cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and some chemical properties of oligodendroglia from calf brain.

— The method of Norton and Poduslo (1970) for isolating brain cells has been adapted for the isolation of oligodendroglia from the white matter of calf brain. The cells were obtained in greater than 90 per cent purity, and in a yield of 11 × 106 cells/g of white matter. This number of cells represented a recovery of 11 per cent of the total cells in the tissue and therefore a considerably higher recovery of the original number of oligodendroglia. The average cell contained 5, 2 pg of DNA, 2–0 pg of RNA and 6, 7 pg of lipid. The lipid comprised cholesterol, galactolipid (both cerebroside and sulphatide) and phospholipid in the molar ratio of 1:0, 45:2, 3. Gangliosides were present in a concentration similar to that found in isolated rat neurons, The myelin-specific enzyme, 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase, was present at a level nearly equal to that in myelin, and eight-fold higher than the levels in rat neurons or astrocytes. The isolated oligodendroglia differed considerably from isolated astrocytes in size, morphology and chemical composition.
Effects of the wine polyphenolics quercetin and resveratrol on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages

The beneficial effects of moderate red wine consumption have been attributed, in part, to the presence of antioxidant components. Oxidant stress is an activating stimulus for the NF (nuclear factor)-KB/Rel family of transcription factors, which have binding sites in the promoter regions of many genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses. The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of NF-KB and the subsequent production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and NO was determined in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Unexpectedly, the wine polyphenolics quercetin and resveratrol and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not inhibit LPS-induced activation of the NF-KB complex p50/65, as determined by mobility shift. Quercetin inhibited LPS-induced p50/50. Northern blot analysis indicated that quercetin (0.1 and 0.2 mM) inhibited LPS-dependent production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and decreased NO release, as measured by the Griess reaction. This flavonoid had no effect on LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA, but decreased LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha release, as measured by ELISA. Resveratrol (0.05 and 0.1 mM) posttranscriptionally decreased LPS-induced nitrite release. It increased basal levels of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein and enhanced LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA and cytokine release. Our results do not support the view that wine antioxidants inhibit LPS-induced NF-KB activation but instead that they have a more selective action on genes activated by LPS.
Life and death decisions in the intensive care unit

More than 250,000 women will die of cancer in the United States this year, almost 10% of which are due to gynecologic malignancies. Many of these women will have received care in the intensive care unit (ICU). With important advances in medical technology and the advent of an expanded pharmacologic armamentarium, our ability to maintain life has increased greatly over the past few years. However, this phenomenon has been associated with great emotional and financial cost. It is estimated that ICU charges totaled almost 10% of the $810 billion spent on health care in the United States in 1992. Because 6-month survival rates for patients with cancer admitted to an ICU are the lowest of any disease subgroup (23.7%), we must critically evaluate the role of the ICU in the care of these patients. Decisions regarding admission to an ICU, level of care, and termination of care must take into account patient and family wishes, a reasonable estimation of the reversibility of the acute disease process in question, and the natural history of the underlying disease. Many prognostic scoring systems have been devised to estimate the probability of death among adult ICU patients ; however, most of these systems were developed with data from trauma patients rather than from patients with an underlying malignancy, and none are capable of predicting which patient will die. Decisions concerning level of care in the ICU will necessarily involve medical as well as ethical considerations and are best made with a team approach.
Closely Related G-protein-coupled Receptors Use Multiple and Distinct Domains on G-protein α-Subunits for Selective Coupling

Abstract The molecular basis of selectivity in G-protein receptor coupling has been explored by comparing the abilities of G-protein heterotrimers containing chimeric Gα subunits, comprised of various regions of Gi1α, Gtα, and Gqα, to stabilize the high affinity agonist binding state of serotonin, adenosine, and muscarinic receptors. The data indicate that multiple and distinct determinants of selectivity exist for individual receptors. While the A1 adenosine receptor does not distinguish between Gi1α and Gtα sequences, the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B serotonin and M2 muscarinic receptors can couple with Gi1 but not Gt. It is possible to distinguish domains that eliminate coupling and are defined as “critical,” from those that impair coupling and are defined as “important.” Domains within the N terminus, α4-helix, and α4-helix-α4/β6-loop of Gi1α are involved in 5-HT and M2 receptor interactions. Chimeric Gi1α/Gqα subunits verify the critical role of the Gα C terminus in receptor coupling, however, the individual receptors differ in the C-terminal amino acids required for coupling. Furthermore, the EC50 for interactions with Gi1 differ among the individual receptors. These results suggest that coupling selectivity ultimately involves subtle and cooperative interactions among various domains on both the G-protein and the associated receptor as well as the G-protein concentration.
In vivo depression of reserve albumin binding capacity by cadmium: a preliminary evaluation.

