica abdominal ganglion activity.

Objective Spontaneous activity in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia can be used as a convenient bioelectricity source in tests of novel MRI-based functional imaging methods, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (fMREIT). In these tests, it is necessary to find a consistent treatment that modulates neural activity, so that these results can be compared with control data. Effects of MREIT imaging currents combined with treatment were also of interest. Approach Potassium chloride (KCl) was employed as a rhythm modulator. In a series of experiments, effects of adding different volumes of KCl solution were tested and compared with experiments on control groups that had artificial sea water administered. In all cases, neuronal activity was measured with micro electrode arrays. Main results It was possible to reversibly stop spontaneous activity in ganglia by increasing the extracellular potassium chloride concentration to 89 mM. There was no effect on experimental outcomes when current was administered to the sample chamber between recordings. Significance KCl can be used as a reversible neural modulator for testing neural detection methods.
Outcomes for Percutaneous Mitral Valve-in-Valves and Mitral Valve-in-Rings in the Transapical and Transseptal Access Routes: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

ABSTRACTBackground: The transapical (TA) route for mitral valve-in-valve (MVIV) and mitral valve-in-ring (MVIR) techniques has been predominantly used. Currently, there is an increasing trend towards the transseptal (TS) route. The purpose of the study was to assess the outcomes of TA and TS access for percutaneous MVIV and MVIR techniques in terms of procedural success, 30-day mortality, major bleeding events and valve embolization.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane CENTRAL was completed. We identified and pooled all studies reporting either the TS or TA approach for MVIV or MVIR with at least five patients using weighted proportional analysis. For analysis we used studies reporting the outcomes of percutaneous MVIV or MVIR based on the TS/TA approach.Results: From the initial 1,993 abstracts, 15 studies reporting on 236 patients were analyzed to find the pooled estimate of the endpoints. In the TA arm, 11 studies were included, and in the TS arm, 8 studies wer...
The politics of a natural laboratory: Claiming territory and governing life in the Galápagos Islands.

The Galapagos Islands are often called a natural laboratory of evolution. This metaphor provides a powerful way of understanding space that, through scientific research, conservation and tourism, h...
Social Responsibility in Sports: Current Landscape

While most industries are being held increasingly responsible for engaging in socially responsible business practices and contributing to public interest efforts, professional sports are likely held to an even higher standard of what is traditionally considered corporate social responsibility (CSR). Professional sports are intricately embedded in their communities, arguably more dependent on consumer and government support, with greater influence on culture and more power to improve community well-being. These facts lead to the expectation that professional sports will contribute more to society than just exciting exhibitions. As this expectation is relatively new, the parameters of social responsibility in sports (SRS) is not well defined. Most professional leagues and teams in the United States are participating in efforts to improve their communities, the well-being of their employees, and promote safety and integrity within their competitions. But neither the motivations behind these efforts nor the outcomes have been well characterized. This examination draws on original research to describe how SRS differs from typical CSR. It will then identify some key legal mechanisms through which socially responsible efforts in sports are carried out, and the importance of a leadership culture that embraces SRS. Finally, it will explain the value of authentic social responsibility efforts, both to the community and to the implementing sport organization, which calls for investments in SRS initiatives that are strategically tailored to the organization’s identity and are held accountable for meeting the needs of the community.
Psychological resilience among transfeminine adolescents and emerging adults living with HIV.

Objectives:The current study sought to examine factors that promote psychological resilience related to engagement in the HIV continuum of care (CoC) among transfeminine adolescents and emerging adults (TF AEA) living with HIV in the U.S. using a qualitative approach.Design:The parent study from whi
Inexact Newton Methods for Stochastic Non-Convex Optimization with Applications to Neural Network Training

We study stochastic inexact Newton methods and consider their application in nonconvex settings. Building on the work of [R. Bollapragada, R. H. Byrd, and J. Nocedal, IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 39 (2018), pp. 545--578] we derive bounds for convergence rates in expected value for stochastic low rank Newton methods, and stochastic inexact Newton Krylov methods. These bounds quantify the errors incurred in subsampling the Hessian and gradient, as well as in approximating the Newton linear solve, and in choosing regularization and step length parameters. We deploy these methods in training convolutional autoencoders for the MNIST and CIFAR10 data sets. Numerical results demonstrate that, relative to first order methods, these stochastic inexact Newton methods often converge faster, are more cost-effective, and generalize better.
Peer Victimization and Dysfunctional Reward Processing: ERP and Behavioral Responses to Social and Monetary Rewards.

