cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of the relationships between body checking, body image avoidance, body image dissatisfaction, mood, and disordered eating.

Objective Body checking (BC) and body image avoidance (BIA) have been proposed as etiological and maintaining mechanisms for eating disorder (ED) pathology. To date, no comprehensive review summarizes the relationships of BC and BIA with ED pathology, body image dissatisfaction, or mood/affect. Method Meta-analyses examined the relationships of BC and BIA with ED pathology, body image dissatisfaction, and mood/affect. Gender, publication status, and presence or absence of ED diagnoses were examined as potential moderators. Results Results showed strong relationships between BC and ED pathology (ρ = 0.588) and BC and body image dissatisfaction (ρ = 0.631) and a moderate relationship between BC and mood/affect (ρ = 0.385). Similarly, results showed strong relationships between BIA and ED pathology (ρ = 0.553) and BIA and body image dissatisfaction (ρ = 0.543) and a moderate relationship between BIA and mood/affect (ρ = 0.392). Overall, limited evidence supported publication bias; however, publication bias may exist in the relationship between BIA and body image dissatisfaction in the literature. Subgroup moderator analyses suggested that gender moderates the strength of the relationships between BC and ED pathology, body image dissatisfaction, and mood/affect and between BIA and body image dissatisfaction. Discussion Results are consistent with cognitive-behavioral models of ED pathology that suggest BC and BIA are behavioral expressions of overvaluation of weight and shape. Notably, more published research has investigated BC than BIA. Future studies, incorporating methods such as meta-analytic structural equation modeling, should examine these variables to further test cognitive-behavioral models of ED development and maintenance.
Omalizumab can inhibit respiratory reaction during aspirin desensitization.

Abstract Background Aspirin desensitization has been associated with benefit in management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). An intervention that would encourage aspirin desensitization to be performed more frequently has substantial potential for improving outcomes and quality of life in patients with AERD. Objective We investigated whether omalizumab administration would be associated with attenuation of aspirin-provoked bronchospasm in patients with AERD undergoing aspirin desensitization. Methods We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which subjects with AERD who fulfilled label criteria for omalizumab received omalizumab or placebo for 16 weeks, and then underwent aspirin desensitization. Results Eleven subjects completed aspirin desensitization. Of the 7 who were randomized to omalizumab, 5 had no respiratory reaction during aspirin desensitization. Compared with placebo, omalizumab was associated with a significantly greater likelihood for subjects with AERD to have no respiratory reaction during desensitization (P = .04, Fisher exact test). There was an overall difference in urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) levels in subjects who received omalizumab and did not have a respiratory reaction during desensitization compared with subjects randomized to placebo (P = .035, mixed model with interaction). Urinary LTE4 levels were significantly higher with respiratory reaction in placebo subjects compared with levels obtained after the 100-mg dose in AERD subjects who had no respiratory reaction (P Conclusion In atopic AERD subjects, omalizumab administration for 16 weeks was associated with “clinically silent” desensitization. Further studies to investigate the therapeutic utility of omalizumab in patients with AERD who are candidates for aspirin desensitization are warranted based on these findings. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00555971.
BATF regulates the expression of Nfil3, Wnt10a and miR155hg for efficient induction of antibody class switch recombination in mice.

BATF functions in T cells and B cells to control the host response to antigen and promote the production of class switched immunoglobulins. In this study, we demonstrate that BATF expression increases rapidly, and transiently, following B cell stimulation and use an inducible murine model of BATF deletion to show that this induction is necessary, and sufficient, for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR). We examine two genes (Nfil3 and miR155gh) that are positively regulated, and one gene (Wnt10a) that is negatively regulated by BATF during CSR. These genes play essential roles in CSR and each impacts the expression and/or function of the others. Our observations allow these targets of BATF regulation to be positioned in a network upstream of the activation of germline transcripts (GLT) from the IgH locus and of transcriptional activation of Aicda - the gene encoding the enzyme directing Ig gene rearrangements. This work extends the knowledge of the molecular control of CSR and, importantly, positions the induction and function of BATF as an early event in this process.
Glenohumeral Joint Pathology

A variety of diseases affect the glenohumeral joint. One of the most common problems is shoulder dislocations, due to its highly mobile nature. Dislocations occur in both the younger and older population in a bimodal distribution.
Time-Domain Compressive FMCW LADAR

We demonstrate an innovative approach to optical ranging well beyond the receiver bandwidth using < 0.5% of Nyquist sampling while achieving picowatt minimum sensitivity. This concept shows considerable promise for LADAR/LIDAR applications.
Internationalizing the Psychology Curriculum: An Emphasis on School Psychology Internationally

