cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS OF METAL CARBONYL ANIONS

Abstract Metal carbonyl anions exhibit one- and two-electron reactions. The two-electron processes involving transfer of groups (hydrogen, alkyl, and halogen) between metal centers are related to the nucleophilicity. The one-electron processes are primarily outer-sphere electron transfer for the metal carbonyl anions. These reactions are observed in the presence of oxidants such as coordination complexes, pyridinium salts, metal carbonyl dimers and metal carbonyl clusters. However, in contrast to organic reactions, the metal carbonyl anions may undergo inner-sphere electron transfer. Reactions of metal carbonyl anions of low nucleophilicity with metal carbonyl cations or halides are best interpreted as inner-sphere, one-electron transfer.
Training a Neural Network for Vocal Stereotypy Detection

This system was developed to detect and diagnose vocal stereotypies made by non-verbal autistic children. Vocal stereotypies are loud non-speech vocalizations made by these children.The system discussed in this paper uses a deep learning neural network to detect these vocalizations. Using similar data from other recorded human voices, the system can be trained to detect the non-speech vocalizations of autistic children. By detecting vocalizations the proposed system can be used to recognize the stimming of non-verbal autistic children from the background noise.
Topical intranasal fluorescein to localize a cerebrospinal fluid leak: a demonstration

Abstract Background Intrathecal fluorescein is commonly used to localize cerebrospinal fluid leaks. This technique is invasive and associated with several potential adverse effects. The purpose of this video presentation is to demonstrate an alternative technique, the intranasal use of dilute topical fluorescein, to localize a cerebrospinal fluid leak intraoperatively. Methods A 45-year-old male with a history of benign intracranial hypertension and 2 months of right-sided rhinorrhea underwent surgical repair of a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Topical fluorescein was applied intraoperatively to localize the defect. Results At 1- and 3-month follow-ups the patient was without cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and the middle turbinate flap was intact. Conclusion Topical application of dilute intranasal fluorescein is a feasible and efficient tool for localizing cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
How Not to Think about Climate Change

Fifty years ago, Auguste Rodin’s famous work The Thinker was bombed at the Cleveland Museum of Art. This essay uses the occasion and the artwork to reflect upon the challenge of thinking amidst the...
Evidence That Runt Acts as a Counter-Repressor of Groucho During Drosophila melanogaster Primary Sex Determination.

Runx proteins are bifunctional transcription factors that both repress and activate transcription in animal cells. Typically, Runx proteins work in concert with other transcriptional regulators, including co-activators and co-repressors to mediate their biological effects. In Drosophila melanogaster the archetypal Runx protein, Runt, functions in numerous processes including segmentation, neurogenesis and sex determination. During primary sex determination Runt acts as one of four X-linked signal element (XSE) proteins that direct female-specific activation of the establishment promoter (Pe) of the master regulatory gene Sex-lethal (Sxl). Successful activation of SxlPe requires that the XSE proteins overcome the repressive effects of maternally deposited Groucho (Gro), a potent co-repressor of the Gro/TLE family. Runx proteins, including Runt, contain a C-terminal peptide, VWRPY, known to bind to Gro/TLE proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. We show that Runt’s VWRPY co-repressor-interaction domain is needed for Runt to activate SxlPe. Deletion of the Gro-interaction domain eliminates Runt-ability to activate SxlPe, whereas replacement with a higher affinity, VWRPW, sequence promotes Runt-mediated transcription. This suggests that Runt may activate SxlPe by antagonizing Gro function, a conclusion consistent with earlier findings that Runt is needed for Sxl expression only in embryonic regions with high Gro activity. Surprisingly we found that Runt is not required for the initial activation of SxlPe. Instead, Runt is needed to keep SxlPe active during the subsequent period of high-level Sxl transcription suggesting that Runt helps amplify the difference between female and male XSE signals by counter-repressing Gro in female, but not in male, embryos.
What the reproductive number R_0 can and cannot tell us about COVID-19 dynamics

The reproductive number R_0 (and its value after initial disease emergence R) has long been used to predict the likelihood of pathogen invasion, to gauge the potential severity of an epidemic, and to set policy around interventions. However, often ignored complexities have generated confusion around use of the metric. This is particularly apparent with the emergent pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We address some of these misconceptions, namely, how R changes over time, varies over space, and relates to epidemic size by referencing the mathematical definition of R and examples from the current pandemic. We hope that a better appreciation of the uses, nuances, and limitations of R facilitates a better understanding of epidemic spread, epidemic severity, and the effects of interventions in the context of SARS-CoV-2.
Next Year, Together: Covid-19 Rewrites a Ritual Meal

This commentary describes a virtual seder (the ceremonial Passover meal) as it is reformatted by Covid-19. Dwelling on a shift in the closing lines of the socially-distanced digital dinner from “next year in Jerusalem” to “next year, together,” the essay explores the politics of place in articulations of hope and the role of ritual in potentially rewriting them.
Strategies for development of nanoporous materials with 2D building units

