cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suitability for Infill Development: A multi-criteria and Spatial Assessment Approach

Studies on the capacity of vacant sites for infill development have been limited to the analysis of parcels potential for infill, rather than a systematic measure of the accurate amount of parcels suitable for this type of development. Mostly, central city development has been the locale for potential developable sites, yielding only a very few parcels suitable for infill. Additionally, very limited studies have examined infill development in the context of suburban areas (Wiley, 2009) or small towns. This paper, as part of a broader funded research on unincorporated communities in Zapata County, develops a multi-criteria analysis method for parcels' suitability for infill development; this method could further be applied to other areas and regions. A spatial analysis method using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was utilized to develop the assessment model. Pertaining to the theme of this year's conference, this method extends beyond the institutionalization of the inquiry within the discipline of architecture; it intersects with other disciplines such as urban planning, and housing and land development. The inquiry includes: a review of relevant studies and applications of GIS insustainable urban planning, the creation of a code system for developable sites through the evaluation of eligible parcels in accordance with eight criteria, and a summing up of parcels' composite scores. A compartmentalization of this final score – using an ordinal scale - is what created each parcel's ranking for suitability. This ranking method, unlike the preceding assessments, retrieved a larger amount of vacant parcels suitable for infill by intertwining GIS with multi-criteria coding. The method is feasible and traceable at both the county and city levels; it creates visual mapping outputs that could easily by adopted by other communities in urbanized and peri-urbanized areas alike. City architects and planners could utilize this methodto support future policies for land development, rezoning, and land use that leverage smart growth principles.
Have Farmers Lost Their Uniqueness

Modern technology, communication, transportation, and economics have transformed the farming industry and may have altered the typical farmer's character and personality. However, this study concludes that farmers have not lost their uniqueness. Results indicate that farmers differ from the general population in some aspects of morality, political ideology, work ethic, and outlook. Compared with the general population, the farm family is more stable, and the typical farmer is more religious, politically more conservative, and happier and more satisfied with some aspects of life. In many respects, particularly those concerning work ethic and outlook, farmers are not significantly different from others. They are more satisfied with their jobs, which appears to be a function of self-employment. As a group, farmers are among the better-adjusted members of society. They are optimistic and have a healthy outlook in terms of interpersonal relationships and general viewpoint.
Reflections on the pathogenesis of Down syndrome

Present efforts to identify, isolate, and characterize in molecular terms the "consensus" segment of 21q sufficient to cause most of the major and some of the most characteristic minor manifestations of Down syndrome will soon provide answers to many questions. However, we think that a reductionist approach to explain the Down syndrome phenotype in a "linear" manner from the DNA sequence of the segment will be doomed to failure from the outset because of the open, complex, nonlinear, hierarchical nature of morphogenetic systems. Neo-Darwinism is under strong attack; most genetic changes accumulated over time may very well be of neutral effect, and detailed studies in several related groups of vertebrate species has shown that molecular and organismal evolution are largely independent of one another. It has been pointed out recently that biology lacks a theory of ontogenetic and phylogenetic development, and that a purely "genocentric" view of biology at the expense of the complexly hierarchical intrinsic epigenetic attributes of developmental systems is "out of focus with respect to ... biological organization and morphogenesis," and may be "a residue of nineteenth century romantic idealism." Down syndrome impresses us as a paradigm of increased developmental variability due to a deceleration of the rate of development (neoteny) with many anomalies of incomplete morphogenesis (vestigia), atavisms, increased morphometric variability with many decreased means, increased variances, and increased fluctuating asymmetry. These abnormalities, together with highly increased risk of prenatal death and postnatal morbidity, impaired growth, and abnormal CNS and gonadal structure and function characteristic of most aneuploidy syndromes, suggest to us that the pathogenesis of Down syndrome is best viewed in terms of the mechanisms of speciation. Transgenic experiment involving sequential or overlapping pieces of "the consensus segment" on distal 21q22.1-22.3 may help decide to what extent the Down syndrome phenotype can be resolved into the additive effect of several pleiotropic oligogenes with epistatic interaction or the indirect secondary "mass" effect of a specific segment of 21q with epistatic interaction involving multiple loci on 21q and other chromosomes.
Necitumumab: a new therapeutic option for squamous cell lung cancer?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) accounts for 25% to 30% of all non-small lung carcinoma (NSCLC) diagnosed worldwide. Therapeutic advances for squamous cell lung carcinoma have remained stagnant. This is in stark comparison to adenocarcinoma of the lung, which has benefited from the development of therapies such as bevacizumab and pemetrexed, as well as targeted therapies for specific molecular subsets with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements. Recent genomic characterization of SqCC by The Cancer Genome Atlas has identified mutations/amplifications in receptor tyrosine kinase pathways PI3K, AKT, and FGFR, which may yield potentially druggable targets for therapy in the future (1). At the present time, patients with SqCC desperately need better treatment options.
Classical Size Effect on In-plane Thermoelectric Transport at Low Dimension

