cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal stress evolution in cooling pluton environments of different geometries

Thermoelastic displacement potentials and fast Fourier transforms can be combined to rapidly calculate the thermal stresses in 2-D for plutons that cool by conduction. First, temperature distributions over time are computed by solving the diffusion equation. Thermal stresses are then obtained using thermoelastic stress potentials. This method can be applied to a broad range of pluton geometries and initial conditions, and requires far less computation time than finite difference or finite element analyses. Results of 2-D analyses show that pluton geometry strongly influences the thermal stresses that occur in a cooling pluton. Thermal stresses of several tens of MPa arise during cooling and are highest at the corners or where the intrusion is thin. The most tensile stress is greater inside a pluton than in the host rock. Moreover, the orientation of the most tensile stress in a cooling pluton generally changes over time. This could result in multiple fracture sets, which would significantly affect the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of a pluton.
Integrins Contribute to Initial Morphological Development and Process Outgrowth in Rat Adult Hippocampal Progenitor Cells

Adult rat hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPCs) are self-renewing, multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. AHPCs contact a variety of molecular cues within their surrounding microenvironment via integrins. We hypothesize that integrin receptors are important for NPCs. In this study, we have examined the distribution of integrins in neuronal-like, oligodendrocyte-like, and astrocyte-like AHPCs when grown on substrates that support integrin-mediated adhesion (laminin, fibronectin), and those that do not (poly-l-ornithine, PLO) using immunocytochemistry as well as characterized the phenotypic differentiation of AHPCs plated on laminin and fibronectin. Focal adhesions were prominent in AHPCs plated on purified substrates, but were also found in AHPCs plated on PLO. The focal adhesions observed in AHPCs plated on PLO substrates may be formed by self-adhesion to the endogenously produced laminin or fibronectin. We have demonstrated that integrins contribute to the initial morphological differentiation of AHPCs, as inhibition of fibronectin binding with the competitive inhibitor echistatin significantly decreased the number of processes and microspikes present in treated cells, and also decreased overall cell area. Finally, we have characterized the genetic profile of a subset of integrins and integrin-related genes in the AHPCs using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results demonstrate an important role of integrins, in vitro, for the initial morphological differentiation of AHPCs.
Role of fc receptors in lymphocyte activation: deficiency in t- and b-lymphocytes from aged animals.

Abstract Fc fragments derived from human immunoglobulin possess the ability to induce B-cell proliferation. polyclonal antibody responses, and augment cell-mediated and T-dependent humoral responses. However, aged animals display much lower responses to Fc fragment stimulation. Proliferation and polyclonal antibody synthesis are reduced two-five-fold in aged animals compared to the young-adult responses. Furthermore, Fc fragments are unable to potentiate plaque-forming cell (PFC) development in aged animals. Aged B-lymphocytes are deficient in responding to Fc fragments, as their admixture with young-adult T-cells does not restore polyclonal antibody formation. T-cells from aged animals are also ineffective in promoting the polyclonal response when mixed with young-adult B-cells. The T-cell lesion has been further defined as a deficiency in production of an Fc fragment induced T-cell-replacing factor [(Fc)TRF]. The inability of Fc fragments to potentiate anti-SRBC responses in aged animals is also due to a T-cell defect which can be corrected by supplementation with interleukin-2 (IL-2).
Torsion of DNA modeled as a heterogeneous fluctuating rod

Abstract We discuss the statistical mechanics of a heterogeneous elastic rod with bending, twisting and stretching. Our model goes beyond earlier works where only homogeneous rods were considered in the limit of high forces and long lengths. Our methods allow us to consider shorter fluctuating rods for which boundary conditions can play an important role. We use our theory to study structural transitions in torsionally constrained DNA where there is coexistence of states with different effective properties. In particular, we examine whether a newly discovered left-handed DNA conformation called L-DNA is a mixture of two known states. We also use our model to investigate the mechanical effects of the binding of small molecules to DNA. For both these applications we make experimentally falsifiable predictions.
Initial results with a multisource inverse-geometry CT system

The multi-source inverse-geometry CT(MS-IGCT) system is composed of multiple sources and a small 2D detector array. An experimental MS-IGCT system was built and we report initial results with 2×4 x-ray sources, a 75 mm inplane field-of-view (FOV) and 160 mm z-coverage in a single gantry rotation. To evaluate the system performance, experimental data were acquired from several phantoms and a post-mortem rat. Before image reconstruction, geometric calibration, data normalization, beam hardening correction and detector spectral calibration were performed. For reconstruction, the projection data were rebinned into two full cone beam data sets, and the FDK algorithm was used. The reconstructed volumes from the upper and lower source rows shared an overlap volume which was combined in image space. The reconstructed images of the uniform cylinder phantom showed good uniformity of the reconstructed values without any artifacts. The rat data were also reconstructed reliably. The initial experimental results from this rotating-gantry MS-IGCT system demonstrated its ability to image a complex anatomical object without any significant image artifacts and to ultimately achieve large volumetric coverage in a single gantry rotation.
Posterior mediastinal hemangioma

