cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La muerte de Artemio Cruz , el boom y la teoría posmoderna

El autor hace una interpretacion de la novela de Fuentes a la luz de los mitos mexicanos. Nos explica Gutierrez Mouat que en La muerte de Artemio Cruz podemos trazar una especie de biografia historica del mexicano mitico, como lo hizo Roger Bartra en La jaula de la melancolia . Por ejemplo, un personaje como Artemio Cruz deriva del buen salvaje y sus transformaciones historicas. En un inicio fue el lepero del porfiriato, luego se convirtio en el revolucionario que fue el exiliado eterno del “eden subvertido”. Por su parte, el papel de Eva de este paraiso perdido es la Malinche con todas sus transformaciones de diosa telurica y madre sexualizada por los edipos que ha engendrado.
Practical Aspects of the Equation-Error Method for Aircraft Parameter Estimation

Various practical aspects of the equation-error approach to aircraft parameter estimation were examined. The analysis was based on simulated flight data from an F-16 nonlinear simulation, with realistic noise sequences added to the computed aircraft responses. This approach exposes issues related to the parameter estimation techniques and results, because the true parameter values are known for simulation data. The issues studied include differentiating noisy time series, maximum likelihood parameter estimation, biases in equation-error parameter estimates, accurate computation of estimated parameter error bounds, comparisons of equation-error parameter estimates with output-error parameter estimates, analyzing data from multiple maneuvers, data collinearity, and frequency-domain methods.
Design of Optimal Switching Networks by Integer Programming

The design of optimal logic networks is formulated as integer programming (IP) problems. This formulation has the following advantages over other methods of logic design. 1) General feed-forward networks can be dealt with rather than two-level or three-level networks usually treated in conventional switching theory. 2) Network restrictions such as fan-in and fan-out restrictions are easily incorporated. 3) Various gate types such as NOR, NAND, AND-OR combination, NOR-AND combination, and those gates with NOR-OR dual outputs can be treated. 4) Various objectives such as the number of gates and the number of connections are minimized. 5) Incompletely specified functions can be handled without additional difficulty. 6) The formulation can be extended to multiple-output networks. To solve the resulting IP problems, the implicit enumeration method of integer programming is found to be suitable. An IP code ILLIP (Illinois Integer Programming Code) is implemented based on the implicit enumeration by incorporating some new gimmicks such as pseudounderlining. Then the ILLIP is used to solve the IP problems for logical design by making use of the inherent structure of our problems. Various optimal networks are derived by a computer as follows: optimal NOR networks and optimal NOR-AND networks for all functions of up through three variables, one-bit adders with various gate types, and others. These results indicate the computational feasibility of the integer programming approach.
The Individually Responsible and Rational Decision Approach to Economic Lot Sizes for One Vendor and Many Purchasers

Banerjee's [2] joint economic lot size (JELS) model, along with related works by Monahan [12] and Lal and Staelin [10], represents one approach to minimizing the total inventory carrying and ordering costs of a vendor and his purchaser(s). Noting that JELS philosophy requires a coordinated system and that its practical implementation is problematic, we present an alternative approach to the same problem: the individually responsible and rational decision (IRRD) approach. The IRRD approach is consistent with a free enterprise system and easy to implement. In order to show that the IRRD approach is also more economical than the JELS approach, we first build a more refined JELS model for the case of one vendor and many identical purchasers. Drawing on earlier criticisms of specific JELS models, our refinement relaxes the lot-for-lot assumption commonly used by JELS scholars. To be comparable with earlier works, we retain the assumption of deterministic conditions and demonstrate the economic advantages of IRRD over JELS through a numerical example. An algebraic proof of IRRD's superiority over JELS is offered in the more general and realistic case of a vendor dealing with K nonidentical purchasers with reasonably predictable annual demand but uncertain order quantities and timings.
Multiple descriptions with feed-forward: A single-letter achievable rate region

The two-channel multiple descriptions problem for an i.i.d source, with feed-forward to one or both side-decoders is considered. A single-letter achievable rate-region is derived; it enlarges the best known rate-region for multiple descriptions without feed-forward. The proof of the result uses a block-Markov superposition source coding strategy. In point-to-point source coding, feed-forward does not decrease the rate-distortion function of an i.i.d source. In contrast, an example is provided to show that the derived region can be larger than the optimal multiple description rate region without feed-forward.
IRAK-2 regulates IL-1-mediated pathogenic Th17 cell development in helminthic infection.

