cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BluePass: A Secure Hand-Free Password Manager

With the growing number of online accounts a user possesses, managing passwords has been unprecedentedly challenging. Users are prone to sacrifice security for usability, leaving their accounts vulnerable to various attacks. While replacing text-based password with a new universally applicable authentication scheme still seems unlikely in the foreseeable future, password managers have emerged to help users managing their passwords. However, state-of-the-art cloud based password managers are vulnerable to data breach and a master password becomes a single point of failure. To address these security vulnerabilities, we propose BluePass, a password manager that stores the password vault (i.e., the set of all the encrypted site passwords of a user) locally in a mobile device and a decryption key to the vault in the user computer. BluePass partially inherits the security characteristics of 2-Factor authentication by requiring both a mobile device and a master password to retrieve and decrypt the site passwords. BluePass leverages short-range nature of Bluetooth to automatically retrieve site passwords and fill the login fields, providing a hand-free user experience. Thus, BluePass enhances both security and usability. We implement a BluePass prototype in Android and Google Chrome platforms and evaluate its efficacy in terms of security, usability, and overhead.
Atypical cytochrome p450 kinetics: implications for drug discovery.

The Michaelis-Menten model is commonly used to estimate a drug’s potential in vivo hepatic clearance based on in vitro data obtained during drug discovery and development. This paradigm assumes that the drug obeys ‘typical’ enzyme kinetics and thus can be described by this model. However, it is increasingly being recognised that a number of drugs metabolised not only by the cytochrome P450 enzymes but also by other enzymes and transporters can exhibit atypical kinetic profiles, and thus are not accurately modeled with the Michaelis-Menten model. Application of an incorrect model can then lead to mis-estimation of in vitro intrinsic clearance and thus affect the prediction of in vivo clearance. This review discusses several types of atypical kinetic profiles that may be observed, including examples of homotropic cooperativity (i.e. sigmoidal kinetics, biphasic kinetics and substrate inhibition kinetics) as well as heterotropic cooperativity (i.e. activation). Application of the incorrect kinetic model may profoundly affect estimations of intrinsic clearance. For example, incorrectly applying the Michaelis-Menten model to a kinetic profile exhibiting substrate inhibition kinetics will result in an underestimation of Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) and Vmax (maximal velocity), whereas application of the Michaelis-Menten model to sigmoidal kinetic data typically results in an overestimation of Km and Vmax at the lower substrate concentrations that are typically therapeutically relevant. One must also be careful of potential artefactual causes of atypical kinetic profiles, such as enzyme activation by solvents, buffer dependent kinetic profiles, or altered kinetic parameter estimates due to nonspecific binding of the substrate to proteins. Despite a plethora of data on the effects of atypical kinetic profiles in vitro, only modest effects have been noted in vivo (with the exception of substrate dependent inhibition). Thus, the clinical relevance of these phenomena remains inconclusive.
Gene essentiality landscape and druggable oncogenic dependencies in herpesviral primary effusion lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Our understanding of PEL is poor and therefore treatment strategies are lacking. To address this need, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens in eight PEL cell lines. Integration with data from unrelated cancers identifies 210 genes as PEL-specific oncogenic dependencies. Genetic requirements of PEL cell lines are largely independent of Epstein-Barr virus co-infection. Genes of the NF-κB pathway are individually non-essential. Instead, we demonstrate requirements for IRF4 and MDM2. PEL cell lines depend on cellular cyclin D2 and c-FLIP despite expression of viral homologs. Moreover, PEL cell lines are addicted to high levels of MCL1 expression, which are also evident in PEL tumors. Strong dependencies on cyclin D2 and MCL1 render PEL cell lines highly sensitive to palbociclib and S63845. In summary, this work comprehensively identifies genetic dependencies in PEL cell lines and identifies novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Application of Path-Goal and Transformational Leadership Theory to Improve Patient and Provider Satisfaction with APP-Led Survivorship Care: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Introduction A limited number of survivorship models have been implemented following theoretical frameworks to promote patient and provider satisfaction. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to evaluate both parties' satisfaction with a newly implemented advanced practice provider (APP) led survivorship visit and apply theoretical principles of Path-Goal (PG) and Transformational Leadership (TL) to enhance outcomes. Methods We surveyed a convenience sample (n = 11) of adult cancer survivors ages 36-75 undergoing survivorship visits at day 100 (n = 5) and at 1 year (n = 6) post stem cell transplant (SCT) and APP's (n = 7) conducting the visits following an interrupted QI design. Satisfaction scores were obtained from both parties using a modified version of the validated Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS). Scores of > 19 were considered satisfying. Additionally, 10-point Likert scales, binary, and open-ended questions were used to assess satisfaction, self-management, and survivorship care plan (SCP) utility. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, reporting median scores and percentages for the most common results. For open-ended questions, qualitative analysis was used to identify themes. Results We found patients were satisfied with the visit (median SAPS 25, range 19-28). Additionally, 100% were very satisfied with the effect of their care, found the SCP useful and reported improved post-visit self-efficacy. Conversely, providers were overall dissatisfied (median SAPS 14, range 6-19). Only 28% were satisfied with care they provided and 42% were dissatisfied with their plans. We also found 42% of providers and 23% of patients were dissatisfied with explanations about post-SCT risks. Furthermore, 29% of providers and 36% of patients were dissatisfied with care planning decisions. Conclusion Our APP-led survivorship model was satisfying for patients. However, provider satisfaction was low. Both parties expressed dissatisfaction with education about post-SCT risks and decisions affecting care planning. Results of a theory based provider intervention to enhance satisfaction will be presented at the 2019 Transplant and Cellular Therapies Meeting in February 2019.
Humidity-tolerant rate-dependent capillary viscous adhesion of bee-collected pollen fluids

