cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomistic modeling of the γ and γ'-phases of the Ni-Al system

A new embedded-atom potential has been developed for Ni3Al by fitting to experimental and first-principles data. The potential describes lattice properties of Ni3Al, point defects, planar faults, as well as the γ and γ′ fields on the Ni–Al phase diagram. The potential is applied to calculate the energies of coherent Ni/Ni3Al interphase boundaries with three different crystallographic orientations. Depending on the orientation, the interface energy varies between 12 and 46 mJ/m2. Coherent γ/γ′ interfaces existing at high temperatures are shown to be more diffuse and are likely to have a lower energy than Ni/Ni3Al interfaces.
On the existence and synthesis of curvature-bounded paths inside nonuniform rectangular channels

Motion planners for autonomous mobile vehicles that are based on rectangular cell decompositions are often required to construct kinematically feasible path - typically curvature-bounded paths - traversing rectangular channels. In this paper, we present a numerical algorithm for determining the existence of a curvature-bounded path contained within a rectangular channel. The rectangular cells comprising the channel are assumed to be of arbitrary, non-uniform dimensions and the bounds on curvature are allowed to be different for different cells. The proposed algorithm is based on the explicit construction of the cone of feasible directions for a bounded-curvature path at the cell exit edge, given the entry point for each cell in the channel. Based on this analysis, we devise a path construction scheme that retains the convenience of cell-by-cell path synthesis but eliminates the guesswork involved in choosing terminal conditions within each cell.
Importance of Functional EGF Receptors in Recovery from Acute Nephrotoxic Injury

Previous studies have demonstrated increased renal expression of EGF receptor (EGFR) and EGFR ligands in response to acute toxic or ischemic renal tubular injury and have indicated that exogenous administration of EGF accelerates recovery from such injury. However, no studies to date have proved definitively an essential role for EGFR-mediated responses in regeneration after tubule injury. To this end, waved-2 (wa-2) mice, which contain a point mutation in EGFR that reduces receptor tyrosine kinase activity by >90%, were studied. These mice have a mild phenotype (wavy coat, curly whiskers, and runted stature) and normally developed kidneys. Acute nephrotoxic injury was induced in wa-2 and wild-type mice with HgCl(2). One day after HgCl(2) injection, functional renal compromise was comparable in wild-type and wa-2 mice. However, the rates of recovery of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were markedly slower in wa-2 mice. Histologic evidence of tubular injury also was more severe and persisted longer in wa-2 mice. Furthermore, their kidneys demonstrated reduced levels of DNA synthesis and increased TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. These studies indicate that functional EGFR activity is an essential component of the kidney's ability to recover from acute injury and that EGFR may regulate genes involved in growth, repair, and cell survival in the kidney.
Cell biology of protein glycosylation: a celebration of the career of Jürgen Roth on the occasion of his 70th birthday

Professor Jurgen Roth, a pioneer in post-embedding labelling methodology at the electronmicroscopic level, has had a long and distinguished career studying the cell biology of protein glycosylation, resulting in the publication of more than 300 original manuscripts, over 30 review articles, 37 book chapters and 4–5 books. On the occasion of his 70th birthday, I would like to pay tribute by highlighting his most august accomplishments and contributions to this area of cell biology. Early in his investigations it became necessary to develop new staining probes and tissue processing methods for imaging glycosylation reactions at the subcellular level. Accordingly, in the 1970s he published a series of methods using a variety of lectins and electron dense markers for the histochemical detection of glycoconjugates at the electron microscopic level (Roth et al., 1972, 1974, 1975; Roth and Thoss, 1974; Roth and Franz, 1975; Roth and Wagner, 1977; Roth and Binder, 1978). He was then invited by Professor Lelio Orci to relocate from his native Germany to Geneva, Switzerland and introduce to Orci’s lab the techniques of immunoferritin and colloidal gold at the electron microscopic level. Shortly after his arrival in Geneva, Roth et al. (1978) published a seminal technical paper in immunoelectron microscopy (Figure 1), introducing the protein A–gold technique for post-embedding immunoelectron microscopic localization of tissue antigens. The introduction of the protein A–gold complex by Roth for immunolabelling revolutionized intracellular antigen localization by providing a high-resolution, high-electron dense marker far superior to the then available markers, such as peroxidase and ferritin. Moreover, the affinity of protein A for the Fc region of immunoglobulins provided a versatile, general second-step reagent for many immunocytochemical techniques, quickly establishing this method as literally the “gold standard” for immunoelectron microscopy. The original manuscript used glutaraldehyde-fixed, conventionally dehydrated and epoxy-embedded samples for the postembedding demonstration of robust pancreatic enzymes. Unfortunately, many antigens do not survive the harsh processing steps employed in conventional electron microscopy. At the time, however, a most fortunate collaboration arose when Roth was invited to visit Professor Eduard Kellenberger’s group at the Biocenter at the University of Basel. They were developing low-temperature hydrophilic resins for electron microscopy, and the two groups together demonstrated the superiority of these resins (Lowicryl resins) in conjunction with low temperature dehydration and embedding for antigen retention and morphological preservation for post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy (Roth et al., 1981a) (Figure 2). In this same manuscript, they also demonstrated the efficacy of using the readily identifiable
Influentials, Networks, and Public Opinion Formation

