cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomic structure of reconstructed group IV and III–V semiconductor surfaces

Abstract A review of recent progress in the understanding of structural and electronic properties of the low-index surfaces of group IV and III–V semiconductors is given and the “driving forces” for surface reconstruction are analyzed. The main conclusions from this study are that for group IV materials the reconstructions are always characterized by an increase in the bonding order at the surface. In contrast, for group III–V compounds the reconstructions are driven by substantial rehybridizations of dangling-bond orbitals and, simultaneously, by a tendency to lower the polarity of the surface. In some cases, such as the Ga-terminated (111) and As-terminated (100) surfaces of GaAs , the latter effect leads to an increased dangling-bond density at the reconstructed surface as compared to that on the ideal and unreconstructed surface.
Impact of evidence-based clinical guidelines on the adoption of postmastectomy radiation in older women.

BACKGROUND: Although postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves survival for patients with high-risk breast cancer, previous literature suggested that it is underused. The impact of recent clinical guidelines on PMRT use is unknown. Accordingly, the authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare cohort to determine whether the use of PMRT has increased in response to evidence-based guidelines. METHODS: In total, 38,322 women aged ≥66 years who underwent mastectomy for invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2005 were identified. Time trends in the receipt of PMRT for low-risk (T1/T2 N0), intermediate-risk (T1/T2 N1), and high-risk (T3/T4 and/or N2/N3) patients were characterized. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for PMRT omission. RESULTS: The receipt of PMRT by patients with high-risk breast cancer increased from 36.5% (95% confidence interval, 26%-46.9%) to 57.7% (95% confidence interval, 46.9%-68.4%) between 1996 and 1998 with the publication of landmark clinical trials. However no further increase in PMRT use was observed between 1999 and 2005 despite publication of multiple guidelines endorsing its use; during this period, only 54.8% (2729 of 4978) of high-risk patients received PMRT. Within this high-risk group, patients with smaller tumors or less advanced lymph node disease were at risk for PMRT omission. CONCLUSIONS: After an initial increase in PMRT use in response to clinical trials, the use of PMRT did not increase further in response to guideline publication, and nearly 50% of patients with high-risk breast cancer still do not receive PMRT. Additional research is needed to determine how clinical guidelines can be used to bridge the gap between level I evidence and clinical practice. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society
Richard Arthur Reyment: Father of the International Association for Mathematical Geology

Richard Arthur Reyment was born of parents of English, Swedish, and Spanish descent in Coburg, Victoria, Australia on 4 December 1926. After obtaining his bachelor degree from Melbourne University in 1948 he spent several years with the British Colonial Service in Nigeria. While there he obtained his masters degree from Melbourne and a doctorate from the University of Stockholm (Sweden). His work in Nigeria led to the appointment as professor at the University of Ibadan. He returned to Sweden in 1965 with an appointment from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. In 1967 he was awarded his DSc from Melbourne University and was appointed to the Chair of Historical Geology and Paleontology at the University of Uppsala (Sweden), where he remained until his retirement in 1991. His early studies on random events, multivariate morphometrics, and statistical analysis in geology and biology naturally led him into the quantitative aspects of his chosen profession, and whetted his desire to share these exper...
Carrier-Density Fluctuation Noise and the Interface Trap Density in GaN/AlGaN HFETs

The interface trap density NT is extracted from the experimental low-frequency noise data for GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs). The trap density is determined based on the carrier-density fluctuation formalism. We show that the value of NT approximately defines the noise response of different GaN/AlGaN HFETs fabricated on the same wafer and it weakly depends on the gate bias. The dependence is due to the non-uniformity of the trap distribution. A model for computer simulation of the low-frequency noise in GaN devices is proposed.
Get a life: thinking outside the box [multimedia]

Like a good classic novel or a cutting political debate, multimedia content should and can generate rich interpersonal exchanges. The paper considers a language learning application which tells a story of the Berlin through the eyes and dialogs of six Berliners who meet as part of the production.
The reservation of out-of-print material: Promptness pays

Abstract The prompt identification and reservation of out-of-print titles wanted from a dealer's catalog can result in the successful acquisition of a high percentage of the titles desired.
Evolution of pesticide resistance in apple pests and their natural enemies

Evolution of pesticide resistance in 24 apple pest and natural enemy species was simulated with a computer model. Population ecology parameters were varied among species while physiological, biochemical and genetic assumptions were held constant. There was good agreement between the model's predictions and observed historical patterns of azinphosmethyl resistance among pests and natural enemies. Correspondence between predicted and observed was improved by assuming that natural enemies evolved resistance only after their prey/hosts became resistant, but not by assuming greater initial susceptibility in natural enemies. Results suggest that ecological factors may be important in determining rates of resistance evolution.
Effect of mercaptopicolinic acid and of transaminase inhibitors on glycogen synthesis by rat hepatocytes

