cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Program Implementation Factors or Fidelity Affect Chronic Disease Self-Management Education Programs' Outcomes?

Purpose:To evaluate whether implementation factors or fidelity moderate chronic disease self-management education program outcomes.Design:Meta-analysis of 34 Arthritis Self-Management Program and Chronic Disease Self-Management Program studies.Setting:Community.Participants:N = 10 792.Measures:Twelve implementation factors: program delivery fidelity and setting and leader and participant characteristics. Eighteen program outcomes: self-reported health behaviors, physical health status, psychological health status, and health-care utilization.Analysis:Meta-analysis using pooled effect sizes.Results:Modest to moderate statistically significant differences for 4 of 6 implementation factors; these findings were counterintuitive with better outcomes when leaders and participants were unpaid, leaders had less than minimum training, and implementation did not meet fidelity requirements.Conclusion:Exploratory study findings suggest that these interventions tolerate some variability in implementation factors. Furt...
Submillimeter-wave schottky diode receivers

Compact and broadband room temperature receivers are a critical technology for future planetary missions. We report on a room temperature mixer covering the 520 to 600 GHz range with better than 5000 K DSB noise temperature. The receiver front end consists of a bias-able sub-harmonically pumped Schottky mixer and a balanced six anode tripler, both chips made on membrane substrates. This front end in combination with digital backends can provide a low-power, compact, and broadband receiver for future applications.
Adapting encrypted data streams in open architectures

Open architectures meet the demands of increasingly complex and diverse networks by adding programmability to some or all components of the network infrastructure. The effectiveness of this programmability, however, is severely reduced in the domain of encrypted data streams. Because encrypted streams are opaque, existing solutions to adapting encrypted data are limited to either performing link-level encryption across each node, or restricting adaptations to those that do not require knowledge of the content. These restrictions either reduce the functionality of the system or compromise the security of the data stream. This research examines an alternative method of adapting encrypted streams through intelligent tagging and layering of the data content. Sending separately encrypted layers of the data allows for adaptation of the data stream without actually decrypting the data along any point of the connection.
Left atrial function in diastolic heart failure.

Background— Abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) structure and function occur in patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF). The reasons for the transition from asymptomatic dysfunction to heart failure need better definition, including noninvasive measurements that can detect the transition. Methods and Results— In 64 patients undergoing right heart catheterization, simultaneous echocardiographic imaging was performed. As a control group, 27 healthy subjects were included. There were 25 with ejection factor (EF) <50%, 20 in DHF, and 19 with normal EF and LV hypertrophy but not in heart failure (diastolic dysfunction). LV volumes, mass, left atrial (LA) volumes and EF, annular atrial velocity (a′), and LA strain during systole (LAS), and atrial contraction (LAA) were measured. The ratio of wedge pressure to LAS strain was used as an index of LA stiffness, as was the ratio of E/e′ to LAS strain. All 3 patient groups had increased LA volumes and depressed LA EF, a′, and LAA strain, with no significant difference between patients with DHF and diastolic dysfunction in LA systolic function indices, LV mass, LA volumes, LV, and arterial elastance. LAS strain was lower in patients with DHF, and LA stiffness (invasive and noninvasive) was higher (both P <0.01), related well to pulmonary artery systolic pressure ( r =0.79, P <0.001), and was most accurate in identifying DHF patients from those with diastolic dysfunction (invasive area under the curve: 0.93, noninvasive: 0.85). Conclusions— Patients with DHF have increased LV mass and LA volume in comparison with normal controls, but not versus patients with LV hypertrophy who are not in heart failure. On the other hand, LAS strain is significantly reduced and LA stiffness is the most accurate index in identifying patients with DHF. Received August 5, 2008; accepted October 17, 2008. # CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE {#article-title-2}
Determination of the Maximum Tolerated Dose of Cyclophosphamide in Conjunction with High-Dose Etoposide and Carboplatin Followed by Autologous CD34+ Hematopoietic Rescue in Pediatric Patients with Recurrent/Refractory Solid Tumors.

