cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Bonds and Stocks in Emerging Countries

Emerging market debt returns in the 1990s have led many investors to wonder whether emerging market debt is equity in disguise. Empirical evidence, however, suggests a caveat: As emerging countries become more creditworthy, stock and bond returns delink, which has important implications for using indexes and managing portfolios.This presentation comes from the Global Bond Management conference held in New York, New York, on June 11-12, 1997.
Sexual science: Emerging discipline or oxymoron?

The purpose of this paper is to argue for the necessity of a rigorous sexual science. The consequences of the absence of a sexual science and data on human sexual behavior are noted. Similarly, the obstacles which prevent a rigorous sexual science are also discussed. Finally, suggestions for the future of sexual science are introduced. Sexual science is defined, simple goals are described, measurement issues are examined, and theoretical objectives are suggested. The paper concludes with the following statement: “Future generations will find it incomprehensible—and perhaps unconscionably negligent—that so little effort was marshalled to obtain data on, and establish a science of, human sexual behavior.”
MuSK Autoantibodies in Myasthenia Gravis: Experience with >28,000 Specimens Tested in a Clinical Laboratory (P3.169)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the positive rate of autoantibodies against muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK), with and without prior acetylcholine receptor (AChR) testing, in a clinical laboratory. BACKGROUND: Although most patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) have antibodies against AChR, 10[percnt] to 15[percnt] of are seronegative for AChR. Within this group, about 40[percnt] have anti-MuSK antibodies (5[percnt] of the total MG population). Compared to AChR antibody-positive MG, MuSK antibody-positive MG typically exhibits a more rapidly progressive, severe disease course that often leads to a myasthenic crisis. Standard therapies, such as acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors and thymectomy, are often ineffective. DESIGN/METHODS: The frequency of MuSK autoantibodies was determined using de-identified test results from unique specimens (n=26,994 tested for MuSK, and n=1,151 for both AChR and MuSK analysis) reported by a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The patient population included 59[percnt] females and 41[percnt] males. RESULTS: The positive rate was 1.6 [percnt] (n=428 borderline and positive cases), with a predominance of females [83[percnt] female; mean age (MA) = 42 y; 17[percnt] male, MA = 50 y], respectively) in the group tested for MuSK alone. The median MuSK titer for both males and females was 1:2560. In the group tested seronegative for anti-AChR followed by MuSK, 1.7[percnt] (n=19) were MuSK-positive. The majority of these patients (n=18) were females (MA = 51 y). CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of young females and the mean age of AChR-seronegative individuals with MuSK-positive results are in agreement with other reports. This large study of more than 28,000 specimens referred to a clinical laboratory for MG serologic evaluation shows that the MuSK positive rate (1.6[percnt] to 1.7[percnt]) was significantly less than previously published results (5[percnt]). Study Supported by: Quest Diagnostics Disclosure: Dr. Goldberger has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Sansoucy has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Morneau has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Burnham has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Batish has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Suer has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Wang has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Jaremko has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics. Dr. Higgins has received personal compensation for activities with Quest Diagnostics.
LA Sprouts: A 12-Week Gardening, Nutrition, and Cooking Randomized Control Trial Improves Determinants of Dietary Behaviors

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of an exploratory 12-week nutrition, cooking, and gardening trial ( LA Sprouts ) on preference for fruit and vegetables (FV); willingness to try FV; identification of FV; self-efficacy to garden, eat, and cook FV; motivation to garden, eat, and cook FV; attitudes toward FV; nutrition and gardening knowledge; and home gardening habits. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Four elementary schools. Participants Three hundred four predominately Hispanic/Latino third- through fifth-grade students were randomized to either the LA Sprouts group (n = 167 students) or control group (n = 137 students). Intervention Twelve-week after-school nutrition, cooking, and gardening intervention. Main Outcome Measures Determinants of dietary behavior as measured by questionnaire at baseline and postintervention. Analysis Analyses of covariance. Results After the 12-week program, compared with controls, LA Sprouts participants improved scores for identification of vegetables (+11% vs +5%; P = .001) and nutrition and gardening knowledge (+14.5% vs −5.0%; P = .003), and were more likely to garden at home (+7.5% vs –4.4%; P = .003). Conclusions The LA Sprouts program positively affected a number of determinants of dietary behaviors that suggest possible mechanisms by which gardening and nutrition education act to improve dietary intake and health outcomes.
Antibodies to carbonic anhydrase in endometriosis: prevalence, specificity, and relationship to clinical and laboratory parameters *

