cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profit skimming, asymmetric benchmarking, or the effects of implicit incentives? Evidence from natural disasters

Abstract We evaluate competing hypotheses on profit skimming, asymmetric benchmarking, and the effects of implicit incentives using natural disasters as shocks to firm-specific performance. We find that compensation of both CEOs and other top executives are adjusted for exogenous changes in firm-specific performance. Moreover, the change in pay-for-performance sensitivity is greater for favorably rather than adversely affected firms. These results are stronger in firms with independent boards, new outside CEOs, and younger CEOs, where optimal contracting is more likely. Overall, our results support Feriozzi’s (2011) hypothesis that asymmetric pay-for-performance sensitivity can result from implicit incentives, which trigger after negative shocks.
Geologic Impacts and Calculated Magnitudes of Historic Earthquakes in the Central United States

Abstract The New Madrid Seismic Zone, located in the central United States, produced five earthquakes in 1811–1812, 1843, and 1895, ranging from strong to major. A recurrence of its activity would cause substantial damage to the central U.S., but the magnitude of the most likely event is debatable. Accounting for 0.2 s spectral accelerations (SA) and peak ground velocities (PGV) with the local geologic conditions, this study offered methods for estimating the moment magnitudes (M) of these earthquakes. We analyzed 0.2 s SA and PGV and compared these data with the reported Modified Mercalli Intensities. Our estimates are M 7.6, 7.5, and 7.7 for the three 1811–1812 mainshocks in order of quake occurrence; M 6.2 for the 1843 Marked Tree, Arkansas; and M 6.7 for the 1895 Charleston, Missouri, earthquakes. These estimates are comparable to or exceed most previous approximations. Accordingly, potential liquefaction and resultant ground failure may affect most unconsolidated sediments throughout the central United States.
Because It Is Green or Beautiful? Consumer’s Perceived Value of a Unique Type of Sustainable Packaging, Store Evaluation, and Store Patronage Intentions

Several fashion and beauty brands develop and offer unique types of sustainable packaging in their store (e.g., "Knot-wrap," "seaweed-based" packaging). The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived value of a unique type of sustainable packaging (i.e., green, aesthetic, functional, emotional, social, self-expression) and its impact on consumer's packaging evaluation, store evaluation, and store patronage intentions in the context of a fashion retail store. The moderating effects of consumer innovativeness and environmental concern were also assessed. Data were collected from undergraduates (n= 205) enrolled at Eastern University in the U.S. Structural equation modeling revealed that among the six types of perceived value of sustainable packaging, self-expression value had the strongest positive impact on packaging evaluation, followed by emotional, aesthetic, functional, and green value. Packaging evaluation had a positive impact on store evaluation. Store evaluation then positively influenced store patronage intentions. There were no significant moderating effects of consumer innovativeness and environmental concern.
Dynamics and Disorder in the Building Blocks of Organic Semiconductors

The design of molecules and polymers for solution-deposited organic semiconducting materials generally considers the chemical modulation of (i) the π-conjugated backbone to modify the electronic and optical characteristics and (ii) the alkyl side chains to govern solubility. As the solid-state material forms, physical interactions among these constituents play an important, yet not well understood, role in directing the molecular-scale packing arrangements that in part determine the final material properties. In this presentation we will discuss how the dynamics of these moieties under different conditions, including the potential for conformational disorder among various points of torsion within the π-conjugated backbone, can impact aggregate formation and resulting solid-state morphology. The chemical insight developed through these investigations is beginning to refine and offer novel understanding essential to the development of next generation organic semiconducting active layers.
Is the presence of home entrance steps associated with community participation of people with mobility impairments

Abstract Background Little is known about how home entrances are related to community participation for people with mobility impairments. Objective This investigation explored how the need to navigate steps at the entrance of a home affects the community participation levels of people with mobility impairments. Methods This survey study used pre-measure data collected from three different samples. Participants were adults living independently in the community aged 18–94 years old who self-reported having a mobility impairment. Measures included the Brief Community Engagement Questionnaire to examine potential differential effects on the number of non-discretionary trips people make into the community (e.g., getting groceries, medications) versus the number of discretionary activities (e.g., socializing outside the home) people reported over seven days. Results People with mobility impairments were less likely to report a stepped entrance than people without MI, but when the entrance they use the most had steps they reported significantly higher exertion to use the entrance. The presence of steps had no effect on non-discretionary trips (p = .74), but was associated with 49% (p Conclusion Steps at the home entrance of people with mobility impairment may be an important mediating factor in their level of participation. When researchers and practitioners evaluate interventions that aim to increase community participation of people with mobility impairment, they should control for the presence of steps at their home entrance.
Backward Design for a United States Bachelor of Science in Nursing Curriculum

