cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—PHYSIOLOGY: The Labial Photoplethysmograph: A New Instrument for Assessing Genital Hemodynamic Changes in Women

ABSTRACT Aim The labial photoplethysmograph (LP), a new measure for assessing genital responses in women, was compared to the vaginal photoplethysmograph (VP). Methods Fifteen women wore both devices simultaneously while viewing neutral, sexual, sexually‐threatening, and threatening film clips. Results The LP and VP exhibited comparable specificity to sexual stimuli. Additionally, the LP demonstrated greater resistance to movement artifacts and a slightly higher correspondence with subjective measures of sexual arousal. Conclusion The LP, while somewhat more difficult to place and less comfortable than the VP, is a promising new measure of genital response in women that warrants further development.
Medical and surgical management of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

A definitive program for the medical and surgical management of anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery is proposed based on experience with 10 infants and children with this diagnosis seen at Texas Children9s Hospital. The 10 patients have been evaluated by history, physical examination, electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, cardiac catheterization, and selective angiocardiography. Although the mortality is reported to be 80% in patients with evidence of infarction, symptoms in infancy, and absence of a systolic-diastolic murmur, a more encouraging mortality of only 20% was found in this study. Medical management of the congestive heart failure is the only treatment so far offered to three patients. Three early patients have had ligation of the left coronary artery; two of these patients died postoperatively. Four recent patients have had definitive surgical correction of the anomaly by separation of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and anastomosis to the aorta. All of these patients have survived, and three have postoperative angiographic demonstration of a functioning two-coronary artery system. Because definitive surgical therapy is now possible, the authors feel that medical management until an age suitable for graft anastomosis of the anomalous vessel to the aorta is the treatment of choice with the lowest mortality in infancy and childhood and the most satisfactory long-term outlook.
The metal coordination of sCD39 during ATP hydrolysis

The hydrolysis of ATP and ADP by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) requires divalent cations, like Ca2+ and Mg2+. In spite of considerable work, it is not clear whether divalent cations bind to the enzyme in the absence of nucleotide or only as nucleotide-Me+2 complex. Here we study the protein ligands for Me+2. When VO2+ was used as a substitute for Ca2+, the ATPase activity of soluble CD39 was 25% of that with Ca2+ as cofactor. Protein ligands of the VO2+-nucleotide complex bound to the catalytic site of soluble CD39 were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectrum contained one species designated T with VO2+-AMPPNP as ligand. Two species D1 and D2 were observed when VO2+-AMPCP was bound to soluble CD39. The results suggest that species D1 and D2 represent the metal-ADP complexes at the catalytic site of soluble CD39 corresponding to the intermediate formed during ATP hydrolysis and the substrate for further hydrolysis, respectively. VO2+ can functionally substitute for Ca2+ as a cofactor of sCD39, and it produces four different EPR features when bound in the presence of different nucleotides or in the absence of nucleotide. The metal coordination for each conformation corresponding to each EPR species is proposed, and the mechanism of sCD39 catalysis is discussed.
Internal dynamics of IGBT under fault current limiting gate control

With the advent of high power high voltage IGBTs, it is feasible to use sophisticated gate drive circuits to obtain improved switching performance and ruggedness. Short-circuit and over-current fault protections are critical issues in gate drive circuits for high power converters. This paper evaluates the effect of gate control to limit the fault current in an IGBT in terms of its internal dynamics. The internal dynamics are analyzed using a two-dimensional device simulator. The effects of short-circuit and over-current faults in an IGBT power converter are studied by examining the fault characteristics over a range of fault inductance values. This study highlights the advantages of reduced fault current level, reduced power dissipation, and improved ruggedness that can be gained by the fault current limiting gate protection techniques. The simulation studies match trends observed in experimental results.
Design and Application of Virtual Instrument Detection System for Aerodynamic Instrument

Aerodynamic instruments are widely used in various kinds of industrial equipment, which have many types and complex structure. The traditional instrument detection methods require replacing a variety of testing equipment frequently. Their testing efficiencies are low and the testing equipments are hard to be integrated together. Virtual instrument technology is a hot detection technology in recent years with high detection accuracy and integration, which has a good solution to the problems of traditional detection methods. First of all, this paper introduces an overall design scheme for the virtual detection system. Secondly, for properties of longer response time, overshoot, and difficulties in establishing precise mathematical model of the pneumatic control system, this paper uses fuzzy PID control method to control the pneumatic output pressure. Finally, the virtual detection system is realized based on LabVIEW software platform. This system is applied to the detection of fixed-wing aircraft aerodynamic instrument, and has satisfactory results.
Spectroscopic studies of nickel-deficient carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum: nature of the iron-sulfur clusters.

Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Rhodospirillum rubrum utilizes three types of Fe-S clusters to catalyze the reversible oxidation of CO to CO2: a novel [Ni4Fe5S] active site (C cluster) and two distinct [4Fe4S] electron-transfer sites (B and D clusters). While recent X-ray data show the geometric arrangement of the five metal centers at the C cluster, electronic structures of the various [Ni4Fe5S] oxidation states remain ambiguous. These studies report magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), variable temperature, variable field MCD (VTVH MCD), and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopic properties of the Fe-S clusters contained in Ni-deficient CODH. Essentially homogeneous sample preparations aided in the resolution of the reduced [4Fe4S]1+ (S = 1/2) B cluster and the reduced Ni-deficient C cluster (denoted C*, S > 1/2) by MCD. The three Fe atoms derived from the [Ni3Fe4S] cubane component appear to dominate the reduced C* cluster MCD spectrum, while the presence of a fourth Fe center can be inferred from...
Deiodination of thyroxine by heat-killed rat kidney cortex.

When viable slices of rat kidney cortex were incubated with a thyroxinecontaining medium, there was a rapid uptake of 55% of the thyroxine and production of inorganic iodide. Although similar slices heated for 10 minutes at 1000 C prior to the incubation did not consume oxygen, there was still a rapid “uptake” of 50%of the added thyroxine, and considerable production of iodide. Incubation of heat-killed kidney slices for 3 days at 50 C resulted in twice as much deiodination of added thyroxine as was carried out by living tissue under the same circumstances. When tetraiodothyroacetic acid or 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was substituted for thyroxine, deiodination was also noted with the killed tissue, although no more extensive than with the viable.
Thermochemical investigations of hydrogen-bonded solutions. Part 10. Development of expression for predicting excess enthalpies of ternary two alcohol + inert hydrocarbon systems based upon mobile order theory

The unconventional solution model of mobile order theory, which has previously been shown to provide a very accurate thermodynamic description of anthracene and pyrene solubilities and chemical potentials in binary alcohol + alcohol solvent mixtures, is extended to other thermodynamic excess functions. An expression is derived for predicting excess molar enthalpies of ternary inert hydrocarbon + two alcohol systems from measured binary data. Applications and limitations of the newly derived predictive expression are assessed using published enthalpy data for 11 ternary alkane + 1-alcohol + 1-alcohol systems.
Shared and unique contributions of anger, anxiety, and depression to coronary heart disease: a prospective study in the normative aging study.

Background: Anger, anxiety, and depression have each been identified as risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Whether the apparent risk is a function of unique aspects of each emotion or due to a shared underlying dimension of negative affectivity is unclear.Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess shared and unique contributions of anger, anxiety, and depression to incidentCHD. Methods: Data are from the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study, an ongoing cohort of older men. Measures of anger, anxiety, and depression were obtained from 1,306 men completing the revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in 1986. From these measures we derived three nearorthogonal scales termed iso(lated)-anger, iso-anxiety, and iso-depression and a fourth scale measuring general distress.Results: During an average of 10.9 years of follow-up, 161 cases of incident CHD occurred. When considered individually, iso-anxiety, iso-anger, and shared general distress were each associated with CHD risk. When all emotions were considered simultaneously, only iso-anxiety and shared general distress were associated with incidentCHD. Conclusions: Considering shared versus unique aspects of negative emotions may clarify the nature of their apparent toxicity in relation toCHDsrisk. General distress shared across negative emotions is an important component in the emotionCHD relation. Aspects of anxiety may also independently increaseCHD risk.
EPR evidence of the self-interstitials in neutron-irradiated silicon

Abstract Detailed studies on SiP6 spectrum show that the spectrum has an unusual g-tensor symmetry (monoclinic II) and a large stress alignment (n⊥/n‖ = 17). A number of defect models for this spectrum were considered; two (〈100〉 split-interstitial and 〈100〉 di-interstitial) are briefly discussed here. The 〈100〉 di-interstitial is the preferred model.
Molecular Imaging of Protein and RNA Biomarkers in Retinal Vascular Disease

Approaches for imaging disease biomarkers in the retina are needed to improve early detection, monitoring of disease progression, and assessment of therapeutic response. We will discuss our recent efforts toward in vivo imaging of protein, messenger RNA (mRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in animal models of retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascularization.
The Influence of Physical Activity, Socioeconomic Status, and Ethnicity on the Weight Status of Adolescents

