cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disordered eating behaviors and bone-mineral density in women who misuse alcohol

Because lower bone-mineral density is one potential physiological consequence of eating disorders and chronic alcohol misuse, the risk for osteoporosis may be compounded in women who have both conditions. This study investigated the frequency of eating disorders in 25 women who misuse alcohol and compared bone-mineral density between those with and without multiple disordered eating behaviors. Disordered eating behaviors were assessed through the EAT-26 (Eating Attitudes Test) and a structured interview addressing binge eating, purging, and other weight-control behaviors. Bone-mineral density was measured using dual energy x-ray densitometry. Although only one woman met the DSM-III-R criteria for a current eating disorder, 12% had past histories suggestive of anorexia nervosa and 40% had multiple disordered eating behaviors with bulimic features. Bone-mineral density of the femoral neck was 9.3% greater in women with multiple disordered eating behaviors (p < or = .05).
Study of 1024-QAM system performance in the presence of filtering imperfections

For the transmission of a standard CEPT, i.e. 2.048 Mbit/s rate digital transmission, in a 240 kHz supergroup band, a 1024-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulated) system employing raised cosine filters with an excess bandwidth of 17% is required. In the paper, the performance of a 1024-QAM system in the presence of different filter imperfections is studied by means of computer simulation. To assess the effects of different channel imperfections, such as filter distortion and/or selective fades caused by residual distortion which are not cancelled by adaptive equalisers, computer simulated results are given, presenting the degradation of the system performance to linear, parabolic, sinusoidal amplitude and group delay distortions. It is shown that sinusoidal amplitude and linear group delay cause the most significant performance degradations. For comparison purposes we also include the results of a same baud rate 512-QAM system.
The Molecular Nature of the F-actin Binding Activity of Aldolase Revealed with Site-directed Mutants

We used site-directed mutagenesis of rabbit muscle aldolase, falling ball viscometry, co-sedimentation binding assays, and negative stain electron microscopy, to identify specific residues involved in the aldolase-actin interaction. Three mutants, R42A (Arg → Ala), K107A (Lys → Ala), and R148A (Arg → Ala), had minimal actin binding activity relative to wild type (wt) aldolase, and one mutant, K229A (Lys → Ala), had intermediate actin binding activity. A mutant with ~4,000-fold reduced catalytic activity, D33S (Asp → Ser), had normal actin binding activity. The aldolase substrates and product, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, fructose 1-phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, reversed the gelling of wt aldolase and F-actin, consistent with at least partial overlap of catalytic and actin-binding sites on aldolase. Molecular modeling reveals that the actin-binding residues we have identified are clustered in or around the catalytic pocket of the molecule. These data confirm that the aldolase-actin interaction is due to specific binding, and they suggest that electrostatic interactions between specific residues, rather than net charge, mediate this interaction. Low concentration of wt and D33S aldolase caused formation of high viscosity actin gel networks, while high concentrations of wt and D33S aldolase resulted in solation of the gel by bundling actin filaments, consistent with a potential role for this enzyme in the regulation of cytoplasmic structure.
Water‐soluble polymers. 71. pH responsive behavior of terpolymers of sodium acrylate, acrylamide, and the zwitterionic monomer 4‐(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanedimethylammonio)butanoate

Terpolymers of sodium acrylate (NaA), acrylamide (AM), and the zwitterionic monomer 4-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanedimethylammonio) butanoate (AMPDAB) were prepared by the free radical polymerization in 0.5M NaBr aqueous solution using potassium persulfate as the initiator. The feed ratio of AMPDAB : NaA : AM was varied from 5 : 5 : 90 to 40 : 40 : 20 mol %, with the total monomer concentration held constant at 0.45M. Terpolymer compositions were determined by 13C NMR. Molecular weights varied from 3.0 × 105 to 9.7 × 106 g/mol. All terpolymers were soluble in deionized water and salt solutions at all pH values. The dilute and semidilute solution behavior of the terpolymers was studied as a function of composition, pH, and added electrolytes. Polyelectrolyte behavior was observed for all terpolymers at pH 8.5, as evidenced by high viscosity values at low polymer concentrations and viscosity decrease in the presence of added electrolytes. The reduced viscosity as a function of decreasing pH exhibits a minimum as the terpolymer undergoes a polyanion/polyzwitterion/polycation transition. Comparison of the solution behavior of the terpolymers to terpolymers of 3-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane dimethylammonio)-1-propane sulfonate (AMPDAPS), AM, and NaA (AADAPS series) as well as copolymers of AMPDAB and AM (AMPDAB series) have been made. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Direct estimates of CO/sub 2/ flux in Arctic environments using a spectral vegetation index

