cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A six‐step approach to developing future synoptic classifications based on GCM output

One way in which global climate model (GCM) output can be utilized to infer local impacts is through the use of synoptic climatology: creating a set of atmospheric patterns that capture the variability in the climate system, and then analyzing trends and variability in the frequency of these patterns moving into the future. In this paper, we demonstrate a new synoptic climatological technique for classifying atmospheric patterns that can be used in conjunction with GCM output data (in this case, the Community Climate System Model 3). We apply this method to 850-hPa temperature patterns over the contiguous United States to derive daily categorizations. A total of 15 clusters are created from the data set; once the mean GCM bias is removed, historical cluster frequencies in the GCM data set are not statistically different from those of the reanalysis data set. In the future, significant changes in frequency are observed across most of the transition season clusters, as they broaden in seasonality at the expense of winter clusters, some of which nearly entirely disappear. Changes are greater moving further into the future, and greater for the more carbon-intensive special report on emissions scenarios (SRES) scenarios (A1FI, A2) than the less-intensive scenario tested (B1). Diagnostics test how well the mean patterns of the reanalysis data set, GCM historical data set and the future GCM data sets resemble each other. For some clusters, mean bias between the historical and future data sets grows substantially by the end of the 21st century under the more carbon-intensive scenarios. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Analysis of Aerosol Particles by Resonance Raman Scattering Technique

An analytical technique for aerosol samples which utilizes the resonance Raman effect is described. The aerosol particles were generated at 50 kHz by a vibrating orifice. The nominal particle size was 45 µm in diameter. The visible lines (4579, 4765, 4880, and 5145 A) of a continuous argon-ion laser were used as the excitation source. Within the coverage of the laser wavelengths, effects of pre-resonance, resonance, and post-resonance Raman scattering were studied. Under the resonance condition, the enhancement of p-nitrosodimethylaniline is 5.5 × 104 when compared to that of nitrate ions. The corresponding concentration of detection limit is 10−6 molar.
The application of electrophoresis to the systematics of the marine dinoflagellate genus heterocapsa

Eight strains (and three subcultures of one strain) of four species of the marine dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa (H. illdefina, H. niei, H. pygmeea, and H. triquetra) were assayed electrophoretically for enzymes encoded by four loci. Additionally, electromorphs of the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein pigment complex were investigated. A roote Wagner tree was constructed and indicates evolutionary lines of descent, as well as the degree of relatedness between subcultures, isolates, and taxa. There was a correlation between the degree of geographical isolation and taxonomic distance as determined from electrophoresis. Minor electrophoretic differences were detected among four subcultures of H. pygmaea that were prepared 25 years ago. The present morphologically derived classification of this genus agrees with our biochemically based systematic scheme with one exceptin. One of the isolates previously identified as H. pygmaea is considered an undescribed, possibly sibling species.
Visible and infrared absorption of organometallic compounds of thulium at low temperatures

Abstract Absorption spectra at room temperature, liquid nitrogen, and liquid-helium temperatures are reported for various cyclopentadienides and methylcyclopentadienides of thulium in the region from ∼4000 cm−1 to ∼25 000 cm−1. Several hypersensitive line-groups were observed. Strong vibrational coupling was found to be associated with the transitions to the 3F3′ and 3F2′ groups. The low-energy electron-transfer band characteristic of tricyclopentadienides of thulium showed vibrational fine structure at liquid-helium temperature.
Bootstrapping in least absolute value regression: an application to hypothesis testing

A Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the performance of hypothesis tests for regression coefficients when least absolute value regression methods are used. In small samples, the results of the simulation suggest that using the bootstrap method to compute standard errors will provide improved test performance
Micellar Catalysis of Nitric Oxide Dissociation from Diazeniumdiolates

The effect of surfactant micelles on the acid-catalyzed dissociation of NO from diazeniumdiolate ions of structure R1R2N[N(O)NO]- has been examined in phosphate-buffered solutions at 37 °C. The reaction behavior of zwitterionic substrates [2, R1 = R2 = H2N(CH2)2; 3, R1 = R2 = H2N(CH2)3; 4, R1 = n-Pr, R2 = H2N(CH2)3; 5, R1 = H2N(CH2)3, R2 = H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)4] and anionic substrates [1, R1 = R2 = Et; 6, R1 = R2 = n-Pr] has been compared. All but DEA/NO (1) are catalyzed by anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) but are unaffected by the presence of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or the zwitterionic surfactant 3-(N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate (lauryl sulfobetaine). Catalysis by sodium decylphosphonate micelles has also been demonstrated for 2 (DETA/NO). The surfactant-mediated catalysis is discussed in terms of a distribution model with simultaneous reaction in the water and micellar pseudophases. Binding constants (Ks) for diazeniumdiolate association with the surfacta...
Gonadotropins do not induce antiphospholipid antibodies.