We report posterior mediastinal hemangiomas in a 4-month-old and a 6-month-old girl. The masses were identified on radiographs of the chest followed by contrast-enhanced CT. Histological evaluation of the surgical specimens established the final diagnosis. Although mediastinal hemangiomas have been described, they remain a rare entity. A diagnosis can be suggested by relatively high attenuating masses on contrast-enhanced CT. Posterior mediastinal hemangiomas sometimes mimic neuroblastomas, which is the most common posterior mediastinal in this age group.
Iteratively optimized nonperiodic plasmon resonant nanostructures

FDTD simulations are performed on two-dimensional clusters of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in response to incident planewave irradiation. Using an iterative optimization algorithm, we determine the spatial configuration of the nanoparticles that gives the maximum electric field intensity at the center of the cluster. The optimum configurations of these clusters have mirror symmetry about the axis of planewave propagation, but are otherwise non-symmetric and non-intuitive. The optimized electric field intensity increases monotonically with the number of nanoparticles in the cluster, producing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancements that are 25 times larger than linear chains of nanoparticles and 6 million times larger than the incident electromagnetic field.
Does tubal sterilization influence the subsequent risk of menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relation between tubal ligation, change in menstrual cycle characteristics, and early follicular phase hormones. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of women 36–44 years of age. Setting: The greater Boston area. Patient(s): Nine hundred seventy-six premenopausal women with intact uteri. Intervention(s): A comparison of women with and without a history of tubal ligation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Menstrual and reproductive histories were self-reported. Early follicular phase blood samples were obtained to assess FSH, LH, and E 2 . We compared menstrual cycle changes from the first 5 years after menarche with completion of the baseline questionnaire in women with and without a prior history of tubal ligation. Result(s): Cycle length, cycle regularity, menses length, flow volume, dysmenorrhea, and hormone levels were similar in women with and without a history of tubal ligation. However, among parous women with a history of cesarean section, those with a tubal ligation >5 years ago experienced a marginal increase in volume of menstrual flow compared with women with no tubal ligation history. Conclusion(s): We found no significant change in menstrual cycle characteristics or hormone levels in women with or without a history of tubal ligation. However, tubal ligation may have a modest effect on the change in menstrual flow volume over time among parous women with a history of cesarean section.
Climbing onto the shoulders of giants

The "incredible shrinking pipeline" problem has become the euphemism for the dilemma of declining numbers of women seeking bachelor's degrees in a computing discipline. The problem is well recognized, and many have suggested reasons for it. Unfortunately, much of what has been written is based on anecdotal evidence or inferences made from statistical results from small samples of very specific groups in the computing disciplines. There have been few multi-disciplinary approaches to analyze the problem with even fewer attempts to create a model that might explain it. This paper is the end of a beginning. Having received a National Science Foundation grant to study gender-based differences and ethnic and cultural models in the computing disciplines, the principle investigators document the work that has led to launching a nationwide study of the problem to commence in Fall 2004.
X-ray plasma source design simulations

The optimization of soft x-ray production from a laser-produced plasma for lithographic applications is discussed in the context of recent experiments by Kauffman et al. [Appl. Opt. 32, 6897 (1993)], which indicate that a conversion efficiency of 0.01 can be obtained with Sn targets at modest laser intensity. Computer simulations of the experiments delineate the critical phenomena underlying these high conversion efficiencies, especially the role of hydrodynamic expansion and radiative emission. Qualitative features of the experiments are reproduced, including the transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional flow. The quantitative discrepancy is ascribed to incorrect initiation of the ablating plasma and to inadequate atomic transition rate evaluation.
Evidence for extranucleolar control of RNA synthesis in the nucleolus.

Abstract Previous studies demonstrate that RNA synthesis by nucleoli isolated from rat liver cells or by solubilized nucleolar polymerase is not inhibited by α-amanitin, whereas this toxin is an effective inhibitor of the extranucleolar polymerase. In contrast, administration of amanitin to intact rats severely reduces synthesis of RNA by liver nucleoli, as shown by the following results obtained 1 hr after injection of the toxin: (a) all species of RNA, including nucleolar RNA, show reduced isotope uptake from an in vivo pulse dose of orotic acid; (b) in vivo methylation of ribosomal RNA is inhibited; (c) the 45S peak of ribosomal RNA precursor disappears from gradients of nuclear RNA; and (d) RNA synthesis in vitro by nucleoli isolated from amanitin-treated rats is inhibited. The contrast between the lack of action of amanitin on RNA synthesis by isolated nucleoli and the effectiveness of the toxin in vivo suggests that ribosomal RNA formation in the intact cell is under an extranucleolar control mechanism sensitive to amanitin.
Update on Alzheimer drugs (galantamine).

