cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Being “Single and Unattached”: The Role of Adult Attachment Styles1

This study compared adult attachment styles across 3 groups of young adults: those seriously dating someone (n= 89), casually dating someone (n= 39), or not dating (n= 33). Respondents who were casually dating and not dating rated themselves higher on fearful attachment compared to those who were seriously dating. Higher proportions of respondents in the casually dating and non-dating groups compared to seriously dating individuals also categorized themselves into fearful or dismissing attachment groups and a lower proportion into the secure attachment group. Logistic regression analyses indicate that higher scores on fearful attachment significantly increased the odds of being single and unattached. These findings confirm a link between adult attachment and relationship status, not only in theory but also in practice.
A preliminary quantitative study of the Purkinje cells in normal, subnormal, and senescent human cerebella, with some notes on functional localization

The main purpose of this paper was to show the numerical differences in Purkinje cells in normal, subnormal, and senescent cerebella.
Assessment of terrain elevation derived from satellite laser altimetry over mountainous forest areas using airborne lidar data

Abstract Gaussian decomposition has been used to extract terrain elevation from waveforms of the satellite lidar GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System), on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite). The common assumption is that one of the extracted Gaussian peaks, especially the lowest one, corresponds to the ground. However, Gaussian decomposition is usually complicated due to the broadened signals from both terrain and objects above over sloped areas. It is a critical and pressing research issue to quantify and understand the correspondence between Gaussian peaks and ground elevation. This study uses ∼2000 km2 airborne lidar data to assess the lowest two GLAS Gaussian peaks for terrain elevation estimation over mountainous forest areas in North Carolina. Airborne lidar data were used to extract not only ground elevation, but also terrain and canopy features such as slope and canopy height. Based on the analysis of a total of ∼500 GLAS shots, it was found that (1) the lowest peak tends to underestimate ground elevation; terrain steepness (slope) and canopy height have the highest correlation with the underestimation, (2) the second to the lowest peak is, on average, closer to the ground elevation over mountainous forest areas, and (3) the stronger peak among the lowest two is closest to the ground for both open terrain and mountainous forest areas. It is expected that this assessment will shed light on future algorithm improvements and/or better use of the GLAS products for terrain elevation estimation.
Hazardous drinking by trauma patients during the year after injury.

Background: To improve reinjury prevention strategies targeting hazardous drinking, we determined its predictors and longitudinal course in the year after injury. Methods: This was a prospective study of 101 randomly selected hospitalized trauma patients who before injury represented the full range of substance abuse, from severe to none. We hypothesized that clinical data obtained routinely by trauma centers would predict hazardous drinking during the postinjury year. Results: Drug and alcohol use dropped markedly 1 month after injury but returned to preinjury levels by 4 months. Forty-one percent of the sample drank hazardously before injury, and 55% drank hazardously after. From before to after injury, 20% of patients worsened their hazardous drinking status, and only 6% of patients improved it. Three clinical predictors of hazardous drinking during the year were identified: any positive blood alcohol concentration > 0 at admission (odds ratio [OR], 9.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.51-33.56), any days > 0 of using nonprescription drugs of abuse in the month before injury (OR, 6.63; 95% CI, 1.76-25.04), and suffering an intentional injury (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.38-18.77). Conclusion: Efforts to reduce hazardous drinking after injury should target patients with this risk profile and focus on the 1- to 4-month period after injury hospitalization.
Studies of the ESR spectra of alumina

Abstract The ESR spectra of a number of samples of η- and γ-alumina have been studied after a variety of pretreatments. A triplet in the spectrum of some commercial aluminas has been identified as NO 2 strongly bound to the alumina. The triplet can also be generated by treatment with HNO 3 of alumina not initially showing the triplet, or by decomposition of A1(NO 3 ) 3 · 9H 2 O. Treatment with D 2 O at 550 °C does not affect the triplet. Treatment with H 2 at 550 °C converts the triplet to an intense singlet. Reoxidation regenerates the triplet, though with reduced intensity. The NO 2 is probably reduced by H 2 to NO, which is also relatively strongly bound to the alumina and can be reoxidized to NO 2 .
Visual receptive field organization of single units in the cat's visual cortex.

