cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-11-31: Inverse relationship between ER+/PR- breast cancer and OncotypeDx scores and concordance between IHC and RT-PCR

Background Estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone-receptor negative breast cancer (ER+/PR- BC) is recognized as a distinct clinical entity that is associated with potentially more aggressive tumor biology and early resistance to endocrine therapy when compared to ER+/PR+ BC. The OncotypeDx assay provides risk stratification and prognostic information for hormone receptor (HR)-positive invasive BC; however, the association between the PR status determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by OncotypeDx genomic analysis and the impact on the recurrence score (RS) is less clear. Methods We designed an analysis to determine whether OncotypeDx scores differ between ER+/PR+ and ER+/PR- tumors. Three hundred and fifty patients (pts) with HR positive, node-negative invasive BC who underwent OncotypeDx testing at our institution between Dec 2006-Oct 2013 were included in our study. We examined whether there was discordance in the HR status on IHC staining reported by our pathologists and the RT-PCR analysis reported as part of the OncotypeDx assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA-F test and t-test. Chi-square test was used to analyze the discrepancies between the two methods of tumor genomic profile assessment. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 58 yrs (SD ±10.1 yrs). Three hundred and one pts had ER+/PR+ and 47 pts had ER+/PR- tumors by IHC. Pt characteristics are shown in Table 1. PR- tumors had significantly higher OncotypeDx scores than PR+ tumors (24.7 ±8.53 vs 17.3 ±7.38; Mean ±SD; p Conclusion Our study shows that ER+/PR- BC tumors are associated with a significantly higher OncotypeDx scores; this interprets into a higher risk of recurrence. Our data also show that there was a high concordance of 99.3% for ER between IHC and RT-PCR analyses whereas the concordance for PR was much lower at 88.7%. Citation Format: Lubna N Chaudhary, Zeeshan Jawa, Aniko Szabo, Alexis Visotcky, Christopher R Chitambar. Inverse relationship between ER+/PR- breast cancer and OncotypeDx scores and concordance between IHC and RT-PCR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-31.
Lessons learned from university-government projects

Summary form only given as follows. The management of Federal government R&D organizations provides unique opportunities for joint projects with universities' academic departments. This paper reports on the nature of these projects, their role given the National Performance Review, and lessons learned from joint projects with Federal government agencies and their subcontractors.
Synthesis of saturated long chain fatty acids from sodium acetate-1-C14 by Mycoplasma.

Three strains of Mycoplasma, M. laidlawii A and B, and Mycoplasma sp. A60549, were grown in broth containing sodium acetate-1-C14. The methyl esters of the phospholipid fatty acids of harvested radioactive cells were prepared and identified by comparison of their mobilities to known radioactive fatty acid methyl esters by use of a modified reversed-phase partition-thin layer chromatographic technique. No radioactive methyl oleate or methyl linoleate was detected. Compounds migrating as radioactive methyl myristate, stearate, palmitate, and, with less certainty, laurate and octanoate were detected. The qualitative findings for all three organisms appeared similar. M. laidlawii B synthesized a radioactive substance, presumably a saturated fatty acid detected as the methyl ester derivative, which migrated in a position intermediate to methyl myristate-1-C14 and methyl palmitate-1-C14. This work indicates that M. laidlawii A and B and Mycoplasma sp. A60549 are capable, in a complex medium containing fatty acids, of synthesizing saturated but not unsaturated fatty acids entirely or in part from acetate. Images
Aztreonam activity, pharmacology, and clinical uses

Aztreonam, the first monobactam, has been used extensively in the treatment of a variety of infections caused by gram-negative pathogens. It has been shown to be highly effective against susceptible bacteria without causing serious adverse reactions. Its pharmacologic profile can be attributed to its unique chemical properties and mechanisms of action, which differ substantially from those of the bicyclic beta-lactams, such as the penicillins and cephalosporins. Administered parenterally, aztreonam provides peak serum concentrations for most Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is widely distributed throughout the body. Excretion is largely dependent on renal mechanisms, so dosage can be adjusted in the presence of renal impairment. The clinical uses of aztreonam include treatment of urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and intraabdominal infections, as well as septicemia, endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and skin and skin structure infections due to aerobic gram-negative organisms. It is concluded that aztreonam can be used with confidence in the single-drug treatment of susceptible aerobic, gram-negative pathogens. In the treatment of mixed infections, or those of unknown etiology, however, combination therapy is recommended to ensure coverage of gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria.
Geology of the Strait of Juan de Fuca

