cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Derivation of the ion sphere slowing-down expression for inertial confinement fusion

In the early stages of the burn of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target, the plasma parameter g can be greater than one, indicating that the number of electrons in a Debye cube is less than one. Under these conditions, the assumptions used in the classical plasma treatment are not valid. A fusion product slowing-down model is derived for strongly coupled non-classical plasmas and is compared with the classical slowing-down expression. A simple expression for interpolation between the classical region and the nonclassical region is proposed. The effect that this new slowing-down expression has on the burn of ICF targets is investigated in a companion paper.
A screened indicator of methyl orange with sulfonated copper phthalocyanine

Copper phthalocyanine tetra sulfonate pottasium salt, has been found to be very useful as a screening-dye to improve methyl orange end-points.
Liquid‐chromatography‐coupled SAXS for accurate sizing of aggregating proteins

Small-angle X-ray scattering and size-exclusion chromatography have been combined within a unified experimental set-up to obtain molecular size information. Besides providing simultaneous corroborative data bearing on the same question from two distinct experimental techniques, passing the samples over a gel filtration column immediately prior to illumination by X-rays provides both a more homogeneous sample and a continuous set of data as the concentration is extrapolated to zero. This greatly facilitates analysis of data from oligomerizing or aggregating proteins and increases the reliability of the results.
Heterostructured IrO2/Au Nanowire Electrodes and Unit Recordings From Hippocampal Rat Brain

This research presents the development of neural recording electrodes with high sensitivity using nanotechnology and the evaluation of their electrochemical sensing properties. Neural electrodes with heterostructured IrO2/Au nanowires have been fabricated on a flexible needle probe using a polyimide substrate. The outer, functional layer of the nanoelectrodes was made with a thin iridium oxide layer on vertically aligned Au nanowire cores providing low impedance and high charge storage capacity, which can enhance neural sensing and stimulating efficiency. Acute recording from the hippocampus of a rat brain has confirmed the neural sensing functionality of the heterostructured nanowire electrodes.
What once was old is new again.

Through seminars and continuing educational opportunities, recently certified Lamaze childbirth educators beginning their teaching careers have learned of the changes in birth practices over the past 50 years. However, they may not have heard the personal stories about the locations and conditions in which Lamaze educators first taught. In this column, five childbirth educators share their memories of the birthing climate, teaching strategies, class populations, and other aspects of Lamaze childbirth education 50 years ago and how the “old ways” compare with today's classes. Their stories not only provide an important, historical perspective to build on the past and improve future educational opportunities for expectant women and their families but also illustrate Lamaze's ongoing efforts to promote natural, safe, and healthy birth practices.
Regulation of expression of class II major histocompatibility antigens on human peripheral blood monocytes and langerhans cells by interferon

Although normal peripheral blood monocytes from different individuals are primarily DR+ (L243), they vary in the mean expression of L243 and the percentage of cells with detectable Leu-10 (DC/DS) and L03 (D). All three species of human recombinant IFNs enhance Ia expression on normal peripheral blood monocytes; however, r-IFN-gamma is much more effective in enhancing the expression of these three class II antigens in vitro than r-IFN-beta or r-IFN-alpha A. In addition, r-IFN-gamma has a more profound effect on the expression of Leu-10 (DC/DS), an antigen critical for presentation in autologous MLR, than on L243 (DR). Adherent monocytes cultured for 5 days develop macrophage characteristics and become strongly positive for all three of these class II antigens without further manipulation. Isolated skin Langerhans cells which are thought to be antigen presenting cells in the epidermis are also strongly positive for all three of these Ia antigens and are unaffected by IFN treatment. Therefore, this early interferon effect on cell surface expression may be the result of enhancing the maturation of monocytes to mature antigen presenting cells.
Visits To Retail Clinics Grew Fourfold From 2007 To 2009, Although Their Share Of Overall Outpatient Visits Remains Low

Retail clinics have rapidly become a fixture of the US health care delivery landscape. We studied visits to retail clinics and found that they increased fourfold from 2007 to 2009, with an estimated 5.97 million retail clinic visits in 2009 alone. Compared with retail clinic patients in 2000–06, patients in 2007–09 were more likely to be age sixty-five or older (14.7 percent versus 7.5 percent). Preventive care—in particular, the influenza vaccine—was a larger component of care for patients at retail clinics in 2007–09, compared to patients in 2000–06 (47.5 percent versus 21.8 percent). Across all retail clinic visits, 44.4 percent in 2007–09 were on the weekend or during weekday hours when physician offices are typically closed. The rapid growth of retail clinics makes it clear that they are meeting a patient need. Convenience and after-hours accessibility are possible drivers of this growth. However, retail clinics make up a small share of overall visits in the outpatient setting, which include 117 mill...
Are We Moral Debtors

