cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combination stone and resilient material for removable partial denture remount cast described and compared with two other remount cast procedures

A procedure for making a combination remount cast of stone and elastomeric material for removable partial dentures is described in detail and is compared quantitatively with two other methods for making remount casts for removable partial dentures. This method does not require blocking out the undercuts in the denture base or around the clasps.
A vision for ultrafast photoisomerization

Abstract We propose a simple physical mechanism to explain the ultrafast first step of vision, a photoinduced cis to trans rotation of retinal. In the ground state, the torsional stability of π bonds is countered by Coulomb interactions acting between the π lobes; the torsional dependence for Coulomb interactions is absent in the often-used Ohno approximation, but restored with our formula. After photoexcitation, the bonding weakens causing the destabilizing terms to dominate. The twist in the ground state due to steric interactions surrounding the 11-cis bond increases the initial torque and thus the speed of the reaction.
Egg yolk lipids and maternal diet in the nutrition of turkey embryo.

Turkey hens were fed diets containing no added fat nor diets supplemented with soybean oil or neatsfoot oil. The composition of neutral and polar lipid fatty acids present in the unincubated turkey egg yolk was compared with that of those present in the yolk sac of the developing turkey embryo at different stages of development. Comparisons were made of the fatty acid fractions in the entire embryo homogenates, except liver and heart, which were analyzed separately. Changes in the relative amounts of the fatty acids are reported as affected by age of the embryo and by dietary lipids. The fatty acids from both the neutral and polar lipids which were utilized to the greatest extent for embryonic development were palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic, regardless of the dietary supplements. Arachidonic, tetracosenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids also were metabolized by the embryo. Saturated fatty acids, used by the embryo as development progressed, were palmitic, stearic, and arachidic acids. Analyses of the liver fatty acids showed that the C16∶0 C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1, and C20∶4 acids in the neutral and polar lipids decreased with embryonic development and varied with the type of diet. The heart contained low levels of myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids in the neutral lipids and palmitoleic and oleic acids in the polar lipids.
Middle East Turmoil and Human Rights: How will the ‘New’ Regimes Expand Civil Liberties

AbstractDuring the spring of 2011, there were a number of significant developments in North Africa and the Middle East. Specifically, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen all experienced levels of civil unrest not seen in more than a generation. Clearly there are cries for democracy and freedom, but what will this mean to groups that have historically been discriminated against or disenfranchised regardless of the type of regime in power? For example, will women fare any better as a result of a new government in Tunisia? Will gays in Cairo find a more tolerant government? Can ethnic or religious minorities in Tripoli endure or flourish? The answers to these questions get to the heart of meaningful transformations in governance structures in MENA states.
Effects of development, temperature, and calcium hypochlorite treatment on in vitro germinability of Phalaenopsis seeds

Abstract There are no standardized procedures for sanitizing orchid seeds for propagation by tissue culture and there is insufficient information about the optimum stage of orchid seed development for best germination. Phalaenopsis amabilis flowers were hand-pollinated and fruits harvested 90, 105, and 120 d after pollination (DAP) for seed developmental analysis. Embryo cell number per seed was counted after staining with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and viewing through a confocal microscope. Germination percentage and cell number per embryo increased from 14 to 61% and 41 to 66%, respectively, during fruit development from 90 to 120 DAP. Seeds from mature, browning (∼140 DAP) Phalaenopsis Sogo Lit-Angel and Phalaenopsis spp. breeding line 9450 seed pods failed to germinate until frozen at −196, −80, or −18 °C and thawed or chilled at 4 °C for 10 d. Germinability in 140 DAP seeds was correlated with cracked testa after freezing and thawing. P. amabilis seeds were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 15% calcium hypochlorite (CH) for 5, 10, or 15 min. Ninety six percent of untreated seeds from 90 DAP fruit produced protocorms within 40 d after sowing (DAS). Exposing seeds to 5% CH for 10 or 15 min decreased germination to 85 and 73%, respectively. Exposure to 10 or 15% CH for 5, 10, or 15 min produced seed germination percentages of less than 40%. Protocorms developed root hairs and shoot primordia by 50 DAS and an average of one leaf and root by 85 DAS after treatment with either 0 or 5% CH. Higher concentrations delayed or inhibited protocorm development. Green fruits 120 DAP produced the highest percentage of protocorms, while ∼140 DAP seeds from browning fruit were dormant but cold treatments increased germination.
Parallel VHDL simulation