Abstract To explore the mechanism of the stimulation of glycogen synthesis by amino acids (1) we have studied the effects of transaminase inhibitors and of mercaptopicolinic acid, (MPA) an inhibitor of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase. Mercaptopicolinic acid enhanced glycogen synthesis from fructose, dihydroxyacetone and xylitol. Stimulation of glycogen synthesis with hepatocytes from fasted rats by 0.5 mM mercaptopicolinic acid was 50–70% as effective as 10 mM glutamine. With hepatocytes from fed rats, the stimulation of glycogen synthesis by mercaptopicolinic acid was more pronounced, and stimulation by mercaptopicolinic acid and amino acids was additive. Glycogen synthesis as high as 1% in wet weight per hour was attained in hepatocytes with a high initial glycogen content. Over 80% of glycogen synthase was in the active (a) form. Amino oxyacetic acid greatly depressed or abolished the stimulatory effect of glutamine and asparagine and of mercatopicolinic acid, and induced extensive glycogen breakdown in hepatocytes of fed rats.
Level-rank duality of D-branes on the SU(N) group manifold

Abstract The consequences of level-rank duality for untwisted D-branes on an SU(N) group manifold are explored. Relations are found between the charges of D-branes (which are classified by twisted K-theory) belonging to su ˆ ( N ) K and su ˆ ( K ) N WZW theories, in the case of odd N + K . An isomorphism between the charge algebras is also demonstrated in this case.
Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia presenting as osteoblastic bone lesions.

Lymphoblastic lymphoma is a neoplasm of precursors lymphoid cells morphologically indistinguishable from those of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Approximately 10% to 20% of cases are of the precursor B-cell (P-BLL) phenotype. This type of lymphoma most often manifests in the skin and lymph nodes. In recent years more case reports of P-BLL presenting as lytic bone lesions have appeared in the literature. We describe an interesting case of P-BLL/leukemia that initially presented as an osteoblastic bone lesion and discuss the differential diagnosis from a pathologic-radiologic standpoint.
THE POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE OF GUANINE IS NOT FLAT : AN AB INITIO STUDY WITH LARGE BASIS SETS AND HIGHER ORDER ELECTRON CORRELATION CONTRIBUTIONS

An investigation of the potential energy surface (PES) of guanine was performed. The (nonplanar) molecular geometries of seven different forms of guanine were studied using the ab initio LCAO-MO method at the MP2 level with valence double-ζ basis sets augmented by d- and p-polarization functions (6-31G(d,p)). Among the studied forms are the four lowest energy tautomers, one rotamer, and two transition state forms for proton transfer between oxo and hydroxo tautomers of guanine N(7)H and N(9)H tautomers. Our best estimation of the relative stabilities of the tautomers includes electron correlation contributions calculated at the MP2/6-31G(d,p) reference geometries at the MP4(SDTQ)/6-31G(d,p), MP4(SDQ)/6-311G(d,p), and MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) levels. Three tautomers (and one rotamer) are located within 10 kJ mol-1 on the MP2 level PES of guanine. The calculated energy barriers for the proton transfer are larger than 150 kJ mol-1 and do not change by more than a few kJ mol-1 upon application of the SCRF model ba...
Ambient hydrolysis deposition of TiO2 in nanoporous carbon and the converted TiN–carbon capacitive electrode

Despite the considerable advances of deposition technologies, formation of conformal deposition on the surface of nanoporous carbons remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce a new ambient hydrolysis deposition method that employs and controls pre-adsorbed water vapor on nanoporous carbons to define the deposition of TiO2. We converted the deposited TiO2 into TiN via a nitridation process. The metallic-TiN-coated porous carbon exhibits superior kinetic performance as an electrode in electrical double layer capacitors. The novel deposition method provides a general solution for surface engineering on nanostructured carbons, which may result in a strong impact on the fields of energy storage and other disciplines.
Sharing Transient Loads : Causes of Unequal Transient Load Sharing in Islanded Microgrid Operation

When inverters in voltage control mode are paired with synchronous generators (SGs), they exhibit poor transient load sharing in islanded operation. It is well known that power electronics respond more quickly where the inverter initially picks up the majority of every load step, and the generator's output slowly increases until they reach their steady-state load sharing given by droop settings. This excessive transient power output from the inverter constrains its rating relative to the largest load step and could negatively impact the battery life in battery energy-storage inverters. This article provides a detailed examination of the differences between the frequency-regulation characteristics of inverters and generators to explain, in a novel way, the cause of the poor transient power sharing. The tradeoff between an improved transient load sharing and increased voltage and frequency transients is highlighted, and it is demonstrated that equal transient load sharing can be achieved by emulating an SG using a power hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) approach. Validation is provided by simulation and experimental results.
On the consistency of distributed proofs with hidden subtrees

