cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep Inelastic Muon and Electron Scattering as a Probe for Quarks and Gluons in the Nucleon

The classical way to probe small distances is to carry out a scattering experiment. This was the method of Rutherford who used the scattering of α-particles from a thin gold foil to show that the gold atom had its positive charge concentrated in a small central core. Rutherford’s experiments established the size of the gold nucleus to be of order 10−12 cm. Our present experiments with lepton probes are able to resolve distances in the 10−14 − 10−15 cm range, small enough compared to the radius of the nucleon, ≃ 8 × 10−14 cm, to be sensitive to whatever might be inside. Indeed, deep inelastic scattering measurements using electron and muon beams have provided persuasive evidence that the nucleons, and presumably all hadrons, are made of quarks and gluons. The measurements may be interpreted to give the momentum distribution, not only of the dominant flavors of quarks, but of the gluons as well.
Safe space: gay neighborhood history and the politics of violence

Christina B. Hanhardt writes in Safe Space: Gay Neighborhood History and the Politics of Violence that one cannot ‘fully understand changing spatial development patterns apart from LGBT politics’ (...
Hirschsprung's Disease Causing Constipation in an Infant.

A 12-month-old boy with past medical history significant for constipation and gastroesophageal reflux presented to our emergency room with symptoms of persistent vomiting progressing into hematemesis over a 2-day period. Physical examination was benign. Hemoglobin level was reassuring at 11.6 gm/dL. Patient was admitted for further evaluation and management. An upper gastrointestinal study with oral contrast revealed normal anatomy. As he was advanced to a regular diet, he started having emesis again 24 hours after the upper gastrointestinal study was completed. His abdominal exam at that point was significant for severe distention. Therefore, an abdominal x-ray was obtained that revealed a large amount of retained barium contrast within moderately dilated descending and severely dilated proximal sigmoid colon with a normal caliber rectum (Figure 1). A surgical consultation was placed, and the patient underwent a fullthickness rectal biopsy that revealed absence of ganglion cells and abnormal acetylcholinesterase staining confirming the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD).
Case study: mantle convection visualization on the Cray T3D

The recent years have seen rapid advancement towards viewing the Earth as an integrated system. This means that we have come to understand the interdependence of the major planetary subsystems-atmosphere, biosphere, oceans and the deep earth interior-on a large range of time and length scales. One of the longest time scales of the planet is imposed by solid state convection within the silicate Earth mantle. Mantle convection modeling, and other earth science modeling efforts, now are producing simulation data on grids that are large enough to strain the memory and processing power of even the largest high-end graphics workstations. Another alternative is to use parallel visualization tools running on the massively parallel computers that generated the data. This is the approach that we have taken for the visualization of mantle convection simulation data.
The Folding Pathway of Disulfide Containing Proteins

The pathway of oxidative folding of four single domain, 3-disulfide containing proteins has been studied in our laboratory. These four proteins are hirudin core domain (Hir, 49 amino acids), potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI, 39 amino acids), human epidermal growth factor (EGF, 58 amino acids) and tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP, 60 amino acids). Their folding pathways were analyzed by characterization of the acid and iodoacetate trapped folding intermediates. The results demonstrate a high degree of heterogeneity of the 1- and 2-disulfide intermediates and the presence of 3-disulfide scrambled species along the folding pathway of all these four proteins. Their folding mechanism differs significantly from the well documented case of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI).
The Unmet Need for Postacute Rehabilitation Among Medicare Observation Patients: A Single-Center Study.

BACKGROUND Medicare beneficiaries admitted under observation status must pay for postacute inpatient rehabilitation (PAIR) services, out of pocket, at potentially prohibitive costs. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is an unmet need for PAIR among Medicare observation patients and if this care is associated with longer hospital stay and increased rehospitalization. DESIGN/SETTING Observational study using electronic medical record and administrative data from a regional health system. PATIENTS 1323 community-dwelling Medicare patients admitted under observation status. MEASUREMENTS Summary statistics were calculated for demographic and administrative variables. Physical therapy (PT) and case management recommendations for a representative sample of 386 medical records were reviewed regarding need for PAIR services. Linear regression was used to measure the association between PT recommendation and hospital length of stay, adjusting for ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) diagnosis, age, sex, and provider. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between PT recommendation and 30-day hospital revisit. RESULTS Of the 1323 study patients, 11 (0.83%) were discharged to PAIR facilities. However, 17 (4.4%) of the 386 patients whose charts were reviewed received a recommendation for this care. Adjusted mean hospital stay was longer (P ⟨ 0.001) for patients recommended for rehabilitation (75.9 h) than for patients with no PT needs (46.8 h). In addition, the 30-day hospital revisit rate was higher (P = 0.037) for the patients who had been recommended for rehabilitation (52.9%, 9/17) than for those who had not (25.4%, 30/118). CONCLUSIONS Medicare observation patients' potential need for PAIR services is 5- to 6-fold higher than their use of these services. Observation patients recommended for this care may have worse outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017;12:168-172.
Commonsense reasoning about containers using radically incomplete information

