cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone and Not Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is a Critical Mediator of Early Angiotensin II/NG-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Myocardial Injury

Background— Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases levels of aldosterone and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Both aldosterone and PAI-1 seem to promote cardiovascular (CV) injury. Our objective was to determine the roles of PAI-1 and aldosterone in the development of myocardial and renal damage in a model with high Ang II and low nitric oxide (NO) availability, a pattern seen in patients with heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and arteriosclerosis. Methods and Results— Mice on a moderately high sodium diet were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 14 days plus Ang II during days 8 through 14. The roles of aldosterone and PAI-1 in the development of CV injury were assessed using the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (0, 1.5, 15, and 50 mg · 100 g−1 · day−1) and PAI-1-deficient mice (PAI-1−/−). Ang II/L-NAME-treated mice showed glomerular ischemia, proteinuria, and necrosis of myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells with an associated...
Backpropagation of pseudo-errors: neural networks that are adaptive to heterogeneous noise

Neural networks are used for prediction model in many applications. The backpropagation algorithm used in most cases corresponds to a statistical nonlinear regression model assuming the constant noise level. Many proposed prediction intervals in the literature so far also assume the constant noise level. There are no prediction intervals in the literature that are accurate under varying noise level and skewed noises. We propose prediction intervals that can automatically adjust to varying noise levels by applying the regression transformation model of Carroll and Rupert (1988). The parameter estimation under the transformation model with power transformations is shown to be equivalent to the backpropagation of pseudo-errors. This new backpropagation algorithm preserves the ability of online training for neural networks.
Targeted Rearrangement of Floxed Alleles in Smooth Muscle Cells in Vivo

To the Editor: In their biologically and technically important article “Development of a Smooth Muscle-targeted Cre Recombinase Mouse Reveals Novel Insights Regarding Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Promoter Regulation”,1 Regan et al reported generation of mice that express cre recombinase from a fragment of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) promoter. The biological importance of this article was that it provided strong evidence of either temporally or spatially restricted expression of the SMMHC promoter in smooth muscle cells in vivo. The paper also had two important technical aspects. First, it demonstrated that expression of a SMMHC promoter-cre construct in cre-indicator mice was a more sensitive means of detecting promoter activity than a construct in which the SMMHC promoter expressed lacZ. Second, the SMMHC-cre mice themselves were said to “provide a powerful tool to researchers to study gene function in vascular development/disease by using cre/lox technology to direct smooth-muscle-specific gene activation or inactivation.” Although the SMMHC-cre mice reported by Regan et al have been used by one group for gene activation,2,3 we—as well as other groups that shared their results with us4 …
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is commonly encountered in audiologic and otolaryngologic practice. SSNHL is most commonly defined as sensorineural hearing loss of 30dB or greater over at least three contiguous audiometric frequencies occurring within a 72-hr period. Although the differential for SSNHL is vast, for the majority of patients an etiologic factor is not identified. Treatment for SSNHL of known etiology is directed toward that agent, with poor hearing outcomes characteristic for discoverable etiologies that cause inner ear hair cell loss. Steroid therapy is the current mainstay of treatment of idiopathic SSNHL in the United States. The prognosis for hearing recovery for idiopathic SSNHL is dependent on a number of factors including the severity of hearing loss, age, presence of vertigo, and shape of the audiogram.
Cardinal invariants on Boolean algebras

This book is concerned with cardinal number valued functions defined for any Boolean algebra. Examples of such functions are independence, which assigns to each Boolean algebra the supremum of the cardinalities of its free subalgebras, and cellularity, which gives the supremum of cardinalities of sets of pairwise disjoint elements. Twenty-one such functions are studied in detail, and many more in passing. The questions considered are the behaviour of these functions under algebraic operations such as products, free products, ultraproducts, and their relationships to one another. Assuming familiarity with only the basics of Boolean algebras and set theory, through to simple infinite combinatorics and forcing, the book reviews current knowledge about these functions, giving complete proofs for most facts. A special feature of the book is the attention given to open problems, of which 97 are formulated. Based on Cardinal Functions on Boolean Algebras (1990) by the same author, the present work is nearly twice the size of the original work. It contains solutions to many of the open problems which are discussed in greater detail than before. Among the new topics considered are ultraproducts and FedorchukA-s theorem, and there is a more complete treatment of the cellularity of free products. Diagrams at the end of the book summarize the relationships between the functions for many important classes of Boolean algebras, including tree algebras and superatomic algebras. Review: "This book is an indispensable tool for anyone working in Boolean algebra, and is also recommended for set-theoretic topologists." - Zentralblatt MATH
Genomic science provides new insights into the biology of forest trees