It has already been realized that two-dimensional (2D) materials carry a great potential in energy conversion and storage, gas storage, chemical sensing, and many other applications closely related to human life. These applications benefit from a key feature of 2D materials, namely the large specific surface area, which however can be diminished significantly due to the tendency of these materials to restack. In this review, we revisit the strategies - including soft and hard templating - that have been developed for generating nanoporosity in 3D materials and demonstrate their adaptation for 2D materials using carbon nitride and graphene materials as examples. Owing to the 2D nature of the building units, a new type of nanopore can be generated by perforating the basal planes. These in-plane nanopores are essential in many emerging applications of 2D materials such as semipermeable membranes; hence, their creation methods, including post-synthesis activation, ion bombardment, electron beam drilling, and nanolithography, are worthy of a critical review. Lastly, techniques for preventing the restacking by fabricating 2D-0D, 2D-1D, and 2D-2D layer-by-layer composite structures are discussed. The goal is to promote the use of these methods for creating nanoporosity in more 2D materials.
MicroRNAs as Engineering Targets: Pathway Manipulation to Impact Bioprocess Phenotypes

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary mammalian culture system used for recombinant protein production; therefore there are continuous research and development efforts to improve cell production capabilities by both genetic modification and process optimization strategies. The genetic modifications are used to increase specific growth rate, to reduce apoptosis and to improve nutrients utilization. Since altering the expression of a single gene or even a single pathway may not be sufficient to produce desirable phenotypes, regulation of global gene expression may be a better approach for pathway engineering in CHO cells. miRNA(s) were found to be global regulators of gene expression with the ability to simultaneously alter multiple cellular pathways such as cell growth, apoptosis, stress resistance, metabolism and protein secretion. Therefore, modifications of miRNA expression profiles may facilitate the design of high-producing CHO cells. Recent advances in transfection techniques allow the insertion of miRNA mimics or inhibitors into CHO cells at specific stages of the bioprocess. Unlike traditional engineering approaches, manipulation of miRNA expression profiles does not burden the translational machinery of the cell and therefore, cellular metabolic resources are allocated to recombinant protein production. In this chapter we highlight the industrially-relevant pathways, report on miRNA involvement in their regulation, discuss how these miRNAs can be used to improve performance of CHO cells for industrial applications and propose specific miRNA candidates for CHO cell engineering.
Timing of Preoperative Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Primary One-Level to Three-Level Lumbar Fusion.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between timing of preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) among patients with 1-level to 3-level lumbar fusion. Methods Patients having undergone a primary 1-level to 3-level lumbar fusion at a single institution were allocated into 5 groups based on the time from preoperative antibiotic administration to incision (group A, 0-15 minutes; group B, 16-30 minutes; group C, 31-45 minutes; group D, 46–60 minutes; and group E, 61+ minutes). Timing of antibiotic administration as a continuous variable was also analyzed. All patients received irrigation with 3 L of normal saline containing bacitracin as well as local administration of vancomycin powder. SSIs were identified by the definition set forth by the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Results Among 1131 patients, 27 (2.4%) were found to have an SSI. Compared with patients with antibiotic administration within 0–15 minutes before incision, patients with administration 61+ minutes before incision (group 4) had significantly higher odds of developing an SSI (P Conclusions Our results show that preoperative antibiotic administration beyond 1 hour in patients who have undergone lumbar fusion is associated with higher rates of SSI.
Locating the Hope in Bone-deep Participation

(I once read a letter addressed in this way, and have since wanted to do the same). I am going to use the space of this letter trying to describe something in writing that I have only ever been able to capture in person, over the dinner table or while on a long walk or subway ride.
Remedies, the Labor Reform Bill of 1978, and the Employee Free Choice Bill of 2009

The principal reasons for the considerable focus on remedies and the emergence of proposals for labor law reform in the Labor Reform Bill of 1978 were the increased caseload of the National Labor Relations Board and the strain that caseload has placed on an administrative statutory scheme that was already convoluted and tortuous. Along with the sharp decline of organized labor in its capacity as a representative for collective bargaining in the workforce, this theme played out again in 2008 and 2009 when the so-called Employee Free Choice Bill was debated. The problems addressed by both the 1978 and 2008–2009 legislative reforms are long-standing. As Chairman John Fanning of the NLRB said in testimony before the House Committee on Education and Labor: In 1957, when I was first appointed to the Board, the agency processed a total of 16,000 cases and the Board issued 353 decisions in contested unfair labor practice cases. In the current fiscal year (1972) we will receive more than 52,000 cases and we expect to issue 1,121 such decisions. In fiscal year 1978 we estimate that 57,000 cases will be filed with the agency and we expect to issue 1,242 decisions. In fiscal year 1979 the number of cases will amount to 61,000, and our published decisions will number 1,400.
Freezing Characteristics of Rigid Plant Tissues (Development of Cell Tension during Extracellular Freezing)

