cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular absorption spectroscopy of the atmospheric pressure air DBD

Summary form only given. Recently, the use of non-equilibrium high pressure plasmas in material processing has witnessed a spectacular growth. This is due to the fact that these plasmas are practical and economical sources of chemically reactive species. Identification and measurement of the concentrations of those species is essential for the optimization of the treatment process. Dielectric barrier discharges, in particular, are attractive sources due to their simplicity and stability. In our experimental setup the plasma is ignited between two alumina plates, separated by 6 mm gap. The active species generated in the discharge are transferred by the gas flow (varying from 0 to 10 l/min) to the adjacent compartment, where the sample under treatment is located. Earlier, the optical emission study of this discharge was done in terms of relative OH, NO, O, N/sub 2/, and N/sub 2//sup +/ concentrations in the plasma. This work is devoted to the measurement of the absolute concentrations of nitric oxides (NO/sub x/) and ozone for different plasma operating conditions by means of absorption spectroscopy. Since the bands of ozone and NO/sub 2/ are overlapping, the absolute ozone concentration is also measured independently by means of iodometric titration. A Xenon 300 W ozone-free lamp was chosen to be a light source for absorption measurements due to its almost constant spectral irradiance in the UV-visible wavelength range.
Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Properties Affecting Wind Forecasting in Coastal Regions.

Abstract Atmospheric boundary-layer properties and processes in gulf and coastal regions have special characteristics that are important in forecasting winds and ocean forcing. Accurate coastal-wind predictions require knowledge of local responses to a given synoptic-forcing scenario. The overwater surface roughness effect on wind stress, specified by a neutral drag coefficient, for a 15 m s−1 surface wind averages 25% higher in coastal regions than in open-ocean regions. The change in sea state associated with a sharp sea surface temperature gradient (front) caused a 10%–20% increase in neutral drag coefficient. Sea-state and wind-wave orientation changes associated with an atmospheric cold front increased the neutral drag coefficient by a factor of 2 for a 3–4-h period following the frontal passage. The effect of increased drag coefficient on surface wind speed is to slow it down by an amount that depends on the height of the inversion base and other processes within the boundary layer. An example of a ...
Oedipal Issues in Counseling Psychology

The current status of counseling psychology is analyzed from the perspective of a Freudian, drive-structure theory. It is argued that counseling psychology has committed the classical response to the Oedipal conflict in its treatment of counselor education by identifying with the aggressor (i.e., psychiatry and clinical psychology). A more unified relationship between counseling psychology and counselor education is recommended.
β-Conglycinin and Glycinin in High-Protein Soybean Seeds

The agronomic performance and storage proteins of high seed protein lines of soybeans [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] were investigated to determine if the two major storage proteins, beta-conglycinin and glycinin, contribute to the increased protein content of high seed protein lines. Subunits of these two major storage proteins were estimated by scanning SDS-PAGE gels by scanning densitometry. The relative rankings of the lines with respect to seed size and protein content were not different between years in one environment over 5 years, but oil and total protein and oil contents and the ratio of protein to oil differed. The alpha', alpha, and beta subunits of beta-conglycinin were significantly higher in the high-protein lines except CX797-115, CX804-108, CX804-3, D81-8498, and NC-2-62. The acidic A(3) polypeptide of glycinin was significantly higher in high-protein lines except 76-48773, CX804-108, CX804-3, D81-8498, and NC-2-62, whereas the acidic polypeptides A(1,2,4) of glycinin were significantly higher in all of the high-protein lines. The basic polypeptides of glycinin were significantly higher in all high seed protein lines except D81-8259. In conclusion, high-protein lines appear to contain more beta-conglycinin and glycinin than normal-protein soybean lines, and the amounts of subunits and polypeptides differ among lines.
Characterising the landscape of state environmental review policies and procedures in the United States: a national assessment

Following the intent of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, many states have adopted policies and procedures directing state agencies and local government units to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of development projects prior to their undertaking. In contrast to a rich literature on federal requirements, current understanding of state environmental review is narrowly focused and outdated. This paper seeks to provide information on the landscape of state environmental review policy frameworks. The paper identifies 37 states with formal environmental review requirements through a document review of state statutes, administrative rules and agency-prepared materials, and confirms this finding through a survey of state administrators. A two-tier classification is used to distinguish states based on the approach taken to address environmental review needs and the scope and depth of relevant policies and procedures implemented. This paper also provides a discussion of policy and programme...
The RNA Chaperone Hfq Independently Coordinates Expression of the VirB Type IV Secretion System and the LuxR-Type Regulator BabR in Brucella abortus 2308

