cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and sociodemographic disparities of Hepatitis C in Baby Boomers and the US adult population.

Abstract Background The US Baby Boomer (BB) generation is associated with high rates of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. There is limited literature detailing age-specific risk factors for HCV infection. Using a nationally representative sample, this study examines US adult HCV prevalence and age-specific risk factors for chronic HCV infection. Methods We analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 1999–2012. Age was divided into three categories: BB, younger than BB (YG) and older than BB (OG). HCV status was determined by the presence of a positive HCV antibody and a positive HCV RNA. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed by HCV status. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic variables were fitted to identify age-specific risk factors for HCV positivity. Results The overall prevalence of chronic HCV was 1.19% with a US population estimate of 2,347,852 US adults. BB had the highest prevalence at 2.23%, accounting for over 74% of all chronic HCV cases. HCV prevalence was highest among all ages (1.83%) and BB (2.71%) in 2001–2002 survey cycle. Among BB, males, non-Hispanic blacks, positive blood transfusion history, current and former smoker, and living below the poverty line were significant predictors of chronic HCV positivity. Conclusion This study highlights the elevated prevalence of chronic HCV among BB and identifies age-specific risk factors for chronic HCV infection. As the BB population ages, it is important to use these generation-specific risk factors that can guide health professionals in targeted screening and public health prevention efforts.
Public preferences for Zika policy and responsibility in the absence of partisan cues

In the absence of partisan ownership of an issue, what factors shape public preferences for federal, state and local policy action? The Zika virus provides a unique context in which to examine this question, as it is a new threat to public health in the United States and lacks clear partisan ownership. We examine (1) which Zika policies do citizens support, (2) at which level(s) of government and (3) what factors explain citizen assignment of policy responsibility to different levels of government? Using nationally representative survey data, we find that the three most popular policy responses to Zika are travel warnings, research funding and public education, with the federal government being the preferred policy actor. In the absence of clear partisan issue ownership, we find that Republicans are significantly more likely to prefer state policy action, while partisanship has no impact on public preferences for federal or local policy action.
Use of frequency-difference beamforming for scatterer localization

Acoustic fields interacting with discontinuities or environmental variations lead to secondary scattered fields superimposed onto incident fields. As a result, the signal measured at a remote receiving array will be modified by the scatterer’s presence. Prior work has shown that the effects of strong random scattering are reduced using frequency-difference beamforming to downshift the analysis to a below-band frequency known to be less impacted by scattering. In some applications, information about a scatterer is desired, such as location, shape, or composition. However, a relatively weak scattered field from a single scatterer is difficult to detect when the incident field dominates the measurements, as both conventional and frequency-difference beamforming ambiguity surfaces primarily provide the incident field’s source information. Here, a subtraction-based algorithm is implemented with frequency-difference beamforming to locate the position of a single scatterer near a source. Simulations and water tank experiments with a 110 kHz center frequency signal are considered for incident and scattered fields with a 4 cm diameter spherical scatterer, where the scattered field’s received energy is roughly 2% that of the incident field. The ability to downshift the frequency demonstrates a more robust implementation of subtraction-based algorithms for locating weak scatterers without prior location knowledge. [Work supported by ONR.]
Mechanistic analyses in kidney transplant recipients prospectively randomized to two steroid free regimen-Low dose Tacrolimus with Everolimus versus standard dose Tacrolimus with Mycophenolate Mofetil

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), the cornerstone of immunosuppression after transplantation are implicated in nephrotoxicity and allograft dysfunction. We hypothesized that combined low doses of CNI and Everolimus (EVR) may result in better graft outcomes and greater tolerogenic milieu. Forty adult renal transplant recipients were prospectively randomized to (steroid free) low dose Tacrolimus (TAC) and EVR or standard dose TAC and Mycophenolate (MMF) after Alemtuzumab induction. Baseline characteristics were statistically similar. EVR levels were maintained at 3-8 ng/ml. TAC levels were 4.5±1.9 and 6.4±1.5 ng/ml in the TAC+EVR and TAC+MMF group respectively. Follow up was 14±4 and 17±5 months respectively and included protocol kidney biopsies at 3 and 12 months post-transplantation. Rejection-rate was lower in the TAC+EVR group. However patient and overall graft survival, eGFR and incidence of adverse events were similar. TAC+EVR induced expansion of CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ regulatory T cells as early as 3 months and expansion of IFN-γ+CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ regulatory T cells at 12 months post-transplant. Gene expression profile showed a trend toward decreased inflammation, angiogenesis and connective tissue growth in the TAC+EVR Group. Thus, greater tolerogenic mechanisms were found to be operating in patients with low dose TAC+EVR and this might be responsible for the lower rejection-rate than in patients on standard dose TAC+MMF. However, further studies with longer follow up and evaluating impact on T regulatory cells are warranted.
Residential Counselors and Self Care: A Retrospective Qualitative Study of Archival Interview Data.