Objective To investigate the presence and clinical association of serum autoantibodies to carbonic anhydrase (CA) in women with and without endometriosis. Design Sera were tested in an ELISA against human and bovine CAI and/or CAII isoenzymes and by Western immunoblotting of trypsin-digested fragments of human CAII as antigens. The ELISA positivity was defined as mean + 2 SD of 100 control sera. Positive sera also were tested for the presence of antiendometrial antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) on endometrial (ECC) and HEp-2 cells, antibodies to single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA by the Farr-type RIA and Crithidia IFA, and extractable nuclear antigens (Sm, nRNP, Ro, and La) by an ELISA. Patients Sera from 319 patients with laparoscopic diagnosed pelvic endometriosis (100 stage I, 95 stage II, 67 stage III, and 57 stage IV), 100 with other gynecologic disorders, and 100 control women were used. Results In the ELISA, 113 of 319 (35.4%) endometriosis sera had elevated immunoglobulin G antibodies against nondenatured CA isoenzymes. The reactivity of sera from the endometriosis group was significantly higher (35%) in all four subgroups of patients than each of the nonendometriosis sera ( Conclusions [1] A subgroup of patients with endometriosis have autoantibodies directed to native and linear epitopes of the CA protein. [2] Prevalence of anti-CA antibodies was associated with antiendometrial antibodies and ANA. [3] Anti-CA antibodies were associated with a higher predictive value of the disease when all patient subgroups were considered together.
The activity of cobalt and silicon in the Co - Si system with special focus on the α-Co solid solution

The activities of cobalt and silicon at 1190 °C have been determined in the Co - Si system by simple and reactive Knudsen effusion mass spectroscopy. This work constitutes the first measurement of activities in the α-Co solid solution. The composition dependence of the activities within the α-Co solid solution region was used to calculate the self-interaction coefficients of silicon in α-Co: ln γ Si ∞ =−10.4±0.2 and e Si (Si) =18.6±0.8. The regular solution model was shown to be a fairly good description of the α-Co solid solution with an energy parameter Zω CoSi=−120±5 kJ·mol−1. These results compare well with literature data on similar systems (Fe - Si and Ni - Si).
Discouraged entrepreneurship and inhibited innovation in times of crisis and recession: empirical observations in doing business in a rural area in central Italy.

Conventional analyses tend to explain impediments to local development as results of conjunctural or structural problems in particular during recession or crisis conditions. Areas showing huge bund...
THE EXPLORATION TRAGET OF OILGAS MABEI SLOPE AREA OF ZHUENGAER BASIN

In this paper,the regular of migration and accumulation model of oil or gas of Fengcheng and Mabei oilfield has been studied.On the basis studying,it is pointed out that the source rock is mainly the Fengcheng and Jiamuhe group of Mahu trough.The main transport passage of oil and gas is the fault and the permeability layer and unconformity surface.The period of migration and accumulation of oil and gas is Triassic system and from Jurassic system to Cretaceous system.There are two kinds of migration and accumulation model of oil or gas: first is side of sourceunconformityslopezone type,second is outside source unconformityfault controlsteps type in this region.On the basis studying the source rock and cap rock and trap,it is considered finally that the favorable object area of stratum reservoir is the PJ stratum of Wuerhe and Xiazijie and Mabei oil field.
Self-administration of nicotine and cigarette smoke extract in adolescent and adult rats

Although smoking initiation typically occurs during adolescence, most preclinical studies of tobacco use involve adult animals. Furthermore, their focus is largely on nicotine alone, even though cigarette smoke contains thousands of constituents. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether aqueous constituents in cigarette smoke affect acquisition of nicotine self-administration during adolescence in rats. Adolescent and adult male rats, aged postnatal day (P) 25 and 85, respectively, were food trained on a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule, then allowed to self-administer one of 5 doses of nicotine (0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, or 30 μg/kg) or aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with equivalent nicotine content. Three progressively more difficult schedules of reinforcement, FR1, FR2, and FR5, were used. Both adolescent and adult rats acquired self-administration of nicotine and CSE. Nicotine and CSE similarly increased non-reinforced responding in adolescents, leading to enhanced overall drug intake as compared to adults. When data were corrected for age-dependent alterations in non-reinforced responding, adolescents responded more for low doses of nicotine and CSE than adults at the FR1 reinforcement schedule. No differences in adolescent responding for the two drugs were seen at this schedule, whereas adults had fewer responses for CSE than for nicotine. However, when the reinforcement schedule was increased to FR5, animals dose-dependently self-administered both nicotine and CSE, but no drug or age differences were observed. These data suggest that non-nicotine tobacco smoke constituents do not influence the reinforcing effect of nicotine in adolescents.
Original Research: Evaluation of pulmonary response to inhaled tungsten (IV) oxide nanoparticles in golden Syrian hamsters:

