cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcaval access for the emergency delivery of 5.0 liters per minute mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility and early outcomes of transcaval access for delivery of emergency mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in cardiogenic shock. Background Vascular access for implantation of MCS in patients with cardiogenic shock is often challenging due to peripheral arterial disease and vasoconstriction. Transcaval delivery of MCS may be an alternative. We describe a series of patients we implanted an Impella 5.0 device, on-table without CT planning, through a percutaneous transcaval access route. Methods Ten patients with progressive or refractory cardiogenic shock underwent Impella 5.0 implantation via transcaval access. Demographic, clinical and procedural variables and in-hospital outcomes were collected. Results All ten underwent emergency implantation of the 7 mm diameter Impella 5.0 device via transcaval access. Six were women, with median age of 55.5 years (range, 29-69). Cardiogenic shock was attributed to idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 4), myocarditis (n = 2), ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 2), heart transplant rejection (n = 1), and unknown etiology (n = 1). Median duration of support was 92.1 hr (range, 21.2-165.4). Seven (70%) survived to device explant, with six (60%) surviving to access port closure and discharge. Among survivors, five recovered heart function and one received destination therapy left ventricular assist device. Conclusions Transcaval access is feasible for emergency nonsurgical implantation of the Impella 5.0 device in cardiogenic shock with small or diseased iliofemoral arteries. This allows early institution of higher-flow MCS than conventional femoral artery implantation of the 3.5 L Impella CP device, and enables a bridge-to-recovery or bridge-to-destination strategy.
S equence B raiding: Visual Overviews of Temporal Event Sequences and Attributes

Temporal event sequence alignment has been used in many domains to visualize nuanced changes and interactions over time. Existing approaches align one or two sentinel events. Overview tasks require examining all alignments of interest using interaction and time or juxtaposition of many visualizations. Furthermore, any event attribute overviews are not closely tied to sequence visualizations. We present S equence B raiding, a novel overview visualization for temporal event sequences and attributes using a layered directed acyclic network. S equence B raiding visually aligns many temporal events and attribute groups simultaneously and supports arbitrary ordering, absence, and duplication of events. In a controlled experiment we compare S equence B raiding and IDMVis on user task completion time, correctness, error, and confidence. Our results provide good evidence that users of S equence B raiding can understand high-level patterns and trends faster and with similar error. A full version of this paper with all appendices; the evaluation stimuli, data, and analysis code; and source code are available at $\text{osf.io}/\mathrm{mq}2\mathrm{wt}$ .
Predisposition of COVID-19 patients to secondary infections: set in stone or subject to change?

Purpose of review There likely are several predisposing factors to secondary infections in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some of which may be preventable. The aim of this review is to explore the literature, summarize potential predisposing factors to secondary infections and their incidence. It also summarizes a variety of healthcare scenarios in which different kinds of secondary infections occur. Recent findings Apart from immune dysregulation, severe resource limitations in healthcare settings have made COVID-19 units conducive to a variety of secondary infections. Long-term effect of excess antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients is yet to be studied. Very few studies have assessed secondary infections as the primary outcome measure making it difficult to know the true incidence. Mortality attributable to secondary infections in COVID-19 patients is also unclear. Summary Incidence of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients is likely higher than what is reported in the literature. Well designed studies are needed to understand the incidence and impact of secondary infections in this patient population. Many of these may be preventable especially now, as personal protective equipment and other healthcare resources are recovering. Infection prevention and control (IPC) and antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) must reassess current situation to correct any breaches that could potentially cause more harm in these already vulnerable patients as we brace for a future surge with another pandemic wave.
A Primer of Analytic Number Theory: From Pythagoras to Riemann

1. Sums and differences 2. Products and divisibility 3. Order and magnitude 4. Counterexamples 5. Averages 6. Prime number theorems 7. Series 8. The Basel problem 9. Euler's product 10. The Riemann zeta function 11. Pell's equation 12. Elliptic curves 13. Symmetry 14. Explicit formula.
The Immediate Effect of Anterior Pelvic Tilt Taping on Pelvic Inclination

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anterior pelvic tilt taping (APTT) on the anterior inclination of the pelvis when Kinesio tape (KT) was applied to the erector spinae and the internal oblique, which are involved in anterior pelvic tilt. [Subjects] Forty asymptomatic adults (twenty-three males and seventeen females) agreed to participate in this experiment. [Methods] First, the pelvic inclination of both sides was measured with a palpation meter (PALM), as the subjects leaned the anterior aspect of their thighs against a stabilizing table, in an upright standing posture. After applying KT to the erector spinae and the internal oblique, the anterior inclination of the pelvis of both sides was measured again. [Results] The anterior inclination of the pelvis of both sides significantly increased when APTT was applied to the erector spinae and the internal oblique in both males and females. [Conclusion] These results suggest that APTT with KT, applied to the muscles involved in anterior inclination, for the purpose of tilting the posteriorly tilted pelvic anteriorly, may change pelvic inclination.
Sulfuric and Sulfurous Esters

