cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of the coupled-cluster theory to atomic frequency-dependent polarizabilities

A time-dependent coupled-cluster approach may be employed to describe dynamic processes of many-electron systems. Atomic properties, such as the frequency-dependent polarizability, can be treated as a response of the system described by the coupled-cluster expansion to an external radiation field. The major difficulty in the realization of such a formalism is to deal with dynamic pair functions. The procedure reported here is to simplify the full set of single- and pair-excitation expansion equations to a subset of equations which includes polarization and relaxation effects to all orders and is solved by using a complete set of discrete basis functions. Calculations of excitation energies and frequency-dependent electric dipole polarizabilities for helium are presented. Application of the procedure to calculate photoionization cross sections is discussed.
Automated egg counting and sizing from scanned images : Rapid sample processing and large data volumes for fecundity estimates

Abstract The production of eggs in a fish population is a fundamental parameter in fisheries management and ecology. Management decisions are based largely on the abundance and composition of the spawning stock; hence it is essential to estimate the contribution of viable eggs by females of various ages, which may depend on the size and maturation schedules in females of younger ages, and the size and reproductive senescence of older ones. The level of recruitment may also be influenced by the size and quality of eggs. Egg quality can be characterised in a number of ways; however, the most useful methods are those that are efficient and widely available. Estimating potential fecundity and egg size in fish and invertebrate populations has been hindered by the processing time, toxicity, and resources required by traditional methods. We have developed an imaging-based technique that counts and measures oocytes from a gravimetric gonadal sub-sample in relatively little time and at low cost. Sub-samples were preserved in a non-toxic formulation of Gilson's solution, which offers an alternative to other preservatives commonly used in fecundity studies. The technique uses high-resolution optical scans of plated oocytes, imaging software, and user-defined object classifications to separate oocyte from ancillary material likely to be present in a processed sample. Estimates of misclassification are as low as 1% (false-negatives) in automated counts.
A novel lunar bed rest analogue.

Introduction Humans will eventually return to the Moon and thus there is a need for a ground-based analogue to enable the study of physiological adaptations to lunar gravity. An important unanswered question is whether or not living on the lunar surface will provide adequate loading of the musculoskeletal system to prevent or attenuate the bone loss that is seen in microgravity. Previous simulations have involved tilting subjects to an approximately 9.5 degrees angle to achieve a lunar gravity component parallel to the long-axis of the body. However, subjects in these earlier simulations were not weight-bearing, and thus these protocols did not provide an analogue for load on the musculoskeletal system. Methods We present a novel analogue which includes the capability to simulate standing and sitting in a lunar loading environment. A bed oriented at a 9.5 degrees angle was mounted on six linear bearings and was free to travel with one degree of freedom along rails. This allowed approximately 1/6 body weight loading of the feet during standing. "Lunar" sitting was also successfully simulated. Results A feasibility study demonstrated that the analogue was tolerated by subjects for 6 d of continuous bed rest and that the reaction forces at the feet during periods of standing were a reasonable simulation of lunar standing. During the 6 d, mean change in the volume of the quadriceps muscles was -1.6% +/- 1.7%. Discussion The proposed analogue would appear to be an acceptable simulation of lunar gravity and deserves further exploration in studies of longer duration.
Adult Children of Alcoholics: Are They at Greater Risk for Negative Health Behaviors?

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine and compare the health behaviors of adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) and their non-ACOA peers within a university population. Subjects were 980 undergraduate students from a major university in the East. Three groups (ACOA, non-ACOA, and Unsure) were identified from subjects' responses to three direct questions regarding parental drinking behaviors. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Included were questions related to demographics, parental drinking behaviors, and the College Wellness Check (WS), a health risk appraisal designed especially for college students (Dewey & Cabral, 1986). Analysis of variance procedures revealed that ACOAs had significantly lower wellness scores (WS) than non-ACOAs. Chi-square analyses of the individual variables revealed that ACOAs and non-ACOAs were significantly different on 15 of the 50 variables of the WS. A discriminant analysis procedure revealed the similarities between Unsure subjects and ACOA s...
Effects of Water Treatment on Feeding Value of Grains for Coturnix Quail

Abstract Four hundred Coturnix quail chicks were divided into 8 groups to receive diets based on Hiproly (HP), Hiproly Normal (HPN), or Compana barley or wheat widi or without water treatment. Water treatment consisted of soaking equal parts of ground grain and water for 8 hr and then drying prior to mixing the diets. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous by reducing the soybean meal in the HP and HPN diets. Water treatments did not improve growth through 6 weeks on HP and HPN diets, improved growth 6 to 7% on Compana barley through 4 weeks but depressed growth 5 to 9% on wheat diets. Twelve females were selected from each group at 6 weeks and maintained for 56 days on a layer diet corresponding to their growing diet. Water treatment improved egg production for all diets except HPN.
The quiet nighttime low-latitude ionosphere as observed by TIMED/GUVI