VHDL simulation is a common tool for verifying a circuit design. The complexity of modern computer components is growing at a substantial rate. Consider modern processors and GPUs which contain 100 to 300 million transistors. In a variety of consumer markets ranging from scientific computing to business servers to PC gaming, substantial effort is being made to maximize performance while also trying to decrease the time to market to stay competitive. This presents a problem for sequential VHDL simulators. In this poster, we plan to present the preliminary results of a parallel VHDL simulator based on the POSE discrete event simulation framework. By using POSE, the simulator is able to utilize various features of the portable and adaptive Charm++ runtime system. Parallel simulation will reduce the time to verify new designs. Additionally, it will allow larger, more complex designs to be simulated than would be possible with current sequential simulators.
Detecting cancer by monitoring circulating tumor DNA

DNA that is shed by dead tumor cells into the blood, termed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), is a rich resource that could potentially be used for cancer diagnostics and monitoring. A new study describes a sequencing-based method that improves upon the sensitivity and specificity achieved by past techniques for detecting ctDNA and that can be used for monitoring of disease burden in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (pages 548–554).
Differential capacity of wild type promoter elements for binding and trans-activation by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors.

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and thyroid hormone receptor (T3R) are structurally similar and can bind as homodimers or T3R-RAR heterodimers to a single synthetic DNA response element. The interaction of these two types of receptors with wild type elements, however, has not been systematically investigated. Promoter elements from genes regulated by retinoic acid (RA) or thyroid hormone (T3) were tested for response to T3 and RA in transient transfections in both JEG and COS cells. The elements were classified as primarily responsive to RA or to T3 or responsive to both ligands. Binding of highly purified RAR alpha and T3R alpha to the various elements was assessed using the gel shift assay. Those elements predominantly responsive to one ligand showed preferential binding to the appropriate receptor. A series of point mutations were introduced into the rat GH T3 response element to further define sequence requirements for response to both RA and T3. Down-mutations in any of the three hexamers (previously de...
Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum

Empirical skills are playing an increasingly important role in the computing profession and our society. But while traditional computer science curricula are effective in teaching software design skills, little attention has been paid to developing empirical investigative skills such as forming testable hypotheses, designing experiments, critiquing their validity, collecting data, explaining results, and drawing conclusions. In this paper, we describe an initiative at Dickinson College that integrates the development of empirical skills throughout the computer science curriculum. At the introductory level, students perform experiments, analyze the results, and discuss their conclusions. In subsequent courses, they develop their skills at designing, conducting and critiquing experiments through incrementally more open-ended assignments. By their senior year, they are capable of forming hypotheses, designing and conducting experiments, and presenting conclusions based on the results.
(p,d) REACTION ON N = Z NUCLEI IN THE 2s-1d SHELL.

An investigation of the ($p,d$) reaction on $N=Z$ nuclei in the $2s\ensuremath{-}1d$ shell has been made to obtain spectroscopic information and to study the ${l}_{n}=2$ $J$-dependence for the ($p,d$) reaction. The experiments were performed with $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$, and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ as target nuclei, and virtually all of the $2s\ensuremath{-}1d$ shell hole strength was observed. Deuteron angular distributions for strongly excited levels in $^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{27}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{31}\mathrm{S}$, $^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$, and $^{39}\mathrm{Ca}$ were measured for laboratory angles from 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 155\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and spectroscopic factors were obtained using distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) calculations. The $J$ dependence for the pickup of an ${l}_{n}=2$ neutron appears mostly in the forward angles of the angular distributions and seems to follow systematic trends through the $2s\ensuremath{-}1d$ shell, thus suggesting spin assignments for levels in $^{31}\mathrm{S}$, $^{35}\mathrm{Ar}$, and $^{39}\mathrm{Ca}$. Appreciable configuration mixing is found to exist in the ground-state wave functions of all the nuclei investigated. Of particular interest are the ${l}_{n}=1$ levels excited in the $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}(p,d)^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(p,d)^{27}\mathrm{Si}$ reactions, which could arise from the removal of either $1p$- or $2p$-shell neutrons. The ground states of $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ are observed to contain appreciable mixing with the ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shell, and evidence exists for a small ${[2p]}^{2}$ admixture in the $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ ground state. The level orders of the residual nuclei and the DWBA spectroscopic factors are discussed in terms of the strong-coupling rotational model and Nilsson-model wave functions. Evidence for strong rotational band mixing is apparent in many cases.
The Structure of the C60 Molecule: X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination of a Twin at 110 K

Single-crystal x-ray diffraction methods were used to determine the crystal and molecular structure of C(60) buckminsterfullerene. At 110 kelvin C(60) is cubic, apparent Laue symmetry m3m, but it exhibits noncrystallographic systematic extinctions indicative of a twin in which I(hkl) and I(khl) are superimposed. In fact, C(60) crystallizes with four molecules in space group [See equation in the PDF file] of the cubic system (Laue symmetry m3) with lattice constant a = 14.052(5) angstroms (A) at 110 kelvin. The twin components are equal. A given component, which has crystallographically imposed symmetry [See equation in the PDF file] displays an ordered structure of a truncated icosahedron. The five independent C=C bonds that join C(6) rings average 1.355(9) A; the ten independent C-C bonds that join C(6) and C(5) rings average 1.467(21) A. The mean atom-to-atom diameter of the C(60) molecule is 7.065(3) A. The molecules are very tightly packed in the crystal structure, with intermolecular C...C distances as short as 3.131(7) A.
Endoscopic Ultrasonographic Features of a Giant Brunner's Gland Adenoma

