cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Jew's Body

Drawing on a wealth of medical and historical materials, Sander Gilman sketches details of the anti-Semitic rhetoric about the Jewish body and mind, including medical and popular depictions of the Jewish voice, feet, and nose. Case studies illustrate how Jews have responded to such public misconceptions as the myth of the cloven foot and Jewish flat-footedness, the proposed link between the Jewish mind and hysteria, and the Victorians' irrational connection between Jews and prostitutes. Gilman is especially concerned with the role of psychoanalysis in the construction of anti-Semitism, examining Freud's attitude towards his own Jewishness and its effect on his theories, as well as the supposed "objectiveness" of psychiatrists and social scientists.
Ethical resource distribution after biological, chemical, or radiological terrorism.

Twenty minutes ago, terrorists releasedwhat was probably a weaponized bio-logical or chemical agent in a largecity. Those affected seem to be withinabout a 12-square-block area. Despiteofficial advice to stay calm and toavoid medical facilities unless ill orinjured, the entire city panics.On what appears to be the edge ofthe exposure area, the 4-year-old Smittboy has become ill. Other family mem-bers fear that they have been exposedto the agent but are not yet showingsymptoms. They all head to the hos-pital, afraid for their lives.At the city’s emergency depart-ments (EDs), clinicians have realizedthat the symptoms seem to be cholin-ergic (a syndrome that producessweating, tearing, and diarrhea andis a common effect of chemical war-fare agents) and of relatively rapidonset, ruling out most biological agentsas the cause. Together, the city’s hos-pitals have enough resources to pro-vide potentially lifesaving treatmentto about 150 moderately ill or 50 seri-ously ill people. No one can estimatehow long it will be until additionalmedications and equipment arrive; itwill at least be many hours, or longer,if other areas have also been affected.Patients crowd the EDs claiming tohave symptoms, although many ofthem clearly are not (yet) ill. TheSmitts demand treatment for theirchild and medication that is pre-sumed to be prophylactic forthemselves.Many fire, police, and emergencymedical system (EMS) personnel arerequesting supplies of Mark 1 kits(nerve agent antidotes in autoinjec-tors), but they are in very short supply.The hospitals’ ethics committees,which have never discussed this issue,are attempting conference calls to for-mulate recommendations, but, withcommunications tied up, have not yetbeen able to do so.
DNA Vaccine Molecular Adjuvants SP-D-BAFF and SP-D-APRIL Enhance Anti-gp120 Immune Response and Increase HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Titers

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) specific for conserved epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) are believed to be essential for protection against multiple HIV-1 clades. However, vaccines capable of stimulating the production of bNAbs remain a major challenge. Given that polyreactivity and autoreactivity are considered important characteristics of anti-HIV bNAbs, we designed an HIV vaccine incorporating the molecular adjuvants BAFF (B cell activating factor) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) with the potential to facilitate the maturation of polyreactive and autoreactive B cells as well as to enhance the affinity and/or avidity of Env-specific antibodies. We designed recombinant DNA plasmids encoding soluble multitrimers of BAFF and APRIL using surfactant protein D as a scaffold, and we vaccinated mice with these molecular adjuvants using DNA and DNA-protein vaccination strategies. We found that immunization of mice with a DNA vaccine encoding BAFF or APRIL multitrimers, together with interleukin 12 (IL-12) and membrane-bound HIV-1 Env gp140, induced neutralizing antibodies against tier 1 and tier 2 (vaccine strain) viruses. The APRIL-containing vaccine was particularly effective at generating tier 2 neutralizing antibodies following a protein boost. These BAFF and APRIL effects coincided with an enhanced germinal center (GC) reaction, increased anti-gp120 antibody-secreting cells, and increased anti-gp120 functional avidity. Notably, BAFF and APRIL did not cause indiscriminate B cell expansion or an increase in total IgG. We propose that BAFF and APRIL multitrimers are promising molecular adjuvants for vaccines designed to induce bNAbs against HIV-1. IMPORTANCE Recent identification of antibodies that neutralize most HIV-1 strains has revived hopes and efforts to create novel vaccines that can effectively stimulate HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. However, the multiple immune evasion properties of HIV have hampered these efforts. These include the instability of the gp120 trimer, the inaccessibility of the conserved sequences, highly variable protein sequences, and the loss of HIV-1-specific antibody-producing cells during development. We have shown previously that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily ligands, including BAFF and APRIL, can be multitrimerized using the lung protein SP-D (surfactant protein D), enhancing immune responses. Here we show that DNA or DNA-protein vaccines encoding BAFF or APRIL multitrimers, IL-12p70, and membrane-bound HIV-1 Env gp140 induced tier 1 and tier 2 neutralizing antibodies in a mouse model. BAFF and APRIL enhanced the immune reaction, improved antibody binding, and increased the numbers of anti-HIV-1 antibody-secreting cells. Adaptation of this vaccine design may prove useful in designing preventive HIV-1 vaccines for humans.
High Voltage Schottky Barrier Diodes on P-Type SiC using Metal-Overlap on a Thick Oxide Layer as Edge Termination