Abstract Interpretation of about 1000 km of shallow-penetration ( 1. (1) the reconnaissance mapping of structural features within the pre-Pleistocene strata; 2. (2) the recognition of an unconformity truncating the Tertiary and older rocks throughout the Strait; 3. (3) the mapping of an extensive, more than 300 m thick, sequence of interbedded marine and glacial Pleistocene sediment containing three major reflecting horizons; 4. (4) the mapping of Late Pleistocene deltaic “lenses” of layered, sandy sediments that have been deposited above the interbedded marine and glacial sediment along the northern and southern edges of the Strait. These results have been combined with previously published information in an attempt to synthesize the geology of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the history of its development. It is concluded that the morphology of the strait has evolved from a combination of a varied bedrock composition, Tertiary diastrophism, and glacial and marine erosion and deposition during the Quaternary period.
Coulomb self-energy of a uniformly charged three-dimensional cube

Abstract In a previous work [O. Ciftja, Phys. Lett. A 374 (2010) 981] we reported the exact calculation of the Coulomb self-energy of a uniformly charged two-dimensional square. The purpose of this brief extension of the earlier work is to report the corresponding exact result for the Coulomb self-energy of a uniformly charged three-dimensional cube. The calculations were carried out by using a straightforward generalization of the same mathematical method adopted in the earlier study.
A comparison of liquid hot water and steam pretreatments of sugar cane bagasse for bioconversion to ethanol

Sugar cane bagasse was pretreated with either liquid hot water (LHW) or steam using the same 25 l reactor. Solids concentration ranged from 1% to 8% for LHW pretreatment and was > or = 50% for steam pretreatment. Reaction temperature and time ranged from 170 to 230 degrees C and 1 to 46 min, respectively. Key performance metrics included fiber reactivity, xylan recovery, and the extent to which pretreatment hydrolyzate inhibited glucose fermentation. In four cases, LHW pretreatment achieved > or = 80% conversion by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). > or = 80% xylan recovery, and no hydrolyzate inhibition of glucose fermentation yield. Combined effectiveness was not as good for steam pretreatment due to low xylan recovery. SSF conversion increased and xylan recovery decreased as xylan dissolution increased for both modes. SSF conversion, xylan dissolution. hydrolyzate furfural concentration, and hydrolyzate inhibition increased, while xylan recovery and hydrolyzate pH decreased, as a function of increasing LHW pretreatment solids concentration (1-8%). These results are consistent with the notion that autohydrolysis plays an important. if not exclusive, role in batch hydrothermal pretreatment. Achieving concurrently high (greater than 90%) SSF conversion and xylan recovery will likely require a modified reactor configuration (e.g. continuous percolation or base addition) that better preserves dissolved xylan.
Cortical potentials evoked by epidural stimulation of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord in man

Abstract Scalp somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded after electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in humans. Stimulating electrodes were placed at different vertebral levels of the epidural space over the midline of the posterior aspect of the spinal cord. The wave form of the response differed according to the level of the stimulating epidural electrodes. Cervical stimulation elicited an SEP very similar to that produced by stimulation of upper extremity nerves, e.g., bilateral median nerve SEP, but with a shorter latency. Epidural stimulation of the lower thoracic cord elicited an SEP similar to that produced by stimulation of lower extremity nerves. The results of upper thoracic stimulation appeared as a mixed upper and lower extremity type of SEP. The overall amplitudes of SEPs elicited by the epidural stimulation were higher than SEPs elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation. In 4 patients the CV along the spinal cord was calculated from the difference in latencies of the cortical responses to stimulation at two different vertebral levels. The CVs were in the range of 45–65 m/sec. The method was shown to be promising for future study of spinal cord dysfunctions.
Effects of Information on Patient Stereotyping

The influence of information on nurse attitudes and behavior toward a member of a stereotyped group was investigated. Responsibility for the decision to be childless and the intelligence of the person making that decision were manipulated. Student nurses individually interacted with a hypothetical, childless, female patient, presented via audiotape, who was about to undergo surgery for sterilization. The patient was described (a) as seeking sterilization either voluntarily or because of medical necessity, and (b) as either retarded or not classified intellectually. It was hypothesized that the patient who freely chose childlessness would be viewed and treated less positively when thought to be of normal intelligence. When the patient was mildly retarded or seeking sterilization out of medical necessity, however, more positive attitudes and behavior were expected. Both of these hypotheses were supported. The results of this study support the importance of contextual variables on perceptions of patients.
Far-field pattern calculation in body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR–FDTD) method

In this paper, we present a far-field pattern calculation technique in the body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR–FDTD) method. Because the BOR–FDTD solves two- and half-dimensional problems, it has different features from the three-dimensional FDTD method in the far-field pattern calculation. A monopole antenna fed by a coax is used to validate the technique described in this paper. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 47–50, 2001.
Efficient extraction of ginkgolides and bilobalide from Ginkgo biloba leaves.

