cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reactive electrospinning approach for nanoporous PLA/monetite nanocomposite fibers

Abstract Nanoporous fibers of PLA/monetite nanocomposite were fabricated using a reactive electrospinning approach using appropriate precursors. Monetite is formed in-situ during the electrospinning of PLA matrix. The crystal phase and morphological structure of the monetite/PLA fibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope. The monetite particles were uniformly distributed through the electrospun fibers. Water and heat were produced during the formation of monetite as by-products. Both water and heat had the ability to modify the surface of the electrospun PLA/monetite fibers. Water induced pore formation (WIPF) was the most likely mechanism to explain the pore formation during the reactive electrospinning process. Electrospinning parameters such as feed rate, spinning voltage and monetite contents in the composite fibers were correlated to pore formation in the fibers. The feed rate had a significant effect on the pore formation. There was a little decrease in the value of the BET surface area for the fibers electrospun at high rate compared to that of the fibers electrospun at low rate. At low spinning voltage of 10 kV, most surfaces were nonporous. However, at a greater voltage (e.g. 26 kV) the number of pores increased on the surfaces. As the monetite contents increased, the pores were produced in a longitudinal shape and surface became rough. The final morphology of the pore formation implies a competition between the amounts of the generated by-product water and heat. By controlling the electrospinning parameter, it is possibly to manipulate fibers with the controlled pore area.
Sphenoid sinus mucocele.

• Sphenoid sinus mucocele is a rare entity that can occur alone or as a result of ethmoid sinusitis and polyposis. A myriad of presentations is possible due to the presence of important contiguous neurologic and vascular structures. Past surgical approaches to the sphenoid sinus have problems associated with them. The endoscopic sinus technique offers outstanding visualization and a safe, straightforward approach to the sphenoid sinus. Four patients with documented mucocele of the sphenoid sinus were treated successfully with endoscopic sinus surgery. The technique involves partial removal of the inferior middle turbinate and direct entrance into the sphenoid sinus through the anterior sinus wall. Other sinus abnormalities can be treated simultaneously as required. Sphenoid sinus mucocele is discussed from the standpoint of cause, clinical presentation, and treatment options. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:735-740)
Random Vibration Monte Carlo Simulation Using Multiple Harmonic Function Schemes

The reliability study of structures under random vibration involves the performance of Monte Carlo simulation in time domain. One important part of such analyses is the generation of load time histories that must accurately represent the characteristics of the stochastic loads. There are several methods to generate time histories from a power spectral density (PSD) function. One common approach is based on the linear combination of harmonic functions with random amplitudes and fixed frequencies. This method requires considering numerous harmonic terms to simulate the target PSD function. In this paper, a new approach is presented to improve the performance of Monte Carlo simulation under random vibration when the excitation is represented by a PSD function. This goal is accomplished by refreshing the frequencies for every new time history of excitation. This can considerably reduce the number of replications that are required to perform a Monte Carlo simulation. The method is demonstrated through an example which involves a linear quarter car model.
COGNITIVE INTERPRETATION OF PRE IN A DISCRIMINATION SITUATION: PRELIMINARY REPORT.

An experiment was undertaken to test a cognitive interpretation of PRE. Two groups (50% and 100%) were trained in the selection of a black object presented alone. Subsequently, the black object was paired with a white object for both groups; the black object was now negative and the white object was consistently reinforcing. On the basis of a cognitive hypothesis it was predicted that the learning of the black-white discrimination would be facilitated in the 50% group, relative to the 100% group. The prediction was confirmed. Experiments were suggested for testing the generality of the cognitive hypothesis in the usual discrimination and discrimination-reversal situation.
Aprotinin concentration varies significantly according to cardiopulmonary bypass conditions.

Although aprotinin is partially excreted unchanged in the urine, its primary site of metabolism is in the renal lysosomes following proximal tubule resorption. This study tested the hypothesis that plasma aprotinin concentration varies with cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. Thirty-two piglets (weight 13.2 ± 1.9 kg) received an aprotinin initial dose of 30,000 KIU/kg, a maintenance infusion of 10,000 KIU/kg/h, with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime of 30,000 KIU/kg. Aprotinin infusion was terminated at the end of CPB and stopped during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). Piglets were randomized to four groups (n = 8 per group): HCA, 60-minute period at 15°C; low-flow (LF), 10 mL/kg/min low-flow CPB at 25°C; full flow (FF), full flow CPB at 37°C; control at 37°C without CPB. Blood samples were collected at 7 time points: after induction of anesthesia (baseline), after initial dose, 10, 50 and 115 min after start of CPB, just before end of CPB and 30 min after CPB. Plasma aprotinin levels were determin...
Compressed-liquid dielectric constants and derived excess volumes for binary and ternary mixtures of N2, Ar, CH4, and C2H6

