cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What can we offer patients with mild cognitive impairment

Physicians can promote healthy nutrition, physical activity, socialization, and mental activity, but no drug is approved for it.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic: Uses of Iodine

The authors list and explain the five properties of radioactive iodine—I131—which make this isotope most useful in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease. The various types of diagnostic use of I131 are described along with the value and limitations of these methods. Indications for the therapeutic use of radioiodine are discussed.
Human Activity Classification Based on Dynamic Time Warping of an On-Body Creeping Wave Signal

The characteristics of a nonline-of-sight on-body creeping wave are utilized to classify human motion activities. Creeping wave propagation around the torso of a nonmoving human is reviewed. Its associated complex transmission data are measured for six different motion activities on both male and female subjects. A dynamic time warping algorithm is applied on the signal magnitude and phase data for pattern recognition. The study is extended to different on-body channels and frequencies for comparisons.
Expanding Access: Loan of Original Materials in Special Collections

The interinstitutional loan of special collections for research purposes has the potential to expand significantly access to the unique documentary resources of the nation’s libraries. However, most special collection librarians would argue that because of the uniqueness of their material, one should not take unnecessary risks with it. Although they would see temporary loans as risky, precedents do exist, including the long-term success of several statewide archival networks which freely exchange unique materials between members. Additionally the development and implementation of the RLIN AMC format was initiated in order to broaden bibliographic accessibility nationally. It seems that these two concepts . . .
UTP – Gated Signaling Pathways of 5-HT Release from BON Cells as a Model of Human Enterochromaffin Cells

Background: Enterochromaffin cells (EC) synthesize and release 5-HT and ATP to trigger or modulate gut neural reflexes and transmit information about visceral / pain sensation. Alterations in 5-HT signaling mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD or IBS, but the pharmacologic or molecular mechanisms modulating Ca2+-dependent 5-HT release are not understood. Previous studies indicated that purinergic signaling via ATP and ADP is an important mechanism in modulation of 5-HT release. However, EC cells also respond to UTP and UDP suggesting uridine triphosphate receptor and signaling pathways are involved as well. We tested the hypothesis that UTP is a regulator of 5-HT release in human EC cells. Methods: UTP signaling mechanisms were studied in BON cells, a human EC model, using Fluo-4/Ca2+imaging, patch-clamp, pharmacological analysis, immunohistochemistry, western blots and qPCR. 5-HT release was monitored in BON or EC isolated from human gut surgical specimens (hEC). Results: UTP, UTPS, UDP or ATP induced Ca2+oscillations in BON. UTP evoked a biphasic concentration-dependent Ca2+response. Cells responded in the order of UTP, ATP>UTPS>UDP>>MRS2768, BzATP, me-ATP>MRS2365, MRS2690, NF546. Different proportions of cells activated by UTP and ATP also responded to UTPS (P2Y4, 50% cells), UDP (P2Y6, 30%), UTPS and UDP (14%) or MRS2768 (<3%). UTP Ca2+responses were blocked with inhibitors of PLC, IP3R, SERCA Ca2+pump, La3+sensitive Ca2+channels or chelation of intracellular free Ca2+ by BAPTA/AM. Inhibitors of L-type, TRPC, ryanodine-Ca2+pools, PI3-Kinase, PKC or SRC-Kinase had no effect. UTP stimulated voltage-sensitive Ca2+currents (ICa), Vm-depolarization and inhibited IK (not IA) currents. An IKv7.2/7.3 K+ channel blocker XE991 mimicked UTP-induced Vm-depolarization and blocked UTP-responses. XE-991 blocked IK and UTP caused further reduction. La3+ or PLC inhibitors blocked UTP depolarization; PKC inhibitors, thapsigargin or zero Ca2+buffer did not. UTP stimulated 5-HT release in EC expressing TPH1, 5-HT, P2Y4/P2Y6R. Zero-Ca2+buffer augmented Ca2+responses and 5-HT release. Conclusions: UTP activates a predominant P2Y4R pathway to trigger Ca2+oscillations via internal Ca2+mobilization through a PLC/IP3/IP3R/SERCA Ca2+signaling pathway to stimulate 5-HT release; Ca2+influx is inhibitory. UTP-induced Vm-depolarization depends on PLC signaling and an unidentified K channel (which appears independent of Ca2+oscillations or Ica/VOCC). UTP-gated signaling pathways triggered by activation of P2Y4R stimulate 5-HT release.
A General Effect Representation for Operating System Commands

OSCON (Operating System CONsultant) is a computer program which answers, in English, English queries about computer operating systems. The program answers queries in less than 2.5 seconds. The program accepts input in the form of typed English queries and answers queries queries on over 40 commands. OSCON is intended to be a consultant for various types of users who may ask vague and detailed queries. OSCON is programmed in Quintus Prolog. Unique to this operating system consultant is the fact that it answers queries on more than one operating system. This is enabled by the general effect representation used for describing the effects of commands. The representation contains information about the effect name, objects of the effect, and the location where the effect will apply. The representation is used for describing commands from the UNIX † and MS-DOS† operating systems.
Effects of growth stage and growing degree day accumulations on triticale forages: 2. In vitro disappearance of neutral detergent fiber.