Brunner's gland adenomas are rare, benign, duodenal tumors that occur in middle age. These lesions are often discovered accidentally during upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy or can sometimes manifest as UGI bleeding or duodenal obstruction. The definite diagnosis is determined by histology. We report a case of Brunner's gland adenoma presenting with UGI bleeding and epigastralgia. UGI endoscopy revealed a giant polypoid mass about 4–5 cm in diameter with a central shallow ulcer in the duodenal bulb. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a mixed echoic, pedunculated mass arising from the submucosa or mucosa with an intact muscle layer and several cystic lesions within the mass. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor and recovered without sequelae. We suggest that the multiple cystic changes in a heterogeneous mixed echoic mass are the key EUS features of Brunner's gland adenoma. EUS plays an important role in the diagnosis of Brunner's gland adenoma before histologic confirmation of the resected tumor.
Configuration discovery and monitoring middleware for enterprise datacenters

Automatic discovery and monitoring of IT resources is a critical part of enterprise systems management. In addition to ascertaining internal device configurations, this discovery process may also need to capture the capabilities, usage, connectivity, availability, and other information related to various IT components. Systems resource management (SRM) tools typically implement this discovery process using device specific APIs, custom agents and/or some standard-based solution (like WBEM and CIM). The discovery actions need to be systematically planned; an inefficient implementation or scheduling may easily take from a few minutes to several hours to complete in a large heterogeneous enterprise datacenter. This paper discusses the various challenges associated in discovering the configuration of a datacenter environment and presents an autonomic configuration monitoring middleware called Magellan that builds upon industry best practices and standards. Magellan reduces the overall discovery time by more than 50% in our micro-benchmark experiments as well as in a large datacenter configuration of a major financial organization.
Ion backscattering study of ultra-thin oxides: Al2O3 and AlHfOx films on Si

Abstract Ultra-thin films of aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide are currently being explored as high-k gate dielectrics for next generation CMOS and related devices. Among the many methods to produce such films, atomic layer deposition (ALD) appears very promising as it enables deposition of ultra-thin layers on Si and other substrates with monolayer control. For device applications, it is critical to be able to measure and control the total oxide film thickness, as well as that of the SiO2 which often forms at the high-k/Si interface. In this work we show how Hf, O, Al and Si from ultra-thin oxides can be detected and separated from the Si substrate scattering spectrum. In order to separate the Si substrate signal from the amorphous ultra-thin oxide O, Al and Si signals, ion channeling is applied. While the separation of Al and Si signals from thin oxide layers in typical 2 MeV He RBS is difficult due to the small mass difference, we demonstrate that separating these signals is possible using higher energy scattering, 2.7 MeV. The effects of non-Rutherford scattering cross-sections, including the O(α, α)O resonance at 3030 keV, will be discussed.
Rare earth graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract A group of new Me-graphite compounds, where Me represents the elements Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb was prepared. The compounds were formed by reacting graphite with a metallic solution of rare earth elements in liquid ammonia. Except for ytterbium which dissolves directly in liquid ammonia, all other rare earths had to be dissolved by electrolytic techniques using a Pt-cathode, a rare earth anode and NH4I as an electrolyte. The intercalation compounds were analyzed for Me, C, N, H and I. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out at several temperatures between 80°K and 290°K. The measurements indicate that in Gd-, Tb-, Dy-, Ho-, Er- and Tm- graphite the rare earths are present in the trivalent state. In ytterbium graphite, ytterbium has an effective valency between two and three. X-ray data will be discussed.
Themes of Adult Sibling Sexual Abuse Survivors in Later Life: An Initial Exploration

This paper examines the thematic treatment issues presented in a small, clinical practice setting by eight women aged 56 through 69 who were sexually abused by their brothers/stepbrothers during childhood and seeking therapy for issues dealing with a terminally ill and/or dying parent. The reemergence of traumatic issues and family dynamics with aging parents and end-of-life-issues, dealing with a previously abusive brother, and treatment recommendations on managing reactions, affect, and boundaries are presented.
Chaotic behavior of a marked point process

Abstract The logistic equation, a discrete-time process, is embedded in a continuous-time marked point process of the Poisson type. The concept of the Liapunov exponent used in the study of chaos is then applied to the point process to describe some of its behavior. Characterizations in terms of Markov processes and martingales are used in the analysis.
Smart Ceramics for Broadband Vibration Control

