cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Antigen-Specific Cytolytic T Lymphocytes in Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy

Recent progress in molecular and immunologic approaches to discovery of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in humans has resulted in the characterization of a number of new epitopes (3, 23). In most cases, the success of these efforts depended on the availability of tumor-specific T-cell lines or clones, which were used as probes for isolation and biochemical characterization of TAA (10, 55). Two types of methodologies have largely been used for antigen discovery: (i) biochemical fractionation of naturally processed and presented peptides derived from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expressed by tumor cells (16) and (ii) expression cloning of cells transfected with cDNA libraries derived from tumor cells (54). More recent introduction of the SEREX (serological analysis of tumor antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning) technology (47) and of computer-based modeling of peptides that best fit the relevant MHC class I molecules expressed on tumor cells (15) further expands the list of technologies available for antigen discovery and for identification of TAA which might be therapeutically useful. SEREX is based on identification of recombinant tumor antigens by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies present in the patient’s serum. To qualify for immunotherapy, e.g., as components of antitumor vaccines, TAA or their newly identified epitopes have to be immunogenic, that is, able to induce and sustain an immune response specifically targeted not only to the immunizing epitope but to the tumor itself. With the exception of the products of mutated genes, few if any TAA epitopes meet the criteria for therapeutic utility, largely because they are self-antigens rather than neo-antigens. As such, they are weakly immunogenic, and tolerance for self-epitopes in tumor-bearing hosts prevents generation of strong antitumor immune responses targeting these TAA. Most of the melanoma-derived peptides are normal differentiation antigens, which are overexpressed in tumor cells (3, 9, 23). The TAA encoded by mutated genes are the exception, of course, because they are truly new antigens, but their therapeutic usefulness is limited to individually tailored treatments that are not applicable to broad-scale immunizations. Nearly all of the known TAA epitopes are ligands for T-cell receptors (TcRs) which are clonally expressed on T lymphocytes: on CD8 1 T cells expressing TcRs for nanopeptides associated with MHC class I molecules or on CD4 1 T cells
SpS1-Infrared spectroscopy of post-AGB objects

Post-AGB (pAGB) objects are low to intermediate initial mass (≤8 M ⊙ ) objects that have terminated normal nuclear burning and as a result are undergoing rapid evolution toward the white dwarf sequence. In classical pAGB objects evolution is to hotter effective temperatures at roughly constant luminosity. However, there are also several classes of pAGB objects that have revived nuclear burning after approaching or being on the white dwarf sequence. These include objects with delayed final helium shell flashes (e.g. Sakurai's star) and white dwarf mergers (e.g. R CrB stars). Binary evolution plays a critical role in many of these systems. A group of pAGB supergiants with large infrared excesses are suspected to be binaries that have undergone common envelope evolution. Further details on many of these objects can be found in reviews, see for instance Van Winckel (2003) and Herwig (2005).
Contextual cueing of visual attention

Visual context information constrains what to expect and where to look, facilitating search for and recognition of objects embedded in complex displays. This article reviews a new paradigm called contextual cueing, which presents well-defined, novel visual contexts and aims to understand how contextual information is learned and how it guides the deployment of visual attention. In addition, the contextual cueing task is well suited to the study of the neural substrate of contextual learning. For example, amnesic patients with hippocampal damage are impaired in their learning of novel contextual information, even though learning in the contextual cueing task does not appear to rely on conscious retrieval of contextual memory traces. We argue that contextual information is important because it embodies invariant properties of the visual environment such as stable spatial layout information as well as object covariation information. Sensitivity to these statistical regularities allows us to interact more effectively with the visual world.
Photonics-on-a-chip: recent advances in integrated waveguides as enabling detection elements for real-world, lab-on-a-chip biosensing applications

By leveraging advances in semiconductor microfabrication technologies, chip-integrated optical biosensors are poised to make an impact as scalable and multiplexable bioanalytical measurement tools for lab-on-a-chip applications. In particular, waveguide-based optical sensing technology appears to be exceptionally amenable to chip integration and miniaturization, and, as a result, the recent literature is replete with examples of chip-integrated waveguide sensing platforms developed to address a wide range of contemporary analytical challenges. As an overview of the most recent advances within this dynamic field, this review highlights work from the last 2–3 years in the areas of grating-coupled, interferometric, photonic crystal, and microresonator waveguide sensors. With a focus towards device integration, particular emphasis is placed on demonstrations of biosensing using these technologies within microfluidically controlled environments. In addition, examples of multiplexed detection and sensing within complex matrices—important features for real-world applicability—are given special attention.
Understanding the Historical and Cultural Influences that Shape Generations.