Abstract A dielectric-constant technique has been used to determine liquid-mixture excess volumes for some binary and ternary mixtures of nitrogen, argon, methane, and ethane. Binary mixture V E′ s were determined at mole fractions of about 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, while ternary mixtures were studied only at mole fractions 1 3 . Temperatures ranged from 91 to 115 K with pressures from near saturation to 50 MPa (or to the lowest of the freezing pressures of the components). Dielectric constants and derived V E′ s are presented in terms of correlating equations which in all cases fit the experimental results within estimated uncertainties. The V E′ s are in good agreement with previous results, which are mostly at low pressures. Values of the change in isothermal compressibility on mixing are readily derived from the results. This property is shown to be a major contribution to the mixture isothermal compressibility at low pressures for most of the systems studied.
The energy distribution cross section in threshold electron-atom impact ionization

The flatness of the energy differential cross section in impact ionization is derived analytically in the Wannier theory. However it is shown that the Wannier zone is confined to a region of the order E/5 is less than or equal to epsilon is less than or equal to 4E/5, where E is the available energy and epsilon is the energy of the electrons. By contrasting the known results of photoionization and photodetachment, one can cogently argue that in the complementary region where electrons share their energy very unequally the cross section rises to a value independent of E, and that this region determines the form of the threshold law.
Configuration mixing in the interacting boson model

Abstract We present a new, general technique for providing a quantitative description of configuration mixing in nuclei. The technique uses the Interacting Boson Model to make separate descriptions of the different configurations, which are then mixed using an appropriate mixing hamiltonian. An example is given using the mercury isotopes.
The world of designing women: A narrative account of focus group plans for a women's university

(1996). The world of designing women: A narrative account of focus group plans for a women's university. Communication Education: Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 330-337.
Rapid improvement in post-infectious gastroparesis symptoms with mirtazapine

We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with severe post-infectious gastroparesis who was transferred from an outside medical facility for a second opinion regarding management. This patient had no prior history of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in the aftermath of a viral illness, she developed two months of intractable nausea, vomiting, and oral intake intolerance that resulted in numerous hospitalizations for dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. A solid-phase gastric emptying scan had confirmed delayed emptying, confirming gastroparesis. Unfortunately, conventional pro-kinetic agents and numerous anti-emetic drugs provided little or no relief of the patient’s symptoms. At our institution, the patient experienced a cessation of vomiting, reported a significant reduction in nausea, and tolerated oral intake shortly after taking mirtazapine. Based on mirtazapine’s primary action as a serotonin (5-HT) 1a receptor agonist, we infer that this receptor system mediated the clinical improvement through a combination of peripheral and central neural mechanisms. This report highlights the potential utility of 5-HT1a agonists in the management of nausea and vomiting. We conclude that mirtazapine may be effective in treating symptoms associated with non-diabetic gastroparesis that are refractory to conventional therapies.
Implications of enhanced mesospheric water vapor observed by HALOE

Recently reprocessed water vapor data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the UARS satellite show significant deviations from the expected constant value of 2*CH4 + H2O. An unusual enhancement in the H2O is seen from 65–70 km which exceeds the stratospheric the value of 2*CH4 + H2O by 0.6–0.8 ppmv. This is inconsistent with the conventional view of transport of H2O and CH4 up from the lower stratosphere and photodissociation in the mesosphere and suggests the presence of another source of H2O. We re-evaluate the hypothesis that there is an extraterrestrial source of water deposited at mesospheric altitudes. The HALOE data above 60 km provide stringent new constraints on the magnitude and altitude of such a source, but cannot rule out the possibility of a small contribution in the middle mesosphere.
Current Density Scaling in Electrochemical Flow Capacitors

The electrochemical flow capacitor is a new energy storage technology that has gained interest for grid-scale applications. 1‐4 EFCs store energy by charging the double layers that exist at the interfaces between the particles and an electrolyte solution in a flowable slurry electrode.Theslurryparticleswiththeirchargedsurfacesarethensubsequently transferred to external tanks for energy storage. The stored energy can be recovered by pumping these particles back through the cell during discharge. As is the case for flow batteries, external storage of the charged slurry allows for decoupling of power and energy capacity. A schematic of a four-tank EFC is shown in Figure 1. This design consists of two half cells separated by a membrane. The membrane prevents electronic charge transfer between the negative and positive half-cells but permits the exchange of ions. During charging, slurry is pumped from tanks of uncharged particles through the cell in order to be charged; after passing through the cell this slurry is then stored in a separate set of tanks for charged particles. For this four-tank implementation, discharge then requires reversal of the pumps to redirect the charged particles back into the cell. This approach requires the double layer capacity of the entire slurry flow to be charged as fully as possible upon leaving the cell (i.e. the slurry needs to be fully utilized such that all of the available surfaces are charged to half of the voltage applied across the entire EFC cell). This four-tank approach allows immediate extraction of energy at the charging potential as all of the stored slurry at any point in time is fully charged. However, the necessity of fully charging the entire slurry stream can place severe restrictions on the maximum achievable current density. An alternative two-tank approach, 5 foregoes the separate storage tanks for the charged and uncharged slurries and instead operates in a continuous mode. This approach is similar to the charging/discharging of conventional (non-flowing) capacitors. When operating in this mode larger currents are possible as it is no longer necessary to maintain full utilization of the slurry that passes through the cell. Immediate extraction of current at the full charging potential, however, is not possible as the stored slurry in the positive and negative tanks is not necessarily fully charged at any given time. In both of these EFC implementations, the steady state current that results from a specific combination of flow rate, charging voltage, slurry properties, and cell dimensions is the performance metric of interest. In analogy to heat and mass transfer, this steady state current has been shown to be controlled by the formation of boundary layers of the overpotential as the slurry passes through the cell. 6 In general, the potentiostatic charging of an EFC is therefore very similar to the Graetz problem 7 from heat transfer. The Graetz problem involves
Enhancing the Performance of Active Shape Models in Face Recognition Applications

