cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diazoxide-Induced Cardioprotection Requires Signaling Through a Redox-Sensitive Mechanism

Diazoxide, a selective opener of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel, has been shown to elicit tolerance to ischemia in cardiac myocytes and in perfused heart. However, the mechanism of this cardioprotection is poorly understood. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized as important intracellular signaling molecules and have been implicated in ischemic preconditioning, we examined diazoxide-induced ROS production in adult cardiomyocytes. Cells treated with 50 micromol/L diazoxide showed a 173% increase in ROS production relative to baseline. 5-Hydroxydecanoate was found to attenuate the diazoxide-induced increase in ROS generation. The diazoxide-induced increase in ROS also was abrogated by the addition of either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or N-mercaptopropionylglycine. We also examined the ability of NAC to block the protective effects of diazoxide in the perfused rat heart. After 20 minutes of global ischemia and 20 minutes of reflow, hearts perfused with 100 micromol/L diazoxide before ischemia showed significantly improved postischemic contractile function relative to untreated hearts (84% versus 29% of initial left ventricular developed pressure, respectively). Hearts treated with diazoxide in the presence of 4 mmol/L NAC recovered 53% of initial left ventricular developed pressure, whereas hearts treated with NAC alone recovered 46% of preischemic function. Using (31)P NMR spectroscopy, we found that, similar to preconditioning, diazoxide significantly attenuated ischemia-induced intracellular acidification and enhanced post- ischemic recovery of phosphocreatine levels, both of which were blocked by cotreatment with NAC. These data suggest that the cardioprotective actions of diazoxide are mediated by generation of a pro-oxidant environment.
Unbounded Branches of Classical Injective Solutions to the Forced Displacement Problem in Nonlinear Elastostatics

We consider classical solutions of the equilibrium equations of nonlinear elastostatics under prescribed boundary displacements and body forces, both of which depend on a loading parameter. We employ recent results on global continuation [HS] that establish general existence of global continua of solutions in nonlinear elastostatics. Under reasonable hypotheses on the stored energy function we prove the existence of an unbounded branch of globally injective solutions to the boundary value problem.
Confounding Variables in Epidemiologic Studies: Basics and Beyond

This article discusses the importance, denition, and types of confounders in epidemiology. Methods to identify and address co nfounding are discussed, as well as their strengths and limitations. The article also describes the difference among confounders, mediators, and effect modiers.
Inhibition of Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation In Vitro by the 6- and 7-Hydroxy-Metabolites of Doxazosin, an α1-Adrenergic Antihypertensive Agent

Antioxidants may be of use in the prevention of coronary artery disease by inhibiting low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process that is believed to play an important role in atherogenesis. Because the structures of the 6- and 7-hydroxy-metabolites of doxazosin, an alpha 1-adrenergic-blocking antihypertensive agent, suggest that they might have antioxidant properties, studies were performed to determine whether these metabolites inhibit LDL oxidation. Micromolar concentrations of 6- and 7-hydroxydoxazosin, but not doxazosin itself, inhibited Cu(2+)-mediated oxidative modification of LDL in a dose-dependent fashion, similar to that observed with the lipophilic antioxidant, probucol. LDL modified in the presence of these metabolites was not taken up and degraded by macrophages to the same extent as LDL oxidized in their absence. In contrast to probucol, the antioxidant effect was lost after reisolation of LDL incubated with the metabolites. Whereas probucol, like vitamin E, sequesters with LDL, 3H-labeled 6- and 7-hydroxydoxazosin did not comigrate with lipoproteins on FPLC, but were associated with albumin and occurred free in solution. Thus, these metabolites of doxazosin may exert their antioxidant effect in the aqueous milieu of the lipoprotein, similar to vitamin C, and may be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis in hypertensive individuals.
Golgi sulfation of the oligosaccharide chain of P0 occurs in the presence of myelin assembly but not in its absence.

To decipher the intracellular targeting mechanism by which the major glycoprotein of peripheral nerve myelin, P0, is delivered to myelin after crush injury, as well as to the lysosome after permanent transection injury of the sciatic nerve--experimental paradigms characterized by the presence and absence of axonal regeneration and subsequent myelin assembly, respectively--the role of sulfation of P0 was investigated. P0 sulfation is shown to occur within the Golgi apparatus as a post-translational modification of the oligosaccharide chain which is dependent on processing beyond the action of mannosidase I. It is associated with myelination as observed during development and after crush injury, but does not occur after transection injury, even in the presence of the mannosidase II inhibitor, swainsonine, or the lysosomotrophic agent, L-methionine methyl ester. Although P0 accumulation can be demonstrated with both agents when other precursors are used (e.g. fucose, mannose, amino acids) and indicates lysosomal targeting and delivery of P0 after the action of GlcNAc transferase I, the absence of P0 sulfation after transection suggests that the lack of this modification may result in a default mechanism for lysosomal targeting after nerve transection. Lysosomal degradation of P0 was evaluated after crush injury by pulse-chase analyses with 35SO4 and [3H] mannose in the presence and absence of chlorate, an inhibitor of ATP-sulfarylase. Although P0 sulfation of the oligosaccharide chain is a stable modification whose labeling is dramatically inhibited by chlorate, no decrease in mannose-labeled P0 was seen with chlorate even with prolonged chase times. Because of this lack of degradation of mannose-labeled P0 in the presence of chlorate in the crushed nerve, it is concluded that the absence of P0 sulfation does not result in a default mechanism for lysosomal delivery.
HOW TO MAKE A PROFIT ON WASTE HEAT.

