cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Ruminal Ciliates Select Their Preys and Prokaryotic Symbionts

Ruminal ciliates both preys on and form symbiotic relationships with other members of the ruminal microbiota for their survival. However, it remains elusive if they have selectivity over their preys or symbionts. In the present study, we investigated the above selectivity by identifying and comparing the free-living prokaryotes (FLP) and the ciliate-associated prokaryotes (CAP) using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. We used single ciliates cells of both monocultures of Entodinium caudatum and Epidinium caudatum and eight different ciliate genera isolated from fresh rumen fluid of dairy cows. Irrespective of the source (laboratory monocultures vs. fresh isolates) of the single ciliate cells, the CAP significantly differed from the FLP in microbiota community profiles. Many bacterial taxa were either enriched or almost exclusively found in the CAP across most of the ciliate genera. A number of bacteria were also found for the first time as ruminal bacteria in the CAP. However, no clear difference was found in methanogens between the CAP and the FLP, which was confirmed using methanogen-specific qPCR. These results suggest that ruminal ciliates probably select their preys and symbionts, the latter of which has rarely been found among the free-living ruminal prokaryotes. The bacteria enriched or exclusively found in the CAP can be target bacteria to detect and localize using specific probes designed from their 16S rRNA sequences, to characterize using single-cell genomics, or to isolate using new media designed based on genomic information.
Emergency Department-Provided Home Blood Pressure Devices Can Help Detect Undiagnosed Hypertension.

Emergency departments (EDs) are critical sites for hypertension (HTN) screening. Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring (HBPM) is used routinely in outpatient settings, yet its utility after the ED visit for those with elevated BP in the ED is unclear. In this pilot study, we assessed if HBPM could detect HTN in patients with elevated in-ED BP. From September 2014 to July 2017, we recruited adult patients at an urban, academic ED with a triage BP ≥ 120/80 mmHg and no history of HTN into this prospective cohort observational study. After their ED visit, participants obtained BP measurements for two weeks using a validated HBPM. HTN was considered probable if the average HBPM BP was ≥ 135/85 mmHg. We calculated the proportion of participants whose ED BP measurement accurately predicted HTN using HBPM after discharge. Of 136 participants enrolled, 93 (68%) returned the HBPM with at least four home BP measurements [mean number of measurements obtained: 29 (SD: 17, range 4–59)]. Participants’ median age was 40 years-old (IQR 34–48); 55% were female, 19% were black, and 58% were white. Forty-six percent of participants with elevated in-ED BP had HTN in follow-up. For patients with elevated BP in the ED, HBPM could be valuable for determining which patients have HTN and require expedient follow-up.
Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase

Oxygen first appeared on our planet about 2 billion years ago. Although its appearance allowed organisms to be more efficient in their ability to obtain energy from nutrients, it also exposed cells to a variety of oxidants called reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as a result of an incomplete reduction of oxygen. Some of these oxidants are very powerful and can damage all biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In addition, some cells have adapted to use less reactive ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) as intracellular messengers in cell signaling. In order to decrease the steady -state concentration of these ROS, organisms have evolved a variety of antioxidant enzymes and other low molecular weight antioxidants. This article reviews some characteristics of two groups of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases and catalases.
Effect of Salinity on DMSP Production in Gambierdiscus belizeanus (Dinophyceae).

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is produced by many species of marine phytoplankton and has been reported to provide a variety of beneficial functions including osmoregulation. Dinoflagellates are recognized as major DMSP producers; however, accumulation has been shown to be highly variable in this group. We explored the effect of hyposaline transfer in Gambierdiscus belizeanus between ecologically relevant salinities (36 and 31) on DMSP accumulation, Chl a, cell growth, and cell volume, over 12 d. Our results showed that G. belizeanus maintained an intracellular DMSP content of 16.3 pmol cell-1 and concentration of 139 mM in both salinities. Although this intracellular concentration was near the median reported for other dinoflagellates, the cellular content achieved by G. belizeanus was the highest reported of any dinoflagellate thus far, owing mainly to its large size. DMSP levels were not significantly affected by salinity treatment but did change over time during the experiment. Salinity, however, did have a significant effect on the ratio of DMSP:Chl a, suggesting that salinity transfer of G. belizeanus induced a physiological response other than DMSP adjustment. A survey of DMSP content in a variety of Gambierdiscus species and strains revealed relatively high DMSP concentrations (1.0-16.4 pmol cell-1 ) as well as high intrageneric and intraspecific variation. We conclude that, although DMSP may not be involved in long-term (3-12 d) osmoregulation in this species, G. belizeanus and other Gambierdiscus species may be important contributors to DMSP production in tropical benthic microalgal communities due to their large size and high cellular content.
Silviculture and bird habitat