Backward design is a curriculum design model commonly used for United States nursing education programs. The premise of Wiggins and McTighe’s (Wiggins, McTighe, Understanding by design. Association for Curriculum Supervision and Development, Alexandria VA, 2005) three-stage backward design model begins with the end in mind followed by design of the program’s evaluation plan and courses. In stage one, desired results of the program are identified. Stage two consists of determining acceptable evidence to demonstrate that the results have been achieved. Stage three plans experiences and instruction within the curriculum. The design process is reiterative yet results in a linear product. The backward design model lends well to the highly regulated and accredited nature of nursing education in the USA and can be applied at any degree level in nursing. Globally, the model can be used to effectively transform nursing education from a vocational to an academic curriculum.
Depression in Neurologic Disorders: Diagnosis and Management

Contributors vii Foreword viii Preface x Acknowledgments xii Part One: General Considerations Chapter 1 Depression in Neurologic Disorders: Why Should Neurologists Care? 3 Andres M. Kanner Chapter 2 Neurobiological Aspects of Depression: How Do They Affect Neurologic Disorders? 10 Hrvoje Hecimovic Chapter 3 Idiopathic Depressive Disorders: Basic Principles 28 John J. Barry Chapter 4 Screening Instruments for Depression in Neurologic Disorders: Their Application in the Clinic and in Research 39 Andres M. Kanner and Angela Strobel Parsons Chapter 5 Suicidality in Neurologic Diseases 52 Yukari Tadokoro and Andres M. Kanner Chapter 6 Neuropsychological Aspects of Depression: Their Relevance in Depression in Neurologic Disorders 64 Erica J. Kalkut and Christopher L. Grote Chapter 7 Depressive Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Neurologic Disorders 77 Rochelle Caplan Chapter 8 Basic Principles in the Management of Depression in Neurologic Disorders 94 Marco Mula Part Two: Depression and Neurologic Disorders Chapter 9 Depression and Migraine 105 Joan Roig Llesuy Chapter 10 Poststroke Depression 116 Andres M. Kanner Chapter 11 Depressive Disorders in Epilepsy 126 Andres M. Kanner Chapter 12 Depression and Movement Disorders 145 Oliver Tuscher and Ludger Tebartz van Elst Chapter 13 Depression and Multiple Sclerosis 157 Dana J. Serafi n, Deborah M. Weisbrot, and Alan B. Ettinger Chapter 14 Depression and Alzheimer s Disease 177 Pablo Richly, Facundo Manes, and Julian Bustin Chapter 15 Depression and Traumatic Brain Injury 189 Seth A. Mensah and Michael P. Kerr Index 207 Color plate section is found facing page 20
Three-Dimensional Effect of Flutter in a Real Fluid

The highest order encountered in this study was 529 and resulted from an analysis of the B-58 3/8-scale model. As reported in Ref. 2, the inversion time was about 15 hours. A reciprocity check of deflections for a number of unit loadings indicated a mathematical precision to about four significant figures. In summary, the writer would like to express the following opinions. (1) The findings of Ref. 2, rather than indicating a hopeless situation, give every encouragement to the prospects of solving at least certain types of problems involving very large structural matrices. As a matter of fact, the results showed that for the sort of problems being treated, the time and cost of inverting the very large matrix tended to become the primary considera­ tion, since the highest-order matrix considered was inverted with a precision quite in accord with engineering requirements. (2) One must be careful in using matrix size as a measure of relative problem complexity. Mixed force-displacement systems of equations produce matrix sizes considerably larger than those resulting from a displacement analysis. For example, a stiffness-matr ix analysis of the same B-58 3/8-scale model of Ref. 2 would involve something less than half the order of matrix encountered in the consistent-distortion solution. Nevertheless, the writer questions whether any penalty is suffered by working with the larger matrices generated by mixed force-displacement expressions. Based on experience in using this sort of formula­ tion, the writer's opinion is that considerable promise exists for this general approach. This seems to be in accord with the conclusions reached by Klein as a result of his studies. While initially one may feel overwhelmed by the large size of the structural matrix, the great number of zero elements which characteristically arises and the facility with which modern computers handle such problems often combine to produce a relatively simple solution. (3) It seems very likely that the capability of future com­ puters will lead to lower costs of large-matrix inversions and permit more exhaustive studies of limitations associated with various types and sizes of structural matrices.
Transtibial Prosthesis Suspension Failure During Skydiving Freefall: A Case Report

