cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central mucoepidermoid tumors of the jaws. Review of the literature and case report.

Nine well-documented cases of central mucoepidermoid tumors of the jaws, including one new case report, are reviewed. Eight of the tumors arose in the posterior portion of the mandible and one in the maxilla. The central mucoepidermoid tumor apparently has a rapid onset, usually producing symptoms in less than a year, and is locally aggressive but does not metastasize readily. The lesion is characterized by a cystic or multilocular radiolucency often accompanied by swelling or expansion of the alveolar cortical plate. A wide surgical excision offers a good prognosis.
Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands

In the northeast Caribbean, doldrum-like conditions combined with elevated water temperatures in the summer/fall 2005 created the most severe coral bleaching event ever documented within this region. Video monitoring of 100 randomly chosen, permanent transects at five study sites in the US Virgin Islands revealed over 90% of the scleractinian coral cover showed signs of thermal stress by paling or becoming completely white. Lower water temperatures in October allowed some re-coloring of corals; however, a subsequent unprecedented regional outbreak of coral disease affected all sites. Five known diseases or syndromes were recorded; however, most lesions showed signs similar to white plague. Nineteen scleractinian species were affected by disease, with >90% of the disease-induced lesions occurring on the genus Montastraea. The disease outbreak peaked several months after the onset of bleaching at all sites but did not occur at the same time. The mean number of disease-induced lesions increased 51-fold and the mean area of disease-associated mortality increased 13-fold when compared with pre-bleaching disease levels. In the 12 months following the onset of bleaching, coral cover declined at all sites (average loss: 51.5%, range: 42.4–61.8%) reducing the five-site average from 21.4% before bleaching to 10.3% with most mortality caused by white plague disease, not bleaching. Continued losses through October 2007 reduced the average coral cover of the five sites to 8.3% (average 2-year loss: 61.1%, range: 53.0–79.3%). Mean cover by M. annularis (complex) decreased 51%, Colpophyllia natans 78% and Agaricia agaricites 87%. Isolated disease outbreaks have been documented before in the Virgin Islands, but never as widespread or devastating as the one that occurred after the 2005 Caribbean coral-bleaching event. This study provides insight into the effects of continued seawater warming and subsequent coral bleaching events in the Caribbean and highlights the need to understand links between coral bleaching and disease.
The application of flow microcalorimetry to the study of enzyme kinetics

Abstract The use of flow microcalorimetry to measure velocities for enzyme-catalyzed reactions is described. Studies are presented involving the enzymes chymotrypsin, trypsin, and ribonuclease A. In determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters, V m and K m , for these systems complications arise due to substrate depletion and product inhibition. By employing an integrated Michaelis-Menten equation, V m and K m can be determined.
Novel compounds producing a photochromic spiropyran on heating

Abstract The synthesis and properties of merocyanine–pyrrole adducts, which are irreversible and quantitatively reverted to the original photochromic spiropyran and pyrrole by a thermal reaction, are described. The merocyanine–pyrrole adducts were synthesized by the reaction of 1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] derivatives with 1-pyrrolylpotassium in THF at room temperature. Though, these compounds are amorphous solids and stable at room temperature, by partial heating at 130°C in a polymer matrix film, they quantitatively decomposed to the original spiropyran remaining in the matrix such as the polymer film and to pyrrole missing from the matrix due to the vaporization. Therefore, photochromic patterns will be formed in the polymer film.
THE PATHOGENIC ROLE OF FIBRIN DEPOSITION IN THE GLOMERULAR LESIONS OF TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY

An immunofluorescent study of renal biopsies from patients with toxemia of pregnancy has been performed. It was found that the glomeruli consistently showed bright staining for fibrin within endothelial cells, as well as occasional deposits along the basement membrane. Gamma globulin was only occasionally demonstrable, generally in the form of irregular deposits along the basement membrane. β1C was absent and albumin was not seen in glomeruli, except sometimes in the form of droplets within epithelial cells. In biopsies from pregnant patients without toxemia only equivocal staining for fibrin was seen. On the basis of these observations and other evidence discussed, it is proposed that the accumulation of fibrin in glomeruli reflects a prolonged state of intravascular clotting in toxemia and that the arrest in glomeruli of some form of circulating fibrin constitutes the basic pathogenic mechanism of the glomerular damage in this disease.
CONCERNING THE TWO REACTION CHANNELS FOR THE SOLVOLYSES OF ETHYL CHLOROFORMATE AND ETHYL CHLOROTHIOFORMATE

The extended (two-term) Grunwald−Winstein equation has been applied to the solvolyses of ethyl chloroformate and ethyl chlorothioformate. For each substrate, there is evidence for two competing rea...
Ionic basis of currents in somatic embryos of Daucus carota.

