cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Medicaid, the Largest Insurer of Children With Special Health Care Needs, in Danger?

In this issue of Pediatrics , Weller et al,1 using the 1994 National Health Interview Disability Survey, describe how insurance and sociodemographic characteristics influence the use of medical and other health-related services by school-aged children and adolescents with special health care needs. The 4 medical services included physician, hospital, emergency department, and mental health. The 7 health-related services included therapeutic, social work, medical care coordination, nonmedical care coordination, assistive devices, transportation, and housing modifications. Using logistic regression techniques, the investigators found that age, race/ethnicity, and parental education were significantly associated with multiple medical and health-related services. Racial/ethnic disparities were identified even after adjusting for poverty, health status, and insurance in the use of health related services. The findings also suggest that children of color are less likely to use community-based physicians and more likely to use hospital and emergency department services. The findings also provide evidence that Medicaid programs are successful in ensuring that children with special health care needs do receive needed services, as children with either public insurance alone or in combination with private insurance were more likely than privately insured children to … Address correspondence to Steve Berman, MD, Children’s Hospital, 1056 E 19th Ave, B032, Denver, CO 80218. E-mail: berman.stephen{at}tchden.org
Presence in bovine milk of two protease inhibitors of the plasmin system.

Abstract Proteolysis, caused by the serine proteinase plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) that is present in milk, influences the quality of dairy products. Within the plasmin system, activators and inhibitors control plasmin activity. This study investigated the presence in bovine milk of two serine proteinase inhibitors of the plasmin system, α 2 -antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and an isolation procedure used for partial purification of them from milk. Two colorimetric assays were used to detect either plasmin inhibitor activity or plasminogen activator inhibitor activity. Two inhibitors were partially purified from milk using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and concanavalin A affinity chromatography. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and α 2 -antiplasmin antigens, which were associated with the inhibitory activities from bovine milk, were visualized by Western blot using commercial polyclonal antibodies raised against the corresponding human inhibitors. Both inhibitors were present in milk as several forms, possibly from the formation of complexes with other milk proteins. The predominant forms of the inhibitors in milk exhibited an approximate molecular mass of 60 kDa for α 2 -antiplasmin and 55 kDa for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
Assessment of Density Functionals for π Systems: Energy Differences between Cumulenes and Poly-ynes; Proton Affinities, Bond Length Alternation, and Torsional Potentials of Conjugated Polyenes; and Proton Affinities of Conjugated Shiff Bases

Woodcock et al. (J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 11923) pointed out that no density functional was able to obtain the correct sign of the relative energies of the allene and propyne isomers of C3H4, and that DFT predicts that poly-ynes are insufficiently stabilized over cumulenes for higher homologs. In the present work we show that the recent M05 density functional predicts the correct ordering of allene and propyne and gives a mean unsigned error of only 1.8 kcal/mol for the relative energies of the two isomers of C3H4, C5H4, and C7H4. Two other recent functionals, M05-2X and PWB6K, also give reasonably low mean unsigned errors, 2.7 and 3.0 kcal/mol, respectively, as compared to 6.2 kcal/mol for the popular B3LYP functional. Another challenging problem for density functionals has been a tendency to overpolarize conjugated π systems. We test this here by considering proton affinities of conjugated polyenes and conjugated Schiff bases. Again M05-2X performs quite well, with mean unsigned errors of 2.1 and 3.9 kcal/mol, respectively, as compared to 5.8 and 5.9 kcal/mol for B3LYP. Averaged over the three problems, M05-2X has a mean unsigned error (MUE) of 3.0 kcal/mol, the BMK functional of Boese et al. has an MUE of 3.2 kcal/mol, and M05 has an MUE of 5.1 kcal/mol. Twenty-two other tested functionals have MUEs of 5.2-8.1 kcal/mol averaged over the three test problems. Both M05 and M05-2X do quite well, compared to other density functionals, for torsion potentials in butadiene and styrene, and M05 does very well for bond length alternation in conjugated polyenes. Since the M05 functional has broad accuracy for main group and transition metal chemistry, and M05-2X has broad accuracy for main group chemistry, we conclude that significant progress is being made in improving the performance of DFT across a wide range of problem types.
A Bicistronic MAVS Transcript Highlights a Class of Truncated Variants in Antiviral Immunity

Bacterial and viral mRNAs are often polycistronic. Akin to alternative splicing, alternative translation of polycistronic messages is a mechanism to generate protein diversity and regulate gene function. Although a few examples exist, the use of polycistronic messages in mammalian cells is not widely appreciated. Here we report an example of alternative translation as a means of regulating innate immune signaling. MAVS, a regulator of antiviral innate immunity, is expressed from a bicistronic mRNA encoding a second protein, miniMAVS. This truncated variant interferes with interferon production induced by full-length MAVS, whereas both proteins positively regulate cell death. To identify other polycistronic messages, we carried out genome-wide ribosomal profiling and identified a class of antiviral truncated variants. This study therefore reveals the existence of a functionally important bicistronic antiviral mRNA and suggests a widespread role for polycistronic mRNAs in the innate immune system.
Polymer surface reflectance‐absorptance characteristics

