cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The incidence of congestion and congestion tolls

Abstract In contrast with the enormous literature on efficiency aspects of congestion tolls, very little has appeared on their equity implications. Simulation is applied to a standard urban model to learn about the distributional aspects of an optimal toll, or the absence of one. Tolls are found to produce distributional changes which may overshadow their effects on allocative efficiency. In passing, the model is used to demonstrate that lagged supply adjustments to increases in the demand for suburban housing may be an effective, if second-best, alternative to congestion tolls.
Case–control prostate cancer screening studies should not exclude subjects with lower urinary tract symptoms

Abstract Objective Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)/digital rectal exam (DRE) screening for prostate cancer has become standard medical practice; however, its effectiveness in terms of reducing prostate cancer mortality remains undetermined. Case–control screening studies may help determine screening efficacy, though the proper disposition of symptomatic subjects is unclear. This paper presents a prostate cancer–specific methodological modification for analyzing symptomatic case–control screening subjects. Methods Prostate cancer detection studies and case–control studies of PSA/DRE screening were reviewed, and the results for symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects were compared. Results Most PSA/DRE detection studies have found that the prostate cancer detection rate among symptomatic patients is the same as or lower than that among asymptomatic patients. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), often referred to as early prostate cancer symptoms, occur more often in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a more commonly diagnosed, nonmalignant disease. Screened symptomatic subjects are usually removed from the “screened” category in case–control studies even though BPH-related symptoms do not confer increased prostate cancer risk and odds ratios do not change with inclusion of symptomatic subjects in the analysis. Conclusion Screened subjects with LUTS should remain in the “screened” category in case–control prostate cancer screening studies since these symptoms may not be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer or validity of the odds ratio.
On Coulomb energies, the anomalous isotope shift of nuclear radii, and core polarization by the neutron excess

Abstract Coulomb energy differences, obtained from isobaric analog states, were made the subject of a careful quantitative study in strings of isotopes with closed proton shells. The behavior of these energies with increasing neutron excess in Ca isotopes was found to differ qualitatively from that in the Ni or Sn isotopes. With measured values of charge radii, the Coulomb energy differences are used to deduce neutron radii and nuclear matter radii. It is concluded that the addition of f 7 2 neutrons in Ca does little to change the radius of the core of closed shells in 40Ca while the addition of neutrons in Ni and Sn polarizes the core appreciably. The trend in neutron and proton radii is similar in each of the three series of isotopes.
Articulatory analysis of foreign-accented speech using real-time MRI.

We present the first study of nonnative English speech using real‐time MRI analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the articulatory nature of “phonological transfer”—a speaker’s systematic use of sounds from their native language (L1) when they are speaking a foreign language (L2). When a non‐native speaker is prompted to produce a phoneme that does not exist in their L1, we hypothesize that their articulation of that phoneme will be colored by that of the “closest” phoneme in their L1’s set, possibly to the point of substitution. With data from three native German speakers and three reference native English speakers, we compare articulation of read phoneme targets well documented as “difficult” for German speakers of English (/w/ and /dh/) with their most common substitutions (/v/ and /d/, respectively). Tracking of vocal tract organs in the MRI images reveals that the acoustic variability in a foreign accent can indeed be ascribed to the subtle articulatory influence of these close substit...
Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the cloacae of salamanders (Amphibia: Caudata). VI. Ambystomatidae and Dicamptodontidae.

Histology of the cloacae of Rhyacotriton olympicus and representative species from the genera Ambystoma and Dicamptodon was examined by light microscopy. Females of Ambystoma possess sperm storage glands, the spermathecae, as well as ventral glands and dorsal glands, both of uncertain function. Females of Ambystoma examined from the subgenus Linguaelapsus differ from those in the subgenus Ambystoma by possessing more extensive ventral gland clusters and a shorter cloacal tube. Females of Dicamptodon possess spermathecae and ventral glands, but differ in cloacal conformation from females of Ambystoma and lack the dorsal glands. Females of R. olympicus possess more extensive epidermal lining in the cloaca than that found in females of Ambystoma and Dicamptodon, and the only glands present are spermathecae, which cluster around a tube in the dorsal roof. Males of Ambystoma, Dicamptodon, and R. olmpicus possess five types of cloacal glands (dorsal pelvic glands, lateral pelvic glands, anterior ventral glands, posterior ventral glands, and Kingsbury's glands) that function in spermatophore formation, and vent glands that may produce a courtship pheromone. In Ambystoma and Dicamptodon, vent glands secrete along the medial borders of the cloacal orifice. Males of A. opacum and A. talpodeum differ from males of other species examined from the two genera by possessing more extensive vent glands. Males of R. olympicus possess unique vent glands in which tubules secrete onto the surface of vent lobes lateral to the posterior end of the cloacal orifice, and distal ends of the glands pass anteriorly, superficial to the fascia enclosing the other cloacal glands. The results from analysis of cloacal anatomy support other data indicating that Ambystoma and Dicamptodon are sister groups, and that Rhyacotriton olympicus is not closely related to either of the other two genera and merits placement in a separate family. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Region specific sexually dimorphic intracellular responses after cocaine-induced conditioned place preference expression