PROBLEM: To determine whether the increased incidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) in women undergoing assisted reproduction might be secondary to superovulation with gonadotropins, predisposing women to an abnormal immune response and thus inducing APAs. METHOD OF STUDY: Women undergoing assisted reproduction with gonadotropins for the first time were selected and tested before the initiation of the stimulation cycle, during the cycle, and at the end of the cycle (group 1 ). Women who had undergone gonadotropin stimulation at least 60 days earlier (group 2) and normal, nonpregnant, fertile women (group 3) also were evaluated. Serum samples were assayed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: Ten (20%) of 50 women in group 1 were positive for APAs. The 10 women who were positive for APAs remained positive throughout the treatment cycle. Positive antibodies were identified in 12 (24%) of 50 women in group 2, not significantly different from group 1 (P = 0.81). Antibodies were present in 2 of 50 normal fertile control subjects, significantly less frequently than in group I (P < 0.03) and in group 2 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that gonadotropin administration and/or the ovarian response to stimulation does not predispose women to the induction of APAs. Moreover, the incidence of APAs in this population, which is higher than that found in normal fertile women, cannot be explained by cycle-induced events.
Litter decomposition in grasslands of Central North America (US Great Plains).

One of the major concerns about global warming is the potential for an increase in decomposition and soil respiration rates, increasing CO 2 emissions and creating a positive feedback between global warming and soil respiration. This is particularly important in ecosystems with large belowground biomass, such as grasslands where over 90% of the carbon is allocated belowground. A better understanding of the relative influence of climate and litter quality on litter decomposition is needed to predict these changes accurately in grasslands. The Long-Term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team (LIDET) dataset was used to evaluate the influence of climatic variables (temperature, precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and climate decomposition index), and litter quality (lignin content, carbon: nitrogen, and lignin: nitrogen ratios) on leaf and root decomposition in the US Great Plains. Wooden dowels were used to provide a homogeneous litter quality to evaluate the relative importance of above and belowground environments on decomposition. Contrary to expectations, temperature did not explain variation in root and leaf decomposition, whereas precipitation partially explained variation in root decomposition. Percent lignin was the best predictor of leaf and root decomposition. It also explained most variation in root decomposition in models which combined litter quality and climatic variables. Despite the lack of relationship between temperature and root decomposition, temperature could indirectly affect root decomposition through decreased litter quality and increased water deficits. These results suggest that carbon flux from root decomposition in grasslands would increase, as result of increasing temperature, only if precipitation is not limiting. However, where precipitation is limiting, increased temperature would decrease root decomposition, thus likely increasing carbon storage in grasslands. Under homogeneous litter quality, belowground decomposition was faster than aboveground and was best predicted by mean annual precipitation, which also suggests that the high moisture in soil accelerates decomposition belowground.
Embodying Losses in Pat Barker's Regeneration Trilogy

(2005). Embodying Losses in Pat Barker's Regeneration Trilogy. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 307-319.
Development and testing of a tool for assessing and resolving medication-related problems in older adults in an ambulatory care setting: the individualized medication assessment and planning (iMAP) tool

Abstract Background Medication is one of the most important interventions for improving the health of older adults, yet it has great potential for causing harm. Clinical pharmacists are well positioned to engage in medication assessment and planning. The Individualized Medication Assessment and Planning (iMAP) tool was developed to aid clinical pharmacists in documenting medication-related problems (MRPs) and associated recommendations. Objective The purpose of our study was to assess the reliability and usability of the iMAP tool in classifying MRPs and associated recommendations in older adults in the ambulatory care setting. Methods Three cases, representative of older adults seen in an outpatient setting, were developed. Pilot testing was conducted and a “gold standard” key developed. Eight eligible pharmacists consented to participate in the study. They were instructed to read each case, make an assessment of MRPs, formulate a plan, and document the information using the iMAP tool. Inter-rater reliability was assessed for each case, comparing the pharmacists' identified MRPs and recommendations to the gold standard. Consistency of categorization across reviewers was assessed using the κ statistic or percent agreement. Results The mean κ across the 8 pharmacists in classifying MRPs compared with the gold standard was 0.74 (range, 0.54–1.00) for case 1 and 0.68 (range, 0.36–1.00) for case 2, indicating substantial agreement. For case 3, percent agreement was 63% (range, 40%–100%). The mean κ across the 8 pharmacists when classifying recommendations compared with the gold standard was 0.87 (range, 0.58–1.00) for case 1 and 0.88 (range, 0.75–1.00) for case 2, indicating almost perfect agreement. For case 3, percent agreement was 68% (range, 40%–100%). Clinical pharmacists found the iMAP tool easy to use. Conclusions The iMAP tool provides a reliable and standardized approach for clinical pharmacists to use in the ambulatory care setting to classify MRPs and associated recommendations. Future studies will explore the predictive validity of the tool on clinical outcomes such as health care utilization.
Computational approach to the physical chemistry of fullerenes and their derivatives.

