cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving over-the-counter medication safety for older adults: A study protocol for a demonstration and dissemination study.

Abstract Background Adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with over-the-counter (OTC) medications cause 178,000 hospitalizations each year. Older adults, aged 65 and older, are particularly vulnerable to ADEs. Of the 2.2 million older adults considered at risk for a major ADE, more than 50% are at risk due to concurrent use of an OTC and prescription medication. Objectives To refine the intervention and implementation strategy through diagnostic and formative evaluation; to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention for preventing misuse of high-risk OTC medications by older adults; and to evaluate the implementation of the intervention in community pharmacies. Methods A system redesign intervention to decrease high-risk OTC medication misuse will be tested to reduce misuse by improving communication between older adults and community pharmacists via the following features: a redesign of the physical environment to sensitize older adults to high-risk OTC medications, and the implementation of a clinical decision tool to support the pharmacist when critically evaluating the older adult's health status. The study will be conducted in three phases: a participatory design phase, a beta phase, and a test phase. The test phase will be conducted in three mass-merchandise stores. A total of 144 older adults will be recruited. A pre (control)/post (intervention) test will determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The primary outcome will be a comparison of proportion of older adults who misuse OTC medication from baseline to post-intervention. The process of implementation in the community pharmacy setting will be evaluated using the taxonomy proposed by Proctor et al. The participatory design phase has been approved by the institution's IRB (2016-0743). Projected impact It is anticipated that this project, which focuses on achieving systems-based improvement in an underemphasized area of the medication use process, will reduce ADEs associated with inappropriate OTC medication use in older adults.
Adam Smith and cultural relativism

This paper explores the presence of both relativistic and universalistic elements in Adam Smith’s moral philosophy. It argues that Smith is more sympathetic to the concerns of anthropologists than most philosophers have been, but still tries to uphold the possibility of moral judgments that transcend cultural contexts. It also argues that the tensions between these aspects of his thought are not easy to resolve, but that Smith’s sensitivity to the issues that give rise to them makes him a useful figure with whom to think through the relationship between anthropology and moral philosophy to this day.
Intensity and Phase Modulators in Epitaxial III-V Layers Directly Grown on Silicon Operating at 1.55 µm

We report for the first time electro-optic phase and amplitude modulators in GaAs/AlGaAs epitaxial layers grown on Si substrates. Intensity modulators with 4-mm long electrodes have Vπ of 3.59V corresponding to 1.44 V-cm modulation efficiency.
LP-BM5 Retrovirus–Expanded Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Alter B Cell Phenotype and Function

Our laboratory demonstrated that infection with the murine retrovirus LP-BM5 results in increased numbers of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and that these M-MDSCs suppress not only T but also B cell responses. Because of the paucity of studies regarding the effects of MDSCs in general on B cells, we focused on these understudied B cell targets for M-MDSC effects on B cell phenotypic and functional parameters. M-MDSCs specifically decreased the proliferation of transitional type 2 (T2) B cells in response to polyclonal stimulation but increased germinal center and Ab-secreting B cell proportions and class-switched Ig production. Additionally, M-MDSCs inhibited the expression of CD40 and MHC class II on stimulated B cells and suppressed Ag presentation to Ag-specific CD4 + T cells. These alterations of the B cell compartment coincided with decreases in aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and glucose consumption; the latter specifically decreased in the T2 subset. To compare B cell targets of ex vivo M-MDSC suppression with the status of B cells during the course of LP-BM5–induced pathogenesis, including immunodeficiency in vivo, B cells from LP-BM5–infected mice were collected and analyzed. LP-BM5 infection resulted in several analogous alterations of B cells, as were observed with retrovirally expanded M-MDSC suppression in vitro, including decreased proliferation of T2 B cells, an increased proportion of germinal center and Ab-secreting B cells, increased production of class-switched Abs, decreased expression of CD40, and decreased metabolic activity upon stimulation.
Determining Inappropriate Medication Alerts from "Inaccurate Warning" Overrides in the Intensive Care Unit.

Objective This article aims to understand provider behavior around the use of the override reason “Inaccurate warning,” specifically whether it is an effective way of identifying unhelpful medication alerts. Materials and Methods We analyzed alert overrides that occurred in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a major academic medical center between June and November 2016, focused on the following high-significance alert types: dose, drug-allergy alerts, and drug–drug interactions (DDI). Override appropriateness was analyzed by two independent reviewers using predetermined criteria. Results A total of 268 of 26,501 ICU overrides (1.0%) used the reason “Inaccurate warning,” with 93 of these overrides associated with our included alert types. Sixty-one of these overrides (66%) were identified to be appropriate. Twenty-one of 30 (70%) dose alert overrides were appropriate. Forty of 48 drug-allergy alert overrides (83%) were appropriate, for reasons ranging from prior tolerance (n = 30) to inaccurate ingredient matches (n = 5). None of the 15 DDI overrides were appropriate. Conclusion The “Inaccurate warning” reason was selectively used by a small proportion of providers and overrides using this reason identified important opportunities to reduce excess alerts. Potential opportunities include improved evaluation of dosing mechanisms based on patient characteristics, inclusion of institutional dosing protocols to alert logic, and evaluation of a patient's prior tolerance to a medication that they have a documented allergy for. This resource is not yet routinely used for alert tailoring at our institution but may prove to be a valuable resource to evaluate available alerts.
O que Vem (logo) depois do «pós»: o caso da etnografia

