cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miraculous Mothers, Empowered Sons, Dutiful Daughters: Two Generations of Gender Practices in a Storefront Sanctified Church

SUMMARY How did a storefront Sanctified church that was founded and formally led by a female change to one in which female leadership now occurs in ceremonial and ritual arenas, and what does this suggest about the institutionalization of female power? How might the positioning of the investigating ethnographer inform both the anthropological process and a humanistic interpretation of religion? These two questions shape this study of gender dynamics during two generations of an unaffiliated millenarian storefront church of a hundred souls, which began during World War II and has survived into the 21st century. Drawing on interpretations of doctrine, migration narratives, and germane cultural and historical contexts, this work explores the interplay of human agency, cultural legacies, and social contingencies in changing gender practices. As I was raised in this faith community, the study also provides a model for addressing the complexity of conducting insider/outsider ethnography.
On the Minimizing Triple Collision Orbits in the Planar Newtonian Three-Body Problem

In this paper, we study the minimizing triple collision orbits in the planar Newtonian three-body problem with arbitrary masses. We show that for a given non-collinear initial configuration, the minimizing triple collision orbit is collision-free until a simultaneous collision, and its limiting configuration is the Lagrangian configuration with the same orientation as the initial configuration. For the collinear initial configuration, under a certain technical assumption, there exist two minimizing orbits. The limiting configurations of these orbits are the two opposite Lagrangian configurations.
REMARKS ON THE MIXED MULTIPOLE INTERNAL CONVERSION ELECTRON CORRELATION PARAMETERS

The internal conversion electron correlation parameters are calculated for the general $K$-shell (mixed) multipole conversion. Phase conventions are critically examined, and the sign of the mixed electric-magnetic conversion proposed by Church, Weneser, and Schwarzschild is verified. Phase conventions in the literature for the Dirac-Coulomb continuum wave functions are shown to be ambiguous, and a suitable standard convention is proposed.
Can cigarette size and nicotine content influence smoking and puffing rates

The stimuli controlling the rate at which people smoke cigarettes have not been clearly defined. On the hypothesis that smoking is basically nicotine-seeking behavior. nicotine available to the subject was experimentally manipulated through controlling cigarette size and nicotine content. In Experiment I, subjects given their own cigarettes in whole, half, quarter, and eighth lengths, increased the number of cigarettes smoked and number of puffs to compensate for reductions in size. Satisfaction was directly related to cigarette length. In Experiment II, subjects given special cigarettes delivering 0.2 or 2.0 mg nicotine/cigarette smoked significantly more of the low than of the high nicotine cigarettes and took significantly more puffs. As in Experiment I, significantly more quarter length than full length cigarettes were smoked, but total number of puffs did not differe. These results support the hypothesis that nicotine controls smoking behavior.
Coal liquefaction. 1. Further liquefaction of solvent-refined coal by controlled low-temperature air oxidation in quinoline

Abstract Low-temperature air autoxidation of SRC in quinoline followed by an aerobic thermolysis yields as much as 30% of low-molecular-weight (
Compression of posterior interosseous nerve by a ganglion—Case report

A 41-year-old woman presented with a complete posterior interosseous nerve palsy secondary to a ganglion compressing the nerve against the arcade of Frohse. Decompression and neurolysis resulted in full functional recovery.
Caregiver Burden and the Continuum of Care A Longitudinal Perspective

This article integrates the results of a series of prospective studies that used data from the 1982-1984 National Long Term Care Survey to (a) provide a comprehensive view of the effects of caregiver burden over a two-year period, (b) suggest ways in which caregiver burden intersects with the continuum of care, and (c) explore the implications for long-term care research and policy. Each dimension of caregiver burden had different consequences for each long-term care outcome. Neither personal nor inter-personal burden had an independent effect on changes in the informal task support network. Personal burden, but not interpersonal burden, influenced changes in the use of formal services. Interpersonal burden, but not personal burden, influenced nursing home admissions.
Addiction and sociality: Perspectives from methamphetamine users in suburban USA

This article contributes to a growing body of literature that emphasizes the social nature of drug use, abuse and addiction. Current discourses of addiction tend to focus on the individual while limiting attention on the social environment and the role of sociality. We seek to contribute a more intuitive, insiders’ perspective of the drug trajectory and a broader conceptualization of addiction. Drawing from our qualitative study on 100 current and former methamphetamine users in the suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia (USA), we examined the trajectories of methamphetamine use to provide greater insight on what influences drug initiation, progression, cessation and relapse from the users’ perspective. Findings show that the entire drug trajectory is intertwined with, and impacted by, sociality for the majority of drug users in our sample. Moreover, the findings of our study increase our understanding of multiple routes to recovery. We join the call for greater attention to drug use and addiction as a social behavi...
IMPACT OF SYSTEM CHEMISTRY ON ELECTROOSMOSIS IN CONTAMINATED SOIL

