cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximate Subspace Iteration for constructing internally balanced reduced order models of unsteady aerodynamic systems

Internal balancing is a model reduction technique that has been known for many years, and has seen many successful applications. However, the computational cost associated with constructing internally balanced models rises rapidly with the size of the original (unreduced) model, and current methods based on the Schur decomposition cannot take advantage of the matrix sparsity arising from many current analysis techniques such as finite difference, finite volume, and finite element methods. A new technique, called Approximate Subspace Iteration (ASI) has been developed which calculates an approximation to the reduced-order balanced model, while only requiring sparse matrixvector operations. The new procedure makes it feasible to form balanced reduced models of systems that are beyond consideration using current methods. ASI has been applied to several large (up to 10,000 order), sparse dynamic systems based on unsteady aerodynamic models, resulting in model reduction by several orders of magnitude with negligible loss in accuracy. The reduced order models have been applied to simple aeroelastic analyses, and the results using the reduced order models are essentially identical to those using full-order aerodynamics
Measurements of intense ultrafast laser-driven D 3 + fragmentation dynamics

Experiments on the triatomic hydrogen molecular ion in intense ultrashort laser pulses are important for understanding the fundamentals of polyatomic molecular dynamics and for providing a benchmark for theory. Here we extend our earlier measurements [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 103004 (2009)] to provide a comprehensive picture of D${}_{3}$${}^{+}$ fragmentation in 7- and 40-fs, 790-nm laser pulses at intensities up to 10${}^{16}$ W/cm${}^{2}$. Our measurements incorporate two- and three-body coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging involving a crossed-beam setup. We provide details of the relative fragmentation rates of all the possible breakup channels as a function of intensity, as well as kinetic energy release and angular distributions.
CHANGING THE GENE ORDER AND NUMBER IN NATURAL POPULATIONS

In Drosophila melanogaster, Ives (1950) discovered a number of suppressors of crossingover which he assumed to be chromosomal inversions. These supposed inversions were of exceptional interest since they had been produced due to the influence of a gene extracted from a natural population (the high mutation rate gene-hi). This gene increased the rate of gene mutations to ten times that observed in laboratory stocks and produced chromosome inversions at a low but measurable frequency. The author concluded that mutator genes are probably the major cause of spontaneous gene mutations and chromosomal rearrangements in natural populations. (The general significance of mutator genes has long been recognized. See particularly Demerec, 1937; Goldschmidt, 1939; and Neel, 1942.) The probable significance of inversions in evolution was first clearly discussed and demonstrated by Sturtevant and Dobzhansky (1936) and Dobzhansky and Sturtevant (1938). The later work of both of these authors and of others (see Ives, 1947 and 1950, for other references) has both verified and extended the general hypothesis that in Drosophila inversions, which represent alternative gene arrangements upon which natural selection may act, are one of the major kinds of building blocks in the evolution of species. Until the effects of hi became known, almost the only instances of de -novo chromosome aberrations available for study were ones produced by irradiation of a type not believed to be an important part of the natural environment. Thus it is of particular interest to study a series of inversions which arose due to natural causes, since they should be more nearly the kind which have a chance to contribute to the intra-karyotypical diversity of the natural population. The present report is concerned with the findings resulting from a cytogenetic analysis of these chromosomal rearrangements.
Language switching constraints: more than syntax? Data from Media Lengua*

This study investigates the relationship between intra-sentential codeswitching restrictions after subject pronouns, negative elements, and interrogatives and language-specific syntactic structures. Data are presented from two languages that have non-cognate lexicons but share identical phrase structure and syntactic mechanisms and exactly the same grammatical morphemes except for pronouns, negators, and interrogative words. The languages are the Quichua of Imbabura province, Ecuador and Ecuadorian Media Lengua (ML), consisting of Quichua morphosyntax with Spanish-derived lexical roots. Bilingual participants carried out un-timed acceptability judgment and language-identification tasks and concurrent memory-loaded repetition on utterances in Quichua, ML, and various mixtures of Quichua and ML. The acceptability and classification data show a main effect for category of single-word switches (significant differences for lexical vs. interrogative, negative, and for acceptability, pronoun) and repetition data show significant differences between lexical vs. interrogatives and negators. Third-person pronouns (which require an explicit antecedent) also differ significantly from lexical items. Logical-semantic factors may contribute to code-switching restrictions.
Geotagging Tweets Using Their Content.

Harnessing rich, but unstructured information on social networks in real-time and showing it to relevant audience based on its geographic location is a major challenge. The system developed, TwitterTagger, geotags tweets and shows them to users based on their current physical location. Experimental validation shows a performance improvement of three orders by TwitterTagger compared to that of the baseline model.
Skin closure after arthroscopy utilizing a pull-out bow-tie subcuticular suture.

