cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A valid and reliable method for measuring the kicking accuracy of soccer players

Kicking accuracy is an important component of soccer performance. We constructed a plywood target measuring 243.5cm wide × 122cm high. Carbon paper applied to the surface of the target allowed measurement by 2 raters from a bull's-eye to 10 ball marks left by kicks. Intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the intra- and interrater reliability of the measurement to each ball mark. Mean and median distances from bull's-eye to ball mark were 89.9cm and 97.9cm, respectively (range, 25.7 to 150.75cm). The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra- and interrater reliability were 0.99. The root mean square error of measurement indicated that accuracy of measurement was within 0.15cm. These results suggest that our method of assessing kicking accuracy is a valid and reliable tool for analysing performance. Because this tool closely replicates kicking into a soccer goal, we feel that it also has validity. To our knowledge, no other tool or measure (e.g., number of shots on goal or number of goals per game) has comparable validity and reliability. This method can be used as a training tool and for future investigations of kicking accuracy.
A histopathologic study of oral mucosal lupus erythematosus

Specimens representing 17 cases of each of oral mucosal lupus erythematosus (LE) and lichen planus were examined under the light microscope to establish a set of histopathologic criteria that would distinguish between the two. Statistical analysis showed that significant differences in histopathology exist between the two diseases. A classic case of LE was found to exhibit the following characteristics: vacuolization of keratinocytes, patchy PAS-positive deposits subepithelially, edema in the lamina propria, PAS-positive thickening of blood vessel walls, and the presence of a severe or perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrate. A number of other less significant alterations were also identified. It is concluded from this study that oral LE in most cases is characteristic enough to provide a definitive diagnosis at the light microscopic level.
A Comparative Analysis of Teacher Education Students' Views about Citizenship Education.

Abstract Citizenship preparation is recognized as a main goal of education (Parker, 2009); however, some individuals believe that only social studies teachers are required to prepare students for citizenship. At a Southeastern university, 77 teacher education students consisting of 28 men and 49 women from various content areas were interviewed on civic education. As the theoretical framework, interviews were based on the cognitive strategy use model applied to civic activity (Martin, 2005). Descriptive statistics indicate that the various content majors viewed citizenship preparation with different lenses based on their national organizations' goals. Whereas some participants opposed citizenship preparation and emphasized a need to focus on only content, the majority discussed how citizenship preparation and mastery of content were congruent with their content area organizations' national goals.
Endangered rivers: A case history of the Arkansas River in the Central Plains

1. This paper presents a summary of recent patterns of surface discharge in the Arkansas River in Kansas, and discusses the implications of dewatering on aquatic insect communities. 2. Significant reductions in surface flows of the Arkansas River have been observed since approximately 1974 in central and western Kansas. Dewatering of the river has been most severe between Syracuse and Great Bend, a distance in excess of 335 river kilometres, and has resulted in complete losses of surface flow for periods in excess of one year at several points along the river. 3. Minimum desirable stream flow (MDSF) standards developed and legislated by the state in the early 1980s have had little effect on reversing the trends associated with river dewatering. It must be concluded that dewatering has had substantial effects on aquatic insect communities through habitat modification in areas where surface flows are dramatically curtailed. These communities are extirpated, or nearly so, in areas where dewatering is most pronounced. 4. Reduction in groundwater withdrawals from the riverine aquifer and palaeochannels, some of which are considerable distances from the present-day river channel, must be considered in order to achieve MDSF during periods of dewatering. 5. Although it may be possible to achieve MDSF, it is argued that MDSF will not be sufficient to allow for development of habitats that are critical for restoration of ‘natural’ communities. A distinction is made between the ideal and the achievable as goals for a management strategy to conserve habitats for aquatic insects, and it is concluded that the ideal of managing surface flows to restore natural communities cannot be achieved in the light of recent reductions of surface flow and conflicting uses of groundwater for irrigation and minicipal consumption. As an alternative, conceited efforts must be made to ensure that MDSF is continuously achieved.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION OF GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL ANCHORED PROTEINS ON PLATELETS FROM PATIENTS WITH PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), an acquired clonal disorder is manifested by failure of hematopoietic cells to express phosphatidylinositol glycan-anchored proteins (PIG-AP). Since the PIG-A mutation is present at the stem cell level, all cell lines may be affected. Although the pathogenesis of hemolytic anemia in PNH is related to the absence of CD55 and CD59 molecules on the membrane of red cells, the mechanism responsible for the increased incidence of thrombotic events in PNH is not clear. In this study we measured two glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked molecules on platelets (CD55 and CD59) and two GPI-linked proteins on neutrophils (CD14 and CD16), comparing their expression on normal and PNH patients. Using two-color flow cytometric analysis with antibodies directed against CD42b and CD41a, we found that CD55 and CD59 were constitutively expressed by normal fresh platelets, but that the expression levels decreased during the five day storage of platelets. A substantial population of platelets lacking the GPI-linked proteins were detected in most cases. We demonstrated varying degrees of deficiency in the expression of GPI-anchored molecules with neutrophils, monocytes and platelets with the highest proportion of deficient cells found within monocytic lineage. Similar numbers of platelets with the PNH phenotype and normal platelets expressed activation markers before and after exposure to platelet agonists. Flow cytometry is more sensitive than Ham's test in monitoring expression of PNH in platelets. Differences in the numbers of circulating GPI-deficient platelets and myeloid cells suggest that either the survival of platelets and mature myeloid cells differs or megakaryocytopoeisis is abnormal within the GPI-deficient clone.
The International Studies Minor in Practice: Program Offerings and Student Choices

