cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Attentional Control in the Aging Brain

A growing body of literature provides evidence for the prophylactic influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive decline in older adults. This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and recruitment of the neural circuits involved in an attentional control task in a group of healthy older adults. Employing a version of the Stroop task, we examined whether higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with an increase in activation in cortical regions responsible for imposing attentional control along with an up-regulation of activity in sensory brain regions that process task-relevant representations. Higher fitness levels were associated with better behavioral performance and an increase in the recruitment of prefrontal and parietal cortices in the most challenging condition, thus providing evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with an increase in the recruitment of the anterior processing regions. There was a top-down modulation of extrastriate visual areas that process both task-relevant and task-irrelevant attributes relative to the baseline. However, fitness was not associated with differential activation in the posterior processing regions, suggesting that fitness enhances attentional function by primarily influencing the neural circuitry of anterior cortical regions. This study provides novel evidence of a differential association of fitness with anterior and posterior brain regions, shedding further light onto the neural changes accompanying cardiorespiratory fitness.
Axial Pattern Flaps in Small Animal Practice

Axial pattern flaps are pedicle grafts that incorporate a direct cutaneous artery and vein in their base. Axial pattern flaps have better circulation compared with pedicle grafts, whose circulation is derived from the subdermal plexus alone (subdermal plexus flaps). As a result, axial pattern flaps of considerable dimension have the potential for single-stage development and transfer to cover large cutaneous defects. Development and clinical application of the following axial pattern flaps is discussed in this article: the omocervical axial pattern flap, thoracodorsal axial pattern flap, brachial axial pattern flap, caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern. flap, deep circumflex iliac axial pattern flap (dorsal and ventral branches), and genicular axial pattern flap.
Successful reproduction of Penaeus monodon following hypersaline culture

Penaeus monodon post-larvae of Malaysian origin (n=200) were cultured to adulthood (average weight, 90.2 g males, 125.8 g females) with the final six months of growout conducted at salinity ranging from 38–52 ppt. Upon transfer from a hypersaline earthen pond to an indoor maturation laboratory, broodstock were drab olive in color and exhibited no ovarian development even though growth had averaged 2.5 g/week and 3.9 g/week for males and females, respectively. Adults were acclimated to oceanic salinity (35 ppt) in a laboratory recirculating seawater system and unilaterally eyestalk ablated after two days. For two weeks, all shed exoskeletons of females were dissected to determine presence of spermatophores. Results of dissections and light microscope evaluation of sperm indicated all females (n=20) had mated under the hypersaline pond conditions prior to transfer to the laboratory. Sperm appeared morphologically normal. After three to four weeks of exposure to oceanic salinity under laboratory conditions, strong brown and black markings on the exoskeleton were exhibited by the broodstock, and frequent ovarian development followed. The first female was isolated for spawning five weeks after eyestalk ablation, and a high frequency of spawning was achieved beginning 6–8 weeks after eyestalk ablation. In the final six weeks of observation, an average of 7.6% to 9.0% of females spawned nightly. Mean number of eggs per spawn was 315,000±28,920 (s.e.), with 195,000±24,400 nauplii per spawn and 59.6% hatch (n=60). Of significance, it was observed that 20% of females produced 67.7% of total nauplii production and 30% either died or did not spawn during 98 days of observation. The variable performance among females suggests that there are differential contributions among members of a population to the gene pool, and that culling and replacement of low-producing females in a breeding population can increase nauplii production.
Transformed rat tracheal epithelial cells exhibit alterations in transforming growth factor‐β secretion and responsiveness

