cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Market Dynamics Model for New Industrial Products and Its Application

New product planning models attempt to predict the market consequences of product line and product design decisions. One output of such models, especially those driven by subjective or market research data, is usually theoretical market shares based upon consumer preferences under idealized conditions. This paper describes a class of models that bridge the gap between such theoretical market shares and dynamic sales forecasts. This model accounts for differences in customer awareness of different products, for differences in product announcement dates, for differences in product availability, for differences in marketing efforts, for customer inertia and for customer purchasing delays. The paper describes specific details of such a model used in a system developed for market analysis of high speed nonimpact computer printers.
Field testing of a system for online classification of beef carcasses for longissimus tenderness using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy,

The present experiments were conduct- ed to field test a system optimized for online prediction of beef LM tenderness based on visible and near-infra- red (VISNIR) spectroscopy and to develop and validate a model for prediction of tenderness that would be un- biased by normal variation in bloom time before ap- plication of VISNIR. For both Exp. 1 and 2, slice shear force (SSF) was measured on fresh (never frozen) steaks at 14 d postmortem. Carcasses with VISNIR-predicted SSF ≤15 kg were classified as VISNIR predicted ten- der and carcasses with VISNIR-predicted SSF >15 kg were classified as VISNIR not predicted tender. In Exp. 1, spectroscopy was conducted online, during carcass grading, at 3 large-scale commercial fed-beef process- ing facilities. Each carcass (n = 1,155) was evaluated immediately after ribbing and again when the carcass was graded. For model development and validation, carcasses were blocked by plant and observed SSF. One-half of the carcasses (n = 579) were assigned to a calibration data set, which was used to develop regres- sion equations, and one-half of the carcasses (n = 576) were assigned to a prediction data set, which was used to validate the regression equations. Carcasses predict- ed tender by VISNIR spectroscopy had smaller (P 25 kg in the calibration (2.0 vs. 7.8%) and pre- diction (0.8 vs. 8.0%) data sets. In Exp. 2, carcasses (n = 4,204) were evaluated with VISNIR online at 6 commercial fed-beef processing facilities on 38 produc- tion days. The carcasses predicted tender by VISNIR spectroscopy had decreased mean LM SSF values at 14 d postmortem (16.3 vs. 19.9 kg; P 25 kg (4.9 vs. 21.3%). The present experiments resulted in development and independent validation of a robust method to noninvasively predict LM tender- ness of grain-fed beef carcasses. This technology could facilitate tenderness-based beef merchandising systems.
Geographical accessibility and Kentucky's heart-related hospital services

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in the US. Rates of mortality vary spatially and demographically, influenced not only by individual patient characteristics but also by levels of accessibility to hospital services and facilities. In 2000, Kentucky ranked third in the nation for heart-related deaths. The purpose of this paper is to assess geographical accessibility and service utilization related to ambulatory care sensitive CVDs in Kentucky. This study utilizes the Kentucky Hospital Discharge Database to evaluate service utilization and the Compressed Mortality File to examine mortality related to CVDs. A spatial statistical comparison of the geographical distribution of service usage and travel time to hospitals assists in assessing the relationship between accessibility and health. Our findings suggest that the distribution of utilization and mortality is geographically variable. People living in rural areas travel further to services; populations residing more than 45 min from health facilities are more likely to be socially and economically marginalized. Spatial clustering of high rates of hospital utilization occurs in areas with lower accessibility. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Field Geology. Mary Lou Bevier. 192 Pp. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 2005. ISBN: 0070931097. Price US$62.95.

This book was written to fulfill a need of undergraduate geology students for a comprehensive text that covers field procedures, geologic interpretation of field relationships, use of digital equipment in the field, and map interpretation. Dr. Bevier, the author and an instructor for field geology courses, succeeds in this mission, providing a softbound, two-color book that is logically laid out, clearly written, and well illustrated. The writing is informal and sometimes humorous, and includes practical tips and real life examples. Although not as detailed nor as complete of a treatment as some classic texts, such as Geology in the Field (R. R. Compton, 1985), the book is more modern and accessible for beginning- to intermediate-level geology students, and I would recommend its purchase for students planning to attend a field geology course. Major sections of the book include an introduction to the importance of field geology, understanding geologic maps, base maps, tools and techniques in …
Victim Replication: Maximizing Capacity while Hiding Wire Delay in Tiled Chip Multiprocessors