Background suturing techniques employed to close subcuticular surgical incisions are varied. Purpose we present the "bow-tie" stitch, which is removed by pulling one side of the stitch with no need for sharp object stitch cutting. The stitch results in good approximation and scarring while enabling proper oozing. Methods we have used this suture repeatedly for wound closure after hip and knee arthroscopy; its application to other superficial skin closures is easily appreciated. Results this method of skin closure allows for ease of tying for the surgeon, aesthetically pleasing results for the patient, pain-free suture removal, no risk of suture knots becoming embedded in healing tissue, and decreased risk of infection and damage to skin, as instruments are not required for suture removal.
Consuming to Cope: Investigating College Students’ Expressive Suppression as an Indirect Effect of Family Communication and Drinking Context

This study explored relationships between family communication patterns, college students’ expressive suppression, and drinking to cope, aiming to assess whether suppression might represent an indirect effect in the relationship between conformity orientation and drinking to cope. Participants (N = 251) completed an online questionnaire analyzed using CFA and SEM. Results indicated that conformity orientation has a small impact on drinking to cope and that conformity orientation predicts suppression. Specifically, students from protective family types tend to use suppression more and are more likely to drink to cope. Results also demonstrated a small relationship between suppression and drinking to cope. Lastly, college students’ use of suppression acts as an indirect effect in explaining a small part of the association between conformity orientation and drinking to cope.
Timing: How Long and How Often?

Time plays a fundamental part in narrative fiction. The sequential related events of plot imply the passing of imaginary time (what theorists call story time). Narratives take time to tell and receive. Writers create narratives in time, and if the stories of their lives and authorship are recorded, they become part of the non-fiction narrative of literary history. Alternatively, much of what we believe we know of a remote time may be derived from a narrative dated from that period. Genres as well as writers have their times, and very often criticism’s narratives about the rise of a genre or the disappearance of another intersect with history. Readers, too, are rooted in their own cultural times and locations, which in turn affect what fictions they read and, to some extent, the way they read them. Finally, many narratives are set in a particular time, which becomes an intrinsic part of the fiction’s setting.1 Despite these commonsense connections of time and narrative, the ‘time’ discussed by narrative theory has little to do with the ‘time’ of history. When they refer to ‘time’ in narrative, most theorists mean some combination of the temporal unfolding of narrative in the act of reading, the duration of time depicted in the plot, the pace at which the narration relates the events of the plot, and the order or disorder of the events of story time. Narrative theory relies on the conceptual division of story time (the time that transpires in the imaginary story world of the plot) and discourse time (the amount of narration expended on the relation of the story events—really a quantity of pages, though it would have a variable correlate in reading time).
Fetal citizens? Birthright citizenship, reproductive futurism, and the “panic” over Chinese birth tourism in southern California:

In September 2012, residents of Chino Hills, California—a wealthy suburb of Los Angeles—exposed a maternity hotel in their city. Subsequently, controversy erupted as protesting residents argued tha...
Conflict Resolution Strategies for Cooperating Expert Agents

Problem-solving approaches which incorporate specialized cooperating expert agents seem intuitively appropriate for many complex problems. However, integrating diverse expertise requires that the experts have some mechanism for dealing with conflicts that occur during problem-solving. We describe the Cooperating Experts Framework (CEF), a framework developed to support cooperative problem-solving among sets of knowledge-based systems with limited information about each other’s local states. The systems solve subproblems relevant to their specific expertise and integrate their efforts using conflict resolution strategies that are appropriate to the problem solving context. In choosing a strategy CEF makes tradeoffs between the potential quality of a solution, the amount of processing required to apply a strategy, and the effect of local changes on the global solution. We also describe TEAM, a system implemented in the CEF framework, that designs steam condensers.
Dynamic Analysis and Computer-Aided Design of Robot Manipulators

Abstract A computer-aided design method of representing and characterizing manipulator arm dynamics is presented. The inertia ellipsoid, which is used for graphically presenting tbe mass properties of a single rigid body, is extended to a generalized ellipsoid for a series of rigid bodies such as a robot arm. By drawing the Generalized Inertia Ellipsoid (GlE) on a computer display, one can visualize the mass properties and dynamic behaviour of a robot manipulator. This metbod is applied to aid the design of a mechanical arm; tbe dimensions of the arm structure and its mass distribution are optimized on the basis of the evaluation of tbe arm dynamics displayed on a graphics terminal.
The Relationship between Autonomic Variables and P300 in a Habituation Paradigm