Abstract In physical reasoning, humans are often able to carry out useful reasoning based on radically incomplete information. One physical domain that is ubiquitous both in everyday interactions and in many kinds of scientific applications, where reasoning from incomplete information is very common, is the interaction of containers and their contents. We have developed a preliminary knowledge base for qualitative reasoning about containers, expressed in a sorted first-order language of time, geometry, objects, histories, and actions. We have demonstrated that the knowledge suffices to justify a number of commonsense physical inferences, based on very incomplete knowledge.
Vulnerability of grazing and confined livestock in the Northern Great Plains to projected mid and late-twenty-first century climate

The Northern Great Plains (NGP) region of the USA—which comprises Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska—is a largely rural area that provides numerous ecosystem services, including livestock products, cultural services, and conservation of biological diversity. The region contains 25% of the Nation’s beef cattle and approximately one-third of the confined beef cattle, as well as the largest remaining native prairie in the US—the Northern Mixedgrass Prairie. With rising atmospheric CO2, the NGP is projected to experience warmer and longer growing seasons, greater climatic variability, and more extreme events (e.g., increased occurrence of large precipitation events). These climatic changes may affect livestock production both directly via physiological impacts on animals and indirectly via modifications to forage, invasion of undesirable plants, and increased exposure to parasites. This raises concerns about the vulnerability of grazing livestock operations and confined livestock operations to projected changes in mid- (2050) and late- (2085) twenty-first century climate. Our objectives are to (1) describe the NGP’s exposure to temperature and precipitation trends, inter-annual variability, and extreme events; (2) evaluate the sensitivity of beef cattle production to direct and indirect effects imposed by these projected climatic changes; and (3) provide a typology of adaptation strategies to minimize adverse consequences of projected changes and maximize beneficial consequences. Agricultural managers have developed considerable adaptive capacity to contend with environmental and economic variability. However, projected climatic changes, especially the increased frequency and magnitude of weather extremes, will require even greater adaptive capacity to maintain viable production systems. Consequently, regional vulnerability to projected climatic changes will be determined not only by ecological responses but also by the adaptive capacity of individual managers. Adaptive capacity in the NGP will differ from other regions, in part because projections suggest some opportunities for increased livestock production. Adaptations in both grazing and confined beef cattle systems will require enhanced decision-making skills capable of integrating biophysical, social, and economic considerations. Social learning networks that support integration of experimental and experiential knowledge—such as lessons learned from early adopters and involvement with science-based organizations—can help enhance decision-making and climate adaptation planning. Many adaptations have already been implemented by a subset of producers in this region, providing opportunities for assessment, further development, and greater adoption. Context-specific decision-making can also be enhanced through science-management partnerships, which aim to build adaptive capacity that recognizes multiple production and conservation/environmental goals.
Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention among Patients with Diabetes

This review summarizes the most recent literature on dietary patterns and their effects on cardiovascular health among patients with diabetes. Studies identified examined low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-glycemic index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean dietary patterns. A limited number of short-term studies showed that intake of low-fat, low-carbohydrate, and low-glycemic index dietary patterns reduced body weight and blood pressure among individuals with diabetes. Short-term consumption of the DASH dietary pattern reduced blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in patients with diabetes. Most convincing evidence supports the effectiveness of Mediterranean dietary patterns in cardiovascular disease prevention by reducing cardiovascular risk factors and mortality among patients with diabetes, as supported by a prospective cohort study, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. Among the dietary patterns identified, Mediterranean dietary patterns should be considered as primary nutritional recommendation for cardiovascular disease prevention among individuals with diabetes.
Hormones in Milk: Their Presence and Possible Physiological Significance

The presence of hormones in breast milk and their physiological significance was suggested by Schein (1895) and Mosse and Cathala (1898) during the last century and described five decades ago by Heim (1931a; 1931b) and Yaida (1929). In the last decade we witnessed an increased interest in this area. In our presentation we will review two aspects of the presence of hormones in breast milk, along with a brief discussion of clinical studies considering their functional significance for the suckling infant, as well as experiments exploring absorption of some milk hormones in laboratory animals.
Formative research to identify community partnerships and foster relationships for health promotion research in South Mississippi.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this short communication is to describe the trust building and collaboration, fostering phases of a community-academic partnership between churches and academic researchers using a community-based participatory research approach. Study design and methods An academic-community partnership with church leaders was initiated using survey administration and was further developed using focus groups. A coalition was developed, and it guided a subsequent focus group with church members. Results Most churches surveyed did not have a health ministry in place but were agreeable that a variety of health topics were appropriate for the church setting. Church leaders felt that church members were key to engage in health programs in the church, whereas church members viewed pastoral support as important. Church leaders felt that working with a university brings credibility to their own health programs. Conclusion This early work provides a valuable example of how community collaborations may be initiated and developed using formative research methods, serving both community and research agendas.
Resolving the hypotheticome: annotating M. tuberculosis gene function through bibliomic reconciliation and structural modeling

