cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TMPRSS13 deficiency impairs stratum corneum formation and epidermal barrier acquisition.

Membrane-anchored serine proteases serve as important regulators of multiple developmental and homoeostatic processes in mammals. TMPRSS13 (transmembrane protease, serine 13; also known as mosaic serine protease large-form, MSPL) is a membrane-anchored serine protease with unknown biological functions. In the present study, we used mice with the Tmprss13 gene disrupted by a β-galactosidase-neomycin fusion gene insertion to study the expression and function of the membrane-anchored serine protease. High levels of Tmprss13 expression were found in the epithelia of the oral cavity, upper digestive tract and skin. Compatible with this expression pattern, Tmprss13 -deficient mice displayed abnormal skin development, leading to a compromised barrier function, as measured by the transepidermal fluid loss rate of newborn mice. The present study provides the first biological function for the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS13.
Analytical modeling of wall thinning during corner filling in structural tube hydroforming

Abstract In a tube hydroforming process, an internal pressure is used to expand a circular tube into one with non-circular sections. Friction at the material/die interface plays an important role in determining the distribution of the thickness during deformation. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to determine the variation in the stresses and strains along the tube wall as the internal pressure increases to expand the circular tube into a square cross-section. Based on the analytical model, a parametric study is conducted on the effects of the coefficient of friction and the material properties on the distribution of cross-section thickness in the hydroformed tubes. Such parametric study is useful in establishing guidelines for designing the structural tube hydroforming process. It also helps in the search for limits of the process capabilities. One of the strengths of analytical modeling is that it gives more insights into the mechanism through which friction affects the deformation during tube hydroforming.
22.2: Frequency Response of Cholesteric LCDs and Its Application in the Driving System*

The frequency response of cholesteric liquid crystal display (ChLCD) and its application in the driving system of colored ChLCD were developed. The R-V curves were shifted 4 volts by 10 Hz ∼ 500 Hz frequency modifications for a ChLCD with no adhesion layer. However, the R-V curves were shifted 12 volts by 10 Hz ∼ 500 Hz frequency modifications for a ChLCD with the 1.5μm adhesion layer. The shift of the R-V curves between different frequencies was dependent on the existence of an adhesion layer and the material of substrates. The root cause of such a frequency response was due to the ChLCD structure in which the induced charges were dependent on the frequency of applied voltages. The R-V curves of different colored ChLCs could be overlapped with each other by utilizing the frequency response. Consequently the new driving waveforms were proposed for the colored ChLCD, and the cost of DC-DC converters for the scan driver ICs could be reduced 66 % in this proposed driving system.
Four-zone solidification microstructure formed by laser melting of copper thin films

Abstract Polycrystalline copper film microstructures produced by laser melting and rapid lateral solidification are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The microstructure is predominantly composed of directionally solidified grains up to 22 μm long and 1 μm wide lying in the plane of the film. We identify four morphologically solidification zones, corresponding to occlusion, steady lateral growth, defective growth, and nucleation. Electron diffraction analysis indicates clustering of 〈1 0 0〉 orientations around the direction of solidification for the grains in the steady lateral growth zone. Simple estimates of solidification times based on heat flow modeling and a critical nucleation temperature suggest that interface velocities of several hundred m/s may be attained during solidification.
Bioluminescence-Based Detection of MicroRNA, miR21 in Breast Cancer Cells

A hybridization assay for the detection of microRNA, miR21 in cancer cells using the bioluminescent enzyme Renilla luciferase (Rluc) as a label, has been developed. MicroRNAs are small RNAs found in plants, animals, and humans that perform key functions in gene silencing and affect early-stage cell development, cell differentiation, and cell death. miRNAs are considered useful early diagnostic and prognostic markers of cancer, candidates for therapeutic intervention, and targets for basic biomedical research. However, methods for highly sensitive and rapid detection of miRNA directly from samples such as cells that can serve as a suitable diagnostics platform are lacking. In that regard, the utilization of the bioluminescent label, Rluc, that offers the advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio, allows for the development of highly sensitive assays for the determination of miRNA in a variety of matrixes. In this paper, we have described the development of a competitive oligonucleotide hybridization assay fo...
Controlling Chaos: The Example of an Impact Oscillator

We OGY algorithm (Ott et al., 1990) allows the conversion of a chaotic attractor to any one of a large number of periodic orbits by making small time-dependent perturbations of an available system parameter. We have applied this method to impact oscillators and stabilized its chaotic attractor on period-1 and period-2 orbits using small time-dependent pertubations of the driving frequency. We also demonstrate the ability to switch the chaotic system between the period-1 and period-2 orbits at will by controlled time-dependent perturbations. However, before the system settles on the stabilized orbit, it exhibits a long chaotic transient
Efficient estimation of diffusion during dendritic solidification