We report a two-phase adhesive fluid recovered from pollen, which displays remarkable rate tunability and humidity stabilization at microscopic and macroscopic scales. These natural materials provide a previously-unknown model for bioinspired humidity-stable and dynamically-tunable adhesive materials. In particular, two immiscible liquid phases are identified in bioadhesive fluid extracted from dandelion pollen taken from honey bees: a sugary adhesive aqueous phase similar to bee nectar and an oily phase consistent with plant pollenkitt. Here we show that the aqueous phase exhibits a rate-dependent capillary adhesion attributed to hydrodynamic forces above a critical separation rate. However, the performance of this adhesive phase alone is very sensitive to humidity due to water loss or uptake. Interestingly, the oily phase contributes scarcely to the wet adhesion. Rather, it spreads over the aqueous phase and functions as a barrier to water vapor that tempers the effects of humidity changes and stabilizes the capillary adhesion. When bees carry pollen, it sticks to their legs and it can be carried without being dropped in a range of different humidity conditions. Here the authors find that the adhesive holding the pollen together consists of two phases and the oily phase stabilizes the aqueous phase with respect to humidity changes.
Mechanical Thrombectomy of Acutely Occluded Flow Diverters.

Background Embolization of intracranial aneurysms with the pipeline embolization device (PED; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) is a widely used technique. Despite adequate dual antiplatelet therapy and intraprocedural anticoagulation, in-stent thrombosis has been described. There is limited evidence for best management of this complication. Objective To describe in detail the technique used to perform thrombectomy of a recently placed PED with in-stent thrombosis. The aim of the procedure is to leave the PED in place and only perform thrombectomy of the luminal clot. Methods We describe two cases of successful thrombectomy with a stentriever of acutely occluded PEDs. A total of 2 patients underwent PED embolization of 2 previously clipped aneurysms. Despite optimal deployment of the PEDs and excellent angiographic results, both patients developed symptoms of right hemispheric stroke within 1 h of the procedure. A thrombectomy was performed in each patient with the stentriever within the newly deployed PED. Thrombectomy was successful and there was no evidence of PED displacement of vascular injury. Results Stentriever thrombectomy of intraluminal clot can be performed effectively when the entire stentriever device is deployed within the PED. We did not experience any PED displacement, vessel damage, spasm, or device malfunction using this technique. Conclusion We report the use of a stentriever to perform thrombectomy for in-stent thrombosis after PED placement as an additional treatment option of acute occlusion. This technique has not been previously described.
The Natural History of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Abstract Purpose This article reviews the phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development in terms of the evolution of disease, with a focus on events that occur before the first appearance of clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis. This presynovitis period is defined in individuals who eventually develop classified RA as the pre-RA phase. We include additional discussion of the relevance of this model of RA development to the concept of disease prevention. Methods The information provided in this review was identified through searches of the medical literature through MEDLINE and a review of references from published manuscripts as well as information obtained by the authors through attendance at various conferences and working groups related to pre-RA. Findings It is now well established that RA develops in a series of phases. The first of these phases is believed to be the presence of genetic and/or environmental risk factors for RA in the absence of detectable systemic autoimmunity in the blood. After this phase, autoimmunity may be detectable through a variety of means (eg, autoantibodies, autoreactive cells) in peripheral blood; in addition, there is emerging evidence that perhaps initiation and early propagation of RA-related autoimmunity may occur at mucosal sites. The presence of autoimmunity detectable in the blood through serologic or other testing is followed in most individuals by a propagation phase that is characterized by an expansion of autoimmunity, inflammation, and symptoms. This transition may be associated with similar or different genetic and environmental factors that initially triggered autoimmunity, as well as continued mucosal inflammation and local RA-related autoantibody production. Eventually, clinically detectable inflammatory arthritis develops that can be classified as RA. Implications Understanding the phases of RA development are critical to the development of preventive strategies for this disease.
On racial constitutions and digestive therapeutics

