cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Initiator Element and Proximal Upstream Sequences Affect Transcriptional Activity and Start Site Selection in the Amyloid β-Protein Precursor Promoter *

The TATA-less human amyloid β-protein precursor promoter contains an initiator element with the sequence CGTCA+1GTT. Primary transcriptional start sites were identified at positions +1 and -4. Deletion of the upstream activator elements APBβ and APBα did not affect the selection of transcriptional start sites, although total transcriptional activity was reduced both in vitro and in vivo. Mutations within the initiator element shifted the transcriptional start sites and reduced transcriptional activity. Mutations between positions -6 and -35 changed the relative utilization of start sites +1 and -4 without affecting the total level of transcriptional activity. A 10-base pair deletion between position -40 and -31 increased in vitro transcriptional activity with a preeminent utilization of the start site at position -4. In contrast, a 20-base pair deletion between position -40 and -21 resulted in a reduction in transcriptional activity and in the primary utilization of the start site at position +1. Furthermore, transactivation by APBβ and APBα was eliminated. DNase I footprinting provided evidence for the existence of two binding domains designated UE (position -12 to -30) and Inr (position +7 to -7). The positions of these binding domains are altered in mutations and deletions that affect transcriptional activity.
Preparation of composite reverse osmosis membranes by plasma polymerization of organic compounds. IV. Influence of plasma–polymer (substrate) interaction

Preparation of composite membranes by plasma polymerization is affected not only by the type of monomer and the mode of discharge but also by the interaction of plasma–polymer substrate. Consequently, the reverse osmosis characteristics of composite membranes are dependent on the combination of substrate and monomer(s). The interactions of plasma and polymer are investigated using porous polysulfone film and cellulose nitrate–cellulose acetate (CNCA) porous film as the substrates, and acetylene/H2O/N2 and acetylene/H2O/CO as the monomer systems. The effects of plasma pretreatment of the substrates on the chlorine resistance of the membranes are also investigated.
Biases in Maximum Likelihood and Parsimony: A Simulation Approach to a 10-Taxon Case

Biases present in maximum likelihood and parsimony are investigated through a simulation study in a 10-taxon case in which several long branches coexist with short branches in the modeled topology. The performance of these methods is explored while increasing the length of the long branches with different amounts of data. Also, simulations with different taxonomic sampling schemes are examined through this study. The presence of a strong bias in parsimony is corroborated: the well-known long-branch attraction. Likelihood performance is found to be sensitive to the mere presence extreme of branch length disparity, retrieving topologies compatible with long-branch attraction and long-branch repulsion, irrespective of the correctness of the model used.
Isolation and characterization of dominant, pleiotropic drug-resistance mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Three independent pleiotropic drug-resistance (pdr) mutants were isolated by selecting for resistance to the anti-microtubule herbicides amiprophos-methyl (APM) and oryzalin (ORY). These three mutants and a previously isolated mutant, ani1 (anisomycin resistance), were semi-dominant in heterozygous diploids, and they displayed varying degrees of resistance to structurally and functionally unrelated inhibitors such as cycloheximide, cryptopleurine, emetine, atrazine, and nonidet P-40. Linkage analysis and genetic mapping suggested that three of the four mutants, including ani1, define a single locus, here named pdr1. The fourth mutant defined a new locus, pdr2, which is located on the left arm of linkage group VI. One pdr1 mutant exhibited unusual genetic interactions, including enhanced ts-lethality and synergistic increases in drug resistance, when combined with pdr2-1 and with herbicide-resistant alleles of three other genes.
Association Between the Nursing Home Minimum Data Set for Vision and Vision-Targeted Health-Related Quality of Life in Nursing Home Residents as Assessed by Certified Nursing Assistants

