cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New class of biodegradable polymers formed from reactions of an inorganic functional group.

Although numerous small molecules have been synthesized with sulfenamide bonds (R2N–SR), this is the first report of the synthesis of polysulfenamides. These polymers are readily synthesized at room temperature using secondary diamines and dithiosuccinimides. The dithiosuccinimides were readily synthesized in one step by the reaction of dithiols such as HS(CH2)6SH with N-chlorosuccinimide. The resulting dithiosuccinimides were either recrystallized or readily purified by chromatography on silica gel and required no special handling. The conversions of polymerization ranged from 95 to 98%, and the molecular weights of the polymer reached as high as 6300 g mol–1. The sulfenamide bond was very stable in organic solvents, and no degradation was observed under atmospheric conditions in C6D6 for 30 days. In contrast, the sulfenamide bond readily decomposed in less than 12 h in D2O. Polysulfenamides were fabricated into micrometer-sized particles loaded with dye and endocytosed into JAWSII immature dendritic and...
FR II Broad Absorption Line Quasars and the Life Cycle of Quasars

By combining the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey Third Data Release quasar list with the VLA FIRST survey, we have identified five objects having both broad absorption lines in their optical spectra and FR-II radio morphologies. We identify an additional example of this class from the FIRST Bright Quasar Survey, J1408+3054. Including the original FR-II-BAL object, J1016+5209, brings the number of such objects to eight. These quasars are relatively rare; finding this small handful has required the 45,000-large quasar sample of SDSS. The FR-II-BAL quasars exhibit a significant anti-correlation between radio-loudness and the strength of the BAL features. This is easily accounted for by the evolutionary picture in which quasars emerge from cocoons of BAL-producing material which stifle the development of radio jets and lobes. There is no such simple explanation for the observed properties of FR-II-BALs in the unification-by-orientation model of quasars. The rarity of the FR-II-BAL class implies that the two phases do not coexist for very long in a single quasar, perhaps less than 10{sup 5} years, with the combined FR-II, high ionization broad absorption phase being even shorter by another factor of 10 or more.
A note on OPEC market power and oil prices

A static model of OPEC as a cartel with a fringe group of competitive producers is used to define short-and long-run monopoly price curves as a function of OPEC's market share. A static model is used on the grounds that oil, as Adelman has argued, is not a depletable resource in the sense of the Hotelling theory, but is more like a normal good that can be produced with application of labour, capital, resources and technology. A rational cartel will choose prices that lie between the two curves. The shapes of the curves depend on the world price elasticity of demand for oil and on the supply response rate of competitive oil producers. As OPEC's market share increases, the distances between the two curves increase rapidly. This could lead to an unstable market since any price between the two curves would be obtainable in the short run. In the long run, prices above the long-run price curve will result in a loss of market share for the cartel (except in a growing market), reducing the cartel's market power. Future work will extend the model to consider dynamic pricing strategies as a function of the cartel's discount rate and world market response rate.
What drives knickpoints to migrate upstream

Mountain landscapes are shaped by tectonic uplift, which creates topography, and climate, which determines the rate at which erosion wears down upland areas. Networks of rivers and streams transmit both tectonic and climate signals to landscapes: On a fundamental level, their erosive power is determined by the mountain's steepness, a factor controlled by the rate of tectonic uplift, and the river discharge, a factor set by climate forces such as precipitation rates across an area. Whittaker and Boulton seek to answer the question of how exactly rivers and streams are affected by climate and tectonics. They focus on knickpoints, which they define as the precise location on a river-long profile that plots channel elevation downstream distance, where the steepness of the stream bed changes most rapidly. Knickpoints migrate upstream depending on the flow of the river, the properties of the rock underlying it, and the degree to which rapid tectonic uplift causes the river to incise to keep pace with the rock uplift rate. But which of these factors dominate?
Deficiency of double mutant recombinants in crosses of phage T4.

Only 1.4% of the double mutant recombinants expected on the basis of wild-type recombination frequencies were observed in the combined data from two-factor crosses between a gene 37 amber mutant, amB280, and eighteen different temperature sensitive mutants which were also defective in gene 37. Similar, though less extreme, deficiencies of double mutant recombinants were observed by Doermann and Parma (1968) for mutants in several other genes. In our amB280xts crosses, frequencies of wild-type recombinants were in reasonably good agreement with those expected from the map positions of the mutants determined in crosses not involving amB280. Wild-type and double mutant recombinants were found at comparable frequencies when each of three other gene 37 amber mutants was crossed to a gene 37 temperature sensitive mutant.
LAMMA mass spectra of β‐diketone, bis(benzoylacetone)ethylenediimine and bis(salicylidene)ethylenediimine complexes of some transition metals

Complexes of 2,4-pentanedione (acetylacetone, acac), [Cu(acac)2], [VO(acac)2] and [CO(acac)3], and the chromium(III) derivative of 3-methyl-2,4-pentanedione (methylacetylacetone, meac), [Cr(meac)3], the ligands bis(benzoylacetone)ethylenediimine and bis(salicylidene)ethylenediimine, and their cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) chelates were analysed by laser desorption mass spectrometry (LAMMA) and compared to electron impact (EI) results. The positive ion LAMMA spectra generally reveal mostly small fragments, although metal cationization peaks are seen for most complexes. Negative ion LAMMA produce carbon clusters and some structurally important fragments.
Deuterium exchange as an indicator of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.