Electroosmosis in a copper‐contaminated kaolinite was highly sensitive to chemical treatment schemes designed to remove the contamination. Non‐uniform profiles of electric field intensity and pH as well as negative pore‐water pressure develop during sustained electrokinetic treatment of clays. These nonlin‐earities and nonuniform pore‐water pressures cannot be adequately described by classical analysis. Classical analysis is based on assumptions of a uniform and constant electroosmotic permeability coefficient, for instance. An extended capillary model which includes nonuniform contributions to electroosmosis and pore pressures that vary with space and time, is developed and compared with experimental findings. Subtle changes in initial and boundary conditions of the system chemistry have a very large effect on electroosmosis in soils. For instance, acid addition at the cathode reservoir may cause reversal of the direction of electroosmotic flow. Other species, such as the citrate, may form stable complex...
Successful immune reconstitution in severe combined immunodeficiency despite Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections.

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), frequently found in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), have been suspected of contributing to the latter immunodeficiency. The ability of normal HLA-identical sibling bone marrow to reconstitute an 8-month-old infant with severe combined immunodeficiency infected with these two viral agents is of interest. After presentation with severe mucocutaneous candidiasis, cavitary pulmonary disease, nodular cutaneous lesions, and hepatic abscesses containing acid-fast organisms, immunologic studies revealed lymphopenia. 1–3% T cells, and no lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Prior to transplantation, the infant's blood B lymphocytes grew spontaneously in culture, suggesting they were infected with EBV. Indeed, an appropriate antibody response to EBV was detected at 2 months post-transplantation. At 3 weeks postgrafting, neutropenia and cholestatic jaundice developed without other signs of graft versus host disease. Liver biopsy demonstrated CMV but no EBV by DNA hybridization. There was evidence of T- and B-cell function by 2 weeks postgrafting, including vigorous in vivo and in vitro responses to candida. Although the blood lymphocyte T4:T8 ratio was inverted at 2 weeks, it reverted to normal by 6 weeks post-transplantation. All clinical disease resolved by 8 months and karotyping revealed all T and B lymphocytes to be XX. Thus, despite infections with both CMV and EBV, complete immunologic reconstitution was achieved in this, the most severe of all genetically determined immunodeficiency conditions, arguing against these viruses having a major role in the failure of bone marrow transplantation in AIDS.
Women's Motives for Violent and Nonviolent Behaviors in Conflicts:

Drawing from past research on women's motives for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, correlates of women's perpetration, and correlates of nonviolent conflict, we created a scale containing 125 possible motives, representing 14 broad domains (e.g., self-defense, retaliation). Participants were an ethnically diverse sample of women who had perpetrated no physical IPV against their current partner (n = 243), threats but not physical IPV (n = 70), nonsevere physical IPV (n = 193), and at least one act of severe (e.g., choke) physical IPV (n = 93). An exploratory factor analysis yielded a seven-factor solution, representing Partners' Negative Behaviors, Increase Intimacy, Personal Problems, Retaliation, Childhood Experiences, Situation/Mood, and Partners' Personal Problems. Differences by women's IPV perpetration and race and/or ethnicity were tested with means representing these seven factors and a computed variable representing self-defense. Although motives differed by perpetration type, main effects for Partners' Negative Behavior, Personal Problems, Retaliation, and Childhood Experiences were modified by interactions, suggesting ethnicity should be considered when developing interventions.
Robust stability of singularly perturbed systems

The robust stability problem of linear time-invariant singularly perturbed systems is discussed, where the system matrix may have a parameter perturbation bounded by the Hα-norm. A sufficient condition for the upper bound of e is given, such that the stability of the actual system (or the full-order model) can be inferred from the analysis of the reduced-order system (or the slow model) in separate time scales.
Arrangement of ferric and ferrous ions at low temperatures in FeCl3 intercalated graphite

Abstract Previous work has shown that electrons donated by the graphite to the FeCl3 intercalant freeze onto some Fe3+ ions to change them into Fe2+ ions at low temperatures. We show that the created Fe2+ ions are not randomly situated. Indirect evidence suggesting the formation of a specific chemical superlattice of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions is presented. A method for direct observation of this superlattice is suggested.
Common hemostasis and inflammation gene variants and venous thrombosis in older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background/objectives Age-related changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. Inherited deficiencies of coagulation proteins, such as factor V (FV) Leiden and prothrombin G20210A, explain a small fraction of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Additional genetic factors are likely to underlie the etiology of VTE, some of which may become manifest at older ages. Methods We tested 290 common SNPs within 51 thrombosis and inflammation genes for association with VTE in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a large, prospective cohort of older adults followed for up to 12 years. Results There were 184 VTE events that occurred at mean age of 78 years. TagSNPs within four genes encoding FXIII subunit A (F13A), FVII activating protease (HABP2), protease activated receptor-1 (F2R) and the urokinase receptor (PLAUR) showed the strongest evidence for association with VTE, with each gene having a global P-value Conclusions These findings suggest that several novel common coagulation gene variants may be related to risk of VTE in older adults. Further studies in older adults are needed to validate these findings and assess functional molecular mechanisms.
Method for enhancing real-world use of a more affected arm in chronic stroke: transfer package of constraint-induced movement therapy.