The specialty of school psychology is described in reference to seven key historic events as well as its current roles and functions. The somewhat slow growth of school psychology during the first half of the twentieth century was followed by its rapid growth in the 1960s and 1970s in the USA, Canada, some Western European countries, as well as countries strongly influenced by the British educational system. Internal and external conditions that strongly influence school psychology’s development together with the role of the International School Psychology Association are discussed.
Negotiating Right Along: An Extended Case Study of the Social Activity of Engineering Design

We report on a 14 month project we undertook involving a small engineering design group (5-14) people within a large product program (up to 1000 people over a seven year period) in an even larger industrial setting ($16B annual, 100,00 employees). The research involved both observational work and technological intervention, the latter taking the form of supporting the designers’ everyday work with recorded video services (recording and replay). Our findings then, reflect this two-pronged approach; we report both observations on design process and the utility of video to support design. Careful fieldwork and video analysis has resulted in a deeper understanding of the workings of design as a social activity, most notably in precisely how it is that personal and group histories and politics permeate every core of design work. Our use of video in the project has highlighted areas where multimedia tools are (or are potentially) useful for supporting the social aspects of designing and what needs to be done to more smoothly integrate these resources into designers’ work.
What to Do About Crowding and Solitude in Parks and Wilderness? A Reply to Stewart and Cole

Recent research by Stewart and Cole (2001) adds evidence that the number of encounters among park and wilderness visitors is negatively, but weakly-to-moderately related to visitor satisfaction. Ho...
Ocular Antihypertensive Medication Use After iStent Implantation Concurrent With Cataract Surgery vs Cataract Surgery Alone in a Large US Health Care Claims Database.

Importance The iStent Trabecular Micro-Bypass (Glaukos Corporation) is a minimally invasive glaucoma implant used in conjunction with cataract surgery to lower intraocular pressure. Objective To determine whether implantation of the iStent concurrent with cataract surgery is associated with reduced use of ocular antihypertensive medications in a US health care claims database. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective, observational longitudinal cohort study of individuals enrolled in a US managed care network who underwent iStent implantation with cataract surgery (iStent/CEIOL) from 2012 to 2016 (n = 1509 bilateral and n = 1462 unilateral surgery). A control group of individuals who underwent bilateral cataract surgery only (CEIOL) were matched 1:1 to patients undergoing bilateral iStent/CEIOL on baseline demographic and clinical factors. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2017, and January 31, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The number of topical ocular antihypertensive agents used postoperatively by patients undergoing iStent/CEIOL compared with baseline and with matched CEIOL control individuals, and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for sustained reduced use of at least 1 topical ocular antihypertensive agent postoperatively. Results Of the 2971 eligible enrollees, mean age at first surgery was 74.3 years, and 1659 (55.8%) were women. Patients undergoing iStent/CEIOL had diagnoses that included primary open-angle glaucoma (n = 2329; 78.4%), narrow angles (n = 381; 12.8%), and secondary glaucomas (n = 261; 8.8%). At baseline, 1223 (41.2%) were receiving no topical glaucoma agents; 876 (29.5%), 437 (14.7%), and 435 (14.6%) were receiving 1, 2, or at least 3 agents, respectively. Although only 678 persons (22.8%) completed at least 2 years of postoperative follow-up, the proportion of patients receiving no drops increased postoperatively (64.7%, 20-24 months,P Conclusions and Relevance Implantation of the iStent trabecular micro-bypass stent concurrent with cataract surgery was associated with moderately reduced use of topical ocular antihypertensive medication. Reduction in the use of glaucoma medications may lessen the burden of medication adverse effects and promote better adherence.
Distinct Patterns of Fiber Type Adaptation in Rat Hindlimb Muscles 4 Weeks after Hemorrhagic Stroke

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate adaptations in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles in a rat model 4 wks after hemorrhagic stroke. DESIGN Young adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: stroke and control, with eight soleus and eight tibialis anterior muscles per group. Hemorrhagic stroke was induced in the right caudoputamen of the stroke rats. Control rats had no intervention. Neurologic status was evaluated in both groups before stroke and 4 wks after stroke. Muscles were harvested after poststroke neurologic testing. Muscle fiber types and cross-sectional areas were determined in soleus and tibialis anterior using immunohistochemical labeling for myosin heavy chain. RESULTS No generalized fiber atrophy was found in any of the muscles. Fiber types shifted from faster to slower in the tibialis anterior of the stroke group, but no fiber type shifts occurred in the soleus muscles of stroke animals. CONCLUSIONS Because slower myosin heavy chain fiber types are associated with weaker contractile force and slower contractile speed, this faster to slower fiber type shift in tibialis anterior muscles may contribute to weaker and slower muscle contraction in this muscle after stroke. This finding may indicate potential therapeutic benefit from treatments known to influence fiber type plasticity.
Neuromuscular blocking agents for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory process that impairs the ability of the lungs to oxygenate thereby resulting in respiratory failure. Treatment of ARDS is often a multimodal approach using both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment strategies in addition to trying to reverse the underlying cause of ARDS. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) have been prescribed to patients with ARDS as they are thought to decrease inflammation, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output and help facilitate ventilator synchrony. NMBAs have only been evaluated in patients with early, severe ARDS in three multicenter, randomized, controlled trials (n = 432), but have resulted in decreased inflammation and improved oxygenation, ventilator-free days, and mortality. Despite reports of NMBAs being associated with adverse effects like postparalytic quadriparesis, myopathy, and prolonged recovery, these effects have not been seen in patients receiving short courses of NMBAs for ARDS. A large multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial is ongoing to confirm benefit of NMBAs in early, severe ARDS when adjusting for limitations of the previous studies. The current available literature suggests that 48 h of NMBA therapy in patients with early, severe ARDS improves mortality, without resulting in additional patient harm.
Becoming Something New