Extensive industrial and military uses of tungsten have raised the possibilities of human occupational and environmental exposure to nanoparticles of this metal, with concomitant health concerns. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of pulmonary toxicity associated with inhaled tungsten (IV) oxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) in Golden Syrian Hamsters. Animals exposed to WO3 NPs via inhalation were divided into three groups — control and two treatment groups exposed to either 5 or 10 mg/m3 of aerosolized WO3 NPs for 4 h/day for four days. A long-term exposure study (4 h/day for eight days) was also carried out using an additional three groups. Pulmonary toxicity assessed by examining changes in cell numbers, lactate dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, TNF-α, and HMGB1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed a significant difference when compared to control (P < 0.05). The molecular mechanism was established by assessing protein expre...
A Preference Approach to Reputation in Sponsored Search

Determining reputation of an advertiser in sponsored search is a recent important problem with direct impact on revenue for web publishers and relevance of ads. Individual performance of advertisers is usually expressed through observed click through rate, which depends on advertiser reputation, ad relevance and position. However, advertiser reputation has not been explicitly modeled in click prediction literature. Using traditional approaches in web page popularity for organic search in this context is not reasonable as the notion of link-structure in web is not directly applicable to sponsored search. In this study, we motivate and propose a pairwise preference relation model to study the advertiser reputation problem. Pairwise comparisons of advertisers give information over and above the information available in their individual historical performances. We relate the notion of preference among the advertisers to the spectral properties of the preference graph. We provide empirical evidence of the existence of reputation bias in click behavior. Consequently, we experiment with this signal to improve click prediction.
A Path to Implement Precision Child Health Cardiovascular Medicine

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect approximately 1% of live births and are a major source of childhood morbidity and mortality even in countries with advanced healthcare systems. Along with phenotypic heterogeneity, the underlying etiology of CHDs is multifactorial, involving genetic, epigenetic and/or environmental contributors. Clear dissection of the underlying mechanism is a powerful step to establish individualized therapies. However, the majority of CHDs are yet to be clearly diagnosed for the underlying genetic and environmental factors, and even less with effective therapies. Although the survival rate for CHDs is steadily improving, there is still a significant unmet need for refining diagnostic precision and establishing targeted therapies to optimize life quality and to minimize future complications. In particular, proper identification of disease associated genetic variants in humans has been challenging and this greatly impedes our ability to delineate gene-environment interactions that contribute to the pathogenesis of CHDs. Implementing a systematic multileveled approach can establish a continuum from phenotypic characterization in the clinic to molecular dissection using combined next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and validation studies in suitable models at the bench. Key elements necessary to advance the field are: first, proper delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of CHDs; second, defining the molecular genotype/phenotype by combining whole exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis; third, integration of phenotypic, genotypic and molecular datasets to identify molecular network contributing to CHDs; fourth, generation of relevant disease models and multi-leveled experimental investigations. In order to achieve all these goals, access to high-quality biological specimens from well-defined patient cohorts is a crucial step. Therefore, establishing a CHD-Bio Core is an essential infrastructure and a critical step on the path towards precision child health cardiovascular medicine.
Wrestling Tyrants: Do We Need an International Criminal Justice System?

Prof. Christopher L. Blakesley delivered this keynote address at the Crimes Without Borders: In Search of an International Justice System Symposium, held at the McGeorge School of Law in the spring of 2016.
Two Types of Factors: A Return Decomposition for Factor Portfolios

The author decomposes the returns of quantitative long–short factor portfolios to those attributable to “fundamental return”—the return due to underlying business operations—and those attributable to “multiple expansion”—the return due to the change in the market valuation of those businesses. He does so by aggregating the statistics of the underlying stocks held in each leg of the portfolios over their respective holding periods. The author identifies two types of factors differentiated by the source of performance. The first type, of which the value factor is an example, outperforms because it identifies businesses whose valuations are subsequently bid up relative to the market; and despite that, it invests in “bad” businesses, or those that subsequently grow capital by less than average. In other words, its outperformance is entirely attributable to market behavior. The second type, of which momentum and quality (gross profitability to assets) are examples, outperforms because it identifies “good” businesses, or those that subsequently grow capital by more than average, and despite investors subsequently lowering their relative valuations.
Soils and Seeds That Initiate Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis.

Pathways that stimulate metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells are critical for understanding tumor evolution and can serve as potential therapeutic targets. The microenvironment produces a host of metabolic perturbations and tropic factors that may play a formative role in this process. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1067-8. ©2017 AACR.See related article by Chiou et al., p. 1184.
Fluidized beds for metal production

Metal production by vapor deposition in a fluidized bed has been the result of applying the chemistry of vapor plating to the engineering involved in handling fluidized solids. Commercial possibilities depend on availability of low-cost feeds.
Restoring the Substance to the Soul of Psychology

Currently, the self has replaced the soul as the major focus of much psychological theorizing. I argue that this shift is due to a number of confusions regarding the nature and justification of sub...
Donor Outcomes: Why We Need to Listen.