Each decade, billions are invested in Tuberculosis (TB) research to further characterize M. tuberculosis pathogenesis. Despite this investment, nearly half of the 4,031 M. tuberculosis protein-coding genes lack descriptive annotation in community databases, due largely to incomplete reconciliation with the literature and a lack of structure-based methods for functional inference. We coin the term "hypotheticome" as the set of genes in an organism without known function. For M. tuberculosis' hypotheticome, we compiled the set of genes lacking functional assignment in the most frequently used Mycobacteria annotation database through systematic, exhaustive manual literature curation and 3D-protein structure-based inference, and reconciled these annotations with frequented functional databases, creating a comprehensive M. tuberculosis functional knowledge-base. In doing so, we also introduce standard usage of qualifying adjectives based on quantitative measures of certainty with the hope that this approach is adopted in choosing qualifiers for future functional assignments. Through these methods we functionally annotated 41.3% of the M. tuberculosis hypotheticome, and provide insight into its pathogenesis, antibiotic-resistance, and virulence. Processes implicated in the unique lifestyle of M. tuberculosis of long-term persistence and obligate pathogenesis in genotoxic host microenvironments - lipid metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, and membrane transport and efflux - were overrepresented in our annotation. Our structural similarity approach unturned proteins that appear critical in host-interaction through apparent host mimicry, particularly involving the phagosome and vesicle-mediated transport, as well as putative structural analogs for highly mutable protein classes, including dozens of PE/PPE family proteins which are major players at the host-pathogen interface, and sixteen potential efflux pumps which are integral to M. tuberculosis drug tolerance. Hypotheses drawn from these proteins' function may help characterize the onset of latency and identify therapeutic targets. A unified annotation is essential for clear communication about M. tuberculosis. These improvements provide the most comprehensive M. tuberculosis genome annotation to date, and the approach presented can be applied to systematically annotate the genome of other organisms. We provide our novel annotations in General Feature Format with Enzyme Commission and Gene Ontology terms for integration into existing annotation frameworks.
High-Resolution Vibration–Rotation Spectroscopy of12C34S2and13C34S2at 400 cm−1

Abstract The spectrum of isotopically substituted carbon disulfide has been studied in the region near the ν2vibration (400 cm−1). The fundamental and six hot bands of12C34S2were recorded at a resolution of 0.01 cm−1, as were four bands of12C32S34S and two bands of13C34S2. The observed line positions were reproduced by the effective Hamiltonian with a RMS error of 0.001 to 0.005 cm−1. Normal and internal coordinate anharmonic force constants for CS2are reported.
CP and T violations: New results leave open questions

Symmetry is one of the most powerful concepts in modern physics and it underlies many fundamental laws, such as the conservation of energy and momentum. However, there is a very obvious lack of symmetry all around us: why is the universe made of matter rather than antimatter? The big bang is thought to have created equal amounts of matter and antimatter but, to the best of our knowledge, all the antimatter has disappeared, along with most of the matter. How can this be explained?
Geometrical Structures on Noncommutative Spaces

We review the connection between supersymmetric quantum mechanics and differential geometry. This gives a formulation of differential geometry that is well suited for generalization to the noncommutative setting. Two examples are presented. First, we show how the quantum target of the Wess-Zumino-Witten model on SU(2) can be encoded into ’N = 1 spectral data’. Then, we explain how the Kahler structure on the noncommutative two-torus can be constructed starting with N = 1 spectral data.
Clarifying the Diffuse Gliomas

Diffuse gliomas are the most common brain tumors and include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and oligoastrocytomas. Their correct pathologic diagnosis requires the ability to distinguish astrocytic from oligodendroglial differentiation in histologic sections, a challenging feat even for the most experienced neuropathologist. Interobserver variability in the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas has been high owing to subjective diagnostic criteria, overlapping morphologic features, and variations in training and practice among pathologists. A select, albeit imperfect, group of molecular and immunohistochemical tests are available to assist in diagnosis of these lesions. Combined loss of chromosomes 1p and 19q is a genetic signature of oligodendrogliomas, whereas gains of chromosome 7 in the setting of intact 1p/19q are more typical of astrocytomas. Detection of amplified epidermal growth factor receptor favors the diagnosis of high-grade astrocytomas over anaplastic oligodendroglioma, which is especially relevant for small cell astrocytomas. Strong nuclear staining for p53 often reflects TP53 mutation and is typical of low-grade astrocytomas. The Olig family of transcription factors has not demonstrated their diagnostic usefulness. Diffuse gliomas remain a diagnostic challenge, and new markers are needed for proper classification and directed therapies.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders at the intersection of race and sexual orientation: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