This chapter highlights the constructed nature of teachers’ identities and the ways that confrontations with the unexpected can be a catalyst for personal and professional growth. Building on the well-established theories of identity negotiation, critical incidents, and transformational learning, and backed up by a wealth of empirical research, this chapter ends with reflective support for both pre-service teachers and teacher preparation programs to use as they engage in the perpetual process of becoming.
Predicting delay discounting from heterogeneous social media data

Delay discounting, a behavioral measure of impulsivity, is often used to quantify the human tendency to choose a smaller, sooner reward (e.g., $1 today) over a larger, later reward ($2 tomorrow). Delay discounting and its relation to human decision-making is a hot topic in economics and behavior science since pitting the demands of long-term goals against short-term desires is among the most difficult tasks in human decision-making (Hirsh et al. in J Res Personal 42:1646, 2008). Previously, questionnaire-based surveys were used to assess someone’s delay discounting rate (DDR). In this research, we develop a computational model to automatically predict DDR from diverse types of social media data such as likes and posts. We explore different unsupervised feature learning methods to take advantage of a large amount of unsupervised social media data. Based on our evaluation, the best model learned from social media likes achieved 0.634 ROC AUC, which 18% better than the baseline model that did not use unsupervised feature learning. The best model learned from social media posts achieved 0.641 ROC AUC, which is 24% better than the baseline that did not use unsupervised feature learning. We also employed unsupervised feature fusion to combine heterogeneous user data such as likes and posts together to further improve system performance. The final combined model outperformed the baseline that did not use unsupervised feature learning by 30%. Finally, we conducted additional analysis to uncover interesting correlation patterns between a person’s social media behavior and his/her DDR.
Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and treatment outcome in cats with hiatal hernia: 31 cases (1995-2018)

Author(s): Phillips, Heidi; Corrie, Jessica; Engel, Danielle M; Duffy, Daniel J; Holt, David E; Kendall, Allison R; Schmiedt, Chad W; Vetter, Autumn; Meren, Ilyssa L; Follette, Christelle; Schaeffer, David J; Mayhew, Philipp D; Marks, Stanley L | Abstract: BackgroundInformation regarding clinical signs, assessment, treatment, and outcome in cats with hiatal hernia (HH) is limited.ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical presentation of HH and medical and surgical outcomes in a cohort of affected cats.AnimalsThirty-one client-owned cats with HH.MethodsMedical records of cats with HH were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, history, results of diagnostic tests, details of surgical and medical treatments, complications, and outcome. Long-term follow-up data were obtained by telephone communication. Relationships between clinical variables and outcome were evaluated by regression analysis.ResultsType I HH was present in 85.7% (24/28) of cats, and 64.5% (20/31) were g3 years of age at diagnosis. Twenty-one of 31 (67.7%) cats underwent surgical repair including phrenoplasty, esophagopexy, and left-sided gastropexy, and 10 of 31 cats were treated medically without surgery. Concurrent illness was common, and 77.4% cats had comorbidities. All cats survived to discharge, and median time to death or follow-up was 959 days (range, 3-4015 days). Cats treated medically survived longer than cats treated surgically, with median time to death or follow-up of 2559 and 771 days, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importanceType I HH is the most common type of HH in cats. A congenital etiology is possible, but many cats with HH were g3 years of age at diagnosis and suffered from comorbidities, including upper airway obstruction. Case selection and the presence of comorbidities likely influenced the outcome. Cats with HH may not be diagnosed until disease is advanced or concurrent illness draws attention to clinical signs.
TOM40 Targets Atg2 to Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes for Phagophore Expansion

