cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neoliberalism in the oceans: “rationalization,” property rights, and the commons question

Abstract Neoliberalism, with its emphasis on privatization and marketization, is becoming a dominant mode of ocean governance. In this paper I show that neoliberalism in ocean fisheries has a specific form and history based on the ways that, for the last 50 years, regulation debates have centered on the question of the commons. Focus on the role of the commons in problems such as overfishing and overcapacity has contributed to convergence of different viewpoints around neoliberal, market-oriented approaches that try to harness the profit motive to conservation and economic efficiency. I trace the idea of property rights in fisheries from the point in the 1950s when economists first identified the commons as the underlying cause of fisheries problems, through extended political jurisdiction, to recent emphasis on the benefits of common property. Despite their differences, proponents of these different viewpoints all take property as their central problematic and contribute to the idea that creating market incentives, by specifying property rights, is the foundation upon which proper use of ocean resources rests. I illustrate these ideas with a description of the shift toward privatization in the fisheries of the US portion of the North Pacific, which have a direct annual value of almost $1 billion. Neoliberal approaches to fisheries regulation are not simply spillover from larger trends toward market-based governance, but instead are influenced by the ways that past policy orientations toward fisheries have centered on enclosing the oceans within carefully delimited regimes of property rights, be those regimes of collective, state, or private control.
A First Approximation of Holocene Inter-Assemblage Variability in Central Alaska

Holocene variability in technology and subsistence economy in central Alaska is examined through a coarse-grained synthesis of dated components. Remarkable continuity during this period is evident in the ubiquity of microblade technology and the breadth of diet, including large and small mammals, birds, and fish. Significant changes in technology can, however, be tracked around 6000 and 1000 cal B.P. These seem to relate to changes in resource scheduling and land use strategies, shifts from residential to logistic mobility, and increased reliance on storage. Heuristic scenarios integrating these elements are offered to explain these transitions.
Managing Environmental Considerations

Rule II-01: Maintain a quiet and comfortable testing environment as free as possible from distractions.
SPECIALISATION AND THE EXISTENCE PROBLEM IN GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

When the division of labour has been once thoroughly established, it is but a very small part of a man's wants which the produce of his own labour can supply… Every man thus lives by exchanging, or becomes in some measure a merchant and the society itself grows to be what is properly a commericial society (Smith, 1776, p. 22).
Synthesis and application of a quaternary phosphonium polymer coagulant to avoid N-nitrosamine formation.

Quaternary ammonium cationic polymers, such as poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) are widely used for coagulating and removing negatively charged particles and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from drinking water. Their use, however, has been linked to the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines as byproducts during chloramine-based drinking water disinfection. In this study, a novel quaternary phosphonium cationic polymer, poly(diallyldiethylphosphonium chloride) (polyDADEPC), was synthesized such that the quaternary nitrogen atom of polyDADMAC was substituted with a phosphorus atom. Formation potential tests revealed that even under strong nitrosation conditions, polyDADEPC and related lower-order P-based compounds formed oxygenated and not nitrosated products. Bench-scale jar tests using three different source waters further demonstrated that polyDADEPC achieved coagulation performance comparable to commercial polyDADMACs for particle and DOM removals within the typical dose range used ...
Field emission through diamond/Mo interfaces

The influence of interfacial nanostructure on electron emission from diamond coated Mo emitters is presented. Diamond coating is known to increase electron emissivity, but interfacial oxides and an amorphous layer change the magnitude. After annealing, emissivity was enhanced further and Mo 2 C was formed at the interface, as well as a decrease in the oxides and amorphous layers. The shape of the FEM image changed but no individual emitting sites were observed. Possible mechanisms causing these changes are discussed.
Ultrafast Photoemission Electron Microscopy: Imaging Nonlinear Plasmonic Phenomena on the Femto/Nano Scale

