cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomic structures of low-complexity protein segments reveal kinked β sheets that assemble networks

Subcellular membraneless assemblies are a reinvigorated area of study in biology, with spirited scientific discussions on the forces between the low-complexity protein domains within these assemblies. To illuminate these forces, we determined the atomic structures of five segments from protein low-complexity domains associated with membraneless assemblies. Their common structural feature is the stacking of segments into kinked β sheets that pair into protofilaments. Unlike steric zippers of amyloid fibrils, the kinked sheets interact weakly through polar atoms and aromatic side chains. By computationally threading the human proteome on our kinked structures, we identified hundreds of low-complexity segments potentially capable of forming such interactions. These segments are found in proteins as diverse as RNA binders, nuclear pore proteins, and keratins, which are known to form networks and localize to membraneless assemblies.
Nivolumab (Nivo) maintenance (maint) in high-risk (HR) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.

7014Background: Frontline AML induction produces 60-70% complete remission (CR) rates but relapse is a major source of failure. Beside stem cell transplant (SCT), few options exist for post-CR main...
Feature Selection for Hidden Markov Models with Discrete Features

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are widely used for modeling multivariate time series data. However, all collected data is not always useful for distinguishing between states. In these situations, feature selection should be implemented to save the expense of collecting and processing low utility data. Feature selection for HMMs has been studied but most existing methods assume that the observed data follows a Gaussian distribution. In this paper, a method for simultaneously estimating parameters and selecting features for an HMM with discrete observations is presented. The presented method is an extension of the feature saliency HMM which was originally developed to incorporate feature cost into the feature selection process. Expectation-maximization algorithms are derived for features following a Poisson distribution and features following a discrete non-parametric distribution. The algorithms are evaluated on synthetic data sets and a real-world event detection data set that is composed of both Poisson and non-parametric features.
Supramolecular traps for highly phosphorylated inositol sources of phosphorus

Structurally elusive inositol hexakisphosphates have been trapped in host–guest sandwiches between two picolinamide macrocycles that remain intact in solution, aided by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. This first report of macrocyclic complexes of inositol hexakisphosphates provides structural insight to significant biosources of phosphorus that impact the global phosphorus cycle.
Integrated mental health screening for obstetric fistula patients in Mali: From evidence to policy.

Background Obstetric fistula significantly impacts women’s mental health and well-being. Routine screening for mental health in fistula repair programs can be a gateway to link patients to services, and can produce routine data to inform programmatic investments. This study observed the integration of a mental health screening program into an obstetric fistula repair program in Mali, with two specific objectives: 1) to describe the social and mental health well-being of women presenting with obstetric fistulas in Mali, and 2) to document the impact of the mental health screening pilot on policy change in Mali. Methods Seven fistula repair campaigns were conducted between June 2016 and May 2017. All individuals presenting for fistula repair completed a mental health assessment at intake, including a depression screener (PHQ-9) and an assessment of psycho-social impacts of fistula. The depression screener was repeated three months following inpatient discharge. Findings were shared with stakeholders in Mali and impacts on policy were documented. Results Of 207 women who presented for fistula repair, 167 patients completed the mental health assessment at surgical intake, and 130 patients repeated the screener at 3-month follow-up. At intake, 36.5% of women had moderate or severe depression, decreasing to 16.9% at follow-up. The mean depression score differed significantly by timepoint (9.14 vs. 6.72, p <0.001). Results were shared in a report with stakeholders, and consultations with the Mali Ministry of Health. As a result of advocacy, mental health was a key component of Mali’s National Fistula Prevention and Treatment Strategy (2018–2022). Conclusion The high prevalence of depression in Malian fistula patients underscores a need for more robust mental health support for patients after surgery. Data on mental health from routine screening informs community reintegration strategies for individual patients, elevates the overall quality of care of fistula repair programs by addressing patients’ holistic health needs, and contributes to evidence-informed decision-making and data-driven policy change within the larger health system.
Total Knee Arthroplasty with Prior Ipsilateral Hip Arthrodesis

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the setting of previous hip fusion is rare with a paucity of evidence in the orthopaedic literature. Traditionally, TKA is performed supine, with the aid of knee-positioning devices allowing for hip flexion and range of motion of the knee to facilitate ease of surgical intervention. However, TKA using traditional positioning would not be possible in the presence of ipsilateral hip arthrodesis preventing hip motion. This case report describes a TKA performed for a 72-year-old woman with end-stage osteoarthritis of the right knee, ipsilateral hip arthrodesis, and leg-length discrepancy as the sequelae of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. We describe novel surgical positioning to be used to facilitate TKA in the absence of ipsilateral hip motion with bed modifications and the use of an extremity positioning device.
First-principles Wannier function analysis of the electronic structure of PdTe: weaker magnetism and superconductivity.

