cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A090: Identify molecular mechanisms that regulate the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activity

While checkpoint inhibitors are achieving stunning success in cancer treatment, one possible approach to improve the response rate is to enhance the initiation of anti-tumor immune response. Recently studies showed that the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway is essential for the innate immune response in dendritic cells to radiation treated tumor cells. Cytosolic DNA, as a danger signal, is sensed by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which produces the second messenger, 2939-cyclic AMP-GMP (cGAMP) to activate STING-mediated Type I interferon response. Despite the critical role of cGAS in anti-tumor immunity, how its activity is regulated remains poorly understood. To explore cGAS-regulating mechanisms in cells, we used mass spectrometry to study cGAS and its interacting partners during the course of DNA sensing. The results indicate that cGAS is phosphorylated at multiple serine and threonine residues. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the phosphorylation at Serine305 can potently inhibit the cGAMP-synthesis activity. Structural analysis illustrated that this phosphorylation site locates at the entrance of the active site, therefore the negatively charged phosphate group may sterically block the access of substrates, ATP and GTP. This serine is highly conserved in mammalian species, and locates within a cyclin kinase motif. Indeed, purified human CDK1-cyclin B complex, the dominant mitosis driver, can specifically phosphorylate this serine in vitro. The results suggest that the cGAS activity may coordinate with the cell cycle, and implies that the phosphorylation may limit the immunogenicity of tumor radiation therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Tuo Li, Zhijian J. Chen. Identify molecular mechanisms that regulate the GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A090.
Validating Use of Internet-Submitted Carbon Monoxide Values by Video to Determine Quit Status

Introduction Daily visits to biochemically verify continuous smoking abstinence via expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) may deter participation in cessation trials. One way to reduce need for daily visits while continuing to monitor abstinence success may be use of a recent procedure to verify abstinence from daily CO values via the Internet. This method requires participants submit to study staff video recordings of themselves correctly using a CO monitor. However, it has not been clearly demonstrated that those classified quit via Internet-submitted videos of CO would be reliably classified quit when assessed in lab. Methods Our study examined agreement in quit status from Internet-submitted CO values with quit status via CO collected in later same-day lab visits. Participants (n = 23) were from a short-term cessation study who agreed to record and submit videos of offsite CO testing, in addition to attending daily lab visits. All CO values were obtained via Bedfont pico+ Smokerlyzer monitors, with CO < 8 ppm indicating quit. During two 4-day practice quit attempts, a video was submitted before daily lab visits, up to eight videos each. Results Of the total of 150 videos submitted, 97 videos indicated "not quit" and 53 "quit." Cohen's Kappa indicated substantial agreement in quit status between assessments, 0.70, p < .001, as 85% of the videos indicating "quit" CO were also "quit" CO in lab. Conclusions To our knowledge, these results are the first validation of daily Internet-submitted CO values to confirm daily quit status, supporting the utility of this approach for close monitoring of continuous abstinence. Implications This study compared consistency between quit status from CO values submitted over the Internet and quit status via CO collected in later same-day lab visits. Findings indicate substantial agreement in quit status between these two methods of CO assessment. Our results validate the use of Internet-submitted CO values to verify daily quit status. This method can be used in future cessation trials as a means to biochemically validate continuous abstinence without the burden of daily lab visits or relying on self-report of recent smoking lapses.
Basing cryptography on biometrics and other noisy data

We provide formal definitions and efficient secure techniques for — turning biometric information into keys usable for any cryptographic application, and — reliably and securely authenticating biometric data.
Exposure profiling of potentially genotoxic constituents in complex mixtures

H are constantly exposed to mixtures, such as vehicle exhaust or occupational exposures, containing several thousand compounds, including many known human carcinogens. Covalent binding to DNA and formation of stable adducts is believed to be the causal link between exposure and carcinogenesis. DNA and protein adducts are well established biomarkers for the internal dose. Technical limitations, however, have prevented simultaneous and comprehensive detection of a broad spectrum of adducts. To overcome this limitation, we present here our efforts for establishing methodology suitable for comprehensive exposure assessment using the N-terminal valine adduct profile as biomarker. The method was evaluated using alkylated peptide standards and globin reacted in vitro with known alkylating agents, including butadiene monoand di-epoxides (DEB), ethylene oxide, styrene oxide, ethylnitrosourea (ENU), propylene oxide and methyl methanesulfonate. Interestingly, ENU formed a carbamoylated adduct but none of the expected ethyl adducts. Subsequently, the method was applied to human globin samples. DEB-specific pyr-Val adducts, carbamoylated and methylated adducts were clearly detected in patients with no known exposure and represent background derived from the environment. The intra-day CV was ≤39% and inter-day CV was ≤50% for all detectable adducts. These patients were subsequently given tresulfan, a precursor to DEB, as an immunosuppressant for liver transplantation. The drug treatment caused a 2-fold increase of pyr-val adducts, demonstrating that the method can in fact determine chemical(drug) induced adduct formation. The preliminary results suggest that the new design is suitable for human bio-monitoring of exposures to mixtures. Global exposure profiling reveal adduct profile that are distinctively different between various (I have to see which groups I will chose for that conference) exposure groups.
Making a Diagnosis