The possibility of using warm water from power stations to control the temperature of plant and animal enclosures is examined. With the heat from a nuclear station such as the 330-MW(electric) gas-...
Composition and Diversity of Avian Communities Using a New Urban Habitat: Green Roofs.

Green roofs on buildings are becoming popular and represent a new component of the urban landscape. Public benefits of green roof projects include reduced stormwater runoff, improved air quality, reduced urban heat island effects, and aesthetic values. As part of a city-wide plan, several green roofs have been constructed at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport (ORD). Like some other landscaping features, green roofs on or near an airport might attract wildlife and thus increase the risk of bird–aircraft collisions. During 2007–2011, we conducted a series of studies to evaluate wildlife use of newly constructed green roofs and traditional (gravel) roofs on buildings at ORD. These green roofs were 0.04–1.62 ha in area and consisted of primarily stonecrop species for vegetation. A total of 188 birds were observed using roofs during this research. Of the birds using green roofs, 66, 23, and 4 % were Killdeer, European Starlings, and Mourning Doves, respectively. Killdeer nested on green roofs, whereas the other species perched, foraged, or loafed. Birds used green roofs almost exclusively between May and October. Overall, avian use of the green roofs was minimal and similar to that of buildings with traditional roofs. Although green roofs with other vegetation types might offer forage or cover to birds and thus attract potentially hazardous wildlife, the stonecrop-vegetated green roofs in this study did not increase the risk of bird–aircraft collisions.
Site of mistletoe injection observed on In-111 OncoScint imaging.

In-111 satumomab pendetide (Cytogen Corp., Princeton, NJ) (OncoScint CR/OV) planar imaging was performed to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer in an 81-year-old woman. Imaging showed no evidence of recurrence. However, an area of increased uptake was noted in the left thigh. When she was questioned, the patient admitted that she had self-injected a privately imported medicine intramuscularly to that area. The active ingredient was mistletoe, that she believed would cure the colorectal cancer.
A Method of Modulation Recognition Based on Gaussian Process for Classification

Aiming at the poor stability and low recognition rate of traditional modulation recognition methods under low signal to noise ratio( SNR),a method of modulation recognition based on Gaussian process for classification( GPC) was proposed. Eleven character parameters were extracted from modulation signals and fitted by Gaussian process method to construct a recognizer of GPC to recognize analog and digital modulation signals simultaneously,which was compared with the recognizer based on support vector machine( SVM). The simulation results show that the proposed method has high recognition rate,strong stability,and strong adaptability for all the modulation signals,whose performance is much better than the SVM recognizer with an obvious superiority under low SNR,providing a new thought for modulation recognition based on signal characters.
The Impact of Establishment of Sino-Southeast Asian Alliance Free Trade Zone on Chinese Tropical Fruit Industry and Countermeasures

The present state of tropical fruit industry in China was analysized. The advantageous and disadvantageous factors to Chinese tropical fruit industry after establishment of Sino-Southeast Asian Alliance free trade zone was discussed. Some suggestions such as setting foothold on the domestic market and implementing scientific innovative strategy were made.
Biopsy Proven Hepatic Segmental Arteriolar Mediolysis Successfully Treated With Coil Embolization.

A 53-year-old female, hypertensive, former smoker presented to our hospital with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pneumonia. Laboratory investigation revealed elevated white blood cell count (12.1×109/L). Imaging of the patient involved computed tomography (CT) of the chest, revealing bilateral diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates in keeping with her diagnosis. Imaging included limited views of the upper abdomen significant for prominent vascular structures. Subsequently, she underwent CT angiography of her abdomen/pelvis, confirming a 2.4×1.6-cm enhancing lesion abutting the right hepatic artery near the liver hilum, consistent with an aneurysm, and an additional 8×3-mm aneurysm (Figure 1). Spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, adrenal glands, and kidneys were unremarkable. There was no lymphadenopathy. Further laboratory investigations showed normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (4 mm/h) and serum protein electrophoresis. Hepatitis and autoimmune (antinuclear antibody, extractable nuclear antigen antibody panel [anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-SmRNP, Scl-70, anti–Jo-1], rheumatoid factor CCP …
Optimization of a-SiGe solar cells for tandem structures

