cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OP-1 clinical studies.

Osteopontin-1 (OP-1) has demonstrated considerable clinical usefulness, along with a strong record of safety, in a wide variety of musculoskeletal disorders in more than 500 patients worldwide during the past decade. Specifically, the outcomes of patients with tibial nonunions enrolled in a randomized, prospective clinical trial in the United States and treated with OP-1 and intramedullary fixation were comparable with those of patients treated with bone autograft and a rod. These, and the other carefully observed cases, build on substantial preclinical evaluation and begin the very important and practical process of clarifying the unique role these molecules will play in the clinical arena. As with many new directions in medicine, the earliest research raises meaningful questions about study goals and design, including the specific questions to be addressed, the appropriateness and limitations of available methods of assessment, and the interpretation of data. The scope and the funding of clinical trials, as well as management of the partnership between academia and industry, are frequent issues encountered and addressed in the conduct of novel and cutting-edge …
Extension of Family Relationships into a Home for the Aged

Entering an institution has great impact on the elderly resident and the members of his family. Separation implies one more threat to preservation of self for an older person. To all the demands of adjustment which aging normally holds anyway, are added the demands of new routines, new acquaintances, and new environment. Once more the question of identity-seeking be comes paramount. The attack on a weak ened ego psychologically, the attack on a weakened body physiologically, and the attack on a weakened status socially, all converge on the layers of personality and force the older person to seek anew the answer to "What and who am I?"
Significantly enhanced photocurrent for water oxidation in monolithic Mo:BiVO4/SnO2/Si by thermally increasing the minority carrier diffusion length

Transition-metal-oxide semiconductors are promising photoanodes for solar water splitting due to their excellent chemical stability and appropriate bandgaps. However, in absorbers such as BiVO4, TiO2, α-Fe2O3, and WO3, charge carriers localize as small polarons or become trapped, leading to low minority carrier mobilities. This limits the minority carrier collection efficiency in the quasi-neutral region of the light absorber, and lowers the overall photoactivity. In this work, we demonstrate that modestly elevating the temperature activates minority carrier hopping in monoclinic BiVO4, significantly enhancing the saturation photocurrent without a substantial anodic shift of the onset potential, and is an attractive alternative to employing complex passivation layers and nanostructured templates towards achieving the theoretical photocurrent density. Specifically, using a Mo:BiVO4/SnO2/Si tandem photoanode/photovoltaic, increasing the absolute temperature by 11% from 10 to 42 °C elevates the saturation photocurrent from 1.8 to 4.0 mA cm−2. This strong temperature enhancement, 3.8% K−1, is 5 times greater than that in α-Fe2O3. Concurrently, the onset potential shifts slightly from 0.02 V to 0.08 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (or equivalently, from −1.22 V to −1.13 V versus the equilibrium potential of oxygen evolution). Our observation contrasts with the prevailing understanding that the energy conversion efficiency generally decreases with temperature as a result of reduced photovoltage. Thermally-activating minority carrier transport represents a general pathway towards enhancing the photoactivity of light absorbers where hopping conduction limits the minority carrier collection in the quasi-neutral region.
Improving recording accuracy, transparency, and performance for obstetric quality measures in a community hospital-based obstetrics department.

Article-at-a-Glance Background The obstetric arena has been typically ignored in the race to determine hospital quality measures due primarily to the fact that a large majority of patients do not have Medicare federal insurance, which has been the focus of hospital measures of quality. With "normal vaginal delivery" being the number one hospital discharge diagnosis and cesarean sections rates varying greatly between hospitals, national organizations are taking greater interest in determining differences in quality. Methods Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento (California) chartered a multidisciplinary Perinatal Data Committee to improve and simplify data capture for six obstetric quality measures. Results All six quality measures showed significantly improved trends from 2010 through 2012, with elective delivery Conclusion That performance on all six quality measures improved suggests that the improvement approach was effective and perhaps reproducible in other clinical situations to improve hospital quality outcomes. A key contributor to success was that the dashboard of results was shared with the department's physicians and the hospital administration on a monthly basis. Reinforcement of good results helped keep the project front and center with the hospital, particularly more recently, given that data reporting for four of the six measures is soon to be required.
Computational Studies of the Properties of Azole·xBH3 Adducts for Chemical Hydrogen Storage Systems