ABSTRACT The use of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) in dairy-cropping systems has expanded greatly in recent years, partly because of its value as a forage crop but also to improve land stewardship by providing winter ground cover. Our objectives were to use 2-pool and 3-pool nonlinear models to characterize in vitro disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and then describe the relationship between estimated parameters from those models with plant growth stage or growing degree days (GDD) >5°C for winter triticale forages harvested during 2016 and 2017 in Marshfield, Wisconsin. Forages were harvested from replicated field plots each year at growth stages ranging from stem elongation to soft dough. All NDF analyses included use of sodium sulfite and heat-stable α-amylase with residual fiber corrected for contaminant ash (asNDFom). Nonlinear 3-pool models for in vitro disappearance of asNDFom that included fast (Bfast) and slow (Bslow) disappearance pools as well as an associated disappearance rate for each (Kdfast and Kdslow, respectively) were easily fitted provided that a single discrete lag time was applied to both Bfast and Bslow pools to reduce the number of parameters to be estimated. An unresolved issue related to fitting 3-pool decay models was the incomplete recovery of asNDFom from immature triticale forages at 0 h, which was partially resolved with 2 approaches that produced similar estimates of Kdfast and Kdslow. Most parameters obtained from 2- and 3-pool decay models for asNDFom could be related to growth stage or GDD using polynomial regression techniques, often with high coefficients of determination (R2). For 3-pool models of asNDFom disappearance, Bslow increased with plant maturity, but the associated Kdslow ranged narrowly from 0.011 to 0.015/h and could not be related to growth stage or GDD by quartic, cubic, quadratic, or linear regression models. Despite different cultivars coupled with substantial differences in precipitation across years, single endpoint estimates of in vitro disappearance of asNDFom after 24, 30, or 48 h of incubation were closely related (R2 ≥ 0.906) to growth stage and GDD by linear or quadratic regression models that were generally similar across production years. Typical recommendations for harvesting triticale at boot stage to facilitate the planting of a double crop are strongly supported by the extensive 30-h in vitro disappearance of asNDFom at that growth stage, which was 63.1 and 64.8% of asNDFom during 2016 and 2017, respectively.
Optimization of Power Distribution System with Microgrids Using

Distributed Energy Resources, (DER) such as solar power, wind power, fuel cell, biomass, battery, smart inverters, are becoming more prominent in power distribution systems. TheMicrogrid (MG), a mix of the DER, is a platform which harnesses the potentials locked in these DER. High penetrations of MG sources have greatly impacted the parameters of the power system network. This paper develops indices to optimize voltage stability and loss reduction on the power grid utilizing Microgrid units. The technique used to evaluate the impact of MGs on a distribution power system is the Genetic Algorithm in MATLAB, which determines the optimal placement and size of the MG unit with an emphasis on improving overall integrity of the grid network. The usefulness of the technique is validated on modified IEEE 14 and 57 bus test system.
Establishing Parity in Middle and Secondary Co-taught Classrooms

Co-teaching is one approach for providing instruction in the general education classroom for students with and without disabilities. In this approach, two licensed teachers (usually one general edu...
Evidence Matters: Winter 2016

The federal government’s recognition of the connection between housing and health predates HUD’s existence as an agency. The United States Housing Act of 1937 created the United States Housing Authority within the U.S. Department of Interior with a mission “to remedy the unsafe and insanitary housing conditions and the acute shortage of decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for families of low income, in rural or urban communities, that are injurious to the health, safety, and morals of the citizens of the Nation.” When HUD became a cabinet-level agency in 1965, improving health and sanitary housing conditions was part of its mission. Over the past five decades, the agency has made great progress in reducing the number of Americans living in substandard housing, and HUD’s Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control supports a wide range of research and grantmaking to promote health and reduce lead-based paint and other household hazards — the office’s great work can be seen throughout this issue.
418. Evaluation of β-d-Glucan (BG) and Galactomannan (GM) Detection Assays in the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections in High-Risk Pediatric Cancer Patients

Background Diagnosing IFD in pediatric patients is challenging: cultures are often negative and diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers such as β-d-glucan assay (BG) and galactomannan assay (GM) is unclear. The 2017 International Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Guideline Panel recommended against the use of fungal biomarkers for the diagnosis of IFD in pediatric patients.
Associations of Evolutionary-Concordance Diet, Mediterranean Diet and Evolutionary-Concordance Lifestyle Pattern Scores With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality

Various individual diet and lifestyle factors are associated with mortality. Investigating these factors collectively may help clarify whether dietary and lifestyle patterns contribute to life expectancy. We investigated the association of previously described evolutionary-concordance and Mediterranean diet pattern scores and a novel evolutionary-concordance lifestyle pattern score with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the prospective Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-2012). We created the diet pattern scores from Willett FFQ responses, and the lifestyle pattern score from self-reported physical activity, BMI and smoking status, and assessed their associations with mortality, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Of the 35 221 55- to 69-year-old cancer-free women at baseline, 18 687 died during follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for all-cause, all CVD, and all-cancer mortality among participants in the highest relative to the lowest quintile of the evolutionary-concordance lifestyle score were, respectively, 0·52 (95 % CI 0·50, 0·55), 0·53 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·57) and 0·51 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·57). The corresponding findings for the Mediterranean diet score were HR 0·85 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·90), 0·83 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·90) and 0·93 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·03), and for the evolutionary-concordance diet score they were close to null and not statistically significant. The lowest estimated risk was among those in the highest joint quintile of the lifestyle score and either diet score (both Pinteraction <0·01). Our findings suggest that (1) a more Mediterranean-like diet pattern and (2) a more evolutionary-concordant lifestyle pattern, alone and in interaction with a more evolutionary-concordant or Mediterranean diet pattern, may be inversely associated with mortality.
Abstract P305: High Fat Diet With Normal Salt Feeding Does Not Change Renal m-TORC Signaling Activities In Male And Female Dahl Salt Sensitive Rats

We have previously reported that high fat diet (HFD) with normal salt feeding strongly promotes hypertension in both male and female Dahl salt sensitive (SS) rats. Only males, however, exhibit hype...
Comparison of cardiovascular effects of crizotinib and chemotherapy in ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Aim We analyzed cardiac function in two Phase III studies of previously treated (PROFILE 1007) or untreated (PROFILE 1014) ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients & methods Adverse events associated with cardiac failure were compared between treatment arms in each study separately. Cardiac function was assessed prospectively by multigated acquisition scans or echocardiograms. Results In PROFILE 1007 and 1014, incidence of cardiac failure adverse events was 0% (crizotinib) versus 0.6% (chemotherapy) and 2.3% versus 0.6%, respectively. In crizotinib versus chemotherapy arms, respectively, >20% left ventricular ejection fraction decreases occurred in 0/19 (0%) versus 1/16 (6.3%) patients from PROFILE 1007 and 4/150 (2.7%) versus 10/150 (6.7%) patients from PROFILE 1014. Conclusion These analyses did not reveal any clinically meaningful changes in myocardial function with crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: PROFILE 1007, NCT00932893; PROFILE 1014, NCT01154140.
Zoning, density, and rising housing prices: A case study in Portland, Oregon:

This study uses path analysis models to evaluate the associations between zoning, development density and the sales prices of new and existing single-family homes at the dwelling-unit level in Port...
Use of Vocational Rehabilitation Supports for Postsecondary Education Among Transition-Age Youth on the Autism Spectrum

Transition-age youth with autism (TAY-ASD) experience poor employment outcomes and gaps in services that could assist them in securing jobs. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is a source of public assistance for people with disabilities seeking employment and TAY-ASD are a growing segment of VR service users. Postsecondary education (PSE) is essential for building vocational skills, contributing to employment satisfaction and better wages. VR provides services to support PSE success. Fewer TAY-ASD received PSE training from VR (18%) than TAY with other disabilities (32%), but more than TAY with an intellectual disability (15%). TAY-ASD who received PSE training were more likely to exit VR with a job. The importance of PSE to employment should be considered in TAY-ASD who seek employment supports.
Deconstructing Victim-Blaming, Dehumanization, and Othering: Using Empathy to Develop a Sociological Imagination:

The sociological imagination is a core component of all introductory sociology courses. A main focus of this perspective is how social forces are related to individual lives. Undergraduates are often socialized to rely on individualistic explanations of public issues. These explanations often blame, dehumanize, and other the victim, thereby inhibiting the understanding and application of structural analyses. A classroom activity that sought to increase empathy by showing video clips of individuals affected by the issues followed by a focused discussion of their experience was developed, implemented, and assessed. Results comparing pretests and posttests of students who engaged in the activity and those who were taught via more traditional methods indicate the exercise reduced victim-blaming and increased understanding of the sociological imagination. The pedagogical implications of these results for teaching introductory sociology are discussed along with the promise of sociology in the current socio-political context.
CO 2 Laser Optically Pumped by a Tunable 4.3 μm Laser Source

A 10 μm CO 2 laser optically pumped by a tunable Fe: ZnSe laser is reported. Gain dynamics, slope efficiency, and self-focusing are studied, demonstrating potential use of an optically pumped CO 2 medium for picosecond pulse amplification. © 2019 The Author(s)
Abstract 1218: EMP2 serves as a novel target for immunotoxin mediated ovarian cancer therapy