The purpose of our studies was to define abnormalities in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) system of transformed rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells that might cause their abnormal growth behavior. We found that many, but not all, of the transformed cell lines were hyporesponsive or unresponsive to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF-beta 1. Scatchard and receptor cross-linking analyses indicated that loss of TGF-beta 1 responsiveness of transformed cells was probably not due to changes in receptor number or affinity, or to changes in expression of the three TGF-beta-binding protein subtypes. Transformed cells were found to secrete far less TGF-beta-like activity (less than 1/10) than primary cells. Cultured normal and transformed RTE cells expressed three TGF-beta 1 transcripts of 2.5, 1.9, and 1.4 kb. In contrast, rat kidney tissue, a rat embryo fibroblast cell line, and a rat liver cell line expressed only the typical 2.5-kb mRNA transcript commonly reported in the literature. In spite of the marked differences in TGF-beta secretion between normal and transformed cells, their levels of TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression were similar. This suggests a change in the posttranscriptional regulation of TGF-beta 1 expression. TGF-beta 2 message was not detected in either normal or transformed RTE cells in culture. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal growth behavior of transformed RTE cells is at least in part due to disturbances of the TGF-beta system.
Cholesterol and Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Inflammatory Mediators of Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis causing heart attack and stroke is the leading cause of death in the modern world. Therapy for end-stage atherosclerotic disease using CD34+ hematopoietic cells has shown promise in human clinical trials, and the in vivo function of hematopoietic and progenitor cells in atherogenesis is becoming apparent. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol is a modifiable risk factor in atherosclerosis, but in many patients cholesterol levels are only mildly elevated. Those with high cholesterol levels often have elevated circulating monocyte and neutrophil counts. How cholesterol affects inflammatory cell levels was not well understood. Recent findings have provided new insight into the interaction among hematopoietic stem cells, cholesterol, and atherosclerosis. In mice, high cholesterol levels or inactivation of cholesterol efflux transporters have multiple effects on hematopoietic stem cells (HSPCs), including promoting their mobilization into the bloodstream, increasing proliferation, and differentiating HSPCs to the inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils that participate in atherosclerosis. Increased levels of interleukin-23 (IL-23) stimulate IL-17 production, resulting in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion, which subsequently leads to HSPC release into the bloodstream. Collectively, these findings clearly link elevated cholesterol levels to increased circulating HSPC levels and differentiation to inflammatory cells that participate in atherosclerosis. Seminal questions remain to be answered to understand how cholesterol affects HSPC-mobilizing cytokines and the role they play in atherosclerosis. Translation of findings in animal models to human subjects may include HSPCs as new targets for therapy to prevent or regress atherosclerosis in patients
A finite element penalty algorithm for the parabolic Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent three-dimensional flow

Abstract The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations governing steady, turbulent subsonic flows have been simplified into the ‘parabolic’ form using a formal order of magnitude analysis procedure. The results of this analysis confirm that the transverse momentum equations, to first order, govern appropriate pressure distributions and that the continuity equation governs first-order effects of transverse plane momenta. This paper reviews the identification of a well-posed, initial-boundary-value differential equation description and construction and evaluation of a numerical solution algorithm for the parabolic Navier-Stokes equations in physical variables. Numerical results for a broad problem class range in fluid mechanics are summarized, highlighting the versatility and accuracy of the algorithm.
Mental-health services for refugee women and children in Africa: A call for activism and advocacy

EnglishThis article calls for activism in the provision of mental-health services for refugee women and children in Africa. African social work educators, practitioners and the international community are being asked to advocate for supplying mental-health services for the vulnerable African refugee population.FrenchCet article lance un appel a l'activisme et aux plaidoyers en vue de procurer des services en santementale pour les femmes et les enfants refugies en Afrique. Les educateurs en travail social, les praticiens et la communaute internationale sont appeles a appuyer la cause des populations refugiees africaines vulnerables, afin de leur fournir des services en santementale.SpanishSe hace un llamamiento al activismo y a la defensa de provisio n de servicios de salud mental para mujeres y ninos africanos refugiados. Se pide a los educadores del trabajo social en Africa, los profesionales y la comunidad internacional que apoyen la provisio n de servicios de salud mental a los refugiados africanos.
On the calculation of Franck-Condon overlap integrals

Abstract A simple asymptotic equation is derived which describes the overlap integrals between the eigenfunctions of two harmonic oscillators, in particular between the ground state eigenfunction of one of the oscillators and the excited state eigenfunctions of the other oscillator. The equation is derived for large values of the quantum number n and it gives excellent agreement with the exact values if n is sufficiently large ( n > 10) and if the displacement between the two oscillators is not too small.
Congeneric Serpentine and Nonserpentine Shrubs Differ More in Leaf Ca:Mg than in Tolerance of Low N, Low P, or Heavy Metals

Serpentine soils limit plant growth by NPK deficiencies, low Ca availability, excess Mg, and high heavy metal levels. In this study, three congeneric serpentine and nonserpentine evergreen shrub species pairs were grown in metalliferous serpentine soil with or without NPKCa fertilizer to test which soil factors most limit biomass production and mineral nutrition responses. Fertilization increased biomass production and allocation to leaves while decreasing allocation to roots in both serpentine and nonserpentine species. Simultaneous increases in biomass and leaf N:P ratios in fertilized plants of all six species suggest that N is more limiting than P in this serpentine soil. Neither N nor P concentrations, however, nor root to shoot translocation of these nutrients, differed significantly between serpentine and nonserpentine congeners. All six species growing in unfertilized serpentine soil translocated proportionately more P to leaves compared to fertilized plants, thus maintaining foliar P. Leaf Ca:Mg molar ratios of the nonserpentine species were generally equal to that of the soil. The serpentine species, however, maintained significantly higher leaf Ca:Mg than both their nonserpentine counterparts and the soil. Elevated leaf Ca:Mg in the serpentine species was achieved by selective Ca transport and/or Mg exclusion operating at the root-to-shoot translocation level, as root Ca and Mg concentrations did not differ between serpentine and nonserpentine congeners. All six species avoided shoot toxicity of heavy metals by root sequestration. The comparative data on nutrient deficiencies, leaf Ca:Mg, and heavy metal sequestration suggest that the ability to maintain high leaf Ca:Mg is a key evolutionary change needed for survival on serpentine soil and represents the physiological feature distinguishing the serpentine shrub species from their nonserpentine congeners. The results also suggest that high leaf Ca:Mg is achieved in these serpentine species by selective translocation of Ca and/or inhibited transport of Mg from roots, rather than by uptake/exclusion at root surfaces.
Eye Scan Patterns of Experienced and Novice Pilots during Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Navigation

