cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A patient survey of denture tolerance before and after a mandibular vestibuloplasty with skin grafting.

Thirty-six patients who had complained of denture looseness, poor masticatory function, and pain were surveyed after they had undergone a mandibular vestibuloplasty with skin grafting to determine whether they were better able to tolerate the dentures after the surgical procedure. A mandibular vestibuloplasty with skin grafting improved denture fit and masticatory function and reduced pain in 36 patients surveyed after they had undergone the surgical procedure. Thirty-six patients were examined by two prosthodontists after a mandibular vestibuloplasty with skin grafting to determine whether there was a significant improvement in these patients’ ability to tolerate their dentures. Previous published reports have been made only by oral surgeons. The results indicate that this procedure is a reliable treatment modality for patients who complain of looseness, poor masticatory function, and pain.
A simple method to measure lipase activity in wheat and wheat bran as an estimation of storage quality

The purpose of this research was to develop a simple method for measuring lipase activity as an indicator of wheat and wheat bran storage quality. This simplified method does not require the separation or purification of lipase. Optimal conditions for lipase activity measurements were determined by varying the substrate (olive oil) and water concentrations, temperature, and incubation time. Following incubation, FFA were quantified spectrophtometrically using a copper soap assay, and lipase activity was expressed as units/gram (U/g), where 1 U was defined as the microequivalents of oleic acid liberated per hour. The method was tested on one commercial and four pure wheat cultivars. The lipase activity was also correlated with the development of FFA during actual storage of heat-treated commercial bran. Lipase activity in wheat bran ranged from 2.17 to 9.42 U/g, and in whole kernel wheat from 1.05 to 3.54 U/g. Optimal olive oil and water concentrations were 0.4 to 0.8 mL and 0.15 to 0.20 mL per g of defatted sample, respectively. Optimal incubation temperature was 40°C, and incubation times of up to 8 h were linear. Lipase activity was highly correlated with the buildup of FFA in stored wheat bran (R2=0.97).
SUPEROXIDE GENERATION IN V-HA-RAS-TRANSDUCED HUMAN KERATINOCYTE HACAT CELLS

The oncogenic ras protein controls signal-transduction pathways that are critical for cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that v-Ha-ras‐transduced human keratinocyte HaCaT cells produced significantly larger amounts of superoxide than did control cell lines. The superoxide generation was mediated by the transduced ras protein, because superoxide generation was modified by an inhibitor, lovastatin, that inhibits ras farnesylation during ras protein maturation. Superoxide generation was also inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of flavoproteins, including NADPH oxidase, but not by rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain of the mitochondria. Those observations suggested that a phagocytic-like NADPH oxidase exists in keratinocytes that could be activated by the dominant activated v-Ha-ras and produce superoxide. Overexpression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase and copper and zinc‐containing superoxide dismutase cDNA via adenovirus infection also attenuated superoxide generation. Previous work has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) can lower superoxide generation; this is the first report that intracellular SOD could also modify the amount of superoxide production from the cells. This report implies that superoxide radical may act as a second messenger molecule of oncogenic ras. Mol. Carcinog. 26:180‐188, 1999. fl 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Target zones and forward rates in a model with repeated realignments

Abstract This paper studies the term structure of forward premia in a target zone with imperfect credibility. The relationship between spot and forward exchange rates, which reflects the possibility of realignments of the band, is studied for various intervention policies with different degrees of credibility. Forward market data is used to estimate the implied credibility of the French/German target zone during the EMS. Parameter estimates accord with the experience of the FF/DM exchange rate during the 1980s. Although spot exchange rates display little sensitivity to anticipated intervention, forward data can be used to detect the effects of intervention on exchange rate dynamics.
Identifying the nature of impairment in planning ability with normal aging

Planning ability, a subset of executive functioning, has been shown to decline with normal aging. However, the exact nature of this decline has yet to be adequately examined. In this study, 50 younger adults and 50 older adults completed a map task designed to tease apart the formulation and execution stages of planning. Participants were tasked with reading a map layout of a university apartment and planning an efficient route to complete several tasks. There were two conditions, aid and no-aid. During the formulation stage, participants wrote out their plan for later task completion. In the execution stage, half of the participants were instructed to utilize their written aid during task completion while the other half completed tasks without the use of their aid. Older adults performed more poorly than younger adults during both the formulation and execution stages on measures of accuracy and efficiency. There was no effect of using the aid during execution. Thus, using an open-ended planning task involving real-world stimuli, we found age-related deficits in planning ability associated with both the formulation and execution components, and not exclusively with formulation. We also found that both groups successfully updated and adjusted their formulated plans during execution.
A liquid ion-exchanger alternative to KCl for filling intracellular reference microelectrodes