The thermodynamic properties of the potential hydrogen storage compounds, the borane adducts of pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole, were calculated at the G3MP2 level by using an isodesmic approach including experimental and accurate (CCSD(T)/CBS) values for the other components of the reaction. The heats of formation, bond dissociation energies, dehydrogenation energies, proton affinities, gas phase acidities, pKas in aqueous solution, and hydride affinities were calculated. The H3B–N dative bonds to an sp2 nitrogen are much stronger than those to an sp3 nitrogen for the 5-member rings. The dehydrogenation energies at the sp3 nitrogen for the azole borane adducts are exothermic and those at the sp2 nitrogen borane adducts are closer to thermoneutral (−7.7 to +9.4 kcal/mol). The gas phase acidity decreases (becomes more acidic) with increasing the number of the nitrogen atoms in the 5-member heterocycle and with increasing the number of coordinated BH3 molecules to the azole nitrogens. ...
Impact of Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities on Families: Balancing Perspectives

The study of the impact of children or youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities on their families has grown increasingly complex. This is due, in part, to the multiple perspectives represented in research (e.g., mothers, fathers, siblings) and to the myriad of outcomes examined (e.g., negative vs. positive impact on families). Basic tenets set forth include encompassing theoretical models that can be used to integrate family research on impact, an evaluative discussion of the importance of child problem behaviors, and family socio-economic status as vital to the discussion of family stress. Parenting behaviors that influence impact are also identified, with attention to important moderators of family outcomes that further elucidate processes over and above main effects research. The article concludes with a discussion of promising directions that may alter the impact of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities on the family.
Study on Legionella pneumophila in water system in public places of Shenzhen

Objective To understand Legionella pneumophila pollution in water systems of public places in Shenzhen,provide evidence for hygienic supervision and management.Methods According to relative national regulation,a total of 500 water samples including cooling water,condensate water,shower water,pool water and drinking water were randomly collected in 177 public places,index of Legionella pneumophila and its serotype were tested.Results Legionella pneumophila in cooling water,condensate water,shower water was detected,and positive rates of them were 11.0%(28/255),1.1%(2 / 176) and 30.0%(12/40),respectively;Legionella pneumophila was not detected in swimming pool water and drinking water;positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water of hotels,public bathrooms,waiting rooms and subway station were 18.1%(19/105),4.0%(1 / 25),31.8%(7 / 22) and 0.1%(1 / 103),which there was statistical difference(χ2=11.74,P0.05).LP1-type Legionella pneumophila was most in 44 types of bacteria,accounting for 70.5%(31/44),LP3 type and LP6 type accounted for 2.3%(1 / 44)and 27.2%(12/44).Conclusion Air conditioning cooling water and condensing water,shower water are polluted by Legionella pneumophila in public places of the city,so air conditioning system and shower heating system should be strengthened to clean and disinfect.
Intra- and inter-office communication: Important in achieving optimal treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction

Optimal communication between practitioners, their patients and staff requires a clear and focused understanding of what the mutual treatment goals are. Education is the key to making such communication successful and at all levels it needs to be clear and consistent. It begins with the initial phone call and reinforced by all members of your practice team using coherent language to build trust. The use of visual aids helps to educate and explain treatment plans supporting the parental/patient confidence in their decision to proceed with care. Social media can help us stay connected with our patients/parents as well as referrers creating a de facto "dental family or home base." Generating a close relationship with our referrers and their team through contact and "learning opportunities" is a substantial tool to create the consistency and focus on our shared goal of optimal patient care. Through clinical scenarios the above concepts will be discussed along with potential strategies offered on how to implement them into practice.
Predictive double-layer modeling of metal sorption in mine-drainage systems

Previous comparison of predictive double-layer modeling and empirically derived metal-partitioning data has validated the use of the double-layer model to predict metal sorption reactions in iron-rich mine-drainage systems. The double-layer model subsequently has been used to model data collected from several mine-drainage sites in Colorado with diverse geochemistry and geology. This work demonstrates that metal partitioning between dissolved and sediment phases can be predictively modeled simply by knowing the water chemistry and the amount of suspended iron-rich particulates present in the system. Sorption on such iron-rich suspended sediments appears to control metal and arsenic partitioning between dissolved and sediment phases, with sorption on bed sediment playing a limited role. At pH > 5, Pb and As are largely sorbed by iron-rich suspended sediments and Cu is partially sorbed; Zn, Cd, and Ni usually remain dissolved throughout the pH range of 3 to 8.
Fluoride-releasing core build-up materials and artificial caries.