Forests, particularly those on public lands, are managed for multiple resources. Forest resources include timber production, watershed protection, carbon sequestration, recreational opportunities, and wildlife habitat, among many others. For most nonindustrial private landowners, sustaining wildlife ranks higher than timber production as a forest ownership goal (Butler and Leatherberry 2004). Until recently, the SILVAH decision support system included only a very minor wildlife component, the ability to record stems as actual or potential den trees (Marquis et al. 1992). Wildlife information has been included in SILVAH training sessions in three ways: as part of the forest ecology background, as wildlife management suggestions within the SILVAH framework, and as a synthesis of the effects of various management actions on wildlife.
Modified endonasal approach for premaxillary repositioning in the patient with bilateral cleft lip - a review of technique

Objective In patients with bilateral cleft lip, the management of the cleft premaxilla can be challenging, because it remains mobile throughout childhood until stabilized with grafting. A small group of patients may have grossly malpositioned premaxillae that cannot be managed with traditional techniques. Concerns about compromised perfusion and scarring have led to attempts to reposition the premaxilla before alveolar grafting while preserving the gingival periosteum. Reported methods include utilizing a lip-split incision (Rahpeyma et al., 2016), conservative transoral approaches (Koh et al., 2016; Steinhauser, 2014), and endonasal approaches (Sierra et al., 2018; Martinez-Plaza, et al., 2018). At our institution, we use a staged approach, in which endonasal osteotomies via a Killian incision are performed to mobilize the cleft premaxilla, and then it is repositioned into a more anatomic position by using orthodontic splinting. Our primary outcome evaluated any adverse vascular compromise. Study Design This retrospective analysis catalogs 6 cases of endonasal premaxillary repositioning in patients with bilateral cleft palate since 1999. A chart review identified gender, age, vascular issues, infection, and overall progress for the management of the cleft. Indications for staged repositioning were severe vertical, horizontal, or rotation/torsion malalignments of the premaxilla. We report here our modified technique using an endonasal approach for repositioning an infra-positioned premaxilla. Results All cases reviewed had improved anatomic location without any vascular compromise. No infections were noted. The study included 4 females and 2 males (age range was 4–10 years). Four of these patients went on to have alveolar grafting, with 2 currently planned for eventual grafting. Three of the patients have had or are undergoing workup for orthognathic surgery, 1 did not need surgery, and 2 were lost to follow-up. Conclusions Endonasal osteotomy is a predictable way to reposition the bilateral cleft premaxilla while maintaining blood supply and preventing gingival scarring. This technique is minimally invasive and aids in anatomic repositioning for the orthodontic management of patients with complex bilateral cleft lip/palate. Further studies are needed to evaluate the stability of this procedure and considerations of simultaneous bone grafting.
Into the Gateway: the Rhetoric Society of America Project on Power, Place, and Publics

This is the Guest Editors’ Introduction to a themed issue that reflects on the inaugural Rhetoric Society of America Project, which, in 2019, hosted a range of rhetorical investigations into the Un...
Positive Psychiatry: Its Time Has Come

Traditionally, psychiatry has been defined and practiced as a branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. Based on growing empirical evidence, we believe that this definition warrants expansion to include the concept of positive psychiatry. In the present article, we provide a critical overview of this emerging field and a select review of relevant scientific literature. Positive psychiatry may be defined as the science and practice of psychiatry that seeks to understand and promote well-being through assessment and interventions involving positive psychosocial characteristics (PPCs) in people who suffer from or are at high risk of developing mental or physical illnesses. It can also benefit nonclinical populations. Positive psychiatry has 4 main components: (1) positive mental health outcomes (eg, well-being), (2) PPCs that comprise psychological traits (resilience, optimism, personal mastery and coping self-efficacy, social engagement, spirituality and religiosity, and wisdom-including compassion) and environmental factors (family dynamics, social support, and other environmental determinants of overall health), (3) biology of positive psychiatry constructs, and (4) positive psychiatry interventions including preventive ones. There are promising empirical data to suggest that positive traits may be improved through psychosocial and biological interventions. As a branch of medicine rooted in biology, psychiatry, especially with the proposed conceptualization of positive psychiatry, is well poised to provide major contributions to the positive mental health movement, thereby impacting the overall health care of the population.
Temporal change of risk factors in hospital-acquired Clostridioides difficile infection using time-trend analysis.

