cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning to Patent: Institutional Experience, Learning, and the Characteristics of U.S. University Patents After the Bayh-Dole Act, 1981-1992

pre-1980 patenting experience display no decline in importance and generality after 1980. Based on their analysis of a larger sample of patents issued to experienced and inexperienced academic patenters before and after 1980, Mowery and Ziedonis conclude that any changes in the characteristics of U.S. university patents after 1980 are due in large part to entry, rather than to changes in university culture. The Mowery-Ziedonis findings leave open the possibility that the characteristics of patents issued to less experienced academic patenters after 1980 might improve during the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s as these institutions gain experience in patenting the inventions of their faculty. This paper examines “university learning” in greater detail, seeking to understand whether and why the importance (based on citations to these patents) of the post-1980 patents issuing to less experienced academic patenters has improved during the 1980s and 1990s. We first analyze trends during the 1980s and 1990s in the characteristics of the patents issuing to experienced “incumbent” academic patenters (universities with at least six patents issued during 1975–1980) and “entrants” (institutions that obtained fewer than six patents during the same period). We then test for the influence of several potential sources of learning for entrants, including cumulative patenting, links with the Research Corporation (an organization established in 1912 that during the 1940–1980 period was an important manager of the patenting and licensing activities of nearly 200 U.S. universities), and the
A New Generation Cordless Electric Tooling

Following the trend in automotive manufacturing, electric cordless tooling platforms are gradually being adopted for aerospace assembly tool systems. This paper introduces a new portable aerospace fastener assembly tool system based on the cordless electric technology platform. These systems are significantly more accurate than traditional pneumatic–based assembly tool systems and offer a range of process monitoring options. Cordless assembly tool systems make the assembly process easier, faster, safer and more accurate. These systems have the ability to provide traceability with time & date stamp for each installed fastener and provide wireless communication to enable process monitoring in real time. A comparison with traditional aerospace tool systems is made, in terms of historical evolution and working performance. Lessons learned from automotive applications are brought to aerospace industry. Key benefits include better ergonomics, improved accessibility, productivity and cost. The adaptability of these new assembly tools to different families of fastening systems is also presented.
Strength Of Very Slender Beams

Response to lateral loads and twisting couples is affected by presence of bending moments in plane of major stiffness; resulting nonlinear theory discussed; inclusion of nonlinear terms in strain displacement relations corresponds generally to stiffening of structure as compared with familiar linear theory; theory presented is corroborated experimentally with fair degree of accuracy.
The Relationship of Cerebral Vessel Pathology to Brain Microinfarcts

The relationship of cerebral vessel pathology to brain microinfarcts is not fully understood. We examined associations of cerebral vessel pathology with microinfarcts among community-dwelling persons who came to autopsy. Brain specimens were derived from 1,066 deceased subjects (mean age-at-death = 88 years, 65% women) participating in a cohort study of aging. Microinfarcts were classified by number, age and location. Severity of vessel pathologies was graded semi-quantitatively. Almost a third of subjects (n = 300; 28%) had at least one chronic microinfarct, including 128 cortical only, 120 subcortical only, and 47 with both. Moderate-to-severe atherosclerosis was present in 430 (41%) subjects, arteriolosclerosis in 382 (36%), and amyloid angiopathy in 374 (35%). The odds of one or multiple microinfarct(s) was increased for more severe atherosclerosis (OR =1.22; 95%CI: 1.03-1.45), arteriolosclerosis (OR =1.18; 95%CI: 1.02-1.37) and amyloid angiopathy (OR =1.13; 95%CI: 1.00-1.28). Separately, the odds of subcortical microinfarct(s) was increased for atherosclerosis (OR =1.49; 95%CI: 1.20-1.84) and arteriolosclerosis (OR =1.39; 95%CI: 1.16-1.67) but not amyloid angiopathy; whereas the odds of cortical microinfarct(s) was increased for amyloid angiopathy (OR =1.26; 95%CI: 1.09-1.46) only. While cerebral vessel pathologies are associated with microinfarct burden, atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis are associated with subcortical microinfarcts, and amyloid angiopathy with cortical microinfarcts.
Content analysis of efficacy descriptions on branded pharmaceutical websites

FDA’s regulation of Direct-to-Consumer pharmaceutical advertising requires fair balance between the communication of risk and benefit information. The fair balance requirement has stimulated a significant amount of research focused on the communication of risk information with much less investigation of the communication of benefit and efficacy information. This is unfortunate, since fair balance cannot be achieved if consumers do not have an accurate understanding of how well a drug works. This research uses content analysis to determine how efficacy information is communicated on branded pharmaceutical websites. The content analysis is based on the creation of a media-neutral framework for the classification of efficacy descriptions. The content analysis of 63 branded pharmaceutical websites showed that less than 5% of all drugs provide a complete, specific, and numeric description of drug efficacy while nearly 80% describe drug efficacy exclusively in vague and general terms. Implications of the findin...
Effect of Apology on Interpersonal Forgiveness and Distancing within Familial Relationships