Recently there has been increasing appreciation of and emphasis on quantifying the long-term medical risks of kidney donation, including those of ESKD, hypertension, and pregnancy complications ([1][1]–[5][2]). These efforts are important and long overdue. Yet, there is still uncertainty about how
Human-animal Relational Theory: a Guide for Animal-assisted Counseling

ABSTRACTAnimal-assisted therapy in counseling (AAT-C) is growing in popularity. However, there has been no theory to guide the practice and supervision of this field. In response to this need, I de...
Are Angiosperm Hormones Present in, and Used as Hormones by, Algae?

Most studies of hormones in plants have focused on angiosperms. The farther down the presumed evolutionary tree one looks, the fewer actual chemical identifications of putative hormones one sees. Despite the number of algal extracts showing auxinlike or gibberellinlike activities when tested in angiosperm bioassays, remarkably few of the chemicals responsible have been identified. Even fewer reports demonstrate that chemicals that act as hormones in angiosperms also actually function as endogenous hormones in algae.
Psychoendokrinologie und Psychoimmunologie in der Onkologie

Die Diagnose und Behandlung einer Krebserkrankung wird von vielen Patienten als belastend erlebt. Ungeachtet dessen unterscheiden sich die Betroffenen im Hinblick auf derartige Herausforderungen erheblich in den in ihnen hervorgerufenen psychologischen Reaktionen sowie in ihrer Fahigkeit, sich davon zu erholen. Neben der Angst vor Rezidiven und Nebenwirkungen einer adjuvanten Th erapie geht die Krebserkrankung oft einher mit der Besorgnis, das Heranwachsen der eigenen Kinder zu versaumen, vorzeitig sterben zu mussen und nur noch wenig Zeit mit dem Lebenspartner verbringen zu konnen. Aber auch um den Verlust von sozialen Bindungen und vertrauten Aktivitaten, sexueller Attraktivitat und Sexualempfinden sorgen sich viele der Krebspatienten. Von Bedeutung ist, dass das wahrend der Behandlung von den Patienten geau.erte Ausma. an Disstress einen Pradiktor fur deren Anpassung an die Krankheit einige Jahre spater darstellen kann. Demzufolge konnen sowohl chronischer Stress als auch eine verminderte Lebensqualitat uber viele Jahre der Krebserkrankung bestehen bleiben.
The Gasification of Ponderosa Pine Charcoal

The gasification of wood chars with CO2 and steam is an important process step in the conversion of biomass to fuel and synthesis gases. Wood fuels can be gasified in a wide variety of sizes, shapes and densities. Commonly, chips and pellets are suitable for fixed and fluidized beds while sawdust is preferred for entrained units. In terms of fuel preparation, handling and feeding, whole tree chips and pelletized sawdust are most desirable: therefore fixed and fluid-beds are widely used with wood fuels.
Emerging Labor Market Structures

In this introductory chapter we identify the attributes of the forest in the cliche in which the trees, so to speak, are our contributors’ articles. The changes, adumbrated very briefly in our Preface, of the circumstances affecting labor markets discussed in our earlier work (Berg 1981; Kalleberg and Berg 1987) have been succeeded by new, more complex, and more substantial forces, public policies, and corporate practices. Among the new forces, the most critical ones, as we will see, are those that have been generated in the transition, in the American economy’s “core,” from nonprice to price competition and, correlatively, the decline in our manufacturing sector’s economic primacy.
Provision of Local Public Services and the Tiebout Model

This chapter describes a model of local public service provision based on the Tiebout (1956) model and discusses alternative and more complex versions of the model. In the Tiebout model, people in an economy stratify into different communities that are each relatively homogeneous in terms of residents' demands for local public services. The focus in the model, on community formation within a metropolitan area, is consistent with the Tiebout assumption that incomes are exogenous to the process. A basic problem in all public service models is how to attain Pareto-efficient solutions, whereby tastes are revealed in the political process and people's demands individually and in aggregate are fulfilled. In the strictest form of the Tiebout model, people stratify into communities within which everyone has identical, fulfilled demands. Solutions to city size and equilibrium questions depend upon the factors and limitations imposed on the various models in review in the chapter.
Immunotherapy of a murine T cell lymphoma localized to the brain.

Mouse YC8 T cell lymphoma was used as a model to determine whether an effective immunotherapy procedure could be devised for the treatment of lymphoma localized to the brain. Implantation of 5 × 104 YC8 cells into the left cerebral hemisphere induced rapid loss of the animal's body weight. Severe loss of weight and early deaths were observed in the untreated control group. Although resistance can be conferred to the brain by immunization of naive BALB/c mice, adoptive chemoimmunotherapy procedures were surprisingly not effective in inducing remissions in animals with lymphoma confined to the brain. Even passive transfer of effector cells from immunized, tumor resistant donor animals combined with systemic IL-2 treatment did not impart resistance to recipients with brain tumors. However, regression of the intracranial tumor and apparent cures could be accomplished, when ex vivo cultured effector cells were transferred intravenously.
When does sedentary behavior become sleep? A proposed framework for classifying activity during sleep-wake transitions.