AbstractMCMURRAY, ROBERT G., JOANNE S. HARRELL,SHIBING DENG, CHYRISE B. BRADLEY, LORI M.COX, AND SHRIKANT I. BANGDIWALA. The influenceof physical activity, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity onthe weight status of adolescents. Obes Res. 2000;8:130–139.Objective: This study examined the effects of physicalactivity, television viewing, video game play, socioeco-nomic status (SES), and ethnicity on body massindex (BMI).Research Methods and Procedures: The sample was 2389adolescents, 10 to 16 years of age (12.7 6 1.0 years); 1240(52%) females and 1149 (48%) males; 77% white and 23%African American; from rural (77%) and urban (23%) set-tings. BMI and skinfolds were directly assessed. All otherdata were obtained from questionnaires.Results: Watching television on non-school days was re-lated to being overweight (p , 0.005). However, when BMIanalyses were adjusted for ethnicity and SES, there were nosignificant effects of television viewing on BMI (p .0.061). Increased hours of video game play enhanced therisk of being overweight for both genders when analyseswere adjusted for ethnicity and SES (p , 0.019). In males,participation in as little as one high-intensity physical ac-tivity 3 to 5 days a week decreased the ethnic- and SES-adjusted relative risk of being overweight (RR 5 0.646; CI:0.427 to 0.977). For females, the ethnic- and SES-adjustedrelative risk for being overweight was not significantlyaltered by physical activity. The logistic analyses furtherindicated the influence of low SES and African Americanethnicity overshadowed any direct effect of televisionor videos.Discussion: Because weight status of male adolescents ap-pears to be more related to exercise habits than to televisionor video game habits, increased participation in high-inten-sity exercise appears to be important. For females, neithervideos nor exercise habits appear to be related to risk ofbeing overweight. However, ethnicity and SES may beimportant factors that can influence body weight status,while television viewing may be of some importance. Thus,programs to reduce obesity in female adolescent shouldfocus their efforts in lower SES communities.Key words: television, video games, body mass index,adolescents
Reaction π + + d → p + p at 65 to 140 MeV

Differential cross sections for the reaction ..pi../sup +/+d..-->..p+p were measured for pion laboratory energies of 65, 72.5, 80, 95, 110, 125, and 140 MeV. The integrated cross sections for these energies were found to be 7.51 +- 0.19, 7.91 +- 0.16, 8.64 +- 0.15, 9.61 +- 0.15, 11.3 +- 0.2, 11.7 +- 0.3, and 11.3 +- 0.3 mb, respectively. These values indicate that the centroid and width of the energy dependence for the resonance in this reaction is lower and greater, respectively, than predicted by most theoretical models of the process. Comparisons made with predictions by Blankleider and Afnan show a qualitative difference between experimental measurements and calculations of the P/sub 4/(costheta) term in the polynomial expansion of the differential cross section. This may indicate a more important role for rho-like exchange in the reaction mechanism than that included by the calculations.
Toward a Neurobiology of Attachment

Although much has been written about the psychological aspects of attachment, still relatively little is known about how the brain organizes this complex behavior or how attachment alters brain organization. Recent research has suggested that neuropeptides may be important as neural modulators for several complex behaviors. This review examines the research on one specific neuropeptide, oxytocin, to describe approaches to the neurobiology of attachment at several levels, including molecular, cellular, and whole animal studies. A key to understanding oxytocin's role in behavior is a careful analysis of the pattern of oxytocin receptors in the brain. The available data support the hypothesis that oxytocin is critical for maternal behavior and pair-bond formation in select nonhuman animals. Humans have oxytocin and brain oxytocin receptors, but the role of this neuropeptide system in human attachment remains highly speculative.
Mouse model of Noonan syndrome reveals cell type– and gene dosage–dependent effects of Ptpn11 mutation

Noonan syndrome is a common human autosomal dominant birth defect, characterized by short stature, facial abnormalities, heart defects and possibly increased risk of leukemia. Mutations of Ptpn11 (also known as Shp2), which encodes the protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp2, occur in approximately 50% of individuals with Noonan syndrome, but their molecular, cellular and developmental effects, and the relationship between Noonan syndrome and leukemia, are unclear. We generated mice expressing the Noonan syndrome-associated mutant D61G. When homozygous, the D61G mutant is embryonic lethal, whereas heterozygotes have decreased viability. Surviving Ptpn11(D61G/+) embryos ( approximately 50%) have short stature, craniofacial abnormalities similar to those in Noonan syndrome, and myeloproliferative disease. Severely affected Ptpn11(D61G/+) embryos ( approximately 50%) have multiple cardiac defects similar to those in mice lacking the Ras-GAP protein neurofibromin. Their endocardial cushions have increased Erk activation, but Erk hyperactivation is cell and pathway specific. Our results clarify the relationship between Noonan syndrome and leukemia and show that a single Ptpn11 gain-of-function mutation evokes all major features of Noonan syndrome by acting on multiple developmental lineages in a gene dosage-dependent and pathway-selective manner.
Involvement of serotonin in depression: evidence from postmortem and imaging studies of serotonin receptors and the serotonin transporter