This study examined the effect of an apology on the likelihood of forgiveness and distancing in everyday interactions within the context of family relationships. Students (n = 325) read one scenario (drug or money; relating to one offender, mother, father, older brother, or sister; and, either receiving or not receiving an apology). They then answered questions related to forgiveness and interpersonal interactions. Rendering an apology did not result in greater forgiveness on any of the scenarios or transgressors, but it did impact interpersonal distancing on the drug scenario. Interpersonal distancing was least affected for the mother, especially give and take type interactions; whereas the brother had the most to gain from an apology. Respondents showed more trust and willingness to engage in communication with their transgressors in the money scenario, but greater willingness to suggest treatment to the transgressor in the drug scenario. Situational forgiveness accounted for greater variance in interpersonal interactions than the dispositional variables of the tendency to forgive.
Predictive validity of the cognitive vs. somatic anxiety distinction.

The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of an instrument, The Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAQ), which purports to measure separately cognitive and somatic anxiety. Twelve subjects with either predominantly cognitive or somatic anxiety received a treatment that matched their predominant anxiety mode (“matched”), and twelve received a treatment which addressed the secondary anxiety mode (“mismatched”). After five sessions, the “matched” subjects reported significantly fewer anxiety symptoms than the “mismatched” subjects. The results support the predictive validity of the CSAQ, and suggest that anxiety may not be a unidimensional phenomenon. The implications of these results for clinical practice are discussed.
Interactive Storytelling Paradigms and Representations: A Humanities-Based Perspective

Interactive Storytelling is an interdisciplinary field in which the humanities meet artificial intelligence. Collaborations between scholars rooted in the humanities and the computer sciences like the one between Brenda Laurel and the OZ group at Carnegie Mellon University have had a major influence on the field. At the same time, there are indications that the relationship is often tenuous, for example, between models of narrative in the humanities and their application in computational research projects. This chapter investigates the relationship, notes challenges, and identifies opportunities for an enhanced collaboration. Additional scrutiny in understanding context and scope of narrative models in the humanities would improve access for AI researchers to the vast space of H. Koenitz (*) Department of Entertainment and Media Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA e-mail: hkoenitz@uga.edu # Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 R. Nakatsu et al. (eds.), Handbook of Digital Games and Entertainment Technologies, DOI 10.1007/978-981-4560-52-8_58-1 1 available models and allow for the codification and re-use of adaptation strategies. Simultaneously, the work of many AI researchers could be recast and recognized as contributions to narrative theory. In this regard, film theory can serve as a potential model for a narrative theory of Interactive Storytelling.
ChainFORM: A Linear Integrated Modular Hardware System for Shape Changing Interfaces

This paper presents ChainFORM: a linear, modular, actuated hardware system as a novel type of shape changing interface. Using rich sensing and actuation capability, this modular hardware system allows users to construct and customize a wide range of interactive applications. Inspired by modular and serpentine robotics, our prototype comprises identical modules that connect in a chain. Modules are equipped with rich input and output capability: touch detection on multiple surfaces, angular detection, visual output, and motor actuation. Each module includes a servo motor wrapped with a flexible circuit board with an embedded microcontroller.Leveraging the modular functionality, we introduce novel interaction capability with shape changing interfaces, such as rearranging the shape/configuration and attaching to passive objects and bodies. To demonstrate the capability and interaction design space of ChainFORM, we implemented a variety of applications for both computer interfaces and hands-on prototyping tools.
Several Atypical Presentations of TS-HDS Associated Neuropathies (P6.269)