Carbon flux and spectral reflectance data were collected on the North Slope of Alaska during the 1994 growing season. Observations were made at two sites in the coastal plain and two sites in the foothills of the Brooks Mountain Range. The relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and daily gross primary production (GPP) was investigated. The daily gross primary production of tussock tundra was normalized for variations in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and was found to be linearly related to the NDVI. Seasonal changes in the vegetation and solar elevation, and variations in cloud cover conditions during radiometric observations did not have a significant effect on the relationship between GPP/PAR and the NDVI. The contrasting landscapes of the coastal plain and foothills regions (vegetation and moisture characteristics) and experimental manipulations that included changes in soil moisture conditions, illumination and temperature also did not appear to affect the relationship.
Predictors of Precision of Excision and Reconstruction in Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose: The precision of excision and reconstruction to optimize vascularized parenchymal preservation is a major determinant of renal function after partial nephrectomy. We assessed partial nephrectomy surgical precision using volumetric computerized tomography and analyzed predictive factors.Materials and Methods: We analyzed the records of 122 patients treated with partial nephrectomy in whom detailed analysis of the precision of excision and reconstruction specific to the operated kidney could be performed. We used volumetric computerized tomography to measure functional parenchymal volume before and after partial nephrectomy in the operated kidney. The glomerular filtration rate in the operated kidney was determined by the MDRD2 (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease 2) equation along with renal scan in patients with a contralateral kidney. Surgical precision was defined as actual postoperative parenchymal volume/predicted postoperative parenchymal volume, presuming loss of a 5 mm rim of normal pare...
Competence, Agreement, and Luck: Testing Whether Some People Agree More with a Cultural Truth than Do Others

The cultural consensus model (CCM) is a frequently used model of cultural diversity, which predicts how individuals from a common cultural background would share knowledge in a specific domain. Cultural competence, or the degree to which an individual agrees with a local cultural truth, is a central concept in CCM, and many uses of competence estimates rest on the assumption that they reflect real variation among individuals in their knowledge of a cultural truth. However, Weller has shown that even in situations where there are no real differences among individuals in their underlying competences, the CCM will still estimate individual competences that appear to vary, sometimes substantially. To address this issue, we describe a test of the null hypothesis that there is no real difference in competence among individuals. We also present tables with specific cutoffs for this test across a range of data set characteristics. These can help researchers decide whether a specific set of data warrants further a...
A Case Study on Choosing Normalization Methods and Test Statistics for Two-Channel Microarray Data

DNA microarray analysis is a biological technology which permits the whole genome to be monitored simultaneously on a single slide. Microarray technology not only opens an exciting research area for biologists, but also provides significant new challenges to statisticians. Two very common questions in the analysis of microarray data are, first, should we normalize arrays to remove potential systematic biases, and if so, what normalization method should we use? Second, how should we then implement tests of statistical significance? Straightforward and uniform answers to these questions remain elusive. In this paper, we use a real data example to illustrate a practical approach to addressing these questions. Our data is taken from a DNA–protein binding microarray experiment aimed at furthering our understanding of transcription regulation mechanisms, one of the most important issues in biology. For the purpose of preprocessing data, we suggest looking at descriptive plots first to decide whether we need preliminary normalization and, if so, how this should be accomplished. For subsequent comparative inference, we recommend use of an empirical Bayes method (the B statistic), since it performs much better than traditional methods, such as the sample mean (M statistic) and Student's t statistic, and it is also relatively easy to compute and explain compared to the others. The false discovery rate (FDR) is used to evaluate the different methods, and our comparative results lend support to our above suggestions.
Understanding Children's Literature and its Relationship to Fantasy Ability and Coping:

The present study examined the relationship between the ability to engage in fantasy activity and the ability to understand a fantasy message in literature. The study also examined the relationships among pretend play, fantasy, and coping abilities. Participants were 55 first-grade children. After being assessed for pretend play and fantasy abilities, the children heard a reading of Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak. Following the story, the children engaged in three tasks that assessed understanding of the story. The children's ability to cope with a situation similar to the one in the story was also assessed. While the majority of children enjoyed listening to the story, no relationship was found between pretend play/fantasy ability and the ability to understand the fantasy message in the story. As predicted, pretend play/fantasy ability was significantly positively related to coping ability. Children's understanding of the story was not related to the ability to cope with a situation similar ...
Profissionais em Gestão da Pós-Graduação: perfil, competências e atividades na percepção dos secretários dos programas de pós-graduação em Educação

The aim of present study was point out the secretary’s function in the Education’s Post-Graduate Programs, a relevant theme for research management in Brazil and poorly unterstood. The realization of the VIII Meeting of the Secretaries of Education’s Post-Graduate in the Brazilian Southern Region, allowed the realization of this research. The methodology used was questionnaire with closed questions approaching identification (gender, age, education), the necessary knowledge to secretary’s function, developed activities and working conditions. Therefore, there were open question asked about the satisfaction of Secretaries with its function and institution. The results showed the complexity of the activities of secretaries and the need for qualification of these professionals to enable the perfecting of the administrative work of Postgraduate Education Programs.
Synthesis and anticancer activities of fatty acid analogs of podophyllotoxin.

