cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced order LQG controllers for linear time varying plants

Abstract The problem of reduced order LQG optimization is addressed in a finite horizon, linear time-varying (LTV) system setting. First-order necessary conditions for local optimality in the parameter space is provided in terms of four coupled matrix differential equations. This result provides a transparent generalization of the optimal projection equations of Hyland and Bernstein for the optimal, steady-state compensation of linear time-invariant (LTI) plants.
FLUOROCHROMATE-CATALYZED PERIODIC ACID OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS AND ALDEHYDES

Abstract Preparation of aldehydes and ketones from alcohols, and carboxylic acids from alcohols and aldehydes using pyridinium fluorochromate (PFC) as a catalyst and H 5 IO 6 as the terminal oxidant is described here.
Rate of Price Discovery in Iterative Combinatorial Auctions

We study a class of iterative combinatorial auctions which can be viewed as subgradient descent methods for the problem of pricing bundles to balance supply and demand. We provide concrete convergence rates for auctions in this class, bounding the number of auction rounds needed to reach clearing prices. Our analysis allows for a variety of pricing schemes, including item, bundle, and polynomial pricing, and the respective convergence rates confirm that more expressive pricing schemes come at the cost of slower convergence. We consider two models of bidder behavior. In the first model, bidders behave stochastically according to a random utility model, which includes standard best-response bidding as a special case. In the second model, bidders can behave arbitrarily (even adversarially), and meaningful convergence relies on properly designed activity rules.
Comparison of noise equivalent count rates and image noise

The aim of this paper was to investigate the correlation between noise equivalent count (NEC) Rates and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in the reconstructed images. NEC rates were determined using uniform 20- and 60-cm-tall 20-cm-diameter cylinders filled with /sup 18/F. The phantoms were scanned in both two-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D mode. The reconstructed image noise, for each frame, was estimated using the bootstrap method. For each acquired frame, 250 sinogram replicates were generated (prompts and randoms, separately), which were reconstructed using FBP and OSEM (2i8s and 4i8s). The images were filtered to a final image resolution of 6 mm. From the reconstructed image sets, mean and standard deviation images were generated, from which the average image S/N (=mean/standard deviation) was calculated within a 5-cm central ROI. The effect of applying variance reduction processing on the random events, prior to subtraction from the prompt events, on the image noise was also investigated. The NEC was found to have a linear relationship to the square of the image S/N, where the only difference found was in the slope between different reconstruction methods, implying a difference in noise properties specific to each reconstruction algorithm. The linear relationship was also found in both 2-D and 3-D acquisition modes, as well as for the different activity distributions. The randoms processing showed an improvement in image S/N, consistent with a near noiseless estimate of the random rate. These results indicate that the NEC is not only a measure for comparing the count rate performance of imaging systems, but this measure also translates into a measure for comparing image noise.
Career Implications of Having a Female-Friendly Supervisor

The authors study how variations in supervisors’ attitudes toward working with females generate gender differences in workers’ observed career outcomes. The employment records of athletic directors...
Breaking temporal symmetries in acoustic metamaterials

In this work we discuss our recent investigations in breaking time-reversal and spatio-temporal symmetries to provide novel functionalities in the field of metamaterials, with special emphasis on the field of acoustics and sound manipulation. In particular, we focus on our recent work on non-reciprocal acoustic components and networks of these elements, as well as on the unusual acoustic properties of parity-time symmetric elements and arrays of them.
Can Calibration Be Used to Adjust for "Nonignorable" Nonresponse?

Calibration can be used to adjust for unit nonresponse when the model variables on which the response/nonresponse mechanism depends do not coincide with the benchmark variables in the calibration equation. As a result, modelvariable values need only be known for the respondents. This allows the treatment of what is usually considered nonignorable nonresponse. Although one can invoke either quasi-randomization or prediction-model-based theory to justify the calibration, both frameworks rely on unverifiable model assumptions, and both require large samples to produce nearly unbiased estimators even when those assumptions hold. We will explore these issues theoretically and with an empirical study.
Infinitary stability theory

