cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is compromised in CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ T lymphocyte subsets during aging

Recent reports from our laboratory have demonstrated that CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ T lymphocytes from the elderly are compromised in their response to activation-induced IL-2 receptor expression, IkappaB-alpha degradation, as well as nuclear translocation of NFkB. To understand the basis of this activation-induced dysfunction in the elderly, we have examined the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Our results demonstrate that both CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ T lymphocytes from the elderly show significant reduction in the constitutive 26S proteasome-associated chymotryptic activity, when compared to those in the young. Additionally, anti-CD3-CD28 treatment induced enhancement of proteasome-associated enzymatic activity in cells from the young, but not in cells from the elderly. Lowered proteasome-associated activity and its effect on reduced immune responses in the elderly could be mimicked by experiments which involved pretreatment of T cells from young donors with a proteasome specific inhibitor, lactacystin. These data demonstrate that IL-2 receptor induction is clearly compromised in T cells from the young when proteasomes are inhibited by pretreatment with lactacystin. An examination of ubiquitin specific hydrolase activity, demonstrated a decrease in activated CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cell subsets from the elderly when compared to young. These results suggest that lowered proteasome-associated enzymatic activity in combination with compromised de-ubiquitinating activity may be responsible for lowered activation-induced NFkB and NFkB-mediated gene expression in elderly subjects.
Qualitative and quantitative studies of the swimming behaviour of Hincksia irregularis (Phaeophyceae) spores: ecological implications and parameters for quantitative swimming assays

Abstract The capacity for motility is important for many micro-organisms, and also for macroalgal spores, because it can allow them to explore a physically and chemically heterogeneous environment and react to the perceived information by movement towards favourable conditions or away from hazardous conditions. The swimming behaviour of spores of the brown alga Hincksia irregularis was analysed using computer-assisted motion analysis. We distinguished five main swimming patterns: straight paths, search circles, orientation, gyration and wobbling. Different functions can be suggested for different swimming patterns in the context of spore settlement. Straight paths may be important in small-scale movements in the benthic boundary layer to locate suitable microenvironments. Gradients in chemical or physical parameters may be detected during search circles, and orientation should facilitate the detection of the structure of surfaces. Gyration occurs during the initial reversible phase of spore adhesion, whic...
Effect of end-diastolic volume on the canine left ventricular ejection fraction

Left ventricular ejection fraction is commonly used in the clinical assessment of ventricular function. However, the effect of changes in end-diastolic volume on ejection fraction is controversial. The present study examines the effect of changes in end-diastolic volume on ejection fraction in 26 anesthetized dogs on right heart bypass with controlled hemodynamics. At the end of each experiment, pressure-volume relationships were obtained in the potassium arrested heart following suturing of the mitral valve leaflets and clamping of the aortic root. This technique allowed determination of the end-diastolic volume from the end-diastolic pressure. Ejection fraction is highly dependent on end-diastolic volume and end-diastolic pressure at lower levels of end-diastolic volume and end-diastolic pressure. Ejection fraction increased from 30 +/- 1% (SEM) to 64 +/- 2% (p less than 0.001) when end-diastolic pressure was increased from 4 +/- 0.5 to 11 +/- 0.5 cm H2O. The corresponding end-diastolic volumes were 22 +/- 0.5 and 38 +/- 1 ml, respectively (p less than 0.01). Ejection fraction only increased from 64 +/- 2% to 71 +/- 1% (p less than 0.01) when end-diastolic pressure was increased from 11 +/- 0.5 to 18 +/- 1 cm H2O. The corresponding end-diastolic volumes were 38 +/- 1 and 50 +/- 1 ml (p less than 0.01), respectively. This dependence of ejection fraction on preload is present over a wide range of levels of aortic pressure. Similar directional changes in ejection fraction with preload were present after an adequate autonomic blockade, in the presence of either increased or decreased inotropic state and in the presence of an open or closed pericardium. Thus, the present study demonstrates that ejection fraction can be substantially altered by acute changes in end-diastolic volume. This factor should be taken into account when using ejection fraction for the clinical assessment of ventricular function.
Scandals, Media, and Citizenship in Contemporary Argentina:

This article examines several scandals in 1990s Argentina to discuss the linkages between scandals, media, and citizenship. Suggesting that media publicity is central for scandals to unfold, the article examines a particular arms scandal. An institutional approach that considers the role of different political actors in different scandals shows how and why the media and other institutions contributed to the making and unmaking of scandals. Although scandals offer opportunities for “doing politics by other means,” not all actors are similarly involved. Scandals that dealt with official corruption mainly featured political elites, whereas scandals that followed revelations about human rights violations showed a different pattern: public outrage and citizens’mobilization. In a political context of “scandal fatigue,” scandals do not necessarily trigger public action or moral crusades. Only those scandals that directly affected groups of citizens and were not simply causes d’etat were followed by public demons...
The influence of oxygen and high-energy phosphate diffusion on metabolic scaling in three species of tail-flipping crustaceans