In this paper, we consider tiled chip multiprocessors (CMP) where each tile contains a slice of the total on-chip L2 cache storage and tiles are connected by an on-chip network. The L2 slices can be managed using two basic schemes: 1) each slice is treated as a private L2 cache for the tile 2) all slices are treated as a single large L2 cache shared by all tiles. Private L2 caches provide the lowest hit latency but reduce the total effective cache capacity, as each tile creates local copies of any line it touches. A shared L2 cache increases the effective cache capacity for shared data, but incurs long hit latencies when L2 data is on a remote tile. We present a new cache management policy, victim replication, which combines the advantages of private and shared schemes. Victim replication is a variant of the shared scheme which attempts to keep copies of local primary cache victims within the local L2 cache slice. Hits to these replicated copies reduce the effective latency of the shared L2 cache, while retaining the benefits of a higher effective capacity for shared data. We evaluate the various schemes using full-system simulation of both single-threaded and multi-threaded benchmarks running on an 8-processor tiled CMP. We show that victim replication reduces the average memory access latency of the shared L2 cache by an average of 16%for multi-threaded benchmarks and 24%for single-threaded benchmarks, providing better overall performance than either private or shared schemes.
An Electronic Photoreceptor Sensitive to Small Changes in Intensity

We describe an electronic photoreceptor circuit that is sensitive to small changes in incident light intensity. The sensitivity to changes in the intensity is achieved by feeding back to the input a filtered version of the output. The feedback loop includes a hysteretic element. The circuit behaves in a manner reminiscent of the gain control properties and temporal responses of a variety of retinal cells, particularly retinal bipolar cells. We compare the thresholds for detection of intensity increments by a human and by the circuit. Both obey Weber's law and for both the temporal contrast sensitivities are nearly identical.
Mesh-connected array processors with bypass capability for signal/image processing

An SIMD array processor augmented with bypass connections, called mesh with bypass connections (MBC), is presented. This architecture reduces the diameter of the n*n array from O(n) to O(1). MBC significantly improves the performance of the array processor, especially in global operations; finding a minimum/maximum, average and sum take O(log/sub 2/n) time, which require O(n) with ordinary mesh connections, O(n/sup 1/3/) in mesh with multiple broadcast. Matrix multiplication can be done in O(n) time. Image processing operations such as histogramming, median row finding, convolution and image projection can be efficiently mapped onto the architecture. MBC using circuit switching instead of store-and-forward outperforms the mesh, mesh with broadcast and mesh with multiple broadcast. Hardware augmentations for bypass on the ordinary mesh do not hurt the homogeneity of the processor; thus MBC can be implemented with VLSI technology to get a massive parallelism. >
Long-term effects of renin-angiotensin system-blocking therapy and a low blood pressure goal on progression of hypertensive chronic kidney disease in African Americans.

Background Antihypertensive drugs that block the renin-angiotensin system (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs] or angiotensin receptor blockers) are recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A low blood pressure (BP) goal (BP, Methods Multicenter cohort study following a randomized trial. Participants were 1094 African Americans with hypertensive renal disease (glomerular filtration rate, 20-65 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ). Following a 3×2-factorial trial (1995-2001) that tested 3 drugs used as initial antihypertensive therapy (ACEIs, calcium channel blockers, and β-blockers) and 2 levels of BP control (usual and low), we conducted a cohort study (2002-2007) in which participants were treated with ACEIs to a BP lower than 130/80 mm Hg. The outcome measures were a composite of doubling of the serum creatinine level, end-stage renal disease, or death. Results During each year of the cohort study, the annual use of an ACEI or an angiotensin receptor blocker ranged from 83.7% to 89.0% (vs 38.5% to 49.8% during the trial). The mean BP in the cohort study was 133/78 mm Hg (vs 136/82 mm Hg in the trial). Overall, 567 participants experienced the primary outcome; the 10-year cumulative incidence rate was 53.9%. Of 576 participants with at least 7 years of follow-up, 33.5% experienced a slow decline in kidney function (mean annual decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, 2 ). Conclusion Despite the benefits of renin-angiotensin system–blocking therapy on CKD progression, most African Americans with hypertensive CKD who are treated with currently recommended BP therapy continue to progress during the long term.
Real-Life Utilization of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring: The Complete Picture

Background: Very few studies to date have analyzed the reasons why some people do not use real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) continuously, especially given its positive glycemic outcomes, or choose not to wear it at all, even after learning about its benefits. Methods: A questionnaire was designed to assess real-life use of and issues surrounding RT-CGM. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and duration of sensor use were also obtained from the patients’ charts. Results: Fifty-eight subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), average age 15.0 ± 4.8 years, T1DM duration 5.7 ± 3.8 years, HbA1c 8.8 ± 2.1%, 50% with RT-CGM, were included in the analysis. Hemoglobin A1c was lower with increased RT-CGM use. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring was ordered to improve control. Users liked the continuous data. The most disliked part was pain and discomfort. Occasional users described RT-CGM as annoying, a hassle, and interfering with their lives. Reasons for discontinuing RT-CGM included problematic equipment and inaccuracy (64%), intrusion in life (36%), and insurance issues (29%). Twenty-one percent of nonusers reported RT-CGM to be inconvenient or a hassle or just did not want it. Fifty-two percent of subjects continue to use RT-CGM despite reported problems. Conclusion: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring is a beneficial tool for improving glycemic control, and many use it despite reported problems and hassles with current devices. However, this technology has not been wholeheartedly embraced by many individuals with T1DM, especially in youngsters, because of issues mentioned here. Based on the findings of this study, it is hoped that improvements will be made to RT-CGM technology so that more people with diabetes will embrace this beneficial tool.
The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders

Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.
Comparing maximum intercuspal contacts of virtual dental patients and mounted dental casts.