Abstract The receptive fields of 165 cells in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of cats were mapped by moving a small white or black disc (0.5°) in a scanning pattern on a tangential contrasting screen placed at 57 cm from the cat; bars and edges were also used as more complex stimuli. An area 25 × 25° was explored by the moving stimulus. The screen was positioned to allow optimum mapping of units activated by images falling on the area centralis of both eyes. High resolution maps were obtained by automated stimulus control and data collection. Various levels of illumination, speed and direction of scan were used. The data show that the great majority of the units, over 90%, are binocularly activated. This fact, combined with standard criteria, leaves no doubt that the units recorded were cortical cells. The spontaneous firing rate was very low, less than 2/sec, for most units; somewhat higher rates were shown by units with diffuse receptive fields. The receptive fields mapped with the small disc were divided in the following classes; disc shaped, constituting 44% of the total sample; diffuse: 21%; bars and edges: 20%; composite: 12%; and unclassified: 3%. Of the units studied 17% were direction sensitive; more specifically, 16% of the disc shaped; 25% of the diffuse; 10% of the bars and edges; and 24% of the composite receptive fields showed direction sensitivity. Further analysis using bars and edges as stimuli, under either manual or servo control essentially confirms Hubel and Wiesel's data with regard to units with elongated or diffuse receptive fields. On the other hand, units with disc-shaped receptive fields seem to be uncommitted to specific features of the visual image suggesting that linear mechanisms might play a substantial role in the processing of visual information.
Cannabinoid ester constituents from high-potency Cannabis sativa.

Eleven new cannabinoid esters, together with three known cannabinoid acids and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), were isolated from a high-potency variety of Cannabis sativa. The structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses to be β-fenchyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (1), epi-bornyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (2), α-terpenyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (3), 4-terpenyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (4), α-cadinyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (5), γ-eudesmyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (6), γ-eudesmyl cannabigerolate (7), 4-terpenyl cannabinolate (8), bornyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (9), α-fenchyl Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolate (10), α-cadinyl cannabigerolate (11), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9-THCA), cannabinolic acid A (CBNA), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Compound 8 showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 with an IC50 value of 8.5 µg/mL. CB-1 receptor assay indicated that the esters, as well as the parent acids, are not...
A reassessment of Doppler pressure indices in the detection of arterial lesions in proximity penetrating injuries of extremities: A prospective study

This prospective study assessed the role of Doppler pressure indices (Ankle-Brachial Index [ABI] or Brachial Brachial Index [BBI]) in the evaluation for occult arterial injury from penetrating proximity extremity trauma (PET). A total of 258 patients with 323 PETs were evaluated by physical examination and Doppler pressure (ABI/BBI) determination. An ABI/BBI of < 0.9 was considered abnormal. The findings were compared with those of arteriography in all patients. Eleven injuries (3.4%) found on arteriography were associated with normal indices. Five of these injuries were treated by repair (4 patients) or angiographic embolization of a bleeding vessel (1 patient), all in lesions proximal to the knee or elbow joints. The other six lesions were observed without intervention. All of the 29 injuries associated with abnormal indices had positive arteriographic findings. The 4 lesions that were treated operatively were proximal and the remaining 25, all with distal penetration, were observed without observation. As compared to angiography, Doppler indices yielded the following results: 283 true-negative, 11 false-negative, 29 true-positive, and 0 false-positive, for a sensitivity of 72.5%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 96%. These data suggest that Doppler indices should be an integral part of the physical examination and can screen patients with proximal injuries for further studies such as duplex sonography or arteriography.
Visual Prognosis in Macular Retinoblastomas

Since 1979, we have treated 11 patients who had macular retinoblastomas. Two patients eventually recovered 20/20 visual acuity despite the presence of subretinal fluid in the fovea at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis was made at 11 and 14 months of age, and follow-up periods were ten and seven years, respectively. One case was sporadic and the other was hereditary. Both patients were treated with external radiation; one patient was also treated with chemotherapy. The lesions regressed markedly after treatment. These cases demonstrate that visual prognosis in macular retinoblastomas is not uniformly poor even when a foveal detachment is present. Visual acuity may be good in some cases, which supports the merits of medical treatment rather than enucleation in selected patients.
Communal Nesting of Southern Flying Squirrels in Florida

Use of nest boxes by southern flying squirrels ( Glaucomys volans ), with emphasis on communal nesting, was studied for 5 years in southcentral Florida. Of 841 occupied boxes, 11% contained litters, 81% contained aggregations of 2–25 individuals, and 9% contained solitary individuals. Of 676 aggregations, 79% contained only adults, and 21% were comprised of adults and subadults and, rarely, nestlings. At least 16% of the aggregations contained related individuals. Aggregations of adults were significantly smaller ( X = 7.2) than those of mixed-age groups ( X = 9.0). Most aggregations contained both sexes. Sex ratios of original captures of both adults and subadults in communal groups were significantly biased toward males. Communal nesting peaked in January, persisted into spring, and was lowest in September. The proportion of males in aggregations of adults significantly decreased over winter. The population in Florida had a more prolonged period of communal nesting and larger mean size of both cold- and warm-weather aggregations than reported for more northerly populations. The high level of communal nesting in the southern part of the range suggests that, besides a thermoregulatory function, aggregative behavior also may play a significant role in the social organization of populations of flying squirrels.
Charge Density in Crystalline Arsenic