The type IV secretion system encoded by the virB operon is required for full virulence of Brucella sp., and the present study links the RNA chaperone Hfq to wild-type expression of virB in Brucella abortus 2308. Studies employing virB-lacZ fusions, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and immunoblot analysis showed that both transcription and translation of virB are decreased in an isogenic hfq mutant compared to those in the parental strain. These results led to the hypothesis that Hfq regulation of virB is mediated through an intermediate transcriptional regulator. Subsequent experiments determined that expression of the gene encoding the putative Brucella quorum-sensing regulator BabR (also known as BlxR), a known virB regulator, is also controlled by Hfq at the posttranscriptional level, and a cis-acting element in the 5' untranslated region of the babR transcript responsible for this regulation was identified. Consistent with its role as a virB regulator, recombinant Brucella BabR binds to the virB promoter region in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. However, experiments employing a babR mutant strain determined that BabR is a repressor, not an activator, of virB transcription. These findings suggest that Hfq regulates virB expression through both BabR-dependent and BabR-independent pathways.
Significant association of glutamate receptor, ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), with nicotine dependence in European- and African-American smokers

The glutamate receptor gene, ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), is one of the seven that code for subunits of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, which play an essential role at many synapses in the brain, regulating ion flow across membranes in response to glutamate signaling. In this study, we analyzed 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GRIN3A for association with nicotine dependence (ND), which was assessed by smoking quantity, heaviness of smoking index, and the Fagerstrom test for ND. Both individual SNP and haplotype association tests were performed in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) samples as well as in the pooled sample consisting of 2,037 individuals from 602 nuclear families. Individual SNP analysis revealed significant associations of 5, 5, and 4 SNPs with at least one ND measure in the pooled, EA, and AA samples, respectively. Of them, SNPs rs17189632 and rs10121600 in the pooled sample and rs11788456 in the EA sample remained significant after correction for multiple testing. On the basis of the blocks determined with Haploview, we performed haplotype-based association analysis and found 2, 4, and 1 haplotype(s) that are significantly associated with at least one ND measure in the pooled, EA, and AA samples, respectively. Some of them remained significant after correction for multiple testing. We concluded that GRIN3A represents a strong candidate for involvement in the etiology of ND and warrants further investigation in independent samples.
The use of brachytherapy in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer: A review

Nonmelanoma skin cancers can be treated by various modalities, including electrodessication and curettage, excisional techniques, and radiation. In selected cases, radiation may be preferable to surgery. When radiation is an option, brachytherapy, a form of radiation therapy that places the radiation source close to the area to be treated, may have advantages relative to conventional external beam radiation in particular patients. After brachytherapy, recurrence rates for nonmelanoma skin cancers are low, especially for small, superficial lesions, with good to excellent functional and cosmetic results. This article reviews the indications, efficacy, and adverse effects of brachytherapy in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Targeting multiple kinases in glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is associated with high mortality. Current standard-of-care treatments, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, offer only palliation. Recent research in cancer therapy has shifted towards targeting the specific molecular aberrations that underlie the pathogenesis of cancers including GBM. Protein kinases are a family of enzymes that are key components in regulating cellular homeostasis. Protein kinases can be deregulated by several mechanisms, which contribute to cancer initiation and maintenance. Several protein kinases are important in gliomagenesis, thus representing new therapeutic targets in GBM. Low molecular weight inhibitors are the most commonly used agents to target protein kinases in the treatment of cancers. However, first-generation kinase inhibitors targeting only single kinases have demonstrated limited efficacy in unselected GBM patient populations. Several mechanisms of failure of monotherapy w...
PSYCHOLOGY: ITS PRACTICE AND TEACHING IN A JEWISH COLLEGE

*Based upon a paper presented at the joint symposium on the Problems in the Teaching of Scientific Psychology in the Denominational College held by the A. P. A. Division on the Teaching of Psychology and the American Catholic Psychological Association at the Sixty‐Eighth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, 111. September, 1960. These remarks represent my own feelings and thoughts on the subject. I do not presume to represent either Yeshiva University or traditional Judaism.
Running on Their Own The Electoral Success (and Failure) of Appointed U.S. Senators

Senators who first reach office by gubernatorial appointment are successful at the polls at half the rate of incumbents in general. Outcomes of elections featuring appointed senators are affected by the incumbent's voting record in the Senate, the divisiveness of the primary, state partisanship, the size of the state, national political conditions, and the quality of the challenger. This last factor is the key to understanding the anomaly, as appointed senators face higher quality challengers than do senators who first gain office through the electoral process.
The effects of heavy metals pollution of the upper Arkansas River on the distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates

Water quality, types, and diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates show that heavy metal pollution of the upper Arkansas River is presently moderately severe and conditions for aquatic life are generally poor, particularly in the Leadville area. A 2 year study was done on a 30 km section of the upper Arkansas River, Colorado, to determine the effects of heavy metals pollution on the distribution of the aquatic macroinvertebrates. Physical and chemical water parameters were measured, and aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected. The major sources of heavy metal-laden inflows are Leadville Drain, California Gulch, and a number of intermittent flows entering the Arkansas River between Lake Fork and Lake Creek. Important freshening flows are Tennessee Creek, Lake Fork (containing Halfmoon Creek), and Lake Creek.
The Impact of Case Characteristics and Prior Jury Experience on Jury Verdicts1

An archival analysis of records from 206 criminal cases was used to evaluate the impact of personal and situational factors on jury verdicts. In particular, we evaluated whether repeated jury service produced bias in jurors that was sufficient to affect jury decisions. A variety of case characteristics and indices of prior jury experience was examined for their relative impact on trial outcomes. Several of the case characteristics were related to verdicts, but the personal characteristics were not. Although more than half of the juries contained experienced jurors, juror experience had little influence on verdicts in either major or subsidiary analyses. However, there was a slight tendency for small juries with large proportions of experienced jurors to convict. This result is consistent with data from Kentucky; a meta-analysis across the two data sets indicates that it is a reliable finding. The results have implications for the determination of jury size. We suggest that future research examine the possibility that increasing jury size may reduce the influence of an individual's bias by providing a balance of other jurors with no or offsetting biases.
Particle Velocity Measurement Using Holographic Methods

Measuring particle velocities in the Fourier transform plane of double and multiple exposure holograms is discussed. Both in-line far-field and off-axis holograms are considered. If the functional form of the velocity distribution curve is known then the mean and standard deviation can, in some cases, be measured directly from the transform pattern. This procedure is illustrated for a gaussian distribution. Also, a hybrid system for measuring two-dimensional particle velocities is proposed which does not require prior knowledge of the input distribution curve. The system involves sampling the transform plane intensity distribution with a TV camera, digitizing this information and finally, computing the particle velocities. Computer simulations and an actual system output are presented.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NF45/ILF2 tissue expression, promoter analysis, and interleukin-2 transactivating function

NF45/ILF2 associates with NF90/ILF3 in the nucleus and regulates IL-2 gene transcription at the antigen receptor response element (ARRE)/NF-AT DNA target sequence (P.N. Kao, L. Chen, G. Brock, J. Ng, A.J. Smith, B. Corthesy, J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 20691-20699). NF45 is widely expressed in normal tissues, especially testis, brain, and kidney, with a predominantly nuclear distribution. NF45 mRNA expression is increased in lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. The human and murine NF45 proteins differ only by substitution of valine by isoleucine at amino acid 142. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the human NF45 gene to chromosome 1q21.3, and mouse NF45 gene to chromosome 3F1. Promoter analysis of 2.5 kB of the murine NF45 gene reveals that significant activation is conferred by factors, possible including NF-Y, that bind to the CCAAT-box sequence. The function of human NF45 in regulating IL-2 gene expression was characterized in Jurkat T-cells stably transfected with plasmids directing expression of NF45 cDNA in sense or antisense orientations. NF45 sense expression increased IL-2 luciferase reporter gene activity 120-fold, and IL-2 protein expression 2-fold compared to control cells. NF45 is a highly conserved, regulated transcriptional activator, and one target gene is IL-2.
Presumptive evidence of two active X chromosomes in somatic cells of a human female

IN a female child with various morphological abnormalities and partial translocation trisomy X—haryotype: 46,XX, −22, +der(22),t(X;22)(q12;p11)mat—we have found evidence of two euchromatic X chromosomes in about 15% of metaphases from lymphocyte cultures. We believe this means that in these cells there were two active X chromosomes.
Perceived Parenting, Self-Esteem, and General Self-Efficacy of Iranian American Adolescents

We examined whether Iranian American adolescents’ perceptions of parental support, parental knowledge, and parental psychological control relate to general self-efficacy directly, and indirectly through positive esteem and self-deprecation. To investigate this, self-report surveys were collected from 158 Iranian American adolescents attending Iranian American youth groups, Armenian private school, and one public school. Results indicated that positive esteem, self-deprecation, mother and father knowledge, and mother and father psychological control were directly related to general self-efficacy. Furthermore, the parenting variables were indirectly related to general self-efficacy through either positive esteem or self-deprecation.
A simple method for shortening a plasmid genome using a system of plasmid cointegration mediated by a Tn 3 mutant