We introduce a new device in the study of abstract elementary classes (AECs): Galois Morleyization, which consists in expanding the models of the class with a relation for every Galois (orbital) type of length less than a fixed cardinal $$\kappa $$?. We show: Theorem 0.1 (The semantic---syntactic correspondence) An AEC K is fully $$({<}\kappa )$$(<?)-tame and type short if and only if Galois types are syntactic in the Galois Morleyization. This exhibits a correspondence between AECs and the syntactic framework of stability theory inside a model. We use the correspondence to make progress on the stability theory of tame and type short AECs. The main theorems are: Theorem 0.2 Let K be a $$\text {LS}(K)$$LS(K)-tame AEC with amalgamation. The following are equivalent: (1)K is Galois stable in some $$\lambda \ge \text {LS}(K)$$??LS(K). (2)K does not have the order property (defined in terms of Galois types). (3)There exist cardinals $$\mu $$μ and $$\lambda _0$$?0 with $$\mu \le \lambda _0 < \beth _{(2^{\text {LS}(K)})^+}$$μ≤?0<?(2LS(K))+ such that K is Galois stable in any $$\lambda \ge \lambda _0$$???0 with $$\lambda = \lambda ^{<\mu }$$?=?<μ. Theorem 0.3 Let K be a fully $$({ \text {LS}(K)$$?=??>LS(K). If K is Galois stable, then the class of $$\kappa $$?-Galois saturated models of K admits an independence notion ($$({<}\kappa )$$(<?)-coheir) which, except perhaps for extension, has the properties of forking in a first-order stable theory.
Leak-Rate-Quantification Method for Gas Pressure Seals with Controlled Pressure Differential

An enhancement to the pressure-decay leak-rate method with mass-point analysis solved deficiencies with the standard method. By adding a control system, a constant gas pressure differential across ...
Principle of Virtual Work in Structural Analysis

Principle of virtual work is derived for plane structures composed of straight members to permit general interpretation of function usually called virtual displacement and is applied to determination of deflections in elastic, viscoelastic, and elastic-plastic structures, and to problem of deriving equilibrium equations.
Climate Change and Crop Choice in Zambia: A Mathematical Programming Approach

Abstract While climate change is widely regarded as a threat to food security in southern Africa, few studies attempt to link the impacts of climate change on agriculture with the specificities of smallholder livelihoods. This paper presents a set of farm household models in Zambia built in order to assess the impacts of climate change on rural households across different agro-ecological regions and household types. The models combine several techniques, including linear programming of farm-level decision making, regression analysis to estimate crop yields for the year 2050, and stochastic simulation to incorporate an uncertain climate. The models are parameterized with household survey data and calibrated to best reflect present-day crop distributions at each site. Results indicate that, under the diverging climate change scenarios of two contrasting general circulation models (HadCM3 and CCSM), farmers will likely shift their choices of technologies and crops. Among smallholder farms, calorie production from field crops is estimated to decrease by 1.17–5.44%. Although farm households are expected to meet their consumption requirements, the probability of falling below a minimum threshold of crop calorie production rises, particularly for smallholders who face binding land constraints. Given the current choice set, autonomous on-farm adaptation will not be enough to offset the negative yield effects of climate change. Thus, larger-scale interventions are needed to provide farmers with additional adaptation options.
What Drives the Adoption of Clean Agricultural Technologies? An Ex Ante Assessment of Sustainable Biofuel Production in Southwestern Wisconsin

This paper explores the farmer’s general decision to adopt a clean agricultural production technology and the particular role of pro-social behavior. We hypothesize that pro-social behavior may influence farmers’ individual valuation of clean technologies through two channels, their beliefs about the technology’s public benefits and their preferences for environmental quality. A linear characteristics model is developed to illustrate how a pro-social preference structure may lead to different adoption outcomes as compared to the standard profitmaximization framework. We test this possibility using mail survey data on ex ante bioenergy crop adoption in southwestern Wisconsin. The contingent valuation empirical strategy estimates farmers’ distribution of willingness-to-accept values (i.e., minimum biomass reservation prices) as a function of expected pro-social behavior, factors that constrain short-run technological change, and other standard adoption influences. We find that the observed heterogeneity in WTA values is partially and significantly explained by expected pro-social behavior.
Series compensated PWM inverter with battery supply applied to an isolated induction generator

The authors propose a new series compensated induction generator/battery supply topology which provides a constant voltage and frequency at the terminals, allowing minimum current harmonic distortion while providing a source and sink of real and reactive power. With appropriate control of the reactive power, the speed of the generator is allowed to vary within a relatively wide range. This technique can be further expanded by applying AC capacitors in parallel with the load to lessen the burden of the PWM (pulse-width-modulated) inverter. Both simulation and experimental results are in agreement with the theory, which leads to the conclusion that the system could be feasible for isolated power generation systems (wind, hydro, diesel, or hybrid generation). >
Fatou's interpolation theorem implies the Rudin-Carleson theorem

The purpose of this paper is to show that the Rudin–Carleson interpolation theorem is a direct corollary of Fatou’s much older interpolation theorem (of 1906).
What Happens When Food Marketers Require Restrictive Farming Practices

