cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxytocinergic inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in neonatal rats

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) modulates vagal digestive motor functions via oxytocinergic projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in adult rats. Little is known regarding the structural or functional maturation of these projections. The present study examines the postnatal development of immunocytochemically identified oxytocinergic fibers in gastric subregions of the medial NST-DMV. For this purpose, a monoclonal antibody (PS36) that recognizes both oxytocin (OT)-neurophysin and its prohormone was used to identify oxytocinergic fibers. PS36-positive fibers already were present within the NST-DMV in rats on the day of birth. Retrograde transport of cholera toxin neural tracer from the NST-DMV in newborn rats confirmed that PVN neurons were the sole source of these oxytocinergic fibers. The cumulative length of PS36-positive fibers in sampled subregions of the medial NST and DMV increased approximately 23-fold and 94-fold, respectively, between birth and adulthood. The observed postnatal increases in PS36 immunolabeling could reflect increased delivery of immunoreactive antigen from hypothalamic perikarya to distal axons and/or increasing oxytocinergic innervation of the NST-DMV. Additional work will be needed to address these questions and to determine the time course during which central oxytocinergic pathways become mature in their ability to influence vagally mediated digestive functions.
Transcutaneous laser hair ablation for management of intraurethral hair after hypospadias repair: initial experience.

Hair growth after hypospadias urethroplasty using a skin tube flap is a relatively common event with an incidence rate as high as 8%.1 The hirsute graft can lead to dysuria, infection, urethral calculi and hair bezoars. Using nonhirsute grafts obviates this problem but this tissue may not be accessible at the time of repair for local grafting. Hair bezoars resulting from use of hirsute skin for hypospadias repair are a difficult problem to manage. Numerous treatments have been used, including transurethral laser ablation and urethral instillation of depilatory cream.2, 3 To our knowledge we report the first use of transcutaneous laser hair ablation using a common laser for cosmetic hair removal.
Predictability of mitral regurgitation detected by Doppler echocardiography in patients referred for cardiac transplantation

Abstract Mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), but the frequency in relation to the origin of ventricular dilatation has not been established. In 50 patients referred for cardiac transplantation, MR was assessed by Doppler echocardiography and the findings were compared with clinical information. Dilatation of the left ventricle, left atrium and mitral anulus was analyzed in 25 patients with respect to cause of CHF. All 50 patients had MR of at least moderate severity, regardless of cause (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in 36, coronary artery disease in 14), length of symptoms (20 ± 19 months, less than 6 months in 13 patients) or presence of murmurs (absent in 13 patients). Comparison of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy to those with ischemic heart disease revealed larger left ventricular volumes (215 ± 81 vs 131 ± 60 ml in systole, p
High Resolution Tracking of Non-Rigid Motion of Densely Sampled 3D Data Using Harmonic Maps

We present a novel automatic method for high resolution, non-rigid dense 3D point tracking. High quality dense point clouds of non-rigid geometry moving at video speeds are acquired using a phase-shifting structured light ranging technique. To use such data for the temporal study of subtle motions such as those seen in facial expressions, an efficient non-rigid 3D motion tracking algorithm is needed to establish inter-frame correspondences. The novelty of this paper is the development of an algorithmic framework for 3D tracking that unifies tracking of intensity and geometric features, using harmonic maps with added feature correspondence constraints. While the previous uses of harmonic maps provided only global alignment, the proposed introduction of interior feature constraints allows to track non-rigid deformations accurately as well. The harmonic map between two topological disks is a diffeomorphism with minimal stretching energy and bounded angle distortion. The map is stable, insensitive to resolution changes and is robust to noise. Due to the strong implicit and explicit smoothness constraints imposed by the algorithm and the high-resolution data, the resulting registration/deformation field is smooth, continuous and gives dense one-to-one inter-frame correspondences. Our method is validated through a series of experiments demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency.
Z-DNA-binding proteins in Escherichia coli purification, generation of monoclonal antibodies and gene isolation.

Abstract Z-DNA affinity adsorbtion of an Escherichia coli lysate in the presence of excess B-DNA results in a 1000-fold enrichment for three proteins with apparent molecular weights, on SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of 50,000, 90,000 and 100,000. When retention of these proteins on resins constructed with Z-DNA (Br-poly(dG-dC) · poly(dG-dC)) was compared with retention on resins constructed with B-DNA or Br-B-DNA, it was found that approximately 100-fold more of the 50,000 Mr protein, 1000-fold more of the 90,000 Mr protein, and greater than 1000-fold more of the 100,000 Mr protein was retained on the Z-DNA resin. No difference inretention on the B-DNA versus brominated B-DNA resin was found, indicating that the increased retention on the Z-DNA resin was not due to bromination of the Z-DNA. This demonstration of Z-DNA-specific binding in vitro makes these proteins candidates for binding to Z-DNA in vivo. In an effort to determine the function of these proteins we have prepared monoclonal antibodies against each protein and isolated its respective gene. Western blot analysis of lysogens carrying these genes confirms their identity and shows that the complete coding region and promoter for each gene has been cloned.
Photothermal Beam Deflection Study of Titanium Metal Corrosion by a Hot Lubricant

