cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pay: Evaluating Performance, Incentives, and Incentive Pay

When I teach managers or students about compensation, one of the first questions I ask is how many in the room have been professional cucumber pickers? And I slowly raise my own hand. As of yet, I have not met anyone in any of these settings who, like me, has been a professional cucumber picker. I grew up near farms in western Massachusetts and most of the other kids and I worked on the farms picking cucumbers that were processed and sold as pickles. Of course, this is a ridiculous, albeit true, example, but it highlights some important points in compensation design and strategy. An Example: Picking Cucumbers I then ask the group their opinion about the best way to pay a person who picks cucumbers. Many say “by the cucumber” or “by the pound” – the traditional piece rate idea. They say that this is the best method because “performance” matters and that those who pick more can be rewarded for their efforts and that it must be simple to just weigh the cucumbers. It turns out that paying cucumber pickers by the pound of cucumbers picked would be a disaster! Large cucumbers are nearly worthless (they can only be used for relish and the world only needs so much relish; in my own opinion, the world could do with a little less). Workers could just let the cucumbers grow and grow and pull out 2.5 pounders; big, heavy, and worthless. So this then leads to all kinds of additional suggestions – by the week, by the hour, based on individual performance, based on group performance, and so forth. It turns out that most cucumber pickers in western Massachusetts are paid by the hour. Why?
Renal Involvement in the Systemic Inflammatory Reaction Syndrome

Uncontrolled infection quite often leads to systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) syndrome. Thirty-five consecutive patients (19 males) fulfilling strict diagnostic criteria for SIRS were enrolled in two multicenter prospective double-blind trials involving new therapies for SIRS. The patients were followed prospectively up to day 28 after the enrollment. In the 35 patients with SIRS, males predominated in the age group below 40 (10/12, 83%) compared to the older group (nine males out of 23, 39%). Out of 16 females presenting with SIRS, only two were below the age of 40. This distribution was statistically different than our general MICU population. The serum albumin in these patients was uniformly low, with a mean of 22.5 gm/L. The bulk of SIRS patients (22/35; 63%) went on to develop acute renal failure (ARF). Although statistically not different, skin and peritoneal infections were more common in ARF group while pulmonary infections in non-ARF group. The majority of blood-cultures grew gram-positive organisms. Resolution of SIRS occurred within first 3 days in greater number of non-ARF survivors than ARF survivors (6/9, 66.7% vs. 6/16, 37.5%). Of the 22 ARF patients, 17 showed improvement in their renal function; the five who did not, died before day 28. The overall mortality (about 32%) was similar in both groups. Patients who developed both ARF and ARDS did not survive. In conclusion. SIRS occurs mostly in elderly patients, almost always in patients with low albumin levels. Premenopausal women seem to be protected. Blood cultures isolated a gram-positive organism in the majority of cases. Improvement in serum creatinine suggests good prognosis. The mortality in ARF and non-ARF groups is similar.
Topology aware task mapping techniques: an api and case study

Optimal network performance is critical to efficient parallel scaling for communication-bound applications on large machines. With wormhole routing, no-load latencies do not increase significantly with number of hops traveled. Yet, we, and others have recently shown that in presence of contention, message latencies can grow substantially large. Hence task mapping strategies should take the topology of the machine into account on large machines. This poster presents a uniform API which provides topology information on 3D tori like IBM Blue Gene and Cray XT machines. We present techniques to use this API to improve performance. The API can be used by user-level codes to obtain information about allocated partitions at runtime which is essential for mapping.We motivate why it is important to consider network topology, using a simple 3D Stencil kernel. We then present mapping strategies for a production code, OpenAtom, running on three-dimensional torus and mesh topologies. OpenAtom presents complex communication scenarios of interaction between multiple groups of objects. Results are presented in the context of 3D Stencil and OpenAtom on up to 16,384 processors of Blue Gene/L, 8,192 processors of Blue Gene/P and 2,048 processors of Cray XT3.
Integration of local orientation in strabismic amblyopia

In order to investigate the processes which integrate local orientation information in observers with strabismic amblyopia, we measured contrast thresholds for discriminating the global orientation of a pattern (3 "bars") comprised of Gabor patches. We found that in both eyes of amblyopic observers, as has been reported for normal observers [Saarinen, Levi & Shen (1997) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 94, 8267-8271], there is an approximately two-fold enhancement of contrast sensitivity when the global and local orientations are aligned (relative to mixed orientations), and a smaller enhancement when the global and local orientations are orthogonal. This orientation dependent enhancement occurs despite substantial losses of contrast sensitivity. These results suggest that the integration processes in the amblyopic eye that operate to enhance detection are essentially intact.
Multiple Suicide Attempts and Informal Labeling: An Exploratory Study