Forest biology is undergoing a fundamental change fostered by the application of genomic science to longstanding questions surrounding the evolution, adaptive traits, development, and environmental interactions of tree species. Genomic science has made major technical leaps in recent years, most notably with the advent of 'next generation sequencing' but translating these technical advances into new biological insights can be challenging, especially in long-lived perennial forest trees. In a meeting of 80 delegates from around the world, the 35th New Phytologist Symposium co-organized by Andrew Groover (US Forest Service and University of California Davis, USA) and William Friedman (Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA) showcased examples of both technical feats such as the sequencing of massive conifer genomes as well as important new insights into the biology of trees. Excitingly, genomics-based research is being extended beyond the handful of traditional model forest tree species, to encompass the amazing diversity of species we call trees. Additionally, delegates participated in discussion groups, which were challenged with questions concerning the scientific advancement of forest biology research as well as questions surrounding practical issues ranging from funding to career advancement for young researchers in this field. Here, highlights are presented both from the scientific presentations, as well as opinions shared by delegates regarding the needs and opportunities facing the forest biology community.
Multipath return for radar targets over a rough surface

A scattering formulation is described here which can be used to understand and predict the electromagnetic scattering from a target positioned over a (potentially) rough interface. It has application to the evaluation of radar performance in the presence of multipath
On Bit-Rate Selection for Opportunistic Routing

Opportunistic routing (OR) schemes, such as ExOR, have been shown to provide significant throughput gains over traditional best-path routing schemes for wireless networks. Though the performance of OR schemes depend on the bit-rate, they currently use a fixed rate for transmitting packets. While several schemes have been proposed for selecting bit-rate for unicast transmission to a single receiver, none of them are suitable for broadcast transmission to multiple receivers under OR. This paper attempts to maximize the benefits of OR with dynamic bit-rate selection. We first define a new metric, expected anypath communication time (ExACT), that captures the time to deliver a packet to destination with a given rate at each hop under OR. We then propose bit-rate selection for opportunistic routing (BitSOR) algorithm that minimizes ExACT for each pair of nodes in the network. We evaluate the performance of BitSOR using MIT Roofnet trace and demonstrate significant potential improvement with dynamic rate over OR with the best fixed rate.
An Analysis of the Impact of Federated Search Products on Library Instruction Using the ACRL Standards

Federated search products are becoming more and more prevalent in academic libraries. What are the implications of this phenomenon for instruction librarians? An analysis of federated search products using the "Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education" and a thorough review of the literature offer insight concerning whether these tools will have an impact on student information literacy and, in turn, what we emphasize in the classroom.
Channel interaction and threshold behavior of photoionization

Channel interaction is shown to have a substantial effect of "spectral repulsion" that distorts the photoionization spectrum near the threshold of a weak channel. This effect is illustrated by calculating numerically the cross section of the $3s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\epsilon}p$ transition of Ar, taking into account its coupling with the $3p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\epsilon}d$ transition. The result is very different from that obtained by an independent-particle approximation. Examples calculated by other authors on He, Ne, and Xe serve as additional illustrations.
Problem-Based Service Learning: The Evolution of a Team Project

In this article, I describe the evolution of a problem-based service learning project in an undergraduate Abnormal Psychology course. Students worked in teams on a semester-long project to locate and evaluate information and treatment for specific psychiatric disorders. As part of the project, each team selected relevant bibliographic materials, made site visits to area treatment facilities, and prepared resource materials for people in the community seeking information on psychiatric disorders. I modified the process but not the content of the project over 4 semesters. Student evaluations improved significantly after I implemented students' suggested changes.
Ethnic Identity Among Mixed‐Heritage People In Hawaii

In this study, intensive interviews were used to explore the identity of a sample of mixed-heritage Hawaiin college students from a variety of ethnic groups. The great majority of respondents listed at least one multipleheritage identity (e.g., Chinese-Japanese). While cultural exposure and ethnic identity were strongly associated, cultural exposure is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for ethnic identity to occur. Differences in perceptions of ethnic identity between respondents with stable and situtionally changing identities were discussed. The conceptions of identity proposed by processual and structural symbolic interactionists both received some support in these data.
Characteristics of alumni donors who volunteer at their alma mater