Abstract In this paper, we examine the nighttime ionosphere climatology structure in the low latitude region and discrepancies between Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) observations and the IRI model predictions using (1) the magnetic zonal mean of electron number density as a function of altitude and magnetic latitude, (2) vertical electron density profiles at various levels of F10.7 index, (3) nighttime descent and magnitude decrease of the ionosphere, (4) point-to-point comparisons of F-peak height (hmF2) and density (NmF2), and (5) the magnetic longitudinal variations of hmF2 and NmF2. The data collected from the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) mission since its launch in December 2001 have provided great opportunities for many scientific investigations of the ionosphere. In this analysis, we investigate the climatology of the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere under low geomagnetic activity (kp ⩽ 4) using the electron density profiles inferred from the airglow measurements obtained by the GUVI aboard the TIMED spacecraft and compared with the results obtained from IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model-2001. The observed climatology is an essential tool for further understanding the electrodynamics in the low-latitude region and improving the model’s prediction capability. The time range of the GUVI data used in this study is from 2002 (day 053) to 2006 (day 304), and the IRI model predictions were produced at every GUVI location. The ionosphere observed is generally of greater density than what IRI predicts throughout the night for all four seasons for low and moderate solar activity while the model over-predicts the electron density near the F-region peak at high solar activity before midnight. Observations show that the height of the F-region peak has a steep descent from dusk to midnight and near midnight the height of layer is insensitive to solar conditions, significantly different than what is predicted by IRI. Longitudinal features shown in GUVI data are present in the low-latitude ionosphere after sunset and continue through to midnight after which the low-latitude ionosphere is largely zonally symmetric.
Analysis of a Yeast SNARE Complex Reveals Remarkable Similarity to the Neuronal SNARE Complex and a Novel Function for the C Terminus of the SNAP-25 Homolog, Sec9

SNARE proteins represent a family of related proteins that are thought to have a central role in vesicle targeting and fusion in all eukaryotic cells. The binding properties of the neuronal proteins synaptobrevin 1 (VAMP1), syntaxin 1, SNAP-25, and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (alpha-SNAP), have been extensively studied. We report here the first biochemical characterization of a nonneuronal SNARE complex using recombinant forms of the yeast exocytic SNARE proteins Snc1, Sso1, and Sec9 and the yeast alpha-SNAP homolog, Sec17. Despite the low level of sequence identity, the association properties of the yeast and neuronal complexes are remarkably similar. The most striking difference we have found between the yeast and neuronal proteins is that individually neither of the target membrane SNAREs (t-SNAREs), Sso1 nor Sec9, show any detectable binding to the synaptobrevin homolog, Snc1. However, as a hetero-oligomeric complex, Sec9 and Sso1 show strong binding to Snc1. The clear dependence on the Sso1-Sec9 complex for t-SNARE function suggests that regulating the formation of this complex may be a key step in determining the site of vesicle fusion. In addition, we have used this in vitro assay to examine the biochemical effects of several mutations in Sec9 that result in pronounced growth defects in vivo. As expected, a temperature-sensitive mutation in the region most highly conserved between Sec9 and SNAP-25 is severely diminished in its ability to bind Sso1 and Snc1 in vitro. In contrast, a temperature-sensitive mutation near the C terminus of Sec9 shows no defect in SNARE binding in vitro. Similarly, a deletion of the C-terminal 17 residues, which is lethal in vivo, also binds Sso1 and Snc1 normally in vitro. Interestingly, we find that these same two C-terminal mutants, but not mutants that show SNARE assembly defects in vitro, act as potent dominant negative alleles when expressed behind a strong regulated promoter. Taken together these results suggest that the C-terminal domain of Sec9 is specifically required for a novel interaction that is required at a step following SNARE assembly.
Ion and Electron Imaging Study of Isobutanal Photoionization Dynamics

We present a detailed photoion and photoelectron imaging study of isobutanal cation dynamics. The 2 + 1 REMPI spectrum via the (n,3s) Rydberg transition was recorded and analyzed under both cold and warm beam conditions in an effort to identify the predicted trans conformer. Photoelectron imaging was used to establish the ion energetics accurately and to aid in the assignment of the REMPI spectra. On the basis of the photoelectron spectra and ab initio calculations, a peak at 54336.8 cm(-1) is assigned to the trans conformer. We have also assigned the photoelectron spectra and identified some hot band transitions not reported in previous work. We determined the adiabatic ionization energy to be 9.738 eV. We also studied the photodissociation dynamics of isobutanal cations leading to several product channels, but no evidence of vibrational mode or conformational isomer dependence on either the product branching or dynamics was seen for this system.
101. Molecular Mechanism Responsible for High Level Transgene Expression in Murine and Nonhuman Primate Liver with the Second Generation of Novel AAV Serotype Vectors

