cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling Modular Verification with Abstract Interference Specifications for a Concurrent Queue

When concurrent threads of execution do not modify shared data, their parallel execution is trivially equivalent to their sequential execution. For many imperative programming languages, however, the modular verification of this independence is often frustrated by (i) the possibility of aliasing between variables mentioned in different threads, and (ii) the lack of abstraction in the description of read/write effects of operations on shared data structures. We describe a specification and verification framework in which abstract specifications of functional behavior are augmented with abstract interference effects that permit verification of client code with concurrent calls to operations of a data abstraction. To illustrate the approach, we present a classic concurrent data abstraction: the bounded queue. Three different implementations are described, each with different degrees of entanglement and hence different degrees of possible synchronization-free concurrency.
Price Expectations and Reactions to Uncertainty by Farmers in Illinois

N RECENT years the attention of farm management economists has been drawn to a field relatively unexplored by research workers. This field covers the decisions made by farmers under conditions when the decisions relate to production ventures the outcomes of which are not known with certainty. The most important phases of this uncertainty are associated with the passing of time and include weather, insects and diseases, and cost and price variations, as well as more personal aspects such as length of life, health, and, in more recent times, institutional factors such as the chances of being subjected to economic controls. Relatively little has been done to determine how farmers, in the dim light of their imperfect knowledge, actually formulate their decisions in response to changes inherent in the economic environment in which they operate. The progress made in developing concepts and theories has far outpaced the ability or the willingness of investigators to determine by empirical research the usefulness of these theories in interpreting observed events in agriculture. The economic variables which link successive time periods are the attitudes and the expectations of farmers, and the entrepreneurial decisions and acts which are motivated by them. These attitudes, decisions, and acts influence the position attained by the firm in later periods of time. It is suggested that farm management research workers, as applied economists, should accept the challenge to include this aspect of farming in their own sphere of responsibilities.
Mutations to Cysteine Residues in the Trypanosoma cruzi B-Cell Superantigen Tc24 Diminish Susceptibility to IgM-Mediated Hydrolysis

B-cell superantigens (BC-SAgs) are immunoevasins that have evolved in response to innate catalytic IgM antibodies; germ-line encoded immunoglobulins present in the preimmune repertoire independent of prior antigen exposure. Catalysis is the result of a 2-step process that involves first the formation of a non-covalent bond between the BC-SAg and the immunoglobulin followed by covalent bond formation at the catalytic site resulting in target hydrolysis. Tc24 is a recently described Trypanosoma cruzi BC-SAg hypothesized to play a role in evading the humoral response early in the infection period. We previously demonstrated that exposure to Tc24 following immunization or infection resulted in the depletion of the catalytic IgM response, leaving a gap in the catalytic IgM repertoire. The present report compares the BC-SAg properties of wild-type Tc24 (Tc24-WT) to that of 2 recombinant Tc24 isoforms: Tc24-C2 (Cys to Ser mutations in the 2 most-proximal Cys residues) and Tc24-C4 (Cys to Ser mutations in all 4 Cys residues present). BC-SAg activity was assessed by immunizing mice with the respective isoforms and examining the ability of IgM purified from the respective groups to hydrolyze the 3 Tc24 isoforms. In addition, the ability of IgM purified from naive mice to hydrolyze the Tc24 isoforms was also assessed. Immunization with Tc24-WT, Tc24-C2, or Tc24-C4 resulted in loss of IgM-mediated hydrolysis of Tc24-WT. However, the ability of IgM purified from naive mice (previously shown to hydrolyze Tc24-WT) was less effective in hydrolyzing the 2 Tc24 isoforms. These data demonstrate that although the BC-SAg site in the mutants remained intact, their reduced susceptibility to IgM-mediated hydrolysis suggested that structural changes resulting from the Cys to Ser mutations altered accessibility to the catalytic site in the 2 isoforms.
Review of Turbidites; The Movement of Beach Sand; The History of the Study of Landforms or the Development of Geomorphology; The Deep and the Past

A review of Turbidites; The Movement of Beach Sand; The History of the Study of Landforms or the Development of Geomorphology; The Deep and the Past.
Clinical outcomes in recurrent glioblastoma with bevacizumab therapy: An analysis of the literature

Bevacizumab (BEV) is a common treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). After progression on BEV, there is no consensus on subsequent therapy, as multiple chemotherapy trials have failed to demonstrate discernible activity for salvage. A previous review (995 patients) estimated a progression free survival (PFS) on BEV of 4.2months (SD±2.1) with an overall survival (OS) after progression on BEV at 3.8months (SD±1). We endeavored to establish a more rigorous historical control, both as a benchmark for efficacy, and a prognostic tool for clinical practice. A comprehensive literature review was performed utilizing PubMed and societal presentation abstracts. A total 2388 patients from 53 arms of 42 studies were analyzed in three groups: 1) thirty-two studies in which survival post-BEV was determined by subtracting PFS from OS (2045 patients): PFS on BEV=4.38months (95% CI 4.09-4.68); OS post-BEV=3.36months (95% CI 3.12-3.66); 2) two studies (94 patients) in which OS post-BEV is reported: OS=3.26 (95% CI 2.39-4.42); 3) eight studies of salvage therapy after progression on BEV (249 patients): of OS post-BEV=4.46months (95% CI 3.68-5.54). These estimates provide a firm historical control for PFS on BEV, as well as OS after disease progression on BEV therapy.
Forum:2 Students with Disabilities in the String Classroom: An Integrative Review:

