cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Architecting advanced technologies for 14nm and beyond with 3D FinFET transistors for the future SoC applications

Industry's extensive knowledge of fabricating bulk CMOS planar transistors has made them the device of choice for the cost sensitive foundry semiconductor sector. On advanced nodes the scaling benefits for SoCs will be based on a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) (Fig.1) quantified by measurable Figures of Merit (FOMs). These KPIs cover a range of requirements from system level performance, power, and die area scaling to manufacturing cost, production risk, reliability limitations, designabilty and technology extension for a broad domain of SoCs. Critical performance FOMs include Fmax, compute density performance at constant power density (MHz/mW/mm2) and performance vs. power for a given cost (PPC) (MHz/mW/$). The idea is to integrate the transistor and physical scaling benefits to offer a cost sensitive technology platform that provides value for the SoC applications and effectively for the end users. Fig. 1 illustrates the complexity of achieving this task to minimize the risk and TTV/TTM while addressing the difficult technical barriers. Device and circuit co-optimization enhances the SoC values measured by PPC, PPA, and Fmax.
System Justification and the Meaning of Life: Are the Existential Benefits of Ideology Distributed Unequally Across Racial Groups?

In this research, we investigated the relations among system justification, religiosity, and subjective well-being in a sample of nationally representative low-income respondents in the United States. We hypothesized that ideological endorsement of the status quo would be associated with certain existential and other psychological benefits, but these would not necessarily be evenly distributed across racial groups. Results revealed that religiosity was positively associated with subjective well-being in general, but the relationship between system justification and well-being varied considerably as a function of racial group membership. For low-income European Americans, stronger endorsement of system justification as an ideology was associated with increased positive affect, decreased negative affect, and a wide range of existential benefits, including life satisfaction and a subjective sense of security, meaning, and mastery. These findings are consistent with the notion that system justification satisfies psychological needs for personal control and serves a palliative function for its adherents. However, many of these effects were considerably weakened or even reversed for African American respondents. Thus, the psychological benefits associated with religiosity existed for both racial groups, whereas the benefits of system justification were distributed unequally across racial groups.
Chromatographic determination of water using spectrophotometric detection

Abstract Water in various analytical samples is determined by ion-exclusion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection based on a shift in the equilibrium between cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde dimethylacetal in methanol. The shift in equilibrium is proportional to the amount of water present and occurs only in the presence of an acid catalyst. The mechanism of this unique detection system is studied in detail. The conditions for chromatographic separation and detection are optimized so that a determination of water can be completed in only 1 to 2 min. Water has been determined in a variety of samples to demonstrate the versatility of this new method.
Electronic structure of rare-earth nickel pnictides: Narrow-gap thermoelectric materials

We have studied the electronic structure of a class of half-Heusler compounds $M\mathrm{NiPn},$ where M is Y, La, Lu, Yb, and Pn is a pnicogen As, Sb, Bi. All these systems excepting Yb are narrow-gap semiconductors and are potential candidates for high-performance thermoelectric materials. The Yb system shows heavy fermion characteristics. Calculations were carried out within density-functional theory (generalized gradient approximation) using self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Comparison of the electronic structures of isoelectronic systems YNiSb and ZrNiSn, another narrow-gap semiconductor, brings out the role of hybridization on the energy gap formation. We also find that in YNiPn systems, the gap narrows as we go from As to Bi, a result of relativistic lowering of the Pn valence s band and its influence on the lowest conduction band. Our band-structure results for YbNiSb differs drastically from a previous calculation using a different method, but agrees closely with a similar mixed valence system YbPtBi.
Amplitude correlated 4-dimensional cone beam CT

We have developed an amplitude correlated (AC) 4-dimensional cone beam CT (4D-CBCT) imaging technique on the Varian cone beam CT system. We use the Varian Real-time Positioning Monitoring (RPM) system to synchronize the recording of the respiratory motion and the 4D-CBCT imaging. The projection data of the same amplitude in respiratory motion are used to reconstruct an image of the corresponding amplitude in RPM. In the absence of hysteresis of respiratory motion, we can utilize the two CBCT projections in the same breathing cycle: one in the inspiration to expiration and one in the expiration to inspiration to improve the signal to noise ratio, reduce the aliasing due to insufficient sampling in the angular direction.
Visualizing Request-Flow Comparison to Aid Performance Diagnosis in Distributed Systems

Distributed systems are complex to develop and administer, and performance problem diagnosis is particularly challenging. When performance degrades, the problem might be in any of the system's many components or could be a result of poor interactions among them. Recent research efforts have created tools that automatically localize the problem to a small number of potential culprits, but research is needed to understand what visualization techniques work best for helping distributed systems developers understand and explore their results. This paper compares the relative merits of three well-known visualization approaches (side-by-side, diff, and animation) in the context of presenting the results of one proven automated localization technique called request-flow comparison. Via a 26-person user study, which included real distributed systems developers, we identify the unique benefits that each approach provides for different problem types and usage modes.
Gait abnormality in essential tremor.