The Sedentary Behavior Research Network recently published a consensus definition for sedentary behavior as ‘any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents, while in a sitting, reclining, or lying posture.’ While this is a great step toward theoretical and methodological unity, further clarity around issues of classifying sedentary behavior while in bed is needed, specifically during sleep-wake transitions. A thigh-worn inclinometer with a 24-h wear protocol is recommended for best practice assessment of sedentary behavior, but this method introduces challenges for activity classification and data reduction. The constant stream of data collection does not distinguish waking sedentary activities in bed, e.g., watching television or reading, from sleep. Moreover, correct classification during sleep-wake transitions is not well established. Sleep-related behaviors can include time spent trying to fall asleep (sleep onset latency), night awakenings while attempting to fall back asleep (wakefulness after sleep onset), and unsuccessful attempts to fall back asleep in the morning (wakefulness after sleep offset). While these behaviors technically fit into the current definition of sedentary behavior, sleep-related behaviors belong in the sleep domain, are a normal part of the sleep-wake cycle, and are not likely an intervention target for sedentary behavior reduction. For these reasons, we argue that sleep-related behaviors should not be classified as sedentary. The research implications of using this framework for classifying sedentary behavior via 24-h thigh inclinometers include that diaries must ask participants to report the time they got into bed, began attempting to fall asleep (‘lights out’), woke up for the day, and got out of bed for the day. Using these diaries, researchers must manually extract the relevant period of wakefulness (and remove sleep-related and sleep time). The importance of this more burdensome protocol for researchers and participants, and across various subject populations, should be evaluated in future research.
Latent class analysis stratifies mortality risk in patients developing acute kidney injury after high-risk intraabdominal general surgery: a historical cohort study.

Risk stratification for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) evaluates a patient’s risk for developing this complication using preoperative characteristics. Nevertheless, it is unclear if these characteristics are also associated with mortality in patients who actually develop this complication, so we aimed to determine these associations. The 2011-15 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to obtain a historical, observational cohort of high-risk intraabdominal general surgery patients with AKI, which was defined as an increase in serum creatinine > 177 µmol·L−1 (2 mg·dL−1) above the preoperative value and/or the need for dialysis. Latent class analysis, a model-based clustering technique, classified patients based on preoperative comorbidities and risk factors. The associations between the latent classes and the time course of AKI development and mortality after AKI were assessed with the Kruskall-Wallis test and Cox models. A seven-class model was fit on 3,939 observations (derivation cohort). Two patterns for the time course of AKI diagnosis emerged: an “early” group (median [interquartile range] day of diagnosis 3 [1-10]) and a “late” group (day 9 [3-16]). Three patterns of survival after AKI diagnosis were identified (groups A-C). Compared with the group with the lowest mortality risk (group A), the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 30-day mortality were 1.79 [1.55 to 2.08] for group B and 3.55 [3.06 to 4.13] for group C. These differences in relative hazard were similar after adjusting for the postoperative day of AKI diagnosis and surgical procedure category. Among patients with AKI after high-risk general surgery, the preoperative comorbid state is associated with the time course of and survival after AKI. This knowledge can stratify mortality risk in patients who develop postoperative AKI.
A new zygodactylid species indicates the persistence of stem passerines into the early Oligocene in North America.

The lake deposits of the informal Ruby Paper Shale unit, part of the Renova Formation of Montana, have yielded abundant plant fossils that document Late Eocene – Early Oligocene global cooling in western North America. A nearly complete small bird with feather impressions was recovered from this unit in in 1959, but has only been informally mentioned. Here we describe this fossil and identify it as a new species of Zygodactylus, a stem lineage passerine with a zygodactyl foot. The new taxon shows morphological traits that are convergent on crown Passeriformes, including an elongate hallux, reduced body size, and a comparative shortening of proximal limb elements. The fossil documents the persistence of this lineage into the earliest Oligocene (~ 33 Ma) in North America. It is the latest occurring North American species of a group that persists in Europe until the Miocene. Eocene-Oligocene global cooling is known to have significantly remodeled both Palearctic and Nearctic mammal faunas but its impact on related avifaunas has remained poorly understood. The geographic and temporal range expansion provided by the new taxon together with avian other taxa with limited fossil records suggests a similar pattern of retraction in North America followed by Europe.
Alexithymia predicts poorer social and everyday functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Alexithymia, or the inability to identify and describe one's emotions, is significantly higher in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to healthy controls (HC). Alexithymia has also been observed to predict psychosocial functioning in SZ. We investigated whether alexithymia predicted social and everyday functioning in BD, as well as transdiagnostically in HC, BD, and SZ patients. 56 BD, 45 SZ, and 50 HC were administered and compared on tests measuring neurocognition, social cognition, functioning and alexithymia. We conducted linear regressions assessing whether alexithymia predicted functional outcomes in BD. Next, we conducted hierarchical stepwise linear regressions investigating the predictive ability of neurocognition, social cognition and alexithymia on everyday and social functioning in our overall sample. BD and SZ patients were comparable on most demographics and demonstrated higher alexithymia compared to HCs. In BD, alexithymia predicted social functioning only. In the overall sample, difficulty identifying and describing feelings predicted everyday functioning; difficulty describing feelings predicted social functioning. Results suggest that aspects of alexithymia significantly predict functioning among these psychiatric groups, above and beyond the contributions of previously identified factors such as neurocognition and social cognition. Results may aid in developing proper interventions aimed at improving patients' ability to articulate their feelings.
SparseBNN: Joint Algorithm/Hardware Optimization to Exploit Structured Sparsity in Binary Neural Network