We examined the influence of intracellular diffusion of O(2) and high-energy phosphate (HEP) molecules on the scaling with body mass of the post-exercise whole-animal rate of O(2) consumption (V(O(2))) and muscle arginine phosphate (AP) resynthesis rate, as well as muscle citrate synthase (CS) activity, in three groups of tail-flipping crustaceans. Two size classes in each of three taxa (Palaemonetes pugio, Penaeus spp. and Panulirus argus) were examined that together encompassed a 27,000-fold range in mean body mass. In all species, muscle fiber size increased with body mass and ranged in diameter from 70+/-1.5 to 210+/-8.8 microm. Thus, intracellular diffusive path lengths for O(2) and HEP molecules were greater in larger animals. The body mass scaling exponent, b, for post-tail flipping V(O(2)) (b=-0.21) was not similar to that for the initial rate of AP resynthesis (b=-0.12), which in turn was different from that of CS activity (b=0.09). We developed a mathematical reaction-diffusion model that allowed an examination of the influence of O(2) and HEP diffusion on the observed rate of aerobic flux in muscle. These analyses revealed that diffusion limitation was minimal under most conditions, suggesting that diffusion might act on the evolution of fiber design but usually does not directly limit aerobic flux. However, both within and between species, fibers were more diffusion limited as they grew larger, particularly when hemolymph P(O(2)) was low, which might explain some of the divergence in the scaling exponents of muscle aerobic capacity and muscle aerobic flux.
Relation between classical and quantum formulations of the Franck-Condon principle: The generalized r-centroid approximation

Abstract The classical transition point r v′v″ ∗ for the (v′, v″) band is introduced as the point where the kinetic energy does not change during the transition (classical statement of the Franck-Condon principle). It is shown that when the r-centroid approximation is valid, it implies that the r centroid r v′v″ equals r v′v″ ∗ , allowing a new connection to be made between the classical and quantum statements of the Franck-Condon principle. The r-centroid approximation fails for some classically allowed bands having large Franck-Condon factors. This occurs when the (v′, v″) band has more than one classical transition point. A generalization of the r-centroid approximation permits such bands to be used in determining the variation of the electronic transition moment with internuclear distance.
Prehistoric figurine styles as fashion: A case from formative central Mexico

Copyright © The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research 2015. Small, ceramic figurines used in household settings in Central Mexico during the first millennium bc were emphatically stylistic. Attributes cooperated to direct the viewer's attention to the style of the figurine, to how the figurine was made, and to the choices of makers and users from a range of alternative ways of making. This article draws on studies of modern fashion to develop a social interpretation of these patterns based on two collections of figurines, one from the Basin of Mexico and the other from Tlaxcala. The history of Formative figurine fashions is considered at multiple scales.
Childhood trauma, poverty, and adult victimization.

Trauma exposure and revictimization have many serious personal and public health consequences. Both individual-level and community-level factors impact a person’s risk of being victimized, and there are currently few studies examining both individual and community levels of analysis in the same study. The current study employs multilevel modeling to examine how community-level poverty interacts with individuals’ trauma histories and dissociative symptoms to predict later victimization. In this study, a cross-level interaction was observed such that the relationship between childhood and adult victimization is stronger in communities with higher poverty rates. The importance of examining revictimization as a multifactorial process is discussed.
Early development of the Drosophila brain: V. Pattern of postembryonic neuronal lineages expressing DE-cadherin.

The Drosophila E-cadherin homolog, DE-cadherin, is expressed postembryonically by brain neuroblasts and their lineages of neurons ("secondary lineages"). DE-cadherin appears in neuroblasts as soon as they can be identified by their increase in size and then remains expressed uninterruptedly throughout larval life. DE-cadherin remains transiently expressed in the cell bodies and axons of neurons produced by neuroblast proliferation. In general, axons of neurons belonging to one lineage form tight bundles. The trajectories of these bundles are correlated with the location of the neuronal lineages to which they belong. Thus, axon bundles of lineages that are neighbors in the cortex travel parallel to each other and reach the neuropile at similar positions. It is, therefore, possible to assign coherent groups of neuroblasts and their lineages to the individual neuropile compartments and long axon tracts introduced in the accompanying articles (Nassif et al. [2003] J Comp Neurol 455:417-434; Younossi-Hartenstein et al. [2003] J Comp Neurol 455:435-450). In this study, we have reconstructed the pattern of secondary lineages and their projection in relationship to the compartments and Fasciclin II-positive long axon tracts. Based on topology and axonal trajectory, the lineages of the central brain can be subdivided into 11 groups that can be followed throughout successive larval stages. The map of larval lineages and their axonal projection will be important for future studies on postembryonic neurogenesis in Drosophila. It also lays a groundwork for investigating the role of DE-cadherin in larval brain development.
Bodily Differences and Collective Identities: the Politics of Gender and Race in Biomedical Research in the United States:

As a consequence of recent changes, health research policies in the United States mandate the inclusion of women and members of racial and ethnic minority groups as experimental subjects in biomedical research. This article analyzes debates that underlie these policies and that concern the medical management of bodies, groups, identities and differences. Much of the uncertainty surrounding these new policies reflects the fact that researchers, physicians, policy makers and health advocates have adopted competing, and often murky, understandings of the nature of sex, gender, racial and ethnic differences, and of the relation of the biological to the social in the manifestation of bodily illness.
Results of probabilistic fracture mechanics analyses for pressurized thermal shock transients in the reactor pressure vessel of BIBLIS-B

Abstract Probabilistic fracture mechanics investigations of the contribution of pressurized thermal shock transients to reactor pressure vessel failure probability of the reference plant for the German reactor safety study phase B, BIBLIS-B, are presented. The applied methods and the calculation model are discussed. The most important result of parametric analyses is that the postulated flaw distribution in the vessel has a dominant influence on the calculated conditional failure probability. With regard to the transient behavior the results show, that the temperature drop induced by the thermal shock has great influence on the conditional failure probability, whereas the decay rate of the temperature change has minor influence.
Assembly and Electrical Characterization of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Interconnects

We demonstrate a general method to assemble and contact arrays of individual multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) interconnects between electrodes in one batch. We have also collected about 200 resistance measurements to compare four different contact metals: Al, Au, Ti, and Pd. We have also measured the radio frequency characteristics of the assembled MWCNTs up to 15 GHz. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis has been used to correlate the electrical and physical characteristics of the MWCNTs.
Efficient OLAP operations for spatial data using peano trees

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is an important application of data warehouses. With more and more spatial data being collected, such as remotely sensed images, geographical information, digital sky survey data, efficient OLAP for spatial data is in great demand. In this paper, we build up a new data warehouse structure -- PD-cube, With PD-cube, OLAP operations and queries can be efficiently implemented. All these are accomplished based on the fast logical operations of Peano Trees (P-Trees*). One of the P-tree variations, Predicate P-tree, is used to efficiently reduce data accesses by filtering out "bit holes" consisting of consecutive 0's. Experiments show that OLAP operations can be executed much faster than with traditional OLAP methods.
Secondary prevention of eating disorders in college women at risk

Abstract Although a large percentage of college women are thought to be at risk to develop eating disorders, surprisingly few prevention programs directed toward such students have been reported. In this study, 10 women who identified themselves to be at risk to develop an eating disorder participated in an 8-week prevention program; 9 others served as the no-treatment control group. The curriculum for the prevention program focused primarily on the exploration of cultural ideals of thinness, education about nutrition and the development of healthy eating behaviors, and the identification of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about shape and weight. Data from questionnaires obtained before and after the prevention program revealed that the participants made positive changes with respect to body image concerns and the importance of appearance; no changes were observed in the control group. The results are discussed in the context of how and where to best direct prevention efforts on college campuses.
Sensitivity of cultured embryonic heart cells to cardiotoxin obtained from Naja naja siamensis venom.

Abstract Clumps of embryonic chick heart cells in culture were exposed to cardiotoxin prepared by Sephadex CM-50 fractionation from snake (Naja naja siamensis) venom. Cardiotoxin irreversibly depolarized these cells. More of the cells cultured from 4-day embryos, than from 12–13-day embryos, continued to beat spontaneously after 30 min exposure to the toxin at a concentration of 15–20 μg per ml.
The protective influence of the locus ceruleus on the blood-brain barrier

The functions of the putative noradrenergic innervation of cerebral microvessels from the nucleus locus ceruleus remain ambiguous. Although most evidence indicates that such innervation does not have a major role in the control of cerebral blood flow, there are increasing indications that it modulates transport and permeability functions of the blood-brain barrier. In this study we investigated the effect of unilateral chemical lesioning of the locus ceruleus on the leakage of radioiodinated human serum albumin across the blood-brain barrier. Experiments were performed in awake and restrained rats under steady-state conditions and during drug-induced systemic arterial hypertension, and in anesthetized and paralyzed rats during bicuculline-induced seizures. Both hypertension and seizures are known to be associated with increased leakage of macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier. Albumin leakage into norepinephrine-depleted forebrain structures ipsilateral to the locus ceruleus lesion was compared with that of the contralateral side. There were no side-to-side differences in blood-brain barrier permeability to albumin under steady-state conditions, the stress of restraint, or angiotensin-induced hypertension, or after isoproterenol administration. Norepinephrine-induced hypertension and seizures, however, caused significant increases in albumin leakage into forebrain structures ipsilateral to the lesion. These results suggest that noradrenergic innervation of cerebral microvessels from the locus ceruleus helps preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier during pathophysiological states associated with hypertension and increased circulating catecholamines.
Myelin-associated glycoprotein, MAG, selectively binds several neuronal proteins.