Reflexion sur la maniere dont les controverses liees au post-modernisme ont influence les sciences sociales et l'ethnographie en particulier. Comme resultat d'une familiarite croissante avec la critique litteraire et les critiques internes developpees en droit, en litterature, en sociologie et en philosophie, l'anthropologie est venue a s'interesser au texte ethnographique, au colonialisme et a l'hermeneutique. Selon l'A. le probleme de la reception du post-modernisme a a faire a la transgression, le scepticisme excessif et le relativisme paralysant qui menace le discours academique. Il veut comprendre ce que le debat post-moderne signifie pour l'etude de la societe contemporaine
Identification of a novel variant in phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK1) in an African-American child (PGK1 Detroit).

The human phosphoglycerate kinase-1 enzyme is the first of two energy generating steps in the glycolysis. Since its discovery in 1968, many pathologically mutated forms of PGK1 have been described....
Increasing Awareness of Medical Laboratory Sciences through Summer Outreach Programs

A common challenge among the Medical Laboratory Science profession is that it does not often receive the attention it deserves. In an effort to overcome this issue, increase awareness of Medical Laboratory Science as a career, and expand recruitment efforts to high school students, the Department of Laboratory Sciences faculty developed a hands-on laboratory experience to be implemented into existing summer outreach programs on the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences campus. Participants in the outreach program included 175 high school students from rural areas of the state. This experience involved participants completing a process of DNA extraction using the Bio-Rad Genes in a BottleTM Kit and viewing a presentation highlighting the MLS profession, program prerequisites, laboratory career opportunities, and salary outlook. A post experience survey was given to the participants with a 77% response rate. Results showed the overwhelming majority of participants enjoyed the laboratory activity. A total of 53% of survey participants indicated they did not have knowledge of the Medical Laboratory Science profession prior to the activity, with 93% indicating the presentation and activity provided a better understanding of the field. While 24% of respondents indicated they were interested in pursuing a career in laboratory sciences, 48% would consider Medical Laboratory Sciences as a stepping stone into another healthcare related field. Implementing a laboratory component into existing summer programs proved to be an effective method for program outreach and recruitment among high school students. The department plans to continue offering this experience for future summer outreach opportunities.
Poisson stochastic master equation unravelings and the measurement problem: A quantum stochastic calculus perspective

This paper studies a class of quantum stochastic differential equations, modeling an interaction of a system with its environment in the quantum noise approximation. The space representing quantum noise is the symmetric Fock space over L2R+. Using the isomorphism of this space with the space of square-integrable functionals of the Poisson process, the equations can be represented as classical stochastic differential equations, driven by Poisson processes. This leads to a discontinuous dynamical state reduction which we compare to the Ghirardi-–Rimini–Weber model. A purely quantum object, the norm process, is found, which plays the role of an observer {in the sense of Everett [H. Everett III, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29(3), 454 (1957)]}, encoding all events occurring in the system space. An algorithm introduced by Dalibard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68(5), 580 (1992)] to numerically solve quantum master equations is interpreted in the context of unraveling, and the trajectories of expected values of system observables are calculated.
Effect of reversal of deep neuromuscular block with sugammadex or moderate block by neostigmine on shoulder pain in elderly patients undergoing robotic prostatectomy

Abstract Background For some laparoscopic procedures, deep neuromuscular block has been shown to facilitate lower insufflation pressures and lower patient pain scores, and enhance postoperative recovery. We investigated the impact of deep neuromuscular block and its reversal on postoperative shoulder pain and outcomes after robotic prostate surgery. Methods Elderly men undergoing robotic prostatectomy were randomised to deep neuromuscular block (target post-tetanic twitch of 1–2 at the facial nerve) with sugammadex reversal or moderate neuromuscular block (target 1–2 train-of-four ratio) with neostigmine reversal. The primary endpoint was postoperative shoulder pain. The secondary endpoints included intraoperative insufflation pressure, surgical rating score, incidence of residual neuromuscular block, and postoperative recovery. Results A total of 50 subjects for each treatment arm were included in the analysis. The degree of neuromuscular block had no effect on the incidence of shoulder pain (deep block group 12% vs moderate block group 10%; P=1.0) or average insufflation pressure (median [inter-quartile range]) (13.3 [12.5–13.6] mm Hg vs 13.3 [11.7–14] mm Hg, P=0.86). After surgery, the deep block group had a higher normalised train-of-four ratio (0.98 [0.79–1.11] vs 0.85 [0.74–1.00]; P=0.008). The presence of postoperative shoulder pain was associated with higher BMI (31.8 [28–33.9] kg m−2 vs 28 [24.8–31.1] kg m−2; P=0.036) and longer insufflation time (186 [156–257] min vs 154 [126–198] min; P=0.028). Conclusions The use of deep neuromuscular block during surgery does not decrease postoperative shoulder pain or enhance recovery after robotic prostatectomy. Clinical trial registration NCT03210376.
Ferromanganese crusts as recorders of marine dissolved oxygen