The field of male infertility has witnessed major advancements over the past few decades both in the diagnostic and treatment modalities being utilized. Such advancements resulted in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of male infertility and allowed for a cause directed approach to management. In this chapter, we aim to review these diagnostic tools exploring the evidence associated with them.
What comes after the Early Goal Directed Therapy for sepsis era

The idea of sepsis was introduced in the literature in the 4 th century BCE by the ancient Greek Hippocrates when animal and plant decomposition (σηψις, rot) was reported. In the 11 th century, Avicenna described the process of acute inflammation and purulence formation, a “blood rot”, and he included body temperature, heart rate, and the state of body fluids in his description (1). However, the word “sepsis” was not used until the 19 th century. Over the past 30 years, the need to understand the underlying pathophysiological process and to identify better clinical criteria for early detection of sepsis has rapidly evolved because of the increasing number of patients with sepsis receiving advanced organ support systems, including mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, has taxed health care systems (2,3). Furthermore, our awareness of the morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with this condition has increased.
Victims’ role in the criminal justice system: A statutory analysis of victims’ rights in U.S.

In theory, crime victims have several rights and privileges—ranging from the rights to be heard to the right to confer with the prosecution. However, they are still considered as the forgotten indi...
Relationship of Sport Tourism Management with the Appropriate Marketing Mixtures Usage for Sport Tourism: Case Study of Sport Club in Buriram Province, Thailand

The purposes of this research are to study the level of the Sport Tourism Management in Buriram province, to study the Appropriate Usage of Marketing Mixtures for Sport Tourism in Buriram province and to study the Relationship between Sport Tourism Management with the Appropriate Usage of Marketing Mixtures for Sport Tourism: Case Study of Sport Club in Buriram province. Sample group is the total of 384 tourists that toured at Sport Clubs in Buriram province. Instrument is Questionnaire and the statistics used are mean, t-Test, Pearson’s simple correlation moment. The study found that the level of Sport Tourism Management in overall is in good level, the level of the Appropriate Usage of Marketing Mixtures for Sport Tourism in overall is in good level and also found that Sport Tourism Management with the Appropriate Usage of Marketing Mixtures for Sport Tourism in overall has relationship in high level of the statistical significant level of .01 and with the coefficient correlation value of .787.
Design considerations for reducing sample loss in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices

The field of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) is most notably characterized by portable and low-cost analysis; however, struggles to achieve the high sensitivity and low detection limits needs required for many environmental applications hinder widespread adoption of this technology. Loss of analyte to the device material represents an important problem impacting sensitivity. Critically, we found that at least 50% of a Ni(II) sample is lost when being transported down a 30 mm paper channel that is representative of structures commonly found in μPADs. In this work, we report simple strategies such as adding a waste zone, enlarging the detection zone, and using an elution step to increase device performance. A μPAD combining the best performing functionalities led to a 78% increase in maximum signal and a 28% increase in sensitivity when transporting Ni(II) samples. Using the optimized μPAD also led to a 94% increase in maximum signal for Mn(II) samples showing these modifications can be applied more generally.
Against the Odds: Multiethnic and Multiracial Students Surviving in US Schools

This statement was made by a multiracial and/or multiethnic person reflecting on his/her experiences in Pre/Kindergarten–12th (P/K–12) schools in the USA (Cruz-Janzen, 1997). Multiethnic and/or multiracial persons, considered persons of color in the USA, agreed that their parents held high expectations for their educational achievement but often expressed their parents’ distrust of the educational system’s ability and willingness to provide equitable treatment and opportunities for them (see Zajda et al., 2006; Zajda, 2008a). They articulated their parents’ hopes for a better life for them and the conscious steps their parents took to facilitate their entrance into mainstream society and schools. The preparation started at home either throughout early childhood, or in anticipation of formal schooling, and continued across their educational experiences.
Is the Mauthner Cell a Vertebrate Command Neuron? A Neuroethological Perspective on an Evolving Concept