We report a first-principles Wannier function study of the electronic structure of PdTe. Its electronic structure is found to be a broad three-dimensional Fermi surface with highly reduced correlation effects. In addition, the higher filling of the Pd d-shell, its stronger covalency resulting from the closer energy of the Pd d and Te p shells, and the larger crystal field effects of the Pd ion due to its near octahedral coordination, all serve to weaken significantly electronic correlations in the particle–hole (spin, charge, and orbital) channel. In comparison to the Fe chalcogenides, e.g. FeSe, we highlight the essential features (quasi-two-dimensionality, proximity to half-filling, weaker covalency, and higher orbital degeneracy) of Fe-based high-temperature superconductors.
What Attackers Know and What They Have to Lose: Framing Effects on Cyber-attacker Decision Making:

Many cybersecurity algorithms assume adversaries make perfectly rational decisions. However, human decisions are only boundedly rational and, according to Instance-Based Learning Theory, are based ...
I/Q-Sharing Switched-Capacitor Power Amplifier with Baseband Harmonic-Rejection and Wilkinson Combiner

The CMOS switched-capacitor power amplifier (SCPA) proposed in 2011 [1]-[2] achieved much higher system efficiency than conventional transmitter architectures. In this paper, SCPA linearity is also analyzed and improved with new techniques. Specifically, a baseband harmonic-rejection (BBHR) technique is used to minimize the counter third-order intermodulation products (C-IM3). Also, using a Wilkinson combiner, the cross-coupling between two sub-SCPAs is isolated to enable a linear harmonic-rejection summation. With the proposed topology, the linearity is improved significantly compared to a conventional I/Q-sharing SCPA. More specifically, the C-IM3 is reduced by ~25 dB with a single-tone input and by ~22 dB with modulated signal.
Introducing an implementation framework for augmenting care with digital technology for early psychosis patients: theory and motivation.

Treatment programs for early-course psychosis are evidence-based interventions that provide specialty care to improve outcomes in patients. Digital technologies offer the potential to augment servi...
Surgical excision margins for fibrohistiocytic tumors, including atypical fibroxanthoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: a probability model based on a systematic review

Background Mohs micrographic surgery or wide local excision is the treatment of choice for fibrohistiocytic tumors with metastatic potential, including atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and cutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (cUPS). Since margin clearance is the strongest predictor of clinical recurrence, improved recommendations for appropriate surgical margins help delineate uniform excision margins when intraoperative margin assessment is not available. Objective To determine appropriate surgical wide local excision margins for AFX and cUPS. Methods Literature search (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 2020) to detect case-level data. Estimation of margins required using a mathematical model based on extracted cases without recurrences. Results Probabilistic modelling based on 100 cases extracted from 37 studies showed peripheral clearance margin (i.e., wide local excision margin) calculated to clear 95% of all tumors was 2 cm for AFX and 3 cm for cUPS. AFX tumors 1 cm or less required a margin of 1 cm. Limitations Data were extracted from published cases. Conclusion Atypical fibroxanthoma removed with at least a 2 cm peripheral excision margin is less likely to recur. Smaller tumors 1 cm or less can be treated with a more conservative margin. Margin-control surgical techniques are recommended to ensure complete removal while minimizing surgical morbidity.
Liquid-liquid partitioning methods for bioseparations

Summary Liquid-liquid partitioning methods including solvent extraction and aqueous two-phase partitioning are very useful tools for bioseparations.This chapter provided the methodology with various examples and principles as guidelines for the liquid-liquid partitioning in a practical application. Although the engineering aspects of equipment design and operation for liquid-liquid partitioning in industrial applications are firmly established owing to the long history of solvent extaction, the science of predicting partition coefficient accurately in solvent extraction and aquaeous liquid-liquid partitioning is not fully developed. Trial and error is still a needed approach in many applica tions to locate an optimal partitioning system and its operating conditions. with rapid advances in biotechnology and a growing emphasis on products from renewable resources, the need for efficient downstream processing is incereasing. Liquid-liquid partitioning methods will become more and more conmntinous operations. They can be used in research laboratories or in industry as part of an integrated downstream process for the recovery and purification of biomolecules. Whle broth extraction can even be carried out to cut down the number of stages in downstream processing for a higher overall process yield
The (non) effect of natural resource dependence on capital accumulation in Latin America

In a simultaneous model of human and physical capital accumulation for 18 Latin American countries from 1975 to 2004, we show that overall resource dependence is not significantly related to physical and human capital. Disaggregating the natural resource variable into subcategories, we find that petroleum export dependence is associated with higher physical capital and lower human capital, while agricultural export dependence is associated with lower levels of physical capital. All of these effects are quantitatively small, however, casting doubt on the idea that the region suffers from a resource curse in terms of capital accumulation.
A framework for flexible access control in digital library systems

