cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combinatorics, Probability, and Information Theory

In considering the usefulness and practicality of a cryptographic system, it is necessary to measure its resistance to various forms of attack. Such attacks include simple brute-force searches through the key or message space, somewhat faster searches via collision or meet-in-the-middle algorithms, and more sophisticated methods that are used to compute discrete logarithms, factor integers, and find short vectors in lattices.
Detection and measurement of hot carrier degradation associated with asymmetric p-channel transistors

Control and monitoring of the manufacturing process is essential in the production of reliable devices. A recent experience involving the LDD implant of a 0.91-/spl mu/m CMOS process resulted in asymmetric p-channel transistors with spatially dependent hot carrier performance. This event is especially significant because the monitoring in place could have easily missed the degradation in reliability due to the layout dependence of the test structures. This paper presents some of the typical methods used to monitor hot carrier reliability in production and documents the specific event and symptoms caused by the failure of the implanter to properly sense wafer position. This intermittent failure resulted in transistors with an asymmetric source/drain profile. Standard measurements of Vt, Isub and other transistor parameters indicated normal performance for some layouts and severe hot carrier degradation and Vt shifts when measured in other orientations.
Mutagenesis at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci haploid UV-sensitive strains of Neurospora crassa. III. Comparison of dose-response curves for inactivation and mutation induced by gamma-rays.

UV-induced inactivation and induction of mutations at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci of Neurospora crassa have been compared among 7 different UV-sensitive strains and a standard wild-type strain. The 7 strains show varying degrees of sensitivity to UV-induced inactivation, with the relative sensitivity being: uvs-2 greater than uvs-3 greater than uvs-4 greater than uvs-6 greater than upr-1 greater uvs-5 greater than uvs-1. Studies on the induction of ad-3 mutants by UV show that the 2 excision-repair deficient mutants uvs-2 and upr-1 exhibit enhanced ad-3 mutant frequencies, while uvs-4 and uvs-5 exhibit reduced ad-3 mutant frequencies, and uvs-3 completely eliminates UV mutagenesis. The ad-3 mutation-induction curves obtained with uvs-1 or uvs-6 are not significantly different from that found with the wild-type strain.
On the use of linear programming to solve adaptive predictive control problems

An algorithm for adaptive predictive control of chemical process systems is presented. A least squares based identifier with regularization prevents the covariance matrix from becoming singular and an adaptive deadzone is applied to help prevent parameter drift and output bursting. Furthermore, the estimated parameters are projected into a compact convex set which contains the true plant parameters. The proposed estimation algorithm can be used in conjunction with pole assignment, optimal, and predictive control provided that the projection procedure is implemented so that all estimated plants are stabilizable and the control policy remains feasible. A proof of bounded input, bounded output stability of an adaptive pole assignment algorithm in the presence of output disturbances and model mismatch is presented. The result can be extended to unconstrained predictive control. The application of the proposed approach to a constrained distillation control and optimization problem proposed by the SHELL Development Co. is discussed.
Site-Dependent Seismic Response Spectra for Soft Sites

Different approaches are presented for developing site-dependent response spectra for soft sites where recorded historical motions are not available. Seismic response analyses were performed for a given site with an appropriate input motion to determine the site-frequency characteristics in terms of surface response spectra. These results were combined with statistically derived response spectra from historic motions recorded at sites with similar soil characteristics to determine site-dependent response spectra. In addition, site responses were computed in terms of surface response spectra for appropriately selected 12 historic earthquake motions. Response spectrum derived by statistical analysis of these results was compared with the site-dependent response spectrum. Pertinent results and conclusions from the study are presented herein along with the site-dependent spectra derived.
Constituent structure sets I

We replace traditional phrase structure tree representations by a new type of set-based representations. In comparison to labeled trees in which we can potentially copy one category onto an infinite number of distinct nodes, the proposed representation system significantly restricts syntactic copying. Thus, we do not need to filter out copying possibilities by way of additional constraints. Each structure represents a set of constituents with structurally distinguished items. We provide the intended PF structures with regard to which our set based syntactic representations are sound and complete via our PF interpretation rules. The intended PF structures provide enough flexibility to accommodate word order variation across languages relative to the same syntactic structures.
Malignant pelvic lymphoma

Abstract Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (ML) reoresents a broad spectrum of neoplastic disease that causes tumorlike enlargements of lymphoid tissue. It diffors from Hodgkin's lymphoma in its greater tendency to be multicentric, to be more extensive, and to involve extraiymphatic tissues at the time of clinical presentation. In the present report we describe six cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that presented as primary pelvic disease in adult women.
The role of computerized order sets in pediatric inpatient asthma treatment