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio era analizar la relacion entre el apartado de Vision, perteneciente al cuestionario Conjunto de Datos Minimo (en ingles, MDS) que las autoridades federales estadounidense obligan a realizar a las personas que viven en residencias de ancianos de los EE. UU., y la evaluacion de su calidad de vida en relacion con la vision que realizan las asistentes de enfermeria (AE) que les atienden en dichas residencias. Metodos: Participaros 371 residentes mayores de 55 anos provenientes de 17 residencias de ancianos distintas situadas en Birmingham, Alabama (EE. UU.). Tambien participaron las AE encargadas de la atencion de dichos residentes. Las AE evaluaron la calidad de vida en relacion con la vision de los residentes a su cargo, utilizando para ello un cuestionario especifico para residencias de ancianos denominado "Calidad de vida y estado de salud en lo que respecta a vision" (o sus siglas en ingles, NHVQoL). Por otro lado, la coordinadora de enfermeria del MDS asigno a cada residente, a partir de los datos recabados de su historia medica, una de las siguientes categorias de MDS-Vision: "Aceptable", "Ligeramente deficiente", "Moderadamente deficiente", "Muy deficiente", "Gravemente deficiente". La agudeza visual de los participantes la midio personal cualificado utilizando una escala logMAR. Resultados: Las puntuaciones asignadas a cada participante por las AE en las distintas subsecciones del cuestionario NHVQoL disminuyeron a medida que la categoria de MDS-Vision asignada a ese participante indicaba una mayor deficiencia visual (todos los valores de P relativos a correlacion <0, 05). Casi todas las puntuaciones promedio obtenidas por los residentes incluidos en la categorias de MDS-Vision "Aceptable", "Ligeramente deficiente" y "Moderadamente deficiente" estaban comprendidas entre 80 y 99 puntos. Para aquellos incluidos en las categorias de MDSVision "Muy deficiente" o "Gravemente deficiente", las puntuaciones obtenidas en las distintas subsecciones del cuestionario NHVQoL (excluyendo Sintomas Oculares) fueron muchisimo mas bajas (P? 0.001) que las obtenidas por aquellos con vision "Moderadamente deficiente". Conclusiones: Las puntuaciones dadas por las AE a los residentes a su cargo de residencias de ancianos, en lo que respecta a su calidad de vida relacionada con la vision concuerda en general bastante bien con la categoria de MDS-Vision asignada por el coordinador de enfermeria. Sin embargo, las puntuaciones dadas por las AE a los integrantes de las categorias de MDS-Vision "Aceptable", Ligeramente deficiente" y "Moderadamente deficiente" son bastante similares. (J Optom 2009; 2: 148-154 ©2009 Consejo General de Colegios de Opticos-Optometristas de Espana) Palabras Clave: Original articles; Vejez; Envejecimiento; Centros geriatricos; Calidad de vida; Vision.
Effects of Stress, Attributional Style and Perceived Parental Support on Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Analysis

This study prospectively examined the role of attributional style and perceived parental support as intrapersonal and interpersonal risk and resilience factors to increases in depressive symptoms in the face of stress with a sample of 497 middle school students. Results demonstrated that boys with a pessimistic attributional style and low or moderate levels of parental support had higher levels of depressive symptoms than boys with high levels of support under high levels of stress but not under low levels of stress. Girls with a pessimistic attributional style and low or moderate levels of perceived parental support had higher levels of depressive symptoms than those with an optimistic attributional style, regardless of the level of stress. These results highlight the need to consider more complex models with multiple moderators, such as cognitive styles and parental support, as well as gender differences, in understanding the development of depressive symptoms in early adolescence.
Biochemistry of bisulfite-sulfur dioxide.

An analysis of the metabolic transformations of sulfur dioxide is made. Then, the biochemical reactivity of two of its forms, bisulfite and S-thiosulfates, is surveyed in order to provide a view of the potential reactivity of sulfur dioxide with biological systems. Finally, these findings are used as a model for the consideration of threshold responses of organisms to agents in the environment.
Labor's share fluctuations, biased technical change, and the business cycle

Abstract We extend the basic RBC model to allow for biased technical changes. One broad definition of biased technical changes is changes that directly affect factor elasticities. Given the link between changes in factor elasticities and factor shares, observed fluctuations in US labor's share are motivation for this study. We find that when the technology shock process is calibrated according to US labor's share dynamics, 93 percent of US GDP volatility is accounted for. The observed countercyclical nature of labor's share is accounted for, although the model correlation is too high. As well, the model exhibits business cycles that are qualitatively similar to those of the standard model with neutral technology shocks. These findings, while robust to the short-run properties of various measures of labor's share, are sensitive to the average labor's share used in calibration, e.g., departing from a baseline calibration value of 63 percent, for steady-state labor's shares of 50 percent and 70 percent the model accounts for 107 percent and 84 percent of US GDP volatility respectively.
Novolac Based Deep-UV Resists

This paper describes the results obtained from studies of deep-UV lithographic properties of resists which utilize chemical amplification in novolac resins. These studies have shown that three-component novolac-based systems are surprisingly effective as deep-UV resists despite the high opacity of novolac at 254 nm. Analytical results are described which have measured the amount of Bronsted acid produced in chemical amplification resist films. The minimum acid concentration necessary for acceptable dissolution rates is far less than the corresponding active species content necessary for the proper functioning of diazoketone-novolac deep-UV resists.
Ah receptor agonists as endocrine disruptors: Antiestrogenic activity and mechanisms