ABSTRACT This report describes the unusual case of an everyday-use prosthesis suspension system failure during the freefall phase of a skydiving jump. The case individual was a 53-year-old male with a left transtibial amputation secondary to trauma. He used his everyday prosthesis, a transtibial endoskeleton with push-button, plunger-releasing, pin-locking silicon liner suction suspension and a neoprene knee suspension sleeve, for a standard recreational tandem skydive. Within seconds of exiting the plane, the suspension systems failed, resulting in the complete prosthesis floating away. Several factors may have led to suspension system failure, including an inadequate seal and material design of the knee suspension sleeve and liner, lack of auxiliary suspension mechanisms, and lack of a safety cover overlying the push-button release mechanism. This is the first report, to our knowledge, to discuss prosthetic issues specifically related to skydiving. While amputees are to be encouraged to participate in t...
Continuous polymerization models—I: Polymerization in continuous stirred tank reactors

Abstract This paper involves an analytical study of polymerization kinetics in a stirred tank reactor. The technique used considers the polymer chain length as a continuous variable and reduces the infinite set of algebraic equations for the reactor to a finite set of differential equations. The solutions to the equations are presented for a variety of linear polymerization mechanisms. Non-linear polymerization and block polymerization are also investigated by the same technique. The feasibility of the technique is studied by extensive computation and some parametric studies are made.
Sites of initiation and pausing in the Escherichia coli rnpB (M1 RNA) transcript.

Abstract DNA sequences affecting the transcription of the Escherichia coli rnpB transcript encoding the catalytic M1 RNA subunit of RNase P have been analyzed. Previous work (Motamedi, H., Lee, Y., and Schmidt, F.J.) (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81, 3959-3963) identified S1 nuclease protection products corresponding to transcripts originating upstream of the M1 RNA gene. Sequence analysis of the upstream region of rnpB identified three regions homologous to the E. coli consensus promoter sequence. In the present work, analysis of in vitro transcription products by S1 nuclease mapping indicated that all three promoter homologies were capable of directing transcription. The nearest promoter, P-1, was approximately 100 times more active than either of the upstream homologies P-2 and vivo experiments, wherein the three promoter homologies preceding rnpB were cloned into the galactokinase (GalK) expression vector pKO100. The promoter homology nearest to the M1 RNA gene directed the synthesis of GalK above background. The upstream promoter homologies did not direct the synthesis of GalK at a level greater than 1% of transcription from P-1. Deletion of the upstream homologies did not affect transcription from P-1. It was concluded that P-1 is responsible for essentially all M1 RNA transcription in vivo. Single-round transcription experiments in vitro detected strong NusA-independent transcriptional pausing at nucleotides +118 and +121 of the rnpB transcript, with a half-life of 27 s when concentrations of NTPs were near the average Km for elongation. Pausing at these points was eliminated by substitution of ITP for GTP in the transcription mixture. This suggests that pausing is dependent on transcript secondary structure. The position of pausing corresponds to that of a dual stem and loop structure of M1 RNA which has recently been proposed on the basis of phylogenetic sequence analysis.
Multimedia Database Systems

One of the requirements of multimedia database systems is that they will need a data model more powerful than the relational model, without compromising its advantages. The relational data model exhibits limitations in terms of complex object support, type system, and object management. To address these issues, we have emphasized one key requirement for multimedia databases, which is the process of temporal synchronization. We have discussed various conceptual models to specify this requirement and have highlighted their capabilities and limitations. Still, a number of other issues need to be faced before multimedia database systems become a reality.
Access to Rural Mental Health Services: Service Use and Out-of-Pocket Costs

Purpose: To examine rural-urban differences in the use of mental health services (mental health and substance abuse office visits, and mental health prescriptions) and in the out-of-pocket costs paid for these services. Methods: The pooled 2003 and 2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were used to assess differences in mental health service use by rural and urban residence and average per person mental health expenditures by payer and by service type. Findings: Study findings reveal a complicated pattern of greater need among rural than urban adults for mental health services, lower rural office-based mental health use and higher rural prescription use, and no rural-urban differences in total or out-of-pocket expenditures for mental health services. Conclusions: These findings raise questions about the appropriateness and quality of mental health services being delivered to rural residents. Lower mental health spending among rural residents is likely explained by lower use of psychotherapy and other office-based services, but it may also be related to these services being delivered by lower-cost providers in rural areas. Findings suggest that an approach focusing on reducing underinsurance for all health services among rural residents may help to reduce unmet mental health needs among the rural privately insured.
Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of intradermal versus intramuscular hepatitis B vaccination in end-stage renal disease population unresponsive to primary vaccination series