▪ Abstract A critical review is presented of results obtained with different computational methods (mainly ab initio) on C60, C70, and specific fullerene derivatives, also in comparison with experimental data. From the discussion of diverse systems, the (often underestimated) complexity of their physical and chemical behavior emerges, and hence the importance of an accurate description and the need for a careful inspection of the experimental data, with which comparison is often intrinsically difficult. The ambition of this review is to help establish a basis not only for a nonsuperficial reading of the existing literature, but also for a constructive approach with computations to the challenge posed by recent promising applications of fullerenes in nanotechnology, optoelectronics, and biology.
A concurrent two semester approach to senior design

In 1990, the electrical engineering design curriculum at Gannon University was revised. Senior Design was expanded into two courses - Senior Design (3 credits) and Senior Design Lab. and Seminar (3 credits). Both are writing intensive courses in the writing across The curriculum program. First Semester Senior Design is a formal review of the elements of design, procedures, and methodology. Second Semester Senior Design is a continuation of the first semester course plus six laboratory periods and six seminars (placements, graduate-school, ethics, patents, engineering in management, and OSHA). >
Statistical methods for assessing agreement

In a previous column 1 we discussed the reliability of a measurement instrument and some of the potential consequences of unreliable measurement. Reliability was broadly defined as the extent to which repeated measurements, taken under the same conditions, are similar to one another. Our previous discussion of reliability focused on the reliability of quantitative data. In many applications, however, the variable of interest is a dichotomous rating (e.g., a diagnosis of the presence or absence of a disorder, a positive or negative test result) where the true classification is either unknown or difficult to ascertain. In that case it is of interest to determine the degree to which there is agreement when more than a single rater classifies subjects. Because the degree of agreement can be considered an upper limit on the reliability of the ratings, poor agreement among raters should prompt concern about the accuracy of the ratings and the quality of the resulting classification. In this column we focus on the seemingly straightforward task of quantifying the degree of agreement between two raters when their ratings produce dichotomous classifications (e.g., presence or absence of a disorder). The generic term raters is used here to refer to clinicians, observers, informants, judges, experts, diagnostic tests, and so on; the term ratings denotes the resulting classifications (e.g., positive or negative, present or absent). For example, consider the case where a sample of N subjects is classified for the presence or absence of an eating disorder by two clinicians. The two raters assess each of the N subjects and make diagnoses independently of each other. That is, the diagnosis of any particular subject made by the first clinician is completely unknown to the second clinician, and vice versa. The overall results of the clinician diagnoses can then be summarized in terms of a two-by-two contingency table. This two-by-two table has rows corresponding to the two possible diagnostic categories (presence or absence of an eating disorder) when the diagnosis is made by the first clinician and columns corresponding to the same two diagnostic categories when the diagnosis is made by the second clinician. The four internal cells of the contingency table contain frequency counts of the number of subjects occurring in the diagnostic categories. Figure 1 shows such a table. Note that the upper left-hand corner cell of the table contains the number of subjects who are diagnosed with an eating disorder by both clinicians (i.e., a number of subjects for whom the two clinicians concur regarding the presence of an eating disorder). Given that the rows and columns of the two-by-two contingency table correspond to diagnoses made by two clinicians, how can we quantify the degree of agreement among the clinicians? In this article we consider some of the more commonly used measures of agreement.
Mapping Gray’s BIS and BAS Constructs onto Factor 1 and Factor 2 of Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist - Revised

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST; Gray, 1987; Gray & McNaughton, 2000) has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding psychopathy (e.g., Fowles, 1980, 1988; Newman & Malterer, 2009; Poythress, Edens, Landfield, Lilienfeld, Skeem, & Douglas, 2008). Recent research has linked two RST constructs, the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS), to individuals with primary psychopathy and secondary psychopathy (Lykken, 1995; Newman, MacCoon, Vaughn, & Sadeh, 2005): Primary psychopaths manifest low BIS reactivity and secondary psychopaths manifest high BAS reactivity. In the present study, we examine the relationships between the BIS/BAS constructs and Factors 1 and 2 of the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) in a sample of 472 incarcerated male offenders. Paralleling their relationships with primary and secondary psychopathy, the BIS/BAS constructs were differentially related to the two PCL-R factors. Specifically, the influence of the BIS was found to be more prominent than the influence of the BAS for Factor 1, and the influence of the BAS was more prominent than that of the BIS for Factor 2.
Ingestible capsule antenna for bio-telemetry

This paper presents a novel ingestible capsule antenna, the conformal chandelier meandered dipole antenna (CCMDA), as a practical and effective design for bio-telemetry. The CCMDA is a conformal version of the offset planar meandered dipole antenna (OPMDA). The similarities in performance between the two antennas are presented through simulations. The CCMDA is further investigated and through simulation, it is shown to have inherent advantages due to its conformal geometry, which allows for tightly packed electrical components within the capsule, and polarization diversity that enables a communication link, which is not strongly sensitive to the orientation of the capsule within the human body. The capsule antenna is then simulated within a 4 mm precision human-body model (Ansoft) where the detuning effects along with the polarization and radiation pattern are investigated and discussed.
Chemical analysis, prevention, and low-level dosimetry of heterocyclic amines from cooked food.