Attempted suicide is considered to be a form of deviant behavior. Multiple suicide attempts are evaluated within the labeling perspective. Specifically, it is determined if labeling theory can explain acts of repeated suicide attempts as a form of deviance. Two hypotheses are created to test the influence of informal labeling on multiple suicide attempts. Family and friends constitute the categories most important in informal labeling. Labeling by them is measured through a series of behavioral scales. It is hypothesized that the greater the labeling by each of these categories, the greater the likelihood of recurrence of attempted suicide. It is also predicted that the greater the "self concept as suicidal," the greater the likelihood of recurrence. Labeling by family and friends was found to be significantly related to repeat. Conclusions about the relationship between "suicidal self-concept" and repeat were not drawn.
Beckung and Kyllerman reply

‘Beckung and Kyllerman reply’ SIR–We are grateful for the valuable comments made by Dan et al.1 regarding our study on motor function in children with Angelman syndrome.2 We highly appreciate the additional information provided by Bernard Dan and Guy Cheron on advanced kinematic analysis comparing motor control in children developing normally with children with Angelman syndrome. In the clinical setting of our study we found that distal lower limb spasticity, ataxic-like gait, stiff lower limbs, and the presence of coactivation during locomotion were significantly more frequent in children with Angelman syndrome than in the comparison group of children with retardation of motor function from other causes. These results indicate that the physiology of pathological locomotion in children with Angelman syndrome is somewhat similar to that described in children with cerebral palsy (CP), and other upper motor-neuron syndromes. However, the dominant impression is of immaturity in execution, on a par with the generally low developmental level. As collaborators of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) network we apply the definition of CP as ‘a group of disorders, involving a disorder of movement and posture and of motor function, permanent but not unchanging, due to a non-progressive interference, lesion, and/or abnormality in the developing/immature brain’.3 In our opinion, motor problems in children with Angelman syndrome mainly represent immature dyscoordinated movement patterns, similar to those seen in the early stages of motor development. All children in this study functioned at a very immature gross and fine motor developmental level. We did also imply in our paper that the specific movement patterns were not purely immaturity. Signs of ataxia and spasticity were more prevalent in the Angelman syndrome group than the comparison group, which may indicate that there are additional dysfunctions specific to children with Angelman syndrome. We also found that the movement pattern was ataxic-like but differed from the dysmetria, dyssynergia, and dysequilibrium seen in individuals with cerebellar ataxia syndromes. Neurological abnormalities were mild, and, in our opinion, did not qualify for a diagnosis of CP. Difficulties experienced by children in the test probably resulted from central dyscoordination resulting in difficulties in positioning the body and interacting with the environment. Children seemed to have problems in sensory-motor integration, i.e. deficient interaction between multiple spinal and supraspinal systems. We considered that neurological abnormalities observed in children in our study with Angelman syndrome impeded motor function less than or as much as immaturity did. On the grounds mentioned above, the motor difficulties were insufficient for a diagnosis of spastic diplegic or ataxic CP, although mild neurological signs were present.
Interaction of Male and Female Midges, Anarete pritchardi Kim, Leading to Coupling

The movement of female and male midges, Anarete pritchardi Kim, in a swarm prior, during and following coupling was described in five cases. Along with two couplings described in an earlier paper, a possible cue of interaction leading to coupling was identified, namely a sharp turn of the female, a sharp turn of the male, then followed by the convergence of flight paths. The male then eased up to the female to make contact.
An Adaptive Environment for the Identification of Morphing UCAV Mission Requirements

Over the past few years there has been a considerable amount of interest in morphing aircraft. Instead of focusing on morphing technology or even a specific aircraft configuration, this paper describes the process for the identification of the mission requirements for a morphing UCAV. An adaptive environment for evaluating the benefits of morphing aircraft from a system of systems perspective was created through the utilization of a program called Aircraft Time Critical Target Mission Analysis Simulation (ATMAS) in conjunction with meta-modeling techniques and data evaluation algorithms. ATMAS models a wartime search and destroy mission scenario for various existing and future aircraft fleets, and it was used to ascertain the benefits of a fleet of morphing UCAVs in comparison to alternative present and future operational architectures. This allowed for mission requirements to be determined and the concept of a morphing aircraft to be evaluated without limiting the design space by specifying individual aircraft performance criteria.
Neurobiology of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders.