Hydrogen−deuterium exchange has been used to determine the hydrogen bonding preferences of a select group of small peptides in organic solvents. This kinetic analysis permitted comparison of hydrogen bond strengths in relation to controls and also indicated the identity of both hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors.
Analysis of silage composition by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Two studies were performed to investigate the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) with undried silages. In the first study silages were analyzed for major components (e. g. dry matter crude protein and other forms of nitrogen fiber and in vitro digestible dry matter) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). NIRS was found to operate satisfactorily except for some forms of nitrogen and SCFA. In study two various methods of grinding spectral regions and sample presentation were examined. Undried Wiley ground samples in a rectangular cell gave the best overall results for non-dry ice undried grinds with wavelengths between 1100 and 2498 nm. Silages scanned after drying however produced the best results. Intact samples did not perform as well as ground samples and wavelengths below 1100 nm were of little use. 2 .
Energy vs. QoS Tradeoff Analysis of Multipath Routing Protocols for Intrusion Tolerance in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we analyze the tradeoff between energy consumption vs. Quality of Service (QoS) gain in reliability, timeliness, and security in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) utilizing multipath routing to answer user queries in the presence of unreliable and malicious nodes. We formulate the tradeoff as an optimization problem for determining the best redundancy level to apply to multipath routing so that the query response success probability is maximized while prolonging the sensor network lifetime. We consider the optimization problem for the case in which a voting-based distributed intrusion detection algorithm is applied to detect and evict malicious nodes of various types in a HWSN. We identify the optimal redundancy level and intrusion detection setting under which the HWSN lifetime is maximized while satisfying the QoS requirements of query responses in reliability, timeliness and security.
Polarization dependent formation of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures near stepped features

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are formed near 110 nm-tall Au microstructured edges on Si substrates after single-pulse femtosecond irradiation with a 150 fs pulse centered near a 780 nm wavelength. We investigate the contributions of Fresnel diffraction from step-edges and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation to LIPSS formation on Au and Si surfaces. For certain laser polarization vector orientations, LIPSS formation is dominated by SPP excitation; however, when SPP excitation is minimized, Fresnel diffraction dominates. The LIPSS orientation and period distributions are shown to depend on which mechanism is activated. These results support previous observations of the laser polarization vector influencing LIPSS formation on bulk surfaces.
Exceptionality and natural language learning

Previous work has argued that memory-based learning is better than abstraction-based learning for a set of language learning tasks. In this paper, we first attempt to generalize these results to a new set of language learning tasks from the area of spoken dialog systems and to a different abstraction-based learner. We then examine the utility of various exceptionality measures for predicting where one learner is better than the other. Our results show that generalization of previous results to our tasks is not so obvious and some of the exceptionality measures may be used to characterize the performance of our learners.
Subpixel shift with Fourier transform to achieve efficient and high-quality image interpolation

A new approach to image interpolation is proposed. Different from the conventional scheme, the interpolation of a digital image is achieved with a sub-unity coordinate shift technique. In the approach, the original image is first shifted by sub-unity distances matching the locations where the image values need to be restored. The original and the shifted images are then interspersed together, yielding an interpolated image. High quality sub-unity image shift which is crucial to the approach is accomplished by implementing the shift theorem of Fourier transformation. It is well known that under the Nyquist sampling criterion, the most accurate image interpolation can be achieved with the interpolating function (sinc function). A major drawback is its computation efficiency. The present approach can achieve an interpolation quality as good as that with the sinc function since the sub-unity shift in Fourier domain is equivalent to shifting the sinc function in spatial domain, while the efficiency, thanks to the fast Fourier transform, is very much improved. In comparison to the conventional interpolation techniques such as linear or cubic B-spline interpolation, the interpolation accuracy is significantly enhanced. In order to compensate for the under-sampling effects in the interpolation of 3D medical images owing to a larger inter-slice distance, proper window functions were recommended. The application of the approach to 2- and 3-D CT and MRI images produced satisfactory interpolation results.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Kinetochore fiber formation in animal somatic cells: dueling mechanisms come to a draw