In the competitive marketplace of higher education, colleges and university leaders increasingly rely on the influence and service of their alumni to further institutional goals. Because of their demonstrated financial commitment to the institution, alumni donors are often enlisted to serve important roles as volunteers and political advocates. Using binomial logistic regression, this study examines a large sample of alumni donors from a large doctoral/research extensive university to predict donors who are most likely volunteer at the institution (via advisory board service, political advocacy, alumni club support). The study suggests that volunteering among alumni donors is predicted by capacity variables related to gender, residence, and overall civic engagement. Inclination to volunteer is associated with the quality of academic experience while an undergraduate student, beliefs about alumni volunteer roles, and number of degrees earned at the institution.
Granular cell schwannoma of the hand

Two cases of granular cell schwannoma of the hand and a review of literature are presented. Local excision of this tumor seems to be curative.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the dynamics of eastern U.S. forests: Implications for developing broad-scale forest dynamics models

a b s t r a c t Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity is known to play an important role in the dynam- ics of populations and communities. However, the implications of this heterogeneity for developing and testing regional- to global-scale forest dynamics models are largely unexplored. Predictions from forest dynamics models are typically compared to chronosequences assembled from forest inventory data using the space-for-time substitution approach, which assumes that different-aged stands across space have followed (and will follow) the same dynamics. Often, this assumption is invalid in the pres- ence of spatial and/or temporal heterogeneity. We used the perfect plasticity approximation (PPA) forest dynamics model, parameterized with forest inventory data for > 10 forest types in the eastern U.S., to diagnose spatial and temporal heterogeneity in forest dynamics, and to explore how this heterogeneity can affect comparisons between predicted dynamics and chronosequence observations. Our results pro- vided evidence that spatial and temporal heterogeneity are widespread in eastern U.S. forests. Temporal heterogeneity was apparent because species whose observed abundances have increased over recent decades tended to be the same species for which predicted abundance (derived from individual-level growth and mortality rates estimated from the recent decades of inventory data) were greater than observed abundance. Spatial heterogeneity was apparent because species had more competitive param- eter estimates (higher growth and/or lower mortality) on inventory plots where they are most abundant, relative to other plots in the same forest type. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity both contributed to mismatches between predicted dynamics and chronosequence observations. Predictions of canopy struc- ture (proportion of individuals in the upper canopy vs. the understory) were well-matched to inventory data, suggesting that the PPA's simple space-filling algorithm was not an important source of error in predicting forest dynamics.
The Approximation with Rational Functions of Prescribed Magnitude and Phase Characteristics

A successive-approximations method is applied to the selection of network functions having desired magnitude and phase variation with frequency. The first approxination, the first set of pole and zero locations, can be selected on the basis of known solutions to similar problems or through use of a set of curves. In succeeding approximations the pole and zero locations are adjusted to decrease the deviation of the earlier approximations from the desired characteristics. The process adjusts the magnitude and phase characteristics simultaneously. Its flexibility permits accommodation of practical constraints not possible with other methods.
Aggression, suicidality, and intermittent explosive disorder: serotonergic correlates in personality disorder and healthy control subjects

Central serotonergic (5-HT) activity has long been implicated in the regulation of impulsive aggressive behavior. This study was performed to use a highly selective agent for 5-HT (d-Fenfluramine, d-FEN) in a large group of human subjects to further explore this relationship dimensionally and categorically. One hundred and fifty healthy subjects (100 with personality disorder, PD and 50 healthy volunteer controls, HV) underwent d-FEN challenge studies. Residual peak delta prolactin (ΔPRL[d-FEN]-R; ie, after the removal of potentially confounding variables) was used as the primary 5-HT response variable. Composite measures of aggression and impulsivity were used as dimensional measures, and history of suicidal/self-injurious behavior as well as the presence of intermittent explosive disorder (IED) were used as categorical variables. ΔPRL[d-FEN]-R responses correlated inversely with composite aggression, but not composite impulsivity, in all subjects and in males and females examined separately. The correlation with composite aggression was strongest in male PD subjects. ΔPRL[d-FEN]-R values were reduced in PD subjects with a history of suicidal behavior but not, self-injurious behavior. ΔPRL[d-FEN]-R values were also reduced in patients meeting Research Criteria for IED. Physiologic responses to 5-HT stimulation are reduced as a function of aggression (but not generalized impulsivity) in human subjects. The same is true for personality disordered subjects with a history of suicidal, but not self-injurious, behavior and for subjects with a diagnosis of IED by research criteria. These data have particular relevance to the notion of impulsive aggression and the biological validity of IED.
Cocaine Use among the College Age Group: Biological and Psychological Effects--Clinical and Laboratory Research Findings.