Biometric features in face recognition systems are one of the most reliable and least intrusive alternatives for personal identity authentication. Active shape model (ASM) is an adaptive shape matching technique that has been used often for locating facial features in face images. However, the performance of ASM can degrade substantially in the presence of noise or near the face frame contours. In this correspondence, we propose a new ASM landmark selection scheme to improve the ASM performance in face recognition applications. The proposed scheme selects robust landmark points where relevant facial features are found and assigns higher weights to their corresponding features in the face classification stage. The experimental results are promising and indicate that our approach tends to enhance the performance of ASM, leading to improvements in the final face classification results.
Life cycle of Dendrolaelaps neodisetus (Mesostigmata: Digamasellidae), a nematophagous mite associated with pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Dendrolaelaps neodisetus (Hurlbutt) completed its development in 144 to 312 h at 25°C. Longevity of adults ranged from 14 to 105 days for females and 11 to 113 days for males. After a preoviposition period of 1 to 2 days, females laid an average of 3.38 ± 0.47 eggs per day, with a maximum of 68 for any individual. Hatching varied from 48 to 168 h. Larval and protonymphal instars lasted 24 to 120 and 24 to 96 h, respectively. Some individuals remained in the deutonymphal (phoretic) stage for 6 to 119 days, whereas others molted to adults after 24 to 96 h. All active instars preyed on nematodes.
Efficient two-photon-resonant frequency conversion in mercury: the effects of amplified spontaneous emission

Numerical modeling of two-photon-resonant sum-frequency mixing in mercury vapor predicts efficiencies >10% for generation of 130.2-nm oxygen resonance light. The modeling indicates that power broadening of the two-photon resonance due to amplified spontaneous emission from the pumped level strongly influences the mixing process. Measurements of the broadening and the efficiencies for difference-frequency mixing are presented as a check of the model calculations.
DISCOURSE OR COGNITION: AN INTRODUCTION TO DISCURSIVE PSYCHOLOGY

The author reviewed the dominant cognitive psychology (CP) account of human thinking and three lines of critique. Discursive Psychology (DP) is then used to draw contrasts with CP. Next, three practical implications of a DP approach to the task of therapy are described and a brief case example of DP-informed treatment is provided. Last, three criticisms of DP are discussed along with future prospects.
Environmental pollutant and necropsy data for ospreys from the eastern United States, 1975-1982.

Twenty-three ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) found dead or moribund in the eastern United States during 1975–1982 were necropsied and selected tissues were analyzed for organo-chlorines and metals. Major causes or factors contributing to death were trauma, impact injuries, and emaciation. DDE was detected in 96% of the osprey carcasses, DDD in 65%, DDT and heptachlor epoxide in 13%, dieldrin, oxychlordane, and cis-nonachlor in 35%, cis-chlordane in 52%, trans-nonachlor in 45%, and PCB's in 83%. Carcasses of immature ospreys from the Chesapeake Bay had significantly lower concentrations of DDE, DDD + DDT, cis-chlordane, and PCB's than carcasses of adults from the same area. Concentrations of some organochlorines in ospreys from the Chesapeake Bay declined significantly from 1971–1973 to 1975–1982. Significant differences in concentrations of certain metals in the ospreys' livers were noted between time periods, and sex and age groups for birds from the Chesapeake Bay. During 1975–1982, adults had significantly...
Tobacco mosaic virus--a calcium-magnesium coordination complex.