Sulfuric and sulfurous acids form a series of esters analogous to those from other acidic materials. The hydrogen of the acid is replaced by a carbon-containing group. Because two hydrogens are present in the sulfur-based acids, there are two series of esters. Replacement of one hydrogen results in an acid ester. If both hydrogens are replaced, whether with the same, with different, or with bifunctional substituents, symmetrical and unsymmetrical diesters form. Dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, and long-chain monoalkyl alkali metal sulfates are the compounds of practical interest. Dialkyl sulfates have been used to introduce a methyl or ethyl group into a wide variety of organic compounds. The long-chain monoalkyl hydrogen sulfates, in the form of their alkali metal or alkylammonium salts, are valuable as surface-active agents and are used commercially. The short-chain monoalkyl hydrogen sulfates are intermediates in commercial conversion routes from olefins to alcohols. Keywords: Sulfuric acid esters; Dimethyl sulfates; Sulfurous acid esters; Diethyl sulfates; Alkylation; Sulfites; Hydrogen sulfates; Diorgano sulfites; Diorgano sulfates; Surfactants
Population Monte Carlo methodology a la Gibbs sampling

Population Monte Carlo (PMC) algorithms iterate on sets of samples and weights to approximate a stationary target distribution. The target distribution is often the a posteriori distribution of a set of unknowns of interest given observed data and the employed model. The accuracy of the estimation depends on many factors including the number and “quality” of the generated samples. In this paper, we propose a PMC algorithm that can be used for high-dimensional models and that is built in the spirit of the Gibbs sampling method. We demonstrate the proposed approach on the classical problem of estimating the frequencies of multiple sinusoids. The simulation results show the accuracy of the estimates and their comparison with the results of an alternative approach.
Coronary insufficiency in man. Physiologic and electrocardiographic correlation.

Abstract One hundred and fourteen patients have been studied by means of coronary sinus catheterization, of whom sixty-eight were examined during both rest and exercise. All had resting electrocardiograms and all those studied during exercise had standard exercise two-step tests as well. In thirty-seven undigitalized patients there was a good correlation between the results of the exercise electrocardiogram and characterization of coronary hemodynamics. Digitalis was a recurrent factor preventing interpretation of the exercise electrocardiogram. No correlation was found between chronic S-T segment depression in the electrocardiogram and the coronary venous oxygen saturation. A small group of patients with abnormal right precordial lead exercise tests is described. No correlation could be found with clinical pain or with coronary flow dynamics. Although pulmonary hypertension was uncommon, right ventricular hypertension was seen in all patients.
Treatment trade-offs in myeloma: a survey of consecutive patients about contemporary maintenance strategies

BACKGROUND Two randomized trials have demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) with lenalidomide maintenance after autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma (MM). Overall survival (OS) results are conflicting, and quality-of-life (QOL) data are lacking. The authors conducted a systematic survey of patients with MM regarding what constitutes a meaningful benefit that would make burdens of maintenance treatments (toxicity and cost) acceptable. METHODS A self-administered survey was mailed to 1159 consecutive, living patients who were evaluated at Mayo Clinic. The survey provided background information on the standard of care for MM and data on maintenance. Patients were asked to estimate the magnitude of OS benefit that would be acceptable for various degrees of toxicity and cost. RESULTS Of 1159 surveys sent, 886 patients (83.2%) responded, and 736 patients returned a completed survey (66% raw response rate). The most worrisome potential toxicity was identified as peripheral neuropathy by 27% of patients, cytopenias by 24%, deep vein thrombosis by 20%, fatigue by 15%, nausea by 8%, and diarrhea/constipation by 7%. If treatment was free, had no toxicity, and the OS benefit was ≤1 year, then 49% of patients indicated that they would choose maintenance; with moderate toxicity, this proportion decreased to 42%. Adding a treatment cost of $25 per month decreased the proportion that would choose maintenance to 39% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that willingness to receive maintenance treatment declined when actual benefits were provided in concrete numeric terms compared with a general statement of PFS benefit. The authors also observed that the magnitude of benefit required to consider maintenance was affected by cost and toxicity. Cancer 2013;119:4308–4315. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Performance Comparison of Security Mechanisms for Grid Services

Security is one of the most important features for grid services. There are several specifications used to add security to grid services, and some of them have been implemented and are in use. However, since most of the security mechanisms involve slow XML manipulations, adding security to grid services introduces a big performance penalty. In this paper, we introduce various security mechanisms and compare their features and performance. Our evaluation shows that transport level security (SSL) is faster than message level security, and should be used if there is no special requirement to use message level security. For message level security, WS-SecureConversation is generally fast, but has a scalability problem.
Admission control algorithms integrated with pricing for revenue optimization with QoS guarantees in mobile wireless networks