Previous models on low-dimensional thermoelectric investigation deal with the quasi twodimensional electron transport due to quantum confinement effect. The formation of sub-bands in quantum well requires that electron wave reflections or transmissions at the interface are strictly in the specular direction and the superimposed wave function keeps phase coherence. However, due to the interface non-ideality or roughness, electrons can lose coherence such that their transport will deviate from that described by two-dimensional quantum well limit theories. In this paper, we report a theoretical approach to investigate the classical size effect on in-plane thermoelectric transport at low dimensions. A theoretical model based on Boltzmann equation is established with interface scattering treated as partial specular and partial diffuse scattering boundary condition. With the infinite quantum well assumption, the classical size effect in the quantum-classical mixed regime is quantitatively demonstrated. Factors that affecting classical size effect, such as quantum well width and relaxation length, are discussed.
Patterns of Multiple Family Homicide

Previous research has treated multiple family homicide, or familicide, as a uniform event. We sought to explore whether subtypes of familicide could be discerned, making use of a decade of Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) coupled with newspaper articles. The resulting 238 cases were analyzed through a two-step cluster analysis, showing that the familicides can be subgrouped into four categories based on the perpetrator’s age, relationship between perpetrator and victims, and perpetrator’s suicide. The empirically grouped categories were labeled Despondent Husbands, Spousal Revenge, Extended Parricide, and Diffuse Conflict. Familicide is thus a heterogeneous phenomenon and must be viewed in unique terms to appropriately determine prevention strategies.
The Wisdom of the Crowdâ€™s Ear: Speech Accent Rating and Annotation with Amazon Mechanical Turk

Human listeners can almost instantaneously judge whether or not another speaker is part of their speech community. The basis of this judgment is the speaker's accent. Even though humans judge speech accents with ease, it has been tremendously difficult to automatically evaluate and rate accents in any consistent manner. This paper describes an experiment using the Amazon Mechanical Turk to develop an automatic speech accent rating dataset.
Phase diagram of a strongly interacting spin-imbalanced Fermi gas

We obtain the phase diagram of spin-imbalanced interacting Fermi gases from measurements of density profiles of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms in a harmonic trap. These results agree with, and extend, previous experimental measurements. Measurements of the critical polarization at which the balanced superfluid core vanishes generally agree with previous experimental results and with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer and unitary regimes. We disagree with the QMC results in the Bose-Einstein condensate regime, however, where the measured critical polarizations are greater than theoretically predicted. We also measure the equation of state in the crossover regime for a gas with equal numbers of the two fermion spin states.
Effect of oxalic acid treatment on sediment arsenic concentrations and lability under reducing conditions

Oxalic acid enhances arsenic (As) mobilization by dissolving As host minerals and competing for sorption sites. Oxalic acid amendments thus could potentially improve the efficiency of widely used pump-and-treat (P&T) remediation. This study investigates the effectiveness of oxalic acid on As mobilization from contaminated sediments with different As input sources and redox conditions, and examines whether residual sediment As after oxalic acid treatment can still be reductively mobilized. Batch extraction, column, and microcosm experiments were performed in the laboratory using sediments from the Dover Municipal Landfill and the Vineland Chemical Company Superfund sites. Oxalic acid mobilized As from both Dover and Vineland sediments, although the efficiency rates were different. The residual As in both Dover and Vineland sediments after oxalic acid treatment was less vulnerable to microbial reduction than before the treatment. Oxalic acid could thus improve the efficiency of P&T. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis indicated that the Vineland sediment samples still contained reactive Fe(III) minerals after oxalic acid treatment, and thus released more As into solution under reducing conditions than the treated Dover samples. Therefore, the efficacy of enhanced P&T must consider sediment Fe mineralogy when evaluating its overall potential for remediating groundwater As.
Computerised Medical Decision-Making — An Evaluation in Acute Care

We have developed methods which utilize the computer to gather and analyse clinical data on all patients in our hospital. If the patient data shows a life threatening result the computer automatically alerts the medical staff.1 We have evaluated this system and its clinical use over the past two years.
Short answer question case series: ventilatory considerations in a patient with morbid headache

A middle-aged man with a history of smoking and hypertension complains of acute onset severe headache and neck pain last night following the use of intranasal cocaine. On examination, HR 99 blood pressure 132/90 respiratory rate 22 SpO2 95% room air. He is alert but mildly agitated. His cranial nerve, motor-sensory, and funduscopic exams are normal. The remainder of his physical exam is unremarkable, except for mild meningismus. An emergent CT demonstrates an acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH, figure 1). The patient develops increased work of breathing with a pulse oximetry reading of 92% on ambient air. A stat chest X-ray (figure 2) is obtained: 1. What does the X-ray show (figure 2)? 2. Given the rapid deterioration and X-ray, the patient is intubated, how can his ventilation be optimised? 3. Describe the Hunt–Hess Classification for SAH. 4. How does the World Federation of Neurological …
E-050 Stent assisted coil embolization for large and giant fusiform dissecting aneurysms: a series of 38 cases