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is an alkylating agent utilized in almost all preparative regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in vitro sensitivity has been demonstrated with carboplatin and etoposide. Multiple previous studies have involved this combination of agents; however, they almost exclusively utilized a fixed dose of Cy and/or bolus administration. The potential fatal cardiac toxicity of Cy is likely related to high peak concentrations of active metabolites from bolus dosing. Additionally, some evidence exists that the increased metabolism of Cy with continuous infusion has a therapeutic benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of continuous infusion Cy with fixed dose etoposide (2400 mg/m2) and carboplatin (2175 mg/m2) followed by autologous CD34+ hematopoietic rescue in pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory solid tumors. Twenty patients were enrolled, and fourteen patients completed therapy on study. The MTD of Cy was 60 mg/kg/24 hr by continuous 60 hr infusion on days -4 to -2 for a total dose of 150 mg/kg. Alopecia, stomatitis and nausea were the most common toxicities. The single episode of direct cardiac toxicity was reversible. Two Grade IV toxicities occurred, consisting of diarrhea in one patient and coma in another patient who recovered and remains a long-term survivor. All patients were evaluable for neutrophil engraftment, with a median time to ANC > 200/μl of 11 days (range 7–30 days). Thirteen of the fourteen patients were evaluable for platelet engraftment, with a median time to platelet count of 20,000/μl independent of transfusion of 21 days (range 11–72 days). Six out of the fourteen patients remain alive greater than five years after study completion. The MTD of Cy was lower than expected. These results suggest that autoinduction of Cy metabolism (repeated administration of Cy at 24 hour intervals leads to increased hepatic cytochrome enzymes) could be a primary factor in the determination of the MTD. Future studies should aim to further characterize the pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of continuous infusion Cy in pediatric patients.
Justice As Subject and Object of Planning

Considerations of justice have moved to a central place in planning theory following Susan Fainstein's (2010) eloquent plea to elevate justice to the principal criterion for the evaluation of planning practice. Justice based on this understanding is the object of planning -the normative end that planning practice should strive to achieve. In this essay I explore the implications for planning theory and practice of making justice the subject rather than the object of planning. This formulation places justice at the center of rather than regarding it as the outcome of practice: what is of concern here is planning as the practice of justice rather than the justice of planning practice. The question for planning in this mode shifts from 'Is this a just outcome?' to 'What is justice in this situation?'. Based on John Dewey's pragmatist philosophy, this question transcends the dualisms between subject and object, and process and outcome, by understanding outcomes as already formulated (what Dewey called ends-in-view) in the process of their production. A planning process that takes justice as its subject is anti-foundational and contextual rather than universal, anticipatory rather than retrospective, generative of solutions rather than evaluative of outcomes, culturally encompassing rather than project-delimited, and inclusively democratic rather than expert-driven. Examples from a variety of sources illustrate the practice of justice as the subject of planning.
A 10-Year Follow-Up of Two-Incision and Modified Watson-Jones Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Long-term data and information indicating whether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches are safe and effective with total hip arthroplasty (THA) are lacking. Between 2004 and 2006, 75 patients with alcohol-related osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) who underwent 75 THAs with the two-incision approach were studied. The medical records, radiographic parameters, and functional outcomes were collected prospectively. All data were compared with those for matched patients who underwent a modified Watson-Jones (WJ) approach. THA using the two-incision approach was associated with longer operation time, more blood loss, more lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury, and more periprosthetic femoral fractures ( for all four) than the modified WJ approach. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) increased significantly from the period preoperatively to 6 weeks postoperatively and thereafter up to the last follow-up in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in terms of radiographic parameters and functional outcomes between the two groups throughout the study period. Both the two-incision and the modified WJ approach provided satisfactory results and survival rates at a mean follow-up of 10.8 years. A prospective, randomized, large-scale cohort study is still warranted for evidence-based recommendations.
Obesity and Inflammation and Altered Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

Background Clopidogrel is a key antiplatelet drug that has substantial interpatient variability in pharmacodynamic response. Patients with lesser degrees of platelet inhibition in response to clopidogrel appear to be at increased risk of cardiovascular events. Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to atherothrombotic events and represents a group of patients who are in need of optimized antithrombotic therapy. Central to the obesity-related risk of atherothrombosis is a pro-thrombotic state characterized by increased levels of coagulation factors, impaired fibrinolysis and platelet hyper-reactivity, which results from the interaction among the features clustering in obesity: insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Results A number of reports have demonstrated that obesity is a risk factor for a reduced clopidogrel pharmacodynamic response. The inflammatory state associated with obesity, particularly a metabolic endotoxemia, may set in motion, a number of mechanisms that increase platelet reactivity, suppress cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, and increase platelet turnover, all contributing to a poor clopidogrel response. Conclusion Comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-related high onclopidogrel platelet reactivity will help in the optimization of antithrombotic therapy in this patient population.
Shared Automated Mobility: Early Exploration and Potential Impacts

Automated vehicles, if shared, have the potential to blur the lines between public and private transportation services. This chapter reviews possible future shared automated vehicle (SAV) business models and their potential impacts on travel behavior. By examining the impacts of non-automated shared mobility services like carsharing and ridesourcing, we foster a better understanding of how current shared mobility services affect user behavior. This serves as a starting point to explore the potential impact of SAV services. Several key studies covering the topic are discussed. Although the future of SAVs is uncertain, this chapter begins the dialogue around SAV business models that may develop, which are informed by current shared mobility services.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Mu Rhythm Activity during Picture and Video Action Naming Tasks