All my life people been telling me I have a moral obligation. Before the war I had a moral obligation to fight Fascism. During the war I owed it to my country to join the army. After the war it was my duty to work for peace, integration, decent housing and better television programs. So I can't be for something because it's just right anymore. I got to be for it because I'd owe somebody if I wasn't. I feel as if I'm living in a moral debtors' prison.
Vehicle crash modelling using recurrent neural networks

The initial velocity and structural characteristics of any vehicle are the main factors affecting the vehicle response in case of frontal impact. Finite Element (FE) simulations are essential tools for crashworthiness analysis, however, the FE models are getting bigger, which increases the simulation time and cost. In the current research, an advanced Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to store the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the vehicle structure. Therefore, several impact scenarios can be analyzed quickly with much less computational cost by using the trained networks. The equation of motion of the dynamic system was used to define the inputs and outputs of the ANN. The system dynamics was included in the network performance and the recurrent back-propagation learning rule was adapted in training the network. The results of the numerical examples indicated that the recurrent ANN can accurately capture the frontal crash characteristics of the impacting structures, and predict the crash performance of the same structures for any other crash scenario within the training limits.
Unresolved Grief and Continuing Bonds: An Attachment Perspective

Much of the contemporary bereavement literature on the continuing bond to the deceased (CB) has emphasized its adaptiveness and given limited attention to when it may be maladaptive. The attachment literature on disorganized-unresolved attachment classification in relation to loss, or "unresolved loss," is informative in identifying CB expressions that are indicative of failure to integrate the death of a loved one. In this article, an important linkage is identified between a prominent indicator of unresolved loss that involves a lapse in the monitoring of reasoning implying disbelief that the person is dead and the clinical writings of J. Bowlby (1980) and V. D. Volkan (1981) on maladaptive variants of CB expression. The aim is to highlight the value of the attachment literature on unresolved loss in clarifying the conditions under which CB is likely to be maladaptive.
The use of animal models for comparative studies of lead poisoning.

(1973). The Use of Animal Models for Comparative Studies of Lead Poisoning. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 419-424.
An Optimal Inequality and Extremal Classes of Affine Spheres in Centroaffine Geometry

A hypersurface f : M → Rn+1 in an affine (n+1)-space is called centroaffine if its position vector is always transversal to f*(TM) in Rn+1. In this paper, we establish a general optimal inequality for definite centroaffine hypersurfaces in Rn+1 involving the Tchebychev vector field. We also completely classify the hypersurfaces which verify the equality case of the inequality.
Long term subclinical effects of parainfluenza (sendai) infection on immune cells of aging mice.

SummaryThe long-term effects of subclinical parainfluenza virus infection on the immune system of eight strains and hybrids of aging mice were studied. The results demonstrated that 55 of the 63 weight, cellular, activity, and autoimmune indices tested were abnormal as late as 8 months after disappearance of clinical symptoms. Probably the most significant changes were the increase in the fragility of T and B cells and decrease in their proliferative capacities, which were associated with an increase in susceptibility to autoimmune disease. The long term sequelae of the viral infection including autoimmune disease were most severe in immunologically immature young, immunodepressed adult, and immunologically deficient old mice; e.g., the mortality of adult mice rendered T cell deficient by either thymectomy alone or thymectomy followed by irradiation-bone marrow reconstitution was about 5% for both groups prior to infection and increased to 30 and 80%, respectively, after infection. All old mice converted ...
The Complicating Factor of Life Cycles in Corporate Venturing

Does family matter in corporate venturing? Converting the question, can a family firm survive without corporate venturing? Life cycle theory contends that it is normal for an organization to form, ...
Wearable sensor for continuously vigilant spatial and depth-resolved perfusion imaging

Direct characterization of blood perfusion in tissue is critical to a broad spectrum of applications in assessing circulatory disorders, wound conditions and ensuring outcomes of treatment. The rapid evolution of these conditions and their great risk for subjects require a continuously vigilant monitoring technology. This paper presents a wireless health platform providing the first wearable blood perfusion imager. This system, the Perfusion Oxygenation Monitor (POM), introduces sensing diversity by combining array methods and multispectral methods, as well as sensor and emitter distribution and operation scheduling. The principles of photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensing exploited by new methods will enable care providers to actively monitor blood perfusion at multiple anatomical sites for characterization and tracking of perfusion critical to tissue health, wound status and healing, formation of pressure ulcers, and circulation conditions. The POM system is described here along with its experimental validation. Experimental validation has been provided by a direct probing method based on physiological thermoregulatory response that induces perfusion change and is directly measured by POM. The demonstration of the POM system will also be supplemented by an analysis of the end to end system including sensor information processing, feature detection, Wireless Health data transport, and archive structure.
C. elegans Germ Cells Switch between Distinct Modes of Double-Strand Break Repair During Meiotic Prophase Progression