Results: Among 12,349 HIV-positive individuals observed in BC between 1996 and 2010, 1811 (14.7%) accessed OST, and 1337 (10.8%) were eligible for our study. Subjects were 39% female, were of median age 35 (interquartile range: 29–41) at HAART eligibility, and had a median of 6.8 years (2.9–11.1) of follow-up. During OST, individuals spent a median 55% (20–84%) of the time on HAART, while out of OST individuals spent only 26% (7–56%) of the time on HAART. The unadjusted odds of HAART adherence during OST exposure were 2.27(95% confidence interval: 2.01–2.55), while the adjustedodds, estimatedwithin themarginal structuralmodel,was 1.95 (1.71, 2.23). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that access to OST doubles the odds of HAART adherence among opioid-dependent individuals with HIV. This study informs funding decisions for OST and strategies to increase HAART adherence. Financial support: NIH/NIDA grant no: R01-DA032551.
Does Public Service Motivation Mediate the Relationship between Goal Clarity and both Organizational Commitment and Extra-Role Behaviours?

AbstractResearch has not considered how goal clarity can affect work attitudes through public service motivation (PSM). As a result, a model was developed to examine the relationship between goal clarity, PSM, and two employee work attitudes and behaviours (i.e., organizational commitment and extra-role behaviours). Several important findings emerged from the model. First, goal clarity was positively associated with PSM. Second, goal clarity was positively associated with both organizational commitment and extra-role behaviours. Finally, PSM was found to partially mediate the relationship between goal clarity and both organizational commitment and extra-role behaviours. The implications these findings have for theory and practice are discussed.
Oxytocic Activity in Posterior Pituitary Glands of Male Rats Measured by Two Bioassays

SummaryOxytocic activity in posterior pituitary glands of male rats at 20, 40, 80, and 200 days of age was measured using two different bioassays. The first was an in vitro assay based on the log time response of a 2 mm3 mammary cube in exuding milk to the log dose of oxytocin between 10-1 and 10-9 IU. The second was an in vivo assay based on the ability of the guinea pig mammary gland to increase intramammary pressure rectilinearly in the range of 0.25 to 1.0 mU of oxytocin. Oxytocic activities of posterior pituitaries by the in vitro assay were 9.1, 78.6, 150.2, and 147.9 mU at 20, 40, 80, and 200 days of age, respectively; while the in vivo assay gave values of 18.2, 96.7, 195.3, and 484.5 mU in the same order. Only the values obtained in 200-day-old rats were significantly different between the two assays (p<.05).
A LOOK AT THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL AS A TOOL TO ASSIST FACULTY TEACHING EVALUATIONS

The evaluation of the effectiveness of faculty teaching is a difficult process. This paper presents the results of an experimental empirical investigation into the possibility of using a psycho-linguistic measurement technique, the Semantic Differential, to measure faculty communication of terminology to students. This measurement could be used to supplement other teaching evaluation devices. The paper determines a set of “key concepts,” derives a set of S.D. meanings from a Faculty to act as a standard, and measures student meanings at the beginning and end of an introductory course. These sets of meanings are then compared.
Dynamics of 7-azatryptophan derivatives in micellar media. Elucidating the interactions between peptide oligomers and micelles

We have investigated the motional and population relaxation dynamics of the nonnatural amino acid 7-azatryptophan (7AT) in free (zwitterionic) form and bonded to polyvaline oligomers in aqueous mic...
Adaptability of the pulmonary system to changing metabolic requirements

Abstract The conventional view of the healthy pulmonary system during exercise is of a very precise and mechanically efficient homeostatic regulator of ventilation and gas exchange occurring within the reserves of a near Ideal architecture of the lung and chest wall. These regulatory and architectural limits may be exceeded in the healthy pulmonary system when extremely high levels of metabolic demand are needed. For example, arterial hypoxemia will often occur at exercise intensities demanding >25 liter/min cardiac output. This may be due to inadequate red cell transit time in the pulmonary capillary bed whose blood volume has been maximally recrusted, thereby resulting in alveolar-end-capillary oxygen disequilibrium. At these extreme levels of exercise the hyperventilatory response may be minimal (and clearly inadequate in terms of alveolar oxygenation) despite substantial and progressive metabolic acidosis or hypoxemia or both. This evidence of compromised ventilatory response and inadequate gas exchange in the highly fit human suggests that the pulmonary system, may not be reasonably designed or adaptable (with long-term physical training) to the extreme demands imposed on gas transport by a truly adapted cardiovascular system.
A Basic Accounting of Variation in Municipal Solid-Waste Generation at the County Level in Texas, 2006: Groundwork for Applying Metabolic-Rift Theory to Waste Generation