Peer victimization (or bullying) is a known risk factor for depression, especially among youth. However, the mechanisms connecting victimization experience to depression symptoms remains unknown. As depression is known to be associated with neural blunting to monetary rewards, aberrant responsiveness to social rewards may be a key deficit connecting socially stressful experiences with later depression. We therefore sought to determine whether adolescents’ experiences with social stress would be related to their current response to social rewards over less socially relevant monetary rewards. Neural responses to monetary and social rewards were measured using event-related potentials (ERPs) to peer acceptance and rejection feedback (Island Getaway task) and to monetary reward and loss feedback (Doors task) in a sample of 56 late adolescents/emerging young adults followed longitudinally since preschool. In the Island Getaway task, participants voted whether to “keep” or “kick out” each co-player, providing an index of prosocial behavior, and then received feedback about how each player voted for the participant. Analyses tested whether early and recent peer victimization were related to response to rewards (peer acceptance or monetary gains), residualized for response to losses (peer rejection or monetary losses) using the reward positivity (RewP) component. Findings indicated that both experiencing greater early and greater recent peer victimization were significantly associated with participants casting fewer votes to keep other adolescents (“Keep” votes) and that greater early peer victimization was associated with reduced neural response to peer acceptance. Early and recent peer victimization were significantly more associated with neural response to social than monetary rewards. Together, these findings suggest that socially injurious experiences such as peer victimization, especially those occurring early in childhood, relate to two distinct but important findings: that early victimization is associated with later reduced response to peer acceptance, and is associated with later tendency to reject peers. Findings also suggest that there is evidence of specificity to reward processing of different types; thus, future research should expand studies of reward processing beyond monetary rewards to account for the possibility that individual differences may be related to other, more relevant, reward types.
Influence of Colostrum and Vitamins A, D3, and E on Early Intestinal Colonization of Neonatal Holstein Calves Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Exposure of neonates to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) via infected dams is the primary mode of transmission of Johne’s disease. Little is known about the impacts of feeding colostrum and supplemental vitamins on the gut microbiome in calves exposed to MAP. In the present study, calves were assigned at birth to one of six treatment groups: (1) Colostrum deprived (CD), no vitamins; (2) colostrum replacer (CR), no vitamins; (3) CR, vitamin A; (4) CR, vitamin D3; (5) CR, vitamin E; (6) CR, vitamins A, D3, E, with five calves per treatment in a 14-day study. All calves were orally inoculated with MAP on days 1 and 3 of the study. Differences due to vitamin supplementation were not significant but treatment groups CR-A, CR-E, and CR-ADE had higher numbers of MAP-positive tissues overall. Shannon diversity indices demonstrated regional differences in microbial communities, primarily Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, between the ileum, cecum, and spiral colon of all calves. CD calves exhibited increased richness compared with CR calves in the cecum and spiral colon and harbored increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes in the mucosa compared with the lumen for all three tissues. Overall, supplementation with vitamins did not appear to influence gut microbiome or impact MAP infection. Feeding of colostrum influenced gut microbiome and resulted in fewer incidences of dysbiosis.
Policing on Behalf of the Community

This paper advocates an "institutional" approach to criminal procedure, one that explores the relevance, to criminal procedure, of the municipal police as a public, executive institution, with different levels of organization and decision-making. The institutional approach contrasts with a traditional, "rights-based" approach to criminal procedure that emphasizes episodic encounters between the state and the public. Using the institutional approach, the paper then asks some questions about the nature of the police, and in particular their claim to police "on behalf of the public." The paper then considers and rejects some of the different justifications for the police claim to police on behalf of the public, and instead suggests the police should be content to police on behalf of the state.
On the comprehensive stability analysis of axially loaded bistable and tristable metastructures

Abstract Approaches to systematic analysis of essentially nonlinear structures with multistable responses, controlled buckling and snapping behavior have received much attention recently in the context of mechanical metamaterials design. A snapping bistable element is generally a highly efficient damper, performing well even at very low forcing frequencies. In this paper, we transfer basic tools of the metamaterials analysis to macroscopic systems relevant to civil and mechanical engineering applications. Such systems are comprised of only several bistable elements. Followed by analysis of a single snapping bistable axial (two-force) element, we consider a combination of two elements with antisymmetric properties and demonstrate a robust tristable performance of the resultant structure in low-frequency or quasistatic tension-compression loading cycles. The tristability provides an overall response that is symmetric for tension and compression, which makes it interesting for applications in machinery and large-scale seismic structures.
Intraocular Lens Placement in the Setting of Glaucoma