We have developed a filling solution for silanised microelectrodes consisting of potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate in octanol. Microelectrodes filled with this reference liquid ion-exchanger (RLIE) have equal selectivities to Na and K, and give the same membrane potential as do KCl-filled microelectrodes. The RLIE microelectrodes are more stable, less damaging to the cell membrane and do not leak Cl− ions. Their high resistance, however, makes them unsuitable for recording rapid potential changes or for passing current.
Using Earned Value Methods to Substantiate Change-of-Scope Claims

AbstractEarned value is a project management tool that provides significant managerial benefits by identifying project deliverables, tying these outputs to specific group or individual responsibility, and tracking performance over time. A less obvious benefit of earned value is that it can provide the justification for claims related to cost adjustments and scope changes. Most important, if the claim cannot be resolved and legal remedies are pursued, earned value methods are consistent with key legal standards for substantiating cost claims. This article presents a case study of the cost system that was used by a contractor who eventually initiated legal claims against the government for alleged scope changes and related cost increases. It demonstrates the relationship between the legal requirements for cost claims and the capabilities of earned value methods. Finally, it contrasts the deficiencies of the methods used by the contractor with good practice in cost estimation and the earned value method.
Adherence to Antihyperlipidemic Medication and Lipid Control in Diabetic Veterans Affairs Patients with Psychotic Disorders

Background Medication adherence for chronic medical illnesses has been studied extensively, but there is limited data evaluating medication adherence for comorbid medical illnesses in a psychiatric population. Furthermore, only one study has evaluated both medication adherence and clinical outcomes between the two populations. Examining medication adherence rates and clinical outcomes are important as chronic medical illnesses occur commonly in psychiatric patients, can be drug-induced, and have negative long-term consequences. Objectives To compare antihyperlipidemic medication adherence and lipid control between individuals with psychotic disorders and those without a psychiatric illness. Methods This was a retrospective medical record review of 124 subjects with hyperlipidemia and diabetes (62 subjects with schizophrenia or a related psychotic disorder and 62 randomly selected, age-matched individuals without a psychiatric illness) receiving medical and psychiatric care through the Veterans Affairs Medical Center during 2008. Cumulative mean gap ratio (CMGR) was used to determine adherence. Lipid values were utilized to compare lipid control between groups. Results A significant difference in CMGR was detected. Subjects with psychotic disorders were without antihyperlipidemic therapy for 44 days compared with 62 days for the nonpsychiatric comparison group (P = 0.034). Antipsychotic adherent subjects (≥80% adherent) were more likely to adhere to their antihyperlipidemic medication (P = 0.0007). There were no significant differences between the groups for lipid control. Conclusion Antihyperlipidemic medication adherence differed with the psychotic disorder group having fewer days without drug therapy. However, there was no significant difference in lipid control between subjects with a psychotic disorder and those without a psychiatric illness.
XLIX. On that power of the eye, by which it is adjusted to see objects distinctly at different distances

(1808). XLIX. On that power of the eye, by which it is adjusted to see objects distinctly at different distances. The Philosophical Magazine: Vol. 29, No. 116, pp. 340-344.
Can positive thinking help? Positive automatic thoughts as moderators of the stress-meaning relationship

The purpose of this study was to test whether positive automatic cognitions moderated the relationship between event stressfulness and meaning in life. Measures of these constructs were administered to 232 students and community-dwelling adults. Supporting hypotheses and the literature, positive automatic cognitions moderated the relationship between event stressfulness and meaning in life. For persons with high levels of positive thinking, greater event stressfulness was associated with higher meaning in life. For persons with low levels of positive thinking, greater event stressfulness was associated with lower meaning in life. These results were obtained when controlling for positive affect, as well as the positive affect × event stressfulness interaction. The positive cognitions × event stressfulness interaction accounted for 2.9% of variance, and the overall model accounted for 47% of the variance in meaning in life.
An efficient technique for analyzing deep level transient spectroscopy data

A novel Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) method is introduced. The technique uses two data points taken from a DLTS capacitive transient to make a direct calcu-lation for the emission rate. The method is valid for all points of a thermal scan, as opposed to Lang’s original DLTS, which can only calculate the emission rate at the DLTS peaks. A complete Arrhenius plot can be constructed using one to four temper-ature scans. The method is additionally applied to simulated noise. Electron traps in Silicon are investigated with the new technique, using laboratory data. A comparison is made between this new method, the original DLTS of Lang, and recent developments made by other authors.
Altered serotonin immunoreactivities in the left colon of patients with colonic inertia