Abstract The distribution of absorbance and virus activity between pelleted and supernatant virus fractions is shown for tobacco mosaic virus prepared in deionized water after three to five cycles of differential ultracentrifugation in an average centrifugal field of 78,400 g for 90 minutes at 4°. From 10 to 30% of the previously pelleted virus becomes relatively nonsedimentable during the third or fourth centrifugal cycles. A method of ashing and analysis of the pelleted virus and of the various supernatant fractions for potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese is reported. Both pelleted and noncompacted tobacco mosaic virus prepared by the procedures described are primarily calcium-magnesium virus although significant quantities of potassium, sodium, iron, and manganese are also present. Because the cation composition of tobacco mosaic virus bears no direct relationship to that of the plant juice from which the virus is obtained and is relatively constant during different ultracentrifugal cycles, the virus must be considered as a relatively undissociated coordination complex involving not only ribonucleic acid and protein, but considerable amounts of calcium and magnesium as well.
Studies on the lipid class and higher fatty acid composition in Sinantherina semibullata Thorpe (Aschelminthes)

Abstract 1. 1. The lipid class and fatty acid chain length composition of the colonial rotifier Sinantherina semibullata have been investigated by thin-layer and gas-lipid chromatography. 2. 2. Major lipid classs were free sterol and phospholipid (polar lipid) while minor lipid classes were free fatty acid, triglyceride and sterol ester. Diglycerides were present. 3. 3. Fatty acid chain lengths from less than 14 carbons through at least 28 carbons were found. 4. 4. The lipid constitution of this rotifier is compared to that of selected helminths, plankters and protists.
Effects of low kilovoltage x-rays on cultured human peripheral leukocytes.

Cultured human peripheral leukocytes were irradiated with a beryllium window therapy machine. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance to determine if differences existed between amounts of exposure and time of exposure in the 72 hour culture period. Additionally, the analysis was designed to determine if interactions existed between amount of exposure and time of exposure. A statistically significant linear trend of total aberrations was observed with increasing amounts of radiation at the 0.01 level. Time of irradiation had no effect on the total abberrations.
Effects of missing data on zonal kinetic energy calculations

The effects of missing data upon zonal kinetic energy calculations are investigated by constructing clusters of alternate stations in the vicinity of 59 primary stations in middle latitudes. Reports from these stations are then taken to approximate the missing winds at the primary stations. In the mid-troposphere as much as about seventy percent of the missing primary station reports were eliminated through the use of the alternates. This adjustment failed to detect any large systematic bias in the observed mean wind fields calculated from an original 206 stations of which the 59 were a subset. The missing data had only a marginal influence on other quantitative results.
Joint conditional Gaussian graphical models with multiple sources of genomic data

It is challenging to identify meaningful gene networks because biologicalinteractions are often condition-specific and confounded with externalfactors. It is necessary to integrate multiple sources of genomicdata to facilitate network inference. For example, one can jointlymodel expression datasets measured from multiple tissues with molecularmarker data in so-called genetical genomic studies. In this paper,we propose a joint conditional Gaussian graphical model (JCGGM) that aims for modeling biologicalprocesses based on multiple sources of data. This approach is ableto integrate multiple sources of information by adopting conditionalmodels combined with joint sparsity regularization. We apply our approach to a real dataset measuring gene expression in four tissues(kidney, liver, heart and fat) from recombinant inbred rats. Ourapproach reveals that the liver tissue has the highest level oftissue-specific gene regulations among genes involved in {\it insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway}, followed by heart and fat tissues, and this finding can only be attained from our JCGGM approach.
Visible optical isolator using ZnSe

A compact Faraday effect optical isolator was constructed for visible wavelengths and tested at 5145 A. The nonreciprocal element of the isolator was polycrystalline zinc selenide placed in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. For 5145 A the isolator had a 2.06-dB insertion loss and a 25.5-dB isolation. Indices of refraction and Verdet constants were measured for zinc selenide in the wavelength region from 4700 to 6300 A.
Comparative field water relations of four co-occurring chaparral shrub species.

The seasonal course of water relations was measured in the field in Adenostoma fasciculatum, Quercus dumosa, Ceanothus greggii, and Arctostaphylos glauca, four prominent members of the southern California chaparral vegetation. Ceanothus greggii and A. glauca developed similar seasonal patterns of minimum leaf water potentials, as estimated by xylem pressure measurements, which were much less negative than A. fasciculatum and Q. dumosa growing in close proximity on the same pole-facing slope site. Adenostoma fasciculatum on an adjacent equator-facing slope developed more negative water potentials than did A. fasciculatum on the pole-facing slope.Leaf conductance differed between species, and by leaf age class and slope exposure within a species. The greatest differences were measured between leaf age classes in A. fasciculatum on the pole-facing slope, with new leaves showing the greatest conductances early in the season. The same trend was measured in A. fasciculatum on the equator-facing slope, but the differences were less between leaf age classes and diminished earlier in the season than in A. fasciculatum on the pole-facing slope. The analysis of daily hysteresis in the leaf conductance-water potential relation suggests that early in the season when water is available, stomatal behavior is simultaneously governed by a complex of environmental factors, while late in the season stomatal behavior becomes increasingly dominated by tissue water status.
The hybrid of basic science and clinical training for the urologic oncologist: Necessity or waste?