Abstract The effect of cadmium upon the depression of reserve albumin binding capacity (%RABC) was investigated in male, New Zealand white rabbits at daily dosages of 0.65 mg and 0.90 mg Cd/kg body weight. Correlations of % RABC to the duration of exposure were strongest at the higher dosage. After 30–35 days exposure, the decline in % RABC was partially reversed. Levels of total protein in urine increased sharply within a few days after the % RABC had been reduced by cadmium to their lowest values.
Elements of a successful capstone course considering the needs of stakeholders

One of the principal objectives of engineering education is to prepare graduates for the practice of engineering in industry. Industry involvement in the educational process can be very helpful in devising programs to meet this objective. Yet, engineering education has a number of other stakeholders including students, faculty, academic administrators, and others. Identifying and meeting the needs and wants of these various stakeholders is essential in developing educational programs and learning activities that are effective and sustainable. Stakeholders in engineering education are identified, including their wants and needs. Alternative approaches to developing a Capstone course, with input from these stakeholders, are proposed and evaluated in light of stakeholder needs and wants. A case study for developing a two-semester senior design capstone course at Brigham Young University is presented. In this example more than 300 industry sponsored, design and build, projects have been completed by cross-fun...
Co-mutagenic effects of propidium on petite induction by ethidium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Propidium, whose structure is closely related to ethidium bromide, induced a low level of petites in yeast, but only at high concentrations with long incubation time, and only in growth medium. When added to growing cells, propidium also caused a large increase in petite induction by ethidium even at submutagenic concentrations of ethidium. Incorporation of adenine into DNA was inhibited by propidium in mitochondria but not in nuclei. Propidium by itself has no effects on fragmentation of pre-existing DNA, but enhanced mitochondrial DNA degradation provoked by ethidium. The proportion of suppressive clones occurring among the petites from ethidium treatment was reduced by the presence of propidium. All of these results indicated that propidium treatment led to degradation of the mitochondrial DNA in petites induced by ethidium but not in native (intact) mitochondrial DNA, nor in spontaneous petite colonies. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of modulation of petite induction.
Problems and prospects in the study of childhood depression.

A renewed interest in the existence and phenomenology of childhood depressive illness has followed upon the major increase in our knowledge of adult affective disorders. This paper briefly reviews these developments, using a five-stage model of clinical picture, family and follow-up studies, and tre
The warp of whiteness: Domesticity and empire in Helen Hunt Jackson's Ramona

A key metaphor of Helen Hunt Jackson’s popular 1884 Indian reform novel, Ramona, brings together white women’s housework, pluralistic nation building, and domestic subject making. Aunt Ri, a white Southerner out West who overcomes her prejudices against Indians, weaves rag carpets of what she calls the “hit-er-miss” pattern (410). In these domestic productions, there are “no set stripes or regular alternation of colors, but ball after ball of the indiscriminately mixed tints, woven back and forth, on a warp of a single color” (410). Claiming she has never seen a “hit-er-miss” rag carpet “thet wa’n’t pooty,” Aunt Ri delights “in the constant variety in it, the unexpectedly harmonious blending of the colors” (410). Modeling the novel’s ideal of an inclusive racial tolerance, the multihued rag carpet represents a post-Reconstruction US that makes no distinctions on account of color. 1 Indeed, civic and aesthetic virtue flow from the juxtaposition of domesticated difference, while Jim Crow segregation only produces displeasing results: those who “hed ’em planned aout” from “ther warp” to “ther stripes” are always “orful diserpynted when they cum ter see ’t done” (410). Post-Reconstruction domesticity posits diversity in integration, and harmony in diversity; the incorporation of all citizens, actual or potential, regardless of race, appears as the necessary task and happy result of white women’s housework. Tidying up the human fragments of empire, Ramona illustrates domesticity’s centrality to late-nineteenth-century US imperialism and suggests how white women’s engagement with the colonial project advanced their own quest for national agency. Casting the aftermath of manifest destiny less as an intense conflict between tribal nations and the US for political sovereignty and cultural survival than as the apparently noncoercive consolidation of e pluribus unum, Indian reform novels such as Ramona highlight the critical need to join two areas of literary investigation—domesticity and imperialism—which have typically been theorized separately. 2
Portraits of Exemplary Montessori Practice for All Literacy Teachers

This article describes children's literacy development across early program levels in a highly respected Montessori school. A qualitative investigation of children's use of language as a holistic process within meaningful contexts was conducted. Descriptions captured children's experiences in a Montessori prepared environment with specifically designed didactic materials, as well as with other non-Montessori language arts resources commonly found in traditional classrooms. The results showed an enriched literacy environment where children from infancy through kindergarten came to understand the important relationships between thought and literacy learnings
28 Procedural Sedation for Fracture Reduction in Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have a higher rate of more severe injuries than the general population. However, it is unclear if their ADHD causes them to respond differently to procedural sedation required to treat these injuries.
Introducing the classics