Introduction Fusiform aneurysms present a challenge for treatment since their dome to neck ratios are often less than 1. These are cases that are excluded from most aneurysm series, and prior to intracranial stents were thought not to be treatable by embolization, except by parent artery occlusion. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of 38 patients who had stent assisted coil embolization of a large or giant fusiform aneurysms. A total of 21 patients had two telescoping stents placed and four patients had three telescoping stents. There is an analysis of the procedure related complications, re-treatments, symptomatology and delayed follow-up. Results The average aneurysm size treated was 21.4 mm (range 12–61), with an average neck of 18.6 mm. In the periprocedural period there was a 10% complication rate with two strokes and two increased cranial neuropathies. Nine of the patients required re-treatment during a mean follow-up time of 38 months. There were two deaths in the follow-up period: one due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, another presumed due to respiratory arrest. Conclusions Although stand alone flow diversion devices are being developed and evaluated, stent assisted coil embolization is an effective alternative to fusiform and fusiform dissecting aneurysms. The periprocedural complication rates are reasonable (10%), and although re-treatment is frequently necessary, the long term outcomes are better than the natural history of this disease.
SPICE source code implementation of aDC model for the non pinchoff depletion mode MOSFET

The implementation of the Lin model for the non pinchoff depletion mode MOSFETs directly into the source code of the SPICE 2G.5 circuit simulation program is described. The computational advantages of our implementation over Lin's subcircuit approach are pointed out, and, more significantly, certain previously undiscovered limitations of both methods are discussed. The encoding of the model into SPICE is described in sufficient detail so as to be duplicable by other interested researchers. Our results compare favorably to experiment and to the more comprehensive El-Mansy model. Finally, a new method of parameter extraction is described for the El-Mansy model, which makes it possible to derive the parameters of the Lin and El-Mansy models simultaneously.
Pathophysiological classification of human spinal cord ischemia.

Diagnosis of myelopathies of vascular origin is difficult and they are probably underdiagnosed at this time because of the lack of diagnostic tools. A recent report of a 58 year old patient who developed ASAS after an episode of cardiac arrest pointed out the importance of MRI and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) to support the diagnosis. MRI with T2 weighted imaging demonstrated diffuse signal abnormalities in both gray matter and surrounding white matter below T7. Furthermore, SEP latencies showed a delay between T6 and T7. Therefore, new technologies including MRI and SEP may improve the diagnosis of spinal cord ischemic injuries. A brief discussion of the normal blood supply of the human spinal cord is presented in this review followed by new, pathophysiologically based classifications of the clinical syndromes of vascular myelopathies. A complete description of the clinical syndromes related to vascular myelopathies is included. Vascular myelopathies were divided into acute and chronic syndromes depending on the time at which the pathophysiological events take place. Subsequently, the two major groups of vascular myelopathies were divided depending on the type of vascular damage, e.g., arterial, venous and/or mixed origin. Posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia is included in the present classification because it is generally considered to be a significant factor contributing to secondary damage following blunt trauma. Since several new diagnostic techniques are now available to characterize the pathology of spinal cord injury, physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular myelopathies may find the new classification useful in correlating clinical presentation with subjacent pathology. Identification of the correct pathology should result in more accurate treatment approaches.
MBO and Entrepreneur Motivation

A company's competitiveness mainly depends on the quantity and qualit y of entrepreneurs. Serious lack of entrepreneur resources is a severe problem i n our country, which is mainly caused by the fact that there is no good motivati on mechanism for entrepreneurs. First, this paper points out the necessity of re search on entrepreneur motivation. Second, it discusses how MBO motivates entrep reneurs. Finally, taking our Chinese public listed companies as examples, the pa per analyses problems of MBO practices in China.
A simple method for assessing occupational exposure via the one-way random effects model

ABSTRACTA one-way random effects model is postulated for the log-transformed shift-long personal exposure measurements, where the random effect in the model represents an effect due to the worker. Simple closed-form confidence intervals are proposed for the relevant parameters of interest using the method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER). The performance of the confidence bounds is evaluated and compared with those based on the generalized confidence interval approach. Comparison studies indicate that the proposed MOVER confidence bounds are better than the generalized confidence bounds for the overall mean exposure and an upper percentile of the exposure distribution. The proposed methods are illustrated using a few examples involving industrial hygiene data.
Hepatitis C may enhance key amplifiers of psoriasis