Generations are shaped by history and embedded in culture. This chapter explores how history and popular culture can be useful lenses for understanding generations.
Prospective Study of Diet and the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer in Men

The authors examined the associations between dietary factors and the risk of duodenal ulcer in a prospective cohort of 47,806 men, aged 40-75 years, who were free of diagnosed gastric or duodenal ulcer or cancer. During 6 years of follow-up, they documented 138 newly diagnosed cases of duodenal ulcer. They found little evidence for an important effect of fat, type of fat, or protein intake. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with lower risk of duodenal ulcer (relative risk (RR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-1.15 for > or = 7 servings per day vs. < 3 servings per day) after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, and use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Total dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with the risk of duodenal ulcer (RR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.96 for men in the highest vs. the lowest quintile of dietary fiber). The soluble component of fiber was strongly associated with a decreased risk of duodenal ulcer (RR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.74 for the highest quintile). Several age- and energy-adjusted nutrients correlated with dietary fiber were also inversely related to the risk of duodenal ulcer, but vitamin A from all sources combined (including supplements and multivitamins) was the only nutrient that was statistically significant after adjustment for other risk factors (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.91 for men in the highest vs. the lowest quintile of vitamin A intake). These findings provide evidence that vitamin A from all sources, as well as diets high in fruits and vegetables, may reduce the development of duodenal ulcer, possibly due to their fiber content. Although the associations appeared stronger for dietary fiber and vitamin A, the authors can not exclude the possibility that other closely correlated dietary factors may be the true protective factors.
Application of universal adaptive control to a two link robot

Universal adaptive control is applied to a planar rigid two-link robot. The equations of the UAC are reduced from N+N/sup 2/ order to 3N order by first applying the equations specifically to mechanical systems and then using a decoupled reference model. This reduction in order makes the technique more tractable for use in physical systems. The reduced-order linear adaptive controller is simulated with the equations of motion for the two-link robot. The system response shows that the adaptive controller not only forces the system to reach set points in a desired fashion, but also is able to adapt to changes in the mass at the distal end of the second link. >
A Policy of Preemption: The Timing of Renal Replacement Therapy in AKI

Beliefs about when to initiate dialysis in patients with AKI are passionately held by nephrologists, and are—on the whole—unsupported by reliable evidence. Indeed, it may be the very lack of high-quality evidence that gives rise to such impassioned belief systems. It is commendable that the
Emotional Intelligence Skills Monitoring Approach for School Aged Children

Abstract The Emotional Intelligence Skills Monitoring Approach is a combination educational program and self-monitoring system to facilitate the internalization and competent expression of emotionally intelligent functioning. Specific emotional intelligence abilities targeted by this approach are impulse control, conflict resolution, communication, self-acceptance, personal responsibility, and sociability.
The Inner Life of Physicians and Care of the Seriously Ill

Seriously ill persons are emotionally vulnerable during the typically protracted course of an illness. Physicians respond to such patients’ needs and emotions with emotions of their own, which may reflect a need to rescue the patient, a sense of failure and frustration when the patient’s illness progresses, feelings of powerlessness against illness and its associated losses, grief, fear of becoming ill oneself, or a desire to separate from and avoid patients to escape these feelings. These emotions can affect both the quality of medical care and the physician’s own sense of well-being, since unexamined emotions may also lead to physician distress, disengagement, burnout, and poor judgment. In this article, which is intended for the practicing, nonpsychiatric clinician, we describe a model for increasing physician selfawareness, which includes identifying and working with emotions that may affect patient care. Our approach is based on the standard medical model of risk factors, signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis, and intervention. Although it is normal to have feelings arising from the care of patients, physicians should take an active role in identifying and controlling those emotions.
Mechanisms of Tubular Sodium Chloride Transport

Extracellular fluid volume is determined by sodium and its accompanying anions. There are control mechanisms which regulate sodium balance in the body. These include high and low pressure haroreceptors, intrarenal baroreceptors, renal autoregulation, tubuloglomerular feedback, aldosterone, and numerous other physical and hormonal factors. Sodium transport by the nephron involves active and passive processes which occur in several different nephron segments. Mechanisms of cotransport, Na+-H- exchange, antiporters and ion-specific channels are all utilized by the nephron to maintain sodium balance. These regulatory factors and transport mechanisms for sodium in the kidney will he discussed in detail.
Integrative medicine consultation with cancer patients: Does it affect patients concerns and well-being?

