cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobility one year after unilateral lower limb amputation: a modern, UK institutional report

The aim of this current retrospective study was to assess postoperative mobility one year after above knee (AKA) or below knee amputation (BKA) in a district general hospital. Data on patient demographics, diabetic status, risks for peripheral vascular disease, mortality and mobility at one year were recorded from the vascular database. Seventy-five patients underwent lower limb amputation over a 70-month period (AKA n=31, BKA n=44). Operative mortality was 10% and mortality at one year 13.7%. Fourteen out of the 31 patients (45.1%) who underwent AKA were mobile independently or with a walking stick compared to 54.5% (24/44) in the BKA group (P=0.44). Fifteen patients (48.3%) were diabetic in the AKA group compared to 26 patients (59.1%) in the BKA group (P=0.49). In the under 60 years group and over 60 years group there was no significant difference in type of amputation (P=0.64) or mobility (P=0.69). In this current series, there was no significant rehabilitation benefits in patients undergoing BKA compared to AKA. With an ageing population who inherently have increasing significant medical problems, the perceived benefit in preserving the knee joint may not be as significant as previously reported.
Straight on through to Universal Grammar: Spatial modifiers in second language acquisition

There has been considerable progress in second language (L2) research at the syntax—semantics interface addressing how syntax can inform phrasal semantics, in terms of interpretive correlates of wo...
Whose adequacy? (Re)imagining food security with displaced women in Medellín, Colombia

Food security scholarship and policy tends to embrace the nutrition status of individual men, women and children as the end-goal of food security efforts. While there has been much value in investigating and trying to ensure sufficient nutrition for struggling households around the world, this overriding emphasis on nutrition status has reduced our understandings of what constitutes food adequacy. While token attention has been paid to more qualitative ideas like “cultural appropriateness,” food security scholars and policy makers have been unable to understand the broader value of food, which exceeds its caloric and nutrient counts. Drawing on empirical work from Medellin, Colombia, the paper argues that having adequate food means much more than simply sufficient nutrient intake, perhaps especially among marginalized groups. Exploring the case of food insecure women from Colombia who were forcibly displaced from rural to urban, we demonstrate how understandings of food adequacy must consider the social and environmental imaginaries of marginalized groups.
Functions on metric spaces

We developed many of the basic properties of metric spaces in Chapter 6. A complete metric space was defined in Chapter 13 and we saw the importance of such spaces in the proof of the fundamental fixed point theorem (Theorem 13.2). This theorem, which has many applications, was used to prove the existence of solutions of differential equations and the Implicit function theorem. We now discuss in more detail functions whose domain is a metric space, and we prove convergence and approximation theorems which are useful throughout analysis.
Development and Accuracy of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Detection and Quantification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Heat Labile and Heat Stable Toxin Genes in Travelers' Diarrhea Samples

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), the leading bacterial pathogen of travelers' diarrhea, is routinely detected by an established DNA hybridization protocol that is neither sensitive nor quantitative. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays that detect the ETEC toxin genes eltA, sta1, and sta2 in clinical stool samples were developed and tested using donor stool inoculated with known quantities of ETEC bacteria. The sensitivity of the qPCR assays is 89%, compared with 22% for the DNA hybridization assay, and the limits of detection are 10,000-fold lower than the DNA hybridization assays performed in parallel. Ninety-three clinical stool samples, previously characterized by DNA hybridization, were tested using the new ETEC qPCR assays. Discordant toxin profiles were observed for 22 samples, notably, four samples originally typed as ETEC negative were ETEC positive. The qPCR assays are unique in their sensitivity and ability to quantify the three toxin genes in clinical stool samples.
Meteorites and the Early Solar System

Chondrite classification, primordial matter composition and early solar system chemical processes, discussing cosmic gas condensation and refractory element fractionation
The Limitations of the Discourse of Norms Gay Visibility and Degrees of Transgression

This article examines discourses of gay visibility in the online gay community of StraightActing.com. In this discourse the “flamer” and other “gay-acting” gender performers are frequently criticized for fear of their power to teach gay and straight people that one particular type of gay person is the norm. The author argues that this conceptualization of the term norm attributes gay visibility the power to construct a singular gay identity as preferred and positions gay men to fight among themselves for dominance over that one identity. It is essential we conceptualize the power of the visibility as able to produce multiple conventions of gay identity. The battle over control of a “gay norm” demonizes those who perform different degrees of transgression and impedes progress toward queer liberation.
Effect of dairy manure slurry application in a no-till system on phosphorus runoff