OBJECTIVE:To present 3 cases of TS-HDS associated peripheral neuropathies which he atypical presentations. Background: TS-HDS versus IgM antibody has been reported in the literature to predominantly cause painful distal sensory > motor peripheral neuropathy. The common presentation is usually distal neuropathic pain affecting the hands or feet, predominantly. This is not extremely well-defined syndrome, to this point. Methods:Chart review of 3 cases of TS-HDS associated peripheral neuropathies was performed. Results: Three cases of atypical, slowly progressing disease were found in review of University of Missouri-Columbia health system medical record. One of the cases presented with severe intractable facial pain, initially diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia, which was followed after about 5 years with a painful upper extremity peripheral neuropathy. This neuropathy was initially primarily affecting the ulnar nerve, with excessive pain in and around the left ulnar groove. It progressed to distal greater than proximal muscle wasting about 3 years after diagnosis. A second case started with intractable occipital pain bilaterally, initially diagnosed as new daily persistent headache, and then progressed to a peripheral neuropathy and painful proximal myopathy and severely elevated CK levels. A third case presented with distal, painless muscle wasting and profound weakness with loss of pinprick sensation, but was associated with diplopia and ptosis on fatigue. Conclusions:It may be reasonable to consider TS-HDS associated pathology in cases of intractable pain syndromes, particularly trigeminal neuralgia, or new daily persistent headache. Cranial nerve lesions other than pain, such as diplopia may be associated with TS-HDS versus IgM antibody pathology. Immune modulation, such as plasmapheresis or rituximab, may be an intervention to treat cases such as those presented which were previously thought intractable. Disclosure: Dr. Lucchese has nothing to disclose.
Recovery of Coliphages from Chicken, Pork Sausage and Delicatessen Meats.

Coliphages were recovered from 18 of 18 fresh chicken and pork sausage samples as well as from 2 of 6 processed delicatessen meat samples employing a rapid technique using EC medium as both an eluent and as a modified phage assay plating medium. Coliphage recoveries ranged from approximately 3.3 to 4.4 log10, 1.2 to 3.5 log10 and zero to 2.7 log10 plaque forming units per 100 g in fresh chicken, fresh pork sausage and roast turkey breast, respectively. High coliphage levels generally reflected high fecal coliform counts, particularly for fresh meat samples. These data indicate that coliphages can be readily enumerated in foods within 16 h.
Phase II study of 131I-MIBG with vincristine and 5 days of irinotecan for patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma.

10033 Background: 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a targeted radiopharmaceutical active in neuroblastoma. A previous study demonstrated that MIBG (18 mCi/kg) could be combined with vincristi...
Strategies to Efficiently Locate Cultured Cells of Interest on Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids

Introduction In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), finding a cell of interest can be time-consuming and, given the high cost of beam time, expensive. The difficulty is exacerbated if each grid has only one cell of interest. An example might be when a particular cell has been recorded with time-lapse microscopy before and during an experimental treatment that culminated in fixation. The sample may even have been subjected to post-fixation immuno-TEM procedures, increasing the importance of locating the cell. Here we report a strategy for finding our targets expeditiously.
Teaching Mass and Energy Balances by Experiment

A general tank-draining problem was used as an experimental project in two undergraduate-level chemical engineering courses. The project aimed to illustrate the critical nature of experimentation in addition to use of mass and energy conservation principles in developing mathematical models that correctly describes a system. The students designed and executed experiments and used mass and energy balances to develop and test a constitutive equation. Compared to the lecture format, most students strongly agreed or agreed that the hands-on approach was more effective (63% and 32%, respectively) and enabled them to learn more effectively (42% and 53%, respectively). Details of the project and student response are presented.
Nonlinear Deformation of Satchel Connections

A type of connection, called Khorjeeni, has been widely used in Iran for low-rise steel frame buildings. The term describes the configuration with two beam profiles placed on the sides of the columns. Here we use the English equivalent and refer to this connection as satchel connection. The beam profiles are fastened to the columns by top and seat angles placed parallel to the beam. Depending on the relative stiffness of the angles, profiles, and the strength of the welds, the connection stiffness may range from very stiff to quite flexible. A large number of steel frames with satchel connections have been used in the earthquake zones, replacing masonry buildings destroyed by previous earthquakes. However, their effectiveness remains unclear under seismic forces. The stress in the connection is due to bending, shear, and torsion. Testraining in-plane forces are developed in the angles as they are typically welded to the flange of the beam profiles. These restrictions increase the bending capacity of the angle substantially, making the connection much stiffer. Excessive drift is often a major problem in flexible connections. Until recently building codes did not allow flexible connections in earthquake or high wind regions. The economic and practical advantages of flexible connections, however, have provided impetus for much research in recent years. Based on this research the Eurocode has already provided specifications for the use of flexible connections and the AISC Code is developing similar specifications. This paper discusses the nonlinear deformations of satchel connections. The purpose of the study is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of this type of connection under monotonic and cyclic loads, and to identify the areas requiring special attention during the design.
Robotic Rectal Resection