Previous work has shown that distributed authorization systems that fail to sample a consistent snapshot of the underlying system during policy evaluation are vulnerable to a number of attacks. Unfortuantely, the consistency enforcement solutions presented in previous work were designed for systems in which only CA-certified evidence is used during the decision-making process, all of which is available to the decision-making node at runtime. In this article, we generalize previous results and present light-weight mechanisms through which consistency constraints can be enforced in proof systems in which the full details of a proof may be unavailable to the querier due to information release policies, and the existence of certificate authorities for certifying evidence is unlikely; these types of distributed proof systems are likely candidates for use in pervasive computing and sensor network environments. We present modifications to one such distributed proof system that enable three types of consistency constraints to be enforced while still respecting the same confidentiality and integrity policies as the original proof system. We then discuss how these techniques can be adapted and applied to other, less restrictive, distributed proof systems. Further, we detail a performance analysis that illustrates the modest overheads of our consistency enforcement schemes.
The impact of clinical trials on clinical practice

In the process of deciding whether to fund a clinical trial, the sponsor weighs the investment of dollars, effort, and time against the information the trial is likely to generate. Varying objectives are reflected in the trial design. For example, a new drug goes through several phases of development, from dose-response studies to large, randomized clinical trials. Industry-sponsored, large-scale trials are primarily designed to document an anticipated beneficial effect, while federal agencies or foundations may have a broader interest in determining whether an intervention effect is beneficial, indifferent, or even harmful. It is important to distinguish between these goals in any analysis of the impact of clinical trials on medical practice. Moreover, it should be recognized that clinical practice itself cannot be measured directly. Indirect measures such as number of patient visits by clinical diagnosis as well as drug prescriptions or sales can indicate the impact of clinical trials. Physician interviews can provide additional information in terms of knowledge, prescription habits, perceived effectiveness, and safety. However, this approach has drawbacks, including cost.
Nerve growth factor and p75NGFR factor receptor mRNA change in rodent CNS following stress activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.

The synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) by the hippocampus raises the possibility that NGF may play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). Subchronic cold stress has been shown to activate the HPAA in a mild noninvasive manner, to stimulate serum glucocorticoid levels, and to perturb NGF binding in hippocampus and basal forebrain. One or repeated episodes of cold stress increased NGF mRNA levels in the hippocampus and p75NGFR mRNA levels in the basal forebrain. These changes were not due to elevated serum glucocorticoid levels since treatment with exogenous corticosterone had no effect on NGF and p75NGFR mRNA levels. Adrenalectomy did not prevent the stress induced increases in NGF and p75NGFR mRNA. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TCP Boston: a fragmentation-tolerant TCP protocol for ATM networks

We propose a new transport protocol, TCP Boston, that turns the ATM's 53-byte cell-oriented switching architecture into an advantage for TCP/IP. At the core of TCP Boston is the adaptive information dispersal algorithm (AIDA), an efficient encoding technique that allows for dynamic redundancy control. AIDA makes the TCP/IP's performance less sensitive to cell losses, thus ensuring a graceful degradation of the TCP/IP's performance when faced with congested resources. We introduce AIDA and overview the main features of TCP Boston. We present detailed simulation results that show the superiority of our protocol when compared to other adaptations of TCP/IP over ATMs.
Regression testing of GUI event interactions

Graphics user interface (GUI) design is an expected part of almost every contemporary software or computer project, and yet the testing is usually approached in an ad hoc fashion. The reason GUI testing is different and difficult is that the input is interactive whereas the output may be graphical or may be an event. An especially serious problem occurs in maintenance where changes are made to the GUI interface, and the maintenance engineer does not have a sufficient understanding of how the GUI software was designed; in this case, an automated GUI testing method is needed. The paper identifies both static and dynamic event interactions in a GUI, and shows how automated regression tests can be generated to test these interactions. It is shown how Latin Squares can be used for this automated test design, where Latin Squares techniques are borrowed from statistical experimental design. Three methods are compared: brute force test generation, random test generation and the use of Latin Squares, comparing the number of tests required to cover specified GUI event interactions in each case.
Test for end connection integrity of metalized film capacitors

The wire arc metal sprayed end connections of metalized film capacitors limit their performance for high current discharge applications. We have developed a solid state discharge circuit with integrated current-induced partial discharge detector to evaluate the quality of end connections with a single high current discharge, and we have demonstrated a strong correlation between this test and winding discharge life. Such a test can be very useful to the industry, as if the quality of individual windings can be assured, a large capacitor made from many such windings will have greatly improved dis-charge performance and reliability.
Biliary and Urinary Metabolites of Estriol-15-3H-3-sulfate-35S in Women