By time-resolved two-photon photoemission electron microscopy, we generate movies with <50 nm spatial resolution and 330 as frame rate of surface plasmon dynamics defined by lithographically formed nano-optical elements in silver films.
Lower Stratospheric Deployment Testing of a Ram-Air Parafoil System

This work continues the flight testing of ram-air parafoils from high altitude weather balloons. Previous work revealed the major challenge of a zero-speed deployment from a balloon combined with the low air density environment. If the parafoil fails to inflate upon initial release at high altitude, tumbling and tangling occur almost instantaneously, thus preventing the parachute from inflating even after it descends into the lower, denser atmosphere. This paper describes further balloon flight testing of two different canopy size systems conducted to collect performance data in the rarely tested high altitude flight regime. It describes problems encountered during testing and considerations for improving the reliability of a ram-air parafoil released in a low-density zero dynamic pressure environment.
High-Temperature Fatigue Crack Propagation in P/M Ni3Al-B Alloys

Ductile Ni3Al-B type intermetallic alloys show a unique fatigue crack growth behavior at elevated temperatures. A crack propagation mechanism has been investigated in an experimental P/M alloy by testing the alloys with different fatigue frequencies at 400°C. The Ni3Al-B intermetallic alloy shows a substantial time-dependence of fatigue cracl growth rate when tested in air. Under a given cyclic stress intensity, an order of magnitude difference of crack growth rate was observed by decreasing the fatigue frequency. However, such a time-dependence did not occur when the alloy was tested in vacuum. It is concluded that “dynamic” embrittlement in an oxidation environment is the major factor controlling the fatigue crack growth in ordered Ni3Al-B alloys at elevated temperatures.
Determination of the measurement of uncertainty in the college physics experiments

The exact evaluation and expression of uncertainty can show the reliability of experiment results in the college physical experiments.The paper expounds the significance and guidelines for evaluating and expressing the uncertainty in measurement.The method is the embodiment of the idea of the JJF1059 technology norms and will not meet complicated mathematics,and moreover,is applicable to experiment teaching.
Reply to Willis: Powerful predictions of biodiversity from ecological models and scaling laws.

Knowing the number of species ( S ) in an ecological system (i.e., species richness) is of primary importance to understanding biodiversity. Willis (1) states that the only “statistically admissible” way to estimate S is by modeling the number of species with n = 1, 2, 3, ... individuals, which is known as the frequency ratio method (2). Once this is accomplished, Willis (1) states that S can then be estimated via extrapolation through probabilistic models. However, extrapolations of richness estimates across orders of magnitude can be unsound (1, 3) and the data required by statistical estimators, such as frequency ratios, do not … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: ken{at}weecology.org or lennonj{at}indiana.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Competition in Politics

Government, by nature, is coercive. The fundamental transaction of government — the exchange of protection for tribute — makes government coercive because it must be in a position to forcibly deter aggressors in order to protect its citizens. Citizens want their governments to have the power to protect them, but this same power can be used against them too. Much of the analysis in previous chapters has been devoted to seeing how the government can obtain and use coercive power. The government profits from coercion by selling its output at monopoly prices. The government sells protective services, but also can produce and sell other goods and services. Some services have possible market alternatives; for example, governments produce mail services, television and radio broadcasts, health care, education, and more. When producing goods with private sector alternatives, the government typically has a competitive advantage. In some cases, it outlaws private sector competition, but another alternative is to subsidize or even give away its output, making it hard for private sector competitors to compete on the basis of price. Other services are not typically offered in private markets. For example, the government produces and sells barriers to entry into private markets in the form of tariffs and import quotas, regulation, licensing, and the granting of natural monopolies.
The Initial Years of the Information Research Department: The Organization and Strategy of Britain’s Political Warfare Effort