The broadband control of compliance coefficient S33 of a hard ceramic has direct applications in active vibration control. A collocated smart system consisting of ceramic sensor, actuator and a feedback amplifier is developed with 3.5 kHz bandwidth of compliance control without using filter in the feedback circuit. It is found that modified lead titanate with very low planar coupling coefficient kp is most suited as a sensor material for this type of system. The require ments of the feedback amplifier for such a system are discussed and an amplifier design presented. The bandwidth of compliance control is experimentally determined by bench tests using a B and K shaker.
Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in bone marrow of cats

Natural or experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats is often associated with hematologic abnormalities which are similar to those observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. To determine if cells in bone marrow are infected with FIV and whether severity of hematopoietic disorder is correlated with the level of viral infection, bone marrow tissues from ten experimentally and two naturally FIV infected cats were examined by in situ hybridization for presence of FIV RNA. Seven of the 12 FIV infected cats were also naturally or experimentally coinfected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). FIV RNA was detected mainly in megakaryocytes and unidentified mononuclear cells in the bone marrow of cats that were sick and had marrow hypercellularity and immaturity. These included all cats in the acute phase of FIV infection and two of seven long term FIV infected cats. One long term FIV infected cat with lymphosarcoma was also positive for FIV RNA in bone marrow cells. The other four long term FIV infected cats were relatively healthy, with normal bone marrow morphology, and were negative for FIV infected cells. Bone marrow from three non-infected and two cats infected with FeLV alone were also negative for FIV RNA by in situ hybridization. We concluded that megakaryocytes and mononuclear cells were targets of the viral infection and that the presence of FIV RNA in cells of the bone marrow correlated with marrow hypercellularity and immaturity, and severity of illness.
Continuous radioelectrocardiographic monitoring of football and basketball coaches during games

Abstract Thirty football and basketball coaches were monitored continuously with a radiotelemetric monitoring device throughout games in which their teams competed. All responded to the stress of the game with an increase in heart rate averaging 42 beats per minute over resting rates in the pregame period and with an additional increase of 21 beats and with an additional increase of 21 beats per minute during the game period. Eight coaches developed rare premature ventricular beats and in two they were frequent. The only coach with known coronary disease had multifocal premature ventricular beats. Eleven developed rare premature atrial beats and in one they were frequent. A short run of atrial tachycardia occurred in one coach. None of them developed symptoms or significant S-T, T, or QRS changes.
The importance of the P-waves in the differentiation of attenuation of the QRS voltage due to pericardial effusion versus due to peripheral edema.

Abstract Background The cases of the 3 patients reported herein show the role of the P-waves in the differential diagnosis of the attenuated voltage of QRS complexes from pericardial effusion (PEREF) and from those resulting from peripheral edema (PERED) of varying pathophysiologic etiology. Methods and Results Whereas the QRS complexes decrease similarly in these 2 conditions, the voltage of P-waves do not become attenuated in PEREF, but do so in PERED. The underlying mechanism preventing attenuation of the voltage of P-waves in PEREF is the lack of much fluid around the atria, particularly in the presence of less than massive PEREF (no local electrical short-circuiting influence), in contrast to the attenuating effect exerted to both ventricles and atria in patients with PERED, who as a result, show parallel decrease in the voltage of QRS complexes and P-waves. Conclusion Attenuation of the amplitude of the electrocardiogram QRS complexes occurs in both patients with PEREF and PERED; however, attenuation of the amplitude of the P-waves is seen only in patients with PERED, and this observation is useful in the differential diagnosis of these 2 clinical conditions.
Graphical User Interfaces for Engineering Design: Impact of Response Delay and Training on User Performance

Visualization techniques are becoming more prevalently used as decision support tools for parameter design and engineering optimization. Despite the apparent advantages of visualization techniques, we have found little evidence in the engineering literature that assesses the impact of fast, graphical design interfaces on the efficiency and effectiveness of engineering design decisions or the design optimization process. In this paper, we present experimental results from an I-beam design problem that was used to test the impact of having fast graphical feedback on design efficiency and effectiveness, extending our previous studies. The importance of rapid feedback is investigated by incorporating time delays in the software response to mimic computationally expensive design analyses. Design efficiency is measured by recording the completion time for solving the design problem, and design effectiveness is measured by calculating the error between a submitted design and the known optimum. The impact of graphical feedback is examined by comparing user performance on three different interfaces. The interfaces were constructed based on a richness scale that was motivated from principles of visual attention and object perception to explain the extent to which task demands are compatible with the graphical form of the interface. Response delay appears to have more of an affect on design effectiveness and efficiency, while interface richness appears to have more of an affect on the design search process. Experimental results indicate that response delays of 1.5 seconds significantly impact user performance and that users perform better as the richness of the design interface increases. We also found that the perceived workload of the users increased as delay increased and as the richness of the design interface decreased. Implications for graphical design interface development for engineering design and optimization are explored within the context of our findings.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Fast Pathway via Unconventional Right Subclavian Venous Access for Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