Infection with the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni results in distinct heterogeneity of disease severity both in humans and in mice. In the experimental mouse model, severe disease is characterized by pronounced hepatic egg-induced granulomatous inflammation mediated by CD4 Th17 cells, whereas mild disease is associated with reduced hepatic inflammation in a Th2-skewed cytokine environment. Even though the host’s genetic background significantly impacts the clinical outcome of schistosomiasis, specific gene(s) that contribute to disease severity remain elusive. We investigated the schistosome infection in wild-derived mice, which possess a more diverse gene pool than classically inbred mouse strains and thus makes them more likely to reveal novel mechanisms of immune regulation. We now show that inbred wild-derived MOLF mice develop severe hepatic inflammation with high levels of IL-17. Congenic mice with a MOLF locus in chromosome 6, designated Why1, revealed high pathology and enabled the identification of Irak2 as the pathogenic gene. Although IRAK-2 is classically associated with TLR signaling, adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells revealed that IRAK-2 mediates pathology in a CD4 T cell specific manner by promoting Th17 cell development through enhancement of IL-1β-induced activation of transcription factors RORγt and BATF. The use of wild-derived mice unravels IRAK-2 as a novel regulator of IL-1-induced pathogenic Th17 cells in schistosomiasis, which likely has wide-ranging implications for other chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
The inverse scattering problem for time-harmonic acoustic waves in an inhomogeneous medium with complex refraction index

Abstract The inverse scattering problem of determining the complex refraction index of a compact inhomogeneous medium from a knowledge of the far-field patterns of the scattered fields corresponding to many incident time-harmonic plane acoustic waves is solved by using the Colton—Monk method. Again, by using the same method, the analogue of Karp's Theorem for the scattering of acoustic waves through an inhomogeneous medium with compact support is proven.
Microsatellite markers associated with two Aegilops tauschii-derived greenbug resistance loci in wheat.

A new source of greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) resistance derived from Aegilops tauschii (Coss.) Schmal was identified in W7984, a synthetic hexaploid wheat line and one parent of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) mapping population. Segregation analysis of responses to greenbug feeding in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) identified a single, dominant gene governing the greenbug resistance in W7984, which was placed in chromosome arm 7DL by linkage analysis with molecular markers in the ITMI population. Allelism tests based on the segregation of responses to greenbug feeding in F2 and testcross plants revealed that the greenbug resistance in W7984 and Largo, another synthetic line carrying the greenbug resistance gene Gb3, was controlled by different but linked loci. Using the ITMI reference map and a target mapping strategy, we have constructed a microsatellite map of Gb3 in a mapping population of 130 F7 RILs from Largo × TAM 107 and identified one marker (Xwmc634) co-segregating with Gb3 and four markers (Xbarc76, Xgwm037, Xgwm428 and Xwmc824) closely linked with Gb3. Deletion mapping of selected microsatellite markers flanking the Gb3 locus placed this resistance gene into the distal 18% region of 7DL. Comparative mapping in the ITMI and Largo × TAM 107 populations using the same set of microsatellite markers provided further evidence that greenbug resistance in W7984 and Largo is conditioned by two different loci. We suggest that the greenbug resistance gene in W7984 be designated Gb7. The microsatellite map of Gb3 constructed from this study should be a valuable tool for marker-assisted selection of Gb3-conferred greenbug resistance in wheat breeding.
Obstacles to Developing Indigenous Small and Medium Enterprises: An Empirical Assessment

The article reports the results of field surveys conducted in Sri Lanka's leather industry and Tanzania's furniture industry. It outlines an approach to learning how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) perceive the impact of financial, regulatory, technical, marketing, and other input constraints, and to evaluating the results in relation to other empirical indicators. Lack of access to finance emerges as the binding constraint for smaller, less established firms in Sri Lanka and for all of Tanzania's SMEs - not only is informal financing limited for Tanzania's firms, even firms of adequate size and experience have difficulty borrowing from banks, and, if they do borrow, have difficult relations with their lenders. In Tanzania, regulatory and tax constraints appear largest for the smallest firms, declining somewhat as firms grow: because enforcement is comprehensive, the bureaucratic burden of negotiating with government officials is greatest for small firms. By contrast, in Sri Lanka the regulatory burden rises with firm size, because enforcement is more stringent for the larger and more visible firms. Constraints on physical inputs continue to inhibit Sri Lankan SMEs - a legacy of excessive vertical integration by parastatals. Technical constraints are appraised as most significant by relatively educated entrepreneurs with some involvement in high-quality market niches.
Trafficking Networks and the Mexican Drug War

Abstract Drug trade-related violence has escalated dramatically in Mexico since 2007, and recent years have also witnessed large-scale efforts to combat trafficking, spearheaded by Mexico's conservative PAN party. This study examines the direct and spillover effects of Mexican policy toward the drug trade. Regression discontinuity estimates show that drug-related violence increases substantially after close elections of PAN mayors. Empirical evidence suggests that the violence reflects rival traffickers' attempts to usurp territories after crackdowns have weakened incumbent criminals. Moreover, the study uses a network model of trafficking routes to show that PAN victories divert drug traffic, increasing violence along alternative drug routes. (JEL D72, D85, K42, O17, Z13)
The doctor who saw through psychiatric labels to find the real person underneath