The charge density in crystalline arsenic is calculated from orthogonalized-plane-wave wave functions and compared with the covalent-bond models due to Pauling and to Cohen, Falicov, and Golin. There is good qualitative agreement; arsenic clearly has covalent features.
Hierarchy and the reconstruction of evolutionary trends: evidence for constraints on the evolution of body size in terrestrial caniform carnivorans (Mammalia)

Abstract Body mass is an important organism-level variable in mammalian biology, correlated with physiology, life history, and ecology. To analyze the dynamics of body size evolution, increases and decreases in body mass were tallied for ancestor-descendant (AD) species pairs for 519 terrestrial caniform taxa. To account for uncertainty phylogeny, a bootstrapping routine shuffled hypothesized AD pairs, and average proportions of increases were binned as a function of ancestral body mass. A set of models relating the rate of body size increase were evaluated with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). AIC selected three models of the candidate set as equivalent in support by the observed body mass data. These three models propose body size increase for small AD pairs and body size decrease for large AD pairs, although they differ in their treatment of taxa at intermediate sizes. These results demonstrate the presence of constraints bounding the caniform distribution at large and small body sizes, stabiliz...
Effect of Participation in Congregate-Site Meal Programs on Nutritional Status of The Healthy Elderly

Abstract Objective This study was designed to evaluate whether participation in a congregate-site meal program influenced the nutritional status of a group of healthy elderly. Design Nutritional status, as defined by dietary intake and biochemical indexes, was assessed in free-living persons (aged 60 to 89 years) who either did (n=70) or did not (n=65) participate in the meal program. Three-day mean intakes of 17 nutrients and serum levels of 13 indexes of nutritional status were measured. Statistical analyses Multifactorial analysis of variance was used to determine differences in nutrient intake data and biochemical indexes between the groups. By means of correlation analysis, relationships between income and main outcome measures were examined. χ 2 Analysis was used to determine differences in response to categorical variables of the questionnaire. Results In general, dietary intakes of participants did not differ significantly from those of nonparticipants, nor did the meal provided at the site significantly affect the overall dietary intake of participants. Mean biochemical indexes of nutritional status were within normal ranges for participants and nonparticipants, except for iron. However, 26% of the population consumed diets that may place them at risk for nutritional inadequacy. Conclusions Mean dietary intake data and biochemical indexes of nutritional status suggest that the congregate-site meal program did not significantly affect the nutritional status of the population surveyed. Additional studies focusing on the nutritional intake and status of low-income, ethnic minority, and socially isolated participants in the congregate-site meal program are needed to assess which populations are at risk for nutritional deficiencies. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:475-483.
The correct name for Dichanthelium leucoblepharis (Poaceae) and its varieties.

Dichanthelium strigosum is made as a new combination to replaceD. leucoblepharis in the broad sense which is based on a later binomial. New combinations are made for the two additional varieties of this species.
Inhibition of Carotenoid Synthesis in Photosynthetic Bacteria: Specific Inhibition of Carotenoid Synthesis in a Photosynthetic Bacterium and its Physiological Consequences

Inhibition of Carotenoid Synthesis in Photosynthetic Bacteria: Specific Inhibition of Carotenoid Synthesis in a Photosynthetic Bacterium and its Physiological Consequences
Evidence for a bidirectional prostaglandin endoperoxide shunt between platelets and the bovine coronary artery.

Abstract While platelets have been shown to be capable of supplying prostaglandin (PG) H 2 to endothelial cells in culture for PGI 2 synthesis, endothelial cells have been shown unable to supply PGH 2 to platelets for thromboxane (TX) A 2 synthesis. We incubated rings of the bovine coronary artery (BCAR) with human platelets treated with aspirin (to inhibit cyclooxygenase) or CGS 13080 (to inhibit TXA 2 synthase) in the presence of 20 μM arachidonic acid. BCAR, with damaged endothelium, produced significantly less PGI 2 than that with intact endothelium. However, co-incubation with CGS 13080-treated platelets resulted in an increase in PGI 2 independent of endothelium, demonstrating a shunt of PGH 2 from platelets to BCAR. Co-incubation of BCAR with aspirin-treated platelets resulted in a net increase in TXA 2 demonstrating a shunt of PGH 2 from BCAR to platelets. Employing [ 14 C]PGH 2 as substrate, BCAR with and without intact endothelium produced similar amounts of 6-keto[ 14 C]PGF 1α , Likewise, homogenates (50 μg protein) of intimal and subintimal regions of BCAR and BCAR converted similar amounts of PGH 2 to 6-keto-PGF 1α . These data suggest that vascular production of PGH 2 is more dependent on an intact endothelium than is the conversion of PGH 2 to PGI 2 . These data also suggest a potential for a bidirectional exchange of PGH 2 between platelets and vascular wall during platelet-vascular wall interactions.
The cell boundary theorem: a simple law of the control of cytosolic calcium concentration.