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration and also, depending on the age and type of neuron, can promote axonal growth. In addition, MAG influences stability of both myelin and the axon in the intact, mature nervous system. The identity of the neuron/axonal MAG-binding receptor responsible for effecting these responses is not known. Here we show that a soluble, chimeric form of MAG, MAG-Fc, can bind to the neuronal cell body and neurites equally well, in a sialic acid-dependent manner. Importantly, MAG-Fc specifically precipitates a number of surface proteins from post-natal cerebellar, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and PC12 neurons. These proteins are not precipitated by a control Fc-containing chimera and are not apparent when a MAG antibody is included in the precipitation mix as a competitive inhibitor. Based on molecular weight, two prominent proteins of 190 and 250 kD are precipitated from all three neuron types. The 190 kD protein is a sialoglycoprotein, since it is not apparent in the precipitate from neurons which have been desialylated. Other proteins are precipitated but are less abundant and are different for each type of neuron. One or more of these proteins is/are likely to be the functional MAG receptor. J. Neurosci. Res. 56:213–218, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
State of Peril: Race and Rape in South African Literature

State of Peril suggests that narratives about sexual violence have been central to South African literature, and to the formation of ideas about race and nation, tracing a fascinating interrelated ...
Rats go with the (urine) flow

A new study describes the correction of a rat model for inherited diabetes insipidus by gene therapy in the central nervous system (pages 1402–1404).
The reconstruction of bordered- diagonal and Jacobi matrices from spectral data

Abstract Simple, new, direct methods are derived for constructing real, symmetric, bordered-diagonal and tridiagonal matrices from their eigenvalues and the eigenvalues of any one of their principal submatrices. A direct method is also presented for constructing, from its eigenvalues, a real tridiagonal matrix which is symmetric about both its main and secondary diagonals. The techniques described make use of special properties of positive, real, odd, rational functions which occur in electric circuit theory. Examples are given which demonstrate the various methods.
Roots of North Indian Shi'ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859

In this pioneering study of the Twelver Shi'i branch of Islam prevalent in Iraq and Iran, J. R. I. Cole traces the influence of Shi'i rule on the development of religious communalism and conflict in the North Indian State of Awadh (Oudh). He also examines the relationship of the Shi'i clergy to the state and the clerical reaction to British imperialism and capitalism. Based on research in rare manuscripts and in archives, the book reveals that the Shi'i clergy advocated policies that caused resentment among Sunnis and Hindus, thereby promoting religious communalism and setting the stage for modern communal conflict.The Shi'i learned men took government posts in support of Awadh's Shi'i nawabs and shahs; Awadh state support, in turn, helped transform Shi'ism from a persecuted "sect" to a dominant, if still minority, religious establishment. Sociologically, the book draws attention to the specific role of the state in defining "sect" and "church." It also argues the importance of class divisions within the Shi'i community, showing that the dominant clerical ideology was often not accepted by the laboring strata. Cole's study supports the view that Muslim communalism in Northern India had genuine historical roots and was not simply an elite strategy of modern Muslim politicians. Contrary to the arguments of some writers and to the image projected by Iran's current ayatullahs, he claims that most Shi'i clergy did not play a role of opposition to the state.
Calculation of the heat of growth of Escherichia coli K‐12 on succinic acid

Using data from the literature, a method is adopted for determining the empirical composition and the unit carbon formula for dried Escherichia coli K-12 cells by summing the quantities of C, H, O, N, P, and S in each of the major classes of macromolecular substances comprising the cellular biomass. With these data and the molar growth yield of cells on succinic acid, equations are written representing the anabolism and catabolism of E. coli K-12 on this quantity of substrate. The enthalpy change accompanying catabolism can be calculated directly using standard enthalpies of formation because there is no term representing cellular substance. The enthalpy change accompanying anabolism is calculated to be very small or zero using microcalorimetric and other data from which the enthalpy of formation of a unit quantity of living cellular substance can be obtained. This indicates that the net enthalpy change accompanying the growth process (anabolism plus catabolism) is the same as that calculated for catabolism alone, in agreement with the same conclusion by several investigators using direct microcalorimetry. The method described here of determining the unit carbon formula and the quantity of ash remaining after cellular combustion is compared to that conventionally used in which cellular P and S is considered either to be negligible or to be a part of the ash. It is concluded that equations representing anabolism and the growth process can be written more accurately using the presently described method, leading to more accurate thermodynamic calculations.
Disparate femenino: Seduction, Subversion, and Power

(2007). Disparate femenino: Seduction, Subversion, and Power. Romance Quarterly: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 9-16.
Failure of the legal system to enforce drunk driving legislation effectively.