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds induce a broad spectrum of biochemical and toxic responses and disrupt multiple endocrine pathways. Research in this laboratory has focused on characterizing aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated antiestrogenicity in the rodent uterus and mammary and in human breast cancer cells. TCDD inhibits multiple estrogen (E2)-induced responses in these tissues including development or growth of human mammary and endometrial cancer cells, carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in rats, and mammary cancer in mice bearing breast cancer cell xenografts. The mechanisms of AhR-mediated antiestrogenicity are complex; however, studies on the molecular biology of cross-talk between the AhR and estrogen-receptor (ER) signaling pathways have been initiated using several E2-regulated genes as models. The results indicate that the nuclear AhR complex targets specific genomic core inhibitory dioxin responsive elements (iDREs) in promoter regions of some E2-responsive target genes to inhibit hormone-induced transactivation. The pS2, cathepsin and c-fos genes have functional iDREs, whereas the iDRE in the progesterone receptor gene promoter was not functional. Research has also focused on development of AhR-based antiestrogens which inhibit mammary tumor development and growth but do not exhibit prototypical AhR-induced toxic responses.
Source of Gains in Listening Skill: Experimental or Pre‐Test Experience?

In a study of incidental learning effects upon listening ability, 135 eleventh grade students, in four treatment groups, participated in a program of testing and training in note-taking skills. Pretesting provided data on critical thinking, study skills, note-taking, intelligence, PSAT math and verbal abilities, and listening ability (Brown-Carlsen). Posttesting included alternate forms of the listening and note-taking tests. Analysis of variance of scores on the listening tests by treatment groups showed apparent significant differences in gains of listening skills between groups. However, analysis of covariance, using the listening pretest as covariant, revealed that the indicated gains in listening ability were pretest effects rather than experimental effects. Implications for listening research are discussed. No significant correlations between pretest scores and gains in listening were found. However, when grouped according to sex, females were found to have made significantly greater gains than the males. Conclusions cast doubt upon the usefulness of the Brown-Carlsen test in pre- and post-treatment measures of listening ability.
An insight into linear calibration: univariate case

In the linear controlled calibration literature, the classical least-squares estimator and the inverse estimator are the two main estimators. These two have different advantages and disadvantages. Investigation of these differences leads us to propose a class of weighted least-squares estimators that includes the classical, the inverse, and the orthogonal-regression approaches as special cases. Instead of pre-choosing the weight, a method is proposed to choose the optimal weight. An example is used to demonstrate the advantages of the new approach.
Worry and the anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic synthesis of specificity to GAD

Although worry is central to the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), it is also commonly observed in other anxiety disorders. In this meta-analytic review, we empirically evaluated the extent to which worry is specific to GAD relative to patients with other anxiety disorders, those with other psychiatric disorders, and nonpsychiatric controls. A total of 47 published studies (N = 8,410) were included in the analysis. The results yielded a large effect size indicating greater severity/frequency of worry, meta-worry, and domains of worry among anxiety disorder patients v. nonpsychiatric controls (d = 1.64). In contrast to the many differences emerging from comparisons between anxiety disordered patients and nonpsychiatric controls, when anxiety disordered patients were compared to people with other psychiatric disorders they differed only on severity/frequency and not on meta-worry or domains of worry. A large effect size indicating greater severity/frequency of worry, meta-worry, and domains of worry among patients with GAD v. nonpsychiatric controls was also found (d = 2.05). However, differences between GAD and those with other psychiatric disorders also emerged for severity/frequency of worry. GAD was associated with greater worry difficulties than other anxiety disorders, which generally did not differ from those with other psychiatric disorders and each other. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing worry in GAD and other anxiety disorders, and the potentially moderating effects of age and gender are discussed.
The physical consequences of unlinked diagrams in the Abrikosov large energy representation of spin operators

Abstract We discuss how appropriate understanding of the linked cluster difficulty in the Abrikosov representation allows one to neglect its consequences in state-of-the-art calculations.
The start of ebullition in quiescent, yield-stress fluids

Abstract Non-Newtonian rheology is typical for the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) slurries to be processed in the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Hydrogen and other flammable gases are generated in the aqueous phase by radiolytic and chemical reactions. HLW slurries have a capacity for retaining gas characterized by the shear strength holding the bubbles still. The sizes and degassing characteristics of flammable gas bubbles in the HLW slurries, expected to be processed by the WTP are important considerations for designing equipment and operating procedures. Slurries become susceptible to degassing as the bubble concentration increases over a maximum value that depends on shear strength. This susceptibility and the process of ebullitive bubble enlargement are described here. When disturbed, the fluid undergoes localized flow around neighboring bubbles which are dragged together and coalesce, producing an enlarged bubble. For the conditions considered in this work, bubble size increase is enough to displace the weight required to overcome the fluid shear strength and yield the surroundings. The buoyant bubble ascends and accumulates others within a zone of influence, enlarging by a few orders of magnitude. This process describes how the first bubbles appear on the surface of a 7 Pa shear strength fluid a few seconds after being jarred.
Accelerating capture of infrequent errors on ATE for silicon TV tuners