This paper systematically studies the effect of the a-SiGe:H band gap on the solar cell performance. We found that the Ge incorporation efficiency drops with increasing the GeH 4 /SiH 4 gas ratio. The Ge incorporation efficiency is the ratio between the Ge at. % to the GeH 4 /SiH 4 gas ratio and it starts from 4 at 5 % gas ratio and drops to 1 % at 80 % gas ratio. Therefore, it is preferable to use small gas ratios to enhance the Ge incorporation efficiency as the germane gas is expensive. The experimentally fabricated solar cells are compared to a numerical device simulation performed by 6–1D computer software. Both experimental and simulated results have the same behavior. Both simulation and experiment show that the best cell performance is achieved at energy gap E g = 1.4 eV, which is realized at 20% GeH 4 /SiH 4 gas ratio and corresponds to 50 % Ge at. %. The optimum deposition is achieved at a moderate Ge incorporation efficiency of 2.5. We introduce also a method to enhance the electronic quality of the layer without affecting its band gap by increasing the hydrogen dilution ratio during film growth. More dilution show lower band tails.
Eastern Mediterranean Economic Exchange during the Iron Age: Portable X-Ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation Analysis of Cypriot-Style Pottery in the Amuq Valley, Turkey

Two markers of regional exchange in the Eastern Mediterranean during the first millennium BCE are the White Painted and Bichrome Wares from Cyprus’s Cypro-Geometric and Cypro-Archaic periods. Although these ceramics are often assumed to be imports from Cyprus, excavations in southern Turkey at sites such as Tarsus-Gozlukule, Kilise Tepe, Sirkeli Hoyuk, and Kinet Hoyuk suggest that at least some of this pottery was produced locally, requiring a major revision of our understanding of economic interaction in the Eastern Mediterranean. We employ a combination of portable x-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis to investigate the White Painted and Bichrome Wares recovered from Tell Tayinat, Catal Hoyuk, and Tell Judaidah, three sites in the Amuq Valley of southeastern Anatolia. Our results demonstrate that a clear geochemical distinction exists between imported and local versions of this pottery. Through comparison with legacy datasets, we locate the likely origin of the imported pottery in the Circum-Troodos sediments of central and southern Cyprus. The secondary and tertiary settlements of Catal Hoyuk and Tell Judaidah had access only to this imported material. In contrast, the inhabitants of Tell Tayinat, capital city of the region, consumed both imported and locally produced White Painted and Bichrome Wares. This pattern cannot be explained in purely economic terms whereby the frequency of imports decreases as distance from the point of production increases. Instead, we suggest that elite feasting practices drove demand, resulting in either local potters producing Cypriot-style pottery or Cypriot potters settling in the vicinity of Tell Tayinat. These findings offer new insights into the relationship between historically attested Iron Age kingdoms in southern Turkey and Cyprus and complicate our understanding of exchange in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Iron Age.
A Five-Year, In Situ Growth Study on Shallow-Water Populations of the Gorgonian Octocoral Calcigorgia spiculifera in the Gulf of Alaska

Gorgonian octocorals are the most abundant corals in Alaska where they provide important structural habitat for managed species of demersal fish and invertebrates. Fifty-nine gorgonian species have been reported from Alaska waters but little is known about their life history characteristics to help us gauge their ability to recover from seafloor disturbance. Colonies of the holaxonian Calcigorgia spiculifera were tagged beginning in 1999 at three sites in Chatham Strait, Southeast Alaska, using scuba and their growth measured annually for up to 5 years. Colonies were video recorded, and computer image analysis tools provided calibration of video images for measuring the length of several branches. Growth data indicate that C. spiculifera grows much slower (6.0 mm yr-1) than other gorgonians in Alaska for which there are data and that intraspecific growth is highly variable. We fit a Bayesian linear mixed-effects model that showed that average colony growth was significantly reduced with warmer temperature and presence of necrosis. The model further indicated that growth may slow among larger (older) colonies. Based on these results and previous studies, we propose that gorgonian growth rates are taxonomically constrained at the Suborder level and that holaxonians grow the slowest followed by scleraxonians and calcaxonians (2-3 times as fast). Findings of this study indicate that it would take approximately 60 years for C. spiculifera to grow to its maximum size and depending on the location and size of the parental standing stock, at least one and possibly 10 additional years for recruitment to occur. Our results further indicate that colonies that are injured, perhaps chronically in areas of frequent disturbance, grow at slower rates and if the current trend of ocean warming continues then we can expect these corals to grow more slowly, and the habitats they form will require more time to recover from disturbance.
Solvent-free dry powder coating process for low-cost manufacturing of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes in lithium-ion batteries