The attachment to and movement of a chromosome on the mitotic spindle are mediated by the formation of a bundle of microtubules (MTs) that tethers the kinetochore on the chromosome to a spindle pole. The origin of these "kinetochore fibers" (K fibers) has been investigated for over 125 years. As noted in 1944 by Schrader [Mitosis, Columbia University Press, New York, 110 pp.], there are three possible ways to form a K fiber: (a) it grows from the pole until it contacts the kinetochore, (b) it grows directly from the kinetochore, or (c) it forms as a result of an interaction between the pole and the chromosome. Since Schrader's time, it has been firmly established that K fibers in centrosome-containing animal somatic cells form as kinetochores capture MTs growing from the spindle pole (route a). It is now similarly clear that in cells lacking centrosomes, including higher plants and many animal oocytes, K fibers "self-assemble" from MTs generated by the chromosomes (route b). Can animal somatic cells form K fibers in the absence of centrosomes by the "self-assembly" pathway? In 2000, the answer to this question was shown to be a resounding "yes." With this result, the next question became whether the presence of a centrosome normally suppresses K fiber self-assembly or if this route works concurrently with centrosome-mediated K-fiber formation. This question, too, has recently been answered: observations on untreated live animal cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged tubulin clearly show that kinetochores can nucleate the formation of their associated MTs in a unique manner in the presence of functional centrosomes. The concurrent operation of these two "dueling" routes for forming K fibers in animal cells helps explain why the attachment of kinetochores and the maturation of K fibers occur as quickly as they do on all chromosomes within a cell.
The usefulness of the Brief Symptom Inventory in the neuropsychological evaluation of traumatic brain injury

Changes in the health care delivery system are forcing clinicians to use less timely and more cost efficient measures. In rehabilitation, more efficient measures of emotional-behavioural functioning are being administered to patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), a 53 item short version of the Symptom Checklist-90 that assesses nine different dimensions of emotional-behavioural functioning. Because the BSI was developed for use with psychiatric populations, research of the measure with TBI populations is needed. The current study evaluated the utility of the BSI in a sample of 62 patients (34 male, 28 female, average age 35, average education 12 years) with TBI evaluated as outpatients at a midwestern rehabilitation hospital. Results indicated that: (1) subjects endorsed clinically elevated distress on seven of the nine subscales when compared to the normative sample; (2) the Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) subscale achieved the highest t-score (70.31); 3) the most frequent two-point profiles included the OC-Somatic (21%) and OC-Psychoticism (13%) subscales; and (3) the Global Symptom Index was significantly correlated with all nine subscales. It was concluded that caution must be used when administering the BSI to individuals with TBI due to a lack of a TBI standardization sample, the limited number of test items per subscale, and questionable labels for the different subscales (e.g. OC subscale items appear to be more reflective of TBI-related cognitive impairment than obsessive-compulsive traits).
In vivo regulation of recombinant cardiac myosin heavy chain gene expression by thyroid hormone

Cardiac myocytes have the unique ability to express exogenous genes that have been injected directly into the heart tissue in vivo. This technique makes it possible to identify cis-acting DNA sequences responsible for the regulation of myocyte-specific genes in a working heart. In these studies we introduced recombinant plasmids containing 5'-flanking sequences of the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha MHC) gene into the rat myocardium in order to identify sufficient promoter/enhancer sequences that faithfully reproduced the activity of the endogenous gene. The transcriptional activity of the alpha MHC promoter sequence was measured by the level of activity of the firefly luciferase reporter gene and was reported as the activity relative to a coinjected constitutively active viral promoter construct (pRSVCAT) which corrected for variations in DNA uptake and posttranscriptional events. We report that a recombinant plasmid containing 5'-flanking sequences -2560 to +421 basepairs of the transcriptional start si...
Turning on the undergraduate computer science student: A RE-IPL suggestion

The School of Advanced Technology currently has a number of courses that are used to better acclimate students on the graduate level to an industrial environment. This paper describes a two-course sequence designed for the undergraduate level that serves the same purpose.
Quantification of monocarboxylic acids from a spark discharge synthesis

A suite of sixteen monocarboxylic acids having carbon numbers 2 to 7, formed by the Miller-Urey spark discharge process, were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and mass fragmentography using a deuterium spiking technique. The molar concentration and isomeric distribution of these laboratory synthesized monocarboxylic acids are compared to those previously reported for the Murchison meteorite. They show similar trends, namely, decreasing molar concentration with increasing molecular weight, and, the ratio of normal/branched isomers tend toward smaller with increasing carbon numbers.
An exploration of treatment and supervision intensity among drug court and non-drug court participants

