cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards technology integration: the impact of motivational and volitional email messages

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of motivational and volitional email messages (MVEM) on preservice teachers’ motivation, volition, performance, and their attitudes toward technology integration. Each of four sections in an educational technology course for preservice teachers was randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group which received MVEM constructed based on audience analysis; and the other which received placebo email messages consisting of class activities reminders without audience analysis. Results indicated that the group provided with MVEM showed higher volition and more positive attitudes toward technology integration than the group provided with placebo messages even though there was no difference in motivation or performance. These results suggest that MVEM can serve as an effective tool for facilitating preservice teachers’ positive attitudes toward technology integration. Implications for the design and development of interventions or systems for technology integration are discussed and further research is recommended.
Manipulation of visual processing by varying the rewards associated with display locations

Ss were instructed to “read” displays of letters presented for several milliseconds and to indicate which of three signal letters had been present. The instructed reading path through the display was manipulated by assigning point values to display locations. The results indicated that the letters simultaneously presented were at some stage successively processed. It was suggested that the serial operation was a successive preservation of locations in an image of the display by means of a series of tests of category descriptions on each image location.
Experiences with Sweep3D implementations in Co-array Fortran

As part of the recent focus on increasing the productivity of parallel application developers, Co-array Fortran (CAF) has emerged as an appealing alternative to the Message Passing Interface (MPI). CAF belongs to the family of global address space parallel programming languages; such languages provide the abstraction of globally addressable memory accessed using one-sided communication. At Rice University we are developing caf c, an open source, multiplatform CAF compiler. Our earlier studies show that caf c-compiled CAF programs achieve similar performance to that of corresponding MPI codes for the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. In this paper, we present a study of several CAF implementations of Sweep3D on four modern architectures. We analyze the impact of using one-sided communication in Sweep3D, identify potential sources of inefficiencies and suggest ways to address them. Our results show that we achieve comparable performance to that of the MPI version on three cluster-based architectures and outperform it by up to 10 % on the SGI Altix 3000.
For the Common Good: Learning through Interagency Collaboration.

In Ohio’s For the Common Good project, learning played a key role in the development and implementation of interagency linkage teams. Adult educators can assist in developing successful collaborative partnerships by making the role of learning more explicit.
An experimentally derived model for stereoselectivity in the aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols by (sparteine)PdCl2.

A model for asymmetric induction in palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution is described. The model is based on coordination complexes and general reactivity trends of the parent (sp)PdCl2 catalyst. The first example of a nonracemic chiral palladium alkoxide complex is presented, and exhibits the subtle steric influences of the C1symmetric ligand sparteine.
Synthesis of tricyclic phospholene oxides by cycloaddition of phosphorus halides with heterocyclic analogs of 1-vinyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes†

Replacement of C-4 with a hetero substituent (NR,O,S) in the 1-vinyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene system has provided a new type of diene for participation in the McCormack cycloaddition reaction with P(III) halides. The tricyclic phospholene oxides so obtained are the first to bear an additional heteroatom in the ring system. 1,2-Dihydro-7-methoxy-1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-4-vinylquinoline is a stable solid that reacts with methylphosphonous dichloride to give, after hydrolysis of the cycloadduct, the 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-phospholo-[2,3-c]quinoline ring system. The dihydroquinoline moiety was aromatized by detosylation with potassium t-butoxide. The tendency of 4-vinyl-2H-benzopyran to dimerize was a serious complication in its use, and the cycloaddition with methylphosphonous dichloride proceeded only in low yield. The product, a 2,3,3a,4-tetra-hydrobenzo[3,2-d]pyran derivative, was a stable, easily purified and characterized substance. 4-Vinyl-2H-benzo[b]thiopyran was more stable than the pyran, but the phospholo derivative from reaction with methylphosphonous dichloride was more difficult to purify. All products were characterized by 13C-nmr spectroscopy.
Intercrater plains on Mercury: Insights into unit definition, characterization, and origin from MESSENGER datasets