A vibrating probe was used to measure extracellular electrical currents around developing somatic embryos in two lines (RCC27, RCC48) of cultured cells of Daucus carota L. at the heart and torpedo stages. At pH 5.5, an inward current of 1.2±0.1 μA·cm-2 (n=23) was detected at the cotyledon, and an outward current of 1.0±0.1 μA·cm-2 (n=22) was found at the radicle in torpedostage embryos from the RCC27 line. At a pH of 5.75 the currents increased by 0.2–0.3 μA·cm-2 (n=60–62). In a few cases an additional small inward current was detected at the tip of the radicle in toepedo-stage embryos from RCC27 line. Such an inward current at the radicle seemed to appear earlier, some time after the heart stage, in embryos from the RCC48 line. Both extracellular pH measurements (using microelectrodes filled with ion-sensitive resin) and ion-substitution studies were carried out in order to ascertain the ionic composition of the currents in torpedo-stage embryos from the RCC27 line. Regions adjacent to the cotyledon and radicle, at the points of current entry and exit, were found to be more acidic by 0.02±0.01 (n=14) and 0.07±0.01 (n=12) pH units, respectively, than the bulk medium. Removal of K+ from the medium reversibly reduced the currents to about 25% of their original value at both cotyledon and radicle. Deletion of Cl- decreased the currents slightly. Removal of Ca2+ resulted in a rapid doubling of currents. Addition of either N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or tetraethyl ammonium chloride substantially reduced overall currents, and their removal resulted in partial recovery of the currents. It is suggested that the inward current at the cotyledon is comprised largely of K+ influx and the outward current at the radicle is mainly the result of active H+ efflux.
Spectroscopic and structural investigations of α-, β-, and γ-AlH3 phases

With its reputation as a high-energy density fuel, aluminum hydride (AlH3) has received renewed attention as a material that is particularly suitable, not only for hydrogen storage but also for rocket propulsion. While the various phases of AlH3 have been investigated theoretically, there is a shortage of experimental studies corroborating the theoretical findings. In response to this, we present here an investigation of these compounds based primarily on two research areas in which there is the greatest scarcity of information in the literature, namely Raman and infrared (IR) absorption analysis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of experimental far-IR absorption results on these compounds. Two different samples prepared by broadly similar ethereal reactions of AlCl3 with LiAlH4 were analyzed. Both Raman and IR absorption measurements indicate that one sample is purely γ-AlH3 and that the other is a mixture of α-, β-, and γ-AlH3 phases. X-ray diffraction confirms the spectroscopic findings, most notably for the β-AlH3 phase, for which optical spectroscopic data are reported here for the first time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limitations of the Theory of Complex Spectra

The theory of two-electron systems is extended to include ${d}^{9}p$ and ${d}^{9}d$, and comparison is made with experimental data for the $3{d}^{9}4p$ and $3{d}^{9}4d$ configurations of Ni I. Greater discrepancies appear here than in ${d}^{9}s$ or ${p}^{5}p$, but the multiplets are placed in the correct order. Though the neglected interactions are important, yet the values obtained for the parameters of the largest interactions seem not to be seriously disturbed.
HYDRODYNAMIC COUPLING OF SURFACTANT-INFLUENCED GAS/LIQUID INTERFACES

Gas/liquid interfaces are rarely free of surfactants. In many fluid dynamic systems that involve a gas/liquid interface, the transport of mass, momentum, and energy is strongly influenced by the presence of even a minute amount of surfactant, due to the resultant viscoelasticity of the interface. In this paper we present results from a joint theoretical and experimental study of the interfacial viscoelastic properties and their coupling to subsurface fluid flow. A vorticity formulation for the stress boundary conditions, including non-constant viscoelastic properties, is derived and utilized in a numerical simulation of flow in a cylinder driven by the constant rotation of the bottom endwall with the free (top) surface covered by an insoluble surfactant. The relative effects of elastic properties, surface dilatational viscosity K' and surface shear viscosity uv on the dynamics of the flow are discussed. The required interfacial properties which appear in the stress boundary conditions are studied through experiments, including free-surface boundary layer measurements made during the interaction of a vortex pair with a surfactant-influenced interface for the purpose of directly evaluating the surface excess viscosities
Assessing genetic gain, inbreeding, and bias attributable to different flock genetic means in alternative sheep sire referencing schemes

