cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention therapy prevents airway inflammation and modulates pulmonary innate immune responses in young offspring mice.

Abstract Background Maternal asthma is a risk factor for asthma in offspring; however, transmission of the risk for allergic asthma without direct offspring sensitization has not been explored. Objective To determine whether offspring from mothers with ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthma would develop airway disease at first-ever exposure to OVA and whether preconception maternal treatment with the Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI) or dexamethasone (DEX) could modify this risk in offspring. Methods Female BALB/c mice (F0) with OVA-induced asthma were generated using established protocols. Mice with asthma were treated with ASHMI, DEX, or water for 6 to 7 weeks. Naive mice served as controls. Subsequently, mice were mated. Twelve-day-old F1 offspring received 3 consecutive intranasal low- or high-dose OVA exposures without sensitization. Forty-eight hours later, airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, serum antibodies, and cytokines were evaluated. Results Offspring from OVA-sensitized mothers, but not naive mothers, showed eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation, and mucus hyperplasia after OVA exposure and he presence of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2a. Offspring of ASHMI- and DEX-treated mothers showed decreased airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion after low-dose OVA ( P P P P P Conclusion Offspring of mothers with OVA-induced asthma developed airway inflammation and mucus to first-ever OVA exposure without prior sensitization. Maternal therapy with ASHMI was superior to DEX in decreasing offspring susceptibility to airway disease and could be a strategy to lower asthma prevalence.
Characterization of the ethanol-deprivation effect in substrains of C57BL/6 mice

Abstract Ethanol craving plays a major role in relapse drinking behavior. Relapse and ethanol craving are an important focus for the treatment of alcoholism. The ethanol-deprivation effect (EDE) is a widely used animal model of alcohol craving. While the EDE is widely studied in rats, the molecular mechanisms underlying EDE are not clearly understood. The C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is widely used for behavioral and molecular analyses of ethanol drinking but studies on the EDE have not been reported in this strain. In the present study, we characterized a simple behavioral protocol that rapidly and reliably induced EDE in C57BL/6 mice. Briefly, single-housed adult male C57BL/6NCrl and C57BL/6J mice were presented at the beginning of dark phase with two-bottle choice drinking containing either 10% wt/vol ethanol or tap water for 18h/day, as well as food ad libitum. Following ethanol drinking for 4 days or 14 days, mice were deprived of ethanol for a period of 4 days. To study EDE, mice were reinstated with two bottles containing either ethanol (10% wt/vol) or water. Mice were exposed to single or multiple ethanol-deprivation cycles. Ethanol consumption (g/kg/18h) and percent ethanol preference (% preference/18hrs) was recorded for individual mice. C57BL/6NCrl mice consumed moderate amounts (4.78±0.63g/kg) of ethanol but showed robust EDE after ethanol-drinking episodes (4 days or 14 days) as evidenced by increased ethanol consumption and ethanol preference following reinstatement of ethanol. While repeated ethanol deprivation in C57BL/6NCrl mice transiently increased ethanol consumption and ethanol preference, the magnitude of these behaviors was reduced as compared to the first deprivation cycle. In contrast, the C57BL/6J substrain consumed substantially higher levels (9.65±0.90g/kg) of ethanol but did not show a clear EDE after single or multiple ethanol-deprivation cycles. In conclusion, we established a simple and reliable behavioral model to study EDE in C57BL/6NCrl mice. A reliable behavioral model to study EDE in inbred C57BL/6NCrl mice could greatly facilitate further studies on molecular mechanisms of ethanol craving behavior.
Chirality correlation within Dirac eigenvectors from domain wall fermions

In the dilute instanton gas model of the QCD vacuum, one expects a strong spatial correlation between chirality and the maxima of the Dirac eigenvectors with small eigenvalues. Following Horv\'ath et al. we examine this question using lattice gauge theory within the quenched approximation. We extend the work of those authors by using weaker coupling, $\ensuremath{\beta}=6.0,$ larger lattices, ${16}^{4},$ and an improved fermion formulation, domain wall fermions. In contrast with this earlier work, we find a striking correlation between the magnitudes of the chirality density, $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(x){\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{5}\ensuremath{\psi}(x)|,$ and the normal density, ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}(x)\ensuremath{\psi}(x),$ for the low-lying Dirac eigenvectors.
Yeast TAFIIS in a multisubunit complex required for activated transcription.