OBJECTIVE Given recent changes in the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and prevention efforts, we investigated temporal changes over a period of 11 years (2006-2016) in incidence and risk factors for CDI. DESIGN Retrospective matched case-control study. SETTING/PATIENTS Pediatric and adult inpatients (n = 694,849) discharged from 3 hospitals (tertiary and quaternary care, community, and pediatric) in a large, academic health center in New York City. METHODS Risk factors were identified in cases and controls matched by length of stay at a ratio of 1:4. A Cochran-Armitage or Mann-Kendall test was used to investigate trends of incidence and risk factors. RESULTS Of 694,849 inpatients, 6,038 (0.87%) had CDI: 44% of these cases were hospital acquired (HA-CDI) and 56% were community acquired (CA-CDI). We observed temporal downward trends in HA-CDI (-0.03% per year) and upward trends in CA-CDI (+0.04% per year). Over time, antibiotics were administered to more patients (+3% per year); the use of high-risk antibiotics declined (-1.2% per year); and antibiotic duration increased in patients with HA-CDI (+4.4% per year). Fewer proton-pump inhibitors and more histamine-2 blockers were used (-3.8% and +7.3% per year, respectively; all Ptrend <.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence of HA-CDI decreased over time, CA-CDI simultaneously increased. Continued efforts to assure judicious use of antibiotics in inpatient and community settings is clearly vital. Measuring the actual the level of exposure of an antibiotic (incidence density) should be used for ongoing surveillance and assessment.
Inter-professional QI Interventions to Improve Readmissions Rate Can Positively Affect the Overall Discharge Process

Background: In 2013, our hospital formed a bi-campus inter-professional committee to address hospital readmissions as part of the national Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS) network. The SPS goal is to decrease 7-day hospital readmissions by 10% over the course of each year. Without a standard network bundle to guide readmissions work, our hospital readmissions committee focused on improving overall discharge process through quality improvement measures. Specific Aims: Objectives of our team are to: 1) maintain overall average hospital 7-day readmission rate below SPS …
Exponentially slow heating in short and long-range interacting Floquet systems

The dynamics of Floquet Hamiltonians with short and long-range interactions are shown to exhibit a very long heating time scale that grows exponentially with the frequency of the drive. For times smaller than this heating time scale, the authors demonstrate that the dynamics of the system is well-approximated by evolution under a time-independent Hamiltonian, for both short-range interacting systems, in agreement with recent rigorous bounds, as well as for long-range interacting systems, where such results do not exist at present.
Arrhythmias Common to Infants and Children

Summary Arrhythmias do occur in the pediatric population and do not simply consist of sinus tachycardia and bradycardia. With more sophisticated monitoring, prenatal detection, and improved survival after cardiac surgery, the anesthesiologist can expect to see more children entering the operating room with the diagnosis of one form of arrhythmia or another. Some arrhythmias in pediatric patients may have a different significance than in adult patients. A complete knowledge of the arrhythmia, its history, implications, and associated disease entities, as well as different treatment modalities, is essential to providing a safe anesthetic for these pediatric patients.
Surgical repair of primary non-complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the modern era of small-gauge vitrectomy.

Objective To report anatomic and visual outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), as well as scleral buckling (SB) and PPV/SB as surgical treatments for the management of primary, non-complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods and analysis Data from 751 eyes that underwent PPV, SB or combined PPV/SB as a surgical treatment for primary non-complex RRD with at least 3 months of follow-up were analysed to determine rates of single surgery anatomic success (SSAS) and final anatomic success (FAS). Patients or the public were not involved in the design, conduct or reporting of this research. Results PPV accounted for 89.0% (n=668), PPV/SB for 6.8% (n=51) and SB for 4.2% (n=32) cases. Overall SSAS (91.2% PPV, 84.3% PPV/SB, 93.8% SB; p=0.267) and FAS (96.7% PPV, 94.1% PPV/SB and 100.0% SB; p=0.221) were reported for the three surgical groups. SSAS and FAS were similar for lens status, macular detachment status and the presence or absence of inferior retinal breaks for each of the PPV, PPV/SB and SB groups. Conclusions In this large, single institution, retrospective case series, we report surgical outcomes for patients with primary non-complex RRD managed with PPV, SB or PPV/SB in the modern era of small-gauge vitrectomy. We demonstrate that primary PPV without adjunct SB provides excellent anatomic and visual outcomes irrespective of lens status, macular involvement or pathology location.
Quantifying community resilience based on fluctuations in visits to points-of-interest derived from digital trace data.

This research establishes a methodological framework for quantifying community resilience based on fluctuations in a population's activity during a natural disaster. Visits to points-of-interests (...
Is simply being included enough?: A comparative analysis of hierarchial and numerical organization

Generally speaking, research has shown that diversity attracts diversity. Consequently, organizations may demonstrate their existing employee diversity in company recruitment material as an “identi...
Effects of physical impairments on fitness correlates of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus

Physical impairments are widely assumed to reduce the viability of individual animals, but their impacts on individuals within natural populations of vertebrates are rarely quantified. By monitorin...
Parental Reports of the Development of Autism in Their Children: The Relevance of Regression, Comorbidity, and Genetics in the Detection ofEarly Characteristics