This brief introduction announces a new series of accounting classics, beginning with the nomination of Abe Briloff's book: Unaccountable Accounting: Games Accountants Play.
The Bibliotherapy Education Project: Alive and Well—and Perpetually "Under Construction"

ABSTRACT The Bibliotherapy Education Project began as a teaching collaboration between faculty at Oregon State University's Libraries and School of Education. The project's evolution from 1999 to 2004 was previously described in this journal (McMillen 2005). The core of the project is a book evaluation tool, which builds counselor skill and knowledge in selection of books; since 2004, book evaluations created with the tool populate a searchable database. The accompanying Web site supports emerging counseling professionals in learning to competently use books in therapy. This article will describe recent developments and future directions for the overall project, including a usability study targeted to refining the Web site.
Ensuring Confidentiality of Geocoded Health Data: Assessing Geographic Masking Strategies for Individual-Level Data

Public health datasets increasingly use geographic identifiers such as an individual's address. Geocoding these addresses often provides new insights since it becomes possible to examine spatial patterns and associations. Address information is typically considered confidential and is therefore not released or shared with others. Publishing maps with the locations of individuals, however, may also breach confidentiality since addresses and associated identities can be discovered through reverse geocoding. One commonly used technique to protect confidentiality when releasing individual-level geocoded data is geographic masking. This typically consists of applying a certain amount of random perturbation in a systematic manner to reduce the risk of reidentification. A number of geographic masking techniques have been developed as well as methods to quantity the risk of reidentification associated with a particular masking method. This paper presents a review of the current state-of-the-art in geographic masking, summarizing the various methods and their strengths and weaknesses. Despite recent progress, no universally accepted or endorsed geographic masking technique has emerged. Researchers on the other hand are publishing maps using geographic masking of confidential locations. Any researcher publishing such maps is advised to become familiar with the different masking techniques available and their associated reidentification risks.
Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Programs for the Management of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Objective To evaluate the impact of comprehensive, multidisciplinary management programs on the process of care, resource utilization, health care costs, and clinical outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure.
Reorientation to vertical modulated by combined support surface tilt and virtual visual flow in healthy elders and adults with stroke

We explored how changes in visual attention impacted postural motor performance in healthy elders and adults post-stroke within a virtual reality environment, including when vestibular information was not perceptible. Visual dependence in 13 healthy (50–80 years) and 13 adults post-stroke (49–70 years) was assessed with a rod-and-frame task. Three degree support surface dorsiflexion tilts at 30°/s were combined with 30° and 45°/s continuous pitch rotations of the visual environment. The support surface remained tilted for 30 s followed by a 0.1°/s return to neutral during continued visual field rotation. Body displacement and ankle muscle responses were recorded, and wavelet transforms calculated. Muscle frequencies and kinematic measures were examined with functional principal component analysis, and weights compared through mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. Both populations exhibited increased backward sway with pitch upward visual field motion; adults post-stroke produced significantly larger muscle responses. Lateral sway was most regulated when visual flow velocity matched platform velocity. Visual flow summed with direction of support surface instability and visually dependent individuals produced more controlled lateral sway when viewing a dynamic visual field. Provoking postural instability within a dynamic visual flow field could serve as a training tool for postural stabilizing actions, particularly when visual dependence is exhibited.
A Stereophotogrammetric System For The Detection Of Prosthesis Loosening In Total Hip Arthroplasty

Loosening of the prosthetic device occurs in about 5% of cases following placement of total hip prostheses (THP). Early detection of loosening is much desired but is difficult to achieve using conventional methods. Due to errors of projection, it is quite possible to fail to detect mobility of even as much as 5 mm on single x-ray films. We are attempting to develop a simplified photogrammetric system suitable for general hospital use which could detect loosening of 0.8 mm at the 95 % level of confidence without use of complex stereoplotting equipment. Metal reference markers are placed in the shaft of the femur and in the acetabular region of the pelvis at the time of surgery. The distances between these reference markers and certain unambiguous points on the prostheses are computed analytically using an X-Y acoustical digitizer (accuracy ± 0.1 mm) and software developed previously for craniofacial measurement. Separate stereopairs of the joint region are taken under weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing conditions. Differences in the measured distances between the bo-ne markers and the prosthetic components on the two stereopairs are taken as indicators of prosthesis loosening. Measurements on a phantom using ten different x-ray stereopairs taken from as many different perspectives have established that true linear distances between reference points and prostheses can be measured at the desired reliability with the present low precision system. Preliminary in vivo measurements indicate that the main unresolved problem is the movement of the subject between the two exposures of each single stereopair. Two possible solutions to this problem are discussed.
IL TRATTATO DI PAOLO DELL'ABBACO