AAV vectors are being considered for in vivo application of gene therapy in the treatment of a variety of disorders. This study evaluates the biology of second generation vectors based on the novel serotypes AAV7 and 8 containing self-complimentary (sc) genomes in both murine nonhuman primate livers. Superior murine liver transduction by sc over the traditional single stranded (ss) vector genomes was confirmed for all serotypes examined. Stable levels of transgene expression were achieved in cynomolgus macaques with efficiencies at least 2 logs higher than what was achieved with AAV2 vectors using ss genomes. In an attempt to understand molecular mechanisms responsible for the higher level gene transfer, we performed a series of detailed molecular studies of the vector genomes. This included treatment with exonuclease with specific substrate preferences, single cutter restriction enzyme digestion mediated and locus specific hybridization based vector genome mapping, bacteriophage Phi29 DNA polymerase mediated double stranded circular template specific isothermal rolling circle linear amplification for rescue, cloning and characterization of persisted circular genomes, and differential quantification of different populations of vector genomes by real time PCR. Our data indicated that the higher level of transgene expression achieved with the sc vectors was due to both increased numbers of persisting genomes and increased activity of these genomes. Study of the molecular dynamics of vector genome processing in murine liver revealed that both ss and sc vectors persisted as episomal circular forms but sc vectors were more quickly and more efficiently converted into circular forms. The structure and formation of concatemers were similar with the types of genomes. The molecular structures of AAV genomes in macaques were more heterogeneous consisting of primarily circular monomer and concatemers in different configurations, and some unexpected molecular entities. More extensive rearrangements and deletions were observed in macaque than in mouse. It will be useful to further understand differences in the molecular processing of AAV genomes in mice and macaques as human applications are being considered.
Minimized morphological skeleton based on structuring-element shape analysis

The digital morphological skeleton representation provides a means of improving lossless coding in a communication system. This is due to the observation that the entropy of a morphological skeleton is less than its original image. One way to improve coding efficiency is to minimize the morphological skeleton representation by choosing a more appropriate structuring element. For an image with consistent shape distribution such as a texture pattern, a more efficient and useful skeleton representation is expected. Analysis of simulated and natural image patterns show the activated points in a morphological skeleton to range between 30 and 327 points using different structuring elements. A procedure is proposed which allows for the selection of a more effective structuring element from a basis set of structuring elements. The decision process is based on the minimum-distance measurement in a multiprototype pattern classification. The structuring element for morphological skeletonization is from the closest match between the chain code edge vector and the basis set of structuring elements. The proposed procedure represents an organized means for choosing a more meaningful structuring element for morphological analysis. It is shown that a significant reduction in the number of required activated skeleton points will result for morphological skeletonization.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Approximation properties of a multilayered feedforward artificial neural network

We prove that an artificial neural network with multiple hidden layers and akth-order sigmoidal response function can be used to approximate any continuous function on any compact subset of a Euclidean space so as to achieve the Jackson rate of approximation. Moreover, if the function to be approximated has an analytic extension, then a nearly geometric rate of approximation can be achieved. We also discuss the problem of approximation of a compact subset of a Euclidean space with such networks with a classical sigmoidal response function.
Concomitant delineation of surface Ig, B‐cell differentiation antigens, and HLADR on lymphoid proliferations using three‐color immunocytometry

Accurate and consistent enumeration of B-cell subpopulations in lymphoid tissue was achieved through multiparameter three-color immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis (FCM). Phycoerythrin (PE)-anti-CD19 (Leu12) and biotinylated anti-HLADr/streptavidin-Duochrome® (PE/Texas Red), used in conjunction with polyclonal fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated anti-surface immunoglobulin (SIg) antibodies, effectively separated non-specific binding and background fluorescence from true B-cell surface FITC immunofluorescence, while concomitantly analyzing for HLADr and CD19 phenotypic expression/deletion. Autofluorescence was measured to establish a fluorescence threshold. A second control measured non-specific binding of isotypic control mouse Ig and non-immune rabbit IgG. Cell suspensions from 128 samples of various lymphoid proliferations were studied. In 116 of the 128 samples, kappa/lambda ratios determined by flow cytometry correlated well with immunocytology results obtained using cytospins from the same cell suspension and with histopathologically established diagnosis. Clonality and lineage as defined immunotypically by flow cytometry was concordant with genotypic results in 64 of the 67 cases evaluated. SIg, HLADr, and CD19 deletions were demonstrated by flow cytometry in 8, 4, and 1 case(s), respectively. Discordance was usually attributable to selective loss of large neoplastic cells in flow cytometry specimens or absent expression of SIg by some cytoplasmic Ig (CIg+) lymphomas.
Operations and management of a campus packet network

The operation and management of the Kansas University Packet Switch Network (KUPSN),which provides interactive and file transfer services to its users, is discussed, focussing on the problems encountered and solutions developed. Areas of network management of particular concern are identified, and tools developed to deal with them are described. Management system integration and the evolution of problem-handling procedures are discussed. >
The orientation dependence of fatigue-crack growth in 8090 Al-Li plate