This study used whole-head 64 channel electroencephalography to measure changes in sensorimotor activity—as indexed by the mu rhythm—in neurologically-healthy adults, during subvocal confrontation naming tasks. Independent component analyses revealed sensorimotor mu component clusters in the right and left hemispheres. Event related spectral perturbation analyses indicated significantly stronger patterns of mu rhythm activity (pFDR < 0.05) during the video condition as compared to the picture condition, specifically in the left hemisphere. Mu activity is hypothesized to reflect typical patterns of sensorimotor activation during action verb naming tasks. These results support further investigation into sensorimotor cortical activity during action verb naming in clinical populations.
Voluntary activation and variability during maximal dynamic contractions with aging

Whether reduced supraspinal activation contributes to age-related reductions in maximal torque during dynamic contractions is not known. The purpose was to determine whether there are age differences in voluntary activation and its variability when assessed with stimulation at the motor cortex and the muscle during maximal isometric, concentric, and eccentric contractions. Thirty young (23.6 ± 4.1 years) and 31 old (69.0 ± 5.2 years) adults performed maximal isometric, shortening (concentric) and lengthening (eccentric) contractions with the elbow flexor muscles. Maximal isometric contractions were performed at 90° elbow flexion and dynamic contractions at a velocity of 60°/s. Voluntary activation was assessed by superimposing an evoked contraction with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or with electrical stimulation over the muscle during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Old adults had lower MVC torque during isometric (− 17.9%), concentric (− 19.7%), and eccentric (− 9.9%) contractions than young adults, with less of an age difference for eccentric contractions. Voluntary activation was similar between the three contraction types when assessed with TMS and electrical stimulation, with no age group differences. Old adults, however, were more variable in voluntary activation than young (standard deviation 0.99 ± 0.47% vs. 0.73 ± 0.43%, respectively) to both the motor cortex and muscle, and had greater coactivation of the antagonist muscles during dynamic contractions. Thus, the average voluntary activation to the motor cortex and muscle did not differ with aging; however, supraspinal activation was more variable during maximal dynamic and isometric contractions in the old adults. Lower predictability of voluntary activation may indicate subclinical changes in the central nervous system with advanced aging.
Testing Theories of Criminal Decision Making: Some Empirical Questions about Hypothetical Scenarios

To study criminal decision making, researchers often present participants with a written vignette describing a hypothetical offense.Participants are then asked to self-report their likelihood of engaging in the offense, as well as their perceptions of the certainty and severity of various consequences. In this chapter, we examine two criticisms of the hypothetical scenario methodology. First, we consider whether self-reported intentions to offend are valid proxies for real-world criminal behavior. Second, we explore the possibility that researchers are inadvertently influencing perceptions of the costs and benefits of crime by providing participants with a predetermined list of consequences to consider. Using original datasets collected to examine these issues, we find that measurement error and methodological artifacts emerge when using hypothetical scenarios. Throughout the chapter, we balance the advantages to using hypothetical scenarios against the limitations of the methodology and the need for future research to better understand the validity of this technique.
Dispersion-engineered high quality lithium niobate microring resonators

We report dispersion-engineered lithium niobate microring resonators with optical Q above one million. In particular, we observed anomalous group-velocity dispersion for all three cavity mode families, with values around -0.5 ps2/m.
Accounting for Subjectivity (Point of View)

I discuss in this article some of the forms and interpretations usually covered by the phrase ‘point of view’. The term is used by linguists for expression of speech and thought, perspective, evidentiality, and other indications of an authorial voice. ‘Point of view’ is often used almost interchangeably with ‘viewpoint,’ ‘perspective,’ and ‘subjectivity’. This has led to considerable confusion. In what follows I will be concerned mainly with the notion as discussed by linguists, while recognizing that there is a strong literary tradition. I take it that all expressions of point of view are subjective, since they involve mind; I will use ‘subjective,’ and ‘subjectivity’ as general terms rather than ‘point of view.’
Chapter VI – Diseases of the Haematopoietic System: Blood and Bone-Marrow correlated to the Oral Tissues