Infrequent errors, such as unwanted glitches occurring once every a few seconds in silicon tuners, are very costly to capture in production due to long test time by the nature of the errors. The paper presents a novel scheme that reduces the test time from a few seconds to a few tens milliseconds. The scheme has been implemented to test millions of silicon TV tuners, and field defects caused by the glitches were successfully eliminated.
Reaction of DNA with phosphoric acid esters: gasoline additive and insecticides.

L'addition de phosphate trimethyl, “dichlorvos” (0, 0-dimethyl-2,2, dichlorovinyl phosphate) et du “dipterex” (0,0-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl phosphonate) a du DNA provoque la degradation de cette macromolecule. La reaction semble etre due a une alkylation du residu de guanine du DNA. Ces observations peuvent fournir une explication chimique aux effets biologiques de ces substances.
Assessment of effects on non‐target plants from sulfonylurea herbicides using field approaches

Since their introduction in the early 1980s, there have been a number of field studies conducted to assess the effects of sulfonylurea herbicides on non-target plants (i.e. plants not labeled for use). In these studies a wide variety of plant response assessment techniques have been used to measure effects on non-target plants. This paper examines the relationship of short-term plant response measurements to plant productivity measurements such as yield or quality. Whether short-term plant response measurements have a practical degree of accuracy and precision appropriate for hazard assessment on non-target plants from sulfonylureas is discussed. A comprehensive review of published literature and unpublished field studies of the effects of sulfonylureas on the yield and quality of non-target plant species is reported. When this information is coupled with exposure factors and environmental fate characteristics, the risks to non-target plants from sulfonylureas are similar to those from other herbicides used at higher application rates. © 1998 SCI.
Gadolinium delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance correlates with clinical measures of myocardial infarction.

Abstract Objectives The current study tested the hypothesis that gadolinium delayed enhancement assessment of infarct size correlates with clinical indices of myocardial infarction (MI) in humans. Acute infarct mass by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was compared with peak troponin I, acute and chronic left ventricular (LV) systolic function, and chronic infarct mass in patients imaged after recent acute MI. Background Cardiac magnetic resonance accurately determines myocardial viability in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease but is not well validated for recent MI. Methods Patients with first acute MI (n = 33) or chronic MI (n = 10) underwent cine CMR followed by gadolinium delayed enhancement imaging. A follow-up CMR scan was performed on 20 of the 33 acute MI patients and all of the chronic MI patients. Results In patients with acute percutaneous coronary intervention, acute MI mass correlated with peak troponin I (r = 0.83, p Conclusion In humans imaged shortly after acute MI, gadolinium delayed enhancement acute CMR infarct size correlates with acute and chronic indices of infarct size but will appear to diminish in size on follow-up.
Protein Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells Obtained from Human Peripheral Arteries and Veins

Studying molecular mechanisms of vascular endothelial function in humans is difficult in part because of limited access to arteries. Access to peripheral veins is more practical. We determined if differences in protein expression of endothelial cells (EC) collected from a peripheral artery are reflected in measurements made on EC obtained from peripheral veins. EC were collected from the brachial artery and an antecubital vein of 106 healthy adults (60 men and 46 women, age 18–77 years). Quantitative immunofluorescence was used to measure protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Ser-1177 phosphorylated eNOS, manganese superoxide dismutase, nitrotyrosine, xanthine oxidase and nuclear factor-κB p65. Protein expression in EC obtained from brachial artery and antecubital vein sampling was moderately to strongly related (r = 0.59–0.81, all p < 0.0001, mean r = 0.70). Moreover, differences between subgroups in the lowest and highest tertiles of protein expression in EC obtained from arterial samples were consistently reflected in EC obtained from venous collections. These findings indicate that interindividual and group differences in expression of several proteins involved in nitric oxide production, oxidant production, antioxidant defense and inflammatory signaling in EC obtained from brachial artery sampling are consistently reflected in EC obtained from venous samples. Thus, EC collected from peripheral veins may provide a useful surrogate for EC obtained from arteries for measurements of EC protein expression in humans.
Deviations from Bulk Transport Measurements in Semi-Insulating GaAs