P-type 6H SiC Schottky barrier diodes with good rectifying characteristics upto breakdown voltage as high as 1000V have been successfully fabricated using metal-overlap over a thick oxide layer (~ 6000 A) as edge termination and Al as the barrier metal. The influence of the oxide layer edge termination in improving the reverse breakdown voltage as well as the forward current - voltage characteristics is presented. The terminated Schottky diodes indicate a factor of two higher breakdown voltage and 2-3 times larger forward current densities than those without edge termination. The specific series resistance of the unterminated diodes was ~228 mΩ-cm2, while that of the terminated diodes was ~84 mΩ-cm2.
Hyolitha from the Early Paleozoic glacial erratic boulders (Geschiebe) of Germany and Poland

Abstract. Hyoliths from glacial erratic boulders, or Geschiebe, from northern Germany and Poland include representatives of Hyolithes acutus Eichwald, 1840, the type of the genus. Geschiebe individuals of that taxon reinforce and augment the revised generic concept of Hyolithes of Malinky (2006), and extend the range of morphologic variation in terms of longitudinal sculptural elements and apical curvature. Occurrences in the Geschiebe of Crispatella Malinky, 2002 and Dorsolinevitus Syssoiev, 1958, reinforce the notion of distinct hyolith paleobiogeographic provinces in the Ordovician, with these forms belonging to the Baltic province of Marek (1976). Operculum A is the first operculum identified to possess an epibiont on the exterior. Hyolithes esthonus Koken, 1889 is herein transferred to Dorsolinevitus with question, and several other specimens are assigned to that genus but left in open nomenclature at the species level. Nevadotheca ? sp. and Holmitheca ? sp. are both recognized from Early Cambrian erratic sandstone boulders, suggesting that these forms lived in shallower, more nearshore environments than their occurrences elsewhere would suggest. "Hyolithes" vaginati (Quenstedt, 1852), the first hyolith species recognized from a boulder, is deemed unrecognizable due to inadequate preservation. The supposed Silurian hyolith Ceratotheca erratica (Koken, 1889) is herein transferred to the Gastropoda. Hyolithen aus Geschieben Norddeutschlands und Polens umfassen Exemplare von Hyolithes acutus Eichwald, 1840, der Typusart der Gattung. Die aus den Geschieben stammenden Exemplare dieser Art unterstutzen und erweitern das Konzept der Gattung Hyolithes nach Malinky (2006) und fuhren weitere morphologische Variationen der longitudinalen Strukturelemente sowie der Krummung des Apex ein. Das Vorkommen von Crispatella Malinky, 2002 und Dorsolinevitus Syssoiev, 1958 in Geschieben erweitert die bisherigen Kenntnisse der palaobiogeographischen Provinzen im Ordovizium. Diese Formen gehoren zu der baltischen Provinz nach Marek (1976). Operculum A ist das erste Operculum mit einem Epibionten auf der Ausenseite. Hyolithes esthonus Koken, 1889 wird in dieser Arbeit unter Vorbehalt Dorsolinevitus angeschlossen. Weitere Exemplare werden ebenfalls dieser Gattung zugeordnet, verbleiben aber auf der Artebene in offener Nomenklatur. Nevadotheca ? sp. und Holmitheca sp. wurden aus unterkambrischen Sandstein-Geschieben bekannt. Das lasst vermuten, dass diese Formen in flachen, kustennahen Gewassern lebten, und steht damit im Widerspruch zu bisherigen Funden. Pugiunculus vaginati Quenstedt, 1852, der erste jemals aus einem Geschiebeblock bekannt gewordene Hyolith, ist fur eine Bestimmung nicht ausreichend erhalten. doi: 10.1002/mmng.200600020
Regular iterative algorithm for extracting all trees of a linear graph

A regular iterative algorithm (RIA) to extract all trees of a linear graph is presented. The algorith is developed from a sequential algorithm that operates on the incidence matrix of a graph. This RIA can be used to design a processor array that can find trees of a graph at a rate that is independent of the number of graph edges. The RIA is the basis for a processor array that finds one tree of a graph in O(N) time, where N is the number of graph vertices. >
Enhancing diabetes self-care among rural African Americans with diabetes: results of a two-year culturally tailored intervention.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of conducting a community-based randomized controlled trial evaluating a culturally tailored community-based group diabetes self-management education (DSME) program among rural African Americans.MethodsThirty-two African American rural adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited and 25 adults were retained and participated in an interventional study designed to test the effectiveness of the “Taking Care of Sugar” DSME program for the 2-year follow-up. Participants were selected from rural central Virginia. Primary outcomes variables included average blood sugar levels, cardiovascular risk factors, and general physical and mental health. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post baseline.ResultsFrom baseline to 3-month follow-up assessment, participants exhibited significant improvement on several physiological and behavioral measures. Given the small sample size, hypothesis testing was limited. Results show c...
Size versus energy for a spot written thermomagnetically with a light beam having a Gaussian distribution