Publisher Summary Loss of the red blood-cells, results in anemia. When sudden blood-loss occurs because of trauma, there is loss of blood-volume and shock. When the blood-loss is slow, there is a compensatory increase resulting in more plasma per unit of red blood-cells and less oxygen per unit (anoxia) of red blood-cells. Acute or chronic hemorrhage leads to acute and chronic anemias. Chronic hemorrhage results in the loss of iron and depletion of storage iron. The most important organ affected by chronic anemia is the bone-marrow. This chapter discusses the diseases of the hematopoietic system: blood and bone-marrow correlated to the oral tissues. Diseases of the hematopoietic system are of importance to the dental practitioner because the disease may frequently exhibit manifestations in the oral cavity. The dentist may be the first member of the healing professions to encounter the hematologic disease because the initial lesions may occur in the oral cavity. Gross oral manifestations of hematological diseases are easily noticed; however, many of the minor alterations in the oral mucosa may pass unnoticed. The oral manifestations of hematologic diseases are not pathognomonic of a specific disorder. However, the oral manifestations of hematologic disorders permit the dentist to make a provisional diagnosis and to have a high index of suspicion.
Recent Advances in Alumina

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the recent advances in alumina from one perspective and, certainly, does not cover all the advances especially those at high temperatures. Alumina continues to play an important role in the materials industry with the Bayer process still providing alumina after 100 years of continuous processing. Higher quality alumina, derived through improvements in refining of bauxite to alumina and also post processing of Bayer alumina, is being produced for aluminum production, ceramic applications, catalytic processing, and feedstocks for alumina and alumina-bearing products. In addition to these traditional applications of alumina that are continuously being improved, alumina is being studied as a part of a new frontier on nanophase materials and nanophase technology. A recent advance in this area is the formation of nanosized corundum, which is in contrast to the transitional aluminas that have been traditionally used in the applications that required nanosized alumina.
For a Global Shareholder Society

With the American economy seemingly stalling, the global economy thereby imperiled, and another electoral campaign season well underway in the U.S., the "outsourcing" of jobs from the developed to the developing world is again on the public agenda. Latest figures indicate not only that layoffs and claims for joblessness benefits are up in the U.S., but also that the rate of American job-exportation has more than doubled since the last electoral cycle. This year's American political candidates have been quick to take note. In consequence, more than at any time since the early 1990s, continued American, and with it other developed economies', participation in the World Trade Organization and processes of global economic integration more generally appear to be up for grabs. It is not clear, on reflection, how to regard these developments from a normative point of view. On the one hand, there seems no gainsaying the claim that the gradual removal of transnational trade and investment barriers have resulted in more rapid economic growth worldwide. And that growth appears to be lifting many once desperately poor persons out of their erstwhile penury. Yet on the other hand, there also would seem no denying that global trade and investment liberalization are wreaking losses at least as conspicuous as the gains. For many if not most of the victims of globalization are those who till recently occupied positions much like those that are coming to be occupied by globalization's more sympathetic beneficiaries, and who climbed out of them via precisely such legislated standards as offshoring firms now evade. Might we pay Peter without robbing Paul? This Article proposes an ethically and intuitively attractive answer to that question rooted in financial engineering. The key is to channel a portion of the globalization-wrought gains reaped by outsourcing firms to the outsourced employees themselves. This way the latter are directly benefited by the very processes that currently harm them. The method proposed is to adapt the familiar Employee Stock Ownership Plan, or "ESOP," to spread firm-shares not simply to current labor, but to outsourced and otherwise harmed "shadow" labor as well. The Article also proposes means of diversifying the portfolio risk that will face "OutsourceSOP" participants, and maps the supporting role apt to be played by such globalization-constitutive financial institutions as the IMF and the World Bank. In the long run, the Article urges, we have here the makings of a grander ambition that all the world's inhabitants can jointly support - a "Global Shareholder Society."
Intermittent consequences and problem solving: The experimental control of "superstitious" beliefs.

Three groups of college students were asked to determine how points were earned in a task that allowed the assessment of response variability. All students received points for sequences of eight presses distributed across two keys (four presses on each key). One group received a point for each correct sequence, one group received points on a fixed-ratio 2 schedule, and one group received points on a random-ratio 2 schedule. There were no significant differences in nonverbal response variability across the three groups, and the fixed-ratio 2 and random-ratio 2 groups obtained equivalent point totals. However, participants in the random-ratio group were significantly more likely to write verbal descriptions of the task that made reference to performance-consequence relations that were not in effect. The results demonstrate that superstitious rule generation is more probable when consequences are random and not merely intermittent.
Congenital Hypothyroidism: Inside Ireland’s Incline

* Abbreviations: NBS — : newborn screening TSH — : thyroid-stimulating hormone The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed after clinical presentation is 1:7000 to 1:10 000.1 As detected by newborn screening (NBS) programs starting in the mid-1970s, the incidence increased to 1:3800 to 1:4000,2 presumably reflecting detection of all cases. Then, between 2002 and 2010, several NBS programs in the United States3 and around the world4–6 reported a doubling of the incidence to 1:2000. What explains this rather dramatic increase over a few decades? In a workshop sponsored by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center held in 2008, several factors were found: Address correspondence to Stephen H. LaFranchi, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 707 SW Gaines St, Portland, OR 97239. E-mail: lafrancs{at}ohsu.edu
Insurgencies: Essays in Planning Theory