Because of the high bulk resistivity of semi‐insulating GaAs, surface or near‐surface effects can change the apparent magnitudes of resistivity, mobility, and carrier concentration. We consider the following causes: (1) above‐surface conduction, such as that due to impurities in a porous oxide; (2) subsurface conduction, due to sawing and polishing damage; (3) tunneling conduction in surface states; and (4) changes in near‐surface conduction due to the modification of surface potential by surface states or absorbates. The most important of these effects appear to be subsurface damage and surface potential changes.
The metastases of meningioma-radiologic and pathologic features

The radiologic features of the skeletal metastases from intracranial meningioma in two patients are described. The pathologic characteristics of the orginal tumors and the recurrences are discussed. The metastases were lytic, expansile, and tended to have an associated soft tissue mass. The radiologic features of the metastases were similar in both cases. We believe that these radiologic similarities and the rarity of these metastases justify this report.
L-Leucine alleviates Diamond-Blackfan anemia

In this issue of Blood , Jaako et al[1][1] and Payne et al[2][2] provide important preclinical validation that the essential amino acid leucine can ameliorate defective erythropoiesis in murine and zebrafish models of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, respectively. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare
24-h smoking abstinence potentiates fMRI-BOLD activation to smoking cues in cerebral cortex and dorsal striatum

Rationale Exposure to smoking-related cues can trigger relapse in smokers attempting to maintain abstinence.
Sol-Gel Process form Heterometallic Alkoxides to Incorporate Alkaline- and Rare Earths in Alumina for automotive Applications

The high cost of materials prepared by sol-gel processing and the loss of useful surface properties at elevated temperature has prevented the application of sol-gel processed materials in automotive exhaust reduction catalyst formulations. In this report, we briefly describe the important developments needed in the next generation automotive catalysts and the role of sol-gel processed materials. We will also discuss the application of heterometallic alkoxides as sol-gel precursors to achieve the molecular distribution of lanthanides and alkaline earths in alumina matrices needed for the stabilization of alumina based materials at elevated temperatures.
MEMS for the next generation of giant astronomical telescopes

New advances in Micro Electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) deformable mirrors with high actuator count, high precision, and low cost have greatly influenced the design thinking for high resolution instruments on the next generation of large aperture telescopes for ground based astronomy. The use of MEMS as general purpose active optical components will open up a variety of capabilities for both sensing and controlling of astronomical light. In this talk we will describe the current thinking for instrument concepts on the Thirty Meter Telescope project and discuss some of our preliminary results from MEMS and AO system concept testing at the UCO/Lick Laboratory for Adaptive Optics.
Analysis of Body Composition Methods in a Community Sample of African American Women

The purposes of the authors in this study were: (1) to determine whether published body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations agreed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures and (2) to estimate new body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations in a sample of African American women. Linear regression was used to determine how well 10 body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations reflected dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures in this sample of 74 African American women; new body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations were created using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures as the dependent variable. Participants (M = 47.6 years, SD = 7.7) were classified as overweight or obese (BMI Mean BF% = 35.4, SD = 8.2; BIA Mean BF% = 43.3, SD = 6.9; DXA Mean BF% = 41.5, SD = 6.1). R(2) and SEE values indicated that all body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis equations were a poorer fit with less precision, and the new bioelectrical impedance analysis equation discussed in this article was a better fit and was more precise. All 10 body mass index and bioelectrical analysis equations inaccurately estimated dual energy x-ray absorptiometry body fat percentage measures in our sample. The new body mass index equation discussed in this article had less estimation bias and more precision than the published body mass index equations and may be a more accurate equation in African American women.
High-bandwidth remote flat panel display interconnect system

High performance electronic displays (CRT, AMLCD, TFEL, plasma, etc.) require wide bandwidth electrical drive signals to produce the desired display images. When the image generation and/or image processing circuitry is located within the same line replaceable unit (LRU) as the display media, the transmission of the display drive signals to the display media presents no unusual design problems. However, many aircraft cockpits are severely constrained for available space behind the instrument panel. This often forces the system designer to specify that only the display media and its immediate support circuitry are to be mounted in the instrument panel. A wide bandwidth interconnect system is then required to transfer image data from the display generation circuitry to the display unit. Image data transfer rates of nearly 1.5 Gbits/second may be required when displaying full motion video at a 60 Hz field rate. In addition to wide bandwidth, this interconnect system must exhibit several additional key characteristics: (1) Lossless transmission of image data; (2) High reliability and high integrity; (3) Ease of installation and field maintenance; (4) High immunity to HIRF and electrical noise; (5) Low EMI emissions; (6) Long term supportability; and (7) Low acquisition and maintenance cost. Rockwell Collins has developed an avionics grade remote display interconnect system based on the American National Standards Institute Fibre Channel standard which meets these requirements. Readily available low cost commercial off the shelf (COTS) components are utilized, and qualification tests have confirmed system performance.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characterization of poly(ADP-ribose)--histone H1 complex formation in purified polynucleosomes and chromatin.