The series of decisions by the Cabinet in January of 1948 described in Chapter 1 finalized the new anti-Communist direction of Britain’s foreign policy. Among the decisions made by the Cabinet was the authorization of an anti-Communist propaganda campaign which was to be supported by a small section of the Foreign Office named the Information Research Department (IRD). The IRD did not stay small for long, and by the early 1950s it had become the key actor in the organization, planning, and coordination of Britain’s propaganda efforts, the middle level of Britain’s propaganda policy.
Safety of Concurrent Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis and Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation

Purpose To evaluate the safety of concurrent Boston type I keratoprosthesis (KPro) and glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation. Design Retrospective comparative study of a consecutive cohort of patients. Subjects Patients who underwent KPro implantation by a single surgeon (A.J.A.) with or without 1 concurrent Ahmed GDD (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) implantation between January 1, 2005, and January 31, 2015, were included. Patients with fewer than 3 months of follow-up or a history of previous KPro implantation were excluded. Methods Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected for each procedure. All comparisons were made between KPro procedures performed with or without concurrent GDD implantation. The Fisher exact test (2-tailed) was used to compare proportions, Student t test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare means, and the log-rank test was used to compare time-to-outcome events. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was frequency of the composite variable, that is, any serious vision-threatening postoperative complication, which included sterile vitreitis, endophthalmitis, hypotony maculopathy, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, stromal necrosis, and infectious keratitis. Secondary outcomes included intraocular pressure control, worsening of visual acuity, cystoid macular edema, retroprosthetic membrane formation, persistent epithelial defect formation, GDD exposure, and KPro removal. Results One hundred thirty-seven KPro procedures were performed in 129 patients: 91 (66.4%) KPro alone and 46 (33.6%) KPro plus GDD. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the incidence of vision-threatening postoperative complications. None of the 46 GDDs placed at the same time as the KPro became exposed during an average follow-up of 44 months. Conclusions Compared with KPro alone, GDD placement combined with KPro was not associated with increased postoperative complications.
Reinforcing Lessons for Business from the Marketing Revolution in U.S. Presidential Politics: A Strategic Triad

The role of marketing in presidential politics in the United States has introduced lessons for marketing executives on how to more effectively build up brand loyalty and fend off competition. The same technological breakthroughs in marketing that have powered corporate America were used by the Obama presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 to microtarget potential donors and voters, carry out massive fund-raising campaigns, and energize a base of citizens through newly minted movements at a level of sophistication not witnessed previously in other sectors. The same techniques continued to be used in the 2016 presidential campaign, and the paradigm shift in marketing put forward in this article is represented with the introduction of a Strategic Triad that integrates the use of Big Data, microtargeting, and social media by organizations in the political, for-profit, and nonprofit sectors.
High-resolution meter reading technique for appliance gas usage monitoring for the smart grid

The smart grid is a rapidly emerging field that aims to modernize the distribution and delivery of electricity, water and gas utilities. A key component in the smart grid is the smart meter, which is installed at utility endpoints for usage monitoring and billing. Currently electric meters have received the majority of research attention and focus. However, smart gas meters will also play an important role in the emerging smart grid. This paper presents a high-resolution automated gas meter reading system for residential households. The system can be used to non-intrusively monitor the natural gas consumption of individual appliances in a home. It is implemented by utilizing an existing gas meter retrofitted with a module that includes a high-resolution encoder to collect gas flow data and a microprocessor to analyze and identify appliance load profiles. Additional benefits of the system include the ability to detect very small leaks and theft, perform efficiency analyses, and provide real time customer feedback on gas usage.
Quantifying Language Before and After Instituting Structured CT Reports