PARENTAL REPORTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM IN THEIR CHILDREN: THE RELEVANCE OF REGRESSION, COMORBIDITY, AND GENETICS IN THE DETECTION OF EARLY CHARACTERISTICS By Robin P. Goin, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003 Major Director: Barbara J. Myers, Ph.D., Department of Psychology Early detection of autism plays an important role in enhancing developmental outcomes for affected children. Identifying potential characteristics of the disorder evident during infancy and toddlerhood aids efforts to screen for such symptoms, which may lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses; however, it is unclear to what extent certain factors encourage or impede early detection. Because parents are responsible for making decisions on behalf of their children based upon their perceptions of children’s developmental progression, caregivers were queried in terms of their beliefs about the development of autism characteristics in their children. Participants included 393 caregivers of children with autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and PDD-NOS from the U.S. and 5 other English-speaking countries who completed an online questionnaire containing both closedand open-ended questions. Rich, descriptive information on children was provided in terms of demographic variables, comorbid diagnoses outside of the autism spectrum, the type of autism onset (congenital or regressive) children experienced, the presence of a family history of autism or other mental-health disorders, and the ages at which behavioral difference were detected for 11 early symptoms indicative of autism. Analyses were conducted with the last 4 variables within this list and with an additional variable reflecting parents’ beliefs about the etiology of autism (genetic versus some external mechanism). Significant relationships existed between a variety of these variables with the exception of a family history of autism or other mental-health disorders. About half of the sample reported that their children developed autism in a congenital fashion while the remaining half, a regressive fashion. Those indicating a congenital onset reported noticing all 11 early characteristics at younger ages relative to those indicating a regressive onset; however, significant differences between groups existed for only 4 of these 11 early symptoms. Parents who indicated a congenital onset were also more likely to espouse a genetic etiology for autism relative to parents indicating a regressive onset who were more likely to attribute the disorder to some external mechanism. Type of autism onset and presence versus absence of child comorbidity independently predicted the ages at which parents detected anomalies in 7 of the 11 early characteristics. Interpretations of the findings are discussed in detail, followed by suggestions for future directions of research in this area.
Targeting synthetic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) L2 disulfide-induced N-terminus conformational epitopes for pan-HPV vaccine development.

Abstract Background Current vaccines against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are highly effective and based on recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of the major capsid protein L1. Since these vaccines are HPV type-specific and expensive for global implementation, an alternative, broader-spectrum immunogen would be the N-terminus of the minor capsid protein L2 that induces low titered broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies. Here we analyzed the reactivity of different synthetic L2 peptides containing N-terminus amino acids 17–36 in order to test their antigenicity. Methods Different synthetic peptides were designed to target the 17–36 amino acid sequences, present in highly antigenic amino-terminus of L2 protein. Six different peptides including Cys22–Cys28 disulfide bonded cyclized L2 peptide were examined for their antigenicity against mouse monoclonal antibody RG-1 and rabbit polyclonal antisera to HPV L2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Here we report that the cyclized form of synthetic L2 peptide, which is formed through Cys22–Cys28 disulfide bridges, has the highest reactivity to antibodies than other synthetic L2 peptides. Conclusion A cyclized L2 peptide has potential to be an excellent candidate to formulate a low-cost, broadly protective pan-oncogenic HPV vaccine.
Theoretical Concepts and Methods

Of the many options for broadly classifying solids, electrical resistivity has proved to be the most useful. The grouping of materials into insulators, semiconductors, semimetals, and metals involves a parameter with a range of order 1030. The resistivity boundaries between the classifications are not very sharp, but they are sharp enough to make the separation for most practical purposes. For the semiconductor regime, the resistivity is between 109 and 10−3 ohm-cm, but we will also discuss insulators with resistivities above 109 ohm-cm and doped semiconductors and semimetals with resistivities below 10−3 ohm-cm. The distinction at the boundary between semiconductors and insulators will be made on the basis of the size of the fundamental (minimum) band gap. Semiconductors are assumed to have band gaps from 0 to ~4eV, insulators >4eV, and semimetals ≤0. Gray Sn (α-Sn) is an example of a borderline material which has zero band gap. It has been called a zero-gap semiconductor; it has also been called in ideal semimetal.
Abstract T P137: Temporal Trends in Hospitalization for Ischemic Stroke in the United States, 2000-2010