Abstract This paper describes a simple method for the isolation of small plasmids of various sizes from pSMI, a derivative of the resistance plasmid R 100. The method is based on the observation that a repressor-negative mutant of the ampicillin-resistance ( amp r ) transposon Tn3, Tn3 No. 5, mediates cointegration of a plasmid carrying Tn 3 No. 5 (pMB8::Tn 3 No. 5) into virtually any site on pSMI. The resulting cointegrate plasmids contain the pSMI sequence which is joined with the amp r gene of the Tn 3 mutant. This cointegration is so frequent that large cointegrate plasmids can be readily detected in the total plasmid DNA prepared from cells carrying pSMI and pMB8::Tn3 No. 5. We were able to isolate small plasmids of various sizes by digesting the total plasmid DNAs with restriction endonucleases which cut both pSM 1 and Tn3 No. 5 sequences present in the cointegrates and subsequently ligating the restriction fragment containing both the amp r gene and the region necessary for replication of pSMI. Analysis of these plasmids, named pBV plasmids, with restriction endonucleases and by nucleotide sequencing allowed us to determine regions necessary or unnecessary for replication, thus defining a minimal replication region of pSMI. The present method is generally useful for the isolation of small derivatives from any large plasmid for the study of genes and sites adjacent to or within the minimal replication region of the plasmid.
Mechanical and metabolic reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system in younger adults with metabolic syndrome.

Aim Based on reports of exaggerated blood pressure responses to whole-body exercise in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), we tested the hypothesis that MetSyn adults would exhibit augmented sympathetic and pressor responses to mechanoreflex and metaboreflex activation when compared with healthy, age-matched control subjects.
Genetic variation in Transaldolase 1 and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Abstract Background : The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is involved in the body's protection against oxidative stress and resistance/susceptibility to apoptosis and thus has been implicated in tumor development and progression. Here we present data examining the association of genetic variation in one of the key enzymes of the PPP, Transaldolase 1 ( TALDO1 ) with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Methods : We performed sequencing analysis to identify common genetic variations in TALDO1 and then investigated their association with SCCHN using samples from a population-based case/control study with both European American (EA) and African American (AA) former and current smokers. Results : We identified three polymorphisms in TALDO1 that were associated with SCCHN risk in our EA study population. Specifically the 5′ upstream variant −490C>G or T (rs10794338), which we identified as tri-allelic, showed a reduced risk compared with any presence of the common allele, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]: 0.57 (0.38–0.86). Additionally two intronic high frequency polymorphisms demonstrated a positive association with disease, with the presence of the variant IVS1+1874T>A (rs3901233), 1.76 (1.19–2.61) and IVS4+2187A>C (rs4963163), 1.71 (1.16–2.53). Conclusion : These results provide preliminary evidence that genetic polymorphisms in TALDO1 are associated with SCCHN.
Topology and current ribbons: A model for current, reconnection and flaring in a complex, evolving corona

Magnetic field enters the corona from the interior of the Sun through isolated magnetic features on the solar surface. These features correspond to the tops of submerged magnetic flux tubes, and coronal field lines often connect one flux tube to another, defining a pattern of inter-linkage. Using a model field, in which flux tubes are represented as point magnetic charges, it is possible to quantify this inter-linkage. If the coronal field were current-free then motions of the magnetic features would change the inter-linkage through implicit (vacuum) magnetic reconnection. Without reconnection the conductive corona develops currents to avoid changing the flux linkage. This current forms singular layers (ribbons) flowing along topologically significant field lines called separators. Current ribbons store magnetic energy as internal stress in the field: the amount of energy stored is a function of the flux tube displacement. To explore this process we develop a model called the minimum-current corona (MCC) which approximates the current arising on a separator in response to displacement of photospheric flux. This permits a model of the quasi-static evolution of the corona above a complex active region. We also introduce flaring to rapidly change the flux inter-linkage between magnetic features when the internal stress on a separator becomes too large. This eliminates the separator current and releases the energy stored by it. Implementation of the MCC in two examples reveals repeated flaring during the evolution of simple active regions, releasing anywhere from 1027–1029 ergs, at intervals of hours. Combining the energy and frequency gives a general expression for heat deposition due to flaring (i.e., reconnection).
PsycWord: A Windows program for preparing clinical documentation in psychology

PsycWord is designed to guide the user through the process of rapidly producing psychological reports. Modules may be mixed to produce a variety of reports. Windows controls and standardization decrease the time needed for creating clinical reports, while flexibility is built in to encourage customization and the use of professional judgment. The program is most suitable for adult outpatients, but may be useful with other populations as well.
Gravity does rule for falling events

Hood (1995) reported a vertical invisible displacement task where the goal was to find a ball that was dropped down one of three chimneys connected to three hiding boxes below by opaque tubes. Preschool children exhibited perseverative search at the box directly below the chimney where the ball was dropped even though the tubes were always visible and the children were given numerous trials and feedback. This behavior was interpreted as a naive theory of gravity. The current study set out to test the naive gravity theory hypothesis by reversing the motion of the event on a television. On half of the trials the object appeared to fall up the tube into one of the boxes which were now on the top of the apparatus. There were significantly more errors for ‘down’ trials as compared to ‘up’ trials which supports the hypothesis that children are biased to infer that falling objects travel in a straight line whereas anti-gravity events do not conform to this naive theory.
Principal Component for Metabolic Syndrome Risk Maps to Chromosome 4p in Mexican Americans: The San Antonio Family Heart Study

