cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of collagen-proteoglycan interactions in vitro

The objective of this study was to characterize the physical interactions of the molecular networks formed by mixtures of collagen and proteoglycan in vitro. Pure proteoglycan aggrecan solutions, collagen (type II) suspensions and mixtures of these molecules in varying proportions and concentrations were subjected to viscometric flow measurements using a cone-on-plate viscometer. Linear viscoelastic and non-Newtonian flow properties of these solutions and suspensions were described using a second-order statistical network theory for polymeric fluids (Zhu et al., 1991, J. Biomechanics 24, 1007-1018). This theory provides a set of material coefficients which relate the macroscopic flow behavior of the fluid to an idealized molecular network structure. The results indicated distinct differences between the flow properties of pure collagen suspensions and those of pure proteoglycan solutions. The collagen network showed much greater shear stiffness and more effective energy storage capability than the proteoglycan network. The relative proportion of collagen to proteoglycan is the dominant factor in determining the flow behavior of the mixtures. Analysis of the statistical network theory indicated that the collagen in a collagen-proteoglycan mixture enhances molecular interactions by increasing the amount of entanglement interactions and/or the strength of interaction, while aggrecan acts to reduce the number and/or strength of molecular interactions. These results characterize the physical interactions between type II collagen and aggrecan and provide some insight into their potential roles in giving articular cartilage its mechanical behavior.
The epidemiology of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: An update

The most common fatty acid oxidation disorder, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), has become the focal point for the adoption of tandem mass spectrometry to detect it and related inborn errors of metabolism. This article updates a human genome epidemiology review of MCADD published in 1999. The focus of this update is on epidemiologic parameters rather than mutations associated with MCADD. Currently available information from screening studies on the frequency of detection of MCADD in newborns, as well as the frequency of homozygotes for the common mutation in the ACADM gene, is summarized. In the United States, the average incidence of the disorder is from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 20,000 births, with individual states reporting frequencies from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 30,000 births. In addition, a systematic review was undertaken of the published literature on the frequency of mortality and developmental disabilities among children with MCADD, both in screened and unscreened cohorts. It seems that in the absence of newborn screening for MCADD, premature death or serious disability occurs in 20% to 25% of children with the disorder. Systematic collection and analysis of follow-up data are still needed to ascertain the frequencies of outcomes in screened cohorts.
A Comparison of the Effect of Central Anatomical Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Pivot-Shift Kinematics

Background: Biomechanical differences between anatomical double-bundle and central single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the same graft tissue have not been defined.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare these reconstructions in their ability to restore native knee kinematics during a reproducible Lachman and pivot-shift examination.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Using a computer-assisted navigation system, 10 paired knees were subjected to biomechanical testing with a standardized Lachman and mechanized pivot-shift examination. The navigation system recorded the 3D motion path of a tracked point at the center of the tibia, center of the medial tibial plateau, and center of the lateral tibial plateau with each maneuver. The testing protocol consisted of evaluation in the intact state, after complete anterior cruciate ligament transection, after medial and lateral meniscectomy, and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with (1) a single-bundl...
Electoral Rules and Incentives to Protect Human Rights

In order to function as an effective constraint on human rights violations, democratic competition must put politicians in a situation where it is electorally beneficial for them to monitor abuses and to expose public officials who fail to protect human rights. In the absence of proper electoral incentives, both incumbent politicians and opposition leaders may strategically choose to ignore poor human rights practices. Building on this logic, we assess the proposition that, among democracies, certain electoral rules are associated with better protection of physical integrity rights. We find that, other things equal, there is higher average respect for physical integrity rights in countries where all members of parliament are elected through low magnitude proportional representation districts, and where voters can cast a vote for individual candidates. Our theoretical approach focusing on incentives for politicians to protect human rights offers a unifying framework for studying institutional and noninstit...
Developing culturally responsive mathematics teachers: secondary teachers’ evolving conceptions of knowing students

Research advances in teaching, learning, curriculum, and assessment have not changed the continued underperformance of marginalized students in mathematics education. Culturally responsive teaching is a means of addressing the needs of these students. It is sometimes challenging, however, to convince secondary mathematics teachers about the importance of culture in mathematics education. To contribute to what is known about supporting secondary mathematics teachers in developing a culturally responsive teaching practice, we studied the impacts of a graduate course called Culture in the Mathematics Classroom on 13 teachers enrolled in the course. The course was designed to guide secondary mathematics teachers in understanding and growing their capacity to enact culturally responsive teaching in their classrooms. The purpose of our research was to explore how teachers’ perceptions changed as a result of their engagement in the class with respect to understanding the role of culture in knowing and being responsive to their students. Specifically, we examined how each of the four course projects seemed to individually and collectively influence teachers’ thinking. Overall, teachers appeared to expand their cultural awareness and dispositions for cultural responsiveness that would support them in knowing and supporting their students in the manner of a culturally responsive teacher. Teachers did not, however, develop some more “advanced” understandings related to power and privilege in society. This study provides researchers and mathematics teacher educators with a potential analytic framework for understanding teacher change with respect to culturally responsive teaching.
Global Alternatives in Legal Education for a Global Legal Profession