Traditional access control models are often found to be inadequate for digital libraries. This is because the user population for digital libraries is very dynamic and not completely known in advance. In addition, the objects stored in a digital library are characterized by fine-grained behavioral interfaces and highly-contextualized access restrictions that require a user's access privileges to be updated dynamically. These motivate us to propose a trust-based authorization model for digital libraries. Access privileges can be associated with both objects and content classes. Trust levels associated with these specify the minimum acceptable level of trust needed of a user to allow access to the objects. We use a vector trust model to calculate the system's trust about a user. The model uses a number of different types of information about a user, for example, prior usage history, credentials, recommendations etc., to calculate the trust level in a dynamic manner and thus achieve a fine-grained access control.
Carrier separation technique to optimize conductivity modulation in high voltage rectifiers

Hybrid power rectifier structures like Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) rectifier and Trench JFET Schottky rectifier (TJFET) employ a combination of minority and majority carrier conduction to offer the superior on-state and switching performance of Schottky rectifiers, along-with the superior reverse leakage and breakdown characteristics of PiN rectifiers. In such structures, it is important to properly tune the conductivity modulation to achieve the desired forward voltage drop (VF) and stored charge (QRR) trade-off for any given application. Some structures also employ lifetime control techniques to improve the switching speeds. This paper presents a new method based on carrier separation technique to properly quantify and optimize the amount of conductivity modulation in hybrid rectifier structures, and can be easily extended to other similar power device structures.
Evidence-based approach to preventing central line-associated bloodstream infection in the NICU

Aim: To review care practices and methods of implementation that reduce the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Methods: Medical and quality improvement-oriented literature was reviewed. Results: Although effective catheter practices, equipment and staff training methods are available to reduce CLABSI, their implementation is often difficult. Conclusion: A successful CLABSI reduction programme requires not only identification of best practices but also understanding of the specific context or unit culture into which they will be introduced.
RIGHT‐TO‐WORK LAWS AND FATALITIES IN CONSTRUCTION

Using state-level data, 2001 through 2009, I test whether union density and right-to-work (RTW) laws predict worker fatalities in either the construction industry or in construction occupations. For both indices, higher levels of unionization equate with lower fatality rates. Right-to-work laws show no direct association with fatality rates. However, the interaction between RTW laws and unionization suggests that unions are less effective at protecting member safety in right-to-work states. Overall the findings support the hypothesis that RTW laws result in the underfunding of union safety training or accident prevention programs.
Anti-Foreign-Suit Injunctions To Enforce Arbitration Agreements

An anti-foreign-suit injunction is controversial because it constrains judicial proceedings in another sovereign country. It does so indirectly by controlling the actions of private parties. The enjoining court in one country (F1) orders a private litigant before it to suspend or terminate a legal proceeding in another country (F2)-on pain of sanctions that F1 will impose on the private party for disobedience. The injunction opponents do not disagree that parties should be held to their agreements and that arbitration agreements should be enforced. They look instead, however, to the courts of F2 to make that determination, not exclusively those of F1. Article II of the New York Convention deals with a State's obligation to enforce an arbitration agreement. Consider the perspective of private parties negotiating an international transaction who want to include a reliable and fully enforceable arbitration agreement and who want to avoid parallel proceedings.Keywords:anti-foreign-suit injunction; arbitration agreement; judicial proceedings; New York Convention; private parties
Novel boundary scan circuit and methodology for ECL/BiCMOS VLSI

The authors introduce a novel technique which combines specially designed ECL (emitter coupled logic) and CMOS circuitry to produce a BiCMOS boundary scan circuit suitable for high-performance BiCMOS and ECL VLSI chips. A circuit description is given, and attention is given to system operation and to observability and controllability aspects. The layout of the BiCMOS scan chain element is shown. >
Fibroblasts are required for Schwann cell basal lamina deposition and ensheathment of unmyelinated sympathetic neurites in culture

The ability to purify and recombine populations of peripheral neurons, Schwann cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture has enabled us to examine the contribution of fibroblasts to Schwann cell basal lamina assembly and ensheathment of unmyelinated rat superior cervical ganglion neuritesin vitro. Purified perinatal superior cervical ganglion neurons were grown in culture either with Schwann cells or with Schwann cells plus fibroblasts derived from either superior cervical ganglion capsule or cranial periosteum. The cultures were maintained for 2–8 weeks on a collagen substratum in a medium known to promote Schwann cell differentiation (myelin, basal lamina formation) in the presence of dorsal root ganglion neurons. The extent of Schwann cell differentiation (ensheathment, basal lamina formation) in the presence of superior cervical ganglion neurons was evaluated in this study using electron microscopy. In superior cervical ganglion neuron plus Schwann cell cultures (without fibroblasts), Schwann cells achieved only a moderate degree of ensheathment; also, Schwann cell basal lamina was discontinuous and extracellular collagen fibrils were sparse. Although only discontinuous basal lamina was demonstrable by electron microscopy in these cultures, surprisingly, Schwann cell/neurite fascicles were uniformly immunostained for laminin, type IV collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The addition of fibroblasts to superior cervical ganglion neuron plus Schwann cell cultures increased the deposition of basal lamina around the Schwann cell/neurite units, the number of collagen fibrils, and the extent of neurite ensheathment. We propose that the presence of basal lamina increases the Schwann cell's ability to ensheathe superior cervical ganglion neurites, possibly through an augmentation of specific extracellular matrix components or by increasing in some way the capacity of these components to become organized into basal lamina. We conclude that, unlike dorsal root ganglion neurons, superior cervical ganglion neurons are unable to stimulate full Schwann cell extracellular matrix expression with the result that these Schwann cells require the extraneuronal influence of fibroblasts to deposit basal lamina and attain their mature phenotype in culture.
Quantitative nutritional studies with water-soluble, chemically defined diets. VIII. The forced feeding of diets each lacking in one essential amino acid.