e20581 Background: Increased numbers of cancer patients are searching for additional options outside of their conventional medical care to improve their clinical outcome, quality of life, and overa...
An Adventure in the Pathogenetic Maze of Rheumatic Fever

many years, but I am not a member of that host of infectious disease specialists who had at least part of their training with him. In fact, I am one of those unusual medical microbiologists of my generation who is totally innocent of any direct Boston influence in his training. Thus, there is no element of bias in my admiration for the extraordinary breadth and thoroughness of Max Finland's contributions to our knowledge of infectious diseases. I had some trouble deciding how to approach my topic for this lecture. In one category of choice I could deal with the past, the present, or the future, or perhaps some mixture of the three. However, trying to deal with the future of any science requires a better crystal ball than is available to any of us; as far as the present is concerned, the relevant current work in my laboratory is all being done by others, and I do not feel free to construct an entire lecture out of their efforts. Thus, I was left with a consideration of past events. This did not seem inappropriate because it is rather natural to take a retrospective look at one's career as the transition to emeritus status
Laboratory Bioassay of Crude Extracts as Anti-feedants for the Southern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Crude extracts of five plant species which in previous experiments significantly limited corn wireworm, Melanotus communis Gyllenhal, feeding damage were tested for deterrence of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. When offered extract-treated and untreated corn seeds, rootworms damaged significantly fewer treated seeds than untreated seeds with four of the extracts. In a “no-choice” test design, with the three most effective extracts, there was a significantly lower frequency of damage to treated baits compared to control baits.
Development of a Quantum-Mechanical Analysis of Stark Effects of Porphyrins Employed as Sensors of Internal Electric Fields in Biological Systems

Chromophores in biological systems, such as heme, are exposed to strong electric fields that are generated by charge distributions of the biosystems themselves. These “internal electric fields” may be of magnitude of several MV/cm, and, thus, may contribute to functional properties of a system. The ability to measure such fields would help to elucidate the importance of “electrostatic structure” to a biosystem's function. Our approach of measuring internal electric fields relies on changes to electronic transition energies of a chromophore when exposed to an electric field, i.e., the “Stark effect”. Analyzing the Stark shifts allows for extraction of magnitude and orientation the internal electric field. Classically, the Stark shift is analyzed with a series of terms that are linear, quadratic, etc., in the electric field, which requires knowledge of the polarizability tensors for both ground and excited states to extract the internal electric field. Usually the analysis is restricted to term linear in the external electric field, which for randomly oriented chromophores leads to a systematic error. We pose a quantum-mechanical alternative to the classical analysis based on infinite-order perturbation theory that overcomes the neglect of non-linear terms. The challenge with the quantum-mechanical analysis then becomes that, theoretically, it may require the description of an infinite number of electronic transitions to account for the Stark shift. Here, we present a method for determining the number and identity of electronic transitions that are required for quantum-mechanical Stark analysis, essentially opening a practical path to using this more exact analytical option. As demonstration, we apply this new protocol to a porphyrin sensor used to measure the internal electric field of myoglobin and show the accessibility of the method with reasonable computational resources.
Fine structure ofCylindrocapsa zoospores

Quadriflagellate zoospores from an isolate ofCylindrocapsa geminella have been studied ultrastructurally. Each swimming zoospore is enclosed within a delicate, loose-fitting, outer investment which in grazing tangential section exhibits a pattern resembling wire gauze. The chloroplast is axial and possesses numerous, irregularly shaped lobes, each joined to the central pyrenoid region by a slender connection. A single pyrenoid per zoospore is typical, but as many as 3 per cell have been observed. The pyrenoids have a distinctive structure; the matrix is penetrated by branched cytoplasmic channels delimited by a double membrane system continuous with the chloroplast envelope. Formation of new pyrenoids by bipartition is common. Each zoospore has an eyespot consisting of a single layer of closely packed pigment chambers positioned directly beneath the chloroplast envelope near the cell surface. Contractile vacuoles are prominent near the flagellar bases and throughout their development they are associated with numerous coated vesicles; membrane continuity is often observed between the vesicles and the contractile vacuole. Subunits on the surface of the coated vesicles appear identical to similar subunits occurring on the outer surface of both expanding and fully expanded contractile vacuoles. Preliminary observations are given on the structure of the flagellar apparatus.
THE HERSCHEL-QUINCKE TUBE CONCEPT AS A NOISE CONTROL DEVICE FOR TURBOFAN ENGINES

A novel approach to control both tonal and broadband noise from turbofan engines is investigated. The approach consists of installing circumferential arrays of Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tubes or waveguides in the inlet of the turbofan engine. An analytical technique is developed here to model and predict the effects of HQ waveguides applied to circular inlets. The performance of the system is then investigated and results for broadband and tonal reduction are validated experimentally. Analytical predictions are shown to correlate well with experimental data. The analytical model is then used to provide insight into the noise control mechanisms involved in the system. It is shown that the energy in an incident mode is in part reflected back to the fan and that some energy is also scattered into other higher-order modes. Thus, the suppression of a particular mode is due to the combination of the scattered contributions from the various incident modes. The effects of the number and configuration of the HQ tubes on the performance of the system are also investigated. The results show the potential of the HQ tubes system to reduce tonal and broadband noise from turbofan engines.
EFFECT OF EVOLOCUMAB ON LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES

Serum levels of low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P) are more highly correlated with risk for cardiovascular (CV) events than LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). In this post hoc analysis we evaluated the impact of evolocumab therapy on serum levels of LDL-P in patients on diet alone, atorvastatin (ATV)
Procedural changes to decrease complications in laparoscopic gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a complex procedure performed in a patient population with significant medical comorbidities. Evaluation and modification of surgical techniques can minimize the complications associated with the lengthy learning curve for this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single surgeon's decade-long experience with LRYGB, to determine whether complications decreased with experience and surgical modifications improved perioperative outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of all procedures performed by a fellowship-trained surgeon (MK) from December 1, 2000, to October 31, 2013, identified patients who underwent LRYGB. We evaluated perioperative outcomes in 1117 patients and examined the impact of modification of surgical techniques on complications. The patients were divided into 4 groups: cases 1-100 (group 1), cases 101-400 (group 2), cases 401-700 (group 3), and cases 701-1117 (group 4). RESULTS Operating time decreased significantly after the initial 100 cases, from 179.1 minutes for group 1 to 122.1 minutes for group 4. With experience, early complication rates improved from 25.0% to 5.0%, but the rates of early reoperation increased from 1.0% to 2.2% over the 4 case groups. Late complication and reoperation rates increased from 4.0% to 10.5%. However, rates of bleeding, early stricture, internal hernia, and wound infection all decreased after the modification of surgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS Operating time and early complication rates decreased with operative experience, but late complication and early and late reoperation rates increased. However, after modifications of surgical technique, common complications of LRYGB decreased to rates lower than those reported in several gastric bypass case series in the literature. The findings in this study will be helpful to fellow bariatric surgeons who are refining their strategies for reducing morbidity related to LRGYB.
Analysis on the main causes of death among residents in Huinong city from 2007 to 2011

Objective The current study was designed to investigate the main causes of death among residents in Huinong city in order to provide scientific basis for developing and adjusting appropriate strategy for disease control and prevention. Methods Descriptive statistics was used to calculate the constituent ratio and PYLL. The reported data of death cases from 2007 to 2011 was analyzed. Results It was reported that there were totally 3654 cases of death from 2007 to 2011. The average crude death rate was 265.55/100 000(standardized mortality rate was 227.25 per ten thousand). The rate for male was 313.97/100 thousand, and the rate for female was 213.97/100 thousand. Male mortality was higher than women. The highest PYLL was injury(PYLL was 5739 person-years). The top five diseases that cause death were circulatory system diseases, cancer, injuries, respiratory diseases and infectious diseases. Chronic disease accounted for the highest proportion in the cause of death(78.16%). Conclusion Chronic diseases were the leading cause of death for residents in Huinong city. Injury had obvious potential impact on human health.
Toward Stationary Populations and Beyond

The world population growth rate is no longer increasing. Most developed and developing countries are now experiencing declining birthrates and some of the developed countries are heading toward stationary populations. Achieving stationary populations in the developing countries will take some time due to the high percentage of young people in the age structure. The absolute number of poor people in the world will increase. The relative role of declining birth and increasing death rates in different countries achievement of stationary populations will be determined by the world distribution of the poor. The classic demographic transition theory of population reduction has been shown to be inaccurate as a total explanation. The recent experience of the Peoples Republic of China shows that fertility reduction can be achieved by a country in advance of either low mortality or high socioeconomic development. Fertility silhouettes for a number of countries show the efficacy of family planning programs in effecting fertility reduction. There is a world fertility control revolution occurring today. The will and effort of the national leaders and the degree of internal harmony determines the pace of the fertility control revolution within individual countries. The economic and ecologic consequences of rapid population growth are reviewed and graphed. Self-help participatory effort in rural and urban neighborhoods will spread the fertility control revolution and do the most good in reducing fertility rates.
An asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Oxfordian Swift Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Montana

A new Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Swift Formation of Montana includes representatives of four genera including the new genus and species Atalopegaster gundersoni (Stichasteridae), Eokainaster sp. indet. (Astropectinidae), an indeterminate probable member of the Goniasteridae, and a species indeterminate beyond the class level. Because of weathering at the outcrop, preservation is poor.Although representing an unusual depositional occurrence, overall faunule composition appears comparable to that found in a similar modern environment. The faunule is comparable in age and regional location to earlier Jurassic asteroid discoveries, suggesting wide distribution during a geologically brief time interval of favorable conditions. Asteroids are only rarely reported from the Mesozoic of the North American continental interior, and co-occurrence of multiple fossil taxa is unusual on a global basis.
Development and Validation of a Brain Phantom for Therapeutic Cooling Devices