Background and Purpose—Constraint-induced movement therapy is a set of treatments for rehabilitating motor function after central nervous system damage. We assessed the roles of its 2 main components. Methods—A 2×2 factorial components analysis with random assignment was conducted. The 2 factors were type of training and presence/absence of a set of techniques to facilitate transfer of therapeutic gains from the laboratory to the life situation (Transfer Package; TP). Participants (N=40) were outpatients ≥1-year after stroke with hemiparesis. The different treatments, which in each case targeted the more affected arm, lasted 3.5 hours/d for 10 weekdays. Spontaneous use of the more affected arm in daily life and maximum motor capacity of that arm in the laboratory were assessed with the Motor Activity Log and the Wolf Motor Function Test, respectively. Results—Use of the TP, regardless of the type of training received, resulted in Motor Activity Log gains that were 2.4 times as large as the gains in its ab...
Work in progress: How building informational modeling may unify IT in the civil engineering curriculum

IT in the civil engineering curriculum is often fragmented into courses that emphasize either design tools (e.g., CAD), or packages for analysis, planning and modeling. Graduating students often report a lack of coherence in the IT tools used in their courses and a distinctive gap in their junior years where technology skills are under-used or forgotten. Building information modeling (BIM) may offer the opportunity to unify disparate technologies to provide a coherent IT skill set for civil engineering students to address the range of problems in the infrastructure and facilities life cycle. BIM is a framework that combines visualization and parametric modeling in a way that allows students to simultaneously consider the interdependent processes of planning, analysis, design and construction. This research will evaluate the feasibility of embedding BIM in the civil engineering curriculum with the goal of defining and promoting an extensible skill set that is reinforced through a comprehensive transportation design problem.
Chemical stability enhancement of lithium conducting solid electrolyte plates using sputtered LiPON thin films

Sputter deposition of LiPON films directly onto high Li+ conductivity solid electrolyte plates has been investigated as a means to minimize the reactivity of the plates to metallic Li. The LiPON films were shown to effectively passivate the plates in contact with metallic Li, in contrast to unpassivated plates that reacted immediately in contact with Li metal.
THE NORMAL KIDNEY GROWTH RATE DURING YEAR 1 OF LIFE IS VARIABLE AND AGE DEPENDENT

AbstractPurpose: The concept of normal contralateral kidney growth rate was introduced as a parameter to consider in conjunction with others in the evaluation of unilateral hydronephrosis in asymptomatic neonates and infants. Historically measurements of renal size obtained at different times from different patients have been relied on to construct normal renal growth charts. We report normal kidney growth rates in year 1 of life derived from interval ultrasound measurements of renal size in the same newborns and infants longitudinally with time.Materials and Methods: We reviewed 333 normal renal ultrasound studies performed between 1991 and 1995 in 55 patients during year 1 of life. These longitudinal measurements were made bilaterally 2 to 8 times (median 3) per patient. Growth curve models that consider random patient effects were used to estimate the mean growth curve and ascertain its form. We also reviewed an additional 91 ultrasound studies in 10 patients with myelomeningocele without hydronephrosi...
Determination of plate efficiencies from operational data: Part II

A method for the determination of the plate efficiencies for existing conventional and complex columns is presented. Information, such as any combination of product distributions, plate temperatures, and plate compositions, which is in addition to that required to solve a problem for a fixed column is used to determine efficiencies.
Sequence-specific cleavage of double helical DNA by triple helix formation

Homopyrimidine oligodeoxyribonucleotides with EDTA-Fe attached at a single position bind the corresponding homopyrimidine-homopurine tracts within large double-stranded DNA by triple helix formation and cleave at that site. Oligonucleotides with EDTA.Fe at the 5' end cause a sequence specific double strand break. The location and asymmetry of the cleavage pattern reveal that the homopyrimidine-EDTA probes bind in the major groove parallel to the homopurine strand of Watson-Crick double helical DNA. The sequence-specific recognition of double helical DNA by homopyrimidine probes is sensitive to single base mismatches. Homopyrimidine probes equipped with DNA cleaving moieties could be useful tools for mapping chromosomes.
TESTING THEORY OF BANDWAGONS — GLOBAL STANDARDIZATION COMPETITION IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