An efficient and rapid protocol has been developed for extracting ginkgolides and bilobalide (terpene trilactones) from Ginkgo biloba leaves. The procedure takes advantage of the extraordinary stability of the terpene trilactone structure to a variety of chemical treatments, especially oxidation, despite the presence of multiple oxygen functions. The protocol involves boiling the aqueous extract of leaves with dilute hydrogen peroxide, extraction with ethyl acetate, washing with basic solutions, and charcoal filtration to yield an off-white powder, terpene trilactone content 60-70%. It is likely that the hydrogen peroxide treatment degrades the undesired leaf constituents that lead to intense emulsification during extractions. Further reversed-phase chromatography of the extracts with polymeric resins removes the undesirable ginkgolic acids to amounts less than 10 ppm. The extracts are suited for pure terpene trilactone preparation, enrichment of terpene trilactone content in nutraceuticals, and preparations of low-flavonoid/ high-terpene trilactone controls in medicinal studies. The four ginkgolides (ginkgolides A, B, C, J) and bilobalide isolated from the extract were identical in all respects with authentic specimens.
Performance on agile teams: Relating iteration objectives and critical decisions to project management success factors

Context: While project management success factors have long been established via the golden triangle, little is known about how project iteration objectives and critical decisions relate to these success factors. It seems logical that teams' iteration objectives would reflect project management success factors, but this may not always be the case. If not, how are teams' objectives for iterations differing from the golden triangle of project management success factors? Objective: This study identifies iteration objectives and the critical decisions that relate to the golden triangle of project management success factors in agile software development teams working in two-week iterations. Method: The author conducted semi-structured interviews with members across three different agile software development teams using a hybrid of XP and Scrum agile methodologies. Iteration Planning and Retrospective meetings were also observed. Interview data was transcribed, coded and reviewed by the researcher and two independently trained research assistants. Data analysis involved organizing the data to identify iteration objectives and critical decisions to identify whether they relate to project management success factors. Results: Agile teams discussed four categories of iteration objectives: Functionality, Schedule, Quality and Team Satisfaction. Two of these objectives map directly to two aspects of the golden triangle: schedule and quality. The agile teams' critical decisions were also examined to understand the types of decisions the teams would have made differently to ensure success, which resulted in four categories of such decisions: Quality, Dividing Work, Iteration Amendments and Team Satisfaction. Conclusion: This research has contributed to the software development and project management literature by examining iteration objectives on agile teams and how they relate to the golden triangle of project management success factors to see whether these teams incorporate the golden triangle factors in their objectives and whether they include additional objectives in their iterations. What's more, this research identified four critical decisions related to the golden triangle. These findings provide important insight to the continuing effort to better assess project management success, particularly for agile teams.
The effect of stimulus complexity on human cyclofusional response.

Abstract Objective measurement of human cyclofusional response was carried out, using a binocular recording technique. Increasing stimulus complexity was found to result in an increased cyclofusional amplitude. The greater cyclofusional amplitude resulting from increased stimulus complexity is realized by an increased central response, while compensatory eye movements, if they indeed occur, play a minor role. Hence the extent of Panum's fusional areas can no longer be considered constant and their dependence upon stimulus parameters should be recognized.
The Sliding and Rolling of a Cylinder at the Nano-Scale

The behavior of a nano-scale cylindrical body (e.g. a fiber), lying on a substrate and acted upon by a combination of normal and tangential forces, is the subject of this investigation. As the scale decreases to the nano level, adhesion becomes an important issue in this contact problem. Thus this investigation treats the two-dimensional plane strain elastic deformation of both the cylinder and the substrate during a rolling/sliding motion, including the effect of adhesion using the Maugis model. For the initiation of sliding, the Mindlin approach is used, whereas for rolling, the Carter approach is utilized. Each case is modified for nano-scale effects by including the effect of adhesion on the contact area and by using the adhesion theory of friction for the friction stress. Analytical results are given for the normal and tangential loading problems, including the initiation of sliding and rolling in terms of dimensionless quantities representing adhesion, cylinder size, and applied forces.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Generation and Regulation of Developing Immortalized Neural Cell Lines

Abstract The genetic and environmental signals that regulate progressive lineage elaboration in the mammalian brain are poorly understood. In addition, characterization of the developmental profiles of early central nervous system (CNS) stem/progenitor cells and analysis of the mechanisms involved in their clonal expansion, lineage restriction, and cellular maturation have been fragmentary and elusive. These seminal neurodevelopmental issues have been examined using a series of clonally derived neural stem/progenitor cell lines established by retroviral transduction of embryonic (E16.5–E17.5) murine hippocampal and cerebellar cells using temperature-sensitive alleles (A58/U19) of the simian virus (SV) 40 large tumor (T) antigen. Under conditions permissive for T-antigen expression (33°C), single neural stem cells exhibited self-renewal, clonal expansion, and both symmetric and asymmetric modes of cell division. By contrast, at the nonpermissive temperature for T-antigen expression (39°C), specific sets of cytokines potentiated the progressive elaboration of neuronal, oligodendroglial, and astroglial lineage species. These observations demonstrate that a spectrum of genetic and epigenetic signals and distinct cellular processes are involved in orchestrating the evolution of individual neural lineages from regional CNS stem/progenitor species. Further, the availability of conditionally immortalized neural cell lines that can be transplanted back into the mammalian brain may represent an important experimental resource for the detailed characterization of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the developmental sculpting, plasticity, and regeneration of the mammalian CNS.
A Positively Temperature-Responsive, Substrate-Selective Ag Nanoreactor