This paper presents the view that U.S. legal education has not changed very much from its early nineteenth century roots with the result that most law schools are ill prepared to teach students about the present world, let alone the future of legal practice as it will be for the next generation. The technological revolution that has been driving globalization for at least fifteen years forces educators to develop comparative and international perspectives, not just internally for particular substantive areas of law, but externally for the direction of whole institutions. It is the content, the delivery and the protection of information that law now has to protect, as it once protected rank, property, and then the individual and eventually abstractions such as emotional peace of mind, privacy and dignity. Intellectual property may be the newest area of law to study but it is part of a profound shift in the way lawyers practice today for it is the leading edge of a new kind of law and lawyering, which is best thought of as "transnational" that is, not local or domestic, and not public or international, but private problem solving across borders of multi-faceted disputes concerning businesses, trade, domestic relations, realty, and assets such as pensions and insurance policies of people working, marrying and living in one or more countries all their lives while retaining their birth citizenship. Technology is making possible transnational living too. Many people lead virtual lives in various different countries. This change is finally being felt in the U.S. On the one hand, U.S. legal education is universally respected and U.S. law is the key component of international business. But on the other hand, U.S. law schools have been slow to internationalize and creatively respond to the new transnational, globalized world of law. This paper outlines some ways for law schools to grapple with this.
Motor Protein Accumulation on Antiparallel Microtubule Overlaps

Biopolymers serve as one-dimensional tracks on which motor proteins move to perform their biological roles. Motor protein phenomena have inspired theoretical models of one-dimensional transport, crowding, and jamming. Experiments studying the motion of Xklp1 motors on reconstituted antiparallel microtubule overlaps demonstrated that motors recruited to the overlap walk toward the plus end of individual microtubules and frequently switch between filaments. We study a model of this system that couples the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process for motor motion with switches between antiparallel filaments and binding kinetics. We determine steady-state motor density profiles for fixed-length overlaps using exact and approximate solutions of the continuum differential equations and compare to kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Overlap motor density profiles and motor trajectories resemble experimental measurements. The phase diagram of the model is similar to the single-filament case for low switching rate, while for high switching rate we find a new (to our knowledge) low density-high density-low density-high density phase. The overlap center region, far from the overlap ends, has a constant motor density as one would naively expect. However, rather than following a simple binding equilibrium, the center motor density depends on total overlap length, motor speed, and motor switching rate. The size of the crowded boundary layer near the overlap ends is also dependent on the overlap length and switching rate in addition to the motor speed and bulk concentration. The antiparallel microtubule overlap geometry may offer a previously unrecognized mechanism for biological regulation of protein concentration and consequent activity.
The character in the letter: Epistolary attribution in Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa

Deliberate differences in how authors represent characters has been a core area of literary investigation since the dawn of literary theory. Here, we focus on epistolary literature, where authors consciously attempt to create different character styles through series of documents like letters. Previous studies suggest that the linguistic gestalt of an author’s style—the author’s ‘writeprint’—can be extracted from the various characters of an epistolary novel, but it is unclear whether individual characters themselves also have distinct writeprints. We examine Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa , lauded as a watershed example of the epistolary novel, using a recently developed and highly successful authorship attribution technique to determine (1) whether Richardson can construct distinct character writeprints, and (2) if so, which linguistic features he manipulated to do so. We find that while there are not as many distinct character writeprints as characters, Richardson does appear to have signature features he alters to create distinct character styles—and few of these features are the function word or abstract syntactic features typically comprising author writeprints. We discuss implications for other questions about character identity in Clarissa and character writeprint analysis more generally.
Modulation of c-fos gene transcription by negative and positive cellular factors.

Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes is mediated by the specific interaction between cellular factors and promoter sequences1. Cis-acting DNA sequences, frequently located upstream of the TATA box, have been implicated in modulating the expression of many genes2. We are interested in the transcriptional regulation of proto-oncogenes because they may have a pivotal function in cell growth and differentiation3,4. Expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos is induced in response to a variety of growth factors and differentiation-specific agents4. The viral cognate of the c-fos gene is the resident transforming gene of FBJ-murine osteosarcoma virus which causes bone tumours in vivo and cellular transformation in vitro5,6. We report here that transcription of the human c-fos gene is modulated by negatively and positively acting cellular factors.
Advanced Static Soaring Flight Controls for Input Constrained Aircraft