Flocks participating in sire referencing schemes can achieve greater genetic gains than those achievable by within-flock selection. However, requirements for joining these schemes can be prohibitive to some producers. The objectives of this study were to determine whether less restrictive schemes or schemes of shorter duration could achieve rates of gain and reduce inbreeding as efficiently as continuous sire referencing schemes (SRS) and to investigate whether bias from different genetic means could be reduced by these alternative schemes. Pedigree and performance data for a single trait with a within-flock heritability of 0.25 were simulated (50 replications) for 15 flocks with 40 to 140 ewes per flock. Founder genetic means for each flock were sampled from a normal distribution with mean 0 and SD equal to the trait's genetic SD. After 10 yr of random mating, flocks had the opportunity to join an SRS and begin selection for the simulated trait. Yearling rams were chosen as reference sires randomly from the top one-sixth of the population ranked on BLUP EBV. Every year, in each flock, 3 reference sires were mated to 10 ewes. Six sire referencing scenarios were considered, in which all flocks participated in a SRS for 1) 15 yr; 2) 5 yr before discontinuing the scheme; 3) 10 yr before discontinuing the scheme; 4) 2 out of every 3 yr; 5) 15 yr with reference sire mating by natural service; and 6) no years (no use of SRS). Ewes not mated to reference sires were mated either to their own home-bred sires exclusively or to a mixture of homebred and unrelated purchased rams of unknown merit. Genetic gain was equivalent whether the SRS used AI or natural service matings, although inbreeding was lower with natural service. Across all scenarios, genetic gain and inbreeding were greater when excess ewes were mated exclusively to homebred sires. Genetic gains without SRS were 80 to 82% lower than when the scheme operated for 15 yr, whereas inbreeding was considerably greater. Other scenarios were intermediate in both gain and inbreeding levels. In all SRS scenarios, bias in EBV attributable to differing flock genetic means rapidly decreased in the first 5 yr of sire referencing. Levels of bias did not substantially increase when flocks discontinued SRS after 5 or 10 yr, suggesting that further participation in an SRS may not be necessary to manage risk. Natural service and noncontinuous SRS are viable options to continuous AI SRS in terms of genetic gain, inbreeding, and bias reduction.
Identification of a Novel Process Limiting the Rate of Synaptic Vesicle Cycling at Hippocampal Synapses

During intense presynaptic activity, the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles empties more quickly than it can be refilled, and short-term depression results. Ordinarily, the pool refills within 20 s, but long, high-frequency trains of action potentials often induce a form of short-term depression that persists for a much longer time. Here, we report that replenishment of the RRP is governed by two simple processes: the previously identified mechanism termed refilling, and another process that appears after extensive exocytosis and produces a transient decrease in the capacity of the pool, lasting for several minutes. The data presented here place stringent constraints on the types of kinetic models that can be used to describe synaptic vesicular cycling and are inconsistent with the traditional multipool models of vesicular mobilization.
Genome mapping by arbitrary amplification of yeast artificial chromosomes

Several methods have been described for using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to isolate fragments of DNA for genome mapping. We have developed an approach for isolating discrete fragments by amplifying DNA with single oligonucleotides (10-mers) with arbitrarity selected sequences. The method is rapid and technically simple. We isolated fragments from a contig of three yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) from the human Xq28 chromosomal region. We purified YACs yWXD 37, yWXD348, and yWXD705 from a preparative pulsed field gel. Amplifications of each YAC were performed with single 10-mers as the PCR primers and the products were visualized on agarose gels. These fragments have been successfully used as hybridization probes against Southern blots containing the YACs and against blots containing human genomic DNA and somatic cell hybrids containing Xq28 as their only human constituent. The results have been concordant with the known order of the YACs. We have also successfully combined 10-mers with primers derived from vector arm sequences to isolate YAC ends. We discuss several uses of this method in comparative mapping and in filling in gaps in physical and genetic maps.
Distributional patterns and an additional species of thePassiflora vitifolia complex: Amazonian species diversity due to edaphically differentiated communities

Field studies in Amazonian Peru show that thePassiflora vitifolia complex, a microcosm of many larger taxa, is concentrated in Amazonia with 4 ecologically separated species. One species is restricted to seasonally inundated forests, a second to non-inundated white sand soils, a third to non-inundated lateritic soils, and the fourth mostly to non-inundated alluvial soils. A new combination is formally proposed to recognize the white sand taxon, previously regarded as a variety, as a distinct species:P. involucrata. The importance of β-diversity in maintaining high Amazonian species diversity is emphasized.
Poisson structures on affine spaces and flag varieties. II

The standard Poisson structures on the flag varieties G/P of a complex reductive algebraic group G are investigated. It is shown that the orbits of symplectic leaves in G/P under a fixed maximal torus of G are smooth irreducible locally closed subvarieties of G/P, isomorphic to intersections of dual Schubert cells in the full flag variety G/B of G, and their Zariski closures are explicitly computed. Two different proofs of the former result are presented. The first is in the framework of Poisson homogeneous spaces, and the second one uses an idea of weak splittings of surjective Poisson submersions, based on the notion of Poisson―Dirac submanifolds. For a parabolic subgroup P with abelian unipotent radical (in which case G/P is a Hermitian symmetric space of compact type), it is shown that all orbits of the standard Levi factor L of P on G/P are complete Poisson subvarieties which are quotients of L, equipped with the standard Poisson structure. Moreover, it is proved that the Poisson structure on G/P vanishes at all special base points for the L-orbits on G/P constructed by Richardson, Rohrle, and Steinberg.
The Influence of Vapor Bubble Sliding on Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer

We describe experimental efforts aimed at examining the effect of vapor bubble sliding on forced convection boiling heat transfer. Flow boiling experiments using FC-87 were conducted for vertical upflow and downflow configurations. Both slightly subcooled single-phase and saturated annular flow boiling were considered. Significantly higher heat transfer rates were measured for vertical upflow than for downflow with the same wall superheat, and slightly subcooled single-phase inlet conditions. This increase in heat transfer is directly attributable to sliding vapor bubbles, which remain attached to the wall during upflow and lift off the wall during downflow. Differences in the measured upflow and downflow heat transfer rates are not as significant for annular flow boiling, which is clue in part to the similar vapor bubble dynamics which have been observed for upflow and downflow. Heat transfer experiments in single-phase subcooled upflow with air bubble injection at the heating surface suggest that sliding bubbles enhance the bulk liquid turbulence at the wall, which contributes significantly to the macroscale heat transfer
Effect of ketoleucine treatment on atrophy of skeletal muscle

There is a net loss of skeletal muscle protein in muscle-wasting disorders including the muscular dystrophies and denervation atrophy. Regardless of the nature of the underlying defect, a treatment that could reduce the rate of muscle protein degradation may be of therapeutic value in these conditions. Ketoleucine (alpha-ketoisocaproic acid) has been reported to reduce the rate of protein degradation in skeletal muscle. To evaluate ketoleucine's therapeutic potential, we studied its effect on the muscle protein loss that follows denervation in rats. Maximum tolerated doses of ketoleucine were administered twice daily to rats after surgical denervation of one leg. Wet weights and noncollagen proteins of the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were measured. The ketoleucine-treated animals failed to show significant decrease in muscle wasting, compared with nontreated denervated controls. Further, urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, a putative measure of muscle breakdown, was not reduced in ketoleucine-treated animals. Our findings do not support the suggested therapeutic role for ketoleucine in muscle-wasting disease.
Modulation of ethanol drinking-in-the-dark by mecamylamine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists in C57BL/6J mice

Rationale Recent reports describe a restricted access ethanol consumption paradigm where C57Bl/6J mice drink until intoxicated. Termed “drinking in the dark” (DID), this paradigm has been used as a model of binge drinking. Although neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been implicated in alcohol drinking in rats pre-trained to self-administer ethanol, their role in binge-like ethanol consumption is unknown.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 : Its structure and property, paracrine function, tumor angiogenesis, and prostate-related mitogenic and oncogenic functions

A growth factor extracted from prostatic tissue is called fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), or basic FGF. It is synthesized mainly by stromal fibroblasts and functions in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion. When prostate cancer converts to an invasive phenotye from a dormant stage, the cancer cells respond to the extracellular FGF2 ligand through high-affinity FGFR2 IIIc receptor. Then, the cancer cells synthesize their own FGF2 to propagate their own growth. In addition, secreted FGF2, in conjunction with modified extracellular matrix (ECM), acts on the endothelial cells to promote tumor angiogenesis. The progression of prostate cancer is directly related to upregulated FGF2 gene expression and microvessel proliferation. The fact that FGF2 production and secretion will affect prostate cancer progression warrants a review of this growth factor. In the present review, FGF2 is explored in the context of structure and property, paracrine interactions, tumor angiogenesis, and prostate-related mitogenic and oncogenic functions.
Elective modified neck dissection for treatment of the clinically negative (N0) neck.

Radical neck dissection was the dominant surgical procedure for treatment of metastatic head and neck cancer in the cervical lymph nodes for much of the 20th century. Proponents of radical neck dissection, such as George Crile, Sr. [1] and Hayes Martin [2], maintained the Halsteadian principle that oncologically sound surgical management of metastasis requires en bloc resection of lymph nodes and surrounding soft-tissue structures. While radical neck dissection provides effective control of regional metastasis, major cosmetic and functional deficits often accompany the procedure.
Early lexical acquisition and the vocabulary spurt: a response to Goldfield & Reznick*

Vocabulary development of three children (aged 1;6-1;8 at the start of the study) who had not begun to evidence a vocabulary spurt even though their productive vocabularies already included well over 50 words was followed to determine if these children eventually would have a vocabulary spurt. All three children evidenced a spurt, beginning at a mean productive vocabulary size of 112 words. The vocabulary spurt occurred at about the same time as the children first demonstrated the ability to sort objects exhaustively and to fast map new object names. Results are discussed in the context of Goldfield & Reznick's (1990; Reznick & Goldfield, 1992) argument that a substantial proportion of children never evidence a vocabulary spurt.
STRUCTURAL FACTORS CONTROLLING STACKING SEQUENCES IN DIOCTAHEDRAL MICAS

Deviations in the symmetry of mica single layers from the ideal arrangement with all atoms in hexagonal arrays are caused by the structural factors such as compositional variation (substitutions), order-disorder, and distortions. The derivative crystal structure theory as applied to mica polymor- phism, implies that the ideal symmetry of the mica single layer (C2/m) can be altered to one of its standard subgroups by these structural factors. The "derivative structure" of the single layer may allow a unique interlayer and a specific intralayer configuration and result in a regular stacking sequence.
Discontinuous thoracic venous cardiomyocytes and heart exhibit synchronized developmental switch of troponin isoforms.