IN higher eukaryotes the RNA polymerase II transcription factor TFIID is composed of a TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and a set of tightly bound polypeptides, designated TBP-associated factors (TAFIIS). One or more TAFIIS are coactivators that are required for activated but not basal transcription1–3. The eukary-otic transcription machinery is highly conserved and it is therefore puzzling that TAFIIS have not been identified in yeast. Here we use TBP as a protein-affinity ligand to isolate from yeast a multisubunit complex that is required specifically for activated transcription by RNA polymerase II. Microsequence analysis and cloning of two subunits of this complex reveal that they are the homologues of known mammalian and Drosophila TAFIIS. The genes encoding these two yeast TAFIIS are essential, suggesting that activated transcription is required for viability of Saccharo-myces cerevisiae.
Salience and taxation: salience effect versus information effect

Posting tax-inclusive price tags on grocery products can reduce demand through an information effect that corrects consumers who misperceive the actual tax status. We disentangle the information effect from the salience effect developed by Chetty, Looney and Kroft (2009, CLK for short). By utilizing CLK's survey finding that 20% of shoppers mistakenly think there is no sales tax on toothpaste, we show that the information effect actually explains 31% of the sales drop in CLK's field study. Therefore, ignoring the information effect may overestimate the salience effect by a large degree.
Analysis of Catania Flash Flood Case Study by Using Combined Microwave and Infrared Technique

AbstractIn this paper, the analysis of an extreme convective event atypical for the winter season, which occurred on 21 February 2013 on the east coast of Sicily and caused a flash flood over Catania, is presented. In just 1 h, more than 50 mm of precipitation was recorded, but it was not forecast by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and, consequently, no severe weather warnings were sent to the population. The case study proposed is first examined with respect to the synoptic situation and then analyzed by means of two algorithms based on satellite observations: the Cloud Mask Coupling of Statistical and Physical Methods (MACSP) and the Precipitation Evolving Technique (PET), developed at the National Research Council of Italy. Both of the algorithms show their ability in the near-real-time monitoring of convective cell formation and their rapid evolution. As quantitative precipitation forecasts by NWP could fail, especially for atypical convective events like in Catania, tools like MACSP and PET...
History-Dependent Isotherms and TIRF Calibrations for Homopolymer Adsorption

This work reexamines fundamental issues for the implementation of total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) in quantitative studies of polymer adsorption : the utility of internal calibrations for surface excess and complications stemming from light scattering, chain labeling topography, and quantum yield changes on adsorption. Scattered photons were found to have a greater impact on the signal than documented in the literature, motivating the development of an improved universal calibration. The work then probes the history dependence of TIRF-obtained isotherms for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and (hydroxyethyl)cellulose (HEC) on silica, comparing coverages to those on silica particles. With sufficient equilibration time, the TIRF-obtained isotherm shapes for PEO approached those on silica particles, suggesting linearity of TIRF signal in interfacial chain number. Also apparent for PEO (1 label/chain) was the surface selectivity for high molecular weight populations, which artificially lowered the apparent mass coverage by up to a factor of 2. TIRF-obtained isotherms for HEC were strongly history dependent in a manner that suggested solvent-induced interfacial relaxations and a sensitivity of fluorescein quantum yield to HEC chain configurations.
Super-Resolution Imaging Using Randomly Diffusing Probes

Recent advances in super-resolution microscopy allow imaging of biological tissues labeled with fluorescent dyes with unprecedented resolution making it possible to study cellular structures on a new length-scales. These techniques, such as photo-activated localization microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, rely on the fact that single emitters can be localized with nm accuracy. When multiple emitters reside within a diffraction-limited spot one has to ensure that they emit one at a time, which is typically done by serial photo-switching. This localization approach however has not been applied yet to other imaging modalities, for example imaging local electromagnetic field enhancement, mainly because serial photo-switching would be infeasible for investigating a local field. Here we present a super-resolution imaging technique which circumvents the requirement for serial photoswitching by using the random motion of single dye molecules to scan the surface in a stochastic manner. The scanning combined with point-spread function localization allows us to image electromagnetic field enhancement of a single hot spot with 1.2 nmn accuracy. Hotspots, utilized for example in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), appear when light illuminating rough metallic surface is concentrated to the nanometer scale, producing an intense electromagnetic field. The mechanism generating the enhancement is still not well understood and probing the electromagnetic field of the hotspots can offer key insight. We mapped the field of hot spots on the surfaces of aluminium thin films and silver nanoparticle clusters and discovered strong fluorescence enhancements, decaying exponentially from the center, which correlates inversely with the size of the hotspot.
Human Reliability Analysis in the U.S. Nuclear Power Industry: A Comparison of Atomistic and Holistic Methods:

A variety of methods have been developed to generate human error probabilities for use in the US nuclear power industry. When actual operations data are not available, it is necessary for an analyst to estimate these probabilities. Most approaches, including THERP, ASEP, SLIM-MAUD, and SPAR-H, feature an atomistic approach to characterizing and estimating error. The atomistic approach is based on the notion that events and their causes can be decomposed and individually quantified. In contrast, in the holistic approach, such as found in ATHEANA, the analysis centers on the entire event, which is typically quantified as an indivisible whole. The distinction between atomistic and holistic approaches is important in understanding the nature of human reliability analysis quantification and the utility and shortcomings associated with each approach.
Hydronic heating systems : Transient modelling, validation and load matching control