title RSUM /title L'Auteur tudie le Trattato di tutta l'arte dell'abacho de Paolo dell'Abbaco, un texte fondamental d'arithmtique commerciale datant de la premire moiti du XIVme sicle. Par un examen du texte et une comparaison entre toutes les copies connues, il en confirme la datation et formule des hypothses sur les raisons de la clbrit et du succs de ce texte, non seulement parmi ses contemporains, mais aussi pour de nombreuses gnrations suivantes. En appendice est retranscrite la table des matires de l'exemplaire qui semble tre trs probablement l'original.
Office colonoscopy ― a safe procedure in selected patients

Colonoscopy is a common procedure, usually performed in a hospital setting. Hospital backup is desirable for high-risk patients, but the cost to benefit ratio may be unnecessarily high for low-risk patients. The demand for colonoscopic examinations is escalating, and cost containment has become an important issue. One way to reduce the cost is to climinate the hospital component by performing the examination in the office. Over the past two and a half years, colonoscopy was performed on selected patients in the authors' office. Five hundred fifty-four office colonoscopies were performed to date, including biopsy or polypectomy in 348. Basic principles of safe intravenous sedation and colonoscopy were followed strictly. The cecum was reached in 92 percent of cases, and no signficant complications were encountered. Office colonoscopy is a safe alternative to hospital colonoscopy. It confers significant cost savings to the patient and allows more efficient use of the physician's time.
Impurity scattering and triplet superconductivity in UPt3.

Substitution of rare earths ($R$), Th, and Zr for U in U${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$ depresses the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ at an initial rate ($\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{c}}{x}$), where $x$ is the impurity concentration, that increases linearly with increasing residual resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$, indicating that the primary pair breaking mechanism is impurity potential scattering. The scaling of ($\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{c}}{x}$) with ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ is strong evidence for anisotropic superconductivity in U${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$. The absence of a correlation of ($\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{c}}{x}$) with the de Gennes factor of the $R$ ions suggests that the superconducting order parameter in the $A$ phase of U${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$ has odd parity.
Prospective evaluation of a 3.1-mm battery-powered esophagoscope in screening for esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

Prospective Evaluation of a 3.1-mm Battery-Powered Esophagoscope in Screening for Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients
A Model for Evaluating the Effects of Thai Government Taxation of Rice Exports on Trade and Welfare

The implications of Thai government taxation of rice exports through the export premium on trade and welfare are examined by means of a dynamic simultaneous equation model which allows for interactions between the rice production, consumption, and export sectors. Although the export premium may have generated a net welfare gain for Thailand over the 1961–70 period, owing to the highly imperfect nature of the international market, it results in a substantial transfer from the farmers and may have adverse effects on their incentives to adopt modern inputs in paddy production.
Familial iris melanosis -a misnomer?

Iris melanosis is an unusual condition characterised by the presence of minute, discrete, pigmented elevations arising from the anterior surface of the iris. We encountered two unrelated Mexican families in which all children, but no parent, had varying degrees of the condition bilaterally. Some family members also gave findings suggestive of ocular hypertension. No family member had any other ocular or cutaneous pigmentary changes with the exception of a hairy naevus on the thigh of one member. To our knowledge these are the first families reported with more than one member having isolated iris melanosis. This is also the first report of a possible relationship with ocular hypertension. Finally we suggest that the term 'melanosis' may be a misnomer, since the condition is characterised not by abnormal iris hyperpigmentation but by discrete, round elevations on the anterior iris surface.
A Minimalist Approach to Crewed Lunar Exploration

NASA’s current plans for returning to the Moon include the build-up of a lunar outpost at the South Pole. Proposed architectures utilize a complex process of offloading, transporting, and assembling the major pressurized elements of outpost in-situ. This process has significant operational and developmental costs and risks associated with it. To “sidestep” the technical challenges of developing the required hardware and incurring the operational risks of assembly, the authors present an alternative lunar outpost architecture that focuses on transporting the crew and supplies across the lunar surface instead of transporting and assembling the habitation modules (also called the “non-connected architecture”). This architecture is made feasible by the use of the Small Pressurized Rovers (SPRs) that are included in the campaign for long-distance surface exploration. This paper includes discussion of the required redesign of the subsystems of the major elements in the architecture (habitat, laboratory, and Pressurized Logistics Module) that both make a “nonconnected architecture” feasible as well as optimize the elements for the new architecture. The programmatic details involving cost, schedule, and risk are discussed in relative terms to NASA’s proposed architecture.
The role of xanthine oxidase in platelet activating factor induced intestinal injury in the rat