Tissue cooling has been proven as a viable therapy for multiple conditions and injuries and has been applied to the brain to treat epilepsy and concussions, leading to improved long-term outcomes. To facilitate the study of temperature reduction as a function of various cooling methods, a thermal brain phantom was developed and analyzed. The phantom is composed of a potassium-neutralized, superabsorbent copolymer hydrogel. The phantom was tested in a series of cooling trials using a cooling block and 37 deg water representing nondirectional blood flow ranging up to 6 gph, a physiologically representative range based on the prototype volume. Results were compared against a validated finite difference (FD) model. Two sets of parameters were used in the FD model: one set to represent the phantom itself and a second set to represent brain parenchyma. The model was then used to calculate steady-state cooling at a depth of 5 mm for all flow rates, for both the phantom and a model of the brain. This effort was undertaken to (1) validate the FD model against the phantom results and (2) evaluate how similar the thermal response of the phantom is to that of a perfused brain. The FD phantom model showed good agreement with the empirical phantom results. Furthermore, the empirical phantom agreed with the predicted brain response within 3.5% at physiological flow, suggesting a biofidelic thermal response. The phantom will be used as a platform for future studies of thermally mediated therapies applied to the cerebral cortex.
Role of xyloglucan in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber elongation of the short fiber mutant Ligon lintless-2 ( Li 2 )

Xyloglucan is a matrix polysaccharide found in the cell walls of all land plants. In growing cells, xyloglucan is thought to connect cellulose microfibrils and regulate their separation during wall extension. Ligon lintless-2 (Li2) is a monogenic dominant cotton fiber mutation that causes extreme reduction in lint fiber length with no pleiotropic effects on vegetative growth. Li2 represents an excellent model system to study fiber elongation. To understand the role of xyloglucan in cotton fiber elongation we used the short fiber mutant Li2 and its near isogenic wild type for analysis of xyloglucan content and expression of xyloglucan-related genes in developing fibers. Accumulation of xyloglucan was significantly higher in Li2 developing fibers than in wild type. Genes encoding enzymes for nine family members of xyloglucan biosynthesis were identified in the draft Gossypium hirsutum genome. RNAseq analysis revealed that most differentially expressed xyloglucan-related genes were down-regulated in Li2 fiber cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the peak of expression for the majority of xyloglucan-related genes in wild type developing fibers was 5-16days post anthesis (DPA) compared to 1-3 DPA in Li2 fibers. Thus, our results suggest that early activation of xyloglucan-related genes and down regulation of xyloglucan degradation genes during the elongation phase lead to elevated accumulation of xyloglucan that restricts elongation of fiber cells in Li2.
School-Based Treatment for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: New Developments in Transportability and Dissemination

Delivering evidence-based treatments in schools is considered a promising avenue for addressing the high rates of anxious youth who do not receive treatment. This chapter reviews recent literature documenting progress toward evaluating the transportability and dissemination of anxiety interventions to school settings. Although training school professionals, such as guidance counselors, to deliver these treatments is an important step toward dissemination, additional study is needed. Critical issues for the future of this growing field are explored, namely the need to establish standardized methods of monitoring treatment fidelity and to develop feasible and effective training and supervision models. Such advances in implementation science will be essential for promoting the feasibility and sustainability of evidence-based treatments in school settings.
Association of Body Mass Index and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery

Background: Whether the deleterious effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the kidneys are exacerbated in the obese population remains unknown. We hypothesized that increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing noncardiac laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Following institutional review board approval, we analyzed data on 8,543 adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status scores of I-IV who had inpatient noncardiac laparoscopic surgery from 2005-2014. Because the exposure (current BMI) is a chronic condition, we a priori assumed that diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might mediate the effect of obesity on outcome. Our primary analysis was a proportional odds logistic regression model with current BMI as a predictor and AKI as an ordinal outcome. Results: After controlling for potential confounding variables, the odds...
Demonstration of pharmaceutical tablet coating process by injection molding technology.