Electronic 3-D maps are becoming more widely accepted as replacements for traditional maps in the cockpit. As this transition occurs, we must determine how these electronic maps can be most effecti...
Psychosocial problems and recruitment of incentive neurocircuitry: exploring individual differences in healthy adolescents

Maturational differences in brain responsiveness to rewards have been implicated in the increased rates of injury and death in adolescents from behavior-related causes. However, much of this morbidity is related to drug intoxication or other externalizing behaviors, and may be concentrated in a subset of adolescents who are at psychosocial or neurobiological risk. To examine whether individual differences in psychosocial and behavioral symptomatology relate to activation of motivational neurocircuitry, we scanned 26 psychiatrically healthy adolescents using fMRI as they performed a monetary incentive delay task. Overall Problem Density on the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-OPD) correlated positively with activation of ventral mesofrontal cortex (mFC) during anticipation of responding for rewards (vs responding for no incentive). In addition, DUSI-OPD correlated positively with right ventral striatum recruitment during anticipation of responding to win rewards (vs responding for no incentive or to avoid losses of identical magnitudes). Finally, a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that increased connectivity between nucleus accumbens and portions of anterior cingulate and mFC as a function of reward prospects also correlated with DUSI-OPD. These findings extend previous reports demonstrating that in adolescents, individual differences in reactivity of motivational neurocircuitry relate to different facets of impulsivity or externalizing behaviors.
Synergistic action of Russell viper venom and tissue thromboplastin extracts.

SummaryAs measured by one-stage prothrombin time, mixtures of various body tissues may have thromboplastin activity greater than that of either of the tissues in the mixture. A marked synergistic action as to thromboplastin activity occurs between body tissue extracts and Russell viper venom. This effect is absent if the plasma lacks either prothrombin or labile factor (factor V). The thromboplastin activity of Russell viper venom is not influenced by the lack of stable factor (factor VII) in contrast to the high sensitivity observed with rabbit brain thromboplastin.
The thermo-mechanical behavior of 6061 aluminiummagnesiumsilicon alloy☆

Abstract The strength of age hardening aluminummagnesiumsilicon alloy 6061 has been analyzed in terms of thermally activated dislocation motion. Petinent models for the athermal component of the flow stress were modified for application to the needle-shaped GP zones in this alloy because existing treatments have been developed and evaluated only for spherical or disk-shaped zones. The results of that step were combined with an equation for the kinetics of aging to produce a relation which could be compared with experiment. Results indicate that the athermal flow stress is controlled primarily by the work required for dislocations to shear through the GP zones. It is shown that the thermal component of the flow stress cannot be adequately explained either by long range elastic stresses at the zones, or by the mechanism of jog formation at intersecting dislocations. Instead, the shear of GP zones contributes significantly to the thermally activated flow stress. The measured thermal stress component is compared with the predictions of a model which is physically consistent with the mechanism for the athermal stress, and the contributions of compatibility slip and dislocation bowing are taken into account.
Control and estimation through cognitive radio with distributed and dynamic spectral activity

Cognitive radio systems are currently a popular topic and are a good prospect for research when combined with control technology. In this paper, we consider the control and estimation via a two switch model which can represent a cognitive radio system. We provide an optimal estimator for this model and demonstrate that the optimal LQG controller is not a linear gain of the estimate of the states, as well as showing how the separation principle does not hold. Several conditions of stability are also discussed. Numerical examples are provided to verify the results.
Medical student indebtedness and the propensity to enter academic medicine

This paper considers the potential impact of medical school indebtedness and other variables on the propensity of US doctors to enter academic medicine. Probit models provide some evidence that indebtedness reduces the likelihood that physicians will choose academic medicine as their primary activity. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this effect is not large. As indebtedness may be endogenous, the probits are rerun using an instrumental variables approach. These estimates imply that over time indebtedness may have an important impact on the propensity of physicians to enter academic medicine.
Optical properties of black molybdenum: Dependence on cermet composition, topology and surface texture