Background: Recent population-based studies have revealed declining ischemic stroke hospitalization rates in the US, particularly among whites, but no study has assessed recent nationwide trends in race/ethnic-, age- and sex-specific stroke hospitalization rates in the US. Aims: To assess temporal trends in race/ethnic-, age-, and sex-specific rates of hospitalization for ischemic stroke in the US. Methods: Temporal trends in hospitalization for ischemic stroke (ICD-9 codes 433.x1, 434, 436) from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among adults ≥25 years using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Age-, sex-, and race/ethnic-specific stroke hospitalization rates were calculated using the weighted number of hospitalizations as the numerator and the US civilian population as the denominator. Age-adjusted rates were standardized to the 2000 US Census population. Results: From 2000 to 2010, age-adjusted stroke hospitalization rates decreased from 169 to 138 per 100,000 (overall rate reduction 18.3%). The decline in stroke hospitalizations was driven by the ≥65 age group, with the sharpest decline among 65-84 year olds (Figure). Sex-specific rates showed higher age-adjusted rates in women, with a steeper reduction in women than in men (from 228 to 180 vs. 183 to 157 per 100,000). Race/ethnic-specific trends revealed that hospitalizations decreased for whites and Hispanics but increased for blacks (from 144 to 193 per 100,000 in black men and from 191 to 211 per 100,000 in black women). Discussion: Although overall stroke hospitalizations have decreased in the US, the reduction has been more pronounced among older individuals, whites and Hispanics. Renewed efforts at targeting risk factor control among blacks and middle-aged individuals may be warranted. Figure 1.
Radicalisation and media: connectivity and terrorism in the new media ecology, by Akil N. Awan, Andrew Hoskins and Ben O'Loughlin

Reviewed by Brigitte L. Nacos, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA © 2011, Brigitte L. Nacos Earlier this year, when US Representative Peter T. King, a Republican long known for his sympathies f...
A fast simulation-based optimization method for inventory control of general supply chain networks under uncertainty

Simulation-based optimization can significantly improve operational efficiency of a supply chain network under uncertainty. However, both the noisiness and complexity render the simulation as a black-box function. We propose a novel regional surrogate based framework for inventory optimization in general supply chain networks under demand uncertainty. Both the objective value and service level constraints are estimated by the kriging method using regional information. The aggregated surrogate models are optimized by a trust-region framework. For a case study with 15 inventory storing nodes, the proposed algorithm returns an optimal solution in 2,994 seconds with 6,721 functional evaluations while the genetic algorithm (GA) returns a 36.2% higher objective value after 46,000 function evaluations.
Optimal capital structure: A multi-period programming model for use in financial planning

Abstract This paper describes a multi-period, chance constrained mathematical programming model to compute for each period, the firm's optimal debt to equity ratio and the optimal maturity distribution of its debt. The model assumes that the firm's objective is to maximize total value of the firm, and that the firm operates in a world of uncertainty, with corporate income taxes and bankruptcy costs. Finally, the actual coupon rate paid by the firm which is commensurate to the risk of default is endogenously determined by the model.
Promoting the use of an object-oriented software development methodology by merging structured and object-oriented analysis methods

The author discusses factors that are partially responsible for the gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice for object-oriented software development methods. The focus is on identifying factors that inhibit the speed of adoption of object-oriented software development techniques and on discussing methods of addressing these inhibiting factors. A methodology is presented that is designed to decrease the resistance to change by integrating traditional and object-oriented analysis techniques. >
Evaluation of overflow probabilities in resource management

In a number of network and database management applications, an upper bound has to be evaluated on the probability that the capacity of a server will be exceeded. The authors refer to this probability as the overflow probability of the server. The problem is, in essence, determining the probability that the sum of N independent random variables exceeds a given threshold. Evaluation of the overflow probability by brute-force enumeration requires a computation time which increases exponentially with N, so attempts have been made to approximate the overflow probability using Chernoff bounds. They present a simple scheme that can be used to evaluate the overflow probability with higher accuracy and lower computational effort than the Chernoff bounds approach. A set of algorithms is presented in C-like pseudocode that can be used to evaluate the overflow probability. >
The Evolutionary Aspect of the Integrative Function of the Cortex and Subcortex of the Brain

Publisher Summary This chapter aims to present some results of investigations by members of the Moscow Brain Institute that permit to speak of the highest degree of integration in the brain cortex. Studies on the evolution of the brain show the trends of development not only of the cortex, but also of its different layers, during the intra-uterine period and after birth. The development and complication of the structure and function of the cortex correspond to perfection in the forms of behavior, complication of the analysis, and synthesis of stimuli reaching the body, which, in cooperation with the first signal system, ensure the nervous activity of man's speech. The formation of higher nervous activity in children is determined by the degree of maturity of the cortex and the subcortical formations. The subcortical formations grow and become more complex, but at a slower rate than the cortex. The neopallium becomes more and more complicated and appears as the bearer of new patterns of behavior and processes of integration of the cortical functions, while the palaeocortex, archicortex and cortex represent a lower level of integration. An even lower integration level is represented by the subcortical formations including the reticular formation.
β-Lactams without a suicide inhibitor