Abstract Though cocaine has been used by man for centuries for both medical and nonmedical reasons, a knowledge of its effect on the human mind and body remains limited and not yet clearly documented. Sources of information consist of myth, street knowledge, animal studies, and clinical and laboratory studies of man. This paper focuses on findings from the latter two sources. The biological effects of cocaine include the local effects of producing anesthesia and constriction of blood vessels in areas where it is applied topically. Solutions of the drug applied directly to the eye cause the pupils to dilate. Systemic effects include an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. In some individuals, an increase in alertness occurs, and in others a state of drowsiness. The drug also decreases total sleep, REM sleep, and appetite. The psychological effects of the drug vary with dosage, chronicity, and a host of other variables. Increasing doses over long periods of time appear to cause increasingly severe imp...
Economic Experts vs. Average Americans

In 2012 the National Public Radio program Planet Money created a fake presidential platform based on the issues a small sample of economists, with different political views, agreed upon. In focus groups this platform found no support among the public at large. Is this just a feature of the particular selection made by NPR or is it a generalizable feature? If so, is this because ordinary people have not being trained in economics or because economists lack common sense or miss important political considerations?In this article we try to address these questions. To do so we compare the answers to a common set of policy questions provided by the Economic Expert Panel at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business (EEP) with those provided by the Chicago Booth/Kellogg School Financial Trust Index (FTI), which quarterly interviews a representative sample of the U.S. population. Economists’ opinions differ greatly from those of other ordinary Americans: On average the percentage of agreement with a statement differs 35 percentage points between the two groups. This difference does not seem to be driven by a different composition of the sample.We also find a large variation in the difference between the two samples across questions. The topics most covered in the economic literature, where economists agree among themselves the most, are also the topics in which their opinions are most distant from those of average Americans. This difference does not seem to be driven by knowledge, since informing people of the expert opinions does not have much impact on the responses of ordinary Americans. The explanation most consistent with our limited evidence is that people do not trust many of the implicit assumptions embedded into the economists’ answers and that economists give them for granted.
Ca2+ influx mediates enhanced α2-adrenergic contraction in aortas from rats treated with NOS inhibitor

Previously, we reported that aortic segments from rats made hypertensive with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitorN ω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) exhibit enhanced contractile sensitivity to both α2-adr...
Detection of base pair charges during DNA extension with Si nanowire FETs towards DNA sequencing

Designed DNA templates were anchored onto the surface of Si nanowire (SiNW) FETs. Then base pair (BP) extension reactions were performed on the DNA templates. The charges of newly formed BPs induced shifts of device Id-Vg curves. Vg shifts linearly with the number of BPs with a strong signal of ∼10 mV/BP, indicating a great potential for DNA sequencing by detecting intrinsic charges of DNA backbones.
Psychiatric reactions to wartime stress as seen in members of the armed services, referred to a private mental hospital.

1. The case records of the 64 veterans of World War II admitted to the New York Hospital-Westchester Division prior to January 1, 1946, have been studied. 2. The prevalence of a predisposing heredity, previous episodes, and childhood or adolescent neurotic traits was considered an evidence of vulnerability under the disorganizing stress of military service. 3. The influence of prior or concomitant factors present in the civilian environment was important. 4. The difficulties of more careful screening by the examining selective service boards were recognized. 5. The symptom-complexes observed were not essentially difrent from those observed in peace-time.
Does Advertising Belong in the Capital Budget

Whether advertising is an investment and so should be treated like other parts of the capital budget is a question of moment to marketing managers. Viewing promotion as an investment could bring dr...
Optimum Diet and Body Size in Backswimmers (Heteroptera: Notonectidae, Pleidae)

Relations between predator and prey sizes and profitability of the prey to the predator were analyzed for cost-benefit in the backswimmers Notonecta lunata Hungerford, N. undulata Say, N. irrorata Uhler, N. insulata Kirby (Notonectidae) and the pigmy backswimmer Neoplea striola (Fieber) (Pleidae). As costs of pursuing prey are often great (i.e., subjecting predator to predation), the probability of prey capture (p) was incorporated multiplicatively in a cost-benefit function. Attack distances of Notonecta spp. increased with prey size and decreased with predator size; attacks by Neoplea were the same length on all prey sizes. In both genera, handling time and the amount of a prey item eaten depended on both predator and prey size. Pursuit costs of time and energy appear too low to affect the profitability of prey. Generally, larger predators obtained less profit from prey. The profitability of prey appeared normally distributed with reference to prey size in N. lunata, N. undulata, and N. irrorata, but generally remained constant in N. insulata and Neoplea striola. Prey density did not affect the sizes in the diet of Neoplea but starvation increased the proportion of large prey eaten. This tendency poorly fits an hypothesis of diet optimization. Prey-sizes selected by Notonecta spp. reveal little or no diet optimization. Alternatives to diet optimization are examined.
PERFORMING MANHOOD: GLAHN AND THE MASCULINITY CRISIS IN HAMSUN'S PAN