Abstract Aim Our aim was to quantify the language in abdominopelvic CT reports before and after implementing structured reporting templates, specifically evaluating the terms normal and unremarkable . Methods We performed a search of our database for all CT abdomen and pelvis examinations before and after full template implementation. There were 1,753 studies included—878 "pretemplate" reports, 875 "posttemplate" reports. Pre- and posttemplate reports were analyzed for word count in preliminary report, word count in final report, number of changed words between preliminary and final report, and frequency of normal and unremarkable. The averages of each data point for both pre- and posttemplate reports were calculated and compared. Results Between all pre- and posttemplate reports, the total number of words and number of changes between preliminary and final reports was not significantly changed. The frequency of the word normal increased from an average of 5.29 (pretemplate) to 8.92 (posttemplate) per report ( P unremarkable increased from an average of 0.11 (pretemplate) to 0.22 (posttemplate) per report ( P Conclusions When comparing language before and after implementing structured reports, we found an increase in the frequency of normal , without any significant change in number of words per report. The increase in normal in posttemplate reports reflects a trend toward more definitive reporting, which may increase clarity and satisfaction among referring physicians. The increased use of the less definitive term unremarkable identifies an area in need of further training and improvement in our department.
Stabilizing Fe Nanoparticles in the SmCo5 Matrix

We report a new strategy for stabilizing Fe nanoparticles (NPs) in the preparation of SmCo5–Fe nanocomposites. We coat the presynthesized Fe NPs with SiO2 and assemble the Fe/SiO2 NPs with Sm–Co–OH to form a mixture. After reductive annealing at 850 °C in the presence of Ca, we obtain SmCo5–Fe/SiO2 composites. Following aqueous NaOH washing and compaction, we produced exchange-coupled SmCo5–Fe nanocomposites with Fe NPs controlled at 12 nm. Our work demonstrates a successful strategy of stabilizing high moment magnetic NPs in a hard magnetic matrix to produce a nanocomposite with tunable magnetic properties.
Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation Screening Criteria for Stainless Steels in PWR Systems

The Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking (IASCC) initiation data for austenitic stainless steels in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) primary water environments were collected from available research programs and evaluated by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Materials Reliability Program (MRP). The objective was to determine the relationship between applied tensile stress, neutron fluence, and initiation of IASCC at nominally constant load. Analysis of the available data shows that the applied tensile stress level for initiation of IASCC decreases with increasing neutron dose in PWR environments above the PWR threshold for IASCC of three displacements per atom (dpa). An apparent asymptotic value between approximately 30 and 35% of irradiated yield strength has been observed for neutron dose levels between approximately 10 and 100 dpa. Maximum testing times up to approximately 5000 h are now available, but these still are several orders of magnitude less than 60–80 year operating times. However, the results from this study can currently be used by the nuclear industry to assess the effects of irradiation on austenitic stainless steels in PWR systems as an indicator of the combination of stress and neutron dose at which IASCC becomes possible, particularly for subsequent license renewal (SLR) evaluations.
Investigation of the Ion-Binding Properties of Tactic Poly(Methacrylic Acids) Using Terbium (III) Ion as a Fluorescent Probe

The lanthanides have fourteen 4ƒ electrons successively added to the lanthanum, La, configuration. These elements are highly electropositive and form a very stable tripositive cation, Ln3+, as their primary oxidation state. The radius of these ions decrease with increasing atomic number in a trend known as the lanthanide contraction. The elements are highly electropositive because the sum of the first three ionization enthalpies is relatively low. They easily form +3 ions in solids, such as oxides, and in complexes while existing as [Ln(H2O)n]3+ in aqueous solution. Other oxidation states are also possible, for example, Ce4+, Sm2+, Eu 2+, and Yb2+ are all stable in aqueous solutions and in solids.
Liver: Oncology/Trauma

Interventional radiology plays a large role in the management of patients with liver disease, particularly in those patients with liver cancer and in the setting of trauma. The treatment options and strategies for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. This chapter focuses on providing an overview of the imaging diagnosis and classification of hepatocellular carcinoma and examining the various treatment options that can be provided by minimally invasive techniques performed by interventional radiology. In addition, the interventional radiologists’ role in the management of patients with traumatic liver injury is discussed.
Cross section covariances: a user perspective