A dynamic model of a hydronic heating system is developed. The system consists of a boiler, baseboard terminal units, domestic hot water (DHW) heat exchanger coil and an environmental zone. The model is described by a set of time varying nonlinear coupled differential equations. Predicted responses from the model are compared with the measured data gathered on an on–off controlled hydronic heating system installed in an apartment building. Results show that the model predictions compare well with the field data. Using this validated model, feedback controllers are designed to achieve better regulation of zone air temperature, boiler water temperature and DHW temperature. A load tracking setpoint control strategy is proposed to regulate boiler temperature as a function of outdoor air temperature. Results showing the simulated responses of the system with the designed controllers subject to step changes in space heating and DHW loads are given. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CORE-SHELL TECTO-(DENDRIMER) MOLECULES BY TAPPING MODE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Four different types of core−shell tecto-(dendrimer) were imaged by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). The tecto-(dendrimer) molecules were based on PAMAM dendrimers, and included G4G3, G5...
Bone measures in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents: disparity between quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements.

Investigators have found that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of areal bone mineral density (BMD) values in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents are reduced. Volumetric bone density (BD) measured by quantitative computed tomography (CT) in this population has not been studied. This study was designed to evaluate bone measurements in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents using DXA and CT. Fifty-eight children and adolescents (32 females and 26 males with a mean age ± SD of 12.0±3.9 years, age range 5.0–19.4 years) with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection underwent simultaneous bone area and density evaluation by DXA and CT. Height and weight measurements as well as pubertal assessment were performed on the same day. All but four subjects were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Subjects were matched with healthy children and adolescents for age, gender, and ethnicity. HIV-1 infected children were significantly shorter ( P <0.001), lighter ( P <0.005), and had delayed puberty ( P <0.001) compared to controls. Using DXA, HIV-1 infected subjects had significantly less bone area ( P <0.001), bone mineral content (BMC) ( P <0.005), and BMD ( P <0.05) at the vertebral level compared to controls. In addition, bone area ( P <0.001), BMC ( P <0.001), and BMD ( P <0.005) of the whole body were also reduced relative to controls. In contrast, using CT, HIV-1 infected subjects had similar vertebral BD compared to controls, but smaller vertebral height and cross-sectional area (CSA) ( P =0.01 and P <0.005, respectively). DXA Z-scores provided values significantly lower than CT Z-scores in the HIV-1 infected population ( P <0.01). After accounting for weight and vertebral height, stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that the prediction of CT BD values of L1 to L3 from DXA values of these vertebrae was significantly improved. HIV-1 infected children and adolescents have lower vertebral and whole body BMC and BMD DXA measures. In contrast, vertebral BD measurements by CT are normal. The lower bone measurements were primarily due to the decreased bone and body size of the HIV-1 subjects.
Fast Event Recorder Utilizing a CCD Analog Shift Register

A system of electronics has been developed to allow the capture and recording of relatively fast, low-amplitude analog events. The heart of the system is a dual 455-cell analog shift register charge-coupled device, Fairchild CCD321ADC-3. The CCD is operated in a dual clock mode. The input is sampled at a selectable clock rate of .25-20 MHz. The stored analog data is then clocked out at a slower rate, typically about .25 MHz. The time base expansion of the analog data allows for analog-to-digital conversion and memory storage using conventional medium-speed devices. The digital data is sequentially loaded into a static RAM and may then be block transferred to a computer. The analog electronics are housed in a single-width NIM module, and the RAM memory in a single-width CAMAC module. Each pair of modules provides six parallel channels. Cost is about $200.00 per channel. Applications are described for ionization imaging (TPC, IRC) and long-drift calorimetry in liquid argon.
On the nature of linguistic functioning in early infantile autism

This paper provides a review of studies conducted on linguistic functioning in autistic children, within the framework developed in normal language acquisition research. Despite certain methodological weaknesses, the research consistently shows that phonological and syntactic development follow the same course as in normal children and in other disordered groups, though at a slowed rate, while semantic and pragmatic functioning may be specially deficient in autism. These findings are related to other recent studies on the relative independence of different aspects of language.
Increased m-CPP-induced oral dyskinesia after lesion of serotonergic neurons.