Ovarian cancer (OC) currently accounts for only ~2% of all new cancer cases per year, but once diagnosed, patients only show a 5 year survival of 30%. Subdivided into four subtypes: serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma, high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70-80% of the ovarian cancer deaths. Immunoconjugates represent an innovative therapeutic approach to deliver a deadly payload to a tumor cell with more specificity and potentially less avenues for resistance than either can exert individually. However, it has been a challenge to find candidates as well as implement conjugation strategies to achieve these goals for a number of cancers. Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is over-expressed in a number of cancers in women including 70% of ovarian tumors, with up to 88% of advanced serous carcinomas showing high expression of the antigen. With an eye towards therapy, we have recently developed an IgG1 targeting the extracellular domain of EMP2 with single digit nM affinity. As the antibody-antigen complex rapidly internalizes, we sought to improve on the efficacy of the naked antibody. Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease that plays a critical role in the body’s defense against viral infection and tumor development by initiating the apoptotic cascade via both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Accordingly, we developed novel fusion proteins composed of the anti-EMP2 backbone as the targeting moiety and granzyme B as the cytotoxic payload. The designs comprised (a) the anti-EMP2 IgG1 with GrB fused to the Fc domain through a cleavable linker, and (b) active GrB fused to the IgG heavy chain (Fc) domain containing 2 single-chain antibodies against EMP2, a format that results in a longer plasma retention time. The constructs were expressed by transient transfection in HEK293E cells and purified to homogeneity. Flow cytometry and ELISA demonstrated binding properties of the fusion protein with high specificity and sensitivity to EMP2 expression. The enzymatic activity of the fusion construct was similar to commercially-available GrB. Internalization of the immunotoxins was confirmed, and they showed high cytotoxicity to EMP2-positive cells compared to EMP2-negative cells. We predict that these designs may improve therapeutic outcomes for EMP2+ tumors. Citation Format: Khalid Mohamedali, Su-Yin Kok, Lawrence H. Cheung, Michael G. Rosenblum, Madhuri Wadehra. EMP2 serves as a novel target for immunotoxin mediated ovarian cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1218.
Disparities in healthcare transition support received by adolescents with special healthcare needs

Background Transitioning to adult healthcare systems can be challenging, especially if left unaddressed for adolescents with special healthcare needs (ASHCN), such as those with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. While there is evidence of disparities between different demographics regarding general healthcare services, research on healthcare-specific transition planning is lacking. Thus, there is a critical need to continually investigate these disparities. Method Using nationally representative data from the 2016 National Survey for Children's Health, several analyses were conducted to examine doctor-patient interactions and discussions about transitioning to adult health care. Accounting for demographic and diagnostic indicators allowed for the assessment of disparities. Results Findings revealed significant disparities between age, disability and race relative to various healthcare transition support services. Conclusions Findings provide valuable information that can inform the development of training programmes for healthcare providers, influence policy, modify procedures and interventions and highlight the need for increased advocacy for ASHCN.
Assessment of a Segmentation-Free Deep Learning Algorithm for Diagnosing Glaucoma From Optical Coherence Tomography Scans.

Importance Conventional segmentation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is prone to errors that may affect the accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans in detecting glaucomatous damage. Objective To develop a segmentation-free deep learning (DL) algorithm for assessment of glaucomatous damage using the entire circle B-scan image from SD-OCT. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study at a single institution used data from SD-OCT images of eyes with glaucoma (perimetric and preperimetric) and normal eyes. The data set was randomly split at the patient level into a training (50%), validation (20%), and test data set (30%). Data were collected from March 2008 to April 2019, and analysis began April 2018. Exposures A convolutional neural network was trained to discriminate glaucomatous from normal eyes using the SD-OCT circle B-scan without segmentation lines. Main Outcomes and Measures The ability to discriminate glaucoma from healthy eyes was evaluated by comparing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity at 80% or 95% specificity for the DL algorithm’s predicted probability of glaucoma vs conventional RNFL thickness parameters given by SD-OCT software. The performance was also assessed in preperimetric glaucoma, as well as by visual field severity using Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria. Results A total of 20 806 SD-OCT images from 1154 eyes of 635 individuals (612 [53%] with glaucoma and 542 normal eyes [47%]) were included. The mean (SD) age at SD-OCT scan was 70.8 (10.4) years in individuals with glaucoma and 55.8 (14.1) years in controls. There were 187 women (53.3%) in the glaucoma group and 165 (59.8%) in the control group. Of 612 eyes with glaucoma, 432 (70.4%) had perimetric and 180 (29.6%) had preperimetric glaucoma. The DL algorithm had a significantly higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than global RNFL thickness (0.96 vs 0.87; difference = 0.08 [95% CI, 0.04-0.12]) and each RNFL thickness sector for discriminating between glaucoma and controls (allP Conclusions and Relevance A segmentation-free DL algorithm performed better than conventional RNFL thickness parameters for diagnosing glaucomatous damage on OCT scans, especially in early disease. Future studies should investigate how such an approach contributes to diagnostic decisions when combined with other relevant clinical information, such as risk factors and perimetry results.
Selectivity and Mechanism of Iridium-Catalyzed CyclohexylMethyl Ether Cleavage

Cationic bis(phosphine)iridium complexes are found to catalyze the cleavage of cyclohexyl methyl ethers by triethylsilane. Selectivity for C−O cleavage is determined by the relative rates of SN2 de...
Relationships Between Opioid-Related Hospitalizations and Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment Hospitalizations in Pennsylvania Across Space and Time:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment outcomes are markedly associated with substance abuse disorders. However, few studies have explored these serious family violence outcomes in ...
Patterns of stress generation differ depending on internalizing symptoms, alcohol use, and personality traits in early adulthood: a five year longitudinal study.