Study objective: To evaluate the investigation and prosecution of drunk drivers and identify reasons for system failure. Design: Prospective data collection on all drivers with an elevated blood alcohol level who were treated at a Level I trauma center between January 1 and June 30, 1991. Setting: Level I trauma center/university medical center serving a population of 1.8 million. Interventions: Prospective data collection, interviewing ambulance squad members, investigating police, and results of prosecution. Measurements and main results: Of 321 drivers, 78 had ethanol levels of more than 100 mg/dL; nine were between 50 and 100 mg/dL. All drivers had rapid transport to a trauma center for severe injury or high-risk injury mechanism. Police reports were accessible for 84 of 87 drivers; all drivers were believed to be at fault. The crashes resulted in five deaths and 74 other victims requiring hospitalization. Six of the intoxicated drivers died. Police requests for blood alcohol levels were made for 28 drivers, one of whom died. The remaining 59 drivers had no legal blood alcohol level drawn. Although the greater the distance from our center (more rural), the less likely were requests for ethanol levels, but there were many "no requests" from nearby cities. Of the 28 drivers on whom legal alcohol levels were drawn, eight escaped central registration with the highway safety commission, which records any and every traffic violation within New Jersey. Of the remaining 20, eight were not prosecuted (excluding one death), including one repeat offender. One committed a later "driving while intoxicated" offense and was then prosecuted. The remaining 11 were all convicted; five were repeat offenders. Conclusion: Reasonable cause is required for legal blood alcohol requests. Our data demonstrated that this is difficult when the driver is unavailable for questioning. However, once legal blood alcohol levels have been obtained, inadequate legal follow-up leads to nonprosecution. Once officially charged, conviction appears certain, but even this punishment and re-education fail to change behavior in many of these drivers.
On the intersection of augmentation ideals

Let G be a group and ZG its integral group ring. If H is a subgroup of the group 6, the (right) augmentation ideal d,(H) is the right ideal of ZG generated by the elements h 1 with h E H. If HI and Hz are two subgroups of G and H, n H2 = H, then clearly d,(H) C A,(H,) n A&H,). Theorem 1 below characterizes the situation in which A,(H) = A,(H,) n A&H,). As a consequence we obtain a necessary condition for the generalized free product of two finitely generated free groups to be again free and an upper bound for the cohomological dimension of a generalized free product.
Steady-state flux and lag time in the stratum corneum lipid pathway: results from finite element models.

Finite element model (FEM) solutions of the diffusion through two-dimensional representations of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid pathway are presented. Both simplified, regular "brick and mortar" models and a more complex, irregular model are analyzed. It is assumed that diffusion occurs only within the SC lipids and the lipids are isotropic. The steady-state flux and lag time are solved and compared with the corresponding values for a homogeneous membrane of the same thickness consisting of lipid material. Results confirm that the heterogeneous SC model behaves like a homogeneous membrane, meaning that FEM diffusion simulations are well approximated by an appropriate solution of the diffusion equation for a homogeneous membrane. Additionally, both steady-state flux and lag time (relative to these values in a homogeneous membrane) can be predicted from algebraic equations based on simple dimensionless descriptors of SC geometry. However, values for diffusivity derived from homogeneous membrane approximations to the FEM solutions (effective diffusivity, D*) are not equal to the intrinsic diffusivity of the chemical in lipid. Furthermore, the pathlength derived from homogeneous membrane approximations to FEM solutions (effective pathlength, l*) is not equal to the lipid pathlength and is not dependent on SC tortuosity. Whereas l* is not a function of corneocyte overlap, D* is. These model results suggest that diffusion properties of the SC lipid pathway can be correlated to SC geometry, but intrinsic diffusion coefficients and SC tortuosity cannot be derived from common diffusion cell experiments. Use of the model equations to predict permeability and lag time of lipophilic solutes is described.
UTILIZATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF VERTICAL OIL MIGRATION IN DEEP BASINS

Use of the model of a hot, deep, origin of oil places rigid constraints on the migration and entrapment of crude oil. Specifically, oil originating from depth migrates vertically up faults and is emplaced in traps at shallower depths. Review of petroleum-producing basins worldwide shows oil occurrence in these basins conforms to the restraints of this hypothesis. Most of the world's oil is found in the very deepest sedimentary basins, and production over or adjacent to the deep basin is cut by, or directly updip from, faults dipping into the basin deep. Generally, the greater the fault throw, the greater the reserves.
Simulation of Flow in Thin Fluid Films Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

The present work deals with the application of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), which is a relatively new Computational Fluid Dynamics approach, to fluid film lubrication. LBM accounts for the inertia forces, while being easier to implement than Navier-Stokes solvers for complex geometric configurations. The LBM solution for a classic case is presented in comparison with the analytic Reynolds solution and the numeric solution obtained with Navier-Stokes solvers.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Measurement of gas bremsstrahlung from electron storage rings