The command neuron concept has been particularly influential in neurobiology because it provides a mechanism to explain how behavior patterns might be triggered by particular combinations of stimuli. Wiersma and Ikeda (1964) proposed that command neurons are cells that receive convergent sensory input and then trigger pattern generating circuits responsible for mediating behavioral acts. According to this hypothesis, the command neuron is neither motor nor sensory. Instead, it serves as a critical decision making unit, a type of neural pushbutton, which is responsible for triggering a particular behavior or distinct component of a behavioral sequence (for review see Kupfermann and Weiss, 1978). A significant problem, however, has been the design of experiments that would convincingly demonstrate the concept. This is because of the difficulty of describing the underlying neural circuitry and then determining its function in behaving animals: A major question has been to decide appropriate criteria that must be applied to explain how behavioral acts are caused by the interactions in the neural networks.
Obesity-Stigma as a Multifaceted Constraint to Leisure

The sharp increase in obesity prevalence has led to its classification as an international crisis and the number one health epidemic in the United States. Along with implications to physical health...
Exploiting ambient noise for coherent processing of mobile vector sensor arrays

A network of mobile sensors, such as vector sensors mounted to drifting floats, can be used as an array for locating acoustic sources in an ocean environment. Accurate localization using coherent processing on such an array dictates the locations of sensor elements must be well-known. Achieving this for a mobile, submerged array composed of individual drifting sensors is usually challenging. However the coherent processing of the ambient acoustic noise between sensor pairs can provide the separation distance between them and thus an opportunity to correct sensor location errors. Here a stochastic search algorithm is presented for identifying hidden coherent noise arrivals when the separation distance is changing faster than the required averaging time to extract such arrivals from a fixed sensor pair. The accuracy of this method matches that of GPS-derived array element positioning and its performance is shown to be improved when using directional vector sensors instead of omnidirectional hydrophones. The proposed approach is demonstrated experimentally using ambient noise recorded by drifting vector sensors deployed in the Long Island Sound and is used to enable tracking of surface ships by coherent processing of the drifting sensors.
Productive pitfalls in the phonetic pursuit of psycholinguistic questions

Coarticulation in adult speech spans multiple segments, including across syllable and word boundaries. Little in the way of comparable data is available for child speech, where the focus has been on within-syllable anticipatory effects. Still, the developmental studies indicate that anticipatory coarticulation within a syllable is as strong in child speech as in adult speech, and perhaps stronger. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that words are fundamental units of production under the long-held assumption that anticipatory coarticulation reflects speech motor planning. Our current work leverages this same assumption to investigate age-related changes in the structure of the speech plan. A related goal is to characterize the development of long-distance anticipatory coarticulation. For example, we are testing the hypothesis that younger children’s plan consists of more fully individuated word-sized production units than the plan guiding older children’s and adults’ speech in sentence elicitation experiments, where the initial boundary of a production unit is operationalized as the onset of lip rounding. The work has propelled us to develop a novel psycholinguistic measure of coarticulation, and is now leading us to question the concept of a speech plan and the nature of anticipatory coarticulation. [Work supported by NIH award number R01HD087452.] Coarticulation in adult speech spans multiple segments, including across syllable and word boundaries. Little in the way of comparable data is available for child speech, where the focus has been on within-syllable anticipatory effects. Still, the developmental studies indicate that anticipatory coarticulation within a syllable is as strong in child speech as in adult speech, and perhaps stronger. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that words are fundamental units of production under the long-held assumption that anticipatory coarticulation reflects speech motor planning. Our current work leverages this same assumption to investigate age-related changes in the structure of the speech plan. A related goal is to characterize the development of long-distance anticipatory coarticulation. For example, we are testing the hypothesis that younger children’s plan consists of more fully individuated word-sized production units than the plan guiding older children’s and adults’ speech in sentence elicita...
vEPC-sec : Securing LTE Network Functions Virtualization on Public Cloud

Public cloud offers economy of scale to adapt workload changes in an autonomic manner, maximizing the use of resources. Through network function virtualization (NFV), network operators can move LTE core to the cloud; hence removing their dependency on carrier-grade LTE network functions. Recent research efforts discuss performance, latency, and fault tolerance of LTE NFV, largely ignoring the security aspects. In this paper, we discover new vulnerabilities that LTE NFV face today with no standard solutions to address them. These vulnerabilities span at both LTE control and user planes. To address them, we propose vEPC-sec that cryptographically secures LTE control-plane signaling messages in the cloud. It provides distributed key management and key derivation schemes to derive shared-symmetric keys for securing the communication between any two network functions. Our approach provides encryption and integrity protection to the messages even during virtual machines scalability and failure recovery scenarios. vEPC-sec also prevents user-plane vulnerabilities by ensuring that LTE routing modules should faithfully forward the LTE subscriber packets.
Thiourea catalysis of NCS in the synthesis of α-chloroketones

Thiourea catalyzes NCS α-chlorination of alkyl ketones to provide α-chloroketones in very high yields at exceptionally rapid reaction speeds.
Current smoking and quit-attempts among US adults following Medicaid expansion.