Metabolic syndrome refers to the clustering of disease condi- tions such as insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hyperten- sion, and obesity. To explore the genetic predispositions of this complex syndrome, we conducted a principal components analysis using data on 14 phenotypes related to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The sub- jects were 566 nondiabetic Mexican Americans, distributed in 41 extended families from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. The factor scores ob- tained from these 14 phenotypes were used in multipoint linkage analysis using SOLAR. Factors were identiÞed that accounted for 73% of the total variance of the original variables: body size-adiposity, insulin-glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels. Each factor exhibited evidence for either signiÞcant or suggestive linkage involving four factor-speciÞc chromosomal regions relating to chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 6. SigniÞcant evidence for linkage of the lipid factor was found on chromosome 4 near marker D4S403 (LOD 3.52), where the cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) and ADP- ribosyl cyclase 1 (CD38) genes are located. Suggestive evidence for linkage of the body size-adiposity factor to chromosome 1 near marker D1S1597 (LOD 2.53) in the region containing the nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 gene (NROB2) also was observed. The insulin-glucose and blood pressure factors were linked suggestively to regions on chromo- some 3 near marker D3S1595 (LOD 2.20) and on chromosome 6 near marker D6S1031 (LOD 2.08), respectively. In summary, our Þndings sug- gest that the factor structures for the risk of metabolic syndrome are insu- enced by multiple distinct genes across the genome.
A first-principles study of phase stability in Ni-Al and Ni-Ti alloys

Abstract The thermodynamic stability of the b.c.c- and f.c.c.-based ordered phases of Ni–Ti and Ni–Al has been studied with a highly accurate first-principles electronic structure method. The occurrence of a martensitic transformation in Ni–Al B2 ordered intermetallic alloys will be discussed and related to the existence of intermediate structures between b.c.c- and f.c.c.-based phases. It will be shown that closely related ordered structures can exist on f.c.c. and b.c.c. lattices in the composition range where the transformation occurs. A variety of antiphase boundaries in the B2 and L12 structures will be examined and the pertinent energies will be compared with experimental data. In addition, the rather unusual appearance of the Ni–Ti B2 ordered structure in the phase diagram will be discussed.
On using public media for prevention of rape.

There has been an increasing interest in rape. Rape by a nonstranger, especially, is the most psychologically damaging type of sexual assault. It is argued that use of the mass media should be considered for prevention of rape by nonstrangers.
Defending design decisions with usability evidence: a case study

This case study takes a close look at what novice designers discursively use as evidence to support design decisions. User-centered design has suggested that all design decisions should be made with the concern for the user at the forefront, and, ideally, this concern should be represented by findings discovered within user-centered research. However, the data from a 12-month longitudinal study suggests that although these novice designers are well-versed with user-centered design theory, in practice they routinely do not use user-centered research findings to defend their design decisions. Instead these novice designers use less definitive and more designer-centered forms of evidence. This move away from the user, though perhaps unintentional, may suggest that design pedagogy may need to be re-evaluated to ensure that novice designers continue to adhere to the implications of user-centered research throughout the design process.
Neuroligins help dendrites keep up with the Joneses

A study reconciling contradictory in vitro and in vivo data on neuroligins in synapse formation shows that cell-to-cell variability in neuroligin-1 levels, mediating competition for presynaptic inputs, regulates synapse density.
Major complications of coloscopy: bleeding and perforation.

The overall frequency and types of complications associated with diagnostic coloscopy and coloscopic polypectomy are unknown. A statewide survey of coloscopists was conducted to determine the morbidity and mortality associated with coloscopy. Twenty-eight physicians performed a total of 1,106 coloscopic procedures. 9 colonic perforations and 5 episodes of colonic bleeding resulted in a 1.3% complication rate. Explanations for several of the complications are identified and preventive measures proposed. 1 patient died of an unrecognized perforation of the sigmoid colon, resulting in a 0.09% mortality rate. Of 14 complications reported in this series, 12 occurred during the early experience (less than 40 procedures) of the coloscopist. Training programs in coloscopy need to be established in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with a physician's early coloscopic experience.
Malignant Pheochromocytoma Of The Organ Of Zuckerkandl Requiring Aortic And Vena Caval Reconstruction