Abstract The distinct triple oxygen isotope composition of tropospheric O2 relative to seawater is the result of biogeochemical reactions (e.g. primary productivity, respiration), exchange with the stratosphere, and the relative size of different oxygen-containing reservoirs, namely O2, O3, and CO2. This difference in isotopic composition gives tropospheric O2 utility as a record of biogeochemical and atmospheric processes and may also be used for determining where in the rock record isotopic fingerprints of tropospheric oxygen may be preserved. The isotopic record of tropospheric oxygen in previous studies is largely limited to analyses of gas trapped in continental glaciers and a patchwork of other proxies, most notably the triple oxygen signature of sulfate. Here we show the uppermost layers of hydrogenetic, deep-ocean ferromanganese crusts from each of the major ocean basins have a triple oxygen isotope composition consistent with the direct incorporation of dissolved oxygen. The range of δ18O and Δ ′ 17O in ferromanganese crusts suggests the Mn oxide endmember contains a near 50:50 mixture of oxygen from water and dissolved O2. Our data indicate this signal also persists into older layers of the crusts, potentially preserving near 75 million years of the oxygen isotopic composition of the lower troposphere and subsequent deep-ocean respiration. Our analysis of oxygen isotope values, bulk chemistry, and estimated local dissolved oxygen for crust top samples reveals that variations in bulk chemistry ultimately exhibit more influence on the oxygen mass balance than changes in dissolved oxygen, presenting a challenge for unambiguous determination of local dissolved oxygen. Although analytical challenges remain, these widespread, layered deposits of ferromanganese crust may offer a viable path for future interrogation of the history or relative history of the oxygen cycle of the troposphere and deep ocean millions of years into the past.
Supportive Care Needs of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Referred to Palliative Medicine

ObjectivePatients with head and neck cancer (HNC) face a unique set of unmet needs. A subset of these patients experience symptom control challenges related to their disease burden and treatments. ...
Ranking of the Most Prolific Authors, Universities, and Organizations in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management

Over the years, reviews in behavior analysis have sought to identify the most prolific researchers and institutions. The goal of these reviews was to offer one resource for behavior analysts to ide...
Adolescent Thyroid Disorders.

Thyroid disorders are common in adolescence. Thyroid nodules can present in this age group, and although most are benign, malignancy is not unheard of. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis can present as hypothyroidism, while the adolescent with a goiter due to autoimmune thyroid disease is frequently euthyroid. Graves disease is a common etiology of hyperthyroid presentation in this age group. While there are known genetic and iatrogenic conditions that may predispose thyroid problems, they may also happen randomly in the general population. Thyroid problems may present as a goiter, a nodule, or a general cluster of abnormal symptoms and physical findings. The unique challenge to the provider of adolescent health care is that thyroid problems can adversely affect growth and development during puberty, a crucial period of hormonal interaction. This chapter addresses the diagnosis, treatment alternatives, and prognosis for a variety of common and uncommon thyroid abnormalities in adolescents. Many are readily treatable if recognized promptly, and even thyroid cancer often can be effectively treated and managed. Physicians treating the adolescent population have to be aware of the various thyroid problems that their patients can face.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: Effects on Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Functional outcomes.