11 Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA2 Department of Biology, University of Iowa, IA, USAKeywordscardiac muscle; development; myoﬁlamentprotein; pulmonary vein; troponin isoformswitchCorrespondenceJ.-P. Jin, Department of Physiology, WayneState University School of Medicine, 540East Canﬁeld, Detroit, MI 48201, USAFax: +1 313 577 5494Tel: +1 313 577 1520E-mail: jjin@med.wayne.edu(Received 4 August 2012, revised 14November 2012, accepted 20 November2012)doi:10.1111/febs.12076
A Codesigned Fault Tolerance System for Heterogeneous Many-Core Processors

This paper presents an efficient fault tolerance system for heterogeneous many-core processors. The efficiencies and coverage of the presented fault tolerance are optimized by customizing the techniques for different types of components in the highest layers of system abstractions and codesigning the techniques in a way that separates algorithms and mechanisms.
If it Walks Like a Duck…: Concerns about Quackery in Marketing Education

Quackery is a term commonly associated with the medical profession. It is often associated with those who are proponents of alternative medicines, the benefits of which are not based on science. In...
A network of epigenetic regulators guides developmental haematopoiesis in vivo

The initiation of cellular programs is orchestrated by key transcription factors and chromatin regulators that activate or inhibit target gene expression. To generate a compendium of chromatin factors that establish the epigenetic code during developmental haematopoiesis, a large-scale reverse genetic screen was conducted targeting orthologues of 425 human chromatin factors in zebrafish. A set of chromatin regulators was identified that target different stages of primitive and definitive blood formation, including factors not previously implicated in haematopoiesis. We identified 15 factors that regulate development of primitive erythroid progenitors and 29 factors that regulate development of definitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These chromatin factors are associated with SWI/SNF and ISWI chromatin remodelling, SET1 methyltransferase, CBP-p300-HBO1-NuA4 acetyltransferase, HDAC-NuRD deacetylase, and Polycomb repressive complexes. Our work provides a comprehensive view of how specific chromatin factors and their associated complexes play a major role in the establishment of haematopoietic cells in vivo.
Dynamics in the transverse section of the CO 2 laser

Bifurcation conditions for primary branches from the trivial solution in the CO2 laser are derived as a function of the pumping and mirror curvature. Crossing of the bifurcation sets for primary branches suggests the occurrence of secondary bifurcations. These secondary bifurcations are located by comparing the laser equations with canonical forms for codimension-two and -three Hopf bifurcations. This comparison permits construction of the bifurcation diagram for modes with and without angular momentum in cases with and without strong resonance.
The Drama of Leadership

THE PLAYERS AND THE PLOT. The Artist. The Craftsman. The Technocrat. Behind the Scenes. THE PLAY. The Dreams of the Playwright. The Harsh Realities of the Stage. Climax: The Triumph of Technocratic Illusions. Denouement: The Collapse of Vision. THE MORAL OF THE STORY. Leadership Revisited. Where There's Smoke, There's Apt to Be Fire. About Teams. The Scope of the Problem. Partial Solutions. Conclusion. Appendices. Notes. Index.
Naturally Occurring Seafood Toxins

AbstractIncidents of illness reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the period 1978–1987 were limited to ciguatera, scombroid fish poisoning (SFP), and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Natural intoxications are both highly regional and species associated, and toxins are present in seafood at the time of capture.Ciguatera is a sometimes severe disease caused by consuming certain species of fish, usually island or reef, from tropical, subtropical, and other (temperate) waters, and was responsible for about half of all reported outbreaks to the CDC. Treatments are largely supportive, and mortality is usually low. Controls based on regulation of fishing or marketling of dangerous species, supported by testing suspect fish and educating consumers, sports fishers and health professionals, are recommended.SFP caused nearly the same number of outbreaks as ciguatera, but was much more widespread. Tuna, mahimahi and bluefish are implicated as the major cause of SFP. The disease is generally mild a...
Empowering nursing preceptors to mentoring undergraduate senior students in acute care settings.