There are many facets of the neurobiology of substance use that are distinct in adolescence as compared with adulthood. The adolescent brain is subject to intense subcortical reward processes, but is left with an immature prefrontal control system that is often unable to resist the pull of potentially exciting activities like substance use, even when fully aware of the dangers involved. Peer influences serve only to magnify these effects and foster more sensation-seeking, risky behavior. The unique aspects of neurobiology should be taken into consideration when designing prevention programs and clinical interventions for adolescent substance use disorders.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
Evidence for Extending the Duration of Chemoprophylaxis following Free Flap Harvest from the Lower Extremity: Prospective Screening for Deep Venous Thrombosis.

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing harvest of a free flap from the lower extremity who were receiving standard chemoprophylaxis while hospitalized.Methods:A retrospective review of 65 con
DC-DC converter based photovoltaic simulator with a double current mode controller

This paper explores the performance of a dc–dc converter, which emulates the output characteristics of a real photovoltaic (PV) module. The PV simulator uses a double current mode controller to ensure fast and accurate reproduction of a module's current-voltage (IV) characteristics. A portable PV simulator prototype of 85 W is examined in terms of its steady state IV curve matching capacity and the convergence time corresponding to step changes in current source load, voltage source load, and insolation levels. The IV characteristics of the PV module are implemented as a look-up-table, which determines the reference output current from measured output voltage. The Thevenin equivalent circuit of the PV module is used to model its small-signal (linearized) characteristics for stability analysis. Extensive simulation and experimental results, with loads that have current-source, voltage-source, and resistive characteristics, validate the converter's suitability for replacing a PV module in most laboratory situations. Modularity and compatibility with a maximum power point tracker have also been validated.
A Prediction-correction Based Pitch Control Strategy for Variable-speed Constant-frequency Wind Power Generators

Since the existing pitch control strategy is not effective around the rated wind speed,an improved one with predictioncorrection function is proposed in this paper.In this improved strategy,a moving average method is used to process the wind speed,and then the predicted values of pitch angle are obtained using the curve-fitting method.On this basis,the control error is corrected by a PI controller.The performance of the existing and the proposed pitch control strategies are compared by simulations.The simulation results show that the improved strategy can reduce the fluctuations of random wind effectively,enable the wind turbine capture more wind energy under the rated wind speed,and improve the wind turbine performance above the rated wind speed by reducing pitch frequency.The field test results also verify the improved strategy.
Postoperative axonal changes in the contralateral hemisphere in children with medically refractory epilepsy: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging connectome analysis.

To determine brain plasticity changes due to resective epilepsy surgery in children, we performed a longitudinal connectome analysis on the pattern of axonal connectivity in the contralateral hemisphere. Pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired from 35 children with intractable focal epilepsy. A total of 54 brain regions of interest (ROIs) were generated in the hemisphere contralateral to the resection. Within a 54 × 54 connectivity matrix, a pairwise connectivity score was calculated for each connection between two ROIs, based on the DTI fiber streamline number in each connection. A permuted Spearman's ρ-rank analysis was used to identify specific inter-regional connections showing a significant association between the postoperative change of connectivity score and clinical variables. Nineteen connections in the contralateral hemisphere showed postoperative increases in the strength of connectivity. Postoperative increase in connectivity between insular-inferior frontal operculum regions as well as that between superior frontal orbital and mid frontal orbital regions were both significantly associated with a larger surgical resection volume (ρ > +0.40) and a younger patient age (ρ > -0.34). These increases were more robust in patients with frontal resection and in those achieving seizure freedom. Neuropsychological evaluation on subsets of patients revealed that such increases in connectivity were associated with preserved or improved cognitive functions such as visual memory and planning. Resective epilepsy surgery may lead to increased contralateral axonal connectivity in children with focal epilepsy. Our data lead to a hypothesis that such increased connectivity may be an imaging marker of postoperative brain plasticity to compensate for cognitive function. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3946-3956, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexuality in dependent living situations.

Clearly, sexuality changes as we progress through life. For that segment of the aged population that resides independently in thecommunity, sexual activity may continue unabated. In contrast, sexual activity for those elders who reside in nursing homes may change dramatically because of either functional inability or externally imposed behavioral guidelines. Through greater insight and compassion, it may be possible for care providers to enhance that component of life that was so stimulating and rewarding in early adulthood.
Nouveau Lyrisme et autobiographie

(1997). Nouveau Lyrisme et autobiographie. Sites: The Journal of Twentieth-Century/Contemporary French Studies revue d'etudes francais: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 433-449.
A Vision Based Navigation System for an Agricultural Field Robot

Some developed countries need automation of agricultural tasks, since doing them by hand is becoming more and more expensive. This motivates to build a robot capable of navigating in a plantation for performing agricultural tasks. An autonomous navigation technique is developed, using as main sensor, the information coming from a camera. These techniques are tested in a controlled environment, for evaluating the performance.
Reduction of Aflatoxin in Corn by High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma

This study investigated the efficacy of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) treatment on degradation of aflatoxin in corn. Gas type (Air, MA65), relative humidity (5, 40, 80% RH), treatment time (1, 2, 5, 10, 20,and 30 min), mode of reaction, post-treatment storage, stirring of corn material were parameters investigated on degradation of aflatoxin by HVACP treatment. Generation of reactive gas species was characterized with optical emission spectroscopy and measured with dragger tubes. Generation of reactive gas species are influence by gas type and relative humidity. Higher concentration of ozone and NOx were generated during HVACP treatment in MA65 than in air and with lower relative humidity. Aflatoxin in corn could be rapidly degraded by HVACP treatment. Aflatoxin in corn was degraded by 62% and 82% by 1 and 10 min HVACP treatment in RH 40% air, respectively. The degradation kinetics of aflatoxin by HVACP treatment follows a logistic model. Higher degradation of aflatoxin was achieved in gas MA65, at higher relative humidities (40%, 80%). Direct or indirect HVACP treatment was equally effective in degrading aflatoxin in corn. Stirring the corn sample during HVACP treatment and post-treatment storage increased aflatoxin degradation in corn by HVACP treatment.
Performance Evaluation and Modeling of an Industrial Application-Layer Firewall

The availability of performance studies and simple models for firewalls able to deal with industrial application-layer communication protocols, such as Modbus/TCP, is crucial when the impact of these devices has to be estimated, even roughly, before their actual deployment in industrial networks. Unfortunately, most manufacturers do not provide this kind of information for commercial off-the-shelf available products. Thus, a viable solution is the development and experimental validation of simple models that can be used by designers to predict those firewall characteristics not explicitly related to their security capabilities. As an example, latency introduced on message forwarding is an aspect of significant interest in many industrial control systems, where delays and jitters in data delivery can severely impact on the effectiveness of the control actions. This paper reports on our experience in developing a performance model for a commercial device able to perform advanced application-layer filtering, in particular of Modbus/TCP traffic. A set of ad hoc designed experiments, performed by means of a purposely developed laboratory testbed, enabled both model development and validation, confirming a good correspondence of the estimated performance with the device actual behavior.
Reading Scripture Spiritually: Bonaventure, the Quadriga, and Spiritual Formation Today:

Modern Christians often polarize the otherwise inseparable realities of academic reading and personal reading of Scripture. While generally not declared outright, many Christians consider the two m...
On the Efficiency of Stable Matchings in Large Markets

Stability is often the goal for clearinghouses in matching markets, such as those matching residents to hospitals, students to schools, etc. Stable outcomes absent transfers need not be utilitarian efficient, suggesting the potential value of transfers. We study the wedge between stability and efficiency in large one-to-one matching markets. We show stable matchings are efficient asymptotically for a large class of preferences. In these environments, stability remains an appealing objective even on efficiency grounds, and monetary transfers are not necessary for efficiency purposes. Nonetheless, for severely imbalanced markets, when preferences entail sufficient idiosyncrasies, stable outcomes may be inefficient even asymptotically.
Propagation and Evolution of ICMES in the Solar Wind

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) evolve as they propagate outward from the Sun. They interact with and eventually equilibrate with the ambient solar wind. One difficulty in studying this evolution is that ICMEs have no unique set of identifying characteristics, so boundaries of the ICMEs are difficult to identify. Two characteristics present in some ICMEs but generally not present in the ambient solar wind, high helium/proton density ratios and low tempera-ture/speed ratios, are used to identify ICMEs. We search the Helios 1 and 2, WIND, ACE, and Ulysses data for ICMEs with these characteristics and use them to study the radial evolution of ICMEs. We find that the magnetic field magnitude and density decrease faster in ICMEs than in the ambient solar wind, but the temperature decreases more slowly than in the ambient solar wind. Since we also find that ICMEs expand in radial width with distance, the protons within ICMEs must be heated. Scale sizes for He structures are smaller than for proton structures within ICMEs.
STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLE AND DISEASE RELATIONS OF THE PSILOSTOME TREMATODE SPHAERIDIOTREMA GLOBULUS (RUDOLPHI)

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a few studies on the life cycle and disease relations of the psilostome trematode S. globulus. The species has been reported for Western Europe, eastern, north central, and northwestern United States of America, and western Siberia, and, therefore, is circumpolar in distribution. In the studies, typical encysted metacercariae resulted from exposure of uninfected Flumenicola to cercariae from other individuals of the same species of host. Some differences were noted between the morphology of these larvae and descriptions given by Szidat, (1937) for those he observed in former East Prussia. Only about 25% of encysted metacercariae matured after they were fed to ducks. Minimum hatching time of eggs at room temperature was 11 days. The miracidium is occulate and eggs averaged 126 μ by 87 μ in size. Experimental infection of ducks with Sphaeridiotrema invariably resulted in cecal lesions and a high mortality of the birds.
The New Latin Nation: Immigration and the Hispanic Population of the United States