AbstractIntroduction: The response to hepatitis B vaccine in the dialysis population is reduced compared to the general population. The intradermal (ID) hepatitis B vaccine has been studied as a potential alternative to intramuscular (IM) administration. This alternative route of administration may illicit a response via a distinct immunologic pathway that may help achieve higher seroconversion rates and thus, protection against hepatitis B infection in this vulnerable patient population. Methods: A literature search was performed in January 2015 using Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with keywords including, hepatitis B vaccines, intradermal, dermal, intracutaneous, dialysis, hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD, peritoneal dialysis, renal failure, chronic renal failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic renal insufficiency, End Stage Renal Disease, ESRD, and CKD. Our search strategy was restricted to human studies published in the English lan...
Multi-axis test of the toroidal field coil material for CIT

One TF conductor option being considered for the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) is an explosively welded laminated plate constructed of a C10700 copper core with a high-strength UNS7718 sheet on both sides. The feasibility of this approach is dependent on the explosion bonding process and the strength of the composite conductor to carry the applied loads. The purpose of the tests performed was to determine the strength of the metallic laminate under a state of biaxial fatigue loading. Two materials of different copper-to-718 thickness ratios were tested. In each test, two machined lap-shear-type specimens were tested simultaneously in a symmetrical back-to-back configuration. The test apparatus consisted of a 1,500,000-lb MTS machine which applied transverse compression (perpendicular to the lamination), and a floating load frame which applied axial tension. Shear stress was developed by the specimen design. The test specimens were subjected to a programmed constant-amplitude loading schedule for up to 6000 cycles at combined stress levels which reached 71000-psi compression, 42000-psi tension, and 12000-psi shear. >
Genome-wide association studies of rheumatoid arthritis data via multiple hypothesis testing methods for correlated tests

Genome-wide association studies often involve testing hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These tests may be highly correlated because of linkage disequilibrium among SNPs. Multiple testing correction ignoring the correlation among markers, as is done in the Bonferroni procedure, can cause loss of power. Several multiple testing adjustment methods accounting for correlations among tests have been developed and have shown improved power compared to the Bonferroni procedure. These methods include a Monte Carlo (MC) method and a method of computing p-values adjusted for correlated tests. The objective of this study is to apply these two multiple testing methods to genome-wide association study of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 rheumatoid arthritis data from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium, to compare the performance of these two methods to the Bonferroni procedure in identifying susceptibility loci underlying rheumatoid arthritis, and to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. The results show that both the MC method and p-values adjusted for correlated tests method identified more significant SNPs, thus potentially have higher power than the corresponding Bonferroni methods using the same test statistics as in the MC method and p-values adjusted for correlated tests, respectively. Simulation studies demonstrate that the MC method may have slightly higher power than the p-values adjusted for correlated tests method.
Orthogonal alignment of the missing-rows and dangling bonds in {001} surfaces of different III-V semiconductors with the same periodicity

Abstract It is shown that the {001} surfaces of different III–V compound semiconductors with the same periodicity can have different reconstructed geometries with orthogonal alignments of the 1st-layer dangling bond direction and the missing row direction. This is manifest at the InAs InP {001} interface, where time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS) is used to characterize the surface elemental composition and the structural transition.
Organizational Culture and Innovation in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between organizational culture and organizational innovativeness in a sample of nonprofit human service organizations in Alabama. It was hypothesized that cultural consensus and organizational values (the content of consensus) would be important predictors of organizational innovativeness. Leadership and size were included as control variables. Organizational innovativeness was inversely related to cultural consensus, positively correlated with the innovation and the aggressiveness value dimensions, and negatively correlated with the stability value dimension. It was not related to leadership but was positively related to size. In a regression analysis cultural consensus was the only significant predictor.
Determining eosin as a groundwater migration tracer by capillary electrophoresis/laser‐induced fluorescence using a multiwavelength laser

Measurements for determining of the path of groundwater migration remain an important tool in the overall assessment of environmental processes and transport of pollutants. This paper examines a multiwavelength laser for the determination of eosin, a groundwater tracer, using capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) at excitation wavelength 514.5 nm. Eosin was one of four dyes used in a study of adjacent resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) and Superfund sites (created by the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act) that routinely relied on spectrofluorimetry for determination as we have previously reported. However, the improved specificity of CE-LIF is further illustrated in this work applied to the analysis of adsorbent pads placed in monitoring wells after dye injection and flushing from injection wells. The multiwavelength laser provided the capability to analyze for several dyes with one laser. The advantages/disadvantages of CE-LIF versus spectrofluorimetry are discussed. Spectrofluorimetry is fast and sensitive and will likely continue to be the primary workhorse technique. CE-LIF could provide confirmation when greater specificity is needed in a regulatory context.
APRIL mediates peritoneal B-1 cell homeostasis

BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator) family cytokines and receptors play key roles in B-2 cell maturation and survival, but their importance for B-1 cells remains less clear. Here we use knockout mice to show that APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand), but not BLyS, plays a role in peritoneal B-1 cell maintenance. APRIL likely exerts its effects on peritoneal B-1 cells through binding to HSPG (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) rather than to the TACI (transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) receptor. Finally, we show that peritoneal macrophages express high levels of APRIL message, and are a likely local source of the cytokine in this anatomic locale.
Erratum: Raman scattering and photoluminescence in boron-doped and arsenic-doped silicon