This paper makes a brief historical review, from the user point of view, of the impact of the different covariance data made available during this period, then look at today current situation in the different evaluated files, using practical examples. In particular, the performance, in terms of C/E, of two of the most recent and reliable evaluate files, CIELO and CIELO-2, is presented for a set of selected integral experiments. Moreover, this performance is compared for consistency against the uncertainty computed with two of the current most used covariance data (COMMARA-2.0 and COMACV1). A limited number of comparisons are also shown relative to the JENDL-4 data. Of specific interest is the observed difference due separately to the diagonal and off-diagonal (correlations) contributions. Finally, some perspective and future needs are discussed.
Nurse telephone education for promoting a treat-to-target approach in recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: A pilot project

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to implement a nurse telephone education programme for patients with recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that promotes shared decision-making and a treat-to-target approach. METHODS This was a pilot project of newly diagnosed adult RA patients conducted between November 2015 and December 2016. A rheumatology clinic nurse telephoned patients to offer disease education. A toolkit was mailed to patients. Measures included call attempts, call time, a qualitative description of free-text notes and the proportion of patients who adhered to their next clinic visit. Data were analysed descriptively and qualitatively. RESULTS Twenty-six patients participated in the nurse calls. Most patients were female (65%), with a median age of 54 years (range 22-78 years). Median call length was 14.5 min, with a range of 8-23 min. Qualitative notes indicated that patients overwhelmingly supported the nurse calls. Nineteen patients (73%) were adherent to their follow-up visit. CONCLUSION This preliminary project successfully implemented an educational programme that included a nurse-facilitated, RA-specific, telephone call and toolkit. This educational programme could be a model for similar educational efforts by other clinics.
Robotics in order picking: evaluating warehouse layouts for pick, place, and transport vehicle routing systems

Motivated by recent technological advances in mobile robotics, this paper explores a novel approach for warehouse order picking. In particular, this work considers two types of commercially availab...
The Need for Practical and Accurate Measures of Value for Radiology.

Abstract Radiologists play a critical role in helping the health care system achieve greater value. Unfortunately, today radiology is often judged by simple “checkbox” metrics, which neither directly reflect the value radiologists provide nor the outcomes they help drive. To change this system, first, we must attempt to better define the elusive term value and, then, quantify the value of imaging through more relevant and meaningful metrics that can be more directly correlated with outcomes. This framework can further improve radiology’s value by enhancing radiologists’ integration into the care team and their engagement with patients. With these improvements, we can maximize the value of imaging in the overall care of patients.
Application of Microbial Cleaning Technology for Removal of Surface Contamination

Abstract Microbial cleaning takes advantage of naturally-occurring microbes to remove a wide variety of contaminants from various surfaces. The method is based on the affinity of microbes for hydrocarbons that are digested, producing harmless carbon dioxide, water, and soluble fatty acids. The microbes are nonpathogenic and are safe to handle and dispose. The process is environmentally-friendly and is less expensive than solvent cleaning, but it is not applicable to high precision cleaning applications. Typical applications include parts washing; oil and grease removal from concrete and other floor surfaces, and from drains and grease traps; cleaning and disinfection in healthcare facilities; cleaning of historical artworks and structures; and household and institutional cleaning applications.
Mast cell accumulation drives allergy-driven chronic pain responses in outbred mice

