cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do parental assets matter for children's educational attainment?: Evidence from mediation tests

Abstract This study investigates (1) the effects of parental assets on children's educational attainment from high school completion to college degree attainment, and (2) mediating roles played by parental involvement, child's educational expectations, and child's self-esteem. The study sample (N = 632) is drawn from the Child and Young Adult data supplement to the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979. Results indicate that parental assets are associated with children's later educational attainment. Financial assets and home-ownership are significantly associated with high school completion and college attendance. In addition, family income becomes non-significant when specific measures of assets and liabilities are taken into account. Non-financial assets and income are significant predictors of college degree attainment. Children's educational expectations mediate the effect of financial assets on high school completion. Empirical evidence provides support for asset-building programs and policies designed to promote long-term educational attainment.
Voluntary morphine ingestion, morphine dependence, and recovery from withdrawal signs

We are reporting on conditions (without forced drinking or premedications) where rats voluntarily drink high quantities of sucrose-morphine solutions in preference to water. The volume ingested is inversely related to the morphine concentration in the liquid. The morphine antagonist, nalorphine, produced a clear set of opiate withdrawal signs in these (voluntarily) morphine-drinking rats. The severity of withdrawal signs was a function of the amount of ingested morphine. The present finding is the first report to show that rats ingest high quantities of sucrose-morphine without premedication or forced hydration procedures.
Isolation of plasma membranes from the bovine retinal pigment epithelium.

Retinal pigment epithelium plasma membranes have been isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation of glass-bead-bound, collagenase-treated cells. Electron microscopic evidence indicates that the glass-bead-bound cells were devoid of red blood cells, rod outer segments and other ocular cell contaminants. The plasma membranes were recovered in 4–6 μg/eye yields and purified 10-fold by 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase 1, and 6.5-fold by (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. Plasma membrane purity as measured by covalent labeling of the epithelial cell plasma membrane proteins with p-(diazonium) benzene[32S]sulfonic acid was 8–19-fold. In purified plasma membranes contamination by mitochondria was undetectable and lysosomal contamination reduced 100-fold, while endoplasmic reticulum was 2-fold enriched. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the plasma membrane proteins revealed 23–26 major bands by Coomassie blue staining and 12–16 major bands by radioactive labeling. The plasma membranes exhibited a 3-fold lower concentration of docosahexaenoic acid, a 3-fold higher cholesterol/phosphate ratio, and were 10-fold enriched in cholesterol per μg protein when compared to the whole cell fraction. Retinal epithelial plasma membranes contain an average of 1 mol cholesterol per mol of lipid phosphorus, a high palmitic acid concentration (39 mol%) and a low concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (2 mol%). The lipid profile of the retinal pigment epithelial plasma membranes indicates that they are typical of plasma membranes from many other cell types and that they appear to be less fluid than total rod outer segment membranes.
Do legislators' votes reflect constituency preference? A simple way to evaluate the Senate

U.S. senators frequently vote against the preference of their constituency, assuming that such a preference exists. Both of a state's senators represent the same constituency. Whenever they split their votes, one or the other is necessarily going against the constituency preference. For the sample of defense-related votes analyzed above, “misrepresentation” — either observable vote splitting or unobservable vote matches that go against the constituency preference — occurred at least 37 percent of the time, at least 46 percent on one vote. Although party differences accounted for more than two-thirds of the vote splitting, a substantial number of splits remained. Besides, a party difference for a state's senatorial pair is itself problematical.
ROLLING RESISTANCE OF PNEUMATIC TIRES

Abstract Linear relations have been observed experimentally between tire equilibrium rolling resistance, tire load, and the reciprocal of tire inflation pressure. These variables are used to formul...
Nonresonant multiphoton ionization of calcium atoms in an intense laser field.

We have studied the single and double nonresonant multiphoton ionization of calcium atoms using both 532-nm and 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation. These studies were conducted in the intensity regime of ${10}^{10}$--${10}^{13}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We use mass and angularly resolved electron-energy analysis in an attempt to gain insight into the dominant mechanisms responsible for ionization. An analysis is presented for intensity- and frequency-dependent results, and electron angular distributions are reduced in terms of atomic parameters derivable from lowest-order perturbation theory.
Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis, distinguishes mesenchymal chondrosarcoma from other small blue round cell tumors