ABSTRACT Estriol-15-3H-3-sulfate-35S was synthesized and its metabolism was studied in 3 patients. In each patient the bile was being drained via a T-tube in the common duct following cholecystectomy. Following infusion of the doubly labeled estrogen, the conjugates excreted in the bile and urine were analyzed and compared. Virtually all the 3H and two thirds of the 35S were excreted within 24 hr, mostly in the first 6 hr. Only 9% of the 3H and 1.5% of the 35S (averages of 2 studies) were excreted in the bile in 24 hr. In one study, the conjugates excreted the first 6 hr were identified. Estriol-3-sulfate (E3S) and estriol-16-glucosiduronate (E3-16G) each comprised only 3% of the 3H excreted in the bile. Estriol-3-sulfate-16-glucosiduronate (E3SG) contained 75% of the biliary 3H and was virtually devoid of 38S. The 35S/3H ratio in E3S excreted the first 2 hr in the bile was similar to that perfused but was one half less at 2–6 hr. The urine contained the same conjugates but in different relative amounts: ...
RAS mutation is associated with hyperdiploidy and parental characteristics in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

We explored the relationship of RAS gene mutations with epidemiologic and cytogenetic factors in a case series of children with leukemia. Diagnostic bone marrow samples from 191 incident leukemia cases from the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study were typed for NRAS and KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations. A total of 38 cases (20%) harbored RAS mutations. Among the 142 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases, RAS mutations were more common among Hispanic children (P=0.11) or children born to mothers 50 chromosomes) had the highest rates of RAS mutation (P=0.02). A multivariable model confirmed the significant associations between RAS mutation and both maternal age and hyperdiploidy. Interestingly, smoking of the father in the 3 months prior to pregnancy was reported less frequently among hyperdiploid leukemia patients than among those without hyperdiploidy (P=0.02). The data suggest that RAS and high hyperdiploidy may be cooperative genetic events to produce the leukemia subtype; and furthermore, that maternal age and paternal preconception smoking or other factors associated with these parameters are critical in the etiology of subtypes of childhood leukemia.
Dangers of two-point holonomic constraints for variational integrators

Variational integrators are powerful tools for simulating constrained mechanical systems as well as computing optimal control strategies. While there are well-established methods to incorporate holonomic constraints in variational integrators, there have also been alternative suggestions that have appealing benefits in terms of computational efficiency. We compare the standard holonomic constraints method with what are called two-point constraint methods. In this paper both methods are tested on two different, relatively simple systems. The results reveal multiple problems with the two-point constraints. They are found to be numerically unstable and to under some circumstances provide unreliable constraint force values. The conclusion is that two-point constraints are invalid and should not be used.
Multiple locations of peptides in the hydrocarbon core of gel-phase membranes revealed by peptide (13)C to lipid (2)H rotational-echo double-resonance solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.

Membrane locations of peptides and proteins are often critical to their functions. Solid-state rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) nuclear magnetic resonance is applied to probe the locations of two peptides via peptide 13CO to lipid 2H distance measurements. The peptides are KALP, an α-helical membrane-spanning peptide, and HFP, the β-sheet N-terminal fusion peptide of the HIV gp41 fusion protein that plays an important role in HIV–host cell membrane fusion. Both peptides are shown to have at least two distinct locations within the hydrocarbon core of gel-phase membranes. The multiple locations are attributed to snorkeling of lysine side chains for KALP and to the distribution of antiparallel β-sheet registries for HFP. The relative population of each location is also quantitated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clear experimental support of multiple peptide locations within the membrane hydrocarbon core. These data are for gel-phase membranes, but the approach should work for liquid...
Simulation based performance analysis of TCP variants for WiMAX mesh

WiMax, based on IEEE 802.16 standard, is last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL. WiMax supports point-to-multipoint and mesh mode operations. In mesh mode every Subscriber Station can directly communicate with its neighbors without the help of Base Station. Enhancing the capability of WiMAX Mesh network is an important issue. A proper adaptive modulation enables a WiMAX system to optimize the throughput based on propagation conditions. TCP is reliable transport layer protocol and is widely used. This paper presents a simulation based comparative performance analysis of the five tcp variants namely Fack, Newreno, Reno, Sack1 and Vegas by using different modulation schemes.
Anomalies in optimal rate-control and scheduling protocols for Cognitive Radio Networks

Protocols in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) tune the radio and network parameters to utilize the unused frequency spectrum, and thus improve the application performance. Generalized Network Utility Maximization (GNUM) approach has been used to derive optimal algorithms in CRN from a theoretical formulation of the problem. However, there are several practical challenges for realizing these algorithms in a networking system. In this paper, we consider a joint source-rate, routing and scheduling GNUM problem in CRNs. We discuss three issues of protocols that are derived directly from the optimal algorithms: spurious pressure points, bursty scheduling and the need for link pruning. We show that the above practical problems result in serious system implications such as large message passing overheads, packet delays and buffer requirements.
Moving Toward Equity in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Care