Condition-specific order sets within computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems are designed to decrease unnecessary practice variation and to promote evidence-based practice. This study quantitatively assessed the relationship between use of a computerized order set and processes of care in inpatient pediatric asthma treatment, and qualitatively assessed user attitudes toward order set use. The study population included 790 patients with a primary diagnosis of asthma admitted to Columbus Children's Hospital between November 1, 2001 and November 30, 2003. Rates of systemic corticosteroid (SCS) use, metered-dose inhaler use, and pulse oximetry (PulseOx) were calculated for three patient groups: those admitted prior to order set implementation ('pre-set'); those admitted after implementation but without the order set used ('no set'); and those admitted after implementation with the order set used ('set'). Financial measures of length of stay, total charges, and pharmacy charges were also calculated. Focus groups exploring attitudes about order sets were held with physician users of order sets. Order set patients were significantly more likely to receive SCS and PulseOx than 'pre-set' and 'no set' patients. 'No set' patients did not differ significantly from 'pre-set' patients. No significant differences were found in financial measures. Results from focus groups suggested that order set use would be optimized by promoting order set awareness and maximizing order set quality. These results give further credence to policy-makers' calls for expanded use of CPOE systems with condition-specific order sets to facilitate provision of evidence-based care.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA)

This article describes the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology as applied to technological systems and discusses its possible applicability to terrorism. The principal PRA obejctives are the evaluation of the frequency of occurrence of undesirable system states, the identification of accident sequences leading to these states, the evaluation of their frequencies of occurrence, and the ranking of these sequences according to these frequencies. Systems, structures, and components are also ranked according to their contributions to the frequencies of the undesirable states. These rankings are important inputs to risk management. The application of PRA to terrorism presents several challenges. The identification of terrorist events that may lead to undesirable consequences and the evaluation of their frequencies of occurrence are major challenges. Additionally, the binary logic employed in traditional PRAs is not useful for infrastructures because the analysis must account for the capacity of their nodes and arcs. Illustrative examples are provided. Keywords: risk assessment; accident sequences; terrorism; infrastructures
A magnetically delayed vacuum switch for multi-kilohertz pulsed-power applications

It is shown that, by utilizing a saturable inductor in series with a conventional trigatron vacuum gap, greatly improved switching performance over that of either switch alone can be realized. Power dissipation is reduced and voltage and current transitions are much faster and smoother due to well-behaved saturation characteristics of the core material and proper preparation of the switching gap conductivity. Under closely monitored conditions, the authors have performed several experiments to characterize how well the magnetically delayed vacuum switch (MDVS) operates. These include comparing voltage and current waveforms, voltage probing, framing photography, a qualitative erosion study, and high-frequency burst mode tests. During testing, the MDVS has demonstrated excellent triggering characteristics, excellent recovery, and low energy losses. High-repeat-rate operation at >11 kHz was also demonstrated. >
Sex differences in depression

Women are twice as likely as men to experience protracted sadness, apathy, low self-esteem, and other symptoms of depression. How can we account for this sex difference? Several explanations have been proposed, some dating back many years. This book critically examines the evidence for each explanation in an attempt to discover what we do and do not know about sex differences in depression. It is a landmark review of the historical, theoretical and empirical approaches to sex differences in depression. Nolen-Hoeksema presents a fresh historical review, makes theoretical criticisms and offers clear and challenging avenues for future research and practical applications.
Social Workers as Civic-Minded Professionals

This study examined civic-mindedness among a sample of social work educators, community practitioners and new graduates. Using a web-based survey, researchers administered Hatcher’s (2008) Civic-Minded Professional scale. Results indicated that traditional and field faculty were more civic-minded than new graduates and other practitioners. Social work educators who focused on raising civic awareness in courses were more civic-minded than colleagues. New graduates who had participated in club service events were more civic-minded; however, there was no significant differences between groups based on number of community service courses completed. Social workers, whether faculty or not, who had participated in collaborative research were more civic-minded. The authors conclude that how social workers view their commitment to civic engagement has implications. Social workers need to be vigilant in our commitment to well-being in society. Intentional practices could be implemented to strengthen the partnership among groups.
Ground-penetrating radar railroad ballast inspection with an unsupervised algorithm to boost the region of interest detection efficiency

Railroad ballast inspection is critical for the safety of both passenger and freight rail. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been utilized as a highly efficient nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring technique in bridge and roadway inspection for many years. However, the development of robust GPR technologies for railroad ballast inspection is still at its early stage due to the complex scattering characteristics of ballast and the lack of efficient algorithms to process big GPR data. An efficient unsupervised method for detecting the region of interest in ballast layer based on the Hilbert transform and Renyi entropy analysis is developed. Both laboratory test and field test are set up and conducted. The data interpretation results demonstrate that the developed region of interest detection algorithm is an efficient and valuable tool for GPR data processing.
Coactivation of estrogen receptor α (ERα)/Sp1 by vitamin D receptor interacting protein 150 (DRIP150)