Background Deficient cholinergic function contributes to the cognitive and behavioral signs and symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). A successful treatment approach in AD has been the enhancement of cholinergic function by cholinesterase inhibitors. Review summary Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric modulating ligand at nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamine 24 mg/d has been demonstrated consistently effective compared with placebo for the cognitive, functional, and behavioral aspects of Alzheimer's disease in large multicenter trials. Cognition and function on average are preserved for 12 months in Alzheimer disease patients receiving galantamine. It is safe and very well tolerated when dosage is escalated gradually. Conclusions Galantamine is a valuable addition to agents available for the pharmacologic treatment of AD.
On simulating steel-concrete interaction in reinforced concrete part I: Theoretical development

Abstract In this paper a methodology for analytically mixing steel and concrete is explored, in an attempt to obtain a two-phase model of reinforced concrete. Attention is devoted to an element containing representative volumes of rebar concrete cover; this element can be associated with a ‘cell’ for dense steel layouts and a rebar-type for sparse layouts and explicit rebar element representations. A variational principle and an asymptotic procedure are used to generate a binary mixture model of the composite from the constitutive relations of the components and interfaces, and the steel geometry. Steel–concrete interaction in this methodology appears in the form of mixture interaction terms.
Ettect of Dopamine on Regional Blood Flows in Sick Preterm Neonates

Although dopamine (DA) increases blood pressure (BP) and urine output in the hypotensive and/or oliguric neonate (Seri I, J Pediatr 126:333, 1995), the regional hemodynamic effects of the drug on organ blood flows have not been studied in the neonate. We compared the vascular responses to DA in the renal(RA), superior mesenteric (SMA), and middle cerebral (MCA) artery, and in the descending aorta (DAo) in 10 non-hypotensive, preterm neonates(GA=26.9±2.8, range=23-31 weeks; BW=1005±399, range 461-1810 g) during the first 2 days of life who presented with RDS and poor peripheral perfusion. Blood flow velocity profile was measured by Acuson XP color and a duplex Doppler unit with a 5.0/7.0 MHz Sector Probe at a close to zero angle. The pulsatility index (Pl = peak systolic velocity - lowest diastolic velocity divided by the mean velocity) was used to assess the drug-induced selective alterations in the renal (RBF), mesenteric (MBF), cerebral (CBF) and DAo(DAoBF) blood flows at a DA dose (2.5-7.5 μg/kg/min) which raised BP by 15 to 20% and improved peripheral perfusion. Table
Applications of Radiation Effects in Glasses in Low‐and High‐Level Dosimetry

Two types of dosimetry using special glasses as sensing elements are reviewed. Both systems give an integrated total dose measurement. One system is based on a change in luminescence with dose and covers the range 10 to 10,000 rads. The second system is based on an optical absorption change with dose and covers the range 104 to 107 rads.
The specificity of enzymic reactions. Aminoacyl-soluble RNA ligases.

Abstract 1. 1. Using the valine- and isoleucine-activating enzymes of Escherichia coli ( l -valine:sRNA ligase (AMP), EC 6.1.1.9 and l -isoleucine:sRNA ligase (AMP), EC 6.1.1.5, respectively), K m , K i and V have been determined for a variety of amino acid substrates under different conditions using pyrophosphate exchange, hydroxamate formation and sRNA acylation. 2. 2. By compairing the K m and V obtained under different assay conditions it has been possible to calculate K eq . (= k 2 / k 1 ) for the dissociation of the several enzyme-substrate complexes. 3. 3. The variation of K eq . with substrate structure is far greater than has been proposed on the basis of London forces, movement of the organic side chain into a “micro-organic phase on the enzyme surface” or specific side chain hydrophobic bonds. Space-filling considerations may be able to account for the differences in binding forces. It is probably necessary to invoke differences in the energy of the initial state conformation to account for the difference in binding of α-aminobutyric acid and valine. 4. 4. These changes in K eq . (as much as a 300-fold increase with the detection of one methylene group), together with small changes in V , suggest a relatively rigid structur for these enzymes and the participation of relatively strong bonds such as hydrogen bonds in enzyme-substrate fit. 5. 5. Unlike the carefully studied cases of chymotrypsin and certain esterases, there appears to be no correlation between substrate-enzyme binding and maximal reaction velocity. It follows that the substrate does, not, by its good fit to the enzyme, induce conformational changes which determine enzymic activity in the case of these enzymes.
The problem of how to account for asset securitization transactions

Abstract Asset securitization is a sophisticated new financial tool that has enabled increasing numbers of firms to liquefy their balance sheets and find alternative sources of investment capital. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the fundamental accounting problems associated with asset securitization. A simple case is presented that can be used as a basis for discussions about how to account for asset securitization transactions. A description of asset securitization, as well as current and prospective treatment alternatives, is also provided.
The linguistic string parser