Nurse preceptors play an important role in the transition of nursing students from classroom to clinical practice not only in the United States but also internationally. However, many preceptors feel a lack of confidence in their role as mentors to nursing students rather than experienced nurses because of inadequate preparation or formal training. A study looking at the educational needs of nurse preceptors would be invaluable to academic educators because they choose strategies and develop content for a handbook to serve as a quick reference. Thus, the mentorship experience for preceptors would be enhanced by incorporating the needs and preferences of the preceptors into their training and resource materials. The purposes of this study were to identify the needs of the nurses who precept students rather than nurses who mentor other nurses and to evaluate if the current handbook was a useful reference for preceptors during a practicum in acute care settings. Method A multiprocedural mixed method study was used. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was adapted with the permission of the author. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were used to compare differences in the means. The preceptorship handbook helped preceptors mentor undergraduate senior nursing students. In addition, the currently developed preceptorship handbook was recognized as a useful reference in mentoring nursing students by 100% of the participants.
Dissecting the structural elements for the activation of β-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductase from Vibrio cholerae

ABSTRACT β-Ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductase (FabG) catalyzes the key reductive reaction in the elongation cycle of fatty acid synthesis (FAS), which is a vital metabolic pathway in bacteria and a promising target for new antibiotic development. The activation of the enzyme is usually linked to the formation of a catalytic triad and cofactor binding, and crystal structures of FabG from different organisms have been captured in either the active or inactive conformation. However, the structural elements which enable activation of FabG require further exploration. Here we report the findings of structural, enzymatic, and binding studies of the FabG protein found in the causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae (vcFabG). vcFabG exists predominantly as a dimer in solution and is able to self-associate to form tetramers, which is the state seen in the crystal structure. The formation of the tetramer may be promoted by the presence of the cofactor NADP(H). The transition between the dimeric and tetrameric states of vcFabG is related to changes in the conformations of the α4/α5 helices on the dimer-dimer interface. Two glycine residues adjacent to the dimer interface (G92 and G141) are identified to be the hinge for the conformational changes, while the catalytic tyrosine (Y155) and a glutamine residue that forms hydrogen bonds to both loop β4-α4 and loop β5-α5 (Q152) stabilize the active conformation. The functions of the aforementioned residues were confirmed by binding and enzymatic assays for the corresponding mutants. IMPORTANCE This paper describes the results of structural, enzymatic, and binding studies of FabG from Vibrio cholerae (vcFabG). In this work, we dissected the structural elements responsible for the activation of vcFabG. The structural information provided here is essential for the development of antibiotics specifically targeting bacterial FabG, especially for the multidrug-resistant strains of V. cholerae.
Considerations in Evaluating Technologies in Memory Care Units

As the population ages worldwide, dementia is becoming increasingly prevalent. There is a pressing need to investigate non-pharmacological interventions to meet the needs of people with dementia. Technology may be one tool to enhance the lives of people with dementia without the use of medication. However, conducting studies with people with dementia in memory care units (MCUs) has unique challenges. In this paper, we discuss methodological and logistical considerations in designing, recruiting for, and conducting technology evaluations in memory care units. These considerations are based on a six-month study evaluating a technology system designed to encourage people with dementia to participate in recreational activities. Findings will assist researchers in conducting studies deploying technology tools for people with dementia in memory care units and assisted living facilities.
Correlation of Delayed Peak Concentration with Infusion-Site Irritation following Diazepam Administration

Diazepam 10 mg/2 mL iv was administered undiluted over five minutes to nine healthy men on two separate occasions. The infusion site was evaluated before and after each infusion by subject assessment of pain on a severity scale of zero (none) to ten (most). Blood samples were collected at 0, 5, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, and periodically for 72 hours postinfusion. Diazepam plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Concentrations at five minutes (end of infusion) ranged from 0 to 889 ng/mL. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was observed at 5 minutes for 10 treatments, at 20 minutes for 7 treatments, and at 30 minutes for 1 treatment. The observed Cmax ranged from 221 to 889 ng/mL. When time to reach peak plasma concentration (tmax) was 5 minutes, the Cmax was significantly greater than when tmax was 20 minutes (670 ± 87 vs. 267 ± 40 ng/mL, p<0.005). The area under the curve did not differ significantly between these two groups. The pain score at the end of infusion ranged from zero to five and was ...
Development of the Asexual Fructifications of Chaetomella Raphigera and Pezizella Lythri

(1930). Development of the Asexual Fructifications of Chaetomella Raphigera and Pezizella Lythri. Mycologia: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 169-174.
Exposing the Price of Ignorance: Teaching Asian American History in Michigan