There is limited information on students with disabilities in the string classroom. The aim of this integrative review was to synthesize the existing knowledge and trends regarding educational prac...
Nondeterministic lisp as a substrate for constraint logic programming

We have implemented a comprehensive constraint-based programming language as an extension to COMMON LISP. This constraint package provides a unified framework for solving both numeric and non-numeric systems of constraints using a combination of local propagation techniques including binding propagation, Boolean constraint propagation, generalized forward checking, propagation of bounds, and unification. The backtracking facility of the nondeterministic dialect of COMMON LISP used to implement this constraint package acts as a general fallback constraint solving method mitigating the incompleteness of local propagation.
Everything Old Is New Again: Recovery and Serious Mental Illness

In this paper, we examine the emergence of recovery as an organizing construct within the mental health system and consider how it is changing mental health policy and practice, particularly as it relates to the treatment of people with “serious mental illness.” Recovery is most simply understood as the belief that people with mental health problems can “get better.” While this general idea is not new, it is currently a contested construct within the mental health field. We highlight several competing definitions of recovery and examine how these ideas have been incorporated into contemporary treatment modalities. We conclude with a discussion of how sociologists can contribute to a better understanding of the sociological dimensions of recovery and how a “sociology of recovery” might contribute to a more comprehensive and robust sociology of mental health and illness.
Music Education in Homeschooling: Jamie’s Story

Jamie is a homeschooled student from the metro-Phoenix region of Arizona in the United States. An accomplished musician, Jamie’s resources for music education came not only from private lessons and music classes available through homeschool learning cooperatives, but also from public school, community college, and civic bands, choirs and orchestras. In this narrative case study, I present a longitudinal account of Jamie’s homeschooled education through high school and her matriculation into college and discuss Jamie’s perceptions of homeschooling, the benefits and limitations of music learning in the homeschooling environment, and the issues surrounding her attendance at the local public school to participate in music classes.
Contraindications to Laparoscopy

This chapter reviews the relative contraindications to laparoscopy and general considerations to apply to the safe application of laparoscopy.
Chemotherapy after hepatic resection of colorectal metastases

Hepatic resection for metastases from colorectal cancer is the only method to obtain significant survival for patients with these tumors. Its use has become increasingly frequent over the last 20 years. There are many reasons for the increased use of hepatic resection, including new breakthroughs in earlier diagnosis of hepatic tumors, the use of more sophisticated intraoperative equipment, including intraoperative ultrasound and the ultrasonic dissector, as well as increased familiarity with hepatic anatomy and increased confidence in the ability to resect selected segments of the liver.
Energy Performance Based Anomaly Detection in Non-Residential Buildings Using Symbolic Aggregate Approximation

Building system faults in commercial and office buildings can result in a reduced occupant comfort and increased utility bills. Energy performance-based anomaly detection helps operators efficiently identify faults. In this work, a data-driven method for anomaly detection is presented. Using a symbolic aggregate method, the weekly energy demand profiles are statistically quantised and labeled to determine normal and abnormal building behaviours. A case study with three federal office buildings has been conducted to demonstrate the proposed method. The resulting technology provides building operators with easily-interpreted and actionable information for optimised building performance.
Up-to-Speed Cinema: An Elucidation of Griffith's 1909 Contribution to Montage and Representation, through the Ratio of Shots to Camera Setups

L’auteur propose une nouvelle explication des raisons pour lesquelles Griffith a adopte un style de montage rapide chez Biograph autour de 1909, affirmant que d’autres societes ont ensuite integre ...
Evaluation of structure and magnetic properties of maraging steel powder feedstock for additive manufacturing of magnetic components

Abstract We investigated the structure as well as the magnetic properties of a commercial maraging steel powder feedstock—EOS MS1—and elucidated the stability of supersaturated martensite phase upon thermal-treatment. The investigation unfolds the potential reusability/recyclability of the powder feedstock, which is essential from an economic as well as an environmental perspective in the manufacturing of magnetic components. The as-supplied powder feedstock predominantly constituted martensite (lattice parameter ∼0.2881 nm). The coercivity (HCI), remanence (MR), and magnetic saturation (MS) of the powder feedstock were estimated as 3.03 ± 0.12 kA/m, 1.4 ± 0.1 A m2/kg, and 176.0 ± 2.0 Am2/kg, respectively. The supersaturated martensite phase was stable during thermal treatment. The MS, MR, and HCI of the thermally-treated powders, on an average, were ∼1% more, ∼0.8 times less, and ∼0.9 times less, respectively, than the as-supplied powder feedstock: thermal-treatment marginally enhanced the soft-magnetic behavior. The similarities in the structure and the magnetic properties between the as-supplied and thermally-treated powders suggest that the powder feedstock is reusable/recyclable in the manufacturing of magnetic components.
Molecular evidence of changing foodways across the Mississippian transition at the George Reeves site (11S650)