A central idea in marketing and diffusion research is that influentials—a minority of individuals who influence an exceptional number of their peers—are important to the formation of public opinion. Here we examine this idea, which we call the “influentials hypothesis,” using a series of computer simulations of interpersonal influence processes. Under most conditions that we consider, we find that large cascades of influence are driven not by influentials but by a critical mass of easily influenced individuals. Although our results do not exclude the possibility that influentials can be important, they suggest that the influentials hypothesis requires more careful specification and testing than it has received.
Languages and the War1

Author's summary.— Criticism has been made of the lack of accomplishment in modern languages and this lack of accomplishment has been said to be the reason why students are not interested. Our enemies do not make the mistake of devoting too little time to the study of modern languages and beginning them too late. Modern language teachers have been asked to do an impossible thing. They have been asked to do in two years, at three hours per week, what European students get in many years' study, beginning very early in the school curriculum. We cannot teach people to speak, read and write a language in the time allotted to us.
The Effects of Productivity and Demand-Specific Factors on Plant Survival and Ownership Change in the U.S. Poultry Industry

In this paper we study the productivity-survival link in the U.S. poultry processing industry using the longitudinal data constructed from five Censuses of Manufactures between 1987 and 2007. First, we study the effects of physical productivity and demand-specific factors on plant survival and ownership change. Second, we analyze the determinants of the firm-level expansion. The results show that higher demand-specific factors decrease the probability of exit and increase the probability of ownership change. The effect of physical productivity on the probability of exit or ownership change is generally insignificant. Also, firms with higher demand-specific factors have higher probability to expand whereas the average firm-level physical productivity turns out to be an insignificant determinant of firm expansion.
SimVBSE: Developing a Game for Value-Based Software Engineering

The development of games in aid of improving and enriching a student's learning experience is again on the rise. The beer game (Sterman, 1989) in the field of system dynamics was developed to instill the key principles of production and distribution. SimSE (Navarro and van der Hoek, 2003) provides a simulated game for its players to take on the role of a project manager, and experience the fundamentals of software engineering through cause-effect models. In this paper we present an initial design of SimVBSE as a game for students to better understand value-based software engineering (Boehm, 2005), and its underlying theory (Boehmand Jain, 2005)
Research Streams in Rater Self-Efficacy

We report two studies using different methodologies to advance research in the understanding of rater self-efficacy. In the first study, an experimental investigation of the effects of a program de...
Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk and Thin Film Clathrates for Solid State Power Conversion Applications

Thin films of the type I clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge 30 have been synthesized by the pulsed laser ablation technique. The relatively low ablation threshold of this material at the UV wavelength leads to the ejection of particulates during laser-target interaction. The optimum laser fluence for the formation of stoichiometric films with the lowest particle density was 2.5 J/cm2 . Excitation of the UV laser generated plasma by a second pulsed CO2 laser further reduced particulate ejection and produced broader expansion profiles leading to large area uniform films. Films deposited by this method on quartz substrates were polycrystalline and showed semiconducting behavior. High purity type II NaxSi136 clathrates in bulk form have been synthesized by solid state reactions. The electrical properties of Na xSi136 (0 < x < 24) clathrates show a clear dependence on Na content, with resistivities that span several orders of magnitude
Social Media Marketing in Emerging Economies: A Mongolian Case Study

There exists substantial research on social media marketing (SMM) in the United States and other developed countries. Studies of SMM in emerging economies, such as the eleven Global Growth Generator (3G) economies, are rare. This study seeks to discover and characterize the use of social media marketing channels in the Republic of Mongolia, an emerging economy, transitioning from socialism and at the earliest stages of marketing development. The study is limited to twenty companies listed on the Mongolia stock exchange. These companies are categorized by whether they are involved in social media marketing based on direct or indirect presence on Facebook, YouTube, or Twitter with supporting quantitative data on activity levels. Also, specific content is examined descriptively in order to characterize the primarily functions of social media marketing in this special environment.
Everolimus Versus Sunitinib Prospective Evaluation in Metastatic Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ESPN): A Randomized Multicenter Phase 2 Trial

Background Sunitinib and everolimus are standard first-line and second-line therapies, respectively, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Application of market mechanisms and incentives to reduce stormwater runoff § An integrated hydrologic, economic and legal approach