The linguistic string parser is a system for the syntactic analysis of English scientific text. This system, now in its third version, has been developed over the past 8 years by the Linguistic String Project of New York University. The structure of the system can be traced to an algorithm for natural language parsing described in 1960. This algorithm was designed to overcome certain limitations of the first parsing program for English, which ran on the UNIVAC 1 at the University of Pennsylvania in 1959. The UNIVAC program obtained one "preferred" grammatical reading for each sentence; the parsing program and the grammar were not separate components in the overall system. The 1960 algorithm obtained all valid parses of a sentence; it was syntax-driven by a grammar consisting of elementary linguistic strings and restrictions on the strings (described below). Successive implementations were made in 1965, in 1967, and in 1971. The system contains the largest-coverage grammar of English among implemented natural language parsers.
Electron collision frequency in plasmas

In strongly coupled, degenerate plasmas, the electron collision frequency has been described by the Ziman formula with the ion-ion correlations modeled by the classical one-component plasma (OCP). However, this model fails to reproduce the correct quantum Lenard-Balescu result in the weak-coupling limit. It is demonstrated here that a recently obtained correlation-function expression for the collision frequency reduces to the Ziman and Lenard-Balescu results in the appropriate limits. In addition, it is shown that an extension of the Lenard-Balescu result to include strong coupling can be interpreted as the Ziman collision frequency with the OCP structure factor replaced by the ion-ion structure factor for a two-component system. Numerical estimates of this structure factor are used to calculate the electrical conductivity in moderately coupled ($\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\le}2$) hydrogen plasmas.
Foliar Resistance to Late Blight in Potato Clones Evaluated in National Trials in 1997

Changes in the oomycetePhytophthora infestans in the United States and other parts of the world pose a significant threat to potato production. A continual evaluation of potato clones for resistance to late blight is necessary to identify clones with resistance and to monitor the stability of resistance in light of the emergence of new and more aggressive strains of this pathogen. Twentytwo potato clones (10 cultivars and 12 selections) were evaluated in 1997 for late blight resistance at seven U.S. locations. Seven late blight differentials (R1R2R3R4, R1R2R4, R1R3R4 R3, R8 R10, and Rmulti) were also included in the test at five of these locations. The US-8 strain of P.infestans was present at all locations. Percent infected foliage was recorded at approximately weekly intervals following the onset of disease. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. The nonparametric stability statistics mean absolute rank differences (Si(1)) and variances of the ranks (Si(2)) were used to analyze phenotypic stability. Although neither of these statistics was significant for individual clones, both of these statistics were significant when summed over clones, indicating the importance of genotype × environment interactions on the rankings of these clones across locations. The most late blight-resistant and susceptible clones were the most stable; clones in the intermediate ranges were most subject to rank changes due to genotype × environment interactions. The most late blight-resistant clones were AWN86514-2, B0692-4, B0718-3, and B0767-2. The most susceptible clones were B0811-13, B1004-8, Nor-Donna, and Krantz. AUDPC was very low for the late blight differentials R8 and Rmulti, moderately low for R10 and very high for the remaining differentials. This study is important in characterizing the reaction of potato clones to new strains of P.infestans.
Do Variations in Provider Discussions Explain Socioeconomic Disparities in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction

Background The use of postmastectomy reconstruction varies with socioeconomic status, but the etiology of these variations is not understood. We investigated whether these differences reflect variations in the rate or qualitative aspects of the provider's discussion of reconstruction as an option. Study Design Data were collected through chart review and patient survey for stages I to III breast cancer patients during the National Initiative on Cancer Care Quality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reconstruction and discussion of reconstruction as an option. Predictors of not receiving reconstruction despite a documented discussion were also determined. Results There were 253 of 626 patients who received reconstruction (40.4%). Younger, more educated Caucasian women who were not overweight or receiving postmastectomy radiation were more likely to receive reconstruction. Patients who were younger, more educated, and not receiving postmastectomy radiation were more likely to have a documented discussion of reconstruction. If a discussion was documented, patients who were older, Hispanic, not born in the US, and received postmastectomy radiation were less likely to receive reconstruction. The greatest predictor of reconstruction was medical record documentation of a discussion about reconstruction. Conclusions We observed disparities in the likelihood of reconstruction that were at least partially explained by differences in the likelihood that reconstruction was discussed. But there were also differences in the likelihood of reconstruction based on age, race, and radiation once discussions occurred. Efforts to increase and improve discussions about reconstruction may decrease disparities for this procedure.
Changes in the light-scattering properties of DNA on denaturation