An original Ag nanoreactor capable of positively temperature-responsive and substrate-selective catalysis was prepared in this study. This nanoreactor was made of Ag nanoparticles encapsulated in a 4-nitrophenol (NP)-imprinted polymer matrix that exhibited a temperature-sensitive interpolymer interaction between poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and (2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS). At relatively low temperatures (such as 20 °C), this nanoreactor did not demonstrate significant NP-selective catalysis due to the interpolymer complexation between PAAm and PAMPS, which caused shrinking in the imprinted networks. Conversely, at relatively high temperatures (such as 40 °C), this nanoreactor provided significant NP-selective catalysis resulting from the dissociation of the interpolymer complexes between PAAm and PAMPS. Unlike traditional Ag nanoreactors, which lack positively temperature-responsive catalysis or substrate-selective ability, this unique nanoreactor employed both the imprinting of the sub...
Developments in Child Psychology from the 1960s to the 1990s

Abstract Although early 20th-century academic psychologists studied and theorized about child development, this field was usually institutionalized in departments of home economics and education rather than psychology and it came to be largely descriptive rather than theoretical. Physical growth, hygiene, and IQ were major topics, and learning and memory were studied more often as educational than psychological topics. The emergence of "experimental child psychology" beginning in the mid-l950s led to the return of child development to psychology and to the emergence of child cognitive psychology in the 1960s and the 1970s. One consequence was that child psychology became more and more theoretical and less and less practical during the 1960s and 1970s. The emergence of life-span developmental psychology around 1970 led to increased communication between child psychologists and gerontologists, but with much "cultural lag" both ways. Practical or everyday problem solving began to be strongly emphasized in research and theory on cognitive aging in the 1980s and it has been reemerging in child psychology, along with increased interest in other practical and public policy issues. The article ends with predictions about developments in the next 30 years.
Malignant mixed tumor of the gallbladder. Report of two cases and a review of the literature

Two cases of malignant mixed tumor of the gallbladder are reported. The histology of both revealed malignant mesenchymal elements (chondroid, osteoid, fibrous) admixed with adenocarcinoma. One patients had widespread disease and died three days following diagnosis. The second patient had tumor limited to the gallbladder and is alive with no evidence of disease 31 months following cholecystectomy. Only three other such tumors are reported in the English literature. Analysis of these cases indicates that the behavior and etiology of malignant mixed tumors may be similar to that of carcinomas of the gallbladder.
Advanced model of nitric oxide formation in hypersonic flows

A model for nitric oxide (NO) formation in low-density hypersonic e ows is presented. The thermal nonequilibrium reaction rates, reactant energy removal rates, and product energy disposal rates are based on a quasiclassical trajectory analysis of the Zeldovich reactions. At hypersonic e ow conditions, the newly obtained reaction rate for the second Zeldovich reaction is approximately an order of magnitude larger than the commonly used rate. The rate of this reaction is a weak function of the reactant internal energy, but it produces vibrationally excited NO molecules that result in an elevated NO vibrational temperature. A e owe eld model that includes these effects is proposed, and a computational e uid dynamics method is used to simulate the BSUV1 and BSUV2 e ight experiments. The new model generally improves the agreement with the spectrally resolved radiation data; however, it appears that there are additional mechanisms that preferentially remove the highly excited NO molecules.
The Value of Physical Attractiveness in Romantic Partners: Modeling Biological and Social Variables

According to research on physical attractiveness, personal attributes such as gender, height, and self-perception are important in determining how much individuals value physical attractiveness in their romantic partners. In a survey of 228 college-aged participants, the ratings of the physical attractiveness of potential romantic partners were positively correlated with how much participants valued physical attractiveness in their long-term romantic partners. Individuals' partner preferences may be sensitive to their perceptions of themselves. Perceptions of the attractiveness of those in one's local area may also play a part in the development of such partner preferences through exposure.
Use of metabolic inhibitors to investigate the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers and non-dimer DNA damages induced in human and ICR 2A frog cells by solar ultraviolet radiation.