This article presents an overview of the Hispanic population of the United States, focusing on the sources of its growth, its internal composition, its connections with the countries of origin, its role in the U.S. economy, and the emerging second generation. Intergenerational differences in outlooks and self-identities and the forces leading to the emergence of a “thick” Hispanic identity in the second generation are examined. The obstacles to successful integration faced by this youthful population and evidence of both “upward” and “downward” assimilation among its members are analyzed. Implications for the field of race and ethnic relations and for public policy toward immigrants and their offspring are discussed.
Norms As Supplements

M /[OST readers of law reviews can distinguish a norm from a law. A norm is a practice and a law creates an obligation, at least for the purposes of this Essay. These practices often have mysterious origins and puzzling staying power, while laws come from fairly familiar institutions and are generally enforced in transparent fashion. The papers and comments that appear here, and that were presented at a conference entitled "The Legal Construction of Norms" at the University of Virginia School of Law, are representative of the emerging law-and-social-norms literature (but at the high end, of course). This work is largely about the coexistence of laws and norms, and often about the influence of either law on norms or of norms on law. My own contribution in this Essay, concentrated in Part I below, emphasizes the supplemental quality of norms rather than the "overlap," or duplication, between laws and norms. All the work in this symposium shows that these two tools are better than (either) one. And all the pieces here demonstrate that the coexistence of social practices and legal obligations raises a set of interesting questions, both about the division of labor between laws and norms and about the ability of these tools, jointly and severally, to promote common ends. Norms can supplement formal private arrangements as well as public rules. I consider the practice of paying gratuities following the receipt of certain personal services to help make this point about social norms as supplements to private contracts. It is, almost necessarily, an imperfect example of the supplemental quality of social norms with respect to private law. I then turn to the norms that accompany various public pronouncements, or laws, including
Intraoperative Subluxation of the Ulnar Nerve: Use of a Triceps Sling Reconstruction Technique.

Purpose To determine whether the triceps sling reconstruction technique is a safe and effective treatment of intraoperative ulnar nerve subluxation after in situ decompression. Methods Twelve patients who underwent a triceps sling reconstruction for intraoperative ulnar nerve subluxation after in situ release were retrospectively reviewed. The triceps sling technique consists of harvesting a small, distally based strip of triceps tendon and suturing the proximal end of the strip to the posterior aspect of the released Osborne ligament. Thus, a sling is created between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon, preventing the nerve from subluxating. Patients were clinically evaluated before and after surgery. Visual analog scale pain scores, static 2-point discrimination, strength, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score were assessed. Results At a mean follow-up of 31 months (range, 24–38 months), there was a significant improvement in mean visual analog pain scores from 8.6 to 0.2. Static 2-point discrimination was improved from a mean of 9.1 mm before surgery to 5.7 mm afterward. Strength improved by a mean of 33% and 30% with grip and pinch, respectively. Mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score improved from 45.9 to 3.7. No subluxation of the ulnar nerve was noted after surgery. No other complications were noted. No reoperations were required during the follow-up period. Conclusions Triceps sling reconstruction is a safe treatment in patients with intraoperative ulnar nerve subluxation after in situ decompression. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Lack of Lymphocyte Recovery After Esophagectomy Predicts Overall and Recurrence-Free Survival.

Abstract Background Lymphocytes have become the target of cancer interventions through engineering or immune checkpoint antibodies. We previously found decreased lymphocyte counts to be a predictor of mortality and complications in trauma and cardiac surgery patients. We hypothesized lack of lymphocyte count recovery postoperatively would predict outcomes in esophagectomy patients. Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma performed over 13 y at our center by a single surgeon after institutional review board approval was performed. Patients were grouped by postoperative lymphocytes counts: never low, low with recovery, and low without recovery. Resolution of lymphopenia was assessed by day 4. Primary end points were overall and recurrence-free survival. Results In total, 198 patients were included with a minimum 6-mo follow-up. Collectively the 5-y recurrence and overall survival rates were 36% and 50%, respectively. Recurrence was significantly higher at 5 y in patients with persistent lymphopenia (43%) compared with those who recovered (14% P = 0.0017) and those who never dropped (0% P = 0.0009). The persistent lymphopenia group had significantly lower survival (45%) compared with the two other groups (67% P = 0.0232). Conclusions There is a significant decrease in the overall and recurrence-free survival in those patients whose lymphocyte count drops without recovery after their esophagectomy. These data imply differences in immune responses to the stress of surgery that can be measured with routine postoperative laboratory values and are indicative of overall outcomes.
Endocytic membrane trafficking in the control of centrosome function.