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relationship between autonomic variables and P300 in a habituation paradigm. The experimental variables that determine the amplitude of P300 are similar to those that determine the amplitude of the skin conductance response (SCR). P300 and SCR amplitudes are both greater when stimuli are improbable, task relevant and intense. The amplitudes of both decrease over time if the stimuli are not task relevant. These parallels have led to suggestions that P300 be considered part of the orienting response, a complex of reactions with many autonomic and muscular components. P300 as measured here declined only 14% from the first to the last quarter of stimuli, while SCR declined 64%. A similar disproportion occurred in the voice dishabituation trials. Furthermore, the correlation between P260 and SCR amplitudes in single trials is low. This disproportion and lack of correlation could have several explanations. First, the startle response may not be reflected in the evoked potential. Valid indicators of startle may be restricted to other physiological systems.
Is the policy of “no active re-warming in the emergency department” adequate for therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

Objectives The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommend that after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), therapeutic hypothermia is induced “as soon as possible” to maintain core body temperature at 32-34°C for 12-24 hours.[1] Surface or internal cooling techniques are technically challenging in the Emergency Department (ED), instead we have a policy of ‘No active re-warming’ in our department. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of this policy.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment for late-life depression

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a brief psychotherapy stemming from a model that emphasizes the importance of distorted thoughts and the lack of pleasurable activities in the development of affective disorders. The focus of the therapy can be on either eliminating distorted thought systems or increasing the number of pleasant events that occur on a daily basis, or both. The highly structured therapy presents various skills for patients to learn through class exercises and homework assignments. Older adults respond well to cognitive-behavioral therapy, reporting that they appreciate the structure and the opportunity to learn skills that can help when they are confronted with new stresses. Many also like the focus on here-and-now problems rather than the past. A few treatment modifications are necessary to accommodate community elders complaining of depression. Generally, information must be presented more slowly, taking advantage of multiple modes of presentation. To maintain an active learning process, elder patients should be asked frequently to summarize the material being presented. They should also be given handouts of complex materials and encouraged to maintain notebooks. Other modifications may be required for special populations of older patients.
Efficacy of benzoyl peroxide (5.3%) emollient foam and benzoyl peroxide (8%) wash in reducing Propionibacterium acnes on the back.

Background Topical treatment of acne vulgaris on the back is challenging largely due to the extensive broad surface with difficult to reach areas. A "leave-on" foam is suited for application to the trunk due to ease of application and spreadability. Prior to this trial, no data on Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) reduction on the back has existed for any benzoyl peroxide (BP) formulations or other acne treatments. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of BP (5.3%) emollient foam and BP (8%) wash in reducing P. acnes levels on the back. Methods Five-week open-label single-center study of 20 healthy subjects (> 18 years old), colonized with P. acnes on their backs (> 10,000 colonies per cm2). Subjects were treated once daily with BP (5.3%) foam for two weeks; no treatment in week 3, and BP (8%) wash once daily for two further weeks. Quantitative bacteriologic cultures obtained at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. Results Nineteen evaluable patients. Total P. acnes counts were reduced by 1.9 log (one week) and 2.1 log (two weeks) with BP (5.3%) emollient foam. BP (8%) wash did not reduce P. acnes counts after two weeks. Discussion BP (5.3%) emollient foam was superior to BP (8%) wash in reducing P. acnes on the back. The lack of effect of BP (8%) wash is surprising in view of the demonstrated results on the face and warrants further study.
Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching (5th ed.) by Norman E. Gronlund / Classroom Measurement and Evaluation (2nd ed.) by Charles D. Hopkins and Richard L. Antes / Educational Evaluation and Measurement: Competencies for Analysis and Application (2nd ed.) by L.R. Gay / Educational Measurement and Testing by William Wiersma and Stephen G. Jurs / Psychological Testing and Assessment (5th ed.) by Lewis R. Aiken

(1986). Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching (5th ed.) by Norman E. Gronlund / Classroom Measurement and Evaluation (2nd ed.) by Charles D. Hopkins and Richard L. Antes / Educational Evaluation and Measurement: Competencies for Analysis and Application (2nd ed.) by L.R. Gay / Educational Measurement and Testing by William Wiersma and Stephen G. Jurs / Psychological Testing and Assessment (5th ed.) by Lewis R. Aiken. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 157-159.
A Simple Approximation of the Meta Distribution for Non-Poisson Cellular Networks

Recently a new fundamental performance metric, called the meta distribution of the signal-to- interference ratio (SIR), has been proposed for cellular networks. Compared to the standard success (coverage) probability, the meta distribution provides much more fine-grained information about the network performance. In this paper, we consider general (non-Poisson) network models. However, the exact analysis of non-Poisson network models is notoriously difficult, even in terms of the standard success probability, let alone the meta distribution. Hence we propose a simple approach to approximate the meta distribution for non-Poisson networks, which is based on the ASAPPP ("approximate SIR analysis based on the Poisson point process") method. For a stationary and ergodic point process model, we prove that the asymptotic horizontal gap $G_0$ between its standard success probability and that of the Poisson point process exactly characterizes the gap between the $b$th moment of the conditional success probability, as the SIR threshold goes to 0. Using detailed simulations, we confirm that the meta distribution of an arbitrary stationary and ergodic point process can be approximated by applying the horizontal shift of $G_0$ to the meta distribution of the Poisson point process.
Opinion: Soil carbon sequestration is an elusive climate mitigation tool