See related article, p 3243. In 2003, the Institute of Medicine published Unequal Treatment , a groundbreaking indictment of bias and discrimination in medical care in the United States.1 In addition to the copious data documenting race/ethnic health disparities and the deleterious effects of overt and perceived discrimination, the Institute of Medicine set forth several suggestions to remedy this unconscionable state of affairs. Among these were the use of quality measures and organized means to deliver high quality medical care to all patients regardless of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. In the United States, The Joint Commission’s certification of primary and comprehensive stroke centers seeks to promote this evidence-based approach to providing consistent, high quality medical care to all patients. In the present issue of Stroke , Xian et al2 use the remarkably comprehensive …
Glycoproteomics-Based Identification of Cancer Biomarkers

Protein glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in mammalian cells. It is involved in many biological pathways and molecular functions and is well suited for proteomics-based disease investigations. Aberrant protein glycosylation may be associated with disease processes. Specific glycoforms of glycoproteins may serve as potential biomarkers for the early detection of disease or as biomarkers for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. Recent technological developments, including lectin affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, have provided researchers the ability to obtain detailed information concerning protein glycosylation. These in-depth investigations, including profiling and quantifying glycoprotein expression, as well as comprehensive glycan structural analyses may provide important information leading to the development of disease-related biomarkers. This paper describes methodologies for the detection of cancer-related glycoprotein and glycan structural alterations and briefly summarizes several current cancer-related findings.
Conversion of CaO·Al2O3·10H2O to 3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O

The morphological changes accompanying the conversion of the hexagonal CaO·Al2O3·10H2O phase to the cubic 3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O phase were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The hydration and conversion reactions were monitored by X-ray diffraction analysis. From the micrographs, it was inferred that changes in the pore structure and the presence of large cubic crystals of questionable adhesive value were probably the principal factors responsible for the loss of strength in converted calcium aluminate cement pastes.
Yeast flocculation: a new perspective.

Publisher Summary Aggregation in microorganisms is an intermediary stage between single- and multicelled organisms. In yeasts, cell division is limited to formation of short chains of cells in chain-forming strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , or as pseudomycelial structures in some yeasts (species of Candida or Trichosporon ). This chapter examines a particular form of yeast aggregation– flocculation, usually ascribed to brewer's yeast. Flocculation is the property of certain yeast strains to adhere into clumps, dispersible by EDTA or specific sugars, and the subsequent removal of these clumps from the medium. Yeast flocculation is associated with brewing strains of Sacch. cerevisiae and Sacch. carlsbergensis . The mechanisms that give rise to clumps of yeast cells are formation of mating aggregates, chain formation, and flocculation. Flocculation is influenced by surface charge, but it is not a colloidal precipitation phenomenon. Flocculation is an intrinsic property of the cell wall. Isolated walls retain the ability to flocculate in a calcium ion-dependent manner. Flocculation requires the presence of surface proteins and mannan receptors. If these are not available, or masked, blocked or inhibited or denatured, flocculation cannot occur. Fermentable sugars, including maltose, mannose, sucrose, and glucose inhibit flocculation. Flocculation involves the use of gene products for protein secretion and wall location. It is thus possible that flocculation either is the accidental result of viral gene expression, or perhaps may be a deliberate mechanism of viral transfer and or infection.
Induction and repair of double- and single-strand DNA breaks in bacteriophage lambda superinfecting Escherichia coli.

SummaryInduction and repair of double- and single-strand DNA breaks have been measured after decays of 125I and 3H incorporated into the DNA and after external irradiation with 4 MeV electrons.For the decay experiments, cells of wild type Escherichia coli K-12 were superinfected with bacteriophage λ DNA labelled with 5′-(125I)iodo-2′-deoxyuridine or with (methyl-3H)thymidine and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Aliquots were thawed at intervals and lysed at neutral pH, and the phage DNA was assayed for double- and single-strand breakage by neutral sucrose gradient centrifugation. The gradients used allowed measurements of both kinds of breaks in the same gradient.Decays of 125I induced 0·39 single-strand breaks per double-strand break. No repair of either break type could be detected. Each 3H disintegration caused 0·20 single-strand breaks and very few double-strand breaks. The single-strand breaks were rapidly rejoined after the cells were thawed.For irradiation with 4 MeV electrons, cells of wild type E. coli...
New Capitalism in Turkey: The Relationship Between Politics, Religion and Business, by Ayşe Buğra and Osman Savaşkan

Recently, a growing number of critics both inside and outside Turkey have been pointing to the dangers arising from President Erdogan's increasingly authoritarian rule, Islamist cultural policies, ...
Digital Technology and the Contemporary University: Degrees of Digitization by Neil Selwyn

These are anxious times in higher education. It is easy to find a host of publications contending universities and colleges are in crisis or on the verge of significant change: books such as Mark T...
Already/Not Yet: Eschatological Tension in the Book of Tobit