Poly(ADP-ribose) [poly(ADP-Rib)] polymerase of HeLa nucleosomes has been shown in vitro, to catalyze the synthesis of a complex of histone H1 containing 2 H1 histones and 15–16 units of oligo(ADP-Rib). The synthesis of the H1 complex in vitro was compared in polynucleosome populations of various sizes (3–16 and > 30) released from HeLa nuclei following micrococcal nuclease digestion. Poly(ADP-Rib) was synthesized from [32P]NAD and the poly(ADP-ribosylation of H1 was studied by selective H1 extraction, gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Quantitative differences in H1 complex formation occurred when either chromatin concentration or polynucleosome length was varied. The data indicated that H1 complex formation in vitro was favored in polynucleosomes 16 nucleosomes long as compared to 8 nucleosomes. A series of partially ADP-ribosylated H1 species was also detected. Partially modified H1 species migrate more slowly than pure H1 in dodecylsulfate gels. The reduced mobility is a function of the number of attached ADP-Rib moieties. Thus, molecules containing one molecule of H1 and various numbers of ADP-Rib residues can be separated. When the partially modified H1 species were incubated in alkali to cleave the linkage of ADP-Rib to protein, (ADP-Rib1–15) were detected by chain length analysis on 15% polyacrylamide gels. The intermediate H1 species could be chased, in vitro, into as H1 complex with NAD and thus were determined to be successive precursors in the formation of the H1 complex. Evidence is presented that the H1 complex is synthesized in intact cells permeabilized with lysolecithin.
Thanks to Gordon Tullock

Gordon Tullock’s impact as a scholar was far broader than his own research because he was an initiator of new fields of research rather than one who modestly extended pre-existing pastures. His import as founding editor of Public Choice, as an ambassador for public choice, and as a teacher, mentor, and friend for public choice scholars around the world should also be remembered.
Preservation of Sexual Potency in Prostatic Cancer Patients after 125I Implantation

: Sexual histories were obtained in 51 men with prostatic cancer and their spouses, before and after pelvic lymphadenectomy and retropubic 125I implantation. The average age of the patients was 64.7 years. Sexual activity was retained in 40 of the 41 patients who were sexually active before operation. Ten patients had been sexually inactive before operation—4 with diminished potency and 6 with complete erectile impotence. Sexual dysfunction was most often pyschogenic. At six months after the operation, 5 of these patients had resumed satisfactory sexual intercourse as a result of reassurance, encouragement and education of the remaining sexual potential. No patient was rendered completely impotent as a result of the procedure. Preservation of sexual potency represents a significant advantage of 125I implantation over other therapeutic modalities in the treatment of localized prostatic carcinoma.
Hybrid Turbulence Modeling of Liquid Spray Impingement on a Heated Wall with Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Method

Numerical simulation of two phase spray impingement on a heated wall was carried out. Hybrid turbulence modeling was used for analysis where large eddy simulation was employed away from the wall, and a k-epsilon model was employed near the wall. The effect of vortex motion on turbulent heat flux values was analyzed using different Reynolds numbers of impingement and at different angles. It was observed that the turbulent heat flux attained maximum values with high vortex formation. The ejection of hot fluid from the surface was predominant when compared to the down sweep motion of the cold fluid. The Nusselt number plot indicated high heat transfer rates for higher Reynolds number.
Chemistry of natural glycan microarrays

Glycan microarrays have become indispensable tools for studying protein-glycan interactions. Along with chemo-enzymatic synthesis, glycans isolated from natural sources have played important roles in array development and will continue to be a major source of glycans. N-glycans and O-glycans from glycoproteins, and glycans from glycosphingolipids (GSLs) can be released from corresponding glycoconjugates with relatively mature methods, although isolation of large numbers and quantities of glycans is still very challenging. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are less represented on current glycan microarrays. Glycan microarray development has been greatly facilitated by bifunctional fluorescent linkers, which can be applied in a 'Shotgun Glycomics' approach to incorporate isolated natural glycans. Glycan presentation on microarrays may affect glycan binding by GBPs, often through multivalent recognition by the GBP.
MAYO CLINIC LONG-TERM ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONAL DURABILITY OF THE AMS 800 ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER: A REVIEW OF 323 CASES