Increased stormwater flows are a direct result of urbanization and the consequent increase in the proportion of land area under impervious surface. Due to its contribution to abnormally high stream flows and its role as a carrier of pollutants that degrade water quality, excess stormwater runoff has negative impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In response to the increased magnitude and frequency of stormwater runoff events, municipalities and local governments seek cost-effective strategies to manage the risks associated with these stormwater flows. The goal of a proposed interdisciplinary approach involves providing incentives for the construction of small-scale best management practices throughout a small urban watershed, leading to a cost-effective means to control stormwater runoff, and partially restoring a more natural hydrologic regime to a watershed area. Market mechanisms and other incentives have been suggested as plausible approaches to the reduction of stormwater runoff. Development and implementation of market mechanisms and incentives to reduce stormwater runoff, however, involves interdisciplinary considerations and issues. This paper develops an interdisciplinary view of the stormwater runoff issue, beginning with a brief description of stormwater runoff management from a hydrologic perspective. We then present a background on types of market instruments and their related incentives as possible approaches to reducing the risks associated with both the magnitude and frequency of recurrence for excess stormwater runoff flows. This is followed by an analysis of how the federal Clean Water Act and state water laws have dealt with stormwater issues. These perspectives and methods are synthesized to develop several stormwater management scenarios that include stormwater user fees, stormwater runoff charges, allowance markets, and voluntary offset programs. Each of these programs would likely incorporate stormwater best management practices at the watershed level, yet in different ways, and we discuss the opportunities and limitations borne out of our analysis of the legal, economic, and hydrologic considerations. # 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Radiographic studies for women with recurrent urinary tract infections

AbstractRecent reports have suggested that roentgenographic examination of the urinary tract has little importance in the management of women with recurrent urinary tract infections. We evaluated 78 women with recurrent urinary tract infection with excretory urograms and voiding cystourethrograms. Of the 78 women 5 (6 per cent) had major structural urologic abnormalities requiring further therapy. All women with major abnormalities had risk factors. These risk factors included childhood urinary tract infection, elevated serum creatinine, documented fever more than 385, relapsing infection, a history of urinary calculi, infection with a urea-splitting organism, neurologic bladder dysfunction, a history of genitourinary surgery and asymptomatic bacteriuria. We believe that roentgenographic evaluation of the urinary tract is of benefit in selected women with recurrent urinary tract infections.
Abstract 193: Antithrombin Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles Ameliorate Renal Injury Following Transient Warm Ischemia

Objective: Thrombin mediated microvascular thrombosis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute renal reperfusion injury following transient ischemia. We hypothesize that anti-thrombin nanoparticles will ameliorate acute renal injury by inhibiting microvascular thrombosis. Methods: Adult, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into two groups of 5 to receive tail vein injections of saline or nanoparticles loaded with Phe[D]-Pro-Arg-Chloromethylketone (NP-PPACK). Immediately following injection, all animals underwent operative bilateral renal artery occlusion to create 45 minutes of warm ischemia, followed by restoration of renal blood flow. Blood samples were drawn daily and animals were euthanized on day 1 or 7 for histologic analysis of kidney injury (H&E, TUNEL and thrombin staining). Results: Histologic analysis of renal tissue revealed significant apoptosis, necrosis and thrombin accumulation 1 day after ischemia-reperfusion, confirming acute kidney injury. The peak creatinine (mg/dl) on day 1 was significantly lower in NP-PPACK treated animals (0.57 +/- 0.07 (SEM)) than in saline treated controls (1.40 +/- 0.20 (SEM); p-value <0.01). Furthermore, animals treated with NP-PPACK continued to exhibit less renal dysfunction for 7 days after injury (Figure 1). Conclusion: Histologically confirmed intrarenal thrombosis was detected one day after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeted inhibition of thrombin with NP-PPACK prevented a decline in renal function following transient occlusion. Future work will focus on defining the underlying mechanisms of this effect. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on Fresh vs. Refrigerated Fly Hosts