Abstract Black molybdenum, a cermet consisting of small molybdenum particles embedded in MoO 2 , was prepared using two separate chemical vapor deposition techniques involving deposition from either Mo(CO) 6 or MoO 2 Cl 2 . Through the application of the theory of bounds placed on the effective dielectric function of two- phase materials, the spectral reflectance of these two types of black molybdenum was modelled over the range of the experimental modifications of the fractional composition. The theory, which does not require detailed microstructural characterization, qualitatively reproduces the differences in the optical properties of the two types of black molybdenum, as well as the changes in these properties through compositional modifications. The spectral selectivity of black molybdenum of either type, which suggests its application for photothermal solar energy conversion, is also reproduced by the theory. Quantitative agreement between experiment and theory is obtained through a consideration of the film surface texture.
Quantum computers that can be simulated classically in polynomial time

A model of quantum computation based on unitary matrix operations was introduced by Feynman and Deutsch. It has been asked whether the power of this model exceeds that of classical Turing machines. We show here that a significant class of these quantum computations can be simulated classically in polynomial time. In particular we show that two-bit operations characterized by 4 \times 4 matrices in which the sixteen entries obey a set of five polynomial relations can be composed according to certain rules to yield a class of circuits that can be simulated classically in polynomial time. This contrasts with the known universality of two-bit operations, and demonstrates that efficient quantum computation of restricted classes is reconcilable with the Polynomial Time Turing Hypothesis. In other words it is possible that quantum phenomena can be used in a scalable fashion to make computers but that they do not have superpolynomial speedups compared to Turing machines for any problem. The techniques introduced bring the quantum computational model within the realm of algebraic complexity theory. In a manner consistent will one view of quantum physics, the wave function is simulated deterministically, and randomization arises only in the course of making measurements. The results generalize the quantum model in that they do not require the matrices to be unitary. In a different direction these techniques also yield deterministic polynomial time algorithms for the decision and parity problems for certain classes of read-twice Boolean formulae. All our results are based on the use of gates that are defined in terms of their graph matching properties.
A remark on the global embedding problem for three-dimensional CR manifolds

Examples are constructed of compact strictly pseudoconvex real analytic three-dimensional CR manifolds which admit no nonconstant CR functions. Also, the embedding problem for certain CR manifolds is shown to be related to a result of Hadamard on immersed convex hypersurfaces in Rn. Let M be a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold. We wish to consider the problem of whether or not M admits a CR embedding into complex Euclidean space Cn for some n; this amounts to asking whether or not M has a sufficiently rich collection of global CR functions. Boutet de Monvel has shown that the answer to this question is always positive when dim M > 5 [BM]. In the case dim M = 3 it is known that in general M may not be even locally embeddable [N] (see also [JT, Ku]); furthermore, examples have been given which show that even when the CR structure on M is real analytic so that the local problem is solvable it can happen that the global CR functions on M fail to separate points of M [B] (see also [R, AS]). The purpose of this note is to present a very simple class of examples of threedimensional strictly pseudoconvex compact real analytic CR manifolds which are not globally embeddable into any Cn. Indeed, most of these examples do not admit any nonconstant global CR functions; it seems reasonable to guess that this situation is typical also in greater generality. The examples are presented in ?1 below. In ?2 we see that our inability to produce higher-dimensional examples by the same technique is related to a result of Hadamard which states that any immersed compact hypersurface in R' (n > 3) with positive principal curvatures must actually be embedded [S, 111, pp. 94-96, IV, pp. 121-122]. Examples similar to those presented below were known earlier to Harvey and Lawson (for nonpseudoconvex CR manifolds) [HL] and to Bedford and Dadok (for complex manifolds) [BD]. Also, I wish to thank C. Epstein for helpful conversations. 1. CR structures on T3. Let (xl, x2, X3) be coordinates on the 3-torus i3 (DR/2-xZ)3. A CR structure on T' which is invariant under rotations of the first two coordinates is given by a complex vector field L = e(X3) + ?(X3) 2+ a(X3) Received by the editors December 16, 1986. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 32F30.
Timely monitoring of partially observable stochastic systems

Ensuring the correct behavior of cyber physical systems at run time is of critical importance for their safe deployment. Any malfunctioning of such systems should be detected in a timely manner for further actions. This paper addresses the issue of how quickly a monitor raises an alarm after the occurrence of a failure in cyber physical systems. Towards this end, it introduces a class of systems called exponentially converging monitorable systems. The paper shows that failures in these systems can be detected fast by employing the traditional threshold monitors. It shows that the expected failure detection time for exponentially converging monitorable systems has logarithmic relationship with the inverse of the chosen threshold value. The paper identifies well defined natural classes of these systems. Experimental results are presented that confirm the theoretical results on the relationship between the failure detection time and the chosen threshold values.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety as unique predictors of pain-related outcomes following burn injury.