Glaucoma following cataract surgery and uveitic glaucoma are the most common clinical scenarios in which glaucoma complicates aphakia. In both of these forms of glaucoma, intraocular pressure control takes precedence and may require medical or surgical intervention prior to considering placement of an intraocular lens (IOL). Evidence of long-term pressure control is imperative for preservation of vision and, especially in young children, accurate lens calculations. In the setting of glaucoma, there are special considerations that need to be assessed when placing a secondary IOL in an aphakic eye. Evaluation of the angle and anterior chamber anatomy and recognition of prior glaucoma surgeries are important when deciding whether to place the IOL in the sulcus or within the capsule. Especially in microphthalmia or eyes with a history of uveitis, debulking of the Soemmering ring and placement of the lens within the capsule should be a priority. Additional procedures in order to preserve a prior glaucoma surgery such as a trabeculectomy or glaucoma drainage device may be required to prevent uncontrolled intraocular pressure postoperatively. Importantly, intraocular pressure control should not be compromised in the process of improving visual function with placement of a secondary IOL.
Potential for Leasing Institutional Lands in Windham County, Connecticut: Toward A New England Food Vision

The social and environmental impacts of the modern industrial food system are ample reason to explore alternative scenarios. A New England Food Vision calls for building a resilient food system at the regional scale, with the goal of providing 50% of New England’s food from within the region by the year 2060. Land access is a substantial challenge for aspiring farmers, particularly those from socially marginalized groups. Leasing farmland is less expensive than purchasing it outright, although not without its challenges. Institutionally owned land—properties owned by government entities, nonprofit organizations, educational organizations, religious organizations, or healthcare organiza­tions—may be especially suitable for leasing to aspiring farmers due to their secure tenure and reduced development pressure. This site suitability analysis identifies institutionally owned lands in Windham County, Connecticut, excludes areas containing ecological or practical constraints, and assesses the new farmland acreage and food pro­duction that might be generated if these lands were converted to agricultural cultivation. Leasing the resulting lands to farmers would increase the agri­cultural acreage within the county by almost 19%. The majority of the land identified was owned either by state or municipal government entities, so farmer advocate organizations seeking to promote leasing arrangements should tailor their resources to this type of land ownership and audience.
Superoxide and Non-ionotropic Signaling in Neuronal Excitotoxicity

Excitotoxicity is classically attributed to Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors (NMDAr), leading to production of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase and superoxide by mitochondria, which react to form highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite. More recent observations warrant revision of the classic view and help to explain some otherwise puzzling aspects of excitotoxic cell injury. Studies using pharmacological and genetic approaches show that superoxide produced by NMDAr activation originates primarily from NADPH oxidase rather than from mitochondria. As NADPH oxidase is localized to the plasma membrane, this also provides an explanation for the extracellular release of superoxide and cell-to-cell "spread" of excitotoxic injury observed in vitro and in vivo. The signaling pathway linking NMDAr to NADPH oxidase involves Ca2+ influx, phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and protein kinase Cζ, and interventions at any of these steps can prevent superoxide production and excitotoxic injury. Ca2+ influx specifically through NMDAr is normally required to induce excitotoxicity, through a mechanism presumed to involve privileged Ca2+ access to local signaling domains. However, experiments using selective blockade of the NMDAr ion channel and artificial reconstitution of Ca2+ by other routes indicate that the special effects of NMDAr activation are attributable instead to concurrent non-ionotropic NMDAr signaling by agonist binding to NMDAr. The non-ionotropic signaling driving NADPH oxidase activation is mediated in part by phosphoinositol-3-kinase binding to the C-terminal domain of GluN2B receptor subunits. These more recently identified aspects of excitotoxicity expand our appreciation of the complexity of excitotoxic processes and suggest novel approaches for limiting neuronal injury.
Semi-structured interviews on disaster and emergency preparedness for people with disabilities in two states in Mexico

When a disaster occurs, people with disabilities are at a higher risk to adverse health outcomes due to inadequate access to resources, high levels of exposure to hazards, and an overall lack of integration with emergency responders. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe perspectives of people with disabilities (PWD) in the context of emergency and disaster preparedness in Mexico. The Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory and the social model of disability were utilized to frame this study. Utilization of standpoint epistemology and community-based input from the focus population allowed for greater understanding of their needs and revealed the potential steps toward promotion of disaster and emergency preparedness among these vulnerable communities. Six surveys were completed by rehabilitation professionals all over Mexico, and eleven semi-structured interviews were completed with PWD in two different research settings in Mexico. The findings provide a precise and nuanced understanding of holistic inclusion in disaster and emergency situations. This study uncovers many unmet needs in the community and input on how to address these issues through grassroot coalition building and inclusion. This study reflects the same urgency as seen in the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report; however, in this study, this assertion is conveyed through the perspective of those who have lived through disastrous events in Mexico in recent years. Conclusively, promotion of emergency and disaster preparedness among people with disabilities will only be achieved through an intersectional and inclusive, equity-based approach to human rights.
GRP78 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection in vitro