Essential tremor (ET) has been described as a monosymptomatic disorder. In reports describing large series of patients with ET, there are rare patients who exhibit a noticeable gait disorder. However, we have observed that patients with ET and normal gait often exhibit an abnormality of tandem gait. To investigate this observation, we examined whether a gait disorder was present in 36 consecutive patients (mean age 69) with ET. We employed a tremor rating scale that scored tremor amplitude, location, and disability. In all patients, gait and tandem gait were separately evaluated. Eighteen of 36 patients (50%) exhibited tandem gait abnormalities in the presence of a normal narrow-based gait compared to 11 of 40 age-matched controls (28%) (p 5 years of disease duration. No relationship was found between presence of tandem gait abnormality and gender, tremor severity, head involvement, or positive family history. The finding of a tandem gait abnormality in 50% of ET patients suggests that cerebellar dysfunction may be important in its pathophysiology.
INTERFACIAL TRANSPORT PHENOMENA INVITED REVIEW

Abstract Interfacial transport phenomena include all effects associated with momentum, energy, and mass transfer at phase interfaces. I shall begin by examining the nature of the phase interface and associated common lines. I then will develop the general balance equations at each point within a phase, at each point on a dividing surface, and at each point on a common line. Mass conservation, momentum transfer, energy transfer, and mass transfer are treated as special cases.
New Drugs for Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most potentially severe mental disorders. Literature data indicate that despite the current available treatments, a large proportion of patients do not achieve complete remission, with consequent residual symptoms and chronic impairment. We carried out a comprehensive review of new pharmacologic treatments for BD. Even though the core treatment of BD likely will not likely undergo substantial changes over the next few years, many promising results with respect to new augmentation strategies were identified. New treatments for bipolar depression and for BD-related cognitive impairment seem to represent particularly fertile areas of research.
Segment 4 and the left lateral segment regeneration pattern after resection of the middle hepatic vein in a living donor right hepatectomy

Background Inclusion of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) with a right hepatectomy (RH) in live donor liver transplantation improves venous drainage of the anterior sector of the graft. Its long-term effects on donor left liver (LL) regeneration are not well described.
Therapeutic management of chronic callers to a suicide prevention center.

An attempt was made to discover an effective therapeutic technique for dealing with an individual who calls a suicide prevention center a large number of times (the chronic caller). There were two objectives to such a technique: (1) to reduce the frequency of calls made by chronic callers to the suicide prevention service and (2) to persuade these individuals to become more specific when discussing their problem. The method chosen to accomplish these objectives consisted of assigning a specific counselor to each chronic caller, setting a one-hour time limit with respect to each call and, having the suicide prevention center call the chronic caller instead of waiting for the chronic caller to contact the service. Results of the seven-week treatment program indicated that prior to having the service call the chronic callers, the mean number of calls made per week, for the treatment and control group, were roughly equal. Upon completion of the treatment condition, the mean number of calls per week for those chronic callers who had received weekly calls from the service, was significantly less in comparison with those chronic callers who had not received weekly calls. This trend in the data was maintained during a 9-week follow-up condition. Self-report measures obtained from the counselors indicated that the chronic callers were becoming more concrete and specific when discussing their particular problem. Suggestions regarding the manner in which other community mental health centers might implement a similar program are also discussed.
Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon in the Conjunctiva: Immunohistochemical Analysis

Purpose To present two cases of conjunctival lesions exhibiting the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, each with different immunohistochemical findings. Design Interventional case reports. Methods Two young males with conjunctival lesions underwent biopsy. Demographic data and timing of biopsy were extracted from the charts. The biopsy specimens were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded for light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining using the peroxidase method was carried out on each for IgG, IgM, IgA, the C3 component of complement, and eosinophilic major basic protein. main outcome measures : Presence of positive or negative staining for the various antigens. Results Both biopsy specimens exhibited the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, a morphologically unique process consisting of an amorphous, eosinophilic material surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Two staining patterns were seen. One revealed predominately immunoglobulin deposition, whereas the other revealed primarily eosinophilic major basic protein. This is the first instance we are aware of in which eosinophilic major basic protein was the predominate finding in an ocular specimen. Conclusion The composition of Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon material varies and may be related to various factors, including timing of biopsy and prior treatment.
Cerebral Ischemic Events After Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse A Community-Based Study of Incidence and Predictive Factors