Abstract Light scattering measurements made at angles above 25° do not give the correct molecular weight for native DNA. By construction of a low-angle instrument and using new methods to clarify the sample, measurements could be made down to 10°. The low-angle data (10–25°) for calf-thymus and T7 DNA gave a molecular weight twice that obtained at high angles (26–60°). The low-angle molecular weights agreed with those obtained from sedimentation and viscosity measurements. Denaturation of DNA by acid, alkali, or heat caused a halving of the molecular weight, a large decrease in the radius of gyration, and a loss of viscosity. This result was only obtained with low-angle measurements; high-angle measurements showed no decrease in molecular weight on denaturation. On lowering the Na + concentration progressively from 10 −1 to 10 −5 M , there was a linear decrease in the T m and an increase in the intrinsic viscosity. Low-angle light scattering showed that at 10 −3 M salt the molecular weight was one-fourth that observed at 10 −1 or 10 −2 M salt, while at 10 −1 and 10 −2 M salt the solutions did not scatter light at all. When the salt concentration of the latter solutions was raised to 10 −1 M , scattering took place and the molecular weight was that expected for denatured DNA. Identical results were obtained when heat-denatured DNA was studied in low salt suggesting that the properties observed are due to the polyelectrolyte effect in single-stranded DNA and not to abnormal denaturation.
Nitrogen deposition and dissolved organic carbon production in northern temperate forests

Abstract Deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) alters the decomposition of organic matter in forest ecosystems by changing the expression of key microbial enzymes. We investigated the effects of experimental N deposition on dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils of three forest ecosystems representative of the upper Great Lakes region: the sugar maple/basswood (SMBW), sugar maple/red oak (SMRO) and white oak/black oak (WOBO) ecosystems. Mineral soil samples were collected on five dates from ambient and N-amended plots (80 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in three replicate stands of each forest type. DOM was extracted (2:1, water:soil) from each soil sample and analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). DOC concentration was significantly greater in the N-amended soils (on average: 24% higher for SMBW, 9% for SMRO, and 40% for BOWO). In June and October 2002, bioassays were performed to assess N treatment effects on the composition of DOM and its interacting bacterial community. Within each site, DOM extracts from the ambient and N-amended plots were reciprocally inoculated with bacteria from each plot. After a 48 h incubation at 20 °C, community activity in each microcosm was profiled by measuring 10 extracellular enzyme activities (EEA). MANOVA showed that ecosystem type, sampling date, DOM source (ambient or N-amended plot) and inoculum source (ambient or N-amended plot) all had significant effects on bioassay EEA. Post hoc tests (Tukey's HSD) found significant reductions in oxidative enzyme activity as a result of the N treatment. In general, the bioassay results corroborated a previous report describing losses in soil oxidative enzyme activity in response to N saturation. However, it is not clear whether increased DOC concentration is the direct result of reduced oxidative activity.
Lack of association of human renal allograft rejection and circulating K-cell, NK-cell, or total T-cell levels.

Abstract Thirty-three recipients of cadaveric renal allografts and four living-related allografts were serially monitored at weekly intervals for natural killer (NK)-cell, effector-cell (K) activity in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and daily total circulating T-lymphocyte (TCTC) levels. Rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (ATG) was shown to have a dramatic suppressive effect on all three immune parameters in most of the patients (>90%) studied. Patients experiencing rejection episodes during the first 60 days post-transplant did not express increased levels of any parameter compared to seven non-rejecting patients when measured pretransplant or after 2 and 4 weeks post-transplant. Furthermore, increased early levels were not associated with an increased frequency of rejection episodes. Values of each of these parameters measured during clinical rejection were shown not to be significantly elevated when compared to values determined at identical times post-transplant in recipients who experienced no rejection episodes during the initial 60 days following grafting. Similar comparisons made 3, 2, and 1 week prior to rejection episodes also failed to reveal a significant elevation of any parameter in advance of rejection. Thus, NK-cell, K-cell, and TCTC levels do not appear to be associated with rejection phenomena and are of limited clinical usefulness in monitoring renal allograft recipients.
A calorimetric method to assess endogenous metabolism and its application to the study of bovine sperm

Abstract Calorimetry was used to assess the importance of endogenous metabolism towards total ATP synthesis in bovine sperm in the presence of extracellular glucose. Sperm were incubated in the calorimeter with d -[U-14C]glucose without or with electron transport inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A. Steady-state heat production during the incubation was measured for 30 min, the incubations were terminated, and the cell suspensions removed for analysis of radioactive glucose and its metabolic end-products. Heat production (mean±S.E. associated with the metabolism of glucose was calculated, from enthalpies of formation of glucose and its end-product, as −412±34 mJ/h/108 cells in control incubations and −263±18 mJ/h/108 cells in incubations with electron transport inhibitors. Measured heat production was −455±36 and −263±17 mJ/h/108 cells, respectively. Thus, heat production by endogenous pathways, the difference between measured total heat production and calculated exogenous heat production, was −43±14 mJ/h/108 cells fro control cells and about −6 mJ/h/108 cells for inhibited cells. The ration of heat produced per mol of ATP synthesized is similar for all ATP-producing pathways. Therefore, about 10% of total ATP synthesis in control cells and less than 2% in inhibited cells is provided by endogenous pathways when extracellular glucose is present.
Inverse Design of Solidification Processes