Chromosome inheritance during sexual reproduction relies on deliberate induction of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and repair of a subset of these breaks as interhomolog crossovers (COs). Here we provide a direct demonstration, based on our analysis of rad-50 mutants, that the meiotic program in Caenorhabditis elegans involves both acquisition and loss of a specialized mode of double-strand break repair (DSBR). In premeiotic germ cells, RAD-50 is not required to load strand-exchange protein RAD-51 at sites of spontaneous or ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DSBs. A specialized meiotic DSBR mode is engaged at the onset of meiotic prophase, coincident with assembly of meiotic chromosome axis structures. This meiotic DSBR mode is characterized both by dependence on RAD-50 for rapid accumulation of RAD-51 at DSB sites and by competence for converting DSBs into interhomolog COs. At the mid-pachytene to late pachytene transition, germ cells undergo an abrupt release from the meiotic DSBR mode, characterized by reversion to RAD-50-independent loading of RAD-51 and loss of competence to convert DSBs into interhomolog COs. This transition in DSBR mode is dependent on MAP kinase-triggered prophase progression and coincides temporally with a major remodeling of chromosome architecture. We propose that at least two developmentally programmed switches in DSBR mode, likely conferred by changes in chromosome architecture, operate in the C. elegans germ line to allow formation of meiotic crossovers without jeopardizing genomic integrity. Our data further suggest that meiotic cohesin component REC-8 may play a role in limiting the activity of SPO-11 in generating meiotic DSBs and that RAD-50 may function in counteracting this inhibition.
Political instability and economic fluctuations in the Republic of Korea

This paper investigates the interaction between political instability and economic fluctuations during the late President Chung Hee Park's regime. The timings and outcomes of the elections are juxtaposed with the phases of business cycles and analyzed. Since no Korean data that are comparable to Gallup poll popularity indices for the U.S. Presidents exist, indices to measure popular discontent with Park's regime and to measure international tensions are devised. These indices are statistically analyzed with economic indicators for the business cycles, and with economic policy measures.
Opioid Use, Satisfaction, and Pain Intensity After Orthopedic Surgery.

Background Patients in other countries use fewer opioids than patients in the United States with satisfactory pain relief. Objective This study tested the null hypothesis that opioid intake after orthopedic surgery does not influence satisfaction with pain management. Methods A total of 232 orthopedic surgical inpatients completed measures of pain self-efficacy and symptoms of depression at enrollment and commonly used measures of pain intensity, satisfaction with pain relief, and satisfaction with hospital staff attention to pain approximately 14 days after surgery. Inpatient opioid intake per 24-hour period was quantified. Results At a phone evaluation approximately 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital, patients who were always satisfied with their pain relief in hospital and always satisfied with staff attention to pain used significantly less opioids on day 1 compared with patients who were not always satisfied. There were no differences in satisfaction by type of surgery. The final multivariable model for not always satisfied with pain relief included greater opioid use on day 1 (odds ratio = 1.2), and preadmission diagnosis of depression (odds ratio = 2.6). Greater opioid use on day 1 was the only factor associated with less than always satisfied with the staff attention to pain relief (odds ratio = 1.3). Conclusions Patients who take more opioids report less satisfaction with pain relief and greater pain intensity. Evidence-based interventions to increase self-efficacy merit additional study for the management of postoperative pain. Level of Evidence Prognostic, Level 1.
High energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot badronic gas

Abstract Photons in the energy range of about one-half to several GeV have been proposed as a signal of the formation of quark-gluon plasma in high energy collisions. To lowest order the thermal emission rate is infrared divergent for massless quarks, but we regulate this divergence using the resummation technique of Braaten and Pisarski. Photons can also be produced in the hadron phase. We find that the dominant contribution comes from the reactions ππ → ϱγ and πϱ → πγ ; the decays ω → πγ and ϱ → ππγ are also significant. Comparing the thermal emission rates at temperatures of order 150–200 MeV we conclude that the hadron gas shines just as brightly as quark-gluon plasma.
The medical device industry and the biomedical engineer: current status and future trends

The role of new and existing technology in the development of medical devices is examined. The impact of competition and economic and regulatory pressures is assessed. The identification of clinical needs is discussed. These include the needs to reduce liability, find less invasive alternatives to surgery, improve the quality of life, and prevent disease. Career opportunities are considered in some detail. >
Emergence as a process of self‐organizing ‐ New assumptions and insights from the study of non‐linear dynamic systems

Complexity researchers have identified four basic assumptions underlying non‐linear dynamic systems (NDS): the assumption that change is a constant; the assumption that emergent systems are not reducible to their parts; the assumption of mutual dependence; and the assumption that complex systems behave in non‐proportional ways. In this paper I use these new assumptions as a basis for explaining why order emerges in organizations, and for uncovering a three‐stage process model of complex adaptive systems change (CASC). The insights from these NDS models are revealed through examples from two entrepreneurial firms undergoing transformative shifts in their development. These assumptions of NDS and the model of CASC may therefore be useful for understanding order creation and self‐organizing processes in work groups, project ventures, and organizations.
The energy cost and heart-rate response of trained and untrained subjects walking and running in shoes and boots