Definitive conclusions on the role of serotonin receptors and transporter in suicide and depression have been elusive in studies of postmortem brain tissue. A number of methodological differences in these studies have made it difficult to reach a consensus, but crucial issues are being identified and incorporated into newer studies. This review will follow the evolution of serotonin receptor and transporter studies in postmortem tissues that initially focused on suicide and gradually incorporated depressive disorders as psychiatric assessments were increasingly performed. Studies in postmortem tissues on the serotonin-1A and serotonin-2A receptors and the serotonin transporter will be reviewed and compared with imaging studies of the same sites in depressed subjects. Critical issues to control in future studies of serotonin receptors in postmortem tissues include variables such as the cause of death (i.e. suicide), the specific psychiatric diagnoses of the subjects, whether the disorder was in remission at the time of death, long-term medication histories, psychoactive substance use disorders, the smoking history, the hemisphere from which tissues were dissected, and the specific cytoarchitectonic region to be evaluated. Carefully controlled studies in postmortem tissues will ensure a greater likelihood of reaching a consensus on the involvement of monoamine measures in the etiology of depression.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Liquid CdTe and GaAs: Semiconducting versus Metallic Behavior

All semiconductors of group IV, such as silicon, and III-V materials, such as gallium arsenide, assume metallic behavior when melted. This is in contrast to some II-VI semiconductors such as CdTe which retain their semiconducting behavior in both the liquid and the solid state. In order to understand this difference, we have performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of liquid GaAs and CdTe. Using the Kubo-Greenwood formalism, we predict the conductivity of both liquids and confirm the differences observed experimentally. We relate the conductivity differences between II-VI and III-V semiconductors to strong structural differences occurring within the melt.
REACTIONS OF URANIUM MONONITRIDE, THORIUM MONOCARBIDE, AND URANIUM MONOCARBIDE WITH NITRIC ACID AND OTHER AQUEOUS REAGENTS.

Abstract Uranium mononitride was inert at 80° in water, 3–12 M HCl, 1 M H 2 SO 4 , 1 M NaOH, 1 M NaNO 3 , and 5 M NH 4 NO 3 ; however, it did react in 1–2·5 M Al(NO 3 ) 3 . The nitride reacted with 0·5–15·8 M HNO 3 to give gaseous mixtures of N 2 , N 2 O, NO, and NO 2 (NO 2 was produced only when the acid concentration was 6 M or higher). In reactions of thorium monocarbide with 0·1 to 1 M HNO 3 at 90°, both hydrolysis (yielding mainly methane) and oxidation (yielding CO 2 , N 2 , and nitrogen oxides) of the carbide took place; at higher HNO 3 concentrations, only oxidation occurred. The principal reaction of UC or ThC with 4 and 6 M NH 4 F at 80° was:
Fluid-Particle Interactions and Resuspension in Simple Shear Flow

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the particle resuspension process in a two-dimensional simple shear flow. At first, the lift force on a single disk-shaped particle attached at the channel wall is computed. It is found that when the particle is allowed to freely move in the viscous fluid, the resulting lift force is smaller than that when the particle is constrained to be stationary. The bulk properties of fluids with particles suspended under various concentrations are numerically calculated. The results agree reasonably well with analytical results by Batchelor when the volume fraction is lower than 50%. The resuspension process of a group of particles (up to 500) is simulated at different particle-to-fluid density ratios. It is found that the height and shape of particle bed depend on the particle density ratio and flow conditions. Interactions of groups of particles as well as the final shape of the bedform of the particles were studied during this resuspension process. Finally, the pressure distribution and flow above the bedform of particles was examined. The results obtained agree well with those observed in naturally occurring bedforms of sediments.
Effect of age on serum immunoglobulin G subclass antibody responses to inactivated influenza virus vaccine

We previously reported an age-associated impairment of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to inactivated influenza virus vaccine. The present study extends these observations by examining the IgG subclass distribution of vaccine responses measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in healthy adults aged or = 65 (elderly) years. Serological responses in all age groups showed antibodies that were predominantly IgG1 and secondarily IgG3. Influenza antigen-specific IgG4 titers did not change following vaccination, and antibodies of the IgG2 subclass were not detected in any serum specimens. Aging was associated with a significant impairment of IgG1, but not of IgG3, antibody production. Relative differences in the magnitude and frequency of response between IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, which were present in young and middle-aged adults (viz., IgG1 > IgG3), were less apparent in the elderly. This observation was confirmed in a second analysis of IgG subclass-specific responses in a separate cohort of elderly vaccinees. These results suggest that the age-related impairment of humoral responses to inactivated influenza virus vaccine is primarily accounted for by differences in IgG1 antibody production, and that IgG3 antibodies make up a larger proportion of the overall serologic response in the elderly than they do in younger persons.
The General Content of Postinoculation Talk: Recalled Issue-Specific Conversations Following Inoculation Treatments