Background and Purpose— Association of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) with ischemic neurological events (INEs) is uncertain. Methods— In the community of Olmsted County (Minn), we identified all MVP diagnosed (1989 to 1998) in patients in sinus rhythm with no prior history of INE. We measured INE rates and compared them with expected rates in our community to define the excess risk of INE. Results— Among 777 eligible subjects (age, 49±20 years; 66% female; follow-up, 5.5±3.0 years), 30 patients had at least 1 INE during follow-up (at 10 years, 7±1%). Compared with expected INEs in the same community, subjects with MVP showed excess risk of lifetime INE (relative risk [RR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.2; P<0.001) and during follow-up under purely medical management (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.8; P=0.009). Independent determinants of INE were older age (RR, 1.08 per year; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11; P<0.001), mitral thickening (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.4; P=0.008), atrial fibrillation (AFib) during follow-up (RR, 4.3; 95%...
Unusual Reactivity of a Potent Platinum–Acridine Hybrid Antitumor Agent

The formation of unusual seven-membered, sterically overloaded chelates [Pt(en)(L/L′)](NO3)2 (4a/4b) from the corresponding potent hybrid antitumor agents [PtCl(en)(LH/L′H)](NO3)2 (3a/3b) is described, where en is ethane-1,2-diamine and L(H) and L′(H) are (protonated) N-(2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl)-N-methylpropionimidamide and N-(2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl)-N-methylacetimidamide, respectively. Compounds 3a and 3b inhibit H460 lung cancer cell proliferation with IC50 values of 12 ± 2 and 2.8 ± 0.3 nM, respectively. The new derivative 3b proves to be not only the most cytotoxic platinum–acridine hybrid of this kind but also one of the most potent platinum-based anticancer agents described to date. The chelates 4a and 4b do not undergo ligand substitution reactions with nucleobase nitrogen and cysteine sulfur and do not intercalate into DNA. Despite their inertness, the two chelates appear to maintain micromolar activity in H460 cells. The results are discussed in the context of potential DNA-mediated and DN...
Imaginary Community of the Mainstream Classroom: Adolescent Immigrants' Perspectives.

In this paper, I explore the perspectives of three adolescent Mexican English language Learners regarding their high school English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom experiences within an urban city in the southwestern part of the U.S. An additional purpose is to demonstrate how the three student participants did or did not invest their identities into the imagined communities of the mainstream program. The paper focuses on two major themes: (1) The ESL classroom provided a socially comfortable learning environment with little cognitively challenging material, and (2) The ESL class/program did not meet students’ expectations for their future careers. Due to the students’ disillusionment with the ESL program, despite its many strengths, they projected their hopes onto an imagined community of the mainstream program. This research can be of use to both teachers and researchers interested in understanding adolescent immigrants’ perspectives on their ESL schooling experiences.
Efficient filtering of irrelevant global and local information when target level and location are random

Using compound letter stimuli (Navon, 1977), Paquet and Merikle (1988) found that subjects are very good at ignoring distractor letters shown in an irrelevant location when the distractors are also shown at the level of the structure opposite to that of the target. However, the procedure used by Paquet and Merikle (1988) might have biassed the results toward showing relatively poor non-target processing in this instance. The target level of structure was a blocked variable, and so subjects could ignore the other level of structure completely. In the present experiment, the target level was either blocked, requiring focussed attention to one level of structure, or else it varied randomly from trial to trial. This latter condition should require attention to be allocated to both levels of structure. Results were the same in both cases, namely efficient filtering of nontarget information when it was not at the target level of structure. The results are related to proposals (Duncan, 1981; Van der Heijden, 1981) that semantic analysis of visual information is an unlimited-capacity process.
“Demanding a Share of Public Regard”: African American Education at New Philadelphia, Illinois

New Philadelphia, Illinois, is thought to be the first town in the US formally established by an African American. Among founder “Free Frank” McWorter's priorities was that members of his family attend school, years before state law supported education for children not classified as “white.” It is well established that a later schoolhouse, built around 1874, was racially integrated. However, conflicting interpretations of available evidence, such as oral histories and written reminiscences, raise questions about the way in which the earliest schools served the African American and European American families of the town. The authors use archaeological and documentary evidence to search for the location of the schoolhouse and reveal how residents of this multiracial town challenged prevailing norms of common school education. The written and material traces are faint, but qualitative and quantitative analyses of the available materials demonstrate the school's significance for the residents of this community on the Midwestern frontier.
How can spreaders affect the indirect infuence on twitter

Most studies on social influence have focused on direct influence, while another interesting question can be raised as whether indirect influence exists between two users who're not directly connected in the network and what affects such influence. In addition, the theory of complex contagion tells us that more spreaders will enhance the indirect influence between two users. Our observation of intensity of indirect influence, propagated by n parallel spreaders and quantified by retweeting probability on Twitter , shows that complex contagion is validated globally but is violated locally. In other words, the retweeting probability increases non-monotonically with some local drops.
Tourettism associated with Huntington's disease

The identification of the gene for Huntington's disease (HD) has made it possible to diagnose patients with HD who present with unusual or atypical features. We describe a 41-year-old man whose intial manifestation of HD was dominated by the presence of motor and vocal tics and other features of Tourette's syndrome. This case illustrates the broad range of clinical manifestation of HD and the usefulness of testing for the HD mutation in selected cases with familial movement disorders.
Involvement of polyamines in the progestin-induced stimulation of endometrial glycogen synthesis during organ culture