The short-term benefits of minimally invasive laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer are advantageous compared to open resection and include speedier recovery time, briefer hospital stay, decreased need for analgesic medication, and better cosmesis. For these reasons, the adoption of laparoscopic techniques in the surgical treatment of colon cancer has accelerated over the past decade. However, laparoscopic approaches to rectal cancer surgery have not had the same popularity. This may be due to the increased technical demands of pelvic surgery and the limitations imposed by the straight, rigid laparoscopic instrumentation, with corresponding ergonomic disadvantages for the operating surgeon. High rates of conversion have moved surgeons to develop hybrid procedures, in which the difficult pelvic portion of the operation is performed via a low Pfannenstiel incision (Moloo et al., Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD006585, 2010) or even a transanal approach (Lacy et al., Surg Endosc 27(1):339046, 2013). As a result, the adoption of laparoscopy in rectal resection has been low. The robotic platform helps overcome many of the limitations of standard laparoscopy. In this chapter, we discuss the current evidence supporting the use of robotic technology in rectal cancer surgery. We also provide a description of the technique, including ways to avoid common pitfalls.
«Тарас Бульба» Н. В. Гоголя и «ХаджиМурат» Л. Н. Толстого (аспект историософии, исторической поэтики и интертекстуальности)

This paper is based on three major premises derived from philosophy of history, historical poetics, and theory of intertextuality, which are seen as interconnected. Taras Bulba and Khadzhi Murat inherit different forms of epic writing from archaic ones (e.g. epic poems) to heroic ones (e.g. sagas, bylinas, chivalric romance, etc.). Some variations and distant derivatives of these multiple forms (e.g. tales about bogatyrs, Orlando Furioso by Ariosto, Alonso Quijano by Cervantes, ballad, historical novella, etc.) are related to some extent to the given texts by Gogol and L. Tolstoy.
Multiscale modeling of human bone

A multiscale modeling technique was developed to predict mechanical properties of human bone, which utilizes the hierarchies of human bone in different length scales from nanoscale to macroscale. Bone has a unique structure displaying high stiffness with minimal weight. This is achieved through a hierarchy of complex geometries composed of three major materials: hydroxyapatite, collagen and water. The identifiable hierarchical structures of bone are hydroxyapatite, tropocollagen, fibril, fiber, lamellar layer, trabecular bone, cancellous bone and cortical bone. A helical spring model was used to represent the stiffness of collagen. A unit cell-based micromechanics model computed both the normal and shear stiffness of fibrils, fibers, and lamellar layers. A laminated composite model was applied to cortical and trabecular bone, while a simplified finite element model for the tetrakaidecahedral shape was used to evaluate cancellous bone. Modeling bone from nanoscale components to macroscale structures allows the influence of each structure to be assessed. It was found that the distribution of hydroxyapatite within the tropocollagen matrix at the fibril level influences the macroscale properties significantly. Additionally, the multiscale analysis model can vary any parameter of any hierarchical level to determine its effect on the bone property. With so little known about the detailed structure of nanoscale and microscale bone, a model encompassing the complete hierarchy of bone can be used to help validate assumptions or hypotheses about those structures.
Testing for fabric comfort

Abstract: Comfort, a key quality of clothing and other fabric applications, has been shown to impact user performance. For the purposes of this review, comfort is categorized as thermal and sensory. Thermal comfort is primarily an issue of environmental conditions, metabolic rate, fabric characteristics, and clothing construction. Sensory comfort is primarily an issue of pressure, tactile, and psychological perceptions. Methods for evaluating fabric comfort are described. It is important to note that fabric characteristics and comfort can change over time while in use. Although objective fabric comfort testing and characterization are valuable, the most accurate means for assessing comfort are human-use tests under ecologically valid conditions.
Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Cholinergic and α1-Adrenergic Agonists in the Lacrimal Gland

Nerves are a major pathway to stimulate lacrimal gland protein, electrolyte, and water secretion. They provide a rapid secretory response to protect the ocular surface from environmental insults and challenges by production of the aqueous layer of the tear film. The cellular mechanisms by which nerves stimulate lacrimal gland secretion (signal transduction) have recently been elucidated and will be the focus of the present article.
Optimal Control Problems with a Convex and Compact Control Region

We consider the optimal control problem with the state equations $$x' = \phi (t,x,u(t))$$ (1) where x,∅ are vector valued functions into R and u is a vector valued function into Rm, where x satisfies certain boundary conditions, and where $$\int_O^T {{\phi _O}(t,x(t),u(t))dt} $$ (2) is to be minimized by suitable choice of the control vector u, subject to the constraint that u(t) e U for all t e [0,T], U being a given subset of Rm.
Longitudinal (Natural History) Studies of Silent Myocardial Ischemia

It is known that about 25% of myocardial infarctions occur without associated pain (1). Recent reports of unsuspected, frequent and prolonged episodes of asymptomatic ST depression (ASTD) during Holter recordings made in patients with clinical angina pectoris and positive exercise tests have raised important issues for the evaluation and treatment of coronary disease. The traditional role of angina as the best indicator of myocardial ischemia may have to be reevaluated, since several studies have shown that ASTD occurs more frequently than symptomatic ischemia in many patients with coronary disease (2–11). Atrial pacing in patients with angina pectoris shows that angina is a relatively late event during myocardial ischemia (12). If ASTD reflects clinically meaningful ischemia, then overt angina represents only 25% of the total ischemic burden. Moreover, incomplete data suggest than an increased and clinically unsuspected risk may be conferred on patients who have frequent episodes of ASTD (13,14).
Complexity of care: Stressors and strengths among low-income mother-daughter dyads.