UNLABELLED This study examined the effect of fluoride-releasing core build-up materials upon both enamel and root demineralization in an artificial caries system. Thirty extracted human molars were randomly assigned to three treatment groups consisting of (1) conventional composite core build-up paste, (2) fluoridated core build-up paste and (3) glass cermet. Teeth were thermocycled 350 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C using 30-second dwell times. Acid-resistant varnish was placed on the specimens to within 1 mm of the restoration and the teeth were subjected to an artificial-caries challenge at pH 4.2 for 72 hours. Teeth were then sectioned and the thin sections photographed using a polarized light microscope. Areas of the artificial-caries lesions were measured using a sonic digitizing pad. Mean lesion area (in arbitrary units from the digitizing pad) on enamel for Group 1 was 3.76 +/- 0.54; Group 2 was 2.53 +/- 1.17 and Group 3 was 2.32 +/- 0.68. Mean lesion area on root for Group 1 was 3.04 +/- 0.54; Group 2 was 2.34 +/- 0.58 and Group 3 was 2.51 +/- 0.53. ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test of contrast indicates a significant difference (P less than 0.001) on both enamel (35 +/- 3%) and root (20 +/- 3%) between the non-fluoridated product and the two fluoridated products. There were no significant differences between Group 2 and 3. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This artificial caries study indicates that a fluoride-releasing core material may be of value in preventing demineralization of tooth structure adjacent to the restorative core material.
First-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation study of aducanumab (BIIB037) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Introduction Aducanumab (BIIB037), a human monoclonal antibody selective for aggregated forms of amyloid beta, is being investigated as a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single ascending-dose study investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of aducanumab in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Eligible patients were sequentially randomized 6:2 to aducanumab (0.3, 1, 3, 10, 20, 30, and 60 mg/kg) or placebo. Results The primary outcome was safety and tolerability. Doses ≤30 mg/kg were generally well tolerated with no severe or serious adverse events (SAEs). All three patients who received 60 mg/kg aducanumab developed SAEs of symptomatic amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, which completely resolved by weeks 8–15. Aducanumab C max , AUC 0–last , and AUC inf increased in a dose-proportional manner. Discussion In this single-dose study, aducanumab demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile and linear PK at doses ≤30 mg/kg (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01397539).
Die Bedeutung der sozialen Integration

Im letzten Kapitel untersuchten wir das Leben einer ziemlich kleinen Primargruppe. Trotz einiger Wechselfalle in ihrer Entwicklung blieb diese Gruppe im ganzen verhaltnismasig fest integriert; und sie erfullte damit zwei Funktionen: Erstens fuhrte die Gruppe ein ziemlich reges soziales Leben, und zwar nicht nur nach der Arbeitszeit, sondern als Teil ihres Werktags. Zweitens verfolgte die Gruppe energisch ihr wirtschaftliches Ziel. Die Leistung der Arbeiterinnen im Testraum verbesserte sich ganz entschieden, obgleich sie bereits mehrere Jahre vorher die gleiche Arbeit verrichtet hatten. Ferner haben wir gesehen, das eine Arbeitsgruppe, auch wenn sie aus nur funf Personen besteht, eine bestimmte soziale Struktur entwickelt, in der jeder Einzelne seine individuelle Rolle spielt. Eine kleine Gruppe unterscheidet sich in dieser Hinsicht nicht von einer grosen. Die Integration besteht nicht darin, das alle sich einem einzigen Vorbild anpassen, sondern sie bedeutet ganz im Gegenteil, das jeder Einzelne seine Personlichkeit voll zur Geltung bringen kann und damit seinen eigenen und einzigartigen Beitrag zum Leben des Ganzen leistet.
The Economics of Social Capital: Considering the Fiscal Value of Social Networks

Social capital, which includes the meaningful connections individuals have in their families, schools, and communities, has implications for education, labor, health, and criminal outcomes, in addition to potential economic and fiscal benefits for society. The Serve Here CT implementation is presented as a possible model for interventions aimed at increasing social capital.
The Arterial Anatomy of the Deltoid Ligament: A Cadaveric Study.

Background:There is an increasing interest in the operative treatment of deltoid ligament disruption in the setting of chronic ankle instability. Understanding the vascular anatomy of the deltoid c...
Limb Bone Structural Proportions and Locomotor Behavior in A.L. 288-1 ("Lucy").