In Hamsun’s novel Pan , Lieutenant Glahn holds an essentialist notion of masculinity that is somewhat outdated in the context of emerging Norwegian modernity. His acts of violence, which are performative of his male pride, not only bring harm to others, but also become destructive to himself. The masculinity crisis enacted in Pan is put into the context of the social, historical, and cultural changes related to gender and modernity that occurred during the end of the 19 th century in Norway and beyond.
Biological Half-Life of Endogenous ACTH.

SummaryThe biological half-life of endogenous ACTH in blood of the adrenalectomized rat is approximately one minute (0.95 and 1.25 minutes for 2 experiments). No appreciable loss of biological activity occurs when adrenalectomized rat blood is incubated in vitro for one minute at 37°C. The rapid disappearance of ACTH from the blood of the adrenalectomized rat one minute after removal of the adenohypophysis cannot be attributed to inactivation of the hormone by blood itself.
Multivesicular bodies isolated from rat hepatocytes. Cytochemical evidence for transformation into secondary lysosomes by fusion with primary lysosomes.

Plama lipoproteins (and other ligands) are endocytosed by hepatocytes and appear in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the Golgi-lysosome region of the cell prior to their degradation. We have isolated MVB fractions from livers of estradiol-treated rats, permitting studies of their properties (Hornick et al. 1985). Here we report our cytochemical studies of lysosomal enzyme activity in partially and highly purified MVB fractions and in MVBs in hepatocytes in situ. Only about 15% of partially or highly purified MVBs were positive for acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase, consistent with the prelysosomal nature of this compartment. Partially purified MVB fractions contained small round vesicles, 70–120 nm in diameter, which, stained intensely for these enzymes; occasionally these vesicles appeared to fuse with MVBs, suggesting that these structures are primary lysosomes. Such stained vesicles were rarely seen in highly purified MVB preparations. Acid phosphatase reaction product with cerium as capture reagent appeared as uniform precipitates surrounding endocytosed plasma lipoproteins in positively stained MVBs. Arylsulfatase reaction product, however, appeared as distinctive are or plaque-like deposits just inside the MVB-limiting membrane, often in continuity with intense reaction product contained in a fusing primary lysosome. Similar putative primary lysosomes were occasionally observed in isolated, “intact” Golgi fractions from the same livers. Similar histochemical reactivities of MVBs and putative primary lysosomes were observed in thin sections of hepatoyctes in situ. These observations support the conclusion that, in hepatocytes, MVBs represent the immediate prelysosomal compartment in the endocytic pathway of macromolecular catabolism, and suggest that MVBs are converted to secondary lysosomes by direct fusion with primary lysosomes arising from closely adjacent Golgi compartment.
Abstract 1970: Inhibition of BRAF-V600E increases melanocyte antigen expression and antigen-specific recognition in melanoma without altering T cell function

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Given the high prevalence of BRAFV600E mutations in melanoma, targeted therapy against BRAF, or its mutated form, is a promising new therapeutic approach for patients with melanoma. Preliminary evidence suggests that BRAFV600E contributes to immune escape, and that blocking its activity via MAPK pathway inhibition leads to increased expression of melanocyte differentiation antigens, supporting the potential use of combination targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, indiscriminate MAPK pathway inhibition may have deleterious effects on the immune system and lead to T cell dysfunction. The purpose of these studies was to explore the role of oncogenic BRAF in immune evasion by melanoma cells through its suppression of melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDAs). Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the effect of MAPK pathway inhibition on T lymphocyte function as a basis for combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Melanoma cell lines were cultured with MEK inhibitors (U0126, PD0325901) or a specific inhibitor of BRAFV600E (PLX4720) and expression of MDAs was assayed at the mRNA and protein level. The level of micro-opthalmia transcription factor (MITF), a transcriptional regulator of MDAs, was also assayed. Untreated and treated melanoma cell lines were co-cultured with antigen-specific T lymphocytes (generated by transduction of lymphocytes with MART-1- and gp100-specific T cell receptors) and reactivity was measured via interferon gamma release. The effect of MAPK pathway inhibition on T lymphocyte function was analyzed by assaying fold-expansion after OKT-3 & IL-2 stimulation as well as antigen-specific interferon gamma release. Inhibition of MAPK pathway in melanoma cell lines resulted in increased levels of MDAs which was associated with improved antigen-specific recognition by MART-1- and gp100-specific T lymphocytes. This was associated with higher intracellular levels of MITF. Treatment with MEK inhibitors resulted in impaired T lymphocyte function, as assayed by T cell expansion and antigen-specific interferon gamma release, whereas T cell function was preserved after treatment with a specific inhibitor of BRAFV600E. These findings suggest that oncogenic BRAF contributes to immune evasion by transcriptional repression of melanocyte antigen expression through MITF, which may be reversed by targeted MAPK pathway inhibition. Selective inhibition of BRAFV600E enhances MDA expression while preserving T cell function, whereas MEK inhibition has deleterious effects on T cell function. These data have important implications for the design of clinical trials using combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy for melanoma as well as other cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1970.
An Update on Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Using Pulse Oximetry