Evidence is accumulating that drug court programs appear effective in reducing the substance use and recidivism of drug-involved offenders. As there is no single drug court model, programs vary from site to site and the extent to which individual programs are fully implemented is not well documented. The extent to which drug court programs deliver more extensive services to individual offenders than to comparable individuals not participating in drug courts is also not well understood. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of the supervision and treatment delivered to a sample of individuals participating in drug courts in Broward and Hillsborough counties, Florida, and to a sample of comparable drug-involved individuals who were sentenced to probation. Data are from in-person interviews conducted shortly after program entry and nine months following the “baseline” interview. Results suggest that the intensity of supervision and the likelihood of treatment were greater for those involved in drug cou...
Entropy production in a reactive collision

Abstract The quantum dynamical entropy of a molecular collision process is defined, computed as a function of a reaction coordinate for the coplanar hydrogen exchange reaction, and found to be close to its maximum possible value throughout the product region.
Energy disposal in gas‐phase nucleophilic displacement reactions

The partitioning of reaction exothermicity into relative translational energy of the products of gas-phase S N 2 (F − +CH 3 Cl) and nucelophilic aromatic substitution (F − +C 6 H 5 Cl) reactions has been investigated using kinetic energy release Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. The chloride product ion is observed to be highly translationally excited for the S N 2 reaction, indicating a cold internal energy distribution for the products. For the chlorobenzene reaction the products are not generated with large translational energies
Predicting who rated what in large-scale datasets

KDD Cup 2007 focuses on movie rating behaviors. The goal of the task "Who Rated What" is to predict whether "existing" users will review "existing" movies in the future. We cast the task as a link prediction problem and address it via a simple classification approach. Compared with other applications for link prediction, there are two major challenges in our task: (1) the huge size of the Netflix data; (2) the prediction target is complicated by many factors, such as a general decrease of interest in old movies and more tendency to review more movies by Netflix users due to the success of the internet DVD rental industries. We address the first challenge by "selective" subsampling and the second by combining information from the review scores, movie contents and graph topology effectively.
Cosmic turbulence revisited

Inflation is found to naturally provide mechanisms for the direct generation of cosmic turbulence on the same scales as those on which density perturbations are formed. Since the observational constraints on turbulence could translate into constraints on inflation itself, these results call for a reexamination of the issue of cosmic turbulence. It is found that by the end of inflation, the amplitude of the generated turbulent velocity has been suppressed by a factor approximately greater than 10 exp 100. Inflation therefore assures the absence of turbulence on scales of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. In addition, it is shown that the density fluctuations generated by inflation can excite longitudinal turbulence after they reenter the Hubble radius at later cosmic epochs.
Representation of permutations, combinations and dihedral elements as trees

Abstract Permutations and combinations of n objects as well as the elements of the dihedral group of order 2n (i.e. flips and rotation of an n-gon) are represented as nodes of trees. The algorithms for generating the nodes and traversing the trees are illustrated using flowcharts and specific walk-throughs for given values of n. Any programming language that allows recursive calls can be used to implement these algorithms.
Model evaluation of geochemically induced swelling/shrinkage in argillaceous formations for nuclear waste disposal

Abstract Argillaceous formations are being considered as host rocks for geologic disposal of nuclear waste in a number of countries. One advantage of emplacing nuclear waste in such formations is the potential self-sealing capability of clay due to swelling, which is of particular importance for the sealing and healing of disturbed rock zones (DRZ). It is therefore necessary to understand and be able to predict the changes in swelling properties within clay rock near the waste-emplacement tunnel. In this paper, considering that the clay rock formation is mostly under saturated conditions and the swelling property changes are mostly due to geochemical changes, we propose a modeling method that links a THC simulator with a swelling module that is based on diffuse double layer theory. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the geochemically induced changes in the swelling properties of the clay rock. Our findings are as follows: (1) geochemically induced swelling/shrinkage occurs exclusively in the EBS–clay formation interface, within a few meters from the waste-emplacement tunnels; (2) swelling/shrinkage-induced porosity changes are generally much smaller than those caused by mineral precipitation/dissolution processes; (3) geochemically induced swelling/shrinkage of the host clay rock is affected by variations in the pore water chemistry, exchangeable cations, and smectite abundance. Neglecting any of these three factors might lead to a miscalculation of the geochemically induced swelling pressure.
Romaine lettuce latex deters feeding of banded cucumber beetle: a vehicle for deployment of biochemical defenses