The book of Tobit presents eschatological hope as paramount to life in Diaspora. As the title character nears his death, Tobit reasserts the prophets’ expectations that God will return Israel from exile. Yet in both the characters’ and the reader’s experience of the story, there is tension between these as-yet-unrealized hopes for the future and God’s present activity in fulfilling these expectations. Thus, I argue, the book of Tobit does not merely echo prophetic hopes for the future. The narrative modifies prophetic eschatology by holding future expectation in tension with the notion of present fulfillment. This tension between the “already” and the “not yet” reveals what is distinctive about the narrative’s eschatological vision and is the proper lens through which to understand Tobit’s primary theological and ethical agenda in its third- or second-century b.c.e . historical context. The narrative’s answer to the apparent problem that the prophets’ hopes have not been realized is that these expectations have already begun to be fulfilled.
Deep Borehole Emplacement Mode Hazard Analysis Revision 0

This letter report outlines a methodology and provides resource information for the Deep Borehole Emplacement Mode Hazard Analysis (DBEMHA). The main purpose is identify the accident hazards and accident event sequences associated with the two emplacement mode options (wireline or drillstring), to outline a methodology for computing accident probabilities and frequencies, and to point to available databases on the nature and frequency of accidents typically associated with standard borehole drilling and nuclear handling operations. Risk mitigation and prevention measures, which have been incorporated into the two emplacement designs (see Cochran and Hardin 2015), are also discussed. A key intent of this report is to provide background information to brief subject matter experts involved in the Emplacement Mode Design Study. [Note: Revision 0 of this report is concentrated more on the wireline emplacement mode. It is expected that Revision 1 will contain further development of the preliminary fault and event trees for the drill string emplacement mode.]
Heteroepitaxy of Si and Ge on CaF2/Si (111)

Si and Ge layers have been grown on CaF2/Si (111) by molecular beau epitaxy (MBE). The use of thin room-tempe rature predeposits [1] with Ge epitaxy has been found to improve the growth. Studies of the initial stages of Ge epitaxy indicate that island growth occurs, and evidence also indicates island formation occurs in the Si case as well. A qualitative model is presented which explains many of the features observed in these systems and suggests reasons for the superior growth of Ge compared to Si. Finally, use of a GexSi1−x/Si superlattice is shown to improve Si epitaxy.
Bilateral pansinus mucocele with bilateral orbital and intracranial extension.

Bilateral mucocele formation in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses with intraorbital and intracranial extension is described. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles are reviewed.
The Symbolic Working Memory: memory accommodations for schematic processing of symbolic information.

This paper describes an evolutionarily plausible description of of a specialized working memory system involved in information management for high-order cognitive tasks through its capability for controlled maintenance and schematic access to symbolic representations. Along a volatile serially accessible symbolic storage that serves a basic maintenance function the system utilizes other accessory volatile memory systems along long-term memory (LTM) and learning systems for execution of schematic access to its content. Accessory systems can help encode the episodic information including the current state of the task and more importantly provide a means for address-based access to the content of symbolic storage. LTM and learning systems help map the current state of the task onto execution programs and thus help render schematic access and process of the retained symbolic information. Implications of this feature of the model are examined for the case if concurrent-counting task.
Initial Surface Reactions of TiO2 Atomic Layer Deposition onto SiO2 Surfaces: Density Functional Theory Calculations

We present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the initial surface reactions of TiO2 deposition onto a SiO2 substrate using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The precursors for the deposition process were chosen to be TiCl4 and H2O, and several cluster models were used for the SiO2 substrate. We predict the activation barriers, transition states, and reaction pathways of the surface reactions, and we investigate the effect of surface heterogeneity (such as the presence of siloxane bridges) on the reactivity of the SiO2 surface. Our study suggests that the concentration and arrangement of different reactive groups on the substrate will strongly dictate the process of film growth during ALD, including the film morphology and the growth rate.
AUTONOMOUS PERTURBATIONS OF SOME HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS, ALL OF WHOSE SOLUTIONS ARE PERIODIC

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the autonomous perturbations of some Hamiltonian systems, all of whose solutions are periodic. Manyingenious methods have been devised for the determination of periodic solutions of autonomous Hamiltonian systems. Among such methods are fixed point theory, various implicit function theorems, and majorant method. There is one classical method, namely the calculus of variations or infinite dimensional critical point theory in modern terminology.
Anonymizing Query Logs by Differential Privacy

Query logs are valuable resources for Information Retrieval (IR) research. However, because they are also rich in private and personal information, the huge concern of leaking user privacy prevents query logs from being shared from the search companies to the broad research community. Bothered by the lack of good research data for years, the authors of this paper are motivated to explore ways to generate anonymized query logs that can still be effectively used to support the search task. We introduce a framework to anonymize query logs by differential privacy, the latest development in privacy research. The framework is empirically evaluated against multiple search algorithms on their retrieval utility, measured in standard IR evaluation metrics, using the anonymized logs. The experiments show that our framework is able to achieve a good balance between retrieval utility and privacy.
Long-Term Hepatotoxicity of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization as Treatment of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor to the Liver.