We propose and analyze call admission control algorithms integrated with pricing for revenue optimization with QoS guarantee to serve multiple service classes in mobile wireless networks. Traditional admission control algorithms make acceptance decision for new and handoff calls to satisfy certain QoS constraints such as the dropping probability of handoff calls and the blocking probability of new calls being lower than a pre-specified threshold. We analyze a class of partitioning and threshold-based admission control algorithms that make acceptance/rejection decision not only to satisfy QoS requirements but also to optimize the revenue of the system, taking into account prices and arrival/departure information of service calls. We show that for a "charge-by-time" pricing scheme, there exist optimal resource allocation settings under which the partitioning and threshold-based admission control algorithm would produce the maximum revenue obtainable by the system without sacrificing QoS requirements. Further, the threshold-based admission control algorithm outperforms the partitioning-based counterpart at optimizing settings over a wide range of input parameters characterizing the operating environment and service workload conditions. Methods for utilizing of the analysis results for real-time admission control for revenue optimization with QoS guarantee are described with numerical data given to demonstrate the applicability.
Studies of Parasitic Wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Association with Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak

A survey of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Grand Teton National Park reveals undiscovered (but not unexpected) diversity, as well as changes in diversity associated with the bark beetle epidemic and the unusually warm, dry year. Our 2012 survey found nearly the same number of Braconidae subfamilies (18 vs 19) as a 2002 survey (Shaw 2002); a remarkable amount of diversity given that the 2002 survey was based upon five times as many specimens. Eleven species found in this study are new distribution records for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), which points to much undiscovered local diversity. Differences from previous studies are possibly due to the unusual warmth and dryness of spring 2012, along with some influence from beetle kill. We provide a list of parasitoids and predators associated with mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), a stepping stone for further research to determine the role of natural enemies in bark beetle outbreak dynamics in the GYE.
Gift of the Cotton Maiden: Textiles ofFlores and the Solor Islands

Gift of the Cotton Maiden: Textiles of Flores and the Solor Islands. Edited by ROY W. HAMILTON. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1994. 287 pp., color and b/w illustrations, maps, appendices, notes, bibliography, list of contributors. $36.00 (paper).
A secondary cache controller design for a high-end microprocessor

The design of a CMOS cache controller chip for a high-end (i486) microprocessor is presented. The cache controller supports either two lines per tag (sectored) or one line per tag (nonsectored). A single cache controller directly supports nonsectored 64 kilobyte or sectored 128 kilobyte cache memories. The sectored mode effectively doubles the cache size compared to the nonsectored mode while maintaining the same tag RAM size. The cache controller is designed to be completely software transparent and contains a 4 K-tag entry tag RAM on-chip and supports burst read, burst line fill, snoop, and back-off cycles. Read-only spaces can also be cached with write protections. Two-way set associativity, sectored cache, and efficient cache protocols optimize performance of the cache memory system and complexity of the cache controller design. This chip supports a 25- or 33-MHz microprocessor. This high speed is achieved by dividing the tag RAM array into eight small sections, thus reducing the overall access time of the tag RAM. >
Cyclic AMP, Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase, and the Duration of the Interphase in Dictyostelium discoideum

Summary After feeding has ended, amoebae of the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, enter a quiescent period (the interphase) before aggregation. Many characteristics required for aggregation develop in the amoebae during the interphase period, and the length of the interphase is affected by numerous factors including the density of the developing cell population. It was previously shown that the fewer the cells present, the longer the interphase [12, 13]. The present study is an investigation of the cell density dependence of the length of the interphase. It is shown that the interphase can be shortened for cell populations of low density by reducing the external cyclic AMP levels surrounding the amoebae. The same effect is obtained whether the cyclic AMP level is reduced by dilution into salt solution below the support medium, by absorption on to charcoal, or by destruction with the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Additional cyclic AMP in the support medium lengthens the interphase. Measurements of the cyclic AMP phophodiesterase levels produced by amoebae show that, under the condition of a reduced external cyclic AMP level, populations of low cell density not only aggregate earlier, but also aggregate at a lower level of cell-bound phosphodiesterase. At the time of aggregation, external cyclic AMP levels and cell-bound phosphodiesterase levels are seen to reach a specific ratio for lower cell densities. The relationship of cyclic AMP and cell-bound phosphodiesterase at aggregation is interpreted as important in the detection of a cyclic AMP gradient by the receptor system on the surface of the amoebae. It is suggested that low cell densities require a longer period of time to achieve the appropriate relationship between external cyclic AMP and cell-bound phosphodiesterase and therefore have a longer interphase.
A hybrid atomistic–continuum model for fluid flow using LAMMPS and OpenFOAM