Latex is widely found among plant species and is known to play a defensive role against certain herbivores. Two romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) cultivars, ‘Valmaine’ (resistant) and ‘Tall Guzmaine’ (susceptible), were selected to study the potential of latex as a defense mechanism against the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Latex from Valmaine strongly inhibited feeding of adult D. balteata compared to latex from Tall Guzmaine when applied to the surface of artificial diet. Beetles consumed significantly less diet from disks treated with Valmaine latex than they consumed from diet treated with Tall Guzmaine latex, in both choice and no-choice tests. In a choice test involving diet disks treated with Valmaine latex from young leaves vs. disks treated with latex from mature leaves, the beetles consumed significantly less diet treated with latex from young leaves. No significant difference in diet consumption was found between diets treated with latex from young and mature leaves of Tall Guzmaine in choice tests. Three solvents of differing polarity (water, methanol, and methylene chloride) were tested to extract deterrent compounds from latex; Valmaine latex extracted with water:methanol (20:80) strongly inhibited beetle feeding when applied to the surface of artificial diet. In no-choice tests, fewer beetles were observed feeding on diet treated with water:methanol (20:80) extract of Valmaine latex than on diet treated with a similar extract of Tall Guzmaine latex, resulting in significantly less consumption of the diet treated with the Valmaine latex extract. These studies suggest that moderately polar chemicals within latex may account for resistance in Valmaine to D. balteata.
Calculation of vibrational frequencies using molecular trajectories

Abstract Vibrational frequencies calculated using the mass-weighted Hessian matrix assume simple harmonic motion in a parabolic potential. By explicit calculation of the time-dependent normal coordinates, the non-parabolic nature of the potential can be considered. For small systems, taking into account the non-parabolic nature of the potential lowers the higher vibrational frequencies by approximately 40 cm−1.
Syncope and orthostatic intolerance.

A sudden, unexpected loss of consciousness is one of the more dramatic and anxiety-provoking symptoms encountered by patients. Syncope, however, is a common clinical manifestation of a number of disorders of diverse mechanisms. The final common pathway in all, however, is insufficient cerebral perfusion to maintain consciousness. Symptoms short of frank syncope (presyncope), however, are also common and may seem relatively nonspecific in isolation or out of context. The current view is to consider one’s capacity for postural and similar challenges as orthostatic tolerance that can be impaired by a wide variety of disorders and manifested symptomatically under certain conditions. For diagnosis, syncope must be differentiated from other processes with paroxysmal onset and altered consciousness, such as seizures, drop attacks, metabolic disturbances, or psychiatric events. After many events no residual abnormalities are evident on examination or on initial studies to prove a specific diagnosis. More than most areas of medicine this lack of objective residua makes a detailed and accurate history the most important aspect of diagnosis to separate syncope from other processes. The distinction is vital for clinical decision making and treatment. Once a designation is made, alternative diagnoses may not be subsequently adequately considered even if correct. This article focuses on syncope from the perspective of the neurologist and the disorders generally considered in the setting of acute and perceived transient loss of consciousness. Classic manifestations are highlighted in the case examples. The numerous and important causes of syncope related to primary cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction (cardiac syncope) mostly caused by insufficient cardiac output despite adequate venous supply are acknowledged but not detailed. Some prominent examples include valvular
Changes in the volume of coastal dunes in New Jersey, USA

Abstract Changes in dune volume are calculated from survey profiles in representative communities in New Jersey to provide perspective on the value of dunes for sediment storage. The volumes of the dunes range from negligible to 311 m3/m of shoreline. Changes over a six-year period vary from losses of up to 116 m3/m of the dune to a growth of up to 44 m3/m. Despite large volume losses, the dunes in the undeveloped control area contain sufficient sediment to provide protection against storms with greater than a 100-year recurrence interval. Levels of protection are considerably lower at many developed sites. Dune sediments at the developed sites comprise between 9.4% and 27.7% of the total volume in the beach/dune profile above mean sea level. The size of the dunes and their volume changes may appear small, but the sediment provides a substantial amount of shore protection, and modest dune-building efforts have a pronounced effect on levels of protection.
OFFICE PAPER RECYCLING: A FUNCTION OF CONTAINER PROXIMITY

The experiment reported here served as a thesis submitted by the first author to the graduate school at the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree. These data were first reported at the 18th annual convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis, May 1992. We gratefully acknowledge Barbara Etzel and Keith Miller, thesis committee members, for their editorial assistance, and Jill Young for obtaining interobserver agreement measures. We investigated the effects of proximity of containers on pounds of office paper recycled and not recycled by 25 employees. During a memo and central container condition, one container for recyclable paper was provided; in a memo and local container condition, desktop recycling bins, announced by memo, were successively introduced across administrative, office, and instructional settings using a multiple baseline design. Only 28% of paper was recycled in the central container condition, but when recycling containers were placed in close proximity to participants, 85% to 94% of all recyclable paper was recycled. Follow-up assessments, conducted 1, 2, 3, and 7 months after all settings received local recycling containers, showed that 84% to 98% of paper was recycled. Providing desktop recycling containers was a cost-effective procedure with long-term maintenance and program survival.
Improving management performance in rapidly changing organizations