Abstract We report a solvent-free dry powder coating process for making LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC) positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. This process eliminates volatile organic compound emission and reduces thermal curing time from hours to minutes. A mixture of NMC, carbon black, and poly(vinylidene difluoride) was electrostatically sprayed onto an aluminum current collector, forming a uniformly distributed electrode with controllable thickness and porosity. Charge/discharge cycling of the dry-powder-coated electrodes in lithium-ion half cells yielded a discharge specific capacity of 155 mAh g −1 and capacity retention of 80% for more than 300 cycles when the electrodes were tested between 3.0 and 4.3 V at a rate of C/5. The long-term cycling performance and durability of dry-powder coated electrodes are similar to those made by the conventional wet slurry-based method. This solvent-free dry powder coating process is a potentially lower-cost, higher-throughput, and more environmentally friendly manufacturing process compared with the conventional wet slurry-based electrode manufacturing method.
Single Pulse Polarimetry of the Vela Pulsar

Multi-frequency, single-pulse polarimetric observations of the Vela pulsar have been made using the VLA. These high time resolution measurements allow us to probe the geometry, and the time dependent characteristics of the radio emission region. Evidence for multiple emission components with differing spectral indices is found.
Dengue vaccines: implications for dengue control.

Purpose of reviewDengue, the most common arbovirus, is an increasingly significant cause of morbidity worldwide. After decades of research, an approved tetravalent dengue vaccine is finally available. Models constructed using recently available vaccine efficacy data allow for a data-driven discussio
Monilial granuloma: Diagnosis and treatment of a case of chronic localized mucocutaneous candidiasis

Abstract Since the dentist may be the first professional person to see the lesions of monilial granuloma, it is important that he have some awareness of this rare and complex form of candidiasis. A knowledge of the possible complications of the disease and of the appropriate precautions is essential if the patient is to receive proper care.
TLK286, a novel glutathione analog prodrug, is synergistic with carboplatin and paclitaxel as a triplet in human cancer cells

4991 TLK286 is a glutathione analog cancer prodrug which can be activated by GST P1-1, an enzyme often over-expressed in ovarian, non-small cell lung, breast, colorectal, pancreatic cancers and lymphoma. The activation of TLK286 releases two electrophilic fragments, a phosphorodiamidate and a glutathione analog vinyl sulfone that subsequently induce apoptosis. TLK286 has shown significant antitumor activity as a single agent in ovarian, non-small cell lung, breast and colon cancers and has non-overlapping toxicity and non-cross-resistance to standard anticancer agents. To support the continued development of TLK286 in combination regimens, we have tested TLK286 in combination with platinum and taxane based drugs in vitro. In OVCAR3 ovarian and A549 lung cancer cells, the combination of TLK286 with either paclitaxel or carboplatin showed marked enhancement of cytotoxicity when compared to the standard agents alone. Furthermore, in OVCAR3 cells that were made 30-fold resistant to paclitaxel, the combination of TLK286 and paclitaxel showed enhanced cytotoxicity, suggesting that TLK286 was capable of restoring sensitivity to paclitaxel. In OVCAR3 cells, the addition of TLK286 to the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in significant synergy as evidenced by the increased cytotoxicity of the triplet compared to the sum of TLK286 and the carboplatin-paclitaxel doublet combination. These data confirm that TLK286 is a promising candidate for triplet combination therapy and provides support for an ongoing multicenter Phase 2 study using carboplatin, paclitaxel and TLK286 in frontline non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Examining language and early numeracy skills in young Latino dual language learners

Abstract This study examined the association of oral language, including expressive vocabulary and grammar comprehension, with early numeracy skills within and across languages in Spanish–English speaking Latino children who are dual language learners (DLLs) at the beginning of preschool. Three hundred and forty-two typically developing Spanish–English speaking DLLs from urban preschool centers serving low-income families participated in this multisite study. Oral language and early numeracy skills were assessed in both Spanish and English at the beginning of the preschool year using standardized assessments. Step-wise regressions using baseline cross-sectional data were completed to determine the association of language skills in Spanish and English with early numeracy skills both within and across languages. Results revealed that a large percentage of the variance in the early numeracy skills of these Latino DLL preschoolers was explained by same language variables including expressive vocabulary and grammar comprehension. These findings suggest a strong association of oral language abilities and early numeracy skills within the same language in Latino Preschool DLLs at the beginning of preschool.
Discoveries Made while Reconnecting God's Story to Scripture and Service:

Story was much more nuanced than I had ever anticipated. Cross-cultural experience drove home the need to identify and define the various nuances of story. This resulted in a three-tier classification of stories. I then reevaluated the role of narrative and metanarrative as well. Will these classifications eliminate noise in communication? Certainly not, but they will definitely help Christian teachers maximize clarity, thereby facilitating authentic transformation as individuals find their place in God's story.
Gene Transfer in Eukaryotes