Control surface actuator nonlinearities are recognized as a source of significant problems in flight control system design and verification. Recently developed adaptive control design methodologies with anti-windup augmentation schemes display the potential to recover the linear performance of systems subject to input magnitude constraints with minimal deviation from the corresponding unconstrained system performance despite the presence of unknown parameters. These methodologies are promising for use in static soaring flight control applications where the external thermal effects form the driving force for the aircraft subject to actuator nonlinearities. We investigate extended adaptive control schemes for systems subject to a variety of input constraints based on the longitudinal dynamics of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in advanced static soaring flight. We present simulation results comparing constrained flight scenarios to flight maneuvers with no actuator nonlinearities, and evaluate the performance of these adaptive control schemes.
Rhesus and Other Fetomaternal Incompatibilities

This chapter begins by giving a brief historical background on Rh alloimmunization. Then, it provides a review on important aspects of a topic, which has significant implications for pregnancies affected by rhesus and other fetomaternal incompatibilities. The etiology of alloimmunization is discussed followed by a review of other key topics such as a review of the Rh blood group system including nomenclature and the molecular basis of Rh antigens. In addition, prenatal Rh genotyping is discussed along with a discussion of the molecular techniques used to facilitate prenatal diagnosis of Rh alloimmunization. For those pregnancies affected by Rh alloimmunization or other fetomaternal incompatibilities, the current state of management and treatment is also covered.
ENTIRE RANGE ANALYSIS OF EXTERNALLY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS BASED ON COMPOSITE ELEMENTS

Evaluation is made to the research actuality and numerical simulation method of externally prestressed concrete structure. Composite element can comprehensively consider crack and plasticity of concrete. A kind of externally prestressed element is proposed,in which friction and considering slippage of external steel at deviators is ignored, leading to a more accurate simulation of deflection and stress. With those two kinds of elements, entire range of 3 test beams from third-point load to failure are analysized. Load(Q)-deflection(f) curves and deflection(f)-stress increment of externally prestressed steel(σ) curves are discussed, while physical meaning of turning point on the curves is identified, and new suggestion is given to the problem that how to make sure ultimate stress increment of externally prestressed steel. Through contrastive analysis of calculated value and test data, it is proven feasible and correct to use composite element and externally prestressed element together to analyze externally prestressed concrete structure, while providing support and experience to the numerical simulation in bridge structure.
Epidemic Situation of Infectious Diseases in a Military Unit during 2001-2010

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in a military unit from 2001-2010,and to provide the basis for control and prevention of infectious diseases.[Methods]The data were acquired from a disease control and prevention center of a military command,including the infectious diseases report cards and investigation reports of the infectious diseases.Statistic analysis was conducted by using FoxPro,SPSS and Excel software.[Results] From 2001-2010,the incidence rate of infectious diseases in the military unit showed a declined tendency,and the incidence of enteric infectious diseases,mainly bacillary dysentery,hepatitis A,other infectious diarrhea and typhoid,decreased annually,but that of the respiratory infectious diseases,mainly tuberculosis,chicken pox,mumps and measles,showed an ascending trend.Viral hepatitis,bacillary dysentery and tuberculosis accounted for 74.87% of the 10-year total incidence of infectious diseases,thus they were still the focus of infectious diseases prevention.The epidemic outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases accounted for 76.67 % of the 10-year total outbreaks of infectious diseases,with annual increasing tendency.[Conclusion]The prevention of infectious diseases in a military unit has achieved positive results.Yet the prevention of viral hepatitis,tuberculosis,bacillary dysentery,chicken pox,mumps and measles should be reinforced in particular.Comprehensive measures should be taken to control and prevent epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases,especially respiratory infectious diseases,and to avoid new emerging infectious diseases.
Perspectives of Mexican-origin smokers on healthy eating and physical activity

Key modifiable risk behaviors such as smoking, poor diet and physical inactivity often cluster and may have multiplicative adverse effects on health. This study investigated barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity (PA) in overweight Mexican-origin smokers to inform the adaptation of an evidence-based smoking cessation program into a multiple health behavior change intervention. Five focus groups were conducted with overweight Mexican-origin men (n = 9) and women (n = 21) who smoked. Barriers and facilitators of healthy eating and PA were identified, and gender differences were assessed. Participants expressed some motivation to eat healthfully and identified strategies for doing so, yet many women experienced difficulties related to personal, family and work-related circumstances. Barriers to healthy eating among men were related to food preferences and lack of familiarity with fruits and vegetables. Participants performed PA primarily within the context of work and domestic responsibilities. Stress/depressed mood, lack of motivation and concern for physical well-being limited further PA engagement. Routines involving eating, PA and smoking highlight how these behaviors may be intertwined. Findings emphasize the importance of social, structural and cultural contexts and call for additional investigation into how to integrate healthy eating and PA into smoking cessation interventions for overweight Mexican-origin smokers.
Video recordings and video polysomnography.