A comparison of the suitability of fresh, 24- to 30-h-old, Musca domestica L. pupae and pupae which had been refrigerated at 10° C for 21 days for propagation of 3 pupal parasites, Spalangia endius Walker, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, and M. zaraptor Kogan and Legner, showed that nonrefrigerated pupae were preferred. Estimates of the net reproductive rates were 12.5, 12.2, and 9.0% greater on fresh hosts for these 3 species, respectively. For practical mass production, these differences may not be important, as biomass of ensuing adult parasites was not significantly affected. Consideration of the intrinsic rate of natural increase for the 3 species indicated that only a small % of these parasites’ annual autumnal decline in parasitization activity can be attributed to the appearance of naturally cooled hosts. Parasite host destruction appeared largely uninfluenced by the refrigeration process.
Collision-Induced Dissociation of Monolayer Protected Clusters Au144 and Au130 in an Electrospray Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Gas-phase reactions of larger gold clusters are poorly known because generation of the intact parent species for mass spectrometric analysis remains quite challenging. Herein we report in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) results for the monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) Au144(SR)60 and Au130(SR)50, where R- = PhCH2CH2-, in a Bruker micrOTOF time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A sample mixture of the two clusters was introduced into the mass spectrometer by positive mode electrospray ionization. Standard source conditions were used to acquire a reference mass spectrum, exhibiting negligible fragmentation, and then the capillary-skimmer potential difference was increased to induce in-source CID within this low-pressure region (∼4 mbar). Remarkably, distinctive fragmentation patterns are observed for each MPC[3+] parent ion. An assignment of all the major dissociation products (ions and neutrals) is deduced and interpreted by using the distinguishing characteristics in the standard structure-model...
Talking on individually service of nursing.

The article summarized the basic content of individually service of nursins,to extend individually service must do well nursing work from different quarters,thus to provide good service,high effect,safe and economical medical service for patients,and improve satisfaction of nursing service.
Role of Biotransformation in Acute N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)Succinimide-Induced Nephrotoxicity

N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl) succimide (NDPS) was developed as an agricultural fungicide during the early 1970s (Fujinami et al, 1972). Although preliminary field testing of NDPS was promising, the usefulness of NDPS as an agricultural fungicide has been limited because of potential toxicity. NDPS has been shown to produce tubular necrosis following acute exposure which is characterized by diuresis, proteinuria, glucosuria, haematuria, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and kidney weight, and decreased organic ion accumulation by renal cortical slices (Rankin, 1982; Rankin et al. , 1985). Chronic exposure to NDPS produces interstitial nephritis (Sugihara et al. , 1975). In addition, NDPS has been shown to promote the activity of several renal carcinogens including the nitrosamines (Ito et al, 197 4) and citrinin (Shinohara et al. , 1976).
Diffusion tensor imaging of articular cartilage at 3T correlates with histology and biomechanics in a mechanical injury model.

PURPOSE We establish a mechanical injury model for articular cartilage to assess the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in detecting cartilage damage early in time. Mechanical injury provides a more realistic model of cartilage degradation compared with commonly used enzymatic degradation. METHODS Nine cartilage-on-bone samples were obtained from patients undergoing knee replacement. The 3 Tesla DTI (0.18 × 0.18 × 1 mm3 ) was performed before, 1 week, and 2 weeks after (zero, mild, and severe) injury, with a clinical radial spin-echo DTI (RAISED) sequence used in our hospital. We performed stress-relaxation tests and used a quasilinear-viscoelastic (QLV) model to characterize cartilage mechanical properties. Serial histology sections were dyed with Safranin-O and given an OARSI grade. We then correlated the changes in DTI parameters with the changes in QLV-parameters and OARSI grades. RESULTS After severe injury the mean diffusivity increased after 1 and 2 weeks, whereas the fractional anisotropy decreased after 2 weeks (P < 0.05). The QLV-parameters and OARSI grades of the severe injury group differed from the baseline with statistical significance. The changes in mean diffusivity across all the samples correlated with the changes in the OARSI grade (r = 0.72) and QLV-parameters (r = -0.75). CONCLUSION DTI is sensitive in tracking early changes after mechanical injury, and its changes correlate with changes in biomechanics and histology. Magn Reson Med 78:69-78, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
ADHD-Related Risk Factors for Early Drug Use

The risk of early drug use asociated with ADHD was evaluated in a community-based sample of 717 (412 low birth weight, 305 normal birth weight) children examined at 6 years of age and at follow-up at age 11 years, at the Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI.
Acetazolamide Monotherapy for Myoclonic Epilepsy

Chronic acetazolamide monotherapy controlled generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 14 of 31 patients with juvenile myoclonic-86-epilepsy treated in the Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, and the Department of Neurology, Stamford Hospital, Stamford, CT.
Single-Molecule Tracking Study of the Permeability and Transverse Width of Individual Cylindrical Microdomains in Solvent-Swollen Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) Films

Understanding the properties of solvent-swollen block copolymer (BCP) microdomains is important for better solvent-based control of microdomain morphology, orientation, and permeability. In this study, single-molecule tracking (SMT) was explored to assess the permeability and transverse width of individual cylindrical microdomains in solvent-swollen polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) films. PS-b-PEO films comprising shear-elongated cylindrical PEO microdomains were prepared by sandwiching its benzene or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution between two glass substrates. SMT measurements were performed at different drying times to investigate the effects of solvent evaporation on the microdomain properties. SMT data showed one-dimensional (1D) motions of single fluorescent molecules (sulforhodamine B) based on their diffusion within the cylindrical microdomains. Microdomain permeability and transverse width were assessed from the single-molecule diffusion coefficients (DSMT) and transverse variance...
Development of FRET biosensor based on aptamer/functionalized graphene for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A and discrimination from analogs