Somatic cell genetics relies on parasexual events in in vitro cell populations. The analysis of parasexuality can be used to make inferences on the genetic organization of the test material. The approach is general and can be applied currently to any mammalian species, and to any eukaryote with the future development of appropriate cell culture methods. Parasexuality can be defined more specifically in terms of gene transfer and gene loss mechanisms. Gene transfer mechanisms will be emphasized, because they can be more rigorously defined and controlled in experimental terms.
Customer Analyst for the Telecom Industry

The telecommunications industry is particularly rich in customer data, and telecom companies want to use this data to prevent customer churn, and improve the revenue per user through personalization and customer acquisition. Massive-scale analytics tools provide an opportunity to achieve this in is a flexible and scalable way. In this context, we have developed IBM Customer Analyst, a components library to analyze customer behavioral data and enable new insights and business scenarios based on the analysis of the relationship between users and the content they create and consume. Due to the massive amount of data and large number of users, this technology is built on IBM Infosphere BigInsights and Apache Hadoop. In this work, we first describe an efficient user profiling framework, with high user profiling quality guarantees, based on mobile web browsing log analysis. We describe the use of the Open Directory Project categories to generate user profiles. We then describe an end-to-end analysis flow and discuss its challenges. Last, we validate our methods through extensive experiments based on real data sets.
Segmental Movement and Vibrations

In the preceding chapter we described motion in the Newtonian form. An animal is considered to be a collection of particles, and particle movement is expressed in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, external forces, and forces of interaction between particles. In application to biomechanics, one finds that the terms F IJ in Eq. (1.1:7), that describe the mutual interaction between particles, are the most troublesome. For example, in the analysis of human locomotion, we must know the forces in all the muscles of the legs. But the human musculoskeletal system is highly redundant and the determination of the forces in the muscles is one of the most difficult problems in biomechanics (see Sec. 2.8 infra). Hence there is a need for a method that does not require such detailed information. The method of Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) offers such an alternative in terms of work and energy. If the kinetic and potential energies are known as functions of the generalized coordinates and their derivatives with respect to time, and if the work done by the external forces can be computed when a generalized coordinate changes, then the equations of motion can be written down.
Perplexities related to Fourier's 17 line problem

SummaryIn 1788 a young Joseph Fourier posed to his teacher the following little problem in geometry: arrange 17 lines in the plane so as to form 101 points of intersection, assuming there are no “multiple points”; that is, no more than two lines are concurrent. It is not difficult to show that there are just four essentially different such arrangements.In this note we recap results we found 30 years ago and show more generally that if multiple points are permitted but no two lines are allowed to be parallel, then there are 20 essentially different such arrangements; and if both parallels and multiple points are permitted, there are 924 essentially different such arrangements.The perplexing question is what, exactly, is meant for two arrangements of lines to be essentially the same. We consider this matter briefly and conclude that we do not know how to formulate a suitable definition.
The Left-Associative Algorithm

This chapter presents the formal definition of left-associative syntax. A formal definition is the precondition for the analysis of generative capacity (Chapter 7), automata theoretic characterization (Chapter 8), and the analysis of computational complexity (Chapter 10).
A Problematic Process

Relying heavily on primary sources, this chapter examines the initial human trials of Jonas E. Salk’s polio vaccine at the D. T. Watson Home for Crippled Children and Polk State School. The consent process involved the state of Pennsylvania, parents, and institutions. It also covers the internecine battles within the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis/March of Dimes over human trials. Finally, it closes with a reconsideration of self-experimentation.
NETWORK-STABILIZED BULK HETEROJUNCTION ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS

Bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are multilayer organic devices that can be fabricated using low-cost and scalable solution processing methods, but current devices exhibit poor mechanical stability and degrade under deformation due to cracking and delamination. Recent approaches to improve mechanical durability involve modifying the side-chain or main-chain structures of conjugated polymers in the active layer, but in general it is difficult to simultaneously optimize electronic properties, morphology, and mechanical stability. Here, we present a general approach to improve the mechanical stability of bulk heterojunction active layers through incorporation of an internal elastic network. Network-stabilized bulk heterojunction OPVs are prepared using reactive small molecular additives that are rapidly cross-linked through thiol–ene coupling after processing the active layer. Thiol–ene reactions catalyzed by a base or initiated through short exposure to UV light produce insoluble, elas...
Thermometry in gas flows using two-line fluorescence imaging and structured illumination

We present a feasibility demonstration of the instantaneous determination of temperature fields in gaseous flows based on planar laser-induced fluorescence by integrating structured illumination with the two-line thermometry technique using nitric oxide as a tracer. This approach allows the capture of two fluorescence images originating from the simultaneous probe of two rotational states of nitric oxide (X2Π, v” = 0) using one detector and their subsequent deconvolution using spatial frequency analysis. Average experimental temperature measurements in an underexpanded jet demonstrate the viability of this approach, suggesting that the laser spatial modulation frequency and laser orientation with respect to the flow field under study impose the achievable spatial resolution limits.
Supporting Students Living With Mental Illness