During an investigation of the time for ignition of polymeric materials under the influence of radiant heating, it was found that the polymer surface reflectance-absorptance characteristics were a major factor in the variance of the ignition times. A subsequent research study was made of the reflectance-absorptance characteristics of those polymers used in the ignition testing. Reflectance values were obtained over the wavelength of 0.3 to 2.5 microns using a double-beam Cary model 14 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere reflectometer and over the wavelengths of 1.0 to 10.0 microns using a Gier-Dunkle Hohlraum with a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer. Absorptance values were obtained by means of Kirchoff's Law, Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used. Average absorptances of the polymers over the monochromatic wavelength span of the heat sources were calculated using the equation Mathematical analyses were developed and are presented for both the integrating sphere reflectometer and Gier-Dunkle Hohlraum unit. Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used.
Heterogeneity and Lack of Good Quality Studies Limit Association Between Folate, Vitamins B-6 and B-12, and Cognitive Function

We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association between folate, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and cognitive function in the elderly. Our search was conducted in Medline for English-language publications of human subjects from 1966 through November 2006; we supplemented these results with information from article reviews and domain experts. We included longitudinal cohort and case-control studies of B vitamins and analyses of cognitive tests or Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the quality and heterogeneity of study outcomes and assessed 30 different cognitive function tests. Of 24 studies that met eligibility criteria, 16 were determined to be of fair quality. A majority of the studies reviewed 2 or more B vitamins. Considerable heterogeneity was found among B-vitamin-level thresholds, comparisons, and data analyses. Six of 10 folate studies reported a significant association between low baseline blood folate concentrations and subsequent poor test performance in the global cognitive domain, and 4 of 9 folate studies found associations between low blood folate concentrations and increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. Studies did not reveal an association of vitamin B-6 and vitamin B-12 blood concentrations with cognitive-test performance or Alzheimer's disease, nor was B-vitamin dietary intake associated with cognitive function. Higher plasma homocysteine concentrations were associated with poorer cognitive function. Although the majority of studies indicated that low blood folate concentrations predicted poorer cognitive function, data supporting this association were limited because of the heterogeneity in cognition-assessment methodology, and scarcity of good quality studies and standardized threshold levels for categorizing low B-vitamin status.
Cu(HCO2)2L {L = pyrazine, 4,4′-bipyridine}: employing the formate anion as a building block in three-dimensional coordination polymers

The formate anion, HCO2−, has been used infrequently as a building block in molecular magnetic materials. We have synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized two new Cu(HCO2)2L compounds, where L represents pyrazine (pyz) and 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy). The single crystal structure of Cu(HCO2)2(pyz), 1, has been established by both X-ray (295 K) and neutron diffraction (20 K). The compound consists of tetragonally-elongated CuN2O4 octahedra made up of four bridging formate anions and two neutral pyz ligands. The 3D polymeric network is comprised of 2D Cu(HCO2)2 layers that are fused together by the linear pyz spacers, which form Cu–pyz-Cu chains. Cu(HCO2)2(bipy), 2, is chiral and has a more complex framework than 1. The CuO4N2 octahedra align in two unique orientations relative to one another, owing to the 41 and 21 screw axes that lie along the a and b-axes. The octahedra are connected via four bridging HCO2− anions and two bridging bipy ligands, resulting in a unique 3D scaffold structure. The magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 indicates antiferro- and ferromagnetic interactions, respectively, and the exchange couplings in both 1 and 2 are well reproduced by a 1D spin Hamiltonian. Spin dimer analysis was carried out to evaluate the relative strengths of the various spin exchange paths. It is found that the interaction through HCO2− is comparatively weak, and the strong Cu2+ spin exchange interactions are mediated by the pyz and bipy ligands via the σ-pathway. A possible reason as to why 2 displays ferromagnetic coupling is proposed.
Terahertz imaging of subjects with concealed weapons

In response to the growing interest in developing terahertz imaging systems for concealed weapons detection, the Submillimeter-Wave Technology Laboratory (STL) at the University of Massachusetts Lowell has produced full-body terahertz imagery using coherent active radar measurement techniques. The proof-of-principle results were readily obtained utilizing the compact radar range resources at STL. Two contrasting techniques were used to collect the imagery. Both methods made use of in-house transceivers, consisting of two ultra-stable far-infrared lasers, terahertz heterodyne detection systems, and terahertz anechoic chambers. The first technique involved full beam subject illumination with precision azimuth and elevation control to produce high resolution images via two axis Fourier transforms. Imagery collected in this manner is presented at 1.56THz and 350GHz. The second method utilized a focused spot, moved across the target subject in a high speed two dimensional raster pattern created by a large two-axis positioning mirror. The existing 1.56THz compact radar range was modified to project a focused illumination spot on the target subject several meters away, and receive the back-reflected intensity. The process was repeated across two dimensions, and the resultant image was assembled and displayed utilizing minimal on-the-fly processing. Imagery at 1.56THz of human subjects with concealed weapons are presented and discussed for this scan type.
The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts

Abstract This study aims to investigate if local residents’ senses of place identity could affect their attitudes toward tourism. Deploying a survey on urban residents in a Midwest state in the USA, the present study finds place-based self-esteem and self-efficacy affect residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts and support for tourism. While tourism literature suggests social exchange theory to be a useful tool in predicting resident perceptions and attitudes from the perspective of the quality of social exchange of resources (i.e. depending on getting more or losing more), this study adds a new perspective in gauging resident perceptions and attitudes by utilizing place identity theory as a theoretical underpinning instead. This study recommends that place identity theory and social exchange theory complement each other and be both utilized in assessing resident attitudes toward tourism development.
Concurrent herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infection in an immunocompromised patient

REFERENCES 1. Wilson Jones E, Orkin M. Tufted angioma (angioblastoma). J AM ACAD DERMATOL 1989;20:214-25. 2. Padilla RS, Orkin M, Rosai J. Acquired "tufted" angioma (progressive capillary hemangioma): a distinctive clinicopathologic entity related to lobular capillary hemangioma. Am J Dermatopathol 1987;9:292-300. 3. Miyamoto T, Mihara M, Mishima E, et al. Acquired tufted angioma showing spontaneous regression. Br J Dermatol 1992;127:645-8. 4. Kim Y-K, Kim H-J, Lee K-G. Acquired tufted angioma associated with pregnancy. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;17: 458-9. 5. Kumakiri M, Muramoto F, Tsukinaga I, et al. Crystalline lamellae in the endothelial cells of a type of hemangioma characterized by the proliferation of immature endothelial cells and pericytes-angioblastoma (Nakagawa). J AM ACAD DERMATOL 1983;8:68-75. 6. Nguyen M, Watanabe H, Budson AE, et al. Elevated levels of angiogenic peptide basic fibroblast growth factor in urine of bladder cancer patients. J Nat1 Cancer Inst 1993;85: 241-2.
Urgent neurology consultation from the ED for transient ischemic attack

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is common with well over 300,000 Emergency Department (ED) visits for TIA in the United States each year.1 The ED management for this common presentation is particularly challenging because TIA symptoms are by definition evanescent in nature, which makes them difficult for patients to describe, and because TIA symptoms can mimic diverse alternate diagnoses such as migraine or seizure, which makes the diagnosis more complex. Furthermore, the stakes for making an accurate diagnosis are high because there has been a growing appreciation that the early risk of stroke after TIA is high,2 and that urgent evaluation and intervention may be effective at reducing this risk.3,4 Therefore, developing efficient and effective processes of care for ED patients with TIA has been a major goal for emergency medicine and stroke neurology. Various models of care such as routine inpatient admission,5 Emergency Department observation units,6 or expedited outpatient follow-up clinics with stroke specialists3,4 have been proposed to help address this need but significant practice variation remains.7 Within this context, the potential role of urgent neurology consultation in the ED has received relatively less attention. Instead, previous studies have focused on the impact of consultation for ED patients generally10, or a neurologist’s role within a stroke center or stroke network specifically,11 or on the outcomes of inpatients with stroke who are under the care of a neurologist rather than an internist.12-17 Less is known about the impact of urgent neurology consultation in the emergency department (ED) for patients with TIA. Since the availability of neurologists for urgent consultation is often constrained and since the value-added by an urgent neurology consultation is unknown,8, 9 better information on the impact of neurology consultation on process measures and outcomes is required for policymakers and clinicians to make rational decisions on how to optimize the care for these patients. Therefore, we conducted a secondary data analysis of a cohort of ED patients diagnosed with TIA to examine associations between neurology consultation and process and outcome measures. Our goals were 1) to examine the factors that were associated with urgent neurology consultation for TIA; 2) to examine the association between neurology consultation and process improvements such as increased use of antithrombotic agents (aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, heparin, or warfarin), increased use of neuroimaging, increased utilization of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation; and 3) to examine the association of these process improvements on clinical outcomes as measured by the number of strokes and major adverse events within 90 days of presentation.
Auditory function in adrenomyeloneuropathy