The freezing characteristics and development of cell tension during extracellular freezing were examined in supercooling stem tissues of riverbank grapes (Vitis riparia) and cold-hardened leaves of live oak (Quercus virginiana) and mountain cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). Dormant stem xylem and pith tissues of river-bank grapes were resistant to freeze-induced dehydration above the homogeneous nucleation temperature, and they developed cell tension reaching a maximum of 27 MPa. Similarly, extracellular freezing induced cell tension in the leaves of live oak and mountain cranberry. Maximum cell tension in the leaves of live oak was 16.8 MPa and 8.3 MPa in the leaves of mountain cranberry. Following peak tensions in the leaves, a decline in the pressure was observed with progressive freezing. The results suggest that resistance to cell deformation during extracellular freezing due to cell-wall rigidity can lead to reduced cell dehydration and increased cell tension. A relationship to predict freezing behavior in plant tissues based on cell rigidity is presented. Based on cell-water relations and ice nucleation rates, cell-wall rigidity has been shown to effect the freezing characteristics of plant tissues, including freeze-induced dehydration, supercooling, and homogeneous nucleation temperatures.
Microchemical urinalysis. VIII - Determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.

Abstract A procedure is described which uilizes 1 ml of human or monkey urine for the determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. In this procedure, only the steroids conjugated with glucuronic acid are determined. The steps involve an enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by the extraction of the free steroids, with subsequent washing of the extract to rid it of interfering substances, and finally development of a colored compound by the use of phenylhydrazine.
Closing the gap: Near-optimal Steiner trees in polynomial time

The authors enhance the Iterated 1-Steiner (I1S) MRST heuristic of A.B. Kahng, and G. Robins (1992). For typical nets, the methods obtain average performance of less than 0.25% from optimal, and produce optimal solutions in 90% of cases. The authors generalize I1S to higher dimensions, and prove that in 2-D and 3-D the MST degree of any point can be made /spl les/4 and /spl les/14, respectively. Aside from reducing the running times of the algorithms, these results are of independent theoretical interest. >
Defining Away the Digital Divide: A Content Analysis of Institutional Influences on Popular Representations of Technology

It is our contention that information technology is a cultural commodity whose influence is spread through economic and political action of institutions such as the government and corporations. Informed by Bourdieu’s sociology of language, we conduct a content analysis of political speeches regarding “digital opportunities ” delivered by U. S. government officials. In this analysis we demonstrate how institutions actively (re)produce and legitimize popular representations of technology and its role in the new economy. The broader implication of this analysis is to offer a way in which information systems research can consider the larger socio-political context in which so many of our research activities and debates are situated.
Assessing the 07/31/2000 XBRL Taxonomy for Digital Financial Reports of Commercial and Industrial Firms

Extensible business reporting language (XBRL) is an application of XML (extensible markup language) for digital business information. Observers predict that XBRL soon will give many firms the technological capability for providing near-continuous financial reporting through the Web, among many other uses. This study evaluates the 07/31/2000 release of the XBRL taxonomy for the digital reporting of company financial data by commercial and industrial (C&I) firms. We attempt to match each line item in the annual financial statements of 67 companies with an XBRL 'tag' from the hierarchical C&I taxonomy. Our interest centers on 'special attention' (difficult-to-match) items. Results for such items are broken out by type of statement, by industry, and by quintile of score on a proxy for propensity to adopt XBRL. Special attention items fall into two general classes. 'Grouped' items occur when two or more taxonomy tags are collectively listed as a single item in a financial statement, and cannot be identified with a higher-level tag in the taxonomy. Remaining special attention items include those believed to be specific to an industry or firm, and items for which new tags arguably should be created. Results suggest that the taxonomy captures a large portion (> 90-95%) of the financial statement data from a variety of industries, but that industry-specific taxonomies still are warranted. Suggested new tags, possible fixes for generic problems in matching line-items to tags, and policy implications of the need for stability in the taxonomy and comparability through its use are discussed. The potential effects of the taxonomy on the quality of financial information in XBRL-generated reports also are discussed, using quality dimensions found in the Financial Accounting Standard Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2.
Ultrafast all-optical joint transform correlation

A new all-optical architecture for fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation using a photorefractive crystal is proposed. The proposed is very fast because it generates the correlation output in one step while eliminating the intermediate Fourier plane processing required by alternate techniques. This also avoids the problems introduced by the nonlinearities associated with the CCD array used for recording the joint power spectrum.
Structure of diamond(100) stepped surfaces from ab initio calculations

We present theoretical studies of relaxations of monoatomic SA; SB (b) and SB (n) steps on the diamond(100)-(21) surface employing an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation method that is based on density functional theory. Stable dimer structures are found in the upper and lower planes of the step surfaces in agreement with experiment. Significant atomic relaxations occur near the step edges of SB (b) and SB (n) stepped surfaces induced by the creation of the steps. Atomic H adsorption on these step surfaces to form monohydride structures is energetically favourable. We also simulate the presence of radical sites near the step edges of SA ,S B(n) and SB (b) and local reconstruction involving the dimer containing the radical sites is found. Electronic charge density profiles of the filled states near the Fermi level show features associated with the dimer structures.
Subcellular localization and internalization of the four human leptin receptor isoforms.