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the current COVID-19 global pandemic, utilizes the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for viral entry. However, other host factors may also play major roles in viral infection. Here we report that the stress-inducible molecular chaperone GRP78 can form a complex with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and ACE2 intracellularly and on the cell surface, and that the substrate binding domain of GRP78 is critical for this function. Knock-down of GRP78 by siRNA dramatically reduced cell surface ACE2 expression. Treatment of lung epithelial cells with a humanized monoclonal antibody (hMAb159), selected for its ability to cause GRP78 endocytosis and its safe clinical profile in preclinical models, reduces cell surface ACE2 expression, SARS-CoV-2 Spike-driven viral entry, and significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Our data suggest that GRP78 is an important host auxiliary factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection and a potential target to combat this novel pathogen and other viruses that utilize GRP78.
Strategic Conservation of Gulf Coast Landscapes Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Open Source Remote Sensing and GIS Data

Land conservation decisions often overlook the ecological benefits associated with them. Multiple measures of ecosystem services need to be considered as a framework to evaluate potential areas of interest for conservation. In this research, we developed a conservation prioritization framework that incorporated data measures derived from openly available Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing data and used multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The proposed framework is implemented as an online geospatial conservation prioritization tool (CPT) for the Gulf Coast region of the United States. The CPT is built on a database of 19 measures developed in association with the interests of various stakeholders. Experimental results and feedback from stakeholders on the use of CPT indicate that the approach developed in this project is beneficial for strategizing conservation efforts. This online geospatial tool can be accessed at the following URL: https://scagulf.shinyapps.io/CPTp1/
Repo Turmoil and Lessons for Liquidity Policy

This project considers repo market stress in September 2019. First, I find that the multiple causes of that market disruption suggest the need for more comprehensive review of liquidity policy frameworks. I then review recent proposals to prevent future repo funding disruptions, evaluating them against the efficiency and financial stability goals of liquidity policy. This work contributes to the literature by first, consolidating multidisciplinary perspectives on structural and regulatory flaws in short-term funding markets, second, by introducing and discussing newly available data from the Office of Financial Research, and third, by reinterpreting old proposals and discussions through the lens of the mid-September episode.
Tertium datur . Time as Meditation in Kant and Heidegger

This paper argues that in both Kant and Heidegger the relation between thought and the world is possible only by means of the transcendental mediation of time. Where is the difference, then, between Kant’s and Heidegger’s temporal ontology? Whereas for Kant the schema is a “product of the imagination”, and thus a product of a transcendental faculty of the subject, for Heidegger the three temporal ecstases of transcendence are simply a neutral, structural articulation of the relation between Dasein and world. They are not a product of subjectivity – least of all can they be brought back to the transcendental constitution of a consciousness.
Effectiveness of one-on-one coaching in improving pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) technique among COPD patients: a prospective clinical study

Incorrect use of inhalers among asthma and COPD patients is very prevalent. Yet, no single intervention is considered standard of care. We aimed to conduct a COPD-specific investigation of active one-on-one coaching as the educational intervention to improve pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) technique and COPD symptoms management. COPD patients who have pMDI in their treatment regimen were enrolled in this prospective study using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. After rapid cognitive screen, inhaler technique was assessed and an active one-on-one coaching was provided utilizing the 12-step American Thoracic Society instructions. Patients’ inhaler technique was assessed and scored again at their regular follow-up visits. One hundred and one patients participated in the study. The percentage of pMDI misuse decreased from 43.5% pre-teaching to 12.9% post-teaching (binomial test p value < 0.001). The mean number of errors decreased from 3.1 errors pre-teaching to 1.7 errors post-teaching (paired t-test p value < 0.001). The number needed to treat was 3.3 patients to prevent one misuse. Patients with an impaired cognitive function were more likely to have inhaler misuse in general and less likely to improve their technique when provided training. This study reveals that many COPD patients have incorrect pMDI techniques that can be improved with a short training in the clinic. Trial Registration: Not applicable.
Intelligent Players in a Fictitious Play Framework.