We report the case of a patient with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), who was found to have obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by a calcified mass during an electrophysiologic study (EPS). Subsequently, complete EPS was performed via a combined right internal jugular and subclavian venous access. Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of the fast pathway was performed via the unconventional right subclavian venous route.
Transesophageal echocardiography: Normal variants and mimickers

An accurate diagnosis of cardiac pathology using TEE is contingent upon the ability to recognize and differentiate normal cardiac structures and normal variants from pathologic conditions. We describe several normal cardiac structures commonly imaged using TEE of the atria, interatrial septum, aorta, valves, and extracardiac spaces that may mimic diverse pathologic states, such as intracardiac tumor and thrombus, valvular vegetations, mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse, atherosclerotic plaque, and aortic dissection. Methods to aid in the differentiation of normal cardiac structures from pathology are offered.
The incidence of excess interest costs paid by municipalities in the competitive sale of bonds

Abstract State and local governments often pay higher interest rates than necessary on their new municipal bonds sold competitively because of the use of inefficient bidding rules and of a flawed measure of interest rate to evaluate the bids. This paper answers the question: if municipalities pay more than necessary, who benefits? The evidence suggests that the largest beneficiary is the Federal government, which collects capital gains taxes that it would not if the bonds were sold more efficiently. Most of the remainder of the excess interest costs are absorbed as economic waste or as windfalls to inframarginal investors.
Genetic analysis across different spatial scales reveals multiple dispersal mechanisms for the invasive hydrozoan Cordylophora in the Great Lakes

Discerning patterns of post-establishment spread by invasive species is critically important for the design of effective management strategies and the development of appropriate theoretical models predicting spatial expansion of introduced populations. The globally invasive colonial hydrozoan Cordylophora produces propagules both sexually and vegetatively and is associated with multiple potential dispersal mechanisms, making it a promising system to investigate complex patterns of population structure generated throughout the course of rapid range expansion. Here, we explore genetic patterns associated with the spread of this taxon within the North American Great Lakes basin. We collected intensively from eight harbours in the Chicago area in order to conduct detailed investigation of local population expansion. In addition, we collected from Lakes Michigan, Erie, and Ontario, as well as Lake Cayuga in the Finger Lakes of upstate New York in order to assess genetic structure on a regional scale. Based on data from eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci we examined the spatial extent of clonal genotypes, assessed levels of neutral genetic diversity, and explored patterns of migration and dispersal at multiple spatial scales through assessment of population level genetic differentiation (pairwise FST and factorial correspondence analysis), Bayesian inference of population structure, and assignment tests on individual genotypes. Results of these analyses indicate that Cordylophora populations in this region spread predominantly through sexually produced propagules, and that while limited natural larval dispersal can drive expansion locally, regional expansion likely relies on anthropogenic dispersal vectors.
HOLMIUM: YAG LITHOTRIPSY EFFICIENCY VARIES WITH ENERGY DENSITY

AbstractPurpose: We test the hypothesis that holmium:YAG lithotripsy efficiency varies with optical fiber sizer and energy settings (energy density).Materials and Methods: The 272, 365, 550 and 940 micro m. optical fibers delivered 1 kJ. total holmium:YAG energy to calcium oxalate monohydrate calculi at energy output/pulse of 0.2 to 1.5 J. Stone mass loss was measured for each fiber energy setting. Stone crater width was characterized for single energy pulses. Fiber energy outputs were compared before and after lithotripsy.Results: Stone mass loss correlated inversely with optical fiber diameter (p <0.05). Stone loss correlated with energy/pulse for the 365, 550 and 940 micro m. fibers (p <0.001). The 272 and 365 micro m. fibers yielded equivalent stone loss at 0.2 and 0.5 J. per pulse. At energies of 1.0 J. per pulse or greater the 272 micro m. optical fiber was prone to damage, and yielded reduced energy output and stone loss compared to the 365 micro m. fiber (p <0.01). Stone crater width for single pu...
A conjectured combinatorial formula for the Hilbert series for diagonal harmonics

We introduce a conjectured way of expressing the Hilbert series of diagonal harmonics as a weighted sum over parking functions. Our conjecture is based on a pair of statistics for the q,t-Catalan sequence discovered by Haiman and proven by Haglund and Garsia (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98 (2001) 4313-4316). We show how our q,t-parking function formula for the Hilbert series can be expressed more compactly as a sum over permutations. We also derive two equivalent forms of our conjecture, one of which is based on the original pair of statistics for the q,t-Catalan introduced by Haglund and the other of which is expressed in terms of rooted, labelled trees.
Hypertension in the ESRD patient: Pathophysiology, therapy, outcomes, and future directions