Background: The adverse consequences of burn injuries include pain and psychological distress, which show bidirectional associations. However, much of the existing research has relied on global measures of distress that do not separate distinct symptoms of anxiety and depression.Purpose: The purpose is to assess the prospective effects of anxiety and depression on pain and functional outcomes following burn injury.Methods: This article describes a 2-year cohort study in patients hospitalized for serious burn injuries (assessments at discharge and 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up). Linear mixed effects analyses were conducted to model anxiety and depression’s unique longitudinal effects; at each time point, depressive and anxiety symptoms were studied as predictors of subsequent changes in pain, fatigue, and physical function.Results: When studied in separate prediction models, both depression and anxiety were strong prospective predictors of greater pain, more fatigue, and physical dysfunction at the subsequent time point (ps<.01). However, when both were included in a single model to study their unique effects, depressive symptoms (but not anxiety) emerged as a signfiicant predictor of subsequent increases in pain and reductions in physical functioning, whereas anxiety (but not depression) predicted subsequent elevations in fatigue.Conclusions: These findings suggest potentially distinct effects of depression and anxiety and imply that assessment and early treatment of both depressive and anxiety symptoms may help improve a broad range of long-term pain-related outcomes following burn inury.
Cytokine-induced gene expression at the crossroads of innate immunity, inflammation and fertility: TSG-6 and PTX3/TSG-14.

Two cytokine-inducible gene products, important in inflammation and infection, also play essential roles in female fertility. One of these is the product of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), alternatively termed TNFAIP6 (for TNF-α-induced protein 6), originally cloned from diploid human fibroblasts stimulated with TNF. The second is pentraxin 3 (PTX3), also termed TSG-14, originally isolated from TNF-stimulated human fibroblasts and from interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated vascular endothelial cells. TSG-6, which specifically binds to hyaluronan (HA) and to inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), shows potent anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammation, notably in several models of autoimmune arthritis. PTX3 was shown to play an important role in resistance to fungal infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. Both TSG-6 and PTX3 are synthesized in the ovary prior to ovulation, where they become components of an expanding viscoelastic matrix that surrounds the oocyte before its release from the follicle at the ovarian surface. Female mice with a targeted disruption of either the TSG-6 or PTX3 gene show severe defects in fertility.
A possible explanation of “bamboo waves” in core-annular flow of two liquids

We derive a perturbed KdV equation to model interfacial waves in viscous two-layer flows. We tentatively speculate that solutions of such an equation might be related to “bamboo waves” observed in recent experiments.
Fourier analysis for probabilistic communication complexity

We use Fourier analysis to get general lower bounds for the probabilistic communication complexity of large classes of functions. We give some examples showing how to use our method in some known cases and for some new functions. Our main tool is an inequality by Kahn, Kalai, and Linial, derived from two lemmas of Beckner.
Recovery of unavailable perceptual input

Abstract Two experiments on the “recovery effect” are reported. In Exp. I, Ss' recall of a briefly flashed stimulus was tested before and after fantasy generation. Postfantasy recall was greater than prefantasy recall to an extent that significantly exceeded corresponding increases in recall obtained by control Ss. One group of control Ss did not generate fantasy, while the other produced fantasy but copied an experimental S's first recall attempt instead of seeing the stimulus. When the number of responses emitted in postfantasy recall was equalized for all groups, however, the difference in recall increments disappeared between the fantasy and nonfantasy group, suggesting that fantasy augments response rates rather than sensitivity to the stimulus trace. Exp. II confirmed this inference. A recognition indicator with confidence ratings was employed, from which ROC functions were extracted, allowing direct measures of pre- and postfantasy sensitivity. No sensitivity increments were found in either the fantasy or the nonfantasy group, though fantasy affected confidence ratings and, therefore, hit and false alarm rates.
Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Black–White Differences in Preterm and Low-Birthweight Deliveries: The CARDIA Study

