cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Industrial Structure and Resources upon the Distribution of Fast-growing Small Firms among US Urbanised Areas

The organisational structure of a community, especially the local mix of industries and the stock of organisations able to provide resources useful to small firms, affects the community's ability t...
An adaptable security framework for service-based systems

A major advantage of service-based computing technology is the ability to enable rapid formation of large-scale distributed systems by composing massively available services to achieve the system goals, regardless of the programming languages and platforms used to develop and run these services. In these large-scale service-based systems, various capabilities are provided by different organizations and interconnected by various types of networks, including wireless (infrastructure or ad hoc) and wired networks. For these systems which often involve multiple organizations, high confidence and adaptability are of prime concern to ensure that users can use these systems anywhere, any time, through various devices, knowing that their confidentiality and privacy are well protected under various situations. In this paper, an adaptable security framework for large-scale service-based systems is presented. It includes a core ontology and a logic-based situation-aware security specification language for specifying dynamic security policies for service-based systems, an approach to policy conflict detection and resolution, and tools for generating and deploying security agents to enforce security policies. With this framework, various parties of large-scale service-based systems can rapidly specify, update, verify, and enforce security policies in service-based systems to meet their security requirements under various situations.
Frequent and Early Death Limits Quality of Life Assessment in Patients with Advanced Malignancies Evaluated for Palliative Surgical Intervention

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and optimal timing of quality of life assessment for patients undergoing palliative surgical evaluation.
Correlates of Student Preference for Online Instruction over Face-to-Face Instruction:

In order to examine current online course delivery systems, the authors created and conducted a survey that examined both face-to-face (FTF) and online education (OE) classes offered at 46 universi...
Fractalkine Preferentially Mediates Arrest and Migration of CD16+ Monocytes

CD16 � monocytes represent 5‐10% of peripheral blood monocytes in normal individuals and are dramatically expanded in several pathological conditions including sepsis, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, and cancer. CD16 � monocytes produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and may represent dendritic cell precursors in vivo. The mechanisms that mediate the recruitment of CD16 � monocytes into tissues remain unknown. Here we investigate molecular mechanisms of CD16 � monocyte trafficking and show that migration of CD16 � and CD16 � monocytes is mediated by distinct combinations of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors. In contrast to CD16 � monocytes, CD16 � monocytes expressed high CX3CR1 and CXCR4 but low CCR2 and CD62L levels and underwent efficient transendothelial migration in response to fractalkine (FKN; FKN/CX3CL1) and stromal-derived factor 1 � (CXCL12) but not monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2). CD16 � monocytes arrested on cell surface‐expressed FKN under flow with higher frequency compared with CD16 � monocytes. These results demonstrate that FKN preferentially mediates arrest and migration of CD16 � monocytes and suggest that recruitment of this proinflammatory monocyte subset to vessel walls via the CX3CR1-FKN pathway may contribute to vascular and tissue injury during pathological conditions.
Adaptive Style in Children with Cancer: Implications for a Positive Psychology Approach

psychosocial adjustment that has been observed in children with cancer, and to integrate findings regarding repressive adaptive style into a broader positive psychology framework. Method A selective review of the literature on adaptive style, and its’ relevance to outcomes of depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, somatic distress, and health-related quality of life in children with cancer. Results Studies have found children with cancer report low levels of psychological distress. Adaptive style is a much stronger predictor of psychosocial outcomes than is health history. Conclusion Children with cancer represent a flourishing population. A repressive adaptive style is one pathway to resilience in this population. Additional constructs from the domain of positive psychology are reviewed, and a positive psychology model is suggested as a framework for guiding future research in this area.
Chlorpheniramine plasma concentration and histamine H1‐receptor occupancy

The plasma concentration-response relationship of the antihistamine chlorpheniramine is poorly characterized. This study examined concurrently the concentrations of chlorpheniramine and presence of H1-receptor antagonist in plasma after administration of 8 mg chlorpheniramine in normal volunteers. Six extensive metabolizers and five poor metabolizers, as judged by CYP2D6 phenotype (dextromethorphan metabolic ratio), were enrolled in the study. More than 80% occupancy of H1-receptors by antagonist in plasma was observed for 12 hours after the dose in extensive metabolizers and greater than 60% from 12 to 30 hours in poor metabolizers, when plasma concentrations had fallen below those that should result in 50% occupancy of receptors. The results suggest that (±)-chlorpheniramine plasma concentrations do not predict H1-receptor antagonist in plasma. In addition, a role is suggested for CYP2D6 in formation of a potent active metabolite of chlorpheniramine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1995) 58, 210–220; doi:
Strontium ranelate promotes osteoblastic cell replication through at least two different mechanisms