It was with interest that I read the provocative paper published in your journal: ‘‘The Cell Boundary Theorem: A Simple Law of the Control of Cytosolic Calcium Concentration’’ [1]. The purpose of this letter is to point out that the concept described in [1] was articulated 18 years earlier in one of my papers [2]. While it was mentioned by Rios [1] that the concept had been described before in qualitative terms, to my knowledge, Friel and Tsien [2] was the first to state the concept in mathematical terms, thereby making it amenable to rigorous consideration. Given that the paper by Rios [1] is dedicated to Professor Makoto Endo on the 40th anniversary of the discovery of CICR, it seems especially appropriate to cite the original study describing the ‘The Cell Boundary Theorem’.
Factors affecting the thermostability of β-galactosidase ( Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus ) in milk: a quantitative study

Enhanced stability of β-galactosidase (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus) in milk is due to several milk components acting in concert. Milk salts stabilized the enzyme 3-fold compared to phosphate buffer. K+ was a better stabilizer than Na+. Omission of divalent cations, especially Mg2+, caused a marked drop in stability. Lactose stabilized enzyme stored in the frozen state but destabilized enzyme stored unfrozen. Caseinate stabilized the enzyme 8-fold in phosphate buffer but it stabilized 144-fold in the presence of lactose. In the presence of milk proteins, lactose was 25 times as effective as galactose and 100 times as effective as glucose at promoting stability; sucrose slightly destabilized the enzyme. Stability rose with increasing lactose concentration but declined with increasing enzyme concentration. In milk, soluble casein was the primary stabilizer; whey proteins and peptides had much less effect. Micellar casein had no effect on stability.
Combating Modern-Day Slavery: Issues in Identifying and Assisting Victims of Human Trafficking Worldwide

Abstract Owning a slave is illegal in all countries, yet modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. The form it takes changes as vulnerable people seek work to survive, sometimes migrating far from home. Traffickers in human beings use force, fraud, and coercion to exploit and profit from the forced labor and servitude of men, women, and children in settings such as brothels, factories, agriculture, fishing, and mining. Human trafficking is now recognized as a global challenge that requires a global response and most countries have joined as parties to key international instruments designed to prevent and suppress human trafficking, and punish human traffickers. However, effective prevention, enforcement of laws, and protection and assistance envisioned for victims of human trafficking are not a reality in many countries. As a result many traffickers go unpunished and many victims of human trafficking are not identified and assisted.
Adults with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas

Despite tremendous advances in brain tumor molecular biology and several emerging novel therapies, multimodality therapy that includes surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy is still the cornerstone of high-grade glioma treatment. The first step in high-grade glioma therapy is surgery and a maximal resection should be attempted to reduce the tumor burden before initiation of other adjuvant therapies. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) generally follows surgery, using conventional dosage, and fractionation, and ideally a three-dimensional conformal technique. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to maximize cytoreduction may be used in selected cases. Because no curative chemotherapy exists for high-grade glioma, we always consider an investigational agent either before or concurrently with RT. However, the use of a standard cytotoxic agent, such as temozolomide alone or combined with 13-cis-retinoic acid also is a rational choice particularly for patients with relatively good prognostic factors for whom an investigational agent would not be available. The management of anaplastic oligodendroglioma does not differ significantly from other high-grade gliomas in terms of surgery, RT, or investigational or protocol agent; however, these tumors appear to respond to chemotherapy that includes a combination of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV) [1]. The vincristine provides more toxicity than benefit and it is our practice to only use a combination of procarbazine and CCNU (PC). A single agent, such as temozolomide is an increasingly used and rational choice for anaplastic oligodendroglioma. It is our belief that early, aggressive multimodality treatment still provides the best chance for long-term control of highgrade gliomas, particularly in patients with good prognostic factors. However, despite best therapy and state-of-the-art technology, most patients with high-grade glioma will experience progression or recurrence and will require either a change in the ongoing therapeutic strategy or additional treatment. Better therapies are necessary and progress will only be made through investigation of promising agents in welldesigned clinical trials.
Acetaldehyde photochemistry on TiO2(110)

Abstract The ultraviolet (UV) photon induced decomposition of acetaldehyde adsorbed on the oxidized rutile TiO2(1 1 0) surface was studied with photon stimulated desorption (PSD) and thermal programmed desorption (TPD). Acetaldehyde desorbs molecularly from TiO2(1 1 0) with minor decomposition channels yielding butene on the reduced TiO2 surface and acetate on the oxidized TiO2 surface. Acetaldehyde adsorbed on oxidized TiO2(1 1 0) undergoes a facile thermal reaction to form a photoactive acetaldehyde–oxygen complex. UV irradiation of the acetaldehyde–oxygen complex initiated photofragmentation of the complex resulting in the ejection of methyl radical into gas phase and conversion of the surface bound fragment to formate.
EFFECTS OF SURGICAL STIMULATION ON AUTONOMIC REFLEX FUNCTION: ASSESSMENT BY CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY

Analysis of small oscillations in heart rate (known as heart rate variability or HRV) associated with the activity of homeostatic reflexes can provide a noninvasive measure of autonomic reflex function. We have investigated the effects of surgical stimulation on autonomic reflex function by assessment of changes in HRV. Healthy female patients undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation were anaesthetized with either thiopentone-nitrous oxide-isoflurane (group I; n = 13) or continuous propofol infusion (group P; n = 13). Power spectral measurements of HRV (HRVtot = total HRV power; %HRVlo = percent of HRV power in the low frequency range) were obtained at the following times; control; before incision; after incision (3 min, 10 min and before skin closure). Compared with control values, measurements of HRVtot before incision were reduced significantly in both groups (group P: 16 (SEM 3)% of control; group I: 2.5 (0.7)% of control). With surgical stimulation, mean HRVtot in group P was restored to 55 (13)% of control (P < 0.01 compared with measurement before incision), whereas mean HRVtot in group I remained at less than 4% of control (ns). %HRVlo increased also in group P, from 49 (7)% to 75(3)% (P < 0.05), consistent with a shift in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance towards sympathetic dominance. These results suggest that surgical stimulation may have significant effects on the autonomic reflexes mediating HRV, and that such effects vary with anesthetic technique.
Repeated Exposure to Suggestion and the Creation of False Memories

The purpose of the present study was to extend research on repetition and illusory truth to the domain of eyewitness suggestibility Specifically, we assessed whether repeated exposure to suggestion, relative to a single exposure, facilitates the creation of false memory for suggested events After viewing a video of a burglary, subjects were asked questions containing misleading suggestions, some of which were repeated Their memory for the source of the suggestions was tested The results show that following repeated (relative to a single) exposure to suggestion, subjects were more likely to (a) claim with high confidence that they remembered the suggested events from the video (Experiment 1) and (b) claim that they consciously recollected witnessing the suggested events (Experiment 2) The effects of repeated exposure were highly reliable and were observed over retention intervals as long as 1 week
A semi-implicit lattice method for simulating flow

We propose a new semi-implicit lattice numerical method for modeling fluid flow that depends only on local primitive variable information (density, pressure, velocity) and not on relaxed upstream distribution function values. This method has the potential for reducing parallel processor communication and permitting larger time steps than the lattice-Boltzmann method. Several benchmark problems are solved to demonstrate the accuracy of the method.
Properties of strand displacement synthesis by Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase: mechanistic implications.

Previous results indicated that Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase is capable of extensive synthesis under conditions where it must simultaneously displace a downstream non-template DNA strand. To investigate more fully the mechanistic basis for displacement synthesis and to characterize the activity with natural viral templates, displacement and non-displacement synthesis were compared under a variety of conditions using the viral long terminal repeat plus strand as the template. Although the rates of both displacement and non-displacement synthesis varied regionally over the template, on the average, displacement synthesis was slower by a factor of approximately 3 to 4. Surprisingly, with one particular primer situated downstream of the tRNA primer binding site, displacement synthesis was found to be at least tenfold more processive than non-displacement synthesis, approaching a value of 500 nucleotides. The sequence features associated with pausing during the two modes of synthesis are different in both nucleotide preference and position relative to the enzyme, suggesting that the enzyme contacts the DNA differently under the two modes of synthesis. It was found that pausing during displacement synthesis did not reflect those local regions of DNA with a predicted high degree of thermal stability. Moreover, the very similar effects of temperature on the rates of displacement and non-displacement synthesis make unlikely a strictly passive mechanism of displacement synthesis whereby breathing of the downstream duplex is sufficient for advancement of the polymerase. Together, these results suggest a mechanism of displacement synthesis in which reverse transcriptase actively participates in the process of strand separation in front of the translocating polymerase.
Feasibility of Short-Range Numerical Weather Prediction Using Observations from a Network of Profilers

Abstract A series of observing system simulation experiments was conducted to investigate the feasibility of shortrange numerical weather prediction using a network of profilers. A mesoscale model was used to generate datasets which mimic observations from a network of profilers and from an array of rawinsondes. The sensitivity of the model forecast to the characteristic measurement errors of a number of hypothetical profiler networks was tested. Our results demonstrate that profiler wind observations would have a positive impact on short-range numerical weather prediction with a simple static initialization. We also found that forecasts based on retrieved temperatures (calculated from profiler wind data) are significantly better than those based on direct radiometric temperature measurements (using climatology as the first guess for radiometric retrieval). However, the temperature fields from either radiometric measurements or from thermodynamic retrieval need further improvement-before they can be as ac...
OXYGEN-INTERACTION LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY*