Objectives. We examined the effects of self-reported experiences of racial discrimination on Black–White differences in preterm (less than 37 weeks gestation) and low-birthweight (less than 2500 g) deliveries. Methods. Using logistic regression models, we analyzed data on 352 births among women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Results. Among Black women, 50% of those with preterm deliveries and 61% of those with low-birthweight infants reported having experienced racial discrimination in at least 3 situations; among White women, the corresponding percentages were 5% and 0%. The unadjusted odds ratio for preterm delivery among Black versus White women was 2.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.33, 4.85), but this value decreased to 1.88 (95% CI=0.85, 4.12) after adjustment for experiences of racial discrimination and to 1.11 (95% CI=0.51, 2.41) after additional adjustment for alcohol and tobacco use, depression, education, and income. The corresponding odds ratios for low birthweight were 4.24 (95% CI=1.31, 13.67), 2.11 (95% CI=0.75, 5.93), and 2.43 (95% CI=0.79, 7.42). Conclusions. Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination were associated with preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, and such experiences may contribute to Black White disparities in perinatal outcomes.
Efficient skyline computation over low-cardinality domains

Current skyline evaluation techniques follow a common paradigm that eliminates data elements from skyline consideration by finding other elements in the dataset that dominate them. The performance of such techniques is heavily influenced by the underlying data distribution (i.e. whether the dataset attributes are correlated, independent, or anti-correlated). In this paper, we propose the Lattice Skyline Algorithm (LS) that is built around a new paradigm for skyline evaluation on datasets with attributes that are drawn from low-cardinality domains. LS continues to apply even if one attribute has high cardinality. Many skyline applications naturally have such data characteristics, and previous skyline methods have not exploited this property. We show that for typical dimensionalities, the complexity of LS is linear in the number of input tuples. Furthermore, we show that the performance of LS is independent of the input data distribution. Finally, we demonstrate through extensive experimentation on both real and synthetic databsets that LS can results in a significant performance advantage over existing technqiues.
Communication Structures for Large Networks of Microcomputers

This paper compares nine network interconnection schemes and introduces "dual-bus hypercubes," a cost-effective method of connecting thousands of dual-port single-chip microcomputers into a room-sized information processing system, a "network computer." Each network node is a chip containing memory and a pair of processors for tasks and input/output. Nodes are linked by shared communication buses, each conceptually spanning a D-dimensional, W-wide hypercube of N = WD nodes. Each node shares two buses. Each bus is shared by up to W nodes. The number of bus connections per node is fixed to satisfy chip pin limitations.
Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale

This article reports on the development and validation of the Multidimensional Library Anxiety Scale, which was designed to assess six dimensions of an individual’s perception of an academic library and the information search process (ISP). A two-part study was undertaken for the development of the instrument. In part one, twenty-one participants completed a pilot questionnaire that assisted the researcher in developing the instrument. In part two, 278 participants completed a revised questionnaire consisting of a 54-item Likert-type scale that assessed levels of library anxiety experienced by students enrolled in a doctoral degree–granting program at an urban southeastern university.
Reevaluation of plastic tubings currently used in medical and paramedical applications.

A tissue culture test and a 7 day implantation method in rabbits were used to screen the toxic potential of 50 tubings used in one or more medical or paramedical applications. Results of the tests revealed that approximately 32% of the tubings contained one or more ingredients which, when released to cells or tissue, caused a toxic response. A similar study six years previously showed that 52% of the tubings tested had toxic potential. It is apparent that improvements have been made in the medical tubings (from point of view of safety), but steps must still be taken to reduce the potential risk to levels approaching zero.
Time-domain study of proximity-effect induced transition shifts

An accurate time-domain technique for measuring the proximity-effect-induced nonlinear transition shift has been developed, and this technique is applied to the case of a thin-film inductive head writing on a metal-film disk of high coercivity and high coercive squareness. Significant proximity shift at high densities is shown, even when the writeability may be considered good by overwrite and hard transition shift criteria. Furthermore, many basic properties of the proximity shift have been clearly resolved by the experiments, including the attractive and long-range nature of the proximity shift, the presence of ripple structures at low densities, and the nonlinear interactions between the proximity shift and the hard transition effect. Modeling studies have also been used to obtain a good understanding of these properties, and the theoretical results show good qualitative agreement with the experimental proximity-shift behavior.
Automated annotation of Drosophila gene expression patterns using a controlled vocabulary

Motivation: Regulation of gene expression in space and time directs its localization to a specific subset of cells during development. Systematic determination of the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene expression plays an important role in understanding the regulatory networks driving development. An atlas for the gene expression patterns of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been created by whole-mount in situ hybridization, and it documents the dynamic changes of gene expression pattern during Drosophila embryogenesis. The spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression are integrated by anatomical terms from a controlled vocabulary linking together intermediate tissues developed from one another. Currently, the terms are assigned to patterns manually. However, the number of patterns generated by high-throughput in situ hybridization is rapidly increasing. It is, therefore, tempting to approach this problem by employing computational methods. Results: In this article, we present a novel computational framework for annotating gene expression patterns using a controlled vocabulary. In the currently available high-throughput data, annotation terms are assigned to groups of patterns rather than to individual images. We propose to extract invariant features from images, and construct pyramid match kernels to measure the similarity between sets of patterns. To exploit the complementary information conveyed by different features and incorporate the correlation among patterns sharing common structures, we propose efficient convex formulations to integrate the kernels derived from various features. The proposed framework is evaluated by comparing its annotation with that of human curators, and promising performance in terms of F1 score has been reported. Contact: jieping.ye@asu.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The self-reconfiguring robotic molecule