Objectives:The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to understand the barriers related to effective self-care for master’s level residential counselors.Methods:Archival interview transcripts of ...
Disease Models & Mechanisms in the Age of Big Data.

ABSTRACT In the decade since Disease Models & Mechanisms was launched, the emergence of Big Data as the main foundation of biological information is having a profound effect on how we do research and it has provoked some interesting questions. Is Big Data exploration replacing hypothesis-driven basic research? And, to what extent is disease modeling in the laboratory still relevant to medical research? Recent examples of synergistic approaches utilizing animal modeling and electronic medical records mining show that combining efforts between disease models and clinical datasets can uncover not only disease etiologies, but also novel molecular and cellular mechanisms linked to gene function.
School Connectedness Insights for Teachers Educating Youth with a Severe Emotional Disturbance in Residential Treatment

Connectedness to school has important implications for students identified with an emotional disturbance (ED), as they are a high-risk group for dropout. Whether and how feelings of school connecte...
Impact of Malnutrition in Patients With Infective Endocarditis.

BACKGROUND Effects of malnutrition on patients with infective endocarditis (IE) have not been fully studied. Because malnutrition is associated with poor health, we hypothesized that among patients with IE, those with malnutrition would have more negative in-hospital outcomes. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify adults ≥18 years old with IE. We compared outcomes of in-hospital mortality, morbidity, valvular interventions, and utilization of resources between individuals with and without malnutrition. RESULTS 11,939 adults ≥18 years were hospitalized with IE, 2035 had a secondary diagnosis for malnutrition. There were no significant differences in age (mean age ± SEM: 55.6 ± 1.0 vs 54.3 ± 0.4 years, P = .21) or sex (female: 36.7%; 743/2,035 vs 37.5%; 3,717/9,904, P = .69) in patients with and without malnutrition. Patients with malnutrition had more comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity score ≥3: 36%; 732/2,035 vs 30.7%; 3,040/9,904, P = .04). Despite similar adjusted in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.4; 95% CI, 0.8-1.5; P = .23), malnourished patients were more likely to develop sepsis (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; P < .01) and had higher odds of mitral-valve (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; P < .01) repairs/replacements. Patients with malnutrition also had increased lengths of stay (adjusted mean difference [aMD], 4.7 days; 95% CI, 2.9-6.5 days; P < .01) and hospital charges (aMD, $36,052; 95% CI, $14,935-$57,168; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with malnutrition and IE are at risk for high morbidity, valvular repairs/replacements, and use of hospital resources.
The role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in the acute clinical setting.

Abstract Introduction Accumulating evidence supports the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), particularly bone marrow derived, as a safe and promising biologic therapy for promoting tissue repair and regeneration in various chronic diseases and disorders. Despite growing evidence that MSCs are potent anti-inflammatory mediators that can provide substantial benefits in acute organ injury, there are limited clinical trials utilizing MSCs in acute care settings, such as in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU). Objective This article reviews the current state of MSC-based therapeutics and further explores the untapped potential role to treat various acute, life-threating injuries in the ED and ICU. Discussion All clinical trials using MSCs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) demonstrated safety. While some also demonstrate clinical efficacy, efficacy data is inconsistent, with some studies limited by sample size, cell integrity and different dosages, necessitating further studies. Conclusion MSCs are potentially promising novel biologic therapeutics for clinical application in AMI, ARDS, sepsis, AKI and COVID-19 that have demonstrated safety in all clinical trials. More rigorous clinical trials are necessary and warranted to determine the efficacy of MSCs as a novel therapeutic in an acute setting, such as the ED.
Exploring Changes in Caregiver Burden and Caregiving Intensity due to COVID-19

This study explored self-reported changes in caregiving intensity (CI) and caregiver burden (CB) among informal caregivers due to the COVID-19 pandemic overall and by gender. Informal caregivers fo...
Safety Matters: A Meta-analysis of Interhospital Transport Adverse Events in Critically Ill Patients.