An inverse algorithm is developed for the design of the solidification processing systems. The algorithm entails the use of the Tikhonov regularization method, along with an appropriately selected regularization parameter. Both the direct solution of moving boundary problems and the inverse design formulation are presented, along with the L-curve to select an optimal regularization parameter for inverse design calculations. The design algorithm is applied to determine the appropriate boundary heat flux distribution in order to obtain a unidirectional solidification front in a 2-D cavity by eliminating the effect of natural convection. Inverse calculation is also performed for the case in which the solid-liquid interface is prescribed to vary linearly. The L-curve based regularization method is found to be reasonably accurate for the purpose of designing solidification processing systems.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Posttranscriptional suppression of proto-oncogene c-fms expression by vigilin in breast cancer.

cis-acting elements found in 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) are regulatory signals determining mRNA stability and translational efficiency. By binding a novel non-AU-rich 69-nucleotide (nt) c-fms 3′ UTR sequence, we previously identified HuR as a promoter of c-fms proto-oncogene mRNA. We now identify the 69-nt c-fms mRNA 3′ UTR sequence as a cellular vigilin target through which vigilin inhibits the expression of c-fms mRNA and protein. Altering association of either vigilin or HuR with c-fms mRNA in vivo reciprocally affected mRNA association with the other protein. Mechanistic studies show that vigilin decreased c-fms mRNA stability. Furthermore, vigilin inhibited c-fms translation. Vigilin suppresses while HuR encourages cellular motility and invasion of breast cancer cells. In summary, we identified a competition for binding the 69-nt sequence, through which vigilin and HuR exert opposing effects on c-fms expression, suggesting a role for vigilin in suppression of breast cancer progression.
Determination of Creep Force, Moment, and Work Distribution in Rolling Contact With Slip

Investigators interested in the wear of wheels and rails frequently use a wear model that postulates wear is proportional to the work done in the contact patch. Most investigators compute the work using the rigid body motions of the wheel and the total creepage at the contact patch. Such an approach gives an overall or integrated measure of the wear in the contact patch. In previous wheel/rail wear work, we have assumed the wear to be distributed parabolically across the contact patch. In order to check this assumption and to permit refinement of our wear modeling technique, we desired to know the distribution of work within the contact patch. In order to compute the work distribution within the contact patch, we must be able to compute the distributions of both the creep force and the creepage. This paper describes a method of computing lateral and longitudinal creep force and creep moment distributions within the contact patch for combined rolling and slip conditions. It also describes the computations of creep distributions within the contact patch. The work distribution is computed from the dot product of force and creepage. The method uses Kalker’s simplified theory to determine the force and creepage distributions. The actual computations are made using a modification of Kalker’s program FASTSIM. A by-product of the work is the determination of the adhesion and slip regions for arbitrary creepage conditions.
The Writing Conference as a Locus of Emergent Agency

This article examines writing conference discourse in one English as a Second Language (ESL) basic composition course. The study is based on a 25,000-word corpus of 10 writing conference interactions between the instructor and seven students. Through a microlevel analysis, the authors demonstrate how and to what degree the writing conference can serve as a locus of “emergent agency,” with a particular focus on the second-language writer. The data exhibit patterns in the students’ discourse such that earlier segments in the interactions tend to reflect uncertainty, confusion, negative self-evaluation, and negative other-evaluation. As the sessions progress, the authors note shifts in stance whereby students begin to propose candidate solutions to actual or perceived problems and evince more authorial direction. The authors demonstrate that the practice can serve as an effective pedagogical activity in which novice writers learn to navigate through challenges and obstacles associated with university-level r...
Efficacy and Safety of Single-Agent Pertuzumab (rhuMAb 2C4), a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dimerization Inhibitor, in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer After Progression From Taxane-Based Therapy

Purpose Pertuzumab represents a new class of targeted anticancer agents, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) dimerization inhibitors. The aim of this single-arm phase II clinical study was to assess the efficacy and safety of single-agent pertuzumab in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who had experienced progression after prior chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Patients received pertuzumab every 3 weeks. All castration-resistant patients had experienced progression after at least one taxane-based regimen. Patients received a loading dose of 840 mg pertuzumab (cycle 1) followed by 420 mg for subsequent cycles. The primary end point was overall response and safety. A separate retrospective analysis of actual survival time versus predicted survival time for a patient population with comparable prognostic features was performed. Results Patients were enrolled (N = 42) and treated (n = 41). No patients had complete or partial response (as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in...
Prospective Study of Diet and Ovarian Cancer