ABSTRACTProfessor John S. Strauss finds real people under any kind of label, whether it be a diagnostic label assigned to a patient, or assumptions about a struggling student, or friends and colleagues coping with the vagaries of university life, or just life in general. Everyone gets treated the same, which is often not the case. Some clinicians seem to adopt a double standard: one for patients and one for others. Dr. Strauss is the great equalizer. He really listens. He makes people feel more competent than they did walking in the door. He helps people laugh at themselves and life. He shares what he knows and hopes that his visitors will do the same while sharing the path together. These attributes happen to be the core secrets of rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and friendship!
A Notable Contribution: The Growth of Freedom in Education

(1932). A Notable Contribution: The Growth of Freedom in Education. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 338-339.
Automated reagin test for syphilis in a multichannel blood grouping machine.

The automated reagin test for syphilis, with properly controlled performance, is a reliable screening procedure and can be adapted to a multichannel AutoAnalyzer blood grouping machine with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Overall agreement between the single-channel and multichannel methods was 97.9% on 698 specimens tested. With modifications in the decant system in the multichannel automated continuous-flow system there is an increase in sensitivity, with specificity equal to or greater than that of the manual VDRL slide test.
Consumer Perceptions the Limited Lifespan of Fast Fashion Apparel

Little research has focused on the specific factors that contribute to the short lifecycle of fast fashion, as well as consumer feelings about the limited lifespan of fast fashion. The present research addresses this gap in the existing research. Thirteen female undergraduate students who are consumers of fast fashion and majoring in design and/or merchandising management have been interviewed. The first objective is to understand the factors that prompt consumers to stop wearing fast fashion apparel. These factors include communicative failure of the garments, including quality issues, fit issues and meaning conflict, as well as boredom. The second objective is to understand how these factors change the feelings of consumers about such items. The findings are explained within the context of the symbolic interaction theory. The third objective is to learn how consumers feel about the limited lifespan of fast fashion apparel. These feelings range from neutral to negative with regards to monetary investment, and positive to negative in terms of social and environmental implications. Based on the findings, a model is developed to describe why consumers purchase fast fashion, stop wearing fast fashion, their perceptions of the social implications, and their coping strategies and justification for fast fashion.
Secondary water supply quality analysis in Xuanhua District of Zhangjiakou city during 2011-2013

Objective To understand the quality of secondary water supply in Xuanhua district,to provide scientific data for carrying out effective health supervision in future. Methods According to Hygienic standard for drinking water( GB5749-2006),the test results of secondary water supply in this area from 2011 to 2013 were analyzed and evaluated. Results A total of 183 water samples were detected,167 samples qualified,the average pass rate was 92. 3 %. The pass rate was 87. 5% in 2011,91. 9% in 2012,and 93. 8% in 2013,respectively,there was no statistic difference( P 0. 05). The unqualified items were mainly residual chlorine,the total number of colonies and coli forms,there were significant differences( P 0. 005). Conclusions The qualified rate of secondary water supply was high in Xuanhua district of Zhangjiakou city,but hygiene supervision need to be further strengthened,in order to improve the quality of secondary supply water.
Coupled MCNP6/CTF code: Development, testing, and application

Abstract This paper presents the development and testing of a high fidelity Monte Carlo based multi-physics code. The coupling was done between the Monte Carlo neutronics code MCNP6 and the thermal-hydraulic sub-channel code CTF. The coupling for the MCNP6/CTF code was done internally at the pin level. On-The-Fly cross sections were used to decrease the complexity of the coupled code as well as to decrease the memory requirement. The relaxation acceleration technique was applied to the coupled code and was shown that it could satisfy much stricter convergence criterions. The technique can also guarantee convergence and be used as a tool to decrease the computational time. The coupled code was tested against two other coupled Monte Carlo/thermal-hydraulic sub-channel codes and the results were similar. The coupled code was also tested on a full assembly problem.
Actuator selection and placement for localized feedback flow control

The selection and placement of actuators and sensors to control compressible viscous flows is addressed by developing a novel methodology based upon the eigensystem structural sensitivity of the linearized evolution operator appropriate for linear feedback control. Forward and adjoint global modes are used to construct a space of possible perturbations to the linearized operator, which yields a small optimization problem for selecting the parameters that best achieve the control objective, including where they should be placed. The method is demonstrated by informing actuation to suppress amplification of the instabilities in boundary layer separation in a high-subsonic diffuser. Complete stabilization is observed in the separated shear layer for short downstream distances at modest Reynolds number. Higher Reynolds numbers and longer distances are expected to be more challenging to stabilize; here the control informed by the procedure still substantively suppresses amplification of instabilities. It is also demonstrated that more complex actuator–sensor selections may not yield superior controllers.
Archaebacterial 5 S Ribosomal RNA