For the final meeting of my Asian American history survey during the winter 2006 semester at the University of Michigan, we studied the narratives of three immigrants whose journeys to the United States followed harrowing experiences that had shaped the course of world history. The first saw his Philippine childhood shattered by the Japanese occupation during World War II. While aiding the guerrilla resistance, his eldest brother was imprisoned and executed. From humble Chinese peasant origins, the second subject saw the Communist revolution transform his family's status. As a Red Guard militant, he was granted a rare opportunity to attend college. By contrast, the final subject wit nessed the extreme deprivation dictatorial Communist rule caused in Cambodia. After she fled to a refugee camp to escape the genocidal regime of the Khmer Rouge, she eventually resettled in Michigan, as the other two had. Asian American historians are blessed with the type of rich source material that pushes forward studies of race, class, gender, war, and migration in transnational context and situates the field at the cutting edge of the discipline of history. Such narratives do more than breathe new life into the foundational concept of America as a nation of immigrants. They demonstrate how the struggle of Asians to establish a home in America offers new modes of rethinking the meaning of national identity. Those narratives were drawn neither from my primary nor my secondary research. They were instead the product of course-assigned research papers, which in these cases focused on oral histories of the students' parents. Monica Kim, a Department of History Ph.D. student and graduate instructor, was so impressed by the quality and originality of these projects that she and I asked the student authors to share their findings with the class. By recognizing how their class projects place them at the frontiers of scholarly re search, students come to appreciate how histories of marginal subjects stretch the bound aries of knowledge production. My goal is for students to see themselves as history mak ers?possessing the power both to write and to change the course of history. As I teach at a large research university in the Midwest, the regular schedule for my Asian American history survey includes three hours of lecture per week and one hour of discussion led by a graduate instructor. It generally draws fifty to seventy students. I could not imagine putting the curriculum together without the graduate school training I received at the University of California, Los Angeles, home to the nation's largest Asian American studies department. But living and toiling in the hinterlands of Asian Ameri
Coupled RANS-LES computation of a compressor and combustor in a gas turbine engine

Interactions between different components of a gas turbine are difficult to predict numerically. One of the reasons is the wide range of turbulent scales that need to be modeled. Here, we present an approach to use multiple flow solvers in order to model turbulence appropriately in different sections of a gas turbine. A flow solver based on the Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach for the turbomachinery sections, while LargeEddy Simulation (LES) for the combustor is used. These flow solvers run simultaneously and exchange information at the interfaces. In this study we present the approach, some of the validation and report on the application of this approach to a coupled compressorcombustor computation.
Smart Grid Architecture with a High Proportion of Renewable Energy Utilization

With a high proportion of renewable energy penetration,how to construct smart grid is a great challenge. To this end,in the context of a high proportion of renewable energy utilization,this paper defines the smart grid,and generalizes its main characteristics in terms of renewable energy stratified consumption,efficient and environmentfriendly energy utilization,flexible and interactive energy end-use and multiple coordination of source and network. Then it proposes the architecture for smart grid technology development and demonstration construction featured by general energy storage system,hopeful to provide reference to promoting the related smart grid construction.
Combination of Learning With Working:The Teaching Team Construction in Vocational Schools

The model of combining learning with working makes a new requirement for the teaching team constructions in vocational schools.In the process of model reform,the general goal is firstly set up.With the platform made by the school-enterprise cooperation,the professional teaching team is developed based on the project of learning and working combination.The overall teaching competence has been improved.
Research on characteristics of primary frequency control operating on southern Hebei grid

In power systems,primary frequency control(PFC) is one of the important methods to maintain frequency stability.But the effect of primary frequency control in a digital electro-hydraulic(DEH) system is weakened by setting dead bands or adding PFC into the power system illogically,thus,the effect of PFC for stabilizing grid frequency during accidents is decreased.Based on the southern Hebei grid investigation,the mathematical model of southern Hebei grid for analysis of primary frequency control was presented.Relationship between parameters was discussed,which affect PFC functions such as dead bands,load disturbances and PFC capacities.It is very significant to direct the settings of the governing system parameters and the PFC capacities of southern Hebei grid.
Laboratory results on local tuberculosis infection by acupuncture

Objective To detect the pathogenic bacteria of local tuberculosis(TB)infection,and to provide the basis for exploring causes of TB infection.Methods The pus from local TB infection and sputum specimens was cultivated and detected for mycobacterium tuberculosis smear,isolation culture and identification and drug sensitive test.Results There were 78 specimens of pus from 46 TB cases,among which forty-eight specimens of pus from 32 TB cases were made a definite diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis.The positive rate and the detection rate of pus were 69.57%(32/46),and 61.54%(48/78),respectively.Nine specimens of sputum were positive in 11 cases.The positive rate of infection was 81.82%(9/11).We found that 9specimens of sputum and 48 specimens of positive pus were the homologous mycobacterium tuberculosis.Conclusions The local infections of patients due to acupuncture were caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.The laboratory results provided a scientific basis for epidemiological analysis and treatment of infected patients.
The Study of the Exotic Invasive Plant Galinsona parviflora

Galinsoga parviflora are the experimental material.By scanning the flowers and pollen of the Galinsoga parviflora with the electron microscopy.Study both the micro and macro aspects of its invasive ability.The results:Galinsoga parviflora invasion of their internal reproductive characteristics and environmental adaptation features,while the external causes of human self-development and the lack of the natural enemies in the food chain.
Revisiting “Measuring the Problem” Separate Examination of Police Contact in Serious and Nonserious Offenders

In their 2012 article, Pollock, Oliver, and Menard found that race was not a significant predictor of being arrested or questioned by police. In light of recent events such as the death of Michael ...
Book Review: Rethinking African Cultural Production