The dimensions that define a food product have expanded rapidly to include characteristics of the production process, marketing arrangements, and implications that production and consumption of the product have for the environment. Some market intermediaries have responded by requiring that their suppliers abide by restrictive production practices. We examine the economic effects of such restrictions and apply this analysis to limitations on the use of antibiotics in U.S. pork production. Results from conceptual and simulation analyses show that, in the absence of demand growth, less pork is sold due to higher costs in the restricted segment, and both pork consumers (on average) and producers are harmed. Demand growth of between 6–11% from adding new consumers who will consume the restricted (antibiotic‐free) product but not the conventional product is needed to return consumer surplus to the level in the base case, and between 2–4% demand growth was required to return producer surplus to base. When restricted and conventional products are modeled using a vertical differentiation framework, results depend importantly on the ease with which consumers can switch to a seller who offers their desired product type. Significant distributional impacts among consumers are present when switching costs are prohibitive.
Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Strategy for Flexible Pavements Based on Threshold Reliability, Cost Optimization, and Mechanistic–Empirical Analysis

Often preventive maintenance (PM) performed to a pavement does not restore a condition to as good as new. This study presents a practical pavement maintenance policy based on imperfect PM and mechanistic–empirical analysis. The international roughness index is used as the condition indicator. The policy is based on an increased hazard rate model from one cycle to the next and on a minimum reliability threshold. Monte Carlo simulations are used to develop the reliability function of flexible pavements, from which the hazard rate function is determined. The change of hazard rate from one cycle to the next is modeled with the age reduction factor and the hazard-rate increase factor. The expected cost per unit time of the pavement is minimized such that the minimum reliability is always maintained. The minimization procedure produces the number of PM cycles required. Case studies are presented with analyses of results showing the application of the procedure. The study indicates that hazard-rate function incr...
Experimental and theoretical investigations of functionalized boron nitride as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries

The feasibility of synthesizing functionalized h-BN (FBN) via the reaction between molten LiOH and solid h-BN is studied for the first time and its first ever application as an electrode material in Li-ion batteries is evaluated. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to provide mechanistic understanding of the possible electrochemical reactions derived from the FBN. Various materials characterizations reveal that the melt-solid reaction can lead to exfoliation and functionalization of h-BN simultaneously, while electrochemical analysis proves that the FBN can reversibly store charges through surface redox reactions with good cycle stability and coulombic efficiency. DFT calculations have provided physical insights into the observed electrochemical properties derived from the FBN.
Assessment of human sperm functional changes after in-vitro coincubation with cells retrieved from the human female reproductive tract

Human spermatozoa must undergo functional changes prior to fertilization; however, the site of this physiological event is still unclear. To evaluate the influence of the female reproductive tract on sperm fertilizing capacity, fertile sperm samples were coincubated with endometrial, oviductal, granulosa and cumulus cells, follicular fluid and maternal serum. Sperm penetration into the zona-free hamster ova and motion parameters were measured daily for 72 h. Compared to control samples, endometrial and oviductal cell cultures did not alter sperm fertilizing capacity or their movement characteristics. Sperm coincubated with follicular fluid, granulosa or cumulus cells exhibited a significantly higher ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova for up to 48 h. Sperm motility increased at 4 h in the presence of follicular fluid and serum. At 24 h sperm velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement significantly declined in sperm samples exposed to serum, and velocity also declined in follicular fluid and with coincubation using ovarian follicle cells. Sperm motility and velocity decreased at 48 h in the presence of serum, follicular fluid, cumulus or granulosa cells. Our findings may suggest that specific secretory factors produced in the human pre-ovulatory ovarian follicle enhance human sperm fertilizing capacity.
A compound unit method for incorporating ordered compounds into lattice models of alloys

Abstract Lattice models can be a basic tool for alloy design, due to their ability to capture the most important thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena of a wide-range of alloys at a low computational cost. However, in order to correctly treat ordered precipitates at off-stoichiometric compositions requires multi-body potentials, and these can be challenging to calibrate to known alloy behaviors. Here we introduce a simple means of capturing the multi-body terms needed to treat ordered compounds in a lattice model based on defining “compound units”. This approach is particularly designed for, and easily calibrated in, cases where the structure and formation energy of equilibrium compounds are already known. This is accomplished by defining a compound unit that derives its energy from the formation energy of the compound as an a priori input. The method is illustrated for a binary alloy with D03 and B2 stable compounds.
Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimation

This work introduces a novel convolutional network architecture for the task of human pose estimation. Features are processed across all scales and consolidated to best capture the various spatial relationships associated with the body. We show how repeated bottom-up, top-down processing used in conjunction with intermediate supervision is critical to improving the performance of the network. We refer to the architecture as a “stacked hourglass” network based on the successive steps of pooling and upsampling that are done to produce a final set of predictions. State-of-the-art results are achieved on the FLIC and MPII benchmarks outcompeting all recent methods.
Off-Diagonal Decay of Toric Bergman Kernels