Summary The available information on primary and secondary structure of archaebacterial 5S rRNA is reviewed. The extent of primary sequence diversity is comparable to that seen among eubacterial genera. This is consistent with the view that the archaebacteria represent a taxon of the highest order among entities with procaryotic organization. The sequence information is also used to construct a phylogenetic tree which within the limitations of the data is in reasonable agreement with earlier results. In terms of secondary structure the archaebacterial 5 S rRNAs do not conform to the generally accepted models for either eubacterial or eucaryotic cytoplasmic 5S rRNAs. Instead there may be several classes of structures represented. Each of these would include a mixture of eubacterial features, eucaryotic features and unique features. These findings are discussed as they relate to the evolutionary position of the archaebacteria. It is pointed out that lateral gene transfer may have been far more frequent in the earliest stages of evolution and it is argued that this could profoundly effect the way one interprets data pertaining to the phylogenetic position of the archaebacteria. It is also observed that future studies would benefit greatly by inclusion of a phylogenetically diverse selection of archaebacteria.
Height, BMI, and relative economic standing in children from developing countries

Objectives The purpose of this study was to estimate a height-BMI association in child and female adolescent populations in developing countries, and to evaluate the potential role of relative economic status in this association. Methods Flexible structured additive regression models were used to estimate associations between height, BMI, and relative wealth. Linear regression models were used to evaluate height-wealth interactions on BMI outcomes. The models were applied to pooled samples of 971,180 children under 5 years of age and 225,718 adolescent females between 15 and 19 years. Samples were taken from Demographic and Health Surveys from 64 developing countries. Results Children exhibited a strong inverse association between height and BMI over the entire distribution of height. Female adolescents showed a weak inverse association. Relative economic status was associated with a stronger height-BMI relationship in early-life (<3 years) and a weaker relationship as children age into their fifth year. Conclusions Relative economic status may protect against consequences of a negative height-BMI association in young children in developing countries, first by promoting higher body weight among shorter children during the risk period for early-life mortality, and afterwards by limiting body weight in shorter children when overweight and obesity become longer-term health issues.
First results of the tagging of shortspine thornyhead, Sebastolobus alascanus, in Alaska

Abstract Shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus) is a commercially valuable deep dwelling rockfish species that has been tagged in Alaska waters since 1992. These tagging results are the primary analyses available for evaluating the movement of this species, which will allow managers to determine the appropriate geographic scale of management. A total of 13,897 tagged fish have been released, with 228 recoveries reported during 1992–2016. Of the returned tags, 19% traveled 100 nm. While a small percentage of tagged shortspine thornyhead traveled large distances, at times crossing management and international boundaries, the low movement rate indicates that the current scale of management for shortspine thornyhead rockfish in Alaska appears to be appropriate.
A framework for robot-assisted doffing of personal protective equipment

When treating highly-infectious diseases such as Ebola, health workers are at high risk of infection during the doffing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This is due to factors such as fatigue, hastiness, and inconsistency in training. The introduction of a semi-autonomous robot doffing assistant has the potential to increase the safety of the doffing procedure by assisting the human during high-risk sub-tasks. However, using a robotic assistant requires transforming a purely human task into a sequence of safe and effective human-robot collaborative actions. Since diseases like Ebola can spread through the mucous membranes of the face our goal in synthesizing these actions is to keep the human's hands away from his or her face as much as possible. As a secondary goal, we also seek to minimize the human's effort. We segment the doffing procedure into a sequence of human and robot actions such that the robot only assists when necessary and the human performs the more intricate parts of the procedure. Our framework then synthesizes assistive motions for the robot that perform parts of the tasks. Our experiments on five doffing tasks suggest that the introduction of a robot assistant improves the safety of the procedure in three out of four of the high-risk doffing tasks while reducing effort in all five tasks.
Biopsy-proven Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a 53-year-old Woman With Arginase Deficiency:

Arginase 1 deficiency, the least common urea cycle disorder, commonly presents with childhood-onset spastic paraplegia, progressive neurologic impairment, epilepsy, and developmental delay or regre...
Effective Business Development for In-Market IT Innovations with Industry-Driven API Composition

Businesses around the world are recognizing the need for continuous in-market IT innovations to differentiate their products and services with competition and drive business success. However, they find it difficult to invest and incorporate innovative solutions because, by definition, the innovations have not been field tested enough before to become off-the-shelf offerings and provide proven cost versus benefit business case. On the other hand, the providers of innovative solutions also face the problem of communicating business value while making their technology available for demonstration because they do not have access to the proprietary client data and business processes to estimate their technology’s impact on client’s dynamic environment and cannot part with the solution without adequate compensation for their intellectual property in the innovations. To resolve these twin issues, in this paper, we propose a framework to develop and incorporate innovative solutions in the context of industry business processes and metrics using (Web) API composition. We have implemented this approach into a prototype, and early experience shows that it is able to expedite business development for in-market innovations.
A Study of Some Physical Properties of Two Different Soil Textures Planted with Conocarpus Trees (Conocarpus lancifolius. Engl)