Abstract Addition of progesterone to an organ culture of endometrial fragments increased glycogen levels 2–3 fold. Concomitant with this increase in glycogen was an increase in S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity and the conversion of putrescine into spermidine. When an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, methylglyoxyl bis(guanylhydrazone), was added to the culture with progesterone, glycogen synthesis was blocked. Inhibition of glycogen synthesis was reversed by the addition of spermidine, suggesting that spermidine synthesis may be necessary for the progestin-induced accumulation of endometrial glycogen.
Growth of single crystals of Nd2Fe14B

Abstract Nd 2 Fe 14 B is of interest because of its excellent magnetic properties. We report on the growth of single crystals by the Czochralski method and describe special techniques for handling the reactivity and rapid oxidation of this compound.
Graph bandwidth of weighted caterpillars

Graph bandwidth minimization (GBM) is a classical and challenging problem in graph algorithms and combinatorial optimization. Most of existing researches on this problem have focused on unweighted graphs. In this paper, we study the bandwidth minimization problem of weighted caterpillars, and propose several algorithms for solving various types of caterpillars and general graphs. More specifically, we show that the GBM problem on caterpillars with hair-length at most 2 and the GBM problem on star-shape caterpillars are NP-complete, and give a lower bound of the graph bandwidth for general weighted graphs. For caterpillars with hair-length at most 1, we present an O(n log n log(nwmax))-time algorithm to compute an optimal bandwidth layout, where n is the total number of vertices in the graph and wmax is the maximum wedge weight. For caterpillars with hair-length at most k, we give a k-approximation algorithm. For arbitrary caterpillars and general graphs, we give a heuristic algorithm and some experimental results. Experiments show that the solutions obtained by our heuristic algorithm are roughly within a factor of clog(n) of the lower bound for a small number c, which is consistent with the inapproximability results of this problem (i.e., no constant approximation for the GBM problem unless P = NP).
726 The Paediatric Early Warning Tool in Combination with a Nurse-Led Outreach Team: Impact on Outcomes for Critically Ill Children

Introduction: Paediatric early warning tools (PEWT) were developed to identify clinical deterioration in acutely ill patients. Deviations from defined physiological parameters are used to initiate medical review and intervention. PEWT was incorporated into observation charts at a UK tertiary referral hospital and an outreach response team was trialled providing immediate high dependency care. Aims: An audit was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the outreach team combined with PEWT and assess the impact on patient outcome. Method: A nurse-led outreach team was trialled for 3 months during 2009. Patient observation charts were reviewed for all inpatients over one week. Data was collected to determine: number of patient triggers, actions taken and patient outcome (133 patient observation charts reviewed). Data collection was repeated once the trial had finished (n=167). Results: 28% (n=37) of patients triggered when team available ((133 charts); mean age 6.3 years (SD=5.5)) which was comparable to the period without the team 28% (47/167, p=0.1); 5.8 years (SD=5.6)) when triggered. Help was requested on 12 (32%) occasions compared with 8 (17%, p< 0.05) with and without teams respectively. No arrest calls occurred during the period with the team; 2 occurred during the period without. A reduction in critical incident reporting was observed during team availability. Conclusions: Decreased emergency team calls and critical incidents were observed by introduction of an outreach team and PEWT. The outreach team received a positive response from all staff, providing immediate high dependency care. Use of the PEWT allowed earlier review and prompt medical intervention.
Maternal age and density effects on carbohydrate partitioned to eggs of the grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti

Abstract Mannose, glucose, glycerol, and trehalose were identified by chromatographic means in 1- to 7-day-old eggs of the grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti. Trehalose and ‘glycogen’ levels, at a time when embryonic development had not progressed beyond the blastoderm stage, were measured in eggs collected from adults reared at three densities throughout the fecund period. Glycogen levels in these eggs increased with maternal age as did egg weight. Parental density had no noticeable effect on glycogen content in eggs. During the last half of the fecund period, trehalose decreased from 57·6 to 20·2 μg/egg (9·46 to 3·21 mg/g fresh egg weight) in eggs obtained from adults reared at the highest density. This is probably due to the combined effect of crowding and maternal age. The greater the density, the greater the amount of trehalose that was partitioned to eggs during the first two-thirds of the reproductive period. Maternal age and density effects on trehalose levels partitioned to eggs are discussed in relation to rate of development and a density-stress response mechanism which may be likened to that of vertebrates.
Race and Pathways to Power in the National Football League

Recent studies have found that African American managers and executives tend to have relatively few opportunities to exercise higher order and reward-relevant job functions such as job authority, j...
Antibacterial effects of silver-doped hydroxyapatite thin films sputter deposited on titanium