— ICR 2A frog and normal human skin fibroblasts were exposed to either 5 J/m2 of 254 nm UV or 50 kJ/m2 of the Mylar-filtered solar UV wavelengths produced by a fluorescent sunlamp. Following these approximately equitoxic treatments, cells were incubated in medium containing the DNA synthesis inhibitors hydroxyurea (HU) and 1–β-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara C) for 0–20 min (human fibroblasts) or 0–4 h (frog cells) to accumulate DNA breaks resulting from enzymatic incision during excision repair. It was found that breaks were formed in human cells at about a 200-f-old higher rate compared with the ICR 2A cells indicating a relatively low capacity for excision repair in the frog cells. In addition, the rate of DNA break formation in solar UV-irradiated cells was only one-third of the level detected in 254 nm-irradiated cells. This result is consistent with the conclusion that the pathway(s) involved in the repair of solar UV-induced DNA damages differs from the repair of lesions produced in cells exposed to 254 nm UV.
A transferability study of model parameters for the variable infiltration capacity land surface scheme

[1] In this paper, a framework for transferring model parameters from data-rich areas to data-sparse areas is presented. The study shows that there are two critical steps for the success of transferring model parameters in general. The first is to effectively classify basic available data into clusters, and the second is to establish nonlinear relationships between model parameters and the classified basic available data. The framework for transferring model parameters is illustrated with the b-parameter of the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model. The b-parameter, which controls the shape of spatial distribution of soil moisture capacity for a study area, usually cannot be directly measured. At present, the VIC b-parameter is generally estimated through model calibration, which is not feasible for applications of regional climate and general circulation model studies because of limited observations. Therefore, to transfer the b-parameter from data-rich to data-sparse areas, an effective approach for estimating the b-parameter for the data-rich areas is necessary. In this paper, we present an alternative approach to estimate the b-parameter values using the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. The methodology of transferring the VIC b-parameter from data-rich areas to data-sparse areas combines a self-organizing map neural network with a K-means clustering method to classify soil data based on soil characteristics. A supervised neural network using a Bayesian regularization method is then developed to describe the nonlinear relationships between the VIC b-parameter and the statistics of soil properties. The framework is tested using soil data from Arkansas, California, Oklahoma, and Texas with encouraging results. A case study at the Illinois River watershed near Watts is carried out to evaluate the impact of the presented parameter transferability framework on model performance. The initial result shows that the b-parameter estimated from the proposed transferability framework provides reasonable model-simulated streamflows when compared to the observations.
Orientation and molecular orbital dependences in electronic relaxation collisions studied through van der Waals complexes

The orientation dependence in the spin changing collisions C 2 H 2 O 2 (S 1 )+AryieldsC 2 H 2 O 2 (T 1 )+Ar and C 2 H 2 (S 1 )+AryieldsC 2 H 2 (T)+Ar has been examined by time-resolved laser induced fluorescence studies of the intersystem crossing rates in the C 2 H 2 O 2 -Ar and C 2 H 2 -Ar complexes with different isomeric structures. It was found that when Ar interacts primarily with the n(O) orbital the S 1 yieldsT 1 transition rate is about two orders of magnitude faster than that induced by Ar interacting primarily with the (pi) * (CO) orbital. On the other hand, the studies in acetylene show that the Ar induced intersystem crossing rate is nearly identical for both the (pi) and (pi) * orbitals.
Positive organizational practice and resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review premises of positive organizational scholarship.Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at positive organizational scholarship and presents design experiments to test positive practices.Findings – The paper finds that, in theory, it is possible to improve the atmosphere in a workplace.Practical implications – The paper highlights the need to be aware of how easy it is to “tip” the atmosphere of an organization from positive to negative, and vice versa.Originality/value – The paper provides useful information on positive organizational scholarship.
Boron neutron capture (BNC): a mechanism for enhancing tumor cell kill in fast neutron radiotherapy

At therapeutic doses fast neutron radiotherapy alone gives significant tumor control can result in a significant increase in tumor control probability. As a fast neutron beam penetrates tissue it is partially moderated producing a cloud of thermalized neutrons. We describe measurements of this thermalized component using the therapy beam at the University of Washington and show how it is possible to increase its magnitude without appreciable degradation of the other clinical properties of the beam. We describe model calculation of the radiobiological effects of a boron neutron capture boost as well as in vitro cell culture measurements on the V-79 cell line, in vivo experiments on the 36B10 rat glioma system, and a preliminary experiment on a human melanoma nodule test system. Plans to extend this work to clinically-relevant tumor systems are discussed.
Psychotherapy supervision in small leader-led groups

Small leader-led supervision groups can be used very effectively to supervise individual and couple psychotherapy. Although group supervision cannot cover adequately a clinician's entire psychotherapy caseload, this format offers important case-related and therapist-related advantages over individual supervision. The role of the leader is crucial to the success of supervision groups. Leadership functions connected with the maintenance of the group contract establish a safe learning environment, insure group survival, and permit the group to make maximal use of its members. A number of examples illustrate both the importance of group process in supervision groups and the ways in which members learn from the group experience as well as from their case presentations.
Going to the Bathroom in Japan.

This article discusses the dilemma of discipline in the classroom of a Japanese women's university, from the point of view of an American professor whose assumptions about one particular behavior, leaving class in order to go to the bathroom, differ from those of his students.
The effect of lignocaine on PHA-stimulated human lymphocyte transformation.