The applicability of the photothermal beam deflection (PBD) method in monitoring the corrosion of titanium metal by a perfluoropolyether lubricant was investigated in the 21°-270°C temperature range. The signal amplitude and rise time at lower temperatures (21°-150°C) were constant for a given amount of corrosion product. At higher temperatures (150°-270°C) thermal gradients in the sample cell caused correctable distortions of the PBD signal. The signal rise times in all cases were slow (1–2 s). Signal amplitude sensitivity to thermal gradients made kinetic measurements difficult, even on a long time scale. The PBD signal indicates that corrosion depends on the presence of molecular oxygen in the lubricant as well as upon temperature.
Ricin detection by biological signal amplification in a well-in-a-well device.

This paper presents a ricin detection method based on ricin's inhibitory effects on protein synthesis. Biological synthesis (expression) of a protein includes the steps of gene transcription (DNA → RNA) and protein translation (RNA → proteins); these reactions can be coupled into a one-step operation and carried out in a cell-free medium. Ricin is known to inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with 28S ribosome RNA; the inhibitory effect is exploited as the sensing mechanism in this work. For each copy of DNA, thousands of copies of proteins can be produced. As a result, the inhibitory effects of ricin are amplified, leading to a significantly enhanced detection signal (the difference between the positive control and samples). An array of protein expression units is developed to accommodate positive/negative controls and multiple samples. The array device contains a solution without any reagent captured on a solid surface, offering flexibility without comprising the activities of biomolecules. The mini...
Binary integration of fluctuating targets

The detection performance of a binary integrator (M-out-of-N detector) against nonfluctuating, slowly fluctuating, and quickly fluctuating targets is given. Since the solution for the slowly fluctuating target is numerically intensive, a simpler approximate solution is developed. This approximation is very accurate and is valid even when the noise power varies from pulse to pulse within a single antenna scan. >
Key active site residues in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by soman

Molecular modeling (GEMM 7.3) and molecular mechanics calculations (YETI V 5.3) using the X-ray coordinates for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Torpedo californica indicate electrostatic stabilization by the active site. Glu-199, of the developing positive charge on the incipient carbonium ion in the dealkylation in the adducts of AChE with PSCR and PsCs diastereomers of 2-(3,3-dimethylbutyl) methylphosphonofluoridate (soman). His-440 is indispensable as a general acid catalyst of C-O bond breaking in the dealkylation reaction and that of bond breaking to the Ser γ-O in reactivation. This demand for catalysis seems to be satisfied for the reactivation of enzyme from the PsCs, diastereomer of soman, but not from the P(S)C(R) diastereomer.
Composition of Orange Juice Cloud

SUMMARY Reported for the first time are analyses of materials identified with and contributing to the cloud of orange juice. Hexane-soluble materials provided up to one-fourth of the cloud-producing components. In contrast to the composition of structural components of the fruit, cloud components insoluble in alcohol, acetone, and hexane were shown to be rich in nitrogen (ca. 7%), pectins (ca. 80%), and phosphorus (ca. 1.5% as the pentoxide) and to be very low in cellulosic components (ca. 2–5%). This is evidence that cloud originates in the juice cells rather than from mechanical disintegration of structural tissue. No appreciable difference in cloud composition was observed between fruit varieties or between freeze-damaged and normal fruit.
On the use of the Rosseland and Planck mean absorption coefficients in the non-equilibrium radiative transfer equation

Abstract The use of the Rosseland and Planck mean absorption coefficients in the non-equilibrium (time-dependent) radiative transfer equation is investigated in the gray approximation for a prescribed temperature distribution. The corresponding gray radiative flux at the surface of a halfspace is compared to an exact (multi-frequency) solution obtained from multiple collision theory. An improved mean absorption coefficient is then obtained using the exact angle integrated intensity at the surface, and the corresponding gray approximation is shown to be markedly accurate.
A diverse set of oligomeric class II MHC-peptide complexes for probing T-cell receptor interactions.