OBJECTIVE Sexual minority individuals display elevated rates of psychiatric and substance use disorders compared with heterosexuals. Racial/ethnic minority individuals report lower prevalence of disorders compared with White individuals. Research on sexual minority mental health often neglects research on racial/ethnic minority mental health and vice versa. Therefore, at the intersection of sexual and racial/ethnic minority status, the prevalence of disorders remains unclear. METHOD In a nationally representative sample (N = 36,309), we compared disorder prevalence between sexual minorities and same-race/ethnicity heterosexuals. We then examined the extent to which differences in disorder prevalence between sexual minorities and heterosexuals can be attributed to differences in discrimination experiences related to sexual minority status. We next compared prevalence of disorders for Black and Hispanic with White sexual minority individuals. We examined whether these patterns of associations were reflective of transdiagnostic factor differences among groups. RESULTS Regardless of race/ethnicity, sexual minority individuals experience higher prevalence of disorders than heterosexuals. Controlling for discrimination experiences partially negates these disparities. At the intersection of racial/ethnic and sexual minority status, disorder prevalence is more nuanced: Although Black sexual minority individuals experience lower prevalence of disorders than Whites, Hispanic sexual minority individuals experience similar prevalence of disorders to Whites. Similar findings are observed using a transdiagnostic factors framework. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal important intersectional nuances in the prevalence of psychopathology often overlooked in the race/ethnicity and sexual orientation literatures. These results can inform future scholarship on risk and resilience among marginalized populations, including identifying protective factors associated with possessing certain multiple minority statuses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Healthy Nests Transition to Parenthood Program: A Phenomenological Analysis of Participant Experiences

The transition to parenthood is often a time of excitement and pleasure for couples, yet it can also be a time of great stress. Couple distress is associated with significant negative outcomes for parents and children. The Healthy Nests (HN) intervention is a three-meeting, strength focused couples intervention for first-time parents designed to decrease maladaptive relationship conflict and increase couple well-being. We conducted qualitative interviews with ten couples from each condition (n = 20) about their experiences with the HN project. Four categories, twelve themes, and three subthemes were identified across the intervention and control group couple participants. The categories that emerged for the intervention group include: (a) we are partners AND parents and (b) we experienced significant changes. Some subthemes included (a) increased affection and (b) normalized stressors. Implications for practice, research, and training are discussed.
Behavioral economics and the Virginia school of political economy: overlaps and complementarities

A variety of complementarities and overlaps exist between the psychological strand of behavioral economics and the subjectivist strand of Virginia Political Economy. This paper provides an overview of those commonalities and places them in a common information processing framework. The framework can account for systematic mistakes, framing effects, subjectivity, individual variety, and several issues in constitutional political economy. It also reveals many commonalities between these two quite different approaches to human behavior.
Konno-rastan combined with manougiaun root enlargement for small aortic root with coronary anomaly in a young woman

Aortic root enlargement (ARE) is an established procedure to deal with small aortic annulus. It becomes very important to place adequate size prosthesis to prevent patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM). Aortic root enlargement procedures procedures are technically demanding operations, particularly in obese patients. The presence of coronary artery anomalies adds more complexity to the procedure. We present an interesting case of a 22-year-old obese female with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis and anomalous coronary arteries. We successfully performed aortic valve replacement using the combined Konno aortoventriculoplasty and Manouguian posterior aortic root enlargement. Combined aortic root enlargement techniques techniques should be considered in the presence of major coronary anomalies.
DREAMer Youth Artist-Activists: Queering Migrant Melodrama

This chapter looks at the representation of what has been called undocutime and undocuspace in a one-act devised dance theater work by the Albany Park Theater Project, Nine Digits (2007) and the YouTube video series by Julio Salgado, Undocumented and Awkward (2011–2013). Both works demonstrate how artist-activists can push the limits of melodrama, and even react against it, while nevertheless still working within some of its conventions. These examples of cultural production exhibit facets that might seem to disqualify them from the category of melodrama, including humor, satire, defiance, and anger. Yet we argue that rather than reject melodrama entirely, these works take melodramatic imagination in non-normative directions, what theorists have called queering. We argue, furthermore, that queering migrant melodrama, subverting some of its conventions in order to challenge normative ideals, loosens the strictures of melodramas that would confine undocumented migrants to the role of pitiful victims who deserve respect for their rights on the basis of how much they have suffered.
Chapter 1 – Tetrapod Relationships and Evolutionary Systematics