The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in osteoblastic cell replication induced by strontium ranelate are presently under investigation. The calcium-sensing receptor is a suggested target but other potential mechanisms have not been investigated. Signaling pathways involved in strontium ranelate-induced replication were investigated in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 and pluripotent mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells. Strontium ranelate effects were compared with those of calcium chloride as Ca(2+). In MC3T3-E1 cells, strontium ranelate but not CaCl(2) dose-dependently increased cell number whereas similar effects were observed for both cations in C3H10T1/2 cells. Immunoblot analysis indicated that activation of ERK, PKC and PKD by strontium ranelate in MC3T3-E1 cells was delayed compared with CaCl(2). Indeed, onset of signaling by strontium ranelate was detected after one or several hours whereas CaCl(2) had a maximal effect already after 5 min exposure. In C3H10T1/2 cells, strontium ranelate induced two types of signaling, a rapid effect and a delayed response. In addition to activation of ERK, PKC and PKD, strontium ranelate and CaCl(2) also transiently activated p38 in C3H10T1/2 cells. Functional analysis with specific inhibitors indicated that cell replication induced by strontium ranelate involves a PKC/PKD pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells and p38 in C3H10T1/2 cells. In both cell types, inhibition of the ERK pathway decreased basal cell replication but not the strontium ranelate response. In conclusion, strontium ranelate increases the replication of cells of the osteoblastic lineage by two distinct cellular mechanisms. Strontium ranelate may directly interact with the CaSR and trigger mitogenic signals such as p38 in C3H10T1/2 cells. The delayed activation of several signaling pathways in both cell lines, however, suggests the release of an autocrine growth factor by strontium ranelate that represents another potential mechanism for inducing osteoblastic cell replication.
Computer network interconnection

Abstract This report examines the current situation regarding the interconnection of computer networks, especially packet switched networks (PSNs). Four major types of interconnections are surveyed: 1. 1. Circuit Switched Network to PSN 2. 2. Star Network to PSN 3. 3. Simple Terminal to PSN 4. 4. PSN to PSN The emphasis is on identifying the barriers to interconnection and on surveying approaches to a solution, rather than recommending any single course of action.
Ask the Professor: Did the European Court of Justice Properly Rule By Dismissing the U.K.'s Attempt to Annul ESMA's Regulation Banning Short Selling?

In Europe, financial laws and regulations are now governed under a European regulatory model rather than by each respective country. Given the presence of London as a major financial center, the UK government has challenged some of these new laws and regulations as they have impacted the ability of the UK government to establish its own set of laws and regulations. This article analyzes the various issues raised in this case brought by the UK government before the European Court of Justice. The ECJ held against the UK government and refused to annul this new ESMA regulation banning short sales.
An equation-free introduction to post-mortem MR image contrast and pulse sequence optimization

Abstract Due to the excellent sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging to subtle differences in soft tissues, MR enables non-invasive anatomical imaging with superior soft tissue contrast relative to X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). However, relative to the X-ray modalities, the utility of MR in the post-mortem setting is currently less well-defined. MR is significantly different from the X-ray modalities, in terms of the underlying principles of image formation, the equipment and expertise necessary to acquire the images, and the appearance of the images themselves. Because MR is sensitive to subtle differences in soft tissues, factors unique to the post-mortem setting, particularly variations in body temperature, tend to have a greater effect on MR imaging relative to the X-ray modalities. Fortunately, MR is inherently flexible and adaptable; there are many types of MR protocols, each with user-controlled parameters that can be adjusted to achieve the best imaging of a specific pathology or anatomic structure, at a given temperature or post-mortem interval (PMI). Optimizing, validating, and standardizing post-mortem MR (PMMR) protocols represents a challenging yet achievable long-term goal. For those interested in developing a better understanding of how to optimize PMMR image quality, this review is intended to provide some guidance, from a technical (but non-mathematical) perspective. A practical explanation of basic pulse sequences and MR relaxation times, and their relationship to tissue contrast, is provided. Strategies for optimizing PMMR for forensic imaging applications, suitable for users with varying levels of expertise, are discussed in the context of current progress in this area.
Cross-Section of Return Expectations

This chapter discusses the literature on the cross-section of expected returns or the characteristics literature. This literature is the focal point of a debate between proponents of market efficiency and proponents of behavioral finance. Proponents of market efficiency argue that characteristics explain returns because they proxy for risk. Proponents of behavioral finance argue that characteristics explain returns because they reflect investor errors. The chapter reviews the characteristics literature, focusing on the nature of investor errors and the extent to which these errors affect risk premiums. Although a central tenet of modern finance is that the relationship between risk and return is positive, many investors appear to form judgments to the contrary. Evidence suggests that investors' reliance on the representativeness heuristic is the key reason why they expect high returns from safe stocks. Investors who judge that good stocks are stocks of good companies will associate good stocks with both safety and high future returns. The variables that enter into the cross-section of realized returns also enter into the cross-section of return expectations. However, many investors erroneously attach the opposite sign to return expectations, relative to the sign that applies to realize returns. Wall Street analysts appear to make fewer errors than most investors. They too, though, attach the wrong sign to prior short-term returns and to book-to-market equity.
An Activity Aware Placement Approach For 3D FPGAs (Abstract Only)