Background Multiple studies have noted an association between hepatitis C and psoriasis, but it is not known whether psoriasis is a result of treatment modalities for hepatitis C or a result of hepatitis C alone. Objective To examine the relationship between psoriasis and hepatitis C by measuring the expression of cathelicidin, TLR9 and IFNγ in psoriatic lesional and non-lesional skin in HCV-positive and negative psoriatic patients. Methods Two 2 mm punch biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin in 10 patients who were HCV-negative psoriatics and seven HCV-positive psoriatics were used to measure cathelicidin, TLR9 and IFNγ mRNA expression by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The mRNA levels of cathelicidin, TLR9 and IFNγ were significantly higher in both non-lesional and lesional skin of HCV-positive patients with psoriasis as compared to HCV-negative psoriatic patients. Additionally, the IFNγ level in lesional skin of HCV-positive psoriatic patients was higher than the IFNγ level seen in non-lesional skin of those same patients. Conclusion These findings suggest that HCV infection upregulates these inflammatory cytokines, possibly increasing susceptibility to developing psoriasis.
15.8% EFFICIENT DIODE LASER END PUMPED Nd:YVO4 LASER

Recently Nd:YVO4 was demonstrated to outperform Nd:YAG in a diode laser end pump laser comparison [1]. Further developments in diode laser arrays and application of more optimum pump coupling schemes have led to cw output powers as high as 750 mW TEMoo at 1.06 µm, optical slope efficiencies up to 64%, and electrical to optical conversion efficiencies up to 15.8%, the highest for any single diode pumped device.
Norm Inequalities for Composition Operators on Hardy and Weighted Bergman Spaces

Any analytic self-map of the open unit disk induces a bounded composition operator on the Hardy space H 2 and on the standard weighted Bergman spaces A 2 β. For a particular self-map, it is reasonable to wonder whether there is any meaningful relationship between the norms of the corresponding operators acting on each of these spaces. In this paper, we demonstrate an inequality which, at least to a certain degree, provides an answer to this question.
Update on Managing Serious Wound Infections in Horses: Wounds Involving Joints and Other Synovial Structures

Abstract Antibiotics may fail to abolish an infection in synovial structures for several reasons: (1) inherent antibiotic resistance; (2) acquired antibiotic resistance; (3) inappropriate drug dosage, route or treatment duration; and (4) refugia. A strategy to include surgical debridement and ancillary treatments are discussed in eliminating infections of joints and other synovial structures.
The effect of passengers on driver-injury severities in single-vehicle crashes: A random parameters heterogeneity-in-means approach

Abstract This paper seeks to investigate the effects of passengers on driver-injury severities. Using single-vehicle crashes, a random parameters logit model with heterogeneity in parameter means is estimated to explore the differences in driver-injury severities in three distinct subgroups; vehicles with one occupant (driver-only), vehicles with two occupants (driver and a passenger), and vehicles with three occupants (driver and two passengers). In addition to considering age, gender and the presence of the passenger(s), a wide range of variables that potentially affect driver-injury severity were considered, including weather conditions, roadway characteristics, vehicle characteristics and driver attributes. Estimation results show that both the age and the gender of the passenger(s) significantly affected driver-injury severities. The findings of this research point toward the need to further study the potentially complex interactions between drivers and passengers.
Nebular-phase spectra of nearby Type Ia Supernovae

US National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-1313484]; NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [NNX13AF35G]; Gemini Observatory [GS-2013A-Q-10, GS-2013B-Q-48, GS-2015B-Q-62, GS-2016A-Q-61]; W. M. Keck Foundation; Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; TABASGO Foundation; NSF [AST-1211916, PHY-1607611, AST-1517649]; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (U.C. Berkeley); NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF6-170148]
Interpreting Intelligence Tests from Contemporary Gf-Gc Theory: Joint Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the WJ-R and KAIT in a Non-White Sample

In the present study, the correlations of test scores between the Woodcock-JohnsonRevised (WJ-R) and the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) were factor analyzed in order to test the replicability of the contemporary HornCattell Gf-Gc model in a non-White sample and to gain a more complete understanding of the factorial structure of the KAIT. The empirically supported Gf-Gc theoretical model underlying the WJ-R was used as the criterion against which to evaluate the cognitive abilities that are measured by the KAIT. Participants were 114 6th-, 7th-, and 8th-grade students ranging in age from 10 years, 11 months to 15 years, 11 months. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate and compare eight a priori factor models and one post-hoc factor model. A Gf-Gc nine-factor model was the most plausible a priori model fit of the WJ-R/KAIT data, a finding that extends the replicability of the Gf-Gc model to a non-White sample. The factorial structure of the KAIT put forward by its authors (i.e., a two-factor Gf-Gc model) was not supported. It appears that the KAIT measures Glr or long-term retrieval (associative memory) and Gsm or short-term memory (memory span) in addition to fluid and crystallized abilities. These results provide support for use of the GfGc theory in a non-White sample and interpreting the KAIT from contemporary Gf-Gc theory rather than a two-factor model. © 1998 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Comparison of body composition methods in obese individuals.