The fact that the intensity distribution of a gas laser beam is Gaussian is of significance in determining the size of a spot written thermomagnetically on a magnetooptical material. The design tradeoff between beam energy and spot size is examined.
Microscopy Hacks: development of various techniques to assist quantitative nanoanalysis and advanced electron microscopy

For development of advanced materials, characterization using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) including analysis via X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry and electron energy-loss spectrometry is essential. Recent advances in aberration-corrected instruments have offered large-scale data acquisition at a high resolution for limited acquisition times both in imaging and in analysis. Further advanced procedures are required to analyze such large-scale datasets more efficiently including quantification. In addition, more simplified tuning procedures are crucial to the best possible resolution in the latest aberration-corrected instruments. In this review article, several approaches to perform advanced electron microscopy, which the author has been developing with his colleague, are described as 'Microscopy Hacks'. These are (i) quantification and elemental/chemical-imaging procedures, (ii) advanced statistical approaches to handle large-scale datasets and (iii) instrument characterization and tuning procedures including the latest development of an ad hoc autotuning procedure for aberration-corrected STEM imaging.
A differential response of wild type and mutant promoters to TFIIIB70 overexpression in vivo and in vitro

TFIIIB, the initiation factor for transcription by RNA polymerase III (pol III) is, in yeast, composed of three subunits: TBP, TFIIIB70/Brf1 and TFIIIB90. To determine the extent to which each of these subunits is limiting for pol III transcription, the effect of overexpressing each subunit was assessed on the expression of wild-type and promoter mutant pol III genes both in vivo and in vitro . In vivo , we find that the synthesis of wild-type pol III genes is not limited to a significant extent by the level of any TFIIIB subunit. There is, however, a two-fold increase in the synthesis of the promoter mutant gene, sup9-e A19-supS1 , in strains overexpressing TFIIIB70. The findings suggest that overexpression of TFIIIB70has a differential effect on the expression of pol III genes with strong versus weak promoters. In vitro transcription assays support this conclusion and reveal an inverse correlation between the transcriptional response to TFIIIB70overexpression and promoter strength. The individual TFIIIB subunits are nuclear by immunofluorescence and are calculated to have nuclear concentrations in the low micromolar range. In comparison, the factors are diluted 100-fold or more in whole cell extracts. This dilution accounts for the generally limiting nature of TFIIIB70in pol III gene transcription in vitro.
Those Now ‘Asleep’ (not dead) Must be ‘Awakened’ for the Day of the Lord in 1 Thess 5.9–10

1 Thess 5.9–10 can be translated: ‘For God has not destined us for wrath but for possession of salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ who died for us, so that whether we may be awake or whether we may be asleep we may together live with him.’ Paul uses the same verb for ‘asleep’ (καθeύδωμeν) in 5.10 as he uses in 5.6–8 with the metaphorical sense of being ethically or spiritually negligent in contrast to being ‘awake’ and ‘sober’, that is, ethically or spiritually vigilant: ‘Let us not be asleep (καθeύδωμeν) like the rest but let us be awake and sober. For those who sleep (καθeύδοντeς) sleep (καθeύδουσιν) at night and those who get drunk get drunk at night. Since we are of the day, let us be sober . . .’ In 4.13–15 Paul uses a different verb for ‘asleep’ (κοιμάομάι) to refer to those who are physically dead. Nevertheless, most commentators insist upon interpreting καθeυδώ in 5.10, not with the meaning it has in 5.6–7, but with the same meaning as καιμαομαι in 4.13–15 – those who have physically died. This also requires that ‘awake’ (γρηγορωμeν) in 5.10 be interpreted as physically ‘alive’ rather than ethically or spiritually ‘vigilant’, the sense it has in 5.6.
Postnatal morphine administration alters hippocampal development in rats.

Morphine is frequently used as an analgesic and sedative in preterm infants. Adult rats exposed to morphine have an altered hippocampal neurochemical profile and decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. To evaluate whether neonatal rats are similarly affected, rat pups were injected twice daily with 2 mg/kg morphine or normal saline from postnatal days 3 to 7. On postnatal day 8, the hippocampal neurochemical profile was determined using in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy. The mRNA and protein concentrations of specific analytes were measured in hippocampus, and cell division in dentate gyrus was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine. The concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and myo-insotol were decreased, whereas concentrations of glutathione, phosphoethanolamine, and choline-containing compounds were increased in morphine-exposed rats relative to control rats. Morphine decreased glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme levels and myelin basic protein mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling in the dentate gyrus was decreased by 60–70% in morphine-exposed rats. These results suggest that recurrent morphine administration during brain development alters hippocampal structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coffee intake in midlife and risk of dementia and its neuropathologic correlates.