A series of fatigue-crack growth rate (FCGR) tests was carried out on 8090 Al-Li plate to examine the effects of specimen orientation on fatigue-crack growth. The directionality of fatigue fracture behavior is found to be related to the strong {110}〈112〉 texture in this alloy. Based on a previously developed transgranular FCGR model using restricted slip reversibility (RSR) concepts, [1] a mechanistic model is developed for transgranular fatigue-crack growth in highly textured materials. The model takes the form of the Paris relationship with a power law exponent of 3, and the material texture is shown to strongly influence the proportional factor. The effect of texture on FCGR is related through a geometric factor cos2 ϕ, where ϕ defines the angle between the load axis and the normal of the favorable slip plane. The effect of specimen orientation on FCGR in 8090 Al-Li alloy is shown to be related to a combination of its anisotropic mechanical properties and the variation of angleϕ with specimen orientation. The model further predicts that fatigue-crack growth rates will be slower in many textured materials than texturefree materials becauseϕ > 0 and cos2 ϕ < 1.
Mechanistic Diversity in DNA Site Discrimination by Structurally Homologous ETS-Family Transcription Factors

Eukaryotic transcription factors are characterized by large families that share structurally homologous DNA-binding domains and similar DNA site preferences. The molecular mechanism by which these functionally non-interchangeable homologs achieve specificity remains poorly known. The ETS-family of transcription factors represent an excellent model system that embodies this “specificity conundrum.” The 28 human ETS paralogs share a structurally conserved DNA-binding domain (known as the ETS domain) and recognize sites harboring a central 5'-GGAA/T-3' consensus. Although ETS domains are highly conserved structurally, they share low amino acid homology. We hypothesize that this apparent sequence space encodes divergent physicochemical properties that confers specificity to site discrimination at the protein-DNA level. We compared the solution properties of site discrimination by the ETS domains of PU.1 and Ets-1, two highly structurally conserved by sequence-divergent proteins. The proteins exhibit profound differences in interfacial hydration: whereas Ets-1 is weakly sensitive to perturbation in water activity, PU.1 is strongly destabilized by osmotic stress. The contrasting thermodynamics and kinetics of site recognition by PU.1 and Ets-1 indicate significant differences in their mechanisms of selectivity. Specifically, PU.1 extensively integrates structural water into high-affinity binding, a feature that renders site specificity by PU.1 highly sensitive to the solution osmotic status. PU.1 is expressed only in immune and closely-related cell lineages, all of which develop and function in osmotically variable environments. PU.1 and Ets-1 direct distinct responses in cells in which they are co-expressed. The strong sensitivity to osmotic stress in sequence discrimination by which PU.1 may represent a mechanism by which it functions distinctly from other ETS members such as Ets-1 in cells that must adapt to physiological osmotic stress.
Dissecting Human Gene Functions Regulating Islet Development With Targeted Gene Transduction

During pancreas development, endocrine precursors and their progeny differentiate, migrate, and cluster to form nascent islets. The transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) is required for islet development in mice, but its role in these dynamic morphogenetic steps has been inferred from fixed tissues. Moreover, little is known about the molecular genetic functions of NEUROG3 in human islet development. We developed methods for gene transduction by viral microinjection in the epithelium of cultured Neurog3-null mutant fetal pancreas, permitting genetic complementation in a developmentally relevant context. In addition, we developed methods for quantitative assessment of live-cell phenotypes in single developing islet cells. Delivery of wild-type NEUROG3 rescued islet differentiation, morphogenesis, and live cell deformation, whereas the patient-derived NEUROG3R107S allele partially restored indicators of islet development. NEUROG3P39X, a previously unreported patient allele, failed to restore islet differentiation or morphogenesis and was indistinguishable from negative controls, suggesting that it is a null mutation. Our systems also permitted genetic suppression analysis and revealed that targets of NEUROG3, including NEUROD1 and RFX6, can partially restore islet development in Neurog3-null mutant mouse pancreata. Thus, advances described here permitted unprecedented assessment of gene functions in regulating crucial dynamic aspects of islet development in the fetal pancreas.
TU-A-220-03: Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging of Human Posterior Tibial Tendon