We report an ultrasensitive, effective and efficient platform for small molecule bisphenol A (BPA) detection based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between functionalized graphene (graphene oxide; GO and reduced GO; rGO) as acceptor and fluorescently tagged BPA specific aptamer (5’-FAM-tagged single-stranded DNA; FAM-ssDNA) as donor design. Due to noncovalent assembly and specific adsorption, fluorescent quenching of FAM probe takes place due to good overlap between FAM emission and the GO (and rGO) absorption spectrum. On addition of BPA analyte, the aptamer preferentially bounds to BPA, forming FAM-ssDNA–aptamer–BPA complexes, the FRET is disrupted possibly by switching its configuration or re-hybridization preventing aptamer from molecular adsorption on or away from GO or rGO surface and the fluorescence signal is restored (turn-on’ bioassay). This method relies upon competitive interaction between two hydroxyphenyl groups of BPA and “cytosine–cytosine” mismatches in ssDNA. The intensity of optical fluorescence signal was changed in linear proportion to BPA concentration ranging 50 pg/mL −− 100 ng/mL, with low limit of detection <10 pg/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of biosensor toward BPA was demonstrated viaseveral BP, BPB, BPC, DES analogs. The developed aptasensor assay is successfully implemented for real water (tap, bottled and river) samples and recovery rate is between 96.0% and 104% indicative of higher accuracy. These remarkable findings are attributed to interplay of large surface area and topologically interconnectedness provided by functional moieties in graphene scaffolds thus favorable interaction with FAM-ssDNA. This strategy can be extended to detection of other molecules by simply substituting the aptamer.
Free sugars in the reproductive system and haemolymph of the bedbug

Using chromatographic procedures, two free sugars glucose and trehalose have been detected in the reproductive tissues and the haemolymph ofCimex. The seminal fluid and not the sperm has been found to possess trehalase activity. A novel feature of the metabolism of the active sperm is enzymic hydrolysis of trehalose, followed by oxidative utilisation of the hexose thus formed. The process is termed here “trehalolysis”. The depletion of the sugars has been demonstrated semiquantitatively by paper chromatography.
Resistance to CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibition reversed through selective elimination of granulocytic myeloid cells

// Paul E. Clavijo 1 , Ellen C. Moore 1 , Jianhong Chen 1 , Ruth J. Davis 1 , Jay Friedman 1 , Young Kim 2 , Carter Van Waes 1 , Zhong Chen 1 and Clint T. Allen 1,2 1 Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, email: // Keywords : MDSCs, CTLA-4, T-cell inflamed, rejection, TCGA Received : April 15, 2017 Accepted : May 29, 2017 Published : June 11, 2017 Abstract Purpose: Local immunosuppression remains a critical problem that limits clinically meaningful response to checkpoint inhibition in patients with head and neck cancer. Here, we assessed the impact of MDSC elimination on responses to CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibition. Experimental Design: Murine syngeneic carcinoma immune infiltrates were characterized by flow cytometry. Granulocytic MDSCs (gMDSCs) were depleted and T-lymphocyte antigen-specific responses were measured. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with MDSC depletion and CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. Immune signatures within the human HNSCC datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed and differentially expressed genes from sorted human peripheral MDSCs were examined. Results: gMDSCs accumulated with tumor progression and correlated with depletion of effector immune cells. Selective depletion of gMDSC restored tumor and draining lymph node antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses lost with tumor progression. A subset of T-cell inflamed tumors responded to CTLA-4 mAb alone, but the addition of gMDSC depletion induced CD8 T-lymphocyte-dependent rejection of established tumors in all treated mice that resulted in immunologic memory. MDSCs differentially expressed chemokine receptors. Analysis of the head and neck cancer TCGA cohort revealed high CTLA-4 and MDSC-related chemokine and an MDSC-rich gene expression profile with a T-cell inflamed phenotype in > 60% of patients. CXCR2 and CSF1R expression was validated on sorted peripheral blood MDSCs from HNSCC patients. Conclusions: MDSCs are a major contributor to local immunosuppression that limits responses to checkpoint inhibition in head and neck cancer. Limitation of MDSC recruitment or function represents a rational strategy to enhance responses to CTLA-4-based checkpoint inhibition in these patients.
Patterns of hydroclimatic change in the Rocky Mountains and surrounding regions since the last glacial maximum