Objective Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects 33-46% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be a risk factor for neuropsychological and functional deficits. However, the role of RBD on neuropsychological functioning in PD has yet to be fully determined. We, therefore, examined differences in neurocognitive performance, functional capacity, and psychiatric symptoms among nondemented PD patients with probable RBD (PD/pRBD+) and without (PD/pRBD-), and healthy comparison participants (HC). Methods Totally, 172 participants (58 PD/pRBD+; 65 PD/pRBD-; 49 HC) completed an RBD sleep questionnaire, psychiatric/clinical questionnaires, performance-based and self-reported functional capacity measures, and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery assessing attention/working memory, language, visuospatial function, verbal and visual learning and memory, and executive function. Results Controlling for psychiatric symptom severity, the PD/pRBD+ group had poorer executive functioning and learning performance than the PD/pRBD- group and poorer neuropsychological functioning across all individual cognitive domains than the HCs. In contrast, PD/pRBD- patients had significantly lower scores than HCs only in the language domain. Moreover, PD/pRBD+ patients demonstrated significantly poorer medication management skills compared to HCs. Both PD groups reported greater depressive and anxiety severity compared to HCs; PD/pRBD+ group also endorsed greater severity of apathy compared to HCs. Conclusions The presence of pRBD is associated with poorer neuropsychological functioning in PD such that PD patients with pRBD have poorer cognitive, functional, and emotional outcomes compared to HC participants and/or PD patients without pRBD. Our findings underscore the importance of RBD assessment for improved detection and treatment of neuropsychological deficits (e.g., targeted cognitive interventions).
Ride quality evaluation. I

As part of a larger effort to assess passenger comfort in aircraft, two questionnaires were administered: one to ground-based respondents, the other to passengers in flight. Respondents indicated the importance of various factors influencing their satisfaction with a trip, the perceived importance of various physical factors in determining their level of comfort, and the ease of time spent performing activities in flight. The in-flight sample also provided a rating of their level of comfort and of their willingness to fly again. Comfort ratings were examined in relation to (1) type of respondent, (2) type of aircraft, (3) characteristics of the passengers, (4) ease of performing activities, and (5) willingness to fly again.
Modified theories of laminar flow around a rigid cylinder and flow outside and inside a liquid cylinder in uniform and counterflow gaseous jets

The scale-invariant forms of conservation equations in reactive fields are described. The modified form of the Helmholtz vorticity equation is solved to determine laminar flow outside a rigid cylinder and flow inside and outside of a cylindrical liquid body in a uniform gaseous stream or at the stagnation-point of two symmetric gaseous planar counterflow jets. For the former problem, a modified solution for flow around rigid cylinder is presented that resolves the Stokes paradox and is harmonious with the Oseen's classical solution. For the latter problem, parallel to the classical Hill spherical vortex, the solution describing two cylindrical vortex lines is presented. Also, the stream functions representing flow within two concentric immiscible liquid cylinders in uniform or planar counterflow gaseous streams are presented.
A Case Report of Neonatal Supraventricular Tachycardia Resolved with Single-Syringe Adenosine.

Author(s): McDowell, Marc; Ahmed, Tasneem; Schroeder, Bill; Staley, Shannon | Abstract: Introduction: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a condition requiring emergency care in neonates.Case Report: We describe a successfully treated case of neonatal SVT in a four-week-old neonate using the novel adenosine administration method. This technique is potentially easier to facilitate and does not require equipment such as a stopcock. Adenosine 0.2 milligrams per kilogram was drawn up into a syringe containing 0.9% sodium chloride to a total volume of 3 milliliters. Once administered, the patient had near-immediate return to normal sinus rhythm without sequelae.Conclusion: This case demonstrates that the single-syringe method appears potentially safe and effective in neonates.
The influence of athletic taping and bracing on ankle sprain: A literature review

Ankle sprain is a common injury in sports, and it is considered one of the most body parts injured in athletes. An inversion ankle sprain is the most common type of ankle sprains injuries and constitutes 45% of sports injuries with a high recurrence level that could approximately affect 73% of athletes. This literature review is aimed to highlight the influence of the athletic taping and bracing on the athletic ankle sprains. Literature search was carried out using PubMed, SIMMON, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Athletic taping and bracing have been used for athletes with the purpose of injury prevention and as treatment during sporting activities. However, some studies showed ankle sprain injury reduction significantly up to half of the injury rate while using athletic tape. Furthermore, wearing the brace significantly lowers the injury rate of 1.6 sprains/1000 exposure comparing to 5.2 sprains/1000 exposure to those who did not wear the brace. Finally, athletic taping and bracing are common modalities used in practice. There is a lot of confounding factors and doubt in the literature regarding the influence of these modalities on the incidence and severity of injurers.
Incumbency as a Source of Spillover Effects in Mixed Electoral Systems: Evidence from a Regression-Discontinuity Design

In this paper we demonstrate empirically that incumbency is a source of spillover effects in Germany's mixed electoral system. Using a quasi-experimental research design that allows for causal inferences under a weaker set of assumptions than the regression models commonly used in the electoral systems literature, we find that incumbency causes a gain of 1.4-1.7 percentage points in PR vote shares. We also present simulations of Bundestag seat distributions to show that spillover effects caused by incumbency are sufficiently large to trigger significant shifts in parliamentary majorities.
141 Locomotion pattern analysis using digital video labeling by machine learning