: The three living groups of amphibians (frogs, salamanders, and caecilians) and the four living groups of reptiles (turtles, crocodylians, tuataras, and squamates) are briefly introduced. The evolutionary history of amphibians and reptiles is placed in perspective by tracing the evolution of early tetrapods during and after the transition from water to land. The earliest tetrapods were anamniotes and were tied more or less to water for reproduction. These organisms gave rise to the amphibians that we know today. The transition to land was facilitated by the evolution of the amniotic egg, which allowed reproduction away from water and resulted in diversification of the amniotes. Ultimately, the amniotes gave rise to extant reptiles (including birds) and mammals. Finally, a discussion of taxonomy and evolutionary systematics includes summaries of analytic methods currently used in systematics.
Fomepizole as an adjunctive treatment in severe acetaminophen ingestions: a case series.

Dear Editor,In this retrospective IRB-approved case series, we describe two acetaminophen (APAP) toxic patients reported to a regional poison center who manifested arterial acidemia after fluid res...
Exploring the Millimeter Sky

In 1962, Frank Drake recruited Texas Instruments physicist Frank Low to come to Green Bank to develop bolometer receiver systems for use at millimeter wavelengths. Under Low’s leadership, NRAO contracted with the Rohr Corporation to manufacture a 36 Foot Telescope designed for use at wavelengths as short as 1 mm. To minimize the effects of tropospheric water vapor, NRAO located the telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona. Fabrication errors led to long delays, and before the 36 Foot Telescope was finished, Low left NRAO to join the University of Arizona, where he could pursue his interests in infrared astronomy. Low’s bolometers never reached the anticipated sensitivity at 1 mm, and manufacturing errors limited the performance of the 36 Foot dish. However, the unanticipated discovery of powerful 2.6 mm radio emission from interstellar carbon monoxide (CO), and later from other molecular species, led to a greatly increased interest in millimeter astronomy. Despite many technical and administrative concerns, the 36 Foot Telescope became the most oversubscribed NRAO telescope. In 1983, NRAO replaced the faulty 36 Foot dish with a more precise 12 Meter surface. Arguably, the 36 Foot/12 Meter telescope became the most productive instrument in the world for millimeter spectroscopy until it was eclipsed by more powerful facilities both in the US and abroad.
Using prosodically marked “Okays” to display epistemic stances and incongruous actions

Abstract Sequential environments are identified when core functions of “Okays”, acknowledging and accepting prior speaker's actions, are identified as unmarked utterances produced in short duration and with little or no pitch movement (e.g., “Okay.” or “‘ Kay .”). Attention is then given to how particular marked “Okays” can be identified through features such as added syllable duration, accentuation, and raised or lowered pitch onset (e.g., “O:: ka::y? ”, “↑ Ok:a::y .”, “O::↓ k(hhh)a:::y .”). Analysis focuses on how marked “Okay” usages deviate from and thus play off of core acknowledgment and acceptance. A range of incongruous social actions are examined displaying epistemic stances that prior speaker's actions are, with varying intensity, “not okay”: 1) Prefacing disagreement and adversarial opposition; 2) Aggravated repetitions resisting, yet reluctantly complying with, others' requests or commands; and 3) Responding to prior actions as odd or bizarre. Data are drawn from a large collection of “Okays” in ordinary American conversations and institutional interactions.
Neuromuscular training after concussion to improve motor and psychosocial outcomes: A feasibility trial

Abstract Objective To determine the feasibility of an 8-week neuromuscular training program initiated upon return-to-play clearance following concussion. Design Feasibility trial. Setting A single sports medicine center. Participants We approached n = 54 patients; n = 32 agreed to participate (59%). N = 27 participants returned for their second visit at return-to-play clearance (84%) and were randomized to neuromuscular training (n = 13) or standard-of-care (n = 14). Main outcome measures Participants completed three assessments: within 14 days post-concussion, immediately after return-to-play clearance, and 8-weeks following return-to-play clearance. The intervention aimed to achieve positive neuromuscular adaptations and occurred 2x/week for 8 weeks under supervision. Results N = 2 participants randomized to the intervention elected not to participate, both due to schedule conflicts (e.g., time required to meet with the study team). Participants began the intervention an average of 11 days after return-to-play clearance, the majority (91%) completed >75% of training sessions, and training sessions lasted an average of 18.2 ± 4.8 min. One participant stopped the intervention after 7 training sessions due to time availability. Conclusion It is feasible to initiate a neuromuscular training program for most athletes shortly after returning to play following concussion. Clinicians and researchers may consider this approach to mitigate the increased musculoskeletal injury risk for concussion patients returning to sports.
Secondary Flow in Cascades