Research on informal care for older adults tends to consider middle- and upper-class individuals. Consequently, less is known about caregiving among low-income families. We present findings from an exploratory qualitative study of low-income African American mothers (n = 5) and their caregiving daughters (n = 5). Guided by a feminist framework, we consider how individual, familial, and societal factors contribute to the intersectional complexities of caregiving. Despite the unavailability of formal resources, we found the 10 women positive in their outlook. Furthermore, this study contributes to a growing body of research that identifies both negative and positive aspects of caregiving among an underrepresented population.
Children at the center: transforming early childhood education in the Boston Public Schools

Becoming a father has made me more aware of the great diversity of early childhood education programs and initiatives. These range from Montessori schools and projects like the Pedagogy of Play, wh...
RescueMe: Smartphone-Based Self Rescue System for Disaster Rescue

Recent ubiquitous earthquakes have been leading to mass destruction of electrical power and cellular infrastructures, and deprive the innocent lives across the world. Due to the wide-area earthquake disaster, unavailable power and communication infrastructure, limited man-power and resource, traditional rescue operations and equipment are inefficient and time-consuming, leading to the golden hours missed. With the increasing proliferation of powerful wireless devices, like smartphones, they can be assumed to be abundantly available among the disaster victims and can act as valuable resource to coordinate disaster rescue operations. In this paper, we propose a smartphone-based self rescue system, also referred to as RescueMe, to assist the operations of disaster rescue and relief. The basic idea of RescueMe is that a set of smartphones carried by survivors trapped or buried under the collapsed infrastructure forms into a one-hop network and sends out distress signal in an energy-efficient manner to nearby rescue crews to assist rescue operations. We evaluate the proposed approach through extensive simulation experiment and compare its performance with the existing scheme TeamPhone. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly reduce the schedule vacancy of broadcasting distress signal and improve the discovery probability with very little sacrifice of network lifetime, and indicate a potentially viable approach to expedite disaster rescue and relief operations.
Regulation of mesangial cell growth by polypeptide mitogens. Inhibitory role of transforming growth factor beta.

Abstract Proliferation of mesangial cells is a common histologic abnormality in glomerular diseases. In vivo studies suggest a role for platelets and monocytes-macrophages in mediating glomerular hypercellularity. The authors recently reported that several peptide growth factors stimulate DNA synthesis and growth of human mesangial cells. This article reports that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a peptide released by inflammatory cells and platelets, inhibits DNA synthesis and growth of human mesangial cells. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of these mitogens on DNA synthesis and growth was confirmed by autoradiography and cell counting. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta is not mediated at the receptor level because TGF-beta did not inhibit the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to mesangial cells. Because peptide growth factors that stimulate DNA synthesis in mesangial cells induce expression of PDGF mRNAs, the effect of TGF-beta on PDGF mRNAs expression induced by peptide growth factors was studied. TGF-beta did not lower the increased levels of PDGF mRNAs caused by EGF or PDGF. These data show that TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis and growth of mesangial cells. The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta remains to be determined.
Factors influencing the intracellular exposure of gemcitabine triphosphate in children with CNS tumors.

e13547Background: Gemcitabine (dFdC), a cytosine analog, is currently being evaluated as a therapy to treat children and young adults with central nervous systems (CNS) tumors in two clinical trial...
Social Vulnerability and Procedural Equity: Exploring the Distribution of Disaster Aid Across Counties in the United States:

To date, there has been limited research conducted on disaster aid allocation across multiple regions and disasters within the United States. In addition, there is a paucity of research specificall...
Focus group describing simulation-based learning for cardiovascular topics in US colleges and schools of pharmacy.