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid Expansion on current smoking and quit attempts in expanded and non-expanded states. We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) between 2003 through 2015 to evaluate changes in current smoking and quit attempts using multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE), adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Time periods evaluated were: 2003–2009 (pre-expansion) and 2011–2015 (post-expansion), and in supplemental analysis, also 2011–2017. Overall, smoking prevalence among adults in expanded and non-expanded states were 16% and 17% (p
Application 1: A Typical Election Poll

The article reprinted here from the Gainesville Sun appeared close to the end of the presidential race among Bush, Clinton, and Perot. Read the article carefully before studying the material presented in the following paragraphs. As you go through this discussion, make sure all of the statements are justified, and try to answer the open questions left for the reader.
Inn Civility: Urban Taverns and Early American Civil Society

In the book Inn Civility: Urban Taverns and Early American Civil Society, Vaughn Scribner, a historian at the University of Central Arkansas, shows readers how the quintessential spaces for food, d...
Wide-field imaging in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. For decades, 7-field 30-degree fundus imaging has been the gold standard for DR classification. The aim of this review article is to discuss how the advent of ultra-wide-field (UWF) fundus imaging has changed the management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Current data suggests that UWF imaging, as compared to conventional Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) fields, detects additional and more extensive PDR pathologies. DR lesions, captured by UWF imaging outside of ETDRS fields, likely carry prognostication value. UWF imaging represents a major advancement in the detection and management of DR. It remains unclear whether, when and how patients, with PDR changes only peripheral to standard ETDRS fields, should be treated. A larger, prospective, randomized clinical trial is also needed to compare the efficacy of UWF image-guided targeted laser photocoagulation with that of conventional panretinal photocoagulation.
Ephemeral Secrets: Multi-Party Secret Key Acquisition for Secure IEEE 802.11 Mobile Ad Hoc Communication

Mobile ad hoc networks consist of wireless nodes and can be established quickly with minimal configuration and cost, because, they do not require any infrastructure in advance. Civil and military applications are using them extensively in emergency and mission-oriented scenarios respectively as multi-party communication systems. Whereas, the multi-party secret key acquisition is one of the acute issues in these low resource wireless ad hoc networks, especially, which are based on IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.11ba (low power WiFi), IEEE 802.15.4(Zigbee), BLE, IEEE 802.15.6 (body-worn or wearable) devices. In this study, a novel low cost and robust approach has been proposed and tested to establish an identical secret key in a multi-user mobile ad hoc environment. We believe, it is one of the groundbreaking contributions toward establishing a cost-effective secret key acquisition solution with respect to memory, computation, and bandwidth. We have used Bloom-Filters to cope with these resource limitations of such wireless setups. The proposed approach has been tested using IEEE 802.11 adapters in a real environment, and we found it to be highly suitable for wireless resource-limited applications.
Photo-Degradation of Therapeutic Proteins: Mechanistic Aspects.

Purpose: Therapeutic proteins are sensitive to photo-degradation by UV A and visible light. As none of the essential amino acids exhibits significant absorption in the UV A and visible light regions, the underlying mechanisms of photo-degradation induced by UV A and visible light are not well understood. This review addresses potential mechanisms, by which protein structure, oxidative modifications or impurities can promote the photo-degradation of therapeutic proteins during the exposure to UV A and visible light.
Original ContributionsManaging dyspepsia: what do we know and what do we need to know?

Objective: The conceptual revolution concerning the role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease has raised the larger question of how to integrate this new information into the management of patients with dyspepsia. The aim of this research was to critically evaluate current knowledge about dyspepsia and its management. Methods: Relevant articles on dyspepsia were identified from MEDLINE searches and from the bibliographies of identified articles. Studies that contained information on the prevalence of dyspepsia, endoscopic findings, and evaluations of alternative management strategies were reviewed. Results: By coupling H. pylori serological testing with clinical factors such as age and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, strategies have been developed that identify patients with organic disease. Although the use of these strategies can reduce the volume of endoscopies, their effects on dyspepsia symptoms are unknown. Computerized decision analysis models have been used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies. The indirect evidence obtained from these models suggests that empiric therapy, guided by H. pylori testing, may be the preferred approach. However, the models have been hampered by the lack of information concerning dyspepsia symptoms, the primary health outcome of the majority of patients seen in primary practice settings. Conclusions: Currently, the knowledge needed to integrate H. pylori tests and antimicrobial therapies into the management of patients with dyspepsia in primary practice settings has not been developed. A pressing need exists for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate alternative management strategies. In conducting such a trial, valid, reliable instruments for measuring dyspepsia will be needed.
A Study on the Relevance of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Level Screening in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Prior to Initiating Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine.