This article reports the results of a study on management development practices in US service and manufacturing organizations. Data and statistical analyses from a sample of 433 middle and front‐line managers from 59 different US service and manufacturing organizations are reported which examined: What specific management development practices are most important from a manager’s perspective to improving their performance in rapidly changing organizations; and, are managers actually getting the development experiences they need to be effective in these organizations? Among the top ten important practices identified by managers as improving their performance, focus, feedback, and learning (e.g. problem solving, new communication and leadership) by experience are re‐occurring themes. The results also point to startling differences between the management development experiences they want and what they are actually getting from their organizations. Based on the data a series of lessons for improving the effectiveness of managers is provided.
Residential learning communities centered within a discipline: The Psychology Early Awareness Program

This chapter describes the Psychology Early Awareness Program (PEAP) at Loyola Marymount University, a residential learning community centered within a discipline. We discuss the theory that supports the value of living-learning communities, describe how this guided the development of PEAP, and summarize the benefits of this approach.
The inner golfer in dermatology: “You might as well praise me for not robbing banks”: Airplane notes and the Board certifying examination

Luke Lane is a second-year resident in a dermatology residency. He and his fellow residents are already fretting about their preparation for the dermatology certification examination. Passage of the certifying Board examination is a very high-stakes undertaking. Board certification is a requirement of many insurance companies, important for academic stature for university professors, and one of the highest honors that can be achieved by a dermatologist. Historically residents in preceding years who had taken the certifying Board examination had tried to write down as many questions and topics that were on the examination and hand them off to the more junior residents. These ‘‘airplane notes’’ have been a tradition for many decades and have been used as a way to help ensure younger residents that they were well prepared for their examination. Residents have historically known that a significant number of questions on the Board examinations are recycled questions and familiarity with old test questionsconveysasignificantadvantage.Thethird-yearresidentsareLuke’sfriendsandhavepromised to continue this tradition to help their junior residents in their preparation for the Boards. Recently there have been official broadcast e-mail statements from the American Board of Dermatology (ABD) stating that the Board ‘‘has always been opposed to the use of its copyrighted test material, and has openly discussed its opposition to this practice (‘airplane notes’) in the ABD Resident Newsletter and at the Residents in Transition Forum held at the annual American Academy of Dermatology meeting.’’ 1 In addition, residents are required to sign at the start of the Board and practice Board examinations the following statement: ‘‘I agree not to retain the certifying examination of the American Board of Dermatologyinanyformat,nottofurnishanyquestionstoanyentity,andnottodiscussthequestionsor answers with anyone other than the physicians who have taken this examination with me.’’ 1 Luke should: A. Accept the airplane notes from his friends as residents have done for decades before him. To not accept these notes will put him at a major disadvantage when he takes the examination as all his friends at other residencies are continuing this practice. B. Not accept the notes from the graduates who have taken the examination and know that he is following the rules although he is putting himself in a potentially vulnerable position as his peers in his own residency and other residencies may be continuing this tradition. C. Not accept the notes from the graduates who have taken the examination but discuss with them topics that are covered on the examination so that he knows he is preparing correctly. D. Do none of the above.
Effect of a chelating agent (EDTA) on the tobacco hornworm.

Several adverse effects were observed in developing Manduca Sexta (Johanson), fed on a diet containing the tetrasodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Delayed development, paralysis, molting difficulties, morphological abnormalities, and mortality were some of the effects noted. These effects were influenced not only by the concentrations of EDTA in the diet but also by the length of time the lanrae were fed on the diet.
Geriatric assessment teams: What they are and who they can help

Various types of geriatric assessment teams and environments for these programs are described. Included are the components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment: physical, psychological, socioeconomic, and functional. This is a comprehensive view of the diversified manner in which an effective geriatric assessment team may be structured. The need for follow-through on the teams' recommendations is emphasized. The ability of professionals in any setting to identify the need for a comprehensive geriatric assessment is vital.
Why Are Buckyonions Round

Multi-layered round carbon particles (onions) containing tens to hundreds of thousands of atoms form during electron irradiation of graphite carbon. However, theoretical models of large icosahedral fullerenes predict highly faceted shapes for molecules with more than a few hundred atoms. This discrepancy in shape may be explained by the presence of defects during the formation of carbon onions. Here, we use the semi-empirical tight-binding method for carbon to simulate the incorporation of pentagon-heptagon defects on to the surface of large icosahedral fullerenes. We show a simple mechanism that results in energetically competitive derivative structures and a global change in molecular shape from faceted to round. Our results provide a plausible explanation of the apparent discrepancy between experimental observations of round buckyonions and theoretical predictions of faceted icosahedral fullerenes.
Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Hybrid Bluegill Lepomis cyanellus × L. macrochirus Fed Practical Diets Containing Various Percentages of Protein