The effect of lignocaine on in-vitro phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation was determined by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into nucleic acid. Concentrations of lignocaine within the therapeutic range (1–10 μg/ml) did not significantly inhibit lymphocyte transformation. Significant inhibition was observed with 50 and 100 μg/ml concentrations of lignocaine (P
Residual dipolar coupling TOCSY for direct through space correlations of base protons and phosphorus nuclei in RNA.

Established residual dipolar coupling measurements in partially aligned molecules report on the relative orientation of 1H-15N and 1H-13C bond vectors of known lengths with respect to the molecular alignment tensor,1 and are increasingly used in the structure determination of oligonucleotides by NMR.2 Recently, methods for the measurement of homonuclear 1H-1H through space dipolar couplings in anisotropic media were introduced.3 In addition, homonuclear TOCSY sequences can be used to transfer magnetization through dipolar couplings between protons that are not scalar coupled.4 Here we extend the observation of dipolar couplings in partially aligned molecules to heteronuclear through space interactions, specifically 1H-31P residual dipolar couplings, which directly link the phosphate backbone and base protons in oligonucleotides. We introduce the RADAR-TOCSY (residual dipolar coupling total correlation spectroscopy) experiment for the direct observation of through space heteronuclear dipolar couplings in weakly aligned molecules. In analogy to the indirect scalar spin-spin coupling interaction ĤJ, the dipolar coupling interaction between a given pair of unlike spin-/2 nuclei I,S is expressed by the dipolar Hamiltonian ĤD
Sumatriptan for Headache Caused by Head and Neck Cancer

The use of sumatriptan for the treatment of migraine and cluster headache is well established. Sumatriptan has also been reported to be effective for the treatment of postdural puncture headache, postictal headache, and headache related to intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. We report two patients with headache caused by locally invasive head and neck cancer relieved by oral sumatriptan.
Superantigen activation and kinetics of cytokines in the Long-Evans rat.

This study was conducted to identify and quantify, over time, selected cytokine responses in Long-Evans rats that were exposed to staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). The kinetics of selected cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)] and phenotype and cell cycle analysis of T lymphocytes were determined in Long-Evans rats administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of either 50 microg or 500 microg of SEB. Rats injected with 50 microg SEB had significantly elevated levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma in their serum 2 hr post-injection. IL-2 serum levels were significantly elevated at 2 hr and returned to near control values by 12 hr while both IL-6 and IFN-gamma peaked at 6 hr but remained significantly increased at 24 hr post SEB exposure. A 500 microg dose of SEB did not further enhance these cytokine responses. When spleen cells were collected for culture 2 hr after rats were injected i.p. with 50 microg SEB and cocultured with SEB, TNF and IL-6 levels were significantly increased after 2 hr incubation, while IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly elevated at 6 hr. Production of all these cytokines in spleen cell cultures continued to increase over the 24 hr sampled. Peritoneal cells were collected for culture either at 1 hr or 2 hr after injection of either 50 microg or 500 microg of SEB. IL-6 was significantly increased after 1 hr in culture while TNF was significantly increased by 2 hr regardless of whether the cells were harvested 1 or 2 hr after SEB injection. The greatest response for both IL-6 and TNF occurred when cells from animals injected with 50 microg SEB were restimulated in vitro with SEB. The peak levels for IL-6 were at 12 hr post SEB exposure while TNF peaked at 6 hr. The percentage of CD4+ cells was significantly increased at 48 hr and 72 hr post SEB (50 microg) administration while the percentage of CD8+ cells remained similar to control values for the 168-hr test period. A similar pattern was observed in cell cycling where the CD4+ cells proliferated up to 2 days post SEB injection and then were significantly suppressed at day 3. The CD8+ cells were comparable to control values. These studies demonstrate that the cytokine responses in Long-Evans rats exposed to a superantigen are somewhat similar to those that occur in mice and humans, e.g. a rapid short increase in the production of IFN-gamma and TNF that was accompanied by an increase in the production of IL-2. Additional responses noted in this species, however, were a marked increase in IL-6 production, as well as an early increase in the number and cycling of CD4+ cells followed by a down-regulation of these events. These activities occurred in the absence of notable histopathological alteration of lymphoid organs. The results indicate that the Long-Evans rat is an acceptable animal model to investigate the pathogenesis of superantigen-induced disease and that IL-6 may be an active mediator of this process.
Ab initio free energy of vacancy formation and mass-action kinetics in vis-active TiO2

Recent reports have identified bulk defects such as oxygen vacancies as key players in visible-light photoactive TiO2. This would imply greater visible light absorption rates may be possible provided effective defect engineering can be achieved. To further this we have developed methods to simulate vacancy formation in bulk TiO2 using ab initio techniques. Initial results of these methods show an entropic reduction in the free energy of vacancy formation of 2.3 eV over a range of 266 K. The use of this result is illustrated by a 'toy' mass-action kinetics model which offers insight into vacancy concentration, rate constants, and enthalpy of reaction.
Review of Perspectives on American Government: Readings in Political Development and Institutional Change