International studies programs are increasingly popular at colleges and universities across the United States, and most prior research and efforts have been has focused on the international studies major. However, institutions may often find it much easier to create a minor rather than a major program given scarce resources and a preexisting curriculum. This study focuses on the international studies minor. We complement a survey of the basic parameters of such minor programs in the United States with a case study that investigates how students implement the minor with their course selections at Truman State University, a public liberal arts university in the Midwest, which offers a fairly typical international studies minor. We end with suggestions for the improvement of such minors that can be implemented with existing course offerings.
Serious cardiac complications during bone marrow transplantation at the University of Minnesota, 1977-1997.

Serious cardiac complications during bone marrow transplantation at the University of Minnesota, 1977–1997
The relationship between 207Pb NMR chemical shift and solid-state structure in Pb(II) compounds.

The analysis of heavy-metal solids with NMR spectroscopy provides a means of investigating the electronic environment through the dependence of the chemical shift on structure. We have investigated the relation of the 207Pb NMR isotropic chemical shift, span, and skew of a series of solid Pb(II) compounds to lattice parameters. Complementary relativistic spin−orbit density functional calculations on clusters such as PbI64- that model the local environment in the dihalides show a dependence of NMR properties on the local structure in good agreement with experimental results.
The capsular barrier between the interstitial fluid and the source of the lymph.

Abstract The present analysis suggests that a relatively impermeable fibrous connective tissue capsule separates the parenchymal cells and the fluid in which they are bathed, from a special pool of extracapsular fluid which is the source of the lymph. This approach clarifies a number of questions including the developmental, anatomic and physiologic relationships of the lymph capillaries with the parenchymal cells and the connective tissues.
Lorentz noninvariant oscillations of massless neutrinos are excluded

The bicycle model of Lorentz noninvariant neutrino oscillations without neutrino masses naturally predicts maximal mixing and a $1/E$ dependence of the oscillation argument for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ oscillations of atmospheric and long-baseline neutrinos, but cannot also simultaneously fit the data for solar neutrinos and KamLAND. Within the standard model extension, we examine all 19 possible structures of the effective Hamiltonian for Lorentz noninvariant oscillations of massless neutrinos that naturally have a $1/E$ dependence at high neutrino energy. Because of the lack of any evidence for direction dependence, we consider only direction-independent oscillations. Although we find a number of models with a $1/E$ dependence for atmospheric and long-baseline neutrinos, none can also simultaneously fit solar and KamLAND data.
Gravitational circulation in Long Island Sound

Abstract Long Island Sound has some important estuarine characteristics including tidal motions transmitted from the sea and a dilution of seawater with fresh-water. Longitudinal salinity and associated density gradients exist in the Sound throughout the year and maintain non-tidal two-layer gravitational circulation. The volume transport due to this circulation has been determined from simple dynamic computations based on a force balance between the vertical gradient of the turbulent stress resulting from tidal motions and the pressure gradient resulting from horizontal density variations. Data from four hydrographic cruises conducted in the Sound by Marine Sciences Research Center were used to evaluate the horizontal pressure gradient. The transport computations indicate that gravitational circulation is well-developed in the western and central Sound and intense in the eastern Sound.
Oxidation of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid by fenton's reagent

Abstract We have studied the oxidation of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid (HSMA) in Fenton's reagent (hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion), and we have used a relative rate method to estimate the absolute rate constant for oxidation of HSMA by OH radicals. We conclude that the atmospheric oxidation of HMSA by OH is slow if Fenton's-type reactions are the only source of OH, but other sources of OH may be present. Fenton's reaction in the absence of other reactants is a weak source of OH radicals at atmospheric concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and iron. On the other hand, the estimate of the absolute reaction rate, based on the rate relative to the oxidation of pinacol by OH, is 1.25 ±0.25 × 109M−1s−1. This rate implies that HMSA can be oxidized fairly rapidly by OH in atmospheric aerosols, based on present models for the OH concentration in atmospheric aerosols. We also measured the rate of decomposition of HMSA and the acetaldehyde-bisulfite complex, HESA. The rate of decomposition of HESA at pH 2 is 300 times faster than that of HMSA, and on this basis we believe that HESA would not be very effective at protecting sulfur (IV) from oxidation in the atmosphere.
Branching space-time