Abstract The paleohydrologic record of western North America since the last glacial maximum reveals a wide range of hydroclimatic variability in time and space. To improve the understanding of abrupt hydroclimatic shifts and millennial-scale hydrologic changes in the central Rocky Mountains, we reconstruct the lake-level histories of two small lakes in the Beartooth and Bighorn Mountains in northern Wyoming over the past 17 ka. To do so, we use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sediment cores to track the elevations of shoreline sediments within the lakes through time. We compare the stratigraphies with those from four other lakes in Wyoming and Colorado, and find widespread evidence for a Terminal Pleistocene Drought from 15 to 11 ka, an early Holocene humid period from 11 to 8 ka, and mid-Holocene aridity from 8 to 5.5 ka. The northern Wyoming lakes also provide evidence of high levels in the Pleistocene, possibly before ca. 15 ka, and rapid hydroclimatic changes that may have correlated with Heinrich Event 1 (ca. 16.8 ka). We place the changes in a broad context by summarizing and mapping water-level changes from 107 additional, previously studied lakes. Important patterns include 1) extensive drying across the western U.S. after 15 ka; 2) sub-regional differences during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition; 3) a north-south contrast from 9 to 6 ka consistent with a northward shift in storm tracks as the influence of the Laurentide Ice Sheet diminished; and 4) rapid increases in effective moisture across much of western North America from 6 to 4 ka.
Best Practices in Local Government Wellness Programs: The Benefits of Organizational Investment and Performance Monitoring

Over the last 25 years, municipal governments responded to an environment of increasing health care costs by implementing workplace wellness programs. Research reveals that workplace wellness progr...
Scapholunate Ligament Internal Brace 360-Degree Tenodesis (SLITT) Procedure

Background Scapholunate (SL) joint instability is one of the most common injuries of the wrist and may result from a fall or high-energy mechanism on the outstretched hand. The purpose of this case report is to describe the outcome of a 360-degree tenodesis to the SL joint with an internal brace (SLITT) for the treatment of SL instability. Case Description A 42-year-old male patient underwent SL ligament reconstruction with the SLITT procedure 12 months after injury. Given the intrinsic stability of the reconstruction, Kirschner (K) wires were not used and an early range of motion protocol was initiated. Thirteen months after his reconstruction, he was back at work with maintenance of his carpal alignment. Discussion Since its initial description, a myriad of different surgical techniques for SL instability have been devised with varied success. These include capsular shrinkage, dorsal capsulodesis, reduction-association with a screw of the scapholunate joint (RASL), scapholunate axis method (SLAM), bone ligament bone grafts, and a variety of tendon reconstructions. Possible explanations for this varied outcome may be related to the use of soft tissue reconstructions for irreducible injuries and reconstruction of only the dorsal SL ligament. In addition, many of these techniques involve prolonged immobilization with the use of K-wires. Clinical Relevance The SLITT procedure reconstructs both the volar and dorsal SL ligament. Given the added stability afforded by intrinsic bracing, we feel that this reconstruction may permit earlier range of motion without the need for K-wire stabilization.
New Bugs and New Drugs: Updates in Clinical Microbiology

Background: The landscape of clinical microbiology laboratories is changing. As new technologies are introduced, we are better able to detect and identify pathogens and to recognize and characterize emerging antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Content: In this review, a selected cross-section of current hot topics in clinical microbiology is discussed. These topics include ( a ) diagnostics for urinary tract and sexually transmitted infections; ( b ) phenotypic and genotypic methods of detecting carbapenem resistance and discussion of newly approved anti-infective agents for these multi-drug resistant organisms; and ( c ) the significance, epidemiology, and identification of the emerging pathogens Mycobacterium chimaera and Candida auris . Summary: Communication between clinical microbiologists and their clinical colleagues is imperative to convey the significance of emerging pathogens and resistance determinants, as well as the performance characteristics of new diagnostic methods. Additionally, as antimicrobial resistance is surging, it is important to comprehensively evaluate the resistance profiles of clinical isolates to facilitate antimicrobial stewardship and inform infection prevention measures. Although antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis, it is encouraging that new anti-infective agents are in the pipeline and being approved for use in patients.
Long-Term Retention of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Training During Residency.

AbstractThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation developed milestones for evaluation of resident physicians that include proper musculoskeletal ultrasound examination of major joints. To date, there have been no published
Antennal ultrastructure of Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (Pieridae: Dismorphiinae: Leptideini) and its taxonomic implications.