Long hours, pressure to meet deadlines, and fear of failure are just some of the stressors that affect CS students and professionals alike, leading to burnout, anxiety and depression. These issues are particularly amplified in students who are already living with diagnosed mental illnesses such as bipolar mood disorder, schizophrenia, or autism spectrum disorder. A quarter of the world's population lives with some form of mental illness, and recent research suggests that 50% of those working in the tech community have been diagnosed with a mental illness, a statistic that may actually underestimate the problem because of stigmas in certain cultures and communities around seeking mental health services. These numbers suggest a significant need for awareness and support in the CS education community. This BOF will provide attendees an opportunity to discuss the mental illnesses that affect CS students and how to create a culture of understanding and support within their communities.
Characteristics of Health Care Organizations Associated With Clinician Trust: Results From the Healthy Work Place Study.

Importance There is new emphasis on clinician trust in health care organizations but little empirical data about the association of trust with clinician satisfaction and retention. Objective To examine organizational characteristics associated with trust. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study uses data collected from 2012 to 2014 from 34 primary care practices employing physicians (family medicine and general internal medicine) and advanced practice clinicians (nurse practitioners and physician assistants) in the upper Midwest and East Coast of the United States as part of the Healthy Work Place randomized clinical trial. Analyses were performed from 2015 to 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinician trust was measured using a 5-item scale, including belonging, loyalty, safety focus, sense of trust, and responsibility to clinicians in need (range, 1-4, with 1 indicating low and 4 indicating high; Cronbach α = 0.77). Other metrics included work control, work atmosphere (calm to chaotic), organizational culture (cohesiveness, emphases on quality and communication, and values alignment; range, 1-4, with 1 indicating low and 4 indicating high), and clinician stress (range, 1-5, with 1 indicating low and 5 indicating high), satisfaction (range, 1-5, with 1 indicating low and 4 indicating high), burnout (range, 1-5, with 1 indicating no burnout and 5 indicating very high feeling of burnout), and intention to leave (range, 1-5, with 1 indicating no intention to leave and 5 indicating definite intention to leave). Analyses included 2-level hierarchical modeling controlling for age, sex, specialty, and clinician type. Cohendeffect sizes (ESs) were considered small at 0.20, moderate at 0.50, and large at 0.80 or more. Results The study included 165 clinicians (mean [SD] age, 47.3 [9.2] years; 86 [52.1%] women). Of these, 143 (87.7%) were physicians and 22 (13.3%) were advanced practice clinicians; 105 clinicians (63.6%) worked in general internal medicine, and 60 clinicians (36.4%) worked in family medicine. Compared with clinicians with low levels of trust, clinicians who reported high levels of trust had higher mean (SD) scores for work control (2.49 [0.52] vs 2.18 [0.45];P Conclusions and Relevance Addressing low levels of trust by improving work control and emphasizing quality, cohesion, communication, and values may improve clinician satisfaction, stress, and retention.
Content of xylose, trehalose and L-citrulline in cucumber fermentations and utilization of such compounds by certain lactobacilli

This research determined the concentration of trehalose, xylose and L-citrulline in fresh and fermented cucumbers and their utilization by Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus buchneri. Targeted compounds were measured by HPLC and the ability of certain lactobacilli to utilize them was scrutinized in fermented cucumber juice. Fresh cucumber juice was supplemented with trehalose, xylose and L-citrulline to observed mixed culture fermentations. Changes in the biochemistry, pH and colony counts during fermentations were monitored. Trehalose was detected in fermentations to 15.51 ± 1.68 mM. Xylose was found in a fresh cucumber sample to 36.05 mM. L-citrulline was present in fresh and fermented cucumber samples to 1.05 ± 0.63 mM. Most of the lactobacilli tested utilized trehalose and xylose in FCJM at pH 4.7. L-citrulline was utilized by L. buchneri and produced by other LAB. L-citrulline (12.43 ± 2.3 mM) was converted to ammonia (14.54 ± 3.60 mM) and the biogenic amine ornithine (14.19 ± 1.07 mM) by L. buchneri at pH 4.7 in the presence of 0.5 ± 0.2 mM glucose enhancing growth by 0.5 log CFU/mL. The use of a mixed starter culture containing L. buchneri aided in the removal of L-citrulline and enhanced the fermentation stability. The utilization of L-citrulline by L. buchneri may be a cause of concern for the stability of cucumber fermentations at pH 3.7 or above. This study identifies the use of a tripartite starter culture as an enhancer of microbial stability for fermented cucumbers.
Utilization of a Voice-Based Virtual Reality Advanced Cardiac Life Support Team Leader Refresher: Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The incidence of cardiac arrests per year in the United States continues to increase, yet in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates significantly vary between hospitals. Current methods of training are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to scale, which necessitates improvements in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training. Virtual reality (VR) has been proposed as an alternative or adjunct to high-fidelity simulation (HFS) in several environments. No evaluations to date have explored the ability of a VR program to examine both technical and behavioral skills and demonstrate a cost comparison. Objective: This study aimed to explore the utility of a voice-based VR ACLS team leader refresher as compared with HFS. Methods: This prospective observational study performed at an academic institution consisted of 25 postgraduate year 2 residents. Participants were randomized to HFS or VR training and then crossed groups after a 2-week washout. Participants were graded on technical and nontechnical skills. Participants also completed self-assessments about the modules. Proctors were assessed for fatigue and task saturation, and cost analysis based on local economic data was performed. Results: A total of 23 of 25 participants were included in the scoring analysis. Fewer participants were familiar with VR compared with HFS (9/25, 36% vs 25/25, 100%; P<.001). Self-reported satisfaction and utilization scores were similar; however, significantly more participants felt HFS provided better feedback: 99 (IQR 89-100) vs 79 (IQR 71-88); P<.001. Technical scores were higher in the HFS group; however, nontechnical scores for decision making and communication were not significantly different between modalities. VR sessions were 21 (IQR 19-24) min shorter than HFS sessions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index scores for proctors were lower in each category, and VR sessions were estimated to be US $103.68 less expensive in a single-learner, single-session model. Conclusions: Utilization of a VR-based team leader refresher for ACLS skills is comparable with HFS in several areas, including learner satisfaction. The VR module was more cost-effective and was easier to proctor; however, HFS was better at delivering feedback to participants. Optimal education strategies likely contain elements of both modalities. Further studies are needed to examine the utility of VR-based environments at scale.
Helping spine surgeons detect pre-surgical psychological distress in complex spine patients: an observational pilot study