There are four known isoforms of the human leptin receptor (HLR) with different C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (designated by the number of unique C-terminal amino acids). In cells expressing HLR-5, -15, or -274, 15–25% of the leptin binding sites were located at the plasma membrane. In contrast, in cells expressing HLR-67, only 5% of the total binding sites were at the plasma membrane. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed that all four isoforms partially co-localized with calnexin and β-COP, markers of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi, respectively. All isoforms were also detected in an unidentified punctate compartment. All isoforms were internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but at different rates. After 20 min at 37 °C, 45% of a bound cohort of labeled ligand had been internalized by HLR-15, 30% by HLR-67, 25% by HLR-274, and 15% by HLR-5. Degradation of internalized leptin occurred in lysosomes. Overnight exposure to leptin down-regulated all isoforms, but to a variable extent. HLR-274 displayed the greatest down-regulation and also appeared to reach lysosomes more quickly than the other isoforms. The faster degradation of HLR-274 may help to terminate leptin signaling.
Explorations of linked editosome domains leading to the discovery of motifs defining conserved pockets in editosome OB-folds

Abstract Trypanosomatids form a group of protozoa which contain parasites of human, animals and plants. Several of these species cause major human diseases, including Trypanosoma brucei which is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, also called sleeping sickness. These organisms have many highly unusual features including a unique U-insertion/deletion RNA editing process in the single mitochondrion. A key multi-protein complex, called the ∼20S editosome, or editosome, carries out a cascade of essential RNA-modifying reactions and contains a core of 12 different proteins of which six are the interaction proteins A1 to A6. Each of these interaction proteins comprises a C-terminal OB-fold and the smallest interaction protein A6 has been shown to interact with four other editosome OB-folds. Here we report the results of a “linked OB-fold” approach to obtain a view of how multiple OB-folds might interact in the core of the editosome. Constructs with variants of linked domains in 25 expression and co-expression experiments resulted in 13 soluble multi-OB-fold complexes. In several instances, these complexes were more homogeneous in size than those obtained from corresponding unlinked OB-folds. The crystal structure of A3 OB linked to A6 could be elucidated and confirmed the tight interaction between these two OB domains as seen also in our recent complex of A3 OB and A6 with nanobodies. In the current crystal structure of A3 OB linked to A6, hydrophobic side chains reside in well-defined pockets of neighboring OB-fold domains. When analyzing the available crystal structures of editosome OB-folds, it appears that in five instances “Pocket 1” of A1 OB , A3 OB and A6 is occupied by a hydrophobic side chain from a neighboring protein. In these three different OB-folds, Pocket 1 is formed by two conserved sequence motifs and an invariant arginine. These pockets might play a key role in the assembly or mechanism of the editosome by interacting with hydrophobic side chains from other proteins.
Proton-neutron modes in non-axial nuclei

Abstract A normal-mode analysis is carried out for aligned rigid-triaxial, gamma-unstable and oblique proton-neutron shapes. Intrinsic hamiltonians, energy surfaces and estimates for bandhead energies and selected transition rates are provided. Possible experimental signatures are briefly discussed.
Optimum Processing of Unequally Spaced Radar Pulse Trains for Clutter Rejection

A train of radar pulses from one resolution cell can be processed coherently to reject echoes from external clutter and detect targets moving radially with respect to the clutter. Optimum methods of signal processing are defined for systems in which the interpulse spacings are multiply staggered to avoid target blind speeds. Likelihood ratio tests are developed for systems in which the target Doppler frequency is known a priori and for systems employing a bank of filters to cover the target Doppler band. To implement such tests, the N pulses in the train are added with complex weights and the amplitude of the sum compared with a detection threshold. The set of weights which maximizes the average signal-to-clutter ratio is also computed for a single-filter system with unknown target Doppler frequency. When the clutter autocorrelation function is exponential, the clutter covariance matrix can be inverted analytically. This latter result is useful for comparing different interpulse-spacing codes for a particular system application.
Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin.

Abstract Leptin, or OB protein, is produced by fat cells and may regulate body weight by acting on the brain. To reach the brain, circulating leptin must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intravenously injected radioiodinated leptin ( 125 I-leptin) had an influx constant (K i ) into brain of (5.87)10 −4 ml/g-min, a rate 20 times greater than that of labeled albumin. Unlabeled leptin inhibited the influx of 125 I-leptin in a dose-dependent manner whereas unlabeled tyrosine and insulin, which have saturable transport systems, were without effect. HPLC and acid precipitation showed that the radioactivity in brain and serum represented intact 125 I-leptin. About 75% of the extravascular 125 I-leptin in brain completely crossed the BBB to reach brain parenchyma. Autoradiography detected uptake at the choroid plexus, arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the median eminence. Saturable transport did not occur out of the brain. The results show that leptin is transported intact from blood to brain by a saturable system.
Rapamycin blocks production of KSHV/HHV8: insights into the anti-tumor activity of an immunosuppressant drug.