Vitamin D receptor interacting protein (DRIP150) coactivates estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-mediated transactivation in breast cancer cell lines transfected with a construct (pERE(3)) containing three estrogen responsive elements (EREs). In this study, we show that DRIP150 also coactivates ERalpha/Sp1-mediated transactivation in ZR-75, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells transfected with a construct (pSp1(3)) containing three consensus GC-rich motifs. Studies on coactivation of wild-type and variant ERalpha/Sp1 by DRIP150 indicates that the DNA-binding domain and helix 12 in the ligand binding domain of ERalpha are required and the coactivation response is squelched by overexpressing an NR-box peptide that contains two LXXLL motifs from GRIP2. In contrast, coactivation of ERalpha/Sp1 by wild-type and mutant DRIP150 expression plasmids show that coactivation of ERalpha/Sp1 by DRIP150 is independent of the NR-boxes. Deletion analysis of DRIP150 demonstrates that coactivation requires an alpha-helical NIFSEVRVYN (amino acids 795-804) motif within 23 amino acid sequence (789-811) in the central region of DRIP150 and similar results were obtained for coactivation of ERalpha by DRIP150. Thus, although different domains of ERalpha are required for hormone-dependent activation of ERalpha and ERalpha/Sp1, coactivation of these transcription factors by DRIP150 requires the alpha-helical amino acids 795-804. This is the first report of a coactivator that enhances ERalpha/Sp1-mediated transactivation in breast cancer cells.
A novel thermotropic polyester with a flexible side group: Synthesis and characterization, as well as rheology of its poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

A thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) polyester containing the 2-butoxyethyleneoxy-1,4-phenylene terephthalate unit (PBEPT) was synthesized and characterized by viscosity measurements, thermogravimetry (t.g.a.), d.s.c. and polarizing microscopy. The polymer exhibited liquid crystallinity in the processing temperature range of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Blends of PBEPT and PET were prepared. Rheological measurements of the blends were conducted, and compared with data for pure PET, in order to evaluate the effect of the LC polyester on the viscoelasticity of the matrix polymer. Dynamic oscillatory shear, as well as steady shear measurements, indicated a depression of the melt viscosity of PET by 80% caused by the addition of 2–5% of PBEPT.
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Accountability and Performance Ratings

The authors explored whether accountability has implications for performance ratings and investigated factors that may influence both accountability and performance ratings. Specifically, they investigated (a) whether feelings of accountability are directly related to performance ratings, (b) whether experimental manipulations that have been proposed to manipulate accountability in fact do so, and (c) the role of motivation-related constructs. They developed and tested a model of factors proposed to influence accountability and performance ratings. Results from 334 raters in an upward feedback situation in a classroom context provide empirical support that feelings of accountability influence rating level, as do perceptions of anonymity and the importance raters place on their jobs. However, neither anonymity nor importance perceptions were related to feelings of accountability.
Regulation of pineal glands of chickens: Organ culture

Abstract 1. In vivo pineal gland N -acetyltransferase activity (NAT) exhibits a 27-fold circadian rhythm (peak in the subjective dark-time) that can be controlled with environmental lighting. 2. In vitro , 6–7 day organ cultures if pineal glands from chickens (killed in the light-time) display changes in NAT. During the first 24 hr of culture there is a rise to a peak during the projected dark-time and a dip follows during the ensuing projected light-time. 3. In vitro there is a spontaneous decline of NAT which occurs in organ cultures of pineal glands from chickens (killed in the dark-time) at approximately the time of projected lights-on; the decline in enzyme activity occurs earlier if prior photoperiod was LD 16:8 than if prior photoperiod was LD 12:12. 4. In vitro NAT in pineal glands from chickens (killed in their light-time and organ cultured for 6 hr) are inhibited by norepinephrine, pargyline and cycloheximide. 5. In vitro NAT in pineal glands from chickens (killed in their dark-time and organ cultured for 8 hr) are inhibited by isoproterenol and cycloheximide and are stimulated (1.7–2.2 fold) by theophylline and dibutyryl cAMP.
Epitaxial Si(001) grown at 80–750 °C by ion‐beam sputter deposition: Crystal growth, doping, and electronic properties

Epitaxial undoped and Sb‐doped Si films have been grown on Si(001) substrates at temperatures Ts between 80 and 750 °C by ultrahigh‐vacuum Kr+‐ion‐beam sputter deposition (IBSD). Critical epitaxial thicknesses te in undoped films were found to range from 8 nm at Ts=80 °C to ≳1.2 μm at Ts≥300 °C, while Sb incorporation probabilities σSb varied from unity at Ts≲550 °C to ≂0.1 at 750 °C. These te and σSb values are approximately one and one to three orders of magnitude, respectively, higher than reported results achieved with molecular‐beam epitaxy. Temperature‐dependent transport measurements carried out on 1‐μm‐thick Sb‐doped IBSD layers grown at Ts≥350 °C showed that Sb was incorporated into substitutional sites with complete electrical activity and that electron mobilities in films grown at Ts≥400 °C were equal to the best reported results for bulk Si.
Effects Of Propagation, Transverse Mode Coupling, Diffraction, And Fluctuations On Superfluorescence Evolution