This dialogic piece includes two case studies examining how racial difference figures in digestion, health, and assimilation through the digestive tract. Each study – of Taroena and fecal microbiot...
Effect of solvent polarity on the secondary structure, surface and mechanical properties of biodegradable kafirin films

Abstract Kafirin, the prolamin from sorghum was studied in kafirin only condition and was also dissolved in various concentrations of water/ethanol and water/tertiary butanol solutions with a wide range of polarities and then plasticized and cast into films in order to study the effect of solvent polarity on conformation, mechanical and surface properties of films. Characterization of amino acid sequence led to a kafirin composition consisting of 55% α1, 24% α2, 18%β, 2% γ kafirin sub-units. Further study of the conformation led to a prediction of overall 66.17% α-helix conformation and 30% solvent inaccessible residue for total kafirin protein. Based on the amino acid composition and the total hydrophobicity of each individual amino acids in kafirin, the water contact angle was predicted to be 60°, which is within experimental values reported (55-70° for kafirin films cast from ethanol, 58-82° for films cast from tertiary butanol solvent). The FTIR results coupled with CD results showed that decreasing solvent polarities caused increasing α-helical structure. Kafirin-plasticizer interactions and the solvent inaccessible residue of kafirin influenced the effect of different solvent polarity on the α-helical structure. Films fabricated using water/t-butanol solvent showed higher tensile strength, and elongation at break compared to films fabricated from water/ethanol solvents.
Passive recovery of an urban forest in the Pacific Northwest after removal of invasive plants

Urban natural areas are often heavily invaded by non-native plants. To restore the biodiversity and ecosystem function of these areas, land managers commonly remove invasive species. Partnering with Portland Parks and Recreation, I studied a management-scale removal of Hedera spp., Clematis vitalba, Ilex aquifolium and Prunus laurocerasus from a 59 ha forested natural area in Portland, OR. Over four years, I compared the community composition of this area with contiguous control areas where invasive species remained intact. Hedera, the most abundant invader, was dramatically reduced in removal areas, along with Clematis and Ilex. Both the abundance and the diversity of native herbs and woody seedlings were substantially higher in removal areas, with Claytonia sibirica, Galium spp., Hydrophyllum tenuipes, Trillium ovatum, and Acer macrophyllum seedlings all showing significant increases. By 2015, the minimum native species richness for removal areas was 37, as determined by the Chao 2 estimator, versus 10 native species for control areas. In contrast, native shrubs and ferns showed no increase in response to invasive removal; in fact, control plots typically contained significantly higher stem densities of native shrubs and ferns than removal plots did. Few non-native species recolonized removal areas, except for seedlings of Clematis. Collectively, these results indicate that passive recovery of the herbaceous layer is possible at large scales following invasive species removal, but that active replanting of woody species may be needed. Partnerships between land managers and academic researchers are key to documenting the effects of management-scale removals.
The Post-Washington Consensus and Economic Representations of Women in Development at the World Bank

In the past few years, the neoliberal Washington consensus has given way to a "post-Washington consensus' aimed at integrating social and economic dimensions of development, paying attention to bro...
The Role of Lymphatic Vascular Function in Metabolic Disorders

In addition to its roles in the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis and immunosurveillance, the lymphatic system has a critical role in regulating transport of dietary lipids to the blood circulation. Recent work within the past two decades has identified an important relationship between lymphatic dysfunction and patients with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, in part characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism and transport. Utilization of several genetic mouse models, as well as non-genetic models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, has demonstrated that abnormal lymphangiogenesis and poor collecting vessel function, characterized by impaired contractile ability and perturbed barrier integrity, underlie lymphatic dysfunction relating to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Despite the progress made by these models, the contribution of the lymphatic system to metabolic disorders remains understudied and new insights into molecular signaling mechanisms involved are continuously developing. Here, we review the current knowledge related to molecular mechanisms resulting in impaired lymphatic function within the context of obesity and diabetes. We discuss the role of inflammation, transcription factor signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling, and nitric oxide signaling contributing to impaired lymphangiogenesis and perturbed lymphatic endothelial cell barrier integrity, valve function, and contractile ability in collecting vessels as well as their viability as therapeutic targets to correct lymphatic dysfunction and improve metabolic syndromes.
Pattern and Processes of the Mammalian Turnover of the Arikareean in the Northern Rocky Mountains