Peripheral administration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2C/1B agonist 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine (m-CPP) produces abnormal orofacial movements in rats. We have previously shown that this behavior is mediated by 5-HT2C receptors in the subthalamic nucleus [Neuroscience 72 (1996) 117]. The present studies examined this effect after serotonin depletion to determine whether removal of endogenous serotonin affected this behavioral response and/or subthalamic 5-HT2C receptors. Rats received an intraventricular infusion of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, 100 mg/10 ml) or vehicle after desipramine pretreatment (25 mg/kg ip). The efficacy of serotonin depletion was confirmed by a decrease in serotonin uptake sites measured by autoradiography. Oral dyskinesia induced by peripheral administration of m-CPP (1.0 mg/kg ip) was markedly increased in lesioned rats compared to sham-operated controls 4 and 8 but not 12 days after the lesion. A subset of lesioned rats that displayed transient seizures after m-CPP injection did not prevent the measurement of oral dyskinesia during the observation period. No differences in 5-HT2C receptor levels were found with ligand-binding autoradiography in the subthalamic nucleus, or in other brain regions that express this receptor, in rats sacrificed 5 days following 5,7-DHT lesions. The data indicate that lesion of serotonergic neurons in adult rats induces a transient increase in motor responses mediated by subthalamic 5-HT2C receptors. These data suggest that functional alterations in serotonergic transmission in the subthalamic nucleus may be involved in the pathophysiology of hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Effects of methapyrilene on DNA synthesis in mice and rats following continuous dietary exposure.

The effects of the antihistamine methapyrilene (MP) on DNA synthesis in rats and mice were investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated a dose response for tumor induction in the rat but no carcinogenic effect in the mouse. To study the role of DNA synthesis in MP carcinogenesis, rats and mice were administered MP at doses of 0, 62.5, 125, 250 or 1000 p.p.m. in the diet for a period of 1-12 weeks. Bromodeoxyuridine was administered continuously using an osmotic minipump during the last week of treatment to provide an index of DNA synthesis. Results demonstrated that in the rat 250 and 1000 p.p.m. MP increased DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner that correlated with the tumor response in previous oncogenic studies. MP at 62.5 p.p.m. did not increase DNA synthesis, indicating a no effect level for cell proliferation and suggesting a no effect level for carcinogenicity by this compound in the rat. MP did not induce DNA synthesis in mice after exposure to 1000 p.p.m. for 12 weeks, nor did it induce changes in serum chemistries or liver histopathology suggestive of overt toxicity as was seen in the rat at 1000 p.p.m. The correlations between labeling index and tumorigenicity in the rat and mouse strongly support a role of cell proliferation in the carcinogenic mechanism of MP.
Photosystem I core

Abstract Recent work on the structure of photosystem I (PS I) is reviewed in historical context. Composition and methods of preparation of the reaction center, core and antennae are described. Emphasis is on the polypeptide composition of the various parts of the photosystem, especially the core, which also includes the reaction center. Recent work on the assignment of iron-sulfur centers to particular polypeptides is described as well as work on other early electron acceptors. The interactions of PS I with ferredoxin (which forms the link to pyridine nucleotide reduction) and with plastocyanin (which forms the link with the cytochrome b 6 /f complex) are presented. Reports on the sequences of chloroplast- and nuclear-coded polypeptide components of PS I are summarized along with interpretations of the structure of the photosystem derived from such results. Work on attempts to determine structure at the atomic level by X-ray crystallography is described. The relationship of green plant and cyanobacterial PS I to various types of bacterial photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes is discussed. The protein-dimer nature of PS I reaction center is reviewed and evaluated. Data suggesting that the isolated green plant PS I reaction center may not be a protein-dimer are presented.
SQUEEZE-OUT OF PION EMISSION IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS

The azimuthal angle distributions of charged pions with respect to the reaction plane determined by projectile heavy fragments is presented for 32S at 200A GeV. The squeezeout of pions perpendicular to the reaction plane for 28Si at 14.5A GeV and 197Au at 10.6A GeV is observed as a function of impact parameter (b) and the target mass.
Launch Vehicle Self-Sustained Oscillation from Aeroelastic Coupling Part 1: Theory

Self-sustained oscillation of launch vehicles can result during transonic e ight if structural responses couple with alternating e ow separation forces at the payload fairing cone‐ cylinder junction. A new technique for the prediction of the amplitudes of limit cycles induced by this aeroelastic coupling is presented. As in the classical approach, aeroelastic theory is used with semiempirical dee nition of the forces. Emphasis is placed on establishing the steady-state dynamic behavior of the launch vehicle. A notable feature of the theory is the derivation of simple analytic expressions for the dynamic amplie cation factor consistent with coupled aeroelastic forces and launch vehicleresponses. Theseequationscan bereadily evaluated for given structural and e owe eld parametersand were validated numerically. The theory also shows that theresponse of structurally damped launch vehicles undergoing aeroelastic coupling is always bounded.
Two case reports of oral ulcers with lamotrigine several weeks after oxcarbazepine withdrawal.