Abstract To determine the difference in the energy cost of walking and running in a lightweight athletic shoe and a heavier boot, fourteen male subjects (six trained and eight untrained) has their oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2) measured while walking and running on a treadmill. They wore each type of footwear, athletic shoes of the subjects' choice (average weight per pair = 616 g) and leather military boots (average weight per pair = 1776g), at three walking speeds (4·0, 5·6 and 7·3 km hour−1) and three running speeds (8·9, 10·5 and 12·1 km hour−1). The trials for running were repeated at the same three speeds with the subjects wearing shoes and these shoes plus lead weights. The weight of the shoes plus the lead weights was equal to the weight of the subjects' boots. The [Vdot]O2values with boots were significantly (p < 0·05) higher (5·9−10·2%) at all speeds, except the slowest walk, 4·0 km hour−1Also, [Vdot]O2with shoes plus lead weights were significantly (p<0·05) higher than shoes alone. Weight alone appea...
Enhanced resistance to Plasmodium berghei in mice previously infected with Trichinella spiralis

Infection with Trichinella spiralis larvae greatly enhanced the resistance of adult mice against fatal infection with Plasmodium berghei given 10 and 30 days after T. spiralis infection. Mice infected with T. spiralis had a markedly activated mononuclear phagocytic system and significantly low reticulocyte levels at the time the mice were challenged with P. berghei. Therefore, the partially subdued parasitaemia and prolonged survival of Trichinella-Plasmodium-infected mice may be attributed, in part, to macrophage activity and reticulocytopenia exerting a specific anti-P. berghei effect. This study suggests the role of T. spiralis induced reticulocytopenia and activated macrophages as potential mechanisms in resistance to P. berghei infection.
Imagining worse than reality: comparing beliefs and intentions between disaster evacuees and survey respondents

We often credit disasters, and their coverage in the media, with changes in the public perception of risk associated with low-probability, high-consequence events (LPHCs). With a change in perceptions, we also expect changes in beliefs, preferences, and behaviors. Do beliefs and behaviors change in different ways for people who live through these LPHC critical events, as opposed to people who observe them? This study compares hypothetical hurricanes with actual hurricane effects in a survey quasi-experiment. Findings indicate that hypothetical disasters induce stronger reactions than those experienced in the natural world, as Hurricane Katrina bystanders imagine themselves incurring much higher damages, and being much less likely to return to live in their hurricane-damaged homes, than actual Hurricane Katrina evacuees. Ultimately, respondents considering a hypothetical low-probability, high-consequence event exhibit exaggerated beliefs and opposite decisions of those who actually lived through one of the...
Multiple roles for the E/Daughterless ortholog HLH-2 during C. elegans gonadogenesis.

Abstract HLH-2 is the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the Drosophila Daughterless and mammalian E basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcriptional activators that function during diverse events during animal development. HLH-2 has been implicated in cell fate specification in different neural lineages and in the LIN-12/Notch-mediated anchor cell (AC)/ventral uterine precursor cell (VU) decision in the somatic gonad. Here, we show that hlh-2 plays several distinct roles during somatic gonadogenesis. Our analysis suggests that hlh-2 is required to endow specific somatic gonadal cells with the competence to undergo the AC/VU decision, as well as functioning in the AC/VU decision per se; this novel “proAC” role appears to be analogous to the proneural role of Drosophila Daughterless. In addition to its two distinct roles in the specification of the AC, hlh-2 is also required for correct differentiation and function of the AC. hlh-2 also acts at an independent point in the gonadal lineage both to specify distal tip cells (DTCs) and in DTC differentiation and function.
Acute complications associated with shoulder dislocation at an academic Emergency Department

Shoulder dislocation is the most frequent dislocation treated in the Emergency Department (ED). Orthopedic literature cites up to a 55% incidence of fracture, vascular or neurologic injury associated with this injury, but these studies suffer from referral bias. No large ED series has been reported. This retrospective chart review was conducted in an academic ED for patients with shoulder dislocation presenting July 1, 1995-June 30, 2000. There were 263 charts identified; 73 were miscoded and 5 were lost, leaving 190 for analysis. Mean age was 34.3 years. Fifty-five patients had at least one fracture (29%), 48 of which (76%) were of the Hill-Sachs type. Despite presence of a fracture, all shoulders underwent successful ED reduction. Sensory nerve deficits were found in 24 (12.6%), which persisted after reduction in 25% of these patients. No vascular injuries were identified. The finding of fracture in 33% of patients with shoulder dislocation is in the range of rates reported in the orthopedic literature (15-55%). The finding that, despite the presence of a fracture, all underwent successful closed reduction is important, as one-third of these patients will have this condition. Neurologic deficits in 12% is significantly lower than the 21-65% reported in the orthopedic literature. Although complications associated with shoulder dislocation were relatively common, they did not significantly affect ED management.
Inefficiency in Repeated Cournot Oligopoly Games