Standardization development and the global standards adoption are in the center of competition for the global mobile communication industry. This study conducts an historical analysis of three generations of standardization in mobile communications in the world. It aims to examine how the corporation strategy, institutional collaboration, and government policy have influenced the outcome of standardization. It focuses on how competing standards are adopted and deployed in national and global markets. Empirical data has been presented to test the theory of bandwagons in standard adoption by using ratios of total global users to total domestic/home users. Findings lead to the conclusion that standards with well-established domestic bases often start their global bandwagons with a bandwagon ratio between 1.2 and 2.3 and the global competition is centered between the politically sponsored European bandwagon and the market-sponsored US bandwagons. It concludes that politically sponsored bandwagon often leads to a quick establishment while the market-sponsored bandwagons tend to accommodate market and technology dynamics, at least for the wireless industry.
State-of-charge and state-of-health monitoring: Implications for industry, academia, and the consumer

This paper investigates the concepts of state-of-charge and state of health. The technical challenges that each method faces are discussed, in addition to current research methodologies that are conducted in the academy and industry. A proposed strategy is presented to prepare consumers to the application of these construct in every-day use of electric vehicles.
Leadership, Empowerment, and Public Organizations

Empowerment has emerged as a component of recent public management reforms and a trend in both public and private organizations. This study builds on research on empowerment by creating a model that explains why some managers empower their employees and others do not. Hypotheses about the role of both individual and organizational variables are tested, and the results provide evidence for connections among race, education, organizational resources, task difficulty, and empowerment. Findings reject hypotheses related to empowerment as a trend, leading to the conclusion that empowerment may be nothing more than a recycled version of Theory Y and people-oriented leadership.
Subsurface Igneous Mineral Microbiology: Iron-Oxidizing Organotrophs on Olivine Surfaces and the Significance of Mineral Heterogeneity in Basalts

Olivine weathers quickly on geologic time scales, yet no iron-oxidizing microbes have been described that use the iron from olivine for energy in a natural habitat. This study is one of the first reports of successfully enriching for iron oxidizers by using olivine. Olivine oxidizers were isolated from Columbia River basalt-hosted terrestrial systems in Northern Oregon (basalt rock, river sediment, and soil). Isolates were tested for iron oxidation and nitrate reduction capabilities as well as the ability to grow on olivine. Four isolates were evaluated for bioweathering patterns produced on olivine and secondary mineral formation with X-ray diffraction. Isolates were phylogenetically related to known iron oxidizers, and all produced growth bands in the oxycline of FeCO3 media. Each phylotype produced unique putative bioweathering patterns on olivine sands as visualized through light microscopy of petrographic thin sections. This is a significant finding since the ability of organisms to produce these features has never been
CATEGORY-SPECIFIC SEMANTIC MEMORY: CONVERGING EVIDENCE FROM BOLD fMRI AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

article i nfo Article history: Accepted 26 November 2012 Available online 6 December 2012 Keywords: Semantic fMRI DTI Alzheimer's Temporal Prefrontal Patients with Alzheimer's disease have category-specifi cs emantic memory difficulty for natural relative to manufactured objects. We assessed the basis for this deficit by asking healthy adults and patients to judge whether pairs of words share a feature (e.g. "banana:lemon—COLOR"). In an fMRI study, healthy adults showed gray matter (GM) activation of temporal-occipital cortex (TOC) where visual-perceptual features may be represented,andprefrontalcortex(PFC)whichmaycontributetofeatureselection.Tractographyrevealeddorsal and ventral stream white matter (WM) projections between PFC and TOC. Patients had greater difficulty with natural than manufactured objects. This was associated with greater overlap between diseased GM areas corre- lated with natural kinds in patients and fMRI activation in healthy adults for natural kinds. The dorsal WM pro- jectionbetweenPFCandTOCinpatientscorrelatedonlywith judgmentsofnatural kinds.Patientsthusremained dependent on the same neural network as controls during judgments of natural kinds, despite disease in these areas. For manufactured objects, patients' judgments showed limited correlations with PFC and TOC GM areas activated by controls, and did not correlate with the PFC-TOC dorsal WM tract. Regions outside of the PFC- TOC network thus may help support patients' judgments of manufactured objects. We conclude that a large-scale neural network for semantic memory implicates both feature knowledge representations in modality-specific association cortex and heteromodal regions important for accessing this knowledge, and that patients' relative deficit for natural kinds is due in part to their dependence on this network despite disease in these areas.
Prospective assessment of C4d deposits on circulating cells and renal tissues in lupus nephritis: a pilot study

Complement activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN), a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We prospectively evaluated 15 LN subjects and two control groups: 13 non-SLE renal subjects (control A) and 239 SLE subjects without LN (control B). All had C4d levels on circulating erythrocytes (E-C4d), reticulocytes (R-C4d) and platelets (P-C4d) measured by flow cytometry, while C4d deposition in renal tissue was semiquantitatively assessed in LN subjects and control A using immunoperoxidase staining. Compared with control A, LN biopsies had higher glomerular-C4d scores (p = 0.003), which were associated with more frequent granular glomerular immunofluorescence staining and electron dense deposits (p < 0.001). Compared with control A and B groups, LN subjects had higher E-C4d (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005) and R-C4d levels (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008), respectively. LN subjects were more likely to have P-C4d compared with control A (p = 0.016). In LN, only E-C4d correlated with National Institutes of Health (NIH) activity index (r = 0.55, p = 0.04). In conclusion, LN biopsies showed frequent glomerular-C4d staining associated with immune complex deposits. LN subjects had higher E-C4d and R-C4d levels compared with both control groups. E-C4d levels also correlated with NIH activity index. These findings suggest a potential role of C4d on circulating cells as a biomarker for lupus nephritis.
Systematic review with meta-analysis: mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease.