Environmental social scientists debate whether or not modern development reduces society's impact on the biosphere. The empirical research informing the discussion has not yet adequately examined the social determinants of municipal solid-waste (MSW) generation, an increasingly relevant issue, both ecologically and sociologically. A primary problem for this research concerns the increasing exchange of MSW across state and county borders. A convenient way to avoid this problem is to examine variation between counties with landfills that service only the county in which the landfills are located. I applied this restriction to a cross-sectional analysis of total MSW generated in Texas at the county level for 2006. Using robust regression, this study found that two basic measures of modern development, population per square mile and per capita income, are both positively related to total MSW generated at the county level and together explain about 73 percent of the variation in the dependent variable. The evidence corroborates the metabolic-rift theory. The concentration of people onto smaller land areas, or urbanization, and increasing wealth in a capitalist economy contribute to the metabolic rupture between human society and the environment.
Contributions of wood ash magnetism to archaeomagnetic properties of fire pits and hearths

Magnetic studies were conducted on a variety of plant ash and ash material from fire pits to investigate the possible contribution of ash to the magnetic signature of hearths. The measurements included magnetic susceptibility, remanence acquisition to saturation (SIRM), alternating field demagnetization of SIRM and remanent coercivity (Brc). We conclude from these studies that wood ash produces fine-grained magnetic iron oxides. These oxides are probably magnetic that is concentrated enough to add to the magnetic signature of hearths and fire pits. At one site (Ellicottville, New York), the ash layer exhibits a magnetic susceptibility that is 22 times greater than a control soil sample from the site. We attribute this large enhancement to repeated burns at the site which continued to add ferromagnetic material to the fire pit. The source of the magnetic material is probably phytoferritin from plants. The variation in the intensity of magnetic anomalies over ancient hearths and fire pits may in part be caused by the magnetic contribution from ash.
The range of life in amber: significance and implications in DNA studies.

A survey of the major fossiliferous amber deposits is provided, including ages and various categories of life forms reported from each. The frequence of occurrence of the major groups of plants and animals in these amber deposits is also given. Thus far, DNA from four insect and one plant species has been extracted from amber fossils. In the case of the stingless bee in Dominican amber, evidence of reproducibility is provided, since two independent laboratories isolated DNA from six or more different specimens of the same insect.
Reversible mechanosensitive ion pumping as a part of mechanoelectrical transduction

To explain the ability of some mechanosensitive cells to reverse the process of mechanotransduction and to generate mechanical oscillations and emit sound, a piezo-conformational coupling model (PCC model) is proposed. The model includes a transport protein which changes either its volume (PV-coupling) or its area in the membrane (gamma A-coupling) when undergoing conformational transitions. Such a protein can interact with an oscillating pressure to pump ions and create a transmembrane gradient if the affinities of the protein for ions are different at the two sides of membrane. The frequency and concentration windows for mechanical energy transduction were determined. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of energy transduction can approach the theoretical maximum of 100%. If the concentration gradient exceeds the static head value (quasi-equilibrium which can be built up and maintained by this transport system), the energy transduction reverses and the transporter becomes a generator of mechanical oscillations at the expense of a concentration gradient. Estimation of thermodynamic parameters of the pump shows that the PV-coupling model would require large pressure oscillations to work while the gamma A-coupling model could work in physiological conditions. The gamma A-coupling mechanism may be used by cells for two purposes. In the reverse mode, it can be a force generator for various applications. In the direct mode, it may serve bioenergetic purposes by harvesting the energy of mechanical oscillations and storing it in the form of a concentration gradient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Confusion-based fusion of classifiers

Given a finite collection of classifiers trained on two-class data one wishes to fuse the classifiers to form a new classifier with improved performance. Typically, the fusion is done at the output level using logical ANDs and ORs. The proposed fusion is based on the location of the feature vector with respect to the expertise sets and confusion sets of the classifiers. Given a feature vector x, if any one of the classifiers is an expert on x then the fusion rule should be an OR. If the classifiers are confused at x then the fusion rule should be defined is such a way to reflect this confusion or uncertainty. We give this fusion rule that is based upon the confusion sets as well as the expertise sets. We believe that this fusion rule will produce classifiers that perform better than classifiers that resulted from other fusion rules.
Ky Fan's N -matrices and linear complementarity problems

We consider the linear complementarity problem (LCP),w=Az + q, w⩾0,z⩾0,w T z=0, when all the off-diagonal entries ofA are nonpositive (the class of Z-matrices), all the proper principal minors ofA are positive and the determinant ofA is negative (the class of almost P-matrices). We shall call this the class of F-matrices. We show that ifA is a Z-matrix, thenA is an F-matrix if and only if LCP(q, A) has exactly two solutions for anyq⩾0,q≠0, and has at most two solutions for any otherq.
The elongation of medium chain trienoic acids to α-linolenic acid by a spinach chloroplast stroma system☆