Using proven computational methods developed to efficiently treat transverse and longitudinal dynamic reshaping associated with single-stream propagation effects in cooperative light-matter interactions, a realistic superfluorescence (SF) theory was constructed in close collaboration with experimentalists. A semi-classical model based on the Maxwell-Bloch equa-tions (which rigorously encompasses diffraction, transverse density variations and inhomoge-neous broadening) is used. Furthermore, the medium initiation is stimulated by a coherent pulse of an area θ0 which varies radially, propagates along the rod axis and tips the indi-vidual Bloch vectors over an angle θ0 from its upright position. This effective initiation is treated in using either (a) an homogeneous average tipping angle or (b) instantaneous longitudinal and transverse fluctuations. The Cs datas are correctly simulated for the first time.* Important remark At this time, I wish to express my appreciation and give credit to Gibbs, McCall and Feld for their many contributions in the form of numerous relevant discussions, preparatory ana-lytical work and help in selecting details of realistic models based on their close contact with laboratory results. In addition, Dr Gibbs' participation in carrying the calculations accelerated the rate of progress in my research. Let me take this occasion to thank Dr. Gibbs, Dr. McCall and Dr. Feld for their energetic and enthousiastic collaboration.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effect of ethanol or sorbitol on glucose production from pyruvate in isolated hepatocytes from 48-hour fasted guinea-pigs.

Abstract 1. 1. Hepatocytes isolated from 48-hour, fasted guinea-pigs were incubated with glucose precursors to compare relative rates of glucose production. 2. 2. Glucose production from lactate and pyruvate was similar (2.61 vs 3.18 μmol/hr per 100 mg wet weight). 3. 3. Glucose production from fructose was greater than that from sorbitol (4.68 vs 1.63 μmol/hr per 100 mg wet weight). 4. 4. When ethanol was added to pyruvate-containing buffer, the flux of pyruvate to glucose and lactate was synergistically enhanced (5.28 vs 3.76 and 7.51 vs 2.88 μmol/hr per 100 mg wet weight, respectively). 5. 5. When sorbitol was added to buffer containing pyruvate, glucose and lactate production were even greater than that seen with ethanol (8.32 vs 5.38 and 15.99 vs 7.51 μmol/hr per 100 mg wet weight, respectively).
Effects of unsolvable anagrams on retention

During Phase 1, 51 college students received 40 nonsense syllables to memorize (free recall). During Phase 2, 17 students received unsolvable anagrams (Group USA), 17 students received solvable anagrams (Group SA), and 17 received a blank piece of paper on which to write an autobiographical essay (Group E). During Phase 3, Group USA recalled significantly fewer Phase 1 nonsense syllables than did Groups SA and E, both of which recalled approximately the same number of nonsense syllables. The results support previous animal research, which shows that uncontrollable tasks interfere with the retention of a previously learned response.
Factors affecting angiotensin II-induced hypothermia in rats

Abstract Systemic administration of angiotensin II (AII) to the rat has previously been shown to induce a dose-dependent, hypothermic response manifested by a fall in colonic temperature (CT), a decrease in heat production and an increase in tail skin temperature (TST). The factors mediating AII-induced hypothermia and their site of action were the subjects of the present investigation. To this end, intracerebroventricular administration of 1 μg of AII induced a 0.4°C reduction in CT and a 2.4°C increase in TST. In contrast, SC administration of 200 μg angiotensin III/kg induced a slight increase in CT but had no affect on TST. Pretreatment with the AII-receptor antagonist, saralasin, at either 1 or 10 μg/kg, SC did not affect either the fall in CT or the increase in TST induced by administration of 200 μg AII/kg, SC. However, the administration of 100 μg saralasin/kg, SC attenuated both the fall in CT and the increase in TST induced by either 100 or 200 μg AII/kg. Since both the presynaptic alpha adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and the opioid antagonist, naloxone, modulate the pressor and dipsogenic responses to AII, their effects on AII-induced hypothermia were tested. Both clonidine (25 μg/kg, SC) and naloxone (1 mg/kg, IP) enhanced the fall in CT. Clonidine lengthened the duration of the increase in TST while naloxone had no effect. Pretreatment with the presynaptic adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (300 μg/kg, SC), did not alter the hypothermic response to administration of AII. To determine whether vasodilation of the tail of the rat was mediated by AII-induced prostaglandin release, indomethacin (4 and 6 mg/kg) was administered. The increase in TST accompanying administration of AII was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin, while the fall in CT was actually augmented. Thus, the mechanisms by which AII induces hypothermia appear to be specific, yet different from those mediating the dipsogenic and pressor responses to AII.
Finite state modeling of mobile robots for complexity determination