Incorporation of manure slurry under reduced tillage conditions remains a challenge in the northeastern US. New technologies to directly incorporate slurry are available but their agronomic and environmental benefits have generally not been quantified. This study evaluated the effects of five manure slurry application methods on phosphorus (P) loss in runoff (broadcasting with and without incorporation by tillage, shallow disk injection, banded application and aeration, and pressurized injection) and a control (no manure). Research was conducted over a 2 year period in central Pennsylvania on a well-drained Hagerstown silt loam (fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludalf) under corn (Zea mays L.) production. Approximately 72 h after dairy (Bos Taurus) slurry application (56,000 l ha−1) to 10 × 13 m plots, a single rainfall simulation (68 mm h−1) was conducted in triplicate on 10 × 2 m areas within the plots. Trends in total P losses in runoff (kg ha−1) from plots varied between years and treatments. Aeration yielded lower losses than all other treatments in 2006 and was amongst the lowest in 2007 with losses statistically similar to shallow disk and pressure injection. Remarkably, few differences were apparent in losses of dissolved reactive P between treatments, reflecting high variability in runoff depths. Indeed, variability in runoff depths resulted in some unexpected trends, including high loads from the unamended control and modest loads from the tillage treatment. Results highlight tradeoffs in alternative manure slurry application practices but point to the potential to significantly lower runoff P losses from reduced tillage systems receiving manure slurry.
Laser liftoff of gallium arsenide thin films

The high cost of single-crystal III–V substrates limits the use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and related sphalerite III–V materials in many applications, especially photovoltaics. However, by making devices from epitaxially grown III–V layers that are separated from a growth substrate, one can recycle the growth substrate to reduce costs. Here, we show damage-free removal of an epitaxial single-crystal GaAs film from its GaAs growth substrate using a laser that is absorbed by a smaller band gap, pseudomorphic indium gallium arsenide nitride layer grown between the substrate and the GaAs film. The liftoff process transfers the GaAs film to a flexible polymer substrate, and the transferred GaAs layer is indistinguishable in structural quality from its growth substrate.
Conditional and constrained joint optimization of RADAR waveforms

In this paper we describe a methodology of jointly designing waveforms for a semi-cooperative, distributed radar system. Some radars have waveforms which are fixed and cannot adapt. The remainder of the group must optimize their emanations conditioned on the existence of the non-cooperative radars. We term this 'conditional joint optimization.' A special case is termed constrained joint optimization examines the problem when the RADAR configuration is completely cooperative. Only classic constraints such as phase-only, finite energy, etc. are considered. The overall metric that is used in the optimization is signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). We will show the results of a number of empirical experiments based on canonical spectra and knowledge aided sensor signal processing for expert reasoning (KASSPER) simulated data that show that a joint conditional design will outperform a non-cooperative, individually optimized RADAR network.
Angiotensin II stimulates basolateral K channels in rat cortical collecting ducts

We used the patch-clamp technique to study the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) on basolateral K channels in cortical collecting ducts (CCDs). Application of ANG II (100 pM–100 nM) increased the ...
Is Alternative Dispute Resolution Consistent With the Rule of Law

In the United States, critics often argue that the informal, private nature of ADR is hostile to the rule of law -- and ultimately to justice itself. Yet, over the last ten years, a broad, international array of groups has advocated including ADR in projects designed to foster the rule of law in other countries. This Article explores this paradox. Have we erred in condemning ADR domestically or in promoting it internationally? Or, does the desirability of ADR depend upon the nature of the system to which it is being compared, in that ADR is desirable to supplement second-class but not first class litigation regimes? This Article concludes that neither of these approaches offers the optimal way to resolve the paradox. Instead, it urges that those who advocate the use of ADR as part of international rule of law projects have instinctively and intuitively recognized that ADR can potentially be supportive of justice in ways that litigation can not. By operating less formally than litigation ADR can for example offer conciliatory and restorative benefits. This Article offers four key insights. First, attempting to build dispute resolution systems that are either exclusively formal or exclusively informal can be problematic. Second, the question of whether ADR and the rule of law are consistent is semantic. Third, we ought to consider whether rule of law should be favored as an end in itself or rather as a means to a greater end of justice. Fourth, examining the links between ADR, the rule of law, and justice requires us to rethink the meaning of each of those terms, and to consider whether living together harmoniously ought to be part of a vision of justice.
An Exact Probability Density Function for Intensity-Based Output Noise Propagating Through a Fiber Optic Sensor Demodulation Process

Fiber optic interferometry is a common architecture in many optical sensing strategies and typically requires a demodulation scheme for phase (signal) extraction. For sensing applications, signal-to-noise and other statistical metrics are of great importance in characterizing system performance. In the context of a specific demodulation algorithm employing three-channel inputs, we analytically compute a probability density function of the demodulator output noise, given an arbitrary distribution of input intensity noise and arbitrary noise correlation among the three channels. We compare the analytical formulations with previously validated simulation data from a fiber Bragg grating sensor system, and we find excellent agreement within the specific example of Gaussian input noise.
Evidence of mast cell involvement in a clinical syndrome mimicking toxic shock syndrome

completely responsible in this case. The corporation had the bedroom carpet removed and paid for the family to install tile in the bedroom. The corporation kept in touch with the family regularly, and promptly sent the results of the study that attempted to explain the nature of the reaction that the family had experienced. This incident is being published to alert practicing J. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMUNOL. FEBRUARY 1992
A 4-tap 125-MHz mixed-signal echo canceller for Gigabit Ethernet on copper wire