Abstract Introduction This qualitative focus group study sought to describe how colleges of pharmacy use simulation-based learning (SBL) to teach cardiovascular topics and to identify challenges and benefits. Material and methods Participants were recruited from a screening survey disseminated via e-mail to select American College of Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Research networks. Subjects were selected based on diversity in institution and simulation types. Two 1-hour focus group sessions were conducted by the primary investigator following a script designed by the research team. Each recorded session was independently reviewed by all investigators and coded into final themes. Results are reported in a qualitative fashion. Results Five individuals provided consent and participated. Themes identified include topics, formats, interprofessional education, challenges, strategies for success, and benefits. Frequent topics included advanced cardiac life support, heart failure, hypertension, and transitions of care. Multiple formats were used including standardized patients or providers, task trainers, and high-fidelity mannequins. Multiple institutions reported simulating interprofessional teams by involving students from other health professions. Scheduling, pharmacy program size, faculty availability, and logistics around planning and/or conducting an event were identified challenges. Institutions reported success when clear expectations were provided to students and skill development progressed from low-stakes to high-stakes events. Benefits reported included real world applicability with participants noting that students do not realize the importance of SBL until they have reached rotations. Conclusions Various topics and simulation methods were employed to teach cardiovascular topics. While challenges exist, institutions have identified strategies for success and report students recognized the benefits to their learning.
Compassionate design: considerations that impact the users’ dignity, empowerment and sense of security

Human-centered design provides a means to help designers create products or systems with ‘people’ as the focus. Compassionate Design (CD), introduced in this paper, is an approach that addresses niche sensitive needs and involves a way of thinking where designers pay special attention to the users’ sense of dignity, empowerment, and security. These niche needs surfaced as a result of analyses of 12 cases situated in sensitive contexts where the users felt vulnerable, had a high level of emotional engagement and were negatively affected by the situation. The designers described their deep concern for the users in various talks and interviews. This paper explains the conception of CD and its development that resulted from iteratively and qualitatively analyzing these cases in which designers were intuitively focusing on niche user needs. Dignity, empowerment and security form the basis of CD and have been contextualized in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs after they emerged as a result of the analysis of data. This research sets the platform for a design approach that can help designers to consider the often unarticulated user needs of dignity, empowerment and security, in a more intentional manner and not be left to chance.
Chronic Voluntary Ethanol Drinking in Cynomolgus Macaques Elicits Gene Expression Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Area 46

BACKGROUND Genome-wide profiling to examine brain transcriptional features associated with excessive ethanol (EtOH) consumption has been applied to a variety of species including rodents, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and humans. However, these data were obtained from cross-sectional samples which are particularly vulnerable to individual variation when obtained from small outbred populations typical of human and NHP studies. In the current study, a novel within-subject design was used to examine the effects of voluntary EtOH consumption on prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression in a NHP model. METHODS Two cohorts of cynomolgus macaques (n = 23) underwent a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure to establish EtOH self-administration followed by 6 months of daily open access to EtOH (4% w/v) and water. Individual daily EtOH intakes ranged from an average of 0.7 to 3.7 g/kg/d. Dorsal lateral PFC area 46 (A46) brain biopsies were collected in EtOH-naive and control monkeys; contralateral A46 biopsies were collected from the same monkeys following the 6 months of fluid consumption. Gene expression changes were assessed using RNA-Seq paired analysis, which allowed for correction of individual baseline differences in gene expression. RESULTS A total of 675 genes were significantly down-regulated following EtOH consumption; these were functionally enriched for immune response, cell adhesion, plasma membrane, and extracellular matrix. A total of 567 genes that were up-regulated following EtOH consumption were enriched in microRNA target sites and included target sites associated with Toll-like receptor pathways. The differentially expressed genes were also significantly enriched in transcription factor binding sites. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here are the first to use a longitudinal biopsy strategy to examine how chronic EtOH consumption affects gene expression in the primate PFC. Prominent effects were seen in both cell adhesion and neuroimmune pathways; the latter contained both pro- and antiinflammatory genes. The data also indicate that changes in miRNAs and transcription factors may be important epigenetic regulators of EtOH consumption.
Storied across time: Construction, validation, and relationships of the cinematic self scale

ABSTRACTFive studies provide evidence of cinematic self, a novel individual difference about how strongly people experience narrative identity. Study 1 constructs the cinematic self scale and demon...
Optimization of Performance Validity Test (PVT) Cutoffs across Healthy and Non-Referred Clinical Research Samples