Development of software for autonomous ground vehicles has been a mission critical issue for army. For the last two decades, different definitions of software complexity have been proposed. However, no definition has been found to be highly satisfactory. So in this report, a new definition of software complexity based on the rank of a matrix of a finite sequential machine has been proposed. Software has been developed to determine the complexity, so that it could be used in the early stages of software development from the data flow architecture to save cost and development efforts. We have shown the examples of data flow architecture and then complexity calculation based on our software. It is hoped that the results in this paper will help software development to address reliability and complexity issues of autonomous ground vehicle in a better way to assist research in defense and security for such missions.
A comparison of enzyme patterns in the granular and molecular layers of the rabbit cerebellar cortex.

Abstract (1) Homogenates of hand-dissected granular and molecular layers of the cerebellar cortex of the rabbit were prepared and the following enzymes assayed: acetylcholinesterase, succinate-INT-reductase, particulate α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, glutamine synthetase and glutamic decarboxylase. Except for α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase which was higher in the granular layer, all of the other activities showed higher values in the molecular layer. (2) Differential centrifugation of the homogenates into the nuclear, heavy particulate, microsomal and soluble fractions yielded peaks of relative specific activity of acetylcholinesterase in the microsomal, of glutamic decarboxylase in the soluble and the heavy particulate, of succinate-INT-reductase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase in the heavy particulate and of glutamine synthetase in no single fraction. (3) Further separation of the heavy particulate fraction was accomplished by discontinuous gradient density centrifugation which yielded 5 fractions including a pellet. The distribution of glutamic decarboxylase and morphological evidence adduced previously20 make it possible to state that the system of excitatory synapses sedimented predominantly into fractions 0.8 M and 1.0 M of the molecular layer and fractions 1.2 M and 1.4 M of the granular layer. The distribution of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme predominantly associated with glial mitochondria29, further suggested an equal extent of contamination of the molecular and granular layers by glial cells. (4) This study also provides a finding of general interest, inasmuch as it reveals that, by prior physical separation of the granular and molecular layers followed by their differential and density gradient centrifugation, it is possible to achieve a partial separation, although by no means a purification, of their excitatory and inhibitory synaptic complexes.
The location of the first side branch instabilty during directional solidification

The physical location of the first side branch instability during steady state directional solidification is studied. A new model which allows for the coarsening of the dendrite is considered for the prediction of the location of the first perturbation. The accepted growth law for liquid phase sintering is integrated into the existing dendrite model. Thus, it is inferred that the dendrite fixes its tip radius because of marginal stability considerations, but the coarsening driven solute flow modifies the concentration gradient experienced by the dendrite envelope thereby influencing the location of the first secondary instability. A test of the model for the succinonitrile-acetone system is carried out by comparing the predicted behavior with the numerous experimental measurements previously reported. A reasonable match of the calculated values for the location of the first side branch instability in relation to the dendrite tip, is noted when compared with the experimentally measured numbers.
Leisure Today: Managing Leisure Services: A New Ecology of Leadership toward the Year 2000

(1997). Leisure Today: Managing Leisure Services: A New Ecology of Leadership toward the Year 2000. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 68, No. 8, pp. 29-31.
Calvinism and psychoanalysis: A comparative study

Although the title of this essay suggests a comparison of psychoanalysis and Calvinism, I have chosen to compare primarily the two leaders of these movements. On many points they shared similar beliefs. Certain of these areas have been highlighted and discussed briefly: ascetic tendencies, work, religion, concepts of God and of man, actions as symptoms, and predestination and determinism.
An Introduction to Design Optimality with an Overview of the Literature.

A brief introduction to oprimal design theorv is given for those who are not familiar with the subject. A list of 312 selected articles on the theory of optimal design is provided. The bibliography should be sufficiently thorough to be of use to researchers in the field.
Effect of cotton pectin content and bioscouring on alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride adsorption:

Previous research has shown that both the rate and the total amount of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (ADBAC) exhausted from a bulk solution of ADBAC are significantly greater for greige c...
Theatrum Mundi and Keats's Otho the Great: The Self in “Saciety”

(1984). Theatrum Mundi and Keats's Otho the Great: The Self in “Saciety”. Romanticism Past and Present: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 35-50.
Absent inferior mesenteric vein as a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding: The first reported case in the literature

To date, absent inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) has not been reported in the literature as a cause of or being associated with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We describe a case of 13 year-old girl who presented with hematochezia and was subsequently found to have widespread colonic varices involving the ascending, transverse and proximal descending colon. The upper GI tract, small bowel, and rectum were not involved. Delayed venous phase of mesenteric angiography revealed an absent inferior mesenteric vein. The patient underwent laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy with ileosigmoid anastomosis. No bleeding from recurrent varices occurred during a 1-year period of follow up. We conclude that extended right hemicolectomy is a potential curative surgical option in patients presenting with lower GI bleeding from colonic varices caused by absent IMV. Upper GI and small intestinal involvement should be excluded to prevent future bleeding from missed varices these sites.
An augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimizer for building cluster operation decisions