Abstract Until recently, endocytic trafficking and its regulators were thought to function almost exclusively on membrane-bound organelles and/or vesicles containing a lipid bilayer. Recent studies have demonstrated that endocytic regulatory proteins play much wider roles in trafficking regulation and influence a variety of nonendocytic pathways, including trafficking to/from mitochondria and peroxisomes. Moreover, new studies also suggest that endocytic regulators also control trafficking to and from cellular organelles that lack membranes, such as the centrosome. Although endocytic membrane trafficking (EMT) clearly impacts pathways downstream of the centrosome, such as ciliogenesis (including transport to and from cilia), mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis, relatively few studies have focused on the growing role for EMT more directly on centrosome biogenesis, maintenance and control throughout cell cycle, and centrosome duplication. Indeed, a growing number of endocytic regulatory proteins have been implicated in centrosome regulation, including various Rab proteins (among them Rab11) and the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2. In this review, we will examine the relationship between centrosomes and EMT, focusing primarily on how EMT directly influences the centrosome.
“I want to … let my country shine”: Nationalism, development, and the geographies of beauty:

There is little geographic work on beauty. Yet beauty offers important insights into spatial, geopolitical, and geoeconomic processes. In this article, we attend to the powerful role of beauty labo...
Anti-symmetric representation of the extended magnetohydrodynamic equations

We introduce the anti-symmetric representation of the extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. In this representation, the use of the anti-symmetric flux operator ( ∇ · v + v · ∇ ) results in conservation theorems with discrete analogs. Inherently robust numerical applications are achieved with little effort, and conservation to machine precision is possible with simple numerical schemes. Starting from the two-fluid equations, we construct a single-fluid MHD model based on generalized center-of-mass variables for the mass ( ρ), momentum ( ρ v), and pressure ( p). This model is shown to possess identical conservation properties to the two-fluid system, with the only restriction being the use of a single temperature. Common approximations to the Braginskii heat fluxes and to the gyroviscous stress tensor are cast into our representation for convenience. The discrete conservation properties are verified using the classic Orszag–Tang vortex problem. In addition to the favorable mass, momentum, and energy conservation properties, the time reversibility of the simulations is demonstrated.
Animal Localization in Camera-Trap Images with Complex Backgrounds

Motion-sensor camera traps help collect images of animals in the wild without intruding upon their native habitat. To obtain key insights about animal health and population densities, accurate counting, detection and classification of animals is important. Deep convolution neural networks perform well on these tasks when the background is free from dense vegetation, shadows, occlusions and rapid illumination changes. However, when the camera traps are located in regions with extremely complex backgrounds, performance of these models degrades significantly. This is due to the fact that the models learn to focus on aspects of the image that are unrelated to the animals. In this paper, we propose a system based on Robust Principal Component Analysis (Robust PCA) that spatially localizes the animals in the image. This localization can then be integrated into existing models to improve classification and detection accuracy. We demonstrate that our system creates better localizations than those of a pre-trained R3Net.
The fast and superprocessive KIF1A predominately resides in a vulnerable one-head-bound state during its chemomechanical cycle

Kinesin-3 are the fastest and most processive motors of the three neuronal transport kinesin families, yet the sequence of states and rates of kinetic transitions that comprise the chemomechanical cycle are poorly understood. We used stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy and single-molecule motility assays to delineate the chemomechanical cycle of the kinesin-3, KIF1A. Our bacterially expressed KIF1A construct, dimerized via a kinesin-1 coiled-coil, exhibits fast velocity and superprocessivity behavior similar to wild-type KIF1A. We established that the KIF1A forward step is triggered by hydrolysis of ATP and not by ATP binding, meaning that KIF1A follows the same chemomechanical cycle as established for kinesin-1 and-2. The ATP-triggered half-site release rate of KIF1A was similar to the stepping rate, indicating that during stepping, rear-head detachment is an order of magnitude faster than in kinesin-1 and kinesin-2. Thus, KIF1A spends the majority of its hydrolysis cycle in a one-head-bound state. Both the ADP off-rate and the ATP on-rate at physiological ATP concentration were fast, eliminating these steps as possible rate limiting transitions. Based on the measured run length and the relatively slow off-rate in ADP, we conclude that attachment of the tethered head is the rate limiting transition in the KIF1A stepping cycle. The fast speed, superprocessivity and load sensitivity of KIF1A can be explained by a fast rear head detachment rate, a rate-limiting step of tethered head attachment that follows ATP hydrolysis, and a relatively strong electrostatic interaction with the microtubule in the weakly-bound post-hydrolysis state.
Effect of Platelet Thickness on Wear of Graphene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Composites