While animal data suggest a protective effect of caffeine on cognition, studies in humans remain inconsistent. We examined associations of coffee and caffeine intake in midlife with risk of dementia, its neuropathologic correlates, and cognitive impairment among 3494 men in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (mean age 52 at cohort entry, 1965-1968) examined for dementia in 1991-1993, including 418 decedents (1992-2004) who underwent brain autopsy. Caffeine intake was determined according to self-reported coffee, tea, and cola consumption at baseline. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), cognitive impairment (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument score /=411.0 mg/d) [corrected] were less likely than men in the lowest quartile (</=137.0 mg) [corrected] to have any of the lesion types (adjusted-OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.89; p, trend = 0.04). Coffee and caffeine intake in midlife were not associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, or individual neuropathologic lesions, although higher caffeine intake was associated with a lower odds of having any of the lesion types at autopsy.
Performance testing of a microfabricated propulsion system for nanosatellite applications

There is a growing interest in the use of micro and nanosatellites within the aerospace community. Constellations of small satellites may eventually replace much larger, single function spacecraft as a cheaper, more flexible alternative. Micro-technologies will be required to enable small satellite missions including efficient, low-cost propulsion systems for maneuvering. A MEMS fabricated propulsion system has been developed for maneuvers on an upcoming University nanosatellite mission. The Free Molecule Micro-Resistojet (FMMR) is an electrothermal propulsion system designed for on-orbit maneuvers of nanosatellites, which are defined as spacecraft with an initial mass less than 10 kg. The FMMR has been tested using a torsion force balance to assess its performance using a variety of propellants including helium, argon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The experimental performance results compare favorably with results obtained from gas kinetic theory, which were used in the design phase to estimate the thruster's performance. The measured performance of the FMMR in this study has proven to be adequate to perform attitude control maneuvers for the University nanosatellite mission.
Sea smoke and steam fog

%WMARY The characteristics of fogs resulting from the advection of cold air over warm water (steam fog and sea smoke) are investigated. They are found to occur with air temperatures between 5 and 40°C lower than the water temperature, in winds from calm to gale; they have liquid water contents in the range 0.01-0.5 g m-3, extend in height from 1 to 1,500 m and commonly exhibit either a columnar or banded structure. A study of their occurrence in Atlantic waters reveals a marked concentration in the western regions in the winter months because of the proximity of warm ocean and cold continent. Through the use of equations for turbulent transfer it is shown that the occurrence of steaming is related to the well-known fact that two masses of unsaturated air at different temperatures when mixed together can yield a supersaturated or foggy mixture. In deriving the connexion the equality of transfer coefficients for heat and water vapour is assumed. The circumstances in which steaming occurs are defined. T h e difference in the temperatures of the air and water must exceed a threshold which is dependent on the humidity of the air and the temperature and salinity of the water : its value, in the range 5-ljoC, is a minimum when the air is moist and the water cold and fresh. T h e liquid water content and vertical extent of steaming increase as the thermal contrast increases. Close agreement is found between observations of the onset of steaming and the computed threshold values.
Temporal Patterns of Bird Abundance in Cornfield Edges during the Breeding Season

Abstract Bird abundance in cornfield edges in Iowa was documented from mid-April through early August 1992. During this period the barren, sparsely vegetated fields are transformed into fields with dense plant cover; the availability of food resources (corn and arthropods) also changes. Temporal patterns of bird abundance in cornfield edges differed greatly among species—some were present in cornfield edges throughout most, if not all, of the study period (e.g., American robin and eastern kingbird), whereas others restricted their use to brief periods. Some were more abundant early in the season (e.g., killdeer and horned lark); others were more abundant later (e.g., black-capped chickadee and indigo bunting). Much of the seasonal change in bird abundance in cornfield edges was attributed to the habitat affinities of the various species and to seasonal shifts in available food resources. Birds that feed on the ground or in low herbaceous vegetation became less abundant later in the season, whereas species...
A Generic Solution to Integrate SQL and Analytics for Big Data