Background Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important source of reactive oxygen species in the small intestine. Aims To examine the interaction of platelet activating factor (PAF), XO, and neutrophils in mediating intestinal injury in rats. Methods Two doses of PAF were used to induce either reversible hypotension, or irreversible shock with intestinal necrosis. The activities of XO, and its precursor xanthine dehydrogenase (XD), in both the whole intestinal tissue and epithelial cells, were measured. XO was localised by histochemical staining. Results PAF dose dependently induced an increase in XO activity, predominantly in the ileal epithelium, without altering the total activity of XD+XO. Most of the XD to XO conversion was via proteolysis. PAF induced XO activation and intestinal injury were prevented by prior neutrophil depletion. PAF induced XO activation is probably not due to reperfusion, as XO activation preceded the recovery of mesenteric flow. Allopurinol pretreatment substantially inhibited intestinal neutrophil sequestration induced by high dose (but not low dose) PAF. Conclusions PAF rapidly activates intestinal XO through proteolytic XD-XO conversion, predominantly in the ileal epithelium. This effect is mediated by neutrophils. XO activation promotes PAF induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte sequestration in the intestine.
Estimation of Heritability of Threshold Characters

Abstract Many traits of dairy cattle such as disease resistance and type breakdown scores may have an underlying distribution of values which are approximately normal but must be measured on a yes or no basis. Theory from literature suggests that heritability estimated from such binomial data is only z 2 /p(1−p) as large as heritability if it could be measured on the normal scale where z is the ordinate on the normal distribution at the threshold point corresponding to a fraction p of the population having the character. Data were generated from a pseudo-normal distribution to test this theory for estimates derived from parent-offspring correlation and paternal sib correlation. The adjustment from theory was quite satisfactory for the paternal sib correlation but would lead to substantial overestimates of heritability on the normal scale when p is small and normal heritability is actually large.
Weighted average denoising with Sparse Orthonormal Transforms

Sparse Orthonormal Transforms (SOT) has recently been proposed as a data compression method that can achieve sparser representations in transform domain. Given initial conditions, the optimization method utilized to generate the dictionary of SOT also achieves the optimal orthonormal transform for hard thresholding. In the context of translation-invariant denoising, one can use this dictionary to represent the local neighborhood around each pixel and obtain denoised estimates for that neighborhood with hard thresholding. Building upon this approach, here we propose a method to fuse the overlapping denoised estimates via weighted linear averaging to compute final denoised signal.
Financial Markets and the Euro

The introduction of the euro is likely to create deeper, more liquid, transparent, and informationally efficient European capital markets. This should lead to a lower cost of capital for firms that raise capital in euros and encourage greater trading activity. These benefits will be shared by market participants both inside and outside the European Monetary Union (EMU).
Analogy and Equivocation in Hobbes

The failures of a philosophic system (like the failures and set-backs in the life and career of a person) are often a good deal more revealing than its successes, for such failures (like those in real life) test its strength and mark the limits of its endurance. Yet if these failures disclose any uniform pattern they are not only revealing but instructive and can be turned to good account.
Aggregation of hapten-bearing liposomes mediated by specific antibodies.

We studied specific membrane-membrane interactions mediated by ligand-receptor binding in a model system, which consisted of (a) FG3P, the fluorescein hapten attached to a phospholipid by a peptidyl spacer as described previously (Petrossian, A., A.B. Kantor, and J.C. Owicki. 1985. J. Lipid Res. 26:767–773), (b) antifluorescein monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and (c) phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) into which the FG3P was incorporated. The aggregation of the hapten-bearing liposomes by four MAbs was studied by differential centrifugation. The ability of the MAbs to induce vesicle aggregation varied considerably and correlated inversely with affinity. Aggregation by one of the MAbs was studied in more detail by turbidimetry and freeze-fracture electron microscopy of samples frozen throughout the course of the aggregation. Rapid freezing was achieved with a double propane-jet apparatus. The aggregate morphologies and the time evolution of the aggregate size distribution were obtained from the two-dimensional fracture views with a stereological correction. The aggregation kinetics were simulated by considering dynamical aggregation according to a mass-action model with two parameters, the rate constants for antibody-mediated vesicle aggregation and disaggregation. Both rate constants were orders of magnitude lower than the rate constants for the corresponding interactions of antibodies with haptens either in solution or on vesicles under nonaggregating conditions.
Más allá del fútbol: Validating Afro-Latino Culture and Decolonizing the Curriculum through Film and Filmmaking