Fictitious play is a popular learning algorithm in which players that utilize the history of actions played by the players and the knowledge of their own payoff matrix can converge to the Nash equilibrium under certain conditions on the game. We consider the presence of an intelligent player that has access to the entire payoff matrix for the game. We show that by not conforming to fictitious play, such a player can achieve a better payoff than the one at the Nash Equilibrium. This result can be viewed both as a fragility of the fictitious play algorithm to a strategic intelligent player and an indication that players should not throw away additional information they may have, as suggested by classical fictitious play.
Electron Crystallography for Structure Analysis

Microstructural design is essential in controlling and optimizing the properties and performance of functional materials. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has played a key role in determining the structures of function materials. A modern TEM is a versatile machine which not only can be used to explore the crystal structure using various imaging and diffraction techniques but also can perform high spatial resolution microanalysis using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The routine point-to-point structural image resolution currently available in TEM is better than 0.2 nm, comparable to the interatomic distances in solids. Thus, TEM and associated analytical techniques are undoubtedly key research tools in determination microstructure and guiding the structure design of functional materials. Therefore, electron crystallography is a combination of all these capabilities, allowing quantitative structure analysis of a crystal as small as a few nanometers.
The AlkB Family of Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenases: Repairing Nucleic Acid Alkylation Damage and Beyond

The AlkB family of Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases is a class of ubiquitous direct reversal DNA repair enzymes that remove alkyl adducts from nucleobases by oxidative dealkylation. The prototypical and homonymous family member is an Escherichia coli “adaptive response” protein that protects the bacterial genome against alkylation damage. AlkB has a wide variety of substrates, including monoalkyl and exocyclic bridged adducts. Nine mammalian AlkB homologs exist (ALKBH1–8, FTO), but only a subset functions as DNA/RNA repair enzymes. This minireview presents an overview of the AlkB proteins including recent data on homologs, structural features, substrate specificities, and experimental strategies for studying DNA repair by AlkB family proteins.
Theory of information network-properties of minimum response time network

This paper is concerned with a response time of an information network. After introducing fundamental quantities of an information engine, we define three types of network response time; transfer, processing and operating response time, and present important properties associated with an information network in minimizing them. >
Transcription termination in vitro by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The role of sequence elements within and surrounding a rho-independent transcription terminator.

rho-Independent transcription terminators in Escherichia coli contain a dG+dC-rich dyad-symmetrical structure that encodes an RNA hairpin structure and an adjacent, downstream dA+dT-rich region which encodes uridines at the 3'-end of the transcript. In the threonine (thr) attenuator, there are at least six sequence segments in the DNA that might affect termination: the sequence upstream of the attenuator, the deoxythymidine-rich stretch immediately preceding the G+C-rich region, the G+C-rich region itself and its hairpin loop-encoding region, the deoxyadenosine tract following the G+C-rich region, and the following downstream sequence. Our previous studies (Jeng, S.-T., Gardner, J.F., and Gumport, R.I. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3823-3830) indicate that both the stability and sequence of the RNA hairpin formed by the G+C-rich region and the length of the uridine tract encoded by the deoxyadenosine stretch influence the termination of T7 RNA polymerase in vitro. In this report, we demonstrate that the template deoxythymidine run upstream of the G+C-rich region, the loop-encoding segment, and the sequences upstream and downstream of the thr attenuator also affect termination. These results indicate that: 1) a deoxythymidine tract is not absolutely required for termination, but increasing the number of deoxythymidines from one to nine base pairs causes T7 RNA polymerase to terminate more efficiently; 2) a template with the natural loop sequence reversed results in a higher termination efficiency than one encoded by the the wild-type attenuator; 3) the termination of T7 RNA polymerase is affected by sequences both proximal and distal to the thr attenuator.
The kinetics of the hydrolysis of some 2‐imidazolines

A 1,2-disubstituted-2-imidazoline was hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions of varying PH. The rate of reaction approaches a maximum as the base concentration is increased. Salt effects and activation energies also seem to vary with PH.
Application of local linear embedding to nonlinear exploratory latent structure analysis

In this paper we discuss the use of a recent dimension reduction technique called Locally Linear Embedding, introduced by Roweis and Saul, for performing an exploratory latent structure analysis. The coordinate variables from the locally linear embedding describing the manifold on which the data reside serve as the latent variable scores. We propose the use of semiparametric penalized spline methods for reconstruction of the manifold equations that approximate the data space. We also discuss a crossvalidation strategy that can guide in selecting an appropriate number of latent variables. Synthetic as well as real data sets are used to illustrate the proposed approach. A nonlinear latent structure representation of a data set also serves as a data visualization tool.