Objective Drug-induced hemolytic anemia can occur in patients with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The practice of G6PD-deficiency screening in the rheumatology field has been inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the utility of screening prior to the initiation of hydroxychloroquine and/or sulfasalazine in rheumatology patients in the ambulatory clinics at Stony Brook University Hospital, New York. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of cases of rheumatic diseases that were screened for G6PD deficiency at Stony Brook University Hospital ambulatory clinics. Demographic details and relevant clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected. The data from similar studies in the literature were searched for and reviewed. Results This study consisted of 228 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjogren's syndrome. Among those patients, 94.7% received hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, or dapsone; 41% (89/228) of patients were screened for G6PD deficiency, and the majority of them were on treatment with hydroxychloroquine. Of those patients, 7.9% (five Caucasians and two African Americans) were found to have G6PD deficiency, and two of the G6PD-deficient patients received hydroxychloroquine. There was no incidence of hemolytic anemia documented in any of the seven patients with G6PD deficiency. We reviewed the literature and found three similar studies of patients receiving hydroxychloroquine with no reported hemolytic anemia from different medical centers in the US, and the frequency of G6PD deficiency reported in these studies was 1.4%, 4.0%, and 4.2%, respectively. Conclusions Our study suggests that the frequency of G6PD deficiency in our rheumatic population is similar to that of the general population, and the risk of hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency associated with hydroxychloroquine is extremely rare. Hence, G6PD screening may not be recommended prior to starting treatment with hydroxychloroquine.
Glucose control and cognitive and physical function in adults 80+ years of age with diabetes.

Introduction We modeled associations between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ( 8%) and cognitive and physical function among adults 80+ years of age with diabetes and determined whether associations differ by frailty, multimorbidity, and disability. Methods A total of 316, adults with diabetes, 80+ years of age, were from the Adult Changes in Thought Study. The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument Item Response Theory (CASI-IRT) measured cognition. Short performance-based physical function (sPPF) and gait speed measured physical function. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were from clinical measurements. Analyses estimated associations between average HbA1c levels ( 8%) and functional outcomes using linear regressions estimated with generalized estimating equations. Results sPPF scores did not differ significantly by HbA1c levels. Gait speed did, but only for non-frail individuals; those with HbA1c >8% were slower (-0.10 m/s [95% CI, -0.16 to -0.04]) compared to those with HbA1c 7% to 8%. The association between HbA1c and CASI-IRT varied with age (interaction P = 0.04). At age 80, for example, relative to people with HbA1c levels of 7% to 8%, CASI-IRT scores were, on average, 0.18 points lower (95% CI, -0.35 to -0.02) for people with HbA1c 8%. At older ages, these estimated differences were attenuated. Estimated associations were not modified by multimorbidity or disability. Discussion Moderate HbA1c levels of 7% to 8% were associated with better cognition in early but not late octogenarians with diabetes. Furthermore, HbA1c >8% was associated with slower gait speed among those without frailty. These results add to an evidence base for determining glucose targets for very old adults with diabetes.
The Effect of Body Mass Index and Weight-Adjusted Fluid Dosing on Mortality in Sepsis.

Purpose:The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend 30 mL/kg of fluids within 3 hours (30by3) of sepsis-induced hypoperfusion, but a national mandate released an allowance for dosing based o...
Personality and Work-Related Distress

The study of how personality affects the emotional lives of workers is not new (Weiss & Brief, 2001). For example, Fisher and Hanna (1931), in their classic The Dissatisﬁed Worker, addressed the problem of emotional maladjustment, which they described as a variety of “disturbances of personality which affect individual adjustment in every phase of life” (Viteles, 1932, p. 586). In regard to this maladjustment, Fisher and Hanna observed that it “breeds within him [the worker] dissatisfaction and thwarts him in his search for happiness and success. Inasmuch as his feelings and emotions are inherent aspects of himself, he carries them with him, so to speak, into every situation he enters. Now, since he does not usually know the reason of his dissatisfaction, does not understand the why for and nature of his maladjustment, it is not surprising that he very frequently attaches or attributes it (his dissatisfaction) to his work or his working situation” (pp. vii-viii).
Comparing sexual misconduct incidents in Annual Security Reports and Title IX coordinator data: Do policies increase reporting.