A discrete-time analog echo canceller is described that reduces the echo in the front end of Gigabit Ethernet twisted-pair interfaces. Echo cancellation in the analog domain by means of four taps reduces the complexity of the digital echo canceller and crosstalk cancellers by 50 taps. Designed in a 0.4 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the circuit employs an LMS algorithm to adapt to the cable length and impedance discontinuities, providing an echo suppression of 10 dB. The design operates at 125 MHz while consuming 43 mW from a 3 V supply.
Studies of a simplified plasma insulin immunoassaay using cellulose powder.

A modified plasma radioimmunoassay has been developed that uses a cellulose slurry to separate bound from free insulin. This material, which is commercially available, shelf stable, and simple to prepare, makes it possible to run the entire method in test tubes and to use a low specific activity insulin. Details concerning conditions and materials that determined sensitivity, accuracy, and precision are reported. The method is sensitive to about 10 μU/ml. of plasma and has a reproducibility of approximately ± 15 per cent. This method is proposed for use by those who desire to measure rises in plasma insulin by a simple, rapid and reasonably accurate technic.
Natural History of Terrapene carolina (Box Turtles) in an Urbanized Landscape

Urbanization and other anthropogenic factors are often implicated in turtle population declines, yet limited research on the natural history of turtles in urban areas has been conducted. To assess the effects of urbanization and to help develop proper conservation strategies for Terrapene c. carolina (Eastern Box Turtles), we conducted a mark-recapture study in the vicinity of Davidson, NC, from 1999 to 2004. We made 354 turtle captures, 42 of which were recapture events. We evaluated meristic characters, body condition, activity patterns, population structure, and growth rates, and then examined relationships among these variables and the amount of anthropogenically-modified habitat within 100 m of each turtle's collec- tion location. Males and females had different patterns of seasonal activity and body condition indices. Growth rates decreased with turtle age and varied between devel- oped and forested habitats. More turtles over the age of 20 were found in areas with extensive forest cover than in areas that were developed. Although box turtles may persist in urbanized landscapes and may grow more quickly there, they suffer higher mortality in these habitats compared to forested landscapes.
Serological Investigation of Heartland Virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) Exposure in Wild and Domestic Animals Adjacent to Human Case Sites in Missouri 2012-2013

Heartland virus (HRTV; Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus) has recently emerged as a causative agent of human disease characterized by thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in the United States. The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum L.) has been implicated as a vector. To identify candidate vertebrate amplification hosts associated with enzootic maintenance of the virus, sera and ticks were sampled from 160 mammals (8 species) and 139 birds (26 species) captured near 2 human case residences in Andrew and Nodaway Counties in northwest Missouri. HRTV-specific neutralizing antibodies were identified in northern raccoons (42.6%), horses (17.4%), white-tailed deer (14.3%), dogs (7.7%), and Virginia opossums (3.8%), but not in birds. Virus isolation attempts from sera and ticks failed to detect HRTV. The high antibody prevalence coupled with local abundance of white-tailed deer and raccoons identifies these species as candidate amplification hosts.
Forgotten Men of Money: Private Bankers in Early U.S. History

Historical accounts of banking developments in the pre-1860 period of U.S. history focus almost exclusively on banking institutions chartered by state and federal governments. Private, unincorporated banks, although known to have existed, are generally ignored as either unimportant numerically or not truly commercial banks in terms of their functions. This paper draws on a variety of literary and quantitative evidence to infer that such views are perhaps in error. Some potential implications of the findings for antebellum banking and monetary history are essayed.
Mitochondria specific transgenic overexpression of connexin-43 simulates preconditioning induced cytoprotection of stem cells