Under conditions of dry sliding against polished stainless steel, the steady-state wear rates of composites of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled with graphene platelets with typical platelet thickness varying between 1.25 and 60 nm were measured. The fraction of the graphene platelets was varied between 0.02 and 30 wt%, also including 0 % unfilled PTFE. With 4 % loading of the 1.25 and 1.6 nm thick graphene platelets, the measured steady-state wear rates approached ~4 × 10−7 mm3/Nm levels which are roughly three orders of magnitude lower than that measured for unfilled PTFE, decreasing further to 10−7 mm3/Nm at 10 % loading. In addition, among all the tested graphene platelets, the thinnest graphene platelets already imparted considerable wear resistance even at a low 0.32 % loading. The thicker graphene platelets also started providing some slight resistance to sliding wear but not until a greater filler loading of 1.1 %. For a given graphene platelet, there appears to be a lowest achievable steady-state wear rate, while the filler loading is gradually increased. For the 8 nm thick graphene platelets, this minimum was found to be about 3 × 10−7 mm3/Nm at a filler loading of about 20 %. When the wear rates are plotted as a function of the filler loading on log–log axes, for each of the graphene platelets, the wear rates are found to decrease linearly beyond a threshold filler loading up to at least 10 % filler loading. Wear rates corresponding to each type of graphene platelet fall on its own line on such a plot. However, when the wear rates are instead plotted as a function of the filler surface area available per unit mass of the composite, the data (with the exception of the thickest 60 nm platelets) collapse around a master line with slope of about −1.73.
Set4 regulates stress response genes and coordinates histone deacetylases within yeast subtelomeres

The yeast chromatin protein Set4 is a member of the Set3-subfamily of SET domain proteins which play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression in diverse developmental and environmental contexts. We previously reported that Set4 promotes survival during oxidative stress and regulates expression of stress response genes via stress-dependent chromatin localization. In this study, global gene expression analysis and investigation of histone modification status identified a role for Set4 in maintaining gene repressive mechanisms within yeast subtelomeres under both normal and stress conditions. We show that Set4 works in a partially overlapping pathway to the SIR complex and the histone deacetylase Rpd3 to maintain proper levels of histone acetylation and expression of stress response genes encoded in subtelomeres. This role for Set4 is particularly critical for cells under hypoxic conditions, where the loss of Set4 decreases cell fitness and cell wall integrity. These findings uncover a new regulator of subtelomeric chromatin that is key to stress defense pathways and demonstrate a function for Set4 in regulating repressive, heterochromatin-like environments.
A Study of Wind Turbine Parameter Calibration Using Machine Learning Approaches

The inertia and damping coefficients of a wind turbine define how the turbine reacts in a transient state. Unfortunately, the values of these coefficients are not always accurately known due to various reasons. This research uses machine learning techniques to determine these coefficients. By perturbing the values of inertia and damping coefficients, thousands of transient events were generated through simulations. The electrical measurements (real and reactive power) of the transient events were used to train a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network to learn the mapping between these time-series data with the corresponding coefficients. A support vector machine (SVM) based regression method was also used to predict the coefficient values using the same input data, and its performance was compared with the MLP approach. While both methods achieved acceptable results, the MLP method outperformed the SVM method by a large margin. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the impact of measurement noises and the size of the training data on the performance of machine learning based wind turbine parameter calibration.
MATConcat: An Application for Exploring Concatenative Sound Synthesis Using MATLAB

The author has developed an application in MATLAB implementing concatenative sound synthesis (CSS) using feature matching. CSS is a process of com- bining short pieces of recorded sound to construct new sonic forms. Historically, CSS was developed for text-to- speech synthesis, but recently it has been explored as a musical sound synthesis method. The results have been called 'musaics,' the sonic analogue to mosaics made from small pieces of colored tile. Though this MATLAB appli- cation is less sophisticated than other CSS algorithms, it is meant to be a free and open application for demonstrat- ing and experimenting with the process. The author has used this application to create many interesting and en- tertaining sound examples, as well as compositions. The application, and many sound examples, are available at http://www.mat.ucsb.edu/ b.sturm. Index Terms—Concatenative sound synthesis, feature ex- traction, feature matching, composition
Bile acid transport across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane.