Two common equations for deriving body fat from density are the Siri1 and Keys/Brozeka2,3 equations. For any given density, the Keys/Brozek equation computes lower body fat in obese subjects, relative to the Siri equation. It is unclear which of these two equations is more appropriate for obese individuals. We therefore compared body composition measurements in obese individuals derived by the Keys/Brozek equation and the Siri equation with two other techniques (total body water, and the 3-compartment model combining total body water with body density) involving different assumptions.
HLA-DRB1-Peptide Binding Prediction and Risk of Inhibitor Development in Non-Severe Hemophilia a

Background: Anti-factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitory antibody development (inhibitors) occurs in up to 13% of patients with non-severe hemophilia A (HA) and is known to be associated with receipt of intensive FVIII treatment (Eckhardt et al. 2013) and F8 mutations such as p.Arg612Cys. Inhibitor development is a T-cell dependent process requiring presentation of a novel peptide by HLA-class II on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Computer algorithms can be used to model the binding affinity of a peptide for a specific HLA type (Zhang et al. 2012). The strength of association between computer-modeled HLA-DRB1 and mutation-specific FVIII peptide binding and inhibitor development in non-severe HA with known F8 and HLA-DRB1 genotype is unknown. Methods: In a cohort of non-severe HA (FVIII 1-40%) collected as part of a case-control study (Kempton et al. 2010), subjects with a missense mutation who had consented to participate in a repository for future research were evaluated. Case subjects had an inhibitor titer > 1.0 BU/ml on two occasions or on one occasion with subsequent immune tolerance induction. Control subjects had prior FVIII exposure and no history of inhibitor ( Results: Fifty-seven subjects (case n=20 and control n=37, 56% of the original study sample) were included in this analysis. The median age (case 37 years vs control 27 years) and baseline FVIII (case 8.0 IU/dl vs control 5.5 IU/dl) were similar between groups. Cases and controls were also similar with respect to race, ethnicity, prior FVIII exposure, family history of inhibitor, FVIII product class used (recombinant vs. plasma-derived), and being HIV or HCV antibody positive. F8 mutations found in more than 1 case included p.Arg612Cys (case=6; control=1), p.Asn1941Ser (case=5; control=1), and p.Arg2169His (case=3; control=1). HLA alleles found both in more than 10% of cases and more frequently in cases than controls included HLA-DRB1*15:01 (case =7 [18%], control =7 [9%], OR 2.3 [95% CI 0.5-10.8]), HLA-DRB1*13:02 (case=5 [13%], control=4 [5%], OR 2.8 [95% CI 0.5-16.4]); HLA-DRB1*11:01 (case=4 [10%], control = 3 [4%], OR 3.0 [95% CI 0.4-20.2]). The median number of novel HLA-DRB1 allele/peptide combinations among cases and controls is shown in Table 1. The association of having > 10 novel HLA-DRB1 allele/peptide combinations with inhibitor development is shown in Table 2. Conclusions: Having more than 10 FVIII peptides (>1/3 of the potential FVIII peptides) that are able to bind HLA-DRB1 and present a novel surface is associated with inhibitor development independent of age, family history of inhibitor, and intensive FVIII treatment. The presentation of novel HLA-DRBI peptide combinations appears to be an intermediary between specific high-risk F8 mutations and inhibitor development. Disclosures Kempton: Genentech: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Midlife Self-Reported Social Support as a Buffer Against Premature Mortality Risks Associated with Childhood Abuse

Research has linked childhood abuse to a plethora of adverse health outcomes in adulthood1,2. However, whether positive experiences in adulthood much beyond cessation of abuse exposure can offset these adverse health risks remains unclear. Using a sample of 6,078 adults from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), we examined whether adult self-reported social support decreased mortality risk associated with self-reported exposure to three types of childhood abuse: severe physical abuse, modest physical abuse and emotional abuse. Greater self-reported social support was related to reduced mortality risk; however, this relation was qualified by exposure to childhood abuse. For each type of abuse, self-reported social support was linked to a larger reduction in mortality risk among individuals reporting childhood abuse compared with those reporting minimal or no exposure to abuse. These findings suggest that supportive relationships in midlife can partly offset the mortality risks that seem to be set in motion by childhood experiences of abuse. Childhood abuse increases the risk of early mortality. Using data from the MIDUS study, the authors show that perceived social support received in adulthood can act as a buffer against the adverse effects of childhood abuse.
Bowel injury in lumbar spine surgery: a review of the literature