Summary During autophagy, phagophores grow into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show a critical role of Atg2A in phagophore expansion. Atg2A translocates to the phagophore at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) through a C-terminal 45-amino acid domain that we have termed the MAM localization domain (MLD). Proteomic analysis identifies the outer mitochondrial membrane protein TOM40 as a MLD-interacting partner. The Atg2A-TOM40 interaction is responsible for MAM localization of Atg2A and requires the TOM receptor protein TOM70. In addition, Atg2A interacts with Atg9A by a region within its N terminus. Inhibition of either Atg2A-TOM40 or Atg2A-Atg9A interactions impairs phagophore expansion and accumulates Atg9A-vesicles in the vicinity of autophagic structures. Collectively, we propose a model that the TOM70-TOM40 complex recruits Atg2A to the MAM for vesicular and/or non-vesicular lipid transport into the expanding phagophore to grow the size of autophagosomes for efficient autophagic flux.
Iterative learning control for power profile shaping in selective laser melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) can be used to manufacture functional metal parts with complex geometries that cannot be produced by traditional manufacturing methods. However, SLM process control cannot yet guarantee the end part quality required for critical applications. The application of model-based control strategies to SLM is complicated by both the closed architecture of industrial SLM machines and the lack of suitable control-oriented process models. In this paper we (1) present an open-source SLM printer that allows implementation of the on-the-fly power adjustment and (2) use a data-driven method, iterative learning control (ILC) to learn the suitable laser power profile using the melt pool emission measurements from a coaxial camera. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ILC approach through experiments on the open-source SLM machine.
Bethell on Property and Prosperity

There once was a little girl with a curl. According to the nursery rhyme, “when she was good, she was very, very good; when she was bad, she was horrid.”
Accuracy Controlled Structure-Preserving ${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ -Matrix-Matrix Product in Linear Complexity With Change of Cluster Bases

${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ -matrix constitutes a general mathematical framework for efficient computation of both partial-differential-equation (PDE) and integral-equation (IE)-based operators. Existing linear-complexity ${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ matrix-matrix product (MMP) algorithm lacks explicit accuracy control, while controlling accuracy without compromising linear complexity is challenging. In this article, we develop an accuracy controlled ${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ MMP algorithm by instantaneously changing the cluster bases during the matrix product computation based on prescribed accuracy. Meanwhile, we retain the computational complexity of the overall algorithm to be linear. Different from the existing ${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ MMP algorithm where formatted multiplications are performed using the original cluster bases, in the proposed algorithm, all additions and multiplications are either exact or computed based on prescribed accuracy. Furthermore, the original ${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ -matrix structure is preserved in the matrix product. While achieving optimal complexity for constant-rank matrices, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is also minimized for variable-rank ${\mathcal{ H}}^{2}$ -matrices. For example, it has a complexity of $O(NlogN)$ for computing electrically large volume IEs, where $N$ is matrix size. The proposed work serves as a fundamental arithmetic in the development of fast solvers for large-scale electromagnetic analysis. Applications to both large-scale capacitance extraction and electromagnetic scattering problems involving millions of unknowns on a single core have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Exploration of Workflow Management Systems Emerging Features from Users Perspectives

There has been a recent emergence of new workflow applications focused on data analytics and machine learning. This emergence has precipitated a change in the workflow management landscape, causing the development of new dataoriented workflow management systems (WMSs) in addition to the earlier standard of task-oriented WMSs. In this paper, we summarize three general workflow use-cases and explore the unique requirements of each use-case in order to understand how WMSs from both workflow management models meet the requirements of each workflow use-case from the user’s perspective. We analyze the applicability of the two models by carefully describing each model and by providing an examination of the different variations of WMSs that fall under the task driven model. To illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of each workflow management model, we summarize the key features of four production-ready WMSs: Pegasus, Makeflow, Apache Airflow, and Pachyderm. To deepen our analysis of the four WMSs examined in this paper,we implement three real-world use-cases to highlight the specifications and features of each WMS. We present our final assessment of each WMS after considering the following factors: usability, performance, ease of deployment, and relevance. The purpose of this work is to offer insights from the user’s perspective into the research challenges that WMSs currently face due to the evolving workflow landscape.
The Soundless Outcry

The Soundless Outcry was an ensemble that was inspired by the Declaration of Korean Independence (Figure 1), which was announced by 33 ethnic representatives in Korea on March 1919, for Korea’s independence (Kim, 2019). In 1919, Korea was under Japanese colonial rule for nine years. Some intellectual Koreans secretly prepared the Declaration of Independence for Korea’s independence (Ch’oe, Lee, & Bary, 2000). They announced that Korea would no longer tolerate Japanese colonial rule through the Declaration of Korea Independence on March 1st, 1919 in public (Kim, 2019). This announcement was the largely peaceful speech in the world and followed more than a million Koreans’ non-violent and democratic uprising. It also became the spark of the March 1st civil movement that led Korea to independence. Nearly thirty years later, Korea gained independence after the defeat of the Empire of Japan in World War II (Ch’oe, Lee, & Bary, 2000). As the design scholars, The Soundless Outcry was designed to commemorate 100 years of March 1st Movement and to remind the importance and meaning of Korean’s non-violent and democratic uprising through the Declaration of Korean Independence.
Activated CD8 T-cell Hepatitis in Children With Indeterminate Acute Liver Failure: Results From a Multicenter Cohort.