Objective: To describe a case of a malignant pheochro-mocytoma located in the organ of Zuckerkandl that required aortic and vena caval resection and reconstruction.Methods: We present a case report that includes clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data as well as photographs, results from pathology, and a brief review of the literature.Results: A 46-year-old man was referred for evaluation of a 1.4-cm left adrenal mass incidentally discovered on an abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scan. Subsequent laboratory evaluation revealed the following values: urine norepinephrine, 252 μg/24 h; urine normetanephrine, 1122 μg/24 h; urine metanephrine, 162 μg/24 h; urine epinephrine, 7 μg/24 h; urine vanillylmandelic acid, 8 mg/24 h; and plasma metanephrine, 98 pg/ mL. Imaging characteristics of the left adrenal mass were consistent with a benign adenoma, but CT also demonstrated a hypervascular para-aortic mass. 123I-metaiodo-benzylguanidine scanning with fusion CT imaging demonstrated increased radiopharma...
Morphology of protein–protein interfaces

Abstract Background: Most soluble proteins are active as low-number oligomers. Statistical surveys of oligomeric proteins have defined the roles of hydrophobicity and complementarity in the stability of protein interfaces, but tend to average structural features over a diverse set of protein–protein interfaces, blurring information on how individual interfaces are stabilized. Results: We report a visual survey of 136 homodimeric proteins from the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, with images that highlight the major structural features of each protein–protein interaction surface. Nearly all of these proteins have interfaces formed between two globular subunits. Surprisingly, the pattern of hydrophilicity over the surface of these interfaces is quite variable. Approximately one-third of the interfaces show a recognizable hydrophobic core, with a single large, contiguous, hydrophobic patch surrounded by a ring of intersubunit polar interactions. The remaining two-thirds of the proteins show a varied mixture of small hydrophobic patches, polar interactions and water molecules scattered over the entire interfacial area. Ten proteins in the survey have intertwined interfaces formed by extensive interdigitation of the two subunit chains. These interfaces are very hydrophobic and are associated with proteins that require both stability and internal symmetry. Conclusions: The archetypal protein interface, with a defined hydrophobic core, is present in only a minority of the surveyed homodimeric proteins. Most homodimeric proteins are stabilized by a combination of small hydrophobic patches, polar interactions and a considerable number of bridging water molecules. The presence or absence of a hydrophobic core within these interfaces does not correlate with specific protein functions.
On coherent oscillations of a string.

Vibrations of an elastic string when the separation between the ends varies randomly are studied. The emphasis is on the evolution of the coherent, or ordered, oscillations of the string. Using a perturbation technique borrowed from quantum field theory and the modified Kryloff-Bogoliuboff method, the 'multiple scattering' effect of the random separation between the ends on the linear and nonlinear coherent oscillations are investigated. It is found that due to the random interactions the coherent fundamental oscillation as well as the harmonies are damped. Their frequencies are also modified.
The heartland no more: Russia’s weakness and Eurasia’s meltdown

Abstract The Eurasian region continues to disintegrate, and neither Russia nor the West has been able to arrest the destabilizing dynamics. Evidence of rising instability throughout the region include the August 2008 Russia-Georgia war, terrorist attacks in the Northern Caucasus, the persistent failure of Western forces to stabilize Afghanistan, the inability of Central Asian rulers to reign in local clans and drug lords, and the paralysis of legitimately elected bodies of power in Ukraine and Moldova. The West’s attempts to secure and stabilize Eurasia after the end of the Cold War have not led to success. Russia too has greatly contributed to the Eurasian meltdown. The Soviet collapse and the subsequent retreat of Russia from the region have greatly destabilized the area. The relative recovery of the Russian economy during the post-Yeltsin decade began to revive Russia’s standing in Eurasia, yet Moscow could ill afford serious efforts to stabilize and pacify the region. Russia’s resurgence is a response to its lacking recognition as a vital power and partner of the West. If Russia chooses to dedicate itself to obstructing Western policies in Eurasia, we will see more of the collapsing dynamics in the region. Preventing this requires recognizing Russia’s role in stabilizing the region and working with Russia in developing a joint assessment of threat and establishing a collective security arrangement in Eurasia.
Endoscopic Approach to the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, small bowel enteroscopy, and colonoscopy are well-established standards for initial evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding, and have been used effectively for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Although thermal, injection, and mechanical methods have been the mainstay of endoscopic therapy, promising new technologies such as endoscopic ultrasound and wireless capsule endoscopy will further advance our ability to improve morbidity and mortality from severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Herein we review current standards and recent advances in the endoscopic management of upper, lower, and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.
Intermediate- and High-Velocity Ionized Gas toward ζ Orionis*