Depression is thought to generate stressful life events. However, other internalizing symptoms such as anxiety or post-traumatic stress and individual difference variables such as personality trait...
Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma develops in mice with conditional Arid1a loss and gain of oncogenic Kras driven by progesterone receptor-Cre.

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are a common finding in endometrial cancers. Recent sequencing studies indicate that loss-of-function mutations in the ARID1A gene are enriched in gynecologic malignant tumors. However, neither of these genetic insults alone are sufficient to develop gynecologic cancer. To determine the role of the combined effects of deletion of Arid1a and oncogenic Kras, Arid1aflox/flox mice were crossed with KrasLox-Stop-Lox-G12D/+ mice using progesterone receptor Cre (PgrCre/+). Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry of survival studies were used to characterize the mutant mouse phenotype. Hormone dependence was evaluated by ovarian hormone depletion and estradiol replacement. Arid1aflox/flox; KrasLox-Stop-Lox-G12D/+; PgrCre/+ mice were euthanized early because of invasive vaginal squamous cell carcinoma. Younger mice had precancerous intraepithelial lesions. Immunohistochemistry supported the pathological diagnosis with abnormal expression and localization of cytokeratin 5, tumor protein P63, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, and Ki-67, the marker of proliferation. Ovarian hormone deletion in Arid1aflox/flox; KrasLox-Stop-Lox-G12D/+; PgrCre/+ mice resulted in atrophic vaginal epithelium without evidence of vaginal tumors. Estradiol replacement in ovarian hormone–depleted Arid1aflox/flox; KrasLox-Stop-Lox-G12D/+; PgrCre/+ mice resulted in lesions that resembled the squamous cell carcinoma in intact mice. Therefore, this mouse can be used to study the transition from benign precursor lesions into invasive vaginal human papillomavirus–independent squamous cell carcinoma, offering insights into progression and pathogenesis of this rare disease.
High-resolution view of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase initiation complexes and inhibition by NNRTI drugs.

Reverse transcription of the HIV-1 viral RNA genome (vRNA) is an integral step in virus replication. Upon viral entry, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) initiates from a host tRNALys3 primer bound to the vRNA genome and is the target of key antivirals, such as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Initiation proceeds slowly with discrete pausing events along the vRNA template. Despite prior medium-resolution structural characterization of reverse transcriptase initiation complexes (RTICs), higher-resolution structures of the RTIC are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie initiation. Here we report cryo-EM structures of the core RTIC, RTIC–nevirapine, and RTIC–efavirenz complexes at 2.8, 3.1, and 2.9 A, respectively. In combination with biochemical studies, these data suggest a basis for rapid dissociation kinetics of RT from the vRNA–tRNALys3 initiation complex and reveal a specific structural mechanism of nucleic acid conformational stabilization during initiation. Finally, our results show that NNRTIs inhibit the RTIC and exacerbate discrete pausing during early reverse transcription. Initiation of HIV-1 reverse transcription occurs at the host tRNALys3, which forms a complex with the 5’ end of the HIV-1 viral RNA and reverse transcriptase (RT). Here, the authors present the 2.8 A cryo-EM structure of a minimal HIV-1 RT–vRNA–tRNALys3 initiation complex (miniRTIC), and miniRTIC structures with the bound non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nevirapine and efavirenz at 3.1 and 2.9 A resolution, respectively.
Safety Concerns or Adverse Effects as the Main Reason for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Refusal: National Immunization Survey–Teen, 2008 to 2019

Vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) is effective at preventing several squamous cell carcinomas, yet the population-level uptake of the vaccine remains low in the US. Several factors contribute to HPV vaccine hesitancy and refusal; of note, safety concerns rank consistently high as a reason for nonvaccination.1,2 The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront the fragility of public confidence in the safety of vaccines.3 Therefore, this study examines safety concerns or adverse effects of the HPV vaccine as the main reason for nonvaccination over an 11-year period.
Smart Distribution Transformer Terminal Used as an IoT Solution for Power Distribution Network Management

Power distribution network management and operation are facing challenges due to the increasing distributed generation penetration and electric vehicle adoption. Traditional distribution transformer terminals are designed to provide specific control and monitoring functions for distribution transformers, thus have limitations in aspects such as inadequate scalability of software and hardware, non-standardized design and proprietary communication which usually requires high cost for upgrading and operation. To address these issues, the smart distribution transformer terminal is proposed and defined with a combination of communication gateway function and distribution network monitoring and control capability. As the core part of power distirbution network management, the functions and design philosophy of smart distribution transformer terminal are presented. The demonstration projects and applications are introduced in the following part.
Using Integrated Technology to Achieve Three-Dimensional WebGIS System in Park Planning