Abstract Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 130–140 g. were force-fed water soluble, chemically defined diets, either complete or free of one essential amino acid, and the subsequent changes in weight were determined over a period of time. Diets free of histidine, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine, and threonine caused the animals to lose between 0.2 and 1.0 g./day over an 11-day period. Diets free of methionine, leucine, and isoleucine caused the animals to lose, over the same period, 1–2 g. weight/day. Most of the animals on these diets survived, and all survivors gained in weight when force-fed the complete diet. However, all the animals on the valine-free diet rapidly sickened and failed to survive beyond 9 days on this diet. Rats bearing the rapidly growing Walker tumor were subjected to the deficient diets, and all gained in weight by an amount nearly equivalent to the weight of the tumor, the carcasses losing weight to about the same extent as their normal controls on the same diets. The rates of tumor growth varied according to the essential amino acid deleted from the diet. On the lysine-free diet the tumor growth rate was the same as that on the complete diet, and on diets lacking phenylalanine, histidine, or tryptophan the tumor growth rate was only slightly slowed. The tumor growth rate, however, was considerably slowed when the animals were force-fed diets lacking in methionine, isoleucine, or valine. Normal animals force-fed diets free of lysine, tryptophan, or isoleucine were in negative nitrogen balance. The balance values became more positive in similar animals bearing the Walker tumor, the nitrogen loss from the carcass being nearly equal to that gained by the tumor on lysine- and tryptophan-free diets. On the isoleucine-free diet a considerable proportion of the nitrogen lost by the carcass was not picked up in the tumor.
Coalition of Networked Information (CNI) Task Force Meeting

Provides a summary report of the Coalition of Networked Information (CNI) Task Force Meeting held in Alexandria, Virginia in April 2004. These twice‐yearly meeting explore new technologies, content, and applications and aim to further collaboration, to analyze technology policy issues, and to catalyze the development and deployment of new projects. Outlines the themes of the main sessions and briefings.
How GPI-anchored proteins turnover: or where do they go after arrival at the plasma membrane

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins comprise a diverse class of membrane molecules. They protect cells from complement-mediated lysis, control cell to cell adhesion, activate T cells, and play a role in the etiology of slow viral diseases. Despite their functional diversity, GPI-anchored proteins are all attached to the plasma membrane by a common glycolipid anchor. In this review we will examine how the GPI anchor is metabolized after arrival at the cell membrane. The conclusion is that break-down of the GPI anchor is potentially as diverse as the proteins themselves. The GPI-anchored protein can be endocytosed and degraded, cleaved and released, vesiculated, or exchanged onto another cell. The chimeric nature--lipid and protein--of the GPI-anchored molecules affords a unique window into the dynamic processes of lipid biosynthesis, movement, transport and maintenance.
Fate and regulation of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium slugs

A pattern of two tissue types exists in the Dictyostelium slug. Contained within the posterior tissue are anterior-like cells which comprise about 10% of the developing cell mass. For more than 72 hr of slug migration the proportion of these cells is closely regulated. They are randomly distributed along the anterior-posterior axis but about twice as many are localized in the ventral portion of the slug posterior than in the dorsal portion. As the slug begins to form a fruiting body, the anterior-like cells sort out into two groups. One group moves toward the anterior region and one toward the prebasal disc region. In the mature fruiting body the anterior-like cells remain as undifferentiated amoebae at the apex and base of the sorus. Removal of anterior tissue from a slug initiates two events. (1) Some of the anterior-like cells, probably guided by chemotaxis to cyclic AMP, sort out from the posterior tissue. (2) Some prespore cells redifferentiate into anterior-like cells. These events result in the regeneration of a new anterior-posterior pattern after 2 hr and the reestablishment of the original proportions of each cell type by about 8 hr. Furthermore, while the anterior-like cells which lie in slug posteriors remain as amoebae in fruiting bodies, the anterior-like cells which form the anteriors of regenerated slugs subsequently become stalk cells. Thus, it appears that for a cell to differentiate as a stalk cell, it must first be exposed to some form of signal which is present in both the anterior and prebasal disc regions.
Ion transport and phospholipid labelling in rat-liver mitochondria.