The deformation potentials and $g$ values of the ground state of the boron acceptor in silicon have been determined from a study of the stress and Zeeman splitting of the electronic Raman scattering in this material. The stress splitting of the Raman line results from a twofold splitting of the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ ground state only and yields the shear deformation potentials ${b}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}1.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ eV and ${d}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}4.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12$ eV. The temperature dependence of the Zeeman spectra indicates that the observed Zeeman components arise only from a splitting of the acceptor ground state. This conclusion is supported by the anisotropy of the Zeeman pattern which is characteristic of the splitting of a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ level. An analysis of the Zeeman splittings yields the phenomenological average $g$ value squared ${M}^{2}=1.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ and the anisotropy parameter $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\ensuremath{-}0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$. The corresponding parameters of the Luttinger spin Hamiltonian are $K=0.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09$ and $L=0.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ in contrast to the values of $K=1.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ and $L=0.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ obtained by Feher, Hensel, and Gere using paramagnetic resonance in uniaxially stressed samples. The $g$ values obtained from magneto-Raman measurements on stressed samples are consistent with the zero-stress magneto-Raman results, and the discrepancy between the two sets of experimental results remains unexplained. The Zeeman splitting of the photoluminescence of excitons bound to neutral arsenic donors has been interpreted in terms of a simplified model of the silicon band structure. For the $g$ value of the hole in the bound-exciton complex we obtain ${M}^{2}=1.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\ensuremath{-}0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ corresponding to $K=0.74$ and $L=0.22$; for the $g$ value of the ground state of the arsenic donor we get ${g}_{e}=1.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$. The electronic $g$ value is in disagreement with electron-spin-resonance results. A quadratic diamagnetic shift of the bound exciton is also observed.
Properties and regulation of the UVRABC endonuclease.

Resume Ce rapport resume le clonage des genes uvrA, uvrB et uvrC d' E. coli , l'identification et l'isolement des produits des genes, la regulation des genes et la reconstitution d'une endonuclease UVRABC a partir des composants isoles individuellement.
2 Gbit/s 0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor optical transceiver with event-driven dynamic power-on capability

A 2 Gb/s0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor optical transceiver designed for board- or backplane level power-efficient interconnections is presented. The transceiver supports optical wake-on-link (OWL), an event-driven dynamic power-on technique. Depending on external events, the transceiver resides in either the active mode or the sleep mode and switches accordingly. The active-to-sleep transition shuts off the normal, gigabit link and turns on dedicated circuits to establish a low-power (~1.8 mW), low data rate (less than 100 Mbits/s) link. In contrast the normal, gigabit link consumes over 100 mW. Similarly the sleep-to-active transition shuts off the low-power link and turns on the normal, gigabit link. The low-power link, sharing the same optical channel with the normal, gigabit link, is used to achieve transmitter/receiver pair power-on synchronization and greatly reduces the power consumption of the transceiver. A free-space optical platform was built to evaluate the transceiver performance. The experiment successfully demonstrated the event-driven dynamic power-on operation. To our knowledge, this is the first time a dynamic power-on scheme has been implemented for optical interconnects. The areas of the circuits that implement the low-power link are approximately one-tenth of the areas of the gigabit link circuits.
Creatine kinase from the bovine myometrium: purification and characterization

Creatine kinase from the smooth muscle of the cow uterus was extracted and purified by procedures involving precipitation of the enzyme in the presence of ethanol, cation exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose, gel filtration in Sephadex G-150 and anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purified enzyme eluted as a single active peak after rechromatography on Sephadex G-150 with a molecular weight of about 82 000. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in tris-glycine buffer (pH 8.6) under non-denaturing conditions revealed a single enzymatically active protein band. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, the enzyme migrated as a single band in polyacrylamide gels at a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of about 40 000 per subunit. Reaction with iodoacetamide indicated the presence of sulphydryl groups of differing susceptibility to alkylation. The purified enzyme was optimally active over a wide pH range (6.5–8.0). The Michaelis constants (K m) of the enzyme for MgADP and phosphoryl creatine (PCr) are 0.12mm and 0.7mm respectively, which are significantly lower than those for skeletal muscle CK. MgADP lowered the dissociation constant of the enzyme for PCr (from about 3.6mm to 0.7mm). Evidence is presented that the high affinity of the smooth muscle CK to MgADP and the MgADP-mediated facilitation of PCr binding might be key factors in the role of this enzyme in harnessing the energy reserves of the cell.
Sex-Role Orientation, Self-Esteem, and Uniqueness: An Exploration of the Undifferentiated Category:

72 college students took the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, the five-scale Offer Self-image Questionnaire, and the Need for Uniqueness scale. Differences in self-esteem and uniqueness scores among undifferentiated, feminine, masculine, and androgynous individuals were determined. The analysis showed that androgynous and masculine individuals had generally better self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals. There were sex differences in self-esteem only for sexual and for social self-esteem. These differences were predicted by sex-role orientation with men's sexual self-esteem being enhanced by masculinity and depressed by femininity, whereas women's social self-esteem was predicted by masculinity. Need for Uniqueness appears to be an aspect of self-esteem for women but not for men.
Assessment of and Services for Substance-Abusing Women Offenders in Community and Correctional Settings:

This article summarizes previous literature on the needs of substance-abusing women offenders and presents the main findings of a nationwide survey of community-based and corrections-based treatment programs for women offenders and of site visits to such programs. Several program characteristics were found that pose obstacles to women's entry and successful involvement in treatment: absence of child care, especially among programs for both men and women; restrictive screening instruments that deny access to, for example, pregnant women and women with mental impairment; and needs assessment protocols that lack comprehensive standards, resulting in a failure to properly perceive women's needs and provide, or refer to, appropriate services. To effectively address the problems of drug abuse, drug-related health problems, and drug-related criminal activity among women, programs should move toward a system-oriented approach to service delivery that emphasizes linkage of criminal justice agencies, drug treatment...
Social Impacts of a Stream Reclamation Project on Urban Anglers

Abstract Portions of the Huron River in southern Michigan and four impounded sections were heavily fished by nearby urban residents. A rotenone treatment in fall 1972 removed the predominantly rough fish population and seven species of sport fish were subsequently stocked. Anglers were interviewed in 1972 before treatment, and again in 1974, to obtain comparative data on the social changes as well as the fishery. There were no significant changes in the amount of fishing, degree of satisfaction, income and sex ratio of the anglers. From 1972 to 1974, a decline was observed in catch per hour (1.5 to 0.4) and average age of anglers (37 to 28 years). Black anglers predominated in 1972; white anglers in 1974. A creel census of catch and fishing satisfaction would not have detected the change in composition of anglers. Managers need to survey angler composition to accurately analyze census results. Managers relying only on comments of anglers after a reclamation project has been completed are likely to be misl...
Community size and the marital adjustment process

Recent research indicates that reward level is a better predictor of marital adjustment for urban than for rural women, while some specific reward areas are better predictors for urban men. Based upon questionnaire responses from 209 young, married subjects, the present study continues this line of inquiry by examining the impact of a variety of variables, in addition to reward levels, on adjustment. Findings indicate that more factors are significantly related to adjustment for urban than for rural subjects and that they are better predictors for the urban group. Rural/urban differences exist in the relative importance of the variables in predicting adjustment, with fairness issues being more important for rural respondents. The model explains 31.8% more of the variance in adjustment for urban than for rural subjects (75.1% vs. 43.3%). Results suggest that different social psychological process may be operating in the two groups. Implications for family scholars are discussed.
Application of the Gravity Survey Method to Watershed Hydrologya

A gravity survey covering 250 square miles and including the Walnut Gulch watershed at Tombstone, Arizona has been conducted. The watershed is one of the experimental areas of the Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service in Tucson, Arizona. The gravity survey method was selected as the geophysical method that would give a regional picture of the subsurface geology before making extensive surveys by the seismic. refraction method. Basically, the gravity survey method detects and measures variations in the earth's gravitational force. These variations are associated with changes in rock and alluvium density near the surface. Many geologic structures of interest in watershed ground-water hydrology cause disturbances in the normal density distribution which give rise to anomalies. The geology of the watershed is typical of Basin and Range province and contains deep basin fill deposits surrounded on the east, south, and southwest by igneous intrusives, volcanics, and sedimentary rocks. Concealed border faults may have a decided effect on the hydrology of the watershed. Four base stations were established and 360 gravity stations occupied by a Worden Educator* gravimeter loaned from the Geophysics Laboratory of the University of Arizona. Bench marks and large scale topographic maps served as control. Raw field data were reduced to the simple Bouguer anomaly values through the use of a computer program. The gravity survey reveals a 16-mgal. gravity low over the east-central portion of the watershed. This low is interpreted as indicating that about 3200 feet of low density alluvium underlies the area at this point. Gravity highs are associated with mountain ranges and igneous plugs where the more dense rocks occur.
SOME BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF REGULAR SOLUTION THEORY