SummaryBackground Clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) do not reliably correlate with endoscopic activity. While treating to achieve clinical remission (CR) has neither proven to improve CD outcomes nor alter the natural disease course, it is unclear whether targeting objective measures like mucosal healing (MH) is associated with improved long-term outcomes. Aim To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing long-term outcomes in active CD patients who achieve MH compared to those who do not. Methods We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies with prospective cohorts of active CD patients that included outcomes of patients who achieved MH at first endoscopic assessment (MH1) compared to those who did not. The primary outcome was long-term (≥50 weeks) CR. Secondary outcomes included CD-related surgery-free rate, hospitalisation-free rate and long-term MH rate. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Twelve studies with 673 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients achieving MH1 had a pooled OR of 2.80 (95%CI, 1.91–4.10) for achieving long-term CR, 2.22 (95%CI, 0.86–5.69) for CD-related surgery-free rate, and 14.30 (95%CI, 5.57–36.74) for long-term MH. Sensitivity analyses suggested no difference in outcomes if MH1 was achieved on biologics vs. non-biologics. No significant publication bias or heterogeneity was detected. Conclusions Achieving MH1 is associated with increased rates of long-term clinical remission, and maintenance of mucosal healing in active Crohn's disease and may therefore be a reasonable therapeutic target.
Home and Community-Based Long Term Services and Supports: Health Reform’s Most Enduring Legacy?

In its implementation phase, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been beset (to put in mildly) by a plethora of legal, political, technical, economic, and ethical challenges. The ultimate achievement of the ACA’s purported fundamental goal — universal access to affordable, high quality health care — is far from assured. Putting aside the ill-fated Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS) Act portion of the ACA and some additional public disclosure requirements imposed on nursing facilities, long-term supports and services (LTSS) unfortunately was not a pressing priority of either the ACA drafters or its supporters. It is, therefore, ironic that perhaps one of the most lasting and important legacies of the present health reform era may well be its impact on the permanent expansion of home and community-based long-term services and supports (HCBLTSS). This article discusses the ongoing evolution in the long-term care of older Americans away from institutional arrangements and toward HCBLTSS. More specifically, the actual and potential role of the ACA and other facets of health reform in promoting or inhibiting the success of HCBLTSS in meeting the needs of an aging population are analyzed and future challenges are identified.
Convergence of desktop and web applications on a multi-service OS

A paradigm shift has been taking place in the personal computer sharing model: a computer is no longer shared by users, but shared by mutually distrusting applications or other content. This multi-application sharing model is mismatched with today's multi-user operating systems like Windows and Linux, which offer protection only across users. This mismatch contributes significantly to today's malware problem: a user is often tricked to download and install malware which runs with the privileges of the user or even with escalated privileges to harm the user's machine. Web-centric computing is another significant trend in computing, which makes web browsers a dominant client application platform. The browser platform supports a multi-application sharing model. However, today's web browsers have never been designed and constructed as an operating system: different web site principals may coexist in the same protection domain, and there is no coherent support for resource access, control, and sharing. This makes browsers a vulnerable and functionally limited platform. In the light of these two trends, we envision ServiceOS, a multi-service OS on which web applications and traditional desktop applications converge. "Service" comes from "Software-as-a-Service". A service is some generic content which can be either code or data. Services are hosted in the cloud and cached on the client. The owner of the service is an OS principal. ServiceOS will enable an application model that synthesizes the best elements from both desktop and web applications, providing fundamentally better security without sacrificing functionality. We sketch our design and present open challenges for this new paradigm of computing.
Zener tunneling and photocurrent generation in quasi-metallic carbon nanotube pn-devices.

We investigate the electronic and optoelectronic properties of quasi-metallic nanotube pn-devices, which have smaller band gaps than most known bulk semiconductors. These carbon nanotube-based devices deviate from conventional bulk semiconductor device behavior due to their low-dimensional nature. We observe rectifying behavior based on Zener tunneling of ballistic carriers instead of ideal diode behavior, as limited by the diffusive transport of carriers. We observe substantial photocurrents at room temperature, suggesting that these quasi-metallic pn-devices may have a broader impact in optoelectronic devices. A new technique based on photocurrent spectroscopy is presented to identify the unique chirality of nanotubes in a functional device. This chirality information is crucial in obtaining a theoretical understanding of the underlying device physics that depends sensitively on nanotube chirality, as is the case for quasi-metallic nanotube devices. A detailed model is developed to fit the observed I–V ...
An immune chromatographic method for assay in serum of antibodies to glucagon and insulin.