We present the results of the first examination and comparative analysis of the ultrastructure of the antennae in seven species of Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (Pieridae). The results add further support to the hypothesis that the subfamily Dismorphiinae is composed of the tribes Leptideini and Dismorphiini. We summarize the results in a table and discuss the ultrastructure similarities and differences between the two tribes. Following a previously proposed framework, we trace the progression of character states and discuss the significance of the results in the context of varying phylogenetic hypotheses for Leptidea , with special emphasis on biogeography. We include a brief description of the terms we employ to described the main characters and types of sensilla of the antennal club of Leptidea . Remarkable antennal sexual dimorphism is noted in L. gigantea .
Traumatic/Revision Finger Amputation

Finger tip and finger amputation injuries are common. Revision amputation is the treatment of choice for the majority of traumatic amputations affecting the digits.
From Eminence-Based to Evidence-Based Research

The AO Research Institute in Davos, ARI, dates back to 1959, when the AO rented part of an underutilized facility and created the Laboratory for Experimental Surgery as a separate, not-for-profit foundation. At first, it was directed by Martin Allgower (an AO co-founder and head of the Chur hospital) and concentrated on research into Polytrauma (shock) and wound repair.
White Racial Activism and Paper Terrorism: A Case Study in Far-Right Propaganda

In 2017, far-right mobilization and demonstrations in the United States were at the highest levels since the 1980s and 90s. This coincided with a marked increase in propaganda campaigns in neighbor...
Exploring the Territory Before Proof: Student‘s Generalizations in a Computer Microworld for Transformation Geometry

Generalization and proof are defining activities within mathematics, yet the focus of "school" proof has often been on form over meaning, on established results rather than exploration and discovery. Computer-based microworlds offer opportunities for students to notice and describe patterns, formulate generalizations, and generate and test mathematics conjectures. This paper examines the work of a group of middle and high school students who used a microworld for transformation geometry to investigate the composition of reflections. The students‘conjectures are described in terms of a learning paths chart for the task, as well as through a detailed analysis of the work of one pair of students. A general scheme for describing informal exploration and reasoning prior to formal proof is offered, and the role of social support in the learning of proof is discussed.
Diffusion in Social Networks: Effects of Monophilic Contagion, Friendship Paradox, and Reactive Networks

We consider SIS diffusion processes over networks, where a classical assumption is that individuals’ decisions to adopt a contagion are based on their immediate neighbors. However, recent literature shows that some attributes are more correlated between two-hop neighbors, a concept referred to as monophily . This motivates us to explore monophilic contagion, the case where a contagion (e.g., a product, disease) is adopted by considering two-hop neighbors instead of immediate neighbors (e.g., you ask your friend about the new iPhone and she recommends you the opinion of one of her friends). We show that the phenomenon named friendship paradox makes it easier for the monophilic contagion to spread widely. We also consider the case where the underlying network stochastically evolves in response to the state of the contagion (e.g., depending on the severity of a flu virus, people restrict their interactions with others to avoid getting infected) and show that the dynamics of such a process can be approximated by a differential equation whose trajectory satisfies an algebraic constraint restricting it to a manifold. Our results shed light on how graph theoretic consequences affect contagions and, provide simple deterministic models to approximate the collective dynamics of contagions over stochastic graph processes.
Complication Rates in Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed for Osteoarthritis and Post-Traumatic Arthritis: A Comparison Study

Abstract Background The number of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures performed in the United States has been increasing. Increased complication rates have been demonstrated in patients with post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) undergoing TKA. However, there remains limited data directly comparing outcomes of TKA performed for osteoarthritis (OA) and PTA. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was utilized to identify patients undergoing elective TKA between 2006 and 2015 for OA and PTA. The prevalence of preoperative comorbidities and the incidence of postoperative complications including superficial wound infection, deep joint infection, acute deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolus were analyzed. Results Between 2006 and 2015, the National Inpatient Sample database accounted for 1,301,394 patients diagnosed with either PTA (14,206) or OA (1,287,188) undergoing TKA. The incidence of superficial wound infection, deep joint infection, and acute deep venous thrombosis was found to occur at a higher rate in patients with a diagnosis of PTA compared to OA. The incidence of pulmonary embolus was not found to be statistically different between the 2 groups. Patients with PTA had a higher prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse, psychosis, and liver disease, whereas patients with OA had a higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. Conclusion This study demonstrates an increased risk of complications in patients undergoing TKA for PTA compared to OA. Surgeons can use this information to help aid in counseling patients preoperatively. Furthermore, these data provide objective evidence that could have implications with regards to establishing bundled payment reimbursement in this patient population.
Fabrication of Curcumin-Loaded Dairy Milks Using the pH-Shift Method: Formation, Stability, and Bioaccessibility.