Rethinking African Cultural Production, Ekotto, Frieda and Kenneth W. Harrow, eds. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2015.
Handing on the Tradition

The undergraduate course described introduces the academic study of religion. It summarizes basic Christian teaching on God, Salvation, Jesus Christ, Trinity, Church and Sacraments, Eschatology; promotes objective intellectual reflection on basic Christian teachings and on the religious experience that inspired them; introduces the student to academic religious literature, promotes informed dialogue among students of various religious traditions.
Visual analogue scale (VAS) measurement of antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV (PLWH): a meta-analysis

Effective treatment of HIV hinges upon maintaining adequate antiretroviral therapy adherence. Accurate, cost-effective measurement of medication adherence is needed to best respond to the HIV pandemic. The visual analogue scale (VAS) appears to be a simple and easy to use measure of adherence but the current literature on its use is mixed. This meta-analysis (1) describes VAS concordance with other measures of medication adherence and viral load; and (2) examines how research methods moderate the reported strength of the VAS-viral load relationship. Literature searches were conducted electronically and by hand with a total of 20 studies included in the present study. The VAS showed large strength associations with most other measures of adherence and a smaller association with viral load. More rigorous methodological quality significantly improved the VAS-viral load effect size. We conclude with optimization recommendations for VAS use in clinical practice and research design.
Effects of subcooling on downward facing boiling heat transfer with micro-porous coating formed by Cold Spray technique

Abstract External reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) is an effective strategy to achieve in-vessel retention (IVR) of core melt in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) under severe accident conditions. Among the available strategies, micro-porous coating technique has been known to enhance the thermal margin of the RPV. In this study, a new and versatile micro-porous coating technique applicable to commercial size reactors known as “Cold Spray” has been developed to coat a hemispherical test vessel. Quenching boiling experiments at different degrees of subcooling (10 °C, 5 °C, 3 °C, 1 °C, and 0 °C) were performed using bare and micro-porous coated vessels. Visual observations of the quenching process along with quantitative analyses of the boiling data were performed. It was found that the critical heat flux (CHF) limit varies significantly with the angular location at all subcooled conditions. Higher cooling rates and CHF limits were obtained with higher degrees of subcooling. A micro-porous coating formed by Cold Spray significantly improved the CHF limit compared to the bare vessel. In fact, nearly 90% enhancement was achieved using the Cold Spray coated vessel. CHF correlations for both bare and micro-porous coated vessel have been proposed capturing the effects of subcooling and angular variation along the outer surface of the hemispherical test vessels.
An overview of the role of radiation therapy and hyperthermia in treatment of malignant melanoma.

From January, 1970 until December, 1987, a total of 188 malignant melanoma lesions in 92 patients were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Response was evaluated in 181 evaluable lesions treated by radiation alone and radiation plus hyperthermia to assess differences in response to a total dose, dose per fraction and overall time of treatment, as well as effects of adjunctive hyperthermia treatment.
Psycholinguistics and Mental Health

This is the first book to attempt to integrate psychiatry and the burgeoning field of applied psycholinguistics. The ideal application involves the scientific study of the psychology of language and thought as it relates to the gamut of psychological disorders. In general, psychiatrists are not primarily concerned with aphasia, stuttering, mental deficiency, and other related neurolinguistic communication disorders. Accordingly, we have narrowed the scope of the book to exclude these conditions. Another application, namely, to affective disorders, is also omitted, even though some of our authors have worked in this area (Jaffe, Anderson, & Rieber, 1973). Finally, areas of linguistic interest such as autism and childhood schizophrenia are absent, as this work is reviewed in Frank and Rieber (in press).
Family Communication: Exploring the Dynamics of Listening with Mobile Devices

Listening in mediated contexts has become part of our daily routines with the growth of mobile device ownership and subsequent usage. Qualitatively, this study seeks to understand how listening occurs through mobile devices within family communication. In analyzing the data, three noteworthy themes were identified: noise, listening through posts, and inappropriate content. These themes were discussed through the lens of the Family Systems Theory and the noise component of the Transactional Communication Model. Relevant findings and participant insights offer growth and increased awareness over previous literature, current relevancy, and future opportunities to diversify and grow the research.
Analysis of the Macula Densa Feedback Hypothesis for Intrinsic Regulation of Renal Vascular Resistance

Abstract A mathematical analysis (with digital computer solution) of renal hemodynamics has been formulated to examine quantitatively the macula densa feedback hypothesis for the control of renal vascular resistance. The equations represent fluid flow dynamics through the various compartments in the kidney and include a tubular-vascular feedback linking distal tubular flow to afferent arteriolar resistance. The responses of the model to changes in arterial pressure, ureteral pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure were evaluated and found similar in many respects to those obtained experimentally. The unique ability of this model to appropriately predict responses to various types of perturbations supports the concept that changes in distal tubular flow acting through a macula densa mechanism may be responsible for certain autoregulatory adjustments in renal vascular resistance.