This research has been conducted to study the effect of Conocarpus trees and their roots on some of soilphysical properties. The soil physical properties are moisture content , bulk density , total porosity , mean weight diameter (dry sieveing) and soil penetration resistance . Some soil samples are collected from two locations :the first location is Agric. College research, Garmat Ali, stations , Basra university , and the second location isZuwber province farm . The soil texture of the first location is silty clay which is classified as fine clay mixed Calcarioushy perthermictypictorrifluvent, while the soil texture of the second location is sandy loam. This soil is classified with in species Entisol and under species psamments and high group , underhigh group and family (Typictorripsamments, Calcarious Mixed Hyperthermic). The soil samples are collected from two soil depths( 0 – 30 and 30 – 60) from both locations are planted with Conocarpus trees, their ages ranged between 4 to 5 years . The trees height is 2.5 – 3.0 m . Another soil samples are also collected from unplanted soil with Conocarpus trees. The results reveated that the silty clay soil is significantly surpassed the sandy loam soil in moisture content and mean weight diameter by a percentage of 68.76% and 32.91% respectively . Whereas, the bulk density and soil penetration resistance decreased , while the total porosity of the silty clay soil as compared with sandy loam soil .For unplanted soil, moisture content, the bulk density and the soil penetration resistance are increased as compared with planted soil . The soil depth (30 – 60)cm is surpassed soil depth of ( 0- 30)cm in giving higher values of moisture content andbulk density whereas it does not significantly affect the mean weight diameter and soil penetration resistance .
Validation of a Variable Direction Hysteresis Minimization Pharmacodynamic Approach: Cardiovascular Effects of Alfentanil

An important goal in therapeutics is the quantitative prediction of drug effects. Although several comprehensive pharmacodynamic models have been proposed, relatively few of these have attempted to assess objectively the application of the models to predict pharmacologic responses. A variable-direction hysteresis minimization approach was proposed recently that allowed the pharmacodynamics of drugs to be modeled using information about drug input. The application and validation of this approach are demonstrated using the pharmacodynamic effect of alfentanil, a short-acting narcotic analgesic agent, in New Zealand White rabbits. A parameter is proposed to assess the ability of the pharmacodynamic model to predict responses.
Bounds for the Effective Yield Surface of Polycrystals

The dependence of the effective yield strength of polycrystals on their microstructure has been the subject of extensive work since the beginning of this century. In the present paper we revisit briefly the problem of obtaining bounds to the effective (macroscopic) yield surface of polycrystals. Our aim is to understand, by means of bounds, the influence of “alignment” of grains of like orientation on the macroscopic yield strength of a polycrystal.
Influences of a River Dam on Delivery and Fate of Sediments and Particulate Nutrients to the Adjacent Estuary: Case Study of Conowingo Dam and Chesapeake Bay

Dams impact the magnitude and nature of material transport through rivers to coastal waters, initially trapping much material in upstream reservoirs. As reservoirs fill, trapping decreases and bottom sediments can be scoured by high flows, increasing downstream delivery. This is the case for the Conowingo Dam, which historically has trapped much of the sediment and particulate nutrients carried by the Susquehanna River otherwise bound for Chesapeake Bay but has now reached dynamic equilibrium. While previous studies primarily focus on either delivery of river inputs or their fate in the Bay, this study synthesizes insights from field observations and modeling along the Reservoir-Bay continuum to evaluate potential impacts of infilling on Bay biogeochemistry. Results show most Susquehanna sediment and particulate nutrient loading occurs during high-flow events that occur only ~ 10% of the time. While loading during these events has increased since the late 1970s, consistent with a decreasing scour threshold for Reservoir sediments, loading during low-flow periods has declined. Loads entering the estuary are largely retained within the upper Bay but can be transported farther downstream during events. Reservoir sediments are highly refractory, and inputs of reservoir-like organic matter do not enhance modeled sediment-nutrient release in upper Bay sediments. These findings and an emerging literature highlight the Bay’s resilience to large sediment loads during events (e.g., Tropical Storm Lee in 2011), likely aided by ongoing restoration efforts and/or consistently low-moderate recent inflows (2012–2017). Thus, while events can have major short-term impacts, the long-term impact to Bay biogeochemistry is less severe.
A new species of Paleoendeitoma (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Colydiinae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Cylindrical bark beetles (subfamily Colydiinae) have a long and convoluted taxonomic history which has led to much confusion in their nomenclature and phylogeny (summarized in Ivie et al., 2016). In the past they have been treated as a separate family within the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. However, taxonomic studies have placed them as sister to the Zopherinae within the Zopheridae (Ślipinski & Lawrence, 1999). Phylogenetic analyses are inconclusive on this relationship with some supporting (McKenna et al., 2019) and others providing evidence against (Hunt et al., 2007; McKenna et al., 2015; McKenna et al., 2019) this hypothesis (although low taxon sampling may play a role in this discordance). Even the monophyly of the Colydiinae within the Zopheridae is suspect (Lawrence et al., 2011; Ivie et al., 2016) as they possess no convincing morphological synapomorphies. The tribe Synchitini in particular is the largest in the Colydiinae with 115 genera of mainly mycophagous or detritivorous beetles inhabiting rotting wood, under bark, or leaf-litter habitats (Ivie, 2002). This tribe may be paraphyletic with respect to the other colydiine tribes, and as with the broader subfamily, requires much phylogenetic work to clarify these relationships (Ivie, 2002).
A global version of Günther's polysymplectic formalism using vertical projections