Abstract Statement of Problem. Quantitative measures of occlusal contacts are of paramount importance in the study of chewing dysfunction. A tool is needed to identify and quantify occlusal parameters without occlusal interference caused by the technique of analysis. Purpose. This laboratory simulation study compared occlusal contacts constructed from 3-dimensional images of dental casts and interocclusal records with contacts found by use of conventional methods. Material and Methods. Dental casts of 10 completely dentate adults were mounted in a semi-adjustable Denar articulator. Maximum intercuspal contacts were marked on the casts using red film. Intercuspal records made with an experimental vinyl polysiloxane impression material recorded maximum intercuspation. Three-dimensional virtual models of the casts and interocclusal records were made using custom software and an optical scanner. Contacts were calculated between virtual casts aligned manually (CM), aligned with interocclusal records scanned seated on the mandibular casts (C1) or scanned independently (C2), and directly from virtual interocclusal records (IR). Sensitivity and specificity calculations used the marked contacts as the standard. Contact parameters were compared between method pairs. Statistical comparisons used analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test ( P = Results. Sensitivities (range 0.76-0.89) did not differ significantly among the 4 methods ( P =.14); however, specificities (range 0.89-0.98) were significantly lower for IR ( P =.0001). Contact parameters of methods CM, C1, and C2 differed significantly from those of method IR ( P CM/C1 = CM/C2 > C2/IR > CM/IR > C1/IR, where ">" means "closer than." Conclusion. Within the limits of this study, occlusal contacts calculated from aligned virtual casts accurately reproduce articulator contacts. (J Prosthet Dent 2002;88:622-30.)
Trace Analysis of Nonfluorescent Ions by Association with a Fluorescent Probe in the Solid State

Selectively excited probe-ion luminescence (SEPIL) is a potentially useful technique for the determination of trace inorganic ions (1). Gustafson and Wright (2) have developed a method for the determination of the fluorescent rare earths by coprecipitation into CaF2. Fluorescence from a specific crystallographic site of a specific rare earth ion in the lattice can be selectively excited and monitored with a nitrogen-laser-pumped dye laser and a high resolution monochromator. The fluorescence intensity obtained from the solid can then be related to the rare earth concentration in solution prior to precipitation. Detection limits are in the picogram per millileter range, generally below those of comparable methods. This technique can be applied to the analysis of nonfluorescent ions as well (3). If a new crystallographic site is formed by the presence of a nonfluorescent impurity ion residing near a fluorescent probe ion in the lattice, the probe-ion luminescence from that site is dependent upon the nonfluorescent analyte concentration. In the present study, the nonfluorescent rare earths are determined using a fluorescent rare earth, erbium, as the probe (4). In the future, we hope that this technique can be extended to include actinide and transition metal determinations.
Adapting Interactive Conflict Resolution for Catalytic Roles in Context: The Georgian-South Ossetian Point of View Process

The Georgian-South Ossetian Civic Point of View Process is analyzed as an example of interactive conflict resolution, highlighting the adaptations of that approach that make it relevant for the particular Georgian-South Ossetian context. In addition to reviewing adaptations, such as a project website and press releases, deliberate complementarity with other processes, an evaluation process, and guest speakers, the presentation will consider the change in workshop goals over time. The workshop series has gone through three stages, with three related goals. The first was exploratory. The second focused on catalyzing confidence building measures. The third focuses on impacting the larger conflict, linking local and global.
On Social Networks and Economic Development

The Christian Scholars Program (CSP), funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts and directed from the University of Notre Dame, supports research intended to bring Christian concerns to important scholarly problems in the humanities and social sciences through a suite of eight disciplinary collaborative research projects. The economics team within SCP has for the past two years been pursuing a program of research on "The Moral and Social Dimensions of Microeconomic Behavior in Low-Income Communities." This project, like CSP's other seven disciplinary projects, presently explores questions associated with "the nature of the human person." This essay- indeed the panel of which this paper is but one part- is meant to offer an early glimpse into a novel, exciting contribution to the economics discipline that should be of particular interest and relevance to Christian economists.
Family-directed cognitive adaptation pilot: Teaching cognitive adaptation to families of individuals with schizophrenia