In order to cope with increasing demand for higher logic densities and shrinking feature sizes, there has been a concerted effort by academia and industry towards the design of three dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). Various architectural approaches have been investigated over the past few years in order to realize functional 3D ICs. A majority of such research has been focused on devices such as memories, caches and other application specific circuits. Not much work has been done in the FPGA community on the exploration of 3D FPGAs both at the architectural and EDA levels. This work aims to look at placement methodologies and metrics for island style 3D FPGAs from a thermal perspective. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that unlike previous related works on 3D FPGA placement which rely solely on wirelength and TSV (Through Silicon Via)-count minimization to evaluate placement, we propose a 3D placer that also takes into consideration, the transition density of each net to ensure a more thermally balanced spatial distribution of nets on the chip. This placement methodology tries to place nets which exhibit higher transition densities on the lower most layer of the FPGA. The lowest layer is typically closest to the heat sink and placing nets with higher switching activity on this layer will aid heat dissipation in a more effective manner and reduce hot spots on the chip. This placer was tested on a four layer 3D FPGA model using MCNC benchmarks and on average, around 40 % of high activity nets were placed on the lowest layer as compared to a placer that did not employ transition density based cost scaling during placement.
Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy: The Connective Mindshift

Public diplomacy scholars, students and policy makers can breathe a sigh of relief. They no longer need to search high and low for literature on the relational approach to public diplomacy. Finally...
Ascariasis: Nutritional Implications

Ascaris lumbricoides, the roundworm, is one of the largest parasites of man and probably infects one in four persons in the world. Despite its prevalence, ascariasis is a largely neglected public health problem that has attracted relatively little scientific inquiry. Frequently, a number of biases contribute to the uncritical conclusion that infection with A. lumbricoides adversely affects the nutritional status of the host. This situation is exacerbated by number of studies that have confirmed these biases but have employed questionable methods, such as the use of small samples and indistinct categories, the neglect of the double-blind safeguard, the selection of inadequate controls, and the performance of experiments that are not reproducible in a variety of circumstances. It is interesting to note that studies claiming positive correlation between ascariasis and protein energy malnutrition have not found a significant difference in weight between infected and uninfected children before intervention. Furthermore, several recent studies have shown no significant improvement in nutritional status after intervention. Thus, the causal relationship between ascariasis and protein energy malnutrition is not clearly proved, and it is premature to advocate mass treatment of children in ascariasis-endemic areas as a method to enhance their growth and development.
Pigmented and depigmented lesions of the ocular fundus

Purpose of reviewPigmented and depigmented ocular fundus lesions (de-POFLs) can be isolated and clinically insignificant, or they may be the hallmark of associated serious systemic disorders such as familial polyposis. The ophthalmologist is often called upon to look for these retinal lesions, or ma
Dynamic Compressive Strength of Cementitious Materials

Finite-element codes for structural response of reinforced concrete use as a parameter the unconfined compressive strength of the concrete, f c ', which is sometimes increased by an arbitrary factor for dynamic loading. The objective of this research is to determine the rate dependence of f c ' and eventually to model the rate-dependent constitutive behavior. Results of tests with a small Kolsky bar system and of a newly built larger system on concrete with a maximum aggregate size 1/2 inch are reported with strain rates at the maximum stress from 50 to 800/sec for mortar and from 5 to 120/sec for concrete. An apparent rate dependence up to almost twice the static strength is observed for both. The mortar shows an apparent linear dependence, while the high-strength concrete shows an approximately logarithmic dependence on the strain rate at the maximum stress, over the dynamic range observed. Some questions about specimen size effects and about how much of the apparent strain-rate effect is really a lateral inertia confinement effect are as yet unresolved. Continuing research is focused on observation of the lateral motion to assess lateral inertia effects in unconfined specimens and on passive confinement by steel jackets. Future efforts will be directed toward constitutive modeling.
Why winners win: decision making in medical malpractice cases.

AbstractA high percentage of physicians will, at some time in their careers, face a lawsuit, possibly finding themselves in the courtroom even when they have not made a medical mistake. Despite the presumption that juries are biased in favor of injured plaintiffs, physicians win most of their trials
Elder mistreatment: its relevance to older women.