Abstract Objective Interhospital transport (IHT) is common among critically ill patients. Our meta-analysis investigated the prevalence and possible factors associated with adverse events (AEs) during IHT. Methods Searching PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases until February 12, 2021, we included studies that a priori defined AEs for adult medical patients. We excluded case reports, non–full-text, and non–English language studies. We performed a random effects meta-analysis and moderator analyses. Results We identified 554 studies and included 19 studies (14,969 patients) in our final analysis. The mean patients’ (standard deviation) age was 60 (13.7). The pooled medical AEs for IHT was 1,059 (11%, 95% confidence interval, 7.5%-16%). The most common AE (n, %) was hypotension (424, 2.8%). Moderator analyses and meta-regressions suggested that conditions (P Conclusion Our study suggests the prevalence of AEs of critically ill patients during IHT is low and likely due to patients’ disease severity. Further studies should focus on interventions to mitigate AEs to improve patients’ outcomes.
Scalable expansion of human pluripotent stem cells for biomanufacturing cellular therapeutics

Abstract Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise as cellular therapeutics and in vitro models of disease. These applications require advances in hPSC biomanufacturing in scalable cultivation systems. Stirred suspension bioreactors (SSBs), which are commonly utilized for the production of biologics, afford real-time monitoring and tight control of the culture environment. Stem cell expansion has been demonstrated in this modality but knowledge is currently limited of how the bioreactor milieu influences hPSC physiology. Here, relevant findings are discussed on the effects of adjustable factors such as dissolved oxygen, hydrodynamic cues, and composition of media on the expansion of hPSCs. Greater understanding of the links between cultivation conditions and hPSC self-renewal and propensity for differentiation will be essential for the rational design of processes to robustly biomanufacture hPSC products for clinical use.
Spatial attention to arousing emotional stimuli in younger and older adults

Most work on emotional attention in aging has focused exclusively on stimulus valence, with very few studies systematically examining how younger and older adults may differ in their attention to emotional stimuli that varies by both valence and arousal. This could be potentially important when evaluating early attentional processes, as previous work has shown that attention to positive and negative content is similar when levels of arousal are equivalent. In the current study younger (n = 48) and older (n = 49) adult participants completed a spatial cueing task in which they responded to the location of a spatial target that was preceded by an emotional image cue. Results indicated that both younger and older adults took longer to disengage attention from highly arousing image cues regardless of valence. These results demonstrate a context in which typical age-related positivity effects do not emerge, highlighting the importance of evaluating different attentional processes when studying emotional attention and taking stimulus arousal into account.
Hormonal regulation of glycine decarboxylase and its relationship to oxidative stress.

In both humans and rodent models, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system and its rate-limiting enzyme, glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), is a major determinant of plasma glycine levels. The goals of this study were to determine if the increased expression of GLDC contributes to the reduced plasma glycine levels seen in disease states, to characterize the hormonal regulation of GLDC gene expression, and to determine if altered GLDC expression has physiological effects that might affect the development of diabetes. The findings presented here show that hepatic GLDC gene expression is elevated in mouse models of obesity and diabetes, as well as by fasting. We demonstrated that GLDC gene expression is strongly regulated by the metabolic hormones glucagon and insulin, and we identified the signaling pathways involved in this regulation. Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress.
The distribution of theropod-dominated ichnofaunas in the Moab Megatracksite area, Utah: implications for Late Jurassic palaeobiology along an arid coast

The Late Jurassic, ‘single surface’ Moab Megatracksite between Green River, Utah and the Colorado-Utah State line is associated with the sharp, colour-enhanced, inter-formational contact between wh...
LAT Perspectives in Detection of High Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons

The GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) science objectives and capabilities in the detection of high energy electrons in the energy range from 20 GeV to ∼1 TeV are presented. LAT simulations are used to establish the event selections. It is found that maintaining the efficiency of electron detection at the level of 30% the residual hadron contamination does not exceed 2–3% of the electron flux. LAT should collect ∼ ten million of electrons with the energy above 20 GeV for each year of observation. Precise spectral reconstruction with high statistics presents us with a unique opportunity to investigate several important problems such as studying galactic models of IC radiation, revealing the signatures of nearby sources such as high energy cutoff in the electron spectrum, testing the propagation model, and searching for KKDM particles decay through their contribution to the electron spectrum.
Mechanisms of chromosome banding. II. Evidence that histones are not involved.