Potent mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines are produced from heated food derived from muscle. These compounds are present at part-per-billion levels and consist primarily of the amino-imidazoazaarene class of chemicals. Additional mutagens present in the meat are not as clearly characterized. Commercial fried-beef patties (hamburgers) have low levels of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 0.1–0.68 ng/g meat for MeIQx and slightly lower for 4,8-DiMeIQx. The formation of these heterocyclic amines can be reduced by microwave pretreatment of meat, with the resulting liquid being poured off before frying. The Ames/ Salmonella mutagenic activity was reduced to 5–10% of that of non-microwave-treated samples. MeIQx and Di-MeIQx concentrations were reduced to 12% and 50% of levels in the non-microwave-treated samples, respectively. MeIQx adducts, as measured by accelerator mass spectrometry, were found to be linear with doses from 5 mg/kg to 500 ng/kg. Linear DNA binding at low doses is important for assuming linear risk estimation from the high animalfeeding doses causing cancer to the low human-dietary exposures. Extrapolating from the rodent TD50 dose to humans gives a maximum credible risk from consumption of heterocyclic amines of approximately 1/1000 exposed individuals.
Deficit in Space Concepts Associated with Visual Deprivation

A deficit in space concepts associated with visual deprivation was measured by a spatial relationship test, comparing children blind from birth with matched sighted counterparts. Significant differences were found between blind and sighted groups on spatial relationships, but not on other baseline measures. The findings suggested that the development of spatial abilities is dependent on visual experience.
Hospitalizations for Firearm Injuries Prevalent Among Children

ABOUT 20 CHILDREN per day in the United States are injuredbyfirearmsseriouslyenoughtorequirehospitalization, and more than six percent of these children die from their injuries, according to a new study by Yale School of Medicine researchers and their colleagues. The new study analyzed data of children and adolescents under the age of 20 who had been admitted to a hospital in the United States in 2009 using the Kids' Inpatient Database, the most recent data available. The researchers found that 7,391 hospitalizations occurred as a result of firearm injuries, and 453 of these patients died while inthehospital(6.1%;Leventhal,Gaither,S the hospitalization rate for males was 15.22 per 100,000 and for females was 1.93 per 100,000. This gender difference was apparent even in young children. The rate for Black males was 44.77, a rate more than 10 times that of White males. Rates were highest for those aged 15 to 19 years. The researchers noted the significantly higher poverty rate for young Black males compared with young White males, but the data did not allow researchers to separate the effects of poverty from the effects of race. Children who survived firearm injuries often needed extensive follow-up treatment after they were released from
A Review of “Researching Young Children's Perspectives: Debating the Ethics and Dilemmas of Educational Research with Children”

“It's good to be listened to, because you get some more ideas from people if you’re talking about something in your project. And listening's a part of learning … we need to listen. That's how we ge...
An Alternative Measure of the Efficiency of Sequential Testing Procedures

Sequenctial procedures are almost universally compared in terms of ASN. Sllch a comparison does not involve consideration of sample size variability; a factor which has great practical significance and could greatly increase the cost, of performing the seqllential test. In this paper it is proposed that an alternative measure to the ASN be where N is the number of observations required for the corresponding fixed sample size test, E(n|θ) is the ASN, and σ n (θ) is the sample size standard deviation. An advantage of D(θ) is that it can be used to compare sequential procedures with different, power cluves.
The multilevel plane wave time domain algorithm for the fast analysis of transient scattering phenomena

This article outlines the steps involved in implementing a multilevel plane wave time domain (PWTD) algorithm that complements the classical marching on in time (MOT) scheme for analyzing transient scattering from electrically large surface scatterers residing in free-space. The MOT solver for the combined field integral equation (CFIE) is used to illustrate the specifics of the implementation. Numerical results illustrating the usefulness of this algorithm in analyzing large scale scattering phenomena are presented.
Effects of Geometric Details on Slat Noise Generation and Propagation