Conclusions1. By simple descending chromatography, using ion-exchange resin-impregnated paper (30% Amberlite I.R.C. 50, WA-1 of Rohm and Haas Co.), the successful production in serum of antibodies against glucagon and/or insulin is easily demonstrable. These antibodies can be qualitatively assayed in serum by this method, which can also serve for macro-quantitative assay of the specific antibody. 2. The antibodies produced against glucagon and/or insulin are specific without cross-reaction. They are of the non-flocculating and non-precipitating type.
Desperate for a Drink

This case discusses a drug–gene interaction involving the poor metabolism of amitriptyline by the cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme pathway, leading to toxicity.
257 HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION BREATH-HOLD CINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CORRELATES WITH TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING IN REVEALING VENTRICULAR DSSYNCHRONY IN HEART FAILURE.

Purpose Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves symptoms in heart failure (HF) patients with ventricular dyssynchrony. At present, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can assess differences in contraction times between regions of the left ventricle and may predict which patients will response to CRT. Conventional MRI sequences are inadequate to detect such subtle differences. High temporal resolution (HTR), on the order of 200 Hz, is required. In this study, we compare segmental cardiac contraction parameters in HF and controls using a novel MRI sequence with such resolution. Methods Eleven healthy volunteers and six patients with NYHA class III-IV HF (2 non-ischemic, 4 ischemic, QRS 122 ± 42) were scanned using a high temporal resolution TRUFISP cine sequence (TR/TE 5.1/1.1 ms; FA 58; FOV 236*360 mm; matrix 92*192; slice thickness 7 mm, bandwidth 964 Hz/pixel) on a 1.5 T MR system (Siemen9s Avanto). Images were analyzed on post-processing software platforms, Siemen9s Medical Solution. Time from onset of QRS (trigger) to minimal regional endocardial volume and maximal wall thickness (peak regional contraction [Tp]) was determined for all the standard 16-segment cardiac regions. Echo TDI for HF were also compared to MRI parameters. Results There was significant differences in the Tp times between HF and controls (delta Tp) in the mid inferior and mid infero-lateral segments (70 ms ± 78 ms for HF vs 3.0 ms + 11 ms for normals, p = .01), as well as mid anterior and mid antero-lateral segments (62.0 ms ± 105 ms for HF vs -4.0 ms ± 9.7 ms for normals, p = .05) (Table). Furthermore, positive correlation coefficients were obtained when dyssynchrony indices in the basal postero-septal and basal infero-lateral segments (corr = 0.53), as well as basal antero-septal and basal infero-lateral segments (corr = 0.91) obtained by MRI were compared to TDI derived values. Conclusions HF patients have significant regional contraction delays and dyssynchrony, which can be detected by HTR breath-hold cine MRI with good correlation to values as measured by TDI. Larger trials are on going to confirm our findings.
Strategies for the Treatment of Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death in women. Although premenopausal women experience less CHD than men, mortality from CHD increases more rapidly in women over the age of 60. There are also significant racial differences in mortality among women. Some of these differences can be attributed to genetics, but there are fundamental differences in practice patterns which might contribute to inequality. Coincident with the recent increase in CHD mortality is a growing failure to adequately treat hypertension. The current guidelines for the treatment of hypertension are gender neutral. However, this approach does not account for differences in side effects or treatment failure rates, which vary by gender. It also does not account for gender specific physiologic differences in susceptibility to CHD. This review summarizes the clinical profile of hypertension in women, the rationale for treatment, and the consequences of therapy, with an emphasis on age and gender biased risk assessment. The results of recent trials of antihypertensive therapy in postmenopausal women are reviewed. (c)1999 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.
Recruiting Industry’s Supervisors

On hearing the phrase “Russian intelligentsia,” most of us first think of the young nineteenth-century authors, students, artists, and philosophers who struggled to free the minds and souls of Russia’s people from Tsarist oppression. These men and women, always fairly small in number, nevertheless established a tradition of erudition and activism that inspired generations and set the prototype for a Russian intelligent. By the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the less flamboyant category of working professionals had also laid claim to the label “intelligentsia.” Although more pragmatic and wealth-oriented than the full-time revolutionaries and avant-gardists in their midst, these lawyers, doctors, engineers, and university professors legitimately shared the intelligentsia’s sense of mission as they endeavored to establish an autonomous public sphere. Through their involvement with the Kadet and Octobrist parties, many of these good citizens demonstrated that they too were capable of revolutionary action.
Estimating willingness to pay for a threatened species within a threatened ecosystem