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD), chronic renal failure, and transplant patient population. The majority of dialysis patients begin renal replacement therapy with a disproportionate cardiovascular disease risk factor burden, eg, premature atherosclerosis, hypertensive vascular disease, nonhypertensive left ventricular dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, age, and so on. Each of these accelerates the other. This report will review hypertension in the ESRD patient population. The Joint Clinical Practices Committee of the Renal Physicians Association and the American Society of Nephrology was asked to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the treatment of hypertension in chronic renal failure and the ESRD patient, to be presented to the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). The group was also asked to identify areas for future study and prepare an up-to-date bibliography in the field. Based on an in-depth review of the literature, the committee concluded that not enough data were available to submit an evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Thus, a treatment algorithm was not provided to the HCFA. This manuscript, based on the scientific data for the report to the HCFA, is an in-depth review of the literature on hypertension in the ESRD patient. Pathogenesis, relation to outcome, clinical therapeutic guidelines, and areas for future study are discussed. In addition, the separate exhaustive bibliography (obtainable from the National Kidney Foundation) for hypertension, renal disease, and dialysis should be a valuable resource to all nephrologists interested in clinical practice and research.
A rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to reconstruct abdominal wall defects.

Abstract Primary reconstruction of acute traumatic losses of the abdominal wall usually require immediate replacement of the fascial defect with one of the available plastic meshes followed by split skin grafting or flap transfer. A long-term follow-up of such patients (Mathes and Stone, 1975) disclosed marked tenderness and instability of the skin grafts in pressure areas overlying the synthetic mesh; approximately one-quarter of these patients require a secondary reconstruction. The rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to be described was successfully used in one such case.
The Genetic Architecture of Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Comparative Assessment of Candidate Gene Associations vs. Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping

Association mapping focused on 36 genes involved in branch development was used to identify candidate genes for variation in shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana. The associations between four branching traits and moderate-frequency haplogroups at the studied genes were tested in a panel of 96 accessions from a restricted geographic range in Central Europe. Using a mixed-model association-mapping method, we identified three loci—MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2), MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 3 (MAX3), and SUPERSHOOT 1 (SPS1)—that were significantly associated with branching variation. On the basis of a more extensive examination of the MAX2 and MAX3 genomic regions, we find that linkage disequilibrium in these regions decays within ∼10 kb and trait associations localize to the candidate genes in these regions. When the significant associations are compared to relevant quantitative trait loci (QTL) from previous Ler × Col and Cvi × Ler recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping studies, no additive QTL overlapping these candidate genes are observed, although epistatic QTL for branching, including one that spans the SPS1, are found. These results suggest that epistasis is prevalent in determining branching variation in A. thaliana and may need to be considered in linkage disequilibrium mapping studies of genetically diverse accessions.
Russia's quest for multipolarity: A response to US foreign policy in the post‐cold war era

A good deal of attention has recently been focused on whether and how new ‘poles’ will rise to challenge American hegemony. This article examines the conscious effort by Russian policymakers and commentators to foster a multipolar world designed to resist American domination of the international system. In particular, three policies are examined: the formation of a Slavic Union with Belarus; the developing de facto alliance with China; and the ‘democratization’ of international politics. In light of Moscow's policies, I conclude that American foreign policy has become counterproductive by sparking balancing behavior on the part of other great powers.
Some simple formulae for normal mode wave numbers, cutoff frequencies and the number of modes trapped by a sound channel

To a good first approximation acoustic propagation in a sound channel is dominated by a finite number of trapped modes. However, exact solutions are known for only a few special cases, making it necessary in general to use numerical methods to solve the normal mode equation. But often one is interested only in the gross features, such as the number of modes or cutoff frequencies, and one does not need the detail provided by a complete normal mode calculation. Even if a normal mode calculation is desired, the computation time can be reduced considerably if the mode numbers can be estimated in advance. In such a case, the WKB method can be used to obtain formulae which, although they are approximate, are given in closed form. In this paper formulae based in exact and WKB solutions are presented for the number of models trapped in some simple sound channels and for the wavenumbers and cutoff frequencies associated with these modes. The number of trapped modes is shown to depend on the gross features of the sound channel, while the distribution of modal wavenumbers depends to a greater degree on the details of the profile shape.
Flying Low: Simple Leases with Workspace Pilot

As the use of virtual machines (VMs) for scientific applications becomes more common, we encounter the need to integrate VM provisioning models into the existing resource management infrastructure as seamlessly as possible. To address such requirements, we describe an approach to VM management that uses multi-level scheduling to integrate VM provisioning into batch schedulers such as PBS. We then evaluate our approach on the TeraPort cluster at the University of Chicago.
Recorrido histórico de festividades urbanas