Objectives In many pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) cases, a diagnosis is not identified, and the etiology is indeterminate (IND-PALF). Our pilot study found dense CD8 T-cell infiltrates and increased T-cell clonality in liver specimens from IND-PALF patients. We aimed to validate these findings in a multicenter cohort with investigators blinded to diagnosis. Methods PALF Study Group registry subjects with IND-PALF (n = 37) and known diagnoses (DX-PALF) (n = 18), ages 1 to 17 years, with archived liver tissue were included. Liver tissue slides were stained for T cells (CD8 and CD4), B cells (CD20), macrophages (CD163), perforin, and tissue resident-memory T cells (Trm, CD103), and scored as minimal, moderate, or dense. Lymphocytes were isolated from frozen liver tissue for T-cell receptor beta (TCRβ) sequencing. Results Dense hepatic CD8 staining was found in significantly more IND-PALF (n = 29, 78%) compared with DX-PALF subjects (n = 5, 28%) (P = 0.001). IND-PALF subjects were more likely to have dense or moderate perforin (88% vs 50%, P = 0.03) and CD103 (82% vs 40%, P = 0.02) staining compared with DX-PALF subjects. TCRβ sequencing of 15 IND-PALF cases demonstrated increased clonal overlap compared with 6 DX-PALF cases (P = 0.002). Conclusions Dense infiltration of effector Trm CD8 T cells characterizes liver tissue from IND-PALF subjects. Increased clonality suggests the T-cell expansion is antigen(s)-driven as opposed to a nonspecific inflammatory response. These findings support CD8 staining as a new biomarker of the activated CD8 T-cell PALF phenotype. Future studies are needed to characterize potential antigens, host risk factors, and inflammatory pathways with the goal of developing targeted therapies.
Five Alarms: Assessing the Vulnerability of US Cellular Communication Infrastructure to Wildfires

Natural disasters can wreak havoc on Internet infrastructure. Short term impacts include impediments to first responders and long term impacts include requirements to repair or replace damaged physical components. In this paper, we present an analysis of the vulnerability of cellular communication infrastructure in the US to one type of natural disaster - wildfires. Three data sets are the basis for our study: historical wildfire records, wildfire risk projections, and cellular infrastructure deployment. We utilize the geographic features in each data set to assess the spatial overlap between historical wildfires and cellular infrastructure and to analyze current vulnerability. We find wide variability in the number of cell transceivers that were within wildfire perimeters over the past 18 years. In a focused analysis of the California wildfires of 2019, we find that the primary risk to cellular communication is power outage rather than cellular equipment damage. Our analysis of future risk based on wildfire hazard potential identifies California, Florida and Texas as the three states with the largest number of cell transceivers at risk. Importantly, we find that many of the areas at high risk are quite close to urban population centers, thus outages could have serious impacts on a large number of cell users. We believe that our study has important implications for governmental communication assurance efforts and for risk planning by cell infrastructure owners and service providers.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and electronic structure of Li2PbSiS4: a quaternary thiosilicate with a compressed chalcopyrite-like structure.

The new quaternary thio­silicate, Li2PbSiS4 (dilithium lead silicon tetra­sulfide), was prepared in an evacuated fused-silica tube via high-temperature, solid-state synthesis at 800 °C, followed by slow cooling. The crystal structure was solved and refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. By strict definition, the title compound crystallizes in the stannite structure type; however, this type of structure can also be described as a compressed chalcopyrite-like structure. The Li+ cation lies on a crystallographic fourfold rotoinversion axis, while the Pb2+ and Si4+ cations reside at the inter­section of the fourfold rotoinversion axis with a twofold axis and a mirror plane. The Li+ and Si4+ cations in this structure are tetra­hedrally coordinated, while the larger Pb2+ cation adopts a distorted eight-coordinate dodeca­hedral coordination. These units join together via corner- and edge-sharing to create a dense, three-dimensional structure. Powder X-ray diffraction indicates that the title compound is the major phase of the reaction product. Electronic structure calculations, performed using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method within density functional theory (DFT), indicate that Li2PbSiS4 is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 2.22 eV, which compares well with the measured optical bandgap of 2.51 eV. The noncentrosymmetric crystal structure and relatively wide bandgap designate this compound to be of inter­est for IR nonlinear optics.
Operation Management in the Era of Globalization

I discussed about the Important of operation management with the perspective of modernization and development.
ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR THE IMPACT AGRICULTURAL AND PRICE POLICIES ON PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF SOME CROPS OILSEED IN EGYPT