For much of inoculation theory's 50-year history, research has focused on intrapersonal processes of resistance such as threat and subvocal counterarguing. More recently, attention has shifted to interpersonal processes of inoculation-conferred resistance, specifically, postinoculation talk (PIT). This study examined the substance of PIT, and how people may talk to one another for reassurance and advocacy following an inoculation. Findings indicate advocacy attempts were significantly greater within the inoculation condition. Those inoculated were more likely to a) pass along material included in the inoculation treatment, b) share issue-relevant novel material, c) talk about topics related to the target issue, and d) be challenged by conversational partners when attempting advocacy. Results help explain what inoculated individuals talk about following an inoculation treatment, and how PIT may spread the process of resistance along social networks.
Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for biological control in the urban landscape

Abstract Urban and suburban residents have more contact with the landscape environment than with any other exterior environment. They place high value on the aesthetic quality of the urban landscape and express significant concerns about managing insect herbivores that damage trees and shrubs. A comprehensive survey was initiated to assess the preference of urban residents for three pest management approaches (chemical pesticide, biorational insecticide, or introduction of a specific natural enemy) to control an introduced urban forest pest. Potential survey participants were initially contacted by telephone. Those agreeing to be interviewed were provided with written background information on the pest, the control options, and given one of 48 different cost and program attribute scenarios for implementation of the three approaches. They were contacted a second time by telephone for a final survey that asked them whether they were willing to pay the annual cost for the program attributes stated in their survey. Release of natural enemies was the overwhelming first choice among control options and application of chemical insecticides was least favored. When the price of all options was low, the respondents preferred the biological control option. As prices for all options rose, the chemical and bacterial options increased in preference, but when prices became high, preferences shifted again to the natural enemy option. The social characteristics of respondents favoring the different options were also examined in a contingent valuation analysis. From the survey, it was possible to calculate a respondent’s annual willingness to pay $485 for the natural enemy option, $131 for the bacterial spray option, and $23 for the chemical pesticide option. The results suggest that it may be possible to generate social and financial support from urban residents for introduction/classical biological control programs for landscape insect pests.
Ectopic supraceliac renal artery take-off: imaging with digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography.

3 F r e present a rare case of an ectopic main renal artery originating above the celiac axis. A 42-year-old man presented with back pain nd microscopic hematuria. Imaging with computed toography and angiographic vascular mapping demontrated a 4 2-cm angiomyolipoma (Fig. 1) in the left idney, with an ectopic main right renal artery arising at he level of the T11-T12 interspace (Figs. 2 and 3). The normal renal blood supply consists of a single enal artery originating at the level of the first lumbar ertebrae.1 Variations occur as anomalies of number and ocation. Accessory vessels are identified in more than 0% of patients.1 Ectopic main renal arteries occur unommonly, usually arising from the caudal abdominal orta or iliac arteries.1,2 This case illustrates the limitations of classic vascular andmarks in guiding surgical approaches to the kidney. recise vascular mapping can be obtained by computed omography angiography using reconstructed images from ultidetector row scanners. Computed tomography aniography offers 90% to 100% accuracy in defining the enal arterial anatomy.3 Given the considerable variabil-
The Forward Vertex upgrade detector for PHENIX

The PHENIX detector at RHIC has been built with a strong heavy quark particles identification capability. These unique probes of matter are essential to adequately understand in-medium energy loss and to test the basic properties of QCD. The current PHENIX heavy flavor physics program will be significantly enhanced by the addition of the Forward Silicon Vertex upgrade detector (FVTX) in the acceptance of the existing muon arm detectors (1.2<|y|<2.4). The proposed tracker is planned to be put into operation in FY2011. Each arm of the FVTX detector consists of 4 disks of silicon strip sensors combined with FPHX readout chips and provides a precision measurement of the radial coordinate of the track. The current status of the detector design and construction and expectations for the physics signal extraction will be presented.
On Finding a Balance