Background Infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) often results in the development of fatal tumors in immunocompromised patients. Studies of renal transplant recipients show that use of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, both prevents and can induce the regression of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), an opportunistic tumor that arises within a subset of this infected population. In light of rapamycin's marked anti-KS activity, we tested whether the drug might directly inhibit the KSHV life cycle. We focused on the molecular switch that triggers this predominantly latent virus to enter the lytic (productive) replication phase, since earlier work links this transition to viral persistence and tumorigenesis.
Pilot Study of Outcomes in Pediatric Rhinosinusitis

Objective: To determine outcomes achieved by treating refractory pediatric rhinosinusitis with a stepped protocol of additional antibiotics, adenoidectomy, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Design: Prospective cohort with follow-up at 2 to 3 months and at 10 to 12 months. Setting: Hospital-based pediatric otolaryngology practice with community satellite offices. Participants: Consecutive 10-month sample of 41 children aged 2 to 13 years who met the following criteria: (1) roentgenographically documented sinusitis, (2) at least one 3-week course of a β-lactamase stable antibiotic, (3) 3 months or more of clinical symptoms or three or more annual recurrences, (4) no obstructive adenoid hyperplasia, and (5) no cystic fibrosis. Interventions: Fifteen children (37%) received additional antibiotics alone. Nonresponders underwent adenoidectomy (n=10) when adenoids were present or FESS (n=16) when adenoids were scant or if adenoidectomy did not provide relief (n=2). Main Outcome Measures: Unblinded, oral survey of symptomatic response, caregiver expectations, and quality-of-life issues. Responses from the 12 survey questions were combined to produce a sinusitis response score. Results: Caregiver expectations were met in 88% of children 1 year after treatment but were more often exceeded in patients undergoing FESS (50%) compared with those receiving antibiotics with or without adenoidectomy (13%). Functional endoscopic sinus surgery improved all major symptoms in 100% of children compared with 67% of those receiving antibiotics alone and 75% of those receiving antibiotics and undergoing adenoidectomy. In contrast, complete symptom resolution occurred in only 27% of patients, with no significant differences among groups. The median sinusitis response score of 84% was not associated with treatment level but was negatively associated with male gender. Conclusions: A stepped treatment approach to refractory sinusitis can improve quality of life for children and caregivers. Additional antibiotic therapy and adenoidectomy should be considered before FESS, even if the adenoids are nonobstructing. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:729-736)
Union Contracts and Money Wage Changes in U. S. Manufacturing Industries

This paper analyzes the relationship between wage changes negotiated in selected large collective bargaining agreements and industry-wide changes in average hourly earnings. Multiple regressions are used to examine the relationship in two-digit manufacturing industries for the period 1958II to 1978IL Negotiated wage changes are found to have a major impact on overall movements in hourly earnings. The estimated equations have potential applications for short-run wage forecasting and for policy analyses.
Foreign direct investment and industry response to organized crime: The Mexican case

Abstract Organized crime is a disincentive for investment and business activity. We use murders as a proxy for presence of regional organized crime and study the relation between direct foreign investment and organized crime for different industries in Mexico. Our contribution is the focus on sectoral differences. The data is for net foreign direct investment from 116 countries into the 32 Mexican states from 2004 to 2010. Imputing causality, we find that organized crime deters foreign investment in financial services, commerce, and agriculture, but not oil and mining sectors for which we find increased crime associated with increased investment. There is no effect of organized crime on foreign investment in manufacturing.
A LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES-SPECIFIC PHAGE-DISPLAYED ANTIBODY FRAGMENT RECOGNIZES A CELL SURFACE PROTEIN WHOSE EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS1

We recently selected a phage-displayed single-chain antibody that detects several strains of Listeria monocytogenes and does not cross-react with any of the other five species of Listeria. The efficacy of a phage-displayed anti-L. monocytogenes single-chain antibody as a detection reagent was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using L. monocytogenes grown at different temperatures and in a variety of media commonly used for the isolation of L. monocytogenes from food. The best results were observed when cells were grown in supplemented Fraser enrichment broth. The antigen detected by the phage-displayed antibody was present on the surface of the cells grown between 20 and 42C, but was not present on the cell surface when cells were grown at or below 15C. As determined by Western blot analysis, the antibody bound to a protein with apparent molecular mass of approximately 90 kD. Identification of the protein antigen would allow a more rational approach to the development of an antibody-based method for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes.
Urinary excretion of β-aminoisobutyric acid after administration of thymine and nitrogen mustard☆

Abstract Patients receiving nitrogen mustard (HN2) excrete in their urine large amounts of β-aminoisobutyric acid. This amino acid is produced by the reductive and hydrolytic breakdown of thymine. Patients were studied for their ability to convert thymine to β-aminoisobutyric acid. All the patients studied converted thymine to β-aminoiso-butyric acid to the extent of 20%, calculated on a mole per mole basis. Patients with lymphosarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia excrete as much as 3,000 μmoles of β-aminowobutyric acid after the administration of nitrogen mustard. On the basis of a 20% conversion this represents about 1.5-2 g of thymine. Patients with Hodgkin's disease and bronchogenic carcinoma excrete less β-aminoisobutyric acid than patients with lymphosarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Surgical quality improvement: a simplified method to apply national standards to pediatric trauma care