Background Serotonin is an important positive regulator of colonic motility and transit. Its quantity and distribution in the left colon could be abnormal in patients with colonic inertia (CI) and contribute to the disease. Aim To evaluate serotonin positive cells and immuno-reactivities in the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria of the left colon from patients with CI was compared to a control group. Patients and methods Nineteen patients who underwent subtotal colecotomy for CI were assessed. The control group consisted of 15 patients who underwent left hemicolectomy for colonic cancer; histologically normal tissue specimens were used. Immunohistochemical staining for serotonin was performed. In the mucosa, the average number of serotonin positive cells per microscopic field (200 × ) was determined. The positively stained area (square pixels) in the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria per microscopic field (200 × ) was calculated utilizing a computer image analysis program. Results In the mucosa, both the number of serotonin positive cells and positively stained area were significantly higher in the patient group than in controls (P < 0.05). The difference in serotonin positive area in the submucosa in the CI group compared to the control group was not statistically significant. There was a very significant correlation between the serotonin positive area in the submucosa and muscularis propria in controls (r=0.65, p < 0.01), but not in patients with CI. Conclusion The increased serotonin level in patients with CI may contribute to the disease or be an adaptive response to some other pathology. The lack of a positive correlation in serotonin levels between the submucosa and muscularis propria in CI patients suggests that the coordinated distribution of serotonin may be disrupted in CI.
Short-acting peribulbar anesthesia with 2-chloroprocaine.

A 64-year-old monocular man had uneventful penetrating keratoplasty in his seeing eye for aphakic bullous keratopathy and counting fingers visual acuity. One year later, standard slitlamp suture removal under topical anesthesia was not possible because of sensory nystagmus. In addition, the patient could not have general anesthesia as a consequence of severe coronary artery disease. He requested that the procedure be done with a short-acting local anesthetic agent so a patch would not be necessary. He successfully had the procedure using a peribulbar injection of 2-chloroprocaine (Nesacaine®-MPF); vision and ocular motility returned 15 minutes after the surgery was completed. At subsequent examinations, the visual acuity was 20/200 and the graft was clear despite a congenital macular scar.
Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a community setting, N=762

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) can be introduced into a community with morbidity and mortality rates equal to that of open cholecystectomy. The entire general surgical community of Greensboro, NC, learned the technique of LC on animal models prior to offering this innovation to the community. Over the ensuing 12 months, they served as surgeons or assistant surgeons to each other on 762 LCs with morbidity and mortality rates comparable to open cholecystectomy.
Methodologies for Evaluation of Effective Slab Width

A composite section is made up of a steel girder and concrete slab connected by shear connectors. The shear lag phenomenon usually takes place in such a section and results in underestimation of stresses and strains at the web-to-flange intersections of the girder. With the introduction of the concept of effective slab width, the actual width can be replaced by an appropriate reduced slab width. The classical effective slab width definition does not take into account the strain variation through the slab thickness. More sophisticated definitions are introduced and used with finite element analyses. The method of finite element modeling is discussed, and the model is successfully verified with experimental results. Parametric study is conducted to investigate the effective slab width for both positive and negative moment sections. The effective slab width is computed and compared with the current AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications. The results demonstrate that full width can be used as the effective slab width in the design and analysis in most cases for the design and analysis of both positive and negative moment sections. The current AASHTO LRFD specifications are found to be conservative for configurations with widely spaced girders, especially in negative moment sections.
A bipolar multifactor conception of mood states

Abstract A multifactor conception of bipolar mood states was tested and compared with two alternative models. A sample of 148 undergraduate students was administered a 60-adjective inventory designed to measure six mood states, each defined by ten adjectives. A measure of acquiescence was partialled out of the adjective intercorrelations, which were analyzed by the method of principal components and rotated for an oblique solution. Of the five factors isolated, four were bipolar. A two-factor orthogonal affect structure was also obtained. The two affect dimensions closely resembled Russell's circumplex axes; they were bipolar. Supporting evidence for a bipolar conception of mood states was thus found.
The Image of High-School Teachers: Self and Other, Real and Ideal (Should Teachers be Seen and Not Heard?)

ALTHOUGH a person's self-concept cannot be observed directly, it is possible to obtain subjec tive self-evaluations which can be scored objec tively. Of course, self-ratings may frequently be influenced by the individual's moral and social val ues, and the resultant portrait be in error. One way to correct for such errors is to have others evaluate the individual under consideration, and then compare the self and other images. Although one should never accept uncritically the evalua tions of other people, it is generally true that those who are perceiving themselves quite differently from the way other people perceive them have an inaccurate self-image. Such inaccuracy in self evaluation may lead to a good deal of dissonance in interpersonal and social relationships. As Cole man (3) writes, "A realistic assessment of one's assets and liabilities, achievements and failures, limitations and potentialities, seems essential both for effective functioning on a day to day basis, and for fullest development of self."
Gestational environment programs adult depression-like behavior through methylation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide gene