This review paper places lessons learned from recent publications over the past 3 years into the larger context of newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in the United States and internationally. Lessons learned from CCHD screening in previously unexamined populations and settings have helped refine the issues and eliminate preconceived barriers. Although the incidence of CCHD is relatively stable worldwide, the sensitivity of newborn screening and the impact on outcomes are greatly influenced by the healthcare resources available, type of facility, and the specific screening algorithm implemented, including timing and cut-off values. Screening in neonatal intensive care units, while feasible, may ultimately be of limited value, while screening home births and at altitude require further investigation. Defining goal targets and using standardized nomenclature are critical to being able to make comparisons and learn from emerging aggregate data sets as universal screening at the national level becomes a reality in additional countries.
Analysis on Research Situation of Sports Humanistic Sociology in China

In order to reveal the development of the research on China's sports humanistic sociology,this paper based on CSSCI retrieval platform,takes the papers with regard to China's sports humanistic sociology papers published from 2002 to 2011 as the objects,utilizes the method of bibliometrics to conduct statistical analysis of the overview of types of published papers and citations,and the types of sports humanistic sociology journals.The research reckons that:1) Sports humanistic sociology develops rapidly and is becoming mature,the paper quantity is increased and the research results are getting more standardized and rigorous.2) Compared with other disciplines in sports science,sports humanistic sociology is more open and inclusive.But as a comprehensive discipline,it shall improve its cross penetration nature.3) Integrated academic standardization degree is greatly improved,but it still has disadvantages compared with other disciplines in sports science.4) The research system of sports humanistic sociology is not complete.The academic paper type is not all-inclusive and the distribution is uneven.It has less cross penetration with other disciplines.The research can have a all-around and in-depth understanding on the situation of sports humanistic sociology and offer references to the discipline building and research.
Lower Pectoralis Muscle Area is Associated with a Worse Overall Survival in Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Muscle wasting is a component of the diagnosis of cancer cachexia and has been associated with poor prognosis. However, recommended tools to measure sarcopenia are limited by poor sensitivity or the need to perform additional scans. We hypothesized that pectoralis muscle area (PMA) measured objectively on chest CT scan may be associated with overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We evaluated two hundred fifty two cases from a prospectively enrolling lung cancer cohort. Eligible cases had CT scans performed prior to the initiation of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. PMA was measured in a semi-automated fashion while blinded to characteristics of the tumor, lung, and patient outcomes. Results: Men had a significantly greater PMA than women (37.59 vs 26.19 cm2, P<0.0001). In univariate analysis, PMA was associated with age and BMI. A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to account for confounders associated with survival. Lower pectoralis area (per cm2) at diagnosis was associated with an increased hazard of death of 2% (HRadj 0.98 [0.96, 0.99], P=0.044) while adjusting for age, sex, smoking, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, histology, stage, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, BMI, and ECOG performance status. . Conclusions: Lower pectoralis muscle area measured from chest CT scans obtained at the time of diagnosis of NSCLC is associated with a worse overall survival. Impact: Pectoralis muscle area may be a valuable CT biomarker for sarcopenia associated lung cancer survival.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Carcinogenesis

Issues related to the development of cancer of the urogenital system in men and women and the possible role played by agents of sexually transmitted diseases are discussed. Research evidence supporting the role of specific viral agents in the etiology of cancer of the uterine cervix, penis, testis, prostate, and urinary bladder is presented. Also included is a discussion of the current speculations about the role played by agents of sexually transmitted diseases in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Nanomedicine targeting the tumor microenvironment: Therapeutic strategies to inhibit angiogenesis, remodel matrix, and modulate immune responses