Abstract Background The emerging "pay for performance" national initiative mandates the development of valid metrics for risk stratification and performance assessment. The International Classification Injury Severity Score (ICISS) predicts survival from injury and is calculated as the product of survival risk ratios (SRRs) for a patient's 3 worst injuries. Survival risk ratios are derived as the proportion of fatalities for every International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Edition , Clinical Modification , diagnosis in a "benchmark" population. We hypothesized that the ICISS prediction model derived from the National Pediatric Trauma Registry (NPTR) would accurately predict mortality in an independent sample from a single pediatric trauma center (PTC) and could be applied to the NSQIP methodology to analyze performance. Methods The ICISS survival probabilities (Ps) were calculated for PTC patients using SRRs computed from 102,608 NPTR records. Records with a single diagnosis and Ps of 1 were excluded from the analysis. Receiver operator characteristics analysis (ROC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of Ps to predict mortality. The Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic was used to determine the degree that the NPTR-derived expected probabilities matched the observed mortality profile at the PTC. Program performance from 2000 to 2004 was then evaluated using Ps adjusted by logit transformation to predict expected mortality (E) for each year cohort. Observed mortality divided by expected mortality (O/E) was calculated for each year group to compare PTC performance to the NSQIP standard of one. The influence of injury severity on these results was determined by evaluating the correlation between O/E and mean Ps of each year cohort. Results A total of 1523 records were analyzed. The ROC area under the curve (AUC ) for Ps was .947 (confidence interval, .934-.957). The Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic ( χ 2 = 5.102; df = 8; P = .747, not significant) indicated the model fit the data well. Adjusted O/E ratio after logit transformation of Ps for the PTC demonstrated initial performance slightly below standard (1.000778) followed by performance better than expected for the subsequent 4 years (range, .6466-.9784). The ratio of observed (O) to expected (E) demonstrated no correlation to mean Ps ( r 2 = .378; P = .208). Conclusion These data validate the application of injury diagnosis derived survival probabilities as objective metrics for determining performance using the NSQIP methodology. Incorporation of these objective predictors of expected outcome to calculation of the risk adjusted O/E ratio enables trend analysis of program performance over time. The lack of significant correlation between O/E and mean Ps demonstrates that NSQIP does indeed reflect process of care while adjusting for severity of patient pathologic condition.
The Langevin Hull: Constant pressure and temperature dynamics for non-periodic systems.

We have developed a new isobaric-isothermal (NPT) algorithm which applies an external pressure to the facets comprising the convex hull surrounding the system. A Langevin thermostat is also applied to the facets to mimic contact with an external heat bath. This new method, the “Langevin Hull”, can handle heterogeneous mixtures of materials with different compressibilities. These systems are problematic for traditional affine transform methods. The Langevin Hull does not suffer from the edge effects of boundary potential methods, and allows realistic treatment of both external pressure and thermal conductivity due to the presence of an implicit solvent. We apply this method to several different systems including bare metal nanoparticles, nanoparticles in an explicit solvent, as well as clusters of liquid water. The predicted mechanical properties of these systems are in good agreement with experimental data and previous simulation work.
A simple molecular orbital model for infrared intensities in metal carbonyl compounds

Abstract A simple molecular orbital model is employed to calculate the infrared intensities of the CO stretching modes in model M(CO)5L and fac-M(CO)3L3 compounds. The intensity of the E species mode is dependent on the net charge residing on L, regardless of the apportionment between σ and π bonding. The A1 mode intensities, on the other hand, increase as the π acceptor ability of L increases. The ‘“vibronic” contribution to the A1 mode intensities is related to the π-charge on L. In M(CO)3L3 compounds, the I(E)/I(A1) intensity ratio is found to decrease markedly with increase in the π-acceptor properties of L. The results suggest that the intensity ratio should be a sensitive measure of the importance of π-bonding in compounds of this type.
Adrenal Response of the Newborn Calf to Acute Inanition and Colostral Feeding

Abstract This is a study of hyperadrenalemia from inanition in neonatal calves and the influence of elevated postpartum concentrations of Cortisol in serum in intestinal absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Feeding of newborn Holstein-Friesian calves was delayed up to 24h after parturition. Concentrations of Cortisol in serum were measured at 0, 12, 24, and 40h following birth. Delaying colostrum intake 8h or more elevated Cortisol concentrations in serum at 24h postpartum. Adrenal response as indicated by concentrations of Cortisol in serum followed a positive linear trend with delay in feeding. Concentrations of Cortisol also were increased acutely by ingestion of colostrum following inanition. As time elapsed after the feeding, concentration of Cortisol in serum decreased. Partial correlations were negative between concentrations of Cortisol and maximum Immunoglobulin G but not Immunoglobulin M or Immunoglobulin A.
Ethnic differences in stroke recurrence.