To reduce power-hungry floating point operations and memory accesses in deep neural networks, quantized neural networks are proposed that replace floating point multiplications with simplified reduced-precision operations. To compensate for the accuracy loss due to the high degree of quantization, wider neural network layers with three or more times as many feature maps are employed. One by-product from these inflated layers is increased redundancy in the network. To further improve computational efficiency and leverage this inherent redundancy, we propose a joint optimization approach that simultaneously explores hardware-oriented training and efficient accelerator implementation of binary neural networks (BNN) in FPGAs. More specifically, our SparseBNN method consists of two parts. First, SparseBNN-SW is a training algorithm developed to enhance the structured sparsity of BNNs by 1) training for zero-valued ternary weights instead of binary that are more amenable to pruning and 2) regulating the sparsity for more efficient hardware deployment. Next, we present SparseBNN-HW, an accelerator architecture designed to directly execute the inference on the sparse-encoded format to save both memory access and computations. Experimental results on various representative datasets demonstrate that SparseBNN improves the power efficiency (GOPS/Watt) and resource efficiency (GOPS/kLUT) over the baseline BNN FPGA implementation by 1.70X and 2.22X.
Vaginal and cervical communication with mesonephric duct remnants: Relationship to unilateral renal agenesis

Abstract Two cases involving a communication between a vestige of the mesonephric system and the cervix or vagina are presented. The relationship between gynecologic and urologic malformations is discussed. Presence of various abnormalities in one system warrants investigation of the other.
The first aldehyde-derived crystalline geminal diol lacking internal electronic stabilization

The first stable crystalline geminal diol of an aldehyde lacking electron-withdrawing groups on theα-carbon was synthesized fromd-sorbitol and characterized by1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and single-crystal x-ray studies. Each hydroxyl is a donor for a single, unique intermolecular hydrogen bond. Only one hydroxyl acts as an acceptor. No intramolecular hydrogen bonding is observed in the crystal.
Organizing a career in global cardiovascular health.

The World Health Organization, the Global Alliance for Chronic Disease, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute have all emphasized the need for global health research, particularly in chronic diseases [(1–4)][1]. However, the need for chronic disease
Can Administrative Capacity Address Wicked Problems? Evidence From the Frontlines of the American Opioid Crisis:

What is the link between administrative capacity and wicked problems? Previous literature links capacity to standardized performance outputs, but little is known on the link between capacity and hi...
Non-Myeloablative Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Abstract We have previously reported that autologous HSCT using a cancer-specific myeloablative regimen (cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation) did not improve the neurologic disability (EDSS) score or even forestall progressive neurologic decline in patients with secondary progressive (axonal degenerative) multiple sclerosis. We, therefore, redesigned our approach to use a non-myeloablative regimen composed of agents specifically used to treat multiple sclerosis (cyclophosphamide and CAMPATH-1H) with infusion of cyclophosphamide / G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in patients with relapsing-remitting (inflammatory) multiple sclerosis. This regimen was designed for lymphoablation without myeloablation. Nineteen patients were treated. The regimen was well tolerated. No patient had either an early or late infectious events, 50% of patients never had a neutropenic fever. Of those who developed fever during transplant, fever lasted less than 24 hours and was related to CAMPATH-1H or stem cell infusion. One-half of the patients never required a RBC transfusion and one quarter never required a platelet transfusion. The mean day of WBC engraftment was day +8. The mean day of hospital discharge was day +10. CD4 recovery occurred by 6 months. The EDSS neurologic rating scale that varies from 0 (normal) to 10 (dead from neurologic disease) is evaluated every 6 months for 1 year then yearly. In fifteen patients with 6 or more months of follow-up, the EDSS has improved by at least one point in the majority (8 patients), remained unchanged in six and deteriorated in only one. A randomized multicenter trial, the Multiple Sclerosis International Stem Cell Transplant (MIST) trial comparing this approach to continued standard therapy for relapsing-remitting MS in patients with an enrollment EDSS of 2.0 to 6.0 is currently registering patients.
2239 : Mobile enhancement of motivation in schizophrenia: A pilot trial of a personalized text message intervention for motivation deficits