We study the off-diagonal decay of Bergman kernels $${\Pi_{h^k}(z,w)}$$ and Berezin kernels $${P_{h^k}(z,w)}$$ for ample invariant line bundles over compact toric projective kahler manifolds of dimension m. When the metric is real analytic, $${P_{h^k}(z,w) \simeq k^m {\rm exp} - k D(z,w)}$$ where $${D(z,w)}$$ is the diastasis. When the metric is only $${C^{\infty}}$$ this asymptotic cannot hold for all $${(z,w)}$$ since the diastasis is not even defined for all $${(z,w)}$$ close to the diagonal. Our main result is that for general toric $${C^{\infty}}$$ metrics, $${P_{h^k}(z,w) \simeq k^m {\rm exp} - k D(z,w)}$$ as long as w lies on the $${\mathbb{R}_+^m}$$ -orbit of z, and for general $${(z,w)}$$ , $${{\rm lim\,sup}_{k \to \infty} \frac{1}{k} {\rm log} P_{h^k}(z,w) \,\leq\, - D(z^*,w^*)}$$ where $${D(z, w^*)}$$ is the diastasis between z and the translate of w by $${(S^1)^m}$$ to the $${\mathbb{R}_+^m}$$ orbit of z. These results are complementary to Mike Christ’s negative results showing that $${P_{h^k}(z,w)}$$ does not have off-diagonal exponential decay at “speed” k if $${(z,w)}$$ lies on the same $${(S^1)^m}$$ -orbit.
A Cell Protection Screen Reveals Potent Inhibitors of Multiple Stages of the Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle involves multiple steps, but most current drug candidates target only viral replication. The inability to systematically discover inhibitors targeting multiple steps of the HCV life cycle has hampered antiviral development. We present a simple screen for HCV antivirals based on the alleviation of HCV-mediated cytopathic effect in an engineered cell line—n4mBid. This approach obviates the need for a secondary screen to avoid cytotoxic false-positive hits. Application of our screen to 1280 compounds, many in clinical trials or approved for therapeutic use, yielded >200 hits. Of the 55 leading hits, 47 inhibited one or more aspects of the HCV life cycle by >40%. Six compounds blocked HCV entry to levels similar to an antibody (JS-81) targeting the HCV entry receptor CD81. Seven hits inhibited HCV replication and/or infectious virus production by >100-fold, with one (quinidine) inhibiting infectious virus production by 450-fold relative to HCV replication levels. This approach is simple and inexpensive and should enable the rapid discovery of new classes of HCV life cycle inhibitors.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition of the gonadotropin-stimulated rabbit: effect on estradiol production.

Purpose Our purpose was to determine whether angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors affect gonadotropin-stimulated estradiol (E2)production.
Micro-Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Direct Liquid Introduction

Travaux du laboratoire, en particulier sur le plan du materiel, c'est un injecteur a diaphragme qui est utilise comme interface chromatographe-spectrometre. Nombreux exemples de separations
A Single Cu(II) Catalyst for the Three-Component Coupling of Diverse Nitrogen Sources with Aldehydes and Alkynes

A single Cu(II) catalyst without the addition of ligand or base couples a diverse range of nitrogen sources with alkynes and aldehydes bearing alkyl, halogenated, silyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups. The first example of a copper-catalyzed alkynylation involving p-toluenesulfonamide provides high yields of N-Ts-protected propargylamines. The superior activity of copper(II) triflate also allows this three-component alkynylation to incorporate a ketone.
Cytotoxic property of mouse cancer antiserum.

ConclusionsAn immune serum prepared in rabbits against the mouse mammary carcinoma milk factor, or Bittner virus, when mixed with cancer cells for a period of 6 hours completely inhibits their growth so that transplant tumors do not develop. Control tumors developed after similar treatment of tumor cells with serum from normal rabbits and with serum from rabbits immunized with normal lactating mouse breast tissue.
Estimating the gender penalty in House of Representative elections using a regression discontinuity design

While the number of female candidates running for office in U.S. House of Representative elections has increased considerably since the 1980s, women continue to account for about only 20% of House members. Whether this gap in female representation can be explained by a gender penalty female candidates face as the result of discrimination on the part of voters or campaign donors remains uncertain. In this paper, I estimate the gender penalty in U.S. House of Representative general elections using a regression discontinuity design (RDD). Using this RDD, I am able to assess whether chance nomination of female candidates to run in the general election affected the amount of campaign funds raised, general election vote share and probability of victory in House elections between 1982 and 2012. I find no evidence of a gender penalty using these measures. These results suggest that the deficit of female representation in the House is more likely the result of barriers to entering politics as opposed to overt gender discrimination by voters and campaign donors.
Associations between Diet Behaviors and Measures of Glycemia, in Clinical Setting, in Obese Adolescents.