Objective: To report two cases of mouth ulcers in lamotrigine patients after oxcarbazepine withdrawal. Patients and methods: The first patient was a 35-year-old woman with bipolar disorder II (BD II) started on lamotrigine and tapered off oxcarbazepine while an inpatient. The second patient was a 36-year-old man with BD II. He was discharged on lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine with the recommendation of a slow withdrawal of oxcarbazepine. Results: Many weeks after hospital discharge and after a stable lamotrigine dose had been established, both patients developed painful mouth ulcers that were diagnosed during outpatient visits. The first patient developed ulcers 39 days after oxcarbazepine was stopped and the ulcers resolved 4 days after lamotrigine discontinuation. The second patient was taking 1200 mg/day of oxcarbazepine and after leaving hospital decreased this to 600 mg/day. Twenty-two days after the oxcarbazepine decrease, he developed oral ulcers that resolved with oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine discontinuation. Conclusions: Lamotrigine is mainly metabolized by glucuronidation, specifically by the uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases 1A4 (UGT1A4). Carbamazepine is a UGT1A4 inducer. These two cases suggest that oxcarbazepine may also induce lamotrigine metabolism. The discontinuation or dosage decrease of carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine may be associated with a slow increase of lamotrigine levels over several weeks and thus increase risk of lamotrigine toxicity that may manifest as oral ulcers. Hospital psychiatrists need to be aware that discontinuation of inducers may take several weeks to manifest as side effects.
Characterization of Dispersion Effects on Reaction Optimization and Scale-Up for a Packed Bed Flow Hydrogenation Reactor

A well known advantage of flow chemistry reactors in chemical synthesis is the ability to screen multiple catalysts and reaction parameters with optimal conditions scaled accordingly. This approach, however, consumes significant quantities of material as the reactor must be equilibrated with the reactants in a continuous, steady-state mode before the start of the reaction. In this work we explore a screening and reaction approach using bolus injections, which is more conducive to the lower material consumption that may be required in a drug discovery setting. A commercially available ThalesNano H-Cube® was evaluated to determine the practicality of this approach for heterogeneous hydrogenations. When working with boluses in flow systems, one of the biggest limitations can be the inherent dispersion of the reactant stream caused by the reactor. The dispersion on the H-Cube® was characterized to determine the minimum volume for the reactor to reach a steady-state. The H-Cube® fluidics and heating coil were found to generate significantly more dispersion than the reaction cartridge (CatCart®) itself, increasing the minimum volume of injection required to achieve steady-state. A 2 mL injection was found as a good compromise between maximizing material conservation and sufficient volume of reaction at steady-state condition. Conditions optimized at 2 mL screening scale were successfully scaled five-fold, while lower volume bolus injections were shown to be less predictable. A stacked injection protocol using lower volume boluses was found to be a reliable alternative to scale reactions while efficiently conserving material. This application of small bolus injections to flow reaction screening and scale-up provides a desirable alternative to traditional continuous flow approaches in the material-limited discovery setting.
Wear of Small Orifices by Streaming Current Driven Corrosion

Abstract : Wear on the upstream side of small metal orifices subject to large pressure drops (3000 psi) in phosphate ester base hydraulic fluids was found to be the result of an electrochemical corrosion driven by streaming currents. A theory for the production of the streaming current by the flowing fluid is described. Results of the theory are compared with current measurements and observed wear patterns. A large variation of wall shear stress along the metal surface is found to be necessary for the wear. (Author)
The chemical and physical properties of condensed phosphates

ABSTRACT In the following work the current status of inorganic phosphate chemistry is discussed briefly. The influence of phase transitions upon the physical properties of condensed phosphates is reviewed and new data for the 54°C transition of Na 4 P 4 O 12 ·4H 2 O are presented. Urea will prevent the decomposition of Na 5 P 3 O 10 during the transition of Na 5 P 3 O 10 ·6H 2 O to Na 5 P 3 O 10 . The mechanism of this action is discussed. The growths of cleavage families resulting from the hydrolytic degradation of condensed phosphates are discussed, and published rate constants are employed to calculate the growth of families of phosphates.
Between Fiction and Ethnography: TABUCCHI'S GLI ZINGARI E IL RINASCIMENTO: VIVERE DA ROM A FIRENZE:

My reading of Tabucchi's Gli Zingari e il Rinascimento: Vivere da Rom a Firenze, seeks to show how Tabucchi's text is indebted to, and critical of, a history of ethnographic observation of the “oth...
ASSESSING FACULTY ORIENTATIONS TOWARDS GRADES AND LEARNING: SOME INITIAL RESULTS

Although college and university faculty routinely assign grades, the effect this process has on teaching and learning only infrequently has been investigated empirically. Based on prior work leading to a self-report inventor): designed to assess students'orientations towards learning and grades known as LOGO II, the present work reports the results of two separate studies of the development of a similar inventory for faculty, LOGO:F. In Study 1, 253 full-time faculty were asked to complete LOGO:F and to provide demographic information concerning gender, disciplinary affiliation, and number of years teaching. In Study 2, 152 faculty members at a different university also were asked to complete LOGO:F and to provide relevant demographic information
Integration of single crystal La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films with Si(001)

Abstract We have successfully grown high quality epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) films on Si(001) substrate using TiN/MgO/SrTiO3 buffer layers by a pulsed laser deposition technique. The integration of LSMO with Si(100) was realized by domain matching epitaxy of TiN on Si(001) and lattice matching epitaxy of MgO, SrTiO3 and LSMO. During domain matching epitaxy, four lattice constants of TiN match with three of silicon across the TiN/Si(001) interface. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope investigations showed the films to be single phase, single crystalline and epitaxial with (001) orientation. Electrical resistivity measurements showed a metal–insulator transition with a resistivity peak at ∼305 K. Enhanced electron–electron interactions are found to play significant role in LSMO films at low temperatures.
Toxicity studies on 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane.