The need to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentrations of the atmosphere is the great environmental challenge of this century. To control these concentrations, humanity can reduce fossil fuel emissions and/or identify mechanisms to remove greenhouse gases once they have been emitted. The scope of the problem is challenging because of the size of the fluxes involved. Presently, industry, transportation, and domestic use emits nearly 10 Gt C to the atmosphere annually, and there is no immediate hope for a drastic reversal of these rates of emission (1). Thus, sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide as organic carbon in the biosphere attracts attention as an alternate way to help stem the rate of greenhouse gas growth and associated changes in our climate. Some soil researchers have suggested that altered agricultural techniques can help restore much carbon to domesticated soils, thus helping mitigate climate change. But cultural and scientific challenges suggest that this proposition is overly optimistic and inherently flawed. Image courtesy of ScienceSource/Jerry Irwin. For nearly 2 decades, researchers in the soil science community have studied and estimated the potential of sequestering carbon in soil organic matter (2, 3). The premise is inherently rational: nearly 10,000 years of cultivated agriculture has reduced global soil carbon by 116 Gt (4), an amount equivalent to more than a decade of the present rates of industrial emissions. Through changed agricultural techniques, it is proposed, much of this carbon can be restored to domesticated soils and thus serve as a significant tool to mitigate climate change, providing a wider timeframe for society to decarbonize. Unfortunately, both cultural and scientific challenges suggest that this proposal is overly optimistic and inherently flawed. Nevertheless, this long and relatively well-funded (5) area of research recently gained novel international exposure because of the unveiling of the French “4 per mille” … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: earthy{at}berkeley.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
MODEST ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH FAVORABLE FINDINGS ON ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

The effects of modest alcohol consumption on cardiovascular structure and function remains unclear. We hypothesized that modest alcohol consumption would be associated with no changes in comparison to non-drinkers. We examined 7,163 individuals undergoing echocardiography and compared findings
Dietary Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin Change Brain Activation in Older Adult Participants: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Scope Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) can be used to test the topological response of cortical neurons. Studies have shown that a lutein (L) preferentially accumulates within cortical tissue. L, zeaxanthin (Z), and their isomers can be measured directly in retina (macular pigment optical density, MPOD), and retinal L+Z correlate highly with L+Z levels in cortical visual processing areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between MPOD and SSVEP signal power, cross-sectionally and after supplementation with L+Z. Methods and results SSVEP to three different driving frequencies of stimulation (5, 10, and 16.6 Hz) were obtained for community-dwelling older adults, at baseline and after 12 months of supplementation with either 12 mg L+Z or placebo. Power was quantified at the driving frequencies. Non-specific activation was quantified within the 10-15 Hz band. MPOD was measured psychophysically. Subjects with low MPOD had reduced power at 16.6 Hz and reduced non-specific activation, compared with subjects with high MPOD. Supplementation significantly improved signal power at 5 and 10 Hz. Conclusion Past research suggests that L+Z can improve visual memory, visual processing speeds, etc. One possible mechanism for that improvement may be improving signal-to-noise ratio throughout the vision system.
A deep neural network model for packing density predictions and its application in the study of 1.5 million organic molecules

The process of developing new compounds and materials is increasingly driven by computational modeling and simulation, which allow us to characterize candidates before pursuing them in the laboratory. One of the non-trivial properties of interest for organic materials is their packing in the bulk, which is highly dependent on their molecular structure. By controlling the latter, we can realize materials with a desired density (as well as other target properties). Molecular dynamics simulations are a popular and reasonably accurate way to compute the bulk density of molecules, however, since these calculations are computationally intensive, they are not a practically viable option for high-throughput screening studies that assess material candidates on a massive scale. In this work, we employ machine learning to develop a data-derived prediction model that is an alternative to physics-based simulations, and we utilize it for the hyperscreening of 1.5 million small organic molecules as well as to gain insights into the relationship between structural makeup and packing density. We also use this study to analyze the learning curve of the employed neural network approach and gain empirical data on the dependence of model performance and training data size, which will inform future investigations.
Validity of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sexual Interest and Satisfaction Measures in Men Following Radical Prostatectomy.