The George Reeves site (11S650) is a multicomponent village on the bluffs in the central American Bottom, Illinois. The site was occupied from the Late Woodland Rosewood phase through the Mississip...
The political ecology of shaded coffee plantations: conservation narratives and the everyday-lived-experience of farmworkers

Shade-grown coffee conserves biodiversity and often improves peasant livelihoods in Latin America. However, farmworkers have been overwhelmingly overlooked, despite being a vulnerable and marginali...
First Reported Treatment Failure in a Recipient of a Hepatitis C Viremic Heart Transplant

Introduction Cardiac transplant centers are now successfully utilizing hepatitis C virus (HCV) donor hearts to increase the availability of organs now that a curative treatment is available with direct acting antivirals (DAA). We present the first described case of DAA treatment failure in a patient who received an HCV donor, nucleic acid testing (NAT) positive heart. Case Report A 65-year-old male with a mixed cardiomyopathy underwent orthotopic heart transplant with an HCV+/NAT+ heart. He seroconverted within seven days of transplant, noted by a peak HCV viral load of 7.65 log IU/mL and genotype of 1a without resistance markers. Planned initial treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) was denied by insurance. After approval for and treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (L/S) for 8 weeks, the patient's viral load was initially undetectable. However, he developed recurrent viremia 6 months after treatment completion with an HCV load of 7.40 log IU/mL with NS5A resistance due to a Y93H mutation. He was subsequently initiated on sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (S/V/V) with persistent undetectable viral loads to date at 4 months. Summary This is the first documented case of DAA treatment failure in a recipient of HCV+/NAT+ transplanted heart treated with L/S. This treatment failure was likely secondary to insufficient treatment duration. The ION-3 study demonstrated noninferiority for an 8 week treatment duration compared to 12 weeks of L/S, but at the cost of a higher relapse rate in the 8 week arm (5% vs 1%) associated with viral load of >6.78 log IU/mL. The Y93H mutation is more likely to reduce treatment efficacy in L/S as noted by a pooled resistance analysis compared to G/P, which has a failure rate of
Decision Making in a Nuclear Age.

I have heard the argument that nuclear issues shouldn't be taught to children because it would destroy their childhood .... I no longer have a childhood to destroy. Childhood is programmed to self-destruct and mine has already begun to disintegrate. Some of my earliest memories of the outside world are of napalmed eight year olds and the Watergate trials (which preempted the time for all of my favorite T.V. shows). . . .I've been worrying about some of our national policies for a while now, and I'm glad that the high school has begun to catch up with me.
The Ethnography of Tourism. Edward Bruner and Beyond: edited by Naomi M. Leite, Quetzil E. Castañeda and Kathleen M. Adams, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2019, xi + 303 pp., US $94.95 (hardback), ISBN: 9781498516334

The Ethnography of Tourism offers a comprehensive and insightful analysis of half a century of pathbreaking contributions made by one of postmodern anthropology’s leading practitioner-theorists, Ed...
Impact of Land Cover Changes on the Soil and Water Quality of Greens Bayou Watershed

Rapid land use and land cover changes have a significant effect on ecology, environment, and human health in urban watersheds. With increase in frequency and intensity of the urban flooding events and repeated inundation of the neighborhoods, it is important to monitor the water and soil chemical characteristics in Greens Bayou Watershed (GBW) region. The objectives of this study were to (1) analyze the nutrient and heavy metal concentrations in water and soil samples along the Greens Bayou, (2) monitor the historical water quality data, and (3) identify and analyze land cover changes in the watershed using Landsat imagery. A total of 12 water and 12 soil samples, from four different sampling locations along the Greens Bayou, were collected during two seasons and processed for chemical analysis. Our water sample analysis revealed that the As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations were higher in the fall compared with the summer and exceeded the critical limit. The soil analysis indicated that the Zn and Pb concentrations were higher in the fall over summer season and exceeded the background concentrations. Remote sensing analysis revealed that the impervious surface in the GBW increased by about 62.2% while the vegetative surface decreased by 30.6% during the period of 1984 to 2018. Environmental chemical analysis coupled with geospatial data demonstrated the impact of land cover changes on water and soil quality along the Greens Bayou by identifying areas vulnerable to change, which can be better managed to preserve the health of this urban watershed ecosystem.
The Need for Equitable Scholarship Criteria for Part-Time Students