The relevance of geometric details to the generation and propagation of noise from leading-edge slats is considered. Typically, such details are omitted in computational simulations and model-scale experiments thereby creating ambiguities in comparisons with acoustic results from flight tests. The current study uses two-dimensional, computational simulations in conjunction with a Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) solver to investigate the effects of previously neglected slat "bulb" and "blade" seals on the local flow field and the associated acoustic radiation. The computations clearly show that the presence of the "blade" seal at the cusp significantly changes the slat cove flow dynamics, reduces the amplitudes of the radiated sound, and to a lesser extent, alters the directivity beneath the airfoil. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a modest extension of the baseline "blade" seal further enhances the suppression of slat noise. As a side issue, the utility and equivalence of FW-H methodology for calculating far-field noise as opposed to a more direct approach is examined and demonstrated.
Mechanical transduction by rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro

Although it is generally presumed that mechanical sensitivity of somatosensory nerve fibers results from the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels, a mechanically-gated whole-cell current has never been demonstrated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We performed patch clamp experiments on rat DRG neurons in culture, and report the first mechanically-activated current in somatosensory neurons (I(mech)). This whole-cell current is observed in most dorsal root ganglion neurons but not in non-sensory sympathetic ganglion neurons. The current-voltage relation of I(mech) indicates that it is a non-selective cation current. Sensitivity of I(mech) to block by gadolinium suggests that it may be mediated by a member of a family of mechanosensitive non-selective cation channels observed in many cell types. Sensitivity to benzamil supports this idea, and further suggests that the current might be mediated by a member of the degenerin/ epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family.
Model-based test for analog integrated circuits

The basic idea of 'model-based test' is to compute multiple test metrics from a core set of stimulus/response experiments used to fit behavioral models for the test metrics of interest. In other words, a few measurements are done to collect data used to create a behavioral model from which a number of test metrics are computed for example by simulation. One objective of model-based test is the reduction of complexity and cost of measurement systems used in test of analog integrated circuits. The method described here seeks to replace a conventional measurement system with a single broad band source and receiver which would be adequate for multiple tests, when used in conjunction with appropriate models. Application of the method to a digital receiver, including comparison of predicted and measured results, is described.
Differential effects of isomeric incorporation of fluorophenylalanines into PvuII endonuclease

Incorporation of fluorine into proteins has long served as a means of probing structure and function, yet there are few studies that examine the impact of fluorine substitution, particularly at locations distant from the active sites of enzymes. The flexibility of isomeric fluorine incorporation at Phe is used to explore subtle substitution effects on enzyme activity and conformation. The unnatural amino acids o-, m-, and p-fluorophenylalanines were incorporated biosynthetically into the representative PvuII restriction endonuclease. Interestingly, m-fluoro-Phe-PvuII endonuclease exhibits very similar conformational stability to that of the native enzyme, but it exhibits a reproducible, 2-fold higher average specific activity. Given the level of incorporation and the distribution of species, the species of modified enzyme responsible for this increase in specific activity is most likely even faster. Further, moving the fluorine atom from the meta- to the para-position of Phe results in a 4-fold decrease in specific activity and a decrease in conformational stability of 1.5 kcal/mol. Since none of the Phe residues in PvuII endonuclease lies near the DNA recognition or catalytic sites, this differential behavior alludes to the impact of subtle changes in enzyme conformation on endonuclease activity and suggests novel ways to influence catalytic behavior. Proteins 2001;45:55–61. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stability And Variation In Employment-Based Health Insurance Coverage, 1993–1997

A rapidly expanding body of recent literature has chronicled the erosion of employment-based health insurance coverage over the past decade.
Vulvovaginitis in Children and Adolescents

Vulvovaginitis is a common problem among both prepubertal and adolescent girls. Since the approach to the examination, the etiology of the vaginal discharge, and the treatment are quite different in the two age groups, this article is divided into two major sections: vaginal discharge in the prepubertal child and vaginal discharge in the adolescent. VAGINAL DISCHARGE IN PREPUBERTAL CHILD The proximity of the vagina to the anus and the thin uncornified vaginal mucosa make the young child particularly susceptible to vulvovaginal infections with a mixed bacterial flora. Not only is perineal hygiene often inadequate in this age group, especially among overweight girls, but bubblebaths, harsh soaps, close-fitting pants, and nylon tights all contribute to vulvar irritation. Anal scratching associated with pinworm infestations may contaminate the vaginal area with a variety of bowel flora; rarely an adult pinworm may find its way into the vagina. A vaginal discharge may also occur with systemic infections such as measles, scarlet fever and chicken pox. Young girls frequently have redness and irritation for several days; these conditions disappear with the application of a bland ointment and warm baths. Ths history of vulvovaginitis may include complaints of itching, discharge, dysuria, or redness. It is important to elicit the quantity, color, and duration of the discharge, perineal hygiene, use of medication and soaps, symptoms of anal pruritus, and recent infections in the child or the family.
Sputter Deposition of Semiconductor Superlattices for Thermoelectric Applications