We demonstrate the coating of tablets using an injection molding (IM) process that has advantage of being solvent free and can provide precision coat features. The selected core tablets comprising 10% w/w griseofulvin were prepared by an integrated hot melt extrusion-injection molding (HME-IM) process. Coating trials were conducted on a vertical injection mold machine. Polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide based hot melt extruded coat compositions were used. Tablet coating process feasibility was successfully demonstrated using different coating mold designs (with both overlapping and non-overlapping coatings at the weld) and coat thicknesses of 150 and 300 μm. The resultant coated tablets had acceptable appearance, seal at the weld, and immediate drug release profile (with an acceptable lag time). Since IM is a continuous process, this study opens opportunities to develop HME-IM continuous processes for transforming powder to coated tablets.
Preparation of a Slide/Tape Program for Biological Abstracts: Harvard University

Describes the techniques used by the author in preparing a slide/tape program for Biological Abstracts for use at Harvard University's Cabot Science Library.
Lipomas of the Oral Cavity: Utility of MDM2 and CDK4 in Avoiding Overdiagnosis as Atypical Lipomatous Tumor

Traumatized lipomas with degenerative change may demonstrate histopathologic features that mimic atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT). Previously reported series of ALT involving the oral cavity preceded routine use of MDM2 and CDK4 immunohistochemistry. Our aim is to evaluate MDM2 and CDK4 immunohistochemical expression in adipocytic tumors arising in this site, in conjunction with the histiocytic marker PU.1, to determine whether MDM2 and CDK4 impacts classification. 17 cases originally diagnosed as ALT were retrieved and immunohistochemical studies for MDM2, CDK4 and PU.1 were performed. FISH analysis for MDM2 amplification was performed in select cases. For this study group, the male:female ratio was 9:8 and the median age was 62 (range 41–88). All 17 cases presented as well- or predominantly well-circumscribed proliferations of variably sized, mature adipocytes exhibiting uni- or multi-vacuolation with occasional scalloped nuclei and mild nuclear atypia. Variable amounts of fibrous stroma with focal myxoid change and bland spindle cells were identified in 14/17 cases. Lipoblasts or atypical hyperchromatic stromal cells were not identified in any cases. 14 of 17 cases were negative for MDM2 and CDK4 in tumor cells and 11 of these 14 showed weak nuclear positivity for MDM2 in histiocytes. 3 of 17 cases showed weak, multifocal immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 and CDK4. PU.1 highlighted histiocytes in all 17 cases. FISH analysis for MDM2 amplification was negative in all 3 cases with weak MDM2/CDK4 expression. All cases were reclassified as lipoma with degenerative changes. ALT, in all likelihood, is less common than previously thought in this anatomic location and best diagnosed with ancillary studies. MDM2 expression in histiocytes is best interpreted in conjunction with CDK4 immunohistochemistry and confirmatory FISH for MDM2 amplification.
Advance Care Planning Outcomes in African Americans: An Empirical Look at the Trust Variable

Abstract Context: Racial disparities in rates of hospice use, a marker of quality of end-of-life (EOL) care, have been a long-standing problem. Although distrust has been cited as a main reason for...
Feeding the Student Body: Unequal Food Insecurity among College Students.

Background: A growing but limited body of research has assessed food insecurity among college students. The majority of these studies relied on convenience or nonprobability samples. Purpose: The p...
Iatrogenic Hyperinsulinemia, Not Hyperglycemia, Drives Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes as Revealed by Comparison With GCK-MODY (MODY2)

Although insulin resistance consistently occurs with type 1 diabetes, its predominant driver is uncertain. We therefore determined the relative contributions of hyperglycemia and iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia to insulin resistance using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in three participant groups (n = 10/group) with differing insulinemia and glycemia: healthy control subjects (euinsulinemia and euglycemia), glucokinase-maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY; euinsulinemia and hyperglycemia), and type 1 diabetes (hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia matching GCK-MODY). We assessed the contribution of hyperglycemia by comparing insulin sensitivity in control and GCK-MODY and the contribution of hyperinsulinemia by comparing GCK-MODY and type 1 diabetes. Hemoglobin A1c was normal in control subjects and similarly elevated for type 1 diabetes and GCK-MODY. Basal insulin levels in control subjects and GCK-MODY were nearly equal but were 2.5-fold higher in type 1 diabetes. Low-dose insulin infusion suppressed endogenous glucose production similarly in all groups and suppressed nonesterified fatty acids similarly between control subjects and GCK-MODY, but to a lesser extent for type 1 diabetes. High-dose insulin infusion stimulated glucose disposal similarly in control subjects and GCK-MODY but was 29% and 22% less effective in type 1 diabetes, respectively. Multivariable linear regression showed that insulinemia-but not glycemia-was significantly associated with muscle insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia predominates in driving insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes.
Characterization of blood velocity in arteries using a combined analytical and Doppler imaging approach