Elder mistreatment, both abuse and neglect, is an important health care problem for women since they are involved as victims and as perpetrators. The incidence of both forms of such mistreatment is increasing, and both often occur within the context of long-term care. Elder abuse occurs in both unidirectional and dual directional forms, and includes parent abuse and spouse abuse. Elder neglect occurs in two forms; neglect by others and self-neglect. While elderly men and women are both neglected and/or abused, women may suffer greater physical and psychological consequences. To date, researchers have inadequately addressed the relevance of gender to both forms of elder mistreatment. This literature review addresses what is currently known about elder abuse and neglect that is of particular relevance to older women. Language: en
Non-state Armed Groups as a Threat to Global Security: What Threat, Whose Security?

What kind of security threats do non-state armed groups pose, and to whom? The literature has tended to take the state as a reference point for the study of non-state armed groups: insurgents have long been regarded as domestic military threats, and since 9/11, terrorism has been increasingly treated as a major transnational military threat. Because literature on armed non-state actors typically situates them in the context of war or protracted conflict, the state-centric and militarized view of these groups is rarely contested. However, data on 232 armed groups in twenty-three Asian countries from 1985 to 2014 show that the primary threat such groups most consistently pose is to the human security of local civilian populations, rather than the military security of states. A human security perspective suggests alternatives to military responses, the need for more tailored non-military interventions, and the necessity of improved data collection on non-state armed groups that exist in- and outside the context of conventional war.
Chemical Reactions in Condensed Media

The generalized Langevin equation (GLE) is given by $$\dot \vec p(t) = \vec F[\vec x(t)] - \int\limits_0^t {d\tau \beta (\tau )} \vec p(t - \tau ) + \vec f(t)$$ (1) Where \(\vec{F}[\vec{x}(t)]\) is the position dependent force, \(\vec{f}\left( t \right)\) is a stochastic force, and β(t) is a memory function, \(\left( {{{k}_{B}}{{T}_{\mu }}} \right) - 1\left\langle {\overrightarrow f \left( t \right)\bullet \overrightarrow f \left( 0 \right)} \right\rangle\) Where μ is the mass and kB is Boltzmann’s constant. The zero-frequency friction is \(\int\limits_{o}^{\infty } {dtB(t)} \equiv {{\beta }_{o}}\).
p -Adic properties of coefficients of certain half-integral weight modular forms

Abstract In this paper, we study the parallel cases of Zagier's and Folsom–Ono's grids of weakly holomorphic (resp. weakly holomorphic and mock modular) forms of weights 3/2 and 1/2, investigating their p-adic properties under the action of Hecke operators.
Burkitt's lymphoma in AIDS: cytogenetic study

Cytogenetic studies were done in two cases of Burkitt's lymphoma in homosexual individuals with possible acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The chromosomal abnormalities found are consistent with those previously described in the nonendemic form of Burkitt's lymphoma, with one of the two patients having the variant translocation, t(8;22). The production of the kappa light chain immunoglobulin by the tumor cells from the patient having t(8;22) and the occurrence of the different sites of translocation of the duplication of 1 q in the second patient are unusual findings. Whether there is an increase in the incidence of the variant translocation t(8;22) is yet to be determined.
Cataloguers May Tend to Have Learning Styles Different from Other Library Job Responsibilities

Objective – To determine whether relationships exist between academic librarians’ learning styles and their professional work responsibilities. Design – Self-selecting survey. Setting – Email listservs. Subjects – 1579 academic librarians. Methods – The authors used the Index of Learning Styles questionnaire, based on the Felder-Silverman Learning Styles model consisting of eight dimensions on four scales: Active/Reflective, Sensing/Intuitive, Visual/Verbal, and Sequential/Global. The multiple choice survey was distributed online to 23 email listservs for academic librarians in 2011, and to 14 additional listservs in 2013 targeting technical services librarians. 1579 responses were received in total, which were analyzed using ANOVA with a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc mean separation, and descriptively using observed frequencies. Main Results – In examining the relationship between positions and learning styles, the study revealed there to be five statistically significant p-values when the data were analyzed. Catalogers (n=145) were found to be more reflective learners compared to Administrative (n=321) and Instruction librarians (n=228) at the p = 0.009 level. Administrative, Instruction, and “Other” librarians were found to be more intuitive learners than Catalogers, who are more likely to be sensing learners, at the p = 0.0004 level. Digital librarians (n=40) are more likely to be visual learners and Catalogers more likely to be sequential learners when compared to several other librarian categories, at the p = 0.020 and p = 0.001 levels respectively. Conclusions – The authors concluded that there were some statistically significant differences between librarians’ learning styles scores according to job responsibilities. Catalogers were found to have different learning styles than other types of librarians for three out of four scales. Based on these findings, the authors indicate that further research into how librarians’ work responsibilities impact learning styles is justified.
Conditioning- and time-dependent increases in context fear and generalization