Theoretical dramatic improvement of the thermoelectric properties of materials by using quantum confinement in novel semiconductor nanostructures has lead to considerable interest in the thermoelectric community. Therefore, we are exploring the critical materials issues for fabrication of quantum confined structures by magnetron sputtering in the lead telluride and bismuth telluride families of materials. We have synthesized modulated structures from thermoelectric materials with bilayer periods of as little as 3.2 nm and shown that they are stable at deposition temperatures high enough to grow quality films. Issues critical to high quality film growth have been investigated such as nucleation and growth conditions and their effect on crystal orientation and growth morphology. These investigations show that nucleating the film at a temperature below the growth temperature of optimum electronic properties produces high quality films. Our work with sputter deposition, which is inherently a high rate deposition process, builds the technological base necessary to develop economical production of these advanced materials. High deposition rate is critical since, even if efficiencies comparable with CFC based refrigeration systems can be achieved, large quantities of quantum confined materials will be necessary for cost-competitive uses.
Statins after acute coronary syndrome: a missed opportunity

During and immediately following a myocardial infarction, care providers routinely explain the role of statins as a way to reduce the chance of further coronary events and even death. Hospitalised and recalling their recent chest pain, patients are usually highly receptive to this idea of taking a statin medication every day. Some may be reassured that clinical guidelines, supported by large clinical trials, give statins their strongest level of evidence.1 Physicians who follow these patients in clinic might conclude that statin use is widely adopted and well maintained, but these physicians could not possibly know for sure. Statins are among the most effective of medical therapies, but our ability to know if they are actually being used remains severely limited. Into this information gap steps researchers who are able to find and follow the ‘entire denominator’—every patient in a country that has received care for an acute coronary syndrome. The paper by Grey et al 2 is an excellent example, and tells the story of New Zealand's experience delivering statins to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) survivors in fine detail. Using a national data system that links public hospital records, outpatient pharmaceutical claims and death certificates, they were able to identify almost every ACS patient in their country and follow their pharmacy purchases for 3 years. This retrospective analysis included a cohort of over 11 000 individuals, most of whom experienced a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) or …
Ethnographic Deterction and Description of Family Strategies for Child Care: Applications to the Study of Cerebral Palsy

Presented a framework for describing and classifying patterns, or strategies, used by families who have children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy, in caring for their child. Forty families were administered a structured interview regarding details of their day-to-day experience in caring for their child. Four reliably distinct patterns were identified. The patterns were compared with respect to other characteristics of the family. Results suggest at least three patterns that appear to be relatively adaptive, and one that appears relatively less so. Results are discussed in terms of the definition of successful family adaptation, the heterogeneity of adaptive family patterns in this population, and some clinical implications.
Racial-Equity Policy as Leadership Practice: Using Social Practice Theory to Analyze Policy as Practice

This, primarily theoretical, paper takes up the longstanding problem of the disconnection between education policy and leadership practice. The authors propose the use of social practice theory as a tool for educational leaders at the state, school district, and school levels, to eliminate the disconnection between policy design and leadership action. Using Oregon as an example, the authors illustrate a relationship between equity-policy design and leadership practice that may help identify weaknesses and strengths in equity-policy designs and ultimately support better equity policy for leadership practice.
From Trope to Pathos in Health Scholarship: Sharing Disgust in the Kermit Gosnell Case

Over the past four decades, a field loosely called “Rhetoric of Health” emerged. In this space, we illustrate how attending to bodies and their emotions is pivotal to understanding rhetorics relate...
The story picturing engine: finding elite images to illustrate a story using mutual reinforcement

In this paper, we present an approach towards automated story picturing based on mutual reinforcement principle. Story picturing refers to the process of illustrating a story with suitable pictures. In our approach, semantic keywords are extracted from the story text and an annotated image database is searched to form an initial picture pool. Thereafter, a novel image ranking scheme automatically determines the importance of each image. Both lexical annotations and visual content of an image play a role in determining its rank. Annotations are processed using the Wordnet to derive a lexical signature for each image. An integrated region based similarity is also calculated between each pair of images. An overall similarity measure is formed using lexical and visual features. In the end, a mutual reinforcement based rank is calculated for each image using the image similarity matrix. We also present a human behavior model based on a discrete state Markov process which captures the intuition for our technique. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our scheme
An Examination of the Reciprocal Relationship of Loneliness and Facebook Use among First-Year College Students

College students are using social network sites such as Facebook to communicate with their families and friends. However, empirical evidence is needed to examine whether there exists a reciprocal relationship between students’ use of social network sites and their psychological well-being. The present study focused on two reciprocally-related research questions: (a) Is there an impact of loneliness on Facebook intensity and motive for using Facebook among first-year college students? (b) Is there an impact of Facebook intensity and motive for using Facebook on loneliness? Data were collected from a sample of 340 first-year college students and were analyzed through structural equation modeling. No reciprocal relationship was found in the study: Facebook intensity had a positive impact on loneliness and, motive for using Facebook did not have any impact on loneliness, whereas loneliness influenced neither Facebook intensity nor motive for using Facebook.
Spectral Components Analysis: A Bridge between Spectral Observations and Agrometeorological Crop Models