Although rarely documented in the medical literature, bowel perforation injury can be a severe complication of spine surgery. Our goal was to review current literature regarding this complication and study possible methods of avoidance. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database between January 1960 and March 2016 using the terms abrasion, bowels, bowel, complication, injury, intestine, intra-abdominal sepsis/shock, perforation, lumbar, spine, surgery, visceral. Diagnostic criteria, outcomes, risk factors, surgical approach, and treatment strategy were the parameters extracted from the search results and used for review. Thirty-one patients with bowel injury were recognized in the literature. Bowel injury was more frequent in patients who underwent lumbar discectomy and microdiscectomy (18 of 31 patients, 58.1%). Minimally invasive surgery and lateral techniques involving fusions accounted for 10 of the reported cases (32.3%). Finally, 2 cases (6.5%) were reported in conjunction with sacrectomies and 1 case (3.2%) with posterior fusion plus anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) release. Diagnosis was made mostly by clinical signs/symptoms of acute abdominal pain, post-surgical wound infection, and abscess or enterocutaneous fistulas. Significant risk factors for postoperative bowel injury were complex surgical anatomy, medical history of previous abdominal surgeries or infections, irradiation before surgery, errors related to surgical technique, lack of surgical experience, and instrumentation failure. The overall mortality rate from bowel injury was 12.9% (4 of 31 patients). The overall morbidity rate was 87.1% (27 of 31 patients). According to our review of the literature, bowel injury is linked to significant morbidity and mortality. It can be prevented with meticulous pre-surgical planning. When it occurs, timely treatment reduces the risks of morbidity and mortality.
A 71% efficient energy harvesting and power management unit for sub-μW power biomedical applications

This paper presents an Energy Harvesting and Power Management Unit (EH-PMU) to power battery-less sub-μW systems-on-chip (SoCs) and wireless sensors for emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The EH-PMU can harvest energy from either photovoltaic or thermoelectric sources and provides regulated outputs of 0.5V, 1V, and 1.8V. To reduce the power conversion overhead in < 1μW-power systems and thus to extend the system lifetime, the EH-PMU employs a hybrid architecture consisting of nW-quiescent power switched-capacitor DC-DC converters and low-dropout (LDO) regulators. The platform uses a 1.3nW gate-leakage based voltage reference generator, operational from 0.5V, along with Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) control to further lower the quiescent power of the switching regulators. The EH-PMU achieves a peak end-to-end efficiency of 71.1% while powering a 1 μW load in a 0.13μm chip.
Formal Guarantees in Data-Driven Model Identification and Control Synthesis

For many performance-critical control systems, an accurate (simple) model is not available in practice. Thus, designing controllers with formal performance guarantees is challenging. In this paper, we develop a framework to use input-output data from an unknown system to synthesize controllers from signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. First, by imposing mild assumptions on system continuity, we find a set-valued piecewise affine (PWA) model that contains all the possible behaviors of the concrete system. Next, we introduce a novel method for STL control of PWA systems with additive disturbances. By taking advantage of STL quantitative semantics, we provide lower-bound certificates on the degree of STL satisfaction of the closed-loop concrete system. Illustrative examples are presented.
Unique Contributors to the Curriculum: From Research to Practice for Speech-Language Pathologists in Schools

Purpose This lead article of the Clinical Forum focuses on the research that supports why speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are an integral part of the overarching curriculum for all students in ...
An Overview of Adsorptive Storage of Natural Gas

Abstract The Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) storage technology is critically examined. The present status, theoretical limits and operational problems are discussed. Research areas which may make a significant impact are also indentified.
Depression in the context of chronic diseases in the United States and China

Depression is not only a major global public health concern, but also a common comorbidity among patients who experience chronic diseases, such as cancer, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yet the recognition and treatment varies widely around the world. This study (1) provides an integrated review of the literature on the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic diseases in China and the United States and its relationship to poorer health outcomes and (2) compares the differences in the percentages of patients receiving treatments for depression between the United States and China. Given the current situation, we recommended that primary care and specialty providers should be knowledgeable and alert regarding the signs of depression. Efforts should be directed to further implement integrated care based interventions to manage depression and improve quality of life among patients suffering chronic diseases in both China and the United States.
Sodium dirubidium citrate, NaRb2C6H5O7, and sodium dirubidium citrate dihydrate, NaRb2C6H5O7(H2O)2.

The crystal structures of sodium dirubidium citrate {poly[μ-citrato-dirubi­dium(I)sodium(I)], [NaRb2(C6H5O7)]n} and sodium dirubidium citrate dihydrate {poly[di­aqua­(μ-citrato)dirubidium(I)sodium(I)], [NaRb2(C6H5O7)(H2O)2]n} have been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. Both structures contain Na chains and Rb layers, which link to form different three-dimensional frameworks. In each structure, the citrate triply chelates to the Na+ cation. Each citrate also chelates to Rb+ cations. In the dihydrate structure, the water mol­ecules are bonded to the Rb+ cations; the Na+ cation is coordinated only to citrate O atoms. Both structures contain an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond between the hy­droxy group and one of the terminal carboxyl­ate groups. In the structure of the dihydrate, each hydrogen atom of the water mol­ecules participates in a hydrogen bond to an ionized carboxyl­ate group.
Literary Skies Before 1800