We are building novel outbred mouse models of a poorly understood yet prevalent vulvar pain condition – localized, provoked vulvodynia – that affects a substantial proportion of 18–60 year old women. Epidemiologic studies have shown a surprising and increased risk for developing this condition in women with a history of skin and airway allergies. We show that repeated exposures to low doses of the common contact irritant haptens oxazolone or dinitrofluorobenzene on the genital skin of mice produce sustained painful sensitivity to touch as well as a non-normative accumulation of mast cells and an overgrowth of cutaneous nerves in the affected tissue – changes that are also seen in vulvar biopsies taken from women diagnosed with vulvodynia providing the first evidence of biological plausibility for the immunological underpinnings of this chronic pain condition. In addition to laboratory haptens, we show that the hapten methylisothiazolinone (a common cosmetic preservative found in soaps, shampoos, and feminine hygiene products) can induce these responses suggesting that this ubiquitous environmental exposure might be a possible immunological trigger of hitherto unexplained genital pain conditions that affect many women. We have further characterized infiltrating T cells at the allergic site to show that FoxP3+ regulatory CD4 T cells and CD103+ resident memory CD8 T accumulate at these sites as well. Our mouse models provide new tools to both dissect allergy driven pain conditions as well as test novel therapies targeting immune cells and mechanisms for the management and treatment of these debilitating disorders.
Validating agent-based models of large networked systems

The paper describes a systematic approach for validating real-world biological, information, social and technical (BIST) networks. BIST systems are usually represented using agent-based models and computer simulations are used to study their dynamical (state-space) properties. Here, we use a formal representation called a graph dynamical system (GDS). We present two types of results. First we describe two real-world validation studies spanning a variety of BIST networks. Various types of validation are considered and unique challenges presented by each domain are discussed. Each system is represented using the GDS formalism. This illustrates the power of the formalism and enables a unified approach for validation. We complement the case studies by presenting new theoretical results on validating BIST systems represented as GDSs. These theoretical results delineate computationally intractable and efficiently solvable versions of validation problems.
A Paucity of Code Status Documentation Despite Increasing Complex Chronic Disease in Pediatrics.

Objectives: An increasing number of children are living with complex chronic diseases (CCDs) due to medical advances. Despite a need for code status discussions (CSDs), there is great variability i...
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Epileptogenic Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia.

Objective Epilepsy with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) lacks a conclusive surgical treatment strategy as eloquent cortex and important white matter tracts frequently overlay the deep periventricular nodules. Our goal was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for the treatment of epilepsy in PVNH. Methods Data on demographic characteristics, complications, visual outcomes, Engel classification at last follow-up, antiepileptic drug use, morbidity, and mortality among patients who underwent this procedure were retrospectively reviewed. Results Between May 2015 and January 2019, 5 patients underwent 6 LITT procedures for epilepsy with PVNH. One patient had residual nodules after their first procedure and underwent a second ablation. The average follow-up time was 12 months. Three patients were Engel class Ia, 1 patient was Engel class II, and 1 patient was Engel class III at last follow-up. Two patients were able to reduce their antiepileptic drugs postoperatively. Three patients had no changes in vision, 1 patient experienced a quadrantanopsia, and 1 patient had subjective blurry vision after their procedures. No patients experienced motor deficits, dysphasia, infection, or mortality. Conclusions LITT appears to be a safe and promising option to provide seizure relief for patients with refractory epilepsy and PVNH that otherwise may not be surgical candidates. Some appropriately determined patients with refractory epilepsy may benefit from LITT before proceeding with an invasive intracranial evaluation. A larger sample size and long-term follow-up is necessary to further elucidate safety and efficacy.
A Pilot Evaluation of I'M HAPPY: An Interactive Module to Halt Abuse of Prescriptions in Preteens and Youth.

Objective: The purpose of this project was to create a web-accessible drug education program that would positively impact student knowledge and perceptions. Materials and Methods: An interactive co...
Fostering Global Mindedness in Short-Term Community-Based Global Learning Programs: The Importance of Strategic Design, Collaboration, and Reflection.