Abstract C-and G-banding in mouse metaphase chromosomes is unaffected by exposure of the chromosomes to 0.2 N HCl for 4 h. Electrophoretic studies indicate that this is adequate to completely remove the histones from fixed and dried chromatin thus indicating that histones are not involved in C- or G-banding.
Source of microbaroms from tropical cyclone waves

[1] Microbaroms are continuous infrasonic signals with a dominant frequency around 0.2 Hz produced by ocean surface waves. Monitoring stations around the globe routinely detect strong microbaroms in the lee of tropical cyclones. We utilize a parametric wind model and a spectral wave model to construct the tropical cyclone wave field and a theoretical acoustic source model to describe the intensity, spatial distribution, and dynamics of microbarom sources. This approach excludes ambient wave conditions and facilitates a parametric analysis to elucidate the source mechanism within the storm. A stationary tropical cyclone produces the strongest microbarom signals at the center, where the waves generated by the cyclonic winds converge. As the tropical cyclone moves forward, the converging wave field becomes less coherent and lags and expands behind the storm center. The models predict a direct relation between the storm forward speed and the location of maximum microbarom source intensity consistent with the infrasonic observations from Hurricane Felicia 2009 in the North Central Pacific.
Sonar biparietal diameter: I. Analysis of percentile growth differences in two normal populations using same methodology

BPD measurements were obtained from 107 white and 91 black normal gravid women, with established dates, between weeks 16 to 40 of pregnancy. The sonar methodology used is uniform, employing nonpersistent image scanning with electronic calipers. It is noted that the BPD percentile growth patterns derived from these racially different fetuses are alike. Similarly, the fetal age distributions corresponding to white vs. black fetal BPD's show minor differences. From a clinical standpoint, therefore, one percentile curve is constructed for both populations. It is concluded that the BPD differences observed in the currently used growth curves, reported by different investigators, are related to nonuniformity in sonar BPD methodology.
Political Speech and the Law

New tensions have emerged in the digital environment between political speech, privacy, and the need for security and for laws proportionate to the demands for information in a democratic society. The rapidity of technological change has governments, courts, and civil society groups worldwide scrambling to effectively adapt to new challenges, shifting constitutional provisions, laws, regulations, and practices of states. Protections for political speech include provisions for freedom of expression, speech, and the press, as well as protections for privacy and anonymity. In addition to more obvious forms of political speech such as election campaigns and political protests, contested forms of political speech include corporate and anticorporate speech and hate speech. Threats to political speech come in both direct and indirect forms, including antiterrorism laws, increased levels of surveillance, cybersecurity and cybercrime laws, various forms of defamation or libel, and intellectual property rights. Keywords: censorship; comparative global media law; cyberterrorism; media law and policy; political communication
The Soft R'egime in NRQCD

A Lagrangean and a set of Feynman rules are presented for Non-Relativistic QCD with manifest power counting in the heavy quark velocity $v$. A r\'egime is identified in which energies and momenta are of order $Mv$. It is neither identical to the ultrasoft r\'egime corresponding to radiative processes with energies and momenta of order $Mv^2$, nor to the potential r\'egime with on shell quarks and gluons providing the Coulomb binding. In this soft r\'egime, gluons are on shell, and the quark propagator becomes static. Examples show that it contributes to one- and two-loop corrections of scattering and production amplitudes near threshold. The results are readily generalised to any effective field theory with more than one low energy scale.
Efficient chosen-ciphertext security via extractable hash proofs

We introduce the notion of an extractable hash proof system. Essentially, this is a special kind of non-interactive zero-knowledge proof of knowledge system where the secret keys may be generated in one of two modes to allow for either simulation or extraction. - We show how to derive efficient CCA-secure encryption schemes via extractable hash proofs in a simple and modular fashion. Our construction clarifies and generalizes the recent factoring-based cryptosystem of Hofheinz and Kiltz (Eurocrypt '09), and is reminiscent of an approach proposed by Rackoff and Simon (Crypto '91). We show how to instantiate extractable hash proof system for hard search problems, notably factoring and computational Diffie-Hellman. Using our framework, we obtain the first CCA-secure encryption scheme based on CDH where the public key is a constant number of group elements and a more modular and conceptually simpler variant of the Hofheinz-Kiltz cryptosystem (though less efficient). - We introduce adaptive trapdoor relations, a relaxation of the adaptive trapdoor functions considered by Kiltz, Mohassel and O-Neil (Eurocrypt '10), but nonetheless imply CCA-secure encryption schemes. We show how to construct such relations using extractable hash proofs, which in turn yields realizations from hardness of factoring and CDH.
LEED from statistical step models

Abstract Several LEED studies have recently been reported on surfaces which were forced to exhibit steps of fairly well defined average separations. The diffraction patterns in each case were qualitatively similar, showing many beams split into multiplets with separations which depended on the incident electron energy. These patterns were interpreted in terms of kinematic scattering from a stepped, two-dimensional array of point scatterers, assuming perfectly ordered steps. Such studies expose LEED as a possible tool for the analysis of surface topography if used in conjunction with an analytical approach which includes arbitrary, statistical step distributions. Such an approach is outlined in the present paper and calculations are performed for simple distributions of step spacings to illustrate the procedure and convey physical insight. The most striking result concerns the degree of scatter in the step lengths that can be tolerated and still produce “sharp” splittings.
The Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Treatment of Nitrided Steels for Wear Resistance