Abstract An enzyme system present in the stromal fraction of spinach chloroplasts specifically elongated medium chain trienoic fatty acids to α-linolenic acid with either acetyl or malonyl CoA. Medium chain and long chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as well as α-linolenic acid were ineffective substrates for elongation. These results fulfill an essential requirement for the proposed two pathway systems for polyunsaturation in plants.
“ECM”: Its nature, origin and function in cell aggregation☆

Abstract Evidence is presented to show that a viscous material referred to elsewhere as “ECM”, reportedly elaborated in vitro by aggregating embryonic cells and suggested to possess a variety of functions in the processes of cell aggregation and tissue reconstruction, is in reality a highly hydrated deoxyribonucleoprotein gel. The gel appears to be formed by the chromosomes of ruptured cells as a result of the enzymatic removal of a portion of the chromosomal protein by the trypsin employed for tissue dissociation. It originates in greatest part, in the material studied, from the broken cells at the cut surfaces of the tissue fragments, and it appears to form complexes with a variety of macromolecular materials present in cell suspensions or culture media. Cells aggregate normally in its total absence, by processes, it is assumed, involving intimate contact of the cell surfaces themselves. The possible role of cell products in promoting cell aggregation in vitro is discussed.
Role of the conserved C‐repeat region of the M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes

Summary The surface-located M protein functions to protect Streptococcus pyogenes (the group A streptococcus) from phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It has been suggested that this protection results from the ability of M protein to bind factor H, a serum protein that can inhibit the activation of complement. Among different serological variants of M protein, the C-repeat domain is highly conserved and is exposed on the bacterial surface. This domain has been implicated in binding to complement factor H and in M-protein-mediated adherence of streptococci to human keratinocytes in the cutaneous epithelium. In this study, we constructed an S. pyogenes mutant strain which expresses an M6 protein from which the entire C-repeat domain was deleted. As predicted, this mutant did not adhere well to human keratinocytes and was unable to bind to factor H. Unexpectedly, the mutant was able to survive and multiply in human blood. Therefore, while the binding of factor H and the facilitation of adherence to keratinocytes appear to involve recognition of the C-repeat domain, a region of the M-protein molecule distinct from the C-repeat domain confers upon S. pyogenes its ability to resist phagocytosis.
An alternative method to estimate income variance in cross-sectional data

A popular approach to estimating income variance in cross-sectional data is to use an aggregate method by categorizing sample observations into arbitrarily formed groups, taking into account some socio-economic attributes. This study proposes an alternative technique that can be used to estimate income variance from cross-sectional data. Results indicate that this multiplicative heteroskedastic feasible least squares estimation procedure is consistent and efficient, consumes less time and requires less manipulation of data.
Lights, Camera, Conflict: Newspaper Framing of the 2008 Screen Actors Guild Negotiations

This study examines coverage of the 2008-2009 negotiations between the Screen Actors Guild and the Alliance for Motion Picture and Television Producers, through 148 articles published in the Hollywood Reporter, the Los Angeles Times, and the New York Times. News coverage tended to focus on actions, strategies, and procedures; unions’ actions against management, rather than management’s actions against unions; intra- and inter-union conflict rather than conflict within management; and economic consequences only in a broad sense.
Structure and stability of SiB n + AND CB n + (n = 1-4)

The structures and binding energies of small boron-rich clusters are studied using correlated wave functions and polarization basis sets. Carbon is the central atom in CB+n, while SiB+n prefers planar boron networks with silicon as one of the edge atoms. These ground state structures can be explained by differences in the electronegativities of the component elements. The various fragmentation channels of SiB+n are also examined using binding energy differences.
Estimating Atmospheric Attenuation in Central Receiver Systems

Atmospheric attenuation loss between a heliostat field and receiver has been recognized as a significant source of loss in Central Receiver System. Methods that can improve estimation of attenuation loss using available measurements will be useful in reducing uncertainty in estimation of CSP plant production, particularly in locations and climates that differ in atmospheric composition from typical arid desert locations. In clear sky situations, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is primarily impacted by aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols extinct direct radiation with the photons either being absorbed or scattered based on the aerosols optical characteristics. As aerosol loading is high close to the surface, the attenuation loss between heliostat and receivers is significantly influenced by amount of aerosols present on a particular day. The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of aerosols on attenuation loss and model this loss as a function of the ratio of measured DNI to a calculated DNI for an “aerosol-free” atmosphere. The assumption here is that the reduction in clear sky DNI due to aerosols when compared to a theoretical “clean environment” value can provide valuable information about aerosol loading at the surface and therefore attenuation loss between heliostat and receiver. Preliminary analysis shows that such an approach is viable.Historically, human observers have measured visibility on a daily basis. While these observations are subject to varying levels of uncertainty they may be a good indicator of atmospheric attenuation between heliostat and receiver. In this paper we will review historical and recent publications to show how visibility observations contain useful information for estimating attenuation loss in central receiver systems. We will also present a simple relationship that uses visibility observations to estimate heliostat to receiver attenuation for varying separation distances.© 2012 ASME
Sudden infant death syndrome: abnormalities in short term fluctuations in heart rate and respiratory activity.