Abstract A fully parallelized hybrid atomistic–continuum (HAC) model, built from the open source codes LAMMPS and OpenFOAM, is developed to resolve nanoscale features of fluid flow. The domain is decomposed into an atomistic domain, where individual atomic interactions are computed, and a continuum domain, where the Navier–Stokes equations are solved. The two domains are coupled through an overlap region in which the solutions in both domains are consistent. The accuracy of the HAC model is demonstrated through the simulation of sudden start Couette flow. The hybrid model is shown to reduce computation time by a factor of five for a 78 nm channel as compared to a fully-atomistic simulation; this speedup is expected to become even greater for larger systems. Program Summary Program title: HacFoam Catalogue identifier: AEPC_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEPC_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 82519 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 367728 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++. Computer: All capable of running Linux. Operating system: Linux. Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Parallelized with MPI Classification: 7.7. External routines: MPI, LAMMPS ( http://lammps.sandia.gov/ ), OpenFOAM ( http://www.openfoam.org ) Nature of problem: Continuum methods are often incapable of resolving features and flow patterns in confined nanoscale liquid flows. Macroscopic simulations are far beyond the reach of atomistic simulations. Combining the atomistic resolution of molecular dynamics with the reduced computational expense of traditional continuum numerical techniques for fluid flow would allow larger scale problems to be studied. Solution method: The domain is decomposed into an atomistic domain and a continuum domain. Molecular dynamics (LAMMPS) is used in the atomistic domain while the Navier–Stokes equations are solved (OpenFOAM) in the continuum domain. The two domains are coupled through an overlap region where the two solutions communicate. LAMMPS and OpenFOAM are combined into a single executable, in the form of an OpenFOAM solver named HacFoam. Running time: HacFoam can vary from minutes to days to weeks depending on the size of the system, length of time simulated and number of processors used.
A Workforce of Cynics? The Effects of Contemporary Reforms on Public Service Motivation

ABSTRACT This article examines how norms and intrinsic forms of motivation can inform agency-theory assumptions about how to manage bureaucratic misbehavior. In particular, the potential for public service motivation to mediate self-interested moral hazard is examined. Recent decades have seen the public sector move toward a market model, which has increased the opportunities for moral hazard by tying high-powered incentives to incomplete contracts. At the same time, the market model may crowd out intrinsic values that provide the best protection against exploitation of those situations.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF ALIMENTARY LYMPHOSARCOMA IN THE CAT

Clinical, radiological and ultrasonographic findings from 22 cats with gastrointestinal lymphosarcoma were reviewed. The most common clinical findings were anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, lethargy, depression, fever, anemia and a palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal radiographs of 12 cats revealed a mass associated with the gastrointestinal tract and/or mesentery, and decreased serosal detail, suggestive of peritoneal effusion. The most common ultrasonographic finding was transmural gastric or intestinal thickening associated with loss of normal wall layering, reduced wall echogenicity and localized hypomotility. As is noted in people, other patterns such as transmural-segmental, transmural-nodular, transmural-bulky and mucosal infiltration were represented. In 3 cats, mesenteric lymph-adenopathy was responsible for most of the mass-effect. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, automated microcore biopsy, endoscopic biopsy or necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of lymphosarcoma in all cats. Chemotherapy was instituted in 19 cats. Only 6 cats had a complete response to treatment. The results of this study indicate that ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of feline alimentary lymphosarcoma and that biopsies can be obtained under ultrasonographic guidance.
Semiautomatic Method for Spectroscopic Wavelength and Intensity Measurements

An arrangement is described by which spectroscopic wavelength measurements are greatly simplified with an increase in accuracy. The measuring microscope is replaced by a photoelectric scanning device which displays line contours on an oscilloscope screen. The comparator readings are made automatically with electronic devices, and the results either recorded with an automatic typewriter or punched into cards or both. Photographic densities are measured and recorded at the same time. The data are then further processed by electronic calculating machines.The equipment is built largely from commercially available components. Its operation is simple and foolproof. The various stages are independent of each other and can be introduced singly or in combination as desired.
Estimation of melting curves from enzymatic activity-temperature profiles.

Measuring the reversible thermal unfolding of enzymes is valuable for quantifying the effects of environmental factors on the thermodynamic stability of proteins. The thermal unfolding behavior of enzymes is typically studied using calorimetry or optical techniques such as circular dichroism, fluorescence, or light scattering. These techniques often have practical limitations and usually require the protein to be electrophoretically pure. An alternative technique for analyzing the thermodynamic stability of enzymes is to estimate the melting curve from temperature-activity data. This technique does not require electrophoretically pure enzyme, provided the sample does not have competing enzymatic activities or proteins which can affect enzyme stability (e.g., proteases). Moreover, small amounts of contaminant proteins should not affect the results as long as enzymatic assays are performed at low protein concentrations where nonspecific protein-protein interactions are negligible. To illustrate this technique, the melting curve for beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli in the presence of 1 mM EDTA, and the shift caused by adding 1 mM Mg(+2), were calculated from activity-temperature data. Melting temperatures predicted from activity-temperature data compared closely with those obtained using other techniques. Application of this analysis to multisubstrate enzymes is illustrated by estimating the melting profiles for partially purified hydrogenases from several thermophilic Methanococcii. Limitations and important considerations for estimating melting profiles from activity-temperature data are discussed.
Behavioral and physiological responses of susceptible and resistant diamondback moth larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis

To determine whether field-selected resistance of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis is based on behavioral or physiological adaptation, we measured mortality, consumption, and movement of larvae from a susceptible and a resistant colony when placed on untreated and B. thuringiensis treated cabbage. Colonies did not differ in mortality, consumption, or movement on untreated cabbage. However, for a given amount of consumption of treated cabbage, resistant larvae had lower mortality than susceptible larvae, demonstrating that resistance had a physiological basis. The movement patterns could not account for the differences between colonies in survival. Resistant larvae did not avoid B. thuringiensis more than did susceptible larvae. Thus, we found no evidence for behavioral resistance.
Lack of Effect of Walnuts on Serum Levels of Prostate Specific Antigen: A Brief Report

Objective: To examine whether the short-term consumption of walnuts, a food rich in α-linolenic acid, affects levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a marker of prostate enlargement, inflammation, and cancer.Methods: Using data from a 12-month randomized crossover study examining the effect of walnut consumption on body composition, we examined whether increased walnut consumption (mean 35 grams daily, 12% total energy) affected serum PSA levels among 40 middle-aged men.Results: There was no significant difference between mean PSA level at the conclusion of the 6-month walnut-supplemented diet (1.05 μg/L, 95% CI [0.81, 1.37]) and the conclusion of the 6-month control diet (1.06 μg/L, 95% CI [0.81, 1.38]) (P = 0.86) (or a mean proportional decrease in PSA of −1%).Conclusions: Our results suggest that short-term consumption of walnuts is unlikely to affect PSA levels adversely among otherwise normal men.
Adaptive manipulator control: A case study

The author's previous work (1986, 1987) utilized the particular structure of manipulator dynamics to develop a simple, globally convergent adaptive controller for manipulator trajectory control problems. After summarizing the basic algorithm, they demonstrate the approach on a high-speed two-degree-of-freedom semi-direct-drive robot. They show that the dynamic parameters of the manipulator, assumed to be initially unknown, can be estimated within the first half second of a typical run, and that accordingly, the manipulator trajectory can be precisely controlled. These experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive controller enjoys essentially the same level of robustness to unmodeled dynamics as a PD (proportional and differential) controller, yet achieves much better tracking accuracy than either PD or computed-torque schemes. Its superior performance for high-speed operations, in the presence of parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, and its relative computational simplicity, make it an attractive option both for addressing complex industrial tasks, and for simplifying high-level programming of more standard operations. >
Intensification of ocean fronts by down-front winds

Abstract Many ocean fronts experience strong local atmospheric forcing by down-front winds, that is, winds blowing in the direction of the frontal jet. An analytic theory and nonhydrostatic numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the mechanism by which down-front winds lead to frontogenesis. When a wind blows down a front, cross-front advection of density by Ekman flow results in a destabilizing wind-driven buoyancy flux (WDBF) equal to the product of the Ekman transport with the surface lateral buoyancy gradient. Destabilization of the water column results in convection that is localized to the front and that has a buoyancy flux that is scaled by the WDBF. Mixing of buoyancy by convection, and Ekman pumping/suction resulting from the cross-front contrast in vertical vorticity of the frontal jet, drive frontogenetic ageostrophic secondary circulations (ASCs). For mixed layers with negative potential vorticity, the most frontogenetic ASCs select a preferred cross-front width and do not translate with...
Pliocene-Pleistocene asymmetric unroofing of the Irian fold belt, Irian Jaya, Indonesia: Apatite fission-track thermochronology