Abstract Orbital observations by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft are used to re-evaluate the nature and origin of the oldest mapped plains deposits on Mercury, the intercrater and intermediate plains units defined by Mariner 10 investigators. Despite the large areal extent of these plains, which comprise approximately one-third of the planetary surface area viewed by Mariner 10, their formation mechanism was not well constrained by Mariner 10 imaging. One hypothesis attributed plains formation to ponding of fluidized impact ejecta to create relatively smooth surfaces. Another hypothesis was that these plains are of volcanic origin. To assess the origin of these older plains and the contribution of early volcanism to resurfacing on Mercury, we have used MESSENGER data to analyze the morphology, spectral properties, impact crater statistics, and topography of Mariner 10 type-areas of intercrater and intermediate plains. On the basis of new criteria for the identification of intercrater and intermediate plains derived from these observations, we have remapped 18% of the surface of Mercury. We find that the intercrater plains are a highly textured unit with an abundance of secondary craters, whereas the intermediate plains are composed of both intercrater and smooth plains. We suggest that the term “intermediate plains” not be used to map the surface of Mercury henceforth, but rather this unit should be subdivided into its constituent intercrater and smooth plains units. We argue that a substantial percentage of the intercrater plains are composed of volcanic materials on the basis of (1) examples of areas where ejecta from a small number of superposed craters have transformed smooth plains deposits of volcanic origin into a unit indistinguishable from intercrater plains; (2) the range in ages of intercrater plains deposits as interpreted from crater size–frequency distributions; and (3) the near-global distribution of intercrater plains compared with the uneven distribution of impact basins and their associated ejecta deposits.
Vision metrics and object/image relations. II: Discrimination metrics and object/image Duality

In this paper we will be concerned with the recognition of 3D objects from a single 2D view obtained via a generalized weak perspective projection. Our methods will be independent of camera/sensor position and any camera/sensor parameters, as well as independent of the choice of coordinates used to express the feature point locations on the object or in the image. Our focus will be on certain natural metrics on the associated shape spaces (which are called object space and image space, respectively). These metrics provide a distance between two object shapes or between two image shapes and are a generalization of the Procrustes metrics of Statistical Shape Theory. They can be shown to be induced from the L 2 metric on the space of all n -tuples of feature points via a modified orbit metric, i.e. as the minimum distance between two orbits under the action of the affine group, modified to account for scale and shear. Finally we will define two notions of "distance" between an object and an image (with distance zero being a match under some weak perspective projection). This makes use of the object-image equations and computes the distance entirely in either the object space or in the image space. A Metric Duality Theory shows these two notions of "distance" are the same. Ultimately, we would like to know if two configurations of a fixed number of points in 2D or 3D are the same if we allow affine transformations. If they are, then we want a distance of zero, and if not, we want a distance that expresses their dissimilarity - always recognizing that we can transform the points. The Procrustes metric, described in the shape theory literature [4], provides such a notion of distance for similarity transformations. However, it does not allow for weak perspective or perspective transformations and is fixed in a particular dimension. By the later we mean that it cannot be regarded as giving us a notion of "distance" between, say, a 3D configuration of points and a 2D configuration of points, where zero distance corresponds to the 2D points being, say, a generalized weak perspective projection of the 3D points. In this paper, we show that generalizations of the Procrustes metric exist in the above cases. Moreover these new metrics are quite natural in the context of the algebro-geometric formulation of the object/image equations discussed in Part I of this paper and reviewed below. These metrics also provide a rigorous foundation for error and statistical analysis in the object recognition problem.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Exercise for Obese Youth: Refocusing Attention from Weight Loss to Health Gains

Despite evidence to the contrary, exercise interventions for obese youth target weight loss as a means of improving health. Using Exercise is Medicine® as a framework, we present a conceptual model for the beneficial effects of exercise independent of weight loss in obese youth and highlight novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic health that could prove useful as interventional targets for this population.
Rotary kiln incineration - combustion chamber dynamics

Abstract A multifaceted experimental and theoretical program aimed at understanding rotary kiln performance is underway. The overall program involves university, industry, and government participation and is broken into distinct sub-programs. This paper discusses in some detail the research effort performed to date in two of the sub-programs: full-scale in situ sampling and kiln-simulator experimentation. Full-scale in situ measurements are obtained from the Louisiana Division rotary kiln facility of Dow Chemical USA, located in Plaquemine, Louisiana. Summary results obtained from controlled experiments that were performed during continuous processing of carbon tetrachloride and preliminary results obtained during batch mode processing of toluene-laden sorbent packs are presented. Kiln-simulator data are obtained by using the facilities of the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Utah. Recent kiln-simulator work, conducted in support of the full-scale measurements sub-program, has aided in providing an understanding of the results that have been obtained at the full-scale. Modeling efforts, conducted at Louisiana State University and the University of Utah, have concentrated on the development of realistic, fluid-flow and heat-transfer models, near-term chlorinated kinetic models and bed mass-transfer models to be incorporated into a global three-dimensional kiln-simulator model. The paper concludes with an overview of these modeling efforts.
Nesting the Gulf of Mexico in Atlantic HYCOM: Oceanographic processes generated by Hurricane Ivan