Over the last decade, a number of "master regulator" genes that control distinct pathways of mesenchymal differentiation have been discovered. These genes are expressed early during embryogenesis and initiate a cascade of gene expression responsible for specific cell lineage commitment. Thus, identification of their products may allow the classification of seemingly primitive, morphologically uncommitted tumors such as small blue round cell tumors. The transcription factor Sox9 has been demonstrated to be a master regulator of the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes. For this reason, we examined the utility of Sox9 in distinguishing mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (a small cell malignancy thought to be derived from primitive chondroprogenitor cells) from other primitive small cell malignancies. Representative sections from 90 cases of small blue round cell tumors (22 mesenchymal chodrosarcoma, 10 neuroblastomas, 11 rhabdomyosarcomas, 9 Ewing's sarcomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 5 desmoplastic small round cell tumors, 7 small cell carcinomas, 6 Merkel cell carcinomas, 6 small cell osteosarcomas, 7 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, 7 lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas, and 5 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas) were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to Sox9 protein. All but 1 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma showed positive nuclear staining in both primitive mesenchymal and cartilaginous components of the tumor. All other types of small blue round cell tumors, as well as the lymphomas and leukemias, were negative for Sox9 protein. These findings confirm that mesenchymal chondrosarcoma has phenotypic features corresponding to the early condensational phase of cartilaginous differentiation. More important, Sox9 may serve as a useful tool in the differentiation of small cell malignancies.
Role of Clp protease subunits in degradation of carbon starvation proteins in Escherichia coli.

When deprived of a carbon source, Escherichia coli induces the synthesis of a group of carbon starvation proteins. The degradation of proteins labeled during starvation was found to be an energy-dependent process which was inhibited by the addition of KCN and accelerated when cells were resupplied with a carbon source. The degradation of the starvation proteins did not require the ATP-dependent Lon protease or the energy-independent proteases protease I, protease IV, OmpT, and DegP. During starvation, mutants lacking either the ClpA or ClpP subunit of the ATP-dependent Clp protease showed a partial reduction in the degradation of starvation proteins. Strains lacking ClpP failed to increase degradation of starvation proteins when glucose was added to starving cells. The clpP mutants showed a competitive disadvantage compared with wild-type cells when exposed to repeated cycles of carbon starvation and growth. Surprisingly, the glucose-stimulated, ClpP-dependent degradation of starvation proteins did not require either the ClpA or ClpB protein. The patterns of synthesis of starvation proteins were similar in clpP+ and clpP cells. The clpP mutants had reduced rates of degradation of certain starvation proteins in the membrane fraction when a carbon source was resupplied to the starved cells. Images
Ordered high coverage NO overlayers on Pd(111)

Abstract High coverage NO overlayers on Pd(111) were studied by LEED and vibrational infrared spectroscopy under equilibrium adsorption conditions. Three ordered, coincident site superlattices were found to exist at NO coverages of 0.5, 0.625 and 0.75 monolayers (ML). Structural models have been proposed to give a consistent interpretation to both the LEED and vibrational infrared data. In particular, the 0.625 ML structure can be regarded as phase/antiphase domains of low density NO separated by domain walls containing NO at a higher local density. Infrared reflection-absorption data indicates that relaxation of the domain wall structure produces a tilted NO species.
Fuzzy connectedness and object definition: theory, algorithms, and applications in image segmentation

Images are by nature fuzzy. Approaches to object information extraction from images should attempt to use this fact and retain fuzziness as realistically as possible. In past image segmentation research, the notion of “hanging togetherness” of image elements specified by their fuzzy connectedness has been lacking. We present a theory of fuzzy objects forn-dimensional digital spaces based on a notion of fuzzy connectedness of image elements. Although our definitions lead to problems of enormous combinatorial complexity, the theoretical results allow us to reduce this dramatically, leading us to practical algorithms for fuzzy object extraction. We present algorithms for extracting a specified fuzzy object and for identifying all fuzzy objects present in the image data. We demonstrate the utility of the theory and algorithms in image segmentation based on several practical examples all drawn from medical imaging.
Gas transport in ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) elastomer: Molecular simulation and experimental study

Abstract Time lag permeation measurements with ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) elastomer have been undertaken in an effort to characterize the gas transport properties of this barrier material. The derived solubility and diffusivity of a series of probe gases including helium, hydrogen, neon, argon, krypton, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and methane were measured and compared with molecular simulation predictions. Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) calculations were performed to provide estimates for diffusivity and solubility, respectively. Agreement between the molecular simulations and experimental data is obtained for simple spherical monatomic probe gases, with greater deviation observed for non-spherical polyatomic gases. Additionally, agreement between semi-empirical correlations based on the effective cross-sectional area of the diffusing species and the effective Lennard–Jones interaction constant of the sorbed species is better than widely used correlations based on gas critical properties. Furthermore, the molecular simulations provide a meaningful representation for the elastomer studied and additionally appear to capture the fundamental principles of sorption and diffusion of the chosen probe gases.
Assessing educational fundraisers for competence and fit rather than experience: A challenge to conventional hiring practices

This article challenges current recruitment and hiring practices in educational advancement organizations, while proposing a paradigm shift in addressing the talent shortage of fundraising professionals. A case is presented that competence and fi t is more important than experience for successful and productive fundraising outcomes. The paper concludes with a prescriptive solution for hiring fundraisers based on a three-step model: recruiting for competence, hiring for organizational fi t and training for technical skills.
Positive affect versus reward: emotional and motivational influences on cognitive control.