Performance validity tests (PVTs) effectively detect suboptimal test performance, but cutoff scores for a given test may differ between populations. This research examines how optimal PVT cutoffs differ in a collegiate research population when mental health and clinical conditions are considered. Healthy controls (n = 328) and non-referred students with self-reported clinical conditions (n = 42) were assigned to perform their best while others simulated ADHD symptoms (n = 123). PVT indices were derived from a stand-alone measure (Victoria Symptom Validity Test) and embedded measures (California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition, Digit Span). PVT cutoffs with the highest sensitivity, while maintaining adequate specificity, were identified when the control groups were considered together, and when students with reported clinical conditions were considered separately. Mean differences in PVT performances were found between the simulation group and control groups, but not between clinical and nonclinical controls. The optimized cutoffs differed for five of eight PVT indices when all controls were considered together versus the clinical control group, only. When discordance was observed, cutoffs tended to be lower (less stringent) for the non-referred clinical control group. Together, these optimized cutoffs tended to be more stringent than previously established cutoffs. This study suggests that PVT cutoffs may be responsibly altered in a research context in the presence of a clinical condition. Future research should investigate if PVT classification accuracies can be improved in clinical and forensic samples while considering clinical conditions.
Effects of Various Deadlifts on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify changes in the muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremity during deadlift with various equipments (Kettlebell, Barbell, and Trap bar).Method/Statistical Analysis: 29 people were selected to measure the muscle activity of the elector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris and rectus abdominis. One-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was conducted to determine the difference in muscle activity in various deadlift. The Bonferroni correction was used as a post-test to check the difference in muscle activity between the variousinterventions, and the significance level was set to 0.05. Statistical programs used SPSS Version 22.0 (Statistics Package for the Social Science).Findings: There were significant differences in elector spinae, gluteus maximus,and rectus during the various deadlift.The rectus femoris showed higher muscle activity in trapbar deadlift than barbell deadlift and kettlebell deadlift. The elector spinae showed higher muscle activity barbell deadlift than kettlebell deadlift. The gluteus maximus showed higher muscle activity in barbell deadlift and kettlebell deadlift than deadlift.Improvements/Applications: This study suggests thatmuscle activity vary depending on the barbell during deadlift.
A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption and Associated Adverse Effects in Air Force Personnel.

Introduction Energy drinks are an increasingly utilized beverage and are gaining popularity in recent years. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) represents a unique population where energy drink consumption may be higher than the general population. To better understand the safety and health impact of energy drinks, this large-scale comprehensive survey was conducted to study energy drink consumption patterns and its associated adverse effects. Materials and methods A survey was conducted across 12 USAF installations to assess self-reported energy drink consumption and adverse effects in the military population. This study was approved by the David Grant USAF Medical Center Institutional Review Board. Results A total of 9,655 participants participated in the survey. Energy drink consumption was reported in 76.7% of the participants, with 12.0% consuming ≥1 energy drink per day. Male gender, younger age, and enlisted military members are more likely to be high consumers; 58.6% of participants reported having at least once tried a premixed beverage that combines alcohol, caffeine, and other stimulants. Among energy drink users, 60.0% reported experiencing ≥1 adverse effect, and 0.92% reported needing to see a physician or going to the emergency department because of adverse effects from energy drinks. Higher energy drink or premixed combination beverage consumption frequency was associated with increased likelihood of physician or emergency department visits (P ≤ 0.002 for both). Conclusion Approximately three in four USAF members reported ever consuming an energy drink. Caution should be exercised on the amount of energy drink consumed to limit the risk of serious adverse effects. Future studies should identify populations at greatest risk for adverse effects and alternative sources of energy maintenance to attain optimal mission readiness.
Single-incision Midurethral Sling by the Dynamic Intraoperative Standing Sling Technique as an Office-based Procedure: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Objectives To assess the safety, feasibility, and short-term success of placing Solyx (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) single-incision midurethral sling (SIMUS) using the Dynamic Intraoperative Standing Sling Technique (DISST) in an office setting under local anesthesia. Methods The safety and efficacy of the in-office Solyx DISST procedure for treatment of stress urinary incontinence was assessed 6 months from the procedure. Improvement in stress urinary incontinence was measured using validated questionnaires (Medical, Epidemiologic, and Social Aspects of Aging, MESA; Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7, IIQ-7; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function, PISQ-12) and by a negative standing provocative stress test. Postoperative complications were documented along with subjective pain diaries, return to work/activities, and overall satisfaction. Results From July 2019 through February 2020, 20 subjects underwent in-office Solyx procedure by the DISST technique. Six of the 20 (30%) subjects required intraoperative sling adjustments. There were no complications as related to the office-based procedure. Participants reported a favorable intraoperative experience. Subjects had excellent postoperative pain control and early return to work and normal activities. At 6 months, all 20 subjects had negative standing provocative stress tests, showed statistically significant improvements on MESA, IIQ-7, and PISQ-12, and reported high satisfaction and acceptance for the procedure and outcomes. There were no late (>6 weeks) complications associated with the Solyx procedure. Conclusions It appears safe and feasible to perform Solyx SIMUS by the DISST method in the office. Subjects remained dry and reported excellent improvement in symptoms and quality of life 6 months from surgery.
Deep learning-augmented radiotherapy visualization with a cylindrical radioluminescence system.