Using ultrasound Doppler imaging we experimentally and analytically reconstruct the blood flow field in arteries and provide an $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\ensuremath{-}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o$-validated, noninvasive, and reliable Wall Shear Stress (WSS) estimation. WSS is a major mechanical modulator of many functions of the cardiovascular system.
Characteristics of fast timing MCP-PMTs in magnetic fields

Abstract The motivation of this paper is to explore the parameters that affect the performance of Microchannel Plate Photomultiplier Tubes (MCP-PMTs) in magnetic fields with the goal to guide their design to achieve a high magnetic field tolerance. MCP-PMTs based on two different designs were tested. The magnetic field tolerance of MCP-PMT based on a design providing independently biased voltages showed a significant improvement (up to 0.7 T) compared to the one utilizing an internal resistor chain design (up to 0.1 T), indicating the importance of individually adjustable voltages. The effects of the rotation angle of the MCP-PMT relative to the magnetic field direction and of the bias voltage between the photocathode and the top MCP were extensively investigated using the MCP-PMT based on the independently biased voltage design. It was found that the signal amplitude of the MCP-PMT exhibits an enhanced performance at a tilt angle of ± 8°, due to the 8°bias angle of the MCP pores. The maximum signal amplitude was observed at different bias voltages depending on the magnetic field strength.
Magnesium (Mg) for Citrus Trees

Magnesium deficiency has been a major problem in citrus production. In Florida, Mg deficiency is commonly referred to as “bronzing.” Trees with inadequate Mg may have no symptoms in the spring growth flush, but leaf symptoms develop as the leaves age and the fruit expand and mature in the summer and fall. Magnesium deficiency symptoms occur on mature leaves following the removal of Mg to satisfy fruit requirements. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Mongi Zekri and Tom Obreza and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, July 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss582
Effects of Exercise on Memory Interference in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

There are several mechanisms that cause memory impairment, including motivated forgetting, active forgetting, natural decay, and memory interference. Interference occurs when one is attempting to recall something specific, but there is conflicting information making it more difficult to recall the target stimuli. In laboratory settings, it is common to measure memory interference with paired associate tasks—usually utilizing the AB-CD, AB-AC, AB-ABr, or AB-DE AC-FG method. Memory impairments are frequent among those with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis. The memory effects of each condition differ, but are all related to alterations in brain physiology and general memory deterioration. Exercise, or physical activity, has been demonstrated to attenuate memory interference in some cases, but the mechanisms are still being determined. Further research is needed on memory interference, in regard to exercise and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Prosecuting the Crime of Aggression as a Complement: A Framework to Promote the International Criminal Court's Legitimacy in Head-of-State Prosecutions

There have been wide-ranging responses to the Assembly of States Parties’ decision to activate the Court’s power to prosecute the crime of aggression, but they share one commonality: Each in its own way would misguide the Court in terms of its next steps. On one hand, there is cause for celebration. For the first time since Nuremberg and Tokyo, an international tribunal has jurisdiction over the "supreme international crime [that] contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole." On the other hand, the Court's aggression jurisdiction is limited, thus some characterize activation as a symbolic gesture or urge the Court to pursue Security Council referrals to augment the Court's jurisdictional limitations. Although understandable, these reactions should not guide the Court's course of action. We should not be lulled into a post-celebration ease. Nor should we think that a symbolic event does not require a concrete response. Nor should we reverse the Court's step toward maturation by immediately ceding power to another international body. Activation, in fact, requires the Court to take immediate action to prepare for the Head-of-State (HOS) prosecutions to come. The Court should continue to develop its legitimacy and a normative framework to maintain it. In particular, prosecuting the leadership crime of aggression opens Pandora's Box regarding one of the Court's most difficult chapters: Head-of-State or HOS prosecutions. This paper evaluates activation consequences and next steps through the lens of legitimacy theories — namely consent, efficacy, and procedural fairness. Section II identifies several legitimacy pitfalls that will undermine HOS prosecutions if left unresolved: questions of consent related to the relatively small number of participating states; questions of consent related to undeveloped complementarity rules in the HOS aggression context; questions of efficacy regarding the Court’s inability to pursue successfully a case against a sitting Head of State; and questions regarding procedural fairness. To address these legitimacy issues, Section III suggests that the Office of the Prosecutor adopt a special Prosecutorial Framework for HOS aggression situations. It would expand the existing preliminary examination analysis to address complementarity questions unique to HOS aggression prosecutions. It also would expand the interests of justice considerations to include an evaluation of the Court's capacity to investigate and prosecute — with an aim of building the Court's legitimacy. The framework also calls for the use of a constructivist methodology that will incentivize participation. Constructivist norm building that produces successful HOS prosecutions is a critical need, and the new Prosecutorial Framework introduced in this paper would achieve this end.
Autonomic Nervous System Response to Far-Infrared Sauna Exposure in Firefighters