AbstractPurpose: We determine the long-term durability of the AMS 800′ artificial urinary sphincter in the correction of severe urinary incontinence, and evaluate mechanical versus nonmechanical fa...
Synthesis of Macrocyclic Mercury(II) Derivatives of S,S′1‐Trimethylene‐and S,S′1‐Tetramethylenebis(cis1‐stilbene‐α,β1‐dithiol) with Unusual Structures

The reaction of the ligand cis - –SC(Ph)C(Ph)–S–[CH2]n – S – C(Ph)=C(Ph)–S– with n3 (dianion of 1) with HgCl2 in ethanol produces a yellow linearly trinuclear, μ1-S and μ1-Cl-bridged complex of composition C62H52Cl2Hg3S8 (4), in which the central Hg(II) ion is in a near octahedral arrangement of four HgS and two HgCl bonds, whereas the two terminal Hg(II) ions are tetracoordinated with three HgS bonds and one HgCl bond in distorted tetrahedral arrangements. The two ligands are bidentate with respect to the terminal and central Hg(II) ions. The corresponding ligand with n4 (dianion of 2) reacts with HgCl2 to yield a yellow Hg(II) complex of composition C32H28HgS4 (5), in which the ligand is tetradentate and in the trans-syn configuration. The Hg(II) ion in the unit cell of 5 is pentacoordinated, due to symmetric dimerization of two molecules of 2 by two weak coordinate HgS bonds of 3.442(2) A length.
Space Interferometry Mission

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) will be a 10-m optical interferometer in Earth orbit. SIM will enable a wide variety of science programs in Galactic and extra-galactic astronomy, including the calibration of cosmic distance indicators, and will address questions related to the origins and prevalence of planetary systems. SIM is designed primarily as an astrometric mission, providing high-throughput wide-angle astrometry, with an expected noise floor of about 4 μas for bright targets, and about 1 μas over small angles. Accurate parallaxes and proper motions will be available for a large number of stars of various types, providing data for fundamental programs in the stellar dynamics of star clusters and our Galaxy as a whole. SIM will have seven light-collecting siderostats (effective diameters 0.3m) spaced along the main boom, to allow synthesis imaging with a resolution of 10 mas, by rotating the spacecraft about the line of sight. It is NASA’s first space science interferometer, and in addition to enabling a strong astronomical science program, it is designed to demonstrate several key technologies needed for future missions in NASA’s Origins Program, such as the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF). Interferometric nulling will be used by TPF to provide coronagraphic-type extinction of a bright star, allowing detection of faint companions. SIM will implement an achromatic null to a level of 10−4 and will study dust disks around main-sequence stars, and image the disks around young stellar objects.
See-and-avoid comparison of performance in manned and remotely piloted aircraft

See-and-avoid is the current FAA approved method for pilots to avoid objects and other aircraft while flying in visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Although fully autonomous “sense-and-avoid” or “detect-and-avoid” systems are in development, none are currently certified. Thus existing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations are limited to case-by-case restricted airspace or require escort by manned aircraft. Many UAVs are equipped with at least a forward-looking camera. In the transition between current technology and future fully autonomous, certified sense-and-avoid systems, it seems reasonable to require a ground-based operator to perform the see-and-avoid function. This discusses the flight-testing performed to establish air traffic detection ranges for low-time pilots, and for a low-cost UAV camera system. The system was evaluated to determine if it could provide the equivalent see-and-avoid performance as the tested pilots.
Leaky intestine and impaired microbiome in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that intestinal homeostasis and the microbiome play essential roles in neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. Currently, there is no effective treatment. Most patients die within 3–5 years due to respiratory paralysis. Although the death of motor neurons is a hallmark of ALS, other organs may also contribute to the disease progression. We examined the gut of an ALS mouse model, G93A, which expresses mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1G93A), and discovered a damaged tight junction structure and increased permeability with a significant reduction in the expression levels of tight junction protein ZO-1 and the adherens junction protein E-cadherin. Furthermore, our data demonstrated increased numbers of abnormal Paneth cells in the intestine of G93A mice. Paneth cells are specialized intestinal epithelial cells that can sense microbes and secrete antimicrobial peptides, thus playing key roles in host innate immune responses and shaping the gut microbiome. A decreased level of the antimicrobial peptides defensin 5 alpha was indeed found in the ALS intestine. These changes were associated with a shifted profile of the intestinal microbiome, including reduced levels of Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens, Escherichia coli, and Fermicus, in G93A mice. The relative abundance of bacteria was shifted in G93A mice compared to wild-type mice. Principal coordinate analysis indicated a difference in fecal microbial communities between ALS and wild-type mice. Taken together, our study suggests a potential novel role of the intestinal epithelium and microbiome in the progression of ALS.
Scalable behaviors for crowd simulation