Summary: In order to test the hypothesis that a defect in cardiorespiratory regulation contributes to death of infants from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we analyzed the power spectra of heart rate and respiratory activity during 256-sec epochs of quiet sleep. Data were obtained from pneumogram recordings performed for 12 h at night on eight infants who subsequently died from SIDS and 22 age-matched control infants. We computed the heart rate and respiratory power spectra from a single epoch on each infant using an algorithm developed for an 8085 microprocessor system dedicated to this investigation. There was no statistically significant difference between SIDS and controls based on mean respiratory and heart rates. Spectral analysis revealed enhancement of low frequency power in the 0.02 to 0.1 Hz band in the heart rate power spectrum in the SIDS group compared to control (p < 0.002) and dispersion in respiratory frequency as determined by the respiratory band width (p < 0.00001). These data suggest that a predisposition to SIDS manifests itself in an abnormal pattern of fluctuations in heart rate and respiratory activity.
Analyzing Municipal Blockage Failure Datasets for Sewer Systems

The objective of this research is to analyze historical records of random nonmechanistic failures in civil infrastructure systems. In this paper, we particularly focus on blockage failures in sewer systems that result from combination of external factors, such as variations in usage loads, construction quality and soil characteristics. The study uses historical blockage failure records maintained by municipalities. However, such datasets often tend to be incomplete and/or not representative of failure patterns. We discuss the application of statistical tests – specifically the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test and Anderson-Darling (AD) goodness-of-fit test – to estimate (i) if the datasets are complete and representative enough, and (ii) estimate parameters of distributions that appropriately characterize failure event arrival pattern. A dataset consisting of sewer blockage failures for ten years from a small municipality in the State of Michigan was used. The methods discussed in this paper can be used to implement reliability models of other related infrastructure systems as well.
A Method for Estimating the Computational Requirements of DSMC Simulations

This paper presents a model for predicting the runtime and storage requirements for direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations of rarefied gas flow. A variety of flow configurations are considered, including internal, external, steady, and unsteady. The analysis is independent of the simulation architecture, gridding technique, collision model, and implementation technique. The model is validated and constants of the model determined for simple test cases. The model is then used to predict the requirements of a realistic three-dimensional simulation, and the results are shown to agree with experiments. Additional predictions define the boundaries of simulations that are feasible with existing computational resources.
Perfluoroalkyl-Substituted Triazapentadienes and Their Metal Complexes

Triazapentadienides, C3F7−C(NR)−NC(NHR)−C3F7, result from the reaction of primary amines RNH2 with the fluorinated imine C3F7−CFN−C4F9. The aniline derivative (R = Ph) is a weak monoprotic acid in dmso. Its conjugate base exhibits an extensive coordination chemistry. It acts as a bidentate ligand toward the molecular fragments Pd(C3H5), Rh(c-C8H12), Ir(c-C8H12), and Rh(CO)2. The chelates [C3F7−C(NPh)−N−C(NPh)−C3F7]2M, M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pd, were prepared. In the crystallographically characterized Co complex, the metal is 3d7, S = 3/2 and tetrahedrally coordinated. Spin densities at carbon in the C6H5 and C3F7 groups were estimated from the 1H and 19F contact shifts. Spin delocalization onto phenyl sp2 carbons is ∼10 times greater than onto the fluorinated sp3 carbons.
The impact of health plan physician-tiering on access to care.

BACKGROUND In an attempt to improve quality and control costs, health plans are creating tiered products that encourage enrollees to seek care from “high-value” physicians. However, tiered products may limit access to care because patients may have to travel unreasonable distances to visit the nearest high-value physician.
A world-wide standard traction motor for diesel-electric locomotives

Dieselization of steam railroads abroad has recently been proceeding at a greatly accelerated pace. This has served to fix attention on the need for a motor suitable for general freight and passenger service on track gauges down to 1 meter, and with axle loads limited to 44,000 pounds per axle. A motor designed for such applications was placed in production last year. Its characteristics give a locomotive performance, within these limitations, comparable to that of many domestic units. Surveys indicate that this covers the needs of a great majority of narrow-gauge operations.
Combining Cardiac, Diabetic and Regular Diets into One Patient Menu