Existing clinical studies concerning the impact of therapy with third-generation cephalosporins or cefepime on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are retrospective, non-randomised, and have been carried out with a small number of patients and low-dosage schedules that lack PK-PD correlations with clinical efficacy. Rates of clinical failure and mortality are higher than those in studies with non-ESBL- producing Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, in settings with a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, empirical therapy with advanced cephalosporins should be avoided. Temocillin, an old β-lactam that is stable in the presence of both ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases, seems to deserve revival, although clinical data are limited.
Feeding Patterns Influence Brain Development in Infancy

Breastfeeding has been shown to promote more optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes (Jing, Gilchrist, Badger, & Pivik, 2010). The present study examined feeding patterns and infant brain development, using electroencephalograph (EEG) coherence (a measure of the relationship of two different electrode sites across regions). 113 mothers and their 1- and 3-month old infants participated. At each age, EEG was obtained from frontal (F3, F4), central (C3, C4), parietal (P3, P4) and occipital (O1, O2) sites. A series of repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) yielded significant effects, with greater coherence from the frontal region to parietal regions and central to occipital region for breastfed compared to bottle-fed infants. Multiple regression analyses showed that feeding type (longer duration of breastfeeding) and quality of feeding type (exclusively breastfeeding) uniquely predict more optimal brain patterns in the left hemisphere (and greater coherence from anterior to posterior regions). Findings from the study indicate that infants who are breastfed show more mature patterns of brain development.
Comparing Galaxies and Lyα Absorbers at Low Redshift

A scenario is explored in which Lyα absorbers at low redshift arise from lines of sight through extended galaxy disks, including those of dwarf and low surface brightness galaxies. A population of galaxies is simulated based upon observed distributions of galaxy properties, and the gas disks are modeled using pressure and gravity confinement. Some parameter values are ruled out by comparing simulation results to the observed galaxy luminosity function, and constraints may be made on the absorbing cross sections of galaxies. Simulation results indicate that it is difficult to match absorbers with particular galaxies observationally since absorption typically occurs at high-impact parameters (>200 kpc) from luminous galaxies. Low-impact parameter absorption is dominated by low-luminosity dwarfs. A large fraction of absorption lines is found to originate from low surface brightness galaxies, so that the absorbing galaxy is likely to be misidentified. Low-redshift Lyα absorber counts can easily be explained by moderately extended galaxy disks when low surface brightness galaxies are included, and it is easily possible to find a scenario that is consistent with the observed galaxy luminosity function, with low-redshift Lyman limit absorber counts, and with standard nucleosynthesis predictions of the baryon density, ΩB.
The role of human papillomavirus type 16/18 genotyping in predicting high-grade cervical/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm in women with mildly abnormal papanicolaou results

BACKGROUND: The authors compared the predictive value of type 16 and/or 18 human papillomavirus (HPV) versus non-16/18 HPV types for high-grade (grade ≥2) cervical neoplasm/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm and carcinoma (CIN/VAIN2+) in women with mildly abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) results (ie, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] or low-grade squamous epithelial lesion [LSIL]). METHODS: The authors retrospectively selected Pap specimens with HPV testing results obtained from 243 women (155 with ASCUS and 88 with LSIL Pap results) in their Department of Pathology. HPV genotyping was performed using the EasyChip HPV blot assay. The Pap specimens with HPV16/18 and non-16/18 HPV types were compared with follow-up biopsy results. Follow-up duration ranged from 1 month to 58 months (mean, 26 months). RESULTS: In total, 58 of 155 specimens (37%) that had ASCUS and 29 of 88 specimens (33%) that had LSIL were positive for HPV16/18. CIN/VAIN2+ biopsies were identified in 43 of 155 women (28%) with ASCUS and in 28 of 88 women (32%) with LSIL. Women with ASCUS and HPV16/18 had a significantly higher rate (43%) of CIN/VAIN2+ than women with ASCUS and non-16/18 HPV types (19%; P = .003; odds ratio, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-6.53). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of CIN/VAIN2+ between women who had LSIL and HPV16/18 (45%) and those who had LSIL and non-16/18 HPV types (29%; P = .16; odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-4.97). CONCLUSIONS: HPV genotyping for HPV16/18 improved risk assessment for women with ASCUS Pap results and may be used to predict the risk of CIN/VAIN2+ to better guide follow-up management. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Subjective time perception and behavioral activation system strength predict delay of gratification ability

This study investigated the relationship between subjective time perception and behavioral impulsivity in a healthy, undergraduate population. Data were collected from 62 participants on internal clock speed (ICS, a measure of subjective time perception), behavioral impulsivity, intelligence, and Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Strengths (BIS and BAS). As expected, after controlling for other significant predictors, ICS accounted for a significant amount of variance in behavioral impulsivity. Surprisingly, participants who had slower ICSs were more behaviorally impulsive than participants who had faster ICSs. In addition, and as anticipated, participants who had less accurate ICSs were significantly more impulsive than participants who were more accurate. Last, higher BAS significantly predicted decreased behavioral impulsivity. Results are discussed in terms of current theory relating ICS to impulsivity, and a new theoretical framework is advanced.
Methods of estimating hydraulic and transport parameters for the unsaturated zone