Flowchart of AMOPSO ("S1": non-uniform mutation-based method; "S2": sub-gradient method). A bi-level operation decision framework based on an augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AMOPSO) is proposed.The proposed AMOPSO algorithm outperforms the nine state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.The proposed decision framework is able to derive Pareto solutions for building cluster which could significantly reduce energy cost.Compare to a memetic algorithm based decision framework, the proposed decision framework could significantly reduce computational cost. It is envisioned that other than the grid-building communication, the smart buildings could potentially treat connected neighborhood buildings as a local buffer thus forming a local area energy network through the smart grid. As the hardware technology is in place, what is needed is an intelligent algorithm that coordinates a cluster of buildings to obtain Pareto decisions on short time scale operations. Research has proposed a memetic algorithm (MA) based framework for building cluster operation decisions and it demonstrated the framework is capable of deriving the Pareto solutions on an 8-h operation horizon and reducing overall energy costs. While successful, the memetic algorithm is computational expensive which limits its application to building operation decisions on an hourly time scale. To address this challenge, we propose a particle swarm framework, termed augmented multi-objective particle swarm optimization (AMOPSO). The performance of the proposed AMOPSO in terms of solution quality and convergence speed is improved via the fusion of multiple search methods. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare the proposed AMOPSO with nine multi-objective PSO algorithms (MOPSOs) and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) collected from the literature. Results demonstrate that AMOPSO outperforms the nine state-of-the-art MOPSOs and MOEAs in terms of epsilon, spread, and hypervolume indicator. A building cluster case is then studied to show that the AMOPSO based decision framework is able to make hourly based operation decisions which could significantly improve energy efficiency and achieve more energy cost savings for the smart buildings.
Artemisinin: Discovery from the Chinese Herbal Garden

This year's Lasker DeBakey Clinical Research Award goes to Youyou Tu for the discovery of artemisinin and its use in the treatment of malaria—a medical advance that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world.
The Nature Of Glasses

Most elements can be used as constituents of inorganic glasses. Oxides of the elements are most widely used because of their stability, economic availability, and important contributions to physical properties of the glasses. Silicate glasses contain substantial amounts of Si02 in combination with other oxides such as B203, PbO, Al203, CaO, and so on. These have received the most extensive use in products. A review of the nature of silicate glasses and their property behavior serves well as an introduction to all types of oxide glasses. These glasses are products of fusion. They can be cooled to room temperature without crystallizing and are characterized as supercooled materials. Their properties, therefore, are determined by time-temperature conditions during their formation as well as chemical composition and temperature at the time properties are measured. Glasses are essentially solids at room temperature with high elastic constants and useful dielectric constants. As temperature is increased they take on more and more the behavior of viscous liquids; their dielectric constants increase and they become electrolytic conductors. These characteristics of glasses are reviewed in terms of selected electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal property data.
Linear Tricationic Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Synthesis, Physiochemical Properties, and Electrowetting Properties

Efficient and facile synthesis of novel linear tricationic room-temperature ionic liquids was performed, and their physiochemical properties were determined. Different physiochemical properties were observed according to the structural variations such as the cationic moiety and the counteranion of the ionic liquid. The electrowetting properties of these ionic liquids were also investigated, and linear tricationic ionic liquids were shown to be advantageous as effective electrowetting materials due to their high structural flexibility.
KLF4 and SOX9 Transcription Factors Antagonize β-Catenin and Inhibit TCF-Activity In Cancer Cells

The transcriptional activator β-catenin is a key mediator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. β-catenin itself does not bind DNA but functions via interaction with T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid-enhancing factor (LEF) transcription factors. Thus, in the case of active Wnt signaling, β-catenin, in cooperation with TCF/LEF proteins family, activates the expression of a wide variety of genes. To date, the list of established β-catenin interacting targets is far from complete. In this study, we aimed to establish the interaction between β-catenin and transcription factors that might affect TCF activity. We took advantage of EMSA, using TCF as a probe, to screen oligonucleotides known to bind specific transcription factors that might dislodge or antagonize β-catenin/TCF binding. We found that Sox9 and KLF4 antagonize β-catenin/TCF binding in HEK293, A549, SW480, and T47D cells. This inhibition of TCF binding was concentration-dependent and correlated to the in vitro TCF-luciferase functional assays. Overexpression of Sox9 and KLF4 transcription factors in cancer cells shows a concentration-dependent reduction of TCF-luciferase as well as the TCF-binding activities. In addition, we demonstrated that both Sox9 and KLF4 interact with β-catenin in an immunoprecipitation assay and reduce its binding to TCF4. Together, these results demonstrate that Sox9 and KLF4 transcription factors antagonize β-catenin/TCF in cancer cells.
Human variability and susceptibility to trichloroethylene.