Abstract The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) at 1/25° horizontal grid resolution and has been nested inside a basin-scale 1/12° Atlantic version of HYCOM. The 1/25° nested GOM model is used to study temperature variations, current patterns, transport variations, and two coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) generated by Hurricane Ivan during mid September 2004. The model results indicate that the winds generated by Ivan: (1) induced a transport variation of approximately 2 Sv/day along the Yucatan Channel, (2) enhanced the oceanic mixing lowering the sea surface temperature more than 3 °C along Ivan’s path, (3) produced a thermocline vertical velocity of >100 m/day, and (4) generated a westward transport of ∼8 Sv along the northern coast of the GOM that was redirected by the Louisiana coastline inducing a southward transport of ∼6 Sv. Throughout its passage over the Caribbean Sea Ivan generated first a CTW along the south east coast of Cuba. After its generation this wave propagated along the coast and partially propagated along the western tip of the Cuban Island and continued its propagation along the northern coast of the Island. The model existence of CTWs along the coast of Cuba is reported for the first time. Later on, over the Florida–Alabama–Mississippi–Louisiana coast, Ivan’s westward winds drove a model oceanic onshore transport and generated a strong coastal convergence. The convergence raised the sea surface height ∼90 cm generating a second CTW, which is characterized by alongshore and cross-shore scales of ∼700 and ∼80 km, respectively. The CTW current pattern includes westward surface currents of more than 2.0 m/s. After its generation, the wave weakened rapidly due to Ivan’s eastward winds, however a fraction of the CTW propagated to the west and was measured by a tide gauge at Galveston, Texas. The descriptions, hypothesis, and discussions presented in this study are based on model results and those results are compared and validated with sea surface height coastal tide gauge observations and sea surface temperature buoy observations.
Vibration of a Standing Heavy Column With Intermediate Support

The vibration of a free standing column under its own weight is studied. An intermediate support increases the fundamental frequency. The optimum location for the support is determined for clamped-free, pinned-free, and sliding-free columns. The problem is integrated by a simple accurate initial value method. Approximate and exact relations are also found.
Dust attenuation in the rest-frame ultraviolet: constraints from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1

A novel technique is employed for estimating attenuation curves in galaxies where only photometry and spectroscopic redshifts are available. This technique provides a powerful measure of particular extinction features such as the UV bump at 2175 A, which has been observed in environments ranging from the Milky Way to high-redshift star-forming galaxies. Knowledge of the typical strength of the UV bump as a function of environment and redshift is crucial for converting rest-frame UV flux into star formation rates. The UV bump will impart a unique signature as it moves through various filters due to redshifting; its presence can therefore be disentangled from other stellar population effects. The utility of this technique is demonstrated with a large sample of galaxies drawn from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey. The observed B - R colour of star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z < 1.4 disfavours the presence of a UV bump as strong as observed in the Milky Way, and instead favours rest-frame UV (1800 A < λ < 3000 A) attenuation curves similar to the Milky Way without a UV bump, a power law with index δ = -0.7, or a form advocated by Calzetti and collaborators. Stronger constraints on the strength of the UV bump in galaxies can be achieved if independent constraints on the V-band optical depth are available.
A femtosecond waveform transfer technique using type II second harmonic generation

We present a novel waveform frequency conversion technique by type II second harmonic generation (SHG). We have theoretically studied and experimentally demonstrated femtosecond waveform transfer from 800 to 400 nm wavelength by type II SHG in a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal. The output second harmonic (SH) waveform is a temporally magnified or compressed version of the input fundamental waveform, depending on the experimental configuration. Our experiments demonstrate that this technique can transfer not only the intensity profiles of the fundamental waveform, but also the phase profiles. This technique shows promise for programmable generation of shaped ultrafast optical waveforms down to the UV range, where direct pulse shaping is challenging.
Culture, Gender, and Men's Intimate Partner Violence

This article reviews research on cultural beliefs and expectations about gender and romantic relationships that are related to male intimate partner violence. We link beliefs about men (manhood is tenuous and must be proven, men must protect women, and honor must be defended), about women (good women put sacrifice and family loyalty first and good women are morally and sexually pure), and about relationships (jealousy is a sign of passionate love) to show how they create a cultural context in which intimate partner violence is tolerated, accepted, or rejected. We end by discussing avenues for future research that take an expansive approach to examining culture's influence on intimate violence.
Real time reconfiguration of wearable antennas

Wearable antennas (WAs) are critical to communication among in, on, or off-body devices, and have been designed for a variety of frequency and radiation requirements. However, various factors, such as position and orientation of body, etc., can affect the antenna performance drastically, and consequently cause undesirable radiation behavior. This paper aims at offering a practical solution to the real-time design of WAs for telemedicine. Due to flexibility and high convergence speed of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, modified binary PSO is utilized to reconfigure a proposed WA in order to maintain resonance at 2.45GHz at different bend angles.
Lung inflation: can you get too much of a good thing?