It is becoming increasingly appreciated that affective influences can contribute strongly to goal-oriented cognition and behaviour. However, much work is still needed to properly characterize these influences and the mechanisms by which they contribute to cognitive processing. An important question concerns the nature of emotional manipulations (i.e., direct induction of affectively-valenced subjective experience) versus motivational manipulations (e.g., delivery of performance-contingent rewards and punishments) and their impact on cognitive control. Empirical evidence suggests that both kinds of manipulations can influence cognitive control in a systematic fashion, but investigations of both have largely been conducted independently of one another. Likewise, some theoretical accounts suggest that emotion and motivation may modulate cognitive control via common neural mechanisms, while others suggest the possibility of dissociable influences. Here, we provide an analysis and synthesis of these various accounts, suggesting potentially fruitful new research directions to test competing hypotheses.
A Faustian Foreign Policy from Woodrow Wilson to George W. Bush: Dreams of Perfectibility – By Joan Hoff

In this remorseless critique of U.S. foreign policy since 1917, the author argues that American presidents have “cut ‘deals with the devil’ in order to maintain an expanding list of global goals,” ...
Long-term Outcomes of Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders Exposed to Short-term Intervention

OBJECTIVES To examine long-term outcomes of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who received a 6-month early intervention at age 2. METHODS Forty-eight toddlers diagnosed with an ASD received a 6-month evidence-based intervention. Cognitive (IQ) and communication ability, as well as severity of autism symptoms, were assessed by using standardized measures at preintervention (Time 1 [T1]; mean [M] age = 27 months), postintervention (T2; M age = 35 months), short-term follow-up (T3; M age = 41 months), and long-term follow-up (T4; M age = 72 months). RESULTS From pre- to postintervention, significant gains in IQ and Vineland Communication domain standard scores as well as a reduction in ASD severity were achieved (all P P P CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the potential for positive long-term outcomes in toddlers with ASD. Additional research is needed to understand the relation between early exposure to uninterrupted intervention and developmental gains, and whether initial reduction in ASD symptom severity can be sustained through targeted intervention.
Resource Availability Prediction for Improved Grid Scheduling

The frequent and volatile unavailability of volunteer-based grid computing resources challenges grid schedulers to make effective application placements. The manner in which host resources become unavailable will have different effects on different applications, depending on their runtime and their ability to be checkpointed or replicated. A multi-state availability model can help improve scheduling performance by capturing the various ways a resource may be available or unavailable to the grid. This paper uses a multi-state model and describes several prediction techniques to forecast resource transitions into the model's states. We analyze the accuracy of our predictors, which outperform existing approaches. Our approach increases the accuracy of multi-state resource availability prediction, and enables better application placement decisions that reduce the number of operations lost due to resource failure and eviction, decreases application makespan, or both.
Mechanisms of TGF-β1–Induced Intimal Growth Plasminogen-Independent Activities of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Heterogeneous Origin of Intimal Cells

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) is a potent stimulator of intimal growth. We showed previously that TGF-beta(1) stimulates intimal growth through early upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and, subsequently, PAI-1-dependent increases in cell migration and matrix accumulation. We also showed that PAI-1 negatively regulates TGF-beta(1) expression in the artery wall. Here we use plasminogen-deficient mice to test whether TGF-beta(1)-stimulated, PAI-1-dependent intimal growth and PAI-1 suppression of TGF-beta(1) expression are mediated through inhibition of plasminogen activation by PAI-1. We also use lineage tracing to investigate the origin of cells in TGF-beta(1)-induced intimas. Surprisingly, both TGF-beta(1)-induced, PAI-1-dependent intimal growth and PAI-1 suppression of TGF-beta(1) expression are independent of plasminogen. Moreover, approximately 50% of cells that migrate into the intima of TGF-beta(1)-overexpressing arteries carry a smooth muscle lineage marker, <1% carry a bone marrow lineage marker, and the remaining cells carry neither marker. Therefore, PAI-1 stimulates intimal growth and suppresses TGF-beta(1) expression through activities other than inhibition of plasminogen activation. In addition, contrary to widely held models, our results do not support a role for plasmin (or thrombospondin) in TGF-beta(1) activation in the artery wall. Further identification of the molecular targets through which PAI-1 stimulates intimal formation and suppresses TGF-beta(1) expression in the artery wall may reveal new approaches for inhibiting intimal formation. Our studies also discount bone marrow as an important source from which TGF-beta(1) recruits intimal cells and suggest instead that TGF-beta(1) induces substantial cell migration either from the adventitia or from an extravascular, but nonhematopoietic source.
Malignant hyperthermia phenotype: hypotension induced by succinylcholine in susceptible swine.