OBJECTIVE Few studies have compared measures of sexual misconduct reporting, and there are few assessments of campus policies on reporting. METHODS Using data from New York institutions of higher education (IHEs) (N = 209) we compare the number of sexual misconduct incidents reported in Annual Security Reports (ASRs) and to Title IX coordinators, and explore the relationship between policies and reporting across both measures, while controlling for institutional factors. RESULTS The majority of IHEs had higher numbers of sexual misconduct incidents reported to Title IX coordinators than reported in ASR data. Student bills of rights were associated with higher reporting in ASRs no policies were associated with reporting to Title IX coordinators. CONCLUSIONS Campus sexual misconduct is both a public policy and a public health problem; we must advance the role of data and data-driven decision-making in crafting evidenced-based solutions.
Albireo: energy-efficient acceleration of convolutional neural networks via silicon photonics

With the end of Dennard scaling, highly-parallel and specialized hardware accelerators have been proposed to improve the throughput and energy-efficiency of deep neural network (DNN) models for various applications. However, collective data movement primitives such as multicast and broadcast that are required for multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) computation in DNN models are expensive, and require excessive energy and latency when implemented with electrical networks. This consequently limits the scalability and performance of electronic hardware accelerators. Emerging technology such as silicon photonics can inherently provide efficient implementation of multicast and broadcast operations, making photonics more amenable to exploit parallelism within DNN models. Moreover, when coupled with other unique features such as low energy consumption, high channel capacity with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and high speed, silicon photonics could potentially provide a viable technology for scaling DNN acceleration. In this paper, we propose Albireo, an analog photonic architecture for scaling DNN acceleration. By characterizing photonic devices such as microring resonators (MRRs) and Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) using photonic simulators, we develop realistic device models and outline their capability for system level acceleration. Using the device models, we develop an efficient broadcast combined with multicast data distribution by leveraging parameter sharing through unique WDM dot product processing. We evaluate the energy and throughput performance of Albireo on DNN models such as ResNet18, MobileNet and VGG16. When compared to current state-of-the-art electronic accelerators, Albireo increases throughput by 110 X, and improves energy-delay product (EDP) by an average of 74 X with current photonic devices. Furthermore, by considering moderate and aggressive photonic scaling, the proposed Albireo design shows that EDP can be reduced by at least 229 X.
Current Ideas and Methods for Calculation of Ground State Properties of Solids

The purpose of my contribution to this NATO Institute is to provide background for understanding the progress that has been made recently in the field of calculation of the properties of solids in their electronic ground state. I will attempt to give my perspective on the fundamental concepts, the most significant steps in the development of current methods, important results of calculations, and directions for future research. Although this is not meant to be a comprehensive review, I will attempt to describe the breadth of current work, giving examples of diverse methods and applications. This paper is organized to discuss the basic many-body problem in Section II, the techniques for ab initio solutions in Sections in Sections Ill and IV, and results of calculations in Section V. The notation and perspective that is presented here builds upon the published work by D.J. Chadi, H. Wendel, K. Kunc, O. H. Nielsen, and myself.1–11 Other papers in this proceedings by Kunc12 and Nielsen13 will present further insights into the general theory and specific results.
Nootropics And Foods

Food, diet, vitamins, trace elements, minerals, and additives have been part of folk treatments for mental disorders dating back to itinerant peddlers of snake oil. Foods are often touted by those outside the traditional medical mainstream as substitutes for established treatments. Parents often besiege the practitioner with unproved remedies because they may sound more benign and “natural” than drugs or behavior modification. Unproved dietary remedies are frequently promoted by alternative practitioners seeking a competitive advantage in the marketplace of mental health services. These practitioners often target psychopharmacology as “unnatural” and dangerous compared to the beneficent natural use of foods and diet, thus playing upon parental anxieties and allegiances to holistic medicine.
Preclinical Pharmacology of Metrifonate

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, behavioral disturbances, and deficits in activities of daily living. A consistent observation in these patients is that cholinergic neurons are affected and deteriorate over time, leading to decreased levels of acetylcholine (ACh). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, which attempt to prevent the breakdown of ACh, may be classified as short acting, intermediate acting, and long acting based on AChE regeneration time. Metrifonate is converted by a nonenzymatic process to the long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition produced by metrifonate occurs rapidly, is dose dependent, can be detected by inhibition measured in red blood cells, and can be reversed by oxime administration. Metrifonate and DDVP improved performance in young rats; cognitive improvement in aged rats also was observed. Both agents were well tolerated and did not have significant effects on various preclinical pharmacologic safety tests.
Eddy-Current Measurements of Corrosion-Related Thinning in Aluminium Lap Splices