There is a need to integrate SQL processing with more advanced machine learning (ML) analytics to drive actionable insights from large volumes of data. As a first step towards this integration, we study how to efficiently connect big SQL systems (either MPP databases or new-generation SQL-on-Hadoop systems) with distributed big ML systems. We identify two important challenges to address in the integrated data analytics pipeline: data transformation, how to efficiently transform SQL data into a form suitable for ML, and data transfer, how to efficiently handover SQL data to ML systems. For the data transformation problem, we propose an In-SQL approach to incorporate common data transformations for ML inside SQL systems through extended user-defined functions (UDFs), by exploiting the massive parallelism of the big SQL systems. We propose and study a general method for transferring data between big SQL and big ML systems in a parallel streaming fashion. Furthermore, we explore caching intermediate or final results of data transformation to improve the performance. Our techniques are generic: they apply to any big SQL system that supports UDFs and any big ML system that uses Hadoop InputFormats to ingest input data.
The Kalām Cosmological Argument, the Big Bang, and Atheism

While there has been much work on cosmological arguments, novel objections will be presented against the modern day rendition of the Kalām cosmological argument as standardly articulated by William Lane Craig. The conclusion is reached that this cosmological argument and several of its variants do not lead us to believe that there is inevitably a supernatural cause to the universe. Moreover, a conditional argument for atheism will be presented in light of the Big Bang Theory.
Using deep cuts in an ellipsoid algorithm for nonlinear programming

Several variants of the ellipsoid algorithm are discussed and results of computational experiments using these variants are reported. Different deep-cut hyperplanes are used to generate the next ellipsoid from the current one. Efficiency and robustness are compared when the variants are used to solve convex and nonconvex problems. Statistics on the frequency and the depth of the various cuts are also reported.
A Survey on Event Processing for CPS

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is an important research area which promotes the progress of IT revolution and digital life in the 21st century. As a vital element in CPS, event plays an important role in transforming physical data into our semantic model. Therefore, the event processing scheme is of importance to guarantee the usability of the CPS. In this survey, we at first represent the notion, characteristics and research significance of the events in CPS. Then, we summarize event processing techniques under the context of CPS and its related research fields separately, with pointing out the deficiencies of existing technologies when to support CPS applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges of event processing in CPS as well as its future research directions.
Empowering Youth Through Research: Adolescent's Perceptions of Physical Activity

Active participation in evaluation and research projects can empower youth and effect community change. Adolescents along with supervising teachers participating in after-school Health Sciences and Technology Academy clubs conducted research projects to increase physical activity in Appalachian communities. The sample involved 50 adolescents who participated across one of six focus groups. Two primary themes emerged from the focus groups, indicating the impact of the research experiences on students, teachers, and their communities. First, students reported increased public health and research competence as well as feelings of self-worth. Second, the participants reported developing a stronger sense of the barriers to and facilitators of physically active lifestyles relevant in their local communities. This research substantiates the “youth as asset” paradigm and suggests that involving adolescents in community health research benefits both them and their communities.
Nonequilibrium Transport of Suspended Sediment

The nonequilibrium transport of suspended sediment in an open channel is studied at an abrupt change from a nonerodible to an erodible bed. The convective-diffusion equation is solved for the case of constant velocity distribution and parabolic eddy diffusion coefficient. Diffusion in the direction of flow is neglected. Graphs of the concentration distribution, the channel-depth average concentration and the scour rate are presented.
The development and testing of a prototype mini-baghouse to control the release of respirable crystalline silica from sand movers

ABSTRACTInhalation of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is a significant risk to worker health during well completions operations (which include hydraulic fracturing) at conventional and unconventional oil and gas extraction sites. RCS is generated by pneumatic transfer of quartz-containing sand during hydraulic fracturing operations. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers identified concentrations of RCS at hydraulic fracturing sites that exceed 10 times the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and up to 50 times the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL). NIOSH research identified at least seven point sources of dust release at contemporary oil and gas extraction sites where RCS aerosols were generated. NIOSH researchers recommend the use of engineering controls wherever they can be implemented to limit the RCS released. A control developed to address one of the largest sources of RCS aerosol generation is the NIOSH mi...
Refined Stochastic Field Models for Jet Engine Vibration and Fault Diagnostics

The paper proposes a refined stochastic fault classifier for jet engine vibration diagnostic based on advanced stochastic concepts. The statistical data to be analyzed are the spectrum profiles of vibration measured at different locations in the engine. The statistical spectrum profiles are idealized by non-homogeneous stochastic fields with non-Gaussian probability distributions. The proposed stochastic classifier is based on the decomposition of the statistical correlation matrix of spectrum profiles using a Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion. Two stochastic classifiers are proposed, namely a “global” and a “specific” fault classifier. The “global” KL classifier, which is a scalar quantity, is an efficient anomaly/novelty detection tool for identifying incipient fault diagnosis with small amplitude fluctuations. The “specific” KL classifier, which is a vector quantity, is a refined diagnostic tool for identifying the engine malfunction causes. An illustrative example of a turbofan engine is included.© 2000 ASME
Solidification of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid mixtures and its relationship to chilling sensitivity in plants.