A widely accepted view says that Folk Theorem holds in the repeated Cournot oligopoly games with imperfect price signals satisfying generic conditions. We show that this view is not justified. We argue that maintaining asymptotic joint monopoly outcome is not possible with noisy price signals. When firms have the choice of increasing outputs at equilibrium as a deviation strategy, it is not possible to maintain such collusive outcome, even if the discount rate is close to 1.
The engine of the reef: photobiology of the coral-algal symbiosis

Coral reef ecosystems thrive in tropical oligotrophic oceans because of the relationship between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae called Symbiodinium. Symbiodinium convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into organic carbon and oxygen to fuel coral growth and calcification, creating habitat for these diverse and productive ecosystems. Light is thus a key regulating factor shaping the productivity, physiology and ecology of the coral holobiont. Similar to all oxygenic photoautotrophs, Symbiodinium must safely harvest sunlight for photosynthesis and dissipate excess energy to prevent oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is caused by environmental stressors such as those associated with global climate change, and ultimately leads to breakdown of the coral-algal symbiosis known as coral bleaching. Recently, large-scale coral bleaching events have become pervasive and frequent threatening and endangering coral reefs. Because the coral-algal symbiosis is the biological engine producing the reef, the future of coral reef ecosystems depends on the ecophysiology of the symbiosis. This review examines the photobiology of the coral-algal symbiosis with particular focus on the photophysiological responses and timescales of corals and Symbiodinium. Additionally, this review summarizes the light environment and its dynamics, the vulnerability of the symbiosis to oxidative stress, the abiotic and biotic factors influencing photosynthesis, the diversity of the coral-algal symbiosis and recent advances in the field. Studies integrating physiology with the developing “omics” fields will provide new insights into the coral-algal symbiosis. Greater physiological and ecological understanding of the coral-algal symbiosis is needed for protection and conservation of coral reefs.
A genomic data viewer for iPad

The Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) for iPad, based on the popular IGV application for desktop and laptop computers, supports researchers who wish to take advantage of the mobility of today’s tablet computers to view genomic data and present findings to colleagues.
NUCLEOTIDE POOLS IN NOVIKOFF RAT HEPATOMA CELLS GROWING IN SUSPENSION CULTURE: III. Effects of Nucleosides in Medium on Levels of Nucleotides in Separate Nucleotide Pools for Nuclear and Cytoplasmic RNA Synthesis

This study was undertaken to measure the absolute levels of nucleoside pools in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells (subline N1S1-67) during growth in suspension culture in the presence of high concentrations of various nucleosides in the medium, and to obtain further evidence for the compartmentalization of the nucleotides in independent cytoplasmic and nuclear pools. The levels of nucleotide pools were measured by growing the cells in medium supplemented with inorganic phosphate-32P. The nucleotide pool levels (mostly in the form of triphosphates) ranged from about 1 nmole of cytidine nucleotides to 8 nmole of adenosine nucleotides per 106 cells. The presence of 1 mM uridine, cytidine, guanosine, or adenosine in the medium resulted in marked increases in the intracellular levels of the corresponding nucleoside phosphates of at least 3–4 nmole/1O6 cells. These increases were partially compensated for by decreases in the levels of other nucleotides. Evidence is presented to indicate that it is the cytoplasmic pool that expands during incubation with high concentrations of nucleosides in the medium, whereas the nuclear pool remains constant and very small in size. Preincubation of cells with 1 mM uridine-3H for 5.5 hr, which resulted in a threefold increase in the total intracellular level of uridine nucleotides, had no effect on the subsequent incorporation of uridine-14C into cellular nucleic acids in the nucleus, whether present at a 1 µM or 1 mM concentration in the medium. In contrast, the incorporation of uridine-14C into cytoplasmic viral-specific RNA by mengovirus-infected Novikoff cells was reduced 60–70% as a result of preincubation of the cells with high concentrations of uridine-3H. Further, within 1–2 min upon addition of 2.5 or 6.5 µM 3H-labeled uridine, cytidine, adenosine, guanosine, or inosine to cultures of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells, the incorporation of label into nucleic acids reached a constant and maximum rate, in spite of the presence of high intracellular concentrations (0.4–3 mM) of the corresponding unlabeled nucleoside triphosphates. Marked differences were also observed in the relative incorporation of the various nucleosides into the different nucleotides of the acid-soluble pool, and of mengovirus RNA and cellular RNA.
Clinical and Medicoeconomic Impact of the Cyclosporine-Diltiazem Interaction in Renal Transplant Recipients