Methods of estimating hydraulic and transport parameters for the unsaturated zone are presented. Two approaches to parameter estimation are discussed. The first approach is based on inversion of the governing initial-boundary value problem for unsaturated flow and/or transport using data from transient experiments. The second approach utilizes particle size distribution data to obtain estimates of soil hydraulic properties. Example applications of the two different approaches are presented and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Procedures for identifying and quantifying sources of uncertainty in parameter estimates are examined. Ongoing research on the scale-up of parameters for applications in large-scale numerical simulations is reviewed.
Apoptosis of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is enhanced by co-culture with hepatocytes expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins through FasL induction

A central unresolved issue in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is how the virus establishes chronic infection. Recent studies suggest that the liver microenvironment leads to apoptosis of activated T cells, which may be involved in the tolerance to liver allograft. Here, We report that murine hepatocytes expressing a transgene encoding the HCV structural proteins core, envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2) enhance apoptosis of activated T cells. Unlike normal liver, which appears to selectively remove only activated CD8+ T cells, enhanced apoptosis was seen for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Enhanced apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes was associated with upregulation of FasL by HCV transgenic hepatocytes and was specifically inhibited by anti-FasL blocking antibody. Increased apoptosis of activated T cells induced by HCV structural proteins could amplify the ability of the liver to down-modulate T cell responses, leading to attenuation of anti-viral responses and facilitating viral persistence.
A New Line of High-Voltage Outdoor Tank-Type Oil Circuit Breakers

THE TREND of the past few years and studies of future trends indicate an oncoming demand for higher interrupting capacities and decreased interrupting and reclosing times. Today there may be relatively few applications which justify these more severe requirements, but there is every indication that as time passes they will become more and more universal.
The impact of a prescribed burn on introduced Lehmann lovegrass versus native vegetation in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

Prescribed burning has been suggested as a method to prevent shrub encroachment on desert grasslands. A concern for range managers is the prevalence of introduced African lovegrasses (Eragrostis spp.). These exotic grasses may compromise the effectiveness of fire as a range management tool in these areas due to their fire tolerance. In this study we examined the response of an established patch of Lehmann lovegrass to a prescribed burn. While Lehmann lovegrass was not adversely affected by the prescribed burn, all of the native grasses were compromised to some degree.
Drag of a corrugated plate in a rotating fluid

En supposant un faible nombre de Reynolds et de faibles amplitudes par rapport a l'epaisseur d'Ekman, on trouve une solution de perturbation au second ordre. La resistance et la puissance dues a la trainee dependent de l'orientation relative des cannelures par rapport au mouvement. Il peut etre, dans certains cas, plus facile de deplacer une plaque cannelee qu'une plaque plane dans un fluide tournant
An immunological approach to the study of protein conformational heterogeneity: its application to growth hormone.

The study of multiple forms of a hormone due to changes in its secondary or tertiary structure (conformational heterogeneity) has been restricted to methods of physical chemistry which require relatively large quantities of purified preparations and has precluded such studies on circulating hormones. The present report describes an immunological approach to the study of GH conformational heterogeneity based on the simultaneous use of two homologous RIAs: one which recognizes porcine (p) GH in its native conformation (pGH RIA) and a second (pB RIA) for a 55-residue Saminoethylated cyanogen bromide fragment (pB) of pGH (corresponding to residues 126–180 of human GH). In the pGH RIA, pB was nonreactive, whereas pGH displacement of [125I]iodo-pB from anti-pB serum required about 103 M excess and was nonparallel to pB. Treatment of pGH with urea plus mercaptoethanol (ME), which would be expected to affect the conformation of the GH molecule, increased its immunoreactivity 68-fold in the pB RIA and its dilution...
1151 ZINC (ZN) IRON (Fe) NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN OBESE CHILDREN