Current policies and interventions to enhance student success and retention are often tied to full-time enrollment, which are substantiated by studies associating part-time enrollment with lower retention and poorer academic outcomes. However, these findings are limited to studies of first-time college students and do not represent today’s nontraditional undergraduate who may be transfer, online, and working adult students. To enhance retention of on-campus and hybrid online 2 + 2 transfer students in a STEM undergraduate program, need-based scholarships are awarded to students enrolled full-time as stipulated by the federal granting agency. Although the scholarship has helped >80 students to date, over 40% of eligible transfer students are excluded only because they are enrolled part-time, disproportionately affecting students in the hybrid online track who are more likely to be women and underrepresented minorities. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study explores enrollment behavior of transfer students (online and on-campus), its relationship with student characteristics and academic outcomes, and implications for scholarship eligibility. Full-time enrollment is a significant challenge for transfer students. While scholarship requirements are a key factor influencing full-time enrollment, online transfer students additionally cite work and family obligations as drivers of enrollment behavior. Thus, online 2 + 2 transfer students face different challenges than on-campus peers and are more likely to enroll part-time out of necessity, yet still have comparable GPA and graduation rates. These findings support a growing awareness of barriers nontraditional students face questioning the relevance of policies driven by “traditional” student outcomes, which perpetuate inequity in higher education.
Seafloor morphology changes in the inner-shelf area of the Pozzuoli Bay, Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea

Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) data collected along the coastal sector of the Pozzuoli Bay, offshore Bagnoli (Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) reveal the morphological evolution occurred over a 10-year time span of the inner shelf area between 2 and 15 m of water depth. Horizontal and vertical errors associated with the data acquisition were computed in order to compare the accuracy of the measurements and validate the datasets comparison. A series of morphological features, located within 15 m of depth, were mapped on both Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) generated from datasets. Most of these seafloor features remained substantially unchanged over the years and were used as check points to verify the datasets accuracy, whereas other geomorphic features such as depositional bedforms and depressions, display significant changes. The difference DTM calculated from the datasets indicates that the size of the depressed areas has increased by 25–50%. Moreover, the volumes of marine deposits involved in the processes of morphological changes were also evaluated, thus providing information on the dynamics of sediment erosion, transports/redistribution and accumulation occurred over the years in the study area.
Diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract In this review article we examine the various types of diagnostic biomarkers which are used in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. This review summerizes the A/T/N classification system for Alzheimer’s biomarkers and its use in the biomarker-based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore we review the use of structural MRI, 18F-FDG PET, Amyloid PET, Tau PET, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and the emerging role of plasma biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. In doing so we discuss each biomarkers correlation with pathologic findings, ability to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease from healthy aging, ability to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease from other neurodegenerative diseases, role in A/T/N classification system, and limitations of each biomarker.
The Law of One Price and a Theory of the Firm: A Ricardian Perspective on Interindustry Wages

I use a hierarchical perspective to explain the pattern of interindustry wages and capital intensities. Industries that have more productive technologies pay more than less-productive ones, and are more capital intensive as well. Results on size of the hierarchy, effort levels, and span of control are presented as well. The key insight is that supervisors both monitor and coordinate their subordinates, and time spent on one of these activities reduces the time available for the other. Several stylized facts are explained thereby.
The preventive medicine physician: a national study.

Following the 1980 Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee report, postal questionnaires were sent to a random sample of physicians self-designated as preventive medicine specialists primarily in an effort to verify the committee’s assumption that preventive medicine is not a clinical specialty. The questionnaires represented each of the preventive medicine subspecialties: general preventive medicine, public health, occupational medicine, and aerospace medicine. After three reminders, 419 out of 942 (44%) responded. Seventy percent of the physicians who responded engage in clinical activities for at least part of their workweek. Preventive medicine is practiced in a wide variety of settings. For the majority of preventive medicine physicians, prevention plays an important role in their practice. They perceive that they practice medicine differently from their colleagues who are not preventive medicine specialists because of their prevention focus. Many of these physicians have made career changes, and some have made many such changes, as board certification in one of the subspecialties does not preclude practice in another subspecialty. The specialty appears to allow considerable flexibility. The preventive medicine physician is prepared to incorporate prevention into clinical practice and seems well equipped to integrate community and individual clinical approaches.
Unit circle MVDR beamformer

The array polynomial is the z-transform of the array weights for a narrowband planewave beamformer using a uniform linear array (ULA). Evaluating the array polynomial on the unit circle in the complex plane yields the beampattern. The locations of the polynomial zeros on the unit circle indicate the nulls of the beampattern. For planewave signals measured with a ULA, the locations of the ensemble MVDR polynomial zeros are constrained on the unit circle. However, sample matrix inversion (SMI) MVDR polynomial zeros generally do not fall on the unit circle. The proposed unit circle MVDR (UC MVDR) projects the zeros of the SMI MVDR polynomial radially on the unit circle. This satisfies the constraint on the zeros of ensemble MVDR polynomial. Numerical simulations show that the UC MVDR beamformer suppresses interferers better than the SMI MVDR and the diagonal loaded MVDR beamformer and also improves the white noise gain (WNG).
Effects of caesarean section, retained placenta and vaginal or uterine prolapse on subsequent fertility in beef cattle.