The Central Range of New Guinea is an orogenic belt up to 100 km wide and more than 1300 km long with numerous peaks over 3 km high. The orogen was generated since the middle Miocene by the collisional underthrusting of the northern passive margin of the Australian continent into a north-dipping subduction zone beneath the Melanesian island arc. South of Puncak Jaya, the highest peak in New Guinea, Pliocene–Pleistocene uplift and unroofing have exposed Tertiary carbonates and Mesozoic clastic rocks of a rift and passive-margin sequence above unmetamorphosed Paleozoic strata and greenschist-facies slates probably of Precambrian age. Eight magmatic apatite samples from Pliocene intrusions of intermediate composition in the Gunung Bijih (Ertsberg) mining district at the crest of the Central Range in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, yield pooled fission-track ages ranging between 3.7 ± 0.9 and 2.0 ± 0.3 Ma (±1σ). Long etchable mean track lengths (>14 µm) and narrow track length distributions indicate rapid cooling, as expected for shallow-level intrusions. These track-length data and the observation that the Grasberg pluton was emplaced into its own volcanic cover indicate that <2 km of material has been eroded from the top of this part of the range since the Pliocene. Seven detrital apatite samples from the Triassic-Jurassic Tipuma and the Carboniferous–Permian Aiduna Formations and apatite from two igneous dikes exposed halfway down the southern slope of the range yield pooled fission-track ages ranging between 2.7 ± 0.7 and 2.0 ± 0.5 Ma (±1σ). Etchable mean track lengths of ≈9–12 µm and wide track length distributions indicate slower cooling compared to the Pliocene intrusions. Complete resetting of provenance fission-track ages in detrital apatite requires burial deeper than ≈4 km. Unroofing rates are ≈1.7 km/m.y. on the southern flank of the range but >0.7 km/m.y. at the crest. These fission-track data combined with local and regional geologic relationships indicate that unroofing of the Irian fold belt occurred at least two and a half times faster, and perhaps more than five times faster, on the lower slope than at the crest. This difference is probably due to regional weather patterns that result in up to ≈ 11 m/yr of orographically induced precipitation on the southern slope of the Irian Central Range but only ≈3 m/yr near the highest elevations.
Prevention of retrovirus infection after injury with contaminated instruments : an experimental study

Abstract Owing to similarities between human immunodeficiency virus and feline retrovirases, the feline model was chosen for the study to investigate the efficacy of timely topical treatment of accidental human immunodeficiency virus infection in the operating room. Cats were subcutaneously inoculated with either feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus. An effort was made to neutralize the virus in loco either by infiltration of the inoculation site with povidone-iodine or with monoclonal antibodies, or by cauterization and excision. The animals were periodically monitored for feline leukemia virus antigens or for feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies. The results indicated that in the feline model, the development of generalized virus infection may be prevented by local measures if applied immediately.
3-D Surface Visualization of pH Titration “Topos”: Equivalence Point Cliffs, Dilution Ramps, and Buffer Plateaus

3-D topographic surfaces (“topos”) can be generated to visualize how pH behaves during titration and dilution procedures. The surfaces are constructed by plotting computed pH values above a composition grid with volume of base added in one direction and overall system dilution on the other. What emerge are surface features that correspond to behavior in aqueous solutions. Equivalence point breaks become cliffs that pinch out with dilution. Buffer effects become plateaus. Dilution alone generates 45° ramps. Limitations of the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation can be seen by noting the conditions over which a plateau remains relatively flat. Because dissociation is driven by dilution, the surfaces demonstrate when the solution of a weak acid becomes indistinguishable from that of a strong acid. Surfaces are presented for hydrochloric acid, HCl (a strong acid); acetic acid, CH3COOH (a weak monoprotic acid); oxalic acid, HOOCCOOH (a weak diprotic acid) and l-histidine dihydrochloride, C6H9N3O2·2HCl (a weak tripr...
An adaptive separation-aware FTL for improving the efficiency of garbage collection in SSDs

Hot/cold data separation in flash-based solid state drives has been considered important to the overall performance due to the costly garbage collection overhead. This work proposes a method that accurately and naturally identifies and separates hot/cold data while only incurs minimal overhead. The proposed method only requires minimal on-device RAM space. Simulation results have shown that the proposed ASA-FTL reduce the GC overhead by up to 33% and improve the overall response time by 9% against the most advanced existing FTL in both real workloads and synthetic workloads.
Propagation narrowing in the transmission of a light pulse through a spectral hole

We comment on the spectral modification and temporal reshaping of a narrow-band light pulse propagating through an atomic absorber that has a still narrower spectral hole. The regime of propagation narrowing is distinguished from the regime of Beer's law.
A parametric family of cubic Thue equations

In this paper, we solve a family of Diophantine equations associated with families of number fields of degree 3. In fact, we find all solutions to the Thue equation Φn(x,y)=x3−(n3−2n2+3n−3)x2y−n2xy2−y3=±1, for n⩾1.
Organic marker compounds in surface soils of crop fields from the San Joaquin Valley fugitive dust characterization study