Early life exposure to specific environmental factors can increase risk for developing psychopathology including major depression in adulthood. However, the molecular pathways and epigenetic mechanisms that mediate the effects of early environments on adult mood remain poorly understood. We examined the effects of different gestational and rearing conditions on adult anxiety- and depression-like behavior using a combined reciprocal outcrossing and cross-fostering design in Balb/cJ (cJ) and C57BL/6J (B6) mouse strains. First filial (F1) hybrid offspring, which were gestated by B6 or cJ dams and then reared by either strain, were evaluated for behavior and whole-genome hippocampal gene expression during adulthood. Adult hybrid mice gestated by B6 dams showed increased depression-like behavior in the forced swim and sucrose preference tests, increased hippocampal expression of alpha calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) transcripts, and decreased methylation of the αCGRP promoter compared with those gestated by cJ dams. Differential expression of αCGRP in adulthood did not result from genomic imprinting, and differences between B6 and cJ mitochondrial DNA were not responsible for behavioral phenotypes observed. Finally, central administration of αCGRP to adult hybrid mice increased depression-like behavior, whereas the CGRP1 receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 reduced depression-like behavior in the forced swim test. Our findings suggest that gestational factors influence adult depression-like behavior through methylation of the αCGRP gene.
Promoting Physical Activity in Minority Populations

This review discusses evidence-based perspectives on promoting physical activity in minority populations. Future directions for inquiry and empirically driven public policy initiatives also are addressed.
A spray drying system for synthesis of rare-earth doped cerium oxide nanoparticles

Abstract We have constructed a spray dryer to synthesize doped ceria nanoparticles. The system was employed to synthesize mixed oxide nanoparticles of praseodymium doped CeO 2 (Ce 0.97 Pr 0.03 O 2 , Ce 0.90 Pr 0.10 O 2 , and Ce 0.80 Pr 0.20 O 2 ). X-ray diffraction confirmed the fluorite-like cubic crystal structure of the synthesized materials after heat treatment at 700 °C for 2 h. As-dried CeO 2 samples were found to have an average particle size of (6.0 ± 0.2) nm which increased to (17.0 ± 0.4) nm after heat treatment with an improvement in crystallinity. The particle size increased steadily with Pr content. The lattice parameter of Pr-doped CeO 2 was found to increase or decrease with Pr content depending on the heat treatment process.
Small Business Retirement Plan Participation and Needs for Information: Evidence from a Survey in Vermont

A survey of Vermont small businesses with less than 20 employees was conducted to examine their retirement plan participation and needs for information. Results from 828 small business owners indic...
The outcome of a coactor’s prediction as a determinant of choice reaction time

Two coactors performed simultaneously in a two-choice reaction time paradigm; one individual was the subject while the other was a confederate of the experimenter. Prior to each presentation of the symbol ⊔ or ⊓, the subject and the confederate verbally predicted which stimulus they expected, and after each presentation, the subject and the confederate identified the stimulus by pulling their own left or right reaction trigger. Following the more probable stimulus, the subject reacted faster when the confederate’s prediction was correct. Contrary to a hypothesis from expectancy theory, the subject reacted markedly faster to the less probable stimulus than the more probable alternative when the prediction outcome was correct for the subject but incorrect for the confederate.
Using electronic discussion boards to teach responsible conduct of research.

This study presents the results of a survey of student satisfaction with electronic discussion boards in a course on the responsible conduct of research (RCR). On a 1–5 scale, the respondents stated that the use of the electronic discussion board was an effective teaching tool (4.71), that it enabled them to get feedback from their peers (4.43), that it helped promote discussion and debate (4.36), that it helped them learn how to analyze ethical dilemmas in research (4.36), and that they would consider using an electronic discussion board, if they ever taught a course themselves (4.76). In their written comments, the respondents indicated that electronic discussion boards are a convenient way of promoting debate and in-depth discussion. These results suggest, but do not prove, that discussion boards can promote debate and discussion in courses on research ethics. Instructors who teach RCR should consider using electronic discussion boards in regular or online courses, and they should consider studying the effectiveness of electronic discussion boards in research ethics education. Although electronic discussion boards cannot replace the face-to-face interaction that occurs in a classroom setting, they may provide a useful medium for the exchange of ideas and opinions online.
The Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Optical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Semiempirical Model

Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) infrared emission features represent an important and unique diagnostic tool of the chemical and physical conditions throughout the universe. However, one challenge facing the widely accepted PAH emission model has been the detection of infrared features in regions of low UV flux. Using recently published laboratory near-infrared (NIR) PAH ion absorption data measured in our laboratory, we build on previous models for PAH ion absorption in the UV-visible to extrapolate a new model that incorporates PAH ion absorption in the NIR. This model provides a basis for comparing the relative energy absorption of PAH ions in the UV-visible and NIR regions for a wide variety of stellar types. This model demonstrates that the radiation from late-type stars can pump the mid-IR PAH features.
Gender and Age Differences in the Topics of Parent-Adolescent Conflict:

As part of an examination of topics of parent-adolescent conflict, 139 biological mother-father-adolescent triads reported the three most common topics of conflict in their relationships. Using 2 a...
Measurement System Analysis: The Usual Metrics Can Be Noninformative

It is important to be able to demonstrate that a measurement process is adequate for the application. Measurement system analysis is a methodology for doing this. The approach is to separate the total variation of a set of measurements into components. The variation among devices being tested is separated from the measurement error. The total measurement error is often separated into several components. Two basic types of metrics utilize the variance component estimates to conclude whether the measurement process is adequate or not. One type of metric compares the measurement error to the variation among tested devices or, equivalently, to the total variation. The other compares the measurement error to the width of the test limits or the product specifications. This paper describes a situation that is becoming increasingly common in testing consumer electronic devices. The situation, called “alignment,” is not actually a “test” in the usual sense, and presents a challenge in using the standard metrics to...
Stimulation of ion transport by phosphoglycerides

Phosphoglyceride extracts of beef heart mitochondria stimulated the transport of cations and “permeable” anions across a membrane barrier of chloroform in a U-tube. Neutral lipids fractionated from total lipid extracts of heart mitochondria were essentially void of transport activity. Remarkable differences were noted between the capacity of the various phospholipids to support transport of ions in the U-tube system.
Evidence That Transmembrane Segment 2 of the Lactose Permease Is Part of a Conformationally Sensitive Interface between the Two Halves of the Protein

A conserved motif, GXXX(D/E)(R/K)XG(R/K)(R/K), is found in a large group of evolutionarily related membrane proteins involved in the transport of small molecules across the membrane. This motif is located within the cytoplasmic side of transmembrane domain 2 (TM-2) and extends through the hydrophilic loop that connects transmembrane domains 2 and 3. The motif is repeated again in the second half of the protein. In a previous study concerning the loop 2/3 motif (Jessen-Marshall, A. E., Paul, N. J., and Brooker, R. J.(1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 16251-16257), it was shown that the conserved aspartate at the fifth position in the motif is critical for transport activity since a variety of site-directed mutations were found to greatly diminish the rate of transport. In the current study, two of these mutations, in which the conserved aspartate was changed to threonine or serine, were used as parental strains to isolate second site suppressor mutations that restore transport function. A total of 10 different second site mutations were identified among a screen of 19 independent mutants. One of the suppressors was found within loop 1/2 in which Thr-45 was changed to arginine. Since the conserved aspartate and position 45 are at opposite ends of TM-2, these results suggest that the role of the conserved aspartate residue in loop 2/3 is to influence the topology of TM-2. Surprisingly, the majority of suppressor mutations were found in the second half of the permease. All of these are expected to alter helix topology in either of two ways. Some of the mutations involved residues within transmembrane segments 7 and 11 that produced substantial changes in side chain volume: TM-7 (Cys-234 → Trp or Phe, Gln-241 → Leu, and Phe-247 → Val) and TM-11 (Ser-366 → Phe). Alternatively, other mutations were highly disruptive substitutions at the ends of transmembrane segments or within hydrophilic loops (Gly-257 → Asp, Val-367 → Glu, Ala-369 → Pro, and a 5-codon insertion into loop 11/12). It is hypothesized that the effects of these suppressor mutations are to alter the helical topologies in the second half of the protein to facilitate a better interaction with the first half. Overall, these results are consistent with a transport model in which TM-2 acts as an important interface between the two halves of the lactose permease. According to our tertiary model, this interaction occurs between TM-2 and TM-11.
Hematozoa of Waterfowl from Michigan

Two hundred eighteen and 127 wild waterfowl (Anatidae) of five species were sampled from the Kellogg Biological Station area (Michigan, USA) during the summer (1 June to 24 August 1995) and fall (9 September to 8 October 1995), respectively. Twelve (6%) of those sampled in summer and 13 (11%) sampled in the fall were infected with hemosporids. Haemoproteus nettionis, Haemoproteus greineri, and Leucocytozoon simondi infected both summer and fall birds, with H. nettionis the most common (4% summer; 7% fall). Mean intensities were low; the highest mean intensity was 4.6 ± 1.1 gametocytes per 5,000 uninfected erythrocytes for H. nettionis in summer. Of 123 local waterfowl, none were infected with any blood parasite. Thirty-five captive year-round resident waterfowl also were sampled and no blood parasites were found.
Indirect complexometric titration of potassium, rubidium, cesium, thallium and ammonium