Crowd simulation for virtual environments offers many challenges centered on the trade-offs between rich behavior, control and computational cost. In this paper we present a new approach to controlling the behavior of agents in a crowd. Our method is scalable in the sense that increasingly complex crowd behaviors can be created without a corresponding increase in the complexity of the agents. Our approach is also more authorable; users can dynamically specify which crowd behaviors happen in various parts of an environment. Finally, the character motion produced by our system is visually convincing. We achieve our aims with a situation-based control structure. Basic agents have very limited behaviors. As they enter new situations, additional, situation-specic behaviors are composed on the y to enable agents to respond appropriately. The composition is done using a probabilistic mechanism. We demonstrate our system with three environments including a city street and a theater.
Uncovering the Values in Faculty Evaluation of Service as Scholarship

Faculty struggles with promotion and tenure have caused many institutions to expand the definition of scholarship used in promotion. Schein's (1992) theory of organizational culture suggests that such change efforts will not endure unless its members hold values and beliefs that support the change. This study explored values and beliefs held by faculty and administrators that influenced the evaluation of service as scholarship for promotion and tenure in four colleges/units of education.
A structuration agency view of investor-officer power struggles and conflict in a private firm: A tale of two agendas

Structuration theory helps to explain the role of human agency in the reciprocal relationship between social systems and structures, which Giddens called the “duality of structure.” The theory explicates how power struggles emerge and are negotiated and, depending on the restructuration, can help to resolve conflict or lead to deteriorations and dysfunction. Research has reported that at least 60% of corporations are privately held and backed by venture capital. The relationships among investors, the corporate board members, and operating officers are strategic relationships that can build or destroy a venture. I used structuration theory to frame a case study of a power struggle over control of a private firm that evolved among investors and board members. This article describes the structuration processes that contributed to functional and dysfunctional outcomes, with implications for performance improvement specialists and human resource development practice and research.
Regional Crustal Structures and Their Relationship to the Distribution of Ore Deposits in the Western United States, Based on Magnetic and Gravity Data

Upgraded gravity and magnetic databases and associated filtered-anomaly maps of western United States define regional crustal fractures or faults that may have guided the emplacement of plutonic rocks and large metallic ore deposits. Fractures, igneous intrusions, and hydrothermal circulation tend to be localized along boundaries of crustal blocks, with geophysical expressions that are enhanced here by wavelength filtering. In particular, we explore the utility of regional gravity and magnetic data to aid in understanding the distribution of large Mesozoic and Cenozoic ore deposits, primarily epithermal and porphyry precious and base metal deposits and sediment-hosted gold deposits in the western United States cordillera. On the broadest scale, most ore deposits lie within areas characterized by low magnetic properties. The Mesozoic Mother Lode gold belt displays characteristic geophysical signatures (regional gravity high, regional low-to-moderate background magnetic field anomaly, and long curvilinear magnetic highs) that might serve as an exploration guide. Geophysical lineaments characterize the Idaho-Montana porphyry belt and the La Caridad-Mineral Park belt (from northern Mexico to western Arizona) and thus indicate a deep-seated control for these mineral belts. Large metal accumulations represented by the giant Bingham porphyry copper and the Butte polymetallic vein and porphyry copper systems lie at intersections of several geophysical lineaments. At a more local scale, geophysical data define deep-rooted faults and magmatic zones that correspond to patterns of epithermal precious metal deposits in western and northern Nevada. Of particular interest is an interpreted dense crustal block with a shape that resembles the elliptical deposit pattern partly formed by the Carlin trend and the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral belt. We support previous studies, which on a local scale, conclude that structural elements work together to localize mineral deposits within regional zones or belts. This study of mineral deposits of the western United States demonstrates the ability of magnetic and gravity data to elucidate the regional geologic framework or structural setting and to contribute in locating favorable environments for hydrothermal mineralization.
Enhancing dependability of combat vehicles

The introduction of the digital technology to the land combat vehicle also introduced the notion of architecture for the electronics system within the combat vehicle, called CVES (Combat Vehicle Electronics System). A decentralized architecture for CVES has the potential of delivering two capabilities which had been traded off in earlier designs. These capabilities are that of fault-tolerance and responsiveness-two essential characteristics of a dependable system. A formal framework is presented in this paper which allows one to express and to evaluate various approaches for enhancing dependability of CVES.