PURPOSEPatient-reported outcomes after radical prostatectomy have focused on erectile function. To date, no studies have validated the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMI...
Rural Public Library Outreach Services and Elder Users: A Case Study of the Washington County (VA) Public Library

Outreach services provided by rural public libraries are crucial to fulfilling their mission to provide information access to the widest array of user groups. Particular socioeconomic and geographi...
Three-dimensional echocardiography: In-vitro validation of a new, voxel-based method for rapid quantification of ventricular volume in normal and aneurysmal left ventricles

Background: Previous approaches to ventricular volume calculations by 3-dimensional echocardiography (3-DE) required multiple transverse tomographic sectioning and summation of the volumes of parallel disks. These methods were time consuming and beared the risk of missing the apical volume. Methods: We investigated the accuracy of a new, rapid method of 3-DE volume measurements in normal (LV) and aneurysmal (aneurLV) left ventricles in fixed pig hearts. 3-D data sets of 12 LV and 8 experimentally created aneurLV were obtained using a TomTec 3-DE system. For 3-DE volume calculations, a rotational axis in the center of the left ventricle (apical–basal orientation) was defined and 3, 6 and 12 equi-angular rotational planes were created. In each plane the endocardial border was traced and the volume of the corresponding wedge was automatically calculated. The measurements were performed by 2 independent investigators blinded to the anatomic volume and were analyzed for inter- and intraobserver variability. Results: The anatomic volumes ranged from 5 to 150 ml and 9 to 40 ml in LV and aneurLV, respectively. The correlation between 3-DE and anatomic volume was excellent for LV and aneurLV traced in 3, 6 and 12 planes (r = 0.94–0.99). Ventricular volume was well predicted by 3-DE reconstruction: SEE 5.5–7.1 ml (LV), 3.0–3.2 ml (aneurLV). The correlation for interobserver measurements was good in both, LV (r = 0.99) and aneurLV (r = 0.94–0.99) even in 3 planes. The intra- and interobserver variabilities were 1.6–3.0 ml (<7%) and 7.2–7.3 ml (<15%) in LV and 1.1–1.6 (<6%) and 2.1–3.3 ml (<14%) in aneurLV respectively. Conclusion: This new 3-DE method of ventricular volume measurements using a rotational approach provides rapid, accurate and reproducible volume measurements in LV and aneurLV.
Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with High‐Risk MDS and AML Receiving Hypomethylating Agents

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a significant source of morbidity and mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Given the heterogeneity of the population receiving hypomethylating agents (HMA), it is difficult for clinicians to accurately assess their patients' risk of infection. Literature on the incidence of IFI following HMA is limited to several studies of azacitidine. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to establish the incidence of IFI in HMA treated AML/MDS patients at a large U.S. comprehensive cancer center. Secondary objectives included comparing incidence of IFI among pre-specified subgroups to identify potential risk factors for IFI. Two hundred three patients with AML, intermediate to very high risk MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who received at least two cycles of HMA were included. The incidence of IFI, as defined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer / Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group criteria, was 9.6%, with 20 IFI diagnosed following HMA (three proven, four probable, 13 possible). Among the proven cases of IFI, molds included Scedosporium and Fusarium spp. Eleven patients who developed IFIs were neutropenic upon initiating HMA. The majority (17/20) of infections occurred during the first four cycles. Given this incidence, mold-active prophylaxis can be considered in patients who are neutropenic at the start of therapy.
Operative Fixation of Hip Fractures in Nonagenarians: Is It Safe?

Abstract Background With the shift in hip fracture epidemiology toward older individuals as well as the shift in demographics toward nonagenarians, it is important to understand the outcomes of treatment for these patients. Methods Geriatric patients (≥65 years old) who underwent surgery for hip fracture were identified in the 2005-2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and stratified into 2 age groups: Results This study included 51,327 .05). In fact, increased time to surgery in nonagenarians was associated with lower risk of 30-day mortality (RR = 0.90, P = .048). Conclusion Overall complication risk after hip fracture fixation in nonagenarians remains relatively low but higher than their younger counterparts. Interestingly, since time to surgery was not associated with adverse outcomes in nonagenarians, the commonly accepted 48-hour operative window may not be critical to this population. Additional time for preoperative medical optimization in this vulnerable population appears prudent.
Examination of the relationship between affect, values, and physical activity among cancer survivors

Abstract Cancer survivors are more at risk for physical and psychological health problems than the general population. Regular aerobic physical activity can mitigate these risks, but survivors frequently fail to engage in recommended levels of physical activity. In the present study, we propose and test a moderated-mediation model of physical activity of cancer survivors based on contextual behavioral models. First, we predict that value-based motivation is a determinant of greater aerobic physical activity in cancer survivors. Second, integrating contextual behavioral theory with recent health behavior studies, we predict that affective associations with physical activity statistically mediate the relationship between value-based motivation and physical activity. Finally, we predict that internal barriers (e.g., psychological inflexibility) that impede survivors’ ability to engage in physical activity moderate the link between affective associations and physical activity. To test these predictions, 108 cancer survivors completed self-report measures assessing value-based motivation, affective associations with physical activity, psychological inflexibility, and physical activity in a cross-sectional study. The results supported the moderated-mediation model. Specifically, value-based motivation significantly predicted physical activity estimates and positive affective associations statistically mediated this relationship. Further, the link between affective associations and physical activity estimates was moderated by psychological inflexibility. This initial study provides insights into the variables and processes involved in the engagement of aerobic physical activity in cancer survivors and suggests the relevance of acceptance-based behavioral treatments for this population.
Refractive enhancements for residual refractive error after cataract surgery.