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR), ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic reflexes and the masking level difference for speech (MLD) were studied in 29 patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). Abnormalities were seen for all ABR components with Waves V and III affected to the greatest degree. For male patients with AMN, the I-III, III-V and I-V interpeak latency intervals were abnormal for a majority of patients. For female patients with AMN, the I-V and III-V interpeak latency intervals were abnormal for a majority of patients with the I-III interval less affected. Contralateral acoustic reflexes were elevated or absent for approximately 50% of ears. Ipsilateral acoustic reflexes were abnormal for 25% of ears. MLDs were significantly reduced in 72% of patients. When considered in terms of the earliest ABR wave abnormality, the earlier components of the ABR (i.e., Waves III and I) were the initial components impaired for the majority of ears. Word recognition in quiet was relatively unimpaired for all subjects. Despite the presence of marked ABR abnormalities, patients with AMN denied the presence of significant difficulty hearing.
A Practice of Information Technology Architecture for Defense Acquisition Program Administration

Information Technology Architecture (ITA) has been focused by organizations which have a number of information technology (IT) assets. However, there are many issues to apply ITA to a real field. Hence, this paper presents a practice of ITA for Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) in Korea. Particularly, DAPA adopts ITA to support its mission, strategic goals, and the rational management of IT resources. We also present the architectural framework of DAPA IT with ITA procedures and As-Is/To-Be models. Moreover, we deal with the transition issue from the As-Is model to the To-Be model, ITA management system, and lessons learned. As a result, we believe that ITA is useful for building and maintaining information systems with avoiding overlaps and mistakes in IT investment.
Tenancy in the North Atlantic States

Contrast between the North Atlantic and the North Central States, 105. — Relation between value of land and per cent of tenancy, 107. — Low value of land and low rate of tenancy in New England, 108. — Relation of type of agriculture to tenancy, 109. — Percentage of selected crops grown by tenants in different states, 110. — Dairy farming and tenancy, 111. — Live stock and tenancy, 112. — Fruit growing and tenancy, 112. — General decrease in tenancy during the past decade, 115. — Occasion for the decrease, 117. — Table showing tenancy for North Atlantic States for 1880 to 1910, 117.
Possible mechanisms underlying the development of cachexia in COPD

About 25% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will develop cachexia (fat-free body mass index −2 (males) or −2 (females)). This is associated with ∼50% reduction in median survival. The pathogenetic mechanism has been variously suggested to result from the following: 1) energy imbalance; 2) disuse atrophy; 3) tissue hypoxia from arterial hypoxaemia; 4) systemic inflammation; and 5) anabolic hormonal insufficiency. Genetic polymorphisms implicate inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1β, but IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α do not show polymorphisms in these patients. Early reports of elevated TNF-α levels suggested a role for inflammation, but recent studies have not shown elevated levels of either IL-6 or TNF-α. Therapeutic trials of nutritional support, hormonal supplementation, anti-TNF-α immunotherapy, ghrelin and antioxidants have been conducted, but only a few have shown any benefits in muscle structure and function. Considerably more mechanistic knowledge is needed before therapeutic recommendations can be made. At this time, it is not possible to attribute cachexia in COPD unequivocally to inflammation or any other cause, and much more research is needed. To date, studies have been predominantly cross-sectional, with measurements made only after cachexia has developed. Future research should target prospective observation, studying patients as cachexia progresses, since once cachexia is established, inflammatory cytokine levels may not be abnormal.
Muscular Strength and Mental Health

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between relative muscular strength and selected psychological traits of male college students. The Body Cathexis Scale, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale were employed to assess personality in 142 randomly selected subjects, and relative muscular strength was measured by means of free weights in the bench press and the squat. Because of the influence of body weight on muscular strength, body weight was controlled statistically. Pearson's correlations, trend analyis, and partial correlations were computed, and the results showed relative muscular strength to be related significantly to body cathexis, extraversion, neuroticism, and global self-concept. Significant curvilinear relations were revealed between relative strength and neuroticism and between relative strength and self-concept. In general, relatively strong individuals were significantly more satisfied with their body parts and processes, less emotionally labile and anxious, more outgoing, sociable, and impulsive, and more confident and satisfied with themselves than were their muscularly weaker counterparts. The somatopsychic or dualistic perspective of humans appears to be gaining favor steadily. Today more than ever before, the aura of developing a fine-tuned body with enriched psychological and physical health is stimulating individuals of all ages to exercise regularly. Few seem doubtful of the tenet that high-level physical functioning is a salient component of psychological well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the psychological implications of exercise. Of particular interest to this investigation are those inquiries that have explored the association between psychological traits and indexes of physical fitness and performance. In general, studies that have revealed relations of significance have been based on Eysenckian theory (Behrman, 1967; Kane, 1964, 1970; Morgan, 1968; Shiomi, 1980; Whiting & Stembridge, 1965), although other types of investigations have also rejected the null hypothesis relative to this association (Garvin, 1972; Ismail & Young, 1976; Sharp & Reilly, 1975; Tillman, 1965). A mental health model by Morgan has
Signature analysis for leakage current waveforms of polluted insulators