In the field of park planning often use CAD system to aided design. What CAD data has considered is model design and modeling, lack of property information. This paper discusses how to use GIS technology to manage and express that contain three-dimensional model data, property information and the surrounding terrain data. And use GIS technology for data management, spatial query and spatial analysis. WebGIS-based system has also becoming a trend in the field of park planning. This paper focuses on the integration of ArcGIS and SketchUp in three-dimensional modeling use at network, and through the Google Earth Web Plugin to publication at last to achieve three-dimensional WebGIS functions.
Computer Modeling of an Ion Trap Mass Analyzer, Part I: Low Pressure Regime

We present the multi-particle simulation program suite Computational Ion Trap Analyzer (CITA) designed to calculate the ion trajectories within a Paul quadrupole ion trap developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). CITA uses an analytical expression of the electrodynamic field, employing up to six terms in multipole expansion and a modified velocity-Verlet method to numerically calculate ion trajectories. The computer code is multithreaded and designed to run on shared-memory architectures. CITA yields near real-time simulations with full propagation of 26 particles per second per core. As a consequence, a realistic numbers of trapped ions (100+ million) can be used and their trajectories modeled, yielding a representative prediction of mass spectrometer analysis of trace gas species. When the model is compared with experimental results conducted at low pressures using the conventional quadrupole and dipole excitation modes, there is an excellent agreement with the observed peak shapes. Owing to the program’s efficiency, CITA has been used to explore regions of trapping stability that are of interest to experimental research. These results are expected to facilitate a fast and reliable modeling of ion dynamics in miniature quadrupole ion trap and improve the interpretation of observed mass spectra.
Proceedings of the twenty-first annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms

The papers in this volume were presented at the Twenty-First Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, held January 17-19, 2010 in Austin, Texas. The Symposium was jointly sponsored by SIGACT (the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory) and by the SIAM Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics. The program committee accepted 135 submissions of the 445 that were submitted. Some accepted submissions were merged, resulting in 132 papers at the conference. Papers were chosen based on originality, technical contribution, and relevance. The committee was helped immensely in this process by input from over 550 reviewers. We are very grateful to them for their help.
Comparative studies on the steroid metabolism in mammals. I. Characterization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from monkey liver.

Abstract 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase preparation was obtained from soluble fraction of monkey liver by ammonium sulfate fractionation and heat-treatment. The activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was localized in the 50–80% ammonium sulfate fraction and was found to be stable at 37° for 25 hr. This enzyme preparation catalyzed the reduction of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to androst-5-ene-3β, 17β-diol (Adiol), estrone (E 1 ) to estradiol-17β (E 2 ), and androstenedione (A) to testosterone (T). The Michaelis constants ( K m ) for each substrate were: DHEA, 50 μ M ; E 1 , 20 μ M ; and A, 13 μ M . The activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was activated by either NADH or NADPH, NADPH, however, was found to be more effective than NADH. The K m values for NADPH were 170, 120, and 30 μ M , respectively, for the reduction of the 17-oxo group of DHEA, E 1 , and A. NADP inhibited the activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for all three substrates. Both DHEA and E 1 served as competitive substrates for the enzyme. The inhibitor constants were 26 μ M for DHEA and 50 μ M for E 1 . A acted as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme for DHEA, but it acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme for E 1 .
Estrogen-responsive genes encoding egg yolk proteins vitellogenin and apolipoprotein II in chicken are differentially regulated by selective estrogen receptor modulators

In a hen, large quantities of the egg yolk proteins, apolipoprotein II (apo-II) and vitellogenin (VG), are expressed in the liver and transported to the oviduct during egg production. Estrogenic stimulation of the hepatic expression of apo-II and VG is due to both transcriptional increase and mRNA stabilization. The nucleolytic degradation of apo-II messenger RNA (mRNA) is prevented by estrogen-regulated mRNA-stabilizing factor (E-RmRNASF). Gene-specific effects of a select panel of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the hepatic expression of the estrogen-responsive genes encoding apo-II, VG, and E-RmRNASF in the chicken liver were investigated. In the present study, 6-week-old roosters were treated with the vehicle, estrogen, the SERMs genistein, resveratrol, tamoxifen, pterostilbene, raloxifene, catechin, and clomiphene or a combination of estrogen and a 200-fold excess of each of the SERMs. Results from mRNA stabilization studies conducted to investigate the stimulation of expression of E-RmRNASF in the liver by these agents showed that the expression of E-RmRNASF in the liver was stimulated by estrogen and the SERMs genistein, resveratrol, tamoxifen, pterostilbene, and catechin but not by the vehicle, clomiphene or raloxifene. The expression of apo-II and VG from the aforementioned treatments was determined by Northern blot analysis, RNase protection assays, and Western blot analysis. The transcription and protein expression of both apo-II and VG genes were seen in response to treatment with estrogen but not with the SERMs or combinations of estrogen and each of the SERMs. The SERMs that stimulated the expression of E-RmRNASF antagonized the stimulation of the expression of both apo-II and VG by estrogen, demonstrating a gene-specific, selective regulation of the aforementioned genes in the chicken liver by the SERMs. The above panel of SERMs may likely have adverse effects on egg production.
A New Deal for Native Art: Indian Arts and Federal Policy, 1933–1943