Derivatives of podophyllotoxin were prepared by coupling 10 FA with the C4-α-hydroxy function of podophyllotoxin. The coupling reactions between FA and podophyllotoxin were carried out by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine to produce quantitative yields of desired products. FA incorporated were the following: 10-hydroxydecanoic, 12-hydroxydodecanoic, 15-hydroxypentadecanoic, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic, 12-hydroxyoctadec-Z-9-enoic, eicosa-Z-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic, eicosa-Z-8,11, 14-trienoic, eicosa-Z-11,14-dienoic, eicosa-Z-11-enoic, and eicosanoic acids. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of the desired products. New molecules were investigated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines including SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3 (solid tumors), and HL-60 (human leukemia) cells. Most of the analogs were cytotoxic against cancerous cells, whereas no effect was observed against normal cells, unlike the parent compound podophyllotoxin, the use of which is limited due to its severe side effects.
Primary Institutions and Voter Behavior

During the 2008 primaries, Democratic voters split between two candidates, but support for Clinton and Obama was often a function of the type of primary institutions used by the state (i.e. primary or caucuse). These rule differences produced different electoral outcomes as Obama seemed to be favored in most caucuses, while Clinton did better in many primary states. Clearly, systematic differences in election institutions created favorable electoral environments for each of the candidates in a different way. This paper explores how institutional rules in primary elections affect the types of voters who turn out, and in turn, who those voters support
PHYLETIC DIVERGENCE DATES OF HOMINOID PRIMATES: A COMPARISON OF FOSSIL AND MOLECULAR DATA.

Recently estimates have been published for the dates of divergence of various primate lineages, including man's, based primarily on the comparative immunology of serum albumin (Sarich and Wilson, 1967a, 1967b; Sarich, 1968). These dates differ rather radically from those derived from a study of the primate fossil record, and it is the purpose of this paper to consider the paleontological and biochemical data bearing on this problem and to evaluate the respective methods. We discuss the fossil evidence in the first part of this paper, the biochemical data in the second.
A Note on Foucault's Pendulum

(1929). A Note on Foucault's Pendulum. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 161-162.
Ghosts in the Machine II: Neural Correlates of Memory Interference from the Previous Trial

Previous memoranda interfere with working memory. For example, spatial memories are biased toward locations memorized on the previous trial. We predicted, based on attractor network models of memory, that activity in the frontal eye fields (FEFs) encoding a previous target location can persist into the subsequent trial and that this ghost will then bias the readout of the current target. Contrary to this prediction, we find that FEF memory representations appear biased away from (not toward) the previous target location. The behavioral and neural data can be reconciled by a model in which receptive fields of memory neurons converge toward remembered locations, much as receptive fields converge toward attended locations. Convergence increases the resources available to encode the relevant memoranda and decreases overall error in the network, but the residual convergence from the previous trial can give rise to an attractive behavioral bias on the next trial.
The Influencing Factors of Tourist Publicity Materials Translation from Chinese into English

Starting with the definition,classification,functions as well as the language features of TPM,this paper analyzes the problems existing in TPM translation with examples.The analysis reveals that the deep-rooted cause of translation errors lies in the striking cultural differences between China and the West.Therefore,TPM translators are required to have both linguistic competence and cross-cultural awareness at the same time.
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of an Integrated Cognitive-Behavior Treatment for Chronic Pain and Substance Use Disorder in Patients with the Hepatitis C Virus.

Objective. Individuals with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have high rates of both chronic pain and substance use disorder (SUD). Despite high comorbidity, there are limited data available on effective methods of treatment for co-occurring chronic pain and SUD. In this study, we sought to develop and conduct preliminary testing of an integrated cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for chronic pain and SUD in patients with HCV. Design. Descriptive, including pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up testing. Setting and Patients. Outpatient clinic as part of one VA Medical Center. Participants. Veterans with chronic pain, SUD, and HCV. Intervention. Eight-session integrated group CBT for chronic pain and SUD in patients with HCV. Methods. Participants completed standardized measures of pain, function, depression severity, and alcohol and substance use at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Results. Generalized estimating equations identified improvements in pain interference, reducing cravings for alcohol and other substances, and decreasing past-month alcohol and substance use. The proportion of participants who met diagnostic criteria for current SUD demonstrated a four-fold decrease over the course of the study from 24% at baseline to 15% at post-treatment and 6% at 3-month follow-up. On response to a global impression of change, 94% of participants noted improvement from baseline. Conclusions. Results from this pilot study suggest that a customized CBT for patients with both chronic pain and SUD (CBT- cp.sud) may be beneficial in improving important pain and addiction-related outcomes in patients with HCV. Larger scale investigations of this intervention appear warranted.
CHAPTER 44 – Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