A very efficient finite difference method has been developed to estimate the solute redistribution during solidification with diffusion in the solid. This method is validated by comparing the computed results with the results of an analytical solution derived by Kobayashi (1988) for the assumptions of a constant diffusion coefficient, a constant equilibrium partition ratio, and a parabolic rate of the advancement of the solid/liquid interface. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated by applying it to the dendritic solidification of a Pb-15 wt pct Sn alloy, for which the equilibrium partition ratio and diffusion coefficient vary substantially during solidification. The fraction eutectic at the end of solidification is also obtained by estimating the fraction solid, in greater resolution, where the concentration of solute in the interdendritic liquid reaches the eutectic composition of the alloy.
The distribution of the digestive enzymes in the gut of the polychaete Neanthes virens (Sars).

Abstract 1. 1.The activity of the following digestive enzymes: α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-mannosidase, β-glucuronidase, β-xylosidase, β-fucosidase, non-specific esterase, lipase, exopeptidase and endopeptidase were investigated and localized in the gut of Neanthes virens (Sars). 2. 2.Enzyme activity was estimated using both histochemical and biochemical techniques, and the main sites of production of extracellular digestive enzymes were shown to be the oesophageal pouches and the anterior parts of the intestine.
Exploration of “Good Mother” Stereotypes in the College Environment

This study extends research on the good mother stereotype by examining students’ perceptions of other students who return to school after having a child. Undergraduate students attending either community college or a 4-year southeastern university within the United States were asked to review a vignette in which a mother’s decision to return to college and her role satisfaction were manipulated. The 205 participants rated the woman who elects to continue her education shortly after the birth of a child as significantly less feminine, more dominant, more arrogant-calculating and cold-hearted, and less warm-agreeable than the mother who discontinued her education. The impact of these results is discussed in the context of Tinto’s (Review of Educational Research 45, 89–127, 1975) classic theory of student retention and Eagly and Steffen’s (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46, 735–754, 1984) theory of gender stereotypes.
The theory of vibrational circular dichroism: trans-1,2-dideuteriocyclobutane and propylene oxide

Abstract A rigorous theory of vibrational rotational strengths was recently developed by Stephens. We report the first comparisons of calculations using this theory with experimental vibrational circular dichroism data. The theory is implemented using SCF MO electronic wavefunctions and a 4-31G basis set. The molecules studied are trans-l,2-dideuteriocyclobutane and propylene oxide. Encouraging agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.
DECREASED PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION: A CHARACTERISTIC OF CHRONIC PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROMES

Abstract Prostacyclin production in neonates born at various gestational ages (28 weeks to term) was compared with that in neonates born of pregnancies complicated by various acute and chronic placental insufficiency states. Prostacyclin levels were reflected by the amount of conversion of 14 C arachidonic acid to 6-keto-PGF 1α (the stable end-product of prostacyclin) by umbilical arteries. The uptake of 14 C arachidonic acid by the umbilical arteries was also determined, and since this was similar for all groups it was not the cause of the differences noted in prostacyclin production. Neonates born of normal pregnancies had similar levels of prostacyclin production regardless of gestational age. Prostacyclin production was very low in neonates born of pregnancies complicated by chronic placental insufficiency (intrauterine growth retardation, essential hypertension, and pre-eclampsia), but normal with acute placental insufficiency (abruptio placentae). Hence the decrease in fetal prostacyclin production in pre-eclampsia is not related to gestational age; furthermore, it is also seen in other chronic placental insufficiency states.
Surgical ablation devices for atrial fibrillation

The introduction of ablation technology has revolutionized the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). It has greatly simplified surgical approaches and has significantly increased the number of procedures being performed. Various energy sources have been used clinically, including cryoablation, radiofrequency, microwave, laser, and high-frequency ultrasound. The goal of these devices is to create conduction block to either block activation wavefronts or to isolate the triggers of AF. All present devices have been shown to have clinical efficacy in some patients. The devices each have their unique advantages and disadvantages. It is important that surgeons develop accurate dose-response curves for new devices in clinically relevant models on both the arrested and beating heart. This will allow the appropriate use of technology to facilitate AF surgery.
Hotspots for unselected Ty1 transposition events on yeast chromosome III are near tRNA genes and LTR sequences