Freezing points of mixtures of palmitic and linoleic, or palmitic and linolenic acids, the predominant fatty acids in plants, decrease slowly as the unsaturated fatty acid is increased to 60 mole %. Beyond this per cent the freezing point is depressed quite markedly by each addition of unsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic and linolenic acids have similar effects on the freezing points of the mixtures until about 82 mole % unsaturated fatty acid. Differences of less than 5% in the amount of unsaturated fatty acid have a marked effect on the freezing point of mixtures at the approximate composition of fatty acid in plant membrane lipids.
Teaching Tolerance? Effects of Conservation Education Programs on Wildlife Acceptance Capacity for the American Alligator

ABSTRACTGrowing populations of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in human-dominated landscapes present a challenge to wildlife managers concerned with promoting coexistence between humans and alligators. Where structural fixes such as direct removal of animals are not viable options, cognitive fixes such as conservation education programs should be considered. We evaluated the effectiveness of two conservation education programs (classroom-based program, field excursion) on three outcome variables that help define wildlife acceptance capacity for American alligators: beliefs and attitudes, perceived risk, and potential for coexistence. We found respondents who took part in both education programs had more positive beliefs and attitudes toward alligators, and believed in a greater potential for coexistence than individuals in a control group who did not undergo either intervention. Control group respondents also perceived higher risk from alligators. These data suggest that conservation educ...
Biomimetic strategies for engineering composite tissues

The formation of multiple tissue types and their integration into composite tissue units presents a frontier challenge in regenerative engineering. Tissue-tissue synchrony is crucial in providing structural support for internal organs and enabling daily activities. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in composite tissue scaffold design, and explores how biomimicry can be strategically applied to avoid over-engineering the scaffold. Given the complexity of biological tissues, determining the most relevant parameters for recapitulating native structure-function relationships through strategic biomimicry will reduce the burden for clinical translation. It is anticipated that these exciting efforts in composite tissue engineering will enable integrative and functional repair of common soft tissue injuries and lay the foundation for total joint or limb regeneration.
Si Photonics Deployment Using Cu Pillar Interconnect and Chip On Wafer Platform

We introduce a high-speed 4x25Gbps, MSA-compliant, QSFP transceiver built on a Silicon Photonics platform. The transceiver integrates high sensitivity receivers, CTLE, clock recovery, modulator drivers and BIST on a TSMC 28nm die connected to the photonic die thru a fine pitch (50um) Copper Pillar interface. A wafer-scale approach, Chip on Wafer, CoW, is used to assemble the electronic die and the light source on to the photonic die, so that the full optical path can be tested, at speed, in loopback configuration in wafer form, using a standard ATE solution. This presentation focuses on the CoW assembly development aspects of the transceiver. Wafer probe and bump, die processing services, CoW assembly and Back End of Line, BEOL, Test Services will be presented.
Current situation of major chronic disease and its impact factors in Hongkou District of Shanghai

[Objective] To study the prevalence and impact factors of non-communicable chronic diseases in Hongkou District,Shanghai,providing scientific basis for prevention and control strategies for chronic diseases.[Methods] By multi-stage random sampling,832 residents above 15 years old were investigated with questionnaire and physical measurements.[Results] Of the 832 residents investigated,the prevalence of hypertension is the highest,up to 27.8%.The rate of smoking,passive smoking,drinking,overweight and obesity were 25.1%,78.5%,14.3%,28.8% and 6.3%,respectively.The investigated persons who lacked physical exercise,calcium intake,vitamin B and C were 80.5%,44.4% and 6.1%,respectively.And 18.4% of the investigated people had the hobby of eating salted food.The risk of hypertension in women was higher than that of men,people above 50 years old suffered easily from hypertension and diabetes,and people with family history of hypertension and diabetes had the increased risk of hypertension and diabetes.Overweight and obesity were impact factors for hypertension and hyperlipidemia.And hypertension was an impact factor for diabetes and hyperlipidemia,and meanwhile,diabetes and hyperlipidemia were impact factors for hypertension.[Conclusion] Chronic diseases are characterized by diversification in Hongkou District of Shanghai.So it's urgent to carry out effective interventions and systematical,comprehensive and multiple management model to prevent the spread of chronic diseases and reduce the pressure and economic burden resulting from diseases.
Regeneration of montane forests 24 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires: A fire-catalyzed shift in lower treelines?