Data collected at the Livestock and Range Research Station, Miles City, Montana, on 13,296 calving from the years 1963 through 1977 were used to evaluate subsequent reproductive performance of dams experiencing caesarean section, retained placenta or vaginal or uterine prolapse. A total of 121 caesarean sections (.9% of all calvings) was performed from 1963 through 1977, with the highest incidence reported among first-calf 2- and 3-year-old dams. Fall pregnancy rate among the 105 dams that had caesarean deliveries was 52.4%, which was 26.6% lower (p less than .01) than the herd average. Fetal membranes were retained after 49 natural parturitions. Pregnancy rates among dams retaining fetal membranes were not significantly altered (82.2 vs 79.4%). A total of 153 calvings was associated with prolapse of the reproductive tract, including 124 (81.0%) vaginal prolapses and 29 (19.0%) uterine prolapses. Subsequent pregnancy rate of all dams experiencing prolapse was lower (p less than .01) than the herd average. Pregnancy rates following prolapse among primiparous and multiparous dams were 28.0 and 57.9%, respectively. These data indicate that caesarean section and vaginal or uterine prolapse result in significant reductions in subsequent pregnancy rates of affected dams, with no detrimental effect on dams retaining fetal membranes.
A rapid population method for action spectra applied to Halobacterium halobium.

Abstract We have developed a simple and rapid technique for measuring the action spectra for phototaxis of populations of microorganisms and applied it to halobacteria. A microscope with a dark-field condenser was used to illuminate the cell suspension in a sealed chamber with light of wavelength greater than 750 nm; in this region of the spectrum, the halobacteria show no phototactic response. A 150-micron spot of light from a xenon arc lamp, whose wavelength and intensity can be varied, was projected through the objective lens into the center of the dark field. The objective lens imaged this measuring spot through a 780-nm cut-off filter on an aperture in front of a photomultiplier. The intensity of the scattered 750-nm light, and therefore the photomultiplier current, is proportional to the number of cells in the measuring spot. A third lamp provided background light of variable wavelength and intensity through the dark-field condenser. To minimize secondary effects due to large changes in cell density, we recorded the initial changes in the photomultiplier current over 1 min after the actinic light had been switched on. By plotting the rate of change against wavelength, we obtained action spectra after the proper corrections for changes in light intensity with wavelength were applied and saturation effects were avoided.
Abstract 12595: Hybrid Surgical and Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison of Techniques

Introduction: Hybrid catheter/surgical ablation (HyCASA) of AF may be more effective than endocardial (endo) ablation (abl) in pts with history of failed ablation or structural heart disease. Hypothesis: There may be difference in the many approaches to HyCASA abl. Methods: In 38 pts with long-standing pers (LSP) (3), pers (25), or parox (10) AF, trans-abdominal HyCASA was performed with epicardial (epi) unipolar RF (nContact VisiTrax, Morrisville, NC). Then in 29 pts with LSP (5), pers (22), or parox (2) AF right trans-thoracic HyCASA was performed with epi bipolar/unipolar RF (AtriCure Fusion, West Chester, OH). Epi isolation of pulmonary veins, posterior LA, and posterior RA was followed by endo abl including completion of epi lesion set, CFAE, and any residual flutter ablation. Any AF > 2 min found by continuous monitoring (ILR or PM/ICD in all pts) after a 3-mo blanking period was considered a recurrence. Results: Age was 61.8 (9.6, mean+SD); 79% were male. Co-morbidities included HTN (75%), DM (29%), CAD (18%), HF (25%), and obesity (BMI>30) (69%). LA size was 4.9 (0.7) (range: 3.3-6.8) cm; EF was 51.9 (10.2) (range 15-70) %. AF duration was 6.4 (5.7) (range: 0.5-25) yrs. All had failed drug therapy and 46% had failed prior endo abl (1.5 abl/pt). Pts undergoing HyCASA using thoracic/AtriCure approach were more likely pers (93% vs 74%, p=.04). There was no other difference between groups. Hospital length of stay was longer (7.0 vs 3.7 days, p<.001) and there were more bleeding complications (3 vs 0, p=.04) in the thoracic/AtriCure approach. There was no peri-procedural mortality or stroke. At median follow-up of 294 days, success was 72% with the thoracic/AtriCure approach and 53% with the abdominal/nContact approach (p=.10) (Graph). Conclusions: HyCASA AF ablation with the thoracic/AtriCure compared with the abdominal/nContact approach trends toward better efficacy but has an increased risk for complications and longer hospital length of stay. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Injektionstechniken für die HWS