We combine near-UV spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope GHRS echelle with far-UV spectra obtained with the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph and Copernicus to study the abundances and physical conditions in the predominantly ionized gas seen at high velocity (� 105 km s � 1 dvd � 65 km s � 1 ) and at intermediate velocity (� 60 km s � 1 dvd � 10 km s � 1 ) along the line of sight to the starOri. We have high-resolution (FWHM � 3:3 4: 5k m s � 1 ) and/or high signal-to-noise ratio spec- tra for at least two significant ions of C, N, Al, Si, S, and Fe—enabling accurate estimates for both the total N(H ii) and the elemental depletions. C, N, and S have essentially solar relative abundances; Al, Si, and Fe appear to be depleted by about 0.8, 0.3-0.4, and 0.95 dex, respectively, relative to C, N, and S. While various ion ratios would be consistent with collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) at temperatures of 25,000-80,000 K, the widths of individual high-velocity absorption components indicate that T � 9000 � 2000 K—so the gas is not in CIE. Analysis of the C ii fine-structure excitation equilibrium, at that temperature, yields estimates for the densities (nenH � 0:1 0: 2c m � 3 ), thermal pressures (2nHT � 2000 4000 cm � 3 K), and thicknesses (0.5-2.7 pc) characterizing the individual clouds. We compare the abundances and physical properties derived for these clouds with those found for gas at similar velocities toward 23 Ori andCMa and also with several different models for shocked gas. While the shock models can reproduce some features of the observed line profiles and some of the observed ion ratios, there are also significant differences between the models and the data. The measured depletions suggest that roughly 10% of the Al, Si, and Fe originally locked in dust in the preshock medium may have been returned to the gas phase, consistent with recent predictions for the destruction of silicate dust in a 100 km s � 1 shock. The observed near-solar gas-phase abundance of carbon, however, appears to be inconsistent with the predicted longer timescales for the destruction of graphite grains. Subject headings: ISM: abundances — ISM: general — stars: individual (� Orionis, � Canis Majoris) — ultraviolet: ISM
The effect of carbon tetrachloride on lysosome function in kidneys and livers of mice.

Abstract Lysosomal function in the degradation of intravenously injected 125I-labelled albumin was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride-injected and control mice. A transient effect was noted in the kidneys at 1 h after injection of the solvent, but at later times the effects on phagolysosome formation and function were minimal and were similar in liver and kidneys. The results suggest that lysosomes are not involved in the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride.
X-Ray Reflectivity and Diffuse Scattering Study of Effect of Ca2+ on Cushioned Lipid Bilayer

The effects of Ca2+ on bio-membranes are of interest because of their role in several biological processes, including facilitating the membrane fusion process. In a recent study, we have investigated a cushioned [1] DPPC bilayer in water and in different concentration CaCl2 solutions via fluid exchange. We used a polymer (PAA) cushion deposited on a single crystal silicon substrate. Using a 22 keV X-ray beam at the beamline of Sector 8 at the Advanced Photon Source, we obtained high resolution reflectivity from the bilayer and cushion through water, and were also able to study the grazing incidence x-ray diffuse scattering. The effect of Ca2+ on the bilayer structure has been obtained from the reflectivity analysis, which shows the Ca2+ ions binding to the headgroups of outer leaflet of the DPPC bilayer. The diffuse scattering is used to obtain the physical properties such as the surface tension, bending modulus, etc. Combining both, we present a complete picture of how Ca2+ affects a DPPC bilayer in water at room temperature as a function of Ca2+ concentration.References[1] R. J. El-khouri et al., Nano Lett. (2011), 11, 2169-2172.[2] J. Daillant et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2005), 102, 11639-11644.[3] M. S. Jablin et al, Phys. Rev. Lett, (2011), 106, 138101.
A Mixed Method Look at State Growth Management Policy

Using a mixed method approach, this article investigates growth management policy in the American states, presenting an event history analysis of state growth management policy adoptions, supplemented by a case study of growth management's evolution in the state of Maryland. Empirical results from the event history analysis suggest that growth pressures, the countervailing forces of state environmentalism and building interests, stronger gubernatorial powers, and citizen liberalism are all important factors associated with state adoptions of growth management. The Maryland case triangulates and contextualizes these key empirical findings, demonstrating the importance of those variables in a state-specific context. Beyond triangulating the empirical results, Maryland's legislative history with growth management highlights the importance of civic engagement as a means to both formulate and build sustained support for state growth management policy, even in the face of significant opposition from development interests.
Interaction of an acoustic wave with electrons drifting in crossed electric and magnetic fields in InSb

Experimental results are reported for the piezoelectric interaction of a u.h.f. acoustic wave with electrons drifting in crossed d.c. electric and magnetic fields in ntype InSb at 77°K. Electronic amplification of the acoustic wave was observed.
The impact of interpersonal affective relationships and awareness on expertise seeking: A multilevel network investigation