Growth, survival, and body composition were evaluated in two feeding trials using juvenile hybrid bluegill Lepomis cyanellus×L. macrochirus. In Experiment 1, hybrid bluegill (20 g) were stocked into 1.25-m3 cages at a rate of 300 fish/cage and fed diets containing 35, 40, 44, or 48% protein for 12 wk. Fish meal comprised 32% of the dietary protein in all diets. Fish were fed all they could consume in 40 min. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in individual length, individual weight, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found among treatments and averaged 13.4 cm, 47.4 g, 1.02%/d, 1.96, and 4.06, respectively. Whole-body composition of hybrid bluegill indicated that fish fed a diet containing 35% protein had a significantly lower (P 0.05) compared to fish fed a diet containing 36% protein (251%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of hybrid bluegill fed diets containing 36% and 38% protein (average 1.39) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than fish fed a diet with 28% protein (1.73). Results from these studies indicate that hybrid bluegill can be fed a practical diet containing 35–36% protein (with fish meal comprising 32% of the protein). Further refinement of the diet formulation may allow producers to reduce diet and production costs.
Cost-stable truck scheduling at a cross-dock facility with unknown truck arrivals: A meta-heuristic approach

Abstract We study a cross-dock operator’s truck scheduling problem at inbound doors in case of unknown truck arrival times. Due to uncertainty of truck arrivals, a scheduling strategy is subject to variations in costs of serving the trucks. A cost-stable scheduling strategy is defined as a schedule with low variation levels. In this paper, we analyze the cross-dock operator’s problem of determining a cost-stable scheduling strategy while minimizing the average of total service costs. A bi-objective bi-level optimization problem is formulated and we discuss a genetic algorithm based heuristic to find Pareto efficient schedules. The proposed approach is compared to first-come-first-served policies.
Toward a better understanding of synthesis and processing of ceramic/self-assembled monolayer bilayer coatings

Ceramic/self-assembled monolayer (SAM) bilayer coatings can provide adequate protection for silicon devices, or act as a multipurpose coating for other electronic applications, due to synergistic effects by forming a hybrid coating structure. The organic SAM layer acts as a “template” for the growth of the ceramic layer, while the ceramic layer can provide protection from environmental and mechanical impact. Low-temperature solution-based deposition techniques, namely, an in-situ solution method (biomimetic) and a hydrothermal method, have been employed in this study. Specifically, phosphonate-based (diethyl phosphatoethyl triethoxy silane) SAMs were used as a template to generate a zirconia ceramic layer at low temperatures. Other organic templates such as -SiCl3-, -OH-, -HSO3-, or -CH3-terminated SAMs were also examined. The reactions to grow the ceramic film were found to be pH sensitive. The ceramic and SAM coatings were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques. A pathway for the formation of the ceramic coating is also discussed.
Characterization of retinoid-X receptor genes rxra, rxrba, rxrbb and rxrg during zebrafish development

During development of vertebrate embryos, retinoic acid plays a variety of roles that are mediated by binding to retinoic acid receptors (Rars) and their heterodimerization partners, the retinoid receptors (Rxrs). Here, we characterize the expression patterns of four zebrafish rxr genes during development and provide an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships between zebrafish and tetrapod Rxr genes based on sequence similarities and conserved syntenies. This analysis prompted the renaming of several of the zebrafish rxr genes to match their tetrapod orthologs. Understanding phylogenetic relationships among Rxr genes and their expression patterns during development provides a foundation for future studies of Rxr functions.
Function of specific bile acids in cholesterol esterase activity in vitro

Abstract Substrates for synthetic and hydrolytic pancreatic juice cholesterol esterase (sterol ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.13), activities were solubuized in micelles of phosphatidylcholine alone or mixed micelles of phosphatidylcholine and a bile acid. The comparative effectiveness of various bile acids in solubilizing the substrates, cholesterol and oleic acid, or cholesterol oleate, was measured turbidimetrically, and the effects of the same bile acids on enzymatic activity were quantitatively determined. In esterification studies, dihydroxy bile acids solubuized substrates as effectively as trihydroxy bile acids. However, only with the latter group, cholic acid and its conjugates, was there significant cholesterol esterification. Comparable results were obtained in hydrolysis studies; essentially no splitting of cholesterol oleate occurred in the absence of trihydroxycholanic acids. Even when cholesterol oleate was effectively solubuized in mixed micelles of glycodeoxycholate and phospholipid, no enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate occurred until taurocholate was added. Thus, cholic acid and its conjugates appear to be cofactors for pancreatic juice cholesterol esterase. Data obtained by microtitration of fatty acids and thin-layer silicic acid chromatography of the enzyme digests indicated that the bile acid did not complex with either the fatty acid or cholesterol substrates. The presence of taurocholate effectively prevented tryptic (trypsin, EC 3.4.4.4) and chymotryptic (chymotrypsin, EC 3.4.4.5) inactivation of cholesterol esterase, even though general proteolysis of pancreatic proteins was not effected. In the absence of taurocholate, trypsin addition resulted in complete loss of cholesterol esterase activity within 10 min. It appears, therefore, that the specific requirement of trihydroxy bile acids for cholesterol esterase activity, and the protective effect of taurocholate against proteolytic inactivation of this enzyme, are due to the formation of a specific bile acid-enzyme complex.
Citation analysis as a collection development tool: A bibliometric study of polymer science theses and dissertations