A collection of yeast strains bearing single marked Ty1 insertions on chromosome III was generated. Over 100 such insertions were physically mapped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These insertions are very nonrandomly distributed. Thirty-two such insertions were cloned by the inverted PCR technique, and the flanking DNA sequences were determined. The sequenced insertions all fell within a few very limited regions of chromosome III. Most of these regions contained tRNA coding regions and/or LTRs of preexisting transposable elements. Open reading frames were disrupted at a far lower frequency than expected for random transposition. The results suggest that the Ty1 integration machinery can detect regions of the genome that may represent "safe havens" for insertion. These regions of the genome do not contain any special DNA sequences, nor do they behave as particularly good targets for Ty1 integration in vitro, suggesting that the targeted regions have special properties allowing specific recognition in vivo.
Novel Results for Quasiclassical Linear Transport in Metallic Multilayers

We analyze the linear transport behavior of metallic multilayers via the Kubo formula for a Hamiltonian with zero-range spin-dependent potentials. We find a direct connection between the Boltzmann and the Kubo approaches. Our two-point transport theory validates the quasiclassical approach for multilayered structures and introduces a new treatment of interfaces via angle-dependent coherent transmission coefficients.
Three-dimensional quasicrystalline photonic material with five-fold planar symmetry for visible and infrared wavelengths by holographic assembly of quasicrystalline photonic heterostructures

In this paper, we investigate three-dimensional (3D) band gap properties of quasiperiodic structure. We successfully demonstrate the fabrication of a 3D dielectric quasicrystalline heterostructures with five-fold planar symmetry using the holographic optical tweezers technique. Light transmitted through this quasicrystal is collected using the spatially resolved optical spectroscopy technique for both visible and infrared wavelength bandwidths in a far-field region. We investigate and analyze the transmission spectra for the same wavelength bandwidths in a near-field region by using computer simulations. The computational modeling indicates that for both TE and TM modes of propagating light in the XY plane there is a clear transmission band-gap of around 50 nm wide centered at 650 nm. This indicates that there is a rotational symmetry in the constructed quasicrystal along its XY plane. Future directions and applications are discussed.
The effect of pancreatic islet transplantation on progression of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.

Abstract Introduction Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) has only become an effective treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus within the past 4 years. As a result, the long-term effects of PIT on progression of diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy are unknown. The benefit of halting or improving diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy is of particular interest since most PIT recipients have not developed the advanced complications of diabetes. Herein, we describe the improvement and stabilization of diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy in 12 PIT recipients. Patients and methods Between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2004, there have been 12 patients who have received PIT. Currently, there are eight patients who have sufficient follow-up to assess the progression of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. To assess for disease progression, patients were examined by a single ophthalmologist and single neurologist throughout the study period. Eye exams were performed using a slit-lamp exam while neurological status was assessed using electromyelograms and clinical exams. Results All PIT recipients had decreases in hemoglobin A 1 C and increases in serum C-peptide. All study patients had stabilization of their retinopathic disease. One patient demonstrated improvement of retinopathy at 1 year posttransplant. Fifty percent of patients demonstrated improvement or stabilization of their diabetic neuropathy. One patient had mild reinnervation of the fingers and wrist extensors by clinical exam 1 year posttransplant. Four patients exhibited an average decrease of 19% in sural nerve conduction velocities. Conclusion Our series has demonstrated that all PIT recipients have had stabilization of their diabetic retinopathy and that 50% of patients exhibited stabilization or even improvement of their diabetic neuropathy.
Academic Instruction as a Determinant of Judgment Performance

Auditors evaluate the collectibility of commercial loans when they conduct financial audits of financial institutions. Task‐specific academic instruction and practice provide for acquisition of relevant credit analysis knowledge—but the relative benefits of academic instruction and practice versus training and practical experience remain unclear (e.g., Bonner and Walker 1994; Hammond 1996). First, loan judgments made by second‐year graduate business students completing an elective course in credit analysis are compared with judgments made by audit seniors with similar business experience but without any credit analysis training or experience. The graduate business students' judgments are significantly more accurate and less biased, with more consensus, given the criterion of the mean judgment of twelve highly experienced financial institution audit partners. Second, as a test of the benefits of academic instruction and practice versus CPA‐firm training and practical experience, the judgments of the gradua...
Toward structural elucidation of the γ-secretase complex

γ-Secretase is an intramembrane protease complex that mediates the Notch signaling pathway and the production of amyloid β-proteins. As such, this enzyme has emerged as an important target for development of novel therapeutics for Alzheimer disease and cancer. Great progress has been made in the identification and characterization of the membrane complex and its biological functions. One major challenge now is to illuminate the structure of this fascinating and important protease at atomic resolution. Here, we review recent progress on biochemical and biophysical probing of the structure of the four-component complex and discuss obstacles and potential pathways toward elucidating its detailed structure.
“Is Not This a Paradox?” Public Morality and the Unitarian Defense of State-Supported Religion in Massachusetts, 1806–1833