A prominent feature of fear memories and anxiety disorders is that they endure across extended periods of time. Here, we examine how the severity of the initial fear experience influences incubation, generalization, and sensitization of contextual fear memories across time. Adult rats were presented with either five, two, one, or zero shocks (1.2 mA, 2 sec) during contextual fear conditioning. Following a recent (1 d) or remote (28 d) retention interval all subjects were returned to the original training context to measure fear memory and/or to a novel context to measure the specificity of fear conditioning. Our results indicate rats that received two or five shocks show an "incubation"-like enhancement of fear between recent and remote retention intervals, while single-shocked animals show stable levels of context fear memory. Moreover, when fear was tested in a novel context, 1 and 2 shocked groups failed to freeze, whereas five shocked rats showed a time-dependent generalization of context memory. Stress enhancement of fear learning to a second round of conditioning was evident in all previously shocked animals. Based on these results, we conclude that the severity or number of foot shocks determines not only the level of fear memory, but also the time-dependent incubation of fear and its generalization across distinct contexts.
Existence of positive solutions to semilinear elliptic systems with supercritical growth

ABSTRACTWe establish the existence of positive entire solutions to cooperative systems of semilinear elliptic equations involving nonlinearities with critical and supercritical growth. Consequently, we obtain existence results to several well-known model examples such as systems of the Henon, Lane–Emden, and stationary Schrodinger types. The main technique for generating our results relies on a topological approach for the shooting method combined with nonexistence results to closely related boundary value problems.
Regional Anesthesia (Nerve Blocks)

Repair of wounds where preserving anatomical landmarks or having precise anatomical alignment is important (e.g., vermillion border of lip)
Abstract 4752: Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in endometrial carcinoma: evidence from an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group trial

Objectives: Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that mediates epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes. It is commonly over-expressed in several solid tumors and has been shown to be a prognostic biomarker in breast, renal, and gastric cancers. This study aims to investigate patterns of EZH2 expression in endometrial cancer. Methods: Evaluation of expression of EZH2 was completed on both early and advanced stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues and a subset of matched normal mullerian tissue samples, from participants enrolled in GOG protocol 210, using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) analysis. Investigators were blinded to clinical data. One-way ANOVA, F test and Fisher9s exact test were used to assess differences in log mRNA and protein expression respectively with known clinical and pathologic prognostic factors. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate differences in progression free survival (PFS) based on EZH2 expression. Results: Eight-seven specimens were analyzed including 60 tumors and 27 normal tissue specimens. EZH2 mRNA and protein expression in tumor specimens was significantly higher than in matched controls (paired t test, p Conclusions: Our results confirm that there is differential expression of EZH2 in uterine cancers compared to normal tissues and suggests a potential role of the EZH2 as prognostic marker of aggressive disease in patients with endometrial cancer. In view of the substantial portion of early stage low grade tumors expressing EZH2, it will be interesting to investigate if increased EZH2 protein levels may also have therapeutic implications, since targeted inhibition of EZH2 expression has been shown to repress tumor cell growth in other solid malignancies. Further investigation into this potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target is warranted. Citation Format: Lauren Krill, Shamshad Ali, Ramez Eskander, Meenakshi Singh, David Mutch, Susan Zweizig, Michael Birrer, Heather Lankes, Bang Hoang, Leslie Randall. Overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in endometrial carcinoma: evidence from an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4752.
Time-Mortality Relationships to Control Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) Exposed to High and Low Temperatures.

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) is a widely distributed pest species that is of significant economic importance for dry-cured country hams. Methyl bromide was used for decades in country ham plants to control this pest, but now this fumigant is recognized as an atmospheric ozone-depleting compound and will be phased out for all uses in the near future. Of various chemical and nonchemical alternatives to methyl bromide, extreme temperatures are viable and straightforward nonchemical methods to control pests. This study evaluated the efficacy of high and low temperatures on mortality of mold mite in the laboratory. Ten eggs and a mixture of 40 adults and nymphs were separately exposed to different high and low temperatures, ranging from +35 to 45 °C and from –20 to +5 °C, for several periods of time. Mortality was assessed after a recovery period for each life stage. Tyrophagus putrescentiae eggs were found to be more tolerant to both high and low temperatures than were the mobile stages. Results showed that high temperatures from 40-45 °C killed all mites within 4 to 1 d, respectively, while –10 °C or lower killed all mites in less than 1 d. Regression analyses of mortality data as a function of exposure predicted times for achieving desired levels of mite mortality. This study suggests that extreme temperature treatment can play an important role in integrated pest management programs for dry-cured ham as an alternative to methyl bromide or other chemical treatments.
A Cubic Scaling Algorithm for Excited States Calculations in Particle-Particle Random Phase Approximation