OBJECTIVES Fire departments have employed far-infrared sauna (FIRS) use as part of post-fire call protocols to address concerns related to carcinogens. The inability of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to fully recover following an emergency call, as demonstrated by heightened sympathetic nervous system activity and delayed parasympathetic nervous system reactivation, has been implicated as a potential factor related to sudden cardiac death. The use of a sauna post-fire call, which has been demonstrated to elevate body temperature, may interfere with the ability of the ANS to fully recover. The purpose of this study was to examine ANS responses to FIRS exposure in firefighters (FFs) with (EX) and without (NONEX) prior maximal exercise. METHODS Sixteen career FFs participated in this study. Body temperature (TEMP), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and blood lactate (La─) were measured at the start of each testing session, following a maximal exercise test (EX only), and immediately after a 15-min FIRS exposure for NONEX and EX. RESULTS In NONEX, TEMP increased (P < 0.001); however, there was no change in HR, HRV, BP, or La─. In EX, BP remained unchanged while TEMP, HR, and La─ were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than baseline following FIRS exposure and HRV was significantly (P = 0.018) lower than baseline. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that FIRS following maximal exercise did support some ANS recovery, but may interfere with restoration of body temperature and parasympathetic nervous system reactivation, potentially influencing post-call cardiovascular risk in FFs.
Hydrocortisone and/or desiccated thyroid in physiologic dosage: XVIII. Dexamethasone, plasma corticosteroids, and response to ACTH☆☆☆

Abstract Healthy adults vary in the duration of the decrease in the nonconjugated plasma 17 (OH) corticosteroids which follows single dosages of dexamethasone. Such individual responses are largely duplicated in repeated studies, suggesting that they are characteristic of the individual. In such acute studies susceptibility to longer suppression of plasma 17 (OH) corticosteroids by dexamethasone is mediated through suppression of the hypothalamus and pituitary rather than the adrenal cortices since exogenous ACTH elicits a prompt response. A single 3 mg. dosage of dexamethasone enhances for reasons that are unknown the plasma 17 (OH) corticosteroid response in an exogenous ACTH stimulation test performed the next day.
Spatial and temporal variations in the solar brightness

We have investigated long-term variations of solar brightness as a function of both time and solar latitude using eight years of ground-based photometric data in conjunction with space-based irradiance data. In particular, we have examined whether the combination of sunspot brightness deficits and facular brightness excesses is sufficient to explain the solar cycle irradiance variations. After correcting for the contribution from sunspots, we find that the irradiance data can be adequately explained by a model in which the remaining brightness variations are due entirely to facular contributions confined to the magnetically active latitudes. Thus we find no support for the hypothesis that there are convectively driven hot bands in the active latitudes, and our data show brightness variations that are well described by a facular contrast function.
Modulation of afterpotentials and firing pattern in guinea pig CA3 neurones by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors

Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) alters the firing patterns of individual CA3 pyramidal cells in guinea pig hippocampal slices. Following addition of the selective group I agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) to the bathing solution, pyramidal cells initially firing regular, single action potentials switched to firing in brief bursts. This change in firing pattern resulted from modulation by mGluRs of three afterpotentials. The medium and slow afterhyperpolarizations (m and sAHPs) were blocked by mGluR activation. In addition, a voltage-dependent afterdepolarization (ADP) was induced. Recordings from mutant mice lacking phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) showed that mGluR block of the mAHP, as well as induction of the ADP, depended on the phosphoinositide hydrolysis pathway. Block of the sAHP, however, was partly spared in the absence of PLCβ1. Optical recordings of postspike intracellular Ca2+ rises showed that mGluR block of the AHP was not mediated by alterations of action potential-associated Ca2+ increases (Ca2+ transients). The mGluR induction of an ADP was also independent of any changes in the Ca2+ transient. The mGluR-induced change in the firing pattern of hippocampal pyramidal cells is thus the result of multiple mechanisms, including suppression of both m and sAHPs and activation of an ADP, that act together to produce a specific excitatory effect, namely an increased likelihood that a single action potential will lead immediately to one or more following action potentials.
Diffused junction p+−n solar cells in bulk GaAs—I: Fabrication and cell performance

This paper describes the fabrication of solar cells made by a simple open tube p(+)-diffusion into bulk n-GaAs. In addition, cell performance is provided as an indicator of the quality of bulk GaAs for this application. Initial results using this technique (12.2 percent efficiency at AM1 for 0.5 sq cm cells) are promising, and indicate directions for materials improvement. It is shown that the introduction of the diffusant (zinc) with point defects significantly affects the material properties and results in an increase in current capability.