The assessment of lameness has long relied on the expertise of a human observer. Innovations in technology have provided new options to objectively detect lameness, but most systems involve equipment attached to the horse, potentially causing changes in their normal locomotion patterns. One such tool, the Lameness Locator, analyzes motion data recorded by accelerometers mounted to the horse with bandages, stickers or hats. Tactile sensors in horse skin across the body can detect pressures as small as 0.008g, which is comparable to the sensitivity of a human fingertip. Thus, the weight and instability of even very small accelerometers may cause variation in the way horses move when being tested for lameness. In this study, we used a software package to digitally label videos of individual horses with and without the Lameness Locator applied. Unlike current methods of detection, this software can be used in the natural environment without attaching equipment to the animal. Thus, we hypothesize that the digital video analysis approach will objectively identify shifts in locomotion patterns due to the pressure from the Lameness Locator device. All horses were video recorded at 120fps and a resolution of 1280 × 720p on a standard path while handled in halter at the walk, trot and canter for both the left and right-side views. The DeepLabCut software package was used to extract coordinates for 23 skeletal landmarks as they proceed across the frame. Quantitative gait parameters such as stride length, stance time, and vertical travel of the withers were derived from the landmark tracking data by a robust data processing pipeline. The pipeline comprises a series of operations, including outlier removal due to occlusion, trajectory smoothing, model-fitting-based phase identification, and gait parameters calculation. In this preliminary analysis we considered the stride length, stance time, and the range of travel for the poll, withers and croup at the trot; key metrics traditionally used to assess lameness. Comparing these gait variables within each horse, we found that the right-to-left normalized stride length, stance time, and normalized withers range were all significantly different for each horse between the unencumbered and Lameness Locator equipped trot passes (P
Distance-$k$ locating-dominating sets in graphs.

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V$, and let $k$ be a positive integer. A set $D \subseteq V$ is a \emph{distance-$k$ dominating set} of $G$ if, for each vertex $u \in V-D$, there exists a vertex $w\in D$ such that $d(u,w) \le k$, where $d(u,w)$ is the length of a shortest path between the vertices in $G$. Let $d_k(x, y)=\min\{d(x,y), k+1\}$. A set $R\subseteq V$ is a \emph{distance-$k$ resolving set} of $G$ if, for any pair of distinct $x,y\in V$, there exists a vertex $z\in R$ such that $d_k(x,z) \neq d_k(y,z)$. The \emph{distance-$k$ domination number} $\gamma_k(G)$ (\emph{distance-$k$ dimension} $\dim_k(G)$, respectively) of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of all distance-$k$ dominating sets (distance-$k$ resolving sets, respectively) of $G$. The \emph{distance-$k$ location-domination number}, $\gamma_L^k(G)$, of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of all sets $S\subseteq V$ such that $S$ is both a distance-$k$ dominating set and a distance-$k$ resolving set of $G$. Note that $\gamma_L^1(G)$ is the well-known location-domination number introduced by Slater in 1988. For any connected graph $G$ of order $n\ge 2$, we obtain the following sharp bounds: (1) $\gamma_k(G) \le \dim_k(G)+1$; (2) $2\le\gamma_k(G)+\dim_k(G) \le n$; (3) $1\le \max\{\gamma_k(G), \dim_k(G)\} \le \gamma_L^k(G) \le \min\{\dim_k(G)+1, n-1\}$. We characterize $G$ for which $\gamma_L^k(G)\in\{1, |V|-1\}$. We observe that $\frac{\dim_k(G)}{\gamma_k(G)}$ can be arbitrarily large. Moreover, for any tree $T$ of order $n\ge 2$, we show that $\gamma_L^k(T)\le n-ex(T)$, where $ex(T)$ denotes the number of exterior major vertices of $T$, and we characterize trees $T$ achieving equality. We also examine the effect of edge deletion on the distance-$k$ location-domination number of graphs.
Can Older Adult Emergency Department Patients Successfully Use the Apple Watch to Monitor Health

Objective To determine usability of the Apple Watch in older adult emergency department (ED) patients after a fall. Methods We recruited older adults who fell and visited two urban EDs. They participated in an Apple Watch orientation and interviews on their experiences using the watch to complete varied tasks for 30 days. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using framework analyses. Results Eight participants (mean age 77.6 years) enrolled from November 2019 to March 2020. Participants reported being able to apply and charge the watch but struggled with navigating screens, monitoring charging status, and responding with de novo text messages. Many cited difficulties with advanced tasks, such as the study's app-based movement and memory activities. Experience with smartphones and caregiver assistance enhanced users' ability to complete tasks. Conclusions Older adults successfully performed basic Apple Watch functions. Family and community members may be necessary to assist with complex tasks.
Measuring Success in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Processes