Oil crops are important crops in Egypt because they are the main source of vegetable oilproduction in the food scale. (60%) of the animal wealth in Egypt, as well as the fact that theyenter many food industries, and the importance of that wealth, it is not possible to verify the sizeof the resistance in real time oil.The results of the research showed that the average size of the farm in Fawaya was about21.55 thousand feddans during the period 2000-2015. The average feddan reached about 1,341tons / fed. (2000-2015), the average feddan yield is about 1,089 tons/fed, in the period ofCalifornia For the yield of about 29.61 thousand tons. In estimating the general time trendequation for the evolution of the study variables of the crop, At a statistically significant annualrate, while productivity increases at a statistically significant annual rate.Based on the findings of the Fund's Profile Analysis Matrix (2000-2015), the protectioncoefficient for fish may be below the reasonable price of 0.44, which means that domesticsoybean prices are lower than their global counterparts, ie the soybean crop bears implicit taxesApproximately 56% of the value of its production, such a presentation of the United Stateswhich is close to the minimum, 0.92%, indicating that the producers of the crop in Egypt areimplicitly subsidized, and the effective protection factor line below 0.43 which means that theproduct bears implicit taxes 57 And that the consumer receives support, as indicated by thecoefficient of comparative advantage, that the final Egypt is relative C crop without importedfrom abroad, according to the camp .18 ratio, which is less than the correct one.As shown by the results of the military file analysis matrix in Egypt during the period 2000-2015, the nominal protection coefficient for the related products is 0.45, which means that theprices of the local sunflower are lower than their global counterparts. Of the value of itsproduction, such as that of Nindhoville, led to be produced everywhere, 0.94%, which indicatesthat the producers of the crop in Egypt are implicitly subsidized, as the coefficient of effectiveprotection coefficient is 0.42% about 58%, and the consumer It also receives support, as thecomparative advantage indicates that Egypt has a comparative advantage in producing the crop without importing it from outside to face it Where its domestic consumption amounted to about0.23, less than the right one.
Flora de los acantilados Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile

This study is part of the research project in progress financed by FONDECYT, registration folio N ° 11190305, in charge of Dra. Carmen Gloria Ossa. One of its objectives is to determinate the reproductive biology of columnar cactus Echinopsis litoralis that inhabits the Federico Santa Maria Cliffs (AFSM). Under this context, we carried out the identification of native flora species present in the cliffs, environment initially donated to build a natural sanctuary. It was founded various species of flora, of high botanical interest, in varying degrees of conservation and vulnerability. The environmental variety means that a great wealth and diversity of species coexist, which it is necessary to take care of, and put in value, not only scientific, but also sociocultural and educational.
Exploring a two-population genetic algorithm

In a two-market genetic algorithm applied to a constrained optimization problem, two 'markets' are maintained. One market establishes fitness in terms of the objective function only; the other market measures fitness in terms of the problem constraints only. Previous work on knapsack problems has shown promise for the two-market approach. In this paper we: (1) extend the investigation of two-market GAs to non-linear optimization, (2) introduce a new, two-population variant on the two-market idea, and (3) report on experiments with the two-population, two-market GA that help explain how and why it works.
Method Issues in Epidemiological Studies of Medically Unexplained Symptom-based Conditions in Veterans.

Symptom-based conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and medically unexplained multi-symptom illness (MSI) are fairly common in the general population and are also important veteran's health concerns due to their higher frequency among U.S. veterans who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War. CFS, MSI, and other symptom-based conditions are often associated with considerable morbidity due to fatigue, chronic pain, neurologic symptoms, and other symptoms that can impair the quality of life. This article discusses several important issues of methodology that arise in population studies of CFS and MSI. These include the exclusion criteria that have been used in population studies to define CFS-like illness and unexplained MSI, the potential for false positive and false negative assessments of illness status, the potential for sex differences, and the poorly understood natural history of these symptom-based conditions across the life span. As an empirical example of these methodology issues, we examined existing data from a 2005 follow-up survey. We found that 64.9% (762 of 1,175) of female Gulf War veterans and 53.4% (2,530 of 4,739) of male Gulf War veterans had 1 or more exclusionary medical conditions. The prevalence among veterans with one or more exclusionary medical conditions increased markedly by age among females and those with a low income.
Role of β-Catenin in B Cell Development and Function