Abstract The particle–particle random phase approximation (pp-RPA) has been shown to be capable of describing double, Rydberg, and charge transfer excitations, for which the conventional time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) might not be suitable. It is thus desirable to reduce the computational cost of pp-RPA so that it can be efficiently applied to larger molecules and even solids. This paper introduces an O ( N 3 ) algorithm, where N is the number of orbitals, based on an interpolative separable density fitting technique and the Jacobi–Davidson eigensolver to calculate a few low-lying excitations in the pp-RPA framework. The size of the pp-RPA matrix can also be reduced by keeping only a small portion of orbitals with orbital energy close to the Fermi energy. This reduced system leads to a smaller prefactor of the cubic scaling algorithm, while keeping the accuracy for the low-lying excitation energies.
Low Energy Neutron Measurements in High Energy Density Plasmas using the National Ignition Facility

Lee A. BERNSTEIN, Darren L. BLEUEL, Joseph A. CAGGIANO, Charles CERJAN, Richard J. FORTNER, Julie GOSTIC, Patrick M. GRANT, Narek GHARIBYAN, Christian HAGMANN, Robert HATARIK, Eugene A. HENRY, Daniel SAYRE, Dieter H. G. SCHNEIDER, Wolfgang STOEFFL, Dawn A. SHAUGHNESSY, Dennis P. McNABB, Charles B. YEAMANS, Natalia P. ZAITSEVA, Joshua A. BROWN1), Brian H. DAUB1), Nicholas M. BRICKNER1), Paul F. DAVIS1), Bethany L. GOLDBLUM1), Karl A. VAN BIBBER1), Jasmina VUJIC1), Mohammad S. BASUNIA2), Richard B. FIRESTONE2), Aaron M. HURST2) and Andrew M. ROGERS2)
Organellar Genomes of the Cucurbits

The cucurbit organellar DNAs possess distinctive characteristics of practical and theoretical significance. Whereas the cucurbit chloroplast DNAs are similar in size, structure, and transmission to most Angiosperms, their mitochondrial DNAs show enormous size differences. Plants in the genus Cucumis have some of the largest mitochondrial DNAs among all plants, due in part to accumulation of repetitive DNAs and inter-genomic transfers. Recombination among these repetitive motifs produces structurally diverse mitochondrial DNAs associated with paternally transmitted mosaic phenotypes and altered gene expression. The mitochondrial DNAs of Cucumis species are paternally transmitted, which is relatively rare among Angiosperms. The unique characteristics of the Cucumis organelles are interesting not only from an evolutionary point-of-view, but also may allow for characterization of beneficial organellar-nuclear interactions, generation of mitochondrial mutants, transformation of the mitochondrial DNA, and knock-downs of mitochondrial-gene expression.
Sensitivity distribution simulations of surface electrode configurations for electrical impedance myography.

Introduction Surface-based electrical impedance myography (EIM) is sensitive to muscle condition in neuromuscular disorders. However, the specific contribution of muscle to the obtained EIM values is unknown. Methods We combined theory and the finite element method to calculate the electrical current distribution in a 3-dimensional model using different electrode array designs and subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFTs). Through a sensitivity analysis, we decoupled the contribution of muscle from other surrounding tissues in the measured surface impedance values. Results The contribution of muscle to surface EIM values varied greatly depending on the electrode array size and the SFT. For example, the contribution of muscle with 6-mm SFT was 8% for a small array compared with 32% for a large array. Conclusions The approach presented can be employed to inform the design of robust EIM electrode configurations that maximize the contribution of muscle across the disease and injury spectrum. Muscle Nerve 56: 887–895, 2017
Air Pollution, Housing Prices, and Costs of Sanctions: A Natural Experiment

We analyze the causal impact of air pollution on the housing market as the result of a dramatic exogenous increase in air pollution levels in Tehran in 2010 in the aftermath of sanctions imposed on Iran. The sanctions, intended to pressure Iran to end uranium enrichment activities, targeted gasoline imports into the country. In response, Iran rapidly converted some petrochemical plants into refineries to produce gasoline, which was of much lower quality. This caused a quick and drastic increase in air pollution levels that varied significantly across individual neighborhoods. Using this natural experiment and unique administrative data on Tehran’s housing market, we find that a 30 parts-per-billion increase in outdoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide leads to a decrease in housing prices of approximately 3 percent to 6 percent. We find that lower levels of air pollution are associated with higher price-rent ratios, and higher levels of air pollution raise the odds that owners will rent their property rather than occupy it themselves. Our welfare analysis suggests that the deterioration of air quality in 2010 is associated with a reduction in aggregate housing values of $11 billion to $16 billion in Tehran alone. Also, this paper offers what we believe is a first examination of indirect costs that stem from international sanctions against Iran.
Case Studies, Selective Realism, and Historical Evidence