Abstract Surface engineering approach to increase surface properties such as wear resistance performed by pulsed magnetic treatment of nitrided steels was studied. Selected steel surfaces were treated by pulsed magnetic treatment and plasma ion nitriding with different optimized process parameters. The obtained microstructures were examined to study the influence of magnetic treatment on ion nitriding. SEM, AES, microhardness measurements, and image analyser were used to characterize the surface and interface. The results of this study show that pulsed magnetic treatment reduces residual stresses on the surface, improves the bonding of deposited nitride layers to substrate, influences the nitride layers, case depth, and surface hardness formation and increases the wear resistance.
Ipsilateral corticospinal projections after large lesions of the cerebral hemisphere in neonatal rats.

Abstract The rodent corticospinal tract is essentially a completely crossed tract which projects down to lumbar levels of the spinal cord. Since its terminations in the spinal cord develop after birth, this experiment was designed to investigate the postnatal development of one corticospinal tract after neonatal surgical ablation of the opposite corticospinal tract. Large hemispheric lesions which destroyed the tract on one side were made in newborn rats. Three to 8 mo later, the opposite frontal cortex was ablated, and animals were killed 3 to 5 days after the second lesion. The staining of degenerated axons demonstrated an aberrant ipsilateral corticospinal projection which was not present in control animals which sustained only adult cortical lesions. It is suggested that this ipsilateral pathway may contribute to recovery mechanisms associated with brain damage in the newborn.
Mechanisms of avian egg-recognition: Do birds know their own eggs?

Abstract Egg-recognition in birds is generally thought to be weakly expressed since many birds accept a wide diversity of foreign eggs placed in their nests. It has long been believed that even those birds that generally reject foreign eggs (rejector-species) do not practise actual recognition of their own eggs but simply reject any egg-type in the minority (discordant). However, this belief is founded on conflicting evidence. The results from a large number of new experiments reveal that rejector-species do indeed recognize their own eggs. If rejector-species show intolerance toward any type of egg, they reject the foreign eggs whether these are as numerous as their own eggs, outnumber their own eggs, or are the only egg-type present. These and other results are analysed in the context of the evolutionary pressures exerted on birds by brood parasites.
Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Aggregates in Ethylene Ionomers and Their Effect on Polymer Dynamics: A Study by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

The phase-separated morphology and the effect of ionic aggregation on the backbone chain mobility in poly(ethylene-ran-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomers neutralized by Na+ were investigated as a function of the degree of neutralization, x, by spin-probe electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The shape and size of the aggregates and the number of ionic groups (anions and counterions) in each aggregate were determined by SAXS, which showed that the ionic core of the aggregate is a sphere with radius of ≈6 A that contains 7−12 ionic groups; in addition, the results strongly suggested that the sphere is covered by a shell of chain segments whose electron density is slightly lower than that of the ionomer matrix. The ESR spectra of five nitroxide spin probes differing in their hydrophilicity and in the position of the nitroxide group with respect to the headgroup were analyzed. The results indicated that the probes are position-selective and can provide information ...
Low-grade gliomas: The debate continues

Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that tend to occur primarily in young adults and children. They are indolent, progressive, and often undergo anaplastic transformation. The prognosis of these tumors is primarily affected by age and pathologic type. Many questions remain in the management of LGGs, including the role of surgical resection (ie, maximal tumor resection), the optimal timing of radiation (ie, postoperative vs at the time of tumor progression), and the role of chemotherapy (ie, salvage after radiotherapy, primary treatment after surgery, concurrent with radiotherapy). Further complicating treatment decisions are concerns about toxicity with any intervention because LGG patients can often lead a relatively normal existence for years with no intervention. In this article we review the pertinent LGG literature published over the past few years and its impact on the management of LGGs.
Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Quality of Life

The aims of this study were to determine the impact of irritable bowel syndrome on quality of life using a well-standardized measure, the SF-36, and to determine whether apparent impairments may be due to neuroticism. Undergraduate students with irritable bowel syndrome who had consulted a physician (41 females, 42 males), students with irritable bowel who had not consulted a physician (91 females, 74 males), and asymptomatic controls (52 females, 70 males) completed questionnaires on quality of life, neuroticism, and psychological distress. Patients showed greater impairment in quality of life than nonconsulters, who in turn showed greater impairment than controls. Neuroticism and psychological distress were correlated with all quality-of-life measures. However, when neuroticism and psychological distress were statistically partialed out, irritable bowel syndrome still had a significant negative impact. The SF-36 may be a useful outcome measure in treatment studies, but investigators will need to correct for confounding influences of neuroticism.
The Deterritorializing Language of Child Detainees: Self-Harm or Embodied Graffiti?.