β-Catenin is a central mediator of Wnt signaling pathway, components of which have been implicated in B cell development and function. B cell progenitors and bone marrow stromal cells express Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptors and Wnt antagonists, suggesting fine tuned regulation of this pathway in B cell development. In particular, deletion of Frizzled 9 gene results in developmental defects at the pre-B stage of development and an accumulation of plasma cells. Furthermore, Wnt signals regulate B cell proliferation through lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor-1. However, it is not known whether Wnt signaling in B cell development is mediated by β-catenin and whether β-catenin plays a role in mature B cell function. In this report, we show that mice bearing B cell-specific deletion of β-catenin have normal B cell development in bone marrow and periphery. A modest defect in plasma cell generation in vitro was documented, which correlated with a defective expression of IRF-4 and Blimp-1. However, B cell response to T-dependent and T-independent Ags in vivo was found to be normal. Thus, β-catenin expression was found to be dispensable for normal B cell development and function.
Validation of the Out-of-School-Time Snacks, Beverages, and Physical Activity Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Recent research has highlighted the potential for out-of-school-time (OST) environments to impact children's energy balance. Expanding upon this evidence requires validated measures to assess nutrition and physical activity (PA) environments across large samples of OST programs. The aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the Out-of-School-Time Snacks, Beverages, and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OST-SBPA), an online questionnaire designed to measure OST nutrition and PA environments by program leaders' reports. Methods: The study consisted of two samples of OST programs (total n=65). Objective data across program meetings were compared to program leaders' reports of usual snack, beverage, and PA offerings. All 65 programs provided snack and beverage data; PA data were available from 31 programs. Validity was assessed using percent agreement, Cohen's kappa, and Spearman's correlations. Results: All OST-SBPA items demonstrated agreement above 60% when dichotomized ...
VQ assistance for training perceptron networks

Vector quantization algorithms are used to find finite sets of exemplars which represent a data set to within an a priori error tolerance. Such representation is of the essence in codebook based data compression and transmission. We first develop modifications of the basic algorithm and then explore the use of vector quantization as a tool to speed the training of perceptron networks. We show that the vector quantization provides an efficient initialization for the backprop algorithm. We also explore the use of vector quantization to decompose large scale computational problems into more computable parts. Classification problems are considered.
Electrochemical Study of Chitosan‐SiO2‐MWNT Composite Electrodes for the Fabrication of Cholesterol Biosensors

We report a novel composite electrode made of chitosan-SiO2-multiwall carbon nanotube (CHIT-SiO2-MWNT) composite coated on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was covalently immobilized on the CHIT-SiO2-MWNT/ITO electrode that resulted in a ChOx/CHIT-SiO2-MWNT/ITO cholesterolactive bioelectrode. The CHIT-SiO2-MWNT/ITO and ChOx/CHIT-SiO2-MWNT/ITO electrodes were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influence of various parameters was investigated, including the applied potential, pH of the medium, and the concentration of the enzyme on the performance of the biosensor. The cholesterol bioelectrode exhibited a sensitivity of 3.4 nA/ mgdL−1 with a response time of five seconds. The biosensor using ChOx/CHIT-SiO2-MWNT/ITO as the working electrode retained its original response after being stored for six months. The biosensor using ChOx/CHIT-SiO2-MWNT/ITO as the working electrode showed a linear current response to the cholesterol concentration in the range of 50–650 mg/dL.
Calorimetric studies of single crystals of ErRh4B4

Abstract Measurements of the heat capacity of two single crystals of ErRh 4 B 4 have been made in the temperature range of 0.4 to 1.3 K. The calorimeter utilized inn this investigation allows the heat capacity to be determined with the sample temperature either monotonically increasing or decreasing. The data do not indicate the presence of a latent heat in the measurements made while cooling the sample. By performing an integration of the specific heat, determined from the decreasing temperature data, a value for the entropy of the magnetic system is calculated. This value is consistent with the entropy anticipated for the lowest crystal field energy levels of Er to be two doublets.
Environmental temperature and lactation (with special reference to cattle)

The majority of fundamental information on temperature effects on lactation is on cattle. The yield and composition of milk are affected by the temperature of the environment or the animal's body temperature. Environmental temperatures lower and higher than the comfort zone temperatures, diminish yield and alter many of the components of milk. Concepts as to the possible manner in which temperature may alter the synthesis of milk and the role of the neuro-endocrine and environmental physiological funtions in the maintenance of lactation were presented. The elucidation of many of these postulated mechanisms of temperature effect on lactation merely awaits the application of available modern endocrine, physiological, and biochemical techniques utilizing chromatography, tracer, fluorometric, manometric, and other procedures.
A General Strain Theory of Prison Violence and Misconduct: An Integrated Model of Inmate Behavior

Explanations of prison violence and other forms of misconduct have been dominated by three competing models: (a) the deprivation model, (b) the importation model, and (c) the coping model. We propose that these three seemingly competing models can be integrated within Agnew’s general strain theory (GST). GST enriches the deprivation model by revealing three distinctive categories of strain. GST encompasses the importation model in hypothesizing that criminal cultural values and affiliations will structure the response to the strains of imprisonment. And GST incorporates the coping model in its emphasis on how social support, social capital, and human capital can blunt the effects of potentially criminogenic strains. Finally, GST is sufficiently broad to include factors (e.g., emotions, self-control) in the explanation of prison maladjustment not covered by the three main models of prison inmate behavior. In short, GST offers a general integrated framework for reconceptualizing our understanding of prison violence and misconduct.
ORGANIC ACIDURIA FOLLOWING EXTENSIVE SMALL BOWEL RESECTION