Der folgende Abschnitt beschreibt thorakale paravertebrale Blockaden als Injektionstechnik bei chronischen Schmerzen im thorakalen Bereich und die damit verbunden therapeutischen Moglichkeiten.
Possible Worlds: Henri Lefebvre and the Right to the City

There has been much attention paid recently the idea of the right to the city. This article argues that in order to fully appreciate the power of the idea, we should understand it through a close r...
Emergent symmetry and dimensional reduction at a quantum critical point

We show that the spatial dimensionality of the quantum critical point associated with Bose‐Einstein condensation at T = 0 is reduced when the underlying lattice comprises a set of layers coupled by a frustrating interaction. For this purpose, we use an heuristic mean field approach that is complemented and justified by a more rigorous renormalization group analysis. Due to the presence of an emergent symmetry, i.e. a symmetry of the ground state that is absent in the underlying Hamiltonian, a three‐dimensional interacting Bose system undergoes a chemical potential tuned quantum phase transition that is strictly two dimensional. Our theoretical predictions for the critical temperature as a function of th e chemical potential correspond very well with recent measurements in BaCuSi2O6.
Clinical Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel TUBB4A Mutation in a Child with Static Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy

Abstract Background Leukodystrophies are a large group of inherited diseases of central nervous system myelin. There are few treatments, and most patients do not receive a final genetic diagnosis. Patient We report a novel presentation of a female child with hypotonia, global developmental delay, and rotatory nystagmus. Brain MRI demonstrated profound hypomyelination and minimal or no atrophy in the brain stem or cerebellum. Results Extensive testing failed to yield a diagnosis until clinical whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic mutation in the β-tubulin gene TUBB4A . TUBB4A is a cause of hereditary dystonia type 4 and has recently been reported to cause hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Conclusions This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of TUBB4A -associated neurological diseases to include static hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and supports the clinical relevance of next-generation sequencing diagnosis approaches.
Structure/optical property relationships in multiple ion exchanged β"-aluminas

A series of optically acitive β"-aluminas containing Eu 2+ or Cu + were prepared by simple ion exchange techniques. The sensitivity of these ions to applied crystal fields made it possible to tune their emission properties over a wide range of the visible spectrum simply by changing the chemical composition of the conduction plane. These tunable optical properties further increase the potential for using β"-alumina as an optical host material in phosphor and solid state laser applications.
Multiplex genetic testing: reconsidering utility and informed consent in the era of next-generation sequencing.

Multiplex genetic testing: reconsidering utility and informed consent in the era of next-generation sequencing
An explicit model exhibiting a generalization of global supersymmetry

Abstract An algebra extending the Poincare algebra by spinorial operators is given. This algebra defines a generalization of supersymmetry which incorporates both mass and spin changes. The relation to standard supersymmetry is discussed.
Amino acid transport in suspension cultured plant cells: I. Methods and kinetics of L-leucine uptake

Abstract A method for studying amino acid transport into suspension-cultured Nicotiana tabacum . cv. Wisc. 38 cells has been developed. Results from experimental analysis of this method demonstrate that the method yields precise measurements of initial uptake rates. This method was employed to measure L-leucine transport and two systems have been identified. At the lower substrate levels investigated (0.08 mM to 20.0 mM) transport is via an energy dependent, saturable system while at the higher substrate levels (20.0 mM to 150.0 mM) uptake increases result from an energy independent, nonsaturable system. The saturable system is stereospecific for L-leucine and an Eadie-Hofstee plot gives a K m of 1.91 mM and a V max of 40.9 nM/ml HV/min.
Superconductivity of Lead

Numerous determinations of the zero-field transition temperature of lead have been made. All of these observations except that of Daunt were made by the direct measurement of electrical resistance. Daunt`s method involved the shielding effect of persistent currents in a hollow cylinder. In the authors work on columbium to be described in a forthcoming paper an a.c. induction method was used for the measurement of superconducting transitions. The superconductor was mounted as a cylindrical core of a coil which functioned as the secondary of a mutual inductance. The primary coil was actuated by an oscillator which provided a maximum a.c. field within the secondary of 1.5 oersteds at a frequency of 1000 cycles per second. The secondary e.m.f. which was dependent for its magnitude on the permeability of the core was amplified, rectifie, and observed on a recording potentiometer. During the application of this method to the study of columbium it appeared that a further check on the zero-field transition temperature of lead would be worth while especially if agreement between results for very pure samples could be obtained using this method. Such result would help in establishing the lead transition temperature as a reasonably reproducible reference point in themore » region between 4 deg and 10 deg K.« less
Occupy Online: How Cute Old Men and Malcolm X Recruited 400,000 US Users to OWS on Facebook