Purpose: Develop, validate and apply noninvasive ultrasoundelasticityimaging (UEI) of the human posterior tibial tendon (PTT) as a potential tool to diagnose different stages of PTT disorders and guide treatment of PTT dysfunction in the clinic.Methods: We have developed ex vivo and in vivo platforms to develop UEI of the PTT. Healthy PTTs from four cadaveric feet were dissected at the proximal end and attached to a materials testingsystem (MTS) for controlled force/stroke production and measurement. Longitudinal ultrasoundimages of the tendon were collected at 80 Hz using a 14 MHz clinical ultrasound probe and scanner (Zonare MedicalSystems) during force production up to 60 kg. Displacement maps between successive ultrasound frames were obtained using 2D phase sensitive cross—correlation tracking. Mechanical properties of each tendon were estimated from both MTS and ultrasound measurements. This system complements our in vivo platform for UEI of the human PTT. Results: In the ultrasound movies, the PTT can be easily distinguished from superficial soft tissue and malleolus. Young's modulus of PTT was found to be similar across specimens and range of loads tested. The average Young's modulus was found to be 0.24 ± 0.05 GPa for the MTS and 0.62 ± 0.15 GPa for the ultrasound measurements. This difference was expected because the MTS measurement included properties of support material in series with the tendon. We have also extended our platform for in vivo and noninvasive ultrasound strain imaging of the PTT in human volunteers. Initial results suggest that this approach is a potentially powerful tool to diagnose and identify stages of PTTD for helping determine optimal treatment strategies. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using ultrasound to noninvasively track mechanical properties of the PTT. Further studies are needed to compare the elastic properties of diseased versus healthy tendon. Department of Radiology, University of Arizona; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona.
The influence of shape and material anisotropy on the vibrational modes of free particles

The influence of specimen geometry and material anisotropy on the vibrational modes of free-standing particles is investigated using a variational method applied to the traction-free vibration of elastic solids. The geometric shapes of spheres, cubes, and pyramids with both isotropic and cubic material symmetry are explored for a variety of compounds. It is shown that the shape and inclusion of anisotropy in the elastic stiffness tensor are both critical parameters in the frequency spectra, and that these features must be modeled for an accurate representation of both free and embedded particles.
Resting and arecoline‐stimulated brain metabolism and signaling involving arachidonic acid are altered in the cyclooxygenase‐2 knockout mouse

Abstract Studies were performed to determine if cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 regulates muscarinic receptor-initiated signaling involving brain phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation and arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6) release. AA incorporation coefficients, k* (brain [1-14C]AA radioactivity/integrated plasma radioactivity), representing this signaling, were measured following the intravenous injection of [1-14C]AA using quantitative autoradiography, in each of 81 brain regions in unanesthetized COX-2 knockout (COX-2(-/-)) and wild-type (COX-2(+/+)) mice. Mice were administered arecoline (30 mg/kg i.p.), a non-specific muscarinic receptor agonist, or saline i.p. (baseline control). At baseline, COX-2(-/-) compared with COX-2(+/+) mice had widespread and significant elevations of k*. Arecoline increased k* significantly in COX-2(+/+) mice compared with saline controls in 72 of 81 brain regions, but had no significant effect on k* in any region in COX-2(-/-) mice. These findings, when related to net incorporation rates of AA from brain into plasma, demonstrate enhanced baseline brain metabolic loss of AA in COX-2(-/-) compared with COX-2(+/+) mice, and an absence of a normal k* response to muscarinic receptor activation. This response likely reflects selective COX-2-mediated conversion of PLA2-released AA to prostanoids.
If It Takes Two to Tango, Then Why Not Teach Both Partners to Dance? Collaboration Instruction for All Educators

Being able to collaborate effectively is important for teachers who work together to serve students with learning disabilities in general education classrooms. Effective collaboration requires that teachers have knowledge and skills in how to effectively communicate and share their technical expertise for the purpose of solving classroom problems and providing continuity across instructional settings. Although both special education and general education preparation programs provide preservice teachers with the technical expertise for their respective areas of certification, few programs provide both special education and general education majors with instruction in interpersonal communication skills and collaboration strategies. The purpose of this article is to suggest guidelines and strategies to help teacher preparation programs move toward collaboration instruction for all educators. Suggestions for what to teach and how to teach it are offered, as well as an overview of factors that influence the implementation of collaboration instruction for all educators.
Relation between Leisure and Career Development of College Students

Abstract This study investigated the relation between leisure and career development. Data were collected from college freshmen enrolled in required orientation classes (N= 239) at a midwestern state university. Results indicated that students who perceived themselves as effective, competent and in control of their leisure possessed a clearer picture of their occupational goals, interests, and talents. Furthermore, students who were more committed to the leisure role displayed more highly developed attitudes toward exploring the world-of-work as well as greater competence for career decision making.
Recurrent small cell lung cancer presenting as bilateral adnexal masses.