In “The Merchant’s Tale,” one of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales from the fourteenth century, the poet uses the motion of the Moon to describe the passage of time. The story tells us that the Moon moved from Taurus to Cancer and traveled about 58° in 4 days measured from “noon to noon.” Is this possible, given that the Moon’s average motion is only about 13.2°/day? At this rate our satellite travels less than 53° in 4 days, not 58°. Chaucer was an expert in astronomical matters and skilled enough to write a Treatise on the Astrolabe. But did he make a mistake here? Several modern authors asserted that this lunar motion is impossible and that Chaucer must have made an error. But are these learned commentators themselves mistaken? Did an event with unusually rapid lunar motion from Taurus to Cancer actually occur in Chaucer’s lifetime?
FlexGibbs: Reconfigurable Parallel Gibbs Sampling Accelerator for Structured Graphs

Many consider one of the key components to the success of deep learning as its compatibility with existing accelerators, mainly GPU. While GPUs are great at handling linear algebra kernels commonly found in deep learning, they are not the optimal architecture for handling unsupervised learning methods such as Bayesian models and inference. As a step towards, achieving better understanding of architectures for probabilistic models, Gibbs sampling, one of the most commonly used algorithms for Bayesian inference, is studied with a focus on parallelism that converges to the target distribution and parameterized components. We propose FlexGibbs, a reconfigurable parallel Gibbs sampling inference accelerator for structured graphs. We designed an architecture optimal for solving Markov Random Field tasks using an array of parallel Gibbs samplers, enabled by chromatic scheduling. We show that for sound source separation application, FlexGibbs configured on the FPGA fabric of Xilinx Zync CPU-FPGA SoC achieved Gibbs sampling inference speedup of 1048x and 99.85% reduction in energy over running it on ARM Cortex-A53.
Achieving balance between resident autonomy and patient safety: Analysis of resident-led microvascular reconstruction outcomes at a microsurgical training center with an established microsurgical training pathway.

Summary Background With advances in microsurgery, the published success rate of microsurgical reconstruction by experienced microsurgeons is greater than 95%. However, it is unknown whether the training residents can produce similar results. At our county hospital, residents perform and lead all aspects of microsurgical reconstruction, from raising the flap to performing microanastomoses. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 156 consecutive microsurgical cases to determine the efficacy and safety of resident-led reconstructions at the county hospital. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction at the county hospital from 2016 to 2018. Demographic, surgical procedure, flap characteristics, resident levels, and complication data were collected. Results Of the 156 free tissue flaps performed, the most commonly performed reconstruction was for the breast (62.8%), followed by lower extremity (15.9%), upper extremity (10.6%), head and neck (8.8%), and genitalia (1.8%). The average procedure time was 525.1 ± 149.2 min, and mean ischemia time for each flap was 69.8 ± 42.2 min. Venous anastomoses were performed by PGY3 (0.96%), PGY4 (27.9%), PGY5 (18.3%), and PGY6 (47.1%), while the arterial anastomoses were performed by PGY4 (16.4%), PGY5 (11.0%), and PGY6 (69.2%). The average number of anastomosis attempts was 1.3, with a range of 1 to 6. The overall flap success rate was 95.5% with a takeback rate of 7.1%. Conclusions In conclusion, our analysis shows that resident-led reconstruction can achieve similar microsurgical success as that of published outcomes. We believe resident-led microsurgical reconstruction can be safely performed, with as-needed faculty assistance in high-risk and complicated cases, while allowing resident education and maturation of technical and decision-making skills.
Use of gibberellin to delay maturity and improve fruit quality of 'French' prune.

SummaryGibberellin (GA) increased firmness of ‘French‘ prune (Prunus domestica L.) when applied preharvest at a rate of 31 or 62 mg 1‒1 in 1997,1998 and 1999. Most effective application dates corresponded with a fruit soluble solids (SS) of 11% to 13% in 1997 and 1998, but with 15% in 1999. The development of SS was temporarily delayed by some of the GA treatments, but was generally similar to the control by harvest time. In 1997, fruit firmness remained higher than the control and extended fruit maturity for up to 7 d by either 31 or 62 mg 1‒1 GA applied at 13% SS, or by 62 mg 1‒1 GA applied at 16% SS. In 1998, fruit firmness was increased by treatment with either 31 or 62 mg 1‒1 GA at 11.5% SS or 31 mg 1‒1 at 16% SS. In 1999, harvest was extended by 3 d due to greater fruit firmness by 31 mg 1‒1 GA applied at 11% or 13% SS, or by 62 mg 1‒1 GA applied at 13% or 15% SS. GA treatments did not affect fruit drop, dried fruit size, or yield. Bloom was delayed by application of GA in 1997 and 1998, particularl...
Lessons from bioengineering the ovarian follicle: a personal perspective