Apoptotic cells are an attractive source of antigen for a number of reasons. When cells die an apoptotic death, antigen within the cell is concentrated within discrete lipid membrane-bound vesicles called apoptotic bodies and blebs. In addition to being concentrated sources of antigen, vesicles derived from apoptotic cells contain signals, which help facilitate the acquisition of the apoptotic material by phagocytes. In all cases of cell death, an orderly and energy-dependent process occurs, resulting in morphological disintegration. This disintegration includes—chromatin margination, condensation, and fragmentation; cytoplasmic condensation and vacuolization; and maintenance of cell membrane integrity, often involving extensive cell surface blebbing. Additionally, the dying cell exposes novel and altered surface markers on its plasma membrane, which facilitates the recognition and rapid clearance of the dying cells by phagocytes and neighboring cells, thereby preventing adverse inflammatory reactions might occur secondary to leakage of the cellular contents.
A Comprehensive Study of MapReduce Over Lustre for Intermediate Data Placement and Shuffle Strategies on HPC Clusters

With high performance interconnects and parallel file systems, running MapReduce over modern High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters has attracted much attention due to its uniqueness of solving data analytics problems with a combination of Big Data and HPC technologies. Since the MapReduce architecture relies heavily on the availability of local storage media, the Lustre-based global storage in HPC clusters poses many new opportunities and challenges. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study on different MapReduce over Lustre deployments and propose a novel high-performance design of YARN MapReduce on HPC clusters by utilizing Lustre as the additional storage provider for intermediate data. With a deployment architecture where both local disks and Lustre are utilized for intermediate data storage, we propose a novel priority directory selection scheme through which RDMA-enhanced MapReduce can choose the best intermediate storage during runtime by on-line profiling. Our results indicate that, we can achieve 44 percent performance benefit for shuffle-intensive workloads in leadership-class HPC systems. Our priority directory selection scheme can improve the job execution time by 63 percent over default MapReduce while executing multiple concurrent jobs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such comprehensive study for YARN MapReduce with Lustre and RDMA.
Current Approach to Breast Cancer Risk Reduction for Women with Hereditary Predispositions to Breast Cancer

Risk reduction strategies for women at an increased risk for breast cancer include prophylactic mastectomy, prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy, and chemoprevention. These techniques have been well studied in certain high-risk populations such as women with significant family histories of breast cancer and women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Rapid evolution in genetic testing technology has enabled increased access and ability to analyze genes associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. These genes include but are not limited to BRCA1 and BRCA2. This technological progress has expanded the definition and number of women classified as having a genetic predisposition to breast cancer; however, literature specifically evaluating efficacy of breast cancer risk reduction strategies in this expanded population does not yet exist. In order to appreciate the effectiveness of risk-reducing strategies for women with a hereditary predisposition to breast cancer, we provide an overview of current literature and recommendations for risk-reducing mastectomy, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, and chemoprevention in the high-risk breast cancer population.
Predicting Risk Versus Predicting Potential Survival Benefit Using 123I-mIBG Imaging in Patients With Systolic Dysfunction Eligible for Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Implantation: Analysis of Data From the Prospective ADMIRE-HF Study.

Background— Cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I- m IBG) imaging improves prognostication in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Whether 123I- m IBG can identify optimal candidates for implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) placement is unclear. We examined whether 123I- m IBG enhances risk assessment and identifies patients with enhanced survival with ICD in a patient cohort with reduced LV function who were candidates for ICD implantation. Methods and Results— We identified 777 patients (66 sites, 12 countries) without ICD at the time of enrollment in Adreview Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure (ADMIRE-HF) and index 123I- m IBG study. Patients completed prescribed study protocol and follow-up. Heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio was determined from 123I- m IBG results. Survival modeling used a Cox proportional hazards mixed-effects model, including a propensity score, to adjust for nonrandomized ICD implantation after 123I- m IBG. All-cause death occurred in 75 patients (9.6%), and 196 (25%) patients had ICD implantation on follow-up. After adjusting for multiple factors, although the H/M ratio added incremental prognostic value and enhanced reclassification, neither H/M results, BNP levels, nor left ventricular ejection fraction interacted with ICD use in the survival model, indicating that these variables did not identify patients with enhanced survival with ICD implantation. Nonetheless, H/M results did identify the number of lives saved by ICD use per 100 treated. Conclusions— We found that although 123I- m IBG imaging enhances the risk stratification of patients with left ventricular dysfunction who are ICD candidates, it does not identify which patients may have improved survival with ICD placement. However, 123I- m IBG identifies the absolute benefit gained with ICD use, thus may play a role in optimizing the cost-effectiveness of this intervention. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique identifiers: [NCT00126425][1] and [NCT00126438][2]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00126425&atom=%2Fcirccvim%2F8%2F12%2Fe003110.atom [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00126438&atom=%2Fcirccvim%2F8%2F12%2Fe003110.atom
Research domain criteria and the study of trauma in children: Implications for assessment and treatment research