The policy of mandatory detention for all asylum seekers who arrive in Australia without a valid visa regardless of age, religion, physical or mental health is uncompromising to say the least. The detention centres are harsh and alienating environments, where free and open communication is severely restricted, and in this context, children, in particular, suffer from a double silencing - unable to speak English, traumatized and often too young to speak for themselves. This article is concerned with how this silencing could be connected to a broader problem of representation. In order to understand how Australia, in the name of sovereignty, transcends its own colonial subjectivity through the systematic colonization of the experiences, bodies and histories of asylum seekers, the article draws on Spivak and Deleuze’s understanding of representation to examine the material and immaterial exploitation of child detainees.
Regression from another angle

This paper presents a simply viewed framework that brings together various concepts of regression, prediction, and principal components. Several new concepts related to prediction are introduced, and then the interrelationships of these concepts are established. The generalizations are examined in detail and are illustrated in the context of a well known data set.
Effects of insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose on feeding in hamsters and gerbils.

Abstract Golden hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ) and gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) increased their food intake and rate of weight gain during daily injections of protamine zinc insulin. Both species showed modest and delayed increases of food intake after acute insulin injections, despite severe hypoglycemia. Neither species increased its feeding after 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of glucoprivation to normal feeding, and possible hormonal abnormalities in hamsters.
A comparison of tonsillar size and oropharyngeal dimensions in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children. There is relatively little known about the occurrence of subclinical variations in the dimensions of the oropharynx which may predispose to the development of obstructive sleep apnea in children without obvious craniofacial abnormalities. Fifty-one children (3-10 years) were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 18 patients with small tonsils and no history of snoring who underwent tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis. They were compared to a second group of 33 patients with large tonsils who underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Age, height, weight, body surface area and tonsil weight were correlated to the dimensions of the oropharynx obtained by direct measurement intraoperatively including the length of the soft palate, anterior-posterior depth of the nasopharynx and the distances between the medial tonsillar surfaces, anterior tonsillar pillars and lateral pharyngeal walls at mid-tonsil level. Increased patient height, weight and surface area correlated positively to increased distance between the lateral pharyngeal walls and to the length of the soft palate in the patients with small tonsils. No such correlation existed in the patients with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy. In addition, the distance between the lateral pharyngeal walls was significantly decreased in the group with large, obstructing tonsils as compared to those with small tonsils and no history of obstruction (P less than 0.01). However, the patients with small tonsils and no obstruction had significantly longer soft plates (P less than 0.01) and less depth tot eh nasopharynx (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Localized feature selection for clustering

In clustering, global feature selection algorithms attempt to select a common feature subset that is relevant to all clusters. Consequently, they are not able to identify individual clusters that exist in different feature subspaces. In this paper, we propose a localized feature selection algorithm for clustering. The proposed algorithm computes adjusted and normalized scatter separability for individual clusters. A sequential backward search is then applied to find the optimal (maybe local) feature subsets for each cluster. Our experimental results show the need for feature selection in clustering and the benefits of selecting features locally.
Catalytic Contributions of Key Residues in the Adenine Glycosylase MutY Revealed by pH-dependent Kinetics and Cellular Repair Assays

MutY prevent DNA mutations associated with 8-oxoguanine (OG) by catalyzing the removal of adenines opposite OG. pH dependence of the adenine glycosylase activity establish that Asp 138 of MutY must be deprotonated for maximal activity consistent with its role in stabilizing the oxacarbenium ion transition state in an S(N)1 mechanism. A cellular OG:A repair assay allowed further validation of the critical role of Asp 138. Conservative substitutions of the catalytic residues Asp 138 and Glu 37 resulted in enzymes with a range of activity that were used to correlate the efficiency of adenine excision with overall OG:A repair and suppression of DNA mutations in vivo. The results show that MutY variations that exhibit reduced mismatch affinity result in more dramatic reductions in cellular OG:A repair than those that only compromise adenine excision catalysis.
Preparing Child Care Health Consultants to Address Childhood Overweight: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Web to In-Person Training