‘Branching space-time’ is a simple blend of relativity and indeterminism. Postulates and definitions rigorously describe the ‘causal order’ relation between possible point events. The key postulate is a version of ‘everything has a causal origin’; key defined terms include ‘history’ and ‘choice point’. Some elementary but helpful facts are proved. Application is made to the status of causal contemporaries of indeterministic events, to how ‘splitting’ of histories happens, to indeterminism without choice, and to Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen distant correlations.
Performance measures for improving the prevention of venous thromboembolism: achievement in clinical practice

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication during and after hospitalization for acute medical illness or surgery. Despite the existence of evidence-based guidelines for VTE prevention, real-world prescribing practices are frequently suboptimal. Specific performance measures relating to VTE prevention and treatment have been developed by US health care organizations to increase adherence with best-practice recommendations and ultimately reduce the number of preventable VTE events. Two measures developed by the Surgical Care Improvement Project have been endorsed by the National Quality Forum (NQF) and focus on VTE prevention. In addition, six measures have been developed recently by The Joint Commission in collaboration with the NQF; three measures relate to VTE prevention and three focus on treatment. To attain widespread achievement of these performance goals, it is essential to raise awareness of their existence and specifications. It is also imperative that hospitals develop and implement effective VTE protocols. The use of multiple, active strategies, such as computer decision support systems with regular audit and feedback, may be particularly valuable approaches to improve current practices within an integrated quality improvement program. During practical implementation of VTE protocols at Norton Healthcare (Kentucky’s largest healthcare system), strong leadership, physician engagement, and caregiver accountability were identified as key factors influencing the process. As such, more hospitals may be able to increase adherence with guidelines, improve achievement of quality goals, and help to reduce the substantial burden associated with avoidable VTE.
The Neuropathology of Autism

Autism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder that affects over 1% of new births in the United States and about 2% of boys. The etiologies are unknown and they are genetically complex. There may be epigenetic effects, environmental influences, and other factors that contribute to the mechanisms and affected neural pathway(s). The underlying neuropathology of the disorder has been evolving in the literature to include specific brain areas in the cerebellum, limbic system, and cortex. Part(s) of structures appear to be affected most rather than the entire structure, for example, select nuclei of the amygdala, the fusiform face area, and so forth. Altered cortical organization characterized by more frequent and narrower minicolumns and early overgrowth of the frontal portion of the brain, affects connectivity. Abnormalities include cytoarchitectonic laminar differences, excess white matter neurons, decreased numbers of GABAergic cerebellar Purkinje cells, and other events that can be traced developmentally and cause anomalies in circuitry. Problems with neurotransmission are evident by recent receptor and binding site studies especially in the inhibitory GABA system likely contributing to an imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory transmission. As postmortem findings are related to core behavior symptoms, and technology improves, researchers are gaining a much better perspective of contributing factors to the disorder.
Simultaneous Compensation of Fast Add/Drop Power-Transients and Equalization of Inter-Channel Power Differentials for Robust WDM Systems with EDFAs

Robust WDM transmission systems and reconfigurable networks will require that all the channels be of similar optical power under all operational conditions. Previously, Zyskind et al. reported that saturated cascaded EDFAs exhibit fast output power transients due to adding/dropping of some WDM channels since the output power from the a EDFA for each surviving channel will change to keep the total output power constant [1]
On the Ising model in a random magnetic field

Abstract We discuss recent progress on the lower critical dimension question for the random-field Ising model, from early domain wall arguments and dimensional reduction to a mathematical proof that the ground state is ferromagnetically ordered in more than two dimensions. In settling this controversial point, a coarse-graining method is used to control the entropy of domain walls, and a “contour gas” representation for the ground state is used to control the loss of ordering at large length scales.
The response of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells to hypoxia.

Abstract Dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMEC) exposed to hypoxic conditions show a rapid induction of several proteins that do not increase in other cell types placed in a similar environment. These DMEC proteins differ from the well-characterized stress proteins that have been observed in a wide variety of cultured cell types. The DMEC proteins are induced rapidly, within 2–4 h, and are expressed transiently. They include a group of acidic proteins ( p I ∼ 5–5.2 ) with molecular weights in the range 100 000–120 000 and at least one glycoprotein ( p I 5.1, M r 57 000 ) that is probably expressed on the cell surface. In some primary DMEC cell strains, this response is accompanied by a transient overall increase in protein synthesis. The oxygen-regulated proteins (ORP) that are induced in most other cell types under hypoxic conditions show little variation in their rate of synthesis in DMEC within the first 24 h. The response of DMEC differs from that of umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVEC) and from spindle-shaped cells derived from DMEC, that show a response to hypoxia that is similar to most other cell types. The changes seen in DMEC proteins take place in the same time scale as ischemia-reperfusion injury and may reflect the specialized change of functions of the microvasculature observed under conditions of hypoxic stress in vivo.
Radiation hybrid mapping and comparative sequence analysis of bovine RIG-I and MAVS genes.

Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) proteins have recently been found to operate in a pathway for the detection and subsequent elimination of replicating viral genomes. Because of this innate immunity role, RIG-I and MAVS are candidates for studies of disease resistance. The objectives of this work were to (1) radiation hybrid (RH) map bovine RIG-I and MAVS and (2) perform comparative sequence analysis of partial genomic sequence from each gene. Using a bovine 5000rad RH panel, RIG-I was localized to BTA08 (LOD > 12) and MAVS was localized to BTA13 (LOD > 12). RIG-I exon 14 and partial MAVS exon five were sequenced in nine breeds and compared with available sequence from the Bovine Genome Project. RIG-I exon 14 and partial MAVS exon five were conserved in all samples examined. One T–A transversion SNP was found in intronic sequence downstream of RIG-I exon 14.
Computational methods of analysis of protein–protein interactions

Computational methods play an important role at all stages of the process of determining protein-protein interactions. They are used to predict potential interactions, to validate the results of high-throughput interaction screens and to analyze the protein networks inferred from interaction databases.
Effect of Cortisone and ACTH on Adrenals in Experimental Diphtheria, Shiga, and Meningococcus Intoxication

Conclusions(1) Neither ACTH, cortisone, nor cortisone in conjunction with ascorbic acid appeared to have any effect on the outward course of intoxication of guinea pigs given lethal doses of diphtheria toxin. (2) Neither cortisone nor cortisone in conjunction with ascorbic acid affected the mortality of mice receiving fatal doses of either Shiga toxin or meningococci suspended in mucin. (3) Cortisone appeared to exert a protective action on the adrenals of mice receiving fatal doses of Shiga toxin and meningococci suspended in mucin, as judged by the degree of congestion.
Photochemical Generation of the Hydrated Electron

A transient species with properties similar to the hydrated electron produced previously by electron irradiation has been observed by flash photolysis of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts and aromatic compounds including amino acids.
The in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) in inbred rats

A significant in vitro antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation to poly(Glu 52 Lys 33 Tyr 15 ) was observed in sensitized splenic lymphocytes from the DA strain of rats. In segregating F2 and backcross populations the response was linked to the major histocompatibility (Ag-B or H-1) complex. Nylon wool column purification of splenic lymphocyte preparations demonstrated that the proliferative response was thymus-dependent. Alloantisera produced against lymphocytes were capable of inhibiting the proliferative response and absorption studies suggested that the antibody specificities responsible for inhibition were directed at least in part against the serologically defined histocompatibility antigens present on erythrocytes.
Influence of Double-Layer Solvation on Local versus Macroscopic Surface Potentials on Ordered Platinum-Group Metals as Sensed by the Vibrational Stark Effect

An analysis is outlined that utilizes electrode potential-dependent measurements of the intramolecular vibrational frequency (νc) for chemisorbates, specifically carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, at ordered Pt-group metal−solution interfaces (i.e., the electrochemical Stark effect), in comparison with corresponding vibrational frequencies at the metal−ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) interfaces, as a means of assessing the role of local versus average surface potentials in the former systems. For saturated adlayers featuring the same (or similar) binding-site configurations in the aqueous electrochemical and UHV environments, adjusting the electrode potential, Eeq, to the point where νc equals that measured at the corresponding metal−UHV interface yields Eeq values that are closely concordant with the work function, Φ, for the latter surfaces. This Eeq−Φ correlation, which also yields an “absolute potential” of the reference electrode consistent with literature estimates, indicates that the average surface potentia...
Environment for the automatic manipulation and analysis of morphological expressions

This paper describes a LISP based environment for the automatic manipulation and analysis of morphological expressions. The foundation of this environment is an aggregation of morphological knowledge that includes signal and system property information rule bases for representing morphological relationships and inferencing mechanisms for using this collection of knowledge. The layers surrounding this foundation include representations of abstract signal and structuring element classes as well as actual structuring elements implementations of the morphological operators and the ability to optimally decompose structels. The representational requirements for automatically manipulating expressions and determining the computational cost are described and the capabilities of the environment are illustrated by examples of symbolic manipulations and expression analysis.
Influence of alloying additions on grain boundary cohesion of transition metals: First-principles determination and its phenomenological extension