— A new spectroscopic method has been developed in our laboratory for perturbation of singlet-triplet transitions in organic molecules by O2. A dilute solution (10-2-10-4M) of the molecule to be studied in various solvents is pressurized in a bomb with O2 at 100 atm (10MPa) for 3–10h. The pressure is released, the solution pipetted into a sample tube, sealed, and frozen to a rigid glass state at 77 K. Then the luminescence spectra and excitation spectra of the sample are scanned. For benzene-O2 we have evidence for a weak complex with a mild perturbation and a strong complex, with various new combination states. For the strong complex, the T1 S emission and excitation spectrum is observed, and also the T2 S excitation spectrum. The T1 S emission for the benzene-O2 complex is seen as a highly resolved emission at 77 K in the glass solvent, but also at 298 K as a poorly resolved emission (induced triplet–triplet fluorescence in the complex). Various upconversion simultaneous transitions and downconversion simultaneous transitions are observed, e.g. (3Blu+1Σ+g), (3Blu+1Δg) upconversions, and the (3Blu+1Σ+g), (3Blu+1Δg) downconversions; thus, in the latter, the third π, π* triplet is revealed for the first time. A novel structure for the benzene–O2 strong complex is proposed as an anf jamel model. For pyridine–O2 and perdeuteropyridine–O2 we observe the T1 S emission for the first time; it is π, π* in character, analogous to benzene.
Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts adverse outcomes in acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. The insensitivity and non-specificity of traditional markers of renal dysfunction prevent timely diagnosis, estimation of the severity of renal injury, and the administration of possible therapeutic agents. Here, we determine the prognostic ability of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), and further characterize its sensitivity and specificity as a biomarker of AKI. Initial western blot studies found increased urinary L-FABP in patients with confirmed AKI. A more extensive cross-sectional study found significant increases in urinary L-FABP, normalized to urinary creatinine, in 92 patients with established AKI compared with 62 patients without clinical evidence of AKI. In hospitalized patients, the diagnostic performance of urinary L-FABP for AKI, assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.93. This compares favorably with other established biomarkers of AKI such as kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and interleukin-18. Our study shows that age-adjusted urinary L-FABP levels were significantly higher in patients with poor outcome, defined as the requirement for renal replacement therapy or the composite end point of death or renal replacement therapy.
Artifice and Autobiographical Pact In Semprun’s L’écriture ou la vie

Is Semprun’s L’Ecriture ou la vie his first purely autobiographical work? Or does the artifice that the first-person narrator repeatedly claims is necessary to relate his experience of a Nazi concentration camp signal that he has altered not only the form of the narrative but also the content? This article examines closely two episodes in which the narrator uses a well-known narrative technique in an original way that allows the narrator to convey the full density of the experiences, with all their uncertainty and oscillations. The striking “artifice” of these episodes is potentially in tension with the numerous textual signs pointing clearly to the work’s status as autobiography.
A hybrid approach to spatial multiplexing in multiuser MIMO downlinks

In the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, simultaneous transmission to several users requires joint optimization of the transmitted signals. Allowing all users to have multiple antennas adds an additional degree of complexity to the problem. In this paper, we examine the case where a single base station transmits to multiple users using linear processing (beamforming) at each of the antenna arrays. We propose generalizations of several previous iterative algorithms for multiuser transmit beamforming that allow multiple antennas and multiple data streams for each user, and that take into account imperfect channel estimates at the transmitter. We then present a new hybrid algorithm that is based on coordinated transmit-receive beamforming, and combines the strengths of nonorthogonal iterative solutions with zero-forcing solutions. The problem of distributing power among the subchannels is solved by using standard bit-loading algorithms combined with the subchannel gains resulting from the zero-forcing solution. The result is a significant performance improvement over equal power distribution. At the same time, the number of iterations required to compute the final solution is reduced.
Conservation of structure and functional divergence of duplicated Wnt8s in pufferfish

The zebrafish wnt8 locus differs from its tetrapod counterparts in that it produces two functionally overlapping but distinct Wnt8 proteins. Studies of zebrafish wnt8 have suggested that the two major Wnt8 proteins produced are functionally similar yet may behave differently depending on the assay context. To determine whether the bicistronic wnt8 and its accompanying unique protein activities found in zebrafish are more widespread (and perhaps universal) among teleosts, we have extended our studies to the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes. We have found that Takifugu wnt8 is also bicistronic, indicating that the wnt8 duplication occurred before the divergence of these teleosts approximately 150 million years ago. Furthermore, overexpression assays in zebrafish embryos show that functional differences between the zebrafish Wnt8.1 and Wnt8.2 proteins are conserved in their Takifugu orthologs. Thus, despite the fact that Wnt8.1 and Wnt8.2 proteins are as similar to each other as each is to Xenopus Xwnt-8, Wnt8 family members can behave quite differently in the context of zebrafish embryos. This finding suggests that zebrafish (and possibly teleost in general) Wnt8 receptors are able to discriminate between highly related ligands.
Explicitly incorporating spatial dependence in predictive vegetation models in the form of explanatory variables: A Mojave Desert case study