While there is broad agreement that early hominins practiced some form of terrestrial bipedality, there is also evidence that arboreal behavior remained a part of the locomotor repertoire in some taxa, and that bipedal locomotion may not have been identical to that of modern humans. It has been difficult to evaluate such evidence, however, because of the possibility that early hominins retained primitive traits (such as relatively long upper limbs) of little contemporaneous adaptive significance. Here we examine bone structural properties of the femur and humerus in the Australopithecus afarensis A.L. 288–1 ("Lucy", 3.2 Myr) that are known to be developmentally plastic, and compare them with other early hominins, modern humans, and modern chimpanzees. Cross-sectional images were obtained from micro-CT scans of the original specimens and used to derive section properties of the diaphyses, as well as superior and inferior cortical thicknesses of the femoral neck. A.L. 288–1 shows femoral/humeral diaphyseal strength proportions that are intermediate between those of modern humans and chimpanzees, indicating more mechanical loading of the forelimb than in modern humans, and by implication, a significant arboreal locomotor component. Several features of the proximal femur in A.L. 288–1 and other australopiths, including relative femoral head size, distribution of cortical bone in the femoral neck, and cross-sectional shape of the proximal shaft, support the inference of a bipedal gait pattern that differed slightly from that of modern humans, involving more lateral deviation of the body center of mass over the support limb, which would have entailed increased cost of terrestrial locomotion. There is also evidence consistent with increased muscular strength among australopiths in both the forelimb and hind limb, possibly reflecting metabolic trade-offs between muscle and brain development during hominin evolution. Together these findings imply significant differences in both locomotor behavior and ecology between australopiths and later Homo.
Constructing block schedules for internal medicine residents

Before medical school graduates can practice independently, they must spend a minimum of three years in a residency program, where each year is divided into different clinical assignments called bl...
Examining the Relationship Between Perceived Quality of Care and Actual Quality of Care as Measured by 30-Day Readmission Rates.

Objective To test the relationship between patient experience, as measured by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS), and actual quality of care, as measured by 30-day readmission rates. Data sources Both HCAHPS data and outcome data reported to the Centers of Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Study design This secondary, nationwide (N = 4060), hospital-level study focused only on acute care hospitals. HCAHPS question 22 "Would you recommend this hospital to your friends and family?" was used to determine level of overall satisfaction, and 30-day readmission rates, as reported to the CMS, was used as a proxy for actual quality of care. Principal findings A statistically significant relationship was found between patient experience and actual quality outcomes. Conclusion The results of this study reinforce the inclusion of patient experience in Medicare's Value Based Purchasing program as a matter of good public policy.
What Is the Best Daunorubicin Dose and Schedule for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Induction

Daunorubicin dose intensification for induction in acute myeloid leukemia has been reported as an effective strategy in recent trials to improve patient outcomes without worsening treatment-related toxicity. Based on available evidence, 90 mg/m2 of daunorubicin given for three consecutive days (cumulative dose 270 mg/m2) as a part of the “7 + 3” induction regimen along with cytarabine is the most effective dose to achieve a complete remission as well as improve survival in patients who can tolerate it. This should be considered strongly in younger patients (less than 65 years of age and especially in those less than 50 years) irrespective of cytogenetic risk (likely more beneficial for favorable and intermediate risk) or molecular mutations (definitely in those with NPM1 or FLT3-ITD mutations). Among older acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (>65 years), using a higher dose of daunorubicin may not improve survival. It is unclear if daunorubicin at 60 mg/m2 for 3 days is as efficacious as the 90 mg/m2 dose but may be used when there are concerns about tolerability of the higher dose. Although 90 mg/m2 has no more adverse effects compared to 45 mg/m2 of daunorubicin, increasing dosage beyond a cumulative dose of 330 mg/m2 is detrimental due to increase in early mortality. Idarubicin 12 mg/m2 for 3 days is an alternative with the possibility of better long-term outcomes. Elderly patients with AML and those with unfavorable cytogenetics, secondary, or treatment-related disease remain challenging to treat. All patients should be treated on clinical trials when available.
Rip Current Measurements at Three South Florida Beaches

ABSTRACT Leatherman, S.B., 2017. Rip current measurements at three South Florida beaches. Rip current measurements in South Florida were undertaken at three locations: Miami Beach, Haulover Park, and Riviera Beach. Rip speeds, measured by GPS drifters and fluorescein tracer dye as imaged by a quadcopter, ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 m/s in response to low-energy incident waves, which are common for this area. The purpose of this research is to provide a better understanding of the physical aspects of rip currents in a highly populated area that is also the destination for millions of visitors each year; this information will help lower the loss of life, which is presently quite high. The behavior of rip currents in South Florida was not known because there has been no previous field research conducted in this area. Rip currents, while weak, are hazardous because the wave conditions during these events do not seem threatening to beachgoers.
Introduction: Unpacking America’s Doll

Zaslow explores the inherently paradoxical position of the American Girl brand as a form of commodity activism. Like other manifestations of girl power media culture, American Girl is a collection of material goods produced and purchased within a capitalist system but also a material form of resistance to historical power dynamics. American Girl is a product of a massive corporation whose messaging is organized around a capitalist imperative and also of feminist writers and designers whose intentions are politically inspired. Consumption of American Girl is presented as a political act driven in part by mothers’ goals to shape a generation of resilient, self-directed girls who recognize the power of their voices (and not just their sexuality) as a critical part of their (American) identity.
Self-organization of helium precipitates into elongated channels within metal nanolayers