~T\RIEF REPORTS of investigations in the aeronautical sciences and discussions of papers pub•*-* lished in the JO URNAL are presented in this special department. The publication will be completed approximately 8 to 10 weeks after receipt of the material. The Editoral Committee does not hold itself responsible for the opinions expressed by the correspondents. Contributions sohuld not exceed 800 words in length.
International Personal Selling: A High/Low Context Perspective

As firms continue to expand their operations abroad, the role of culture will play an increasingly important part in their business practices. For the international sales manager, sales force practices that were effective in the domestic market may be inappropriate and ineffective in new cultural environments. Knowing the customer’s needs will entail knowing the customer’s culture as well. As such, for global sales organizations, determining the degree to which the cultural environment moderates the effectiveness of personal selling practices and techniques will soon be a key ingredient for success abroad.
Ion beam irradiation effect on thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 thin films

Abstract Thermoelectric energy harvesting is a very promising application in nuclear power plants for self-maintained wireless sensors. However, the effects of intensive radiation on the performance of thermoelectric materials under relevant reactor environments such as energetic neutrons are not fully understood. In this work, radiation effects of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thermoelectric thin film samples prepared by E-beam evaporation are investigated using Ne2+ ion irradiations at different fluences of 5 × 1014, 1015, 5 × 1015 and 1016 ions/cm2 with the focus on the transport and structural properties. Electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficients and power factors are characterized as ion fluence changes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the samples are obtained to assess how phase and microstructure influence the transport properties. Carrier concentration and Hall mobility are obtained from Hall effect measurements, which provide further insight into the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient mechanisms. Positive effects of ion irradiations from Ne2+ on thermoelectric material property are observed to increase the power factor to 208% for Bi2Te3 and 337% for Sb2Te3 materials between fluence of 1 and 5 × 1015 cm2, due to the increasing of the electrical conductivity as a result of ionization radiation-enhanced crystallinity. However, under a higher fluence, 5 × 1015 cm2 in this case, the power factor starts to decrease accordingly, limiting the enhancements of thermoelectric materials properties under intensive radiation environment.
Calmodulin controls neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by a dual mechanism. Activation of intra- and interdomain electron transfer

In neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), electron transfer proceeds across domains in a linear sequence from NADPH to flavins to heme, with calmodulin (CaM) triggering the interdomain electron transfer to the heme (Abu-Soud, H. M., and Stuehr, D. J. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 10769-10772). Here, we utilized a neuronal NOS devoid of its bound heme and tetrahydrobiopterin (apo-NOS) to examine whether interdomain electron transfer is responsible for CaM's activation of NO synthesis, substrate-independent NADPH oxidation, and cytochrome c and ferricyanide reduction. Of the four activities, two (cytochrome c and ferricyanide reduction) were similarly stimulated by CaM in apo-NOS when compared with native NOS, indicating that activation occurs by a mechanism not involving flavin-to-heme electron transfer. Further analysis showed that CaM increased the rate of electron transfer from NADPH into the flavin centers by a factor of 20, revealing a direct activation of the NOS reductase domain by CaM. In contrast, CaM's activation of NO synthesis and substrate-independent NADPH oxidation appeared to involve flavin-to-heme electron transfer because these reactions were not activated in apo-NOS and were blocked in native NOS by agents that prevent heme iron reduction. Thus, CaM activates neuronal NOS at two points in the electron transfer sequence: electron transfer into the flavins and interdomain electron transfer between the flavins and heme. Activation at each point is associated with an up-regulation of domain-specific catalytic functions. The dual regulation by CaM is unique and represents a new means by which electron transfer can be controlled in a metalloflavoprotein.
Managing Contracting Complexity: A Public Values Perspective

The expansion of government contracting raises issues for public administrators responsible for outsourcing decisions and oversight. Summarizing findings from our research and existing literature, we discuss contracting in the context of values frameworks. We include the roles of constitutional and political values such as accountability, due process, transparency, equity, effectiveness, and other public values (Nabatchi 2011, Frederickson and Stazyk 2010, Bozeman 2007, Radin, 2006, Rosenbloom and Piotrowski 2005, Cooper 2002, Warner and Hefetz 2002; Frederickson 1996; Moe 1987, Rosenbloom 1983). Although government contracting offers the promise of enhanced efficiency and service effectiveness, the policies adopted to enhance these values can diminish others – typically values associated with our democratic and political priorities. In this paper, we present a conceptual analysis around questions of how such values can be compromised, how contemporary administrators try to reconcile conflicting values, and why it is important to consider the potential for the erosion of non-market values when undertaking market-based reforms such as contracting. Interview and survey data from contract administrators is used to supplement the analysis. We find that government contracting, often implemented to achieve more efficient, market-like government, can detract from other important public values. Further, the incorporation of these values into service delivery is complicated by government contracts.
Our Time: Breaking the Silence of “Don't Ask, Don't Tell.” by J. Seefried