The effect of the diltiazem-cyclosporine interaction on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacoeconomics was studied in 10 recipients of renal allografts. Each subject was studied while receiving diltiazem 60 mg twice/day and while not taking the drug. After achieving steady-state conditions, cyclosporine and metabolite concentrations were determined in whole blood from samples drawn after the morning cyclosporine dose. After pharmacokinetic analysis, all patients were followed for 6 months during treatment with cyclosporine plus diltiazem or cyclosporine alone. Cyclosporine blood clearance decreased significantly after treatment with diltiazem (18.0-11.0 ml/min.kg; p = 0.008). The apparent volume of cyclosporine distribution also decreased significantly (4.26-2.62 L/kg; p < 0.05). After 6 months, diltiazem had no effect on renal function indexes, and no apparent effect on immunosuppression. Alterations in cyclosporine clearance and apparent volume of distribution secondary to diltiazem result in dosage reduction and potential cost savings in transplant pharmacotherapy. The mean decrease in cyclosporine dosage requirements would produce a cost saving of $1520 or 28% per patient per year.
A dynamic PEM fuel cell model

This paper proposes a relatively simple, physically motivated, dynamic electrical terminal model of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The dynamic model is obtained by extending a static current voltage description to include temperature dependence, and by dynamically modeling the temperature of the membrane. Model performance is validated using experimental data collected from a 500-W commercial PEM stack.
Getting started in CBPR- Lessons in building community partnerships for new researchers

There is a growing interest in community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods to address issues of health disparities. Although the success of CBPR is dependent upon the formation of community-researcher partnerships, new researchers as well as seasoned investigators who are transitioning to CBPR often lack the skills needed to develop and maintain these partnerships. The purpose of the article is to discuss the competencies needed by new researchers to form successful CBPR partnerships. The author presents a series of strategic steps that are useful in establishing academic-community partnerships and in initiating, maintaining and sustaining CBPR projects. These steps include suggestions regarding community engagement, selection of community advisory board members, outreach, the community's role in problem identification, selection of research methodologies, considerations related to the community setting, need for flexibility and patience, 'insider vs. outsider' conflicts, commitment and training issues, timing concerns for tenure-track faculty and the process of community empowerment. Community-based participatory research is both rewarding and time consuming, for both the researcher and members of the community. Given its promise to address health disparities, it is imperative that researchers acquire the skills needed to develop and cultivate durable community-researcher partnerships.
Differential effect of imipenem treatment on wild-type and NK cell-deficient CD8 knockout mice during acute intra-abdominal injury.

CD8 knockout mice depleted of natural killer (NK) cells by treatment with anti-asialoGM1 (CD8KO/αAsGM1 mice) are resistant to injury caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). However, CLP-induce...
Respiratory function during pressure support ventilation.

Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a pressure assist form of mechanical ventilatory support that augments the patient's spontaneous inspiratory efforts with a clinician selected level of positive airway pressure. To understand the effects of PSV on respiratory function, experiments were performed on 15 stable patients requiring synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), as well as on a mechanical model simulating these patients’ ventilatory systems. In the clinical study, gas exchange, airway pressures, blood pressure and heart rate were measured while SIMV was replaced by enough PSV to approximate the baseline SIMV tidal volume ( Vt ). Measurements were repeated while this PSV level was then reduced in three 5 cm H2O steps every 10 to 15 minutes. It was found that PSV was a reasonable form of mechanical ventilatory support in patients with spontaneous ventilatory drives. It improves patient comfort, reduces the patient's ventilatory work, and provides a more balanced pressure and volume change form of muscle work to the patient. The clinical significance of these properties during the weaning process remain to be determined.
Selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition imparts beneficial effects in Huntington's disease mice: implications for the ubiquitin–proteasomal and autophagy systems

We previously demonstrated that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, 4b, which preferentially targets HDAC1 and HDAC3, ameliorates Huntington's disease (HD)-related phenotypes in different HD model systems. In the current study, we investigated extensive behavioral and biological effects of 4b in N171-82Q transgenic mice and further explored potential molecular mechanisms of 4b action. We found that 4b significantly prevented body weight loss, improved several parameters of motor function and ameliorated Huntingtin (Htt)-elicited cognitive decline in N171-82Q transgenic mice. Pathways analysis of microarray data from the mouse brain revealed gene networks involving post-translational modification, including protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination pathways, associated with 4b drug treatment. Using real-time qPCR analysis, we validated differential regulation of several genes in these pathways by 4b, including Ube2K, Ubqln, Ube2e3, Usp28 and Sumo2, as well as several other related genes. Additionally, 4b elicited increases in the expression of genes encoding components of the inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) complex. IKK activation has been linked to phosphorylation, acetylation and clearance of the Htt protein by the proteasome and the lysosome, and accordingly, we found elevated levels of phosphorylated endogenous wild-type (wt) Htt protein at serine 16 and threonine 3, and increased AcK9/pS13/pS16 immunoreactivity in cortical samples from 4b-treated mice. We further show that HDAC inhibitors prevent the formation of nuclear Htt aggregates in the brains of N171-82Q mice. Our findings suggest that one mechanism of 4b action is associated with the modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasomal and autophagy pathways, which could affect accumulation, stability and/or clearance of important disease-related proteins, such as Htt.
A Pricing Model for the Internet of Things Enabled Smart Service Systems