Abstract Background : T-cells are activated by engagement of their clonotypic cell surface receptors with peptide complexes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, in a poorly understood process that involves receptor clustering on the membrane surface. Few tools are available to study the molecular mechanisms responsible for initiation of activation processes in T-cells. Results : A topologically diverse set of oligomers of the human MHC protein HLA-DR1, varying in size from dimers to tetramers, was produced by varying the location of an introduced cysteine residue and the number and spacing of sulfhydryl-reactive groups carried on novel and commercially available cross-linking reagents. Fluorescent probes incorporated into the cross-linking reagents facilitated measurement of oligomer binding to the T-cell surface. Oligomeric MHC-peptide complexes, including a variety of MHC dimers, trimers and tetramers, bound to T-cells and initiated T-cell activation processes in an antigen-specific manner. Conclusion : T-cell receptor dimerization on the cell surface is sufficient to initiate intracellular signaling processes, as a variety of MHC-peptide dimers differing in intramolecular spacing and orientation were each able to trigger early T-cell activation events. The relative binding affinities within a homologous series of MHC-peptide oligomers suggest that T-cell receptors may rearrange in the plane of the membrane concurrent with oligomer binding.
Morphometry of the common atlantic squid,Loligo pealei, and the brief squid,Lolliguncula brevis in Delaware Bay

Specimens of the common Atlantic squid,Loligo pealei, and the brief squid,Lolliguncula brevis, collected from June to September, 1958, in Delaware Bay, were studied morphometrically. Growth rate, length frequency, weight-length ratios, and change of body shape are presented and discussed forL. pealei. Scarcity ofL. brevis made impossible any definite comparison of its morphometry withL. pealei, but certain trends were nevertheless noticeable.
Systemic Arteriovenous Fistula Simulating Severe Valvular Aortic Stenosis

A patient with a renal arteriovenous fistula is described. She was though to have valvular aortic stenosis because of a history of rheumatic fever, symptoms of congestive heart failure and syncope, and the presence of a harsh systolic murmur with a thrill in the aortic area. Cardiac catheterization revealed a left-to-right shunt of 8.7 L/min. Ligation of the fistula resulted in complete relief of the symptoms and attenuation of the murmur.
Electric Field Nuclear Double Resonance in Ag + -Doped NaCl

An electric field-nuclear-magnetic-double-resonance experiment is described which enables the resolution of certain weak resonances otherwise concealed under a nearby, much stronger resonance. In ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$-doped NaCl, the weak resonance of the nearest-neighbor sodium nuclei to the ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ impurity is concealed by the strong resonance of the sodium nuclei far from the impurity due to the small quadrupole splitting of the nearest neighbors. The technique is based on the fact that the ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ ion breaks the inversion symmetry of the near neighbors, whereas the distant nuclei remain at sites of inversion symmetry. As a result an external oscillating electric field can induce $\ensuremath{\Delta}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ transitions in the near neighbors but not in the distant ones. The absorption is detected by monitoring the saturation of the magnetic resonance of the distant nuclei as a function of electric field frequency. The nearest-neighbor sodium nuclei were found to have a static quadrupole coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{Q}=12.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ kHz with an asymmetry parameter of $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.28\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$. A simple theory is developed which explains the intensities of the quadrupole lines as a function of the orientation of the electric and magnetic fields. A dynamic quadrupole coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{D}$ is defined. For the nearest-neighbor sodium nuclei ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{D}\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ Hz/(V/cm) and for the next-nearest-neighbor sodium nuclei ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{D}\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ Hz/(V/cm).
Anomalous rotational state distribution for the O2 photofragment in the UV photodissociation of ozone

Abstract The coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectrum of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) formed in the photodissociation of ozone at 266 nm is presented. An anomalous propensity for even ( J = 2,4,6, …) retational states is observed. This propensity effect is discussed in terms of symmetry restrictions and dynamical bias in the photolysis.
Avoiding ‘passive empathy’ with Philosophy for Children

This essay begins by addressing concerns raised by Megan Boler regarding empathy's conceptual ambiguities and pedagogical effectiveness. This will be followed by a call for a systematic pedagogical approach to educating for empathy based on dialogue. I will argue that in order to be effective, empathic pedagogy should provide students with a means of engaging across the boundaries of the subject by allowing for peer‐mediated inquiry‐based interactions that support the sharing of affective states. Finally, I will argue that Community of Inquiry—the dialogical, inquiry‐based pedagogy used in the Philosophy for Children program—is a crucial and paradigmatic means for promoting the further development of empathy.
Enhancing Critical Reflection on Simulation Through Wikis

Abstract This article discusses using wikis as a teaching strategy for follow-up debriefing after students participated in human patient simulator activities. Wiki tools assist students in collaborating, sharing, creating, and editing documents that reinforce learning developed during simulation. Students are actively engaged in the learning process by sharing information and experiences obtained in simulation scenarios. The use of a wiki enhances debriefing reflection. Wikis provide students with a written document to answer questions, discuss content, and develop notes and study guides after a classroom simulation activity.
Cyclic Disulfides as Functional Mimics of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor FK-228.