Jillson and Robertson (JR) have produced an important new addition to the market of American government “readers.” Like others, Perspectives presents a set of primary and secondary sources—speeches...
Ace inhibitors do not induce recombinant human erythropoietin resistance in hemodialysis patients

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may exacerbate anemia in patients with chronic renal failure, as well as in dialysis patients. To better answer this question, a prospective, crossover study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ACE inhibitors on recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) requirements in hemodialysis patients. Patients administered an ACE inhibitor when entering the study remained on this drug for the initial 4 months and were then switched to another antihypertensive agent for 4 more months. Patients not initially administered an ACE inhibitor were switched to lisinopril at 4 months. rHuEPO doses were adjusted using a sliding scale based on weekly laboratory hematocrit values. The inclusion criteria were met by 51 patients undergoing dialysis. Demographics were as follows: 61% were women, 64% were black, 46% had diabetes, average age was 53.2 ± 13.3 years, and time on hemodialysis was 38.0 ± 44.5 months. Thirty-three patients completed the study. Hematocrit averaged 32.7% ± 1.9% while on ACE inhibitor therapy and 33.1% ± 2.1% off ACE inhibitor therapy ( P = 0.217). There was no difference in rHuEPO dose per treatment during each period (3,500 ± 1,549 U on ACE inhibitor therapy versus 3,312 ± 1,492 U off ACE inhibitor therapy; P = 0.300). No significant differences were found in degree of blood pressure control or various clinical and laboratory parameters that might be associated with rHuEPO resistance between the two periods. Similarly, no differences were found in hospitalization days, duration of infections, or transfusion requirements. These findings suggest that ACE inhibitors do not contribute to rHuEPO resistance in hemodialysis patients.
P‐55: A Tacky Photopolymer for Dry Phosphor Screening of Emissive Displays

A dry phosphor screening process for emissive displays using DuPont's Tacky Dot® technology was developed and investigated. The photopolymer may be adhered to various substrates and patterned by polymerization through UV exposure. Then phosphor particles are loaded onto these patterns. The photopolymer's deposition, adhesion, and decomposition properties have been evaluated.
Fractionation of petroleum pitch with supercritical toluene

Abstract The phase behavior of mixtures of toluene with petroleum pitches has been measured using an equilibrium flow apparatus capable of operating at temperatures up to 400 °C and pressures as high as 350 bar. Phase equilibrium data are presented for a feed mixture of Ashland A-240 pitch and toluene (approximately 66 wt % toluene) at temperatures of approximately 320, 360, and 400 °C. These measurements and gel-permeation chromatograms of the extracted pitch show that supercritical fluid extraction is effective in producing pitch fractions with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. Several of the pitch fractions have been analytically characterized using vapor pressure osmometry, proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The results are summarized in terms of average molecular structures for each of the pitch fractions.
Rippled wall mode converters for circular waveguide

We present the general theory of rippled wall mode converters. Coupling coefficients for TE and TM waves, of both fixed and rotating polarizations, are calculated. The waveguide ripples considered may be axisymmetric, fluted or helical. We describe in detail a 97% efficient TE04/TE01 converter designed for use with a 35 GHz gyrotron. Cold test results confirm its performance.
An explicative model of theory testing

The official view of theory testing in the philosophy of science, the deductive model, does not reflect the way ambiguous, vague and ill formulated theories are tested. A new model of theory testing, the explicative model, is outlined which reflects how such theories are tested. This model is illustrated in the actual testing of psychoanalysis, a typical case of an ambiguous, vague and ill formulated theory and is contrasted with Kuhn's notion of the articulation of a paradigm.
The mutagenicity of diesel-exhaust particle extracts collected under smog-chamber conditions using the Salmonella typhimurium test system.

This study was designed to detect the effect that different environmental conditions have upon diesel-exhaust organics. In this study, diesel exhaust was injected into the Calspan smog chamber under different conditions, and the resulting particles were collected upon Pallflex glass-fiber filters. After extraction from the particles with methylene chloride, the organics were solvent exchanged to dimethyl sulfoxide and tested in the Salmonella typhimurium plate-incorporation test. Results demonstrate that the irradiation of propylene, SO2, NO and NO2 produces ozone and a mutagenic moiety. Unless another mitigating factor (e.g., ozone) was present or formed, irradiation did not alter the mutagenic response of the organics. The production or injection of ozone into chamber tended to reduce the mutagenic response of the collected organics. In summary, this study demonstrates that ambient conditions can alter the mutagenic response of diesel-exhaust organics.
How do I marry thee? Let me count the ways