ABSTRACT There is firm experimental and theoretical justification for expecting that solution theories, in this case regular solution theory, can be applied in a semi-empirical manner to questions of biological interest. This background is outlined and one of the possible models resulting from the use of regular solution theory is applied to the analysis of erythrocyte haemolysis. Suggestive evidence arising from correlations of n -octanol-water partition coefficients with parameters appropriate to this approach tends to indicate that regular solution theory may apply to a wider variety of biological systems than has previously been thought.
BONE SARCOMA FOLLOWING ORTHOVOLTAGE RADIOTHERAPY IN TWO DOGS

In two dogs that received orthovoltage radiotherapy, osteosarcoma developed in irradiated bone 38 and 77 months after treatment. Irridiated bone in one dog was presumably normal prior to radiotherapy; irradiated bone in the other was infiltrated by an acanthomatous epulis. Both osteosarcomas were probably radiation induced. Radiation-induced bone sarcoma is an important, but uncommon, complication of radiaotherapy.
Intraperitoneal administration and other modifications of the 2-deoxy-d-glucose technique

Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions necessary for implementing modifications of the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DDG) technique. Substitution of tritium-labeled 2-DDG with subsequent microdissection of selected brain regions and liquid scintillation counting produced results that were highly correlated with both [14C]radioautograms and glucose utilization values as obtained by Sokoloff et al. The route of administration of isotope was also varied. Whole brain uptake at maximal levels of incorporation was the same for both intravenously and intraperitoneally injected animals. Radioautograms from i.p. and i.v. injected animals were indistinguishable. Densitometric analyses of the i.p. radioautograms were highly correlated with glucose utilization values. Thus, relative indices of functional activity may be obtained when experimental circumstances preclude arteriovenous cannulations and restraint. The use of naive, unrestrained animals, therefore, makes the 2-DDG technique applicable to a broader range of studies.
Parvovirus infections of mice and rats

Abstract The recent discovery of new rodent parvoviruses indicate that the properties and effects of these viruses are more diverse than previously thought. They include virus and host-dependent effects on pathogenicity, persistent infection, immunomodulation and oncosuppression. The diversity and prevalence of rodent parvoviruses and their potential for interference with animal-based research present compelling reasons for investigating parvoviral–host interactions in vivo . Such studies should also improve understanding of parvoviral biology for the benefit of both human and animal health.
A novel anti-proliferative property of clusterin in prostate cancer cells

Clusterin is a ubiquitous secretory glycoprotein that is known to suppress certain forms of apoptosis. Since apoptosis and proliferation are two opposing cellular events, it remains unclear if clusterin has any effect on cellular proliferation. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of clusterin on proliferation in a prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. We found that clusterin inhibited EGF-mediated proliferation in these cells, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and by cell counting. Clusterin did not bind with EGF nor did it block phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. Treatment of LNCaP cells with EGF resulted in a transient increase in the expression of both c-Fos and c-Jun. Addition of clusterin to these cultures significantly down-regulated the protein level of c-Fos, but not c-Jun. These results demonstrated a novel biological role for clusterin. Clusterin is not only anti-apoptotic but also anti-proliferative. The anti-proliferative event maybe associated with a down-regulation of c-Fos.
Multi-decade biomass dynamics in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwood forest, Michigan, USA

Trends in living aboveground biomass and inputs to the pool of coarse woody debris (CWD) in an undisturbed, old-growth hemlock-northern hardwood forest in northern MI were estimated from multi-decade observations of permanent plots. Growth and demographic data from seven plot censuses over 47 years (1962-2009), combined with one-time measurement of CWD pools, help assess biomass/carbon status of this landscape. Are trends consistent with traditional notions of late-successional forests as equilibrial ecosystems? Specifically, do biomass pools and CWD inputs show consistent long-term trends and relationships, and can living and dead biomass pools and trends be related to forest composition and history? Aboveground living biomass densities, estimated using standard allometric relationships, range from 360-450 Mg/ha among sampled stands and types; these values are among the highest recorded for northeastern North American forests. Biomass densities showed significant decade-scale variation, but no consistent trends over the full study period (one stand, originating following an 1830 fire, showed an aggrading trend during the first 25 years of the study). Even though total above-ground biomass pools are neither increasing nor decreasing, they have been increasingly dominated, over the full study period, by very large (>70 cm dbh) stems and by the most shade-tolerant species (Acer saccharum and Tsuga canadensis). CWD pools measured in 2007 averaged 151 m(3)/ha, with highest values in Acer-dominated stands. Snag densities averaged 27/ha, but varied nearly ten-fold with canopy composition (highest in Tsuga-dominated stands, lowest in Acer-dominated); snags constituted 10-50% of CWD biomass. Annualized CWD inputs from tree mortality over the full study period averaged 1.9-3.2 Mg/ha/yr, depending on stand and species composition. CWD input rates tended to increase over the course of the study. Input rates may be expected to increase over longer-term observations because, (a) living biomass is increasingly dominated by very large trees whose dead trunks have longer residence time in the CWD pool, and (b) infrequent major disturbances, thought to be important in the dynamics of these forests, have not occurred during the study period but would be expected to produce major, episodic pulses in CWD input. Few fragments of old-growth cool-temperate forests remain, but such forests can constitute a very large carbon pool on a per-area basis. The carbon sink/source status of these forests remains unclear. While aboveground living biomass at this study site shows no strong aggrading or declining trend over the last half-century, this remains a modest span in the innate time-scale of late-successional forest. The effects of rare disturbances, long-term shifts in composition and size structure, and changes in soil carbon and CWD pools may all influence long-term carbon status.
A field experimental test of expectancy-valence incentive motivation techniques