By definition, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires exposure to a traumatic event. Yet, the DSM diagnostic requirements for children and adolescents for PTSD may fail to capture traumatized youth with significant distress and functional impairment. Many important studies have utilized PTSD diagnosis as a mechanism for grouping individuals for comparative studies examining brain functioning, neuroendocrinology, genetics, attachment, and cognition; however, focusing only on those with the diagnosis of PTSD can miss the spectrum of symptoms and difficulties that impact children who experience trauma and subsequent impairment. Some studying child trauma have focused on examining brain and biology of those with exposure and potential impairment rather than only those with PTSD. This line of inquiry, complementary to PTSD specific studies, has aided our understanding of some of the changes in brain structure and neuroregulatory systems at different developmental periods following traumatic exposure. Application of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework proposed by NIMH to the study of child trauma exposure and subsequent impairment is an opportunity to examine domains of function and how they are impacted by trauma. Research to date has focused largely in the areas of negative valence, regulatory, and cognitive systems, however those studying complex or developmental trauma have identified an array of domains that are impacted which map onto many of the RDoC categories. This paper will review the relevant literature associated with child trauma as it relates to the RDoC domains, outline areas of needed research, and describe their implications for treatment and the advancement of the field.
An assessment of groundwater contamination in Central Valley aquifer, California using geodetector method

ABSTRACTGroundwater nitrate contamination of the aquifer in the Central Valley, California is a major problem due to intense agricultural practice over the last decades. Excessive loading of fertilizer and manure in combination with hydrogeological parameters and geochemical conditions have enhanced the downward percolation of nitrate into the aquifer. A spatial variance-based geographical detector method was used at the watershed scale in Central Valley to identify the key determinants to elevated nitrate concentration, locate the risk areas and analyse the interaction between these determinants. Statistically significant difference was observed in percent of wells with above background concentration (5mg/L) between the areas with low and high fertilizer application. Higher number of wells was also contaminated in areas with higher manure, higher permeability and higher dissolved oxygen conditions. These factors interacted with the hydrogeological parameters in exacerbating the groundwater nitrate contam...
Super-Resolution Far-Field Infrared Imaging by Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging

Infrared (IR) imaging provides chemical-specific information without the need for exogenous labels. Conventional far-field IR imaging techniques are diffraction limited, which means an effective spatial resolution of >5 μm with currently available optics. In this article, we present a novel far-field IR imaging technique based on photothermal heterodyne imaging (IR-PHI). In our version of IR-PHI, an IR pump laser excites the sample, causing a small temperature rise that is detected by a counterpropagating visible probe beam. Images and spectra of several different types of soft matter systems (polystyrene beads, thin polymer films, and single Escherichia coli bacterial cells) are presented to demonstrate the sensitivity and versatility of the technique. Importantly, the spatial resolution in the IR-PHI measurements is determined by the visible probe beam: a spatial resolution of 0.3 μm was achieved with a 0.53 μm probe wavelength and a high numerical aperture focusing objective. This is the highest spatia...
Targeting Leukemic Stem Cells

The stem cell concept and asymmetric cell division are best understood in the hematopoietic system. Hematopoietic malignancies resemble many of the known normal mature hematopoietic lineages that originate from stem cells. Leukemias in particular, were shown to arise from leukemic stem cells. General characteristics of stem cells such as self-renewal, self-protection and proliferative quiescence clearly point toward the need for targeting leukemia stem cells in order to improve cure rates and to prevent relapse of this disease. However, leukemia stem cells share many stemness factors with hematopoietic stem cells, and owing to the inherent heterogeneity of leukemias, each subtype might have distinct stem cells. The successful targeting of leukemia stem cells will therefore require the careful consideration of these issues. This chapter gives an overview over leukemia stem cells and highlights pathways and disease specific markers that provide therapeutic targets. Agents that are under development or approved for cancer treatment and could target leukemia stem cells, are also reviewed.
Integrating Transcriptomic Data with Mechanistic Systems Pharmacology Models for Virtual Drug Combination Trials