Material degradation due to precipitation of implanted helium (He) is a key concern in nuclear energy. Decades of research have mapped out the fate of He precipitates in metals, from nucleation and growth of equiaxed bubbles and voids to formation and bursting of surface blisters. By contrast, we show that He precipitates confined within nanoscale metal layers depart from their classical growth trajectories: They self-organize into elongated channels. These channels form via templated nucleation of He precipitates along layer surfaces followed by their growth and spontaneous coalescence into stable precipitate lines. The total line length and connectivity increases with the amount of implanted He, indicating that these channels ultimately interconnect into percolating “vascular” networks. Vascularized metal composites promise a transformative solution to He-induced damage by enabling in operando outgassing of He and other impurities while maintaining material integrity.
How Developers Diagnose Potential Security Vulnerabilities with a Static Analysis Tool

While using security tools to resolve security defects, software developers must apply considerable effort. Success depends on a developer's ability to interact with tools, ask the right questions, and make strategic decisions. To build better security tools and subsequently help developers resolve defects more accurately and efficiently, we studied the defect resolution process—from the questions developers ask to their strategies for answering them. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study with novice and experienced software developers. We equipped them with Find Security Bugs, a security-oriented static analysis tool, and observed their interactions with security vulnerabilities in an open-source system that they had previously contributed to. We found that they asked questions not only about security vulnerabilities, associated attacks, and fixes, but also questions about the software itself, the social ecosystem that built the software, and related resources and tools. We describe the strategic successes and failures we observed and how future tools can leverage our findings to encourage better strategies.
Listening to war: sound, music, trauma, and survival in wartime Iraq

The sounds of war—from battle cries and war horns, to the clash of swords and sabres, and the powerful cacophony of artillery and bombs—have long been noted (and often celebrated) in popular imagin...
Re-producing Self, Community, and ‘Naija’ in Nigerian Diaspora Films: Soul Sisters in the United States and Man on the Ground in South Africa

Nigerian cultural producers around the world represent themselves and their communities through global media outlets. They socially construct the ‘Naija’ identity, which has been forged in the postcolonial era to represent the transnational experiences of Nigerians in Africa and the African Diaspora. This chapter presents findings from in-depth interviews of filmmakers, Boston-based Rahman Oladigbolu and Johannesburg-based Akin Omotoso, providing detail about who they are, their experiences in the Nigerian Diaspora, and their productions—In America: The Story of the Soul Sisters, and Man on Ground, respectively. Racial, ethnic, cultural, and transnational identities are examined to describe how they have come to understand themselves and their communities (United States and South Africa) as a result of being a part of the Nigerian Diaspora.
Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Bacterial Species through the Capture of Gold Nanoparticles by Chimeric Phages

Rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens is an important goal for several aspects of human health and safety. We present a simple strategy for detecting a variety of bacterial species based on the interaction between bacterial cells and the viruses that infect them (phages). We engineer phage M13 to display the receptor-binding protein from a phage that naturally targets the desired bacteria. Thiolation of the engineered phages allows the binding of gold nanoparticles, which aggregate on the phages and act as a signal amplifier, resulting in a visible color change due to alteration of surface plasmon resonance properties. We demonstrate the detection of two strains of Escherichia coli, the human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae, and two strains of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. The assay can detect ∼100 cells with no cross-reactivity found among the Gram-negative bacterial species tested here. The assay can be performed in less than an hour and is robust to different media, including seawater and human serum. This strategy combines highly evolved biological materials with the optical properties of gold nanoparticles to achieve the simple, sensitive, and specific detection of bacterial species.
One-Pot, Three-Aryne Cascade Strategy for Naphthalene Formation from 1,3-Diynes and 1,2-Benzdiyne Equivalents.

Here we disclose a cascade strategy for naphthyne formation that capitalizes on the traditional benzyne generation (i.e., from an ortho-silyl aryl triflate) and the thermal hexadehydro-Diels–Alder ...
Race-class-gender articulation and the Fifth International

Agozino supports Amin’s call for a Fifth International, but offers suggestions to make it more inclusive. He argues “It is not enough for the Fifth International to call on Workers of the World to Unite without questioning the extent to which racism, imperialism and patriarchy divide the working class and weaken the struggle to end exploitation.” Although the First International addressed class exploitation in articulation with the struggles against the oppression of nationalities and racial groups and against gender oppression, “[t]he departure from the race-class-gender articulation or intersectionality model that Marx envisaged by the organizers of subsequent internationals may be part of the reasons why the organizational aim was not sustained.” Agozino calls for more intentionality in constructing the leadership of the Fifth International than is in Amir’s proposal. While Amir was attentive to the inclusion of African leadership, he paid less attention to the inclusion of women or indigenous peoples. And while Amin seemed concerned with creating a manageable process through the delegation of a small number of leaders, Agozino says it is “better to allow a million leaders to emerge from local to the global levels.”
Broadband Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna With Asymmetric Power Divider