Spectral observations have been acknowledged to indicate general plant conditions over large areas but have yet to be exploited in connection with agrometeorological crop models. One reason is that it is not yet appreciated how periodic spectral observations of row-cropped and natural plant canopies, as expressed by vegetation indices (VI), can provide information on important crop model parameters, such as leaf area index (LAI) and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). Two experiments were conducted under AgRISTARS sponsorship, one with cotton and one with spring wheat, specifically to determine the relationships for each term in the " spectral components analysis" identity \begin{equation*} LAI/VI \times APAR/LAI = APAR/VI.\end{equation*} LAI and APAR could, indeed, be well estimated from vegetation indices such as normalized difference(ND) and perpendicular vegetation index (PVI)?apparently because of the close relation between the VI and amount of photosynthetically active tissue in the canopy. APAR and VI measurements are similarly affected by solar zenith angle (SZA), and LAI can be divided by cos SZA at the time of the VI and APAR measurements to achieve correspondence. APAR, ND, and PVI plotted against LAI all asymptote to limiting values in the same way yield does as LAI exceeds 5, further linking canopy development to yield capability. In summary, the spectral components analysis results presented add credence to the information conveyed by spectral canopy observations about plant development and yield, and establish a bridge between remote observations and agrometeorological crop modeling through the variables of mutual concern, LAI, biomass, and yield.
Abstract P5-07-01: Granulin, a novel STAT3-interacting protein, promotes breast cancer tumorigenicity

Since the neoplastic phenotype of a cell is largely driven by its gene expression patterns, increasing attention is focused on transcription factors that regulate critical mediators of tumor formation and metastatic progression like the oncogenic transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Whereas normal cells have transient activation of STAT3 due to tight control by negative regulators, cancer cells frequently have inappropriate constitutive activation of STAT3 which drives increased expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about proteins that interact with STAT3 to modulate its function. To identify novel STAT3-interacting proteins, we performed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based profiling of STAT3-containing complexes immunoprecipitated from the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and SUM159PT, which have constitutively active STAT3. We identified granulin (GRN) as a novel STAT3-interacting protein and validated the STAT3-GRN interaction in breast cancer cells by co-immunoprecipitation. To investigate the functional effect of GRN on STAT3 activity, we silenced GRN using small interfering RNA. We found that GRN was necessary for constitutive and maximal cytokine-induced STAT3 transcriptional activity in breast cancer cells. GRN modulated cytokine-induced STAT3 function by enhancing STAT3 DNA binding and increasing the time-integrated amount of STAT3 activation and nuclear translocation. Silencing GRN mirrored the effect of silencing STAT3 on reducing the viability, clonogenesis, and migratory capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Furthermore, GRN mRNA levels were significantly and positively correlated with STAT3 gene expression signatures indicative of STAT3 activation as well as with reduced overall survival in breast cancer patients. These studies used a proteomics approach to identify GRN as a novel STAT3 interacting protein that may serve as an important prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. Citation Format: Jennifer E Yeh, Simion Kreimer, Sarah R Walker, Andrea Richardson, Alexander R Ivanov, David A Frank. Granulin, a novel STAT3-interacting protein, promotes breast cancer tumorigenicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-01.
The Garden Then and Now; Sense of Life – Contemporary and in Genesis

The sense of life in Walker Percy’s THE LAST GENTLEMAN has reverberations of human life throughout the history of literature. The first sentence of the book is “One fine day in early summer a young man lay thinking in Central Park.1 The man is in a wonderful park, a garden far away from Eden, yet closely associated with a very old literature, the BOOK OF GENESIS which tells the same story, the story of the fallen man in a fallen world.
Hermann Staudinger Father of Modern Polymer Science

Staudinger’s importance to the development of Polymer Chemistry rests on a threefold activity which he maintained with never failing enthusiasm for more than 30 years: as a scientist, as a teacher, and as a preacher. Guided by true scientific curiosity for the unknown, Staudinger selected as the work of his life, in the early 1930’s, a field which, at that time, was hardly considered to be a worthy goal for an organic chemist of his reputation — the study of the natural organic substances of high molecular weight. Until then, Staudinger had cultivated typical problems of classical chemistry with well-defined substances which could be characterized by such standard methods as melting and boiling point, freezing point depression, and boiling point elevation.
Prognostic significance of the DNA ploidy of the early glottic cancer