Abstract Purpose To determine long-term hepatotoxicity of yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) radioembolization in patients treated for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (mNET) and evaluate if imaging and laboratory findings of cirrhosis-like morphology are associated with clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods Retrospective review from 2003 to 2016 was performed for patients with mNET treated with 90 Y glass microspheres. Fifty-four patients with > 2 year follow-up were stratified into unilobar (n = 15) vs whole-liver (n = 39) treatment. The most common primary mNET sites were small bowel (19 of 54), pancreas (19 of 54), and unknown (8 of 54). Preradioembolization imaging and laboratory findings were compared with most recent follow-up for indications of worsening portal hypertension and decline in hepatic function. Results Among patients who underwent unilobar radioembolization, imaging follow-up at a mean of 4.1 years (range, 2.0–15.2 y) revealed cirrhosis-like morphology in 26.7% (4 of 15), ascites in 13.3% (2 of 15), varices in 6.7% (1 of 15), and a 21.9% increase in splenic volume. The respective incidences in patients treated with whole-liver 90 Y radioembolization were 56.4% (22 of 39), 41.0% (16 of 39), and 15.4% (6 of 39), with a 64.7% increase in splenic volume. Patients treated with whole-liver radioembolization exhibited significantly decreased platelet counts ( P = .023) and lower albumin levels ( P = .0002). Eight patients (20.5%) treated with whole-liver radioembolization who exhibited cirrhosis-like morphology showed clinical signs of hepatic decompensation; only 2 of 39 patients (5.1%) had no other causes of hepatotoxicity. Conclusions Whole-liver 90 Y radioembolization for patients with mNET results in long-term imaging findings of cirrhosis-like morphology and portal hypertension in > 50% of treated patients, but the majority remain clinically asymptomatic. Long-term hepatotoxicity solely attributable to 90 Y develops in a small percentage of patients.
Almost “Nothing New Under the Sun”: American politics and the election of Donald Trump:

Donald Trump’s surprising 2016 election as President of the United States was unusual both in the set of states he won and in clearly winning the electoral vote while decisively losing the popular ...
Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy with Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy

Hysterectomy is commonly performed at the time of uterovaginal prolapse repair. While uterine-sparing procedures have been introduced, hysterectomy is likely to remain a mainstay in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, based mainly on the assertion that retaining the uterus increases the risk of recurrent prolapse. This belief commonly held by pelvic reconstructive surgeons still remains largely theoretical, but this chapter will address the growing evidence to support hysterectomy.
Exotic nanophotonic states for enhanced active photonic devices

Nanophotonic systems can support a wide variety of states of unusual properties. I will describe how some such states discovered recently could be useful for a variety of enhanced active photonic devices.
Serving those who served: evaluation of evidenced-based veteran programs at community colleges

ABSTRACTThe research and practice surrounding student service members/veterans has evolved over several decades. With a regeneration of veteran students’ enrollment, a need for increased attention to this special student population continues to be an institutional priority, especially for community colleges. The literature suggests that while greater attention has been paid to serving those that have served, there is little to support whether or not such efforts are considered evidenced-based. This discussion asserts that community colleges are ripe with examples of evidenced-based programming for student service members and student veterans.
Philosophy, Epidemiology, and Cerebral Palsy Causation

In this chapter, I explore ideas from current philosophy of science in the context of cerebral palsy causation. Russo and Williamson suggest that causal claims in the health sciences require both difference-making (statistical) and mechanistic evidence. A recent account offered by Mumford and Anjum conceives of causation as the predisposition toward an effect. I review multiple aspects of this theory that would fit very well with our current concept of cerebral palsy causation. Dupre’s theory of biological causation as a biological process is well aligned with the etiological model of causative factors that initiate the pathogenetic mechanism that culminates in clinical disease. Finally, I suggest to integrate the traditional epidemiological list of causal considerations provided by Hill in 1965 with Poston’s recent explanatory coherentist theory.
Minimal effect of stacking number on intrinsic cleavage and shear behavior of Ti n +1 AlC n and Ta n +1 AlC n MAX phases

MAX phases are layered carbides or nitrides with the general formula Mn+1AXn, which exhibit a unique combination of ceramic- and metal-like properties. The effect of stacking a number (determined by n) remains to be elucidated and a priori is not clear whether, for a given chemistry, n significantly changes the intrinsic deformation behavior of these systems. In this work, we have studied the intrinsic deformation behavior of Tin+1AlCn and Tan+1AlCn (n = 1 … 5) using DFT-based calculations. Surprisingly, the results suggest that the stacking number tends to have a minimal effect on the intrinsic mechanical behavior of the systems studied.
Die Gattung Stereocaulon Lichenes, Stereocaulaceae (Flechten des Himalaya 3)