Abstract I construct a global version of the local polysymplectic approach to covariant Hamiltonian field theory pioneered by C. Gunther. Beginning with the geometric framework of the theory, I specialize to vertical vector fields to construct the (poly)symplectic structures, derive Hamilton’s field equations, and construct a generalized Poisson structure. I then examine a few key examples to determine the nature of the necessary vertical projections and find that the theory seems to provide the geometric analog of the canonical transformation approach to covariant Hamiltonian field theory advanced by Struckmeier and Redelbach. I conclude with a few remarks about possible applications of this framework to the geometric quantization of classical field theories.
Comparison of Repeat Exchange Rate after Axial-Flow to Centrifugal-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Exchange versus Axial-Flow to Axial-Flow Device Exchange

Purpose Patients who suffer from device malfunction after axial-flow left ventricular assist device (af-LVAD) implantation often require device exchange. Although af-LVAD to af-LVAD exchange is reported as a safe procedure, rate of recurrent malfunction remains high. We hypothesized that af-LVAD to centrifugal-flow LVAD (cf-LVAD) exchange is associated with lower rate of recurrent malfunction requiring repeat exchange compared to af-LVAD to af-LVAD exchange. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent af-LVAD implantation between 5/2011 and 3/2019 at out institution. Of these, 31 patients underwent 43 device exchanges either to af-LVAD (AE group, N = 29) or to cf-LVAD (CE group, N = 14). Results Reasons of device exchange in the AE group were pump thrombosis in 19 (66 %), infection in 1 (3 %) and others in 9 (31 %), and those in the CE group were pump thrombosis in 8 (58 %), infection in 3 (21 %) and others in 3 (21 %). There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups except higher rate of more than mild aortic insufficiency in the CE group (CE; 50 % vs AE; 0 %, P Conclusion Af-LVAD to cf-LVAD exchange is a safe procedure for af-LVAD patients who require device exchange, and possibly decrease recurrent device malfunction event requiring repeat device exchange.
CHAPTER TEN – ROOTS OF POLYNOMIALS

Publisher Summary The polynomial function f(x) = ax+b is called a linear function, and the polynomial function g(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 is called a quadratic function. To facilitate the study of polynomial functions in general, this chapter presents the notation P(x) = anxn·+ an–1xn–1 + … + a1x + a0, an ≠ 0 as a representation of a polynomial function of degree n. The coefficient ak may be real or complex numbers and that the subscript k of the coefficient ak is the same as the exponent of x in xk. This chapter discusses the method to find the roots or solutions of the polynomial equation of degree an xn + an–1xn–1 + … + a1x +a0 = 0. These solutions are also known as the roots or zeros of the polynomial. The chapter discusses the number of roots of a polynomial in the field of complex numbers and in the field of real numbers, the number of roots in the field of rational numbers if the coefficients of a polynomial are integers, and whether there is a relationship between the roots and factors of a polynomial.
The Role of Rural School Leaders in a School-Community Partnership

Rural schools play central roles in their communities, and rural education scholars advocate for rural school-community partnerships to support school and community renewal. Across the United States, including in rural areas, formal models for school-community partnerships have been scaled up. The literature on rural principals highlights their roles in developing school-community partnerships, yet questions remain as to how school leaders engage in such partnerships. Using boundary-spanning leadership as a theoretical lens, this descriptive study examines the role of district and school leaders in a regional school-community partnership, including as founding members, champions of collaboration, cheerleaders for the partnership, and amplifiers of often excluded voices.
Unhinged: Zoom, Crisis, Disabling Communication in the Ivy League

Unhinged evokes how institutions of higher learning police their boundaries through codes of professionalism and sanity. It examines what kinds of bodies and minds are permitted to walk across campus grounds, to take up an office, enter a classroom, present research, speak in a Zoom meeting. Hiring a Mad scholar means more than ticking the requisite diversity box. The presence of madness within a scholarly setting disrupts boundaries between reason and unreason, between legitimacy and illegitimacy, between what should be heard and what should be silenced. The essay considers specifically a moment of failed listening, when assumptions were made about what a mad person means, as if she has no say in defining herself and her needs. What results is not a theoretical intervention into a given text, but into a living moment: the ethics of care within academic settings and the difficult translation of conceptual framework from page to face. This lyrical meditation ultimately imagines what madness might have to offer the forums of academia, what listening to madness might teach us about the signifying resonance of unordinary linguistics and why a sentence uttered in an international atrocity might need to break. The analysis subverts assumptions of pathology and risk, revealing how the negation of a madwoman's agency and voice is itself a danger.
A novel method for sensor-based quantification of single/multi-cellular traction dynamics and remodeling in 3D matrices