Previous researchers have shown, using FFT spectrum analyzers, that arcing causes a significant increase in the third harmonic content of the leakage current of polluted insulators. This paper investigates the feasibility of using modern high resolution digital spectral analysis methods to obtain better spectral estimates. Techniques discussed include the classical periodogram, correlogram, autoregressive (AR) and autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) methods. The leakage current was continuously acquired and stored (for about 30 mins) during flashover tests. The analog waveform was then digitized off-line and the digitized samples used to compute the power spectral density (PSD). It was observed that the relative magnitudes of the odd harmonics in the leakage current increase with increase in arcing intensity. In particular the third harmonic PSD increased from almost zero at the start of the experiment to about 20% of the fundamental frequency just prior to flashover.
You're Not Too Late: Post-Mortem Donations of Conservation Easements

In this report, Levin examines the underused post-mortem conservation easement donation in section 2031(c). Unfortunately, Levin concludes, ambiguity regarding the personal representative's power to donate an easement has posed an obstacle to this innovative land conservation option. This report shows that fiduciary obligation law in most states does not prevent the personal representative from donating a conservation easement from the estate. In those states where such authority is lacking, statutory reform may be readily accomplished. Personal representatives are encouraged to consider the post-mortem donation through joinder and/or a family settlement agreement with the heirs and devisees.
The purpose and effects of earthquake codes

abstract When large earthquakes occur and there is significant damage and destruction of building structures, an almost universal response is the demand for better (and usually bigger) building codes. This paper examines the effects of this public outcry for protection with respect to the economic consequences, the actual process of seismic code formulation, and the technical adequacy of our present knowledge and design procedures. Some general directions are suggested such that new codes can be: better understood with respect to their intended design objectives; economically feasible; and practically enforceable.
Chronic Illness and Disability: Narratives of Suffering and Healing in Buddhism and Christianity

In this paper we describe some of the unique personal, medical, social, and religious challenges facing people living with chronic illness and disability. Our specific focus involves the connections between suffering, healing, and disability in two religious traditions: Buddhism and Christianity. Two core questions focus our inquiry. First, why are chronic illness and disability often associated with merited suffering in Buddhism and Christianity? Second, what types of Buddhist and Christian practice can help cultivate spiritual healing in the midst of chronic conditions?
Brain Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The role of dystrophin disorders in the CNS function of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse, an animal model of DMD, is reviewed at the University of New South Wales, University of Sydney, Australia.
Characterizing Anharmonic Vibrational Modes of Quinones with Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy.

Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy was used to study the vibrational modes of three quinones—benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. The vibrations of interest were in the spectral range of 1560–1710 cm–1, corresponding to the in-plane carbonyl and ring stretching vibrations. Coupling between the vibrational modes is indicated by the cross peaks in the 2D IR spectra. The diagonal and off-diagonal anharmonicities range from 4.6 to 17.4 cm–1 for the quinone series. In addition, there is significant vibrational coupling between the in-plane carbonyl and ring stretching vibrations. The diagonal anharmonicity, off-diagonal anharmonicity, and vibrational coupling constants are reported for benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone.
Grain Growth and Mobility in Nanocrystalline Ge Films

In this paper, we report on deposition and properties of nanocrystalline Ge:H films. The films were grown from germane and hydrogen mixtures using Radio frequency Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) process using ~45 MHz frequency. The crystallinity of the films was measured using Raman measurements and from x-ray diffraction techniques, it was found that the grain size was a strong function of deposition pressure, temperature and hydrogen/germane ratios. High hydrogen ratios and high powers led to films with smaller grains. Higher pressures and smaller hydrogen/germane ratio led to films with larger grain sizes, as did higher growth temperatures. The mobility of electrons and holes was measured using space charge limited current (SCLC) techniques in n+-n-n+ devices. It was found that nominally undoped films were generally n type with carrier concentrations in the 1E14/cm range. Mobility was found to increase with grain size, with 60 nm grains showing mobility in the 2–3 cm2/V-s range.
The Implications of Goals and Experience for Driving Expertise

Many questions remain unanswered concerning how individuals obtain and acquire expertise in dynamic task domains. This study investigates how the type of goals used in driving situations affect driving experience and expertise. Past research suggests that the quantity of experience alone is not sufficient to accurately predict driving expertise. It is hypothesized that the type of goals utilized during this experience influences driving expertise. The measures used to assess driving expertise uncovered four distinct facets of expertise, self-reported vehicle control and visual scan patterns, driving knowledge, and decision-making. Each of the driving expertise facets was found to possess a different relationship with experience and goal type. Most notable was the relationship of experience with driving knowledge, moderated by learning goal orientation. Further research could have implications for training in the driving domain as well as other dynamic task domains.
The Use of Barbed Sutures in Breast Reconstruction

Conventional tied sutures can have very real shortcomings as the integrity of the securing knot is always operator dependent. The choice of suture material and unnecessary overuse of material use may stimulate infection by being a foreign nidus. The author discusses the use of The V-Loc™ 90 and V-Loc™ 180 devices that are unidirectional barbed sutures. The use of the sutures are in implant based reconstruction, autologous reconstruction, nipple-areolar reconstruction, mastectomy skin, and secondary reconstructive procedures.
Robust Zero-Field Skyrmion Formation in FeGe Epitaxial Thin Films.