Abstract Objective To examine the necessity and adequacy of basic science training for urologic oncology training programs. Methods Evaluated whether urology physician scientists are adequately trained in the basic sciences. Results The current urologic oncology training system does not adequately train physician scientists. We propose a major reform to define, train, and maintain the urology physician scientists. Conclusions Urology physician scientists have played a major role in advancement of urologic oncology. Major reform is necessary, if we wish to continue to successfully train urologic oncology physician scientists.
Sclerotherapy-associated esophageal ulcers: lessons from a double-blind, randomized comparison of sucralfate suspension versus placebo

We undertook a double-blind randomized trial to assess whether sucralfate suspension would accelerate healing of sclerotherapy-associated esophageal ulcers. Consecutive patients who underwent sclerotherapy were evaluated. Patients were prospectively endoscoped 4 days (range, 3 to 5 days) after sclerotherapy. Those with ulcers greater than 5 mm in diameter were randomized to receive sucralfate suspension, 4 g/day (10 ml four times a day), or placebo. Endoscopic evaluations were done weekly for the 4 weeks of therapy. Nineteen patients survived long enough to be evaluated; complete ulcer healing was scored as success. Nine patients (13 ulcers) received sucralfate and 10 patients (17 ulcers) received placebo. At the end of 4 weeks, 78% of ulcers in sucralfate-treated patients had healed compared with 40% in the placebo group (p = not significant). Large ulcers were found to heal more slowly (p = 0.03, life table analysis) and small ulcers were disproportionally represented in patients receiving sucralfate (67% compared with 40% in the placebo group). When ulcer size was taken into account, the possible drug advantage disappeared; ulcer size appears to be a major determinant of rate of healing of sclerotherapy-associated esophageal ulcers. A large multicenter trial will be required to identify whether sucralfate accelerates postsclerotherapy esophageal ulcer healing.
The mental abilities associated with programming aptitude

A number of studies have been done to explain programming success in introductory computer science and MIS courses. Many of these studies have used a variety of cognitive tests: (1) the Group Embedded Figures Test, (2) General Aptitude Test Battery, (3) IBM Programmer Aptitude Test, (4) SCAT quantitative and verbal subtests, (5) SAT and ACT, etc. All of these studies have two major problems: (1) The tests measure either a single cognitive factor or a mixture of cognitive factors which have not been separated. The single-cognitive-factor approach is much too narrow. The mixed-cognitive-factor approach often yields one or two scores which do not isolate the exact mental factors involved. For example, the SAT yields two scores: verbal and quantitative. These two scores are likely to contain ten or more cognitive factors which are not separated from the two scores. Even the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) is not able to isolate known cognitive factors. I suggest that researchers use the Kit of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests [1] which measures 23 known cognitive factors. This battery of tests is finely tuned. (2) The second problem with these studies is the type of statistical analyses used. Typically, simple correlation and regression are used. Regression is best suited to predict, not explain. I suggest that factor analysis be used in research designed to explain programmer aptitude. The explanation of variance is the purpose of factor analysis. The research reported in this abstract used 18 tests [1] which measured separate mental ability factors. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data. Programming grades in an introductory-level class were factor analyze along with these 18 cognitive factors. The factor analysis produced seven factors. Programming scores loaded significantly (r = .77, p n = 45) on the second factor. About 60% of the variance in programming aptitude was accounted for by this single factor. Six, out of 18, cognitive factors loaded significantly on this factor: REASONING, LOGICAL (Loading: r = .81, p VERBAL COMPREHENSION (Loading: r = .61, p INTEGRATIVE PROCESS (Loading: r = .54, p FLEXIBILITY OF USE (Loading: r = .41, p CLOSURE, SPEED OF (Loading: r = .39, p SEQUENTIAL MEMORY SPAN (Loading: r = .30, p These cognitive tests have also served well for prediction equations using stepwise regression. The multiple-R was .71, p = .000, n = 45. With other variables (preference for graphics, gender, algorithm comprehension), the multiple-R climbed to .82, p = .000, n = 45. To the best of my knowledge .82 is the highest multiple-R in the literature. Only variables with F-ratios of 3 or more were allowed into the equation.
A GENERALIZED CONCEPTION OF TEXT APPLIED TO BOTH SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS OBJECTS

. The idea of a text is reviewed and reconstructed to facilitate the application of concepts of interpretation to the objects analyzed in the natural sciences, as well as to objects analyzed in religion and literature. Four criteria—-readability, formality, material transcendence, and retrievability—-are proposed as the basis for a generalized conception of text. Objects in both religion and science, not previously thought to be texts, are shown to be included in the new definition and therefore to be potential subjects of developing methods of interpretation.
Effective field theory approach to high temperature thermodynamics