ABSTRACTCognitive deficits are a major determinant of functional outcome in schizophrenia. A promising treatment involves teaching individuals to use cognitive adaptation strategies to minimize the functional impact of cognitive difficulties. We developed Family-Directed Cognitive Adaptation (FCA) to train caregivers to help their relatives with schizophrenia use cognitive adaptations to improve living skills. The goal of this open pilot trial was to examine the feasibility of FCA. Ten adults with schizophrenia, each with at least one relative, participated in FCA and were evaluated at baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. Domains assessed included adaptive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, school/work involvement, hospitalizations, family burden, and treatment satisfaction. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with FCA, and all families completed the 16-session intervention. Relatives reported reduced burden at termination and follow-up. No participants were hospitalized during th...
Abundance and Frequency of the Asiatic Oak Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Defoliation on American, Chinese, and Hybrid Chestnut (Castanea)

The Asiatic oak weevil, Cyrtepistomus castaneus Roelofs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a nonnative defoliator of trees in the Fagaceae family in the United States but has not been studied on Castanea species in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Planted trees of Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (Fagales: Fagaceae), Castanea mollissima Blume (Fagales: Fagaceae), and four hybrid breeding generations were evaluated in 2012 for insect defoliation and C. castaneus abundance and frequency. Defoliation was visually assessed throughout the growing season at two sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains (western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee). C. castaneus abundance and frequency were monitored on trees using beat sheets and emergence was recorded from ground traps. Asiatic oak weevils were more abundant and more frequently collected on American chestnut (Ca. dentata) and its most closely related BC3F3 hybrid generation than on the Asian species Ca. mollissima. In most months, C. castaneus colonization of hybrid generations was not significantly different than colonization of parental species. Frequency data for C. castaneus suggested that adults were distributed relatively evenly throughout the study sites rather than in dense clusters. Emergence of C. castaneus was significantly higher under a canopy dominated by Quercus species than under non-Quercus species or open sky. C. castaneus emergence began in May and peaked in late June and early July. These results may be useful for resource managers trying to restore blight-resistant chestnut to the Southern Appalachians while minimizing herbivory by insect pests.
A Comparison between the Kawase and Extended Retrosigmoid Approaches (Retrosigmoid Transtentorial and Retrosigmoid Intradural Suprameatal Approaches) for Accessing the Petroclival Tumors. A Cadaveric Study.

Background The aim of our study was to compare the area of exposure at the ventral brainstem and petroclival region offered by the Kawase, retrosigmoid transtentorial (RTT), and the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal (RISA) approaches in cadaveric models. Methods We performed 15 approaches (five each of the Kawase, RISA, and RTT approaches) on silicone-injected adult cadaver heads. Ventral brainstem and petroclival areas of exposure were measured and compared. Results The mean ventral brainstem area exposed by the Kawase approach was 55.00 ± 24.1 mm2, significantly less than that exposed by RTT (441 ± 63.3 mm2) and RISA (311 ± 61 mm2) (p < 0.05). The area of ventral brainstem exposure was significantly more via RTT than through RISA (p = 0.01). The mean petroclival area of exposure through the Kawase approach was significantly smaller than that obtained through the RTT and RISA approaches (101.7 ± 545.01 mm2, 696 ± 57.7 mm2, and 716.7 ± 51.4 mm2, respectively). Conclusion Retrosigmoid approaches provide a greater exposure of the brainstem and petroclival areas. The Kawase approach is ideally suited for lesions around the Meckel cave with an extension into the middle fossa. These approaches can be used in conjunction with one another to access petroclival tumors.
Effect of Calcium and Citrate Injections into Cerebrospinal Fluid

Sabbatini observed that the direct application of isotonic solutions of oxalate or of citrate to the exposed brain of dogs increased their excitability and at times resulted in a generalized convulsion.1 This effect was antagonized by calcium. We have repeated and extended these experiments. Small amounts (0.1-0.3 cc.) of isotonic solutions of either sodium citrate (0.077 M), calcium chloride (0.107 M), calcium citrate (0.06 M), or magnesium chloride (0.107 M) were injected into the cisterna magna of dogs, using a fine needle (26 gauge).A typical syndrome occurred following injections of sodium citrate, consisting of immediate contraction of the voluntary muscles of the neck, trunk, extremities and tail. The motor phenomena included an extensor rigidity of the legs, slightly greater in the fore legs than in the hind, and a marked opisthotonos, pleurothotonos, and dorsal curvature of the tail. The heart rate slowed during this phase of the effect and was accelerated during the recovery period. Profuse sali...
Augmentation of Euseius tularensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Citrus