Broadband omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) antenna has a unique advantage of reducing multipath effect over linear polarized antenna for wideband communication or radar applications. This article presents such antenna design based on broadband omnidirectional vertically polarized (VP) and horizontally polarized (HP) radiators, and a dedicated designed broadband asymmetric power divider and a phase shifter. The asymmetric power divider is analyzed systematically and an optimization process similar to particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed in optimizing the feeding network. The proposed antenna is omnidirectional on azimuth plane, and has 66.7% impedance bandwidth, 57.7% axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and 53.4% (1.215–2.1 GHz) usable bandwidth, which is the overlapping bandwidth of 10 dB return loss and 3 dB AR band. The peak gain of right-handed CP for this antenna is 0.9 dBi and the average gain over all azimuth direction and frequencies within the band is better than −1 dBi.
Dual gradient microstructure to simultaneously improve strength and electrical conductivity of aluminum wire

Abstract High strength and high electrical conductivity are needed for the usage of aluminum wire in high-voltage lines. Strength and electrical conductivity are contradictory in metallic materials. Improving strength comes with the sacrifice of electrical conductivity. Here we produced a dual gradient microstructure to improve the strength of aluminum wire without compromising electrical conductivity. Aluminum wires with gradient microstructures and dual gradient microstructures were processed through clockwise torsion and subsequent anti-clockwise torsion. Compared with the gradient microstructural aluminum, aluminum with dual gradient microstructures possesses higher strength and higher electrical conductivity. Microstructural characterizations and numerical simulations further reveals that dual gradient grain size provides extra strain hardening and less electrical resistivity. This explains the high strength and high electrical conductivity in aluminum wire with dual gradient microstructure.
Factors Considered When Ranking Military Orthopedic Surgery Residency Candidates

Introduction The intangible personal characteristic grit has become a popular topic of concentration within contemporary psychology studies. Grit is defined as persistent work on a focused topic for an extended period of time until a desired goal is achieved. Its application to physician selection and development is not well known. We sought to determine which factors were considered most important among leadership within the U.S. Army's orthopedic surgical training programs when selecting applications and ascertain if grit was one of the primary factors. Materials and methods A standardized, 18-question survey was sent to all program chairs, program directors, and assistant program directors at the six U.S. Army orthopedic surgery residency programs. Questions included demographic factors pertaining to both the individual and their respective training program. Participants were asked to rank, in order, the 10 most important variables when considering applicants. Each variable was ranked using a point system (1-10 with 10 as the best score), referred to as the factor score (FS). Further statistical analyses using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA were performed and reported. Results The response rate was 83% (15/18). The most important variable considered was the applicant's performance on their audition rotation (FS = 9.8), which was significantly more important than any other variable (P = 0.001). The second most important variable was the applicant's USMLE scores (FS = 7.13), followed by involvement in research (FS = 5.60) and conscientiousness (FS = 4.73), respectively. Grit was considered the fifth most important variable (FS = 4.27). There was no significant difference in the ranking of grit among the different programs (P = 0.282). In applicants with low United States Medical Licensing Examination scores according to leadership idiosyncrasy, their audition rotation was considered a redeeming portion of their application (P = 0.02) followed by their level of grit. Conclusions The most important factor when considering an orthopedic surgery applicant was how well the applicant performed on an audition rotation, followed by their United States Medical Licensing Examination scores. Grit has become an important consideration in resident selection.
Cumulative readings of "every" and leaks

every surprisingly gives rise to cumulative readings (Schein 1993; Kratzer 2000). The distribution of these readings is governed by scope-related asymmetries (Champollion 2010; Haslinger & Schmitt 2018). In this work, I notice a third property of these readings: cumulative readings of every receive weaker "leaky" truth-conditions under negation, previously thought to be unattested (Bayer 2013). Exploiting this third property, I build an event semantics to deliver these "leaky readings" by default. Within this semantics, it becomes possible to account for cumulative readings of every and their properties, keeping to standard assumption about the denotation for every. I also show how the same analysis predict the scope-related asymmetries and their less studied interaction with overt movement.
Defining retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations.