Abstract Objective: To determine the influence of dietary behaviors, assessed in a clinical setting, on measures of glycemia in overweight and obese adolescents. Study Design: The study is a retrospective, cross-sectional chart review. Eligible participants were overweight youth (N = 146, age 9–21 years) who attended the Youth Diabetes Prevention Clinic in Indianapolis, IN. Glycemic status was assessed during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the Bright Futures Questionnaire, a recommended clinical tool for assessing unhealthy behaviors in youth, nutrition-specific questions were modified to quantify dietary habits. Associations between dietary habits and measures of glycemia were determined using multiple linear regression models. Skewed data are presented as geometric means and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of the 146 adolescents who were assessed [60% girls, age 13.7 years (13.3, 14.0), BMI 33.9 kg/m2 (33.3, 34.5)], 40% were diagnosed with prediabetes. Higher intake of dessert foods ...
Morphing: The Linkage of Inward Private Equity and Outward Ventures

Private equity is impacting the global economy and competitive landscape of multinational enterprises (MNEs) worldwide. In this pioneering study, we find an important new pattern for global interfirm connections: an inward private equity investment is inductive for emerging MNEs to conduct an outward venture. This inward-outward linkage implies that emerging MNEs are more likely to undergo a series of organizational changes after receiving private equity investments. These changes include restructuring their boards of directors, rebuilding their top management teams, reconfiguring their corporate resources, reframing the industry structure, and altering competitive dynamics. These organizational changes induce emerging MNEs to modify their strategies such as speeding up the internationalization process, locating additional outward ventures in advanced economies, and choosing more complex entry modes, particularly cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We describe this type of evolving internationalization of emerging MNEs as a “morphing” process with in-depth case studies on emerging Chinese MNEs including Lenovo, Zoomlion, Geely, Alibaba.com, Huawei, NVC Lighting, and BYD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of septanose carbohydrates

Seven-atom ring sugars, called septanoses, are increasingly the focus of scientific inquiries because of their potential biological activities. This article details the synthesis, conformational analysis, and protein-binding properties of septanose carbohydrates. A distinction is drawn between septanoses that are substituted in the 6-position of the ring and those that are not. When a C-6 substituent is absent, the structure is essentially that of an aldohexose in its septanose, rather than furanose or pyranose, ring form; they may play as-of-yet unexplored roles in glycobiology. Septanoses having a hydroxymethyl group at C-6, on the other hand, are ring-expanded analogues of pyranoses. Syntheses have moved beyond the preparation of seven-membered ring monosaccharides to the development of septanosyl donors. These donors have been used in the synthesis of novel di- and trisaccharides that contain septanoses as well as a variety of glycoconjugates. Low-energy conformations adopted by septanoses have been organized based on ring substitution and stereochemistry. Instances where septanoses have been demonstrated to bind to natural proteins are presented and analyzed. The major conclusion drawn in the chapter is that advances in the synthesis of septanose carbohydrates now enable a detailed investigation of their activity in a number of biological contexts.
A (1+epsilon)-approximation for makespan scheduling with precedence constraints using LP hierarchies

In a classical problem in scheduling, one has n unit size jobs with a precedence order and the goal is to find a schedule of those jobs on m identical machines as to minimize the makespan. It is one of the remaining four open problems from the book of Garey & Johnson whether or not this problem is NP-hard for m=3. We prove that for any fixed e and m, an LP-hierarchy lift of the time-index LP with a slightly super poly-logarithmic number of r = (log(n))Θ(loglogn) rounds provides a (1 + e)-approximation. For example Sherali-Adams suffices as hierarchy. This implies an algorithm that yields a (1+e)-approximation in time nO(r). The previously best approximation algorithms guarantee a 2 − 7/3m+1-approximation in polynomial time for m ≥ 4 and 4/3 for m=3. Our algorithm is based on a recursive scheduling approach where in each step we reduce the correlation in form of long chains. Our method adds to the rather short list of examples where hierarchies are actually useful to obtain better approximation algorithms.
Extractors for sumset sources

We propose a new model of weak random sources which we call sumset sources. A sumset source X is the sum of C independent sources, with each source on n bits source having min-entropy k. We show that extractors for this class of sources can be used to give extractors for most classes of weak sources that have been studied previously, including independent sources, affine sources (which generalizes oblivious bit-fixing sources), small space sources, total entropy independent sources, and interleaved sources. This provides a unified approach for randomness extraction. A known extractor for this class of sources, prior to our work, is the Paley graph function introduced by Chor and Goldreich, which works for the sum of 2 independent sources, where one has min-entropy at least 0.51n and the other has logarithmic min-entropy. To the best of our knowledge, the only other known construction is from the work of Kamp, Rao, Vadhan and Zuckerman, which can extract from the sum of exponentially many independent sources. Our main result is an explicit extractor for the sum of C independent sources for some large enough constant C, where each source has polylogarithmic min-entropy. We then use this extractor to obtain improved extractors for other well studied classes of sources including small-space sources, affine sources and interleaved sources.
Surgical correction of male sterility.