Single releases of the predacious mite, Euseius tularensis Congdon, and additions of apple pollen were made in the spring of 1991 in three citrus orchards in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Dusting citrus trees with apple pollen had no significant effect on the predacious mite populations at this time of year. In two of the three orchards, releases of 500 or 2,000 E. tularensis per tree significantly increased the cumulative number of predacious mites found in the trees before or during the period of fruit susceptibility to citrus thrips. In 1992, single releases of 2,000 mites and four releases of 100 or 500 predacious mites were compared with nonrelease trees in two orchards. One site had relatively high natural densities of predacious mites and was not significantly affected by predacious mite releases. In the other site, the peak density of E. tularensis was improved 2-fold by releases of E. tularensis. A single release of 2,000 E. tularensis per tree was more beneficial than multiple releases of 500 or 100 mites. A greater cumulative number of predacious mites was significantly correlated with improved biological control of citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton), as measured by reduced heavy scarring of fruit in the 1992 orchards. This suggests that E. tularensis can be important in reducing citrus thrips in citrus groves managed under a selective pesticide program.
In Vivo Cardiovascular Responses to Isoproterenol, Dopamine, and Tyramine Following Prolonged Infusion of Isoproterenol

The moment-to-moment regulation of cardiac output makes the cardiovascular network a dynamic system. In seconds, performance may be altered radically to increase heart rate and stroke volume to meet the needs of the peripheral, metabolizing tissues. Although the magnitude of contractility may be controlled by fiber length, sympathetic stimulation can enhance inotropic state at any given level of end-diastolic volume or pressure. These regulatory mechanisms perform elegantly in the normal heart, but they are substantially impaired in the failing organ.
Reproductive Endocrinology of the European Eel, Anguilla anguilla

The mystery of the reproduction of the European eel, in which “seminal liquor nor eggs could never be observed;” was questioned as early as Greek antiquity, by Aristotle, in his writings on “Animal History” and “Animal Generation.” This question initiated a long and still open quest, for the discovery of the eel life cycle and reproduction.
In vivo cytochrome P450 activity alterations in diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mice

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been identified as a source of significant interindividual variation in drug metabolism. A previous ex vivo study demonstrated significant changes in hepatic Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in human NASH. This study evaluated the in vivo activities of multiple CYP isoforms simultaneously in prominent diabetic NASH mouse models. The pharmacokinetics of CYP selective substrates: caffeine, losartan, and omeprazole changed significantly in a diabetic NASH mouse model, indicating attenuation of the activity of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2c29, respectively. Decreased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2c29, as well as an overall decrease in CYP protein expression, was found in the diabetic NASH mice. Overall, these data suggest that the diabetic NASH model only partially recapitulates the human ex vivo CYP alteration pattern. Therefore, in vivo determination of the effects of NASH on CYP activity should be conducted in human, and more appropriate models are required for future drug metabolism studies in NASH.
Nitric oxide and inflammatory joint diseases

Inflammation of joints occurs as a result of injury or disease and imposes considerable suffering and economic loss. Despite the existence of numerous anti-inflammatory drugs, treatment of inflammatory joint conditions remains unsatisfactory, especially when the inflammation is chronic, as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence that nitric oxide (NO) is generated in inflamed joints has raised hopes of improving treatment by modulating the intra-articular activity of NO (reviewed in [1]).
Design and performance evaluation of a redundant binary full adder for uniform timing delay

Concurrency and timing guarantee are critical for robust performance of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Traditional binary adders are unable to provide such guarantee, as the timing delay is dependant on bit width and data. We present a design of a redundant binary full adder towards resolving this challenge, and a performance evaluation by implementing it with 0.6 μm CMOS technology. The design composes of three modules: binary-to-sign conversion, plus-plus-minus (PPM) adder and sign-to-binary conversion. The complete adder circuit was functionally verified using Virtuoso simulation, and the timing delays were compared with the conventional full adder circuits. Through Logical Effort optimization, 5 ns of the timing delay for PPM adder was achieved, which was constant for any bit width and independent of data. The design achieves reduced timing delay compared to common full adder circuits for 32-bit or higher number of bits. The design might be an attractive solution to provide uniform timing delay towards the CPS challenge.
Effects of motor impulsivity and sleep quality on swearing, interpersonally deviant and disadvantageous behaviors on online social networking sites

Reports point to an increase in problematic uses of social networking sites that may include swearing, interpersonally deviant and disadvantageous online behaviors. The etiology of such behaviors, though, is still unknown. Relying on models borrowed from the offline problematic behavior (e.g., gambling, substance abuse) and neurocognitive literatures, we theorize that such behaviors are driven, in part, by elevated motor impulsivity and poor sleep quality, which is also a growing concern in modern society; and that poor sleep quality strengthens the effects of motor impulsivity on the examined range of problematic behaviors, after accounting for stress effects. To test this model we conducted a time-lagged study involving 384 young adults from the US who use social networking sites. Findings based on structural equation modeling analyses reveal that (1) motor impulsivity drives some problematic online behaviors, (2) poor sleep quality (at normative levels) does not directly influence these behaviors, and (3) poor sleep quality augments the effect of motor impulsivity on swearing, interpersonally deviant, and disadvantageous online behaviors, after accounting for stress effects. The results point to possible etiological underpinnings of problematic online behaviors and can serve as a springboard for the development of interventions that target such factors.
New and Noteworthy Records of Several Non-Native Vascular Plant Species in Arkansas