Routine screening has identified two patients with striking organic aciduria after extensive small bowel resection. JK, a 5 ½ yo male, underwent resection of all but 21 cm of small bowel at 3 days of age because of necrosis secondary to midgut volvulus and subsequently has had recurrent acidemic episodes. TK, a 5 yo female, was left with 15 cm of jejunum following mesenteric artery thrombosis at 15 months. Both have experienced episodes of progressive abdominal distention, colonic ileus, and CNS depression. Urinary lactate (JK only), glutarate, propionate, β-hydroxyphenylacetate and β-phenyllactate were elevated. White blood cell glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in JK was normal. Serum prostaglandin E and F were significantly elevated in JK. Absorption of organic acids from stool has been reported and these patients illustrate that this may become quantitatively significant following small bowel resection. The data also suggest that the addemia of short bowel may not be solely due to bicarbonate wasting. Our patients demonstrate that gastroenterologic disorders constitute a previously unrecognized etiology to be differentiated from inborn enzymatic errors associated with glutaric aciduria. Dietary restriction, oral bicarbonate, catharsis, and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis may play a role in treatment of this disorder.
Molecular mapping of thrombin-receptor interactions.

In addition to its procoagulant and anticoagulant roles in the blood coagulation cascade, thrombin works as a signaling molecule when it interacts with the G-protein coupled receptors PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4. We have mapped the thrombin epitopes responsible for these interactions using enzymatic assays and Ala scanning mutagenesis. The epitopes overlap considerably, and are almost identical to those of fibrinogen and fibrin, but a few unanticipated differences are uncovered that help explain the higher (90-fold) specificity of PAR1 relative to PAR3 and PAR4. The most critical residues for the interaction with the PARs are located around the active site where mutations affect recognition in the order PAR4 > PAR3 > PAR1. Other important residues for PAR binding cluster in a small area of exosite I where mutations affect recognition in the order PAR1 > PAR3 > PAR4. Owing to this hierarchy of effects, the mutation W215A selectively compromises PAR4 cleavage, whereas the mutation R67A abrogates the higher specificity of PAR1 relative to PAR3 and PAR4. 3D models of thrombin complexed with PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 are constructed and account for the perturbations documented by the mutagenesis studies.
The characterization of Euglena gracilis DNA by its reassociation kinetics.

Abstract The reassociation kinetics of Euglena gracilis DNA were carried out to determine the C o t 1 2 of the unique DNA (2000). The C o t 1 2 of the unique DNA and the amount of DNA per cell were used to show that this alga is not polyploid. Three kinetically definable classes of DNA were observed: a highly repetitive fraction, a middle repetitive fraction, and a non-repetitive fraction. Each fraction of DNA was characterized by its melting properties ( T m ).
Blocking of incidental information in young children

Abstract Methods of increasing learning efficiency through a blocking technique were examined in young children. An experimental group of children was trained on an initial task with one relevant dimension, followed by redundancy training in which an incidental dimension also became relevant. A control group given only redundancy training was compared to this group to test how much the experimental subjects blocked or screened out the incidental dimension. In order to increase blocking, three methods were used: a preset transfer problem, an overtraining on the initial task, and a delay following training. The most important finding was increased blocking through the Preset Condition. Overtraining and Delay Conditions had no effect. In addition, more slow learners on the initial task learned about the incidental dimension than fast or intermediate learners. Also, fewer subjects given form on the initial task learned about the incidental dimension than those given color. The Combined Blocking, Delay, and Overtraining group showed partial blocking, while the Preset group demonstrated complete blocking. No developmental differences occurred. The results were interpreted using a modification of Trabasso and Bower's attention model ( Attention in learning: Theory and research . New York: Wiley, 1968).
Masochistic Dreams: A Gender-Related Diathesis for Depression Revisited

Masochistic dreams, as defined by Beck (1967), are reportedly more prevalent among women and individuals with past or present depression. However, it is unclear whether these prevalence differences are a function of depressogenic personality traits or fluctuating mood symptoms. In the present study, 30 men and 30 women without histories of major depression slept two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory and reported their dreams from each REM period on the second night. Dream content from this sample was compared to that of 60 depressed participants who were studied previously under the same protocol. Analyses did not support a heightened prevalence of masochistic dreams among women or depressed individuals. Interestingly, the masochistic dreams of the non-depressed sample were equally distributed across the night, whereas depressed individuals tend to report masochistic dreams closer to morning. This hypothesized pattern suggests that masochistic dreams may be pathognomic of depression in that their occurrence near the end of the night affects morning mood with negative dream residue.