Our Time: Breaking the Silence of “Don't Ask, Don't Tell” surpasses what many qualitative methodological studies representing a disenfranchised group aspire to do—give a voice to our subjects. Josh...
Exploring Grahpical Feedback in a Demonstrational Visual Shell

We present a visual language that serves as a novel form of feedback in a Programming by Demonstration (PBD) interface. The language explicitly represents data, such as files, with unique icons and implicitly represents operations by changes to data icons, so that operations reflect the changes seen in the interface when executed. In addition, the language is used to provide feedback to the user by indicating loops and inferred sets, specifying parameters, etc., and is integrated into other parts of the PBD system, such as the editor. This forms a close union between the interface, the PBD system and the program representation and helps bridge the gap between the user's mental model of the programming process and the actual programming task.
Role of repeat skeletal muscle biopsy: how useful is it?

Introduction: The role of skeletal muscle biopsy is established; however, to our knowledge, no study has systematically evaluated the utility of a repeat biopsy. Methods: This study was a retrospective clinicopathologic review of 66 patients (mean age 38.1 years, 39 men) with at least 1 repeat muscle biopsy obtained between February 1992 and November 2011. Clinical data determined how results of the subsequent biopsy impacted patient management. Results: Repeat biopsy yielded a definitive diagnosis in 16 of 66 patients (24%). In the remaining patients, a repeat study provided clinically useful information or directly answered the clinical question (n = 30, 45%) by excluding a differential consideration (n = 19), supporting treatment continuation (n = 8), prompting treatment change (n = 1), confirming the original diagnosis (n = 1), or establishing a likely diagnosis (n = 1). Conclusion: Repeat muscle biopsy plays a role in the evaluation of patients with suspected myopathy in certain clinical circumstances. Muscle Nerve 47: 835–839, 2013
The Meaning of 'Value' for Gift and Estate Tax Donee Limitations in Tax Code 26 U.S.C. § 6324(B): An Amicus Brief for Marshall v. Commissioner

In 1995, J. Howard Marshall II made a gift to Elaine Marshall worth some $43 million at the time of transfer. The IRS assessed gift tax against his estate, which failed to pay. In 2008 the IRS assessed gift tax of $74 million against donee Elaine Marshall, which exceeds $43 million because of the interest accumulated since 1995 but is less than the $81 million the gift would compound to at 5% per year. Does the limitation on donee liability to “the value” of the gift imposed by 26 U.S.C. § 6324(b) mean to “the original amount of the gift”, or to “the value of the gift at the time of eventual tax payment”? The appellate courts are split on this. That is the issue in Marshall v. Commissioner, which is now before the 5th Circuit. This paper is an amicus brief in that case and, I hope, a good example of how economics can inform and simplify law.
Modeling Superconformal Electrodeposition Using an Open Source PDE Solver

A critical aspect in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices is the filling of trenches and vias using metal electrodeposition. This filling process has been characterized extensively with semi-empirical mathematical and computational models, although much work is still required in order to employ less empirical models. However, these models have not been used in a predictive capacity in industry due to the time frame required for code development and experimental design and lack of available modeling software. To overcome these issues, an open source tool called FiPy [1] was developed for solving PDEs that commonly occur in materials science problems. It seeks to address the issues of coding practice and open source development by employing modern coding techniques and providing a flexible coding framework to rapidly pose, prototype, and share models of superfill and general deposition processes.
Predictors of completion of exposure therapy in OEF/OIF veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Despite large-scale dissemination and implementation efforts of evidence-based psychotherapy to veterans from Operation Enduring/Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), little is known regarding the factors that contribute to the successful completion of these treatments in this high-risk population. The present study investigated predictors of treatment completion during a standardized exposure-based psychotherapy for PTSD. Methods: Ninety-two OEF/OIF combat veterans enrolled in a randomized controlled trial for an eight session exposure-based psychotherapy for PTSD. All participants completed structured clinical interviews and several background and symptom questionnaires. Of the initial 92 participants, 28% of the sample (n = 26) discontinued treatment prior tocompletionofthetrial.Results:Predictorsofdiscontinuationoftreatmentwere assessed with a hierarchical logistic regression. Disability status was positively associated with treatment discontinuation, and postdeployment social support was negatively associated with discontinuation. In contrast to previous findings, other factors, such as age and PTSD symptomatology, were not identified as significant predictors. Conclusions: The present study suggested that disability status at the start of treatment increases the risk for treatment discontinuation whereas increased social support buffers against discontinuation. Together, these findings highlight the importance of increased assessment and early intervention when these factors are present to potentially reduce treatment discontinuation and improve treatment outcomes in OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD. Depression and Anxiety 30:1107–1113, 2013. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Interannual Variability of the Onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon and Its Association with Atmospheric Features, El Niño, and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Abstract The long-term mean date of the monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK) varies between 30 May and 2 June according to different estimates, with a standard deviation of 8–9 days. The earliest date of MOK, and the most delayed one, during the last 100 years differ by 46 days (7 May and 22 June, respectively). MOK switches on a spatially large and intense convective heat source over south Asia, lasting from June to September, whose moisture supply is made available through the cross-equatorial low-level jet stream. Superposed epoch analysis of 10 years of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data shows that MOK is a significant stage in the evolution of the OLR field in the tropics of the eastern hemisphere. At the time of MOK there is increased convection in a band about 5–10 degrees wide meridionally, extending from the south Arabian Sea to south China, and convection is suppressed all around, particularly in the western Pacific Ocean. In 1983 when MOK was delayed by about 3 pentads, OLR data showed that the ...
Incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into the fatty acyl groups of soybean root plasma membrane phospholipids