Ventilator-induced lung injury is characterized by edema with and without increases in alveolar epithelial permeability. Thus, we hypothesized that Na/sup +/-K/sup +/-ATPase (Na-pump) activity and epithelial barrier properties are both affected by increasing stretch magnitude. Measurements of Na-pump activity and tight junction permeability demonstrate that Na transport increases with cyclic stretch amplitude, but permeability is compromised only at high levels of cyclic stretch. These results support in vivo data that demonstrate impairment of alveolar fluid clearance and barrier function with large tidal volumes.
Issues in creating and maintaining value sets for clinical quality measures.

Objective: To develop methods for assessing the validity, consistency and currency of value sets for clinical quality measures, in order to support the developers of quality measures in which such value sets are used. Methods: We assessed the well-formedness of the codes (in a given code system), the existence and currency of the codes in the corresponding code system, using the UMLS and RxNorm terminology services. We also investigated the overlap among value sets using the Jaccard similarity measure. Results: We extracted 163,788 codes (76,062 unique codes) from 1463 unique value sets in the 113 quality measures published by the National Quality Forum (NQF) in December 2011. Overall, 5% of the codes are invalid (4% of the unique codes). We also found 67 duplicate value sets and 10 pairs of value sets exhibiting a high degree of similarity (Jaccard > .9). Conclusion: Invalid codes affect a large proportion of the value sets (19%). 79% of the quality Measures have at least one value set exhibiting errors. However, 50% of the quality measures exhibit errors in less than 10 % of their value sets. The existence of duplicate and highly-similar value sets suggests the need for an authoritative repository of value sets and related tooling in order to support the development of quality measures.
Should additional symptoms be included in criteria for atypical depression

Analyses of a systematic household sample of 750 respondents aged 11-22, 19 with atypical depression, find atypical depression associated with fear of fat, insomnia, headache, and fatigue. Other research suggests adding these symptoms to criteria for atypical depression, rendering them quite similar to criteria used in studies of somatic depression.
A fluid-like model of vibrated granular layers: Linear stability, kinks, and oscillons

A continuum model is proposed for the dynamics of shallow non-cohesive granular layers driven by vertical vibration of a horizontal rigid plate in vacuo. The granular mass is assumed to behave as a Newtonian liquid while in flight and to exhibit a solid-like rebound from the vibrating plate. The simple version explored here involves two constant parameters, a kinematic viscosity and a coefficient of restitution. According to the present model, the sensitive dependence of the contact dynamics on layer shape represents the primary source of instability and pattern formation, since the lack of cohesive stress rules out the Rayleigh–Taylor instability driving Faraday patterns on liquid layers. This is borne out by a linear stability analysis which indicates that flat granular layers are linearly stable against free-surface perturbations and, hence, that the instability of vibrated granular layers is nonlinear in origin. An effort is made to capture certain aspects of the high Reynolds number nonlinear dynamics, namely spatially localized ‘‘kinks” and ‘‘oscillons”, based on purely rectilinear (‘‘antiplane”) motion with constant layer thickness. Three different numerical methods were employed (1) computation of spatial amplitudes in a time-periodic solutions, (2) discretization of the underlying PDEs, with the resulting ODEs in time treated by an eventdetecting integrator, and (3) a variant of the latter based on discretization of a well-known Green’s function. Inaccuracies in contact detection appear to give disagreements between the different methods, such that Method (2) produced stable f =2 kinks and oscillons only if the variant (3) was employed, while Method (1) gave rise to stable oscillons but apparently unstable kinks. Also, while qualitatively similar, the numerically simulated oscillons exhibit differences from those observed experimentally. The present findings call for further work on the numerical methods, investigation of more complex solutions with lateral motion and varicose layers, and improvements in the constitutive model for the granular layer, such as the incorporation of a velocity-dependent restitution.
Multi-criteria decision making for disassembly-to- order system under stochastic yields

In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the optimal number of returned products to disassemble to fulfill the demand for a specified number of parts. This is known as the disassembly-to-order (DTO) problem. The deterministic yield version of this problem has been addressed in the literature. Recently, the stochastic yield version of this problem with a single objective has also been reported in the literature. In this paper, we extend the methodology to include multiple objectives. To this end, we model the DTO problem using integer goal programming. The stochastic problem is solved by transforming it into its deterministic equivalent problem. This conversion is accomplished by considering the specific structures of the products with one core and one part ("one-to-one structure") and apply it to handle the products with one core and multiple parts ("one-to-many structure"). For these special cases it is possible to solve the stochastic problem analytically so that valuable insights can be gained by comparing the stochastic and deterministic solutions. This will help us to determine effective deterministic yield equivalents. We present a case example to illustrate the methodology.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phylogenetic footprinting reveals evolutionarily conserved regions of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene that enhance cell-specific expression.

Reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic neuropeptide, GnRH, which serves as the central regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH expression is limited to a small population of neurons in the hypothalamus. Targeting this minute population of neurons (as few as 800 in the mouse) requires regulatory elements upstream of the GnRH gene that remain to be fully characterized. Previously, we have identified an evolutionarily conserved promoter region (−173 to −1) and an enhancer (−1863 to −1571) in the rat gene that targets a subset of the GnRH neurons in vivo. In the present study, we used phylogenetic sequence comparison between human and rodents and analysis of the transcription factor clusters within conserved regions in an attempt to identify additional upstream regulatory elements. This approach led to the characterization of a new upstream enhancer that regulates expression of GnRH in a cell-specific manner. Within this upstream enhancer are nine binding sites for Octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OCT1), known to be an important transcriptional regulator of GnRH gene expression. In addition, we have identified nuclear factor I (NF1) binding to multiple elements in the GnRH-regulatory regions, each in close proximity to OCT1. We show that OCT1 and NF1 physically and functionally interact. Moreover, the OCT1 and NF1 binding sites in the regulatory regions appear to be essential for appropriate GnRH gene expression. These findings indicate a role for this upstream enhancer and novel OCT1/NF1 complexes in neuron-restricted expression of the GnRH gene.
Toward less conservative designs of multimode controllers for systems with state and control constraints

Multimode controllers are an effective stabilization tool for linear and nonlinear systems under state and control constraints. The multimode controller switches between a family of controllers or a family of set-points in a way that guarantees satisfaction of state and control constraints without sacrificing the ultimate performance of the closed loop system. When unmeasured disturbances affect the operation of the system, the worst-case scenario approach to their treatment may result in unnecessary degree of conservatism in the multimode controller operation. This paper focuses on ways to reduce the conservatism by incorporating additional information about the disturbance such as rate bounds or stochastic description.
A virtual graphics card for teaching device driver design

Open source Linux has become increasingly popular as a vehicle for incorporating hands-on experience with a real system into both undergraduate and graduate operating systems courses. System virtualization tools, such as VMWare, Xen, VirtualBox, and KVM, allow students to freely experiment with kernel modifications without requiring dedicated hardware and without generating significant concern for the ill-effects of system crashes. Nevertheless, certain kernel projects that are highly desirable from an educational standpoint remain unavailable under standard approaches to virtualization. One such project that is known to carry substantial instructional value is the design and implementation of an SMP-safe driver for a high-performance graphics card. Standard virtualization tools export only a minimally-capable, SVGA graphics adapter, which is an inadequate architecture for such a project. This paper describes an extremely simple, kernel-independent, software tool for use by instructors of operating systems courses. The tool provides a virtual, high-performance graphics card that is suitable for Linux device driver design and implementation. The code for the virtual card, which is relatively short, is easily modified by instructors to present different interfaces each semester. The code for both the virtual card and a sample Linux 3.2.36 driver for it may be freely downloaded from http://people.cs.clemson.edu/~ccorsi/kyouko/.
Voriconazole Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Brain Tissue of Guinea Pigs and Immunocompromised Patients

We characterized voriconazole concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of immunocompetent guinea pigs and patients with invasive fungal infections. In animals, after receipt of oral doses of 4 or 10 mg/kg every 8 h, the mean ratios of CSF to plasma total and free drug concentration were 0.68 and 1.3, respectively. In humans, 1‐10 h after receipt of voriconazole, the CSF concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 3.93 mg/mL, and the ratio of CSF to plasma concentration ranged from 0.22 to 1.0 (median, 0.46).
An LMS adaptation technique to prevent ADC saturation and loop interaction

Through using techniques of linear algebra, a technique for constraining the FIR tap changes during an LMS operation to prevent gain and timing loop interaction and ADC saturation is described.
Some observations on uniqueness and multiplicity of steady states in non‐adiabatic chemically reacting systems