Background. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) carries a very poor prognosis, although recent advances in chemotherapy have produced some long-term survivors. Despite this, recurrences are common, and these patients require a high level of surveillance. Given that the female gender is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with SCLC and that more women are becoming lung cancer survivors, it is important to consider sites of metastasis that are restricted to women. Case. This is a presentation of a 42-year old previously diagnosed with SCLC who presented with an isolated recurrence of SCLC in the ovaries. This is a case report of an isolated recurrence of SCLC in the ovaries with a review of the literature. Conclusion. Although systemic relapses and recurrences often occur in these patients, isolated metastasis such as this can occur and should be considered in female patients with a history of small cell lung cancer.
Kinetics and gas-surface dynamics of GaN homoepitaxial growth using NH3-seeded supersonic molecular beams

Abstract The kinetics of homoepitaxial growth of GaN thin films on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown GaN(0 0 0 1)/AlN/6H-SiC substrates was probed using NH3-seeded supersonic molecular beams. NH3 was seeded in H2 and He and antiseeded in N2 and Ar in order to obtain incident kinetic energies of 0.08–1.8 eV. Nozzle temperatures of 35–600 °C were used to adjust the NH3 internal energy. Intense NH3 beams (fluxes >2×10 15 cm −2 s −1 at the substrate) are produced for low seeding percentages (
From funeral to christening: OPAC rites of passage

This article depicts how the Baylor libraries staged two cost‐effective celebrations to address challenges of migrating to a new online catalog. A New Orleans‐style funeral provided a humorous backdrop for library staff to relive the tragedies and successes of the old system as it was laid to rest. Several months later, a christening brought together a significant segment of the campus community to launch the new OPAC. By these rites of passage, library employees entertained and educated campus administrators, faculty, students, and community patrons. Through teamwork, a little humor, and sound fiscal management, the libraries turned an online system migration into a public relations triumph.
Economic Considerations of Commercial Tokamak Options

Systems studies have been performed to assess commercial tokamak options. Superconducting, as well as normal, magnet coils in either first or second stability regimes have been considered. A spherical torus (ST), as well as an elongated tokamak (ET), is included in this study. The cost of electricity (COE) is selected as the figure of merit, and beta and first-wall neutron wall loads are selected to represent the physics and technology characteristics of various options. The result indicates that the COE of an ET or ST device operating with the same technology requirement (wall load) as a superconducting magnet tokamak is about the same as the COE of a superconducting magnet tokamak in the second stability regime. Therefore, a device like ST or ET appears more attractive in ratings lower than 1200 MW(electric).
Angular distributions and polarization fractions of helium resonance radiation /n 1P-1 1S/ in the extreme ultraviolet

Angular intensity distributions of helium (n 1P - 1 1S) resonance photons with respect to the exciting electron beam are presented. The angular intensity distributions were measured at selected electron impact energies from 25 eV (near threshold) to 150 eV. Polarization fractions (Pi) were obtained by analyzing the data in terms of the theoretical relation between angular intensity distribution and Pi, i.e. Iota (theta) = Iota (90) (1 - Pi sq cos theta). The experimental values for Pi are compared with recent theoretical results and with previous experimental values for the (3 1P - 2 1S) transition.
Principles of gyrotron powered electromagnetic wigglers for free-electron lasers

The operation of free-electron lasers (FEL's) with axial electron beams and high-power electromagnetic wiggler fields such as those produced by high-power gyrotrons is discussed. The use of short wavelength electromagnetic wigglers in waveguides and resonant cavities can significantly reduce required electron beam voltages, resulting in compact FEL's. Gain calculations in the low- and high-gain Compton regime are presented, including the effects of emittance, transverse wiggler gradient, and electron temperature. Optimized scaling laws for the FEL gain and the required electromagnetic wiggler field power are discussed. Several possible configurations for FEL's with electro-magnetic wigglers powered by millimeter wavelength gyrotrons are presented. Gyrotron powered wigglers appear promising for operation of compact FEL's in the infrared regime using moderate energy (<10 MeV) electron beams.
Wavelet-based multiscale anisotropic diffusion for MR imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired with a high temporal resolution or high spatial resolution are usually with a penalty of low signal to noise ratio (SNR). It is necessary to remove the noise artifacts with important image features such as edges preserved. In this paper, we propose to use the improved wavelet-based multiscale anisotropic diffusion algorithm for MR imaging. Experimental results demonstrate that this denoising algorithm can significantly improve the SNR for MR images while preserving edges with good visual quality. The denoising results indicate that in MR imaging applications, we can almost doubly improve the temporal resolution or improve the spatial resolution while achieving high SNR and acceptable image quality.
Thin-layer chromatography for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.

Thin layer chromatography was used to analyze glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides obtained through the use of polysaccharide lyases. This method allows for the rapid, semi-quantitative analysis of a wide variety of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.
The Dialectics of Closure in Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita

Imagine that you, for example, begin to rule, to be in charge of both others and yourself ... and suddenly you get ... heh-heh ... lung cancer ... and your rule is finished! No one's fate interests you any more but your own. Your kinfolk begin lying to you. Sensing that something is wrong, you rush to see learned physicians, then quacks, perhaps even fortune-tellers.... But it all ends tragically: he who not long before had assumed he was in charge of something turns out to be suddenly lying motionless (vdrug lezhashchim nepodvizhno) in a wooden box, and those surrounding him, understanding that there's no more use to be gotten out of the one lying there (tolku ot lezhashchego net), burn him up in an oven (szhigaiut ego v pechi).'
Assessing the size, stability, and utility of isotropically tumbling bicelle systems for structural biology.