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Motivation deficits are one of the strongest determinants of poor functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Mobile interventions are a promising approach to improving these deficits, as they can provide frequent cues and reinforcements that support goal-directed behavior. The objective of this study is to describe the intervention protocol and initial effectiveness of a personalized mobile text message intervention, Mobile Enhancement of Motivation in Schizophrenia (MEMS). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This pilot study will examine the effects of MEMS compared with a control group using a randomized design. Up to 40 outpatients with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder will be recruited. All participants will set individualized recovery goals to complete over an 8-week period; those randomized to receive MEMS will also receive 3 sets of personalized, interactive text messages each weekday to reinforce and cue goal completion. Before and after the 8-week period, participants in both groups will complete validated measures of motivation, quality of life, and functioning. Both groups will also report their goal attainment after 8 weeks. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: It is anticipated that those in the MEMS group will demonstrate greater goal attainment and improvements in motivation, quality of life, and functioning compared with the control group. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This project will test the initial effectiveness of a novel intervention for improving one of the most debilitating aspects of schizophrenia.
Sensitivity of pair statistics on pair potentials in many-body systems

We study the sensitivity and practicality of Henderson's theorem in classical statistical mechanics, which states that the pair potential v(r) that gives rise to a given pair correlation function g2(r) [or equivalently, the structure factor S(k)] in a classical many-body system at number density ρ and temperature T is unique up to an additive constant. While widely invoked in inverse-problem studies, the utility of the theorem has not been quantitatively scrutinized to any large degree. We show that Henderson's theorem has practical shortcomings for disordered and ordered phases for certain densities and temperatures. Using proposed sensitivity metrics, we identify illustrative cases in which distinctly different potential functions give very similar pair correlation functions and/or structure factors up to their corresponding correlation lengths. Our results reveal that due to a limited range and precision of pair information in either direct or reciprocal space, there is effective ambiguity of solutions to inverse problems that utilize pair information only, and more caution must be exercised when one claims the uniqueness of any resulting effective pair potential found in practice. We have also identified systems that possess virtually identical pair statistics but have distinctly different higher-order correlations. Such differences should be reflected in their individually distinct dynamics (e.g., glassy behaviors). Finally, we prove a more general version of Henderson's theorem that extends the uniqueness statement to include potentials that involve two- and higher-body interactions.
Psychometric validation of the reconstructed version of the assessment of reasoning tool.

Assessing learners’ competence in diagnostic reasoning is challenging and unstandardized in medical education. We developed a theory-informed, behaviorally anchored rubric, the Assessment of Reason...
Safety Climate in MT Mining: A Case Study

A safety climate case study was carried out at a surface metal mine where investigators administered the Liberty Mutual Short Scale Safety Climate Survey to 365–368 miners to measure safety climate in consecutive years. Following the baseline safety climate survey in 2019, Foundations for Safety Leadership (FSL) training was conducted with 81 middle to upper management employees at the mine site. Investigators found statistically significant differences in the pre vs. posttraining FSL assessment scores of the middle to upper management employees who attended the training. The follow-up safety climate evaluation was compared to baseline scores and revealed no significant improvement. The overall baseline company safety climate score of 76.38 increased minimally to 76.50 (p-value = 0.616). Investigators also evaluated differences in safety climate between the company’s three major divisions (operations, maintenance, and administration). Both years administration had the highest mean score and operations had the lowest mean score. The authors attributed the statistically significant differences found among the three major divisions to various dissimilarities in their work environments.
Satyavati: Ferrier of the Family

Satyavati is the founder matriarch of the protagonists of the Mahabharata. Her machinations and insider contrivances have provided the basic thematic sources for the Mahabharata. Her marriage to Shantanu lays the foundation of the Mahabharata, and hence she secures the position of the mother of the Bharata clan. From a relatively remote location to becoming the queen matriarch of the Kuru lineage, her influence is most obvious. Her journey is one powerful saga. Her exile occurs in reverse order when compared with the tales of other women examined in this book and provides an alternative view of the journey to understand the symbolic meaning of the heroic journey of women in this book.
Direct Vertebral Artery Access for Coil Embolization of a Partially Thrombosed Mid-Basilar Trunk Aneurysm: Technical Limitations.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Partially thrombosed basilar aneurysms have a high morbidity from the rupture risk and mass effect prompting early treatment. Depending on the size and location, they pose a surgical challenge often requiring multiple endovascular treatment modalities. Here we present a partially thrombosed mid-basilar aneurysm successfully coil embolized with direct vertebral artery access and discuss the technical limitations of direct V1 access. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 70-yr-old woman presented with acute onset headache, nausea, and vomiting. A computed tomography (CT) head demonstrated a hyperdense prepontine mass which was further characterized as a partially thrombosed basilar aneurysm on CT angiography. After multiple failed attempts to access the vertebral artery via femoral and radial access the patient was taken to the operating room (OR) for surgical exposure of the right V1 segment and direct cannulation of the vertebral artery. The aneurysm was successfully coiled and the vertebral artery closed primarily. The patient was discharged home without any neurological deficits. CONCLUSION Partially thrombosed mid-basilar aneurysms are difficult to treat both surgically and endovascularly. We present a case where endovascular access to the aneurysm was very challenging requiring direct exposure and cannulation of the V1 segment to successfully embolize with coils and discuss the technical limitations of this approach.
Mortality in hypotensive trauma patients requiring laparotomy is related to degree of hypotension and provides evidence for focused interventions.