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations’, by Stam et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/aww217) . Cerebral small vessel diseases refer to pathological processes that affect the structure or function of small vessels of the brain, including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and occasionally venules (Pantoni, 2010). While the majority of small vessel diseases are sporadic age-related conditions driven by a complex interaction between genetic and cardiovascular risk factors or cerebrovascular amyloid deposition, inherited (familial) cerebral small vessel diseases have been increasingly reported in recent years (Joutel and Faraci, 2014). Of these inherited diseases, CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) and Fabry’s disease are among the most prevalent (Pantoni, 2010). The list of other, rarely observed single-gene small vessel diseases, often with systemic manifestations outside the brain, seems to be steadily increasing, posing diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. One such disorder is the fatal autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in TREX1 (three prime repair exonuclease 1). TREX1 encodes a 3′-5′ DNA exonuclease involved in clearing cytosolic nucleic acids (Richards et al. , 2007). The disease was originally reported under different names, including hereditary vascular retinopathy, cerebroretinal vasculopathy, and hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS), thought to represent distinct autosomal dominant neurovascular syndromes. The mapping of all three syndromes to a common locus on chromosome 3p21.1-p21.3 and the identification of pathogenic heterozygous C-terminal frame-shift mutations in TREX1 (Richards et al. , 2007 …
Development of Online Alfalfa Management Extension Education Resources Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, many Extension programs used web-based resources but balanced those with in-person events for interpersonal connection with producers and for individuals with limited access to technology In 2020, in-person Extension programs were cancelled or converted to online versions This was the case for the 'Alfalfa in the South' (AITS) program, a collaboration between Auburn University (AU) and University of Georgia (UGA) Two online AITS programs were held (May and Sept) and are examples of rethinking traditional models and optimizing resources to prioritize our commitment to clientele In its first program, the program content was delivered through 1) a series of webinars from AU, UGA and University of Florida (UF) Extension Specialists (n = 6 webinars) and a 1-h live roundtable discussion held through Zoom on May 13, 2020 The roundtable consisted of a moderator interacting with five panelists (faculty, Extension agents and producers) answering live questions from the audience (n = 45 participants) All content was archived by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES) for later access using online resources The second program occurred in Sept 2020 as a collaboration between AU, UF and UGA Specialists This program included several pre-recorded short videos and e-publications on topics in establishment and management of alfalfa in the South In 2020, the web-metrics gathered for the ACES webpage and Youtube channel across these programs sums over 3000 views of alfalfa resources Similarly, engagement on the AL Beef and Forage Extension Facebook pages were over 3000 people Although a traditional formal post-programming survey was not conducted with participants, an online survey was distributed simultaneously in the south region (n = 12 states) from May through December 2020 aiming to identify main challenges and limitations of alfalfa adoption The results (n = 212 respondents) showed approximately 65% participants already invested time in learning about alfalfa using Extension online programs and resources available This shows increased importance of online outreach as a tool to maintain relevance and connection with clientele [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Animal Science is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Did the United States Miss Its Chance to Benefit from Ongoing Asia–Pacific Trade Agreements?

This essay contends that it is in the US interest to become fully engaged in the Asian economic landscape. Twenty years ago, Asia accounted for less than a third of global output. Twenty years from now, Asia will account for more than half the world’s total economy. Today, Asia is home to a burgeoning middle class and and a growing and dynamic market to many of the countries and companies that will shape the global economy for years to come. As most countries in the region have moved to put in place extensive trade agreements, including the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and numerous bilateral and sectoral agreements, the US has substantially withdrawn from participating. Since the US exit from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in 2017, there has been a steady march of new trade agreements across the Asia–Pacific region that do not include the United States. If this trend continues, there is a serious danger that the US will miss its window of opportunity to shape trade rules and norms within the largest and most rapidly growing region in the world.
Computing with Words and Perceptions - A Paradigm Shift.

There are many misconceptions about what Computing with Words (CW) is and what it has to offer. A common misconception is that CW is closely related to natural language processing. In reality, this is not the case. More importantly, at this juncture what is widely unrecognized is that moving from computation with numbers to computation with words has the potential for evolving into a basic paradigm shift—a paradigm shift which would open the door to a wide-ranging enlargement of the role of natural languages in scientific theories.
Arming the Pregnancy Police: More Outlandish Concoctions?