Predictive vegetation modeling is defined as predicting the distribution of vegetation across a landscape based upon its relationship with environmental factors. These models generally ignore or attempt to remove spatial dependence in the data. When explicitly included in the model, spatial dependence can increase model accuracy. We develop presence/absence models for 11 vegetation alliances in the Mojave Desert with classification trees and generalized linear models, and use geostatistical interpolation to calculate spatial dependence terms used in the models. Results were mixed across models and methods, but in general, the spatial dependence terms more consistently increased model accuracy for widespread alliances. GLMs had higher accuracy in general.
Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of three nanofluids and development of new correlations

Experimental investigations have been carried out for determining the thermal conductivity of three nanofluids containing aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles dispersed in a base fluid of 60:40 (by mass) ethylene glycol and water mixture. Particle volumetric concentration tested was up to 10% and the temperature range of the experiments was from 298 to 363 K. The results show an increase in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids compared to the base fluids with an increasing volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. The thermal conductivity also increases substantially with an increase in temperature. Several existing models for thermal conductivity were compared with the experimental data obtained from these nanofluids, and they do not exhibit good agreement. Therefore, a model was developed, which is a refinement of an existing model, which incorporates the classical Maxwell model and the Brownian motion effect to account for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids as a function of temperature, particle volumetric concentration, the properties of nanoparticles, and the base fluid, which agrees well with the experimental data.
Effects of chloride on paramagnetic coupling of manganese in calcium chloride-washed photosystem II preparations

Abstract The effect of chloride on paramagnetic coupling of manganese in the oxygen-evolving complex of CaCl 2- -washed PS II preparations was examined using Q-band ESR. When these PS II preparations were depleted of chloride, a strong 6-line ESR signal characteristic of protein-bound, uncoupled manganese was observed. Incubation at high chloride concentrations caused the disappearance of this signal. By repeated removal and addition of chloride, the signal could be cycled on and off without loss of bound manganese. When in a chloride-depleted state, the ESR-detectable protein-bound manganese could be removed by treatment with EDTA. Subsequent heating of EDTA-treated preparations revealed a second pool of protein-bound manganese associated with PS II. One of these pools requires a high concentration of chloride to maintain paramagnetic coupling while the second pool (within the limits of our observations) does not appear to require chloride for the maintenance of the paramagnetically coupled state.
Forest restoration and parasitoid wasp communities in montane Hawai'i.

Globally, most restoration efforts focus on re-creating the physical structure (flora or physical features) of a target ecosystem with the assumption that other ecosystem components will follow. Here we investigate that assumption by documenting biogeographical patterns in an important invertebrate taxon, the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, in a recently reforested Hawaiian landscape. Specifically, we test the influence of (1) planting configurations (corridors versus patches), (2) vegetation age, (3) distance from mature native forest, (4) surrounding tree cover, and (5) plant community composition on ichneumonid richness, abundance, and composition. We sampled over 7,000 wasps, 96.5% of which were not native to Hawai’i. We found greater relative richness and abundance of ichneumonids, and substantially different communities, in restored areas compared to mature forest and abandoned pasturelands. Non-native ichneumonids drive these differences; restored areas and native forest did not differ in native ichneumonid abundance. Among restored areas, ichneumonid communities did not differ by planting age or configuration. As tree cover increased within 120 m of a sampling point, ichneumonid community composition increasingly resembled that found in native forest. Similarly, native ichneumonid abundance increased with proximity to native forest. Our results suggest that restoration plantings, if situated near target forest ecosystems and in areas with higher local tree cover, can facilitate restoration of native fauna even in a highly invaded system.
Distributed loops of Henle in a central core model of the renal medulla: Where should the solute come out?