Obra completa. Eduardo Cote Lamus. Pedro Alejo Gomez (edicion). J.M. Caballero Bonald (prologo) Casa de Poesia Silva, Bogota, 2005, 486 pags.
On the design of controlled tricrystal specimens for the systematic investigation of static grain boundary triple junction properties

We consider the optimal design of tricrystal specimens for use in experimental studies of static triple junction properties. Important considerations in this regard are the stability and reproducibility of the tricrystal structure, and we develop a straightforward criterion for the selection of particular grain boundary misorientations and interfacial planes that meet these needs. A small set of particular cases is proposed to provide representative, reproducible and therefore comparable bases for the experimental study of triple junction properties.
A Dual Coding View of Vocabulary Learning

ABSTRACT A theoretical perspective on acquiring sight vocabulary and developing meaningful vocabulary is presented. Dual Coding Theory assumes that cognition occurs in two independent but connected codes: a verbal code for language and a nonverbal code for mental imagery. The mixed research literature on using pictures in teaching sight vocabulary is briefly reviewed, and a possible resolution suggested. The use of concrete, high-imagery words and both verbal and nonverbal contexts are found to be important factors in teaching sight vocabulary along with word decodability. Effective methods of teaching meaningful vocabulary that are consistent with Dual Coding Theory are briefly reviewed, including self-generated imagery, the use of illustrations, the keyword method, and verbal-associative methods. Results are relevant for both normal readers and those experiencing reading problems.
EXPGUI, a graphical user interface for GSAS

A description and justification of the EXPGUI program is presented. This program implements a graphical user interface and shell for the GSAS single-crystal and Rietveld package. Use of the Tcl/Tk scripting language allows EXPGUI to be platform independent. Also included is a synopsis of how the program is implemented.
Human B cells become highly responsive to macrophage-inflammatory protein-3 alpha/CC chemokine ligand-20 after cellular activation without changes in CCR6 expression or ligand binding.

CCR6 is the only known receptor for the chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α/CC chemokine ligand (CCL)20. We have shown previously that CCR6 is expressed on peripheral blood B cells, but CCR6 activity on these cells is low in in vitro assays. We report that MIP-3α/CCL20-induced calcium flux and chemotaxis can be enhanced significantly on peripheral blood and tonsillar B cells after activation by cross-linking surface Ag receptors. Of particular interest is the fact that the enhanced activity on B cells was not associated with an increase in CCR6 expression as assessed by levels of receptor mRNA, surface staining, or MIP-3α/CCL20 binding sites, or by a change in the affinity of the receptor for ligand. These data convincingly demonstrate that responses to a chemokine can be regulated solely by changes in the downstream pathways for signal transduction resulting from Ag receptor activation, and establish CCR6 as an efficacious receptor on human B cells.
Cardiac pacemakers, ICDs, and loop recorder: evaluation of translational attraction using conventional ("long-bore") and "short-bore" 1.5- and 3.0-Tesla MR systems.

Purpose. To evaluate magnet-related translational attraction for cardiac pacemakers, ICDs, and an insertable loop recorder in association with exposure to “long-bore” and “short-bore” 1.5- and 3.0-Tesla MR systems. Materials and methods. Fourteen cardiac pacemakers, four ICDs, and one insertable loop recorder were evaluated for translational attraction using deflection angle tests performed at the points of the highest spatial gradients for long-bore and short-bore 1.5- and 3.0-Tesla MR systems according to ASTM guidelines. Results. Deflection angles ranged from 9 – 908 for the long-bore and from 11 – 908 for the short-bore 1.5-T MR system. Deflection angles ranged from 23 – 908 for the long-bore and from 34– 908 for the short-bore 3.0-T MR system. Three of the cardiovascular implants exhibited deflection angles $ 458 (i.e., indicating that they are potentially unsafe for patients) on the long-bore and short-bore 1.5-T MR systems. Eight implants exhibited deflection angles $ 458 on the longbore 3.0-T MR system, while 14 exhibited deflection angles $ 458 on the short-bore 3.0-T MR system. In general, deflection angles for these cardiovascular implants were significantly (p , 0.01) higher on 1.5- and 3.0-Tesla short-bore compared to the long-bore MR systems. Conclusions. Several of the cardiovascular implants that underwent evaluation may be problematic for patients undergoing MR procedures using 1.5- and 3.0-T MR systems because of risks associated with magnet-related movements. Obviously, additional MR safety issues must also be considered for these implants.
Bacterivory by sestonic protists in a southeastern blackwater river