309 THIS PAPER WILL BE PUBLISHED within months of my thirtieth anniversary of becoming a nurse, which occurred in May 1977. That event also coincides with my thirtieth wedding anniversary. I begin with this observation to say that pioneering or enduring a professional commitment to palliative care for me has only been possible because I have been committed to a balanced personal life that sooths, comforts, and nourishes my daily being. My career began as a nurse on an oncology unit in Oklahoma. After 3 years in that setting I moved into home care and hospice. During my years in the inpatient setting I was drawn to the care of patients in pain and to dying patients. At the same time I left the hospital setting, I also returned to school for a master’s degree to become a clinical nurse specialist so that I could impact the care I increasingly saw as inadequate to meet the needs of dying patients and those in pain. In the process of pursuing this clinical goal I was forced to take a research course. My research paper lead me to work alongside many hospice pioneers who were using compounded medications like Brompton’s solution and also introducing opioids like oral morphine to alleviate the suffering of patients dying at home. What I discovered as I learned basic research skills was that contrary to commonly held beliefs, research was not the irrelevant, purely academic, sterile pursuit of data. Rather, research could change practice, and most importantly, it could improve care of patients. I continued working in hospice and began doctoral studies, commuting 180 miles each way from my home in Oklahoma to what was at the time one of only 24 doctorate programs in nursing in the United States. Our daughter was a preschooler during these years and she grew up believing that all mothers left the state once per week.! Of course, I waited until I graduated to explain to her that was not quite true. After completing my doctorate in 1984, I pursued the “usual” course and ventured into academia as a nursing faculty member, but soon realized that my primary love was research. Having relocated to California (kicking and screaming) so that my husband could pursue a geriatric medicine fellowship, I found a rare opportunity for a full-time research position at the City of Hope National Medical Center. I have been at City of Hope as a Research Scientist for 18 years. Being a researcher in a clinical setting has been an experience rich in opportunities for collaboration. It is also challenging to pursue the work of palliative care in a very intense setting whose mission promotes cure and survival often over comfort and quality of life. I
Behavioral Approaches to Childhood Disorders Review and Critique

This article presents a survey of the child behavior therapy literature, drawing upon reviews and outcome studies published in the past five years. A number of criticisms are made. Child behavior therapy research needs to acquire a greater developmental focus, conduct more complex functional analyses, place greater emphasis on assessment and description of subjects, and employ more consistent use of adequate designs and procedures. Recent work, nonetheless, reflects greater methodological and conceptual sophistication than was found in earlier reviews.
Discovery of non-A, non-B hepatitis and identification of its etiology

The discovery of hepatitis C was the direct result of the landmark discoveries of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) and their serologies. Screening tests for HAV and HBV made it possible in the mid-1970s to examine cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis (TAH) and to demonstrate that only approximately 25% resulted from HBV and that none were related to HAV. Consequently, approximately 75% of TAH became classified as non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). Subsequently, chimpanzee studies demonstrated that NANBH was a result of a transmissible agent Although it has been difficult to convince clinicians that NANBH was a serious disease because the overt manifestations are generally mild, it gradually became apparent that the NANBH agent often resulted in chronic hepatitis and sometimes evolved into cirrhosis. The NANBH agent remained a virologic enigma for the next decade until researchers at the Chiron Corporation used an ambitious molecular approach on large volumes of high-titer infectious chimpanzee plasma from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). They extracted RNA, cloned it into an expression vector, and screened the expressed product with presumed immune sera. A single positive clone was found in the millions screened, and, within a year, the entire genome was sequenced and the agent was identified as a novel flavivirus--the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Retrospective analysis of pedigreed samples at the National Institute of Health (NIH) showed that 70% to 90% of NANBH cases were HCV related. The impact of HCV blood donor screening has been enormous. The single-antigen first-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-1) prevented 40,000 HCV infections within the first year, and the second-generation assay (EIA-2) has actually reduced new transfusion-related HCV infections to almost zero.
Grading of qualitative and quantitative responses in the PI proficiency survey of the College of American Pathologists for mailings in 1997–2000

Abstract The PI Survey offered jointly by the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) provides biological samples for proficiency testing that mirror paternity casework samples. A grading scheme providing for three levels of performance (good, acceptable, and unacceptable) has been developed for responses provided by subscribers. Reported here is a review of the performance of participants using RFLP and PCR/STR methods for the 1997–2000 period. In general, laboratories reporting phenotypes and paternity index values using RFLP methods exhibited a fairly constant rate of unacceptable responses over the 4-year period. In contrast, laboratories using PCR/STR systems improved dramatically in the frequency of unacceptable responses (an average of 3.5% for mailings in 1997 vs. 0.7% for mailings in 2000). A comparison of unacceptable responses for RFLP and PCR/STR methods over the 4-year period shows that whereas phenotype designations for PCR/STR systems is better than for RFLP systems, the opposite is true for reported paternity index values.
Health Status of and Access to Health Services by Residents of Urban Encampments in Los Angeles

This paper reports findings from a survey of 134 homeless people living in 42 urban encampments in central Los Angeles. These data, of concern to public health officials, include the physical conditions in the camps, the health status of residents, their use of drugs and alcohol, and their access to and use of health care services such as substance abuse treatment. Many encampment residents report poor health status; over 30 percent report chronic illnesses, and 40 percent report a substance abuse problem. Although outreach efforts have had success in bringing HIV and tuberculosis screening services to encampments, residents report significant barriers to using primary health care and drug and alcohol treatment services. Public hospitals and clinics remain the major source of primary medical care for homeless people living in encampments. Outreach and case management continue to be critical components of improved access to health care for homeless people.
INTERVIEW MODE EFFECTS IN SURVEYS OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE: A FIELD EXPERIMENT