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe the action steps for consolidating three diets, cardiac, diabetic and coronary into one patient menu. To demonstrate healthful nutrition recommendations, the nutrition department of a 450 bed acute care facility combined the separate cardiac, diabetic and regular patient diets to form one menu. Patient satisfaction, cost savings, capability of production, medical staff and hospital staff response were identified as areas of concern. During a six month planning process, guidelines for the patient menu were determined, nutrient analysis of each recipe was completed, recipe testing was conducted and menus were written based on the outcomes of the combined tests. Production and ordering functions were completed. Hospital and medical staff were educated on the rationale of the new menu. The kitchen supervisors and staff were, and continue to be trained in new cooking methods. When the new menus were implemented, patient surveys were done for each meal during the initial week of production and later these surveys were repeated. Survey results revealed that 18 out of 21 meals met the goal of 85% patient satisfaction. Physician reaction has been positive while hospital staff response has been varied. Based on patient and physician response, this project was determined to be successful. Continuous quality improvement is in use and targets: increased "comfort" foods on the menu, continued marketing of the menus to patients, continued education of the hospital staff and improved systematic tracking of satisfaction levels and financial data.
Maintenance and Replication of the Human Cytomegalovirus Genome during Latency

Summary Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can establish latent infection in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) or CD14 (+) monocytes. While circularized viral genomes are observed during latency, how viral genomes persist or which viral factors contribute to genome maintenance and/or replication is unclear. Previously, we identified a HCMV cis -acting viral maintenance element (TR element) and showed that HCMV IE1 exon 4 mRNA is expressed in latently infected HPCs. We now show that a smaller IE1 protein species (IE1x4) is expressed in latently infected HPCs. IE1x4 protein expression is required for viral genome persistence and maintenance and replication of a TR element containing plasmid (pTR). Both IE1x4 and the cellular transcription factor Sp1 interact with the TR, and inhibition of Sp1 binding abrogates pTR amplification. Further, IE1x4 interacts with Topoisomerase IIβ (TOPOIIβ), whose activity is required for pTR amplification. These results identify a HCMV latency-specific factor that promotes viral chromosome maintenance and replication.
Deformation of polycrystalline Li2O

Abstract Constant-crosshead-speed compression of Li2O polycrystals has been performed at temperatures of 700–950°C with strain rates ranging from about 10−6-10−4s−1. For temperatures greater than 850°C, data suggest deformation rates are controlled by recovery via dislocation climb. For lower temperatures, impurity effects may alter the deformation mechanism. At 950°C, viscous creep occurs at low strain rates. For porosities ranging from about 7 to 21%, deformation is strongly dependent on porosity, but is virtually independent of grain size.
Properties of metallo-dielectric opals and metallic inverse opal photonic crystals

Colloidal silica spheres with 290 nm diameters were self-assembled with single crystal crystallites 4–5 mm wide and 10–15 mm long. Larger spheres with diameters between 1000 and 2300 nm were self-assembled with single crystal crystallites up to 1.5 mm wide and 2 mm long. The silica opals self-assembled vertically along the [100] direction of the face centered cubic lattice resulting in self-templated opals. Inverse opal photonic crystals with a partial band gap possessing a maximum in the near infrared at 3.8 μm were constructed from opal templates composed of 2300 nm diameter spheres with chalcogenide Ge33As12Se55 (AMTIR-1). Inverse gold photonic crystals were fabricated from synthetic opal templates composed of 290 nm silica spheres.
Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in protein kinase C-deficient PC12 cells

Abstract In order to study the role of protein kinase C in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in PC12 cells, the effects of various agonists on diacylglycyerol accumulation in PC12 cells were measured and the ability of these agonists to increase the phosphorylation tyrosine hydroxylase in protein kinase C-deficient cells was evaluated. Bradykinin (10 μM) and elevated extracellular K + (55 mM) increased the accumulation of [ 3 H]diacylglycerol in PC12 cells that had been prelabeled with [ 3 H]arachidonic acid, and so might be expected to activate protein kinase C in these cells; in contrast, nerve growth factor did not increase diacylglycerol accumulation in PC12 cells. Protein kinase C-deficient PC12 cells were prepared by incubating the cells for 24 h with 1 μM phorbol dibutyrate. This treatment resulted in the loss of approximately 90% of the protein kinase C activity in the cells. Control and protein kinase C-deficient cells were incubated with 32 P i for 90 min and then stimulated with various agonists. 32 P-labeled tyrosine hydroxylase was isolated from the cells by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to tryptic hydrolysis. 32 P-containing phosphopeptides were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer electrophoresis and chromatography, visualized by autoradiography, and quantitated by scintillation counting. Treatment of control cells with phorbol dibutyrate increased the incorporation of 32 P into one tryptic phosphopeptide (referred to as T3) in tyrosine hydroxylase. Phorbol dibutyrate did not increase the phosphorylation of this peptide in protein kinase C-deficient cells. Bradykinin or 55 mM K + increased the incorporation of 32 P into four tyrosine hydroxylase phosphopeptides, including peptide T3. The increase in incorporation of 32 P into peptide T3 elicited by these agents was selectively attenuated, but not abolished, in protein kinase C-deficient cells. Nerve growth factor also increased the incorporation of 32 P into tyrosine hydroxylase peptide T3 in PC12 cells. The effect of nerve growth factor was not decreased in protein kinase C-deficient cells. These results suggest that protein kinase C is responsible at least in part for the effects of bradykinin and elevated extracellular K + on tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation, but that this kinase does not play a role in the mechanism by which nerve growth factor increases the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase.
Crystal structure of di-μ-hydroxido-bis{[N,N'-bis-(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)pentane-2,4-diiminato(1-)]zinc}.