Collections of nine species of vascular plants, all non-native to the United States, are reported as new or noteworthy for Arkansas. Three species, M arsilea quadri/olia, Pennisetum setaceum, and Thunbergia alata, are reported as new to Arkansas. Amaranthus blitum and Chamaesyce ophthalmica are reported for their second occurrence in Arkansas. An additional county record for each of three federally listed invasive species is reported: Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, and Myriophyllum spicatum. The current known distribution of Quercus acutissima in Arkansas is provided. Finally, some instances of localized reproductive spontaneity originating from cultivated plants are reported. These include: Acer palmatum (Japanese maple), Camellia japonica, (common camellia), Camellia sasanqua (fallflowering camellia, Loropetalum chinense (fringe flower), Raphiolepis indica (Indian hawthorn), and Ternstroemia gymnanthera (cleyera); all of which were previously undocumented in Arkansas in this condition.
An embedded scalable linear model predictive hardware-based controller using ADMM

Model predictive control (MPC) is a popular advanced model-based control algorithm for controlling systems that must respect a set of system constraints (e.g. actuator force limitations). However, the computing requirements of MPC limits the suitability of deploying its software implementation into embedded controllers requiring high update rates. This paper presents a scalable embedded MPC controller implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) coupled with an on-chip ARM processor. Our architecture implements an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) approach for computing MPC controller commands. All computations are performed using floating-point arithmetic. We introduce a software/hardware (SW/HW) co-design methodology, for which the ARM software can configure on-chip Block RAM to allow users to 1) configure the MPC controller for a wide range of plants, and 2) update at runtime the desired trajectory to track. Our hardware architecture has the flexibility to compromise between the amount of hardware resources used (regarding Block RAMs and DSPs) and the controller computing speed. For example, this flexibility gives the ability to control plants modeled by a large number of decision variables (i.e. a plant model using many Block RAMs) with a small number of computing resources (i.e. DSPs) at the cost of increased computing time. The hardware controller is verified using a Plant-on-Chip (PoC), which is configured to emulate a mass-spring system in real-time. A major driving goal of this work is to architect an SW/HW platform that brings FPGAs a step closer to being widely adopted by advanced control algorithm designers for deploying their algorithms into embedded systems.
Emerging Social Skills Interventions for Individuals with Autism

In addition to the evidence-based interventions discussed in this book, there are several interventions developed to improve social competence for individuals with autism spectrum disorder that show promise. While the interventions we discuss in this chapter have one or more studies suggesting clinical benefit for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, by definition they are not well established at this time, often because the research base lacks methodological rigor (e.g., large-scale controlled trials) and/or because the extant research is still fairly new and not thoroughly evaluated. Further exploration of these emerging interventions, however, is crucial in order to gather evidence regarding effective interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. In this chapter, we describe some of the emerging interventions targeting social skills for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, review the existing research on the use of the interventions by exploring the mechanism-driven versus distal outcome interventions, generalizability, and replicability of studies, and highlight the clinical implications for these techniques.
A Framework for the Automatic Vectorization of Parallel Sort on x86-Based Processors

The continued growth in the width of vector registers and the evolving library of intrinsics on the modern x86 processors make manual optimizations for data-level parallelism tedious and error-prone. In this paper, we focus on parallel sorting, a building block for many higher-level applications, and propose a framework for the Automatic SIMDization of Parallel Sorting (ASPaS) on x86-based multi- and many-core processors. That is, ASPaS takes any sorting network and a given instruction set architecture (ISA) as inputs and automatically generates vector code for that sorting network. After formalizing the sort function as a sequence of comparators and the transpose and merge functions as sequences of vector-matrix multiplications, ASPaS can map these functions to operations from a selected “pattern pool” that is based on the characteristics of parallel sorting, and then generate the vector code with the real ISA intrinsics. The performance evaluation on the Intel Ivy Bridge and Haswell CPUs, and Knights Corner MIC illustrates that automatically generated sorting codes from ASPaS can outperform the widely used sorting tools, achieving up to 5.2x speedup over the single-threaded implementations from STL and Boost and up to 6.7x speedup over the multi-threaded parallel sort from Intel TBB.
Chapter 6 – Kinetic Theory and Reaction Kinetics