An investigation of uniqueness and multiplicity of the steady states in two non-adiabatic chemically reacting systems, the stirred tank and the tubular reactors, is presented. Exact uniqueness and multiplicity criteria are presented, and some conclusions derived therefrom, for the stirred tank reactor. For the tubular reactor, some numerical results are reported and multiplicities of the type 1-3-1, 1-3-1-3-1 and 1-3-5-3-1 noted. Criteria obtained earlier and those obtained from a lumping approximation of the distributed system are evaluated. In addition, two asymptotic solutions are obtained for the non-adiabatic tubular reactor. On presente une etude de l'unicite et de la multiplicity des regimes stables dans deux systemes non-adiabotiques de reactions chimiques, a savoir les reacteurs tubulaires et a cuve agitee. On indique les criteres d'unicite et de multiplicite exactes ainsi que certaines conclusions qui en decoulent, dans le cas du reacteur a cuve agitee. En ce qui a trait au reacteur tubulaire, on rapporte quelques resultats numeriques et des multiplicites telles que 1-3-1, 1-3-1-3-1 et 1-3-5-3-1 qu'on a observees. On evalue les criteres deja obtenus et ceux qui proviennent d'une approximation globale du systeme reparti. On obtient, en outre, deux solutions asymptotiques pour le reacteur tubulaire et non-adiabatique.
The Analytic, the Synthetic, and C. I. Lewis

Although “empiricism” has been given such a broad range of meanings throughout the history of philosophy as to have virtually no defining characteristics which cover all supposedly empirical philosophies, the distinction between the a priori, analytic, non-factual statement on the one hand, and the a posteriori, synthetic, factual statement on the other, has recently been taken to offer the most inclusive characteristic of empiricism, being called “the empiricist principle.”1 Arthur Pap has noted that “one of the theses that seem to define the rather loosely used word ‘empiricism’… is that all a priori truth is analytic; which thesis is, of course, equivalent to denying that there are synthetic a priori truths.”2
Publishing in SERJ: An analysis of papers from 2002-20093

SERJ has provided a high quality professional publication venue for researchers in statistics education for close to a decade. This paper presents a review of the articles published to explore what they suggest about the field of statistics education, the researchers, the questions addressed, and the growing knowledge base on teaching and learning statistics. We present a detailed analysis of these articles in order to address the following questions: What is being published and why, who is publishing research in SERJ, how is the research being carried out, and what do the results suggest about future research? Implications for future directions in statistics education research are suggested.
Simulations of Heat Conduction at Thiolate-Capped Gold Surfaces: The Role of Chain Length and Solvent Penetration

We report on simulations of heat conduction through Au(111)/hexane interfaces in which the surface has been protected by a mixture of short- and long-chain alkanethiolate ligands. Reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) was used to create a thermal flux between the metal and solvent, and thermal conductance was computed using the resulting thermal profiles near the interface. We find a nonmonotonic dependence of the interfacial thermal conductance on the fraction of long chains present at the interface and correlate this behavior to both solvent ordering and the rate of solvent escape from the thiolate layer immediately in contact with the metal surface. Our results suggest that a mixed vibrational transfer/convection model is necessary to explain the features of heat transfer at this interface. The alignment of the solvent chains with the ordered ligand allows rapid transfer of energy to the trapped solvent and is the dominant feature for ordered ligand layers. Diffusion of the vibrationally ex...
Transposition of the great vessels manifested on radionuclide ventriculography.

Ventricular ejection fraction was evaluated in a 30-year-old man. At birth he underwent a Rashkind procedure and placement of a Waterston shunt, followed by a Mustard procedure at age 2 years. In the Mustard procedure, an oblique right atriotomy is created, the atrial septum is excised, a pericardial baffle is sutured to incorporate the pulmonary veins into the right atrium, and another baffle is sutured to direct superior vena cava and inferior vena cava return into the left atrium and mitral valve. Radionuclide ventriculography showed that the systemic ventricle was the enlarged anatomic right ventricle. The systemic atrium is the anatomic right atrium and the pulmonary atrium is the anatomic left atrium. The ejection fraction of the right ventricle was estimated to be 32%.
Orientation and Homing of the Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani)

A study of orientation and homing in brush rabbits, Sylvilagus bachmani ubericolor (Miller), was conducted on the E. E. Wilson Game Management Area, 7 mi. N Corvallis, Oregon, between July 1967 and April 1969. Sixty-seven individual rabbits were fitted with radio-transmitters and returned to the field. Home ranges were determined for 59 of these animals. Rabbits rarely left brushy cover. Home ranges of males were larger than those of females. Nineteen of the 59 rabbits whose home ranges were determined were displaced in 29 “homing” experiments. No rabbit was displaced more than twice. Rabbits homed successfully in 15 of the 29 experiments. Brush rabbits did not home over distances as great as those reported for other species of Sylvilagus or other small mammals. Homing success was not inversely related to distance displaced as has been reported for other small mammals. Rather, there was a distinct limit above 540 feet beyond which no rabbit homed. A direct correlation was found between distance displaced and homing time; maximum homing time was 36 days. Homing ability was related to size of home range. Brush rabbits usually homed on clear nights; indicating homing depended primarily on sight. No correlation occurred between homing success and season, sex, or age. A significant number of rabbits left the release box in the direction of the nearest cover. Rabbits also restricted their routes of travel to brushy cover while attempting to home. Brush rabbit home ranges decreased significantly in size after first displacements but not after second displacements.
Reaction of shallow onshore waters to ground shock