FK-228 is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with tremendous therapeutic potential against a wide array of human cancers. We describe the development of analogs that share FK-228’s novel mechanism of activation and HDAC inhibition.
Endovascular repair of external iliac artery occlusion after hip prosthesis migration.

PURPOSE To report emergent endovascular intervention to restore lower extremity arterial patency after migration of a hip prosthesis caused thrombosis of the external iliac artery (EIA). CASE REPORT Nine months following left hip revision arthroplasty, a 66-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with the complaints of an acutely painful left lower extremity for over 6 hours. Imaging showed the metallic acetabular portion of the hip prosthesis in the iliac fossa, with severe external compression of the EIA. After thrombolysis to remove clot from the EIA, an 8x60-mm self-expanding Smart stent was deployed in the left EIA from a contralateral access. The procedure was successful, and the patient was discharged. An infected wound from a compartment fasciotomy delayed revision of the hip prosthesis. Nine weeks after stenting, the patient returned with a cold, pulseless left limb; a femorofemoral bypass was constructed to restore perfusion. CONCLUSIONS While stent placement restored flow for 9 weeks after the initial ischemic event, the recurrent thrombosis could have been prevented by earlier revision of the migrated prosthesis.
Abstract 1647: Imatinib mesylate leads to modulation of regulators of tumor cell quiescence in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are caused by activating mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinase genes. While GISTs can successfully be treated with imatinib mesylate, many patients retain detectable tumor mass during treatment and experience relapse following termination of treatment. We wanted to determine whether these clinical observations result from direct, imatinib-induced effects on GIST cells. We have shown that imatinib can directly induce tumor cell quiescence in a proportion of GIST cells through an increase of nuclear CDH1, an activator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). This event was associated with downregulation of the F-box protein SKP2 and subsequent upregulation of its target, the CDK inhibitor p27(Kip1). Exit from the cell division cycle was reflected by reduced BrdU incorporation and reduced cyclin A protein expression. Quiescent tumor cells were able to re-enter the cell division cycle five days after removal of imatinib as indicated by enhanced BrdU incorporation, decrease in p27(Kip1) expression and increase of cyclin A expression. Furthermore, high SKP2 and low p27(Kip1) levels correlated with an increased risk of progression. Mechanistically, imatinib was found to modulate components of the human DREAM complex, a key regulator of quiescence. Imatinib treatment resulted in upregulation of p130 and downregulation of E2F4 as well as LIN37 and LIN9. After removal of imatinib, levels of p130 decreased, whereas E2F4, LIN37 and LIN9 levels increased, as a reflection of the cells re-entering the cell cycle. Our results indicate that GIST cells that do not undergo apoptosis in response to imatinib enter quiescence and are hence temporarily removed from the proliferative pool However, cells were found to readily re-enter the cell division cycle in the absence imatinib. Our results encourage further studies to target the quiescence pathway in GISTs therapeutically. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1647.
Appraisal of the physiological relevance of two hypotheses for the mechanism of calcium release from the mammalian cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: calcium-induced release versus charge-coupled release

Recent studies correlating the calcium current with, respectively, the clamp-imposed voltage and the calcium current in intact isolated mammalian cardiac myocytes are reviewed. The major findings are the following: [1] With the exception of one group, all investigators agree that a calcium transient is never observed in the absence of a calcium current. In addition, there is a good correlation between voltage dependence of the calcium current and that of the calcium transient, although this correlation may vary among the cardiac tissues from different animal species. [2] Repolarization clamp pulses from highly positive potentials produce a ‘tail current’ which is associated with a ‘tail calcium transient’. [3] The calcium transient is inhibited when the calcium current is blocked by calcium deprivation or substitution, or by the addition of calcium current antagonists, despite the fact that sarcoplasmic reticulum still contains calcium that can be released by caffeine (with inhibition of this release by ryanodine). These three findings are strongly in favor of a calcium-induced release of calcium and against the hypothesis of charge-movement-coupled release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. [4] The only finding that would be more in favor of the latter hypothesis (although till reconciliable with the former) is that repolarization occurring before the rapid rise of calcium transient is complete curtails the calcium transient. Thus, the possibility that charge movement might somehow regulate calcium-induced release of calcium cannot be excluded.
Thermalization of neutral-beam-injected ions by lower hybrid waves in Jupiter's magnetosphere.