Although humans vary in their response to chemicals, comprehensive measures of susceptibility have generally not been incorporated into human risk assessment. The U.S. EPA dose-response-based risk assessments for cancer and the RfD/RfC (reference dose-reference concentration) approach for noncancer risk assessments are assumed to protect vulnerable human subgroups. However, these approaches generally rely on default assumptions and do not consider the specific biological basis for potential susceptibility to a given toxicant. In an effort to focus more explicitly on this issue, this article addresses biological factors that may affect human variability and susceptibility to trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used halogenated industrial solvent. In response to Executive Order 13045, which requires federal agencies to make protection of children a high priority in implementing their policies and to take special risks to children into account when developing standards, this article examines factors that may affect risk of exposure to TCE in children. The influence of genetics, sex, altered health state, coexposure to alcohol, and enzyme induction on TCE toxicity are also examined.
A comparison of semiconductor devices for high-speed logic

The bipolar transistor and FET are compared, considering both today's most advanced implementations and "ultimate" scaled-down devices. The differences between the devices are quantified in terms of transconductance and intrinsic speed. Old limits are re-examined and ways of extending the devices toward their ultimate in performance are proposed. While the major emphasis is on silicon, a comparison is made with the GaAs MESFET. Other semiconductor devices are discussed in the context of "bipolar-like" and "FET-like" devices, and the HEMT is considered a very promising candidate for high-speed logic. While Josephson junction logic is not discussed at length, it is a continual point of reference. In addition to comparing devices, the on-chip wiring environment is discussed, especially concerning its impact on power-delay products.
Motor reorganization in multiple sclerosis

Abstract Objective: To assess intra-hemispheric and interhemispheric reorganization of motor activation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Motor reorganization may contribute to minimizing motor deficits after demyelination in MS. Methods: We used surface-based analysis to study functional organization for motor function in ten healthy controls and in 15 MS subjects. Results and discussion: In MS subjects, activation in the right hemisphere (ipsilateral to the hand moved) was significantly increased compared with control subjects. We interpreted this increase as interhemispheric reorganization of motor activation. The increases in right hemisphere activation were the greatest in the pre-motor cortex (Brodmann area 6) and the cognitive areas. Within the left hemisphere, contralateral to the right hand, total motor activation was not increased and the centroid of activation was not displaced when MS subjects were compared with controls. However, we found that MS subjects with high MS plaque loads showed an anterio...
Equity and the core

Abstract Equal treatment of identical individuals cannot generally be guaranteed in nonreplicant economies. This has led some to label the core as inequitable. We show that a variety of fairness axioms far more stringent than equal treatment are embraced by replicant refinements of the core. Furthermore, adopting an average perspective suggests that every core allocation may be considered equitable. These results are established without the imposition of monotonicity or continuity constraints on consumer preferences.
Flickering Light: A History of Neon. By Christoph Ribbat. Translated by Anthony Mathews. (London, England: Reaktion Books, 2013. Pp. vii, 222. $30.00.)

This book offers a concise cultural history of neon that emphasizes its “force as a metaphor” in the story of modernity (20). Because neon can be interpreted in different ways and has figured in bo...
Determination of helix-helix interactions in membranes by rotational resonance NMR.

Abstract Dimerization of human glycophorin A in erythrocyte membranes is mediated by specific interactions within the helical transmembrane domain of the protein. Rotational resonance NMR provides a unique approach for obtaining high-resolution structural data in membrane systems and has been used to establish intermolecular contacts in the glycophorin A dimer by using hydrophobic peptides that correspond to the transmembrane sequence. Magnetization exchange rates were measured between [13C]methyl labels in the hydrophobic sequence -G79-V80-M81-A82-G83-V84- located in the middle of the transmembrane domain and specific [13C]carbonyl labels along the peptide backbone across the dimer interface. Significant magnetization exchange was observed only between V80 (13CH3) and G79 (13C = O) and between V84 (13CH3) and G83 (13C = O), indicating that these residues are packed in the dimer interface in a "ridges-ingrooves" arrangement.
A fast algorithm for the Cyber 205 to simulate the 3D Ising model

We describe a computer program that performs the Metropolis algorithm for the 3D Ising model at a peak speed of 98 million spin updates per second on a 2-pipe CDC Cyber 205. This speed is achieved using the special vector capabilities of the Cyber 205 and multispin coding techniques.
New media technology and youth: trends in the evolution of new media