abstract Pressures and accelerations were measured in and near numerous ponds and lakes in Amchitka during the nuclear shot CANNIKIN, using peak measuring and full time-history recording instruments. The resulting pressures and accelerations were similar in wave shape: each showed an initial pulse, a period of free fall during spall, and an impact shock. It is found that when reverberation times in the water are short compared to rise times and other characteristic times of the ground shock, the water responds as a whole, and the pressure in it is proportional to the acceleration. When reverberation times are longer than rise times, pressure overshoots and oscillates about the simple proportionality.
Geoarchaeology of the Kilmer Site: A Paleoindian Habitation in the Appalachian Uplands

Kilmer est un site paleoindien a composantes multiples situe dans les Appalaches (Etat de New York), sur les terrasses superieures et infereures du Pleistocene recent (T2 et T1). Dans les regions montagneuses, ces formes de terrain sont susceptibles de subir des processus d'erosion et d'effritement. La rarete des sites dans les Appalaches est probablement le resultat de paysages geologiquement actifs. L'existence de sites paleoindiens sur les terrains montagneux de l'est de l'Amerique du Nord suggere une diversification economique, une reponse culturelle aux ressources alimentaires imprevisibles vers la fin du Pleistocene
Signal transduction defect in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS-related complex

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex (ARC), and heterosexual controls were stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or both and 3H thymidine incorporation and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha; CD25; Tac antigen) expression were measured. In addition, basal plasma membrane potential and plasma membrane potential following anti-CD3 stimulation were compared between the three groups. A significantly reduced DNA synthesis and CD25 expression was observed in both AIDS and ARC upon stimulation with anti-CD3 or PMA. Although, a significant synergism was observed with anti-CD3 plus PMA stimulation in both AIDS and ARC, and the responses were normalized to the levels of anti-CD3 or PMA response in normal control, the levels were significantly lower than those observed with anti-CD3 plus PMA in controls. Plasma membrane potentials were decreased (membrane depolarized) in both ARC and AIDS (AIDS > ARC), and anti-CD3 had no effect on further depolarization of plasma membrane in AIDS. These data suggest a defect in signal transduction pathway in patients with HIV-1 infection.
The Properties of Nonbiological Surfaces and Their Characterization

The forces involved in adhesion of cells to other surfaces may include any of the interactions possible in aqueous physical systems (see Chapter 6). Thus, a wide variety of surface properties and measurements may have some relevance to adhesion problems. The classical work on colloid stability, known as the DLVO theory, considered the balance between the London-van der Waals attractive forces and the electrostatic repulsive interaction between the two interacting surfaces [see Section 3.1, and Rutter and Vincent (1980) for a short introduction and references]. Thus, appreciation of the electrostatic charge on surfaces and of the London-type, or dispersion, interactions characteristic of the surfaces involved are required. In addition, the polarity of biological material means that polar interactions must also be taken into account. The measurement of surface charge in aqueous systems, and of estimation of the London and polar components of the surface energies of solid surfaces, have consequently been closely associated with research into bioadhesion. By measuring and assigning experimental values to these various parameters, it becomes possible to examine experimentally the theoretical basis of adhesion processes and to test the validity of such theories.
Pseudogap and anharmonic phonon behavior in Ba8Ga16Ge30: An NMR study

We have performed (69)Ga, (71)Ga, and (137)Ba NMR on Ba8Ga16Ge30, a clathrate semiconductor which has been of considerable interest due to its large figure of merit for thermoelectric applications. In measurements from 4 K to 450 K, we used measurements on the two Ga nuclei to separate the magnetic and electric quadrupole hyperfine contributions and thereby gain information about the metallic and phonon behavior. The results show the presence of a pseudogap in the Ga electronic states within the conduction band, superposed upon a large Ba contribution to the conduction band. Meanwhile the phonon contributions to the Ga relaxation rates are large and increase more rapidly with temperature than typical semiconductors. These results provide evidence for enhanced anharmonicity of the propagative phonon modes over a wide range, providing experimental evidence for enhanced phonon-phonon scattering as a mechanism for the reduced thermal conductivity.
Discussion of “Honor Among Thieves: Open Internal Reporting and Managerial Collusion”†