Objectives Child care centers have recently become targets for overweight prevention efforts directed at young children. Child Care Health Consultants (CCHCs), who provide consultation to these centers, receive little training on the basic nutrition and physical activity principles important for the promotion of child healthy weight. Traditional approaches, such as in-person training, are limited in their ability to disseminate health information to a geographically diverse population of health professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine if web-based training is as effective as in-person training. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted between August 2005 and June 2006 with 50 CCHCs. Web-based and in-person trained CCHCs were compared to each other and to controls. The main outcome of this study was performance on a test of nutrition knowledge related to childhood overweight measured by a 28-item multiple choice test administered pre- and post-training. Results Results from the ANCOVA model suggest that web trained CCHCs performed similarly to in-person trained CCHCs on the knowledge test (P < .0001). Additionally, both training groups improved significantly compared to controls (P < .0001 for each group). Conclusions This study found no significant differences in post-training knowledge between in-person and web trained Child Care Health Consultants. Scores on the post-training knowledge test were within 0.5 points for the in-person and web trained groups. These results demonstrate that web-based instruction is as effective as in-person training on improving basic nutrition and physical activity knowledge for promoting healthy weight in preschool children.
Factors influencing urban tree planting program growth and survival in Florida, United States

Abstract High levels of mortality after installation can limit the long-term benefits associated with urban tree planting initiatives. Past planting projects funded by the Florida Forest Service were revisited two to five years after installation to document tree survival and growth and assess program success. Additionally, various site (e.g., soil compaction, installed irrigation) and tree-related (e.g., species, nursery production method, initial size at planting) factors were noted to assess their impact on tree growth. Results show that the overall establishment rate for the 26 sites (n = 2354 trees) was high, with 93.6% of trees alive at the time of final inspection. On-site irrigation played a significant role in tree survival and growth, especially for Magnolia grandiflora (97.7% survival on irrigated sites; 73.8% survival on non-irrigated sites). Findings from this work validate the effectiveness of current program policies which include maintenance of tree quality within the first year after planting, and offer further insights regarding the impacts of season of planting and initial size of nursery stock on plant growth and development.
Learning of three-term contingencies correlates with Raven scores, but not with measures of cognitive processing

Abstract College undergraduates learned word lists involving three-term contingencies (stimulus–response–outcome). Learning rate was correlated approximately 0.5 with scores on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven) but did not correlate significantly with several tasks (inspection time, card-sorting, trail-making, PASAT) shown to be associated with intelligence measures in previous research, despite these tasks' significant correlations with each other and with Raven scores in the present study. Rates of learning the three-term contingencies were positively correlated with paired-associate and free recall list learning, yet neither of these more standard learning tasks correlated significantly with Raven. While results confirm previous findings that the rate of simple associative learning is weakly related to intelligence; they also demonstrate that certain types of learning are well predicted by intelligence scores despite being distinct from several measures of cognitive processing.
The use of a multi-leaf collimator for conformal radiotherapy of carcinomas of the prostate and nasopharynx

We investigate the use of a multi-leaf collimator for conformal radiation therapy of carcinomas of the prostate and of the nasopharynx. Following verification of dose calculation algorithms for multi-leaf collimated fields using film dosimetry, we compute dose distributions for multi-field conformal treatment using fields shaped with either the multi-leaf collimator or conventional cerrobend blocks. We compare the two sets of treatment plans using graphical isodose displays, tissue specific dose volume histograms, tumor control probabilities, and normal tissue complication probabilities. We also incorporate setup errors into the calculated dose distributions to assess the effect of treatment uncertainties on the various criteria. Based on these comparisons, we conclude that for multi-field conformal radiotherapy for these two disease sites, the use of multi-leaf collimation is equivalent to that of conventional cerrobend blocks.
Properties of ATPase of gastric mucosa III. Distribution of HCO3−-stimulated ATPase in gastric mucosa

Abstract To further localize the HCO 3 − -stimulated SCN − -inhibited ATPase of gastric mucosa, the distribution of several enzymes (HCO 3 − -, Mg 2+ - and (Na + + K + )-ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, inosine diphosphatase and adenosine monophosphatase) was studied in density gradient distribution of the mitochondria), light mitochondria) and microsomal fractions of the homogenate. It was shown that the HCO 3 − -TPase hadmarkedly different characteristics from the other enzymes, and a. hypothesis is presented for the function of this enzyme in gastric secretion.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Amyloid Fibril Formation by Lysozyme

Hen egg white lysozyme is used as a model protein to study amyloid fibril formation (fibrillation). This three-week laboratory experience has been successfully implemented in an upper-level biochemistry course to introduce students to issues of protein conformation, spectroscopic characterization of conformational changes, and misfolding of proteins related to disease. The fluorescence and absorbance of amyloid-specific dyes are used to detect fibrillation; accompanying changes in secondary structure are revealed by circular dichroism. Potential small molecule fibrillation inhibitors are tested, and kinetics experiments are carried out to probe the effect of seeding with preformed fibrils on the rate of fibrillation.
A Cataloger's Resolution to Become More Creative: How and Why

Creativity is now a core requirement for successful organizations. Libraries, like all organizations, need to produce and utilize new ideas to improve user service and experiences. With changes in cataloging such as Resource Description and Access (RDA), the opportunity to rethink cataloging practices is here now. Everyone has creative potential, although catalogers may have both a personality and work environment that make it more difficult. To be able to maximize creative capacity, catalogers need the proper work environment, support from their organization, and a plan for accomplishing creative goals. Given that environment, catalogers may create ideas that will shape the future.
Surfing, regulating and capturing: Are all microtubule-tip-tracking proteins created equal?