Objective: To determine whether stroke recurrence and the effect of recurrence on mortality differ by ethnicity. Methods: Using methods from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project, we prospectively identified first-ever ischemic strokes from emergency department logs and hospital admissions (January 2000 to December 2004). Recurrent strokes and deaths were identified for the same period. Cumulative probability of stroke recurrence was estimated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine ethnic differences in recurrence and to examine the relation among ethnicity, recurrence, and mortality. Results: During the time interval, 1,345 first-ever ischemic strokes were validated. Median age of patients was 72 years; 53% were Mexican American (MA). There were 126 recurrent strokes. Cumulative risk for recurrence at 30 days and 1 year was 2.6 and 7.5%, respectively. MAs had higher risk for stroke recurrence (risk ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.34) compared with non-Hispanic white patients, adjusted for demographics, stroke risk factors, and stroke severity. Stroke recurrence was related to mortality to a similar extent across ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white patients: risk ratio, 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–5.32; MAs: risk ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–3.88). Interpretation: MAs had higher stroke recurrence risk compared with non-Hispanic white patients. Stroke recurrence had an important impact on mortality. Efforts to reduce stroke recurrence in MAs are needed. Ann Neurol 2006;60:469 – 475 The burden of stroke encompasses both first-ever and recurrent events. Each year, 700,000 people in the United States experience strokes, and roughly 200,000 of these strokes occur in individuals with a previous stroke history. 1 In the United States, the majority of strokes are ischemic in nature. Estimates of 30-day risk for recurrent stroke after an initial ischemic stroke are 2t o 4%, 2–5 and estimates of 1-year risk for recurrence range from 7 to 13%. 3,5–9 Recurrent strokes are associated with worse functional outcome 4 compared with first-ever strokes and also with an increased risk for death. 7,10 –12 Hispanic individuals in the United States experience a greater burden of stroke compared with nonHispanic white individuals (NHWs) and may be at higher risk of stroke recurrence. 13–15 Mexican Americans (MAs), the largest and fastest growing subgroup of Hispanic Americans, have been shown to have an increased risk for ischemic stroke compared with NHWs, especially at younger ages. 14 Other aspects of stroke burden that have been shown to differ between MAs and NHWs include risk factor profiles 16 and survival after stroke. 17 Risk for stroke recurrence and the influence of recurrence on subsequent mortality have not been investigated in the MA population. The goals of
Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-spiro-4′-dihydropyridines

Abstract 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-3-spiro-4′-dihydropyridines are readily available via intramolecular addition of enolates to pyridinium ions.
Ethnic Consciousness in the British Isles: Questions for Language Planning

La etna konscio en Britaj Insuloj: demandoj por la lingvoplanadoLa lingvoplanado okazas ne nur en disvolvigantaj landoj, sed ankau en jam evoluintaj, tamcn pri aliaj lingvoproblemoj. Post la normigo de grava, grandplimulta lingvo, kiel la angla en la Britaj Insuloj, okazas du cefaj lingvaj problemoj rilate al etnoj. Unue, indiĝenaj minoritatoj volas restarigi au reteni lingvojn, kiuj simbolas la etnan identon; due, enmigrintoj devas lerni la lingvon au lingvovarion de la plimulto.Estas malfacile difini la terminon etno en la Britaj Insuloj. Nek la (jam delonge inter-miksiĝinta) kelta raso, nek la religio, nek la lingvo nun povas esti difinilo. La keltaj lingvoj estas tamen parolataj en izolitaj regionoj kaj elektitaj kiel signifaj indikiloj kaj konserviloj de la naciaj identoj de Skotlando, Irlando kaj Kimrujo, kvankam la grandaj plimultoj tie jam parolas la anglan kiel la unuan lingvon, kiel faras ec la propagand-antoj de la keltaj lingvoj.La lingvaj situacioj en la tri lokoj evoluis malsame. En Irlando la movado por restarigi la gaelan mildigis sian postulon al nura 'konservo' . En Skotlando la ekzisto de du etnaj lingvoj, la skotgaela kaj la anglaparenca skota, obstaklis la etnolingvan movadon. Nur en Kimrujo iom prosperas, kaj kulture kaj politike, la etna lingvo.La historioj de la keltaj lingvoj instruas kelkajn lecionojn. Literatura tradicio. religia uzado, normigo kaj amasmedia uzado helpas vivadigi lingvon. Monsparoj ce lingvo-protektado povas konduki al multkostaj protcstoj. Eĉ ĉe mortaj lingvoj, oficialaj simbolaj agoj povas kontentigi etnajn grupojn.La enmigrintoj, kiuj havas la plej gravajn lingvoproblemojn en Britujo, estas la karib-anoj kaj la sudazianoj. Ili spertas problemojn cefe en la lernejoj, kiuj ekde 1963 klopodas sistemece pliefikigi la metodojn por instrui la anglan al ili sed faras nenion por konservi kompetentojn pri aliaj lingvoj. Tion faras iugrade sudazianaj asocioj. Car la karibanoj plejparte parolas iun variaĵon de la angla, la lernejoj kutimas supozi, ke ili ne havas lingvoproblemojn, kaj traktas ilin same kiel anglojn. Sed la lingvaj kaj aliaj diferencoj kauzas, ke ili multe superproporcie plenigas la klasojn de lern-problemuloj. La lernejoj agnoskas la lingvajn problemojn de la sudazianoj, car ili estas komplete alilingvaj, sed ne konsideras altrudon de la angla kiel diskriminacion au mal-avantagigon. La sudazianoj, pli organizitaj kaj tradicie pli skrib- kaj leg-direktitaj ol la karibanoj, ankaŭ pli sukcesas. Surbaze de la limigitaj informoj sajnas, ke modera en-kalkuligado de lingvokondutaj diferencoj ce samlingvaj enmigrintoj faciligus ties edukigon.Penoj por konservi la lingvojn de naciaj malplimultoj kaj de enmigrintoj povus utili ne nur al tiuj grupoj mem, sed ankaŭ al la evoluo de kunlabora, kulture rica socio.
ESR studies of Co(II) tetraphenylporphyrins and their oxygen adducts: Complex formation with aromatic molecules and sterically hindered lewis bases