Though recent scholarship illuminates the significance of film in increasing visibility of Afro-Latinos and expanding the Spanish language curriculum, it fails to consider how film validates oral traditions in the African Diaspora as well as challenge the curricular assumptions that marginalize orality. I therefore consider the counterhegemonic potential of film through a discussion of my 2008 Fulbright funded documentary film on the Afro-Ecuadorian communities of the Chota-Mira valley. A decolonizing process and project, Mas alla del futbol documents the oral tradition of bomba as a means of celebrating afrochoteno culture and raising awareness of their subalternity. Interdisciplinary, it presents bomba and afrochoteno culture as represented by afrochotenos themselves. This article reveals the necessity of critically engaging film and filmmaking as decolonial tools that validate afrodescendant oral traditions and counter the epistemological violence of colonialism and colonial slavery.
Maternal and Embryonic Control of Uterine Sphingolipid-Metabolizing Enzymes During Murine Embryo Implantation

During early gestation in invasively implanting species, the uterine stromal compartment undergoes dramatic remodeling, defined by the differentiation of stromal fibroblast cells into decidual cells. Lipid signaling molecules from a number of pathways are well-established functional components of this decidualization reaction. Because of a correlation in the events that transpire in the uterus during early implantation with known functions of bioactive sphingolipid metabolites established from studies in other organ systems, we hypothesized that uterine sphingolipid metabolism would change during implantation. By a combination of Northern blot, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses, we establish that enzymes at each of the major catalytic steps in the sphingolipid cascade become transcriptionally up-regulated in the uterus during decidualization. Each of the enzymes analyzed was up-regulated from Days of Pregnancy (DOP) 4.5-7.5. When comparing embryo-induced decidualization (decidual) with mechanically induced decidualization (deciduomal), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (Smpd1) mRNA and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) protein were shown to be dually regulated in the endometrium by both maternal and embryonic factors. As measured by the diacyl glycerol kinase assay, ceramide levels rose in parallel with Smpd1 gene expression, suggesting that elevated transcription of sphingolipid enzymes results in heightened catalytic activity of the pathway. Altogether, these findings place sphingolipids on a growing list of lipid signaling molecules that become increasingly present at the maternal-embryonic interface.
The Evolution of Cooperative Behavior and Its Implications for Ethics

While many philosophers agree that evolutionary theory has important implications for the study of ethics, there has been no consensus on what these implications are. I argue that we can better understand these implications by examining two related yet distinct issues in evolutionary theory: the evolution of our moral beliefs and the evolution of cooperative behavior. While the prevailing evolutionary account of morality poses a threat to moral realism, a plausible model of how altruism evolved in human beings provides the grounding for a research program that focuses on achieving some of the more practical goals shared by ethicists.
Native T1 Mapping for Myocardial Infarction: Time to Throw Out the Gadolinium?

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) [(1)][1] is the current clinical gold standard modality for evaluation of focal fibrosis and scar in patients with an ischemic or a nonischemic cardiomyopathy. LGE requires administration of an exogenous gadolinium-based contrast
Comment on “Absorption and Enjoyment of Music” by Rhodes, David, and Combs:

Rhodes, David, and Combs (1988) first administered the Tellegen Absorption Scale to 35 students who then rated how much they liked eight musical selections representing classical, new age, rock, and country music. Correlations were .51 (p < .01) for classical music, .40 (p < .05) for new age music, .20 (n.s.) for rock music, and .ll (n.s.) for country music. The authors concluded that the findings were consistent with the hypothesis that the trait of absorption is related to the enjoyment of music and that such a relation is strongest for classical music. They also argued that new age music, which also yielded a significant correlation with the absorption scale, was most similar to classical music in format and complexity. We believe, however, that the methodology is not closely tied to the authors' hypotheses, nor are their conclusions entirely consistent with the data presented. The authors hypothesized that a positive relation exists "between the trait of absorption and the ability to enjoy music." In fact, the authors did not test the hypothesis that absorption is related to an ability to enjoy music Because there are large individual differences in preference for musical styles, it cannot be assumed that enjoyment of a musical piece implies anything about a subject's ability to enjoy muslc Although enjoyment of music was shown to correlate with absorption, the ability to enjoy mlis~c was not measured and was therefore not examined. Although the authors hypothesized that the relation between absorption and classical music would be strongest because of its musical complexity, "complexity" was not operationalized. Indeed, the presence or absence of lyrics, rather than complexity, might have mediated the correlations obtained. Further, the conclusion that the relation between absorption and enjoyment of classical music is the strongest is not justified by the data presented. To demonstrate this, the authors would have had to show that the correlation between classical music and absorption is greater than that obtained between absorption and other musical stvles Simply inspecting the correlations is not a sufficient basis for comparing the relative slrength of the relation between absorption and type of music. Moreover, although the authors collapsed across musical selections to compute correlations, this procedure may not be appropriate: the relation becween absorption and musical type may vary across the selections. As a final caveat, the possibility that context effects (Council, Kirsch, & Hafner, 1986) artificially inflated the correlation becween absorption and music enjoyment should be considered. Because the absorption scale was administered in the same context as the music-racing task, context-based expectancies could have mediated the positive correlations obtained. Despite the Limitations we have noted, the hypothesis that absorption and music enjoyment are correlated is interesting and warrants further investigation.
Who's the Boss? Explaining Gender Inequality in Entrepreneurial Teams