The later part of the Oligocene (Arikareean North American Land Mammal Age) was a time of major faunal change in North America. It is during this time period that archaic mammalian faunas dominated...
Technology Intelligence Map: Lithium Metal Battery

Technology trends can be a useful resource for evaluating emerging technologies. Such evaluations should utilize multiple models to account for the complexity of these technologies. This paper explores how patent analysis along with Twitter data mining can be used to identify and monitor an emerging technology. The technology to be evaluated is the lithium metal battery.
Higher-order Networks of Diabetes Comorbidities: Disease Trajectories that Matter

Networks are powerful and flexible structures for modeling relationships in medical and biological systems, but in a traditional first-order network representation, an edge typically expresses a relationship between a single pair of nodes. In order to analyze complex relationships between groups of nodes, researchers rely on combined sets of these pairwise connections, which can misrepresent the true relationships in the underlying data. Higher-order networks, on the other hand, capture the higher-order dependencies that go beyond the pairwise interactions, and thus can encode more complex relationships within a familiar structure. In this study, we created and analyzed higher-order networks of disease trajectories generated from the records of 913,475 type 2 diabetes patients. We show that higher-order networks provide a more accurate representation of the underlying disease trajectories than traditional first-order networks. We also analyze differences in PageRank scores and community structure at higher orders and discuss the implications of these differences for the future study of comorbidity networks.
HaNDL Syndrome Presenting with Thunderclap Headache.

Introduction Transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is defined as a secondary, nonvascular headache disorder characterized by the findings described in its name. Patients with HaNDL syndrome typically present with gradual onset migrainous headaches of moderate to severe intensity with transient neurological symptoms. Case Report. We discuss a patient who presented with thunderclap headache, recent transient neurologic deficits, and was ultimately diagnosed with HaNDL after an extensive neurologic evaluation. Conclusion Thunderclap headache has very rarely been described in patients with HaNDL. After excluding emergent and secondary causes, HaNDL should be considered in patients with thunderclap-quality headaches, particularly when there is a history of transient neurological symptoms.
Pebbles: Leveraging Sketches for Processing Voluminous, High Velocity Data Streams

Voluminous, time-series data streams originating in continuous sensing environments pose data ingestion and processing challenges. We present a holistic methodology centered around data sketching to address both challenges. We introduce an order-preserving sketching algorithm that we have designed for space-efficient representation of multi-feature streams with native support for stream processing related operations. Observational streams are preprocessed at the edges of the network generating sketched streams to reduce data transfer costs and energy consumption. Ingested sketched streams are then processed using sketch-aware extensions to existing stream processing APIs delivering improved performance. Our benchmarks with real-world datasets show up to a $\sim 8\times$ ∼ 8 × reduction in data volumes transferred and a $\sim 27\times$ ∼ 27 × improvement in throughput.
Roles of Mast Cells and Basophils in Innate Immunity

This chapter reviews basic aspects of mast cell and basophil development and function, describes a mouse model for analyzing mast cell function in vivo, and then outlines the evidence that mast cells and/or basophils can contribute to innate immune responses. Both mast cells and basophils are derived from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells present in adult blood and bone marrow, and these two cell types share many similarities in mediator content, surface receptor expression, and function. Mice that genetically lack only mast cells or basophils would represent ideal model animals for investigating the contributions of these two cell types to specific pathological or physiological processes. The mast cell knock-in mouse model has been used by several groups to show that mast cells can represent an important component of host defense against bacterial infection. Studies of mast cells and basophils in host defense against parasites have focused predominantly on the potential roles of these cells in acquired, rather than innate, immune responses. The studies in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in mice, and other lines of evidence, support the view that mast cells can have sentinel and effector functions in innate immunity to bacteria. The mast cell, so rightly considered a key “part of the problem” in the expression of anaphylaxis, atopic asthma, and other immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated disorders, clearly can provide significant benefit in host defense during certain examples of bacterial infection, at least in mice.
Methods for maintaining benefits for merging aircraft on terminal RNAV routes