As part of a study examining the trophic base of secondary production in the Ogeechee River, Georgia, bacterial grazing by sestonic protists was measured directly with fluorescently labeled bacteria. For the period April 1988 through September 1989, flagellates and ciliates ingested an average of 18.6 (range, 1.7-43) and 314 (range, 25-1,140) bacteria individuall’ h-‘. These grazing rates are comparable to those of protists in marine and lentic habitats. When combined with bacterial and protist densities in the river, an average of 15.6% (range, 0.2-590/o) of the water column was cleared by protists per day. On the basis of literature values of microbial C content and assimilation efficiencies, this percentage translates to a production rate of 11.7 fig C liter-’ d-l. Protist bacterivory can facilitate carbon flow to higher trophic levels by turning bacteria into larger parcels of carbon and nutrients that are then available to a greater portion of the filter-feeding community. The microbial loop in this lotic system differs from pelagic systems; bacteria are derived from external sources, and bacteria and protists are directly consumed by macroinvertebrates.
Investigation into the Functional Mobility Difference between Obese and Non-Obese Elderly:

Obese aging population is increasing in the United States, and obese elderly experience fall twice as frequent as their lean counterparts. However, the mechanisms of older obese adults fall are still not clear. It is not known whether the obese elderly has more functional mobility impairments than their lean counterparts, and consequently have increased risks of falls. It was hypothesized that obese elderly have more functional mobility impairments compared with their healthy weight counterparts. Six lean and six obese community-dwelling elderly participated in the study. “Timed up & go” test was used to quantify the functional mobility for both lean and obese elderly. Stopwatch and custom-made inertial measurement units were used to obtain the temporal and kinematic parameters. The results showed that there is no significant difference in overall time to complete the “timed up & go” task, but significant difference in anterior posterior acceleration, time to reach the peak extension angular velocity from...
Fluid-elastic instabilities of liquid-lined flexible tubes

The dynamics of a thin film of Newtonian fluid coating the inner surface of an elastic circular tube is analysed. This problem is motivated by an interest in the closure of small airways of the lungs either by formation of a liquid bridge, the collapse of the airway wall or a combination of both processes. Liquid bridge formation is due to the destabilization of the liquid film that coats the inner surface of airways, while wall collapse can be due to either the high surface tension of the air–liquid interface or the flexibility of the wall.Nonlinear evolution equations for the film thickness and wall position are derived using lubrication theory, but an accurate representation of the curvatures of both the liquid and wall interfaces is employed which is valid for thick films. These approximations allow closure to be predicted. In addition, these approximations are justified by comparison with rigid-wall results obtained by solving the full Navier–Stokes equations and because fluid inertia only becomes important in the very late stages of closure. The linear stability of these equations is examined using normal-mode analysis for infinitesimal disturbances and the nonlinear stability is investigated by solving the governing equations numerically using the method of lines. Solutions show that there is a critical film thickness, strongly dependent on fluid and wall properties, above which unstable waves grow to form liquid bridges. The critical film thickness decreases with increasing surface tension or wall compliance since waves grow faster. Even for relatively stiff airways, the volume of fluid in the liquid lining required for closure can be approximately 70% of the volume for the rigid-tube case. Wall damping is an important effect only when the airway is sufficiently compliant. Airway closure occurs more rapidly with increasing unperturbed film thickness, surface tension and wall flexibility and decreasing wall damping.
Social, Physical, and Computational Tradeoffs in Collaborative Multi-agent Territory Exploration Tasks

The performance of embodied multi-agent systems depends, in addition to the agent architectures of the employed agents, on their physical characteristics (e.g., sensory range, speed, etc.) and group properties (e.g., number of agents, types of agents, etc.). Consequently, it is difficult to evaluate the performance of a multi-agent system based on the performance of an agent architecture alone, even in homogeneous teams. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing the performance of multi-agent systems based on the notion of "performance-cost-tradeoff," which attempts to determine the relations among different cost-dimensions by performing a performance sampling of these dimensions and comparing them relative to their associated costs. Specifically, we investigate the performance-cost tradeoffs of four candidate architectures for a multi-agent territory exploration task in which a group of agents is required to visit a set of checkpoints randomly placed in an environment in the shortest time possible. Performance tradeoffs between three dimensions (sensory range, group size, and prediction) are then used to illustrate the cost-benefit analyses performed to determine the best agent configurations for different practical settings.
Single-Crystal Multifrequency EPR Evidence for a Quasi-Low-Dimensional Spin Exchange in 3-n-Butyl-2,4,6-Triphenylverdazyl

Verdazyls, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-s-tetrazin-1-(2H-yls), are a series of stable organic free radicals some of which in solid form exhibit ferromagnetism and spin-Peierls transitions. Molecular mechanisms responsible for these properties remain somewhat unclear. This study reports on the growth of single crystals of several substituted verdazyls and multifrequency (1.4-94.3 GHz) EPR measurements on single crystals of 3-n-butyl2,4,6-triphenylverdazyl, a model compound in the series. The angular, temperature, and magnetic field dependence of the EPR line width and the temperature dependence of the g-factor anisotropy provide direct evidence of a pseudo-low-dimensional spin diffusion in the crystal lattice. Analysis of the EPR line width