A theoretical analysis of lower-hybrid wave generation by a ring distribution of superthermal ions is presented. A kinetic instability of waves traveling across the magnetic field occurs when fast neutrals escaping from the Io plasma torus are reionized and accelerated to corotation speed in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Instability is possible for modest threshold values of V/a0 = 3 - 7 where V is the pickup gyrospeed and a0 is the background-ion thermal speed. Consequent effects include the relaxation of the pickup-ion distribution and the acceleration of superthermal electrons.
Pellicle Precursor Protein Crosslinking: Characterization of an Adduct between Acidic Proline-rich Protein (PRP-1) and Statherin Generated by Transglutaminase

Recent work with oral transglutaminase indicated that this enzyme, derived from oral epithelial cells, crosslinked pellicle precursor proteins which may be important in the formation of the acquired enamel pellicle. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether purified acidic PRP-1 can form crosslinks with statherin, and whether such a crosslink is derived from a transglutaminase-catalyzed reaction between glutaminyl and lysyl side-chains, leading to a covalent bond formation. Enzymatic reaction products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and reverse-phase HPLC. The SDS electrophoretogram revealed a protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa, which is consistent with the combined apparent molecular weight of acidic PRP-1 (24 kDa) and statherin (8 kDa). A reaction product isolated by HPLC was characterized by amino acid analysis, which showed a stoichiometry consistent with being an adduct composed of one molecule of acidic PRP-1 and one molecule of statherin. In negative control experiments, ...
The Effect of Type and Concentration of Binders on the Hardness and Compressibility of Sulfathiazole Tablets Made at Constant Pressure

A number of sugars, gums, and miscellaneous substances were evaluated as binders in sulfathiazole tablets by means of hardness determinations and compressibility studies. It was found possible to rank binders in order of hardness imparted to tablets as well as to classify them functionally as exhibiting sugar-like or gum-like behavior. Binders possessing sugar-like behavior showed maxima in hardness versus concentration curves. The maxima usually occurred at a binder concentration of 4% or 8%. Increasing the concentration of gum-like binders gave increasingly hard tablets but the percentage increase in hardness decreased. Fair correlation was observed between compressibility of a granulation and the hardness of tablets resulting from its compression.
High frequency continuum observations of young stars.

31-GHz and/or 90-GHz radio continuum observations have been made towards 48 young stars. Only three signals are definitely detected and are shown to represent late O or early B stars. None of the 'continuum T Tauri stars' were detected, suggesting that these are unlikely to be hot stars. Some early B stars should have been detectable if they have normal Stromgren zones. Their undetectability may well signify that circumstellar dust modifies the ionization of surrounding gas.
Sport and Sexuality: Athletic Participation by Sexual Minority and Sexual Majority Adolescents in the U.S.

There are contradictory expectations regarding the relationship between sport and sexuality, one suggesting less sports participation for sexual minority males and more for sexual minority females, with the other hypothesizes no participation differences by sexuality for either males or females. I used the nationally representative Add Health Survey of middle and high school students in the U.S. to assess the degree to which sexual minority and sexual majority boys and girls play sports and the differences in the types of sports that they play. Findings from logistic regression analyses indicated there were very few differences in the degree and type of sports participation by sexuality, but somewhat larger differences as the adolescents move from middle to high school.
Endolymphatic sac tumor in a 4-year-old boy.

INTRODUCTION Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELST) are rare, low-grade, locally aggressive papillary neoplasms. We present a case of a 4-year-old boy with an ELST, the youngest described in the literature. CASE A boy presented with a right-sided serous otitis media and sudden-onset right facial nerve palsy. An audiogram revealed right-sided profound sensorineural hearing loss. Radiographic imaging demonstrated a 3-cm expansile lytic lesion along the posterior face of the petrous bone. INTERVENTION/RESULTS The patient initially underwent a right transmastoid-infralabyrinthine biopsy. Pathologic examination revealed a papillary lesion suspicious for an ELST. Subsequently, a transtemporal-transcochlear approach with intra-and extradural resection of the tumor was performed. The facial nerve was dissected and transposed anteriorly and preserved. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the ELST. At his 6-month follow up, there is no evidence of recurrence and the facial nerve function has returned to Grade II palsy. CONCLUSION ELST are rare tumors of the temporal bone. This is the youngest case of ELST reported. Presentation, evaluation, and management of ELST is discussed.
Doppler tomography of the Little Homunculus: high‐resolution spectra of [Fe II]λ16 435 around Eta Carinae★