How do we measure the success of post-conflict peacebuilding processes in Nigeria’s oil region? This chapter presents a transformational model that can be useful for measuring success in post-conflict peacebuilding processes. The model is derived from the analysis of DDR strategies employed by peacebuilders to transform Nigeria’s oil insurgency. The empirical evidence shows that transformation occurs when there is significant change in a post-conflict society at four levels: cultural, intrapersonal, structural, and interpersonal. The success of post-conflict peacebuilding is measured against the identifiable changes in the lives of ex-insurgents and their communities that are perceived as instrumental in fostering peace and stability in the oil region. This chapter therefore underscores the effectiveness of DDR as a tool for conflict transformation in Nigeria’s oil region.
Feedback in Interior Design Studio and Students’ Creativity

Abstract Feedback plays a critical role in nurturing creativity. However, according to current interior design education literature, feedback either enhances or impedes students’ creativity depending on how feedback is given. This study explores effective feedback practices that enhance students’ creativity via a case study-mixed methods approach. Data were collected from 30 students in a five-week interior design studio course at a midwestern university. The students were assigned a light fixture design project. Two independent judges rated the students’ projects for creativity using the Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS). Pre-and post-surveys showed that students had positive and substantial perceptions of feedback. Paired t-tests of CPSS ratings detected significant increases in Novelty. Follow-up interviews with students of high creativity revealed that effective feedback practices (a) were abundant in quantity, (b) came at the right timing, and (c) met students’ expectations.
You Can’t Move All Your Hotels to Mexico: Unions and the Hospitality Industry

Excerpt] For many years, most hotel workers were not a particular focus of the labor movement. Traditionally, hotel employees were not highly paid, often worked for tips, and did not stay in bargaining-unit positions for the duration of their careers. Since union dues are composed of a percentage of employee base pay (excluding tips) and because union members who benefit the most are those who stay at the same job for long periods of time, a hotel was not the model employer on which the union movement would theoretically wish to concentrate its efforts. If you worked in the hospitality industry, this made your life easier, because instead of organizing hotel or restaurant employees, the union movement focused on "heavy labor," the skilled and semiskilled employees of America's factories. This has changed.
Amounts of fluoride in self-administered dental products: safety considerations for children.

With the increased use of various fluoride preparations for caries prevention, all dental personnel should know their potential toxicity and the margins of safety associated with their use. An understanding of the body9s mechanisms for handling fluoride provides a rational basis for assessing the possible risks of excessive fluoride ingestion. Five to 10 g of sodium fluoride is considered a certainly lethal dose for a 70-kg adult. One quarter of the certainly lethal dose can be ingested without producing serious acute toxicity and is known as the safely tolerated dose. Comparisons of certainly lethal and safely tolerated doses for commonly used fluoride agents and procedures show that they can be applied with little or no risk of adverse acute effects, as long as they are used judiciously. If their use is abused, there is a risk of illness or even death. If amounts of fluoride close to the certainly lethal dose are ingested, the speed of initiating proper treatment is critical for survival. Vomiting should be induced, if it is not spontaneous; fluoride-binding liquids, such as milk or liquid or gel antacids, administered; and the patient taken to the nearest hospital for emergency care. Frequent ingestion of low but excessive quantities of fluoride during the period of tooth formation can lead to dental fluorosis. Particular concern is warranted for the ingestion of fluoride-containing toothpastes by young children and the inappropriate use of dietary fluoride supplements in communities with sufficient fluoride already present in drinking water. Parents should brush the teeth of preschool children or, at the very least, dispense only small amounts of toothpaste for them (a pea-sized portion). Dentists and physicians should know the fluoride concentration of a patient9s water supply before prescribing fluoride supplements. Fluoride preparations should be dispensed in appropriate quantities; labeled with suitable cautionary statements; packaged, when appropriate, with child-proof closures or in tear-proof materials; and stored in safe locations. Practitioners should use only Food and Drug Administration or American Dental Association approved products, use recommended methods for their delivery, know their toxicity, and be familiar with emergency measures for treating accidental overdosages. The risk of adverse effects is small when fluorides are used judiciously.
Software design synthesis for strategic computing

The design process for large military systems is an extremely complex undertaking. The size of these systems, coupled with the high cost of making mistakes in their design makes their implementation a matter of national concern. Since these systems are typically controlled by computers, the ability of software technology to support these complex developments has repeatedly come into question. One particular class, Strategic Defense Systems, has been predominantly in the spotlight these past few years.The “Software for Strategic Systems Conference” was held on May 14, 15, 1987 in Huntsville, Alabama. The conference had over 250 in attendance and addressed in a positive vein issues relating to developing software for these complex strategic systems. Specific issues that were addressed at the conference regarding the development of software for strategic systems included: The potential for Artificial Intelligence in strategic systemsThe promise that software development technology has for Strategic ApplicationsThe potential for the national software initiatives to transfer technology applicable to strategic defenseSpecific software development needs for the Strategic Defense InitiativeTesting and Testbeds for strategic defenseEach of these issues was addressed in depth with views of the speakers reflecting widely differing opinions. These areas will be addressed in this panel session. Each of the panelists were involved and participated in the conference. The following pages reflect the positions of the individual panelists.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