Abstract Increasing attention has been given to the tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes cellular and structural components such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vasculature, and extracellular matrix (ECM) that surround tumor sites. These components contribute to tumor growth and metastasis and are one reason why traditional chemotherapy often is insufficient to eradicate the tumor completely. Newer treatments that target aspects of the TME, such as antiangiogenic and immunostimulatory therapies, have seen limited clinical success despite promising preclinical results. This can be attributed to a number of reasons, including a lack of drug penetration deeper into the necrotic tumor core, nonspecific delivery, rapid clearance from serum, or toxic side effects at high doses. Nanoparticles offer a potential solution to all of these obstacles, and many recent studies have shown encouraging results using nanomedicine to target TME vasculature, ECM, and immune response. While few of these platforms have made it to clinical trials to date, these strategies are relatively new and may offer a way to improve the effects of anticancer therapies.
Ritalin Side Effects: Placebo Controlled Evaluation

The frequency of side effects of Ritalin was examined in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial in 206 children aged 5 through 15 years with ADHD at the Marshfield Clinic and Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI.
Perceptions of social norms and exposure to pro-marijuana messages are associated with adolescent marijuana use

Despite consistent declines in rates of cigarette use among adolescents in the last five years, rates of marijuana use have remained constant, with marijuana being the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. More work is needed to understand how social norms, perceived risks and benefits, and social media messaging impact use of marijuana. This study compared perceptions and social norms related to marijuana, blunts and cigarettes. Additionally, we assessed how perceptions related to social norms, risks and benefits, and exposure to pro- versus anti-marijuana messaging is related to use. Participants were 786 adolescents from Southern and Northern California (36.7% male, 63.21% females; mean age=16.1years; SD=1.6). Participants came from diverse ethnic backgrounds, with 207 (26.61%) White, 171 (21.98%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 232 (29.82%) Hispanic, and 168 (21.59%) other. Results indicated that marijuana and blunts were consistently perceived as more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes (p<0.01). Participants who reported that their friends used marijuana had a 27% greater odds of using marijuana themselves. Further, seeing messages about the good things or benefits of marijuana use was associated with a 6% greater odds of use [OR 1.06 (CI 1.00, 1.12)]. This study's findings offer a number of important public health implications, particularly as states move towards legalization of marijuana for recreational use. As this occurs, states need to take adolescents' perceptions of risks, benefits, social norms, and peer influences into account as they implement strategies to reduce youth use of marijuana and blunts.
A proposed energy storage controller for mitigating impact of wind farms on AGC

The focus of this paper is to examine a controller for a battery energy storage system (BESS), which would reduce the number of deep discharge cycles, with a minimal effect on the regulation services provided by the BESS. Reducing the number of cycles will extend the life expectancy of the BESS, making it a more viable option for the integration of renewable energy onto the power system. To achieve this, additional control signals are fed into the controller. Thereby allowing it to not only take into account the output power from the wind resource, but also whether that output is having or not having an adverse effect on the performance standards.
Abstract 2671: INCB050465, a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor, synergizes with PIM protein kinase inhibition to cause tumor regression in a model of DLBCL

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) belong to a family of lipid signaling kinases that phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), giving rise to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 functions as a second messenger that controls a number of cellular processes, including growth, survival, adhesion and migration. The delta isoform of PI3K (PI3Kδ) plays an essential role in both B cell development and function, and has now been validated as a therapeutic target in CLL and indolent NHL upon the approval of idelalisib, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor. However, despite the demonstrated activity of PI3Kδ inhibitors in several subtypes of B cell malignancies, the effectiveness of the approach as a single agent for the treatment of DLBCL, the largest subtype of NHL, has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that an optimal treatment strategy in this histology would require combined inhibition of PI3Kδ with additional agents that target B cells through distinct signaling pathways. INCB050465 is a novel, small molecule inhibitor of PI3Kδ. In biochemical assays, it potently inhibits PI3Kδ (IC50 = 1 nM at 1 mM ATP) with approximately 20,000-fold selectivity for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and 57 other kinases. In various PI3Kδ functional assays, including B cell proliferation induced by activation of BCR, BAFF-R, IL-4R, CD40 and TLRs as well as T cell differentiation assays, INCB050465 demonstrates potent activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 2 nM. In addition, INCB050465 blocks the proliferation of several DLBCL and MCL cell lines in vitro (EC50 Citation Format: Niu Shin, Holly Koblish, Maryanne Covington, Yanlong Li, Kathy Wang, Qian Wang, Patricia Feldman, Leslie Hall, Sybil O9Connor, Xin He, Kamna Katiyar, Yu Li, Eddy W. Yue, Thomas P. Maduskuie, Brent Douty, Song Mei, Yun-Long Li, Chu-Biao Xue, Andrew Combs, Wenqing Yao, Sharon Diamond-Fosbenner, Swamy Yeleswaram, Robert Newton, Kris Vaddi, Reid Huber, Peggy Scherle. INCB050465, a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor, synergizes with PIM protein kinase inhibition to cause tumor regression in a model of DLBCL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2671. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2671
How Arkansas Convictions are Treated for Immigration Purposes