Case studies of science concerning the interpretation of specific theories and the nature of theory change over time are often presented as evidence for or against forms of selective realism: versions of scientific realism that advocate belief in connection with certain components of theories as opposed to their content as a whole. I consider the question of how probative case studies can be in this sphere, focusing on two prominent examples of selectivity: explanationist realism, which identifies realist commitment with components of theories that are putatively required to explain their empirical success; and entity realism, which identifies realist commitment with certain putatively causally efficacious entities. I argue that while case studies are essential to debates about these positions, they are not compelling in the way that their intended use suggests. Regarding explanationism, concerns about the “neutrality” of historical evidence are ultimately indefeasible. Regarding entity realism, arguments for and against naturally dissolve into disputes about the reference of theoretical terms which are insulated from the details of cases. I conclude by suggesting that the morals of this discussion extend to other forms of selective realism, namely structural realism and semirealism.
‘She used his name’: provider trait mindfulness in perinatal death counselling / ‘Ella usó el nombre de él’: mindfulness de los rasgos del proveedor en la terapia por muerte perinatal

AbstractMillions of babies die of stillbirth every year around the world, yet there is a dearth of research on the helping behaviours of counsellors working with grieving families. Mindfulness-based interventions have been increasingly used, and researched, in vulnerable populations. While many studies have empirically focused on mindfulness as an intervention, very few studies have examined trait mindfulness in providers and its relationship to perceptions of helping. This study is an open-ended inquiry to explore trait, or dispositional, mindfulness in counsellors/therapists as perceived by bereaved parents in the aftermath of perinatal death. Descriptive data are reported, and a thematic analysis that identified and coded recurring and unifying statements was performed on the qualitative response (n = 94). Findings suggest that trait mindfulness in counsellors/therapists is perceived as helpful and inverse findings were also discovered.
Delivering normative feedback to heavy drinking college students via text messaging: A pilot feasibility study.

Abstract Correcting misperceptions in drinking norms is an established method of reducing college student drinking; however, delivery of accurate norms has typically been limited to a single dose within the confines of an alcohol intervention. The present study tests the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of using text messages to promote pro-moderation descriptive and injunctive norms. Following a baseline survey, 68 heavy drinking college students were randomly assigned to receive 28 daily messages with either accurate norms information (experimental group, n = 34) or fun facts (control group, n = 34). Participants rated each message on a 5-point scale of interest, and at the end of the 28 days completed a follow-up assessment of normative perceptions and drinking behavior. The study protocol was feasible: 87% of invited students completed the screener, 64% of eligible students completed the consent form, and 93% agreed to participate. All messages were delivered and 98% were rated. Regarding acceptability, the mean interest rating for the alcohol-related text messages was 2.84 (SD = 1.30), and no participants withdrew from the study. Although between-group differences were not observed at follow-up, participants in the experimental group showed significant reductions between baseline and follow-up on peak drinks, frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED), negative consequences, and injunctive norms (ps
Solving America’s Prescription Epidemic: Solutions, Current Practices, Provider Internal Skills, and Systems Approach to Care

Solving America’s Prescription epidemic will be a team effort involving medical and pharmaceutical institutions, law enforcement, and community, state and federal governmental support programs. Within medical institutions, hospitalists need an understanding of the nation’s approach to prevention of opioid dependence, current practice management, provider internal skills that must be learned and a systems approach to care. A real case report serves to demonstrate important points in the management of these patients. A graphic demonstrates how patients get caught in a cycle of iatrogenic opioid dependence and how evidence-based methods for the treatment of chronic pain and addiction must be used to lead patients toward independence and self-management. The care pathway for the prevention of addiction is outlined in a graphic and discussed. The hospitalist role is reviewed along with other physician and provider roles to promote teamwork. Community and national strategies from the Institute of Healthcare Improvement outline current strategy that is unfolding to solve this crisis. The hospitalist role will be to coordinate care with other providers, make long-term treatment care plans, withdraw patients from opioids, and participate with system administrators to make the necessary healthcare system organizational changes.
Preservation of C. elegans Tissue Via High-Pressure Freezing and Freeze-Substitution for Ultrastructural Analysis and Immunocytochemistry

High-pressure freezing (HPF) is capable of converting liquid water, to a depth of approx 0.6 mm, into amorphous ice nearly instantaneously. At midbody, an adult Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite approaches its widest girth of approx 0.1 mm. In theory, an entire living adult animal can be physically immobilized instantly in amorphous ice by HPF, thus, providing a unique opportunity to examine cellular architecture with exquisite spatial preservation. The following chapter will discuss, in detail, procedures for freezing C. elegans under high pressure, for embedding frozen samples in resin after a freeze-substitution step, and for the postembedding immunogold labeling of proteins contained within thin sections of embedded animals. These protocols enable high-resolution analysis of both morphological features and molecular domains within most tissues of C. elegans.
A Federal Law of Unfair Competition: What Should Be the Reach of Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act?