This research explores the impact of interview mode on respondents' willingness to reveal illicit or undesirable behav- ior and mechanisms by which interview mode influences re- sponse tendencies. A field experiment was designed to control mode effects due to sampling and screening so that the impact of response anonymity (through use of self-administered ques- tionnaires (SAQs)) and social distance in the interviewer- respondent relationship (telephone vs. personal communication) could be tested. Respondents aged 18-45 were randomly as- signed to interview mode: telephone, face-to-face, or self- administered. Admission of illicit drug use and alcohol use was most likely in the personal mode with SAQs, slightly less likely in personal mode without SAQs, and least likely in the telephone mode. The magnitude of the mode differentials was larger for blacks than for whites, and larger among respondents who are more mistrustful of others. Results support the notion that re- sponse effects due to mode of interview derive, at least in part, from interview mode differences in ability to assuage respon- dents' confidentiality concerns. Greater social distance between interviewer and respondent in the telephone interview, compared with face-to-face communication, makes it more difficult for the researcher to make convincing confidentiality guarantees. The response anonymity provided by SAQs also appears to increase respondents' willingness to reveal sensitive behavior, especially among racial/ethnic minorities.
A social categorical approach to a question about love

Although scholars' interest in love phenomena has continued to increase in recent years, a common conceptual language for the study of love has not yet emerged, as is evidenced by the large number of love taxonomies and associated vocabularies that have been advocated. A promising avenue for the development of a common scientific vocabulary of love lies in the systematic examination of the love vocabularies of laypersons to identify what varieties of love, if any, their lexicon reflects. Several means by which love researchers have attempted such examinations are described and illustrated with reference to the linguistic expressions “love” and “in love.” These methods include direct questioning, autobiographical reports, inferential studies, and the prototype approach, which introduces the probabilistic view of cognitive categorization structure and process to the study of love. Several of the underlying assumptions of the prototype approach are discussed and contrasted to those of the social categorical approach we present here. The social categorical method is described in this approach, respondents place persons in their actual social worlds into social categories, and the associations among the memberships of those categories are examined. Finally, the implications of some of the findings derived from this method for a taxonomy of love and for the study of interpersonal relationships are discussed.
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Stem Cell Transplantation

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed into law in 2010, will have a wide-reaching impact on the health care system in the United States when it is fully implemented in 2014. Patients will see increased access to care coupled with new insurance coverage protections as well as a minimum set of benefits mandated in each state known as essential health benefits. Providers are likely to see new forms of payment reform, particularly in the Medicare program, and narrower commercial provider networks. In addition, the composition of the health insurance market will broaden with the introduction of health insurance exchanges and expanded Medicaid populations in many states. Furthermore, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act calls for quality initiatives such as comparative effectiveness research to increase effective, appropriate and high-value care. This paper will review the main provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act with specific attention to their impact on the field of Stem Cell Transplantation.
Effects of dexamethasone on myocardial cells in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Dexamethasone exerted no significant hemodynamic effect in sham-operated cats or in cats subjected to acute myocardial ischemia. However, the glucocorticoid did normalize elevated S-T-segments toward pre-ischemic values, and prevented much of the increase in plasma CPK activity following coronary artery ligation. Moreover, dexamethasone prevented loss of CPK activity and restricted the loss of lysosomal hydrolase within ischemic myocardial tissue. These data indicate that lysosomal disruption is an early consequence of myocardial ischemia and that treatment with dexamethasone prevents the loss of myocardial lysosomal and cellular enzymes as reflected in normalization of the ECG and plasma CPK activity of ischemic cats. In this way, dexamethasone may act to retard the spread of the developing infarct within the ischemic myocardium.
Regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator localization in keratinocytes by calcium ion and E-cadherin

Abstract In keratinocyte culture, the cellular distribution of many adhesion markers and the organization of intercellular junctions are controlled by the calcium ion concentration of the medium. We show in the present study that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) localization in the human keratinocyte is similarly dependent upon calcium concentration. At 30 μ M calcium, uPA is present throughout the cell, often with a perinuclear concentration. Upon calcium elevation to 1.0 m M , uPA is concentrated along the cell-cell borders, where it colocalizes (at the light microscope level) with E-cadherin. Blocking antibody to E-cadherin delays the calcium-induced redistribution of uPA, in a manner very similar to the previously observed delay in redistribution of several adhesion-related markers, including vinculin, desmoplakin, and β1 integrin. These data suggest a link between the redistribution of uPA to the cell-cell borders and the calcium-induced organization of intercellular junctions in the human keratinocyte. The presence of uPA along the intercellular borders suggests that this enzyme may be involved in regulation of epidermal adhesion through proteolysis.
Coupled eigenmode theory applied to thick mask modeling of TM polarized imaging