Cells in vivo generate mechanical forces (traction) on surrounding 3D extra cellular matrix (ECM) and cells. Such traction and biochemical cues may remodel the matrix, e.g. increase stiffness, which in turn influences cell functions and forces. This dynamic reciprocity mediates development and tumorigenesis. Currently, there is no method available to directly quantify single cell traction and matrix remodeling in 3D. Here, we introduce a method to fulfil this long-standing need. We developed a high-resolution microfabricated sensor which hosts a 3D cell-ECM tissue formed by self-assembly. It measures cell forces and tissue-stiffness and can apply mechanical stimulation to the tissue. We measured single and multicellular force dynamics of fibroblasts (3T3), human colon (FET) and lung (A549) cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF05) with 1 nN resolution. Single cells show significant force fluctuations in 3D. FET/CAF co-culture system, mimicking cancer tumor microenvironment, increased tissue stiffness by 3 times within 24 hours.
CXCL10 Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Arthritogenic Alphaviruses.

Emerging and re-emerging arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and O’nyong nyong virus, cause acute and chronic crippling arthralgia associated with inflammatory immune responses. Approximately 50% of CHIKV-infected patients suffer from rheumatic manifestations that last 6 months to years. However, the physiological functions of individual immune signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of alphaviral arthritis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a deficiency in CXCL10, which is a chemoattractant for monocytes/macrophages/T cells, led to the same viremia as wild-type animals, but fewer immune infiltrates and lower viral loads in footpads at the peak of arthritic disease (6–8 days post infection). Macrophages constituted the largest immune cell population in footpads following infection, and were significantly reduced in Cxcl10−/− mice. The viral RNA loads in neutrophils and macrophages were reduced in Cxcl10−/− compared to wild-type mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that CXCL10 signaling promotes the pathogenesis of alphaviral disease and suggest that CXCL10 may be a therapeutic target for mitigating alphaviral arthritis.
Clinical Accuracy, Technical Precision, and Workflow of the First in Human Use of an Augmented-Reality Head-Mounted Display Stereotactic Navigation System for Spine Surgery.

Background Augmented reality mediated spine surgery is a novel technology for spine navigation. Benchmark cadaveric data have demonstrated high accuracy and precision leading to recent regulatory approval. Absence of respiratory motion in cadaveric studies may positively bias precision and accuracy results and analogous investigations are prudent in live clinical scenarios. Objective To report a technical note, accuracy, precision analysis of the first in-human deployment of this technology. Methods A 78-yr-old female underwent an L4-S1 decompression, pedicle screw, and rod fixation for degenerative spine disease. Six pedicle screws were inserted via AR-HMD (xvision; Augmedics, Chicago, Illinois) navigation. Intraoperative computed tomography was used for navigation registration as well as implant accuracy and precision assessment. Clinical accuracy was graded per the Gertzbein-Robbins (GS) scale by an independent neuroradiologist. Technical precision was analyzed by comparing 3-dimensional (3D) (x, y, z) virtual implant vs real implant position coordinates and reported as linear (mm) and angular (°) deviation. Present data were compared to benchmark cadaveric data. Results Clinical accuracy (per the GS grading scale) was 100%. Technical precision analysis yielded a mean linear deviation of 2.07 mm (95% CI: 1.62-2.52 mm) and angular deviation of 2.41° (95% CI: 1.57-3.25°). In comparison to prior cadaveric data (99.1%, 2.03 ± 0.99 mm, 1.41 ± 0.61°; GS accuracy 3D linear and angular deviation, respectively), the present results were not significantly different (P > .05). Conclusion The first in human deployment of the single Food and Drug Administration approved AR-HMD stereotactic spine navigation platform demonstrated clinical accuracy and technical precision of inserted hardware comparable to previously acquired cadaveric studies.
Study of vacuum ultraviolet emission in helium and helium/nitrogen mixtures