This article is a companion piece to "Immigration Consequences of State Criminal Convictions" published in the same edition of Arkansas Law Notes. It is intended to be an example of a basic analysis of how certain Arkansas Criminal Convictions are viewed through the federal immigration system. Part I explores how the INA defines a conviction, Part II synthesizes various conviction relief states in Arkansas and what affect they have in immigration law, and Part III describes how criminal convictions effect a foreign national in the United States. Although this article deals with specific statutes, it should in no way be considered dispositive in any given criminal case.
Navigating between Different Forms of Embodiment in a Synchronous Hybrid Doctoral Course

This case study describes how we used a mix of robots and other modes of telepresence to help remote students enrolled in an on-campus doctoral level course stay connected with both people and content during synchronous hybrid class sessions. Overall, we learned that while robotic telepresence and video telepresence each had significant merit for class interaction, navigating robots during transitions was a real drawback. We also learned that quick and seamless transitions were ideal from the point of view of both students and instructors. We also learned it can be challenging to design a system for quick transitions between modes of telepresence that is easy for students and instructors to master while they are focused on the content of the course.
Neural predictors of substance use disorders in Young adulthood

Offspring from multiplex, alcohol-dependent families are at heightened risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescence and young adulthood. These high-risk offspring have also been shown to have atypical structure and function of brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, social cognition, and reward processing. This study assessed the relationship between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes obtained in adolescence and SUD outcomes in young adulthood among high-risk offspring and low-risk controls. A total of 78 participants (40 high-risk; 38 low-risk) from a longitudinal family study, ages 8-19, underwent magnetic resonance imaging; volumes of the amygdala and OFC were obtained with manual tracing. SUD outcomes were assessed at approximately yearly intervals. Cox regression survival analyses were used to assess the effect of regional brain volumes on SUD outcomes. The ratio of OFC to amygdala volume significantly predicted SUD survival time across the sample; reduction in survival time was seen in those with smaller ratios for both high-risk and low-risk groups. Morphology of prefrontal relative to limbic regions in adolescence prospectively predicts age of onset for substance use disorders.
Spreading the news about the novel conjugation mechanism in Streptomyces bacteria

The hallmark of mycelial spore-forming bacteria of the genus Streptomyces is their prolific production of antibiotics and other bioactive secondary metabolites as part of a complex morphological and physiological developmental program. They are further distinguished by a conjugation mechanism that differs substantially from the single-strand mode of DNA transfer via Type IV secretion, which is exhibited by numerous unicellular Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. At the crux of the novel intermycelial transfer event in Streptomyces spp. is a membrane pore composed of a single plasmid protein (TraB), which also functions as an FtsK-like DNA pump driven by the energy of ATP hydrolysis. TraB binds to specific 8-mer repeats within the non-coding clt plasmid transfer locus and the DNA is then translocated intercellularly in double-strand form. TraB also translocates chromosomal DNA most likely by binding to 8-mer clc sequences (clt-like chromosomal sequences) distributed throughout streptomycete chromosomes. In the recipient, plasmids are dispersed through septal crosswalls apparently by a multiprotein complex comprising TraB and plasmid Spd proteins. Continued rounds of such intramycelial spreading distribute plasmids well beyond the initial entrance point during the time prior to cell differentiation and sporulation.
An Assembly-Activating Site in the Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Protein Can Also Trigger Disassembly

The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) core protein homodimers self-assemble to form an icosahedral capsid that packages the viral genome. Disassembly occurs in the nuclear basket to release the mature genome to the nucleus. Small molecules have been developed that bind to a pocket at the interdimer interface to accelerate assembly and strengthen interactions between subunits; these are under development as antiviral agents. Here, we explore the role of the dimer–dimer interface by mutating sites in the drug-binding pocket to cysteine and examining the effect of covalently linking small molecules to them. We find that ligands bound to the pocket may trigger capsid disassembly in a dose-dependent manner. This result indicates that, at least transiently, the pocket adopts a destabilizing conformation. We speculate that this pocket also plays a role in virus disassembly and genome release by binding ligands that are incompatible with virus stability, “unwanted guests.” Investigating protein–protein interactions, especi...