Abstract Fugitive dust from the erosion of arid and fallow land, after harvest and during agricultural activities, can at times be the dominant source of airborne particulate matter. In order to assess the source contributions to a given site, chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling is typically used together with source-specific profiles for organic and inorganic constituents. Yet, the mass balance closure can be achieved only if emission profiles for all major sources are considered. While a higher degree of mass balance closure has been achieved by adding individual organic marker compounds to elements, ions, EC, and organic carbon (OC), major source profiles for fugitive dust are not available. Consequently, neither the exposure of the population living near fugitive dust sources from farm land, nor its chemical composition is known. Surface soils from crop fields are enriched in plant detritus from both above and below ground plant parts; therefore, surface soil dust contains natural organic compounds from the crops and soil microbiota. Here, surface soils derived from fields growing cotton, safflower, tomato, almonds, and grapes have been analyzed for more than 180 organic compounds, including natural lipids, saccharides, pesticides, herbicides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The major result of this study is that selective biogenically derived organic compounds are suitable markers of fugitive dust from major agricultural crop fields in the San Joaquin Valley. Aliphatic homologs exhibit the typical biogenic signatures of epicuticular plant waxes and are therefore indicative of fugitive dust emissions and mechanical abrasion of wax protrusions from leaf surfaces. Saccharides, among which α- and β-glucose, sucrose, and mycose show the highest concentrations in surface soils, have been proposed to be generic markers for fugitive dust from cultivated land. Similarly, steroids are strongly indicative of fugitive dust. Yet, triterpenoids reveal the most pronounced distribution differences for all types of cultivated soils examined here and are by themselves powerful markers for fugitive dust that allow differentiation between the types of crops cultivated. PAHs are also found in some surface soils, as well as persistent pesticides, e.g., DDE, Fosfall, and others.
Small Grain Cereals

Small grain cereals—wheat, barley, oat, rye, and triticale—are among the most important cultivated plant species, essential to human and livestock nutrition, and grown in greater quantities than an...
Massive hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis: three case reports and a protocol for clinical management

The clinical management of massive hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis proceeds according to the following paradigm. The site of bleeding is identified by bronchoscopy, ideally under general anesthesia. Then selective bronchial arteriography is performed. If collaterals to the spinal cord are visualized, arterial embolization is abandoned and pulmonary resection is undertaken within the limits of pulmonary function.
Steady-state thermal design of space radiators.

Steady state thermal design of space radiators consisting of flat panel containing parallel single pass tubes
Shock wave structure in a strongly nonlinear lattice with viscous dissipation

The shock wave structure in a one-dimensional lattice (e.g., granular chain of elastic particles) with a power law dependence of force on displacement between particles $(F\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{n})$ with viscous dissipation is considered and compared to the corresponding long wave approximation. A dissipative term depending on the relative velocity between neighboring particles is included to investigate its influence on the shape of a steady shock. The critical viscosity coefficient ${p}_{c}$, defining the transition from an oscillatory to a monotonic shock profile in strongly nonlinear systems, is obtained from the long-wave approximation for arbitrary values of the exponent $n$. The expression for the critical viscosity is comparable to the value obtained in the numerical analysis of a discrete system with a Hertzian contact interaction $(n=3∕2)$. The expression for ${p}_{c}$ in the weakly nonlinear case converges to the known equation for the critical viscosity. An initial disturbance in a discrete system approaches a stationary shock profile after traveling a short distance that is comparable to the width of the leading pulse of a stationary shock front. The shock front width is minimized when the viscosity is equal to its critical value.
Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies with Multiple Outcomes Using Penalization

Genome-wide association studies have been extensively conducted, searching for markers for biologically meaningful outcomes and phenotypes. Penalization methods have been adopted in the analysis of the joint effects of a large number of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and marker identification. This study is partly motivated by the analysis of heterogeneous stock mice dataset, in which multiple correlated phenotypes and a large number of SNPs are available. Existing penalization methods designed to analyze a single response variable cannot accommodate the correlation among multiple response variables. With multiple response variables sharing the same set of markers, joint modeling is first employed to accommodate the correlation. The group Lasso approach is adopted to select markers associated with all the outcome variables. An efficient computational algorithm is developed. Simulation study and analysis of the heterogeneous stock mice dataset show that the proposed method can outperform existing penalization methods.
An Efficient Photo-SET-Induced Cleavage of Dithiane−Carbonyl Adducts and Its Relevance to the Development of Photoremovable Protecting Groups for Ketones and Aldehydes

Irradiation of dithiane−aldehyde/ketone adducts in the presence of benzophenone leads to C−C bond cleavage regenerating the carbonyl compounds. It is established that the mechanism of this reaction involves photochemically induced single electron transfer from the dithiane moiety to the excited molecule of ET-photosensitizer, accompanied by mesolytic C−C cleavage in the generated cation-radical, which is assisted by the anion-radical of benzophenone. This mechanism is confirmed by a Hammett plot study of the cleavage in the dithiane adducts of substituted aromatic aldehydes and a deuterium kinetic isotope effect study. Ab initio computations at UHF/6-31G* and MP2/6-31G* levels of theory in conjunction with self-consistent reaction field (self-consistent isodensity-polarized continuum model), to account for the solvent effect, also support the experimental findings. The reaction is most efficient for protection of aromatic aldehydes and ketones and aliphatic ketones, and is a novel method for protecting ca...
Mitochondrial glutathione in toxicology and disease of the kidneys