Abstract A stable marriage problem of size 2n is constructed which contains 0(2”$) stable match- ings. This construction provides a new lower bound on the maximum number of stable matchings for problems of even size and is comparable to a known lower bound when the size is a power of 2. The method of construction makes use of special properties of the latin marriage problem, which we develop. 1. Introduction The stable marriage problem consists of n men and n women who are to be matched up into married couples. Each man ranks the women from most desirable to least desirable, and each woman does the same for the men. A matching is said to be unstable if there exists a man and woman who prefer each other to the partners they have been assigned. If no such people exist, the matching is said to be stable. In [2], Gale and Shapley proved that a stable matching always exists, but it need not be unique. The problem of determing the maximum number of possible stable matchings among all stable marriage problems of size n was posed by Knuth [S] and remains an open question. As reported in [3], Knuth established that this maximum number exceeds 2”12 for
Rate of Glycolate Formation During Photosynthesis at High pH.

The products of C(14)O(2) fixation by Chlamydomonas and Chlorella were studied under conditions most favorable for glycolate synthesis. The highest percentage of the C(14) was incorporated into glycolate in the pH range of 8 to 9. After 1 to 2 minutes as much as 40% of the C(14) was found in glycolate products and only a trace of C(14) was present as phosphoglycerate. Below pH 8 the rate of photosynthesis was much faster, but only a small percent of the C(14) was incorporated into glycolate in 1 or 2 minutes, while a high percent of the C(14) accumulated in phosphoglycerate. C(14) labeling of glycolate even at pH 8 or above did not occur at times shorter than 10 seconds. During the first seconds of photosynthesis, nearly all of the C(14) was found in phosphoglycerate and sugar phosphates. Thus glycolate appears to be formed after the phosphate esters of the photosynthetic carbon cycle.Washing Chlamydomonas with water 2 or 3 times resulted in the loss of most of their free phosphate. When a small aliquot of NaHC(14)O(3) was added to washed algae in the absence of this buffering capacity, the pH of the algal medium became 8 or above and much of the fixed C(14) accumulated in glycolate.
Ureteral Entrapment in the Sacroiliac Joint in Pelvic Trauma

We describe a case of unilateral entrapment of the ureter in the sacroiliac joint of a patient who sustained blunt abdominal trauma resulting in fractures of the public rami and sacroiliac joint and multiple bladder perforations. The entrapment was discovered intraoperatively and released by external traction and reduction of the pelvic fractures. No ureteric damage was observed, and reimplantation was not necessary. The importance of evaluating the upper tracts for potential injury in patients with fractures of the bony pelvis and concomitant bladder rupture is emphasized.
Characterization of pulsed laser-deposited diamond-like carbon films

Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are excellent prospective materials for a wide range of high-technology applications, but their precise structure and properties are not well understood. The purpose of this present work was to use different analytical techniques to characterize the nature, structure and microstructure of DLC films. The pulsed laser-deposition (PLD) technique was used to deposit DLC films on Si(100) and 7059 Corning glass substrates. The deposition was carried out in a high vacuum (≤10−6 Torr) at different temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600 °C. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The films deposited at lower temperatures showed the characteristic features of DLC films and had better hardness and modulus properties compared with the films fabricated at higher temperatures. The results from the various techniques are combined and discussed in the context of developing additional insight into the synthesis–structure–property relationship of these films.
Propagation velocity of perturbations in turbulent channel flow

A database obtained from direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow is analyzed to extract the streamwise component of the propagation velocity V of velocity, vorticity, and pressure fluctuations from their space-time correlations. A surprising result is that V is approximately the same as the local mean velocity for most of the channel, except for the near-wall region. For y(+) less than 15, V is virtually constant, implying that perturbations of all flow variables propagate like waves near the wall. In this region V is 55 percent of the centerline velocity Uc for velocity and vorticity perturbations and 75 percent of U sub c for pressure perturbations. This is equal to U at y(+) = 15 for velocity and vorticity perturbations, and equal to U at y(+) = 20 for pressure perturbations, indicating that the dynamics of the nearwall turbulence is controlled by turbulence structures present near y(+) about 15-20. Scale dependence of V is also examined by analyzing the bandpass-filtered flow fields. This paper contains comprehensive documentation on the propagation velocities, which should prove useful in the evaluation of Taylor's hypothesis.
Evidence for an electrostatic field on penicillin assay plates.

ONE of the effects of penicillin on susceptible bacteria is to cause a change in electrostatic charge which may be measured in terms of potentials, and which it has been suggested may be used quantitatively for assaying solutions of penicillin1,2,3. So early as 1938, Loiseleur4 studied changes that occur in electrostatic charge during proteolysis, such as would be expected during lysis of bacterial cells. Similar changes in charge resulting in development of an electrostatic field can be shown on penicillin assay plates by treatment with electronegative or electropositive colloids suspended in buffers at pH. levels above or below the isoelectric range of the nucleoproteins.