Retrospective analysis. Analysis of a standardized, pre-surgical psychological evaluation program for complex spine surgery. Adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients have a high rate of comorbid mental health conditions. Although there is a body of literature demonstrating the impact of psychological factors, including anxiety and depression, on spine surgery outcome, it is estimated that spine surgeons utilize a psychological assessment only about one third of the time prior to a patient’s spine surgery. At this time, there is not a widely reported pre-surgical psychological evaluation program for ASD patients. 129 consecutive complex spine surgery candidates receiving a pre-surgical psychological evaluation were analyzed between January 1st 2014 and December 31st 2018. Based on the available literature and professional experience in our facility, a color code for patients was developed from Green (low psychological or psychosocial co-morbidity) to Red (high psychological or psychosocial co-morbidity). Univariate analysis was used to evaluate between color grades and demographics, mental health disorders and outcomes. 83% of complex spine patients had at least one psychological disorder or psychosocial barrier. Only 17% had a combination of realistic expectations for surgery, a good support plan, and were without a history of mental illness. The pre-surgical psychological color criteria were validated in showing higher rates of major depression, anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder in moderate to severe color grades (p < .001) in addition to higher PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (p < .001). Patients having a more severe color grade had lower rates of a discharge home and were taking higher morphine equivalent dosages (MEDs) at their six-month follow-up, though both did not reach statistical significance (p = .07 and p = .08; respectively). A comprehensive pre-surgical psychological evaluation may be beneficial to risk stratify and counsel patients being evaluated for surgical reconstruction of adult spinal deformities. 3
BIOPROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE OBSTRUCTION FROM LEFT ATRIAL THROMBUS PRESENTING WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Bioprosthetic valve obstruction is a feared complication associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. High clinical suspicion is needed for prompt recognition and treatment. A 70-year-old female with a bioprosthetic valve for mitral prolapse placed nine years prior presented in atrial
Ethically Representing Drug Use: Photographs and Ethnographic Research with People Who Use Methamphetamine

The use of photographs in criminological research can be an important tool for both collecting data and illustrating findings. When used in published research, photographs can aid in viewers connecting with the subject matter and the participants. However, photographs can also reify and reinforce cultural stereotypes. We believe that the potential damage done by including photographs can be mitigated when the photographs are properly contextualized. Our aim here is to argue for the value of contextualized photographs in research with those who engage in crime or deviance. We illustrate how by including the stories of participants and ourselves we can complicate cultural narratives and act as counter-visuals for stigmatized images found in the media.
Deterministic linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for patient-specific CT dose estimation: Comparison against a Monte Carlo benchmark for realistic scanner configurations and patient models