How can firms price their products and services, as their ecosystems get smarter? In order to answer this question, this paper provides a stylized model and its expansion to characterize industries that have become smarter and connected through the introduction of smart devices, a.k.a. the Internet of Things. First, we propose a basic model for a duopolistic multi-sided market with externality effects. Next, we expand this model to a case that considers cross-market network externalities. Our results reveal that, even if Internet of Things technologies facilitate complex multi-sided markets, there is a strategic pricing solution for firm profits. Moreover, a strategic firm can benefit from aforementioned cross-market externalities in terms of higher market share and equilibrium prices. This study not only contributes to the theories of pricing information goods, but also provides a guideline for practitioners who make pricing and other strategic decisions for the Internet of Things enabled goods and services.
Creating a Virtual Neighbor

We present the first version of our Virtual Neighbor, who can talk with users about people employed in the same institution. The Virtual Neighbor can discuss information about employees in a medium-sized company or institute with users. The system acquires information from three sources: a personnel directory database, public web-pages, and through dialogue interaction. Users can interact through face-to-face spoken dialogue, using components from the ICT Virtual human toolkit, or via a chat interface.
Polylysine enhances cationic liposome-mediated transfection of the hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2

Plasmid DNA condensed by polylysine enhanced cationic-liposome-mediated transfection of Hep G2 cells. The luciferase expression plasmid pCMVL was complexed with the polycation poly-L-lysine and mixed with liposomes that contained a 1:1 molar ratio of the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethyl-ammoniumpropane, with the neutral phospholipid 1,2-di-(cis-9-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. Polylysine enhanced cationic-liposome-mediated transfection of the hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2 9-fold compared with pCMVL complexed alone with liposomes. The ratio of cationic to anionic charge of the polylysine-pCMVL complexes, and the quantity of cationic liposomes, are important determinants for optimal transfection of Hep G2 cells.
VERY EARLY IN-STENT RESTENOSIS AFTER A BARE METAL STENT PLACEMENT

Bare metal stents (BMS) are associated with higher rates of in-stent restenosis (ISR), but this usually presents between 6 and 12 months after initial stent placement. A 68 year-old male originally presented with unstable angina, and found to have significant proximal right coronary artery stenosis
Changes in Facets of Mindfulness Predict Stress and Anger Outcomes for Police Officers

Policing is widely considered to be one of the most stressful occupations, wherein organizational and operational stressors put law enforcement officers’ (LEO) physical and mental health at risk. This stress is often experienced within a context of excessive anger, which decreases officer well-being and has the potential to negatively impact public well-being as well. Police officers are often left to manage stress and anger in a cultural context that does not support help-seeking behavior and that encourages maladaptive coping mechanisms. The current study examined whether increases in facets of mindfulness accounted for reductions in these outcomes. Results demonstrated that discrete facets of mindfulness accounted for significant differential variance in the reduction of organizational stress, operational stress, and anger. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Using the Q Methodology Approach in Human Resource Development Research

The ProblemTo better understand Human Resource Development (HRD), it is critical to understand human behavior and perspectives on subjective topics. Q methodology provides a view of subjectivity from the point of view that is self-referenced.The SolutionThis article provides a description of a method to identify similarities and differences in the subjective perceptions across a sample. This is distinctly different from traditional factor analysis that examines correlation between items. A step-by-step description of Q methodology is included that describes defining the concourse, developing the Q-set, selecting the P-set (sample), Q-sorting (collecting data), as well as analyzing and interpreting the data.The StakeholdersBoth researchers and practitioners will benefit by understanding how to implement and interpret Q methodology in both research and practice to understand human subjectivity. The article can be used as a guide by researchers and practitioners who want to conduct Q methodology in the field...
Application of Correlation Analysis and Improved BP Network in Dam monitoring forecast

An optimization program is proposed for multi-effect analysis credibility problem on dam safety monitoring prediction model caused by correlation of impact factors and nonlinear dynamic system characteristics.First,correlation analysis is taken with all varieties to get dimension reduction and principal components on which a BP neural network regression model could be built Then,weights and thresholds coefficients of network are solved based on artificial particle swarm optimization algorithm.Compared with stepwise regression,BP NN regression,this model has better fitting results,forecast accuracy and higher robustness,which shows some significance of dam state evaluation and engineering practicability.
Reformulating Aggregate Queries Using Views.