BackgroundSuccinylcholine causes immediate and severe arterial hypotension in swine with the malignant hyperthermia phenotype. The underlying mechanisms are unknown.MethodsMalignant hyperthermia–susceptible (MHS; n = 10) and normal swine (n = 5) were anesthetized with thiopental. The following were
Do Only the Healthy Intend to Participate in Worksite Health Promotion

Few companies or organizations involved in health promotion have addressed the major question of whether they are reaching the employees with the greatest health needs or those who could benefit most from these efforts. The popular view that only individuals who are already physically fit and healthy participate in worksite wellness programs was critically examined. Data from 523 survey respondents at the University of Oregon were analyzed to determine whether employees differed on health-related characteristics and their interest in attending a worksite health promotion program. Comparisons between program participant "intenders" and "nonintenders" revealed that both groups had similar lifestyle habits, preventive health practices, and health status profiles. Significant differences were more related to age and perceptions about their physical and emotional health status. Implications for health risk reduction pro gram planning in the work setting are discussed.
In vivo photoacoustic mapping of lymphatic systems with plasmon-resonant nanostars

Plasmon-resonant nanostars (NSTs) provide excellent contrast enhancement for photoacoustic tomography. The high photoacoustic sensitivity of NSTs at near-infrared wavelengths enables their in vivo detection in rat sentinel lymph nodes and vessels, with direct application toward lymphangiography.
Quantitation of Multistage Carcinogenesis in Rat Liver

A well characterized model of multistage carcinogenesis is that of hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. The histopathology as well as the cell and molecular biology of the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression have been elucidated to varying degrees in this system. Putatively single initiated hepatocytes are identified by their expression of the ubiquitous marker of hepatocarcinogenesis, glutathione-S-transferase π (GSTP). 0.5-1.0 X 106 GSTP-positive "initiated" hepatocytes developed within 14 days after initiation with a subcarcinogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Approximately 1% of these cells develop clonally into altered hepatic foci (AHF) in animals administered promoting agents, such as phenobarbital, chronically for 4-8 mo. Hepatocytes within AHF during the stage of promotion exhibit normal diploid karyotypes but various phenotypes depending on the chemical nature of the promoting agent. Continued administration of the promoting agent results in the infrequent development of hepatocel...
Perspectives on Behavior Settings: With Illustrations From Allison’s Ethnography of a Japanese Hostess Club

The basic unit of ecological psychology, the behavior setting, has been conceptualized and studied from two contrasting but complementary perspectives. This article describes both and proposes deve...
Gay affirmative therapy for the straight clinician: The essential guide

It is 2009. Never have people been so sophisticated about the lives of lesbian and gay individuals. The field of psychotherapy has increasing understanding of the universal and unique experiences o...
Transient Pinning and Pulling: A Mechanism for Bending Microtubules

Microtubules have a persistence length of the order of millimeters in vitro, but inside cells they bend over length scales of microns. It has been proposed that polymerization forces bend microtubules in the vicinity of the cell boundary or other obstacles, yet bends develop even when microtubules are polymerizing freely, unaffected by obstacles and cell boundaries. How these bends are formed remains unclear. By tracking the motions of microtubules marked by photobleaching, we found that in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells local bends develop primarily by plus-end directed transport of portions of the microtubule contour towards stationary locations (termed pinning points) along the length of the microtubule. The pinning points were transient in nature, and their eventual release allowed the bends to relax. The directionality of the transport as well as the overall incidence of local bends decreased when dynein was inhibited, while myosin inhibition had no observable effect. This suggests that dynein generates a tangential force that bends microtubules against stationary pinning points. Simulations of microtubule motion and polymerization accounting for filament mechanics and dynein forces predict the development of bends of size and shape similar to those observed in cells. Furthermore, simulations show that dynein-generated bends at a pinning point near the plus end can cause a persistent rotation of the tip consistent with the observation that bend formation near the tip can change the direction of microtubule growth. Collectively, these results suggest a simple physical mechanism for the bending of growing microtubules by dynein forces accumulating at pinning points.
RELATIVE FITNESSES OF SELFED AND OUTCROSSED PROGENY IN GILIA ACHILLEIFOLIA (POLEMONIACEAE).