Purpose Epidemiological evidence suggests an increased risk of cancer related to computed tomography (CT) scans, with children exposed to greater risk. The purpose of this work is to test the reliability of a linear Boltzmann transport equation (LBTE) solver for rapid and patient-specific CT dose estimation. This includes building a flexible LBTE framework for modeling modern clinical CT scanners and to validate the resulting dose maps across a range of realistic scanner configurations and patient models. Methods In this study, computational tools were developed for modeling CT scanners, including a bowtie filter, overrange collimation, and tube current modulation. The LBTE solver requires discretization in the spatial, angular, and spectral dimensions, which may affect the accuracy of scanner modeling. To investigate these effects, this study evaluated the LBTE dose accuracy for different discretization parameters, scanner configurations, and patient models (male, female, adults, pediatric). The method used to validate the LBTE dose maps was the Monte Carlo code Geant4, which provided ground truth dose maps. LBTE simulations were implemented on a GeForce GTX 1080 graphic unit, while Geant4 was implemented on a distributed cluster of CPUs. Results The agreement between Geant4 and the LBTE solver quantifies the accuracy of the LBTE, which was similar across the different protocols and phantoms. The results suggest that 18 views per rotation provides sufficient accuracy, as no significant improvement in the accuracy was observed by increasing the number of projection views. Considering this discretization, the LBTE solver average simulation time was approximately 30 s. However, in the LBTE solver the phantom model was implemented with a lower voxel resolution with respect to Geant4, as it is limited by the memory of the GPU. Despite this discretization, the results showed a good agreement between the LBTE and Geant4, with root mean square error of the dose in organs of approximately 3.5% for most of the studied configurations. Conclusions The LBTE solver is proposed as an alternative to Monte Carlo for patient-specific organ dose estimation. This study demonstrated accurate organ dose estimates for the rapid LBTE solver when considering realistic aspects of CT scanners and a range of phantom models. Future plans will combine the LBTE framework with deep learning autosegmentation algorithms to provide near real-time patient-specific organ dose estimation.
Eco-Cooling Control Strategy for Automotive Air-Conditioning System: Design and Experimental Validation

The operation of the air-conditioning (A/C) system can significantly increase the energy consumption of passenger vehicles. In this article, aiming at reducing the vehicle-level energy consumption in hot weather, an optimization-based energy-efficient control strategy for the A/C system, which is referred to as the eco-cooling, is developed and experimentally validated. The proposed eco-cooling strategy leverages the A/C system efficiency sensitivity to the vehicle speed and the thermal storage of the passenger cabin to coordinate the A/C operation with vehicle speed profile by actively shifting the A/C thermal load toward the more efficient region at higher vehicle speeds. The proposed strategy exploits model predictive control and incorporates speed preview information while enforcing constraints. The effectiveness of the control strategy is first demonstrated on a high-fidelity simulation model and then implemented experimentally on a hybrid electric vehicle. Repeatable vehicle tests show that, over a real-world city driving cycle, an average energy saving of 5.7% can be achieved at the vehicle level using the proposed eco-cooling strategy compared with a baseline A/C control strategy that runs A/C with a constant setting. This energy-saving is achieved, while the proposed eco-cooling strategy delivers a similar amount of cooling energy to the cabin compared with that of the baseline strategy with a 2.7% difference on average.
A Vision-Based Feedback and Supervision System for Robotic Swarms

A robotic swarm is a large collection of simplistic robots that use decentralized control to achieve a coordinated behavior. The individual robots make decisions based on data collected from their interactions with one another as well as their interactions with their environment. In this work, we are suggesting an interventional, vision-based supervision system that when needed provides feedback to individual robots in the decentralized swarm to improve the overall swarm performance. Using a spotlight, the system provides closed feedback to the system. The suggested system does not replace the individual controllers or swarm behaviors on each robot but complement them when the need arises. The system was tested on two different applications. In the first application, the system showed a 100% success rate in preventing a robot from exhibiting a negative behavior. In the second application, the system was used to support a robot perform a positive behavior. The results show that using the system results in an average speed up of more than 4 times.
Sound out the hidden colors: Photoacoustic imaging in deep tissues

Acoustically detecting the optical absorption contrast, photoacoustic imaging can overcome the penetration limit of traditional optical imaging and can provide rich functional and molecular information at large depths.
Simulation in agent-based manufacturing control systems

The paper discusses the requirements put on simulation environments for agent-based manufacturing systems. Such a simulation environment should consist of the agent control part, the emulation part (emulating the physical controlled equipment), a run-time interface and a GUI. A Rockwell-specific universal run-time interface solution for PLC (programmable logic controller) is briefly described. The MAST simulation environment for material handling purposes designed and implemented in Java is presented. The main advantage of this environment is the fact it enables to re-use the simulation code in the real physical control.
Temperature dependence of electronic transitions in MgO, α-Al 2 O 3 , and α-SiO 2 : Final-state effects on phonon coupling

We present temperature-dependent soft-x-ray emission and soft-x-ray absorption measurements on MgO, \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$. The measurements show in detail the final-state effect on phonon broadening for transitions involving the Mg 2P core state in MgO. In addition, we report the temperature dependence of emission and absorption features for MgO, \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$. The temperature dependence of the transitions involving the valence- and conduction-band states should be an important check on band-structure calculations. These results are compared to published temperature-dependent optical-reflectivity measurements.