Publisher Summary Video polysomnography (VPSG) combines simultaneous polysomnography (PSG) and video- electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate patients with nocturnal events. This technique has several advantages over routine PSG, including the ability to analyze behavior, correlate behavior with neurophysiologic parameters, and detect epileptiform activity. The VPSG is used in patients with nocturnal behavior in case theseizures are suspected when the clinical history and routine electroencephalographic (EEG) are inconclusive. Other indications for VPSG include the evaluation of sleep-related events that are violent or potentially injurious, parasomnias with unusual or atypical features, and presumed parasomnias or seizure disorders that fail to respond to the conventional therapy. The differential diagnosis of abnormal sleep-related behavior includes epileptic seizures, nonrapid eye movement (NREM) arousal disorders, REM sleep behavior disorder, rhythmic movement disorder, as well as psychiatric disorders such as panic and dissociative disorder. When VPSG fails to clarify the diagnosis, long-term video EEG monitoring should be considered.
Single System Ectopic Ureteroceles with Anomalies of the Heart, Testis and Vas Deferens

AbstractWe report a series of 7 children with single system ectopic ureteroceles. Our study included 6 boys, unlike the more common duplicated system ectopic ureterocele, that occurs 4 to 6 times more often in female patients. The presenting symptoms or signs were related to infection or obstruction in only 2 of our 7 patients. An ipsilateral non-functioning hypoplastic dysplastic kidney was present in 5 children (71 per cent). Of the 7 children 4 had major congenital cardiac anomalies. Three boys had abdominal testes, including 2 with bilateral non-union of the vas deferens, 1 of whom represents the first reported case of bilateral atresia of the vas deferens with abdominal testes.
Digging up the past to contest the present: politics and archeology in Jerusalem's Old City

Introduction Metaphorically the holy sites in Jerusalem's old city are ground zero of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The mutually exclusive claims Jews and Muslims make concerning sovereignty, rights, and identity played out in excruciating detail around contested above and below ground sacred space parallel the emotionally intense differences about political existence found in the larger conflict of which Jerusalem is just one part. While contestation in Jerusalem takes many forms and has many different foci, these always come back to questions of power, control, vulnerability, and purity. The mutually exclusive claims each side regularly makes set off a spiral reaction from the other that leave little room for the development of inclusive symbols and rituals that could define a community that offers mutual recognition and shared spaces, and where one group's existence is not necessarily a threat to another. The competing narratives and psychocultural dramas over the Old City of Jerusalem's holy sites occur because, “Sacred centers are not just reflections or traces of political power: they are often instruments and sources of political power” and intimately tied to the larger conflict (Friedland and Hecht 1998: 147). For the past 100 years or so, the most intense Muslim–Jewish conflict in Jerusalem has been over the area on, under, and next to what Jews call the Temple Mount (Har Habayit) and Muslims the Noble Sanctuary (Haram al-Sharif) (Figure 6.1).
Psychotherapien versus Psychotherapie

Wie oben erwahnt, hat die „Annahme der einzig wahren Erleuchtung“ grose Teile unserer Reflexionen uber die Durchfuhrung und Konzipierung von Psychotherapie beherrscht. Angeregt durch die Eindimensionalitat oder ‚Unimethodologie’ vieler klinischer Ausbildungszentren und unterstutzt durch das Bedurfnis des Praktikers nach einem konsistenten theoretischen Rahmen, an dem er seine Verfahrensweisen ‚aufhangen’ kann, ist ein einziger therapeutischer Ansatz das, was die meisten Praktiker im Grunde kennen und ausuben, auf das sie sich festgelegt haben und das sie offen verfechten. Obwohl eine solche einseitige Orientierung fur jene Klienten, bei denen sich eine jeweilige Behandlungsmethode als geeignet erwiesen hat, therapeutisch gesehen von Vorteil sein kann, regen sich Bedenken, wenn sie bei anderen angewendet wird, auf die sie entweder keine oder negative Auswirkungen hat. Ein gekonnter Eklektizismus ist sowohl schwierig zu entwickeln als auch durchzufuhren. Wir sprechen hier von einem Eklektizismus therapeutischer Techniken, Verfahren und Mittel und nicht von bloser eklektischer Theorienbildung und begrifflicher Systematisierung. Ein „technischer Eklektizismus“ (z. B. Lazarus, 1967) schliest die formelle Anerkennung eines einzigen Systems auf der Ebene von Postulaten und Theorien nicht aus. Das Versaumnis, diese Tatsache anzuerkennen, hat viel dazu beigetragen, dem Mythos von der „einzig wahren Erleuchtung“ Auftrieb zu geben und ihn zu verbreiten, und das hat zu extremen Positionen, Polemiken und Protesten gefuhrt, mit denen man „Andersglaubige“ zu nichts als seinen Feinden macht. Spezifische therapeutische Techniken, die dazu dienen, psychotherapeutische Systeme voneinander zu unterscheiden, sind nicht unvermeidliche oder einzig mogliche Schlusfolgerungen aus diesen theoretischen Systemen, gleichgultig, aus welcher Schule sie stammen, „. . . denn die gleiche Theorie kann mehrere verschiedene Techniken nahelegen, und eine einzige Technik (kann) aus vielen Theorien abgeleitet werden“ (London, 1964, S. 32).
Experimental investigation on the effect of surface electric field in the growth of tungsten nano-tendril morphology due to low energy helium irradiation