The outcome of the legal and constitutional controversy leading to the fall of the state-supported religious establishment in Massachusetts followed a schism in the Congregationalist churches. In that controversy, Unitarians defended religious taxation as an expedient means to advance their desired ends of a public morality rooted in theological liberalism.
Electronic structure and many-body effects in self-assembled quantum dots

A detailed model for the electronic properties of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (SADs) is presented, with emphasis on inter-level transitions and many-body effects. The model is based on the self-consistent solution of three-dimensional Poisson and Schrodinger equations within the local (spin-) density approximation. Nonparabolicity of the band structure and a continuum model for the strain between GaAs and InAs results in position- and energy-dependent effective mass. The electronic spectra of SADs of various shapes have been determined with intraband level transitions and mid-infrared optical matrix elements. Shell structures obeying Hund's rule for various occupation numbers in pyramidal SADs agree well with recent capacitance measurements. It is shown that many-body interactions between orbital pairs of electrons are determined in a first approximation by classical Coulomb interaction.
Category Captainship: Outsourcing Retail Category Management

Retailers in the consumer goods industry often rely on a leading manufacturer for category management, a form of manufacturer-retailer collaboration referred to as category captainship. There are reported success stories about category captainship, but also a growing debate about its potential for anti-competitive practices by category captains. Motivated by conflicting viewpoints, the goal of our research is to deepen our understanding of the consequences of such collaboration initiatives between the retailer and only one of its manufacturers. To this end, we develop a game theoretic model of two competing manufacturers selling through one retailer that captures the basic tradeoffs of using category captains for category management. We consider two scenarios that are in line with traditional retail category management and category captainship. In the first scenario, the retailer is responsible for managing the category and determines retail prices and assortment. In the second scenario, we assume that the retailer delegates part or all retail category management decisions to one of the manufacturers in return for a target category profit, and implements its recommendations. We compare these two scenarios to investigate the impact of the transition on all stakeholders in the supply chain. We conclude with design recommendations on the scope and structure of category captainship.
A comparison of 4X InfiniBand and Quadrics Elan-4 technologies

Quadrics Elan-4 and 4X InfiniBand have comparable performance in terms of peak bandwidth and ping-pong latency. In contrast, the two network architectures differ dramatically in details ranging from signaling technologies to programming interface design to software stacks. Both networks compete in the high performance computing marketplace, and InfiniBand is currently receiving a significant amount of attention, due mostly to its potential cost/performance advantage. This work compares 4X InfiniBand and Quadrics Elan-4 on identical compute hardware using application benchmarks of importance to the DOE community. We use scaling efficiency as the main performance metric, and we also provide a cost analysis for different network configurations. Although our 32-node test platform is relatively small, some scaling issues are evident. In general, the Quadrics hardware scales slightly better on most of the applications tested.
Structuralism versus Monetarism : A note on evidence

(1967). Structuralism versus Monetarism : A note on evidence. The Journal of Development Studies: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 188-194.
Transitioning Preschool Children with Developmental Concerns into Kindergarten: Ecological Characteristics of Inclusive Kindergarten Programs

The purpose of this paper is to provide the background for Project Pre-K: Transitioning Preschool Children with Developmental Concerns to Kindergarten, and discuss the ecological characteristics of inclusive kindergarten programs. Data were collected in 11 inclusive kindergarten programs in one urban county in southwestern Ohio using the Kindergarten Visit Checklist and field notes. Ecological characteristics observed included seating routines, group activities, seat work, curriculum, expectations of the child, and evidence of special services provided. Results indicated that the inclusive kindergarten programs observed were organized with a contemporary, elementary school program orientation (table work, teacher directed, assigned activities, use of workbooks and skill sheets, limited choice time, etc.). Implications of these results for children with developmental concerns transitioning from preschool to kindergarten are discussed.
A Goldschmidt Division Method With Faster Than Quadratic Convergence

A new method to implement faster than quadratic convergence for Goldschmidt division using simple logic circuits is presented. While the approximate quotient converges quadratically in conventional Goldschmidt division, the new method achieves nearly cubic convergence. Although division with cubic convergence has been regarded as impractical due to its complexity, the proposed method reduces the logic complexity and the delay by using an approximate squarer with a simple logic implementation and a redundant binary Booth recoder. It is especially effective in a system that already has a radix-8 multiplier. As a result, the effective area for the reciprocal table can be reduced by 25.4%. The proposed method has been verified by SystemC and Verilog models. The final results are confirmed by simulation with both random double precision numbers and an exhaustive suite of 17-bit test vectors.
The External Leadership of Self-Managing Teams: Intervening in the Context of Novel and Disruptive Events