Evidence on dietary risk factors for ovarian cancer is inconsistent, but some studies have suggested positive associations with dietary fat, lactose, and cholesterol and negative associations with green and yellow vegetable intake. By using information from the Iowa Women's Health Study, the authors investigated the association of epithelial ovarian cancer with dietary factors in a prospective study of 29,083 postmenopausal women. Dietary information was ascertained via a food frequency questionnaire mailed to participants in 1986. During 10 years of follow-up (1986-1995), 139 of the women developed incident epithelial ovarian cancer. Incidence of the disease was not associated with dietary fat intake. Lactose and cholesterol showed moderately elevated risks. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks for the lowest to highest quartiles of lactose intake were 1.00, 1.38, 1.25, and 1.60 (p for trend = 0.12). For cholesterol, the corresponding values were 1.00, 1.34, 1.86, and 1.55 (p for trend = 0.06). Consumption of eggs was also associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks for increasing frequency of egg consumption were 1.00 ( 4/week) (p for trend = 0.04). Total vegetable intake was modestly and inversely associated with the risk of ovarian cancer (p for trend = 0.21). Green leafy vegetable intake was more strongly associated with a decreased risk: multivariable-adjusted relative risks for the lowest to highest intake levels were 1.00, 0.80, 0.87, and 0.44 (p = 0.01). These findings are generally in agreement with the results from previous, mostly case-control studies of diet and epithelial ovarian cancer.
Runners' Cognitive Strategies and Motivations: Absorption, Fantasy Style, and Dissociative Experiences:

Numerous studies have investigated the relationship of attentional focus during running to performance and training variables, including, endurance, injuries, speed, and perception of pain. However, no research has investigated the relation between runners' cognitive strategies during running and their day-to-day dissociative experiences. We investigated the relation among attentional focus during running, motives for running, and absorption, imaginal processing, and dissociative experiences. Runners reported focusing more on external stimuli during training when compared to racing. Runners who endorsed psychological motives for running (e.g., to get away from it all, to solve problems, to distract self from daily worries) were more likely to endorse dissociative experiences on the Bliss dissociation scale. Attentional focus during running was not correlated with absorption, imaginal processing, and dissociative experiences.
Privacy-preserving data publishing

Data publishing has generated much concern on individual privacy. Recent work has focused on different background knowledge and their various threats to the privacy of published data. However, there still exist a few types of adversary knowledge waiting to be investigated. In this paper, I explain my research on privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) by using full functional dependencies (FFDs) as part of adversary knowledge. I also briefly explain my research plan.
A prospective, randomized, comparative trial evaluating respiratory depression during patient-controlled versus anesthesiologist-administered propofol-remifentanil sedation for elective colonoscopy.

Background Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with propofol-remifentanil (PR) is associated with rapid sedation and recovery, but it is associated with a greater requirement for airway rescue than PCS with midazolam-fentanyl. Objective To demonstrate that respiratory depression associated with PR is more frequent during anesthesiologist-administered sedation (AAS) than during PCS. Design Prospective, randomized, open-label study. Setting Academic medical center. Patients Fifty patients undergoing elective colonoscopy. Intervention PCS or AAS using PR. All patients breathed 100% oxygen via an anesthesia mask with continuous spirometry and bispectral index (BIS). Main Outcome Measurements Respiratory rate and BIS. Results Colonoscopy was completed in all patients. No patient under PCS required airway rescue. Five patients under AAS required bag-mask ventilation to resolve Sao 2 (arterial oxygen saturation) less than 90% lasting longer than 30 seconds. The median BIS for the AAS group was 71.7 (range 61.06-82.34) and 88.1 (range 83.15-93.05) for the PCS group. Median respiratory rates were 5.97 (range 1.21–10.73) breaths per minute for AAS and 13.19 (range 9.54–16.84) for PCS. Respiratory rates less than 2 breaths per minute composed 28% of the procedure time for AAS, but only 5% for PCS. Patients under PCS had lower median predicted effect site concentrations for PR, but were able to achieve brief peak levels exceeding those with AAS. These differences were significant ( P Limitations Potential for bias with AAS. Conclusions Patients undergoing colonoscopy with PR are significantly more likely to require intervention for hypoventilation compared with PCS. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT00868920 .)
Closing the Major Gap in PNES Research Finding a Home for a Borderland Disorder

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are events commonly encountered by primary care physicians, neurologists, pediatricians, and emergency medicine physicians in their practices, yet there continues to be significant variability in the way they are evaluated, diagnosed, and treated. Lack of understanding this condition and limited data on long-term outcome from current treatment paradigms have resulted in an environment with iatrogenic injury, morbidity, and significant costs to the patient and healthcare system. This article will review the current state of research addressing PNES treatment both in the adult and pediatric populations.
Moral Convictions Often Override Concerns About Procedural Fairness: A Reply to Napier and Tyler

Napier and Tyler (this issue) question whether moral convictions about outcomes really override the influence of procedural fairness (PF) on fairness judgments and decision acceptance. The empirical answer to this question is “yes.” When people have strong moral convictions about outcomes, perceptions of outcome fairness and decision acceptance are primarily shaped by whether the morally “correct” outcomes are achieved. Pre-decision perceptions of PF have surprisingly little or no effect on these judgments. That said, pre-outcome perceptions of PF sometimes predict post-outcome perceptions of PF, even when people have morally vested outcome preferences. We provide further details supporting the validity and superiority of our data analytic approach and argue that our original conclusions were justified.
A stimulus to define informatics and health information technology.