High-resolution spectra of [Fe II ] λ16435 around η Carinae provide powerful diagnostics of the geometry and kinematics of the 'Little Homunculus' (LH) growing inside the larger Homunculus nebula. The LH expansion is not perfectly homologous: while low latitudes are consistent with linear expansion since 1910, the polar caps imply ejection dates around 1920-1930. However, the expansion speed of the LH is much slower than the post-eruption wind, so the star's powerful wind may accelerate the LH. With an initial ejection speed of 200 km s -1 in 1890, the LH would have been accelerated to its present speed if the mass is roughly 0.1 M ○. . This agrees with an independent estimate of the LH mass based on its density and volume. In any case, an ejection after 1930 is ruled out. Using the LH as a probe of the 1890 event then, it is evident that its most basic physical parameters (total mass and kinetic energy, which are 0.1 M ○. and 10 46.9 erg, respectively) are orders of magnitude less than during the giant eruption in the 1840s. Thus, the ultimate energy sources were different for these two events - yet their ejecta have the same bipolar geometry. This clue may point toward a collimation mechanism separate from the underlying causes of the outbursts.
Long run and transient analysis of a double EWMA feedback controller

Abstract The “predictor-corrector” feedback controller is a popular adjustment scheme proposed for the quality control of certain semiconductor manufacturing process steps. This controller is based on a double Exponentially-Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) scheme; thus the performance of the closed-loop system depends on the two weight parameters of the EWM A equations. In this paper, the conditions the weights must satisfy to ensure closed-loop stability are discussed. The optimal determination of the controller weights depends on a trade-off between long-run process variance and transient bias performance. It is shown that small weights, although they can guarantee stability, may result in severe, long transients, an important concern if fabrication is in small batches. An optimization model for finding the controller weights is given and numerically solved. An extension of this type of controllers to the multiple controllable factor case is described. The performance of the controller is illustrated with...
γ-Allyl Phosphinoyl Phenyl Sulfone (GAPPS): A Conjunctive Reagent for the Synthesis of EE, EZ, and ET 1,3-Dienes†

A three-operation conjunctive strategy is available for the synthesis of EE, EZ, and ET dienes. This protocol employs a sequential Wadsworth−Emmons reaction using a GAPPS reagent followed by alkylation of an allylic sulfone anion, and finally ligand-mediated, palladium-catalyzed desulfonylation.
Probabilistic assessment of the seismic hazard for Eastern United States nuclear power plants

Abstract The purpose of the seismic hazard characterization of the Eastern United States project, for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, was to develop a methodology and data bases to estimate the seismic hazard at all the plant sites east of the Rocky Mountains. A summary of important conclusions reached in this multi year study is presented. The magnitude and role of the uncertainty in the hazard estimates is emphasized in regard to the intended final use of the results.
Vibrations and waves in laminated orthotropic circular cylinders

Abstract A method is presented for studying the free vibrations of a circular cylinder composed of an arbitrary number of bonded elastic, cylindrically orthotropic layers. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the complete three-dimensional theory of elasticity. In this paper, all displacements are taken in the form of trigonometric functions in both the circumferential angle and axial variables, while their radial behavior is modeled by an approximate displacement field characterized by a discrete number of coordinates. The discretized model leads to an algebraic eigenvalue problem which is solved by an efficient numerical technique. The solutions give the natural frequencies and associated modal patterns, the lowest ten of which are determined. Stresses are directly calculated from the eigenvectors to give complete physical information. Several homogeneous isotropic cylinders are studied to ascertain the accuracy and effectiveness of the method and an orthotropic cylinder is compared with known approximate results. Additional examples of homogeneous and laminated orthotropic cylinders are given to furnish some insight into their physical behavior.
Preparation of product-specific antisera by gene fusion: antibodies specific for the product of the yeast cell-division-cycle gene CDC28

Antisera with specificity for the product of a yeast cell-division-cycle (CDC) gene were prepared by immunizing rabbits to a novel hybrid polypeptide. A segment of the yeast gene CDC28 was fused to the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, which encodes beta-galactosidase, by insertion of yeast sequences into the plasmid pBGF1. pBGF1 contains the lac promoter-operator and most of the lacZ gene. An EcoRI site, 16 codons upstream from the carboxyterminus of the beta-galactosidase coding region, served as a convenient splicing site for the heterologous sequences. To insure that an open reading frame be maintained between the two gene segments for some portion of the fusions, the CDC28-encoding segments were first subjected to limited digestion with nuclease BAL31 to produce random junction points. A hybrid polypeptide encoded by such a continuous open reading frame was purified from E. coli by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and used to immunize rabbits. The resulting antisera were shown to have specificity for CDC28 gene product synthesized by cell-free translation of yeast mRNA.
Curve numbers for nine mountainous eastern United States watersheds: seasonal variation and forest cutting

Many engineers and hydrologists use the curve number method to estimate runoff from ungaged watersheds; however, the method does not explicitly account for the influence of season or forest cutting on runoff. This study of observed rainfall and runoff for small, forested watersheds that span the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States showed that curve numbers calibrated for the growing season tended to be smaller than for the dormant season. Forest cutting tended to increase curve numbers. However, the increase in water yield following forest cutting on these watersheds only lasted 1 year to 11 years, thereby limiting the precision of the curve numbers estimated for these brief hydrologic effect periods. This study highlights the need to account for seasonal and forest cutting when estimating runoff from some forested watersheds.
Disparities in cardiovascular disease risk and treatment: demographic comparison.