A series of 157 patients were subjected to surgical exploration to d etermine the mechanical causes of male sterilty. Factors causing sterility included congenital absence of the epididymes surgical division of the vasa deferentia for sterilization purposes and gonococcus or some unspecific pyogenic organism causing bilateral epididymitis. Attempts to re-establish a satisfactory channel for spermatozoa passage have been successful in approximately 10 to 16% of the patients. While these results have produced both pessimistic and optimistic phases of opinion continued and more widespread study is necessary to restore fertility in a larger percentage of these patients.
A convex optimization approach for identification of human tissue-specific interactomes.

Motivation: Analysis of organism-specific interactomes has yielded novel insights into cellular function and coordination, understanding of pathology, and identification of markers and drug targets. Genes, however, can exhibit varying levels of cell type specificity in their expression, and their coordinated expression manifests in tissue-specific function and pathology. Tissue-specific/tissue-selective interaction mechanisms have significant applications in drug discovery, as they are more likely to reveal drug targets. Furthermore, tissue-specific transcription factors (tsTFs) are significantly implicated in human disease, including cancers. Finally, disease genes and protein complexes have the tendency to be differentially expressed in tissues in which defects cause pathology. These observations motivate the construction of refined tissue-specific interactomes from organism-specific interactomes. Results: We present a novel technique for constructing human tissue-specific interactomes. Using a variety of validation tests (Edge Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology Enrichment, Disease-Gene Subnetwork Compactness), we show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques. Finally, using case studies of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, we show that tissue-specific interactomes derived from our study can be used to construct pathways implicated in pathology and demonstrate the use of these pathways in identifying novel targets. Availability and implementation: http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/mohammas/projects/ActPro.html Contact: ude.eudrup@idammahom
THE IMPACT OF A DEDICATED PONSETI SERVICE ON OUTCOMES OF IDIOPATHIC CLUBFOOT TREATMENT

Aim To compare outcomes for children treated for idiopathic clubfeet with the Ponseti regimen before (2002–2004) and after (2005–2006) implementation of a dedicated Ponseti service. Method A retrospective analysis of outcomes for all patients with idiopathic clubfeet treated in the 2 years before and after implementation of a dedicated Ponseti service was undertaken. Results were statistically analysed using Fisher9s exact t-test. Results In the original cohort treated between 2002–2004, with an ad-hoc service where children were treated in general paediatric orthopaedic clinics by a number of different consultants, 100 feet in 66 children were treated. 96 feet (96%) responded to initial casting. 85 feet (85%) required tendo-achilles tenotomy. 31 feet had a recurrence within the first 2 years (16 of which were successfully treated by repeat casting and/or tenotomy and/or transfer of the tendon of tibialis anterior, the remaining 15 requiring extensive soft tissue release). Between 2005–2006, with a dedicated Ponseti service, 72 feet in 53 children were treated. 72 (100%) responded to initial casting. 60 feet (83.3%) required tendo-achilles tenotomy. Relapse of the initial deformity occurred within 2 years in 11 feet – 4 children required repeat serial casting, 3 feet required tendon of tibialis anterior transfer, 3 required repeat tenotomy of tendo-achilles and one foot required extensive soft tissue release. Conclusion Our results have shown that a dedicated Ponseti service leads to improved outcomes in the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. We have shown a statistically significant reduction of recurrence (p=0.02) and extensive soft tissue release (0.002) in those children treated in a specialist service compared to an earlier ad hoc treatment programme.
Lone-wolf match-fixing: global policy considerations

ABSTRACTThe rise of reported instances of match-fixing in sport is staggering. Match-fixing has been called one of the most serious threats to the integrity of sport. Absent from the literature on match-fixing is attention to the concept of lone-wolf match-fixing. While multi-party organised match-fixing presents a substantial threat to sport, sport may face an even greater threat from lone-wolf match-fixing, where the fixer perpetrates the attack in the absence of communication with others. Using doctrinal legal research methods and statutory interpretation, we examine select European, North American, Oceanic and Asian legal frameworks for preventing match-fixing. We conclude that sport faces a very real threat from inadequate statutory protection, with lone-wolf match-fixing likely being permissible in certain jurisdictions. Given this legal gap, numerous countries are unprepared to combat individually motivated match-fixers seeking to manipulate sporting events.
Developing Self-Regulated Learners through an Intelligent Tutoring System.