The aging commercial aviation fleet requires new methods for detecting and characterizing corrosion. In particular, the need exists for a rapid and reliable method of nondestructively detecting and characterizing corrosion in layered aircraft skins. Aircraft skin consists of thin aluminum sheet. There are many joints at which these sheets are overlapped and attached to the airframe by fasteners that extend through the sheets and into the substructure. The overlapping aluminum sheets are generally separated by a thin gap, which may be filled with a sealant. Because of the overlapping nature of such joints, the second sheet and the substructure are not directly accessible from the surface.
The Computational Complexity of GLR Parsing

The Tomita parsing algorithm adapts Knuth’s (1967) well-known parsing algorithm for LR(K) grammars to non-LR grammars, including ambiguous grammars. Knuth’s algorithm is provably efficient: it requires at most O(n|G|) units of time, where \G\ is the size of (i.e. the number of symbols in) G and n is the length of the string to be parsed. This is often significantly better than the O(n 3|G|2) worst case time required by standard parsing algorithms such as the Earley algorithm. Since the Tomita algorithm is closely related to Knuth’s algorithm, one might expect that it too is provably more efficient than the Earley algorithm, especially as actual computational implementations of Tomita’s algorithm outperform implementations of the Earley algorithm (Tomita 1986, 1987).
Filling the Gap: Trends in and Factors Related to Infant Feeding Choice in the U.S. from 1925-1964

Identifying infant feeding (IF) practices of the mothers of the nurse daughters in the Nurses' Health Cohort Studies provides early life data to link to the daughter's adult disease risk. The objective is to describe the rates of exclusive breastfeeding (XBR); of ever breastfeeding i.e. XBR plus breast and bottle-feeding (Ever BR); and of exclusive bottle-feeding (XBot) from 1925-1964; and to identify the factors influencing IF choice by birth cohort via a retrospective cohort in the Nurses' Health Cohort Studies (N= 39,743). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for Ever BR and XBR. 80% of mothers in the Great Depression Ever BR and this rate steadily declined to 37% in 1964. A declining trend also appeared in XBR from 41% to 10%. Factors positively associated with Ever BR were: any maternal college education compared to <12 years of education and delivering a low or high compared to normal birth weight nurse daughter. Factors negatively associated with Ever...
Completion time scheduling and the WSRPT algorithm

We consider the online scheduling problem of minimizing the total weighted and unweighted completion time on identical parallel machines with preemptible jobs. We show a new general lower bound of 21/19≈1.105 on the competitive ratio of any deterministic online algorithm for the unweighted problem and $\frac{16-\sqrt{14}}{11} \approx 1.114$ for the weighted problem. We then analyze the performance of the natural online algorithm WSRPT (Weighted Shortest Remaining Processing Time). We show that WSRPT is 2-competitive. We also prove that the lower bound on the competitive ratio of WSRPT for this problem is 1.215.
A framework for high-level synthesis of system on chip designs

A system on chip (SoC) library for MOSIS scalable CMOS rules has been developed It is intended for use with Synopsys and Cadence Design Systems electronic design automation tools. Students can also use layout tools for semi-custom designs and insert them with the proposed design flow. Scalable submicron rules are used for the cell library, allowing it to be used for several AMI and TSMC technologies. Consequently, it is possible to fabricate student projects as well as do research in system on chip design through the MOSIS educational program. All steps in the design flow are fully automated with scripts and have been tested successfully in a large VLSI design class at the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Investigating Parallel Genetic Algorithms on Job Shop Scheduling Problems

This paper describes a GA for job shop scheduling problems. Using the Giffler and Thompson algorithm, we created two new operators, THX crossover and mutation, which better transmit temporal relationships in the schedule. The approach produced excellent results on standard benchmark job shop scheduling problems. We further tested many models and scales of parallel GAs in the context of job shop scheduling problems. In our experiments, the hybrid model consisting of coarse-grain GAs connected in a fine-grain-GA-style topology performed best, appearing to integrate successfully the advantages of coarse-grain and fine-grain GAs.
Strategies to Increase the Physical Activity Participation of Young Adults with Asperger Syndrome in Community Programs