The clinical application of contrast-enhanced two-dimensional echocardiography was initially introduced in 1968 and demonstrated significant improvement in visualization compared to non-contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Its use has expanded to multiple vascular territories including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, carotid artery, lower extremity arteries, and venous circulation. Current contrast agents consist of stabilized gas-filled microbubbles (1–7 μm in diameter) that offer adequate safety profiles and improved efficacy. Microbubbles do not diffuse out of the circulation and thus behave as blood pool marker, are able to pass through the capillary pulmonary bed, and are stable enough to achieve enhancement for the duration of the examination. Though detectable with Doppler systems, special multipulse insonating sequences have been developed that selectively display their presence, whether in large vessels or in the microvasculature; this latter vascular beds can now be interrogated for the first time with ultrasound. The effect of microbubbles depends on the fact that gases are compressible, whereas tissue is relatively incompressible. The current chapter focuses on the biology, clinical applications, and future advancements in contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Developments in material engineering and biotechnology will continue to improve the current standards and expectations; a better understanding of the dynamic flow of microvascular beds and focused delivery of biological compounds should enhance end-organ imaging and therapeutic strategies.
k-SAT Is No Harder Than Decision-Unique-k-SAT

We resolve an open question by [3]: the exponential complexity of deciding whether a k -CNF has a solution is the same as that of deciding whether it has exactly one solution, both when it is promised and when it is not promised that the input formula has a solution. We also show that this has the same exponential complexity as deciding whether a given variable is backbone (i.e. forced to a particular value), given the promise that there is a solution. We show similar results for True Quantified Boolean Formulas in k -CNF, k -Hitting Set (and therefore Vertex Cover), k -Hypergraph Independent Set (and therefore Independent Set), Max-k -SAT, Min-k -SAT, and 0-1 Integer Programming with inequalities and k -wide constraints.
The effects of gamma radiation on groundwater chemistry and glass reaction in a saturated tuff environment

The Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations project has completed a series of experiments that provide insight into groundwater chemistry and glass waste form performance in the presence of a gamma radiation field at 90{sup 0}C. Results from experiments done at 1 x 10{sup 3} and O R/hr are presented and compared to similar experiments done at 2 x 10{sup 5} and 1 x 10{sup 4} R/hr. The major effect of radiation is to lower the groundwater pH to a value near 6.4. The addition of glass to the system results in slightly more basic final pH, both in the presence and absence of radiation. However, there is essentially no difference in the extent of glass reaction, as measured by elemental release, as a function of dose rate or total dose, for reaction periods up to 278 days.
Entropy and Information Transmission in Causation and Retrocausation

Although experimental evidence for retrocausation exists, there are clearly subtleties to the phenomenon. The bilking paradox, in which one intervenes to eliminate a subsequent cause after a preceding effect has occurred, appears on the surface to show that retrocausation is logically impossible. In a previous paper, the second law of thermodynamics was invoked to show that the entropy in each process of a psi interaction (presentience, telepathy, remote perception, and psychokinesis) cannot decrease, prohibiting psi processes in which signals condense from background fluctuations. Here it is shown, perhaps contrary to one’s intuition, that reversible processes cannot be influenced through retrocausation, but irreversible processes can. The increase in thermodynamic entropy in irreversible processes — which are generally described by Newtonian mechanics but not Lagrangian dynamics and Hamilton’s Principle — is required for causation. Thermodynamically reversible processes cannot be causal and hence also c...
Touching: robots and end effectors

Describes several special application robotic systems developed by Southwest Research Institute over the last ten years which use sensors of various types to interact with a workpiece. The touch sensing and control techniques are representative of relatively simple approaches for obtaining tactile information from an end effector for robot and end effector control. Included with each description are notes regarding "lessons learned" during the development, deployment, and use of each of these robotic systems. >
EXAFS Studies of Bimetallic Ag-Pt and Ag-Pd Nanorods