Current terminal operations are changing as more terminal area navigation (RNAV) routes are defined that aircraft are expected to fly. Previously, arriving aircraft filing a standard terminal arrival route (STAR) were given vectors to guide them to the runway when the aircraft transitions from the STAR and enters the terminal area. There are, however, efforts underway to extend these STARs as routes in the terminal area that overlay the current traffic patterns resulting from the vectors that controllers give to the aircraft. With the introduction of more terminal RNAV arrival procedures, anticipated benefits range from reduced voice communication, improved situational awareness, reduced flying time and distance, improved predictability to increased throughput. However, to achieve these benefits, the aircraft must remain on the planned RNAV routes. This is a change in paradigm from the current practice of vectoring the aircraft to achieve the proper sequence and spacing in the terminal area. This paper reports on a concept for allowing the aircraft to remain on RNAV routes while managing the flow of the aircraft to the final approach segment. The concept discussed in this paper is part of a broader suite of concepts currently being investigated to address merging and spacing problems arising from structured RNAV and required navigation performance (RNP) routes in the terminal environment. This suite of concepts is referred to as spacing of performance-based arrivals on converging routes (SPACR) and is intended to address the near-term merging and spacing problem, relying on existing cockpit and ground automation capabilities. SPACR includes applications of cockpit capabilities such as FMS offsets and required time of arrival (RTA) and ground automation functionalities such as the embedded ghosting function in the STARS and new STARS graphical user interface (GUI) functionalities. The concept described in this paper involves using the current implementation of the converging runway display aid (CRDA) as a controller aid to visualize the relative spacing for uncoordinated terminal merges with speed control and the lateral offset function of many current flight management systems (FMS) to resolve spacing problems. A parametric analysis was performed of the controllability of such a concept and a controller-in-the-loop simulation using typical terminal area geometry was run to explore several issues. These issues include mixed equipage, route design and airspace usage as well as initial thoughts on controller acceptance. The results of the analysis and simulation as they pertain to maintaining terminal RNAV benefits are reported in this paper.
Objective models for steroid binding sites of human globulins.

Summary We report the application of a recently developed alignment-free 3D QSAR method [Crippen, G.M., J. Comput. Chem., 16 (1995) 486] to a benchmark-type problem. The test system involves the binding of 31 steroid compounds to two kinds of human carrier protein. The method used not only allows for arbitrary binding modes, but also avoids the problems of traditional least-squares techniques with regard to the implicit neglect of informative outlying data points. It is seen that models of considerable predictive power can be obtained even with a very vague binding site description. Underlining a systematic, but usually ignored, problem of the QSAR approach, there is not one unique type of model but, rather, an entire manifold of distinctly different models that are all compatible with the experimental information. For a given model, there is also a considerable variation in the found binding modes, illustrating the problems that are inherent in the need for ‘correct’ molecular alignment in conventional 3D QSAR methods.
Comparison of self-adaptive wireless networks using mobile base stations and mobile access points

We present a self-adaptive wireless LAN using mobile access points (MAP). We also discuss the mobile access point and a mobile base station (MBS) used in voice-based cellular network, focusing on the difference in PHY and MAC layers. The packet-level simulation, which keeps track of all packets through PHY and MAC layers, has demonstrated the proposed wireless LAN. The wireless LAN is modeled by four mobile access points optimizing themselves to eight mobile users moving randomly over a 500 m /spl times/ 500 m area. The proposed wireless LAN achieves 41% and 40% improvement in dropped packets and outage time, respectively, compared with a wireless LAN using fixed access points.
Ovulation induction and small for gestational age neonates in twin pregnancies

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of small for gestation age (SGA) neonates in twin gestations conceived by ovulation induction or in vitro fertilization with that of twins conceived spontaneously. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subjects were delivered by a single obstetric practice between 2005 and 2011 at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. Maternal and neonatal data were recorded. Our primary outcome was the incidence of SGA, defined as birth weight <10th percentile, from the three modes of conception. Chi square, ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mantel-Haenszel test, and logistic regression were used in the analysis. RESULTS In unadjusted analysis, using the records of 756 infants from 378 mothers of twin pregnancies, twins conceived by ovulation induction had an increased incidence of SGA (28.1%) compared to those conceived spontaneously (17.1%) and by in vitro fertilization (16.5%, p = 0.006). In a logistic regression model accounting for correlated responses between twins and adjusting for gestational age, gender, chorionicity, and maternal age, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of SGA for the ovulation induction group compared to the spontaneous conception group was 2.64 (1.38-5.05, p = 0.003). The odds ratio (95% CI) of SGA for the in vitro fertilization group compared to the spontaneous conception group was 1.51 (0.88-2.61, p = 0.135). CONCLUSIONS When adjusted for gestational age, gender, chorionicity, and maternal age, twin neonates conceived by ovulation induction, but not those conceived by in vitro fertilization, had increased odds of SGA compared to those conceived spontaneously.
Monte Carlo Methods

The most common applications of Monte Carlo methods in numerical computations are for evaluating integrals. Monte Carlo methods can also be used in solving systems of equations (see Chapter 7 of Hammersley and Handscomb, 1964, for example), but other methods are generally better, especially for matrices that are not sparse.
Growth Characteristics of Organisms