Relatively little empirical research has been conducted on external leaders of self-managing teams. The integration of functional leadership theory with research on team routines suggests that leaders can intervene in teams in several different ways, and the effectiveness of this intervention depends on the nature of the events the team encounters. External team leaders from 3 organizations first described a series of events (N=117), and leaders and team members then completed surveys to quantitatively describe the events. Results indicated that leader preparation and supportive coaching were positively related to team perceptions of leader effectiveness, with preparation becoming more strongly related to effectiveness as event novelty increased. More active leader intervention activities (active coaching and sense making) were negatively related to satisfaction with leadership yet were positively related to effectiveness as events became more disruptive.
Probabilistic vs. geometric similarity measures for image retrieval

Similarity between images in image retrieval is measured by computing distances between feature vectors. This paper presents a probabilistic approach and describes two likelihood-based similarity measures for image retrieval. Popular distance measures like the Euclidean distance implicitly assign more more weighting to features with large ranges than those with small ranges. First, we discuss the effects of five feature normalization methods on retrieval performance. Then, we show that the probabilistic methods perform significantly better than geometric approaches like the nearest neighbor rule with city-block or Euclidean distances. They are also more robust to normalization effects and using better models for the features improves the retrieval results compared to making only general assumptions. Experiments on a database of approximately 10000 images show that studying the feature distributions are important and this information should be used in designing feature normalization methods and similarity measures.
The control of saccadic adaptation: implications for the scanning of natural visual scenes

Accurate scanning of natural scenes depends on: (1) attentional selection of the target; (2) spatial pooling over the attended target to compute the precise landing position; and (3) adaptive modification of saccades to ensure saccadic accuracy. The present experiments studied adaptation. Adaptive modifications were induced by displacing the target during saccades. Adaptation was found to be: (1) similar for a small target point and a large target circle, despite the differences in the spatial pattern of landing position errors for each; (2) unaffected by instructions to look part way to the target, even though such instructions altered landing position error relative to the target; and (3) insensitive to symbolic cues disclosing the direction of the intra-saccadic displacement. Briefly delaying the presentation of the post-saccadic target greatly reduced adaptation. Neither corrective saccades, nor the position errors that trigger corrections, were involved in adaptation because corrective saccades rarely occurred with a large target circle even though the circle produced as much adaptation as the single point. Taken together, the results do not support the traditional notion that post-saccadic retinal position error controls adaptation. We propose that adaptation relies on a comparison of the actual post-saccadic retinal image with the post-saccadic image that would be predicted based on a representation of the planned saccade. Such a comparison: (1) is consistent with our results; (2) may be more effective than retinal position error in controlling adaptation in natural visual scenes containing large targets and backgrounds; and (3) is similar to the motion-based adaptive mechanisms associated with the VOR. Similarity between the adaptive control of saccades and adaptive control of the VOR raises the possibility that the most important role of saccadic adaptation may be the coordination of eye and head movements during shifts of gaze.
Improving RNA interference in mammalian cells by 4'-thio-modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) : Effect on siRNA activity and nuclease stability when used in combination with 2'-O-alkyl modifications

A systematic structure-activity relationship study of 4'-thioribose containing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has led to the identification of highly potent and stable antisense constructs. To enable this optimization effort for both in vitro and in vivo applications, we have significantly improved the yields of 4'-thioribonucleosides by using a chirally pure (R)-sulfoxide precursor. siRNA duplexes containing strategically placed regions of 4'-thio-RNA were synthesized and evaluated for RNA interference activity and plasma stability. Stretches of 4'-thio-RNA were well tolerated in both the antisense and sense strands. However, optimization of both the number and placement of 4'-thioribonucleosides was necessary for maximal potency. These optimized siRNAs were generally equipotent or superior to native siRNAs and exhibited increased thermal and plasma stability. Furthermore, significant improvements in siRNA activity and plasma stability were achieved by judicious combination of 4'-thioribose with 2'-O-methyl and 2'-O-methoxyethyl modifications. These optimized 4'-thio-siRNAs may be valuable for developing stable siRNAs for therapeutic applications.
A Rapid Cytoplasmic Mechanism for PI3 Kinase Regulation by the Nuclear Thyroid Hormone Receptor, TRβ, and Genetic Evidence for Its Role in the Maturation of Mouse Hippocampal Synapses In Vivo