ESR investigations of tetraarylporphyrin complexes of Co(II) in degassed toluene solutions in the presence of a number of solutes have shown that complexes are formed when the solute is a π acceptor or a π donor, as well as when it is one of the already well-recognized σ (lone pair) donors. The ESR parameters vary smoothly through the series n acceptor, π donor, hindered Lewis base, nonhindered Lewis base. In fact, it is not possible to distinguish clearly between π donor and Lewis electron pair donor behaviour of hindered amines such as γ-collidine. Strong π acceptors such as trinitrobenzene, as well as nonhindered Lewis bases, form both 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with Co(p-X)TPP. Aggregation appears to be much less important in solutions of metal lotetraarylporphyrins than in solutions of metallo derivatives of natural porphyrins or octaethylporphyrin. In the presence of molecular oxygen, each of the above complexes of Co(II) tetraarylporphyrins forms an oxygen adduct in which the unpaired electron appears to be localized on oxygen between 76 and 81 % of the time. ESR parameters of oxygen adducts vary in approximately the same order as the ESR parameters of the parent Co(II) complexes. Again, it is not possible to distinguish clearly between π donor and Lewis base behavior of hindered amines as solutes. In oxygenated solutions of Co(p-CH3)TPP in toluene containing solutes which are strong π acceptors such as trinitrobenzene, the solute competes with molecular oxygen for the sixth “coordination site”, suggesting that the π acceptor is located above the plane of the porphyrin ring, preventing the coordination of O2 to the cobalt atom.
Development of a Kind of Mine Staff Management System

Designing the mine staff management system based on the RFID technology and GIS technology. The personnel ID information can be collected by the locating substation and transmitted to monitor center by the wireless network and cables. User's personnel ID information which is collected by the locating substation can be used to check the staff attendance and offer the rescuer some information with the trapped victims.
The oxidation of CO by O2 and by NO on supported chromium oxide and other metal oxide catalysts

Abstract The oxidation of CO by NO and by O 2 has been studied on a number of supported transition metal oxide catalysts. On supported chromia the oxidation of CO by NO is faster than by O 2 ; however, with mixtures of NO and O 2 the reaction is selective towards O 2 . The application of continuous mass-spectrometer monitoring to the study of surface state changes in chromia catalysts is outlined. The method was extended to determine the oxidation state of the surface in situ during reaction. In the oxidation-reduction cycle involving alternate passage of HeCO and HeO 2 mixtures at 500 °, the majority of the surface atoms undergo a change of oxidation state from Cr 6+ to Cr 2+ . The extent of this change diminishes with decreasing temperature. Mixtures of He and NO oxidize the surface of supported chromia to a lesser extent than HeO 2 . During the CONO reaction the average surface oxidation state is lower than in the presence of oxygen. A tentative explanation is offered for the selectivity for oxygen over nitric oxide in the oxidation-reduction reactions on commonly employed catalysts.
Neonatal gonadal hormones: Effect on maternal and sexual behavior in the female rat

Abstract It has been found that significant differences exist between male and female rats of the Long-Evans strain on maternal behavior when the animals were presented with rat pups for seven consecutive days. The presence of ovarian or testicular products at the time of maternal testing did not have a facilitating or suppressing effect on maternal behavior in the Long-Evans rat. Females given 100 μg or 1 mg of testosterone propionate (TP) four days after birth and gonadectomized at 25 days of age behaved like control females (oil injected four days after birth and gonadectomized at 25 days of age) on measures of maternal behavior, but showed significantly lower sexual receptivity when primed with estrogen and progesterone. Thus the female sexual behavior system was suppressed by neonatal TP, but the maternal mediating system was not suppressed by the same treatment. It is concluded that the critical periods of differentiation may be different for sex and maternal behavior.
Clock synchronization, a universal light speed, and the terrestrial red‐shift experiment

This paper (i) gives necessary and sufficient conditions that clocks in an inertial lattice can be synchronized, (ii) shows that these conditions do not imply a universal light speed, and (iii) shows that the terrestrial red‐shift experiment provides evidence that clocks in a small inertial lattice in a gravitational field can be synchronized.