This study conducts a choice experiment to determine the willingness to pay for Palouse Prairie conservation. The giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus americanus), a rare species endemic to the Palouse region, is included as an attribute of conservation and serves as a method for determining the willingness to pay for protecting the species. This method evaluates the value of the earthworm as an attribute of an overall willingness to pay for threatened ecosystem preservation rather than a direct willingness to pay for protecting the species. This method is expected to yield a more accurate measure of willingness to pay for rare species. The annual willingness to pay per household for the giant Palouse earthworm is $20.45 based on the conditional logit model and $19.30 based on the mixed logit model. Ranking and relative importance are included as methods for representing a non-monetary value and importance of the giant Palouse earthworm.
Combining type-checking with model-checking for system verification

We present ATS/PML, a modeling language with an expressive type system (supporting both dependent types and linear types), and argue that the types in ATS/PML can be of great help in detecting modeling errors at compile-time. On one hand, we introduce modeling primitives with well-designed types into ATS/PML to facilitate a synergic combination of type-checking with model-checking. On the other hand, we compile ATS/PML into Promela so that the SPIN model-checker can be readily employed to perform checking on models constructed in ATS/PML.
Detection of lateral composition modulation by magnetoexciton spectroscopy

An experimental signature for detecting spontaneous lateral composition modulation in a (InAs){sub n}/(GaAs){sub m} short period superlattice on an InP substrate based on magnetoexciton spectroscopy described. The authors find by aligning the magnetic field in three crystallographic directions, one parallel to and the other two perpendicular to the composition modulation direction, that the magnetoexciton shifts are anisotropic and are a good indicator for the presence of composition modulation.
Virucidal Activity of Fogged Chlorine Dioxide- and Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Disinfectants against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogate, Feline Calicivirus, on Hard-to-Reach Surfaces

Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Norovirus is shed in high numbers in the feces and vomitous of infected individuals. Contact surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids harboring infectious virus particles serve as vehicles for pathogen transmission. Environmental stability of NoV and its resistance to many conventional disinfectants necessitate effective inactivation strategies to control the spread of virus. We investigated the efficacy of two commercial disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide (7.5%) and a chlorine dioxide (0.2%)-surfactant-based product using a fogging delivery system against human NoV GI.6 and GII.4 Sydney strains as well as the cultivable surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV) dried on stainless steel coupons. Log10 reductions in human NoV and FCV were calculated utilizing RNase RT-qPCR and infectivity (plaque) assay, respectively. An improved antiviral activity of hydrogen peroxide as a function of disinfectant formulation concentration in the atmosphere was observed against both GII.4 and FCV. At 12.4 ml/m3, hydrogen peroxide achieved a respective 2.5±0.1 and 2.7±0.3 log10 reduction in GI.6 and GII.4 NoV genome copies, and a 4.3±0.1 log10 reduction in infectious FCV within 5 min. At the same disinfectant formulation concentration, chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product resulted in a respective 1.7±0.2, 0.6±0.0 and 2.4±0.2 log10 reduction in GI.6, GII.4 and FCV within 10 min; however, increasing the disinfectant formulation concentration to 15.9 ml/m3 negatively impacted its efficacy. Fogging uniformly delivered the disinfectants throughout the room, and effectively decontaminated viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide delivered by fog showed promising virucidal activity against FCV by meeting the U.S. EPA 4-log10 reduction criteria for an anti-noroviral disinfectant; however, fogged chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product did not achieve a 4-log10 inactivation. Future investigation aimed at optimizing decontamination practices is warranted.
Glass Transition Temperature and Density Scaling in Cumene at Very High Pressure.

We present a new method that allows direct measurements of the glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}$ at pressures up to 4.55 GPa in the glass-forming liquid cumene (isopropylbenzene). This new method uses a diamond anvil cell and can measure ${T}_{g}$ at pressures of 10 GPa or greater. Measuring ${T}_{g}$ at the $\mathrm{glass}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{liquid}$ transition involves monitoring the disappearance of pressure gradients initially present in the glass, but also takes advantage of the large increase in the volume expansion coefficient ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{p}$ at ${T}_{g}$ as the supercooled or superpressed liquid is entered. Accurate ${T}_{g}(P)$ values in cumene allow us to show that density scaling holds along this isochronous line up to pressures much higher than any previous study, corresponding to a density increase of 29%. Our results for cumene over this huge compression range yield ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}/T=C$, where C is a constant and where $\ensuremath{\gamma}=4.77\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ for this nonassociated glass-forming system. Finally, high-pressure cumene viscosity data from the literature taken at much lower pressures and at several different temperatures, corresponding to a large dynamic range of nearly 13 orders of magnitude, are shown to superimpose on a plot of $\ensuremath{\eta}$ vs ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}/T$ for the same value of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$.
The Lived Experience of Culture and Mental Illness in Indonesia

The authors revisit classic topics in the cross-cultural study of mental illness, such as explanatory models and treatment modalities; review literature and key concepts in the psychiatric and ethnographic study of mental illness in Java and Bali, where Afflictions takes place, including local histories of mental health care, subjective experience of illness and treatment, and sociocultural aspects of recovery; and relate these to their representation in the series. Afflictions presents its findings using six character-based case studies to make psychological anthropology concepts tangible. Film is well suited to such studies when imbued with emotion, conflict, and other forms of “real-life” drama. The cross-cutting themes—and idiosyncrasies—are further elaborated in the next part of the book, each chapter of which addresses a different film.
Improving Digital Library Experiences and Support with Online Research Guides.