Statutes, like human beings, may experience a "mid-life crisis." One notable illustration of this phenomenon is Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act of 1946. This provision, offering federal protection to businesses against many forms of unfair competition engaged in by their rivals, has been the subject of varied and inconsistent judicial treatment. Just as with a growing child, the first eight years of this statute's existence were characterized by few lasting achievements.Then a landmark decision in 1954 recognized and liberated Section 43(a)'s potential. The past two decades have seen an explosion in the kinds of actions brought under this provision. Now that Section 43(a) is recognized as a major weapon in the fight against "unfair competition," however, some courts have resisted its expansion, or have contracted its reach. Thus, the fate of Section 43(a) remains uncertain.This Article proposes the expanded availability of Section 43(a) to allow injured businesses to counter a wide variety of competitive wrongs. It is important that there be a uniform, federal law of unfair competition. Although imaginative attorneys have inappropriately attempted to use this statute for situations for which it was never designed, some courts have also refused to apply the statute to unfair and anticompetitive conduct which may demand relief.The first three sections of this Article briefly review the law of unfair competition prior to the enactment of Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, the legislative history of that provision, and those cases marking its early development. The Article then presents a description of those activities which fall within the statute, and analyzes the limitations imposed by various other courts. The last section begins with an examination of the goals of the trademark laws and of the policy considerations implicated by a broader versus a narrower application of this particular statutory provision. It analyzes the need for a uniform federal approach to unfair competition and discusses particular problem areas under Section 43(a). Finally, this Article argues that the expansion of the Act to cover doubtful activities -- harmful, unfair, or deceptive business practices -- is both necessary and appropriate, and that the extension of the statute to encompass certain other forms of unfair competition would also be desirable.
Preliminary Assessment of Dynamic Voice CT in Post-Airway Reconstruction Patients.

ObjectivesTo compare the ability of the dynamic voice computed tomography (CT) scan to characterize laryngeal function in airway reconstruction patients vs bedside endoscopic nasopharyngolaryngosco...
Biofiltering action on hydrogen sulfide by unmodified activated carbon in sewage treatment plants

Because effluents to atmosphere from sewage treatment typically include hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) among other malodors, and because H 2 S is a light gas, it is commonly assumed that unmodified (“virgin”) activated carbon, which acts largely by physical adsorption, is inadequate for such applications. Instead, caustic-impregnated and other modified carbons have been used in the U.S.A., Europe, and Israel for odor control where H 2 S is an expected airborne component. Our laboratory and full-scale comparative studies question this assumption and practice, and strongly support the advantages of virgin over impregnated or other special carbons for control of H 2 S as well as for general odor removal. In this report, we suggest that biofiltration in the carbon bed helps achieve such favorable outcomes.
The role of the thalamus in pain.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human thalamic and cortical structures that may mediate the sensation of pain. The human thalamic and cortical structures are the sensory discriminative and the motivational-affective aspect of pain. Studies in humans have demonstrated the involvement of both the lateral and medial thalamus in pain processing. In the lateral thalamus, cells responsive to painful stimuli are located in the core area and in the postero-inferior area. Stimulation in the postero-inferior area or at the posterior aspect of the core can evoke pain or visceral pain suggesting the involvement of this area in the mechanism of somatic and visceral pain. Abnormalities in the lateral thalamus in patients with chronic pain point to the involvement of this area in chronic pain in humans. A reorganization of modalities occurs in patients with chronic pain so that the number of sites where thermal sensations are normally evoked by thalamic stimulation is decreased by an amount equal to the increase in the number of sites where pain is evoked.
Signal transduction during T cell development.

The CD4 molecule has important roles in signaling during both T cell development and peripheral helper T cell activation1,2. The ectodomain of CD4 binds to a membrane-proximal domain of MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells3, while its cytoplasmic tail interacts with the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) p56 lck (lck), a member of the src family of protein tyrosine kinases (reviewed in reference 4). These properties of CD4 contribute to the simultaneous interaction of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD4 with the same MHC class II molecule and to the localization of lck to the TCR complex. It has been thought that the function of CD4 (and of the class I-specific coreceptor CD8) in signal transduction is to facilitate localization of lck within the TCR complex, thus initiating a PTK signaling cascade. However, recent studies suggest that the primary function of CD4 may be to physically stabilize the interaction of the TCR with MHC, and that a direct signaling role of the CD4-associated lck molecule may not be required4,5. In this chapter, we discuss a non-catalytic role of the CD4-associated lck molecule in facilitating T cell activation and developmental signaling.