Abstract Since many orthopedic implants fail as a result of loosening, wear, and inflammation caused by repeated loading on the joints, coatings such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) on titanium with a unique topography have been shown to improve the interface between the implant and the natural tissue. Another serious problem with long-term or ideally permanent implants is infection. It is important to prevent initial bacterial colonization as existing colonies have the potential to become encased in an extracellular matrix polymer (biofilm) that is resistant to antibacterial agents. In this study, plasma-based ion implantation was used to examine the effects of pre-etching on plain titanium. Topographical changes to the titanium samples were examined and compared via scanning electron microscopy. Hydroxyapatite and silver-doped hydroxyapatite thin films were then sputter deposited on titanium substrates etched at − 700 eV. For silver-doped films, two concentrations of silver (~ 0.5 wt.% and ~ 1.5 wt.%) were used. Silver concentrations in the film were determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Hydroxyapatite film thicknesses were determined by measuring the surface profile using contact profilometry. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion studies were performed on plain titanium, titanium coated with hydroxyapatite, titanium coated with ~ 0.5 wt.% silver-doped hydroxyapatite, and titanium coated with ~ 1.5 wt.% silver-doped hydroxyapatite. Results indicate that less bacteria adhered to surfaces containing hydroxyapatite and silver; further, as the hydroxyapatite films delaminated, silver ions were released which killed bacteria in suspension.
Therapeutic Supplementation of Caprylic Acid in Feed Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chicks

Poultry colonized with Campylobacter species are a significant source of human food-borne illness. The therapeutic use of the medium chain fatty acid caprylic acid consistently reduced enteric C. jejuni colonization in chicks by 3 to 4 logs in three separate trials. These results support caprylic acid's potential to reduce Campylobacter carriage in poultry.
Clinical pharmacokinetics in infants and children. A reappraisal.

A significant increase in the knowledge base in paediatric clinical pharmacology has occurred over the past 2 decades and has largely been the result of important scientific and sociological advancements pertaining to paediatric therapeutics. Although the data on drug disposition in infants and children have increased considerably over the past few years, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interactions, particularly the effect of development on pharmacodynamics, remain poorly understood.
Decreased Protein Expression and Intermittent Recoveries in BiP Levels Result from Cellular Stress during Heterologous Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cells are inherently robust to environmental perturbations and have evolved to recover readily from short-term exposure to heat, pH changes, and nutrient deprivation during times of stress. The stress of unfolded protein accumulation has been implicated previously in low protein yields during heterologous protein expression. Here we describe the dynamics of the response to this stress, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), during the expression of the single chain antibody 4-4-20 (scFv) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of scFv decreased the growth rate of yeast cells whether the scFv was expressed from single-copy plasmids or integrated into the chromosome. However, the growth rates recovered at longer expression times, and surprisingly, the recovery occurred more quickly in the high-copy integration strains. The presence of a functional UPR pathway was necessary for a recovery of normal growth rates. During the growth inhibition, the UPR pathway appeared to be activated, resulting in decreased intracellular scFv levels and intermittent recovery of the chaperone BiP within the endoplasmic reticulum. Intracellular scFv was observed primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, consistent with activation of the UPR pathway. Although the intracellular scFv levels dropped over the course of the expression, this was not a result of scFv secretion. A functional UPR pathway was necessary for the drop in intracellular scFv, suggesting that the decrease was a direct response of UPR activation. Taken together, these results suggest that control of heterologous gene expression to avoid UPR activation will result in higher production levels.
Phosphate and Trace Metal Availability from Sewage-Sludge Incinerator Ash

Incineration is practiced to reduce sewage sludge volume, but disposal of the resulting ash remains an important waste-management problem. The objectives of a field study conducted from 1987 to 1990 were to evaluate sewage-sludge-incinerator ash as a P fertilizer, determine trace metal availability, and assess the liming potential of the ash. The soil was an Estherville sandy loam (sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) with an initial pH of 5.7. Treatments compared P rates of 35, 70, and 140 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ from triple-superphosphate fertilizer with equivalent ash rates based on citrate-soluble (available) P. A control receiving no P application was included. Field corn (Zea mays L.) was grown the first 3 yr and sweet corn was grown in 1990. Limited effects on growth occurred the first 2 yr, but in 1989 and 1990 both ash and phosphate fertilizer significantly increased yield. Yield response to ash was equivalent to phosphate fertilizer for 1989 field corn, but significantly less for sweet corn in 1990. Ash and phosphate fertilizer both increased tissue P concentrations, but phosphate fertilizer was the more effective P source. Olsen's soil P extractant provided a more useful measure of plant available P than Bray P-1 for ash-amended soil. Ash increased diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-acid (DTPA) extractable Cu, Zn, and Cd in the 0- to 15-cm soil depth and slightly buffered soil pH. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in plant tissue were consistently higher, and Mn consistently lower, with ash than with phosphate fertilizer. In 1990, ash also significantly increased tissue Cd and Mo in sweet corn. Tissue trace metal concentrations were not in the range of anticipated phytotoxicity or animal health problems. Paper no. 20915 of the Journal Series, Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Research supported by the Metropolitan Waste Control Commission, St. Paul, MN.
Shoulder dystocia: Simulation and a team-centered protocol

Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency that has been reported to occur in 0.2-3% of all vaginal deliveries. Several characteristics of shoulder dystocia make it a particular challenge to manage effectively. It is relatively infrequent, the diagnosis cannot be made according to a single objective criterion that can be recognized to exist by all members of the care team who are present, it is unpredictable, and there is the need for coordinated actions of all members of the health care team who have come together on the day of the delivery and may not have worked together before or specifically during a shoulder dystocia. In general, there is evidence from different medical disciplines that checklists/protocols and simulation may be used to enhance team performance. There is also some evidence, albeit limited, that such techniques may be used to improve shoulder dystocia outcomes.
Linearity of expectation functionals

LetB be the set of bounded observables on a quantum logic. A mapJ: B →R is called an expectation functional ifJ is normalized, positive, continuous, and compatibly linear. Two questions are considered. IsJ linear, and isJ an expectation relative to some state? It is shown that the answers are affirmative for hidden variable logics and most Hilbert space logics. An example is given which shows thatJ can be nonlinear on an arbitrary quantum logic.
Inositol lipid hydrolysis contributes to the Ca2+ wave in the activating egg of Xenopus laevis.

Abstract We have used fluorescence ratio-imaging of fura-2 in the activating egg of Xenopus laevis to study the wave of increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) while monitoring that of cortical granule exocytosis. Naturally matured eggs were dejellied, injected with fura-2, and activated by the iontophoresis of 1–30 nCoul of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate which triggers an immediate increase in free [Ca2+]i at the injection site. The Ca2+ rise spreads throughout the egg, reaching the opposite side in 5–8 min, and is followed by elevation of the fertilization envelope about 20–30 sec behind the [Ca2+]i wave. [Ca2+]i returns to preactivation levels within about 20 min after activation. We further studied the role of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis by microinjecting antibodies to PIP2 into the egg. PIP2 antibodies did not alter the propagation velocity of the wave but greatly reduced the amount of Ca2+ released in the egg cortex. These data suggest that PIP2 hydrolysis plays a role in the release of [Ca2+]i in the outer regions of the egg following activation.
Neonatal hypocalcemic seizures in siblings exposed to topiramate in utero

We describe two siblings with neonatal hypocalcemic seizures whose mother took topiramate during both pregnancies. Apart from hypocalcemia, the patients had no identifiable etiology for their seizures. Although biochemical data suggested that the hypocalcemia was caused by hypoparathyroidism, no disorders typically associated with this condition were identified in the patients. We propose that topiramate exposure in utero led to hypoparathyroidism and subsequent hypocalcemia via effects on protein kinase A signaling, resulting in hypocalcemic seizures. Neonates exposed to topiramate in utero should be monitored for hypocalcemic seizures.
Photosynthetic vesicles with bound phycobilisomes from Anabaena variabilis.

Abstract Photosynthetically active vesicles with attached phycobilisomes from Anabaena variabilis, were isolated and shown to transfer excitation energy from phycobiliproteins to F696 chlorophyll (Photosystem II). The best results were obtained when cells were disrupted in a sucrose/phosphate/citrate mixture (0.3 : 0.5 : 0.3 M, respectiely) containing 1.5% serum albumin. The vesicles showed a phycocyanin/chlorophyll ratio essentially identical to that of whole cells, and oxygen evolution rates of 250 μmol O2/h per mg chlorophyll (with 4 mM ferricyanide added as oxidant), whereas whole cells had rates of up to 450. Excitation of the vesicles by 600 nm light produced fluorescence peaks (−196°C) at 644, 662, 685, 695, and 730 nm. On aging of the vesicles, or upon dilution, the fluorescence yield of the 695 nm emission peak gradually decreased with an accompanying increase and final predominant peak at 685 nm. This shift was accompanied by a decrease in the quantum efficiency of Photosystem II activity from an initial 0.05 to as low as 0.01 mol O2/einstein (605 nm), with a lesser change in the Vmax values. The decrease in the quantum efficiency is mainly attributed to excitation uncoupling between phycobilisomes and Photosystem II. It is concluded that the F685 nm emission peak, often exclusively attributed to Photosystem II chlorophyll, arises from more than one component with phycobilisome emission being a major contributor. Vesicles from which phycobilisomes had been removed, as verified by electron microscopy and spectroscopy, had an almost negligible emission at 685 nm.
A Social Semantics for Agent Communication Languages