Transactive memory theory suggests that general awareness of expertise location in a group is sufficient to predict expertise seeking. Yet expertise seeking is, at least in part, a social phenomenon between two individuals embedded in a network of social relationships. Taking a multilevel, network perspective, we examined the interplay of affective relationships and awareness on expertise seeking in groups. Hypotheses were tested using network data collected from 693 employees in 53 sales groups. HLM analysis results indicated that awareness of expertise distribution positively influenced the decision to seek expertise at all levels of analysis examined. In addition, both positive and negative affective relationships influenced expertise seeking, although their pattern of influence differed across different levels of analysis. More specifically, having either a positive or a negative affective relationship with another group member affected the decision to seek expertise from that person. Although having ...
The efficacy of posterior tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder in women: a systematic review

Introduction and hypothesis Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a percutaneous method of peripheral, sacral neuromodulation. Its current use is limited; however, published data suggest PTNS may be an effective treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).
Interaction of Erwinia tracheiphila and muskmelon plants

Bacterial wilt is one of the most important plant diseases of muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L., reticulatus group) in the Midwest and eastern United States. Little is known about the causal agent Erwinia tracheiphila (Smith) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer & Huntoon and requirements for successful infection. To understand these requirements better, 6 commonly grown muskmelon varieties (‘Superstar’, ‘Legend’, ‘Cordelle’, ‘Honey Gold’, ‘Star Ship’, and ‘All Star’) were used in greenhouse studies to evaluate the effect of wound characteristics and time interval between bacterial inoculation and wounding on disease incidence. The following 4 types of plant × E. tracheiphila interactions were tested: (1) Inoculation type where a leaf was either wounded first and bacterial inoculum was placed in the wound or plants had inoculum placed on the leaf first, and were then wounded. (2) Wound size: either small or large. (3) Inoculation level: either 1 or 2 leaves of a plant were inoculated. (4) Timing interval and inoculation where 10 different timings of infection were used (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, or 24 h). The percentage of plants that developed bacterial wilt was recorded. There were significant interactions in percentage of infection between muskmelon varieties and wound size. The varieties Legend and Superstar had significantly less infection when large wounds were made compared with the other varieties tested. Plants that had inoculum placed on leaves before wounding were 2.5 times more likely to develop bacterial wilt than plants that were wounded before inoculation. Plants with large wounds had 50% greater wilt incidence than plants with small wounds. There were no significant differences between 1 leaf or 2 leaves being inoculated in the development of bacterial wilt. Plants were most susceptible to infection within 2 h of wounding, but they were seldom infected if inoculated 3 h after wounding. Several 2-way, but no 3- or 4-way, interactions were significant. Information from this study should help in developing better management programs for bacterial wilt in muskmelon.
Writing Globally: Teaching the Technical Writing Student to Prepare Documents for Translation

The global marketplace and the Information Age have combined to extend documentation across national borders. To date, however, few programs in scientific and technical communication have taken ste...
Texas Latino gangs and large urban jails: Intergenerational conflicts and issues in management

This is a qualitative exploration of the impact of newly emerging gang structures on the correctional setting. A purposive sample of detention and classification officers was obtained from four large urban jails in Texas. In-depth interviews were conducted about gang population characteristics and the facility management issues that they pose. Officers report recent, significant changes in Latino gang structures primarily, attributing the shifts to intergenerational conflict. At each of the four sites, this development has exacerbated many of the typical correctional challenges identified in the literature on jails and gangs. Despite the changing norms among occurring throughout Latino gang hierarchies statewide, with few exceptions, the jail management responses reported here have remained relatively stagnant over the past several decades. The paper addresses the evolving nature of jail-based gang activity as a neglected issue in correctional management policy and proposes a framework for continued inves...
Analysis of transient sorption and permeation of small molecules in multiphase polymer systems

The transport of small molecules (gases) in incompatible polymer blends, semi-crystalline polymers, and filled polymer systems is usually examined in terms of transient sorption and permeation experiments which yield effective values of diffusivity and permeability. From a modeling standpoint these complex systems can be regarded as composites with complex morphology whereas the gas can be considered as a molecular probe of the morphology and especially its connectedness. In this paper we present a brief review of transport descriptions in prototype ordered and disordered systems with special emphasis on simulation of transient measurements. The simulations presented are selected in such a way as to aid in the interpretation of experimental results obtained by sorption and permeation and in the construction and evaluation of morphologies with desired effective transport properties.
G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity in Fanconi's anemia.

Abstract Both the peripheral lymphocytes from 4 patients affected with the inherited disease Fanconi's anemia (FA), and tissue-culture fibroblasts from skin biopsies from 3 patients similarly affected were found to be about twice as sensitive to the induction of chromatid-type chromosomal aberrations by X-rays administered in the G2 phase of the cell cycle as cells from normal controls. Using tritiated thymidine labelling of peripheral lymphocytes and of cultured fibroblasts, it was determined that 3 affected patients and 3 normal controls all had similar percent labeled mitoses (PLM) curves, so the increased induced aberration yields seen in the FA cells do not appear to be simply a consequence of a longer than normal G2 phase of the cell cycle.