Evans, Moser, Newman, and Stikeleather (2016) use experiments of a one-shot game to analyze the impact of open versus closed internal reporting on collusive managerial behavior. They interpret their results as inconsistent with economic theory. To better contrast their findings with economic theory and to expand their view of same, we sketch economic models capable of explaining many aspects of their results. We also critique the research design and offer an alternative payoff structure. We then relate their experiments to the seminal research of Berg, Dickhout, and McCabe (1995) on trust and reciprocity. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research.
Metabolic Health Status and the Obesity Paradox in Older Adults.

ABSTRACTThe explanation for reduced mortality among older persons with overweight or class I obesity compared to those of desirable weight remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the joint effects of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status on all-cause mortality in a cohort of advanced age. Adults aged 74 ± 4.7 (mean ± SD) years at baseline (n = 4551) were categorized according to BMI (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, and ≥35.0 kg/m2) and the presence or absence of a metabolically healthy phenotype (i.e., 0 or 1 risk factors based on a modified Adult Treatment Panel III). Metabolically unhealthy was ≥2 risk factors. There were 2294 deaths over a mean 10.9 years of follow up. Relative to metabolically healthy desirable weight, metabolically healthy overweight or class I obesity was not associated with a greater mortality risk (HR 0.90; 95 CI% 0.73–1.13 and HR 0.58; 95 CI% 0.42–0.80, respectively) (P-interaction <0.001). Results remained consistent in rigorous sensitivity analyses. The “...
A simulation-based approach to predicting influence in social media communities: A case of U.S. border security

ABSTRACTPredicting influence in social media (SM) communities has a strong implication for cybersecurity and public policy setting. However, the rapidly growing volume and large variety of SM have made the prediction difficult. Unfortunately, research that combines the power of simulation, SM networks, and SM community features to predict influence is not widely available. In this research, we developed and validated a simulation-based approach to predicting influence in SM communities. The approach uses a power-law distribution to simulate user interaction and leverages statistical distributions to model SM posting and to predict influence of opinion leaders. We applied the approach to analyzing 1,323,940 messages posted by 380,498 users on Twitter about the U.S. border security and immigration issues. Three models for predicting behavioral responses were developed based on exponential distribution, Weibull distribution, and gamma distribution. Evaluation results show that the simulation-based approach a...
Perioperative Statin Treatment: Can It Decrease Postsurgical Cardiac Event Risk in Noncardiac Surgery?

Cardiac events are an important cause of postsurgical morbidity and mortality. Statin drugs have been studied as potentially risk-modifying agents in perioperative medicine. They have been shown to...
Evolution of Laterality and Language in Primates

One salient feature of the human brain is lateralization, or the predominant localization of function to one hemisphere as compared to the other. Two uniquely human behavioral characteristics—handedness and language—show considerable lateralization in the human brain. Therefore, it has been suggested that these two characteristics may have coevolved in a recent hominid ancestor and provided that backbone for the phylogenetic origin of full-blown human language. In this chapter, we review the literature on nonhuman primate behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurofunctional lateralization with a special emphasis on the great apes. We discuss this lateralization in the context of great ape cognitive and communicative behavior and discuss the relevance of this for the evolution of human spoken language. The data reviewed herein indicate that, rather than a recent and uniquely human adaptation, behavioral and neuroanatomical lateralization likely were present in an ape-human common ancestor and provided the foundation for the evolutionary origins of human language.
Demand management to mitigate impacts of plug-in electric vehicle fast charge in buildings with renewables

Abstract Plug-in electric vehicle penetration is increasing due to technical advancements and environmental concerns. Along with residential plug-in electric vehicle charging, the public charging infrastructure is much needed to reduce plug-in electric vehicles' range anxiety and foster their adoption. Renewable energy and demand management programs are considered viable options that can reduce the impacts of widespread plug-in electric vehicle penetration on the electric grid. This research studies the impacts of plug-in electric vehicle direct current fast charging on a simulated standalone retail building's peak demand and energy consumption, and presents the ability of renewable energy and demand management options to reduce their impacts. Additionally, insights into a public charge station usage are presented by monitoring different types of plug-in electric vehicle charge behaviors at a retail site. Research findings indicate that demand management of building end-use loads along with the use of solar photovoltaic can contribute to absorbing plug-in electric vehicle penetration at the building level ranging from the average of 7% for the demand management option alone to an average of 38% for the combination of demand management and solar photovoltaic, and contributing to shifting building peak demand to late evening hours.