Abstract Aqueous phospholipid mixtures that form bilayered micelles (bicelles) have gained wide use by molecular biophysicists during the past 20 years for spectroscopic studies of membrane-bound peptides and structural refinement of soluble protein structures. Nonetheless, the utility of bicelle systems may be compromised by considerations of cost, chemical stability, and preservation of the bicelle aggregate organization under a broad range of temperature, concentration, pH, and ionic strength conditions. In the current work, 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to monitor the size and morphology of isotropically tumbling small bicelles formed by mixtures of 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) or 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DIOMPC) with either 1,2-dihexanoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) or 1,2-di-O-hexyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DIOHPC), testing their tolerance of variations in commonly used experimental conditions. 1 H- 15 N 2D NMR has been used to demonstrate the usefulness of the robust DMPC–DIOHPC system for conformational studies of a fatty acid-binding protein that shuttles small ligands to and from biological membranes.
353 FACTORS INFLUENCING TOLAZOLINE (Tz) DISPOSITION IN NEONATES

Tz pharmacokinetics were studied in 17 neonates (gestational age (GA) 29-42 weeks; ≤. 34 weeks, n=7) with persistent fetal circulation. Therapy was initiated with 2 mg/kg I.V. loading dose followed by 1 mg/kg/hr I.V. infusion which was increased up to 4 mg/kg/hr based on clinical response. Serial blood samples were obtained post loading dose, during infusion and for 24 hours following termination of infusion. Urine for determination of Tz and creatinine clearance (CrCl) was obtained following attainment of steady-state on the Tz infusion. Tz concentrations were determined by HPLC. The mean ± SD half life (T½), total clearance (Cl), renal clearance (Cl-Ren) and distribution volume (Vd) were 5.9 ± 2.8 hr, 155.3 ± 66.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, 125.5 ± 69.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 3.0 ± 1.0 1/kg, respectively. A significant difference (p 34 weeks GA was observed for Cl, Cl-Ren and T½. Tz Cl and Cl-Ren were found to increase exponentially as a function of GA (Cl vs. GA, Y = 0.08e0.14x, r = 0.83; Cl-Ren vs. GA, Y = 0.03 e0.16x, r=0.81). These parameters were also observed to be significantly correlated to CrCl (Cl vs. CrCl, Y = 6.1X + 1.7, r = 0.87; Cl-Ren vs. CrCl, Y = 5.2X + 0.43, r = 0.89). These results indicate that Tz in neonates is primarily excreted renally by tubular secretion. Tz dosage should be based on the neonate's gestational age and renal function.
Identification of individuals with ADHD using the dean–woodcock sensory motor battery and a boosted tree algorithm

The accurate and early identification of individuals with pervasive conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is crucial to ensuring that they receive appropriate and timely assistance and treatment. Heretofore, identification of such individuals has proven somewhat difficult, typically involving clinical decision making based on descriptions and observations of behavior, in conjunction with the administration of cognitive assessments. The present study reports on the use of a sensory motor battery in conjunction with a recursive partitioning computer algorithm, boosted trees, to develop a prediction heuristic for identifying individuals with ADHD. Results of the study demonstrate that this method is able to do so with accuracy rates of over 95 %, much higher than the popular logistic regression model against which it was compared. Implications of these results for practice are provided.
Facility location and multi-modality mass dispensing strategies and emergency response for biodefence and infectious disease outbreaks

Mass dispensing for medical prophylaxis and treatment of the general population requires rapid establishment of a network of dispensing sites and health facilities that are flexible, scalable and sustainable. In this article, we describe a systems approach to analyse mass dispensing of countermeasures, and present a set of powerful modelling and computational tools to assist in strategic and operational planning. Facility location models are used to determine the number of dispensing sites required. Our models account for variable population densities, the maximum distance individuals should have to travel, the types of private and public facilities available and the availability of critical staff to man the point-of-dispensing facilities (PODs). Large-scale simulation is employed to model the stochastic service and dynamic flow behaviour within PODs; and optimisation is interwoven to determine appropriate staffing levels for efficient operations logistics. A cost?effective mass dispensing network for anthrax prophylaxis involving a metropolitan area with over 5 million people is presented. The study reveals that: (1) the sharing of labour resources across counties and districts is important; (2) the most cost?effective dispensing plan across a region involves a multi-modality strategy, consisting of a combination of drive-through, walk-through and closed PODs, each operating at a throughput rate depending on the surrounding population density, facility type and labour availability; (3) the optimal combination of POD modalities changes according to various facility capacity restrictions, as well as the availability of critical public health personnel; (4) an increase in the number of PODs in operation does not necessarily increase the total number of core public health personnel needed; (5) optimal staffing is non-linear with respect to throughput; thus, the optimal staffing and throughput cannot simply be estimated using an average estimate; (6) there exists an 'optimal' capacity for each POD location, depending on the population, that provides the most effective staffing needs. The study also reveals that such computationally sophisticated decision support tools are invaluable to emergency managers. The tools provide flexibility to quickly analyse design strategies and decisions, and can generate a feasible regional dispensing plan based on the best estimates and analysis available, and then allow for reconfiguration of various PODs as the event unfolds. The type of disaster being confronted (e.g. biological attack, infectious disease outbreak or natural disaster) also dictates different design considerations with respect to the dispensing clinic, facility locations, dispensing and backup strategies, and level of security protection.
Conduction behavior of doped polyaniline films at high current density regime