Intelligent tutoring systems have been developed to help students learn independently. However, students who are poor self-regulated learners often struggle to use these systems because they lack the skills necessary to learn independently. The field of psychology has extensively studied self-regulated learning and can provide strategies to improve learning, however few of these include the use of technology. The present proposal reviews three elements of self-regulated learning (motivational beliefs, help-seeking behavior, and meta-cognitive self-monitoring) that are essential to intelligent tutoring systems. Future research is suggested, which address each element in order to develop self-regulated learning strategies in students while they are engaged in learning mathematics within an intelligent tutoring system.
Multirate forward-model disturbance observer for feedback regulation beyond Nyquist frequency

Abstract A fundamental challenge in digital control arises when the controlled plant is subjected to a fast disturbance dynamics but is only equipped with a relatively slow sensor. Such intrinsic difficulties are, however, commonly encountered in many novel applications such as laser- and electron-beam-based additive manufacturing, human–machine interaction, etc. This paper provides a discrete-time regulation scheme for exact sampled-data rejection of disturbances beyond Nyquist frequency. By introducing a model-based multirate predictor and a forward-model disturbance observer, we show that the inter-sample disturbances can be fully attenuated despite the limitations in sampling and sensing. The proposed control scheme offers several advantages in stability assurance and lucid design intuitions. Verification of the algorithm is conducted on a motion control platform that shares the general characteristics in several advanced manufacturing systems.
Periodic screening with prostate-specific antigen testing reduced mortality from prostate cancer.

Source Citation Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1320-8. 19297566
A Hydrogen Containment Process for Nuclear Thermal Engine Ground testing

Nuclear thermal propulsion is an enabling technology for delivering large payloads to Mars, and ground testing of a nuclear thermal engine is an important part of the development. A critical issue ...
A sound absorbing metasurface with coupled resonators

An impedance matched surface is able, in principle, to totally absorb the incident sound and yield no reflection, and this is desired in many acoustic applications. Here we demonstrate a design of impedance matched sound absorbing surface with a simple construction. By coupling different resonators and generating a hybrid resonance mode, we designed and fabricated a metasurface that is impedance-matched to airborne sound at tunable frequencies with subwavelength scale unit cells. With careful design of the coupled resonators, over 99% energy absorption at central frequency of 511 Hz with a 50% absorption bandwidth of 140 Hz is achieved experimentally. The proposed design can be easily fabricated, and is mechanically stable. The proposed metasurface can be used in many sound absorption applications such as loudspeaker design and architectural acoustics.
Technology and Production Fragmentation: Domestic versus Foreign Sourcing

This article provides direct empirical evidence on the relationship between technology and firms’ global sourcing strategies. Using new data on U.S. firms’ decisions to contract for manufacturing services from domestic or foreign suppliers, I show that a firm’s adoption of communication technology between 2002 and 2007 is associated with a 3.1 point increase in its probability of fragmentation. The effect of firm technology also differs significantly across industries; in 2007, it is 20% higher, relative to the mean, in industries with production specifications that are easier to codify in an electronic format. These patterns suggest that technology lowers coordination costs, though its effect is disproportionately higher for domestic rather than foreign sourcing. The larger impact on domestic fragmentation highlights its importance as an alternative to offshoring, and can be explained by complementarities between technology and worker skill. High technology firms and industries are more likely to source from high human capital countries, and the differential impact of technology across industries is strongly increasing in country human capital.
Design and Analysis of an Axial Flux Magnetically Geared Generator

Axial flux magnetically geared machines offer the potential to achieve exceptional torque densities at high diameters. This paper proposes a topology for an axial flux magnetically geared machine, in which the electric machine is placed in the bore of the axial flux magnetic gear. This new topology offers the advantage of correctly matching the size of the electric machine to its required torque without increasing the volume of the system beyond that of the magnetic gear. A proof-of-concept prototype with a torque density of $\text{7.8 kN}\cdot\text{m/m}^{3}$ was designed, fabricated, and tested to evaluate the novel topology. A less conservative alternate design capable of achieving $\text{60.6 kN}\cdot\text{m/m}^{3}$ was also simulated to demonstrate the topology's potential for high torque densities, and even higher torque densities can be reached at larger scale designs.
SURFACE REPLACEMENT ARTHROPLASTY: STILL A VIABLE OPTION – AFFIRMS