Monotherapy clinical trials with mutation-targeted kinase inhibitors, despite some success in other cancers, have yet to impact glioblastoma (GBM). Besides insufficient blood–brain barrier penetration, combinations are key to overcoming obstacles such as intratumoral heterogeneity, adaptive resistance, and the epistatic nature of tumor genomics that cause mutation-targeted therapies to fail. With now hundreds of potential drugs, exploring the combination space clinically and preclinically is daunting. We are building a simulation-based approach that integrates patient-specific data with a mechanistic computational model of pan-cancer driver pathways (receptor tyrosine kinases, RAS/RAF/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage) to prioritize drug combinations by their simulated effects on tumor cell proliferation and death. Here we illustrate a first step, tailoring the model to 14 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas defined by an mRNA-seq transcriptome, and then simulating responses ...
Why Some East Asia Countries Thrive Despite Corruption

Corruption is bad for the society as a whole since it transfers resources from economic development to the pockets of the corrupt officials, and it demoralizes the society and undermines public trust. It is a major challenge for multinational corporations doing business in corrupt countries. While most corrupt countries remain poor, East Asian economies are doing well despite corruption. This chapter explains why it is the case using the relation-based framework.
Neural mechanisms of navigation involving interactions of cortical and subcortical structures

Animals must perform spatial navigation for a range of different behaviors, including selection of trajectories toward goal locations and foraging for food sources. To serve this function, a number...
Combination of High-Calorie Delivery and Organ Failure Increases Mortality Among Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives Among critically ill patients, the benefits of nutrition support may vary depending on severity of organ dysfunction. The objective of the current article was to explore the relationship between organ failure and calories exposure with hospital mortality during the first week of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Single-center ICU. Patients Adults admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interventions Calorie delivery from enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, propofol, and dextrose containing fluids were collected for 7 days following intubation. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was calculated at ICU admit and for the same 7 days to describe organ dysfunction; four different Sequential Organ Failure Assessment variables were created 1) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment at ICU admit, 2) average Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for the first 7 days following intubation, 3) the highest Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for the first 7 days following intubation, and 4) change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment from intubation to 7 days later. Measurements and main results A total of 298 patients were included. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment at ICU admit, average Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for the first 7 days following intubation, highest Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for the first 7 days following intubation, change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment from intubation to 7 days later, and calorie delivery the first 7 days following intubation were all associated with increased likelihood of mortality. Compared with patients with low organ failure and low-calorie delivery, those with high-calorie delivery and low organ failure, low-calorie delivery and high organ failure, and the combination of both high organ failure with high-calorie delivery were associated with an incremental increase in the likelihood or mortality. Conclusions Organ failure appears to modify the relationship between calorie exposure and ICU outcome. Additional research is needed to identify appropriate thresholds for safe calorie exposure with increased organ failure.
Individualizing conflict: how ideology enables college athletes’ educational compromises

ABSTRACTThis article explores how the ideology of individualism sustains a conflictual school/sport intercollegiate system within the neoliberalism university [Giroux, Henry A. 2014. Neoliberalism’...
Beneath the arctic greening: Will soils lose or gain carbon or perhaps a little of both?

Abstract. Ecosystem shifts related to climate change are anticipated for the next decades to centuries based on a number of conceptual and experimentally derived models of plant structure and function. Belowground, the potential responses of soil systems are less well known. We used geochemical steady state models, soil density fractionation, and soil radiocarbon data to constrain changes in soil carbon based on measurements from detrital ( free light ), aggregate-bound ( occluded ) and complexed or chemically bound ( mineral associated ) carbon pools and for bulk soil. We explored a space-for-time sequence of soils along a cold-to-warm climatic gradient from Alaskan Black Spruce forest soil with permafrost (Gelisols; 50 cm Mean Annual Temperature −1.5 oC), Alaskan White Spruce forest soil lacking permafrost (Inceptisols; 50 cm MAT +3 oC ), and Iowa Grassland soil lacking permafrost (Mollisols; 50 cm MAT +9 oC) developed on similar geologic substrates (wind-blown loess deposits). These temperature ranges were also representative of temperatures at 50 cm soil depth from model output by the Community Land Model for the years 2014, 2100, and 2300 for Interior Alaska. Fitting an exponential equation to depth trends in soil C down to 2 m depths, we found that depth distributions of organic C were related mainly to depths of rooting and changes in bulk density. Using output from the geochemical steady state model, the direction and magnitude of the C loss or gain upon ecosystem shift was dictated by the C stocks of initial and final ecosystems. Radiocarbon measurements specific to each soil fraction (free light, occluded, and mineral associated) allowed us to constrain the timing of the potential loss or gain of C in each fraction driven by climatic shifts. Thawing from the Gelisol to Inceptisol in loess parent materials from present day to year 2100 resulted in small net gains to soil C, reflecting the net balance between loss of detrital and gain into occluded and mineral associated C. Greater warming and shifts from Inceptisol to Mollisol analogous to predicted warming from circa 2100 to 2300 resulted in net C losses from both occluded and mineral associated C, although small gains to the free light C fraction occurred throughout the depth profile. Gains to occluded and mineral associated C post- thaw likely reflect aggregate formation and physical protection of C as well as formation of organo-mineral compounds that accompany microbial processing. Greater warming and shifts from Inceptisol to Mollisol, which are analogous to predicted warming circa 2100 to 2300, resulted in net C losses from both occluded and mineral associated C resulting from enhanced decomposition, small gains to the free light C fraction occurred throughout the transition to Mollisol reflecting deeper rooting of the tallgrass prairie system.
Kinematic Accuracy in Tracking Total Wrist Arthroplasty With Biplane Videoradiography Using a Computed Tomography-Generated Model