What attracted so many supporters of the Occupy Wall Street movement to the movement's Facebook pages? Using a database of 1500 Facebook Occupy group pages, we analyze the types of posts that recruit new users. In the case of the Occupy movement, the success of recruiting over 400,000 users to Facebook was driven by user-created content produced in a medium that encourages contributions and sharing to an existing set of dense networks of potential movement sympathizers. We find that the posts that are most successful at recruiting active Facebook engagement utilize existing forms of communication, such as sharing pictures and status updates. We also find that posts that use confrontational messages and messages about solidarity appear most often in the top posts. Our findings suggest that online social networking tools such as Facebook and Twitter provide a powerful tool for movements to rapidly spread information and reach broad audiences. In addition, we offer some analysis of the impact of these findin...
Pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies react with the extracellular domain of desmoglein-1

Pemphigus foliaceus is associated with an autoimmune response against desmoglein-1; however, the fine specificity of these autoantibodies and the role that they play in pathogenesis have not yet been elucidated. In an attempt to develop a system to facilitate the detection and characterization of this antigen/antibody system, recombinant human desmoglein-1 was expressed in COS-1 cells, a mammalian epithelial cell line. The desmoglein-1 transgene product was shown to be expressed on the surface of the COS-1 cells in the appropriate transmembrane orientation. All pemphigus foliaceus sera (endemic form, n = 24; nonendemic form, n = 7) reacted strongly with nonpermeabilized desmoglein-1-transfected cells, exhibiting a punctate cell-surface staining pattern. This reactivity against the desmoglein-1 ectodomain was predominantly an IgG4-restricted response and was calcium dependent. Ten of 18 pemphigus vulgaris sera also reacted with the extracellular domain of recombinant desmoglein-1. Use of this eukaryotic expression system should greatly facilitate further characterization of the anti-desmoglain-1 autoimmune response associated with pemphigus faliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris and may aid in determining its pathogenic relevance.
The effect of initial local anesthetic dose with continuous interscalene analgesia on postoperative pain and diaphragmatic function in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Background Interscalene block (ISB) is commonly performed using 20-40 mL of local anesthetic. Spread to adjacent structures and consequent adverse effects including paralysis of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm are frequent. Pain ratings, analgesic requirements, adverse events, satisfaction, function and diaphragmatic excursion were compared following interscalene block (ISB) with reduced initial bolus volumes.
Cutting Force Modeling When Milling Nickel-Base Superalloys

Superalloys are a relatively new class of materials that exhibit high mechanical strength, ductility, creep resistance at high operating temperatures, high fatigue strength, and typically superior resistance to corrosion and oxidation even at elevated temperatures. These properties make superalloys ideal for applications in aircraft, cryogenic tanks, submarines, nuclear reactors, and petrochemical equipment. In the aerospace industry, the most commonly used superalloy is the nickel-base alloy and it accounts for 30–50% of the total material required in the manufacturing of the aircraft engine. It is used for rotating parts of gas turbines such as blades and disks, engine mounts, turbine casings and components for rocket motors and pumps. To make full use of nickel-base superalloys, a machining process must be developed that is capable of controlling and identifying tool wear, and identifying the onset of subsurface damage and controlling its formation during processing. To accomplish this, a model relating process characteristics and cutting parameters need to be developed. Due to high tool wear, the cutting forces increase drastically during machining, thus making impossible to estimate the forces with existing models. This research proposes an update to the specific cutting forces model taking into consideration rapid tool wear. As milling is the most common machining processes used to cut superalloys (e.g., turbine blades), it is specifically targeted by this research. Experiments were conducted under different cutting conditions to observe the cutting characteristics of nickel-base superalloys. Empirical observations were used to formulate updated coefficients. Later this model will be applied for real-time control of the process results, such as geometry, tool wear and subsurface damage, and also for estimation and control of other quantities such as force, deflection, surface quality and energy consumed. This will provide new insights into machining these advanced alloys.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Laser micro/nanoprocessing for functional electronics

Inkjet direct writing of functional materials provides a promising pathway towards realization of ultra-low-cost, largearea printed electronics, albeit at the expense of lowered resolution (~20-50 μm). We demonstrate that selective laser sintering and ablation of inkjet-printed metal nanoparticles enables low-temperature metal deposition as well as highresolution patterning. Combined with an air-stable carboxylate-functionalized polythiophene, all-inkjet-printed and laser-processed organic field effect transistors with micron to submicron critical feature resolution were fabricated in a fully maskless sequence, eliminating the need for any lithographic processes. All processing and characterization steps were carried out at plastic-compatible low temperatures and in air under ambient pressure. The fundamental mechanisms of the nanoparticle sintering process have been investigated by both Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations as well as in-situ probing.
Rapid Blue Tetrazolium Procedure for Analysis of Corticosteroids in Pharmaceutical Preparations

A rapid quantitative analysis of nine selected corticosteroids and corticosteroid esters at room temperature is described. The procedure is similar to the official blue tetrazolium reaction for corticosteroids, except that methylene chloride instead of alcohol USP is used as a solvent and the reagents are dissolved in or diluted with nonaqueous solvents. These two modifications reduce the medium polarity, which increases the reaction rate. The reactions are complete in 7-18 min, and the formazans are stable for at least 90 min. The results from 15 different pharmaceutical formulations, 12 containing hydrocortisone and three containing prednisolone acetate, show that the proposed method gives results that compare favorably with those obtained by the official blue tetrazolium, isoniazid, and phenylhydrazine procedures.
Plant viruses alter insect behavior to enhance their spread