Background Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality can be prevented by identification and modification of specific risk factors. Ethnic minorities have a higher incidence of cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, ethnic minorities often reside in medically underserved areas and are subject to health care disparities. We hypothesized that ethnic minorities residing in medically underserved areas would experience greater health care disparities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment compared with those residing near an urban academic medical center. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review (N = 200) comparing an urban academic medical center with a rural community center. We evaluated the effects of ethnicity, demographics, and the absence or presence of CVD on cardiovascular risk factor prevalence, risk factor reduction, and CVD prevention and treatment. Results We found that Hispanics had more cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with non-Hispanic whites. However, there were no ethnically based differences in risk factor prevalence by location. Additionally, ethnicity had no impact on the management of cardiovascular risk factors. However, patients with CVD residing in the rural location, regardless of ethnicity, received significantly fewer secondary prevention treatments compared with patients residing near the urban academic medical center, including aspirin or antiplatelets (p Conclusions Hispanics have more CVD risk factors than non-Hispanic whites but receive equivalent prevention initiatives. Residing in a rural, medically underserved area, regardless of ethnicity, was associated with the largest CVD treatment and health care disparity.
Comparison of a Tympanic Thermometer to Rectal and Oral Thermometers in a Pediatric Emergency Department

We performed a clinical trial of a new tympanic thermometer to test its accuracy in a pediatric emergency department. Tympanic temperature was compared to oral or rectal glass and electronic temperature, depending on the developmental age of the child. Results were controlled for age of the child, cooperation, quantity of cerumen, and the presence or absence of otitis media.Our results suggest good correlation of tympanic with oral and rectal glass thermometry except in infants less than three months of age. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 80% and 93% for detecting fever of 38°C and 80% and 95% for detecting fever of 38.5°C.
Maltreated youth display a blunted blood pressure response to an acute interpersonal stressor

Although there is much evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction among individuals who have experienced child maltreatment, dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has received less attention. Understanding the role of the ANS in maltreated children may help clarify how these children respond to subsequent life stress. We explored ANS reactivity among 111 youth (ages 9–14), 34 of whom had experienced verified child maltreatment. ANS activity was assessed via blood pressure—a convenient, noninvasive physiological index—while youth underwent a social stress task. Blood pressure and subjective mood ratings were obtained prior to and following the task. Nonmaltreated youth experienced an increase in systolic blood pressure following the stressor, whereas maltreated youth did not. Self-reported subjective mood worsened for both groups. The current data suggest that children who experienced early stress exposure demonstrate blunted ANS reactivity. Results are discussed in terms of ...
Different methods of complex interpolation

We prove that the classic interpolation spaces of Calderon can be defined using spaces of functions that satisfy weaket conditions. For Calderon's second space we use a space of functions defined by Cwickel and Janson; we then modify their definition to find another space of functions which defines Calderon's first space.
Exact Convex Confidence-Weighted Learning

Confidence-weighted (CW) learning [6], an online learning method for linear classifiers, maintains a Gaussian distributions over weight vectors, with a covariance matrix that represents uncertainty about weights and correlations. Confidence constraints ensure that a weight vector drawn from the hypothesis distribution correctly classifies examples with a specified probability. Within this framework, we derive a new convex form of the constraint and analyze it in the mistake bound model. Empirical evaluation with both synthetic and text data shows our version of CW learning achieves lower cumulative and out-of-sample errors than commonly used first-order and second-order online methods.
Sobriety checkpoints, American style

In 1990, the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz declared sobriety checkpoints constitutional in part because they were effective in reducing drunken driving. This report reviews the scientific literature on checkpoint effectiveness in order to evaluate the claim of deterrent accomplishments made in the briefs supporting the police. It concludes that studies available at the time of the initial trial were insufficient to support the claim, but that more recent studies lay a better foundation for believing that checkpoints can deter drunken driving. The Court's definition of effectiveness, however, turns out to have been based on checkpoints' yield of arrests rather than on considerations of deterrence.
The epidemiology of coeliac disease in South Wales: a 28-year perspective