Abstract Three types of inventive systems were developed in the context of expectancy-valence theory of work motivation. The first made valued outcomes contingent on performance; the second attempted to make these rewards contingent on effort; the third added additional, financially-based outcomes to the reward package. These three systems were run consecutively for 8 months in an Air Force technical training environment utilizing subjects from two training courses. The results indicated that for one course, the first two systems resulted in slight but meaningful increases in performance, and the third system was fairly powerful. No real performance effects were observed for the other course. Attitudes generally increased under the program. The results are discussed in terms of expectancy-valence theory and in terms of their practical implications. Consideration is given to those characteristics which are necessary for powerful incentive motivation programs.
Deployment Strategies and Performance Evaluation of a Virtual-Tag-Enabled Indoor Location Sensing Approach

AbstractIndoor location information is valuable to the construction industry for a wide range of purposes, including on-site personnel safety, asset security, facility maintenance, and in-building emergency response. Indoor location sensing includes presence detection and location calculation, for which a number of technologies and algorithms have been tested. To advance the research in this area, the paper proposes an improved radio frequency identification (RFID)-based location-sensing algorithm that uses virtual tags to increase cost effectiveness and robustness. A series of tests were conducted in a controlled environment, and the findings on algorithm parameter optimization, equipment deployment strategies, system accuracy/cost tradeoff, and robustness are presented in the paper. The results show that a mean accuracy of 1.94±0.17 m for stationary targets and 1.42±0.49 m for mobile targets can be achieved, and that the system holds promise for robustness. Virtual tags are proven to reduce cost and i...
Evaluation of the Environmental and Economic Impacts of Warm-Mix Asphalt Using Life-Cycle Assessment

The use of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has received considerable attention in recent years to reduce energy consumption and air emissions. Despite these promising benefits, the promotion of WMA based on a single factor such as reduced energy consumption or reduced emissions does not provide a complete evaluation of this technology and may omit critical environmental factors that should be considered in the decision-making process. The objective of this paper was to conduct a life-cycle assessment of WMA technology as compared with a conventional hot-mix asphalt mixture. To achieve this objective, a life-cycle inventory (LCI) that quantifies the energy, material inputs, and emission during aggregate extraction, asphalt binder production, and hot-mix asphalt production and placement, was developed. Based on this inventory, life-cycle impact assessment of WMA technology was conducted. Based on this analysis, it was determined that WMA provides a reduction of 24% on the air pollution impact of hot-mix asphalt (HMA...
Promoting the moral development of accounting graduate students: an instructional design and assessment

This paper examines the effects of exposing accounting graduate students to professional ethics. First, a method of instruction that encourages students to consider the ethical implications of business decisions was developed. This instruction included exposure to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, study of professional codes of ethics, and extensive use of written and video ethics cases. Next, instructional effectiveness was assessed through a pre-post-test with control group design. An accounting-specific test instrument was developed and validated. This instrument contains decision scenarios designed to elicit and identify students' stages of ethical reasoning, Test results revealed that students receiving ethics instruction demonstrated gains in ethical reasoning within the decision context. Appropriately designed ethics modules can thus foster consisitent consideration of ethical issues in decision making.
Attenuation of hypertension by systemic delivery of retroviral vector containing type I angiotensin II receptor antisense cDNA.

Despite recent strides in the traditional pharmacological therapies in the control and management of hypertension, a successful prevention and cure for this disease by conventional drug strategy remain at a standstill. We have begun to investigate the conceptual possibility of the use of gene therapy in the control of hypertension. In this article we describe an experimental protocol that provides proof of the principle that antisense (AS) inhibition of Type I angiotensin II receptor (AT(1)-R) could prevent development of hypertension on a long-term basis. A retrovirus-based vector has been used to deliver AT(1)R-AS with high efficiency that attenuates development of high blood pressure and hypertension-associated cardiac and vascular pathophysiology in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.