Nanoparticles of Ag-Pt and Ag-Pd with high aspect ratios were synthesized using a radiolysis method. Gamma rays at dose rates below 0.5 kGy/h were used for irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical absorption spectroscopy and x-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Bright field micrographs show that Ag-Pt nanowires are composed of large particles with diameters ranging from 20–30 nm and joined by filaments of diameter between 2–5 nm. The Ag-Pd nanowires have diameters of 20–25 nm and lengths of 1.5 μm. For XAFS measurements, the Pt L3 edge (11.564 keV), Ag K-edge (25.514 keV) and Pd K-edge (24.350 keV) were excited to determine the local structure around the respective atoms in the cluster. The Ag-Pt particles were found to possess a distinct core-shell structure with Pt in the core surrounded by Ag shell, with no indication of alloy formation. However, nanorods of Ag-Pd have formed an alloy for all the alloy compositions.
Abstract 5159: Kruppel-like factor 9 modulates the growth and differentiation of glioblastoma-derived neoplastic stem cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent brain tumor with high frequency of recurrence. During the past decade, the identification of neoplastic stem-like cells in diverse human cancers including GBM represents an important conceptual advance in cancer biology and suggests new therapeutic strategies. We found that retinoic acid (RA) induces growth arrest and cell differentiation of GBM-derived stem-like cells (GBM-SCs). RA treatment also inhibited the growth of GBM-SC xenografts in mice. We studied gene expression changes during RA-induced GBM-SC differentiation and found that kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) expression increased 8-fold after RA treatment. KLF proteins are evolutionarily conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factors that bind to GC-rich DNA regions. KLF9 is known to function as a progesterone receptor cofactor to regulate progesterone-responsive genes but its function in cancer and stem cell biology is essentially unknown. We used lentivirus-based methods to modulate KLF9 expression in GBM-SCs. KLF9 gain-of-function induced GBM-SC differentiation and inhibited GBM-derived neurosphere formation in clonogenic and neurosphere cell growth assays. KLF9 gain-of-function also prevented the growth of GBM-SC subcutaneous xenografts in mice. Knockdown of KLF9 suppressed RA-induced differentiation of GBM-SCs. These data indicate that KLF9 and possibly other KLF family members modulate transcriptional mechanisms that regulate GBM-SC growth, differentiation, and possibly tumor initiation. Currently, we are utilizing gene expression microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to study the KLF9 target genes. Our findings provide new insights pertaining to the molecular regulation of the GBM-SC phenotype and could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for targeting the stem-like cell pool in malignant brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5159.
Ventilated Flow Between Corotating Disks With Large Obstructions in a Fixed Cylindrical Enclosure (Data Bank Contribution)

Time-resolved laser-Doppler velocimeter measurements of the circumferential velocity component were obtained for the flow between the center pair of four disks of common radius R2 corotating at angular velocity Ω in a fixed, cylindrical enclosure. Mean and rms profiles of this velocity component were obtained for two disk rotation speeds (300 and 3600 rpm), two relatively thick tapered obstructions (long and short) placed radially inward midway between each pair of disks, and three ventilation conditions (unventilated, blowing, and sucking) resulting from an imposed inter-disk radial throughflow. The profiles were determined at four circumferential locations downstream of the respective obstructions; radially along the midplane, and axially at selected radial locations. The profiles for the unventilated flow case show that the circumferential component of motion signficantly accelerates near the hub, in the region between the tip of the obstruction and the rotating hub. Elsewhere, this component of motion is significantly decelerated. The presence of ventilation, whether directed radially outward or inward, significantly affects the flow field only in the region immediately around the hub, and far downstream of the obstruction where it increases both the mean and rms velocities. Analysis of the time records suggests that the observed increases in the rms values are due to the circumferentially periodic nature of the radial ventilation condition. These observations are, for the most part, independent of the disk speed of rotation and the length of the obstructions. A comparison of present unventilated flow results with the corresponding results of Usry et al. (1993), who used much thinner obstructions, reveals the extent to which increasing the obstruction blockage ratio induces larger levels of flow unsteadiness.
International Programs: Advancing Human Rights and Social Justice for African American Students.

The social work profession has a long standing commitment to human rights and social justice, bridging the divide between national and international interests. There is a call for social workers to understand the global community that awaits our service. Yet international experiences are not within the grasp of nor embraced by all. Students of color are underrepresented participants in the growing trends of internationalization. Through addressing participation barriers, this article uses a case study approach that emphasizes how a social work program at Howard University designed a mission-guided international service learning model that resulted in increased participation for students of color through multiple strategies, while giving primacy to human rights and social justice.
Suspended material in Narragansett Bay: fatty acid and hydrocarbon composition

Abstract Suspended material collected at various stations in Narragansett Bay was analyzed for fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The qualitative and quantitative distributions of these compounds indicated that the influence of sewage and other pollutants was greatest in the river areas. Based on concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the highest densities of phytoplankton were interpreted to occur at the mid and lower Bay stations, and the percentage of phytoplankton in suspended material was estimated from the concentration of heneicosahexaene. The concentrations of fatty acids and hydrocarbons in the suspended material decreased from the river stations to the mid and lower Bay stations, closely following a similar trend observed in the sediment. Possible sources of the suspended material and the influence of these sources on this material in various areas of the Bay are discussed, and attempts are made to interrelate the suspended material, resuspended sediment, phytoplankton, and sewage effluent with chemical and biochemical diagenetic changes.