We discuss a robotic module called a molecule. Molecules can be the basis for building self-reconfiguring robots. They support multiple modalities of locomotion and manipulation. We describe the design, functionality, and control of the molecule. We show how a set of molecules can aggregate as active three-dimensional structures that can move and change shape. Finally, we discuss our molecule experiments.
Identifying Key Components for an Effective Case Report Poster: An Observational Study

BACKGROUND Residents demonstrate scholarly activity by presenting posters at academic meetings. Although recommendations from national organizations are available, evidence identifying which components are most important is not.
World Music Resources

Access to world music resources such as videos and sound recordings have increased with the advent of YouTube and the efforts of music educators working closely with ethnomusicologists to provide more detailed visual and audio information about various musical practices. This column discusses some world music resources available for music educators, including print, DVD, CD, and Internet sources.
The usefulness of genotyping cytochrome P450 enzymes in the treatment of depression.

Introduction: Pharmacogenomics, which is derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and pharmacogenetics, which involves candidate gene association studies (CGASs), are proving increasingly useful in personalized cancer care. Research in psychiatric applications has primarily involved genetic polymorphisms of P450 CYP enzymes, which mediate oxidative metabolism, particularly CYP2D6, which is involved in the metabolism of at least 30 psychotropic medications. This work has been supplemented by genotyping of proteins for the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), serotonin receptors, and the serotonin reuptake pump.Areas covered: This review covers principles of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, previous analyses of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies, newer studies of the predictive value of genetic testing in the treatment of depression, obstacles to implementation of genetic testing in predicting treatment response and side effects, and suggestions for future research.Expert opin...
Distance Education Leadership for the New Century.

A new role for the professoriate in the new millennium has been recognized and encouraged, especially as technology-assisted instruction has proliferated and changed the way teachers and students interact, as well as the manner in which educational entities must now do business to meet the demands of a digitized society. The literature describing the rapid evolution of distance education delivery systems over the past twenty years has frequently categorized it into three stages, from correspondence education, to technology-assisted education and, more recently, networked education. Although all three remain, and there are variants on each of these models, the theme is consistent that we are now witnessing dramatic changes in how instruction is designed and delivered across time and space. As this dynamic becomes more frequent and more pervasive, faculty have been admonished to be more receptive and adaptive to opportunities for playing exciting new roles in the distance education arena.
Improving Job Tenure Outcomes for People with Disabilities The 3M Model

The need for job retention services in rehabilitation is clearly indicated in statistics on unemployment and job loss rates for people with disabilities. In this article, information is provided on a three-part job retention model (the 3M model) containing the constructs of match, maturity, and mastery. The thesis of the article is that individuals with disabilities are more likely to retain employment when rehabilitation counselors provide retention services compatible with the 3Ms. Counselors can help people with disabilities (a) establish the prerequisite job—person match, (b) meet career maturity challenges, and (c) demonstrate mastery of novel workplace problems.
Human embryonic, fetal, and adult hemoglobins have different subunit interface strengths. Correlation with lifespan in the red cell

The different types of naturally occurring, normal human hemoglobins vary in their tetramer-dimer subunit interface strengths (stabilities) by three orders of magnitude in the liganded (CO or oxy) state. The presence of embryonic zeta-subunits leads to an average 20-fold weakening of tetramer-dimer interfaces compared to corresponding hemoglobins containing adult alpha-subunits. The dimer-monomer interfaces of these hemoglobins differ by at least 500-fold in their strengths; such interfaces are weak if they contain zeta-subunits and exchange with added beta-subunits in the form of beta(4) (HbH) significantly faster than do those with alpha-subunits. Subunit exchange occurs at the level of the dimer, although tetramer formation reciprocally influences the amount of dimer available for exchange. Competition between subunit types occurs so that pairs of weak embryonic hemoglobins can exchange subunits to form the stronger fetal and adult hemoglobins. The dimer strengths increase in the order Hb Portland-2 (zeta(2)beta(2)) fetal --> adult), suggesting that the intrinsic binding properties of the subunits themselves regarding the strengths of interfaces they form with competing subunits play an important role in the dynamics of protein assemblies and networks.
77-Year-Old Man With Hypothyroidism, Right Upper Quadrant Pain, and Diarrhea