The conduction behavior at high current density at room temperature and above of polyaniline (PANI) films doped with HCl and camphor sulfonic acid (HCSA), respectively, is reported. It is found that the current density deviates strongly from the linear relation with the electric field in high current density region, and a saturation of the current density is observed. The maximum current density Jm seems to be proportional to the conductivity of the sample and hence, for PANI doped with HCl, Jm is about 200 A/cm2, whereas for HCSA doped samples, Jm can reach more than 1,200 A/cm2. The saturation of current density is interpreted as being caused by space charge accumulation at the insulating barrier regions and a dedoping effect in the conduction domains due to the detraping of the ions under high fields. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2845–2850, 1999
Factors associated with career longevity in residency-trained emergency physicians.

Study objective: To test the hypothesis that residency-trained emergency physicians who left the practice of emergency medicine do not differ significantly from those who continue to practice. Design: A retrospective cohort study using a mailed questionnaire. Type of participants: Eight hundred fifty-eight emergency medicine residency graduates from 1978 through 1982. Methods: A mailed questionnaire was used to obtain data from the study population. Individuals who did not respond to the first mailing were sent a second survey six weeks later. A sample of 10% of nonrespondents was contacted by telephone and compared with respondents on five variables. Respondents were divided into physicians who continued to practice emergency medicine and those who had elected to leave the specialty. The variables used to compare the two groups included personal and professional demographics, career satisfaction, and satisfaction with training. χ 2 , Fisher's exact t -test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data with an a priori level of significance set at .05. Measurements and main results: There were 539 complete responses for a response rate of 62.8%. No statistical differences between responders and nonresponders were identified. The ten-year survival rate of respondents was 84.9%. Those who left emergency medicine were less likely to be board certified in emergency medicine ( P P = .001), were less likely to work with residents during their emergency medicine practice ( P = .009), and were more likely to report an annual gross income of less than $100,000 per year ( P P = .001). There was no difference in satisfaction with the quality of emergency medicine residency training ( P = .183). Conclusion: Career longevity of residency-trained emergency physicians has been greater than early predictions. Interactions with residents, higher income, satisfaction with training decision, and board certification in emergency medicine are variables associated with a higher retention rate.
The road map to oral bioavailability: an industrial perspective

Optimisation of oral bioavailability is a continuing challenge for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The number of potential drug candidates requiring invivo evaluation has significantly increased with the advent of combinatorial chemistry. In addition, drug discovery programmes are increasingly forced into more lipophilic and lower solubility chemical space. To aid in the use of invitro and insilico tools as well as reduce the number of invivo studies required, a team-based discussion tool is proposed that provides a road map to guide the selection of profiling assays that should be considered when optimising oral bioavailability. This road map divides the factors that contribute to poor oral bioavailability into two interrelated categories: absorption and metabolism. This road map provides an interface for cross discipline discussions and a systematic approach to the experimentation that drives the drug discovery process towards a common goal acceptable oral bioavailability using minimal ...
Cell wall β-d-glucans of five grass species

Abstract Structural features of noncellulosic β- d -glucans of Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum vulgare, Secale cereale , and Sorghum bicolor were compared. Treatment of cell walls derived from these species with specific Bacillus subtilis or Rhizopus glucanases yields virtually identical profiles upon Bio-Gel P-2 fractionation of the liberated oligosaccharides. The two predominant reaction products, a trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide, were identified as 3- O -β-cellobiosyl- d -glucose and 3- O -β-cellotriosyl- d -glucose respectively by virtue of the specificity of these enzymes and by paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The similarity of the reaction product profiles indicates a rather regular repeating sequence in all β- d -glucans examined. The ratios of 3- O -β-cellobiosyl- d -glucose to 3- O -β-cellotriosyl- d -glucose indicates that 30.4–30.9% of the β-glucosyl linkages in the intact molecule are 1 → 3. The yields of wall glucan as estimated from the quantity of oligosaccharides released, range from 41 μg/mg wall in Hordeum to 97 μg/mg wall from Sorghum .