Abstract The symmetric and asymmetric isomers of tetrachlorodifluoroethane produced similar effects and low order of acute toxicity in oral, inhalation, or skin tests. The symmetric isomer was mildly irritating to rabbit eyes and guinea pig skin. It was not a sensitizer for guinea pig skin. Repeated four-hour exposures of rats to 3000 ppm for 10 days disclosed slight effects on weight and nervous functions, but no significant pathologic change. Thirty 6-hour exposures (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) to 1000 ppm produced no toxic signs. Rat hematology revealed slight leucopenia. Slight liver changes were observed histologically in rats. Atmospheric levels of either isomer should not exceed 500 ppm for hygienic purposes.
Elevated subclinical atherosclerosis associated with oophorectomy is related to time since menopause rather than type of menopause.

Abstract Objective To compare common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) between women who had natural menopause with those who had surgical menopause and to correlate IMT with time since menopause. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University-based research clinic. Patient(s) One hundred eighty-nine healthy postmenopausal women who were not on hormone therapy (HT), age 46 to 81 (n = 132, women who did not have a prior hysterectomy or oophorectomy; n=57, women who had undergone hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy). Intervention(s) B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid artery, standardized questionnaires, and fasting blood samples were completed to evaluate the relationship between type of menopause, time since menopause, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Main outcome measure(s) Carotid artery IMT. Result(s) Mean (SEM) carotid artery IMT measurements were 0.74 (0.01) mm among women experiencing natural menopause and 0.81 (0.02) mm among women having bilateral oophorectomy ( P =.02). After adjusting for years since menopause, the mean IMT did not differ between the two groups (0.77 [0.01] mm among natural menopause and 0.76 [0.02] mm among bilateral oophorectomy groups). The age-adjusted carotid IMT was significantly positively associated with years since menopause ( P =.02). Conclusion(s) Earlier menopause is associated with elevated subclinical atherosclerosis. Because they have on average far earlier menopause, women with bilateral oophorectomy have elevated subclinical atherosclerosis compared with women of similar age who had natural menopause.
Resonance bands in a two degree of freedom Hamiltonian system

Abstract In perturbations of integrable two degree of freedom Hamiltonian systems, the invariant (KAM) tori are typically separated by zones of instability or resonance bands inhabited by elliptic and hyperbolic periodic orbits and homoclinic orbits. We indicate how the Melnikov method or the method of averaging can asymptotically predict the widths of these bands in specific cases and we compare these predictions with numerical computations for a pair of linearly coupled simple pendula. We conclude that, even for low order resonances, the first order asymptotic results are generally useful only for very small coupling (ϵ⪅10 -4 ).
Management of sclerodermal finger ulcers

Ninety-three percent of 59 patients with scleroderma reviewed in this study presented with Raynaud's phenomenon at a mean age of 43 years; 65% of these developed fingertip ulcers within 4 years. Other common findings were sclerodactyly, distal phalangeal resorption, calcinosis cutis, and digital contractures. Medical management of the digital ulcers with systemic and regional vasodilating drugs was unsatisfactory. Sympathectomy, when performed early, temporarily relieved vasospastic pain but did not affect the course of the ulcers. Severe digital pain was the most incapacitating symptom resulting from vasospasm early in the course of the disease and irreversible arterial luminal narrowing later in the course. Conservative fingertip amputations for nonhealing ulcers constituted the management of choice to eradicate the ulcer, to reduce or eliminate the pain, and to return the hand to early useful function. A decision tree for the management of these ulcers is proposed.
Comparative effects of precipitation acidity on three forest soils: carbon cycling responses

This comparative soil microcosm study examined the effects of precipitation acidity on decomposition processes in three contrasting eastern North American forest soils: a Becket series Haplorthod, an Unadilla series Dystrochrept, and an Adams series Haplorthod. Results from all three soils showed that soil respiration is quantitatively unaffected by differences in precipitation acidity over the range of pH 5.7 to 3.5 (annual loading rates of 36 to 5,520 eq H+ · ha−1). Soil respiration did vary as a function of edaphic differences between soils. Data from all three soils also indicated that precipitation acidity (at pH≧3.5 and lime potential ≧1.11) had no consistent quantitative effect upon total dissolved organic carbon leaching. Again, differences in DOC flux were related to inter-soil edaphic variations. Carbon turnover budgets for the three soils indicated that 54–68% of the forest floor carbon loss occurred through respiration, while DOC leaching accounted for the remaining 32–46% of carbon loss. Finally, results from all three soils showed that increased inputs of strong acids to the forest floor caused distinct decreases in the hydrophobic acid (fulvic acid) content of leachate dissolved organic carbon.
A local convergence theorem for the super-halley method in a Banach space