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2009 Pages: 312 Publisher: University of Arizona Press ISBN: 978-0-8165-2766-3 (hard cover).
Pattern synthesis for TechSat21-a distributed spacebased radar system

The TechSat21 space-based radar employs a cluster of free-floating satellites, each of which transmits its own orthogonal signal and receives all reflected signals. The satellites operate coherently at X-band. The cluster forms essentially a multi-element interferometer with a concomitant large number of grating lobes and significant ground clutter. A novel technique for pattern synthesis in angle-frequency space is proposed, which exploits the double periodicities of the grating lobes in the angular domain and of the radar pulses in the frequency domain, and allows substantial gains in clutter suppression. Gains from 7 to 17 dB relative to the normal random, sparse array appear feasible.
Laparoscopic renal biopsy

Laparoscopic renal biopsy. Background Renal biopsy continues to be a pivotal tool and frequently indispensable diagnostic procedure in the clinical assessment of proteinuria and or unexplained renal disease. Laparoscopic renal biopsy has recently been reported as an alternative to open renal biopsy. Methods Thirty-two patients who had proteinuria and/or renal insufficiency underwent laparoscopic renal biopsy at our center. The indications for biopsy included failed percutaneous biopsy ( N = 3), morbid obesity (14), solitary kidney (5), chronic anticoagulation/coagulopathy (6), religious consideration (refusal of potential blood transfusion) (2), multiple bilateral renal cysts and body habitus (1 case each). The kidney was approached via a laparoscopic retroperitoneal route (retroperitoneoscopy) using a two port technique. The lower pole of the kidney was localized using blunt dissection, laparoscopic cup biopsies were performed, and hemostasis was achieved using standard techniques. Results All biopsies were successfully completed laparoscopically with sufficient tissue obtained for histopathological diagnosis in all cases. Mean estimated blood loss was 25.9ml (range 5 to 100). None of the patients required parenteral narcotics during the perioperative period. Operative time ranged from 0.8 to 3.0hours (mean 1.5). Mean hospital stay was 1.7days (range 0 to 7). Sixteen patients were treated as outpatients. Patients returned to normal activity at a mean of 1.7weeks (range 0.3 to 3.0) postoperatively. In one patient, the spleen was inadvertently biopsied without consequence. An additional patient developed a postoperative 300cc perinephric hematoma that resolved without the need for intervention. One postoperative mortality occurred on postoperative day seven secondary to a perforated peptic ulcer in a patient undergoing high-dose steroid therapy for lupus nephritis. Conclusion Laparoscopic renal biopsy is a safe, reliable, minimally invasive alternative to open renal biopsy for patients in whom a closed percutaneous approach is either a relative or absolute contraindication, which can be performed on an outpatient basis.
Two dimensional beam smoothing by spectral dispersion for direct drive inertial confinement fusion

Two dimensional smoothing by spectral dispersion is analyzed by using diffraction theory calculations. It is shown that by using standard frequency modulated light one can obtain bandwidth limited smoothing over integration times relevant to inertial confinement fusion (about 1 nsec) with modest induced beam divergence. At longer integration times one can obtain bandwidth limited smoothing by increasing the divergence and/or by using more advanced phase modulation methods.
Constructed Organization: First Principles

A major change in the structure of society occurred with the emergence, beginning about the thirteenth century, of a new form of corporate body. Otto von Gierke in Germany and Frederick Maitland in England have traced the growth of this new corporate form. In contrast to the old corporate bodies, the new corporate bodies came to be regarded as legal persons (called for a time
Gastrointestinal factors in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

The objective of this review is to outline gastrointestinal factors that may be relevant to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Gastric neuromuscular dysfunctions of the stomach include abnormalities in gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric tone, and contractility, all of which may result in gastroparesis. These abnormalities in gastric neural activity and smooth muscle function are associated with nausea and vomiting in nonpregnant patients. Gastric dysrhythmias are disturbances of gastric pacesetter potential patterns that are present during the nausea of motion sickness, drug-induced nausea, in patients with diabetic gastropathy, and women with nausea of pregnancy. In pregnant women with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, standard gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, and cholecystitis must be considered. A diagnostic approach and therapeutic options for treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy based on understanding of gastric neuromuscular dysfunction is outlined.
Chemical effects of a polyglycol on brass surfaces as determined by XPS/depth profiling