An effective field theory approach is developed for calculating the thermodynamic properties of a field theory at high temperature T and weak coupling g. The effective theory is the three-dimensional field theory obtained by dimensional reduction to the bosonic zero-frequency modes. The parameters of the effective theory can be calculated as a perturbation series in the running coupling constant ${\mathit{g}}^{2}$(T). The free energy is separated into the contributions from the momentum scales T and gT, respectively. The first term can be written as a perturbation series in ${\mathit{g}}^{2}$(T). If all forces are screened at the scale gT, the second term can be calculated as a perturbation series in g(T) beginning at order ${\mathit{g}}^{3}$. The parameters of the effective theory satisfy renormalization group equations that can be used to sum up leading logarithms of T/(gT). We apply this method to a massless scalar field with a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}^{4}$ interaction, calculating the free energy to order ${\mathit{g}}^{6}$lng and the screening mass to order ${\mathit{g}}^{5}$lng.
ENERGY LEVEL PARAMETERS FROM NUCLEAR RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE AT 7 MEV

The recoil-broadened photon spectrum from the reaction scattering cross sections of 31 elements at 7 Mev. The observed angular distributions are consistent with dipole transitions. A plot of the cross sections versus mass number shows definite peaks around the closed shell regions near Z = 50, N = 82 (Sn, Te, and Ba), and Z = 82, N == 126 (Pb and Bi). For six medium and heavy elements selfabsorption measurements were made which, when analyzed in terms of a number of nonoverlapping Breit-Wigner resonances, yield values of the average partial radiation widths to the ground states, the average total radiation widths, and the average level spacings for those elements. The radiation widths are significantly larger than those determined from slow-neutron scattering and capture experiments and, excepting Pb and Bi, the average level spacings are also appreciably greater than would be expected from the neutron data. The observed widths and spacings are in order of magnitude agreement with the recent interpretation of the modifled single-particle calculation of Blatt and Weisskopf. (auth)
Effect of repeated exposures to nitrogen dioxide and sulfuric acid mist alone or in combination on mucociliary clearance from the lungs of rabbits

The biological response to ambient air pollution may be a function of specific combinations of pollutants. Groups of rabbits were exposed to NO2 (0.3 ppm or 1 ppm) with and without H2SO4 (0.5 mg/m3) for 2 hr/day for up to 14 days for assessment of effects upon mucociliary clearance of tracer particles from the tracheobronchial tree. Exposure to NO2 did not alter clearance, while exposure to H2SO4 produced a retardation toward the middle of the exposure series. The combination of 0.3 ppm NO2 with H2SO4 resulted in a speeding of clearance, while no change from control was seen with the mixture employing 1 ppm NO2 with acid. These results emphasize the importance of performing studies with pollutant mixtures, since it is not always possible to extrapolate responses from studies examining effects of individual pollutants.
Multiple accessory tragi as a clue to the diagnosis of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral (Goldenhar) syndrome

Abstract We present a newborn with multiple features of the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS), or Goldenhar's syndrome. Although not reported previously, aplasia cutis congenita might be within the spectrum of anomalies seen in the syndrome. Of particular importance to the dermatologist is the finding of multiple accessory tragi in a linear distribution from the preauricular skin, along the mandible, to the lateral neck, which might be a clue to the diagnosis of OAVS. This syndrome is associated with additional systemic anomalies that can often be found by simple screening techniques.
Contextualizing Disparity Reduction in Rural Health Care: A Call to Action

This conceptual study focuses on health disparities among African Americans in the Arkansas Delta. The author uses an ecosocial perspective to explore several social and individual-level influences upon patients' perceptions of health care quality, including health beliefs and life experiences of discrimination that can lead to not accessing health care systems. The study findings identify community-based strengths that can inform the development of strategies and programs to reduce rural health disparities. The discussion includes the potential implications of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act for progress in health care quality and health equality, especially for rural racial/ethnic minorities.
Quantitative functional imaging of the brain: towards mapping neuronal activity by BOLD fMRI.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of energy metabolism (i.e. cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption, CMRO2), blood circulation (i.e. cerebral blood flow, CBF, and volume, CBV), and functional MRI (fMRI) signal over a wide range of neuronal activity and pharmacological treatments are used to interpret the neurophysiologic basis of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) image-contrast at 7 T in glutamatergic neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Multi-modal MRI and MRS measurements of CMRO2, CBF, CBV and BOLD signal (both gradient-echo and spin-echo) are used to interpret the neuroenergetic basis of BOLD image-contrast. Since each parameter that can influence the BOLD image-contrast is measured quantitatively and separately, multi-modal measurements of changes in CMRO2, CBF, CBV, BOLD fMRI signal allow calibration and validation of the BOLD image-contrast. Good agreement between changes in CMRO2 calculated from BOLD theory and measured by 13C MRS, reveals that BOLD fMRI signal-changes at 7 T are closely linked with alterations in neuronal glucose oxidation, both for activation and deactivation paradigms. To determine the neurochemical basis of BOLD, pharmacological treatment with lamotrigine, which is a neuronal voltage-dependent Na+ channel blocker and neurotransmitter glutamate release inhibitor, is used in a rat forepaw stimulation model. Attenuation of the functional changes in CBF and BOLD with lamotrigine reveals that the fMRI signal is associated with release of glutamate from neurons, which is consistent with a link between neurotransmitter cycling and energy metabolism. Comparisons of CMRO2 and CBF over a wide dynamic range of neuronal activity provide insight into the regulation of energy metabolism and oxygen delivery in the cerebral cortex. The current results reveal the energetic and physiologic components of the BOLD fMRI signal and indicate the required steps towards mapping neuronal activity quantitatively by fMRI at steady-state. Consequences of these results from rat brain for similar calibrated BOLD fMRI studies in the human brain are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamics of hydrogen solution and hydride formation in Pd-Mn alloys. 1. Disordered alloys and a correlation effect.