The evolution of self-pollination is a recurrent theme in the history of the angiosperms, and has long been of interest to evolutionists (Darwin, 1876; Darlington, 1939; Mather, 1943; Baker, 1955; Stebbins, 1957; Allard et al., 1968; Jain, 1976; Maynard Smith, 1977; Lloyd, 1979). Yet despite the widespread attention that the topic has received, the factors important to the evolution of self-pollination (autogamy) are poorly understood. As noted by Jain (1976), there are many hypothesized advantages associated with autogamy, but few data bearing on these hypotheses. One of the commonly cited advantages of selfing, and the most general, has been referred to as the automatic selection advantage (Jain, 1976). This advantage arises from the fact that while an outcrossing individual contributes on the average, one haploid genome through its ovules and one through its pollen, a selfing variant contributes up to three haploid genomes on the average, two through its selfed offspring, and one by outcrossing as a pollen parent. Unless the inbred progeny have reduced fitness, mutations promoting selfing are expected to increase in frequency by selection (Fisher, 1941; Maynard Smith, 1977; Lloyd, 1979, 1980). Inbreeding depression in the progeny of selfed parents may impart a reduction in viability, fecundity or both, sufficient to impede the selection of genes for self-pollination. According to Lloyd (1979), in situations where a selfing mutant arises in an outcrossing population, the critical magnitude of inbreeding depression above which mutant genes promoting selfing are
Nuclear Behavior in Mycelium of a Solopathogenic Line and in a Cross of Two Haploid Lines of Ustilago Maydis (DC.) Cda.

(1958). Nuclear Behavior in Mycelium of a Solopathogenic Line and in a Cross of Two Haploid Lines of Ustilago Maydis (DC.) Cda. Mycologia: Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 622-627.
Photosynthetic and growth response to fumigation with SO2 at elevated CO2 for C3 and C4 plants.

Six early successional plant species with differing photosynthetic pathways (3 C3 species and 3 C4 species) were grown at either 300, 600, or 1,200 ppm CO2 and at either 0.0 or 0.25 ppm SO2. Total plant growth increased with CO2 concentration for the C3 species and varied only slightly with CO2 for the C4 species. Fumigation with SO2 caused reduced growth of the C3 species at 300 ppm CO2 but not at the higher concentrations of CO2. Fumigation with SO2 reduced growth of the C4 species at high CO2 and increased growth at 300 ppm CO2. Leaf area increased with increasing CO2 for all plant species. Fumigation with SO2 reduced leaf area of C3 plants more at low CO2 than at high CO2 while leaf area of C4 plants was reduced more at high CO2 than at low CO2. These results support the notion that C3 species are more sensitive to SO2 fumigation than are C4 species at concentrations of CO2 equal to that found in normal ambient air. However, the difference in sensitivity to SO2 between C3 and C4 species was found to be reversed at higher concentrations of CO2. A possible explanation for this reversal based upon differences in stomatal response to elevated CO2 between C3 and C4 species is discussed.
A Rating Scale for Measuring Product/ Service Satisfaction:

A simple yet effective rating scale measure of satisfaction has been developed by sociological researchers studying the perceived quality of life. The author examines the suitability of this measur...
Infrared Motion Analysis of Hyperactive Children

Movement patterns of 18 boys with ADHD and 11 normal controls were recorded using an infrared video and motion analysis system during a continuous performance task (CPT) at the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and the McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.
Patriot Number One

Comics historians often claim that US superheroes were singularly proactive in propagating for the nation’s entry into WWII, largely because so many superhero creators were Jewish. This chapter argues that such readings create a Jewish American community that was more activist, united, and informed than can be historically supported. Instead, it shows how Superman adhered to the official US line, initially championing isolationism and moving toward intervention only as the nation did. Particular attention is paid to a 1940 strip, in which Superman “ends the war,” and to the recent tendency of using a Nazi reaction to this strip to support claims about Superman’s Jewishness. The chapter also discusses Superman’s fight against fifth columnists, which again is neither singular to comics nor pro-war in its figuration.
Redefining short bowel syndrome in the 21st century

In 1968, Wilmore and Dudrick reported an infant sustained by parenteral nutrition (PN) providing a potential for survival for children with significant intestinal resections. Increasing usage of TPN over time led to some patients developing Intestinal Failure Associated Liver Disease (IFALD), a leading cause of death and indication for liver/intestinal transplant. Over time, multidisciplinary teams called Intestinal Rehabilitation Programs (IRPs) began providing meticulous and innovative management. Usage of alternative lipid emulsions and lipid minimization strategies have resulted in the decline of IFALD and an increase in long-term and transplant-free survival, even in the setting of ultrashort bowel (< 20 cm). Autologous bowel reconstructive surgeries, such as the serial tapering enteroplasty procedure, have increased the likelihood of achieving enteral autonomy. Since 2007, the number of pediatric intestinal transplants performed has sharply declined and likely attributed to the newer innovations healthcare. Recent data support the need for changes in the listing criteria for intestinal transplantation given the overall improvement in outcomes. Over the last 50 y, the diagnosis of short bowel syndrome has changed from a death sentence to one of hope with a vast improvement of quality of life and survival.
A rare case of cutaneous oncocytic hidradenoma