Abstract The mechanisms responsible for and controlling the growth of tungsten nano-tendrils (or “fuzz”) under low-energy helium plasma exposure remain unclear. For the first time in nano-tendril experiments, the plasma sheath-produced electric field and the helium (He) ion energy have been decoupled, showing that the sheath electric field has little impact on nano-tendril growth, eliminating a possible cause for tendril growth. The well-established necessary growth conditions for W fuzz were maintained with He ion flux density Γ He > 10 21 He m −2 s −1 , surface temperature T s = 1273 K, He ion energy E He = 64 eV, and He ion fluence Φ He > 10 24 He m −2 . A grid is situated between the tungsten sample and plasma, with the grid and sample potentials independently controlled in order to control the electric field at the surface of the sample while maintaining the same incident He ion energy to the surface. A calculation of the potential profile in the drift space between the grid and sample was used to account for space charge and calculate the electric field at the surface of the sample. Tungsten fuzz formed at all electric fields tested, even near zero electric field. Also, the depth of the resulting W fuzz layer was unaltered by the electric field when compared to the calculated depth determined from an empirical growth model. The conclusion is that the sheath electric field is not necessary to cause the changes in surface morphology.
Palynological Evidence for a Late Prehistoric Vegetation Change in the Southern Black Hills from Cape's Cave (39FA205)

Abri du South Dakota. L'analyse palynologique met en evidence l'apparition de forets de pins a l'epoque prehistorique finale. Ce changement de vegetation serait une reponse a la petite glaciation de l'episode climatique neo-boreal
Epstein-Barr virus super-enhancer eRNAs are essential for MYC oncogene expression and lymphoblast proliferation

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) super-enhancers (ESEs) are essential for lymphoblastoid cell (LCL) growth and survival. Reanalyses of LCL global run-on sequencing (Gro-seq) data found abundant enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) being transcribed at ESEs. Inactivation of ESE components, EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), significantly decreased eRNAs at ESEs −428 and −525 kb upstream of the MYC oncogene transcription start site (TSS). shRNA knockdown of the MYC −428 and −525 ESE eRNA caused LCL growth arrest and reduced cell growth. Furthermore, MYC ESE eRNA knockdown also significantly reduced MYC expression, ESE H3K27ac signals, and MYC ESEs looping to MYC TSS. These data indicate that ESE eRNAs strongly affect cell gene expression and enable LCL growth.
GRETEL: Lightweight Fault Localization for OpenStack

Like any other distributed system, cloud management stacks such as OpenStack, are susceptible to faults whose root cause is often hard to diagnose and may take hours or days to fix. We present GRETEL, a system that leverages non-intrusive system monitoring, to expedite root cause analysis of both operational and performance faults manifesting in OpenStack operations. GRETEL uses unique operational fingerprints to quickly identify faulty operations at runtime. GRETEL is accurate in its diagnosis, and achieves >98% precision in identifying the faulty operation with very few false positives and negatives even under conditions of stress. GRETEL is lightweight and orders of magnitude faster than prior work, sustaining a throughput of ~77 Mbps.
P024 : POTENTIAL FOR A FALSE POSITIVE B CELL FLOW CYTOMETRY CROSSMATCH WITH THE USE OF FLUORESCEIN ISOTHYOCYANATE-GOAT-ANTI-HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODY

Background In flow cytometry crossmatches (FCXM), sera from AB blood group male donors with none or minimal anti-HLA IgG antibodies are used as the negative control serum (NCS). As NCS can give higher median channel fluorescence (MCF) on certain donor cells, it is advised to use cells treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as an additional negative control for comparison. Aim We examined whether using PBS or NCS as the negative control and subsequent staining with FITC-goat-anti-human IgG polyclonal antibody (g α IgG pAb; Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratory; Cat# 109-096-098) or FITC-mouse-anti-human IgG monoclonal antibody (m α IgG mAb; BD biosciences; Cat# 555786; Clone: G18-145) impacts FCXM results. Methodology Peripheral blood ( N = 5) and serum ( N = 5) were collected from human subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by Ficoll density gradient separation. In 96 well V-bottom plate, 300,000 PBMC were incubated with 30 μl of serum for 20 min at 22 °C, washed and stained with 10 μl each of anti-CD3 PerCP and of anti-CD19 PE, and with either 10 μl (1:100 diluted) of FITC-gαIgG pAb or 60 μl of FITC-mαIgG mAb for 30 min at 4 °C. The cells were washed and flow cytometry was performed using BD FACS Canto II instrument and the data was analyzed using the DiVa software. A channel shift of >40 from the NCS for T cell and a shift of >50 for B cells is considered positive here. Results PBMCs treated with PBS gave positive B cell channel shift when stained with g α IgG pAb, but not when stained with m α IgG mAb ( Fig. 1 ). Unlike m α IgG mAb, the g α IgG pAb seems to bind non-specifically to B cells in the absence of human serum. Conclusion This observation cautions that in a clinical FCXM testing, the non use of NCS can lead to a false positive FCXM result. It is also anticipated that a technical error of not adding patient’s serum to the donor cells can lead to positive B cell crossmatch reporting. Using m α IgG mAb or any other α IgG antibody that does not give non-specific binding to donor cells is recommended for FCXM testing.
Experimental overview of correlations in small collision systems A brief history

The azimuthal anisotropies of particle yields observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions have been traditionally considered as a strong evidence of the formation of a deconfined quark-gluon plasma in these collisions. However multiple recent measurements in pp and p /D/He+A collisions show similar features as those observed in heavy ion collisions, indicating the possibility of the production of such a deconfined medium in smaller collision systems. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of such measurements in small systems. It includes measurements of identified and inclusive two-particle correlations in ΔΦ and Δη , with different procedures used to subtract the dijet contributions, as well as measurements of multi-particle cumulants cn {2 - 8}. The traditional cumulant measurements confirm presence of collective phenomena in p +A collisions, but are biased by non-flow correlations and are not able to provide evidence for collectivity in pp collisions. To address this, a new subevent cumulant method that further suppresses the contribution non-flow effects was developed, whose measurements are also discussed.
Causal inference with latent variables from the Rasch model as outcomes

Abstract This article discusses and compares several methods for estimating the parameters of a latent regression model when one of the explanatory variables is an endogenous binary (treatment) variable. Traditional methods based on two-stage least squares and the Tobit selection model where the dependent variable is an estimate of the latent variable from the Rasch model are compared to the behavioral Rasch selection model. The properties of these methods are examined using simulated data and empirical examples are included to demonstrate the usefulness of the behavioral Rasch selection model for research in the social sciences. The simulations suggest the latent regression model parameters are more accurately and precisely estimated by the behavioral Rasch selection model than by two-stage least squares or the Tobit selection model. The empirical examples demonstrate the importance of addressing endogenous explanatory variables in latent regressions for Item Response Theory (IRT) models when estimating causal differences in the latent variable or examining differential item functioning.
A28 Session 8: Gastrointestinal Cryotherapeutic Indications

Pancreatic cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death in Western countries, with a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. About 40% of patients have no metastases on diagnosis, but in half of them tumor resection is not feasible because of vascular invasion, poor general health, or lack of surgical skills. The standard treatment for these patients is chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, giving a median survival of 8 to 12 months. New therapeutic options for unresectable pancreatic cancer include radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryotherapy. These have been successful in solid cancers, although few studies have examined RFA in pancreatic cancer because of the risk of thermal injury to important structures such as the bile duct, the duodenum, and the vessels close to the pancreas. EUS is currently the best procedure for real-time imaging of the pancreas and permits targeting pancreatic lesions with ease. An EUS-guided treatment could overcome several problems related to laparoscopic or transcutaneous approaches. Limited data exist on EUS-guided application of RFA and Cryotherapy in both animal models and humans with pancreatic cancer. The impact of EUS-guided ablation on tumor growth needs further research. Existing data seem showed a tendency toward tumor reduction. Some improvements to existing devices and randomized, controlled trials are needed. Nevertheless, this minimally invasive treatment bears the potential to be proposed to patients who are not candidates for surgery (in association with chemotherapy and radiation) in order to limit local growth of the tumor. EUS is the least invasive way to guide the probe inside the tumor and the best way to reduce the risk of damage to anatomical structures such as the duodenum, common bile duct, and vessels.
Management of Transplantation Renal Bone Disease: Interplay of Bone Mineral Density and Decisions Regarding Bisphosphonate Use

Despite improvement in some chronic kidney disease (CKD) metabolic derangements of bone and mineral metabolism after kidney transplantation, bone disease remains a significant problem. Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of bone mineral density (BMD) loss, fractures, and osteonecrosis, all of which are associated with substantial morbidity [1–11]. The pathogenesis of post-transplant bone disease is multifactorial [12–32], including but not limited to interactions of the complex abnormalities in pre-transplant mineral homeostasis [12] and renal osteodystrophy [24, 25], the degree of persistently impaired kidney function, peri-transplant alternations in calciotropic and phosphotropic regulatory hormonal pathways [26], and the potential deleterious skeletal effects of immunosuppressive therapy [27–32].
Audio-Visual Aids: TV in College Physical Education