Pathogens and parasites can induce changes in host or vector behavior that enhance their transmission. In plant systems, such effects are largely restricted to vectors, because they are mobile and may exhibit preferences dependent upon plant host infection status. Here we report the first evidence that acquisition of a plant virus directly alters host selection behavior by its insect vector. We show that the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, after acquiring Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) during in vitro feeding, prefers noninfected wheat plants, while noninfective aphids also fed in vitro prefer BYDV-infected plants. This behavioral change should promote pathogen spread since noninfective vector preference for infected plants will promote acquisition, while infective vector preference for noninfected hosts will promote transmission. We propose the “Vector Manipulation Hypothesis” to explain the evolution of strategies in plant pathogens to enhance their spread to new hosts. Our findings have implications for disease and vector management.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON DNA CONTENT AND CELL AND NUCLEAR VOLUME GROWTH IN THE DEVELOPING XYLEM CELLS OF CERTAIN HIGHER PLANTS

LIST, ALBERT, JR. (Douglass Coll., Rutgers U., New Brunswick, N. J.) Some observations on DNA content and cell and nuclear volume growth in the developing xylem cells of certain higher plants. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(4): 320-329. Illus. 1963.-The developing metaxylem cells of Acorus calamus roots undergo an over-all growth in cell and nuclear volume that may be expressed roughly as a constant ratio of relative growth rates. Within this over-all growth picture, however, there is a periodicity of both nuclear and cell volume growth. Other plants such as Peltandra, Eleocharis, and Dennstaedtia undergo a similar volume growth. Marsilea tracheary elements have an increase in nuclear number per cell by simultaneous divisions. Arisaema metaxylem nuclei go through a series of DNA doublings correlated with nuclear volume doubling and cell volume increase, at least up to the 16or 32-ploid level. The cells display some tendency to fall into size classes, expressing a pulsation in growth. A fluctuating alternation or stepwise growth of cell and nucleus appears to describe the data more suitably than the allometric growth equation. In Zea, the cell and nuclear volumes for metaxylem cells fit a fluctuating envelope better than the straight line, and there is again the probability that cell volumes fall into size classes related to nuclear volume class. The DNA content of the nuclei was determined to fall into a frequency distribution having peaks at the 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-ploid equivalent, agreeing with an earlier report for diploid maize. D)NA c3ntent was highly cgrrelated with nuclear volume in the over-all growth of the metaxylem
Vertical technology transfer via international outsourcing

Abstract To analyze the effect of vertical technology transfer on industrial development in lesser developed countries (LDCs), we develop a model in which the technology transferred to an LDC supplier by a developed country (DC) importer can diffuse to other LDC firms. Surprisingly, even if such diffusion in the LDC market leads to entry into the DC market, it can benefit both the initial DC importer and its initial LDC supplier by reducing the double marginalization problem. This effect does not depend upon whether firms compete in prices or quantities and exists even when the number of entrants into each market is endogenously determined.
Improved cardiovascular flow quantification with time-resolved volumetric phase-contrast MRI

Background Cardiovascular flow is commonly assessed with two-dimensional, phase-contrast MRI (2-D PC-MRI). However, scan prescription and acquisition over multiple planes is lengthy, often requires direct physician oversight and has inconsistent results. Time-resolved volumetric PC-MRI (4-D flow) may address these limitations.
Conformational stability of proline oligomers

Abstract Reexamination of the solution conformation of a series of N-Boc O-benzyl protected proline oligomers (dimer-hexamer) by 500 MHz NMR reveals that these oligomers adopt the poly-L-proline type II conformation in solution and do not require a critical chain length for conformational stability as has been previously reported.
Image segmentation with a Sobolev gradient method

Abstract The most effective methods for finding object boundaries in a digital image involve minimizing a functional over a set of curves or surfaces, where the functional includes internal energy terms for regularization and external energy terms that align the curves or surfaces with object boundaries. Current practice is to seek critical points of the energy functional by what amounts to a steepest descent iteration with the discretized L 2 gradient. Since the functional involves derivatives, a descent method with a discretized Sobolev gradient is likely to be much more efficient. We demonstrate this with test results for an implementation of a variational level set method for edge-based segmentation with active contours in two dimensions.
Effectiveness of surgical salvage therapy for patients with locally uncontrolled anal carcinoma after sphincter-conserving treatment

Locally persistent or recurrent anal carcinoma represents a clinically significant problem, the management of which remains the subject of some controversy. Although the few current data suggest that radical surgery remains the sole salvage treatment able to provide some chance of cure, some authors have reported disappointingly low success rates. The current study presents the outcome of patients who failed locally after receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for anal carcinoma.