What is transitional state theory? How do chemical reactions occur? While reaction rates are empirical in nature, collision theory does provide a means to estimate the reaction rate. Collision theory gives rise to the correct reaction rate dependence on concentrations and temperature. Based on collision theory, most viable reactions are bimolecular. Reactions with more than three molecules are unfavorable. Therefore, an elementary reaction usually involves two or three molecules on either side of the reaction. Nonelementary reactions can be decoupled into elementary reaction steps or reaction pathways. The reaction system that forms a nonelementary reaction can be analyzed as if one were dealing with a multiple-reaction system. Some reaction steps are faster than others. Some or all the reaction intermediates are present in the reaction system in only trace amount. These observations lead to two methods of simplifying reaction rate expressions: fast equilibrium steps and pseudo-steady-state hypothesis. Active intermediates can be active complex, transitional state (or activated molecules), and free radicals. Nonelementary reactions usually have more complicated reaction rate expressions than the simple power-law form. Fractional order (1/2, 3/2, …) can be observed for free radical reactions. Simple kinetic expressions can be obtained for an otherwise complicated problem when properly simplified. For acid hydrolysis of polymers, the reaction kinetics may be approximated by three “first-order reaction rate” relationships of lumped components despite a complicated composition of the reaction mixture. How can parameters be estimated? Straight line or linearization of rate equations was the method of choice in the past. The computer age has revolutionized regression techniques and allowed parametric estimations to be carried out properly and with ease. Parametric estimation based on experimental data is presented using a numerical integrator ODExLIMS.
MIL-STD-1235(ORD), Single- and Multi-Level Continuous Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes

(1975). MIL-STD-1235(ORD), Single- and Multi-Level Continuous Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 7, Standards and Specifications, pp. 77-89.
Abstract 4062: Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification at Middle Age in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by menstrual irregularity, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, affecting 6 to 10% of all women. PCOS is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Increased prevalent coronary calcification (CAC), independent of age and BMI in women with PCOS compared to normal women has been documented. CAC has been shown to be a surrogate for increased atherosclerotic disease and is a predictor of future coronary heart disease risk. The present study considered the rate of progression of CAC in middle-aged women with PCOS and in non-PCOS (control) women of similar age. Methods: A total of 117 PCOS cases and 151 controls aged 35 to 64 years (mean age 47.3 and 49.6) were evaluated at baseline (2001–2003) and again in 2003–2006 for CAC using electron beam computed tomography (EBT) (average follow-up = 2.8 years). The relationship between PCOS and CAC progression was explored with binary logistic regression analyses. CAC progression was defined as a change in CAC volume score of ≥+5 versus >>22>5 mm 3 /year. Separate models were run including and excluding women with type 2 diabetes and/or taking cholesterol-lowering statins. Results: At baseline, women with PCOS had a higher prevalence (and increased severity) of CAC (63.2%) compared with controls (41.7%). Annual progression of at least 5 mm 3 was found in 24.8% of PCOS cases and 13.9% of controls. PCOS was a significant predictor of CAC progression in the total sample after adjustment for age and BMI (p= 0.034). PCOS was no longer significant when baseline CAC was included in the model. Results were similar when women with type 2 diabetes and/or on statins at baseline (n=26) were removed from the analysis. Discussion: Women with PCOS are at higher risk for premature CAC than reproductively normal women. However, by middle age, the rate of progression of CAC in women is mediated more significantly by prevalent CAC than by the presence of PCOS alone. These findings suggest that among women with PCOS, clinical and lifestyle interventions to reduce cardiovascular disease risk should be be initiated in early adulthood before the appearance of prevalent CAC to impact later life development of CHD.
War Before Civilization—15 Years On

In the past 20 years, there has been a resurgence of archaeological interest in prehistoric and ancient warfare. Whether warfare is seen as a cause or an effect of features of and changes in the archaeological, ethnohistorical, or ancient historical record, it is back “in play.” This change was the result archaeologists working in Europe and the New World who were confronted by the warfare obvious in records in their areas of research. They then argued in the most widely read and stringently refereed publication venues, citing unequivocal evidence and using clear logic, that prehistoric and ethnohistoric warfare did occur and needs attention. One area that is still neglected by most archaeologists are the rare periods of relative peace—periods during which evidences of both war and homicide are rare. If recent archaeologists have shown limited interest in peace, they have at least now recognized that prehistoric war is not an oxymoron. While we vehemently disagree about the causes of war and when it began, archaeologists now recognize that ancient and prehistoric warfare did exist and that it is a topic that we can and should investigate, and most are gratified by the attention given to this subject by a new generation of scholars.
Interfacial Spin Seebeck effect in noncollinear magnetic systems