Abstract Parathyroid hormone and valinomycin are both highly specific agents which alter the rate of translocation of specific cations across the inner mitochondrial membrane. They were employed to test the proposal that phospholipids, particularly diphosphoinositide, are involved in mitochondrial ion translocations. Both agents had profound effects upon the rate and extent of phospholipid labelling from [32P]orthophosphate. Some of these effects, however, were also produced by dinitrophenol. It was concluded that the rate and extent of phospholipid labelling was a reflection of the rate of turnover of the intramitochondrial adenine nucleotides, and that parathyroid hormone and valinomycin influenced phospholipid labelling by influencing the rates of substrate and oxidative phosphorylation.
An Estrogen Receptor-α Knock-In Mutation Provides Evidence of Ligand-Independent Signaling and Allows Modulation of Ligand-Induced Pathways in Vivo

Estrogen-nonresponsive estrogen receptor-α (ERα) knock-in (ENERKI) mice were generated to distinguish between ligand-induced and ligand-independent ER-α actions in vivo. These mice have a mutation [glycine 525 to leucine (G525L)] in the ligand-binding domain of ERα, which significantly reduces ERα interaction with and response to endogenous estrogens, whereas not affecting growth factor activation of ligand-independent pathways. ENERKI mice had hypoplastic uterine tissues and rudimentary mammary gland ductal trees. Females were infertile due to anovulation, and their ovaries contained hemorrhagic cystic follicles because of chronically elevated levels of LH. The ENERKI phenotype confirmed that ligand-induced activation of ERα is crucial in the female reproductive tract and mammary gland development. Growth factor treatments induced uterine epithelial proliferation in ovariectomized ENERKI females, directly demonstrating that ERα ligand-independent pathways were active. In addition, the synthetic ERα selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and ER agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES) were still able to activate ligand-induced G525L ERα pathways in vitro. PPT treatments initiated at puberty stimulated ENERKI uterine development, whereas neonatal treatments were needed to restore mammary gland ductal elongation, indicating that neonatal ligand-induced ERα activation may prime mammary ducts to become more responsive to estrogens in adult tissues. This is a useful model for in vivo evaluation of ligand-induced ERα pathways and temporal patterns of response. DES did not stimulate an ENERKI uterotrophic response. Because ERβ may modulate ERα activation and have an antiproliferative function in the uterus, we hypothesize that ENERKI animals were particularly sensitive to DES-induced inhibition of ERα due to up-regulated uterine ERβ levels.
An empirical study of the terramechanics of small unmanned ground vehicles

A critical component of remote terrestrial and planetary exploration is understanding how terrain properties affect rover mobility. Bekker theory has long been used successfully in this regard for the analysis of large vehicles. In recent years, the semi-empirical formulae contained within Bekker theory have also been applied to small UGVs. Bekker himself noted, however, that his formulae offer significantly less accurate predictions for vehicles with wheel diameters and normal loading lower than 50 cm and 45 N, respectively. This has been shown to lead to errors in the prediction of tractive performance. The results of this paper show that Bekker theory yields under-estimates of small wheel sinkage and resistances. The consequences of such errors are severe, as they could potentially lead to unexpected rover immobilization. With increasing numbers of small UGVs being used in planetary, research and military roles, it is crucial to investigate the source of these errors. This paper details an empirical approach to characterizing small vehicle wheel sinkage and its impact on vehicle-terrain models.
A Quantitative Review of Physical Activity, Health, and Learning Outcomes Associated With Classroom-Based Physical Activity Interventions

Research suggests that physical activity may foster improved academic performance, yet schools are receiving more pressure to achieve high academic standards. It is important for classroom teachers, administrators and school psychologists to understand the benefits of incorporating physical activity into the school day. This article serves as a quantitative review of classroom physical activity interventions in terms of their physical activity, health and learning outcomes for students, with implications of findings discussed for school personnel.
Europa and the Decametric Radiation from Jupiter

DECAMETRIC radiation from Jupiter is known to be under the control of the satellite Io. Recently, Wilson, Warwick and Libby (preceding communication) studied a fifth source not controlled by Io which emits more than 50 per cent of the total decametric radiation1. They used a two-parameter differential spectral analysis which produced contour maps of the probability of emission with respect to Jupiter's central meridian longitude (LCM) and the departure from superior geocentric conjunction (SGC) of each of the four inner satellites: Amalthea, Io, Europa and Ganymede. Plots in the Io–LCM domain show typical Io-related enhancements of the probability of emission and also an Io-independent emission component, denoted in the preceding communication by “fifth source”. Similar plots in the Europa–LCM domain show localized areas of enhancement which indicate the existence of Europa control of decametric emission. Several authors have tentatively confirmed a Europa effect2–4. On the other hand, others find no evidence for the effect5,6.
Effect of Chlorothiazide on Vascular Reactivity.

SummaryChlorothiazide (Diuril), an orally effective diuretic, has been shown to decrease arterial pressure response to injections of norepinephrine, epinephrine and isopropylnorepinephrine in the anesthetized dog. The possible relationship of this finding to the reported hypotensive action of the compound is discussed.
Intent Attributions and Aggression: A Study of Children and Their Parents.