Aims We previously reported that preconditioning of stem cells with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) translocated connexin-43 (Cx-43) into mitochondria, causing cytoprotection. We posit that these preconditioning effects could be simulated by mitochondria-specific overexpression of Cx-43. Methods and results During IGF-1-induced preconditioning of C57black/6 mouse bone marrow stem cell antigen-1+ (Sca-1+) cells, Cx-43 was mainly translocated onto the mitochondrial inner membrane, which was abrogated by an extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) blocker PD98059. To investigate the role of mitochondrial Cx-43, we successfully designed a vector coding for full-length mouse Cx-43 with a mitochondria-targeting sequence (mito-Cx-43) and cloned into a shuttle vector (pShuttle-IRES-hrGFP-1) for mitochondria-specific overexpression of Cx-43 (mito-Cx-43). Sca-1+ cells with mito-Cx-43 reduced cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c , lowered caspase-3 activity, and improved survival during index oxygen–glucose deprivation as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Computational analysis revealed a B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) homology domain-3 (BH3) motif in Cx-43 with a conserved pattern of amino acids consistent with the Bcl-2 family that regulated cytochrome c release. Moreover, computational secondary structure prediction indicated an extended α-helix in this region, a known condition for BH3-driven protein–protein interactions. Conclusion Cx-43 translocation into mitochondria during preconditioning was ERK1/2-dependent. Expression of mito-Cx-43 simulated the cytoprotective effects of preconditioning in stem cells. Structural features of Cx-43 were shared with the Bcl-2 family as determined by computational analysis.
Eight-Month-Old Infants Infer Unfulfilled Goals, Despite Ambiguous Physical Evidence

In this study, we tested whether 8-month-old infants could infer an actor's unfulfilled goal, despite some physical information present in the displays being inconsistent with the attempted goal. Infants saw a human hand holding a ring repeatedly approach the top of a plastic cone in an apparent failed attempt to place the ring on the cone. The hand and ring then bounced away from the top of the cone toward the floor. Thus, some information presented was relevant to the goal (the motion toward the goal, the afforded relationship between the ring and the cone, and the repeated attempt), but some of it was irrelevant to the goal (the movement away from the goal). Infants were presented with 2 test events: 1 that was consistent with all the trajectory information but inconsistent with the goal, and 1 that was consistent with the goal. Eight-month-olds looked longer to the trajectory-consistent event, suggesting they were able to infer the goal despite the physical ambiguity. Infants who had not been habituated to the failed attempt or who saw a matched inanimate control did not show this pattern, suggesting that infants in the first year of life actively and selectively analyze the unfulfilled goal-directed behavior of others.
When Is a Double Better Than a TRIPLE?: Stenting in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Patients with atrial fibrillation needing stents pose one of the greatest challenges in cardiovascular medicine [(1)][1]. The atrial fibrillation generally warrants anticoagulation, and dual antiplatelet therapy is the established standard of care for patients with stents [(2–4)][2]. The
Proceedings of the 19th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics

Welcome to SCCG 2003! These are the proceedings of the 19th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics held in Budmerice Castle, Slovakia on April 24-27, 2003. As we move into our new millennium, we find that the areas represented by the field of computer graphics now have permeated almost all facets of human endeavors. In the fields of science, engineering, medicine, and entertainment, the impacts of the computer graphics field is influencing the very quality of our lives. The field of computer graphics has grown over the past 19 years, and so has the scope of this conference. This year the conference provides a stimulating program of papers and invited talks on topics that range from virtual reality to rendering.Historically, this SCCG has been the most important conference series in Central Europe. This year, the conference attracted a record number of papers, of which 30 peer-reviewed papers and five invited papers were selected to be presented and appear in these proceedings. The accepted papers covered a wide range of areas in the computer graphics field:• Modeling,• Visualization,• Rendering,• Animation,• Virtual Reality,• Image Processing,• Computational Geometry, and• Multiresolution Methods.Invited papers were given by Professor Hans Hagen, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, Professor Leif Kobbelt, University of Aachen, Germany, Professor Franz W. Leberl, University of Technology, Graz, Austria, and Professor Alan Chalmers, Bristol University, UK. This compilation of high-quality research would not have been possible without the hard work and diligence of the authors and speakers, as well as the international program committee who performed the reviews.The general sponsor is HP Invent Slovakia who covers the post-conference publishing of this book by ACM SIGGRAPH. International sponsor for both CESCG 2003 student seminar and our conference is Visegrad Fund and the administrator is Prof. Laszlo Szirmay-Kalos from Budapest. Sponsoring of teachers is kindly provided by DDik, Peter Borovský, Vlado Trgo, Peter Gejgus, Michal Sudolský, Jaro Placek, Jozef Martinka, Silvester Czanner, Jan Ciger and many others. They did, traditionally, an excellent job.
Velocity Spectral Estimates from the Arrays of the ROSE Program

The ROSE (Rivera Ocean Seismic Experiment) was a large seismic/ acoustic program conducted near the Clipperton Fracture Zone in Jan/Feb 1979 off the western coast of Mexico. Ten oceanographic institutions and Navy laboratories, deployed over seventy ocean bottom seismometers/hydrophones, two vertical hydrophone arrays and a 24 channel towed hydrophone array over approximately 120 nm × 120 nm area near the East Pacific Rise. Explosive sources ranging in weight from.1kg to 1000 kg generated signals that propagated through the water and seabed and were recorded by these instruments. Seismically the experiment focused upon determining the characteristics of the crust near an active plate boundary. Acoustically it concerned analyzing low frequency propagation within a thinly sedimented seabed.
The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology, by Malcolm S. Longair. Scope: monograph, reference, review. Level: postgraduate, advanced undergraduate, early career researcher, researcher, teacher