Several rapid physiological effects of thyroid hormone on mammalian cells in vitro have been shown to be mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), but the molecular mechanism of PI3K regulation by nuclear zinc finger receptor proteins for thyroid hormone and its relevance to brain development in vivo have not been elucidated. Here we show that, in the absence of hormone, the thyroid hormone receptor TRβ forms a cytoplasmic complex with the p85 subunit of PI3K and the Src family tyrosine kinase, Lyn, which depends on two canonical phosphotyrosine motifs in the second zinc finger of TRβ that are not conserved in TRα. When hormone is added, TRβ dissociates and moves to the nucleus, and phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate production goes up rapidly. Mutating either tyrosine to a phenylalanine prevents rapid signaling through PI3K but does not prevent the hormone-dependent transcription of genes with a thyroid hormone response element. When the rapid signaling mechanism was blocked chronically throughout development in mice by a targeted point mutation in both alleles of Thrb, circulating hormone levels, TRβ expression, and direct gene regulation by TRβ in the pituitary and liver were all unaffected. However, the mutation significantly impaired maturation and plasticity of the Schaffer collateral synapses on CA1 pyramidal neurons in the postnatal hippocampus. Thus, phosphotyrosine-dependent association of TRβ with PI3K provides a potential mechanism for integrating regulation of development and metabolism by thyroid hormone and receptor tyrosine kinases.
An Approach to Undergraduate Engineering Education for the 21st Century

The complexity inherent in the newest technologies as well as the complexity inherent in the multiplicity and diversity of societal needs and perspectives in relation to those technologies calls for a new approach to undergraduate engineering education. We believe this new approach requires a paradigmatic shift from a linear reductionist mindset to a nonlinear holistic mindset. To accomplish such a shift in undergraduate engineering education we propose a new context, new content and new pedagogy to reinforce the context and content. The latter includes the concept of praxis, a set of personal, group and professional practices, which have the goals of internalizing knowledge, enhancing self-awareness and embodying the values of a new integrated culture of engineering. We believe that the program advocated in this paper can be implemented within the constraints of the normal 4 year curriculum by utilizing the ABET humanities and ethics requirements more effectively.
The Aza‐Cope/Mannich Reaction

Because of their ability to rapidly build molecular complexity, reactions that construct several carbon-carbon bonds are of special value in organic synthesis. Among these transformations, cascade reactions form several bonds by an orchestrated sequence in which the first bond-forming step reveals functionality that allows subsequent bond forming transformations. In 1979 such a sequence for the synthesis of 3-acylpyrrolidines and azacyclic structures that contain this unit was reported. This reaction is now commonly called the aza-Cope/Mannich reaction, a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of an unsaturated iminium cation generates the iminium ion and enol that are participants in a subsequent intramolecular Mannich reaction. The aza-Cope/Mannich reaction has not been the subject of comprehensive review. This chapter covers the common version of the transformation discussed above along with the formation of 3-acylpyrrolidines by a related base-promoted cascade sequence. Keywords: Aza-Cope/Mannich reactions; 1- Aminobut-3-en-2-ols; Amine alkylation; Iminium ion; Vinyl substituents; Stereochemistry; Mechanisms; Condensation; Solvent; Acid; Ring enlarging; Rearrangements; Base-promoted reactions; Experimental procedures
Turbulence and Small-Scale Dynamics in the Core

Convective motions mix the fluid outer core, so that it is close to a state of uniform composition and specific entropy. The strength and nature of these motions vary with depth, with a plume region near the inner-core boundary, a well-mixed interior region, and possibly a stable layer beneath the core–mantle boundary. In all these regions, small-scale motions are strongly influenced by the Coriolis and Lorentz forces, resulting in anisotropic ‘pancake-shaped’ structures which are flattened in the direction normal to the plane defined by the rotation and magnetic-field vectors. Within the plume region, convection may be characterized by relatively few, but vigorous, plumes rising through a stably stratified, slowly descending fluid. These plumes are unstable and fragment as they rise, merging into the well-mixed interior. Dynamics of core motions are affected by the diffusivities of momentum, heat, composition and magnetic field, and a realistic numerical model of the dynamo must adequately quantify the effects of these diffusivities on the small (subgrid) scales of motion. Magnetic diffusivity is sufficiently large that its effects need explicit representation, while the need to parametrize the relatively small viscous force will wane as better numerical schemes are adopted. Heat and composition behave similarly dynamically and it may be sufficient to adopt a single parametrization for diffusion of both. An accurate parametrization must include the effects of anisotropy and scale dependence.
Digital Inclusion for Migrant Millennials: Improving the ICT Landscape of Yakima Valley Schools