Abstract Bremsstrahlung is produced in electron storage rings when the particle beam interacts with the storage ring components or with the residual gas molecules in the storage ring vacuum. The interaction of the particle beam with the gas molecules occurs continuously during storage ring operation. At straight sections of a storage ring, the gas bremsstrahlung contribution from each interaction adds up to produce a narrow monodirectional photon beam that travels down the beamlines. At the Advanced Photon Source (APS), where the stored electron beam energy is 7 GeV, gas bremsstrahlung generated in the straight sections of the insertion device beamlines, which is a total of 15.38 m in effective length, can be significant. This paper presents the results of the bremsstrahlung spectrum and energy measurements from the insertion device beamlines of the APS using a hermetic lead glass calorimeter. The calorimeter consists of 25 lead glass blocks, each 6.3 cm × 6.3 cm × 35 cm, stacked into a 5 × 5 array. Phototubes connected to the lead glass blocks collected the signals. The calorimeter is calibrated using the maximum energy of the observed bremsstrahlung spectrum. The total energy radiated and the bremsstrahlung spectrum were measured as a function of the storage ring beam current for both electrons and positrons of 7 GeV energy. Vacuum in the straight section was continuously monitored, and measurements to determine the nature of the residual gas inside the storage ring were performed. The measured bremsstrahlung spectra are fitted to a function that shows an approximate 1 E behavior. The gas bremsstrahlung rate from the APS undulator beamline straight path of 15.38 m is measured as 60.0 ± 2.0 GeV/s/nT/mA. Significant contribution of bremsstrahlung from sources other than the residual gas molecules is observed. The maximum bremsstrahlung energy measured in a beamline during the experiment is 369.0 ± 22.0 GeV/s/nT/mA.
Interference by thiels in acetoacetate determination

Abstract Cysteine and reduced glutathione have been shown to interfere in the colorimetric determination of acetoacetate, using the method of Walker. This interference can be significantly reduced in the case of cysteine and eliminated in the case of reduced glutathione if mercuric chloride is added to the colorimetric reaction mixture.
Further reflections on the one-dimensional packing problem

The one-dimensional packing problem may be stated as follows: When objects of lengthL are randomly placed on a line of lengthN until no more placement is possible, how much space remains unoccupied? In a previous paper, the authors showed that, forL = 2, the fraction of unoccupied space is dependent on the model governing the placement mechanism. In this paper, these results are extended from the discrete to the continuous case by allowing bothN andL to increase, while keeping their ratio constant. The methodology was validated by reproducing the analytical results for limiting cases.
Organolutetium vinyl and tuck-over complexes via C-H bond activation.

The vinyl C−H bond of tetramethylfulvene is activated in the presence of [(C5Me5)2LuH]x, 1, to form a vinyl organolutetium complex, (C5Me5)2Lu(CHC5Me4), 2. Also formed in the reaction is the “tuck-over” complex, (C5Me5)2Lu(μ-H)(μ-η1:η5-CH2C5Me4)Lu(C5Me5), 3, containing a (CH2C5Me4)2- moiety long postulated to exist in organolutetium chemistry but never crystallographically characterized. Evidence for these C−H bond activations by a “(C5Me5)3Lu” intermediate, 4, is presented. Complex 3 can also be made in high yield by thermolysis of 1. Under H2, 1 catalytically hydrogenates TMF to C5Me5H.
The role of contextual factors in eliciting creativity: primes, cognitive load and expectation of performance feedback

Purpose – Managers are increasingly faced with situations that call for creative ways to engage consumers and employees. With online and offline options available for creative problem solving, consumers are constantly engaging with brands to provide different solutions to everyday problems. There are numerous contextual factors that influence creative output, external primes (distal vs proximal) being one of them. This research attempts to find the boundary conditions such as cognitive load, expectations of performance feedback and optimism that interact with environmental primes to influence quality and quantity of creativity. Doing so would help managers create conditions that can enhance creative output.Design/methodology/approach – Three experiments were conducted; the first tests the interactive effect of primes and cognitive load, and the second involves the enhancing effect of expectation of performance feedback. Given that cognitive load depresses creativity and expectation of performance feedback...
Drag and Reconfiguration of Broad Leaves in High Winds

Drag was measured and changes of configuration noted as a variety of leaves, leaflets, and clusters were subjected to turbulent winds of 10 and 20 m s-1. Leaves with acute bases and short petioles had the highest surface-specific drag, fluttered erratically and, most commonly, tore. Leaves with lobed bases and long petioles had lower drag, fluttered little and reconfigured into increasingly acute cones. Pinnately compound leaves had the lowest drag and formed cylinders with leaflets layered alternately. For all but individual white oak leaves, drag coefficients (based on original surface area) decreased with increasing wind speed. Single leaves of white poplar were unstable at all speeds but resisted damage even at 30 m s"1; clusters formed stable cones. These results are contrasted with the behaviour of flags in wind and are related to wind-throw in trees.
Engineering Bioluminescent Proteins: Expanding their Analytical Potential