Unfortunately, television has been used little as a medium for teaching physical education in institutions of higher learning. As of 1956, only 77 of some 1800 colleges and universities have utiliz...
Robot Controllers Compatible with Human Beam Balancing Behavior

Standing on a beam is a challenging motor skill that requires the regulation of upright balance and stability. In this paper, we analyzed the behavior of humans balancing on a narrow beam without footwear. The results revealed high anti-correlation between lumped upper- and lower-body angular momentum. Despite differences in gross measures of balance, interlimb coordination was consistent between the novice and expert subjects, suggesting that both performances could be described with the same balance controller. By simulating a double inverted pendulum model utilizing different balancing controllers described in the robotics literature, we identified that the whole behavior observed from humans standing on a beam was best replicated with controllers that predominantly utilized hip actuation.
Android Malware Detection Using Step-Size Based Multi-layered Vector Space Models

With computer software becoming more important and prolific in today’s world, malicious software (malware) continues to be one of its greatest security threats. Alongside this trend, smartphones and mobile devices have become the prominent method for accessing the Internet and its vast resources of information and business applications. With the amount and variety of Android based devices increasing daily, the need for better and more accurate malware detection approaches for the Android platform also increases. In this paper, we explore whether a data mining technique originally developed to detect malware on a Windows operating system can be utilized to detect malware in Android mobile devices. In addition, we propose a novel algorithm for detecting malware on Android that relies on step sizes and a simplified multi-layer vector space (MLVS) model. We compare the effectiveness of these two techniques, with the goal of determining optimal step sizes for our modified MLVS (MMLVS) approach to detect Android malware. Our results show that the two methods are able to correctly classify the samples as malware or uninfected with strong accuracy. In addition, we identify key elements that need to be address to permit further improvement within Android environments.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Mycotrienol and (+)-Mycotrienin I: Application of Asymmetric Crotylsilane Bond Constructions

A highly convergent asymmetric synthesis of the ansamycin antibiotics (+)-mycotrienin I (1c) and (+)-mycotrienol (1d) has been achieved through the synthesis and coupling of the C9−C16 subunit 3b a...
Multimodal Semantic SLAM with Probabilistic Data Association

The recent success of object detection systems motivates object-based representations for robot navigation; i.e. semantic simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The semantic SLAM problem can be decomposed into a discrete inference problem: determining object class labels and measurement-landmark correspondences (the data association problem), and a continuous inference problem: obtaining the set of robot poses and object locations in the environment. A solution to the semantic SLAM problem necessarily addresses this joint inference, but under ambiguous data associations this is in general a non-Gaussian inference problem, while the majority of previous work focuses on Gaussian inference. Previous solutions to data association either produce solutions between potential hypotheses or maintain multiple explicit hypotheses for each association. We propose a solution that represents hypotheses as multiple modes of an equivalent non-Gaussian sensor model. We then solve the resulting non-Gaussian inference problem using nonparametric belief propagation. We validate our approach in a simulated hallway environment under a variety of sensor noise characteristics, as well as using real data from the KITTI dataset, demonstrating improved robustness to perceptual aliasing and odometry uncertainty.
The Influence of Simulated Sunlight on the Inactivation of Influenza Virus in Aerosols

Background Environmental parameters, including sunlight levels, are known to affect the survival of many microorganisms in aerosols. However, the impact of sunlight on the survival of influenza virus in aerosols has not been previously quantified. Methods The present study examined the influence of simulated sunlight on the survival of influenza virus in aerosols at both 20% and 70% relative humidity using an environmentally controlled rotating drum aerosol chamber. Results Measured decay rates were dependent on the level of simulated sunlight, but they were not significantly different between the 2 relative humidity levels tested. In darkness, the average decay constant was 0.02 ± 0.06 min-1, equivalent to a half-life of 31.6 minutes. However, at full intensity simulated sunlight, the mean decay constant was 0.29 ± 0.09 min-1, equivalent to a half-life of approximately 2.4 minutes. Conclusions These results are consistent with epidemiological findings that sunlight levels are inversely correlated with influenza transmission, and they can be used to better understand the potential for the virus to spread under varied environmental conditions.
Strategically Connecting a University to a Community

To further live our mission, Marquette has launched many new initiatives over the past five years that strategically connect our university to our community. In this paper, we will highlight three of these initiatives. The first relates to connecting the anchor institutions in our neighborhood through an effort called Near West Side Partners. The second discusses the creation of a centralized Office of Community Engagement that advances the development, support, and promotion of the research, teaching, and service partnerships between our campus and our community partners. The third initiative, our most recent enterprise, is our Office of Corporate Engagement and Partnerships. All three of these efforts follow through on Ignatius of Loyola’s vision to serve others and collectively make a difference.
Conversion of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis to Interpositional Arthroplasty With Acellular Dermal Matrix for First Ray Ulceration: A Case Report