The thermodynamics of H2 solution and hydride formation/decomposition have been determined by reaction calorimetry (303 K) for disordered face centered cubic (fcc) Pd−Mn alloys. This alloy system belongs to the expanded lattice category which predicts that and ΔHplat for H2 absorption should be more exothermic than those for Pd; the experimental results are that the former is more exothermic, at least at the higher Mn contents, but the latter is not. There is a regular decrease in the H capacity (at pH2 = 0.2 MPa) with atom fraction Mn. A linear dependence of log pH2 upon H content is found in the single hydride phase for all of these alloys suggesting that ΔHH and ΔSH are also linear functions of r in this region. This is confirmed using the Pd0.875Mn0.125 alloy which has no two-phase region (303 K). It is shown for the Pd0.875Mn0.125 alloy and for Pd that the changes of partial enthalpies and entropies with H content are correlated so as to minimize changes of μH.
F.E.T.-circuit realisation of the inductance

An f.e.t. circuit suitable for realising the inductance is proposed. The circuit is obtained by connecting a source-follower configuration in series with a resistive network utilising one negative resistance. An experimental inductance circuit using three f.e.t.s of the same type is described.
Evidence that nicotine can acutely desensitize central nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors

Current concepts concerning nicotine's CNS mechanism(s) of action suggest that this drug produces its effects via an interaction at nicotinic-cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) sensitive to acetylcholine. In vitro research further suggests that, following its initial agonist effect, this cholinergic drug may also induce a rapid desensitization of the nAChR similar to that of acetylcholine, resulting in termination of its pharmacological effect. Research described in this paper provides evidence of this secondary desensitization process in vivo by demonstrating nicotine's ability to induce acute tolerance in a Discriminative Stimulus (DS) paradigm. The ability of nicotine (400 µg/kg, SC) to elicit DS control of behavior in a two-lever operant procedure was significantly reduced via a challenge dose (800 µg/kg, SC) of nicotine administered 15–180 min before the training dose. Twenty-three of 52 rats demonstrated this phenomenon. The time to develop acute tolerance varied, providing additional evidence that these effects may be contingent upon individual rat variability. In addition, physostigmine was also observed to induce a similar desensitization in a random population of desensitizing rats. Lastly, there were no differences between desensitizers and non-desensitizers in relation to the ability of mecamylamine (1000 µg/kg, SC) to antagonize the DS, while in both populations of rats scopolamine (100 µg/kg, SC) failed to antagonize the DS.
Functional comparison of the Hoxa 4, Hoxa 10, and Hoxa 11 homeoboxes.

A number of models attempt to explain the functional relationships of Hox genes. The functional equivalence model states that mammalian Hox-encoded proteins are largely functionally equivalent, and that Hox quantity is more important than Hox quality. In this report, we describe the results of two homeobox swaps. In one case, the homeobox of Hoxa 11 was replaced with that of the very closely related Hoxa 10. Developmental function was assayed by analyzing the phenotypes of all possible allele combinations, including the swapped allele, and null alleles for Hoxa 11 and Hoxd 11. This chimeric gene provided wild-type function in the development of the axial skeleton and male reproductive tract, but served as a hypomorph allele in the development of the appendicular skeleton, kidneys, and female reproductive tract. In the other case, the Hoxa 11 homeobox was replaced with that of the divergent Hoxa 4 gene. This chimeric gene provided near recessive null function in all tissues except the axial skeleton, which developed normally. These results demonstrate that even the most conserved regions of Hox genes, the homeoboxes, are not functionally interchangeable in the development of most tissues. In some cases, developmental function tracked with the homeobox, as previously seen in simpler organisms. Homeoboxes with more 5' cluster positions were generally dominant over more 3' homeoboxes, consistent with phenotypic suppression seen in Drosophila. Surprisingly, however, all Hox homeoboxes tested did appear functionally equivalent in the formation of the axial skeleton. The determination of segment identity is one of the most evolutionarily ancient functions of Hox genes. It is interesting that Hox homeoboxes are interchangeable in this process, but are functionally distinct in other aspects of development.
3D imaging with planar dielectric lens

We demonstrate 3D imaging using a planar dielectric system based on strongly anisotropic dielectric material. The proposed planar dielectric lens is capable of subwavelength resolution and does not rely on either magnetic response or periodic patterning.
Dipeptidase-C in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic, ontogenetic, and tissue-specific variation.