The title compound, [Zn2(C21H25N2)2(OH)2], is a binuclear zinc complex formed by two bidentate β-diketiminate (nacnac) ligands and two μ-hydroxide O atoms, bridging two mononuclear units into a centrosymmetric dimeric unit. Each Zn2+ cation is coordinated by two N-donor atoms from the nacnac ligand and two O-donor atoms of hydroxide anions to give a distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment. The Zn—O bond lengths are 1.9643 (13) and 2.0022 (14) A, and the two Zn—N bond lengths are 1.9696 (14) and 1.9823 (14) A. The distance between the two Zn2+ cations in the dimer is 2.9420 (4) A. Although hydroxide groups are present in the complex, no classical hydrogen-bonding inter­ations are observed because of the bulky β-diketiminate ligands.
The 16O(3H, p)18O(g.s.) reaction cross section with velocity-dependent potentials

Abstract The absolute value of the differential cross section of the 16 O( 3 H, p) 18 O(g.s.) reaction is determined using the DWBA method of Mathur and Rook. The nucleon-nucleon interactions are central velocity-dependent potentials of exponential form whilst the triton ground state is taken to contain S and S′ states only, whose spatial functions are of product form with short-range correlations. Our results are in good agreement with the hard-core calculations of Mathur and Rook and with experiment. We also obtain an independent evaluation of P S′ , the probability of the S′ state in the triton.
Establishment of a Cell-Type-Specific Genetic Network by the Mediator Complex Component Med1

The intense physiologic demand to generate vast numbers of red blood cells requires the establishment of a complex genetic network by the master regulatory transcription factor GATA-1 and its coregulators. This network dictates the genesis of enucleated erythrocytes by orchestrating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of progenitor cells. In addition to the crucial GATA-1 coregulator Friend of GATA-1 (FOG-1), a component of the Mediator complex, Med1, facilitates GATA-1-dependent transcription at select target genes and controls erythropoiesis. It is not known to what extent Med1 contributes to GATA-1 function or whether Med1 controls a large or restricted cohort of genes that are not regulated by GATA-1. Using a genetic complementation assay in GATA-1-null erythroid cells, we demonstrate that Med1 and another Mediator component, Med25, regulate a restricted cohort of genes that are predominantly not controlled by GATA-1. Most of these genes were not regulated by Med1 in fibroblasts. Loss-of-function analyses with GATA-1-independent Med1 target genes indicate that Rrad, which encodes a small GTPase induced during human erythropoiesis, conferred erythroid cell survival. Thus, while Med1 is a context-dependent GATA-1 coregulator, it also exerts specialized functions in erythroid cells to control GATA-1-independent, cell-type-specific genes, which include candidate regulators of erythroid cell development and function.
Delegation versus Veto in Organizational Games of Strategic Communication

In organizations, principals use decision rules to govern a more informed agent's behavior. We compare two such rules: delegation and veto. Recent work suggests that delegation dominates veto unless the divergence in preferences between the principal and the agent is so large that informative communication cannot take place. We show that this result does not hold in a reasonable model of veto versus delegation. In this model, veto dominates delegation for any feasible divergence in preferences, if it induces the agent to shut down low quality proposals that he would otherwise implement and if such projects have sufficient likelihood.
Interaction between grafted polymeric brushes: A molecular-dynamics study.

We present a molecular-dynamics study of a system of end-grafted polymers between parallel surfaces. We find that the forces between the surfaces as a function of their separation can be described both by scaling and self-consistent field theories and agree with the experiments of Taunton et al. We quantify the amount of interpenetration of the two brushes and describe it with a simple scaling form. Overall monomer density profiles as well as the contribution from each brush are also presented.
Myosin and myosin phosphorylation in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells

Myosin was isolated from extracts of a clonal cell line of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration. This myosin consisted of heavy chains and two light chains (20 and 17 kDa). The 20 kDa light chain could be phosphorylated by a protein kinase which was also present in the extracts and which eluted after myosin from the gel filtration column. Myosin phosphorylation was partly inhibited by EGTA and by the calmodulin-inhibiting drug trifluoperazine. The Mg2+ -ATPase of phosphorylated myosin, but not of unphosphorylated myosin, was activated by skeletal muscle actin. Ca2+ did not affect the Mg2+ -ATPase activity of either myosin preparation at low ionic strength. The phosphorylation of myosin may activate a contractile mechanism controlling the Ca2+ -dependent secretion of norepinephrine from the cells.
Effects of experimental Salmonella dublin infection in cattle given Fasciola hepatica thirteen weeks previously