Abstract A local convergence theorem for the super-Halley method is presented here to solve nonlinear equations in Banach space. The method is of order four for quadratic equations. Most authors (including the famous conjecture by Traub for functions of one variable) have shown that this method is of order three only. Some applications are also provided, where our results apply, but previous related results do not.
Higher-order uncertainty relations

Using the non-negativity of Gram determinants of arbitrary order, we derive higher-order uncertainty relations for the symmetric uncertainty matrices of corresponding order n > 2 to n Hermitean operators (n = 2 is the usual case). The special cases of third-order and fourth-order uncertainty relations are considered in detail. The obtained third-order uncertainty relations are applied to the Lie groups SU(1,1) with three Hermitean basis operators (K 1,K 2,K 0) and SU(2) with three Hermitean basis operators (J 1,J 2,J 3) where, in particular, the group-coherent states of Perelomov type and of Barut–Girardello type for SU(1,1) and the spin or atomic coherent states for SU(2) are investigated. The uncertainty relations for the determinant of the third-order uncertainty matrix are satisfied with the equality sign for coherent states and this determinant becomes vanishing for the Perelomov type of coherent states for SU(1,1) and SU(2). As an example of the application of fourth-order uncertainty relations, we ...
Catalytic Conversion of Anisole: Evidence of Oxygen Removal in Reactions with Hydrogen

The conversion of anisole, a prototypical bio-oil compound, was catalyzed by Pt/Al2O3 in the presence of H2 at 573 K, with the selectivity for C–O bond breaking approximately matching that for ring hydrogenation; these reactions were accompanied by methyl group transfers matching those in the conversion catalyzed by HY zeolite.
Pleasure, pain, and moral character and development

I distinguish two kinds of pleasures - value-based pleasures, which can be explained in terms of the values of those who experience them, and brute pleasures, which cannot be so explained. I apply this distinction to three related projects. First, I critically examine a recent discussion of moral character by Colin McGinn, arguing that McGinn offers a distorted view of good character. Second, I try to elucidate certain remarks Aristotle makes about the relationships between pleasure and courage and pleasure and temperance. Third, I appeal to the distinction to elucidate the topic of moral improvement.
Congenital rubella syndrome and autism spectrum disorder prevented by rubella vaccination--United States, 2001-2010.

Background: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is associated with several negative outcomes, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The objective of this study was to estimate the numbers of CRS and ASD cases prevented by rubella vaccination in the United States from 2001 through 2010. Methods: Prevention estimates were calculated through simple mathematical modeling, with values of model parameters determined from published literature. Model parameters included pre-vaccine era CRS incidence, vaccine era CRS incidence, the number of live births per year, and the percentage of CRS cases presenting with an ASD. Results: Based on our estimates, 16,600 CRS cases (range: 8300-62,250) were prevented by rubella vaccination from 2001 through 2010 in the United States. An estimated 1228 ASD cases were prevented by rubella vaccination in the United States during this time period. Simulating a slight expansion in ASD diagnostic criteria in recent decades, we estimate that a minimum of 830 ASD cases and a maximum of 6225 ASD cases were prevented. Conclusions: We estimate that rubella vaccination prevented substantial numbers of CRS and ASD cases in the United States from 2001 through 2010. These findings provide additional incentive to maintain high measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage.
MRI gradient waveform design by numerical optimization

This manuscript describes a method of gradient waveform design by nonlinear constrained optimization. Methods of formulation and solution of the waveform optimization problem are briefly described for minimization of root mean squared current and minimization of waveform moments. Waveforms generated using these objectives are presented and compared with those obtained with other objectives. The method uses waveforms which are defined as a set of discrete amplitudes in order to remove artificial constraints on waveform shape imposed by "multilobe" designs. These point-to-point amplitudes are the parameters determined in the optimization procedure which includes knowledge of the specific imaging conditions and the specific gradient hardware system. Some beneficial results of this design approach are: a) physically realizable waveforms which optimally achieve specific imaging and motion artifact reduction goals, b) waveforms which are guaranteed to be optimal with respect to one of several possible objective, c) less reliance on the experience of the designer, and d) a potential reduction in waveform design time.
Pulling it all together: Meeting varying training requirements on national, state, and university levels for marriage and family therapy education

Marriage and family therapy programs face many challenge in trying to meet different sets of criteria including national, state, and university requirements. State regulation of the marriage and family therapy profession is a much sought after commodity. Currently 22 states have some type of MFT licensure or certification. MFT regulation criteria established by states to restrict title and function can differ in varying degrees from criteria established by the AAMFT's Commission on Accreditation. At the university level, MFT programs continue to be housed in a variety of schools including social work, education, psychology and home economics, as universities attempt to define a proper place for family therapy training. Confusion exists about whether MFT is a separate discipline or a specialization of another profession. The task of pulling it all together is addressed using one program's experience as an example.
Electroencephalographic laterality changes during human sexual orgasm