Total hip arthroplasty is among the most successful interventions in all of medicine and has recently been termed “The Operation of the Century”. Charnley originally stated that “Objectives must be reasonable. Neither surgeons nor engineers will ever make an artificial hip joint that will last 30 years and at some time in this period enable the patient to play football.” and he defined the appropriate patient as generally being over 65 years of age. Hip rating scales developed during this time were consistent with this approach and only required relief of pain and return to normal activities of daily living to achieve a perfect score. Since this time, however, hip arthroplasty has been applied to high numbers of younger, more active individuals and patient expectations have increased. One recent study showed that in spite of a good hip score, only 43% of patients had all of their expectations completely fulfilled following THA. The current generation of metal-metal hip surface replacement arthroplasty (SRA) has been suggested as an alternative to standard THA which may offer advantages to patients including retention of more native bone, less stress shielding, less thigh pain due to absence of a stem, less limb length discrepancy, and a higher activity level. A recent technology review by the AAOS determined that currently available literature was inadequate to verify any of these suggested potential benefits. The potential complications associated with SRA have been well documented recently. The indications are narrower, the implant is more expensive, the technique is more demanding and less forgiving, and the results are both highly product and surgeon specific. Unless a clinical advantage in the level of function of SRA over THA can be demonstrated, continued enthusiasm for this technique is hard to justify. To generate data on the level of function of younger more active arthroplasty patients, a national multicentre survey was conducted by an independent university medical interviewing centre with a long track record of conducting state and federal medical surveys. All patients were under 60, high demand (pre-morbid UCLA score > 6) and had received a cementless stem with an advanced bearing surface or an SRA at one of five major total joint centres throughout the country. The detailed questionnaire quantified symptoms and function related to employment, recreation, and sexual function. Patients with SRA had a higher incidence of noises emanating from the hip than other bearing surfaces although this was transient and asymptomatic. SRA patients were much more likely to have less thigh pain than THA, less likely to limp, less likely to perceive a limb length difference, more likely to run for exercise, and more likely to run longer distances. While some or most of the observed advantages of SRA over THA may be attributable to some degree of selection bias, the inescapable conclusion is that SRA patients are demonstrating clinical advantages that warrants continued utilisation and investigation of this procedure.
A Perspective on Deep Imaging

The combination of tomographic imaging and deep learning, or machine learning in general, promises to empower not only image analysis but also image reconstruction. The latter aspect is considered in this perspective article with an emphasis on medical imaging to develop a new generation of image reconstruction theories and techniques. This direction might lead to intelligent utilization of domain knowledge from big data, innovative approaches for image reconstruction, and superior performance in clinical and preclinical applications. To realize the full impact of machine learning for tomographic imaging, major theoretical, technical and translational efforts are immediately needed.
Closing Uranyl Polyoxometalate Capsules with Bismuth and Lead Polyoxocations

Uranyl polyoxometalate clusters are both fundamentally fascinating and potentially relevant to nuclear energy applications. With only ten years of development, there is still much to be discovered about heterometal derivatives and aqueous speciation and behavior. Herein, we show that it is possible to encapsulate the polyoxocations [Bi6O8]2+ and [Pb8O6]4+ in [(UO2)(O2)(OH)]2424− (denoted Bi@U24 and Pb@U24) in pure form and high yields despite the fact that under aqueous conditions, these compounds are stable on opposite ends of the pH scale. Moreover, [Pb8O6]4+ is a formerly unknown PbII polynuclear species, both in solution and in the solid state. Raman spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction solutions revealed the very rapid assembly of the nested clusters, driven by bismuth- or lead-promoted decomposition of excess peroxide, which inhibits U24 formation. Experimental and simulated small-angle X-ray scattering data of Bi@U24 and Pb@U24 solutions revealed that this technique is very sensitive not only to the size and shape of the clusters, but also to the encapsulated species.
Enterprise Risk Management and the Cost of Capital

Enterprise risk management (ERM) is a process that manages all risks in an integrated, holistic fashion by controlling and coordinating any offsetting risks across the enterprise. This research investigates whether the adoption of the ERM approach affects firms' cost of equity capital. We restrict our analysis to the U.S. insurance industry to control for unobservable differences in business models and risk exposures across industries. We simultaneously model firms' adoption of ERM and the effect of ERM on the cost of capital. We find that ERM adoption significantly reduces firm's cost of capital. Our results suggest that cost of capital benefits are one answer to the question how ERM can create value.
Multimodal Semantic Simulations of Linguistically Underspecified Motion Events

This paper details the technical functionality of VoxSim, a system for generating three-dimensional visual simulations of natural language motion expressions. We use a rich formal model of events and their participants to generate simulations that satisfy the minimal constraints entailed by an utterance and its minimal model, relying on real-world semantic knowledge of physical objects and motion events. This paper outlines technical considerations of such a system, and discusses the implementation of the aforementioned semantic models as well as VoxSim’s suitability as a platform for examining linguistic and spatial reasoning questions.
A Theme-Rewriting Approach for Generating Algebra Word Problems

Texts present coherent stories that have a particular theme or overall setting, for example science fiction or western. In this paper, we present a text generation method called {\it rewriting} that edits existing human-authored narratives to change their theme without changing the underlying story. We apply the approach to math word problems, where it might help students stay more engaged by quickly transforming all of their homework assignments to the theme of their favorite movie without changing the math concepts that are being taught. Our rewriting method uses a two-stage decoding process, which proposes new words from the target theme and scores the resulting stories according to a number of factors defining aspects of syntactic, semantic, and thematic coherence. Experiments demonstrate that the final stories typically represent the new theme well while still testing the original math concepts, outperforming a number of baselines. We also release a new dataset of human-authored rewrites of math word problems in several themes.