Purpose of review Advances in cataract surgery have allowed surgeons to achieve superior refractive outcomes but have also led to higher patient expectations. Despite ever-evolving technology, residual refractive errors still occur. Postcataract refractive enhancements may be required to deliver satisfactory visual outcomes. This review aims to discuss the potential causes of residual refractive errors and the various enhancement modalities to correct them. Recent findings A thorough preoperative workup to detect and address underlying pathologic causes of impaired vision should be performed prior to enhancement or corrective procedures. Corneal-based procedures are the safest and most accurate methods of correcting mild cases of residual refractive error. Hyperopic, high myopic, and high astigmatic errors are best managed with lens-based enhancements. Piggyback intraocular lenses (IOLs) are safer and more effective compared with IOL exchange. Toric IOL rotation and IOL exchange are ideally performed in the early postoperative period. Summary A multitude of options exist for effective correction of residual refractive errors. The choice on how to best manage these patients depends on many factors such as the cause of refractive error, type of IOL used, ocular comorbidities, and patient preference.
Using Deep Learning to Identify Multilingual Music Genres

Automatic genre classification is a widely explored topic nowadays. It is an important task as the quantity of music released is sky-rocket. A survey says that alone Spotify releases about ten thousand songs a month. At the same time, users developed a taste of listening to music of different languages. Hence, it is very crucial to maintain a data base that can automatically classify songs of any language based on their genres. This project attempts to utilize a deep learning convolutional neural network technique to identify the genre of a song from twelve different languages all over the world. This project utilized a data base of sixty songs and mainly classified them into three genres: metal, hip hop, and pop. Each song is trimmed to be exactly five seconds long, and each five second "slice" is converted into a spectrogram, a visual representation of a song’s spectrum in the time domain. These spectrograms are divided into training and testing dataset. 75% of the data set is used for training and 25% is used for testing. A tensor flow deep learning convolutional neural network is used as an image classifier to automatically segregate the songs according to their genres. This deep learning model achieved a classification accuracy of 93.3% for all of the twelve languages considered in this database.
Circulating Fatty Acids Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in South Texas Hispanics.

Background: Hispanics in South Texas have high rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver fibrosis severity is the strongest predictive factor of NAFLD progression to HCC. We examined the association between free fatty acids (FA) and advanced liver fibrosis or HCC in this population. Methods: We quantified 45 FAs in plasma of 116 subjects of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, 15 Hispanics with HCC, and 56 first/second-degree relatives of Hispanics with HCC. Liver fibrosis was assessed by FibroScan. Results: Advanced liver fibrosis was significantly associated with low expression of very long chain (VLC) saturated FAs (SFA), odd chain SFAs, and VLC n-3 polyunsaturated FAs [PUFA; AOR; 95% confidence interval (CI), 10.4 (3.7–29.6); P Conclusions: Low plasma concentrations of VLC n-3 PUFAs and VLC SFAs were strongly associated with advanced liver fibrosis and HCC in this population. Genetic factors were associated with low concentrations of these FAs as well. Impact: These results have implications in identifying those at risk for liver fibrosis progression to HCC and in screening this population for advanced fibrosis. They also prompt the evaluation of VLC n-3 PUFA or VLC SFA supplementation to prevent cirrhosis and HCC.
Elizabeth Bishop’s queer lists

Mid-20th-century American writer Elizabeth Bishop used lists in her notes to collect and select language for her poems and to think associatively on the page, blurring the worlds of the everyday an...
EUS Guided Liver Biopsy

Abstract Endoscopic ultrasound has evolved over the last decade from a purely diagnostic procedure into one with a rapidly growing list of therapeutic applications. One such evolution is the emergence of EUS-guided liver biopsy, which is currently considered a very safe and effective alternative to the traditional percutaneous and transjugular liver sampling techniques. EUS-guided liver biopsies allow for acquisition of liver tissue for a wide variety of indications and could have a dramatic impact on the management of patients with acute and chronic liver disorders. EUS-guided liver biopsy offers several advantages over the current standard of care techniques and appears to be associated with fewer contraindications and adverse events. There is a growing body of literature endorsing its efficacy by demonstrating comparable diagnostic yield to the percutaneous and transjugular methods. Improving diagnostic yield of EUS-guided liver biopsies remains a priority and hence, over the last decade, several needle types with enhanced tip designs have been introduced, and various tissue acquisition methods have been explored and modified to enhance the integrity of the liver specimen. This review covers the body of data on the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided liver biopsies. We closely examine the existing data on the diagnostic yield of the various needle types, tip designs and tissue acquisition techniques, and discuss proposals to enhance the adoption of EUS-guided liver biopsy across healthcare institutions.
Propofol modulates functional connectivity signatures of sustained attention