Left and right parietal EEGs were recorded while seven subjects experienced sexual climax through self-stimulation. EEG data were quantified by continuous cumulated measurements of the integrated areas of EEG recording during successive 1-sec epochs. In eight out of 12 experiments, this measure revealed a statistically significant change in laterality. Controlled replications with two of the original subjects obviated the possibility that two potential sources of artifact (hand used for masturbation and gross body movements) accounted for the changes. While previous research has focused on vasomotor and myotonic indices of sexual response, this study demonstrates the significance of brain phenomena in sexual orgasm.
\(\Sigma (1385)\) results with STAR

This paper introduces the Solenoidal Tracker experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The corrected p T spectra and the yields of the $\Sigma (1385)^{\pm}$ and their antiparticles in the most central Au + Au and elementary p + p collisions are presented. Comparison of the $\Sigma (1385)$ $\langle p_{T} \rangle$ measurement with the other particles corroborates the fact that the $\langle p_{T} \rangle$ behavior for hyperons (mass> 1.2 GeV) is similar in p + p and Au + Au collisions. The $\Sigma (1385)/\Lambda$ ratio, along with other resonance-to-stable-particle ratios, suggests that a regeneration mechanism recovers the signal loss due to re-scattering in the final state in Au + Au collisions.
Orthogonal Polynomials for a Family of Product Weight Functions on the Spheres

Based on the theory of spherical harmonics for measures invariant under a finite reflection group developed by Dunkl recently, we study orthogonal polynomials with respect to the weight functions |x 1| α 1 . . . |xd | α d on the unit sphere S d-1 in ℝ d . The results include explicit formulae for orthonormal polynomials, reproducing and Poisson kernel, as well as intertwining operator.
Effects of hospital mergers and acquisitions on prices

Abstract This paper examines the price effects of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the US hospital industry, which has witnessed considerable consolidation in the 1990s. Using data from 113 hospitals including 20 acquisitions, we compare the change in revenue per patient, operating cost per patient and operating margins for merging hospitals with nonmerging hospitals located in the same market. Results indicate that hospital acquisitions result in increased revenue per patient and increased operating margins compared to nonmerging hospitals but do not result in lower operating costs. These results imply that acquired hospitals increased prices and improved their operating performance.
Mariner IV: Analysis of Preliminary Photographs

Comparison of the distributions of Martian and lunar crater diameters indicates that the visible surface of Mars is 2.2 to 3 x 109 years old. This result implies that in the early history of Mars large-scale subaerial erosion occurred. Of 69 Martian craters with diameters greater than 10 kilometers, 13 percent have central peaks. This compares favorably with the frequency (11.7 percent) of central peaks among lunar craters and may indicate that the central peaks are a direct result of the impact mechanism rather than post-impact volcanism. A well-defined system of lineaments is shown in the Mariner photographs. The presence of these lineaments may indicate that Mars has lost appreciable angular momentum during its history.
Diffusion-limited growth of polymer chains

A new self-avoiding walk (SAW) which grows without terminating is introduced as a model of the diffusion-limited growth of linear polymers. The model is in a different universality class than the equilibrium SAW and previously considered kinetic SAW's with \ensuremath{\nu}=0.774\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006 in two dimensions and \ensuremath{\nu}=0.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 in three dimensions. The ``indefinitely growing SAW'' is shown to emerge as a particular limit of our model.
‘Ain't nothin' here in Buffalo’: Residents' perceptions about living in a racially isolated, high-poverty neighborhood

Research documents how spatial location in American metropolitan areas influences individuals' and families' life chances due to differential access to opportunity. Racial residential segregation and concentrated poverty interact to create an especially vulnerable population within American cities. Less research has been performed about the detailed perceptions of residents who live in spatially isolated neighborhoods with high levels of poverty. Using in-depth interviews in a Buffalo, New York, neighborhood, we develop a better understanding of how geographic isolation influences individuals' attitudes about and perceptions of their lives. Respondents discuss subjects ranging from transportation to employment and outline the ways in which concentrated disadvantage impacts their daily lives.
Chromosome morphology of sceloporine lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis and S. graciosus).

Les chromosomes somatiques de deux Lezards representatifs des sceloporins sont analyses.S. graciosus a 12 macrochromosomes et 18 microchromosomes, etS. occidentalis a 12 macrochromosomes et 10 microchromosomes. La morphologie des macrochromosomes de ces deux especes est la meme. La morphologie des microchromosomes offre des differences specifiques importantes. Ce fait ainsi que d'autres constatations suggerent que les changements observes dans les microchromosomes jouent probablement un role important dans l'evolution du karyotype des Lezards.