This study aims to demonstrate a low-cost camera-based radioluminescence imaging system (CRIS) for high-quality beam visualization that encourages accurate pre-treatment verifications on radiation delivery in external beam radiotherapy. To ameliorate the optical image that suffers from mirror glare and edge blurring caused by photon scattering, a deep learning model is proposed and trained to learn from an on-board electronic portal imaging device (EPID). Beyond the typical purposes of an on-board EPID, the developed system maintains independent measurement with co-planar detection ability by involving a cylindrical receptor. Three task-aware modules are integrated into the network design to enhance its robustness against the artifacts that exist in an EPID running at the cine mode for efficient image acquisition. The training data consists of various designed beam fields that were modulated via the multi-leaf collimator (MLC). Validation experiments are performed for five regular fields ranging from 2 × 2 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2 and three clinical IMRT cases. The captured CRIS images are compared to the high-quality images collected from an EPID running at the integration-mode, in terms of gamma index and other typical similarity metrics. The mean 2% / 2mm gamma pass rate is 99.14% (range between 98.6% and 100%) and 97.1% (ranging between 96.3% and 97.9%), for the regular fields and IMRT cases, respectively. The CRIS is further applied as a tool for MLC leaf-end position verification. A rectangular field with introduced leaf displacement is designed, and the measurements using CRIS and EPID agree within 0.100 mm ± 0.072 mm with maximum of 0.292 mm. Coupled with its simple system design and low-cost nature, the technique promises to provide viable choice for routine quality assurance in radiation oncology practice.
A consumer assessment of women who use wheelchairs

LAY SUMMARY Female Veterans and female athletes with disabilities express concerns with mobility devices that are male-centric and do not address their unique needs. It is important that the needs ...
Weighted Hardy-Sobolev, Log-Sobolev and Moser-Onofri-Beckner Inequalities with Monomial Weights

We first derive a double-weighted Hardy-Sobolev inequality with monomial weights on Euclidean space, then we establish the Gross’ type logarithmic Sobolev inequality with monomial weights using product structure. We will also study Moser-Onofri-Beckner inequality with monomial weights. Some best constants and extremals are also explicitly given.
An Empirical Study on the Research and Critical Evaluation Skills of Law Students

Although scholars have explored many aspects of legal education, the fundamental analysis of research behavior and the quality of research skills remains somewhat uncharted territory. There have been assessments of the research skills of incoming law students and the effectiveness of various research programs but little to assess skills and preferences of existing law students. Building on surveys and studies from other disciplines, this article describes an effort to gather empirical data on law students' legal research practices.
An Overview of Development of Standard Analytical Procedures for Biomass Feedstocks

Research and development of bioenergy as a renewable energy source has made significant progress during the past few decades and as bioenergy matures into a commercial energy source the need for biomass standards cannot be overemphasized. The bioenergy community recognized this need more than a decade ago and organized the “Biomass Energy Meeting” to define what feedstocks to use as standards for biomass analysis and conversion processes. Four biomass feedstocks were identified by this workshop: wheat straw, sugar cane bagasse, pinus radiata, and populus deltoides. These feedstocks have been developed into standard research materials and can be obtained from NIST at a nominal cost.
Biomedical devices and instruments for point-of-care diagnosis

With an aging population, the cost of health care has increased substantially over the years. Today nearly 3 trillion dollars are spent in the United States each year, and it is imperative that we keep the climbing health care expense under control while raising the quality and efficiency of the health care. Point of care is a promising path to meet such goals because it promises timely, personal, and cost effective diagnosis and treatments with improved patient outcomes. However, most of today's point-of-care devices have traded quality and performance for cost and speed. As a result, the clinical utility of today's point-of-care devices has been seriously limited. In this presentation, we will discuss the challenges and potential solutions for new generation biomedical devices and systems for point-of-care applications. These devices will be built upon a lab-on-a-chip platform that integrates many technologies including microfluidics, photonics, nanotechnologies, and electronics. They will also leverage from the prevailing mobile devices for enhanced portability, connectivity, and usability. A few examples of such point-of-care devices for disease diagnosis and health monitoring will be discussed.
Geometry and Large-Scale Power in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey

The Las Campanas Redshift Survey is currently the largest redshift survey in existence containing over 26,000 galaxies covering approximately 720 square degrees of the sky. In the interest of sampling the galaxy distribution on large scales, i.e., several hundred h 100 -1 Mpc, the survey was designed as a collection of six thin, broad, and deep slices. Each of the slices has dimensions 1.5°in declination by 80°in RA with a mean depth of 300 h 100 -1 Mpc (see Shectman et al. 1996 for more detail). These thin, constant declination slices have a nominal size of 350×400×10 h 100 -1 Mpc.