Objectives The diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) has increased in frequency, particularly since the accuracy of serological antibody testing has improved. Previous studies from South Wales have shown an increase in the frequency of diagnosis from 1983 to 2004 with a decrease in specific gastro-intestinal symptoms, as well as an increasing age at diagnosis. Aims/methods We aimed to determine whether the frequency of diagnosis, the age at presentation and the clinical presentation of CD have changed between 2005 and 2011 compared with previously published data from 1983 to 2004. We reviewed all patients with CD presenting to the South Wales’ Regional Centre between 2005 and 2011 and compared the age and documented mode of presentation with previous data from the same area. Results 163 cases of CD were diagnosed between 2005 and 2011 (23 cases/year) with the median age at diagnosis increasing to 14 years (range 0.8–16 years) compared with 50 cases (8/year) between 1999 and 2004 (median age at diagnosis 8 years), 25 cases (2.5/year) between 1990 and 1998 and 11 cases (1.5/year) between 1983 and 1989. 41% presented with specific gastro-intestinal symptoms, 23% with non-gastro-intestinal features and 36% were asymptomatic and diagnosed after serological screening of high-risk groups. Compared with the most recent previous study from the same population, the percentage of patients presenting with gastro-intestinal symptoms remain similar (42% vs 41%) but patients diagnosed after targeted screening had increased from 26% to 36%. Conclusions The frequency of diagnosis of CD in this defined population has continued to rise, with an increase in the median age at diagnosis, and over 50% of patients exhibited few or no symptoms.
Could Schizophrenia Be a Viral Zoonosis Transmitted From House Cats

Studies have suggested that some cases of schizophrenia may be caused by viruses. We hypothesize that such cases may be cases of viral zoonosis transmitted primarily from house cats. Epidemiological aspects of schizophrenia and a case-control questionnaire support this hypothesis.
Pyoderma gangrenosum--rebel without a cure?

Abst ract Background Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic, ulcerating dermatosis that is frequently difficult to diagnose and often a diagnosis of exclusion. It is hypothesized that PG may be caused by an abnormal T-cell and neutrophil response, which correlates with its common link to other disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and malignancies. Several treatments have been used successfully for PG, but none has proven to be universally effective. Methods We present three cases of PG treated with adalimumab after failed courses of steroids (orally and parenterally), thalidomide, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil. Results Patients 2 and 3, who had previously responded to infliximab, albeit with recurrence, were successfully treated with adalimumab at a dose of 40 mg once a week. Patient 1 initially responded to adalimumab, but after 7.5 months failed to show wound bed improvement at a dose of 80 mg/week subcutaneously. This patient had not previously been treated with infliximab. Conclusion We believe adalimumab to be a valuable alternative for the treatment of PG, with comparable efficacy to infliximab.
Psychology of Color: Similarities Between Abstract and Clothing Color Preferences:

Two studies, one of university students and one of non-students, of the similarities between color preferences as an abstract concept and color preferences for clothing are reported. Using Munsell ...
Synthesis of Cimiracemate B, A Phenylpropanoid found in Cimicifuga racemosa

The synthesis of the rare bioactive phenylpropanoid ester known as cimiracemate B (1) from black cohosh, Cimicifuga racemosa, is described. The procedure employs a coupling method using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole and methyltrifluoromethanesulfonate as coupling reagents in the presence of N-methylmorpholine.
Tracheal Stenosis in Feedlot Cattle

None of these lesions resembles those of tracheal stenosis of feedlot cattle. Twenty-six postmortem specimens consisting of trachea and sometimes lung and larynx were received from 16 different feedlots between 1982 and 1990. Five came from 1 feedlot, and 4 came from each of 2 premises. The remainder were single submissions from different feedlots. No particular seasonal occurrence was reflected by these specimens. Cattle presented for necropsy usually represented 1 of several cases that had occurred throughout the year in that particular group of cattle. All necropsies were performed by the attending veterinarian The most striking lesion described in each case was marked submucosal edema and hemorrhage dorsal and ventral to the trachealis muscle, which resulted in ventral displacement of the mucosa and partial to complete occlusion of the tracheal lumen (Fig. 1). In most specimens, the involved area extended from midtrachea caudally to the tracheal bifurcation. Submucosal thickening was greatest in the center of the affected tracheal segment. Diffuse hemorrhage in peritracheal connective tissues and surrounding muscles of the neck was reported in some cases but is commonly seen in deaths resulting from asphyxia. Sagittal and transverse sections of each trachea were fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin, processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome. Microscopic findings were similar among cases. The tracheal mucosa was hyperemic and hyperplastic, with focal erosions, squamous metaplasia, and loss of cilia. In acute cases, the submucosa was markedly thickened because of hemorrhage and edema. The trachealis muscle was dissected from surrounding connective tissues, and its muscle bundles