With a goal of improving the development and delivery of effective online information literacy resources, the purpose of this study was to look at how program level and the timing of the introduction of a Literature Review library guide influenced online business student perceived value of the resource. A population of undergraduate business students (N=355) and online MBA students (N=319) were introduced to a Literature Review library guide during specific points in their programs. Students were asked to complete an online survey that included 17 closed-ended items designed to measure perceived usefulness, satisfaction and likeliness to use the guide again. The survey also included two open-ended questions asking students to discuss those elements of the guide they found most valuable and whether any features had not been included in the guide, but which they would have liked to see. The data collection strategy required faculty post information about the Literature Review library guide and the survey in their courses at two specified times in the course. A low response rate (3.5%) resulted from inconsistencies in faculty including information about the guide and study in their courses. Although the small sample size (n=24) limited the planned analysis and resulted in no statistical significance between groups, descriptive findings were reported, and trends were used to revise the resource and inform future development of library research guides. Overall, students reported being satisfied with the resource and found it usable. Graduate students were more likely to report elements of the guide that supported effective search and evaluation strategies were valuable; whereas, undergraduate students tended to value the links to writing resources. Student feedback also suggested that the earlier the guide was introduced in the program, the more likely students would use the resource. Adopting a model that embeds resource guides early, and aligning guide content with the curriculum should lead to increased use of the resource.
Skin-based hyperspectral dismount detection using sparse representation

This paper presents a sparsity-based dismount detection algorithm for hyperspectral skin signatures in conjunction with the sequential forward feature selection (SFFS) scheme. The proposed sparsity-based detection (SD) approach relies on the observation that spectral signatures belonging to the same class approximately lie in a low-dimensional subspace. An unknown test sample can be represented by only a few training samples in the structured dictionary, and the underlying sparse representation vector contains discriminative information for detection. The proposed algorithm is applicable to both spectrally pure as well as mixed pixels. Experimental results show that the SD approach outperforms classical hyper-spectral detection algorithms such as the adaptive coherence estimation (ACE) algorithm, orthogonal subspace projection (OSP), and the adaptive matched subspace detector (AMSD).
The eosinophil: For better or worse, in sickness and in health.

The eosinophil is a leukocyte whose granules stain beautifully and avidly with the acidic red dye eosin (also known as bromoeosin, solvent red 43, 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromofluorescein or C20H8Br4O5). This cell, or a counterpart of this cell, exists in virtually all vertebrates (see Figure 1).1 Even though its existence has only been appreciated for about 150 years, estimates based on evolutionary considerations suggest that the eosinophil lineage is several hundred million years old.2 The fact that this cell type has survived the test of time, including evolutionary pressures, and has been retained as part of innate immunity highlights the important benefits that eosinophils must provide to its host. Yet as clinicians, when elevated numbers show up in a tissue biopsy or on a blood count (typical normal levels 500 per μL, with the term hypereosinophilia reserved for eosinophil counts >1,500 per μL), distinct subsets of disorders come to mind, so for most of us, this enigmatic cell is instead more often thought of as a troublemaker. Nevertheless, the purpose of this review is to highlight the biology of eosinophils in both sickness and in health. The focus will primarily be restricted to what is known about the useful things eosinophils do, while at the same time providing an update on our current thinking regarding pathogenesis of eosinophil-related disorders, primarily in adults. For those interested in exploring this general topic even further, it has been the subject of one wide-ranging textbook3 and several reviews.4–7 And for those seeking comprehensive reviews on diagnosis and treatment of eosinophil-related diseases, the reader is referred elsewhere.8–13 Open in a separate window Figure 1 Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Romanowsky-dye (R&D) stained preparations of hematopoietic tissues from representative animals of the five (5) classes of Vertebrata reveal the ubiquitous presence of a uniquely eosinophilic lineage in this sub-phylum. Leukocytes displaying the unique polymorphonucleus and the eosin-binding cytoplasmic granules characteristic of eosinophils are identifiable (arrowheads) in Mammalia (Homo sapiens (human, H&E) and Mus musculus (mouse, R&D)), Aves (Columba livia (rock pigeon, H&E)), Reptilia (Pogona vitticeps (Bearded Dragon, R&D)), Amphibia (Rana pipens (leopard frog, H&E)), and Osteichthyes (Tilapia aurea (Tilapia, H&E)). Scale bar = 20μm. Reproduced from 1.