Abstract Polyglycol compounds are compatible with alternative refrigerants which are replacing CFC-12 and thus are likely to be used for lubrication of automotive air-conditioning (A/C) compressors. A/C compressors may contain brass components which could be adversely affected by the polyglycol compounds. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with depth profiling with Ar + was used to investigate the effects of a polyglycol lubricant on brass. Oxidation of the lubricant at 150°C produces degradation products which preferentially remove Zn from the brass surface leaving behind a layer of soft, porous Cu, a corrosion phenomenon best known as brass dezincification. The soft Cu layer can wear off excessively in loaded sliding contacts thus producing early compressor failures. High-molecular-weight acids are the most likely candidates among the oil degradation products responsible for the attack on brass surfaces.
Encephalitis of unclear origin diagnosed by brain biopsy: A diagnostic challenge

Importance Brain biopsy specimens that exhibit encephalitis without specific histopathologic features pose a diagnostic challenge to neuropathologists and neurologists. Such cases are generally referred to pathologically as encephalitis, not otherwise specified (ENOS). A systematic approach to diagnostic evaluation in such patients is challenging, and currently there is no generally accepted algorithm. Objective To examine ultimate diagnostic outcomes in patients with ENOS diagnosed by brain biopsy. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective case series at the University of California, San Francisco, Medical Center, a tertiary care urban neurosciences center, studied patients with encephalitis diagnosed by brain biopsy from January 1, 1983, through December 31, 2011. Exposures Brain biopsy. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical and neuropathologic diagnosis. Results Among 58 patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study, the original pathologic diagnosis was ENOS in 49 patients (84%). The median age was 40 years (interquartile range, 27-53 years), 35 patients were male, and 13 had known human immunodeficiency virus or AIDS. Median time from onset of symptoms to brain biopsy was 66 days (interquartile range, 18-135 days). For the 29 patients in whom material for pathologic analysis was still available, additional neuropathologic review led to a more specific categorization in 10 (34%). Clinical detail and follow-up information was available for 42 patients, and a specific diagnosis was reached with the help of ancillary testing and/or clinical follow-up in 12 patients. Despite a comprehensive neuropathologic review with additional studies and information, 27 patients still had to be classified in the ENOS category at the end of the study. Conclusions and Relevance ENOS is the most common initial type of encephalitis diagnosed by brain biopsy. In such patients, it may be worth having the biopsy materials reviewed again in a comprehensive fashion by a neuropathologist because additional review led to a more specific categorization in one-third of our cases. Ancillary testing, clinical correlation, and clinical follow-up establish more specific diagnoses in some patients. ENOS still remains a diagnostic challenge after all these efforts in many cases. Current algorithms are of limited value. More advanced methods and better diagnostic algorithms are needed to characterize these patients.
Abstract 3391: Interaction of microRNAs and target genes in bladder cancer metastasis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through base pairing with other mRNA transcripts. MiRNA expression signatures have characterized many phenotypes in bladder cancer, including grade, stage, and metastasis. However, simultaneous mRNA changes accompanying the miRNA profile, along with the miRNA:mRNA interaction, were not systematically studied in these phenotypes. To gain insights into the miRNA regulatory network in bladder cancer metastasis, we profiled miRNA and mRNA expressions in two pairs of metastatic and non-metastatic cell lines. Interactions between differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were predicted using six software. We identified 194 miRNA:mRNA pairs between 18 up-regulated miRNAs and 66 down-regulated genes in metastatic cells; while the down-regulation of miRNAs and the increased expression of target genes were rare. The overexpression of one of the miRNAs, hsa-miR-146a, is confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR in metastatic cell lines. The 66 potential target genes are enriched in cytoskeleton organization and actin binding, underlining the importance of cell motility in cancer metastasis. Analysis of microarray data from two patient cohorts indicated lower expression of the 66 miRNA target genes in tumors than in normal bladder tissues. Our results suggest the significance of miRNA regulatory network in cancer metastasis and provide a list of potential miRNA:mRNA pairs for further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3391. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3391
Evaluating signatures of sex-specific processes in the human genome

Comparing levels of genetic variation between the X chromosome and autosomes can reveal the different demographic histories of males and females of a species. Taking this approach, two new studies report that the effective population sizes of men and women differ, but they disagree as to which sex outnumbered the other.
Precision electrothermic voltmeter

AN ELECTROTHERMIC VOLTMETER of the thermocouple type, with an adjustable resistor in series with an insulated-heater, evacuated thermoelement has been developed at the National Bureau of Standards primarily for standardizing voltmeters over a wide voltage range at audio frequencies. In conjunction with a suitable d-c potentiometer, it can be used for measuring alternating voltages from 0.4 to 400 volts at frequencies from 20 to 20,000 cycles per second, with an accuracy of 0.01 per cent. The voltmeter was intended specifically for use solely as a transfer instrument. Such instruments are designed to have ideally the same response on alternating current as on direct current, so that when calibrated with direct current they become standards which, in effect, transfer the units of measurement (which are maintained by d-c standards) to alternating current. By making sufficiently frequent calibrations, only the transfer performance or frequency influence becomes significant, and instruments intended for such use may be designed and constructed for the best possible transfer performance and for high sensitivity, at the expense of other characteristics.