In this chapter a systems viewpoint is taken of the growth characteristics of normal and malignant tissue. We find that such growth is well analyzed by the concepts of Shannon and Fisher information. In Section 3.1 conventional mechanisms of information transmission via DNA, RNA, and proteins are identified, as well as unconventional structures such as lipids and ion gradients. Information storage, flow, and utilization are analyzed, both within cells and over a system of cells. In Section 3.2, malignant tissue growth is found to be accurately described by the use of Fisher information in particular. Cancer growth is seen to occur as a disease of information, in fact an information catastrophe due to the regression of cells to a minimally ordered state consistent with life. The analysis yields many predictions about the growth of healthy tissue and cancerous tissue, some of which are nonintuitive and have a strong bearing on cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Report on the Eighteenth International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis (DX-07)

The eighteenth annual International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis was held in Nashville, Tennessee, May 29–31, 2007. Papers presented at the workshop covered a variety of theories, principles, and computational techniques for diagnosis, monitoring, testing, reconfiguration, fault-adaptive control, and repair of complex systems. This year’s workshop emphasized inter-actions and exchange of ideas and experiences between researchers and practitioners whose backgrounds included AI, control theory, systems engineering, software engineering, and related areas.
Blood oxygenation level dependent, blood volume, and blood flow responses to carbogen and hypoxic hypoxia in 9L rat gliomas as measured by MRI

Purpose To study vascular responsiveness to hypoxia and hypercarbia together with vessel size index (VSI) in a 9L rat glioma (n = 11) using multimodal MRI. Materials and Methods VSI was determined using T2 and MRI following AMI-227 contrast agent. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal response was determined using T2 EPI MRI, blood volume changes using AMI-227 and blood flow by means of continuous arterial spin labeling. Results VSI in the cortex, tumor rim, and core of 2.2 ± 1.0, 18.2 ± 5.4, and 23.9 ± 14.7 μm, respectively, showing a larger average vessel size in glioma than in the brain parenchyma. BOLD and blood volume signal changes to hypoxia and hypercapnia were much more profound in the tumor rim than the core. Hypoxia led to rim BOLD signal change that was larger in amplitude and it attained the low value much faster than either core or brain cortex. The vasculature in the rim appears more responsive to respiratory challenges in terms of volume adaptation than the core. Blood flow values within the gliomas were much lower than in the contralateral brain. Neither hypercarbia nor hypoxia had an effect on the tumor blood flow. Conclusion Vascular responses of 9L gliomas to respiratory challenge, in particular hypoxia, are heterogeneous between the core and rim zones, potentially offering a means to classify and separate intratumor tissues with differing hemodynamic characteristics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:110–119. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An equipment model and its role in the interpretation of noun phrases

For natural language understanding systems designed for domains including relatively complex equipment, it is not sufficient to use general knowledge about this equipment. We show problems which can be solved only if the system has access to a detailed equipment model. We discuss the structure of such models in some detail and, in particular, the mixed static/dynamic nature of the model. As an illustration, we describe parts of a simulation model for an air compressor. Finally, we demonstrate how to find referents in this model for noun phrases.
Identification of Patient Attitudes and Preferences Regarding Treatment of Depression

To identify attitudes that influence patient help-seeking behavior and aspects of treatment that influence patient preferences for management of depression. Three focus group discussions (two patient groups stratified by race and one professional group). Questions addressed experience with depression, help-seeking behaviors, treatment preferences, and perceived barriers to mental health care. Academic medical, center. Eight black patients and eight white patients with depression; seven health care professionals (four physicians and three social workers). Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, and reviewed independently by two investigators to identify and group distinct comments into categories with specific themes. Differences were adjudicated by a third investigator. Comments within categories were then checked for relevance and consistency by a health services researcher and a psychiatrist. More than 90% of the 806 comments could be grouped into one of 16 categories. Black patients raised more concerns than white patients regarding spirituality and stigma. Patients made more comments than professionals regarding the impact of spirituality, social support systems, coping strategies, life experiences, patient-provider relationships, and attributes of specific treatments. They discussed the role these factors played in their helpseeking behavior and adherence to treatment. In-depth focus group discussions with depressed patients can provide valuable and unique information about patient experiences and concerns regarding treatment for depression. Clinicians, researchers, and policymakers need to incorporate the range of factors identified by patients into their decision making for individuals with depression.
Practice variations in treating urban minority asthmatics in Chicago