Forests near the lower limit of montane tree cover are expected to be particularly vulnerable to warming climate, potentially converting to non-forest for prolonged periods if affected by canopy-removing disturbances. Such disturbance-catalyzed shifts are by nature stochastic, offering few opportunities to test these predictions. We capitalized on a landmark event exemplary of recent large disturbances—the 1988 wildfires in Yellowstone National Park (USA)—to investigate long-term (24-yr) regeneration dynamics in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forests, which compose the lower treeline yet have received little study. We tested the hypothesis that, under current conditions (warmest decades in last 6000 yr), dry lower-margin stands are less apt to attain self-replacement than adjacent, but more mesic, stands farther from the ecotone. Mesic sites characterized by dense forests prefire regenerated robustly regardless of burn severity, even in large high-severity patches, whereas dry sites did so only if nearby seed sources survived (i.e., small patch size or moderate burn severity). Regeneration continued over two decades, peaking between ~5 and 15 yr, with mesic stands continuing regenerating beyond 15 yr to a greater degree than dry stands. Self-replacement of stands by 24 yr postfire was nearly universal in mesic stands, variable but common in dry stands not adjacent to the lower ecotone, and uncommon in dry stands near the ecotone—particularly if burned at high severity. Whether the lack of regeneration in ecotonal stands is categorically directional with warming climate or part of a long-term cycle is unresolved, but we estimate that the 1988 fires converted > 4000 ha of lower-montane forest to grass/sage steppe for at least several decades, possibly indefinitely given current trends in climate. These data support the notion that climate-driven shifts in vegetation cover are likely to occur in punctuated fashion with disturbances, with relatively abrupt implications for montane forest cover, biogeography, and ecosystem function.
The Temple University Hospital EEG corpus

The recently established Neural Engineering Data Consortium (NEDC) is in the process of developing its first large-scale corpus. This corpus, known as the Temple University Hospital EEG Corpus, upon completion, will total over 20,000 EEG studies, and include patient information, medical histories and physician assessments, making it the largest and most comprehensive publicly released EEG corpus. For the first time, there will be sufficient data to support the application of state of the art machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we present pilot results of experiments in which we attempted to predict some basic attributes of an EEG from the raw EEG data using a pilot database of 100 EEGs. Standard machine learning approaches are shown to be capable of predicting commonly occurring events from simple features with high accuracy on closed-loop testing, and can deliver error rates slightly below 50% on a 12-way open set classification problem.
Relationship Between Endothelial Wall Shear Stress and High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics for Identification of Coronary Lesions That Cause Ischemia: A Direct Comparison With Fractional Flow Reserve.

BackgroundWall shear stress (WSS) is an established predictor of coronary atherosclerosis progression. Prior studies have reported that high WSS has been associated with high‐risk atherosclerotic p...
Abstract 18724: Stable and Synchronous Pacing Generated From the Tbx18-Induced Pacemaker Cells by Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Inhibition

The pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node (SAN) exhibit highly variable individual beating rates, and yet pace the heart in synchrony. We have previously demonstrated conversion of ventricular cardiomyocytes to induced pacemaker cells (iPCs) by Tbx18. However, the iPCs ceased to pace the heart in a short while. In the embryonic heart, Tbx18 not only directs the SAN development, but also mobilizes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epicardial progenitors. We hypothesized that, during the conversion to iPCs, Tbx18 initiates both automaticity and EMT, and the EMT program runs counter to iPCs’ pacing function. The iPCs were created by adenoviral gene transfer of human TBX18 to neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, while control myocytes were transduced with GFP alone (GFP-NRVMs). Cells that undergo EMT are known to migrate. Within 48hrs post-TBX18 gene transfer, significantly more iPCs exhibited a migratory behavior compared to GFP-NRVMs (216±12 vs. 28±4, p 2+ imaging confirmed synchronous Ca 2+ cycling in iPCs+A83, but not in iPCs, which correlated with increased Hcn4 expression at the transcript and protein levels (2.8- and 1.6-fold, respectively, p Taken together, Tbx18-induced pacemaker cells generate durable and synchronous pacing upon inhibiting EMT. Our findings may give rise to biological pacemakers that are capable of long-term pacing.
Increasing Analytical Separation and Duty Cycle with Nonlinear Analytical Mobility Scan Functions in TIMS-FT-ICR MS.

In this work, nonlinear, stepping analytical mobility scan functions are implemented to increase the analytical separation and duty cycle during tandem Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry and FT-ICR MS operation. The differences between linear and stepping scan functions are described based on length of analysis, mobility scan rate, signal-to-noise, and mobility resolving power. Results showed that for the linear mobility scan function only a small fraction of the scan is sampled, resulting in the lowest duty cycle 0.5% and longest experiment times. Implementing nonlinear targeted scan functions for analysis of known mobilities resulted in increased duty cycle (0.85%) and resolving powers (R up to 300) with a 6-fold reduction in time from 30 to 5 min. For broad range characterization, a nonlinear mobility stepping scan function provided the best sensitivity, resolving power, duty cycle (4%), and points per peak. The applicability of nonlinear mobility scan functions for the analysis of complex mixtures is i...
Topology-Guided Stepwise Insertion of Three Secondary Linkers in Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks.