Abstract The incorporation of [ 14 C]acetate into fatty acids in a plasma membrane enriched fraction from mature soybean root ( Glycine max ) was studied by time-course experiments. Mature sections of 4-day-old dark-grown soybean roots were incubated with [1- 14 C]acetate, 1 mM sodium acetate and 50 μ/ml chloramphenicol. Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated at pH 7.8 and in the presence of 5 mM EDTA, 5 mM EGTA and 10 mM NaF. Lipid extracts analysed for phospholipid class and acyl chain composition revealed that relatively long incubation times did not alter the phospholipid composition of the plasma membrane enriched fraction. Radioactivity was incorporated into all the phospholipid classes proportional to their concentration in the membrane fraction. The distribution of 14 C within the fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine differed from the respective fatty acid compositions and changed with time. Radioactivity also appeared more rapidly in the unsaturated acyl groups of phosphatidylcholine when compared with phosphatidylethanolamine. The rate and pattern of fatty acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine differed from that for phosphatidylethanolamine.
Linguistic awareness of the translation process

Abstract This paper examines the linguistic awareness of the translation process by analyzing the self-corrections made by native subjects. Thirty (30) subjects, twenty-seven (27) of whom were native English speakers who had acquired French as a foreign language, and three (3) of whom were native French speakers who had acquired English as a foreign language, were requested to make a simultaneous interpretation of a variant of Little Red Riding Hood from English into French. The story, which was 1:14 minutes long, had previously been recorded on audio tape at a rate of 164 wpm. Subjects listened to the story through head-phones while speaking into a microphone. Immediately following the experiment, subjects were asked questions about the content of the story and about their translation strategies. Subjects were videotaped during the experiment and during the interview. The analysis of the transcripts focused on the spontaneous self-corrections made by the subjects while interpreting. The self-corrections were divided into three categories: A. Corrections of Content; B. Corrections of Grammar; C. Corrections of Style. The largest distribution of errors (55.56%:15) fell into the grammatical category and the majority of these (93.33%:14) dealt with adjustments of the masculine and feminine gender of French nouns expressed in definite articles, indefinite articles, and possessive pronouns. The self-corrections confirm previous findings by Gerver (1974) that subjects do monitor themselves while interpreting. The fact that valuable time was spent correcting grammatical points that cause no misunderstanding suggest that the foreign language teaching programs in the United States train students to strive for grammatical correctness at the cost of meaningful communication.
Parametric Instability of a Traveling Plate Partially Supported by a Laterally-Moving Foundation

The parametric excitation of an axially-moving plate is examined in an application where a partial foundation moves in the plane of the plate and in a direction orthogonal to the plate’s transport. The stability of the plate’s out-of-plane vibration is of interest in a magnetic tape data storage application where the read/write head is substantially narrower than the tape’s width, and is repositioned during track following maneuvers. In this case, the model’s equation of motion has time-dependent coefficients, and vibration is excited both parametrically and by direct forcing. The parametric instability of out-of-plane vibration is analyzed by using the Floquet theory for finite values of the foundation’s range of motion. For a relatively soft foundation, vibration is excited preferentially at the primary resonance of the plate’s fundamental torsional mode. As the foundation’s stiffness increases, multiple primary and combination resonances occur, and they dominate the plate’s stability; small islands, however, do exist within unstable zones of the frequency-amplitude parameter space for which vibration is marginally stable. The plate’s and foundation’s geometry, the foundation’s stiffness, and the excitation’s amplitude and frequency can be selected in order to reduce undesirable vibration that occurs along the plate’s free edge.Copyright © 2007 by ASME