The toughness and ductility of ultrahigh-strength alloys is often limited by intergranular embrittlement, particularly under conditions of unfavorable environmental interactions such as hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking. Here we investigated the mechanism by which the segregated substitutional additions cause intergranular embrittlement. An electronic level phenomenological theory is proposed to predict unambiguously the effect of a substitutional alloying addition on grain boundary cohesion of metallic alloys, based on first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FLAPW) calculations on the strengthening and embrittling effects of the metals Mo and Pd on the Fe grain boundary cohesion. With the bulk properties of substitutional alloying addition A and the matrix element M as inputs, the strengthening or embrittling effect of A at the grain boundary of M can be predicted without carrying out first-principles calculations once the atomic structure of the corresponding clean grain boundary is determined. Predictions of the embrittlement potency of a large number of metals, including the $3d,$ $4d,$ and $5d$ transition metals, are presented for the Fe $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ (111) and the Ni $\ensuremath{\Sigma}5$ (210) grain boundaries. Rigorous FLAPW calculations on the effect of Co, Ru, W, and Re on the Fe $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ (111) grain boundary and Ca on the Ni $\ensuremath{\Sigma}5$ (210) grain boundary cohesion confirm the predictions of our model. This model is expected to be applicable to other high-angle boundaries in general and instructive in the quantum design of ultrahigh-strength alloys with resistance to intergranular fracture.
The determinants of minimal levator hiatus and their relationship to the puborectalis muscle and the levator plate.

Objective To determine the muscles comprising the minimal levator hiatus. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA. Population Eight female fresh frozen pelves and 80 nulliparouswomen. Methods Three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound was performed in eight fresh frozen female pelves. The structures of the levator hiatus were tagged with needles and the cadavers were dissected to identify the tagged structures. A group of 80 nullipara underwent 3D endovaginal ultrasound, and the minimal levator hiatus area, puborectalis area, and anorectal angle were assessed, and normal values were obtained. Main outcome measures Anatomic borders of minimal levator hiatus and normality in pelvic floor measurements. Results The pubococcygeus forms the inner lateral border and anterior attachment of the minimal levator hiatus to the pubic bone. The puboanalis fibres are immediately lateral to pubococcygeus attachments. There are variable contributions of the puborectalis fibres lateral to the puboanalis attachment. The posterior border of the minimal levator hiatus is formed by the levator plate. Eighty community-dwelling nulliparous women underwent 3D endovaginal ultrasound. The median age was 47 years (range 22–70 years). The mean of minimal levator hiatus and puborectalis hiatus areas were 13.4 cm2 (±1.89 cm2 SD) and 14.8 cm2 (±2.16 cm2 SD). The mean anorectal and levator plate descent angles were 156° (±10.04° SD) and 15.9° (±8.28° SD). Conclusion Anterior and lateral borders of the minimal levator hiatus are formed mostly by pubococcygeus. The puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus form the bulk of the levator plate.
Reactive vs. proactive antisocial behavior: Differential correlates of child ADHD symptoms?:

This study examines the relation between proactive and reactive antisocial behavior with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Caregivers of children aged 8 to 15 (n = 84) being evaluated at a child psychiatry outpatient clinic served as participants. Given the conceptual similarity between reactive antisocial behavior (ASB) and particular ADHD symptoms, we hypothesized that ADHD symptoms would be more closely related to reactive than to proactive ASB. Based on peer deviancy training models of ASB, we also hypothesized that the relation between ADHD symptoms and proactive ASB would increase from middle childhood to adolescence. Both hypotheses were supported. These findings suggest that reactive ASB is relatively specific to ADHD symptoms, and that intervening before early adolescence may be critical to prevent the onset of comorbid proactive ASB.
Electromagnetic visualization technique for non-metallic inclusions in a melt

The detection of inclusions in hot melts is of great importance to the manufacturing process as every aspect of quality is affected by the presence of second phases. However, the major dilemma is how to quantitatively determine the level of inclusions. In this paper, we present a theoretical model and preliminary experimental results of a Lorentz-force-based detection system to monitor small inclusions of micron size. The developed technique potentially has a better resolution performance than other on-line methods. The application area includes hot melts of metals and other highly conductive non-transparent fluids. Low-temperature modelling with liquid gallium was used to prove the measurement concept.
Helicase-Initiated Assembly of the Primosome

A direct quantitative analysis of the initial steps in primosome assembly, involving PriA and PriB proteins and the minimal primosome assembly site (PAS) of phage ϕX174, has been performed using fluorescence intensity, fluorescence anisotropy titration, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. We show that two PriA molecules bind to the PAS at both strong and weak binding sites on the PAS structure without detectable cooperative interactions. Binding of the PriB dimer to the PriA - PAS complex dramatically increases PriA's affinity for the strong site, but only slightly affects its affinity for the weak site. Interactions are driven by apparent entropy changes, with binding to the strong site accompanied by a large unfavorable enthalpy change. The PriA - PriB complex, formed independently of the DNA, is able to directly recognize the PAS structure. Thus, the high-affinity state of PriA for PAS is generated through PriA - PriB interactions. The effect of PriB is specific for PriA-PAS association, but not for PriA-double-stranded DNA or PriA-single-stranded DNA interactions. Only complexes containing two PriA molecules can generate a profound change in the PAS structure in the presence of ATP. The obtained results provide a quantitative framework for initiation of primosome formation and elucidation of further steps in the assembly process.
Persisting behavior problems in extremely low birth weight adolescents.