Total Wrist Arthroplasty (TWA) for improving the functionality of severe wrist joint pathology has not had the same success, in parameters such as motion restoration and implant survival, as hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty. These other arthroplasties have been studied extensively, including the use of biplane videoradiography (BVR) that has allowed investigators to study the in-vivo motion of the total joint replacement during dynamic activities. The wrist has not been a previous focus, and utilization of BVR for wrist arthroplasty presents unique challenges due to the design characteristics of TWAs. Accordingly, the aims of this study were 1) to develop a methodology for generating TWA component models for use in BVR, and 2) to evaluate the accuracy of model-image registration in a single cadaveric model. A model of the carpal component was constructed from a CT scan, and a model of the radial component was generated from a surface scanner. BVR was acquired for three anatomical tasks from a cadaver specimen. Optical motion capture was used as the gold standard. BVR's bias in flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, and pronosupination was less than 0.3°, 0.5°, and 0.6°. Translation bias was less than 0.2 mm with a standard deviation of less than 0.4 mm. This BVR technique achieved a kinematic accuracy comparable to previous studies on other total joint replacements. BVR's application to the study of TWA function in patients could advance the understanding of TWA and thus the implant's success.
Existence, Distribution, and Characteristics of STD Clinics in the United States, 2017:

Objectives:Studies of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics have been limited by the lack of a national list for representative sampling. We sought to establish the number, type, and distribut...
Data, Data Everywhere: Bringing All the Data Together for Continuous School Improvement

The latest book from best-selling author Victoria L. Bernhardt is an easy-to-read primer that describes what it takes to achieve student learning growth at every grade level, in every subject area, and with every student group. In this new edition, readers will learn how to use data to inform their continuous school improvement as they develop an appreciation of the various types of data, uses for data, and how data are involved in the process. This accessible, updated edition provides a wealth of straightforward and accessible strategies that will allow educators to become comfortable with the many uses of data in increasing student improvement. Data, Data Everywhere, 2nd edition, provides a framework and summary of the continuous school improvement framework. It is a perfect resource for teachers, administrators, support staff, and students of leadership to guide comprehensive school improvement that will make a difference for all students.
General Motors in Spain, 1925–2017

In this chapter, begins with a review of GM’s small pre-World War II Barcelona plant, which was captured during the Spanish Civil War in 1936 by anti-fascist forces. The remainder of the chapter examines GM’s Opel Zaragoza, which opened 46 years later. The final section discusses the American automaker’s exit from Spain and Europe via its sale of Opel/Vauxhall to PSA in 2017.
Smartphone for monitoring basic vital signs: miniaturized, near-field communication based devices for chronic recording of health

Abstract Imperceptible chronic recording of health status is vital to realize precision digital medicine to improve current diagnostic and treatment capabilities. Current sensing hardware is lacking such capabilities presenting a bottleneck for progress. In this chapter, we introduce wireless battery-free and highly miniaturized device platforms that enable chronic recording of vital signs, hemodynamics, and biomarkers that seamlessly integrate with current infrastructure such as smart phones. Operating principles, device technology, and sensing capabilities are examined with examples of commercialization demonstrating the impact of such devices.
Impact of Mental Health Treatment on Suicide Attempts

This paper analyzes the impact of mental health treatment on suicide attempts. While prior work demonstrates the effectiveness of mental health treatment at reducing suicide risk, few studies examine nationally representative populations or use broad measures of access to mental health services. A methodological problem can arise in studies of mental health treatment and suicidal behavior because a suicide attempt can result in the use of more mental health services. Using nationally representative survey data combined with national estimates of provider availability, this paper employs a methodological correction to address that potential problem of reverse causation. This paper uses measures of the density of health care providers in an area as statistical instruments for use of mental health treatment in an analysis of the impact of mental health treatment on suicide attempts. This study finds that mental health treatment significantly reduces suicide attempts.
Comparison of adverse events between cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a 10-year follow-up