The twentieth century saw many revolutions in astronomy and cosmology and it is hard to think of anyone better able to introduce and explain them all than Professor Malcolm Longair, prodigious auth...
An Interview with Jaime Jaramillo Uribe

HE following disquisition by Jaime Jaramillo Uribe really needs no introduction. Nothing can be said here that he has not already said more eloquently. This introduction serves only to underline some points that in any case will be obvious. Before the years in which Jaramillo became active, Colombian history was largely the property of upper-class amateurs and of traditional elements of the middle class oriented to survival by government patronage. They used this property in two ways. One tendency, generally conservative socially and politically, was, and still is, centered in the Academia Colombiana de Historia and in similar institutions in the provinces. The historians of the Academia have tended to concentrate their efforts on such topics as the events (and the dates) of the conquest and the foundation of cities, the political and cultural superstructure of the colonial period, and the lives of heroes of independence and postindependence political leaders. Merely philiapietistic at its worst, at its best this group has produced solid, often archivally based, works of biography, institutional history, and political history. The other dominant pattern has been that practiced by amateurs in a less serious vein, who, rarely resorting to archival research, have written history as political polemic, using historical materials for the purpose of partisan symbolic manipulation. The two groups have had in common an obliviousness to modes of research obtaining among academic historians in Western Europe or the United States. Jaime Jaramillo Uribe represented a new development. He differed from his predecessors not so much perhaps because of his middle-class origins as because of his clear orientation to the university and to modern academic ways of conceiving historical research and writing. In part because of the influence of the German scholars who taught him at the Escuela Normal Superior in Bogota as well as of later experiences in Europe, Jaramillo felt compelled to work within Western European scholarly categories and standards. Armed with his very substantial European in-
Preparation of Incongruous Economic Datasets for Regression Analysis

Datasets in construction engineering and management are not always as clean and consistent as one would desire. They may not match in format or content between companies that are studied and within them they may require substantial preparation. This makes the examination of theories and the extrapolation of trends from historic data more difficult than it is for carefully controlled experimental studies or collection of new data. The purpose of this paper is not to review the regression models that the writers developed during their research, but to focus on the data preparation that had to be applied prior to those analyses. It outlines general techniques that can be applied to field data from construction companies or data repositories to give researchers various best practices that will help gleaning further truths from already existing data.
FORMATION CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS: COMPUTATION VERSUS COOPERATION

Control of distributed systems with multiple communication sources in leader follower framework is investigated. When the leader information to the follower is communicated, cooperative systems in a formation convert itself into a standard tracking or a set point regulation problem. 1 In addition, suppose that the followers begin to develop a communication. It is shown that the dynamics of the follower receiving information from leader as well as its other associates following the leader could become inconsistent. A procedure to derive the inconsistent dynamic models is presented. A cooperative control algorithm based on these models is developed. A specific communication pattern in decentralized architecture is analyzed. Two issues, formation complexities due to inconsistent dynamics and computational issues due to multiple communication sources are explained. Examples to illustrate cooperative systems using single and multiple communication sources are provided.
Why communication education is important: a third study on the centrality of the discipline’s content and pedagogy

ABSTRACTThe results of this study argue that communication, and specifically oral communication education, is critical to students’ future personal and professional success. Similar to two earlier studies, thematic analysis of 679 documents in academic and popular press publications, published from 2008 to 2015, provide support for the centrality of the communication discipline’s content and pedagogy. These results reinforce the importance of communication to enhancing organizational processes and organizational life; promoting health communication; enriching the educational enterprise; understanding crisis, safety, risk, and security; improving interpersonal communication and relationships; influencing diplomacy and government relations; being a responsible participant in the world, socially and culturally; developing as a whole person; and succeeding as an individual in one’s career and in business. The kinds of communication addressed as important in each of these nine general themes are outlined, and ...
Ethnographic and historical evidence for glass pendant function in the Plains

The Arikara (Sahnish) were unsurpassed in the manufacture of glass pendants, beads, and effigies made by crushing and re-fusing glass trade beads in the Historic period (Billeck 2013). While native...
107. Ten-Year Durability Effects of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy in Early Course Schizophrenia.