The ovarian follicle and its maturation captivated my imagination and inspired my scientific journey - what we know now about this remarkable structure is captured in this invited review. In the past decade, our knowledge of the ovarian follicle expanded dramatically as cross-disciplinary collaborations brought new perspectives to bear, ultimately leading to the development of extragonadal follicles as model systems with significant clinical implications. Follicle maturation in vitro in an 'artificial' ovary became possible by learning what the follicle is fundamentally and autonomously capable of - which turns out to be quite a lot. Progress in understanding and harnessing follicle biology has been aided by engineers and materials scientists who created hardware that enables tissue function for extended periods of time. The EVATAR system supports extracorporeal ovarian function in an engineered environment that mimics the endocrine environment of the reproductive tract. Finally, applying the tools of inorganic chemistry, we discovered that oocytes require zinc to mature over time - a truly new aspect of follicle biology with no antecedent other than the presence of zinc in sperm. Drawing on the tools and ideas from the fields of bioengineering, materials science and chemistry unlocked follicle biology in ways that we could not have known or even predicted. Similarly, how today's basic science discoveries regarding ovarian follicle maturation are translated to improve the experience of tomorrow's patients is yet to be determined.
Radiographic surveillance of abdominal free fat graft in complex parotid pleomorphic adenomas: A case series.

Abstract Background Free abdominal fat transfer is commonly used to restore facial volume and improve cosmesis after parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenomas. We describe the radiographic characteristics of these grafts on follow-up imaging. Methods Medical records of four patients who underwent parotidectomy with abdominal fat graft in 2016 and had follow up imaging available were retrospectively analyzed. An otolaryngologist and neuroradiologist reviewed imaging studies, evaluated the fat grafts, and monitored for residual or recurrent disease. Results The abdominal fat was successfully grafted in all four patients. Post-operative baseline magnetic resonance imaging and additional surveillance imaging showed fat grafts with minimal volume loss. However, there was development of irregular enhancement consistent with fat necrosis in two of the four patients. Conclusions Radiographic surveillance of free fat graft reconstruction after pleomorphic adenoma resection shows minimal contraction in size but development of fat necrosis. Recognition of expected changes should help avoid confusion with residual or recurrent disease, reassuring both patient and treating physician.
Hydrological basis of the Devils Lake, North Dakota (USA), terminal lake flood disaster

Devils Lake, a terminal lake in northeast North Dakota (USA), has experienced catastrophic flooding since 1993. From January 31, 1993, to December 31, 2014, lake level rose from 433.62 to 442.44 m, lake area expanded from 179.9 to 653.5 km2, and lake volume increased from 0.70 to 3.80 km3. More than $1 billion ($USD) has been spent in government payments to mitigate direct, primary, tangible flood damages. This paper provides a case study of the hydrological basis of the Devils Lake flood disaster. The unique geomorphic setting, paleoclimatic record, and hydroclimatic conditions of the region are summarized, and a wide range of hydroclimatic data is examined to provide a broad understanding of the physical basis of the flood disaster. The primary cause of the disaster was a transition to a sustained wetter climate that resulted in a dramatic response in basin hydrological variables in 1993. The transition from a long-term dry period to a long-term wet period caused the lake water budget to begin to change from an atmosphere-controlled water budget dominated by precipitation input to an amplifier lake water budget dominated by surface runoff input to the lake. Other important hydrological factors include a nonlinear precipitation–runoff relationship following the long-term drought, fill-spill and fill-merge hydrological behavior that is characteristic of wetland complexes, an increase in the lake area-to-basin area ratio, and the critical role of frozen soils in controlling infiltration and runoff production of spring snowmelt. Engineering works to manage lake volume through two outlets have reduced, but not entirely eliminated, future flood risk.
Detrusor Overactivity with Detrusor Underactivity

Detrusor Overactivity with Detrusor underactivity (formerly known as detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractility) can often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum for urologists. Patients can present with a combination of symptoms, and the diagnosis is highly dependent on urodynamics, which can be difficult in the elderly population typically effected by DODU. This review gives an overview of our current knowledge of this disease. We will highlight the most recent literature regarding the therapies available for DODU. This includes use of mirabegron or third line therapy options such as OnabotulinumtoxinA and neuromodulation. We will additionally share some representative cases.
Tone Sandhi Domain is not a Foot in Standard Mandarin: Evidence from the Perceptual Side

There is a long debate on whether or not the tone sandhi domain in Standard Mandarin should be treated as a metrical foot. According to the hypothesis that the tone sandhi domain is the metrical foot (Duanmu, 2007), a tone sandhi pattern can be used to infer the position of stress. However, this study shows that, despite changing the domain over which tone sandhi occurs, stress pattern remains unchanged perceptually for native speakers of Standard Mandarin. This finding conforms to the results of previous production experiments that show that the stress position remains consistent for utterances with different morpho-syntactic structures (Jia, 2011; Lai et al., 2010). Therefore, the tone sandhi domain is non-isomorphic with the stress domain in Standard Mandarin.
The effect of calcar femoral neck plating on vascularity of the femoral head and neck.

Aims Surgical treatment of young femoral neck fractures often requires an open approach to achieve an anatomical reduction. The application of a calcar plate has recently been described to aid in f...