Abstract A titrimetric method using EDTA for the determination of potassium, rubidium, cesium, thallium and ammonium has been developed. These cations are precipitated as M 2 Ag[Co(NO 2 ) 6 ] and the blue cobalt thiocyanate complex in acetone-water mixed system is titrated with EDTA. Milligram quantities have been determined in the present work
The length of some diagonalization games

For X a separable metric space and \(\alpha\) an infinite ordinal, consider the following three games of length \(\alpha\): In \(G^{\alpha}_1\) ONE chooses in inning \(\gamma\) an \(\omega\)–cover \(O_{\gamma}\) of X; TWO responds with a \(T_{\gamma}\in O_{\gamma}\). TWO wins if \(\{T_{\gamma}:\gamma<\alpha\}\) is an \(\omega\)–cover of X; ONE wins otherwise. In \(G^{\alpha}_2\) ONE chooses in inning \(\gamma\) a subset \(O_{\gamma}\) of \({\sf C}_p(X)\) which has the zero function \(\underline{0}\) in its closure, and TWO responds with a function \(T_{\gamma}\in O_{\gamma}\). TWO wins if \(\underline{0}\) is in the closure of \(\{T_{\gamma}:\gamma<\alpha\}\); otherwise, ONE wins. In \(G^{\alpha}_3\) ONE chooses in inning \(\gamma\) a dense subset \(O_{\gamma}\) of \({\sf C}_p(X)\), and TWO responds with a \(T_{\gamma}\in O_{\gamma}\). TWO wins if \(\{T_{\gamma}:\gamma<\alpha\}\) is dense in \({\sf C}_p(X)\); otherwise, ONE wins. After a brief survey we prove: 1. If \(\alpha\) is minimal such that TWO has a winning strategy in \(G^{\alpha}_1\), then \(\alpha\) is additively indecomposable (Theorem 4) 2. For \(\alpha\) countable and minimal such that TWO has a winning strategy in \(G^{\alpha}_1\) on X, the following statements are equivalent (Theorem 9): a) TWO has a winning strategy in \(G^{\alpha}_2\) on \({\sf C}_p(X)\). b) TWO has a winning strategy in \(G^{\alpha}_3\) on \({\sf C}_p(X)\). 3. The Continuum Hypothesis implies that there is an uncountable set X of real numbers such that TWO has a winning strategy in \(G^{\omega^2}_1\) on X (Theorem 10).
Outcomes of Lobectomy in Patients with Severely Compromised Lung Function (Predicted Postoperative Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide % ≤ 40%)

Rationale: Patients defined as high operative risk by pulmonary function tests are often denied lobectomy or offered potentially less curative options, including sublobar resection or stereotactic body radiation therapy.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of lobectomy in a group of patients deemed high risk based on predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DlCO) less than or equal to 40%.Methods: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent lobectomy with a predicted postoperative DlCO% less than or equal to 40%. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate predictors were determined using regression analysis.Measurements and Main Results: Lobectomy was performed in 50 patients with a predicted DlCO less than or equal to 40% (median predicted postoperative DlCO%, 35%). The median age was 71 years, 68% (n = 34) were women, and 84% (n = 42) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ...
Enhanced confinement and stability in DIII-D discharges with reversed magnetic shear.

Peaked pressure profiles and central ion temperatures up to 20 keV are observed in DIII-D $H$-mode discharges with a central region of strongly reversed magnetic shear. Short wavelength ballooning modes are stabilized by access to the second stable regime, longer wavelength modes by a conducting wall and possibly by rotational shear. Values of normalized beta, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{N}=\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}\mathrm{aB}}{I}$, up to 4 (%-$m$-T/MA), energy confinement are a factor of 3 better than $L$ mode, and at least 50% of the noninductive plasma current in this regime demonstrates compatibility with requirements for a steady-state high-beta tokamak power plant.
The Chinese and Japanese communist parties: three decades of discord and reconciliation, 1966–1998

Abstract This article depicts a painful period in the relations between the Chinese and Japanese communist parties. Using a case study of relations between a ruling Chinese communist party and a non-ruling Japanese communist party, the article covers negotiations and communique between the JCP leader Miyamoto and CCP leadership in 1966 that was overruled by Mao Zedong on the issue of Soviet “revisionism” and revolutionary line for the JCP. It discusses the resulting breakdown of negotiations and CCP’s efforts to splinter the Japanese party by setting up a pro-Beijing Japanese communist group. The article analyzes the obstacles to normalization, and the reasons why the leadership of the two parties decided to compromise and reach normalization in 1998 after 30 years of acrimony.
Production of OH Molecules in Interstellar Shock Waves

OH molecule production in interstellar shock waves, discussing rapid hydrogen production on grains
Examining Supplier Improvement Efforts from Both Sides