This study explores provider adherence to national guidelines in treating Latino and African-American asthmatics. We hypothesized that there would be more variations in asthma treatment existing for minorities as a result of variation in physician's adherent to the guidelines. A 96-item survey was administered to 138 Latino and African-American asthmatics attending a hospital emergency department. Data were obtained on demography, severity, access, patient satisfaction, and patient's assessment of physician asthma management. Results were analyzed by ethnicity, gender, practice site of regular provider, and severity. Variation in physician practice was found in these variables. Asthma treatment received by Latino and African-American respondents was deficient compared to guidelines. Regression analyses showed that Latinos fared more poorly on the number of prednisone bursts taken, use of written crisis plans and dispensation of peak flow meters controlling for gender, practice site and severity. African-Americans expressed less dissatisfaction in obtaining services, while both groups expressed high degrees of satisfaction with their providers.
A blueprint of cell identity

Research on converting one cell type to another will be aided by systematic mapping of the gene-regulatory networks in mammalian cells.
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK WITH THE PARTIAL ANTIGEN OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS

1. Typical lethal anaphylactic shock has been produced in guinea pigs by means of the specific carbohydrate derived from a human strain of tubercle bacillus. The phenomenon has been observed in animals both actively and passively sensitized. 2. Typical contractions have been evoked in the isolated uterus of guinea pigs upon the addition of the specific carbohydrate to the bath. 3. True anaphylactic shock against the specific carbohydrate in guinea pigs sensitized with the tubercle bacillus does not prevent or diminish the cutaneous reaction to O. T. in those animals which recover.
Examination of Darcy's Law for Flow in Porous Media with Variable Porosity†

Henry Darcy's experimental studies in 1856 of saturated water flowthrough a homogeneous porous medium contained in a vertical column have provided the basis for the quantitative description of fluid flow in a wide variety of both natural and engineered porous medium environmental systems. Extrapolation of Darcy's original observations and conclusions has led to several commonly applied equations used to model flow in porous media. This work examines this original experimental study, summarizes the appropriate mathematical expressions that ensue directly from the data, and indicates expressions in common use that are suggested, but not actually supported, by the data. The paradoxes that exist in the common approaches for the case of a porous medium with a spatiallyvariable porosity are illustrated. A modified form of Darcy's law, and also of the Hubbert potential, is derived based upon fundamental notions of averaging. The modified form of Darcy's law derived here reduces to the conventional form for a homogeneous porous medium.
Collective Personality, Culture, and Team Effectiveness

By viewing personality from knowledge structures and behavioral regularities perspectives as functionally isomorphic, referent-shift compositional models of self-concept and conscientiousness are developed. In these models, common measures of personality at the individual level are applied to the collective as a whole and hypothesized to influence team effectiveness linearly and interactively. Culture is also proposed to moderate the collective personality and team effectiveness relationship. The results supported some of the hypotheses in a sample of 62 teams of business students from the United States and Ghana. Implications for team research and management are discussed.
Vibrational population lifetimes of OH( v = 1) in natural crystalline micas

Abstract Picosecond infrared saturation-recovery measurements have been performed on the OH-stretching vibrations (3500–3710 cm −1 ) of hydroxyl groups located within the octahedral layers of ten naturally occurring crystalline micas. At room temperature, the average OH( v = 1) vibrational population lifetime ( T 1 ) ± σ) for OH − in muscovite is 92 ± 13 ps. For biotite samples, absorptions arising from two distinct lattice sites yield T 1 = 221 ± 23 and 87 ± 33 ps, respectively. Crystal structures, hydroxyl orientation and hydrogen bonding, ionic environment and infrared Spectroscopy of these mineral families are used to rationalize the observed relaxation times.
Dynamics of Networking Agents Competing for High Centrality and Low Degree

We model a system of networking agents that seek to optimize their centrality in the network while keeping their cost, the number of connections they are participating in, low. Unlike other game-theory based models for network evolution, the success of the agents is related only to their position in the network. The agents use strategies based on local information to improve their chance of success. Both the evolution of strategies and network structure are investigated. We find a dramatic time evolution with cascades of strategy change accompanied by a change in network structure. On average the network self-organizes to a state close to the transition between a fragmented state and a state with a giant component. Furthermore, with increasing system size both the average degree and the level of fragmentation decreases.
Teaching the Social Construction of Regions in Regional Geography Courses; or, Why Do Vampires Come from Eastern Europe?