$B20$ phase magnetic materials have been of significant interest because they enable magnetic Skyrmions. One major effort in this emerging field is the stabilization of Skyrmions at room temperature and zero magnetic field. We grow phase-pure, high crystalline quality FeGe epitaxial films on Si(111). Hall effect measurements reveal a strong topological Hall effect after subtracting the ordinary and anomalous Hall effects, demonstrating the formation of high density Skyrmions in FeGe films between 5 and 275 K. In particular, a substantial topological Hall effect was observed at a zero magnetic field, showing a robust Skyrmion phase without the need of an external magnetic field.
INVESTIGATION ON STATUS AND RATIONAL USE OF AIR DECONTAMINATION MACHINES IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS

Objective To investigate application of air decontamination machines in Tianjin medical institutions and study its reasonable use.Methods In-site investigation and sampling methods were used to monitor the effect of air disinfection application in medical institutions.Results In 66 medical institutions of Tianjin,805 units of air decontamination machines installed in departments with crowed patients are sampled.The per capita area should be more than 1.5 m2 in transfusion rooms.After monitoring 163 units of running air decontamination machine,60 units of that comply with the requirement of the static disinfection effect.The key of effective decontamination is the match of disinfection machine and the volume of space combined with surface wipe disinfection and proper control of people movement.Conclusion Air disinfection machines in Tianjin are mainly used in tertiary and secondary medical institutions,and the key is to strengthen the rational use for ensuring the disinfection effect.
Gap junction mediated miRNA intercellular transfer and gene regulation: A novel mechanism for intercellular genetic communication

Intercellular genetic communication is an essential requirement for coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation and has an important role in many cellular processes. Gap junction channels possess large pore allowing passage of ions and small molecules between cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that can regulate gene expression broadly. Here, we report that miRNAs can pass through gap junction channels in a connexin-dependent manner. Connexin43 (Cx43) had higher permeability, whereas Cx30 showed little permeability to miRNAs. In the tested connexin cell lines, the permeability to miRNAs demonstrated: Cx43 > Cx26/30 > Cx26 > Cx31 > Cx30 = Cx-null. However, consistent with a uniform structure of miRNAs, there was no significant difference in permeability to different miRNAs. The passage is efficient; the miRNA level in the recipient cells could be up to 30% of the donor level. Moreover, the transferred miRNA is functional and could regulate gene expression in neighboring cells. Connexin mutation and gap junctional blockers could eliminate this miRNA intercellular transfer and gene regulation. These data reveal a novel mechanism for intercellular genetic communication. Given that connexin expression is cell-specific, this connexin-dependent, miRNA intercellular genetic communication may play an important role in synchronizing and coordinating proliferation and differentiation of specific cell types during multicellular organ development.
Narrative annexes, social mobility, and class anxiety

SOCIAL FICTION AND THE BOUNDARIES OF REPRESENTATION Any account of the social restrictions on representation in the Victorian novel would be incomplete without acknowledging the importance of the mythical figure Mrs. Grundy. Her person represents most plainly the gendered limits on representation, for it is she, on behalf of novel-reading young ladies, who forbids frank depiction of adult sexuality. If, as we have seen, some prominent Victorian critics held women writers and female readers to blame for a constricted realm of representation (even as they enforced those limits when responding to novels by women), to these same critics Mrs. Grundy embodied the worst of a “maternal” impulse to protect the vulnerable young person from the effects of fiction-reading. Her genesis can be traced to the early nineteenth- century evangelical reaction to the dangers of novels, promulgated in warnings such as this one from an 1824 issue of the Lady's Magazine : One great foremost evil of novel-reading is generated and established in its tendency to banish simplicity and nature from the mind, and to form artificial, imitative character; to fashion and confirm a practised mind; to seduce the frank and honest disposition from its native ingenuousness, and to teach the art of acting perpetually upon plan; to be frivolously busy in analysing what never can be analysed, except by that power which formed it – the human heart. Novel-reading leads to a fondness of making experiments on the affections of others toward ourselves. In fighting a losing battle against the reading of fiction, particularly by girls and young unmarried ladies, the evangelical proscribers in subsequent decades target, instead of all novels, particular areas of representation of human life.
What Really Happens in the Solow Model: Technological Progress Versus Population Growth?:

We develop a graphical framework that allows students to easily see that a change in the growth rate of population and the growth rate of efficiency of labor have different impacts on the time path...
Was Ophiacodon (Synapsida, Eupelycosauria) a Swimmer? A Test Using Vertebral Dimensions

Ophiacodon, a Permian synapsid, has been hypothesized to be semi-aquatic. This interpretation is based on a range of evidence, including observations of histology, phalangeal morphology, dentition, and taphonomy. However, many of these data are inconclusive or have been reinterpreted. Here we investigate whether the morphology of the axial skeleton in Ophiacodon displays specializations for aquatic locomotion. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of Ophiacodon to extant terrestrial and semi-aquatic tetrapods demonstrate that the distribution of centrum lengths in its vertebral column is similar in some ways to those of extant semi-aquatic reptiles. However, other basal synapsids that are widely regarded as terrestrial show comparable patterns, and the correlation between swimming style and vertebral morphology in extant semi-aquatic tetrapods may be weaker than previously thought. Therefore, vertebral proportions provide little support for a semi-aquatic lifestyle in Ophiacodon. Given that most lines of evidence are equivocal at best, we suggest that future studies that consider the ecology of Ophiacodon use a terrestrial lifestyle as a null hypothesis.
Observations of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Ovipositing and Feeding on Peanuts

This study investigated the oviposition and feeding behaviour of Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus on groundnuts. Both phytophagous stink bugs were collected weekly throughout the groundnut growing season in 2 commercial groundnut fields in Irwin County, Georgia, USA, in 2007. Data were recorded for intensity of oviposition (in terms of number of egg masses on top and bottom of groundnut leaflets) and feeding (in terms of number of nymphs and adults feeding on leaflet, mid-vein, petiole and stem). Results showed that both stink bug pests oviposit and feed on groundnuts.
How Does the Left Anterior Temporal Lobe Contribute to Conceptual Combination? Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Within the cognitive neuroscience of language, the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) is one of the most consistent loci for semantic effects; yet its precise role in semantic processing remains unclear. Here we focus on a literature showing that the LATL is modulated by semantic composition even in the simplest of cases, suggesting that it has a central role in the construction of complex meaning. We show that while the LATL’s combinatory contribution generalizes across several linguistic factors, such as composition type and word order, it is also robustly modulated by conceptual factors such as the specificity of the composing words. These findings suggest that the LATL’s role in composition is at the conceptual as opposed to the syntactic or logico-semantic level, making formal semantic theories of composition less obviously useful for guiding future research on the LATL. For an alternative theoretical foundation, this chapter seeks to connect LATL research to psychological models of conceptual combination, which potentially offer a more fruitful space of hypotheses to constrain our understanding of the computations housed in the LATL. We conclude that, though currently available data on the LATL do not rule out relation-based models, they are most consistent with schema-based models of conceptual combination, with the LATL potentially representing the site of concept schema activation and modification.
Asian Alumni in America and Their Leadership Skills

In this chapter, we focus on international alumni—students from other countries who graduated from U.S. universities—and their leadership skills as they leave the university. The goals were, first, to identify the elements of leadership that international alumni found that they most needed after graduation, and second, to see how competent feel they were in these skills immediately after graduation. The research relied on both qualitative and quantitative data involving alumni from Asia.
A digitally controlled linear regulator for per-core wide-range DVFS of atom™ cores in 14nm tri-gate CMOS featuring non-linear control, adaptive gain and code roaming

A digitally controlled LDO in 14nm tri-gate CMOS powering an Atom™ core with embedded power gates enables per-core DVFS over a wide voltage-frequency range. The LDO demonstrates 99.6% peak current efficiency at 2.5A load current and provides a power density of 26.1 W/mm2. The multi-mode digital controller featuring non-linear mode and adaptive gain achieves <20ns settling time with a 100mV droop for a 1.2A load step. A code roaming algorithm complements the feedback controller to successfully mitigate reliability issues from power gate transistor self-heating and electromigration.
Perceptual Surprise Improves Action Stopping by Nonselectively Suppressing Motor Activity via a Neural Mechanism for Motor Inhibition.