The purpose of this study is to report the outcome of the conversion of a first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis to an interpositional arthroplasty with an acellular dermal matrix for a chronic nonhealing first ray wound. To our knowledge, this is the first case report converting a first ray arthrodesis to an interpositional arthroplasty to heal a chronic ulceration. A 78-year-old female developed a chronic neuropathic ulceration under the first metatarsal head and hallux after a first MTP joint arthrodesis. The patient failed local wound care and underwent gastrocnemius recession, hallux interphalangeal joint fusion, and an interpositional arthroplasty with the use of an acellular dermal matrix. Bone tunnels were placed proximal to the metatarsal neck, where absorbable sutures affixed to the dermal matrix were passed from plantar to dorsal, and the graft was secured to the reamed metatarsal head and associated capsule. Postoperative radiographs revealed improved alignment of the first MTP joint. Complete reepithelialization of the plantar ulceration occurred within 2 weeks postoperatively. At the 16-month follow-up, the patient was ambulating without restriction and continued to be free of first ray ulceration and infection. This case study details the use of an acellular dermal matrix in an interpositional arthroplasty to offload a chronic nonhealing ulceration secondary to elevated first ray pressure associated with first MTP joint arthrodesis. The goal of this treatment is to reduce pain, heal the ulceration, and prevent its recurrence.
Spanish Speaking, Limited English Proficient Parents whose Children are Hospitalized: An Integrative Review.

Abstract Problem Children of non-English speakers are at risk for health disparities. Little is known about the experiences of Spanish speaking parents with limited English proficiency (LEP) whose children are hospitalized. The purposes of this integrative review were to explore what is known and to identify gaps in the literature about the experiences of Spanish speaking parents with LEP whose children are hospitalized. Eligibility criteria Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative review method guided the process. Studies addressed Spanish speaking parents of hospitalized children in the United States. Sample A final sample consisted of 36 quantitative and qualitative research studies published from 1994 to 2018; located through a search of CINAHL, Pubmed, and Scopus. Results Language services were inconsistent although mandated by standards and laws. Parents experienced mixed emotions related to care. Emergency departments in large, urban cities were the most common care settings. Differences in care outcomes and safety risks for children of Spanish speaking parents existed; however, findings were inconsistent. Only three of the 36 studies addressed nursing care. Conclusions Research design and quality varied. Parents valued communication in their language. Nurses are the primary healthcare provider in the hospital setting but few studies explored parents' experiences associated with nursing care. No studies explored parents' experiences with their child's hospitalization in the context of culture. Implications Future research is needed to explore the cultural values, beliefs, and experiences of Spanish speaking parents with LEP and the role of nurses and to inform culturally congruent nursing care, research, and policy.
Rethinking Libel for the Twenty-First Century

Today, many institutional arrangements reached in the mid-twentieth century are being rethought and renegotiated. One such arrangement involves libel, and the responsibility of publishers for harm they cause via defamation. In his recent concurrence to the denial of certiorari in the case of McKee v. Cosby, Justice Clarence Thomas called for the Supreme Court to revisit the constitutional protections for publishers of libelous material, arguing that the existing arrangement, dating to New York Times Co. v.Sullivan and its progeny, is out of date and unsupported by the Constitution. As even some left-leaning scholars note, he may have a point, and it seems likely that the Supreme Court will revisit the issue of libel in the near future. In this short Essay, I will discuss Thomas’s critique, the broader problem of fairly adjudicating libel cases in an era of widespread publishing and social media, and the impact of the Sullivan regime over the past half-century. I will then suggest some remedies to the problems identified — remedies that fall short of overturning Sullivan, but that would still represent a significant change in current law — and I will explain why the Supreme Court is more likely to follow such an approach than to overturn Sullivan outright.
Thermal Analysis Experiments in Titanium and Magnesium Additions to 4130 Steel

Titanium and magnesium additions singly and together were examined in 4130. A thermal analysis system measured the cooling rate of molten steel samples. These curves were analyzed for changes in phases evolved and phase reactions. The samples were also sectioned to determine the solidification structure. All additions refined the structure; however, magnesium and titanium additions together resulted in the finest structure. The peritectic reaction temperature was found to decrease with the additions. This decline may indicate an increase in the δ-ferrite stability due to favorable nucleation of that phase. The solidus temperature also appeared to decline. Inclusion analysis found TiN particles in the magnesium/titanium-containing sample. Only titanium-containing oxides were observed in the titanium-only samples. It appeared that the addition of magnesium made the formation of TiN more favorable.