We report a topology-guided, precise insertion of three distinct secondary linkers into a zirconium-based metal–organic framework, NPF-300. Constructed from a tetratopic linker L and Zr6 cluster, NPP-300 exhibits a unique scu topology and certain flexibility along the crystallographic a axis, and in conjunction with the conformation change of the primary ligand, is able to accommodate the stepwise insertion of three different secondary linkers along the a and c axes. Size-matching and mechanic strain of the resulting framework are two important factors that determine the chemical stability of the inserted linkers. Secondary linker insertion in NPF-300 significantly enables not only its porosity but also potentials to install up to three different functional groups for the construction of multivariate MOFs with homogeneity.
Formal Organization of the Commissions

Functions and powers — The General Assembly adopted resolutions which established the Commissions and formally outlined their functions and powers, but specific applications were left to the field bodies.1 Thus, in Korea, the Commissions had considerable leeway to interpret their powers to fit the situations they encountered.
The Evolution of Comparative Plant Genetics

Comparative genetics is a broad field of research with the general goal of estimating similarity at some level of organization. In the 1920’s, Vavilov proposed the Law of Homologous Series (Vavilov, 1922), which states that variation for traits in related species is predictive, and thus, genetic relationships can be inferred from morphological similarity. The structure or patterns of relationships discovered can then lead to new knowledge, hypotheses, and predictions about those species. The evolution of comparative genetics research from the whole plant level to the DNA level has synergistically expanded our knowledge of genome structure and function due to the complementarity of research among scientists working on different species.
Characters for projective modules in the BGG Category O for general linear Lie superalgebras

Abstract We determine the Verma multiplicities and the characters of projective modules for atypical blocks in the BGG Category O for the general linear Lie superalgebras gl ( 2 | 2 ) and gl ( 3 | 1 ) . We then explicitly determine the composition factor multiplicities of Verma modules in the atypicality 2 block of gl ( 2 | 2 ) .
The aspirin unit: confronting a hostile political context through chemistry curriculum

This article presents a case study of “the aspirin unit,” a curriculum unit from an advanced chemistry class in a neighborhood high school in a large US city. The extended case method is applied to analyze this curriculum within the larger US political context that criminalizes youth of color. Data sources include retrospective interviews with students, student work, and the teacher-researcher’s archival records. There is evidence that this unit was meaningful to students, effectively framed opportunities for them to learn canonical science, and prompted them to consider the sociopolitical implications of their science education. There is also evidence that there was ample room for improvement in the aspirin unit. This article brings justice-centered science pedagogy into conversation with sociotransformative constructivism to identify some of these possibilities. This study implies that addressing inequity in science education requires confronting the latent politics in the curriculum and broader context.
Cross-sectional refractive-index variations in fiber Bragg gratings measured by quantitative phase imaging

Unexpected micrometer-scale patterns in the induced refractive index of various commercial fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are observed in the cross-sectional fiber directions, which are in addition to the expected periodic variations along the fiber axis. These measurements were made using 3D tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy, a type of quantitative phase imaging. The cross-sectional patterns observed are shown to exhibit a variety of appearances, including fringes normal to the fiber axis and radial blades, the details apparently depending on the FBG writing method.
Quantitative Structure-Selectivity Relationships in Enantioselective Catalysis: Past, Present, and Future

The dawn of the 21st century has brought with it a surge of research related to computer-guided approaches to catalyst design. In the past two decades, chemoinformatics, the application of informatics to solve problems in chemistry, has increasingly influenced prediction of activity and mechanistic investigations of organic reactions. The advent of advanced statistical and machine learning methods, as well as dramatic increases in computational speed and memory, has contributed to this emerging field of study. This review summarizes strategies to employ quantitative structure-selectivity relationships (QSSR) in asymmetric catalytic reactions. The coverage is structured by initially introducing the basic features of these methods. Subsequent topics are discussed according to increasing complexity of molecular representations. As the most applied subfield of QSSR in enantioselective catalysis, the application of local parametrization approaches and linear free energy relationships (LFERs) along with multivariate modeling techniques is described first. This section is followed by a description of global parametrization methods, the first of which is continuous chirality measures (CCM) because it is a single parameter derived from the global structure of a molecule. Chirality codes, global, multivariate descriptors, are then introduced followed by molecular interaction fields (MIFs), a global descriptor class that typically has the highest dimensionality. To highlight the current reach of QSSR in enantioselective transformations, a comprehensive collection of examples is presented. When combined with traditional experimental approaches, chemoinformatics holds great promise to predict new catalyst structures, rationalize mechanistic behavior, and profoundly change the way chemists discover and optimize reactions.