For nearly fifty years John Friedmann's writings have not just led the academic study of the discipline, but have given shape and direction to the planning profession itself. Covering transactive planning, radical planning, the concept of the Good City, civil society, rethinking poverty and the diversity of planning cultures, this collection of Friedmann's most important and influential essays tells a coherent and compelling story about how the evolution of thinking about planning over several decades has helped to shape its practice. With each essay given a new introduction to establish its context and importance, this is an ideal text for the study of planning theory and history.
Strategic Emission Fees: Using Green Technology to Deter Entry

We consider a sequential-move game in which a polluting monopolist chooses whether to acquire a green technology, and a potential entrant responds deciding whether to join the market and, upon entry, whether to invest in clean technology. Our paper compares two models: one in which environmental regulation is strategically set before firms’ decisions; and another where regulation is selected after firms’ entry and investment decisions. We show that a proactive regulation that strategically anticipates firms’ behavior can implement different market structures. In particular, policy makers can choose emission fees to induce competition and/or investment in clean technology, giving rise to market structures that maximize social welfare.
The spillover benefits of expanding access to preschool

Abstract I ask do spillover benefits exist from preschool. I exploit district and time variation in access to a state preschool program (CDEP) that targets disadvantaged four-year-olds (those eligible for free or reduced-price lunch or Medicaid). Using a difference-indifferences design, I estimate the effects by CDEP-eligibility status of CDEP exposure (residing in a CDEP district after launch at age four) on test scores. I find that CDEP benefits its targeted population and increases the math and reading scores of exposed, CDEP-ineligible students by about 0.13 and 0.14 standard deviations, respectively. These spillover effects may stem, in whole or in part, from improvements to classroom decorum via fewer behavioral disruptions.
Nature’s Economy and News Ecology

This essay challenges journalism scholars to confront critical ambiguities in the use of the news ecosystem metaphor in discourses on digital-age journalism. This metaphor is frequently used to suggest that news media take shape through spontaneous, self-ordering principles associated with ecological systems. At its worst, the news ecosystem metaphor simply stands for the news marketplace while, quite literally, naturalizing current trends in the diffusion and development of news practices. The intellectual history of the ecosystem concept shows its grounding in liberal economics and its association with a normative view that competitive individualism establishes a natural order. The conventional use of the ecosystem metaphor in debates about digital journalism frames the dynamics of news ecosystems as expressions of competing and symbiotic relations among news producers. This strips from view social, political, and economic decisions and norms that set the stage for the digital media landscape.
Response-Disequilibrium Therapy: Clinical Case Studies:

Basic learning theorists developed the response-disequilibrium model to resolve the long-standing psychological puzzle of how to specify in advance the circumstances that will yield reinforcement e...
Returns to Community Lending

For forty years, the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) has encouraged U.S. banks to lend to lower-income neighborhoods. Regarding costs, to comply with CRA, banks substitute away from small-business lending to higher income groups and face higher default rates on loans made. Regarding benefits, a large number of Americans have been lifted out of poverty through the CRA small-business lending channel. New jobs in establishments and new entrepreneurships are equally strong mechanisms to alleviate poverty. The incidence of the act is on smaller banks who lend relatively more than larger banks. Taxpayers benefit from lower welfare expenses as poverty declines.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Exocytosis

Abstract The fusion of synaptic vesicles and release of chemical transmitter from the axon terminal occurs very rapidly (in less than 1 ms), and is dependent upon an influx of calcium ions. What are the biochemical processes that trigger vesicle fusion, and how can they occur so quickly? First, vesicles are moved to the active zone and tethered to the plasma membrane to prepare them for release in advance of action potential activity. Second, a calcium sensor protein on synaptic vesicles holds the vesicle on the verge of fusion, waiting for the calcium ion trigger. Finally, when calcium ions enter the nerve terminal, they bind to the calcium sensor protein, releasing the hold on the synaptic vesicle, which facilitates very rapid fusion with the plasma membrane.
Predicting Right Ventricular Failure After LVAD Implantation: Role of Tricuspid Valve Annulus Displacement