Abstract An information environment is emerging from the simultaneous, rapid, and interconnected evolution of transmission systems, interfaces, and content quantity, quality, and structure. It will be easy to underestimate the collective impact of the sum of these changes on how young people communicate and absorb information. Ultimately, it will be more important to understand how these technologies will facilitate, amplify, or alter the cognitive processes and/or social behavior of the Internet generation. The article analyzes the impact of the following trends on media use and cognition among youthful users: • Information expansion and overload: Accessible networked information will continue to grow at a rapid pace for at least the next 10–20 years. • Rapid increase in interface diffusion: The number of access points into the Internet is expanding in number, variety, and mobility. • Evolution toward more embodied computing: Interfaces are evolving to use more of the sensorimotor system to transfer information to and from the user. • The evolution of more intelligent sensors to interpret use behavior and intentions. • Evolution toward anthropomorphic agent techniques: Computers are evolving to use more social and interpersonal communication techniques to interact with the user.
Social Comparison in Medically High‐Risk Pregnant Women1

The present study examined social comparison processes in 147 pregnant women at high risk of incurring an adverse birth outcome such as fetal loss or preterm delivery. These women typically undergo physical and psychological changes which elevate uncertainty and distress. Theoretically derived hypotheses concerning the impact of threat, self-esteem, perceived control, age, and gravidity (previous pregnancy) on social comparison were tested. Women experiencing low pregnancy-related threat and those with higher self-esteem were more likely to compare themselves favorably to other pregnant women. Younger women who had not been pregnant before compared most frequently; comparisons of physical state were more common than comparisons of emotional well-being or interpersonal relationships. Results are contrasted with social comparison processes in other populations facing stressful life events.
Studies in procollagen. II. Viscosity and molecular weight

Abstract 1. 1. Procollagen, obtained by citrate-buffer extractions of rabbit skin has a number-average molecular weight (by osmometry) of 74,000 and a weight-average molecular weight (by light scattering) of the order of 10 7 . 2. 2. In citrate buffer, pH 3.0, procollagen has an intrinsic viscosity of 15.0 at 0 ° and 11.0 (after “aging”) at 30 °. Procollagen obtained from rat skin closely resembles rabbit procollagen and has about the same intrinsic viscosity and osmotic molecular weight. 3. 3. It is considered possible that procollagen solutions contain a temperature-sensitive equilibrium mixture of monomer molecules and very large aggregates, with the viscosity due mainly to the large aggregates. High temperature and urea addition cause the intrinsic viscosity of procollagen to decline to values below 1.0, probably due to dissociation of the large aggregates to monomeric units. Reaggregation may occur with time and also with dialysis against neutral buffer. 4. 4. The relation of procollagen to fibrillar collagen may be that of monomer to polymer with the added participation of other substances such as glycoprotein, mucopolysaccharide, adenosine triphosphate, etc. The possible existence in vivo of a dynamic reversible system of procollagen aggregates is considered.
The hadronic current in tau lepton decay to two pseudoscalar mesons

I report on studies of the invariant mass spectra of the hadronic systems in the decays τ− → π−π0ντ and τ− → KS0π−ντ. These studies were performed using data obtained with the CLEO-II detector operating at the CESR e+e− collider. In addition to results from fits to phenomenological models, I present comparisons with data on e+e− → π+π− as a test of CVC.
Multimodal imaging of recovery of functional networks associated with reversal of paradoxical herniation after cranioplasty

Cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy is reported to result in improved blood flow, cerebral metabolism, and concomitant neurological recovery. We used multimodal functional imaging technology to study a patient with marked neurological recovery after cranioplasty. Resting-state networks and auditory responses obtained with functional MRI and cerebral metabolism obtained with PET before and after cranioplasty revealed significant functional changes that were correlated with the subject's neurological recovery. Our results suggest a link between recovery of behavior, cerebral metabolism, and resting-state networks following cranioplasty.
Word Identification in Noise.

Speech intelligibility has traditionally been measured by presenting words mixed in noise to listeners for identification at several different signal-to-noise ratios. The words are produced in isolation or in sentence contexts where the predictability of specific items can be varied. Psychometric functions are typically obtained relating signal-to-noise ratio to percent correct recognition. Error analyses are often carried out by examining response confusions to construct similarity spaces for words which reflect their perceptual organisation and acoustic-phonetic similarity. When using these techniques to measure speech discrimination or speech intelligibility in an open-set format, the recognition score obtained reflects the combined influence of both the sensory information encoded in the speech signal as well as the listener's decision process and response biases. Despite this limitation, the procedure has strong face validity as a measure of word recognition performance in normal-hearing listeners as...
HEALTH CARE TRANSITIONS: A REVIEW OF INTEGRATED, INTEGRATIVE, AND INTEGRATION CONCEPTS

In this article, several views of the terms integration, integrated, and integrative are considered with the hopes that this brief review will help to raise awareness, clarify various uses of these terms, and add to the continuing discussion of integration and how we might improve health care. Models of integrative care, views of integration, and samples of different interpretations and definitions are offered.