Forty-five obese children, (>2SD above ideal weight), were divided into two groups based on their hair Zn concentration. Twenty-four children with hair Zn below 180 ug/gm, had significantly higher Hgb, Hct, serum Fe:Fe-binding capacity, and significantly lower urine Fe, than twenty-one other children with hair Zn above 180 ug/gm. Hair, serum, and urine copper concentration was also determined in both groups and were not significantly different. This inverse relationship between Zn and Fe, has also been seen in children with pure red cell anemia and Cooley's anemia.
Psychotropic drug effects on gene transcriptomics relevant to Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Objectives Psychotropic drugs are widely prescribed in Parkinson's disease (PD) without regard to their pathobiological effects, and these drugs affect the transcription of a large number of genes. Effects of these drugs on PD risk gene transcription were therefore surveyed. Methods Results summarize a comprehensive survey of psychotropic effects on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression evident in published data for 70 genes linked to PD risk. Results Psychotropic drugs can meaningfully affect PD risk gene mRNA transcription, including antipsychotics (upregulate dopamine receptors D2 and D3 (DRD2, DRD3); downregulate low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1, also known as PARK5)), haloperidol (upregulates DRD3, parkin (PRKN, also known as PARK2), DRD2; downregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), risperidone (upregulates monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), DRD2), olanzapine (upregulates transmembrane protein 163 (TMEM163), BDNF, glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), MAOB, DRD2, solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 3A1 (SLCO3A1)), aripiprazole (upregulates DRD2), quetiapine, paliperidone, lurasidone, carbamazepine, and many antidepressants (upregulate BDNF), lithium and bupropion (downregulate BDNF), amitriptyline (upregulates DRD3, DRD2), imipramine (upregulates BDNF, DRD3, DRD2), desipramine (upregulates BDNF, DRD3), and fluoxetine (upregulates acid beta-glucosidase (GBA), coiled-coil domain containing 62 (CCDC62), BDNF, DRD3, UCHL1, unc-13 homolog B (UNC13B), and perhaps huntingtin interacting protein 1 related (HIP1R); downregulates microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), methylcrotonoyl-coenzyme A carboxylase I (MCCC1), GSTM1, 28 kDa calbindin 1 (CALB1)). Fluoxetine effects on BDNF and UCHL1 in GEO Profiles were statistically robust. Conclusions This report provides an initial summary and framework to understand the potential impact of psychotropic drugs on PD-relevant genes. Antipsychotics and serotoninergic antidepressants may potentially attenuate PD risk, and lithium and bupropion may augment risk, through MAPT, GBA, CCDC62, HIP1R, BDNF, and DRD2 transcription, with MAPT, GBA, and CCDC62 being strongly associated with PD risk in recent meta-analyses. Limitations of these findings and a research agenda to better relate them to the nigrostriatum and PD are discussed.
RECOMBINATION OF ELECTRONS AND MOLECULAR HELIUM IONS.

The recombination coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}({N}_{e}, {T}_{e})$ of ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$ is measured in helium afterglow plasmas ($12 \mathrm{Torr}\ensuremath{\le}p\ensuremath{\le}20 \mathrm{Torr}$; $t\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1$ msec) as a function of electron density and gas temperature under conditions where the temperature of electrons and ions equals that of the neutral gas ($2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\ensuremath{\le}{N}_{e}\ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; $900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}2200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}$). The recombination coefficient is found equal to the theoretical collisional-radiative recombination rate of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$. In spite of the high vibrational excitation of the recombining ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$, corresponding to the high gas temperatures, there is no evidence for dissociative processes. In particular, the time decay of the recombination light cannot be reconciled with collisional-dissociative recombination.
Coexistence of molecular and shape resonances in 12C + 12C

Abstract The structure observed in 12C + 12C excitation functions is interpreted in terms of the double resonance and doorway mechanisms, which generate bands of shape and molecular resonances, respectively.
Increased randomness of heart rate could explain increased heart rate variability preceding onset of atrial fibrillation.

The recent study in JACC by Amar et al. ([1][1]) describes significant increases in heart rate variability (HRV) in the period preceding the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) in postoperative patients. This increase in HRV is interpreted by the investigators as reflecting increased parasympathetic
Contextual Hidden Variables Theories and Bell's Inequalities

AbstractNoncontextual hidden variables theories, assigning simultaneous values to all quantum mechanical observables, are inconsistent by theorems of Gleason and others. These theorems do not exclu...
Zebrafish models for transcriptional regulation in development and stem cell differentiation

Zebrafish models for transcriptional regulation in development and stem cell differentiation
Managing context for Internet videoconferences: the multimedia Internet recorder and archive

Multimedia objects are difficult to query since much of the content of the object is beyond the interpretive capabilities of a computer. State-of-the-art multimedia content-based retrieval systems focus on post mortem analysis of the underlying data objects to derive semantic information. With the emergence of inexpensive I/O technology we can shift some of the burden of this content analysis to `smart' devices that can capture context information about a multimedia object. Context information includes the geographical location an object is created or used, identities of users, activities of users and other applications, etc. Such information can be used to index the multimedia objects to perform content-based queries with minimal signal processing. We are concerned with the design and implementation of a context-based retrieval system for IP-multicast videoconferences. The Multimedia Internet Recorder and Archive (MIRA) models a videoconference as a Bayesian network that describes bounds on `cost' and `reliability' for a recording task. Context about a videoconference is derived from monitoring the RTCP control channel and messaging events that occur among meeting participants. MIRA creates an index of context information as an XML document that is used by clients to visualize, browse, and retrieve multimedia objects. MIRA also creates event-based transcripts as summaries of meetings. These transcripts are available over the WWW.