The ability to communicate is one of the salient properties of agents. Although a number of agent communication languages (ACLs) have been developed, obtaining a suitable formal semantics for ACLs remains one of the greatest challenges of multiagent systems theory. Previous semantics have largely been mentalistic in their orientation and are based solely on the beliefs and intentions of the participating agents. Such semantics are not suitable for most multiagent applications, which involve autonomous and heterogeneous agents, whose beliefs and intentions cannot be uniformly determined. Accordingly, we present a social semantics for ACLs that gives primacy to the interactions among the agents. Our semantics is based on social commitments and is developed in temporal logic. This semantics, because of its public orientation, is essential to providing a rigorous basis for multiagent protocols.
Testing of the Healthy “Little” Lives Project: A Training Program for Big Sister Mentors

Big Brothers/Big Sisters is a national program aimed at providing mentors for disadvantaged children. This study tested whether Big Sister mentors could be trained to increase communication with their Little Sisters about sexual health issues. The study tested an intervention based on social cognitive theory in which a sexual health communication program was tested against an attention-matched control condition (bullying/peer pressure). Results showed level of self-efficacy for talking about sex increased within subjects, regardless of study condition. Big Sisters in the experimental group spent more time talking with their Little Sisters about romantic relationships as compared to those in the control at follow-up.
Composition and Conductivity of Membranes Equilibrated with Solutions of Sulfuric Acid and Vanadyl Sulfate

The sulfuric acid, vanadyl (VO2+) and water equilibrium in Nafion membranes contacted by solutions containing these species is described. Of particular interest is the influence of composition on ionic transport behavior in membrane separators for an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Ex-situ membrane conductivity measurements were conducted on Nafion 117 membranes equilibrated in electrolyte solutions of varying sulfuric acid and vanadyl ion concentrations. Electrolyte species imbibed in the membrane were analyzed by an experimental protocol including titration, ICP-OES and weight analysis. Sulfuric acid in the membrane can increase proton concentration but reduce proton mobility by reducing water content. In a mixed vanadyl/proton form Nafion, vanadyl has a mobility of 6.28 × 10−5 cm2 ·V−1 · s−1, much lower than proton mobility of 8.79 × 10−4 cm2 ·V−1 · s−1 in H+-form Nafion. The presence of vanadyl in Nafion can also decrease the proton mobility: uH+ = (8.79 − 8.04 × xVO2+ ) × 10−4cm2V−1s−1. With equilibration in a practical electrolyte containing 5 mol · dm−3 total sulfate, Nafion’s conductivity is decreased due to uptake of vanadyl ions. © 2013 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.083309jes] All rights reserved.
Residual pantopaque® in renal cysts: An addition to the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal heavy-metal densities

Single or multiple heavy-metal densities seen on abdominal radiographs give rise to several diagnostic possibilities. These include pills or foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, barium in colonic diverticula, and bullets or shrapnel. This communication describes two patients in whom heavy-metal densities observed on abdominal radiographs were caused by residual Pantopaque® from prior renal cyst puncture.
What now? Cremation without tradition.

Although cremation is an increasingly popular method of body disposal, there is little research on ash disposition, particularly the decisions and negotiations underlying the process. Americans who...
Globalisation and environmental resistance politics

AbstractBased on extensive fieldwork in Eastern Asia, an epicentre of globalisation, and Southern Africa, a key node in the most marginalised continent, this cross-regional study asks: what constitutes resistance to neoliberal globalisation? An ecological reading of master theorists of resistance, especially Polanyi, focuses attention on protectionist movements as a response to the spread and deepening of the market—solid patterns and cumulative action—and to a lesser degree, on the soft, or latent, forms of protest that may or may not sufficiently harden so as eventually to challenge globalising structures. Attention is given to submerged forms of resistance within civil society insofar as they are emerging into networks. The empirical evidence includes interviews designed to elicit the voices of the subjects of globalisation engaged in environmental resistance politics. Counter-globalisation strategies are identified, and the impact of countervailing forces is assessed.
STM concurrency control for embedded real-time software with tighter time bounds

We consider software transactional memory (STM) concurrency control for multicore real-time software, and present a novel contention manager (CM) for resolving transactional conflicts, called length-based CM (or LCM). We upper bound transactional retries and response times under LCM, when used with G-EDF and G-RMA schedulers. We identify the conditions under which LCM outperforms previous real-time STM CMs and lock-free synchronization. Our implementation and experimental studies reveal that G-EDF/LCM and G-RMA/LCM have shorter or comparable retry costs and response times than other synchronization techniques.
A note on Cesàro-Orlicz sequence spaces

Abstract The condition δ 2 in Cesaro–Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Luxemburg norm is discussed. The comparison theorem for these spaces is presented. Some counterexamples are provided.
A Hybrid Execution Model for Fine-Grained Languages on Distributed Memory Multicomputers