Coupled eigenmode (CEM) theory for TM polarized illumination is presented and applied to the 3D modeling of a linespace reticle. In this approach, the electric and magnetic field inside a line-space reticle is described in terms of an orthogonal set of eigenmodes of Maxwell's equations. The diffraction of light by the reticle can then be expressed as a coherent sum of diffraction orders produced by each eigenmode independently. Fresnel transmission, overlap of eigenmodes with diffraction orders and propagation through the mask are shown to be the interactions that determine the complex amplitude of the diffraction orders produced by each mode. We further shown that only a small number of eigenmodes are needed to accurately calculate image contrast under TM polarized illumination.
Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system

Age estimates for ancient lakes are important for determining their histories and their rates of biotic and tectonic evolution. In the absence of dated core material from the lake`s sedimentary basement, several techniques have been used to generate such age estimates. The most common of these, herein called the reflection seismic-radiocarbon method (RSRM), combines estimates of short-term sediment-accumulation rates derived from radiocarbon-dated cores and depth-to-basement estimates derived from reflection-seismic data at or near the same locality to estimate an age to basement. Age estimates form the RSRM suggest that the structural basins of central Lake Tanganyika began to form between 9 and 12 Ma. Estimates for the northern and southern basins are younger (7 to 8 Ma and 2 to 4 Ma, respectively). The diachroneity of estimates for different segments of the lake is equivocal, and may be due to erosional loss of record in the northern and southern structural basins or to progressive opening of the rift. The RSRM age estimates for Lake Tanganyika are considerably younger than most prior estimates and clarify the extensional history of the western branch of the East African Rift system. 31 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Atrial Rupture in a Child from Cardiac Massage by His Parent

Abstract A 4-year-old boy presented with a single seizure following a viral syndrome. He had a pericardial effusion on admission, and this increased suddenly on the third day of hospitalization, producing cardiac tamponade. After blood was aspirated from the child's pericardial cavity, the father revealed that he performed cardiac massage on his son following the seizure. A laceration of the tight atrium was repaired at operation, and the boy made a good recovery. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by lay persons is not without hazard, and patients with such a history should be watched carefully for the possibility of damage to intrathoracic structures.
High-pressure x-ray diffraction of SiO2 glass.

We have measured the x-ray structure factor S(Q) for ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ glass to 42 GPa in the diamond-anvil cell using new experimetnal techniques for studying amorphous materials at high pressures. Large changes in the first sharp diffraction peak of S(Q) with increasing pressure provide evidence for changes in the medium-range order of the glass (length scales of \ensuremath{\sim}4\char21{}10 \AA{}). Average pair correlation functions at high pressure reveal significant changes in the nearest-neighbor geometry of the glass with compression. Between 8 and 28 GPa the coordination of Si increases, and at 42 GPa the value is close to six.
On the popular and the critical: Hop on Pop and the 'new generation' of cultural studies [Review essay. Paper in: Action, Healy, Chris and Muecke, Stephen (eds).]

This review essay is an attempt to take up the call for 'future debates within and about cultural studies'. It is shaped by a particular set of interests to do with my position as an early career researcher for whom the questions of what cultural studies is and might become have certain implications. For me, reading Hop on Pop calls forth a different subject position than does reading many other field-defining anthologies. The difference is the volume’s appeal to the present and its claim upon the future. It asks me to make something of the sense of discipline I have thus far developed as a student, and put it on the line to intervene in the issue of what kinds of cultural studies members of my generation might seek to develop.
Predicting Protein Composition, Biochemical Properties, and Dough‐Handling Properties of Hard Red Winter Wheat Flour by Near‐Infrared Reflectance

ABSTRACT Breadmaking quality in wheat is one of several considerations that plant breeders face when developing new cultivars. In routine breeding programs, quality is assessed by small-scale dough-handling and bake tests, and to some extent, by biochemical analysis of gluten proteins. An alternative, not yet fully examined, method for wheat flour quality assessment is near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectrophotometry. The present study was performed on 30 genotypes of hard red winter wheat grown during two crop years at eight to nine locations in the Great Plains area of the United States. Biochemical testing consisted of measuring protein fractions from size-exclusion HPLC (M r > 100k, M r 25–100k, and M r < 25k designated as glutenin, gliadins, and albumin and globulins, respectively), pentosan content, and SDS sedimentation volume. Dough-handling properties were measured on a mixograph and recorded as the time to peak dough development, the peak resistance, the width of the mixing curve, and the width...
Characteristic power requirements for performing various functions in underground coal mines

Many changes in coal mining methods have been taking place during the past two decades as a result of mechanization. Electrical motor drives are now used for a great variety of functions. In order to design proper underground power transmission and distribution circuits, to select the correct size and location of transforming or converting units, and to estimate power supply needs and costs, it is desirable to determine typical demand and energy-consumption requirements for both individual operations and area needs.