This article describes the difficulty of teaching about the construction of regions in regional geography courses, which are themselves built on a metageography that often goes unquestioned. The author advocates the use of popular culture to make this very complex issue palpable for undergraduates. Thus, the construction of Eastern Europe within a larger European framework is clear through a study of Bram Stoker's Dracula and the movies that the book has spawned. Included in this article is an analysis of the geography presented through the Dracula narrative, and the contents of the classroom experience created by the author to teach that analysis. The article concludes with survey data that illustrate the reaction of the students to the lesson as well as evidence that the lesson improved student learning.
Fiberized semiconductor ring laser with passive suppression of supermode noise

We report on low noise performance of a 10 GHz actively mode-locked laser. The laser is a fiberized ring laser using a commercially available semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the gain medium. The noise properties as a function of cavity length and optical spectrum are investigated. It is found that supermode noise is reduced when the cavity length is increased past a certain threshold. Best performance is achieved with a 20 meter cavity whose pulses are down chirped. No active feedback control is utilized to reduce the noise, yet the integrated jitter is only 29 fs (10Hz-100MHz).
The Effect of Multiple Roles on Women Majoring in Education

Traditional- and nontraditional-age undergraduate women majoring in education were surveyed to determine whether multiple-role incumbency is associated with student role strain and with affective well-being. Traditional-age students reported significantly more student role strain even though they occupied fewer life roles and reported the perception of less time pressure. Multiple-role incumbency was not related to student role strain for either group but was related positively to well-being in the nontraditional-age group. Findings are discussed in terms of theory and apparent significance for advisors. The relationship between multiple roles (e.g., spouse, parent, employee, and student) and unhealthy stress is of particular relevance to women. Goode (1960) and Coser (1974) stated that increasing the number of life roles is necessarily associated with undesirable role strain. Marks (1977) has labeled this hypothesis the "scarcity" model because it assumes-personal energies are fixed and limited. The scarcity model predicts that increasing role demands will unavoidably prompt a stressful overdemand experience. Sieber (1974) takes virtually the opposite position, that role accumulation is associated with net gratification. This second view has been labeled the "expansion" model (Marks, 1977). It rejects the ass"mption that human energy is fixed in an individual, instead viewing such energy as an expandable attribute. Marks explains that this model generally predicts that performance of multiple roles will increase personal energy and thereby decrease the level of experienced stress. The majority of empirical studies specifically addressing multiple-role performance and stress have focused on gdult women and have not considered student role strain specifically (Barnett & Baruch, 1985; Kandel, Davies, & Raveis, 1985; Spreitzer, Snyder, & Larson 1979; Thoits, 1983). Each of these studies, however, found that women performing multiple roles reported less stress or more general well-being. Therefore, they provide a body of support for the expansion model. The few empirical studies with women in which multiple roles were related to student ex
Effect of gamma — radiation on vicine and convicine in broad beans ( Vicia faba L. )

Abstract Broad bean ( Vicia faba L. ) is considered to be a good source of protein. The presence of vicine and convicine and their role as a causative agents of favism limited their use. The effect of gamma radiation from 60 Co source was tested on solutions of a mixture of vicine and convicine. Analysis was carried out using spectrophotometric method. Reduction of 92% in vicine and convicine was observed when a dose of 10.0 kGy was used. The reduction was very much lower when powdered dry beans was irradiated. Research in progress in order to attain a higher destructive effect. Further chemical and biological studies are also required to follow up this effect.
EFFECTS OF DIAGNOSTIC IRRADIATION

Evidence pertainlng to the possible induction of leukemia by radiodiagnostic exposure is discussed briefly. (BBB)
A programming model for sustainable software

This paper presents a novel energy-aware and temperature-aware programming model with first-class support for sustainability. A program written in the new language, named Eco, may adaptively adjusts its own behaviors to stay on a given (energy or temperature) budget, avoiding both deficit that would lead to battery drain or CPU overheating, and surplus that could have been used to improve the quality of results. Sustainability management in Eco is captured as a form of supply and demand matching, and the language runtime consistently maintains the equilibrium between supply and demand. Among the efforts of energy-adaptive and temperature-adaptive systems, Eco is distinctive in its role in bridging the programmer and the underlying system, and in particular, bringing both programmer knowledge and application-specific traits into energy optimization. Through a number of intuitive programming abstractions, Eco reduces challenging issues in this domain --- such as workload characterization and decision making in adaptation --- to simple programming tasks, ultimately offering fine-grained, programmable, and declarative sustainability to energy-efficient computing. Eco is an minimal extension to Java, and has been implemented as an open-source compiler. We validate the usefulness of Eco by upgrading real-world Java applications with energy awareness and temperature awareness.
A multi‐theoretic perspective on trust and power in strategic supply chains

Abstract Strategic supply chains serve as a potential source of competitive advantage for firms. The ability of a strategy supply chain to engender cultural competitiveness, or joint entrepreneurship and learning aimed at filling market gaps, is a key path through which a strategic supply chain may become a competitive advantage. A balance of trust and power within the supply chain offsets uncertainty and risks associated with the behaviors underlying cultural competitiveness. Using a multi-theoretic perspective, we discuss four strategies that firms use to balance a climate of trust and power in a strategic supply chain. Identifying an authority, generating a common supply chain identity, utilizing boundary spanning ties, and providing procedural and interactive justice are the strategies we discuss.