We propose an algorithm to reformulate aggregate queries using views in a data integration LAV setting. Our algorithm considers a special case of reformulations where aggregates in the query are expressed as views over aggregates in the view definitions. Although the problem of determining whether two queries are equivalent is undecidable, our algorithm returns an equivalent rewriting if one exists.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists attenuate estrogen/progesterone-induced hyperprolactinemia in monkeys

Previous studies have documented that exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates prolactin (PRL) secretion and augments thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced PRL release. Further, the concomitant pulsatile release of PRL and luteinizing hormone (LH) suggests that GnRH may be an important regulator of PRL release in certain physiologic states. The authors explored this possibility by evaluating the effect of a GnRH antagonist ([Ac-pClPhe1, pClPhe2, DTrp3, DAla10]-GnRH; GnRH-antagonist) on PRL secretion in monkeys with induced hyperprolactinemia. Monkeys were given estradiol (E2) benzoate 25 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM) on cycle days 1 to 28, and a 3-cm progesterone (P) silastic capsule was placed on cycle day 15 and removed on day 28. On cycle days 15 to 28, monkeys were given IM injections of 1 mg/kg GnRH-antagonist (n = 3), 2 mg/kg GnRH-antagonist (n = 3), or vehicle (n = 3). Daily blood samples were assayed for E2, P, and PRL. The degree of PRL elevation was calculated as percent increase in area under the curve for days 15 to 28 when compared with days 1 through 14 (baseline). Luteinizing hormone levels were calculated similarly. Results indicate a dose-dependent effect of GnRH-antagonist on PRL secretion, with the larger dose producing a significantly lower hyperprolactinemic response, as well as a decline in LH. Thus, GnRH-antagonist attenuates induced hyperprolactinemia in a dose similar to that which suppresses LH release. These findings suggest that GnRH is a physiologic regulator of pituitary PRL secretion. In addition, GnRH analogs may be of benefit in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation by attenuating gonadotropin-induced hyperprolactinemia, thereby reducing potential adverse effects on fertility.
[Diagnostic procedures in chronic heart failure. What is necessary, significant, contraindicated?].

The most common causes of the heart failure syndrome are coronary heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, secondary decompensated hypertension and cardiac defects. Apart from the establishment of the diagnosis, essential diagnostic aims are the clarification of the etiology, the identification of reversible causes, the clarification of specific therapeutic options, assessment of severity and evaluation of the prognosis. A standardized diagnostic work-up based on current consensus recommendations, makes good sense. Symptoms and clinical findings have limited sensitivity and specificity. The leading diagnostic procedure is (Doppler) echocardiography. In the case of ischemic cardiomyopathy, the angiographic coronary status and myocardial vitality evaluation are necessary to clarify the revascularisation option. Further diagnostic examinations (invasive hemodynamics, myocardial biopsy, CT/MRI, ergospirometry, markers of neurohormonal activation) should be carried out as dictated by the individual situation. In patients with an increased risk of developing heart failure (e.g. post-myocardial infarction status, essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus) the aim should be the early detection of an asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction by means of echocardiography.
Social anxiety and post-event processing among African-American individuals.

ABSTRACTBackground: Social anxiety is among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, yet little attention has been paid to whether putative cognitive vulnerability factors related to social anxiety in predominantly White samples are related to social anxiety among historically underrepresented groups.Design: We tested whether one such vulnerability factor, post-event processing (PEP; detailed review of social event that can increase state social anxiety) was related to social anxiety among African-American (AA; n = 127) persons, who comprise one of the largest underrepresented racial groups in the U.S. Secondarily, we tested whether AA participants differed from non-Hispanic White participants (n = 127) on PEP and social anxiety and whether race moderated the relation between PEP and social anxiety.Method: Data were collected online among undergraduates.Results: PEP was positively correlated with social anxiety among AA participants, even after controlling for depression and income, pr = .30, p = .001. ...
Introduction to the Simplex Method

In this chapter, we will learn the Simplex Method, which is a widely used technique for solving linear programs. Even though the notation can be a bit daunting, the technique is actually quite simple. Just keep in mind that the Simplex Method essentially involves iterative application of the ratio test (which you already know) and the pivot operation (which we are about to cover).
Double beta decay of 82Se.

Pairs of negative beta particles have been observed originating from a $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$ source during a cloud-chamber search for double beta decay. Backgrounds recognized in previous experiments were suppressed to well below the observed event rate, and no other significant backgrounds are apparent. Within the limited statistics of the small data sample, the observed single-electron energy spectrum, the two-electron sum energy spectrum, and the opening angle distribution are consistent with expectation for neutrino-accompanied double beta decay of $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$. The tentative assignment of the observed events to double beta decay, results in a $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$ half-life of (1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ years, in good agreement with some very recent theoretical predictions. However, the result is in serious disagreement with the much longer half-lives measured in geochemical experiments. A planned follow-up experiment is described.RADIOACTIVITY $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay $^{82}\mathrm{Se}$; measured ${I}_{\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}}$; deduced ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$.