The stage classification is most frequently used at the present in predicting the outcome of laryngeal carcinoma. Recently, DNA ploidy pattern as detected by DNA flow cytometry and cytofluorometry has been also shown to be predictive. In this study, DNA cytofluorometry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 18 patients with T1 and T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma for whom long-term follow-up data were available. The DNA ploidy pattern was classified into three types, diploid, diploid + tetraploid and aneuploid according to the DNA content of Go/G1 cells and mitotic cells. In these 18 cases, 8 cases (44%) had diploid pattern, 3 cases (17%) had the diploid + tetraploid pattern and 7 cases (39%) had the aneuploid pattern. The ploidy pattern was significantly associated with the relapse-free rate, but did not correlate with the stage of the carcinoma and differentiation of the cancer cells. Distribution of the patients by histology, stage and therapy was almost equal among the diploid, diploid + tetraploid and aneuploid groups. All the patients were treated with irradiation (60Gy). In the group as a whole, no patient died of glottic carcinoma. Relapse-free survival rates for diploid, diploid + tetraploid and aneupoid were 88%, 33% and 29% respectively. This retrospective study of glottic cancer treated with radiation therapy suggests the possibility that the DNA ploidy pattern would significantly predict patient outcome and would be useful for selecting patients whose poor prognosis demands more aggressive therapy.
Reproductive Tissue Activity in Hypothyroid or Heat Stressed Hens

Abstract The ability of the reproductive tract of the White Leghorn hen under heat stress or methimazole thyroid blockage to assimilate 32P was examined. Both treatments increase the uptake of 32P by the shell gland and egg shell but only heat stress increases 32P uptake by the ovaries and reduces shell thickness. The greater shell thinness under heat stress is related to an increased deposition of phosphate in the shell. Gilbert (1967) has reported an increased serum calcium, due to calcification inhibitions by phosphate, leading to an increased gonadotropin secretion. Thyroid blockage appears to stimulate TSH and gonadotropin LH secretion but in the absence of phosphate inhibition of calcification shell thickness is not affected. It is also speculated that hypothyroidism does not stimulate FSH secretion and therefore ovarian tissue is not activated by this condition.
The DNA Binding Domain of p53 Is Sufficient To Trigger a Potent Apoptotic Response at the Mitochondria

The tumor suppressor p53 is one of the most studied proteins in human cancer.1−3 While nuclear p53 has been utilized for cancer gene therapy, mitochondrial targeting of p53 has not been fully exploited to date.4,5 In response to cellular stress, p53 translocates to the mitochondria and directly interacts with Bcl-2 family proteins including antiapoptotic Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 and proapoptotic Bak and Bax.6 Antiapoptotic Bcl-XL forms inhibitory complexes with proapoptotic Bak and Bax preventing their homo-oligomerization.7 Upon translocation to the mitochondria, p53 binds to Bcl-XL, releases Bak and Bax from the inhibitory complex and enhances their homo-oligomerization.8 Bak and Bax homotetramer formation disrupts the mitochondrial outer membrane, releases antiapoptotic factors such as cytochrome c and triggers a rapid apoptotic response mediated by caspase induction.9 It is still unclear if the MDM2 binding domain (MBD), the proline-rich domain (PRD) and/or DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 are the domains resp...
Effectiveness of Fulkerson Osteotomy with Femoral Nerve Stimulation for Patients with Severe Femoral Trochlear Dysplasia.

Patients with femoral trochlear dysplasia are at risk for chronic recurrent patellofemoral dislocations, with extreme cases often requiring a surgical procedure. Anteromedialization of the tibial tubercle with intraoperative femoral nerve stimulation and concurrent medial patella-femoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a previously reported method of maximizing patello-femoral congruency. We hypothesize the Fulkerson osteotomy with intraoperative femoral nerve stimulation and concurrent MPFL reconstruction in patients with severe trochlear dysplasia provides equivalent postoperative clinical outcomes to the same procedure in patients with low level trochlear dysplasia.48 knees underwent Fulkerson osteotomy with intraoperative femoral nerve stimulation and concurrent MPFL reconstruction for recurrent lateral patellar dislocations. MRI, surgeon intraoperative assessment, and X-ray were used to assess degrees of trochlear dysplasia; inter-observer and intra-observer error were measured. The knees positive for severe dysplasia on MRI, intraoperative assessment, and X-ray were considered as a comparison cohort to the rest of the study population. We considered postoperative dislocation events and patellar tracking kinematics as outcome measures. Independent student t tests and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate differences between groups. Significance was set at P 0.999). Patellar maltracking decreased in both groups and there were no significant differences in estimates of patellofemoral congruency between the SD (2/11) and LD (8/37) (P>0.999) groups.The Fulkerson osteotomy with femoral nerve stimulation aimed at maximizing patellofemoral congruency may be an equally effective procedure for patients with either severe or mild trochlear dysplasia.Level III, Retrospective comparative study.