A diverse group of microtubule-binding proteins has been linked through live-cell imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins. These proteins share the ability to associate with the plus ends of elongating microtubules and track with these tips as the microtubules grow, in a process known as "tip tracking". Several models have been proposed to explain the significance of this activity, including roles in delivering proteins to the cell periphery and in modulating microtubule dynamics. However, the recent observation that some of the tip trackers colocalize on structures undergoing search-capture suggests that tip tracking could be a fundamental aspect of the search-capture process. Focusing on the shared ability of these proteins to undergo tip tracking, this article is intended to place the search-capture model in the context of other proposed functions and to stimulate discussion in this area.
Modeling of the separated-aperture mine detection sensor using the transmission line matrix (TLM) technique

A numerical time-domain technique known as the transmission line matrix (TLM) method was used to analyze a ground penetrating radar (GPR) concept historically known as the separated aperture technique. This GPR concept is basically a dielectric anomaly (mine) detection sensor which operates near the L band frequency. This mine sensor consists of transmit and receive broadband dipole antenna. Each antenna is contained within a metallic cavity and the cavities are connected by a metallic septum. Normally, when the mine sensor is scanned over homogeneous earth, very little transmitted power is received by the receiving antenna. The power received by the receiving antenna however, is significantly increased when the detector is scanned over a buried dielectric anomaly (mine). This technique has performed in terms of probability of detection and false-alarm rates at different sites with different mine types. The TLM method was used to analyze the separated aperture mine detector's response to targets, clutter, and to provide insight into the fundamental wave interactions.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Making of Spacers for Fabry–Perot Etalons*

The Fabry–Perot etalon is a versatile device but it is not widely used because of the high cost of its components if purchased from a commercial supplier. The author has developed a method of making spacers of excellent quality for a large diameter (60 mm) etalon for less than 10% of the typical price quoted by specialty houses which make them to order. While the spacers described in this paper were made for use with the finest quality flats obtainable, the fact that 25.4-mm-diam, 1/20 wavelength, optical flats are available for less than $100.00 per pair, means that a Fabry–Perot etalon is now within the reach of even the most impecunious physics department. Such an etalon can always be up-graded by purchasing better-quality flats; no additional work on the spacers would be required.
Equations for the inductances and current distribution of multiple-conductor single-phase and polyphase busses

THE purpose of this paper is twofold: to derive general equations for calculating the currents and inductances associated with each subconductor of a multiple-conductor single-phase or polyphase bus; and to illustrate application of these equations by numerical analysis of several typical busses.
Anthropology: blurring the lines and moving the camera—the beginnings of web-based scholarship in anthropology

A survey of anthropology projects on the web finds little overall evolution of the field's scholarly products to capitalize on the medium's potential. However, a few of the most recent innovations appear to provide a glimpse of changes soon to come. Several new forms of nonrefereed scholarship have appeared, and an important theme running through them is the blurring of conventional boundaries. Within the refereed literature, few journals have ventured beyond the delivery of facsimile journal pages in portable document format (PDF) files. An important exception is the just-published online version of Current Anthropology, which offers numerous enhancements possible only through the web
The Design Of Linear And Quasi-Linear CCD Detectors And Detector Arrays To Meet System Performance Requirements

The use of Linear and Quasi-Linear Time Delay and Integra-tion) CCD imagers has expanded greatly over the last decade. Applications have ranged from airborne reconnaissance, to facsimile, to automated mail-sack sorting. Early device performance was primarily set by what it was possible to fabricate, and systems were limited by the devices available. Subsequent detectors have been progressively more influenced by system-dominated performance requirements, which have determined many imager chip functional parameters, such as; pixel size, pixel number, number of TDI integrations, pixel/phase structure, saturation charge, readout rate, spectral window, and tailored optical admittance. This paper discusses some ways in which required system performance and device design rules interact to establish specifications for detector/array designs. Since unique system-specific device configurations are not cost-effective, general classes of systems may be established which bound the needs for a finite number of device designs. Examples are presented to illustrate performance/design relationships.