Abstract Background: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the long-term trajectories of cognitive, functional, and clinical outcomes following Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET) in early course schizophrenia. Methods: Schizophrenia outpatients from a 2-year randomized clinical trial of CET applied in the early course of the illness (Eack et al., 2009) are completing a 10-year post-treatment follow-up study. Currently, a total of 25 participants (CET: n = 14; EST: n = 11) from the original trial have completed a comprehensive battery of cognitive, functional, and clinical assessments identical to those in the original trial. Composite indexes were calculated for processing speed, neurocognition, social cognition, functioning, and symptomatology. Linear growth curve models were used to examine longitudinal durability differences in these five domains 10-years following treatment with either CET or an Enriched Supportive Therapy (EST) comparison treatment. Results: Social-cognitive ability favoring CET was stable across the 10-year follow-up period, with continued evidence of group separation (F = 2.76, P = .049) and no evidence of erosion of efficacy (t = 1.53, P = .130). Some reduction in functioning was observed in both groups after completing treatment (all P < .001), but after 10 years patients in CET retained a higher level of functioning over the follow-up period (F = 3.32, P = .025). To our surprise, both groups displayed a steady improvement in neurocognition over the 10-year period (all P < .001). As reported in the original trial, no impact on processing speed was observed among these previously early course patients who exhibited high levels of baseline speed of processing (F = .52, P = .673). Finally, group separation favoring CET in symptomatology continued to persist relative to EST over the course of 10-year follow-up (F = 4.25, P = .009). Conclusion: Although these data are considered preliminary, the results suggest that CET is an effective treatment that contributes to long-term and stable improvements in cognition and functional outcome in people with schizophrenia treated in the early course of the illness.Eack, S. M., Greenwald, D. P., Hogarty, S. S., Cooley, S. J., DiBarry, A. L., Montrose, D. M., & Keshavan, M. S. (2009). Cognitive enhancement therapy for early-course schizophrenia: effects of a two-year randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric Services, 60(11), 1468–1476.
Improving Thermal Performance of Radioactive Material Drum Type Packages by Using Heat Pipes

This paper presents a feasibility study to improve thermal loading of existing radioactive material packages by using heat pipes. The concept could be used to channel heat in certain directions and dissipate to the environment. The concept is applied to a drum type package because the drum type packages are stored and transported in an upright position. This orientation is suitable for heat pipe operation that could facilitate the heat pipe implementation in the existing well proven package designs or in new designs where thermal loading is high. In this position, heat pipes utilize gravity very effectively to enhance heat flow in the upward direction Heat pipes have extremely high effective thermal conductivity that is several magnitudes higher than the most heat conducting metals. In addition, heat pipes are highly unidirectional so that the effective conductivity for heat transfer in the reverse direction is greatly reduced. The concept is applied to the 9977 package that is currently going through the DOE certification review. The paper presents computer simulations using typical of-the-shelf heat pipe available configurations and performance data for the 9977 package. A path forward is outlined for implementing the concepts for further study and prototype testing.Copyright © 2007 by Washington Savannah River Company LLC
Abstract 131: Effect of Fetal Alcohol Exposure on Stroke Severity and Blood Flow in Adult Mice

Background and Purpose: Metabolic and cardiovascular disease in later life may have developmental origins. The present study specifically tested the hypothesis that fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) wil...
Purgatory Puzzles: Moral Perfection and the Parousia

My argument proceeds in two stages. In §I, I sum up the intuitions of a popular argument for 'satisfaction accounts' of Purgatory that I label, TAP. I then offer an argument, taken from a few standard orthodox Christian beliefs and (at least) one axiom of Christian theology, to so show that TAP is unsound. In the same section, I entertain some plausible responses to my argument that are prima facie consistent with these beliefs and axiom. I find these responses wanting. In §II, I offer a sorites problem for TAP, given the orthodox Christian understanding of Christ’s parousia , showing that TAP and the intuitions driving it are faulty. To attempt something of a corrective, I end by offering some modest theological suggestions for thinking through “the logic of total transformation.”
Microscale systems based on ultrasonic MEMS — CMOS integration

Integration of electronics with micromachined ultrasound transducers is a key promise of capacitive and piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer technologies. Recent advances leading to successful monolithic ultrasonic MEMS-CMOS integration is reviewed with a brief historical perspective. The significance of these integrated systems in terms of required performance and system complexity is emphasized using a medical ultrasound imaging application as an example. A low voltage CMUT-on-CMOS based single chip intravascular imaging system, which achieves these goals is described and initial imaging experiments are presented. A brief critical review of the current state of CMUT and PMUT technologies is presented with future research directions.
High-efficiency, low-aspect-ratio planar lens based on Huygens resonators

Most designs of dielectric planar lenses mainly rely on the waveguide effect of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures. We demonstrate the design of high-efficiency, high-numerical-aperture, and low-aspect-ratio planar lenses for visible light, based on TiO 2 Huygens resonators.
Efficient Measurement Selection in Invariant Pattern Recognition