Die nachfolgend aufgefuhrten Proben wurden von Prof. Dr. J. Poelt wahrend seiner Expedition im Rahmen des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya im Jahre 1962 im weiteren Khumbu-Gebiet gesammelt. Das Material ist in der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen niedergelegt.
Ingested Type I Interferon in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which has been postulated to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease (1,2). Although the etiology of MS is unknown, most investigators believe that the immune system is intimately involved in the progression of the disease (3). MS is clinically associated with periods of disability (relapse) alternating with periods of recovery (4) but often leading to progressive neurological disability (2,5). The lesions in the CNS are similar to the lesions produced by T-lymphocyte delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions.
A systematic review of trial-level meta-analyses measuring the strength of association between surrogate end-points and overall survival in oncology

Abstract Background Surrogates are frequently used in cancer medicine as the end-point of clinical trials and as the basis of United States Food and Drug Administration approvals, but they do not always represent outcomes that are important for patients. We aim to build upon previous umbrella reviews of surrogate validation studies by identifying and examining all meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials that evaluate the strength of correlation between overall survival (OS) and surrogate markers. Methods Google Scholar and PubMed were searched by two independent reviewers for all eligible meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials examining the correlation between a surrogate end-point and OS in medical oncology. Included studies were trial-level (level-1) meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials in cancer. Data abstracted include date of publication, tumour type, setting, trial set, number of studies included in the analysis, dates of included publications, correlation coefficients and method to determine the correlation coefficient. Results Seventy-eight articles met the inclusion criteria and reported correlations in 89 settings. Eleven (12%) of these validation studies found only high correlation(s), while nine (10%) settings showed a moderate-only correlation. Thirty-four (38%) reported only low correlation(s). Thirty-five (39%) reported correlations of different strengths, depending on surrogate marker used and test of correlation. Conclusions In this large, umbrella analysis of surrogate validation studies, we found most surrogates in oncology had low or modest correlation with OS, which suggests that caution should be used when making conclusions based on surrogate markers.
Calcium sensing receptor in developing human airway smooth muscle

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) regulation of airway structure and contractility is critical in fetal/neonatal physiology in health and disease. Fetal lungs experience higher Ca2+ environment that may impact extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]o ) sensing receptor (CaSR). Well-known in the parathyroid gland, CaSR is also expressed in late embryonic lung mesenchyme. Using cells from 18-22 week human fetal lungs, we tested the hypothesis that CaSR regulates intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) in fetal ASM (fASM). Compared with adult ASM, CaSR expression was higher in fASM, while fluorescence Ca2+ imaging showed that [Ca2+ ]i was more sensitive to altered [Ca2+ ]o . The fASM [Ca2+ ]i responses to histamine were also more sensitive to [Ca2+ ]o (0-2 mM) compared with an adult, enhanced by calcimimetic R568 but blunted by calcilytic NPS2143. [Ca2+ ]i was enhanced by endogenous CaSR agonist spermine (again higher sensitivity compared with adult). Inhibition of phospholipase C (U73122; siRNA) or inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (Xestospongin C) blunted [Ca2+ ]o sensitivity and R568 effects. NPS2143 potentiated U73122 effects. Store-operated Ca2+ entry was potentiated by R568. Traction force microscopy showed responsiveness of fASM cellular contractility to [Ca2+ ]o and NPS2143. Separately, fASM proliferation showed sensitivity to [Ca2+ ]o and NPS2143. These results demonstrate functional CaSR in developing ASM that modulates airway contractility and proliferation.
Deflection predictions of involute-shaped fuel plates using a fully-coupled numerical approach

Abstract This paper describes the modeling and simulation of fluid structure interactions (FSI) of involute-shaped fuel plates used in nuclear research reactors. We believe this to be the first time that this type of application is described in the literature using a fully-coupled, and monolithic, finite element approach. The simulations are validated against plate deflection data for the conceptual design of the Advanced Neutron Source Reactor (ANSR), which was envisioned to be the world’s most powerful nuclear research reactor for neutron scattering and other applications, but was ultimately never completed. The high performance of the ANSR creates a bounding envelope for involute-shaped research reactors such as that used in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) which is undergoing research for the conversion from highly-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. As such, the findings from the present FSI analyses carried out herein for the ANSR plates provide good guidelines and inform designers what should be expected for the next generation of plates in the HFIR. It is shown herein that the current approach can accurately capture the leading-edge deflections of the involute-shaped plates and simulations can predict the ‘S-shaped’ deflection of the first mode instilling confidence in the methodology.