Oncocytes are epithelial cells characterized by their abundant eosinophilic and finely granular cytoplasm. Their histologic appearance is due to excessive amounts of cytoplasmic mitochondria. Oncocytes generally occur in the setting of benign neoplasms. Oncocytomas, or tumors composed primarily of oncocytes, are typically found in the kidneys. Other common sites include the salivary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands. Oncocytic metaplasia has only been rarely reported in various cutaneous neoplasms. We report a case of an elderly male presenting with a 5 millimeter erythematous papule on his left scalp, who underwent a shave biopsy showing a nodular, dermal-based adnexal tumor with prominent ductal differentiation, composed of multiple small, well-formed lumina surrounded by enlarged, bland-appearing epithelioid cells. CK7, EMA, and mCEA immunohistochemical stains were positive, consistent with adnexal differentiation. PTAH and LFB stains highlighted the cytoplasmic granules, consistent with mitochondria. The overall findings were consistent with oncocytic nodular hidradenoma. Oncocytic hidradenoma is a very rare entity, with only 1 previously reported case in the literature.
Justice and Legal Theory

In this book I offer a theory of justice and law. They are not the same. If they were, then the politics which determines power would also govern morality. It doesn’t; if only because there is a distinction between enforcing the law and administering justice. As Lord Denning has observed, the judge aims at “preventing a party from insisting upon his full legal rights, when it would be unjust to follow him to enforce them.”1
Great Masters of Mexican Folk Art in Los Angeles: transnational exhibition, diasporic emplacement, and the expedient politics of display

In this essay, I trace the Great Masters of Mexican Folk Art exhibition from its inception in a privatized programme managed by the transnational bank Banamex through its multiple instantiations wi...
High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Direct Printing of Molten Metal

Abstract In this paper, we developed a high-resolution direct printing process for molten metal using Elctrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing technology. We characterized and verified the effect of the electric field on the printing process, which can continuously print fine molten metal filament from the nozzle without requiring any pneumatic pressure. By comparing direct extrusion with pneumatic pressure and EHD printing with a voltage, we found that the EHD printing can effectively reduce the printed filament dimension down to less than 50 μm and achieve better quality (uniformity and shape) of the printed features. We successfully applied EHD printing to print high-resolution 2D patterns and some high aspect-ratio 3D structures, which demonstrated the potential capabilities of EHD printing process in producing fine metal structures and microelectronic fabrication.
Standardization of nodal radiation therapy through changes to a breast cancer clinical pathway throughout a large, integrated cancer center network.

Abstract Background Studies demonstrate safety of omitting axillary nodal dissection for early-stage breast cancer with positive sentinel lymph node (+SLN) biopsy, although trial designs differed in radiation therapy (RT) fields. Regional nodal irradiation was separately shown to improve outcomes in high-risk patients. This led to lack of consensus in RT volumes. Clinical pathways (CPs) standardize care where practice varies unnecessarily. We evaluated the impact of changes to a CP guiding postoperative RT in women with +SLNs on practice patterns throughout a network. Methods and materials We implemented a CP for management of breast cancer with postoperative RT designed to promote uniform nodal treatment. The CP recommended modified tangents (MTs) including level I/II nodes for women with micrometastases (pN1mi). For women with macrometastases (pN1a), CPs recommended including level I/II LN in MT and a third supraclavicular node (SCN) LN ± internal mammary nodes for women with adverse factors present. Results RT fields of 233 women undergoing breast-conserving surgery with +SLN but not axillary nodal dissection were retrospectively reviewed: 25% had pN1mi disease and 75% pN1a. Of 127 women treated before CP changes, 35% with pN1mi and 22% with pN1a were treated with whole-breast irradiation alone. Following CP changes, 106 women were treated: 5% with whole-breast irradiation alone, 58% with MT, and 38% with MT + SCN field. Utilization of MT was associated with CP changes. Utilization of a third SCN field was associated with CP changes, pN stage, extracapsular extension, and total number of adverse factors. Conclusions CPs translate published data and institutional experience into management plans that promote evidence-based care and eliminate unnecessary practice variations. Recognizing that postoperative RT treatment volumes were heterogeneous, we modified the CP based upon the latest evidence for regional nodal irradiation, after which we found increased compliance and consistency with quality guidelines, which will also aid in tracking outcomes in future investigations.
Synoptic Analysis of Cold Air Outbreaks over the California Central Valley

AbstractHow does extreme cold air reach the California Central Valley (CCV) and most of the U.S. west coast? This question is answered using composite patterns for the 10 coldest cold air outbreaks (CAOs) to reach the CCV during 1979–2013. While unusually cold air over California occurs in all events by design, how it arrives there is complicated and varies. The only other feature present in all events for several days prior to CAO onset is unusually strong surface high pressure in and south of the Gulf of Alaska. This high has low-level cold air on its west side and a deep layer of cold air moving southward on its east side. Cold air aloft flows parallel to the North American west coast and sinks as it approaches the CCV. Farther west, warm advection builds a ridge aloft. The large-scale meteorological pattern (LSMP) is equivalent barotropic. The LSMP’s ridge over Alaska, trough near California, and ridge over the southeastern United States appear in all cases by onset and resemble the Pacific–North Amer...
Behavioral effects of early life maternal trauma witness in rats.