The tripeptide glutathione (GSH), comprised of the amino acids L-cysteine, glycine, and L-glutamate, is found in all cells of aerobic organisms and plays numerous, critical roles as an antioxidant and nucleophile in regulating cellular homeostasis and drug metabolism. GSH is synthesized exclusively in the cytoplasm of most cells by two ATP-dependent reactions. Despite this compartmentation, GSH is found in other subcellular compartments, including mitochondria. As the GSH molecule has a net negative charge at physiological pH, it cannot cross cellular membranes by diffusion. Rather, GSH is a substrate for a variety of anion and amino acid transporters. Two organic anion carriers in the inner membrane of renal mitochondria, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC; Slc25a10) and the 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC; Slc25a11), are responsible for most of the transport of GSH from cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix. Genetic manipulation of DIC and/or OGC expression in renal cell lines demonstrated the ability to produce sustained increases in mitochondrial GSH content, which then protected these cells from cytotoxicity due to several oxidants and mitochondrial toxicants. Several diseases and pathological states are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, suggesting that the mitochondrial GSH pool may be a therapeutic target. One such disease that is of particular concern for public health is diabetic nephropathy. Another chronic, pathological state that is associated with bioenergetic and redox changes is compensatory renal hypertrophy that results from reductions in functional renal mass. This review summarizes pathways of mitochondrial GSH transport and discusses studies on its manipulation in toxicological and pathological states.
Design of a shear-thinning recoverable peptide hydrogel from native sequences and application for influenza H1N1 vaccine adjuvant

Peptide hydrogels are considered injectable materials for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Most published hydrogel-forming sequences contain either alternating-charged and non-charged residues or amphiphilic blocks. Here, we report a self-assembling peptide, h9e (FLIVIGSIIGPGGDGPGGD), designed by rationally combining two native sequences from an elastic segment of spider silk and a trans-membrane segment of human muscle L-type calcium channel. The turning segment GSII of h9e promoted hydrogel formation in both Ca2+ solution and acidic pH conditions at water content greater than 99.5%. Although h9e Ca2+ hydrogel and h9e acidic hydrogel have the same sequence, they have distinct physical properties. The shear-thinning, rapid-strength-recovering h9e Ca2+ hydrogel was used as an H1N1 influenza vaccine adjuvant. The h9e adjuvant was biologically safe and improved immune response by ∼70% compared with an oil-based commercial adjuvant.
Regulation of glycogen synthetase activity by two kinases

Summary Rabbit muscle glycogen synthetase was found to be phosphorylated both by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and by a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase that also phosphorylates phosvitin. Phosphorylation by either kinase alone resulted in only partial conversion of synthetase to a glucose-6-P-dependent form. More complete conversion could be achieved when phosphorylation by phosvitin kinase preceeded phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but not when the order of phosphorylation was reversed. A novel type of regulatory mechanism involving the interaction of these two kinases with three phosphorylation sites is postulated.
The Role of Life Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Authoritative Parenting Dimensions and Adolescent Problem Behavior

Research examining environmental factors associated with adolescents' life satisfaction (LS) has revealed that familial variables (e.g., parent-child conflict, family structure) are crucial correlates. The purpose of the current study was to identify particular dimensions of authoritative parenting (strictness-supervision, social support/involvement, and psychological autonomy granting) that are related to LS during early, middle, and late adolescence, as well as to explore the hypothesis that LS serves as a mediator between authoritative parenting and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior. A sample of 1201 middle and high school students completed self-report measures assessing these constructs. Results indicated statistically significant relationships between each authoritative parenting dimension and adolescent LS. Although all three parenting dimensions were positively related to LS, perceived parental social support emerged as the strongest correlate. Important developmental differences were revealed, including the finding that the association between parenting behaviors and adolescents' LS changed as children aged. Last, LS fully mediated the relationship between social support and adolescent problem behavior and partially mediated relationships between the remaining authoritative parenting dimensions (i.e., strictness-supervision, psychological autonomy granting) and maladaptive adolescent behavior.
Effect of amethopterin on visceral concentration of co60b12 in the mouse.

Summary and conclusionThe effects of 2 doses of amethopterin on hepatic and renal storage and 24-hour uptake of Co60B12 were contrasted in the mouse. A nonlethal dose had little effect on these measurements of Co60B12 metabolism. Following administration of a lethal dose of amethopterin, a progressive decrease in storage and 24-hour uptake of Co60B12 by the liver occurred while concomitant increases were observed in the kidney. It is suggested that the lethal dose of amethopterin was hepatotoxic and decreased the ability of the liver to metabolize Co60B12. In such a situation the kidney may become a more important binding site for this vitamin in the mouse.