Motor inhibition is a cognitive control ability that allows humans to stop actions rapidly even after initiation. Understanding and improving motor inhibition could benefit adaptive behavior in both health and disease. We recently found that presenting surprising, task-unrelated sounds when stopping is necessary improves the likelihood of successful stopping. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of this effect. Specifically, we tested whether surprise-related stopping improvements are due to a genuine increase in motor inhibition. In Experiment 1, we measured motor inhibition in primary motor cortex of male and female humans by quantifying corticospinal excitability (CSE) via transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography during a hybrid surprise–Go/NoGo task. Consistent with prior studies of motor inhibition, successful stopping was accompanied by nonselective suppression of CSE; that is, CSE was suppressed even in task-unrelated motor effectors. Importantly, unexpected sounds significantly increased this motor-system inhibition to a degree that was directly related to behavioral improvements in stopping. In Experiment 2, we then used scalp encephalography to investigate whether unexpected sounds increase motor-inhibition-related activity in the CNS. We used an independent stop-signal localizer task to identify a well characterized frontocentral low-frequency EEG component that indexes motor inhibition. We then investigated the activity of this component in the surprise–Go/NoGo task. Consistent with Experiment 1, this signature of motor inhibition was indeed increased when NoGo signals were followed by unexpected sounds. Together, these experiments provide converging evidence suggesting that unexpected events improve motor inhibition by automatically triggering inhibitory control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability to stop ongoing actions rapidly allows humans to adapt their behavior flexibly and rapidly. Action stopping is important in daily life (e.g., stopping to cross the street when a car approaches) and is severely impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, finding ways to improve action stopping could aid adaptive behaviors in health and disease. Our current study shows that presenting unexpected sounds in stopping situations facilitates successful stopping. This improvement is specifically due to a surprise-related increase in a neural mechanism for motor inhibition, which rapidly suppresses the excitability of the motor system after unexpected events. These findings suggest a tight interaction between the neural systems for surprise processing and motor inhibition and yield a promising avenue for future research.
What You Don’t Notice Can Harm You: Age-Related Differences in Detecting Concurrent Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Cues

ObjectiveThis research sought to determine whether people can perceive and process three nonredundant (and unrelated) signals in vision, hearing, and touch at the same time and how aging and concur...
Have a Legal Question Without the Resources to Get an Answer

ABSTRACTThis article explores the Western New York's Library Resources Council's Ask the Lawyer Program. The program provides a timely model for local cultural heritage communities, such as archives, to collectively retain a lawyer in a non-representational capacity to answer both specific and hypothetical questions that arise as a result of their work.
Refinement-based planning as satisfiability

A classical planning problem is the problem of computing a sequence of actions that transforms one state of the world into the desired. Traditional planners cast planning as a "split & prune" type search. These are called "refinement planners" since they start with a null plan and refine it by adding constraints. It has been shown recently that planning problems are far easier to solve when they are cast as model finding problems [2]. Some schemes for automated generation of the encodings of the planning problems in propositional logic have been designed [1]. However these schemes lack several of the refinements and preprocessing that traditional planners use. Since no single encoding has been shown to have the smallest size and the best performance, it is necessary to know what the space of the encodings is, to make a more flexible and efficient exploration of the encodings possible. The plan refinements can proceed either in the forward direction (from initial state) or in the backward direction (from goal) or both. The steps of a plan can either be totally ordered (state space planning) or partially ordered (plan space or least commitment planning). The direction of refinement affects the branching factor in the search space and the nature of step ordering affects the completeness of the knowledge of the world state (complete world state is known in forward state space planning and causal planning is devoid of this knowledge). One can also do pre-processing to prune irrelevant information. These three dimensions show that many more novel plan encodings [4] exist. We discuss some encodings from this space here. 1. State Space Encodings - There are two categories of these encodings - linear and parallel. In linear encodings, only one action occurs at a time step. In parallel encodings, multiple actions can occur at the same time step, if they do not interfere. The state space encoding in [1] is not sensitive to the direction of refinement. Our encodings are sensitive to the direction of refinement (to enforce directional control in the declarative (~opyright(c) 1998, American Association for Artificial
Photomovement in Microorganisms: Strategies of Response

Photomovement strategy in microorganisms displays a marvelous diversity of evolutionary solutions to the same problem: how to move into an optimally-illuminated region of the environment. The aim of the present lecture is to describe some of these response strategies and to point out key questions left open for future investigation. The response types fall into three major categories, defined by Professor Haupt in the preceding lecture: photokinesis, phobic response (or photophobism) and phototaxis.
Mikrosimulation mit GKV-Prozessdaten am Beispiel der Ambulanten Ärztlichen Versorgung

Unter Mikrosimulation wird ein Simulationsansatz verstanden, bei dem individuelle Entscheidungstrager, wie z. B. Individuen, Haushalte oder auch Unternehmen, die Elemente des Modells sind, deren Verhalten im Interaktionszusammenhang simuliert wird (ORCUTT, GREENBERGER, KORBEL, RIVLIN 1961). Mikrosimulationsmodelle werden daher auch als Individual-verhaltensmodelle bezeichnet. Fur ihre Konstruktion benotigt man disaggregierte Daten zur Generierung der Ausgangsbestande und zur Schatzung von Verhaltensparametern. Mikrosimulationsmodelle eignen sich besonders dazu, die distributiven Auswirkungen von Gesetzesanderungen sowie die quantitativen Folgen von Struktur- und Verhaltensanderungen in den Ausgangsbestanden zu untersuchen. Beides Fragestellungen, die besonders auch in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung von groser Bedeutung sind (DENNERLEIN, SCHNEIDER 1981).