Sustained attention is a critical cognitive function reflected in an individuals whole-brain pattern of fMRI functional connectivity. However sustained attention is not a purely static trait. Rather, attention waxes and wanes over time. Do functional brain networks that underlie individual differences in sustained attention also underlie changes in attentional state? To investigate, we replicate the finding that a validated connectome-based model of individual differences in sustained attention tracks pharmacologically induced changes in attentional state. Specifically, preregistered analyses revealed that participants exhibited functional connectivity signatures of stronger attention when awake than when under deep sedation with the anesthetic agent propofol. Furthermore, this effect was relatively specific to the predefined sustained attention networks: propofol administration modulated strength of the sustained attention networks more than it modulated strength of canonical resting-state networks and a network defined to predict fluid intelligence, and the functional connections most affected by propofol sedation overlapped with the sustained attention networks. Thus, propofol modulates functional connectivity signatures of sustained attention within individuals. More broadly these findings underscore the utility of pharmacological intervention in testing both the generalizability and specificity of network-based models of cognitive function.
Effects of detraining on the temporal expression of positive and negative angioregulatory proteins in skeletal muscle of mice.

Key points Skeletal muscle capillary regression is associated with elevated thrombospondin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression with detraining. Vascular endothelial growth factor and nucleolin responses to acute exercise are blunted in the triceps surae muscles following exercise training. In the plantaris and soleus muscles, this blunted response persists up to 28 days after cessation of training. Effects of detraining on skeletal muscle microvascular density appears to be similar among skeletal muscle of varying oxidative potential and is poorly associated with expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and endostatin. Abstract Temporal expression of positive and negative angiogenic factors in response to detraining is poorly understood. We report the protein expression of anti-angiogenic peptides (thrombospondin-1, TSP-1; and endostatin) as well as pro-angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9), and nucleolin (a nuclear protein involved with synthesis and maturation of ribosomes) in response to detraining in triceps surae muscles of C57BL/6 mice. Male mice were allowed to exercise voluntarily for 21 days, and then basal and acute response to exercise were evaluated at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days detraining (D1, D7, D14, D28, respectively, n = 12/group). As seen in the D1 mice, training resulted in the increased muscle capillary-to-fibre ratio (C/F), increased maximal running time and elevated basal expression of VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P < 0.05). After 7 days of detraining (D7), C/F levels were similar to control levels, but both basal VEGF and TSP-1 were elevated (P < 0.05). At D14 and D28, TSP-1 protein was not different compared to baseline levels; however, VEGF was elevated in gastrocnemius (GA), but not the soleus (SOL) or plantaris (PLT) muscles, of D14 mice. Endostatin tended to decrease in D14 and D28 compared to controls. Timing of nucleolin protein expression differed between muscle groups, with increases at D1, D7 and D14 in the PLT, SOL and GA muscles, respectively. The response of VEGF and nucleolin to acute exercise was blunted with training, and remained blunted in the PLT and SOL even after 28 days of detraining, at a time point long after muscle capillarization was observed to be similar to pre-training levels. These data suggest that TSP-1 may be a mediator of capillary regression with detraining, even in the face of elevated VEGF, suggesting that pro-angiogenic regulators may not be able to prevent the regression of skeletal muscle capillaries under physiological conditions. The responses of matrix metalloproteinases, endostatin and nucleolin poorly correlated with detraining-induced capillary regression.
Evidence for multiple, ras-like, guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in Swiss 3T3 plasma membranes. Stimulation of GTPase activity by cytosolic factors.