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been advocated as an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with the added potential to reduce the risk of adjacent level disc degeneration and segmental instability. However, the long-term adverse events of arthroplasty have yet to be fully reported. PURPOSE To investigate the 10-year follow-up adverse events rates between CDA and ACDF. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING The study was a randomized, prospective, multicenter Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) trial and its continued follow-up as a postapproval study (PAS). Single level surgeries were performed for cervical disc pathologies between May 2002 and October 2004. PATIENT SAMPLE n=463 patients. OUTCOME MEASURES Adverse events comparison of CDA and ACDF from self-reported and physiologic measures. METHODS At each evaluation time point, subjects were queried for adverse events since their last visit; and all adverse events were documented, regardless of whether or not they appeared related to the surgery or device. Adverse events were recorded, categorized, and assessed for severity and relationship to the study device and/or surgical procedure. The 10-year cumulative rates for each type of adverse events were summarized using a life-table method for the time-to-event analysis. A log-rank test was used to compare the two treatment groups. RESULTS A total of 242 patients received CDA and 221 patients received ACDF. At 10-year follow-up, 54% (130/242) of CDA patients and 47% (104/221) of the ACDF subjects were evaluated. At up to 10-year follow-up, 231 patients in the CDA group (cumulative rate 98.4%) and 199 patients in the ACDF group (cumulative rate 98.7%) had at least one adverse event. Overall, the difference in the cumulative rate of all adverse events over 10 years was not statistically different (p=0.166). The cumulative rates of the following adverse events were not different between the two groups for cancer, cardiovascular, death, dysphonia/dysphagia, gastrointestinal, infection, urogenital, respiratory, implant displacement/loosening, implant malposition, neck and arm pain, neurological, other pain, spinal events, and intraoperative vascular injury. However, there were more adverse events in the CDA group resulting from trauma (p=.012) and more spinal events at the index level (p=.006). The ACDF group had significantly more nonunion events (p=.019), and nonunion outcome pending (p=.034), adjacent level spinal events (p=.033), and events that fell into the “other” category (p=.015). CONCLUSIONS The cumulative rates of patients who had any adverse events were not different between the artificial cervical disc and the anterior cervical arthrodesis groups. In addition, the cumulative rates were not different between the two groups for the majority of categories as well.
Characteristics of low-tier female sex workers who engage in commercial sex with old male clients in Zhejiang province, China: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives To characterise low-tier female sex workers (FSWs) who engage in commercial sex with old male clients (OMCs). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Twenty-one counties in Zhejiang province, China. Participants A total of 2647 low-tier FSWs who participated in our survey from September to November 2013, and responded to the question regarding whether they engaged in commercial sex with OMCs during the previous month. Main outcome measures Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviours, risk perception of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI), ever exposure to an HIV prevention service and degree of self-efficacy regarding condom use were collected via a face-to-face questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. Results Of the 2647 participants, 1165 (44.0%) had engaged in commercial sex with OMCs in the previous month. Low-tier FSWs working out of roadside shops, those who had engaged in sex work for longer, those with a larger number of clients, those who had engaged in anal or oral sex during the previous month, those currently using contraception measures, those who had STI symptoms and those who had been exposed to HIV prevention services during the previous 6 months were more likely to engage in commercial sex with OMCs. FSWs with a high level of education; those working out of small venues other than streets, hair salons and roadside shops; those who charged more for commercial sex; those who had sex with young clients during the previous month and those who had seen a doctor during the previous 6 months were less likely to engage in commercial sex with OMCs. Conclusions Low-tier FSWs who engaged in commercial sex with OMCs reported more risky behaviours than those who did not engage in this behaviour. Attention should be paid to these behaviours in future interventions targeting low-tier FSWs.
From the Negro News Page to the Sports Page: Mary Garber's Influence on the Newspapers of Winston-Salem, N.C.

Abstract Mary Garber began covering sports in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in 1944. Garber's work as one of the first female sports journalists in the nation has been well documented. Another important part of Garber's legacy, however, has been largely ignored by journalism historians. Garber was the first white reporter in North Carolina to cover black high school and college sports in a meaningful way. Garber's work brought the news about black athletes from the segregation of the Negro News page to the equality of the Sports Section. It also changed the way stories about black athletes were written. This study takes an in-depth look at who Garber was, why she did what she did, and how she overcame several obstacles to desegregate the sports pages. It also examines newspaper coverage to gauge how her work impacted her newspaper, as well as others in North Carolina. The data show that her influence was vast and is still being felt.