Objective To describe behavior problems in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) adolescents born 1992–1995 based on parent ratings and adolescent self-ratings at age 14 years and examine changes in parent ratings from ages 8 to 14 years.
Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of the enantiomers of amphetamine, methamphetamine and their hydroxyphenethylamine precursors

Abstract The separation of the enantiomers of amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine in a single run via micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) is described. The procedure, which involves preliminary derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC) followed by MECC analysis, is far superior with respect to both resolution and speed of analysis versus similar efforts utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography. The MECC separation was obtained at 20 kV on a 48 cm × 50 ωm I.D. (26 cm length to detector) capillary at 30°C using a run buffer consisting of 20% methanol and 80% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution [100 m M SDS, 10 m M phosphate, 10 m M borate (pH 9.0)]. The effects of organic modifier type, organic modifier concentration, voltage, temperature and SDS concentration on the resolution of the GITC derivatives are described. The application of the above methodology to forensic samples is presented.
Long-term outdoor weathering of PVC siding

Observations of white and grey PVC siding weathered outdoors for periods of up to 11 years indicate that the exposed surfaces chalk after two to three years. Weathering induces slight changes, or none, in the tensile properties at yield of both white and grey; tensile strength at break of white siding decreases moderately, whereas that of grey siding does not change significantly. The elongation at break of both white and grey siding decreases markedly in the first five years, but little in the following six years.
Equilibrium Studies on the Dyeing of Polyester Fibre with Disperse Dyes in the Presence of Carriers

The effect of four pure carrier compounds on the equilibrium adsorption isotherm of a disperse dye on polyester fibre has been studied, and an attempt has been mads to relate the nature and magnitude of this effect to the aqueous solubility of the carrier, the partition of carrier between fibre and water, and the solubilising effect of the carrier on the dye.
Genetic influences on cellular reactions to brain injury: Activation of microglia in denervated neuropil in mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration

This study examines the relationship between the appearance of degenerative changes in synaptic terminals and axons and the activation of microglia in denervated neuropil regions of normal mice of the C57BL/6 strain and mutant mice (Wld(S)), in which Wallerian degeneration is substantially delayed. The time course of degenerative changes in synaptic terminals and axons was assessed using selective silver staining. Microglial cells were identified by immunostaining for Mac-1, a monoclonal antibody to the CR3 complement receptor, and by histochemical staining for nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase). Increased argyrophilia, indicative of degenerative changes, was evident as early as 1 day postlesion in normal mice, but was not seen until 6-8 days in mice with the Wld(S) mutation. Microglial activation in normal C57BL/6 mice was evident by 24 hours postlesion, as evidenced by increased immunostaining for Mac-1, increased histochemical staining for NDPase, and morphological changes indicative of an activated phenotype (short, thick processes). Quantitative evaluation of immunostaining for Mac-1 revealed that peak activation occurred between 2 and 6 days postlesion with a return to a quiescent phenotype by 12 days. In contrast, the microglial response was significantly delayed and prolonged in mice bearing the Wld(S) mutation. Activated microglia were not seen within the deafferented area until 6 to 8 days postlesion and peak activation occurred between 12 and 20 days postlesion. These data suggest that the response of microglia in denervated neuropil zones is triggered by the same types of degenerative changes that cause increased argyrophilia as detected by selective silver staining methods.
Thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of the stepwise dissociation and formation of Tris(L-lysinehydroxamato)iron(III) in aqueous acid.

pKa values for the hydroxamic acid, α-NH3+, and e-NH3+ groups of l-lysinehydroxamic acid (LyHA, H3L2+) were found to be 6.87, 8.89, and 10.76, respectively, in aqueous solution (I = 0.1 M, NaClO4) at 25 °C. O,O coordination to Fe(III) by LyHA is supported by H+ stoichiometry, UV−vis spectral shifts, and a shift in νCO from 1648 to 1592 cm-1 upon formation of mono(l-lysinehydroxamato)tetra(aquo)iron(III) (Fe(H2L)(H2O)44+). The stepwise formation of tris(l-lysinehydroxamato)iron(III) from Fe(H2O)63+ and H3L2+ was characterized by spectrophotometric titration, and the values for log β1, log β2, and log β3 are 6.80(9), 12.4(2), and 16.1(2), respectively, at 25 °C and I = 2.0 M (NaClO4). Stopped-flow spectrophotometry was used to study the proton-driven stepwise ligand dissociation kinetics of tris(l-lysinehydroxamato)iron(III) at 25 °C and I = 2.0 M (HClO4/NaClO4). Defining kn and k-n as the stepwise ligand dissociation and association rate constants and n as the number of bound LyHA ligands, k3, k-3, k2, k-2...
Impact damage of laminated composite with energy dissipation: Part I — Nonhomogenous characteristics