This research aimed to further clarify the relationship between children's self-reported hostile intent attributions (for ambiguous instrumental or relational provocations) and peer-reported aggression (physical and relational) in 500 fourth-grade children. In addition, we examined whether parents' intent attributions might predict children's intent attributions and aggression. Both parents (mothers and fathers) in 393 families completed intent attribution questionnaires. Results showed, consistent with past research, that boys' instrumental intent attributions were related to physical aggression. Children's relational intent attributions, however, were not associated with relational aggression. Contrary to expectations, most children responded with hostile intent attributions for relational provocations. Finally, in regard to parent-child connections, maternal intent attributions correlated with children's intent attributions whereas paternal intent attributions corresponded with children's relational aggression.
FlexStroke: a flexible, deformable brush-tip with dynamic stiffness for digital input

We are proposing a new system to enhance the tactile experience of digital painting hat includes multi-strokes for different painting needs. In this paper, we describe how FlexStroke is used as a Chinese brush, an oil brush, and a crayon by changing the jamming tip. This tip has different levels of stiffness based on its jamming structure. Visual simulations on PixelSense[3] jointly enhance the intuitive painting process with realistic display results.
Transient ureteric dilatation in neonates with imperforate anus: a report of 4 cases.

Summary— In a series of 64 patients with imperforate anus, 4 were identified with ureteric dilatation without vesico-ureteric reflux. The appearance resembled that of the primary obstructive megaureter. However, since the dilatation resolved spontaneously in each case, it is concluded that the condition represents a separate entity, the cause of which has not yet been elucidated.
Thermal Gradient PCR in a Continuous-Flow Microchip

A new continuous-flow PCR microchip has been developed that operates by cycling a prepared sample within a spatial temperature gradient. This design allows for minimal thermal residence times – a key feature of the protocols used by the fastest commercial PCR equipment. Since thermal gradients are a natural effect of heat dissipation, the appropriate temperature distribution for PCR can be generated by a minimum of one heater held at a steady state temperature. With a thermal gradient of more than 3°C/mm across the width of the chip, each complete PCR cycle requires approximately 2cm of channel length. These glass chips were manufactured using standard glass microfabrication methods as well as the Xurographic rapid prototyping technique. Targets of 110bp and 181bp were amplified from ΦX174 plasmid DNA on these thermal gradient chips as well as on commercial PCR equipment, then subsequently analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Visual inspection of fluorescent images of the stained gels shows that the amplicon size and yield for the systems are comparable.
Antioxidant enzyme activities in IDD-prone and IDD-resistant mice: a comparative study.

Abstract Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is believed to result from the specific autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The frequency of diabetes in the NOD mouse is sex-dependent, with approximately 90% of females and 40% of males developing clinical diabetes by 40 weeks of age. Recently, attention has focused on determining possible mechanisms for beta cell destruction. One potential mechanism is the toxic effect of free oxygen radicals produced as a result of the influx of inflammatory cells into the pancreas. A deficiency in available antioxidant enzymes could form a basis for diabetes susceptibility. To test the feasibility of this idea, we have compared the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in isolated islets, pancreas, and other tissues of age- and sex-matched NOD, BALB/c, C57BL/10, and B10·GD mice. Enzyme profiles revealed that female NOD mice do not differ significantly in antioxidant enzyme activity from females of the other inbred strains. However, antioxidant enzyme activity in females was generally lower than in males regardless of mouse strain. While isolated islet cells exhibited somewhat lower levels of enzyme activity than other tissues, the islets of NOD mice proved to be no more deficient than those of BALB/c mice. Therefore, it is unlikely that any toxic effect of free oxygen radicals on the beta cells of NOD mice results directly or solely from an antioxidant enzyme deficiency. Nevertheless, one possible explanation for the lower incidence of diabetes in NOD males versus females may be the inherently higher male antioxidant enzyme activities.
Molecular Level Insights into Thermally Induced α-Chymotrypsinogen A Amyloid Aggregation Mechanism and Semiflexible Protofibril Morphology

Understanding nonnative protein aggregation is critical not only to a number of amyloidosis disorders but also for the development of effective and safe biopharmaceuticals. In a series of previous ...
Constraining the sub-au-scale distribution of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas around young stars with the Keck Interferometer

We present Keck Interferometer (KI) observations of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars with a spatial resolution of a few milliarcseconds and a spectral resolution of ∼2000. Our observations span the K band, and include the Brγ transition of hydrogen and the v = 2 → 0 and v = 3 → 1 transitions of carbon monoxide. For several targets, we also present data from Keck/NIRSPEC that provide higher spectral resolution, but a seeing-limited spatial resolution, of the same spectral features. We analyse the Brγ emission in the context of both disc and infall/outflow models, and conclude that the Brγ emission traces gas at very small stellocentric radii, consistent with the magnetospheric scale. However, some Brγ-emitting gas also seems to be located at radii of ≳ 0.1 au, perhaps tracing the inner regions of magnetically launched outflows. CO emission is detected from several objects, and we generate disc models that reproduce both the KI and NIRSPEC data well. We infer the CO spatial distribution to be coincident with the distribution of continuum emission in most cases. Furthermore, the Brγ emission in these objects is roughly coincident with both the CO and continuum emission. We present potential explanations for the spatial coincidence of continuum, Brγ, and CO overtone emission, and explore the implications for the low occurrence rate of CO overtone emission in young stars. Finally, we provide additional discussion of V1685 Cyg, which is unusual among our sample in showing large differences in emitting region size and spatial position as a function of wavelength.
Toward a theory of moral debt:(I)The idea of moral debt in the common understanding