In the mammalian kidney the number of loops of Henle decreases as a function of medullary depth. The role of this decreasing loop population was studied in a steady-state, central core model of the renal inner medulla under simple assumptions: there is no axial diffusion in the central core; the osmolalities in the central core, the descending limbs, and the collecting ducts are equal at each medullary level; and the concentration gradient is generated through the reabsorption of solute from the water-impermeable ascending limbs. A continuous approximation to the loop distribution in rats was based on experimental data. When solute is transported from the ascending limbs with a spatially uniform transport rate, similar in magnitude to the transport rate from the thick ascending limbs of the outer medulla, a moderate gradient is generated in the inner medulla. A steeper gradient, however, is generated by a transport rate that is largest near the turns in the loops, but which is scaled so that the total solute transport is unchanged. When loop distributions that decrease more slowly than those found in rats are used in the model, concentrating capability is decreased for both transport-rate assumptions. These results indicate that the conclusions reached in an earlier study under less accurate physiological assumptions also hold in a central core model.
Schistosoma mansoni: Phenol oxidase's role in eggshell formation

Abstract Phenol oxidase may be involved in the formation of the eggshell in Schistosoma mansoni. 3H-Labeled female S. mansoni proteins were polymerized in vitro following incubation with S. mansoni phenol oxidase and excess l -tyrosine. Peroxidase inhibitors, autoxidation inhibitors, inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and inactive analogs of phenol oxidase inhibitors did not inhibit eggshell formation. Fluorescent substances found in eggshell hydrolysates were similar to those formed from the reaction of phenol oxidase-generated quinones with protein-bound lysine. These observations support the classical concept of phenol oxidase-catalyzed protein hardening. However, fluorescent globules of egg material were still formed after the administration of 200 mg/kg of the phenol oxidase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate. These globules could not be destroyed by inhibitors of autoxidation and lipid peroxidation.
Optical-Model Fringe Absorption and the Neutron Strength Function

Absorption of s-wave neutrons and angular distribution and polarization of scattered neutrons for nuclear masses at 90 to 120 are explained by assuming that low-energy neutrons are absorbed primarily in the fringe areas about 1 fermi outside the nuclear surface where interactions are less inhiblted by the Pauli principle than in the lnterior of the nucleus. (L.N.N.)
The U.S. Money Market and the Term Auction Facility in the Financial Crisis of 2007–2009

Abstract The interbank money market in the United States and Europe became turbulent during the financial crisis of 2007–2009, with the counterparty default risk premiums and liquidity premiums of short-term financing among major financial institutions rising sharply to unprecedented levels. Using various measures of macroeconomic and financial risks, I find that the surges in counterparty risk premiums were predominantly driven by heightened uncertainties about the macroeconomy and financial market, as well as underlying mortgage default risks. The new liquidity facility that the Federal Reserve established, the Term Auction Facility, significantly relieved the strains in the money market, primarily through lowering banks' liquidity concerns. Its effect on the counterparty risk premiums, however, has been quite limited.
Mixed effectivity and the essence of stability

Effectivity functions (EFs) are models of coalitional power. An EF is said to be stable when its core is nonempty irrespective of player preferences. When the outcome space is composed of lotteries, each player's indifference map will be a family of parallel hyperplanes. By explicitly recognizing this fact, we are able to attain much sharper stability results than found using traditional infinite EF theory. Frequently the inherent nature of cooperative problems imposes further restrictions on the domain of admissible preferences. Results are further refined by incorporating these restrictions into concepts relating to stability. A number of applications are also presented, including a study of pure exchange in the EF framework.
Near-complete spin polarization in atomically-smooth chromium-dioxide epitaxial films prepared using a CVD liquid precursor

We have fabricated single crystal chromium dioxide $({\mathrm{CrO}}_{2})$ films using chemical vapor deposition with chromyl chloride $({\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2})$ as a liquid precursor. Their electrical and magnetic properties have been investigated. These films are atomically smooth with a rms roughness of less than 5 \AA{} for 1000 \AA{} thick films. We have obtained a spin polarization of $P=98.4%,$ as determined by the technique of point-contact Andreev reflection. Magnetization and resistivity measurements on these films are in good agreement with those measured on films made with the ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{3}$ solid precursor. The process using the liquid precursor is superior to other existing techniques for the preparation of single crystal single- and multilayers containing ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2},$ especially the structure of magnetic tunnel junctions.
Antibody to Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size in a Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Background Antibodies to selected neutrophil or endothelial cell adhesion molecules decrease myocardial infarct size in vivo. Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is an immunoglobulin gene superfamily member expressed constitutively on neutrophils and endothelium. F(ab′)2 fragments of antibody against PECAM-1 inhibit transendothelial migration of neutrophils in several in vivo models of acute inflammation. Therefore, we examined the effect of F(ab′)2 fragments of anti–PECAM-1 antibody in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Methods and Results F(ab′)2 fragments of the anti–PECAM-1 antibody SEW16 and control normal rabbit IgG (NRIgG) were administered at 5 mg/kg to male Wistar rats, and the rats were subjected to a 30-minute coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. At the completion of each experiment, the area at risk, infarct size (IS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined. Compared with untreated (n=8; IS, 57±5%) or NRIgG-treated (n=10; IS, 62±3%) c...