Digital inclusion seeks to bring the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICT) to vulnerable populations such as low-income families, residents of rural communities, seniors, disabled citizens, at-risk youth, immigrants, refugees and people of color. Despite its thriving agricultural industry, the Yakima Valley in Washington State is designated as an economically distressed area with low wages, significant unemployment and high poverty levels. The area's agricultural emphasis attracts a large population of migrant workers who are generally perceived to be information poor, meaning they face major challenges with finding and using greatly needed everyday information. Little research in ICT access for migrant populations exists because differences in language, culture and other factors make migrant workers and their youth a particularly difficult population to study. Using the Yakima Valley as a research site, this work examines current digital inclusion efforts towards migrant youth and how rising workers of the millennial generation can better participate in today’s digital economy. This research involves reviewing literature on the information ecosystem of the Yakima Valley, interviewing school district administrators for their insight into the current ICT landscape of their facilities and evaluating current educational technology access strategies within the region. The work provides recommendations aimed at influencing policy and awareness for digital inclusion within the school system.
Complex spectrum of finite-density lattice QCD with static quarks at strong coupling

We calculate the spectrum of transfer matrix eigenvalues associated with Polyakov loops in finite-density lattice QCD with static quarks. These eigenvalues determine the spatial behavior of Polyakov loop correlation functions. Our results are valid for all values of the gauge coupling in $1+1$ dimensions and in the strong-coupling region for any number of dimensions. When the quark chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is nonzero, the spatial transfer matrix ${T}_{s}$ is non-Hermitian. The appearance of complex eigenvalues in ${T}_{s}$ is a manifestation of the sign problem in finite-density QCD. The invariance of finite-density QCD under the combined action of charge conjugation $\mathcal{C}$ and complex conjugation $\mathcal{K}$ implies that the eigenvalues of ${T}_{s}$ are either real or part of a complex pair. Calculation of the spectrum confirms the existence of complex pairs in much of the temperature-chemical potential plane. Many features of the spectrum for static quarks are determined by a particle-hole symmetry. For $\ensuremath{\mu}$ that is small compared to the quark mass $M$, we typically find real eigenvalues for the lowest-lying states. At somewhat larger values of $\ensuremath{\mu}$, pairs of eigenvalues may form complex-conjugate pairs, leading to damped oscillatory behavior in Polyakov loop correlation functions. However, near $\ensuremath{\mu}=M$, the low-lying spectrum becomes real again. This is a direct consequence of the approximate particle-hole symmetry at $\ensuremath{\mu}=M$ for heavy quarks. This behavior of the eigenvalues should be observable in lattice simulations and can be used as a test of lattice algorithms. Our results provide independent confirmation of results we have previously obtained in Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models using complex saddle points.
A Type of Oscillation Within the Helium Atom

(1935). A Type of Oscillation Within the Helium Atom. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 487-496.
Aesthetic contouring of the facial support system.

The facial skeletal structure and its attachments provide a basis for changing the fundamental structure of the face. The chin, malar- midface, posterior mandibles, and supraorbital ridges are the areas most frequently altered for aesthetic reasons. A combination of proper planning and the use of recently developed techniques, which are discussed here, provides consistently predictable results.
Cancer Mortality Among Chinese in the United States

A total of 1,824 cancer deaths among the Chinese in California, Hawaii, and New York City, 1968--72, was examined against 96,635 Taiwanese dying from cancer for the corresponding years. Emphasis was placed on patterns of displacement by nativity between 1960 and 1970. Much of the transitional experiences were similar to those reported for Japanese and European migrants to the United States, such as the rise of cancers of the lung and colon in males. However, the upward displacement of cancers of the female breast and corpus uteri failed to occur among the Chinese. In general, the pattern of transition for Idai and Erdai was less apparent, compared with the mortality experiences of Issei and Nisei. Perhaps longer periods are needed to achieve full displacement of cancer risks in the advanced ages.
Identification of Candidate Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) Substrates in Mitosis by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is an essential regulator of many mitotic processes including the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, chromosome segregation, and formation and separation of daughter cells. Deregulation of Cdk1 activity results in severe defects in these processes. Although the role of Cdk1 in mitosis is well established, only a limited number of Cdk1 substrates have been identified in mammalian cells. To increase our understanding of Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation pathways in mitosis, we conducted a quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis in mitotic HeLa cells using two small molecule inhibitors of Cdk1, Flavopiridol and RO-3306. In these analyses, we identified a total of 24,840 phosphopeptides on 4,273 proteins, of which 1,215 phosphopeptides on 551 proteins were significantly reduced by 2.5-fold or more upon Cdk1 inhibitor addition. Comparison of phosphopeptide quantification upon either inhibitor treatment revealed a high degree of correlation (R(2) value of 0.87) between the different datasets. Motif enrichment analysis of significantly regulated phosphopeptides revealed enrichment of canonical Cdk1 kinase motifs. Interestingly, the majority of proteins identified in this analysis contained two or more Cdk1 inhibitor-sensitive phosphorylation sites, were highly connected with other candidate Cdk1 substrates, were enriched at specific subcellular structures, or were part of protein complexes as identified by the CORUM database. Furthermore, candidate Cdk1 substrates were enriched in G2 and M phase-specific genes. Finally, we validated a subset of candidate Cdk1 substrates by in vitro kinase assays. Our findings provide a valuable resource for the cell signaling and mitosis research communities and greatly increase our knowledge of Cdk1 substrates and Cdk1-dependent signaling pathways.
Back to Egypt