Bioluminescent proteins are used in a plethora of analytical methods, from ultrasensitive assay development to the in vivo imaging of cellular processes. This article reviews the most pertinent current bioluminescent-protein-based technologies and suggests the future direction of this vein of research. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry multimedia page at pubs.acs.org/page/ancham/audio/index.html.)
Influence of Operator Position on the Precision of Measurements Taken with Hand‐Held Velocity Meters in Rivers

Abstract Measurements of water velocity with electromagnetic instruments mounted on wading rods have been reported to be most accurate when the operator is positioned to the side and downstream from the meter. Measurements taken in a large river from several positions lateral and downstream from the meter at different ranges of velocity indicated that no differences occurred among positions and that all positions represented accurate estimates.
The Role of Atmospheric Conditions in Determining Intensity of Crepuscular and Anticrepuscular Rays

During the summer of 2006, daily observations of crepuscular and anticrepuscular rays were made around sunset from central Oklahoma. A relative scale of ray intensity was developed and used to relate the rays to concurrent meteorological conditions. Evidence is presented suggesting that both topography and clouds can cast shadows leading to rays. Relationships are hypothesized between estimated ray intensity and atmospheric variables, and predictive equations are developed for ray intensity and assessed using data from the summer of 2008. Except for a few cases in which rays were traced back to topography east of the Rocky Mountains, the most intense rays were produced by towering cumulus (Cu) and cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds to the west after hot days with light winds.
Memory facilitating and anti-amnesic effects of corticosteroids

Abstract The effects of corticosterone, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone on retention of active and passive avoidance training were studied in male mice. Posttraining administration of any of the hormones facilitated subsequent retention test performance of poorly trained mice when tested one week after training and drug administration. The optimum dose of dexamethasone was 4 mg/kg, while corticosterone and hydrocortisone were effective at 30 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Dexamethasone significantly facilitated retention when administered up to 150 min but not at 210 min after training. It was further determined that dexamethasone blocked the amnesic effect of two but not four successive injections of anisomycin in both active and passive avoidance tasks. Corticosterone and dexamethasone when administered to anisomycin-injected mice caused only a small, transient increase in the protein synthesis inhibition. In saline-injected control mice, the hormones also caused a small inhibition of protein synthesis which disappeared quickly. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured in mice trained and given anisomycin, cycloheximide or saline. Plasma corticosterone levels were reduced 43% by anisomycin and 89% by cycloheximide. In both cases the corticosterone levels subsequently increased rapidly after the inhibitor injection and were elevated by about 5 times above control levels at 130 min after the inhibitor injection. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of central stimulant action of corticosteroids on memory formation.
Recent research concerning extinguishment of coal dust explosions

Current practices of protection against coal dust explosions propagating through mines are examined and found to be basically methods of cooling flames below the temperature limits for flame propagation. Such is the case with rock (stone) dusting and with passive barriers (extinguishant dispersed by the explosion) using rock dust or water. Chemical fire extinguishants such as sodium and potassium compounds used in recent research seeking to develop triggered barriers (extinguishant dispersed by a contained energy source on signal from a flame detector) do not appear to have a great advantage over thermal quenching agents.
The Black Market for Foreign Exchange in the Former Soviet Union

This paper examines the black market for foreign exchange in the former Soviet Union, using this analysis as a window on household behavior in asset markets under central planning. I argue that government restrictions on household behavior in goods and asset markets, combined with an absence of government control over the monetary situation, induced households to demand foreign currency in the black market for its value as an asset. I develop a model of the foreign currency black market which explicitly takes into account the institutional peculiarities of central planning. This approach clarifies the impact of high levels of government intervention in capital and foreign exchange markets. It also brings to light important areas of continuity between the pre-reform and reform eras in eastern and central Europe.
Effects of goodness and other properties of patterns on discriminative performance of monkeys.

Stumptailed monkeys were given a series of pattern discrimination problems of the type used in studies with humans to test Garner’s information-theoretic theory of figural goodness. Unlike humans’, the monkeys’ learning and response latency were not faster for problems involving good patterns (coming from small rotation-and-reflection equivalence sets) than for problems involving poor patterns (coming from large rotation-and-reflection equivalence sets). Like humans, the monkeys found problems involving patterns from the same equivalence set, regardless of the size of the set, to be much harder to learn than problems involving patterns from different sets. Learning was faster, the greater the number of unique elements distinguishing a pair of patterns. Effects of specific types of reflection and rotation were also analyzed. The results suggest that there are both similarities and differences in the processing of patterns by monkeys and humans, and that the processing can, at the same time, involve both whole patterns and elements or features of patterns.
Aspirin resistance associated with HbA1c and obesity in diabetic patients.