(1999). Citation analysis as a collection development tool: A bibliometric study of polymer science theses and dissertations. Serials Review: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 11-20.
Excitation Transfer in the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein of Amphidinium carterae

Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) is a unique light-harvesting protein that uses carotenoids as its primary light-absorbers. This paper theoretically investigates excitation transfer between carotenoids and chlorophylls in PCP of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. Calculations based on a description of the electronic states of the participating chromophores and on the atomic level structure of PCP seek to identify the mechanism and pathways of singlet excitation flow. After light absorption the optically allowed states of peridinins share their electronic excitation in excitonic fashion, but are not coupled strongly to chlorophyll residues in PCP. Instead, a gateway to chlorophyll Qy excitations is furnished through a low-lying optically forbidden excited state, populated through internal conversion. Carbonyl group and non-hydrogen side groups of peridinin are instrumental in achieving the respective coupling to chlorophyll. Triplet excitation transfer to peridinins, mediated by electron exchange, is found to efficiently protect chlorophylls against photo-oxidation.
A robust measure of correlation between two genes on a microarray

Background The underlying goal of microarray experiments is to identify gene expression patterns across different experimental conditions. Genes that are contained in a particular pathway or that respond similarly to experimental conditions could be co-expressed and show similar patterns of expression on a microarray. Using any of a variety of clustering methods or gene network analyses we can partition genes of interest into groups, clusters, or modules based on measures of similarity. Typically, Pearson correlation is used to measure distance (or similarity) before implementing a clustering algorithm. Pearson correlation is quite susceptible to outliers, however, an unfortunate characteristic when dealing with microarray data (well known to be typically quite noisy.)
Water-vapor plasma-based surface activation for trichlorosilane modification of PMMA.

Separation rates and resolutions within capillary electrophoretic (CE) systems can be enhanced when surface ζ potentials are uniform with minimum deviations from ideal pluglike flow. Microfluidic CE devices based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are being developed due to the optical clarity, availability, stability, and reproducible electroosmotic flow (EOF) rates displayed by this polymer. Control of EOF in polymer-based CE systems can be achieved by surface ζ potential alteration through chemical modification. Herein, a method will be presented for the surface functionalization of PMMA with chemistry analogous to formation of trichlorosilane self-assembled monolayers on SiO2. The current method involves two separate steps. First, surface activation with water-vapor plasma introduces surface hydroxylation. Second, treatment of the plasma-treated PMMA with a substituted trichlorosilane solution forms the functional surface layer. The modified surfaces were characterized using several analytical techni...
Identification of a zinc transporter gene in strawberry

We have cloned a ZRT (Zn-regulated transporter), IRT (Fe-regulated transporter)-like protein (ZIP) gene from the strawberry plant (Fragaria × ananassa Duch). This gene, designated as FaZIP1, is composed of three exons and two introns. The locations of the two introns (546 and 157 base pairs) in the gene were confirmed by sequence analysis of cDNA clones obtained by using 3′ and 5′ RNA ligase mediated-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) PCR. Also, based on the cDNA sequence, the transcriptional start site of FaZIP1 was assigned. FaZIP1 is predicted to code for a protein of 353 amino acids containing a signal peptide and eight potential transmembrane domains. Southern blot analysis indicated that FaZIP1 is a member of a multi-gene family. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the FaZIP1 gene is constitutively expressed in strawberry leaves and roots.
Disorder and the upper critical field of Nb 3 Ge

The upper critical field, H c2 , as determined from experimental values of T c and (dH c2 /dT) Tc , has been investigated in Nb 3 Ge superconducting thin films with different degree of structural disorder. An increase of H c2 (O) up to 36.9 T was found for samples with resistivities ranging from 40 μΩcm to 60μΩcm and a decrease of H c2 (O) to 5.7 T for ρ=150 μΩcm. Based on the Ginsburg-Landau solution for H c2 (O) and the change of the coherence length with the electron mean free path a model is presented which describes the change of H c2 (O) with resistivity, qualitatively.