Dip-A, Dip-B, andDip-C constitute structural genes for three peptidic enzymes inDrosophila melanogaster distinct from the leucine aminopeptidases. Their ontogenetic and tissue distributions of activities suggest the involvement of these enzymes in a general metabolic role, such as the regulation of amino acid and oligopeptide pools to make amino acids available for protein synthesis. Screening of chromosome substitution isogenic lines for DIP-C activity indicated that, like DIP-A and DIP-B, unlinked activity modifiers exist forDip-C. The developmental profiles of dipeptidase activities are very similar, except in the pupal stage, during which DIP-C activity is markedly low compared to the other two enzymes. Intercorrelations of dipeptidase activities vary ontogenetically, which is consistent with the need for coordinate expression of these enzymes during certain developmental stages. Tissue-specific expressions of dipeptidases in larvae and adults are also similar, although the relative levels of DIP-A activity differ from those of DIP-B and DIP-C in certain organs and body parts. Some of the differences among chromosome substitution lines for dipeptidase activities appear to be systemic, while others are developmental stage-specific and tissue-specific. Second- and third-chromosome variants for DIP-C activity differed in their tissue distribution. This is consistent with the presence of temporal and spatial variants in natural populations for otherDrosophila enzymes.
Benefits Analysis of Multi-Center Dynamic Weather Routes

Dynamic weather routes are flight plan corrections that can provide airborne flights more than user-specified minutes of flying-time savings, compared to their current flight plan. These routes are computed from the aircraft's current location to a flight plan fix downstream (within a predefined limit region), while avoiding forecasted convective weather regions. The Dynamic Weather Routes automation has been continuously running with live air traffic data for a field evaluation at the American Airlines Integrated Operations Center in Fort Worth, TX since July 31, 2012, where flights within the Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center are evaluated for time savings. This paper extends the methodology to all Centers in United States and presents benefits analysis of Dynamic Weather Routes automation, if it was implemented in multiple airspace Centers individually and concurrently. The current computation of dynamic weather routes requires a limit rectangle so that a downstream capture fix can be selected, preventing very large route changes spanning several Centers. In this paper, first, a method of computing a limit polygon (as opposed to a rectangle used for Fort Worth Center) is described for each of the 20 Centers in the National Airspace System. The Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool, a nationwide simulation and analysis tool, is used for this purpose. After a comparison of results with the Center-based Dynamic Weather Routes automation in Fort Worth Center, results are presented for 11 Centers in the contiguous United States. These Centers are generally most impacted by convective weather. A breakdown of individual Center and airline savings is presented and the results indicate an overall average savings of about 10 minutes of flying time are obtained per flight.
Translating Cholesterol Guidelines Into Primary Care Practice: A Multimodal Cluster Randomized Trial

PURPOSE We wanted to determine whether an intervention based on patient activation and a physician decision support tool was more effective than usual care for improving adherence to National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. METHODS A 1-year cluster randomized controlled trial was performed using 30 primary care practices (4,105 patients) in southeastern New England. The main outcome was the percentage of patients screened for hyperlipidemia and treated to their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol goals. RESULTS After 1 year of intervention, both randomized practice groups improved screening (89% screened), and 74% of patients in both groups were at their LDL and non-HDL cholesterol goals (P CONCLUSION This study showed null results with the intent-to-treat analysis regarding the benefits of a patient activation and a decision support tool in improving cholesterol management in primary care practices. Post hoc analysis showed a potential benefit in practices that used the e-health tools more frequently in screening and management of dyslipidemia. Further research on how to incorporate and increase adoption of user-friendly, patient-centered e-health tools to improve screening and management of chronic diseases and their risk factors is warranted.
Supervising the Supervisors—Procedural Training and Supervision in Internal Medicine Residency

BACKGROUND At teaching hospitals, bedside procedures (paracentesis, thoracentesis, lumbar puncture, arthrocentesis and central venous catheter insertion) are performed by junior residents and supervised by senior peers. Residents’ perceptions about supervision or how often peer supervision produces unsafe clinical situations are unknown.
The Effects of Batterer Intervention Programs The Battered Women's Perspectives

This article presents the perspectives of battered women, whose partners have been court-ordered to participate in a batterer intervention program, on the program's effects on their partners, themselves, and their families. Through in-depth interviews, 33 women described their experiences, expectations, and feelings before, during, and after their partner participated in the program. The interviewees also discussed the impact of the program on their batterers'behavior and on their own lives. The study sheds light on the effects of program participation on batterers' behavior and the way in which referral and programparticipation affect their female partners. The results underscore the value of incorporating battered women's perspectives and experiences in evaluating the effects of battererintervention programs and designing their service delivery.