Part One. In our strife to express the meanings of moral terms, we have neglected the one transparently built‐in meaning: ‘A man ought to keep his promises’ could mean ‘A man owes it to other men to keep his promises. Such is his debt and duty — just what is due or owed’. This proposal is supported by the evidence of major languages of the world, ancient and modern, in all of which identical or closely related words serve to express both the idea of material debt and that of moral obligation. But on study the revealing model and analogue of ‘moral debt’ is found, not in debts of exchange, the simplest and most obvious class of debts, but in debts of shared responsibility. Working from such models we conclude that ’A ought to do X’ means X is part of A's share in the cost of the good community, the common cause and stake of all mankind’.
Differential effects of adrenocorticotropin(1-24) on [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in cultured cells derived from different brain regions.

The effect of adrenocorticotropin(1–24) (ACTH(1–24)) on the uptake of [3H]2-deoxy-d-glucose ([3H]2-DG) was compared in cell cultures derived from two regions (hypothalamus, and extrahypothalamic forebrain) of fetal rat brain. Under control conditions, [3H]2-DG uptake was similar in extrahypothalamic (10.9 ± 1.1 nmolmg protein5 min) and hypothalamic (11.9 ± 1.3) cells. No significant effect of ACTH (1–24) (10−7 to 10−5 M) was found on uptake of [3H]2-DG in extrahypothalamic cells. In contrast, in hypothalamic cells, a potent stimulatory effect (P < 0.0001) up to 174% over the control value of [3H]2-DG uptake was produced by these concentrations of ACTH(1–24). This study suggests that ACTH may be a stimulator of brain glucose uptake, and that this effect varies in different brain regions.
Auditory presentation leads to better analogical retrieval than written presentation

Research on analogical retrieval suggests that cues with object similarity to a prior episode in memory lead to better retrieval than do cues with relational similarity. We suggest that previous work may have underestimated the effectiveness of relational cues, because this work has presented cues and targets in written format. There is some evidence that spoken presentations lead to better memory than do written presentations. We tested this hypothesis using a continuous reminding paradigm in which people read and recalled proverbs that were presented either in spoken or written format. The spoken format led to better retrieval from relational cues, particularly at longer lags between cue and memory item.
Intracellular Ca2+ Dynamics and the Stability of Ventricular Tachycardia

Abstract Ventricular fibrillation (VF), the major cause of sudden cardiac death, is typically preceded by ventricular tachycardia (VT), but the mechanisms underlying the transition from VT to VF are poorly understood. Intracellular Ca 2+ overload occurs during rapid heart rates typical of VT and is also known to promote arrhythmias. We therefore studied the role of intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics in the transition from VT to VF, using a combined experimental and mathematical modeling approach. Our results show that 1) rapid pacing of rabbit ventricular myocytes at 35°C led to increased intracellular Ca 2+ levels and complex patterns of action potential (AP) configuration and the intracellular Ca 2+ transients; 2) the complex patterns of the Ca 2+ transient arose directly from the dynamics of intracellular Ca 2+ cycling, and were not merely passive responses to beat-to-beat alterations in AP; 3) the complex Ca 2+ dynamics were simulated in a modified version of the Luo-Rudy (LR) ventricular action potential with improved intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics, and showed good agreement with the experimental findings in isolated myocytes; and 4) when incorporated into simulated two-dimensional cardiac tissue, this action potential model produced a form of spiral wave breakup from VT to a VF-like state in which intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics played a key role through its influence on Ca 2+ -sensitive membrane currents such as I Ca , I NaCa , and I ns(Ca) . To the extent that spiral wave breakup is useful as a model for the transition from VT to VF, these findings suggest that intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics may play an important role in the destabilization of VT and its degeneration into VF.
Structural features of iron phosphate glasses