Helium is frequently used as a working medium for the generation of plasmas and is capable of energetic photon emissions. These energetic photon emissions are often attributed to the formation of helium excimer and subsequent photon emission. When the plasma device is exposed to another gas, such as nitrogen, this energetic photon emission can cause photoionization and further ionization wave penetration into the additional gas. Often ignored are the helium resonance emissions that are assumed to be radiation trapped and therefore not pertinent to photoionization. Here, experimental evidence for the presence of helium atomic emission in a pulsed discharge at ten’s of Torr is shown. Simulations of a discharge in similar conditions agree with the experimental measurements. In this context, the role of atomic and molecular helium light emission on photoionization of molecular nitrogen in an ionization wave is studied using a kinetic modeling approach that accounts for radiation dynamics in a developing low-temperature plasma. Three different mixtures of helium at a total pressure of 250 Torr are studied in simulation. Photoionization of the nitrogen molecule by vacuum ultraviolet helium emission is used as the only seed source ahead of the ionization front. It is found that even though radiation trapped, the atomic helium emission lines are the significant source of photoionization of nitrogen. The significant effect of radiation trapped photon emission on ionization wave dynamics demonstrates the need to consider these radiation dynamics in plasma reactors where self-absorbed radiation is ignored.
Engineered Nanomaterials’ Fate Assessment in Biological Matrices: Recent Milestones in Electron Microscopy

Engineered nanomaterials undergo a dynamic interaction with matrices such as soil, water, and biological tissues in their lifetime. The investigation and assessment of these interactions is the key to understand the implications that nanotechnology has on different aspects, including biotoxicity, therapeutic efficacy, and overall environmental sustainability. Electron microscopy (EM) is a high-resolution imaging technique that has been rapidly developed to achieve in situ, in vitro, and real-time imaging of nanomaterials in biological matrices. This perspective is the first to review the recent progress on assessing nanobio interaction at different biological levels using EM. We provide a clear picture of different EM configurations with their overall properties and a systematic summary of three main sample preparation methods, such as nanomaterials in dehydrated, frozen, and hydrated matrices. This perspective also provides a thorough discussion on the findings of the past five years on nanobio assessments using EM, such as the identification of nanocorona formation inside seeds during nanoagricultural studies; near-native structural analysis of lipid nanoparticles in nanomedicine studies; and the real-time observation of tumor cell internalization of gold nanoparticle in cancer research. Solving how engineered nanomaterials behave in a biological matrix has made a qualitative leap in nanoresearch. By summarizing recent studies, this perspective discusses the benefits and overall pitfalls of EM in aspects such as the resolution, sampling, and cost.
L-arginine as a potential GLP-1-mediated immunomodulator of Th17-related cytokines in people with obesity and asthma

Obesity is considered as a risk factor for COVID-19 with insulin resistance and increased production of inflammatory cytokines as likely mechanisms. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and inhaled nitric oxide are proposed therapeutic approaches to treat COVID-19 because of their broad anti-inflammatory effects. One approach that might augment GLP-1 levels would be dietary supplementation with L-arginine. Beyond cytokines, multiple studies have started to investigate the relationship between new-onset diabetes and COVID-19. In a posthoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled human clinical trial of L-arginine supplementation in people with asthma and predominantly with obesity, the results showed that 12 weeks of continuous L-arginine supplementation significantly decreased the level of IL-21 (p = 0.02) and increased the level of insulin (p = 0.02). A high arginine level and arginine/ADMA ratio were significantly associated with lower CCL-20 and TNF-α levels. The study also showed that L-arginine supplementation reduces cytokine levels and improves insulin deficiency or resistance, both are two big risk factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality. Given its safety profile and ease of accessibility, L-arginine is an attractive potential therapeutic option that allows for a cost-effective way to improve outcomes in patients. An expedition of further investigation or clinical trials to test these hypotheses is needed.
Uncomplicated Distal Radius Fractures: An Opportunity to Reduce Emergency Medicine Opioid Prescribing?

Objectives To assess emergency physician prescribing for simple extremity fractures-specifically, distal radius fractures-and describe the opportunity for reducing opioid prescribing. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to 1238 emergency physicians employed by a nationwide practice serving 220 sites in 20 states. The survey presented two plain film views of a simple Colles fracture and asked: "For the last patient you discharged . . . with the above injury, which pain medications did you prescribe or recommend?" Responses were collected using a clickable checklist of common opioid and nonopioid pain medications. Respondents also specified the number of days covered by any prescription. We assessed associations between physician characteristics and opioid prescribing using the χ2 test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and multivariable regression models. Results Responses were received from 447 (36%) physicians working in 18 states; 93% were trained in emergency medicine, 33% worked at academic sites, 68% had site volumes between 25,000 and 75,000, and the median experience was 10 (interquartile range 5-19) years. Overall, 92% (95% confidence interval 89%-95%) had prescribed an opioid for a median of 3 (interquartile range 3-4) days. The most commonly prescribed opioids were hydrocodone/acetaminophen (55%) and oxycodone/acetaminophen (20%). Physicians at academic sites prescribed opioids less frequently than those at nonacademic sites (88% vs 94%), but in multivariable regression there were no significant associations between physician characteristics and opioid prescribing. Conclusions Emergency physicians commonly prescribe opioids for simple distal radius fractures. This represents a potential opportunity to reduce opioid prescribing.