The pH-shift method is a simple approach for incorporating certain kinds of polyphenol-based nutraceuticals into already existing colloidal systems. The polyphenols can be loaded into hydrophobic particles due to the fact that their water-solubility is relatively high under alkaline conditions but low under acid or neutral conditions. In this study, it was demonstrated that bovine milk could be enriched with curcumin using this approach, without adversely affecting milk fat globule stability. The storage stability of the curcumin-enriched bovine milk was assessed when samples were incubated for 60 days at different pH values and temperatures. The pH-stability was determined by storing curcumin-enriched milk at 4 °C for 60 days at pH 6.5, 7.0, and/or 8.0. At this low storage temperature, all milk samples were stable to fat globule aggregation, creaming, curcumin degradation ( 37 °C (21%) > 20 °C (10%) > 4 °C (5%). Interestingly, the color of the curcumin-enriched milks incubated at 4, 20, and 37 °C remained similar to that of the initial samples, but the sample stored at 55 °C showed significant color fading. Curcumin bioaccessibility determined using an in vitro gastrointestinal tract was around 40%, which was attributed to some chemical degradation and binding of the curcumin reducing its stability and solubilization. This study shows that a hydrophobic nutraceutical (curcumin) can be loaded into dairy milk products using a simple method, which could facilitate the creation of novel functional foods and beverages.
Double Bass Techniques of the Early Jazz Era

ABSTRACTWhile it is no secret that many early jazz recordings featured the tuba as the low-end instrument of choice, something seems to be missing from the standard pedagogy in regards to jazz doub...
Context Matters: Financial, Psychological, and Relationship Insecurity Around Personal Finance Is Associated With Financial Exploitation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Context can influence or overwhelm the intellectual and cognitive aspects of financial decision making but has only recently received increased attention. The construct validity of conceptual subscales from a financial decision-making scale was examined in the context of their relationship to financial exploitation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two hundred forty-two community-based participants were recruited into the study. The final sample contained 242 participants. Measures included demographic variables, conceptually derived contextual items, and neurocognitive measures. Seventeen of the 34 contextual items investigated differentiated financially exploited and nonexploited older adults. Combining these 17 contextual items led to the creation of a new scale: the Financial Exploitation Vulnerability Scale (FEVS). Correlational analyses and area under the curve analyses were used to examine the relationship between this new scale of contextual items and other measures and to determine how clinically meaningful the scale was in the current sample. RESULTS Contextual items were powerful discriminators between those who were exploited and those who were not. The new scale of contextual items (the FEVS) demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82) and a strong area under the curve (receiver operating characteristic = 0.80), thereby indicating good clinical significance and evidence for construct validity. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS We examined the conceptually derived subscales of financial awareness, psychological vulnerability, and relationship strain and how these relate to financial exploitation. Our major finding is that contextual items differentiated between exploited and nonexploited adults, which demonstrate the importance of measuring context in financial decision making and exploitation. A new scale for measuring contextual items was introduced.
Using head-mounted eye-trackers to study sensory-motor dynamics of coordinated attention

In this chapter, we introduce recent research using head-mounted eye-trackers to record sensory-motor behaviors at a high resolution and examine parent-child interactions at a micro-level. We focus on one important research topic in early social and cognitive development: how young children and their parents coordinate their visual attention in social interactions. We start by introducing head-mounted eye-tracking and recent studies conducted using this method. We then present two sets of novel analysis techniques that examine how manual actions of parents and children with and without hearing loss contribute to their attention coordination. In the first set of analyses, we investigated different pathways parents and children used to coordinate their visual attention in toy play. After that, we used Sankey diagrams to represent the temporal dynamics of parents' and children's manual actions prior to and during coordinated attention. These two sets of analyses allowed us to explore how participants' sensory-motor behaviors contribute to the establishment and maintenance of coordinated attention. More generally, head-mounted eye-tracking allows us to ask new questions and conduct new analyses that were not previously possible. With this new sensing technology, the results here highlight the importance of understanding early social interaction from a multimodal, embodied view.
Time-Delayed Tuning of Vibration Absorbers for Non-collocated Suppression.

A conventional actively-tuned vibration absorber aims to remove undesired oscillations at its point of attachment to the primary structure. For tuning, the sacrificial absorber subsection is brought to resonance at the frequency of excitation. Non-collocated action, however, is to create the same suppression effect at a location other than the point of attachment of the absorber. This objective presents an unsolved problem in the systems community. There are many subtleties in this operation, two of which are treated in this paper particularly for lumped-mass chain structures. First is how to induce non-collocated suppression against time-varying excitation frequency using a local feedback control only (i.e., sensor-actuator collocated)? Second is how to assure the system stability during this active tuning operation? The novel feedback control law that answers the first question is inspired from a concept called the "Delayed Resonator". It utilizes a partial state feedback control but with a surprising time delay addition. For the stability question, a frequency sweeping method and a mathematical paradigm are combined, which provides the stable operating frequency ranges a priori to the execution of the method. We elucidate how the stability constraint appears in practice and provide example case studies for this relatively unexplored field in vibration.
Correction to: America’s Marine Highway stakeholders: a system-scale analysis of influence in decision-making

The article “America’s Marine Highway stakeholders: a system-scale analysis of influence in decision-making” written by Amit J. Mokashi, Austin Becker, and James J. Corbett, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on July 24, 2020, without open access.