Abstract A novel method for the analysis of putative G-proteins has been developed that reveals the existence of a large family of GTP/GDP-binding proteins with similar characteristics to those of p21ras in 3T3 cell plasma membranes. In the presence of Mg2+, exchange of [alpha-32P]GDP with prebound ligand was very slow, but, as with p21ras, exchange was dramatically accelerated by excess EDTA. In the presence of Mg2+, three classes of binding sites were distinguishable. However, no p21ras was detected in the membranes with the pan-reactive anti-ras antibody, Y13-259. Gel filtration analysis resolved two peaks of binding activity centering at 60 and 21 kilodaltons. High resolution anion exchange chromatography separated at least 11 unique GDP-binding proteins from 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate-solubilized membranes, none of which cross-reacted with a pan-G alpha antiserum. Analogous to p21ras, the binding activities of 9 of the 11 species were sensitive to the thiol reagent N-ethylmaleimide, and six peaks possessed detectable GTPase activity in the absence of extrinsic factors. Addition of cytosol activated the GTPase activity of four of the peaks. We infer that the 11 peaks represent novel, small molecular weight guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, similar to those recently described in brain membranes.
A Truth Value Semantics for Modal Logic1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the truth value semantics for modal logic. The apodictic judgment differs from the assertory in that it suggests the existence of universal judgments from which the proposition can be inferred, while in the case of the assertory one, such a suggestion is lacking. If a proposition is advanced as possible, either the speaker is suspending judgment by suggesting that he or she knows no laws from which the negation of the proposition would follow or he says that the generalization of the negation is false. The chapter also discusses the canonical completeness theorem and the supposition that there are no irreducible modal facts.
Computer-Based Mathematics Learning

AbstractThe research on computer-based mathematics learning was examined in the context of constructivist learning and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards. The reviewed studies examined the effectiveness of computer software in the three key categories of programming, computer-assisted instruction, and tools. Recommendations emphasized the need for further study of instructional design that best utilizes computers and of use of the Internet in mathematics.
Direct evidence that the hydroxyl radical plays a pathogenetic role in myocardial "stunning" in the conscious dog and demonstration that stunning can be markedly attenuated without subsequent adverse effects.

Recent studies suggest that the hydroxyl radical (.OH) plays a pathogenetic role in postischemic ventricular dysfunction (myocardial "stunning"). This concept, however, is predicated exclusively on results obtained in anesthetized open-chest preparations, which are subject to the confounding influence of many unphysiological conditions and in which both myocardial stunning and free radical generation are greatly exaggerated. The lack of supporting evidence in more physiological animal models represents a major limitation of the .OH hypothesis of stunning. Furthermore, concern has been raised that myocardial stunning may be a period of "rest" necessary for full recovery, so that attenuation of the early phase of stunning by antioxidant therapy may have subsequent detrimental effects on the resting function and/or on the return of myocardial contractile reserve. To address these issues, in phase 1 of this study conscious unsedated dogs undergoing a 15-minute coronary artery occlusion received an intravenous infusion of normal saline (n = 22), of the .OH scavenger N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG, n = 17), or of the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DF, n = 14). Compared with control dogs, the dogs treated with MPG or DF exhibited significantly greater postischemic wall thickening throughout the first 6 hours of reperfusion; the total deficit of wall thickening during this time interval was reduced 50% by MPG and 50% by DF. The magnitude of this beneficial effect was a function of the severity of ischemia, so that the dogs with the lowest collateral flows had the greatest improvement of wall thickening. The accelerated recovery produced by MPG and DF in the first 6 hours was not followed by any deterioration of resting wall thickening at 24 or 48 hours. Furthermore, in dogs treated with MPG or DF, the increase in wall thickening elicited by maximal inotropic stimulation (isoproterenol or dopamine) was similar before stunning and shortly after resting wall thickening had normalized (24 or 48 hours after reflow); thus, despite the fact that most of the early postischemic dysfunction had been eliminated by antioxidant therapy, there was no subsequent impairment of either resting function or contractile reserve. In phase 2, production of free radicals (measured with the spin trap alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone) was markedly (> 80%) inhibited by the same doses of MPG and DF that attenuated stunning in phase 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter in animal reservoirs: dynamics of development, resistance mechanisms and ecological fitness

Thermophilic Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are responsible for foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans and are increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolone (FQ) antimicrobials. The therapeutic use of FQ antimicrobial agents in food animal production, particularly in poultry, has become a concern for public health, because the practice may promote the emergence of FQ-resistant Campylobacter that can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. Recent studies have indicated that Campylobacter displays a hypermutable phenotype in response to in vivo treatment with FQ antimicrobials, resulting in the rapid emergence of resistant mutants. Distinct from other Gram-negative bacteria, the acquisition of FQ resistance in Campylobacter does not require stepwise accumulation of gyrA mutations and overexpression of efflux pumps, and is mainly mediated by single-step point mutations in gyrA in the presence of a constitutively expressed multidrug efflux pump, CmeABC. The simplicity of the resistance mechanisms may facilitate the rapid adaptation of Campylobacter to FQ treatment. The FQ-resistant Campylobacter mutants derived from chickens do not show a fitness cost in vivo and are ecologically competitive in the colonization of chickens even in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressure. These findings suggest that FQ-resistant Campylobacter may continue to persist regardless of antimicrobial usage, and highlight the need for extra effort to prevent the occurrence and spread of FQ-resistant Campylobacter in animal reservoirs.