Background: Despite the growing interest by leaders, policy makers, and others, the terminology of health information technology as well as biomedical and health informatics is poorly understood and not even agreed upon by academics and professionals in the field. Discussion: The paper, presented as a Debate to encourage further discussion and disagreement, provides definitions of the major terminology used in biomedical and health informatics and health information technology. For informatics, it focuses on the words that modify the term as well as individuals who practice the discipline. Other categories of related terms are covered as well, from the associated disciplines of computer science, information technolog and health information management to the major application categories of applications used. The discussion closes with a classification of individuals who work in the largest segment of the field, namely clinical informatics. Summary: The goal of presenting in Debate format is to provide a starting point for discussion to reach a documented consensus on the definition and use of these terms.
Parenting Styles and Youth Well-Being Across Immigrant Generations:

This study examines generational patterns of parenting styles, the relationships between parenting styles and adolescent well-being among youth of Mexican origin, and the role of generational parenting style patterns in explaining generational patterns in youth behavior (delinquency and alcohol problems) and psychological well-being (depression and self-esteem). This study uses two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The proportion of teens with permissive parents increased with generation; other parenting styles declined. The rate of youth with behavioral problems increased with generation. Self-esteem improved with generation; depression scores did not. Bivariate generational patterns of behavioral and psychological outcomes are a function of the patterns seen for youth with permissive parents, coupled with the increase in the proportion of permissive parents with each successive generation. In contrast, these outcomes did not worsen with generation for ...
Enrichment experiences in engineering (E 3 ) for teachers summer research program: an NSF RET site

With funding from NSF, faculty from the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University have developed an outreach program aimed at providing secondary math and science teachers with research experiences with faculty researchers. The overall mission of the project is to excite, empower, and educate teachers about engineering so they in turn will excite, empower, and educate students they come in contact with each day. E3 recruits teachers from the Houston Independent School district and several ISDs in South Texas, targeting schools with a large number of minority and economically disadvantaged students. Over the past five years, the program has hosted over 70 teachers. These teachers come from schools with at least an 80% ethnic minority student population.
Taking it higher: the spirituality of sensuality in funk performance

Funk music, which emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s as a distinct genre, sonically emphasizes rhythm and timbral heterogeneity. Politically and culturally, it addresses issues of equality and racial identity. However, because of the emphasis on rhythm and the kinetic movement of dancing bodies that funk inspires, it is frequently considered secular and sexualized, placing it in opposition to ‘sacred’ music. In this paper, I argue that funk offers an alternative framework that I call the spirituality of sensuality that bypasses the sacred/secular dichotomy. Funk does so by participating in the Afrodiasporic traditions where the concept of spirituality is embedded in and articulated through musical performance. Thus, rather than the either/or polarity that the sacred/secular divide creates, this paper demonstrates how funk expresses spirituality through the sensuousness of the sonic material.
On a proof-theoretical analysis of Σ11-AC, Σ11-DC and Δ11-CA

We present a simple method of embedding of δ 1 1 -CA, σ 1 1 -AC and σ 1 1 -DC into \(RA_{\varepsilon _0 } ,(RA + PAC)_{\varepsilon _0 }\), and \((RA + PDC)_{\varepsilon _0 }\) respectively, where PAC is Predicative Axiom of Choice and PDC is Predicative Axiom of Dependent Choice, These ramified systems are known to have proof-theoretic ordinals Φe00, which in the case of PAC and PDC can be proved by normalization of Ramified Analysis with Hilbert's epsilon-symbol. In all cases (particularly, of δ 1 1 -CA) our embedding is straightforward and avoids any intermediate steps (like σ 1 1 -Reflection), which was always the case before.
Sleep deprivation decreases striatal D2R availability without increasing dopamine

196 Objectives Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) are involved with wakefulness and we had shown that in controls sleep deprivation (SD) reduced striatal D2R availability but could not determine if this reflected dopamine increases or receptor downregulation. To evaluate this we compared dopamine increases induced by methylphenidate (MP) during SD and after rested wakefulness (RW) and reasoned that since MP blocks dopamine transporters, its dopamine enhancing effects would be greater, if indeed, dopamine was increased with SD. Methods We scanned 20 controls with [11C]raclopride after placebo and after MP (40 mg po), after RW and after one night of SD. Non-specific binding potential (BPND) was used to quantify D2R availability. Results BPND in ventral striatum (VS) was decreased by SD (2.80 ±.37) as compared to RW (2.95 ±.37; p Conclusions These findings are consistent with a downregulation of D2R in VS with SD that may contribute to the decreases in wakefulness that occur with SD. Research Support Research supported by NIH’s Intramural Research Program (NIAAA) and by DOE (DE-AC01-76CH00016)