In automatic pattern recognition it is often desired to achieve system invariance to complex pattern transformations. Quite often it is difficult to find feature measurements or their processing operators that are invariant to the transformation under question. In such cases classes are best represented as being composite. In this paper new bounds on the Bayes’ error rate between composite classes are proposed as criteria for ordering available measurements. Efficient computational algorithms for ordering measurements using the bounds are presented.
Consumer evaluations of bonus packs offered with price discounts

Purpose To assess consumer evaluations of bonus packs offered with price discounts. Design/methodology/approach Four laboratory experiments and a content analysis. Findings The opportunity to obtain a price discount was available for approximately 25 percent of the bonus packs found in a content analysis. Consumers evaluated an offer containing a low bonus amount and a high price discount more positively than an offer containing a high bonus amount and a low price discount, despite both offers providing a similar underlying price per unit. Moreover, consumer evaluations of a bonus pack can be enhanced by providing a price discount rather than offering it at the regular price. Research limitations/implications Future research could examine consumer reactions to bonus packs offered with discounts contingent on obtaining multiple quantities (e.g., BOGO; a multiple-unit price providing a lower price per unit than the single unit’s price) to determine whether the results of the present research extend to these...
Metric Pattern Theory

Given a set of laws R for the regular structure, they induce natural probability measures over the configuration space T(R) and associated image algebras. This topic — metric pattern theory — was introduced in Section 2.10 of Volume I and we shall pursue it further in this chapter, extend the results to great generality and deepen some of them. When doing this we shall concentrate our attention on the configurations and neglect the corresponding questions for images; see Notes A. A reader can therefore in the present chapter think of the identification rule R as EQUAL, treating images as identical to configuration. Important advances have been made in metric pattern theory after the appearance of Volume I, some of which are contained in two reports by Hwang and Thrift, see Bibliography; much of this chapter is devoted to presenting their results.
Preliminary Porcine In Vivo Evaluation of a Telerobotic System for Transurethral Bladder Tumor Resection and Surveillance.

Introduction: Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors (TURBT) can be a challenging procedure, primarily due to limitations in tool-tip dexterity, visualization and lack of tissue depth information. A transurethral robotic system was developed to revolutionize TURBT by addressing some of these limitations. The results of three pilot in-vivo porcine studies using the novel robotic system are presented and potential improvements are proposed based on experimental observations. Materials & Methods: A transvesical endoscope with a mounted optically-tracked camera was placed through the bladder of the swine under general anesthesia. Simulated bladder lesions were created by injecting HistoGel processing gel mixed with blue dye trans-abdominally into various locations in the bladder wall under endoscopic visualization. A seven-degree-of-freedom (DoF) robot was then used for transurethral resection/ablation of these simulated tumors. An independent two-DoF distal laser arm (DLA) was deployed through the robot f...
Enhanced Postsynaptic GABAB Receptor Signaling in Adult Spinal Projection Neurons after Neonatal Injury.

Abstract Clinical and basic science research have revealed persistent effects of early-life injury on nociceptive processing and resulting pain sensitivity. While recent work has identified clear deficits in fast GABAA- and glycine receptor-mediated inhibition in the adult spinal dorsal horn after neonatal tissue damage, the effects of early injury on slow, metabotropic inhibition within spinal pain circuits are poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that neonatal surgical incision significantly enhances postsynaptic GABAB receptor signaling within the mature superficial dorsal horn (SDH) in a cell type-dependent manner. In vitro patch-clamp recordings were obtained from identified lamina I projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons in the SDH of adult female mice following hindpaw incision at postnatal day (P)3. Early tissue damage increased the density of the outward current evoked by baclofen, a selective GABAB receptor agonist, in projection neurons but not inhibitory interneurons. This could reflect enhanced postsynaptic expression of downstream G protein-coupled inward-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs), as the response to the GIRK agonist ML297 was greater in projection neurons from neonatally incised mice compared to naive littermate controls. Meanwhile, presynaptic GABAB receptor-mediated reduction of spontaneous neurotransmitter release onto both neuronal populations was unaffected by early-life injury. Collectively, our findings suggest that ascending nociceptive transmission to the adult brain is under stronger control by spinal metabotropic inhibition in the aftermath of neonatal tissue damage.
3-D Conformal Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy/Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy

Central nervous system treatment planning has been evolving as new technology and research are being released. Traditional treatment methods, such as three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), are slowly being replaced by newer techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). This chapter discusses important planning details to create 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT plans and provides plan evaluation guidelines to ensure high quality plans are produced. In addition, there are helpful tips for Varian Eclipse and Philips Pinnacle users to develop plans in a standardized and efficient manner. These planning details are used to develop several planning strategies which explain how to approach gliomas, hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy, craniospinal irradiation (CSI), craniopharyngioma, and pituitary tumors. By the end of this chapter, the reader should feel confident to treat patients safely and effectively so that the treatment plans satisfy a clinician’s criteria.
Melphalan + bortezomib (MelVel) and Mel + Vel + thalidomide (MelVelThal) as a conditioning regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients (pts) with advanced multiple myeloma (MM): An updated analysis of 2 phase I/II studies.