Abstract Composite laminates could be made to diffuse penetration energy at predetermined rates in addition to locations. Materials with different hardness and toughness can be stacked in the appropriate sequence to create a more widespread damage pattern. The kinetic energy per unit volume of the laminate could then be reduced to prevent complete perforation. Analyzed in detail is the failure sequence of a tungsten rod (47 mm long and 14 mm in diameter) impacting a three-layered composite laminate at 1100 m/s. The top layer is a 6 mm thick ceramic (Al2O3). Sandwiched in between is a 10 mm thick rubber layer backed up by a 4 mm thick 4340 steel plate. At approximately 10 μs, the tungsten rod is already badly shattered, whereas the ceramic is only fragmented in a layer next to the surface. The ceramic reflects the impact waves which cause damage in the tungsten rod. Within the next 1.50 μs, i.e. 21.5 μs, the dissipated energy density in the rubber increased two orders of magnitude from 32.11 to 33.25 × 102 Pa while those in the ceramic and steel are much smaller. The highest temperature in the ceramic reached about 555°C and that in the back-up steel plate is only 275°C. Upon complete fragmentation of the tungsten rod, a through the thickness cavity is predicted in the ceramic while a mushroom head shaped crack is predicted in the rubber. Interfacial cracks are widespread but the steel layer remained intact. Presentation is divided into two parts. Part I describes the basic scheme of the methodology and the nonhomogeneous character of response within each layer of the composite laminate. That is the constitutive relation for each material element is derived according to the local strain and strain rate rather than preassumed. Thermal/mechanical interactions are synchronized by application of the isoenergy density theory in nonequilibrium thermomechanics. At 0.15 μs, concentration of energy is detected at the impact site and ceramic/rubber interface. The finite element grid pattern had to be remeshed after 50 μs to account for the discontinuities created by damage at the interphases. Modelled in Part 11 are the evolution of damage in steps until the tungsten rod is completely destroyed. Nonequilibrium data such as load strain rates, temperatures, dissipation energies, etc. are given numerically and displayed graphically.
Dynamic multi-rigid-body systems with concurrent distributed contacts

Consider a system of rigid bodies with multiple concurrent contacts. The multi-rigidbody contact problem is to predict the accelerations of the bodies and the normal and friction loads acting at the contacts. This paper presents theoretical results for the multi-rigid-body contact problem under the assumptions that one or more contacts occur over locally planar, finite regions and that friction forces are consistent with the maximum work inequality. Existence and uniqueness results are presented for this problem under mild assumptions on the system inputs. In addition, the performance of two different time-stepping methods for integrating the dynamics are compared on two simple problems.
Simulation models for evaluation of airport baggage-handling systems

Computer simulation models were used to evaluate alternative designs of hypothetical baggage-handling systems for large-capacity aircraft under different baggage-per-passenger conditions. The program was written in GPSS III. Performance indices and criteria used in evaluating relative merits of various system-design alternatives include (1) average delay for individual passengers, (2) standard deviation of delay for individual passengers, (3) maximum delay for individual passengers, and (4) total delay for all passengers, in passenger-hours. Recommendations are made for refinements of the models and for further research.
Moire' Patterns and Two-Dimensional Aliasing in Line Scanner Data Acquisition Systems

The basic mechanism underlying the generation of Moire' patterns in line scanner data acquisition systems is examined. A general expression is developed in terms of typical system parameters for the reproduced image of such systems and the interaction of the image spectrum; the raster frequency and digital sampling frequency of the A/D conversion process are discussed and examples given. System design requirements for avoiding Moire' pattern generation and two-dimensional aliasing are discussed.
Rank constrained temporal-spatial filters for CDMA systems in multipath channels

In this paper, a receiver structure which combines multiuser detection (temporal filtering) and receiver beamforming (spatial filtering) in a multipath environment is considered. Following Yener et al. [2001] and Miller and Schwartz [1995], we model the receiver as a linear matrix filter and use the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) as the performance criterion. Motivated by the complexity of the optimum receiver, we propose rank constrained temporal-spatial filters which are simpler and near optimum. The MSE is minimized subject to a structural constraint, using an iterative alternating minimization algorithm. Numerical results indicate that a performance close to that of the optimum filter can be achieved with a simple iterative structure, even in highly loaded systems. Least mean squares (LMS) is used to formulate the adaptive implementations and the convergence properties are investigated along with the effect of the number of multipath components.
Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Desensitization by IL-16/CD4 Signaling Is Dependent on CCR5 and Intact Membrane Cholesterol