SUMMARY Perceptual data from the population of buyers and suppliers to a major electronics firm were collected to test the extent of judgmental convergence between matched pairs of buyers and suppliers with respect to the suppliers' quality management practices and the buyers' supplier development activities. The customer firm (and its supply base) was chosen due to its national leadership in quality improvement achievements and forward thinking in supply management. It was believed that this electronic systems manufacturer would be most likely to have reached a common understanding with its suppliers regarding continuous improvement needs. Results indicate that buyers and suppliers are largely in agreement regarding the extent of the suppliers' total quality management (TQM) implementation. Little agreement was noted regarding the buyers' execution of supplier development activities. Recommendations to supply managers regarding enhanced communication with their suppliers and recognition of their suppliers' role in quality improvement are offered.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of ruthenium-pyridyl complexes at copper electrodes

Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of 2,2′-bipyridine, Ru(bpy)(py)4(CIO4)2, Ru(py)6(BF4)2 and Ru(bpy)-(PVP)(CIO4)2 at the surface of a copper electrode are presented [bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; py=pyridine; and PVP =poly(4-vinylpyridine)]. The dependence of the spectra on potential is demonstrated through presentation of complete spectra at applied potentials from −0.2 to −1 V, as well as in plots of SER intensity vs electrode potential. The effect of excitation wavelength on the spectra is discussed. Significant differences between the potential dependences of these compounds at copper and silver electrode surfaces are shown. SER spectra from the surface-enhanced resonance Raman active ruthenium complexes could be obtained only with an excitation wavelength longer than 514.5 nm.
Workspace calibration via perceptual judgments

3D graphic scenes are only correctly rendered for one viewpoint. Without laborious calibration, however, observers seldom view the monitor from this viewpoint. Even in visual experiments using headrests, inter-subject variability in head-size and eye position result in many subjects viewing the display "off-axis", producing well known distortions in perceptual judgments. The goal is to correctly render graphic displays for the application/experiment based on a simple set of perceptual judgments made by the user. We have two approaches. Our first approach uses point matches between points on a transparency and 3D haptic points that the user makes with the Phantom device. We use well-known calibration techniques from Computer Vision to estimate the transformation matrix between the mirror and the monitor and also the position of the eye. This method requires the presence of a 3D calibrated object (Phantom, in our case). Our second method uses the same transparency and user-adjustable points on the monitor to derive a transformation matrix between mirror and monitor, as well as the position of the eye. This method does not require the presence of a calibrated object and hence is more generally applicable.
Portion Size Estimation:. A Source of Error in Diet Assessment Studies

Abstract Sources of error in diet assessment studies include inaccurate estimation of portion sizes, incorrect description of food items, incomplete recall of food items eaten and inclusion of extraneous foods. Data from free-living subjects on self-selected diets usually cannot separate the sources of error because of uncertainties about actual food intake. The present study was conducted to identify the contribution of portion size estimations of different food groups to the estimation of food group nutrient intake. Because subjects in the Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity (DELTA) Study were fed well-controlled experimental diets, this was an excellent opportunity to compare self-reported portion sizes with weighed portions provided by the research kitchen. Subjects were normal weight males (n=25) and females (n=18) from three DELTA field centers (Columbia University, Penn State University and University of Minnesota) Twenty-four hour recalls on three randomly selected days were collected for each subject at the beginning of the feeding period. The recalls were conducted by telephone interview at the Penn State Diet Interview Center using the University of Minnesota's microcomputer Nutrient Data Systems. Research kitchen staff observed subjects consume portions. Portion sizes recalled by subjects were converted to gram weights. Individual foods in the experimental menus were grouped as major food groups and subgroups. Self-reported and actual portion sizes for all food groups were compared. Self-reported estimates of portion size versus actual quantities provided by the research kitchen ranged from –43% (underestimation in gram quantities) for condiments to +156% (overestimation) for pasta. In only 5 subgroups (i.e. juices, bread, cookies, milk/milk products and condiments) were portion sizes underestimated while intake from 14 subgroups was overestimated. The overestimation of food groups that resulted in the greatest relative overestimation of protein were pasta, nuts and mixed dishes. The overestimation of food groups that resulted in the greatest relative overestimation of fat were meats, baked beans, nuts, gravy and fat spreads. The overestimation of fruits, pasta, nee, mixed dishes and puddings resulted in the greatest relative overestimation of carbohydrate. This study establishes that subjects overestimate portion sizes of foods they were given to eat and recalled having eaten. In addition, portion sizes of certain food groups are more likely to be overestimated than others. This error in portion size estimation is one important contributor to the errors associated with dietary assessment studies. However, the extent of under- or overestimation of total nutrient intake is also affected by other sources of error.
Preliminary Experience With Social Media for Community Consultation and Public Disclosure in Exception From Informed Consent Trials