Currently one in 50 American school-age children is diagnosed with Autism. Although Asperger Syndrome is no longer acknowledged as a separate diagnosis, this article refers to high-functioning individuals with Autism as having Asperger Syndrome, since it is a culturally relevant term. One of the most challenging times for individuals with Asperger Syndrome is the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, as they have to establish their role within their community. Thus, practitioners are challenged to provide adequate and appropriate opportunities for individuals with Asperger Syndrome to engage in meaningful community programs during this period of transition. Physical activity has been found to improve the mental health of individuals with Asperger Syndrome, but the majority of them are not meeting the national physical activity guidelines. The purpose of this article is to discuss the barriers that these individuals face to physical activity participation and present strategies based on self-dete...
Neurogenesis and differentiation of sympathetic B and C cells in the bullfrog tadpole.

The relation between birthdates of sympathetic neurons and their subsequent differentiation into cutaneous B cells and vasomotor C cells was examined in paravertebral ganglia 9 and 10 of the bullfrog tadpole. Neurons undergoing terminal cell division were identified by injecting tadpoles repeatedly with 5′-bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) for one to six developmental stages between III and XXI. After allowing the tadpoles to enter late metamorphic stages (XX-XXV), the ganglia were double immunostained for BRDU and neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY is a marker for mature C-type neurons (Horn et al., 1987). Double-labeled neurons were readily discerned through use of distinct black and brown HRP reaction products and also because immunoreactivity for BRDU was localized in nuclei while that for NPY was localized in perinuclear cytoplasm. Counts of labeled cells showed that neurogenesis occurs throughout limb bud and paddle stages, and that it ceases during early foot stages (XII- XIV), a time coinciding with the onset of NPY expression. By contrast, the labeling of non-neuronal satellite cells with BRDU was most common weeks later during metamorphic stages. Irrespective of their birthdates, about half of the BRDU-labeled neurons were also positive for NPY immunoreactivity. This proportion of NPY-positive cells is indistinguishable from that in the entire adult ganglia (Horn et al., 1987). In addition to establishing that neurogenesis and gliogenesis occurs during tadpole stages, the results indicate that the onset of NPY expression by vasomotor C neurons is unrelated to their time of origin. In other words, the last wave of neurogenesis in sympathetic ganglia does not give rise to a specific subclass of sympathetic neurons.
Poster abstract: an energy-balanced transmission scheme for sensor networks

Low energy consumption is one of the design challenges for data transmission for sensor networks. We identify the drawbacks of two conventional data transmission protocols, in terms of balance of energy consumption. We propose an approach to balance energy consumption, and present the theoretical analysis and approximate methods of our approach. Preliminary simulation results show that our approach can achieve a longer overall lifetime of a sensor network.
PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PHASE DIAGRAMS AND SUPERLATTICES OF ORGANICALLY FUNCTIONALIZED METAL NANOCRYSTAL MONOLAYERS: THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, AND SURFACE PASSIVANT

The phase behavior of organically passivated 20−75 A diameter Ag and Au nanocrystals is investigated by examining surface−area isotherms of Langmuir monolayers and transmission electron micrographs of Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films. The effects of temperature, organic passivant chain length, and nanocrystal size and composition are studied. Three distinct types of phase behavior are observed and may be classified in terms of the extra (conical) volume (Ve) available to the alkyl capping group as it extends from a nearly spherical metal core. For Ve > 350 A3, the phase diagram is dominated by extended, low-dimensional structures that, at high pressures, compress into a two-dimensional foamlike phase. This behavior is rationalized as originating from the interpenetration of the ligand shells of adjacent particles. For Ve Ve > 150 A3, the particles condense to form closest packed structures, which, for suffici...
Session 8 - Characterization and test methods for device variability in nanoscale technologies

With scaling of CMOS towards nano-scale technologies, device variability and reliability is emerging as a major challenge for circuit design in such technologies. Hence, accurate measurement and characterization of sources of device variations and reliability degradations is very critical for coming up with appropriate circuit design techniques to mitigate such device non-idealities, as well as to insure the device manufacturability and yield. This session presents cutting-edge papers on effective measurement methods for characterization of gate dielectric breakdown, threshold voltage variations, delay variations, and an effective testing of multi-core SOC under process variations.
Should we test hepatitis C virus genotype and viraemia level in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Summary. Hepatitis C is a major health problem and at present, interferon-α is the only therapy of proven use. Two viral factors, namely HCV genotype and viraemia levels, have been studied extensively for their possible role in the clinical management of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of these two viral factors and provide recommendations as to how these two parameters should be used by general practitioners, practising gastroenterologists/hepatologists, and investigators in 1997.