Emotions abound when encountering a newborn with disabilities which will inevitably lead to an early death or to a less than whole and healthy life. It is especially painful when such disabilities were preventable. Anger swells, fingers are pointed, fault is assigned, initiatives are promised, tears are shed. To seek to assure that more humans are born with sound minds and healthy bodies seems as American as apple pie. Governmental efforts appear appropriate. For several years in the 1990s, an often heated and impassioned rational debate focused on the legal treatment of disabilities attributable to prenatal drug or alcohol use. What, if anything, may and should governments do to limit such disabilities? What non-financial constraints, if any, operate when such a mission is undertaken? And, as our understanding of the causes and cures of such disabilities grows, what in fact have we been doing? This paper addresses these questions, dwelling particularly on coercive laws designed to protect potential human life. It will be urged first that the widespread view that Roe v. Wade bars significant governmental protection of the unborn is misguided; that the case, in fact, suggests there are a variety of legitimate avenues for protective efforts (whether or not the unborn are deemed persons); and, that in the years since Roe, there have been many noteworthy initiatives. Recent reforms include coercive laws seeking to reduce drug or alcohol-related birth disabilities. Such laws require close scrutiny due to the constitutional interests of mothers. After generally reviewing contemporary initiatives on behalf of the unborn, efforts in Winnebago County, Illinois are examined in detail. These inquiries will reveal some of the difficulties with state protection of potential human life. Sexually discriminatory initiatives, as well as inconsistent enforcement of state policy, are noted. Suggestions for change are offered, including the view that the arming of the pregnancy policy should not be limited to an arsenal used only against pregnant women, but should encompass arms against all who act against the unborn. These are not "outlandish concoctions," though called so by Professor Roberts in the Harvard Law Review.
Dynamics of a Cubic Nonlinear Vibration Absorber

We study the dynamics of a nonlinear active vibration absorber. We consider a plant model possessing curvature and inertia nonlinearities and introduce a second-order absorber that is coupled with the plant through user-defined cubic nonlinearities. When the plant is excited at primary resonance and the absorber frequency is approximately equal to the plant natural frequency, we show the existence of a saturation phenomenon. As the forcing amplitude is increased beyond a certain threshold, the response amplitude of the directly excited mode (plant) remains constant, while the response amplitude of the indirectly excited mode (absorber) increases. We obtain an approximate solution to the governing equations using the method of multiple scales and show that the system possesses two possible saturation values. Using numerical techniques, we perform stability analyses and demonstrate that the system exhibits complicated dynamics, such as Hopf bifurcations, intermittency, and chaotic responses.
A frequentist approach to computer model calibration

Summary The paper considers the computer model calibration problem and provides a general frequentist solution. Under the framework proposed, the data model is semiparametric with a non-parametric discrepancy function which accounts for any discrepancy between physical reality and the computer model. In an attempt to solve a fundamentally important (but often ignored) identifiability issue between the computer model parameters and the discrepancy function, the paper proposes a new and identifiable parameterization of the calibration problem. It also develops a two-step procedure for estimating all the relevant quantities under the new parameterization. This estimation procedure is shown to enjoy excellent rates of convergence and can be straightforwardly implemented with existing software. For uncertainty quantification, bootstrapping is adopted to construct confidence regions for the quantities of interest. The practical performance of the methodology is illustrated through simulation examples and an application to a computational fluid dynamics model.
Foreword: Do We Really Want to Know the Defendant

Forward to the Symposium on the Admission of Prior Offense Evidence in Sexual Assault Cases, Chicago, Illinois, 1994.
Factored latent analysis for far-field tracking data

This paper uses Factored Latent Analysis (FLA) to learn a factorized, segmental representation for observations of tracked objects over time. Factored Latent Analysis is latent class analysis in which the observation space is subdivided and each aspect of the original space is represented by a separate latent class model. One could simply treat these factors as completely independent and ignore their interdependencies or one could concatenate them together and attempt to learn latent class structure for the complete observation space. Alternatively, FLA allows the interdependencies to be exploited in estimating an effective model, which is also capable of representing a factored latent state. In this paper, FLA is used to learn a set of factored latent classes to represent different modalities of observations of tracked objects. Different characteristics of the state of tracked objects are each represented by separate latent class models, including normalized size, normalized speed, normalized direction, and position. This model also enables effective temporal segmentation of these sequences. This method is data-driven, unsupervised using only pairwise observation statistics. This data-driven and unsupervised activity classification technique exhibits good performance in multiple challenging environments.
Optical determination of temperature and species concentration for homogeneous turbulent gas medium

In this study, we present an inverse calculation model to reconstruct time-averaged temperature, species concentration and their root mean square (rms) values from optical synthetic measurements for a homogeneous turbulent gaseous medium. The model is based on line-of-sight spectral transmissivity synthetic measurements, and time-averaged transmissivities and their rms values are successfully related to time-averaged temperatures, species concentrations and their rms values by considering interaction between turbulence and radiation (TRI). The turbulence length scale is also retrieved simultaneously with the turbulent scalars. In order to validate the model, a stochastic approach is used to generate synthetic turbulent fields (fluctuations of temperature and species concentration), and measured spectra are synthesized through calculations from HITEMP 2010 for different spectral bands of CO2, H2O and CO.