Transport of bile acids across the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte provides the primary motive force for generation of bile flow and is rate limiting in the vectorial movement of bile acids from blood to bile. Several distinct carriers for bile acids have been defined based on physiological studies in isolated hepatocytes, membrane vesicles, hepatocyte couples, and the perfused rat liver including membrane potential-driven and ATP-dependent mechanisms. Several groups have isolated and functionally reconstituted a canalicular bile acid transport protein of M(r) approximately 110 kDa. The ATP-dependent mechanism for secretion of monovalent bile acids appears to be mediated by a yet to be identified protein of the ATP binding cassette family of transporters. However, it remains conjectural whether the ATP-dependent and membrane potential-driven components of canalicular bile acid transport are mediated by one or more transport proteins. Bile acid sulfates and glucuronides are substrates for the canali...
Ethics in Entrepreneurship

This article examines entrepreneurship from two perspectives. First, entrepreneurship is associated with societal issues such as self-determination, economic growth, and the concentration of wealth and power. These issues are shaped by national culture and moral values. Second, entrepreneurship is examined in terms of the values of individual entrepreneurs. Keywords: ethics; business ethics; societal values; government control; self-determination; personal ethics; law
The First of Thousands? The Long View of Local 1330's Challenge to Management Rights and Plant Closings

This Article introduces and frames a symposium issue of Harvard Law School’s Unbound, Journal of the Legal Left that is devoted to an assessment of Local 1330, United Steel Workers v. U.S. Steel (6th Cir. 1980) on the 30th anniversary of the decision. The Author provides a historical and legal context for the federal courts’ decisions on the Steelworkers’ novel community property and contractual claims brought by the plaintiffs in an effort to prevent U.S. Steel from closing its manufacturing operations Youngtown, Ohio. In this context, the Author discusses the relationship of the plaintiffs’ community property claim to the origins of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act of 1988 and to the 'new' property claims addressed in the landmark welfare rights case, Goldberg v. Kelly (S. Ct. 1970). The Author explains that the strategy to stop plant closings in the 1970s and 80s was not limited to litigation or legislative reform and that the movement to stop plant closings thirty years ago provides an historical antecedent to the current mobilizations of union workers in 2011 that are challenging efforts to curtail the labor rights of public sector employees in Wisconsin, Ohio and other states.
Surface diffusion and lateral interactions in adsorbed layers

We present and discuss a collection of experimental data illustrating effects of lateral interactions on surface diffusion of adsorbed particles which proceeds in a concentration gradient.
Deformation and Stability of Viscoelastic Soil Media

Linear viscoelasticity is a more resalistic representation than linear elasticity in studying the deformation and stability problems of saturated cohesive soil media. The linear viscoelastic model is incorporated in terms of volumetric (a single Kelvin unit) and deviatoric (a single Maxwell Unit) components. Elastic-viscoelastic correspondence is utilized to obtain the time-dependent displacement and stress fields. Limitations of the correspondence principle are investigated quantitatively in parallel to stress level and overconsolidation ratio. Factor of safety for stability is considered as the ratio of the time-dependent octahedral shear strength to the time dependent octahedral shear stress. This in turn leads to the observation that a viscoelastic medium may experience a stable state (i.e., factor of safety > 1) upon the application of a particular boundary loading and yet, it may bring itself into an unstable state with time (i.e., factor of safety = 1) even though the shear strength is (or is not) exhibiting an increase during the same interval. This is demonstrated for a strip surface loading and a plane strain problem.
Concomitant use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in ambulatory elderly people.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze baseline data on concomitant use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in elderly people from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study, in which information was collected on all drugs and supplements used by participant. DESIGN: Cross-sectional correlation analysis. SETTING: GEM Study sites in California, Maryland, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand seventy ambulatory individuals aged 75 and older enrolled between September 2000 and June 2002. MEASUREMENTS: Use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements identified through bottles brought to the clinic. RESULTS: Almost three-quarters (74.2%) of the cohort combined use of at least one prescription drug and one dietary supplement, with 32.5% using three or more prescription drugs and three or more supplements. The 15 most-prevalent prescription drugs exhibited substantial concomitant use with dietary supplements, ranging from 77.6% for diuretics to 93.6% for estrogen preparations. Although supplements were taken concomitantly with all classes of prescription drugs, the use of supplements was more likely in individuals using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, thyroid drugs, and estrogens. The use of drugs for diabetes mellitus was negatively associated with the use of supplements, with most of this attributed to low use in those taking multivitamins, glucosamine and chondroitin, and echinacea. CONCLUSION: There is substantial concomitant use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements in elderly people. Further investigations are needed to define the clinical importance of this concomitant use, especially in elderly patients who consume multiple prescription drugs or have experienced an adverse event secondary to their prescription medications.