77-year-old man with a history of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, and obstructive sleep apnea presented with a 2-year history of postprandial right upper quadrant and epigastric pain. He had not had a gastrointestinal work-up previously and had received only symptomatic treatments. His right upper quadrant discomfort was associated with eating. He presented after a recurrent acute episode of severe right upper quadrant pain that lasted “several hours,” which had improved but not completely resolved. On presentation, the patient’s vital signs were within normal limits. Physical examination revealed an obese man in noacutedistresswithminimalepigastrictenderness on palpation. His medications included aspirin, calcium-vitamin D, cyanocobalamin, furosemide, levothyroxine, lisinopril, metoprolol succinate, naproxen, niacin, fish oil, omeprazole, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Initial laboratory testing including a complete blood cell count, metabolic profile, and measurement of aminotransferase, bilirubin, and amylase levels yielded normal results.
Examples Built with D+M, A+XB[X] and other Pullback Constructions

It is likely that many of the readers of this article first encountered a study of pairs of domains which have a common nonzero ideal in the exercises of R. Gilmer’s book on multiplicative ideal theory [37] (or [38]). Others may have encountered them in Appendix 2 of the original Queen’s Notes version of the same book [36], or in A. Seidenberg’s second paper on the dimension of polynomial rings [53]. Basically in all three, the concentration is on first beginning with a valuation domain V which can be written in the form K + M, then considering subrings of V which are of the form D + M where D is a domain which is contained in K. One use for such a construction is to give examples of valuation domains of larger and larger dimensions. For example, the discrete rank one valuation domain V = K[x](X) can also be written as V = K + xK[x](X) If (by chance or construction) K is equal to F(Y) for some field F and indeterminate y, then W = F + YF[Y](Y) is a discrete rank one valuation domain with quotient field K and W + x K[x](X) is a discrete rank two valuation domain with the same quotient field as V, namely, K(x). In [53], the purpose is to show that for each pair of positive integers n and m where n + l<m<2n + l, there is an integrally closed quasilocal domain R such that dim(R) = n and dim(R[x]) = m. Through the years, many authors have used this “classical” D + M construction to construct integral domains with various desired and/or undesired properties.
Acoustic Aposematism and Evasive Action in Select Chemically Defended Arctiine (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Species: Nonchalant or Not?

Tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae) have experienced intense selective pressure from echolocating, insectivorous bats for over 65 million years. One outcome has been the evolution of acoustic signals that advertise the presence of toxins sequestered from the moths’ larval host plants, i.e. acoustic aposematism. Little is known about the effectiveness of tiger moth anti-bat sounds in their natural environments. We used multiple infrared cameras to reconstruct bat-moth interactions in three-dimensional (3-D) space to examine how functional sound-producing organs called tymbals affect predation of two chemically defended tiger moth species: Pygarctia roseicapitis (Arctiini) and Cisthene martini (Lithosiini). P. roseicapitis and C. martini with intact tymbals were 1.8 and 1.6 times less likely to be captured by bats relative to those rendered silent. 3-D flight path and acoustic analyses indicated that bats actively avoided capturing sound-producing moths. Clicking behavior differed between the two tiger moth species, with P. roseicapitis responding in an earlier phase of bat attack. Evasive flight behavior in response to bat attacks was markedly different between the two tiger moth species. P. roseicapitis frequently paired evasive dives with aposematic sound production. C. martini were considerably more nonchalant and employed evasion in fewer interactions. Our results show that acoustic aposematism is effective at deterring bat predation in a natural context and that this strategy is likely to be the ancestral function of tymbal organs within the Arctiinae.
Isolation and chemical characterization of Δ5,7,24-cholestatrien-3β-ol from pig tissues

Although indirect evidence has implicated Delta(5,7,24)-cholestatrien-3-ol as a possible intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis, this sterol has not previously been isolated from tissues. Administration of two inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis to pigs led to the accumulation of Delta(5,7,24)-cholestatrien-3-ol in the tissues, and this sterol was isolated from the lung. Proof of its chemical identity was based upon UV, IR, NMR, circular dichroism, and mass spectra, as well as comparison with synthetic Delta(5,7,24)-cholestatrien-3-ol. A fragment at m/e 143 is particularly prominent in the mass spectrum of Delta(5,7)-sterols, and this fact may prove useful for the detection of this functional group. It is proposed that Delta(5,7,24)-cholestatrien-3-ol may be an intermediate in sterol biosynthesis in both animals and plants.
Interpolation of Morrey Spaces

Now we turn our attention to interpolation of linear operators on Morrey spaces, say $$\displaystyle{ T: L^{p,\lambda }\longrightarrow L^{q,\mu } }$$ for various p, q, λ, and μ; 1 < p, q < ∞, 0 < λ, μ < n.