While fine-grained concurrent languages can naturally capture concurrency in many irregular and dynamic problems, their flexibility has generally resulted in poor execution effciency. In such languages the computation consists of many small threads which are created dynamically and synchronized implicitly. In order to minimize the overhead of these operations, we propose a hybrid execution model which dynamically adapts to runtime data layout, providing both sequential efficiency and low overhead parallel execution. This model uses separately optimized sequential and parallel versions of code. Sequential efficiency is obtained by dynamically coalescing threads via stack-based execution and parallel efficiency through latency hiding and cheap synchronization using heap-allocated activation frames. Novel aspects of the stack mechanism include handling return values for futures and executing forwarded messages (the responsibility to reply is passed along, like call/cc in Scheme) on the stack. In addition, the hybrid execution model is expressed entirely in C, and therefore is easily portable to many systems. Experiments with function-call intensive programs show that this model achieves sequential efficiency comparable to C programs. Experiments with regular and irregular application kernels on the CM5 and T3D demonstrate that it can yield 1.5 to 3 times better performance than code optimized for parallel execution alone.
Evaluation of Soybean Breeding Lines for Corn Earworm Antibiosis

Corn earworm (CEW) (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) is the most serious insect pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and often has reduced yield in much of the Mid-Atlantic and southern coastal plain of the USA. The objectives of this study were to determine the magnitude of genotype × year interaction (GYI) of antibiosis to CEW and to identify genotypes with stable performance. Thirty-two soybean breeding lines, including two susceptible and one line resistant to CEW, were planted in single row plots arranged in a randomized complete block design in 1996 through 1998 at Petersburg, VA. Petri dish assays were used to evaluate terminal foliage of field-grown soybean for resistance to CEW. Data were analyzed by means of genotype × year analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cultivar superiority performance measure (CSPM). Even though there was considerable variation among the genotypes tested during the three growing seasons, genotypes that ranked consistently either lower or higher in mean CEW larval weight were found. Among the genotypes tested, V89-2623, VS94-42, and VS94-27 generally had the highest CEW larval weight, whereas VS94-11, VS94-12, and VS94-26 were consistently in the lowest CEW larval weight group. Results suggest that CEW resistance of these latter three lines is relatively less affected by environment. They could serve successfully as genetic sources for breeding resistance to CEW. The rank correlation between the combined over year mean ranks and cultivar superiority performance measure value ranks was highly significant (r = 0.985). This suggests that either method of analysis could be suitable in identifying genotypes with stable resistance to CEW. The CEW larval bioassay technique was reliable in separating resistant and susceptible genotypes.
Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial acyl‐coa: Glycine n‐acyltransferases from kidney

When bovine kidney mitochondria were assayed in the presence of Triton X-100, they were found to contain glycine N-acyltransferase activity toward the CoA-adducts of benzoate, butyrate, isovalerate, naphthylacetate, phenylacetate, and salicylate. Heptanoyl-CoA activity was masked by high acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. All activities found in detergent-lysed mitochondria, and also that toward heptanoyl-CoA, could be released in soluble form by repeated cycles of freeze-thawing. Activity in the particle-free lysate decreased in the order: phenylacetyl-CoA > benzoyl-CoA > salicylyl-CoA > butyryl-CoA > naphthylacetyl-CoA > heptanoyl-CoA > isovaleryl-CoA. This is quite different from liver, where the activity toward the arylacetic acids is much lower and the other activities are higher. This reflects a major difference in the relative expression of the aralkyl and arylacetyl transferases between liver and kidney. The phenylacetyl-CoA and naphthylacetyl-CoA activity purified with a single protein which is termed the arylacetyl transferase. This enzyme was similar to the hepatic arylacetyl transferase in terms of its sensitivity to sulfhydryl reagents, response to cations, and molecular weight (33,500). Activity toward benzoyl-CoA also purified as a single form which was similar to the hepatic form in its molecular weight (34,000), response to cations, and kinetic properties. Conditions leading to the inhibition of this kidney form and also the hepatic form by p-mercuribenzoate are described.
The interaction between corporate tax structure and disclosure policy

When socially desirable behaviors are deemed difficult to legislate, tax code is often called upon to indirectly achieve the desired ends. Adjustments to tax policy have been employed to spark investment, encourage charitable donations, and discourage tobacco consumption, to name a few examples. This paper demonstrates that tax policy may also be an effective means of encouraging welfare enhancing disclosures by firms. Further, by inducing disclosures of the right types of information while discouraging revelation of other types, tax policy proves to be a more versatile instrument than direct regulatory attempts which can mandate (but not prohibit) disclosures. The intuition behind our results is that when firms make decisions to disclose (or withhold) pieces of private information, such a decision is often made with an eye on the potential for a large payoff. In such cases, progressive taxes can dampen the appeal of big payoffs and better align the incentives of firms with those of consumers. In short, while progressive taxes may be criticized for curbing aggressiveness, it is precisely such a decrease in aggressiveness that can prompt efficient sharing of information.