Abstract Introduction Diabetes is known to be a prothrombotic state. Since serotonin uptake plays a role in both platelet activation and depression, we undertook to examine a hypothesis that aspirin resistance (AR) may be associated with both HbA1c and depressive symptoms and to assess other potential determinants of AR in diabetic patients. Methods A whole-blood desktop platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) with an epinephrine agonist was used to assess AR among patients with type 2 diabetes. AR was defined as PFA closure times N =48) who took aspirin within the past 24 h constituted the study sample. Associations with AR were assessed with the use of the Mann–Whitney test and Fisher's Exact Test as well as with logistic regression models. Results AR was observed in 11 patients (23%) and was not significantly associated with age, sex, or race. AR was significantly associated with HbA1c≥8% ( P =.002) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ; P =.01) and borderline associated with having ≥1 depressive symptom ( P =.07). Results were similar after multivariable adjustment in logistic regression models. No statistically significant associations of AR with age, sex, race, plasma glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, or smoking were observed. Conclusion These data suggest that AR may be of special concern for diabetic patients with poor glucose control and obesity. Whether the PFA-100 or any other practical measure of AR can be used in clinical practice to identify added cardiovascular disease risk and to inform platelet inhibition therapy needs further study.
Adult Aqueductal Stenosis Presenting as Double Incontinence: A Case Report with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

An unusual case of adult-onset aqueduct stenosis is discussed. The patient presented with a 3-year history of bowel and bladder incontinence without associated dementia, gait disturbance, headache, visual loss, or hypothalamic dysfunction. The absence of the midportion of the sylvian aqueduct in this patient is verified by magnetic resonance imaging.
External radiotherapy in ureteralobstruction secondary to locally invasive prostatic cancer

Sixteen patients with unilateral or bilateral hydroureteronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction secondary to locally invasive prostatic cancer (Stage III) were given 5,000 to 6,000 rads of external radiotherapy to the prostate utilizing Cobalt-60. External radiotherapy was used in 10 patients after they either refused to undergo orchiectomy or had been refractory to orchiectomy and hormone therapy for at least three months. Unilateral nephrostomy was required in 3 patients prior to radiotherapy. Within six months 9 of 10 patients showed a response. The encouraging effects of external radiotherapy on ureteral obstruction secondary to locally invasive prostatic cancer are discussed.
Calibration of K&C Concrete Model for UHPC in LS-DYNA

Karagozian & Case Concrete (KCC) model in LS-DYNA is a parameter automatically generated material model for simulation of concrete. By giving the unconfined compressive strength of the concrete material, all other constitutive material parameters will be generated by the model. It is a valuable concrete model for users who have no laboratory data or conduct tentative simulations. However, the automatically generated parameters will induce error when the concrete material behavior deviates from the regular behavior. In this research, a calibration method is introduced to show a simple way for generating input material parameters of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Empirical equations for triaxial compressive tests are used here for the calibration. The calibrated model is firstly checked by the simulation of uniaxial compression test with one element and the results reveal that the calibrated model shows a better agreement with the test data than the parameter automatically generated KCC model.
Total Continence Reconstruction Using the Artificial Urinary Sphincter and the Malone Antegrade Continence Enema

Purpose: Surgical management of children with myelomeningocele addresses 2 aspects of the disease, neurogenic bladder and neurogenic bowel. Results of total continence reconstruction using an artificial urinary sphincter and Malone antegrade continence enema are presented.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent simultaneous artificial urinary sphincter placement and a Malone antegrade continence enema procedure. From 1997 to 2007 a total of 21 patients with myelomeningocele underwent total continence reconstruction using the artificial urinary sphincter. Mean patient age was 10.4 years (range 6 to 22) and mean followup was 4.7 years (range 0.66 to 11.7). Artificial urinary sphincter cuff was placed around the bladder neck. A Malone antegrade continence enema was performed using appendix in 19 patients and cecal based flaps in 2. Two patients underwent concomitant augmentation cystoplasty. Six patients had concomitant Mitrofanoff vesicostomy using split ap...
The TCP outcast problem: exposing unfairness in data center networks

In this paper, we observe that bandwidth sharing via TCP in commodity data center networks organized in multi-rooted tree topologies can lead to severe unfairness, which we term as the TCP Outcast problem, under many common traffic patterns. When many flows and a few flows arrive at two ports of a switch destined to one common output port, the small set of flows lose out on their throughput share significantly (almost by an order of magnitude sometimes). The Outcast problem occurs mainly in taildrop queues that commodity switches use. Using careful analysis, we discover that taildrop queues exhibit a phenomenon known as port blackout, where a series of packets from one port are dropped. Port blackout affects the fewer flows more significantly, as they lose more consecutive packets leading to TCP timeouts. In this paper, we show the existence of this TCP Outcast problem using a data center network testbed using real hardware under different scenarios. We then evaluate different solutions such as RED, SFQ, TCP pacing, and a new solution called equal-length routing to mitigate the Outcast problem.