Background Mortality in hypotensive patients requiring laparotomy is reported to be 46% and essentially unchanged in 20 years. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been incorporated into resuscitation protocols in an attempt to decrease mortality, but REBOA can have significant complications and its use in this patient group has not been validated. This study sought to determine the mortality rate for hypotensive patients requiring laparotomy and to evaluate the mortality risk related to the degree of hypotension. Additionally, this study sought to determine if there was a presenting systolic blood pressure (SBP) that was associated with a sharp increase in mortality to target the appropriate patient group most likely to benefit from focused interventions such as REBOA. Methods The trauma registry at a level I trauma center was reviewed for patients undergoing emergent laparotomy from January 2007 to June 2020. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, physiological data, Injury Severity Score, blood products transfused, and outcomes. Group comparisons were based on initial SBP (0 to 50 mm Hg, 60 to 69 mm Hg, 70 to 79 mm Hg, 80 to 89 mm Hg, and ≥90 mm Hg). Results During the study period, 52 016 trauma patients were treated and 1174 required laparotomy within 90 min of arrival; 424 had an initial SBP of <90 mm Hg. The overall mortality rate was 18%, but mortality increased as SBP decreased (≥90=9%, 80 to 89=20%, 70 to 79=21%, 60 to 69=48%, 0 to 59=66%). Mortality increased sharply with SBP of <70 mm Hg. Discussion Mortality rate increases with worsening hypotension and increases sharply with an SBP of <70 mm Hg. Further study on focused interventions such as REBOA should target this patient group. Level of evidence Therapeutic/care management, level III.
Commotio Cordis Resulting from Sibling Rivalry

A 17-year-old girl with no significant medical, surgical, or family history presented to the emergency department following an episode of sudden cardiac arrest after being punched in the chest by her brother. Bystander CPR was immediately initiated, and she was found to be in ventricular fibrillation by emergency services. The patient had return of spontaneous circulation after one defibrillation event. No other significant injuries were found, and she eventually experienced a complete neurologic recovery and was discharged with no other identified cause for her arrest. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight this unusual and rare injury to increase awareness and avoid incorrect diagnosis.
Detection and Clinical Significance of Variability among Candida Isolates

Strain variability is a central topic in the discussion of Candida biology. Most of the Candida isolates that are studied are derived from clinical specimens. Therefore, a discussion of variability among Candida isolates within a particular species starts with decisions that are made in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Studies of Candida genetic variability may also be conducted from the perspective of assessing genomic rearrangements. The nature of genomic rearrangements in the diploid Candida albicans was understood more clearly from construction of a physical map of its eight pairs of chromosomes. DNA fingerprinting probe sequences useful in phylogenetic and epidemiological studies are derived from the major repeat sequence (MRS). The MRS is also present in the closely related Candida dubliniensis. Events such as mutation and mitotic recombination also can contribute to variability among C. albicans strains. One study examined whether the local wildlife population was responsible for maintaining a reservoir of C. albicans isolates specific to a defined geographic area in the midwestern United States. The work was expanded to include collection of C. albicans isolates from domestic animals. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the clade distribution of isolates from humans and wildlife, demonstrating population isolation between the groups. The work demonstrates the impressive display of genetic variability that C. albicans can develop when challenged with exposure to antifungal drugs. A given isolate of C. albicans can undergo an impressive range of genetic changes at the level of point mutation to alterations in whole chromosomes.
The influences of community attachment, sense of community, and educational aspirations upon the migration intentions of rural youth in Texas

Data drawn from the Rural Youth Community Survey were used to examine the associations of community attachment, sense of community, and educational aspirations of rural youth in Texas with their migration intentions. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the three measures are independently and significantly associated with students’ intentions to migrate. Based upon these findings, several recommendations for community leaders hoping to retain youth in rural areas and/or encourage young people to return to their home communities after receiving post-secondary education or training are offered. Possible implications of these findings for community developers, public leaders, Cooperative Extension personnel, and other practitioners are addressed, as are suggestions for future research.