8027Background: Escalating doses of Vel with high dose Mel (Rowley, ASH 2009) and escalating doses of Thal with Vel + Mel (Hong, ASH 2012) as ASCT conditioning in pts with advanced MM were previous...
Impact of the Timing of Ureteral Stent Placement on Outcomes in Patients with Obstructing Ureteral Calculi and Presumed Infection.

Abstract Objective: To understand how time to stent placement impacts outcomes in patients with obstructing ureteral stones and concern for infection. Materials and Methods: Using a prospective uro...
Assessment of ventricular contractility in fetuses with an estimated fetal weight less than the tenth centile.

Objective To determine whether abnormal global, transverse, and longitudinal ventricular contractility of the heart in fetuses with an estimated fetal weight Study Design This was a retrospective study of 50 fetuses with an estimated fetal weight 95th centile (Z score >1.65), depending on the specific ventricular measurement. Results The average gestational age at the time of the examination was 32 weeks 4 days (standard deviation 3 weeks 4 days). None of the 50 study fetuses demonstrated absent or reverse flow of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform. Eighty-eight percent (44/50) of fetuses had one or more abnormal measurements of cardiac contractility of 1 or both ventricles. Analysis of right ventricular contractility demonstrated 78% (39/50) to have 1 or more abnormal measurements, which were grouped as follows: global contractility 38% (19/50), transverse contractility 66% (33/50); and longitudinal contractility 48% (24/50). Analysis of left ventricular contractility demonstrated 1 or more abnormal measurements in 58% (29/50) that were grouped as follows: global contractility 38% (19/50); transverse contractility 40% (20/50); and longitudinal contractility 40% (20/50). Of the 50 study fetuses, 25 had normal pulsatility index of the umbilical artery and cerebroplacental ratios, 80% of whom had 1 or more abnormalities of right ventricular contractility and 56% of whom had 1 or more abnormalities of left ventricular contractility. Abnormal ventricular contractility for these fetuses was present in all 3 groups of measurements; global, transverse, and longitudinal. Those with an isolated abnormal pulsatility index of the umbilical artery (n=11) had abnormalities of transverse contractility of the right ventricular and global contractility in the left ventricle. When an isolated cerebroplacental ratio abnormality was present, the right ventricle demonstrated abnormal global, transverse, and longitudinal contractility, with the left ventricle only demonstrating abnormalities in transverse contractility. When both the pulsatility index of the umbilical artery and cerebroplacental ratio were abnormal (3/50), transverse and longitudinal contractility measurements were abnormal for both ventricles, as well as abnormal global contractility of the left ventricle. Conclusions High rates of abnormal ventricular contractility were present in fetuses with an estimated fetal weight
New Advances in Intelligent Intersection Management with Connected and Automated Vehicle Technology

Considerable research studies coupled with several deployment projects have been conducted recently to investigate potential effects of different cooperative automation technologies in controlling signalized junctions. The focus has been on how vehicles and infrastructure can cooperate toward safer and more efficient intersection operations. In this chapter, a brief review of some ongoing research projects as well as real world implementations that were presented during the Automated Vehicles Symposium (AVS) 2018 are discussed. The review includes the specifications of the projects and the challenges in implementation of the new technology. Three of the near future possible deployments are presented as well.
A modified two-compartment model for measurement of renal function using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography

Objectives To validate and adapt a modified two-compartment model, originally developed for magnetic resonance imaging, for measuring human single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT). Methods This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Thirty-eight patients with essential hypertension (EH, n = 13) or atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS, n = 25) underwent renal DCE-CT for GFR and perfusion measurement using a modified two-compartment model. Iothalamate clearance was used to measure reference total GFR, which was apportioned into single-kidney GFR by renal blood flow. Renal perfusion was also calculated using a conventional deconvolution algorithm. Validation of GFR and perfusion and inter-observer reproducibility, were conducted by using the Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Results Both the two-compartment model and iothalamate clearance detected in ARAS patients lower GFR in the stenotic compared to the contralateral and EH kidneys. GFRs measured by DCE-CT and iothalamate clearance showed a close match (r = 0.94, P<0.001, and mean difference 2.5±12.2mL/min). Inter-observer bias and variation in model-derived GFR (r = 0.97, P<0.001; mean difference, 0.3±7.7mL/min) were minimal. Renal perfusion by deconvolution agreed well with that by the compartment model when the blood transit delay from abdominal aorta to kidney was negligible. Conclusion The proposed two-compartment model faithfully depicts contrast dynamics using DCE-CT and may provide a reliable tool for measuring human single-kidney GFR and perfusion.