Abstract Salmonella dublin, in doses ranging from 106 to 109 organisms, was given intravenously to 30 young adult cattle, 18 of which had been infected 13 weeks previously with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. In fluke-free cattle 109 S. dublin proved lethal, while lower doses caused only transient pyrexia. In fluke-infected cattle 5 × 107 S. dublin was lethal in 3 out of 4 cases and survivors of this and lower doses excreted larger numbers of S. dublin in faeces more frequently and for a longer period than did fluke-free animals. Necropsy 26 weeks after infection with S. dublin revealed the tissues and body fluids of the fluke-free groups to be uninfected or only lightly infected, whereas those of the fluke-infected groups given 106 or 5 × 107 organisms were still heavily infected with S. dublin. Thus fascioliasis increased the susceptibility of cattle to the lethal effects of S. dublin and predisposed to development of the carrier state.
The Paradigm of the Science of Management: In Celebration of C. W. Churchman's 80th Birthday

I explore C. W. Churchman's philosophy of science to show his influence on the present-day paradigm of the science of management. I emphasize his seminal ideas concerning a the differentiation between the science of management and management science and b the resolution of dilemmas confronting the paradigm and discuss Churchman's ideas on how the modern inquiring system-a system dedicated to the acquisition and production of knowledge and to the ethical solution of contemporary management problems-should be designed.
Evidence for Δ− components in nuclei

Abstract Ratios of double-differential cross sections for incident 500-MeV pions are presented for ( π + , π + p) and ( π + , π − p) reactions on 12,13 C, 90 Zr, and 208 Pb. A comparison with intra-nuclear cascade-model calculations suggest that the outgoing pion spectra show a feature consistent with quasi-free scattering from the Δ − component of the nuclear ground state wave function.
Dynamical screening of the electron-optical phonon interaction in two dimensions

Abstract We have included dynamical screening in a calculation of the interaction of LO phonons with electrons in a quantum well. The average phonon emission rate is reduced by a factor of about 2 for an electron areal density of 5×1011/cm2 and temperature in the range of 50–100K. The 2-dimensional plasmon enhances the interaction over a small range of wavevectors, which increases the importance of hot phonon effects and should cause a further reduction in cooling rates.
Kinetic theory and rheology of bead‐rod models for macromolecular solutions. I. Equilibrium and steady flow properties

The behavior of macromolecules in solutions at rest and undergoing steady flow is considered. The Kramers' freely jointed bead‐rod model (the ``pearl‐necklace'' model) is used. It is shown that the distribution function for a random walk process is a good approximation to the true equilibrium distribution function for the pearl necklace as obtained by the methods of classical statistical mechanics. The rheological behavior in slow steady flow is solved exactly for the case of two links, and in an approximation for an arbitrary number of links. It is shown how the zero shear rate viscosity of the once‐broken rod model may be obtained by a minor modification of the case with two links. The behavior in large deformation rate elongational flow is investigated, including a comparison of rigid and flexible molecules, and an estimate of the elongation rates necessary to produce uncoiling of flexible macromolecules. It is finally shown that a bead‐rod model with a large number of links is approximated by a ``corresponding'' bead‐spring model.
Free vibrations of annular sector cantilever plates. Part 1: out-of-plane motion

Analysis of the free in-plane vibrations of a cantilevered annular sector plate is performed by means of a variational approximation procedure. The problem is treated by first obtaining the exact solution for waves in the plate satisfying the equations of plane stress including in-plane inertia with the inner and outer circumferential edges traction free. In this exact solution, new radial vector functions are obtained from a Frobenius type expansion. The solution results in a set of dispersion curves. A number of the resulting waves are used in what remains of the variational equation, in which all conditions occur as natural conditions. Roots of the resulting transcendental equation are calculated, which yield the eigensolutions and associated eigenfrequencies. The results are compared with results obtained using FEM, and good agreement is shown.
Invasive electrophysiologic evaluation in octogenarians: Is age a limiting factor?

To assess the indications, diagnostic yield, and incidence of complications of electrophysiologic testing in the elderly we reviewed our experience with 60 procedures in 45 patients aged > or = 80 years (range 80 to 92 years, mean age 83) undergoing full electrophysiologic evaluation in our laboratory over the past 7 years. The yield of inducible ventricular tachycardia (31%), supraventricular tachycardia (4%), and previously unsuspected conduction abnormalities significant enough to warrant permanent pacemaker implantation (9%), together with the low incidence of complications (1 patient had a deep venous thrombosis and femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, representing an incidence of 2.2% of patients undergoing studies or 3.3% incidence of complications per procedure), suggest that invasive electrophysiologic procedures in the elderly can provide useful information at a complication rate comparable with that of younger patients.