The structures and valence states of iron ions in several iron phosphate glasses with batch compositions similar to 40Fe2O3-60P2O5 (mol%) have been investigated using Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential thermal (DTA) and thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analysis and X-ray and neutron diffraction. Mossbauer spectra show that a redox equilibria corresponding to an Fe(II)/[Fe(II) + Fe(III)] ratio of 0.2–0.4 is reached under processing conditions described in this paper. Even though the valence state of iron ions in the glass appears to be insensitive to the oxygen content in the melting atmosphere, the Fe(II) content can be increased within the observed range of redox equilibria by increasing the partial pressure of a reducing gas in the melting atmosphere. Large amounts of Fe(II), Fe(II)/[Fe(II) + Fe(III)] ≥ 0.4, appear to be detrimental to the glass-forming ability of the iron phosphate melts. The local structure of the iron phosphate glasses appears to be related to the short range structure of crystalline Fe3(P2O7)2 which consists of a network of (Fe3O12)−16 clusters. These clusters consist of one iron(II) ion and two iron(III) ions in sixfold coordination with near-neighbor oxygen ions. The (Fe3O12)−16 clusters are interconnected via (P2O7)−4 groups. Compared to other phosphate glasses, the proposed structure for iron phosphate glasses contain a smaller number of POP bonds, a feature which is believed to be responsible for the unusually good chemical durability of iron phosphate glasses.
Enthalpies of solution of gases in liquids. The calorimeter and measurements on lower hydrocarbons and CO2 in C6H6, CCl4, and THF☆

Abstract An isothermal gas solution calorimeter which yields results under conditions approaching constant volume and temperature is described. Enthalpies of solution of methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, and carbon dioxide in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and tetrahydrofuran have been determined. Assignments of ΔH o are reported at 288.15 and 298.15 K. The relative precision of the measurements ranged from an optimum of about 1.5 per cent when ΔH o was around 25 kJ mol −1 to 15 per cent when ΔH o was in the 3 to 4 kJ mol −1 range. Comparison of literature data of the redetermined enthalpy of solution of CO 2 in 0.1 mol dm −3 aqueous NaOH ( ΔH o approximately 110 kJ mol −1 ) indicated that the accuracy was in the 1 to 2 per cent range. The enthalpy of solution of CO 2 in 0.1 mol dm −3 NaOD was measured as (114.6 ± 1.0) kJ mol −1 .
Organic Chemistry, Sixth Edition (Solomons, T.W. Graham)

Overall, this edition is not a large change from the previous one. The improvements in the visual presentation and in NMR are very positive. This text should be a strong candidate when choosing a book for a two-semester organic chemistry sequence.
Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome: A Case Report Involving Non-ABO Antibodies.

Background: Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) is most often a result of an ABO minor mismatch between stem cell or solid organ donor and recipient. Relatively few cases of PLS have been reported resulting from non-ABO red cell antibodies. Case Report: A blood group O/Rh-positive patient received a stem cell transplant from an A/Rh-negative donor who had an identifiable anti-D. Even though the plasma of the stem cell product was reduced and replaced with an electrolyte solution, the recipient developed a positive antibody screen, positive direct antiglobulin test, and significant hemolysis 8 days after transplantation. Conclusion: PLS can result from non-ABO antibodies and can be associated with a significant degree of hemolysis.
In vivo effects of some tertiary alkylaminoethyl esters with choline acetyltransferase inhibitory properties

Abstract The tertiary nitrogen derivatives of two choline esters, chloroacetylcholine and acrylcholine, known to inhibit choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) in vitro, were tested for their effects in the whole animal, including peripheral and central cholinergic systems. These esters are N,N-dimethylaminoethyl chloroacetate (Cl-DMA) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (acryl-DMA). The peripheral preparations studied included a neuromuscular junction, a sympathetic ganglion and a postganglionic parasympathetic exocrine preparation. Both Cl-DMA and acryl-DMA blocked responses in these preparations when injected intravenously. The LD 50 values for Cl-DMA and acryl-DMA were 640 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg, respectively. Cl-DMA were also able to inhibit brain ChAc when injected intravenously by 32% and 18.5%, respectively. The brain levels of acetylcholine (ACh) were significantly reduced by about 25% with Cl-DMA but not significantly with acryl-DMA when the animals were forced to exercise after injection. It is obvious that ChAc inhibition is not effective in decreasing ACh levels significantly under normal conditions.
Radial forearm free flap for coverage of postoperative lateral heel wounds after open reduction and internal fixation of the calcaneus

For intraarticular calcaneus fractures, open reduction and internal fixation has become commonplace for the reduction of morbidity of postinjury arthritis. Despite adequate surgical results, there are often associated postoperative wound complications. The purpose of this study was to describe a unique application of the radial forearm free flap for coverage of lateral postoperative heel defects seen after calcaneal fixation. Seven lateral heel wounds after open reduction of calcaneal fractures in 6 patients were covered with radial forearm free flaps. The technique used involved passage of the pedicle of the laterally placed flap anteriorly to the Achilles tendon so that it can be anastomosed to the posterior tibial artery. Flap application was 100% successful, with good functional and cosmetic results in all patients. The radial forearm free flap provides a quick, reliable, and easily harvested source of coverage for lateral heel wounds seen after open reduction and internal fixation of the calcaneus. Tunneling of the flap pedicle anterior to the Achilles tendon is simple and provides the additional advantages of access to reliable vessels, reduced scarring, and avoidance of further wound problems often seen with incisions used to access the anterior tibial artery.