Sociologists have examined gender inequalities across a wide array of social contexts. Yet, questions remain regarding how inequalities arise among autonomous groups pursuing economic goals. In this article, we investigate mixed-sex entrepreneurial teams to unpack the mechanisms by which gender inequality in leadership emerges, despite strong pressures toward merit-based organizing principles. We theorize the potentially competing relationships between merit and gender and explore the contingencies moderating their effects. Drawing on a unique, nationally representative dataset of entrepreneurial teams sampled from the U.S. population in 2005, we use conditional logistic regression to test our hypotheses. We demonstrate that merit’s effect becomes much larger when multiple merit-based criteria provide consistent predictions for which team member is superior to others, and when entrepreneurial founders adopt bureaucratic templates to construct new ventures. However, gender stereotypes of leaders pervasivel...
The Use of Childhood Icons in Nostalgic Appeals for Charity.

In the current inquiry we add to the emerging research (Ford and Merchant, 2010; Merchant, Ford and Rose, 2011; Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Shi and Feng, 2011) on the influence of nostalgia on charitable donations, by examining the role of childhood icons. We contend that marketers can bank on the value of consumer memories but there are aspects, like icons, that they shouldn’t messed with when trying to appeal to the past, such as PBS’ move to promoting Cookie Monster as Veggie Monster.
Calibration of spectral responsivity of IR detectors in the range from 0.6 μm to 24 μm

We report the upgraded performance of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) facility for spectral responsivity calibrations of infrared (IR) detectors in both radiant power and irradiance measurement modes. The extension of the wavelength range of the previous scale, below 0.8 μm and above 19 μm in radiant power mode as well as above 5.3 μm in irradiance mode, became available as a result of multiple improvements. The calibration facility was optimized for low-level radiant flux. A significantly reduced noise-equivalent-power and a relatively constant spectral response were achieved recently on newly developed pyroelectric detectors. Also, an efficient optical geometry was developed for calibration of the spectral irradiance responsivity without using an integrating sphere. Simultaneously, the upgrade and maintenance of the NIST transfer standards, with an extended spectral range, were supported by spectral reflectance measurements of a transfer standard pyroelectric detector using a custom integrating sphere and a Fourier transform spectrometer. The sphere reflectance measurements performed in a relative mode were compared to a bare gold-coated mirror reference, separately calibrated at the Fourier transform Infrared Spectrophotometry facility to 18 μm. Currently, the reflectance data for the pyroelectric standard, available in the range up to 30 μm, are supporting the absolute power responsivity scale by the propagation of the reflectance curve to the absolute tie-spectrum in the overlapping range. Typical examples of working standard pyroelectric-, Si-, MCT-, InSb- and InGaAs- detectors are presented and their optimal use for scale dissemination is analyzed.
Retrospective Analysis of Reverse Syphilis Algorithm in Relation to Screen Cutoff Values

Traditionally, syphilis serologic screening has been performed using a nontreponemal test followed by a confirmatory treponemal test. In recent years, many clinical laboratories have implemented a reverse screening algorithm, in which sera are screened using an automated treponemal test. The present study is aiming at revisiting the performance of reverse algorithm and analyzing its relation to screen cutoff values. All requests …
Fournier’s Gangrene of the Scrotum in a Child

AbstractThe unusual case of a 2 year old child with Fournier’s gangrene of the scrotum is reported.
The Life of the Condemned: The Autonomous Legal System and the Community of the Flesh in Measure for Measure

In this chapter, I focus on one of the chief institutional organs of the nation-state, namely the legal system. In Constitutional Theory, Carl Schmitt argues that a legal system that appears to be an autonomous, extra-political set of juridical processes nevertheless always depends on the hidden will of a sovereign, who decides that the law will in fact be applied. Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure makes precisely this point, revealing the dependence of the seemingly autonomous legal system on the arbitrary will of the sovereign. However, as in Julius Caesar, Shakespeare is not interested in theorizing the organs of state power for their own sake. Rather, Shakespeare’s interest is in the transformative effects of encountering a legal system that has been stripped of its veneer of legitimacy and that therefore appears as a vehicle of raw sovereign power. As we reflect on what Measure for Measure teaches, we first come to see the raw sovereign will behind the law, and then we come to see the transformative consequences of exposure to such sovereign will for bodies living together with other bodies. Measure for Measure brings to the stage a form of life that is triggered when characters experience themselves as radically subjected to an arbitrary legal code, and then experience this subjection as a force that spins them out of the gravity of the legal and political order altogether.
Economic impact of module replacement