Each year in the United States, >300 000 individuals suffer cardiopulmonary arrest and >2 000 000 suffer a serious traumatic injury requiring hospitalization.1,2 Clinical advances in these fields have been limited because of the paucity of scientific evidence guiding resuscitation practices. Prospective clinical trials are important for advancing the knowledge base in these areas, but because of the emergent nature of these conditions and the inability of critically ill subjects to provide informed consent, investigators must often conduct clinical trials of cardiac arrest and trauma under federal regulations for Exception From Informed Consent (EFIC).3 Editorial see p 206 The US Department of Health and Human Services and the Food and Drug Administration have issued guidelines for the execution of clinical studies using the EFIC process.3 One of the key steps for EFIC research is community consultation and public disclosure (CC/PD), a process that connotes consultation between the investigative team, the appropriate institutional review boards, representatives of the communities where the research will be conducted, and communities likely to have the condition. However, the regulations provide little guidance on how to accomplish these key goals. Although traditional methods for CC/PD include public meetings and telephone-based surveys, the ability of these modalities to access the target populations, to effectively deliver information, and to elicit useful feedback remains unclear.4 Internet-based social media has emerged as a popular and powerful new modality for communication internationally. The objective of this study was to describe our preliminary experience using social media to facilitate the CC/PD process for cardiopulmonary arrest and trauma trials using EFIC. ### Study Design The activities for this study, including the use of social media for CC/PD, were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Alabama at Birmingham. We devised a social media interface to facilitate the CC/PD process for …
Phage modification of the capacity of gamma-irradiated Escherichia coli to support virus growth.

Abstract The capacity of Escherichia coli to support the growth of T-even phages is more radiation resistant than it is to support the growth of T-odd phages. Since the differential effect is seen using the same irradiated cell culture, this effect must somehow be due to the characteristics of the phage. Here we have investigated the phospholipid metabolism in γ-irradiated E. coli B cells infected with T4 and T7 phage with the viewpoint that phospholipid synthesis, hence maintenance of membrane integrity, may be an essential factor in determining the capacity of cells to support phage growth. Results obtained using cells preirradiated with 100 krads show that the rate and amount of de novo phospholipid synthesis, as followed by 32 P labeling, in T4-infected cells are greater than in T7-infected cells. The rate continually increases from 0–15 min after infection, whereas in the latter cells there is a shut-off of synthesis beginning at around 10 min into infection. Using similarly irradiated cells, we found the course of turnover in T4-infected cells of phospholipids, prelabeled with [ 14 C]acetate prior to infection, to show a pattern opposite that in T7-infected cells. The T4-infected cells show indications of redirection of synthesis, whereas the T7-infected cells show continued degradation starting at 5 min after infection. We conclude that there is a correlation between the ability of the phage to redirect the phospholipid metabolism of the cells, which ability the T4 phage is known to have, and the capacity of the irradiated cells to support a complete cycle of infection. The threshold γ-ray dose within which the capacity of E. coli B for supporting a normal plaquing efficiency of T4 is 300 krads, whereas that capacity for T7 declines exponentially with dose. However, within this dose range, the burst size and RNA synthesis of T4-infected cells decreases exponentially with dose, while those cells still surviving capacity loss for T7 growth give roughly normal bursts of this phage. The capacity of E. coli B for T4rII growth is similar in radiation resistance to that for T4r + growth. The rate and amount of de novo phospholipid synthesis in rII-infected cells (where the cells were also irradiated with 100 krads prior to infection) are similar to those found in T4r + -infected cells for the first 10 min of infection, but thereafter diminishes in rate.
A Longitudinal Feedback System for PEP

Whether the wide bandwidth longitudinal feedback system described in this paper is made to act on the individual modes in frequency domain or on the individual bunches in time domain, it represents a clean and efficient way of damping the longitudinal oscillations without influencing other beam parameters such as bunch shape or synchrotron frequency distribution. The frequency domain feedback presents the advantage of providing information on which modes are unstable and on their risetimes, which may be helpful in locating dangerous resonators in the ring.
An investigation of drive summation in a water runway

Three groups of rats ran at each temperature, 15° and 37.5° C, for three days. Two groups were 72 hr. food deprived the first day; one group was reinforced with food in addition to escape reinforcement. These groups were 23 hr. deprived the second and third days. Significant differences occurred between temperatures and days.
More Results on Product Moments from a Finite Universe

Abstract In a previous paper [4] an estimate of the 4-variate product moment was obtained. This estimate had a slight bias, as we pointed out. In this paper an unbiased estimate of the 4-variate product moment is obtained. Asymptotic results for the 3-variate and 4-variate product moments and their estimates are also obtained.