Previous work has shown that IL-16/CD4 induces desensitization of both CCR5- and CXCR4-induced migration, with no apparent effect on CCR2b or CCR3. To investigate the functional relationship between CD4 and other chemokine receptors, we determined the effects of IL-16 interaction with CD4 on CXCR3-induced migration. In this study we demonstrate that IL-16/CD4 induced receptor desensitization of CXCR3 on primary human T cells. IL-16/CD4 stimulation does not result in surface modulation of CXCR3 or changes in CXCL10 binding affinity. This effect does require p56(lck) enzymatic activity and the presence of CCR5, because desensitization is not transmitted in the absence of CCR5. Treatment of human T cells with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol chelator, prevented the desensitization of CXCR3 via IL-16/CD4, which was restored after reloading of cholesterol, indicating a requirement for intact cholesterol. These studies demonstrate an intimate functional relationship among CD4, CCR5, and CXCR3, in which CCR5 can act as an adaptor molecule for CD4 signaling. This process of regulating Th1 cell chemoattraction may represent a mechanism for orchestrating cell recruitment in Th1-mediated diseases.
Switching characteristics and magnetoresistance of Co-based multilayered perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions

Perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJ) using Co based multilayers as free and reference layers have been optimized for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). The effect of seed layers, Co thickness and Co/Ni thickness ratio on the anisotropy of these multilayer films has been studied. Intermixing of these multilayers was analyzed by local electrode atom probe (LEAP). The effect of Co thickness, Pd thickness and number of Co/Pd bilayers on the anisotropy and coercivity of the [Co/Pd] n multilayer films have been studied for both free and reference layers. The magnetic behavior of these PMA systems was studied by alternating gradient magnetometer. CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB trilayers sandwiched between the PMA multilayer material systems were studied. The transport properties of the patterned MTJ stacks were measured by PPMS from 10K to 400 K. A maximum TMR of 10% at 10K (5-10% at 300 K) was obtained for these perpendicular MTJ’s (pMTJ), regardless of whether they were magnetically annealed for MgO-CoFeB crystallization or not, indicating that the fcc-bcc-fcc transitions from the fcc multilayers to the bcc CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB do not promote the “giant MgO TMR effect” caused by symmetry filtering.
Serum Myoglobin and Renal Morbidity and Mortality following Thoracic and Thoraco-Abdominal Aortic Repair : Does Rhabdomyolysis Play a Role?

Abstract Objectives The intractability of renal dysfunction following thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aortic repair leads us to believe that the accepted mechanisms of renal injury – ischaemia and embolism – are incompletely explanatory. We studied postoperative myoglobinaemia and renal dysfunction following aortic surgery. Methods Between September 2006 and February 2008, we studied serum myoglobin in 109 patients requiring thoracic/thoraco-abdominal repair for three postoperative days. Forty-two of the 109 (38%) patients were female. The median age was 67 years (range 23–84 years). As we have focussed more attention on renal function, our independent renal consultants have dialysed more aggressively. We divided dialysis into: (1) creatinine indication, (2) non-creatinine indication and (3) no dialysis. Results Thirteen of the 109 (12%) patients met creatinine indication for dialysis (>4mgdl −1 ) and an additional 28 (26%) were dialysed for other reasons. Overall mortality was 12 out of 109 (11%) cases: 11 out of 41 (27%) in dialysed patients and one out of 68 (1.5%) in non-dialysed patients. Mortality did not differ between the indications for dialysis. Predictors of mortality were baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR), postoperative myoglobin and dialysis. The only predictor of dialysis was postoperative myoglobin. Conclusion A strong relationship between postoperative serum myoglobin and renal failure suggests a rhabdomyolysis-like contributing aetiology following thoraco-abdominal aortic repair. We postulate a novel mechanism of renal injury for which mitigation strategies should be developed.
Making Meaning: Individual and Group Response within a Book Club Structure.

This article positions a view of student responses with relation to current literacy expectations. Student responses to a single book, The Egypt Game, are explored. The responses are analysed from ...
NMR, IR, Mossbauer and quantum chemical investigations of metalloporphyrins and metalloproteins

We review contributions made towards the elucidation of CO and O2 binding geometries in respiratory proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and quantum chemistry have all been used to investigate the Fe–ligand interactions. Early experimental results showed linear correlations between 17O chemical shifts and the infrared stretching frequency (νCO) of the CO ligand in carbonmonoxyheme proteins and between the 17O chemical shift and the 13CO shift. These correlations led to early theoretical investigations of the vibrational frequency of carbon monoxide and of the 13C and 17O NMR chemical shifts in the presence of uniform and non-uniform electric fields. Early success in modeling these spectroscopic observables then led to the use of computational methods, in conjunction with experiment, to evaluate ligand-binding geometries in heme proteins. Density functional theory results are described which predict 57Fe chemical shifts and Mossbauer ele...