Objectives Right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation increases postoperative morbidity and mortality. Whether intraoperative echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements predict right ventricular failure is unclear. Speckle-tracking-derived tricuspid annulus displacement may provide a useful, effective, and straightforward predictor of severe right ventricular failure in patients having left ventricular device implantation. The aim of this study was to determine if intraoperative tricuspid annulus displacement is a stronger discriminator compared with the global longitudinal strain and modified tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, the Michigan risk score, and pulmonary artery pulsatility index. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting A tertiary-care referral center. Participants Patients scheduled for left ventricular assist device implantation from January 2010 to December 2017. Interventions None Measurements and Main Results The authors examined 86 patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation with adequate intraoperative echocardiographic images. The analyses did not demonstrate an association between tricuspid annulus displacement and severe right ventricular failure (univariate C-statistics Conclusions Intraoperative echocardiographic parameters, including tricuspid annulus displacement, modified tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and strain, are poor discriminators of severe right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. The preoperative Michigan risk-scoring system and intraoperative pulmonary artery pulsatility index are equally unreliable.
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Stereotypic Behaviors in Autism: Small-n Meta-Analyses:

Physical exercise has shown the potential to reduce stereotypic behaviors. The current investigation conducted three meta-analyses on the effects of physical exercise on stereotypic behaviors in in...
Optimal Design of the Bearingless Induction Motor for Industrial Applications

This paper presents a framework for the optimal design of the bearingless induction motor intended for industrial compressor applications. A pole-specific rotor winding and a combined stator winding are used to improve the machine performance. An initial design is constructed by following a standard design procedure for AC machines. Design considerations and motor performance evaluation that are unique to the bearingless induction motor are discussed. The 50 kW, 30,000 r/min bearingless induction motor is optimized using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D). The Pareto front is shown in terms of torque density, efficiency, and ripple performance. Three optimal designs are selected according to different criteria. The improvement margin and tolerance of an optimal design is further investigated through a local sensitivity analysis. Typical optimized designs are found to have an efficiency of around 95.4% using 29-gauge M-19 steel and require less than 1% of the slot space for suspension current to levitate the rotor shaft.
Regeneration in the adult Drosophila brain

Abstract The location of nucleosomes in chromatin significantly impacts many biological processes including DNA replication, repair and gene expression. A number of techniques have been developed for mapping nucleosome locations in chromatin including MN-Seq (micrococcal nuclease digestion followed by next generation sequencing), ATAC-Seq (Tagamet chromatin fragmentation followed by next generation sequencing), and ChIP-Seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation and fragmentation followed by next generation sequencing). All of these techniques have been successfully used, but each with its own limitations. Recently, New England Biolabs has marketed a new kit, the NEBNext UltraII FS Library Prep kit, for preparing libraries for next generation sequencing from purified genomic DNA. This kit is based on a novel proprietary DNA fragmentation procedure which appears to cleave DNA that is not bound by proteins. Because DNA is fragmented directly in the FS kit, we tested whether the kit might also be useful for mapping the location of nucleosomes in chromatin. Using Simian Virus 40 (SV40) chromatin isolated at different times in an infection, we have compared nucleosome mapping using the NEB FS kit (FS-Seq) to MN-Seq, ATAC-Seq, and ChIP-Seq. Mapping nucleosomes using FS-Seq generated nucleosome profiles similar to those generated by ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq in regulatory regions of the SV40 genome. We conclude that FS-Seq is a simple, robust, cost-effective procedure for mapping nucleosomes in SV40 chromatin that should be useful for other forms of chromatin as well. We also present evidence that the FS kit may be useful for mapping the location of transcription factors in chromatin when sequencing reads between 75 and 99 base pairs in size are analyzed.
The Reverse Periacetabular Osteotomy: Indications and Surgical Technique

Pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement may be caused by acetabular retroversion or global acetabular overcoverage. Recent evidence suggests that open or arthroscopic acetabular rim resection for pincer-type impingement may remove essential weight bearing lunate cartilage with preliminary clinical results suggesting improved hip survivorship with anteverting periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) rather than rim resection. In cases of symptomatic pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement related to global acetabular overcoverage (lateral and anterior center edge angles >40°), a true reverse PAO, which flexes and abducts the acetabular fragment, may be used to reduce anterior and lateral coverage. We present the novel technique for true reverse PAO. Modifications of the reverse PAO when compared to the traditional PAO include: different orientation of the posterior column and ischial osteotomy cuts; the distinct corrective maneuvers to displace the acetabular fragment; bone resection from the iliac osteotomy surfaces to facilitate adequate correction; additional osteoplasty of the anterior ilium to prevent postoperative pressure on the femoral nerve, and steps to prevent subsidence into and nonunion of the posterior column gap created through correction. The reverse PAO is a powerful tool for surgical correction of global acetabular overcoverage. Further study is needed to demonstrate clinical efficacy and outcomes of this modification.
Vortex-antivortex physics in shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates

Shell-shaped hollow Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit behavior distinct from their filled counterparts and have recently attracted attention due to their potential realization in microgravity settings. Here we study distinct features of these hollow structures stemming from vortex physics and the presence of rotation. We focus on a vortex-antivortex pair as the simplest configuration allowed by the constraints on superfluid flow imposed by the closed-surface topology. In the two-dimensional limit of an infinitesimally thin shell BEC, we characterize the long-range attraction between the vortex-antivortex pair and find the critical rotation speed that stabilizes the pair against energetically relaxing towards self-annihilation. In the three-dimensional case, we contrast the bounds on vortex stability with those in the two-dimensional limit and the filled sphere BEC, and evaluate the critical rotation speed as a function of shell thickness. We thus demonstrate that analyzing vortex stabilization provides a nondestructive means of characterizing a hollow sphere BEC and distinguishing it from its filled counterpart.
Canabinoides na dor crónica: uma revisão baseada na evidência

Objetivo: Avaliar a evidencia existente relativa a eficacia de canabinoides no tratamento da dor cronica. Fontes de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library , TRIP Database , National Guideline Clearing House , Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines . Metodos de revisao: Utilizando os termos MeSH cannabis e chronic pain fez-se, em agosto de 2019, uma pesquisa de meta-analises (MA), revisoes sistematicas (RS), estudos observacionais (EO), ensaios clinicos (EC) e guidelines , publicados em portugues e ingles, sem limite temporal. Incluiram-se estudos realizados em adultos com dor cronica, independentemente da causa, submetidos a terapeutica com canabinoides, excluindo-se aqueles com intervencao em dor aguda. Utilizou-se a escala Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy , da American Academy of Family Physicians, para atribuir niveis de evidencia (NE) e forca de recomendacao (FR). Resultados : Dos 244 artigos encontrados, 16 cumpriram os criterios de inclusao: nove RS, quatro EC duplo-cegos aleatorizados e controlados com placebo, dois estudos retrospetivos de serie de casos e um estudo prospetivo de serie de casos. Todos os estudos selecionados abordavam dor cronica, mas de etiologia diversa (oncologica, neuropatica, reumatologica, visceral). Os resultados entre os estudos nao foram consistentes. Parece haver algum beneficio na dor neuropatica e na dor oncologica, embora haja consenso pelas revisoes de que serao necessarios estudos de maior dimensao e duracao para que a utilizacao de canabinoides tenha evidencia robusta. Podem verificar-se efeitos adversos gastrointestinais e nas funcoes cognitiva e motora, sobretudo com as preparacoes contendo maior dosagem de tetrahidrocanabinol. Nao ha evidencia para utilizacao em dor de origem reumatologica ou visceral. Nao se atribuiu NE 1 a qualquer estudo. Conclusoes: A utilizacao de canabinoides, embora promissora e com eventual beneficio identificado em pequenos estudos para alguns tipos de dor cronica (sobretudo a neuropatica), tem evidencia limitada (FR B) e requer a realizacao de ensaios de maior qualidade e dimensao. Devem ser considerados a eficacia e os possiveis efeitos secundarios a longo prazo em estudos de maior duracao, algo que podera ser alcancado com a crescente utilizacao dos farmacos na pratica clinica. Com base na evidencia disponivel, os canabinoides poderao ser uma solucao de ultima linha em casos de dor refrataria neuropatica e oncologica.
PROTECTING CHILDREN WHO WITNESS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

This article argues that the Nicholson v. Williams case was decided wrongly because it does not adequately protect the interests and welfare of children who witness domestic violence. It contends that the legal system must do more to ensure the well-being of children who witness domestic violence before permitting them to remain in the custody of their mothers who were living in violent relationships. The article does not support the notion that victims of domestic violence should be prosecuted for failure to protect or child abuse but argues that evidence reveals how detrimental witnessing domestic violence is on a child and that this necessitates the need for stricter measures to be taken to protect children from this danger.
Understanding the Paradox of Mental Effort in Online Learning Conversations

This study investigates inquiry-based interaction and learning outcomes mediated by two types of artifact-centered discourse environments. The study aims to promote social construction of knowledge by optimizing the division of mental effort between pragmatic and semantic grounding activities. We present a theoretical research model by combining social constructivism, grounding theory, and cognitive load theory. We carried out a quasi-experimental study using survey instruments, content analysis, sequential analysis, and knowledge tests for a holistic approach to understand the paradox of mental effort in online learning conversations. The primary finding of this study is that a linked artifact-centered discourse environment facilitates pragmatic grounding activities to attain a common ground in online learning conversations. Additionally, less need for pragmatic grounding activities leaves more room for semantic grounding activities. Finally, more semantic grounding activities lead to a deeper understanding of the learning material.
The body's response to health care provider communication: The impact of dominant versus facilitative styles.