Abstract Background Earlier, we have reported that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behaviors developed in rats that witnessed their cage mates undergo repeated traumatic stress. More recently, we published that early life physical traumatic stress leads to later life depression-like behaviors in rats. Whether early life trauma witness causes later life PTSD-like behaviors is not known. Also unclear are sex-specific stress-induced behavioral variations in later life. The early life witness component of stress is an important aspect of stress-induced psychopathologies and must be investigated. Objective Here, we have examined the impact of early life repeated witnessing of traumatic events by pups from post-natal day (PND) 21-PND27, on later life behaviors at PND60, and the behavioral impact of postpartum traumatic stress in female rats. Methods We used a modified version of rodent social defeat model to induce postpartum stress in female rats and trauma witness stress in pups. One female Sprague-Dawley rat (intruder) was introduced into the cage of an aggressive Long–Evans male rat (resident). The encounter between the two resulted in attacks between the female rat and the Long-Evans male rat. Three exposures of social defeat (attacks) were given for 7 consecutive days. The social defeat traumatic events were witnessed by 6 pups (offspring of the intruder female rat, PND21-27), placed in six separate enclosures surrounding the cage. The objective of this experiment was three-fold: 1) to test later life behavioral effects in pups from witnessing maternal defeat, 2) to examine gender susceptibility of pups in maternal defeat witness-induced behaviors, 3) to test behavioral effect in female rats 24 h after receiving the last social defeat exposure. Results We observed that while anxiety-like behavior assessed in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests, was not affected in male or female rats upon witnessing repeated maternal traumatic stress, depression-like behavior in forced-swim test was observed at PND60 in both male and female rats, with greater effect in male rats. No change was observed in learning and memory functions using radial arm water maze test in both male and female rats. Interestingly, socially defeated female rats (dams: mother of the pups) developed both anxiety and depression-like behavior with no change in learning-memory function when compared to control female rats. Conclusions Our findings suggest that early life maternal stress witness history leads to depression-like behavior in both male and female adult rats, and dams developed both anxiety and depression-like behaviors.
Clear cell tubopapillary renal cell carcinoma mimicking polycystic kidney disease: A case report.

Abstract Clear cell tubopapillary renal cell carcinoma (CCTP-RCC) is a distinct histologic subtype of RCC recognized for its unique clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features. A 72-year-old man with presumed polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and bilateral clear cell RCC (CC-RCC) underwent left radical nephrectomy and right partial nephrectomy 20 years ago at an outside hospital. On surveillance imaging, RCC recurrence was suspected and right radical nephrectomy was performed. Histologic and gross examination of the right remaining kidney was consistent with CCTP-RCC. Review of his original pathology report revealed both kidneys in fact represented CCTP-RCC, mimicking PKD.
Energy transfer networks: Quasicontinuum photoluminescence linked to high densities of defects

In a series of studies related to laser-induced damage of optical materials and deposition of plastics, we discovered a broadly emitting photoluminescence with fast lifetimes that we termed quasicontinuum photoluminescence (QC-PL). Here, we suggest that a high density of optically active defects leads to QC-PL, where interactions between defects affect the temporal and spectral characteristics of both excitation and emission. We develop a model that predicts the temporal characteristics of QC-PL, based on energy transfer interactions between high densities of defects. Our model does not explain all spectral broadening and redshifts found in QC-PL, since we do not model spectral changes in defects due to proximity to other defects. However, we do provide an example of a well-defined system that exhibits the QC-PL characteristics of a distribution in shortened lifetimes and broadened, redshifted energy levels: an organic chromophore (fluorescein) that has been dried rapidly on a fused silica surface. Recently, we showed that regions of fused silica exposed to up to 1 billion high-fluence laser shots at 351 rm nm at subdamage fluences exhibit significant transmission losses at the surface. Here, we find that these laser-exposed regions also exhibit QC-PL. Increases in the density of induced defects on these laser-exposed surfaces, as measured by the local transmission loss, lead to decreases in the observed lifetime and redshifts in the spectrum of the QC-PL, consistent with our explanation for QC-PL. We have found QC-PL in an increasing variety of situations and materials, and we believe it is a phenomenon commonly found on surfaces and nanostructured materials.
TPACK to GPACK? The examination of the technological pedagogical content knowledge framework as a model for global integration into college of agriculture classrooms

Abstract Faculty in U.S. colleges of agriculture are encouraged to internationalize their classroom curricula, but further research is needed to determine how to best prepare faculty. This study explores the transferability of the technological pedagogical content knowledge model (TPACK), originally used for technology integration, to our proposed model, the global pedagogical content knowledge model (GPACK), for the effective integration of global concepts into content-specific courses. Interviews from eight program participants of a yearlong faculty development program imply combined faculty training in global issues, pedagogy, and content, rather than in an exclusive knowledge area, may more adequately prepare faculty for classroom internationalization.
Disorders of potassium homeostasis: Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia

This article reviews the diagnosis and management of clinical disorders of potassium balance, with particular attention to the critically ill patient. The normal regulation of potassium balance is reviewed as a background for understanding these disorders, followed by a discussion of the causes and management of hypo- and hyperkalemia. Practical guidelines are presented for acute and chronic management.
Distributed Sequential Detection

This chapter considers distributed sequential detection problems. In sequential detection, observations are assumed to arrive sequentially at the detectors. As observations continue to arrive, detectors include them in their decision making. Unlike fixed-sample-size detection problems where decisions are made after receiving the entire set of observations, sequential detectors may choose to stop at any time and make a final decision or continue to take additional observations. In this chapter, we will consider a Bayesian formulation of two distributed sequential detection problems for parallel fusion network topologies. In Section 6.2, we consider a parallel fusion network without a fusion center. For simplicity, we restrict our attention to a two-detector network. Sequential tests are implemented at individual detectors. The system is optimized based on a coupled cost assignment. These decisions can still be combined using a fixed fusion rule. In Section 6.3, we consider a parallel fusion network consisting of N peripheral detectors and a fusion center. The local detectors send a sequence of summary messages to the fusion center where a sequential test is implemented. The fusion center makes the decision whether to continue taking additional observations or to stop and make a final decision on the hypothesis present. In general, distributed sequential detection problems are quite complex as is evident from the discussion included in this chapter.
Colonic wall thickening on computed tomography scan and clinical correlation. Does it suggest the presence of an underlying neoplasia

The widespread use of computed tomography (CT) scanning technology frequently leads to the incidental discovery of thickened bowel wall. The clinical significance of such a CT scan finding is largely under-investigated. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of significant clinical pathology and, particularly, neoplasia in patients with abnormally thickened bowel on CT scan examination. This is a single institution retrospective analysis of patients that underwent CT scanning of their abdomen. The radiological picture was correlated with colonoscopic findings. A total of 40 consecutive patients with thickened bowel on CT scan that also underwent colonoscopy were identified and their records were reviewed. Thirty-five patients had no history of previous gastrointestinal disorder and form our study group. The median age of the patients was 69 years (range, 24-97 years). There were 26 female and 9 male patients. The incidental CT finding of bowel wall thickening was the only reason for the colonoscopy in 14 (35%) out of the 40 patients. Eight (23%) patients with thick bowel had colonic neoplasia based on pathology. Five (14%) patients had invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon. Four (11%) of the 5 patients with colon adenocarcinoma did not have any associated gastrointestinal symptoms or signs. One (3%) patient had lymphoma of the colon and two (6%) had benign polyps. Colonoscopy was unremarkable in 10 (28%) patients. The incidental finding of colonic thickening on CT imaging could be associated with underlying colonic malignancy and, more importantly, represent the initial disease presentation. Therefore, we propose that these patients should undergo colonoscopy.
Pear deck: an interactive classroom response system to encourage student engagement

Demand for Computer Science courses is increasing, but the traditional lecture format is not the best for student retention of information. In this tutorial we discuss the use of Classroom Response Systems (CRS) in the context of the Peer Instruction (PI) method. A CRS coupled with PI can be utilized to create interactive learning sessions where students discuss and answer questions using technology that provides instant feedback to instructors. This method allows students to better learn and retain information and creates an enjoyable experience for both professors and students [1, 2]. The goal of this tutorial is to introduce instructors to an online CRS called Pear Deck. We invite educators to participate in a live demonstration that will illustrate the features of Pear Deck. We hope to encourage educators to utilize Pear Deck in their respective classrooms.
Bond Graph Modeling

When I read a technical paper written by an author from whom I have not read anything before, I usually find that I have the biggest problems not with mastering the intellectual challenges that the paper presents, but with understanding the author’s terminology and relating it back to concepts with which I am familiar In this context, modeling is a notoriously difficult subject since it is so utterly interdisciplinary. It is therefore one of the major goals of this text to introduce a variety of different modeling concepts (terminologies) and relate them to each other. In this chapter, we shall discuss several graphical modeling techniques among which, in more detail, the bond graph modeling technique has found widespread acceptance and use among a number of modelers from several application areas, particularly mechanical engineers. We shall see that bond graphs are very easy to relate back to previously introduced concepts, and yet they are somewhat difficult to read on first glance.
Bactericidal Efficacy of a Two-Dimensional Array of Integrated, Coaxial, Microhollow, Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg.

We studied the efficacy of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP), generated by a two-dimensional array of integrated, coaxial, microhollow, dielectric barrier discharge plasma, against Salmonella ...