We report the results from an economic analysis of module replacement costs in a residential c-Si photovoltaic (PV) system. Our objective is to ensure the long- term financial success of PV assets through dissemination of information regarding PV system costs and demonstrate an economic rationale to improve quality and reduce risk. These results will provide actual PV system field experience and will document the economic impact of PV module defects using both a sensitivity analysis and worst case scenario analysis from an actual PV installation. Multiple 10 kW systems that demonstrated systemic failure of a module backsheet subcomponent after four years in operation are the basis of this study. We will share an overview of the observed PV system defects and assumptions used for analysis. A breakdown of the impact on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), payback period, and net present value (NPV) will be presented. In addition, we hope to raise awareness about module defects that may be indicative of quality issues requiring further investigation or proactive operation and maintenance (O&M). We will offer some risk mitigation techniques developed, as a result of our learning, to help identify and reduce these operational expenses.
Educação Especial: por uma escola para todos

Atraves de leituras e analises de trabalhos cientificos, pretendeu-se expor relevante ponto de vista sobre o tema abordado. Percebe-se que nas ultimas decadas o tema educacao especial e a inclusao no ambiente educacional tem sido muito refletido e debatido. Entretanto, percebe-se que em sua trajetoria houve significativas transformacoes tanto sociais como tambem pedagogicas. Diante disso, esse estudo tem como tematica central o desafio da inclusao de alunos com necessidades especiais na escola e sua integracao com a comunidade escolar. Mais especificamente, pretendeu-se analisar a educacao especial, apontando questoes ligadas a essa inclusao educacional. A metodologia constitui por meio de pesquisa bibliografica, atraves de analises de estudos acerca do tema. Contudo, ha a necessidade de um conjunto de acoes aliada a um olhar diferenciado no processo de ensino e aprendizagem com uma aceitacao de uma educacao inclusiva por parte de toda comunidade escolar, construindo assim, o conhecimento e uma efetiva socializacao..
Auditor Conservatism and Reporting Quality: The Role of Auditor Portfolios

We examine whether an auditor’s response to a specific client’s failure extends to other clients in their portfolio. Using a sample of commercial bank clients, we find that audit firms become more conservative across all client-banks in their portfolio when one of those banks fails (as deemed by the FDIC). Specifically, auditors require the surviving clients in their portfolio to accrue larger loan loss provisions, especially when the visibility of the surviving audit client is greater. However, we do not find that auditors experiencing a failure in their portfolio charge higher audit fees. Furthermore, we find evidence that the loan loss provisions were less timely, less accurate, and reversed in subsequent periods, suggesting that an auditor’s portfolio-wide response to a client failure may have been overly conservative. These results are consistent with auditors perceiving higher risk of litigation and reputational concerns when one client fails, and altering their audit behavior across the remaining clients.
The Russian Army in the Great War: The Eastern Front, 1914–1917. By David R. Stone. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2015. Pp. viii, 359. $34.95.)

Historians of the First World War face an acute problem of narration. The scale of the conflict was so vast and the cast of characters so huge that it is difficult for an author to present a meanin...
Between the Social and the Technical: Negotiation of Human-Centered Robotics Design in a Middle School Classroom

This paper presents a middle school human-centered robotics (HCR) learning experience and the ways in which it supported students’ orientation to technical and social aspects of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The interdisciplinary project associated with this analysis aims to engage diverse students in authentic STEM practices by creating robotic technologies that can assist people in their school, and connect with remote peers. The goal of this project is to increase student interest in and knowledge of STEM topics, and to help students recognize STEM as relevant to their daily lives and broader societal issues. The human-centered focus of the curriculum encouraged thinking from multiple perspectives (e.g. design, social science, programming) and allowed for diverse STEM exploration. We present samples from student work and classroom interactions. These samples show challenges and successes in engaging students with STEM as a combination of social and technical questions and skills. We trace the trajectory of one group’s work to highlight moments in which students navigated an engineering design cycle, analyzed and designed social environments, and crossed disciplinary domains through HCR design—using a phenomena, mechanisms, components framework (PMC) to explore systems thinking. Phenomena refers to attention to the function of the robotic technology in the classroom environment. Components included a focus on single parts of the robot, while mechanism addressed how parts of the robot worked together. This qualitative case study demonstrates the capacity social robotics and inquiry-based learning experiences hold for broadening notions of STEM as a social and multidisciplinary learning domain.