Participant responses were compared for cancer genetic counselor provision of information provided in a dominant versus facilitative communication style. Participants watched two different segments of genetic counseling while heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were assessed. Communication style was determined by coding with the Roter interaction analysis system. Results supported a consistent contrast effect across measures, which was not moderated by trait emotional control. Individuals presented with the dominant style first exhibited a reduced HR for the facilitative segment as compared with participants who saw the facilitative style first. When viewing the dominant style first, participants rated the subsequent facilitative counselor as more friendly, submissive, and receptive and were more satisfied. An explanation for the findings is supported by positive and negative evaluative processes literature. The stress response is being increasingly examined within the context of social interactions. The interpersonal contexts of hostility and of low social support are now accepted determinants of both laboratory and naturalistic-induced stress responses and contribute to the development of coronary heart disease (e.g., Gallo, Smith, & Kircher, 2000; Uchino, 2004). A specific interpersonal context that has been less widely examined in the social psychophysiological literature is the autonomic correlates of interpersonal responses to social constraint or social dominance. According to the Social Cognitive Processing Model (SCPM; Lepore, 1992; Lepore, Evans, & Schneider, 1991; Lepore, Silver, Wortman, & Wayment, 1996), experiencing a stressful, controlling social interaction can lead to inhibition of emotions and has implications for health and psychological adjustment. From this perspective, health care providers, through their communication about a client's health or disease risk, have the potential to facilitate or hinder a client's emotional experience and response. In this analogue study, we compare acute autonomic responses to cancer genetic counselor provision of genetic risk information provided in two ways: social constraining and dominant style versus psychosocially and emotionally facilitative style. We suggest that acute cardiovascular reactivity associated with socially imposed emotional inhibition could impact the patient in two ways. First, acute cardiovascular reactivity, in the present study, is a marker for the distress associated with socially imposed emotional inhibition, which may or may not have consequences for long-term health. Second, we suggest that the acute effects may interfere with information processing and thus undermine the intended purpose of the provision of health information.
A spectral line list for water isotopologues in the 1100-4100 cm -1 region for application to CO 2 -rich planetary atmospheres

Abstract A line list of transitions for seven isotopologues of water vapor in the 1100–4100 wavenumber range has been constructed for application to atmospheres rich in CO 2 . The quantum transitions for H 2 16 O, H 2 18 O, H 2 17 O, HD 16 O, HD 18 O, and HD 17 O are from the 2012 HITRAN database (Rothman et al., 2013) and those for D 2 16 O are from the ab initio line list of Shirin et al. (2008). The database was constructed using the best available measured parameters and augmented with theoretical calculations. The half-width, γ , its temperature dependence, n , and the line shift, δ , are for CO 2 as the colliding partner or self-collisions and are determined using the Modified Complex Robert–Bonamy (MCRB) theory. The resulting line list contains 282 557 transitions and is available, in the HITRAN 2012 format, from the corresponding author or from the supplemental information of the journal.
Leisure themes in international advertising: a content analysis.

This study uses content analysis methodology to investigate the presence of leisure themes in over 500 international print advertisements. The incidence of six leisure dimensions is assessed: intri...
ID: 248: Interferon λ restructures the nasal microbiome and increases susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus superinfection

Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza respiratory infection is due to bacterial co-infection with pathogens that colonize the upper respiratory tract such as MRSA and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Several immune mechanisms have been identified that account for the interaction between viruses and bacteria, less well understood is how influenza increases susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia. Here we show that the immune response to infection with influenza causes an increase and restructuring of the upper respiratory microbiota in WT but not Il28r−/− mice, lacking the receptor for the type III interferons. Mice lacking IL-28R fail to induce STAT-1 phosphorylation and its regulation by SOCS1. The Il28r−/− mice have increased expression of IL-22 as well as Ngal and RegIIIg in the nasal cavity, the source of organisms that would be aspirated to cause pneumonia. Proteomic analysis reveals changes in several cytoskeletal proteins that contribute to barrier function in the nasal epithelium that may contribute to the effects of IL-28 signaling on the microbiota. The importance of the effects of IL-28 signaling in the pathogenesis of MRSA pneumonia post influenza were confirmed by showing that WT mice nasally colonized before or after influenza infection had significantly higher levels of infection in the upper airways, as well as significantly greater susceptibility to MRSA pneumonia compared to Il28r−/− mice. Our results suggest that the activation of the type III interferons in response to influenza has a major effect in expanding the upper airway microbiome and increasing susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infection.