In the spring of 1909, as Kitchener’s term of office in India drew to a close, the Liberal cabinet began the search for a successor to Minto who was due to retire in 1910. The field was narrow so that Kitchener, given his outstanding record of imperial service and the King’s personal endorsement, was seen as the leading candidate. Asquith wanted the government to benefit from Kitchener’s great prestige, but left the ultimate decision to John Morley, the Secretary for India. Morley was an anti-imperialist much like Gladstone and, apart from his personal dislike of Kitchener, distrusted the military mind.1 He made it clear that he would resign rather than confirm Kitchener’s return to India. He claimed as justification that appointing a famous active soldier to a civilian post would send the wrong message and undo much of the good will created by the India Councils Act of 1909—as a first step towards parliamentary democracy it introduced the election of Indians to some legislative councils though the major ones remained British government appointments. Morley’s preference for the post was Sir Charles Hardinge, then Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs, but his appointment would raise the question of what to do with the country’s most eminent soldier.
Effects of IT-Enabled Monitoring Systems in Online Labor Markets

This paper investigates how IT-enabled monitoring systems mitigate moral hazard in an online labor market and their effect on market competition. We exploit a quasi-experiment at Freelancer when it introduced enhanced offline tracking features in 2015. Using a large dataset including 17,827 fixed-price projects and 8,563 hourly projects, we use a difference-indifferences (DID) approach to identify the treatment effect of the implementation of IT-enabled monitoring systems on employer contractor choice, employer surplus and market competition. We found that the IT-enabled monitoring system lowers the employers’ preference for high reputable bidders, and thus reduces the reputation premiums. Meanwhile, comparing the trend of fixed-price projects, the implementation of the monitoring systems increased the number of bids by 17.4% and increased employer surplus in hourly projects by 21.5%. Our result suggests that IT-enabled monitoring systems have a significant effect on alleviating moral hazards, reducing agency costs, and facilitating market competition.
TCT-196 From Door to Balloon to Door to Unload: A Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies that Primary Unloading Globally Shifts Gene Expression and Preserves Mitochondrial Integrity within the Infarct Zone during the Acute Phase of AMI

We recently reported that compared to Primary Reperfusion (PR), first reducing myocardial oxygen demand by activating an acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) pump while delaying coronary reperfusion (Primary Unloading; PU) reduces myocardial damage in models of acute myocardial infarction (
The monitoring of activity at home after total hip arthroplasty

Aims Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has well known subjective benefits, but little is known objectively about the recovery of mobility in the early post-operative period. Patients and Methods A total of 33 patients aged > 60 years who underwent elective primary THA had their activity monitored for 30 days post-operatively using an at-home (Fitbit) ankle accelerometer. Their mean age was 70.7 years (61 to 86); 15 (45.5%) were female. The rate of compliance and the mean level of activity were determined. Comparisons between subgroups based on age, body mass index (BMI), surgical approach, and the destination of the patients when discharged were also performed. Results The mean compliance over the 30 days was 26.7 days (16 to 30; 89%) of use. The mean number of steps increased from 235 (5 to 1152) to 2563 (87 to 7280) (p < 0.001) between the first and the 30th post-operative day. Age < 70 years and an anterior surgical approach were significantly associated with higher levels of activity (1600 to 2400 (p = 0.016 to 0.031) and 1000 to 1800 (p = 0.017 to 0.037) more steps per day, respectively) between the second and the fourth week post-operatively. There was also a trend towards higher levels of activity in those who were discharged to their home rather than to a nursing facility (a mean of 1500 more steps per day, p = 0.02). BMI greater or less than 30 kg/m 2 was not predictive of activity (p = 0.45 to 0.98). Conclusion At-home remote mobility monitoring using existing commercially available technology is feasible in patients who have undergone THA. It showed a clear trend towards increased activity with the passage of time. Additionally, the remote device was able to detect differences in levels of activity clearly between patients in relation to variables of interest including age, BMI, surgical approach, and the destination of the patient at the time of discharge from hospital. Such monitoring may allow for the early identification and targeted intervention in patients who recover slowly. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1450–4.