While the spin Seebeck effect has proven to be an invaluable tool for probing spin correlations in collinear magnetic insulators, a theory generalizing the heat-to-spin interconversion in noncollinear magnets is still lacking. Nonetheless, a variety of quantum magnets that are attracting an increasing attention to, e.g., their topological properties display a noncollinear spin order. Here, we establish a general framework for thermally driven spin transport at the interface between a noncollinear magnet and a normal metal. Modeling the interfacial coupling between localized and itinerant magnetic moments via an exchange Hamiltonian, we derive an expression for the spin current, driven by a temperature difference, for an arbitrary noncollinear magnetic order. Our theory reproduces previously obtained results for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnet systems.
Designing Randomized Clinical Trials in Dermatologic Surgery

There are many ways to better understand how to diagnose and treat our patients. An unusually powerful tool is the randomized controlled trial (RCT). The first well-reported RCT assessed utility of streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculosis in 1948 (Williams, How to critically appraise a randomized controlled trial. In: Williams H, Bigby M, Herxheimer A, Naldi L, Rzany B, Dellavale R, Ran Y, Furue E (eds) Evidence-based dermatology, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 39–45, 2014). Although a relatively newcomer to the scientific toolbox, the blinded RCT is now widely acknowledged as the key building block that underpins high-level medical evidence.
Two-photon absorption-based optical logic

We have studied high speed optical logic utilizing ultrafast two-photon absorption (TPA) induced phase change in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). Results show that this scheme can realize all-optical logic and encryption at data speeds to 250 Gb/s.
Abstract 1922: MYB mimic peptides targeting human and murine MYB-NFIB positive tumor cells

Adenoid Cystic Cancer (ACC) is the most aggressive salivary gland tumor with no effective systemic therapy. MYB/MYBL1 fusion event underlies the etiology of ACC with few recurrent variants focused on NOTCH and chromatin remodeling pathways and low overall mutational tumor burden. No chemotherapy or targeted drugs have been approved for ACC. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. To study MYB biology and test new therapeutic agents we have developed and characterized the phenotype of a new murine conditional MYB-NFIB transgene model and have also generated a mammary tumor cell line expressing the human MYB fusion transgene with ACC-like features. We have also generated new human MYB-NFIB positive ACC tumor cell lines and xenografts from patient samples and have tested these tumor cells with newly developed MYB mimic peptides. We analyzed the phenotype of mice carrying conditional MMTV-CRE MYB-NFIB transgene alone or after crossing to heterozygosity with p16/ARF null alleles. We observed shortened survival in two different mouse transgene strains due to development of B-cell leukemia manifested by elevated WBC, low platelets, and marked splenomegaly. We also noted sporadic solid tumors including the development of a murine mammary tumor which generated a MYB-NFIB positive tumor cell line for testing new therapies. In addition, we have generated patient derived xenografts (PDX) and the successful generation of a human ACC tumor cell line from fresh ACC patient biopsies. Using shRNA reagents we observed reduced tumor cell growth and viability assayed by MTS assay following Notch1 and MYB knockdown. We also tested four candidate MYB inhibitors, celastrol, all-trans retinoic acid, and the peptidomimetic inhibitors, MYBMIM and CRYBMIM, against murine and human ACC tumor samples with immortalized normal cells as controls and will discuss these results. Citation Format: Yue Jiang, Lauren Forbes, Jianping Li, Shelby Freeberg, Chunxia Cao, Maria Zajac-Kaye, Jonathan Licht, Alex Kentsis, Frederic Kaye. MYB mimic peptides targeting human and murine MYB-NFIB positive tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1922.
Not All Information Is Equal: Effects of Disclosing Different Types of Likelihood Information on Trust, Compliance and Reliance, and Task Performance in Human-Automation Teaming:

ObjectiveThe study examines the effects of disclosing different types of likelihood information on human operators’ trust in automation, their compliance and reliance behaviors, and the human-autom...
2624 Private vs Public: How Insurance Type Impacts Patient's ‘No-Show’ Appointment Rates and Time to Surgery

Study Objective To evaluate how insurance type (public vs private) impacts the frequency of missed appointments and the time lapse from first office visit to date of gynecologic surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic hospital. Patients or Participants Women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy, robotic-assisted hysterectomy, or myomectomy procedures between 2012 and 2018. Interventions N/A. Measurements and Main Results 939 patients were identified; 267 (28.4%) were laparoscopic hysterectomies, 368 (39.2%) were robotic-assisted hysterectomies, and 304 (32.4%) were myomectomies. In the sample, 340 (36.2%) patients had public insurance and 599 (63.8%) had private insurance. Public insurance was significantly associated with older age, a smaller proportion of White/Caucasian race, higher BMI, higher gravidity, higher parity, a smaller proportion of married patients, more chronic medical conditions, and lower employment rates (all p Conclusion Patients with public insurance were more likely to missed scheduled appointment than those with private insurance. There was no difference between groups temporally from initial consult to surgery. Further research needs to be conducted to understand what socioeconomic factors impact publicly insured patients' access to appointments and how to remove those barriers.