Trends toward short-term academic service-learning abroad necessitate programs designed to maximize effectiveness and measurement of outcomes. The current study sought to strategically foster and measure increases in global mindedness during an immersive community-based global learning program abroad. University students studying either Computer Science or Spanish collaborated to design curriculum and host a technology summer camp for junior-high students in the Dominican Republic. The semester before the two-week travel experience included extensive pre-departure preparation, collaboration, reflection, and communication among students, program directors, on-site program coordinators, and stakeholders in the host community. Results of pre- and post-tests using the Global Mindedness Scale indicate perceptions of five dimensions of global mindedness (i.e., responsibility, cultural pluralism, efficacy, global centrism, and interconnectedness) were significantly increased after participating in this program. Pre-departure activities, curricular design, and logistical elements of the program are discussed, along with recommendations for future research. Abstract in Spanish Las tendencias en los estudios en el extranjero a corto plazo que incluyen el aprendizaje a traves del servicio en la comunidad requieren un diseno que maximice la eficacia y medida de los resultados. Este estudio midio un crecimiento en la mentalidad sobre asuntos globales entre participantes en un programa a corto plazo en el extranjero. Estudiantes universitarios con concentraciones en informatica y en lengua espanola colaboraron para disenar un curriculo y ofrecer un campamento tecnologico de verano para estudiantes de una escuela secundaria en la Republica Dominicana. El semestre antes del programa, que duro dos semanas, incluyo la preparacion extensiva, la colaboracion, la reflexion y la comunicacion entre los estudiantes universitarios, los directores del programa, los coordinadores del programa in situ y miembros de la comunidad local. Los resultados de los cuestionarios antes y despues del programa fueron creados con una escala de mentalidad global (Global Mindedness Scale), indicando percepciones en cinco dimensiones de tal mentalidad (responsabilidad, pluralismo cultural, eficacia, centrismo global e interconectividad); se concluyo que la mentalidad fue aumentada significativamente despues de participar en el programa. Se examinan aqui las actividades antes del comienzo del programa, el diseno del curriculo y los elementos logisticos mientras se recomiendan investigaciones posibles para estudios futuros.
La forma del sí-mismo como autoafección

In the present work is attempted an approach to the concept of «self» developed by Heidegger in the existential analytic of Being and Time and in the lessons around that period. To accomplish this, important differences between the concepts of «existence» and «subjectivity» are first clarified. Based on this important difference, the description of the Heideggerian notion of «self» is developed in three parts: (i) two-dimensionality is established as the framework for understanding such phenomenon; (ii) Authenticity is established as a methodical access to finitude, and the latter as an area in which the self is shown as the foundation; (iii) the form of the self is established as self-affection based on its temporal essence. The above allows us to understand that the self is not something real like the subject or consciousness, but the character of the fundamental unity of two-dimensional openness.
Current best practices in emergency evaluation and management of syncope.

ABSTRACT Syncope is a common medical presentation that can cost the US healthcare system up to $2.4 billion dollars annually. Much of this cost can be mitigated with proper evaluation and management in the urgent care setting, as well as appropriate use of a risk stratification system.
Spatial social networks in geographic information science

A spatial social network (SSN) can be defined as a set of agent-based connections that are embedded in geographic space. SSNs range in size from small networks of connections within a group of peop...
Linear programming approach for optimization of radionuclide loading in vitrified HLW

A linear programming approach has been developed to determine maximum mass loading of radionuclides in vitrified high-level waste (HLW). Linear approximation for the centerline temperature of vertically stacked cylindrical HLW canisters has been developed by assuming constant heat flux from a canister, steady-state heat transfer, natural convection, and by neglecting radiation effects. With the linear formula for the centerline temperature, it has been demonstrated that maximum radionuclide mass loading can be determined by the linear programming model conservatively. A numerical result for vitrification of HLW from PUREX reprocessing of pressurized water reactor spent fuel indicates that the maximum temperature constraint is one of the essential constraints in determining the feasible solution space for optimization if the heat emission from the waste is in a certain range (between 11.2 and 24.5 W/kg in this example). The linear programming model can be utilized to link various fuel cycle models and repository performance models in a consistent and quantitative manner.
Stem Cells of the Adult Olfactory Epithelium

The peripheral olfactory system consists of the olfactory (neuro)epithelium lining the posterodorsal nasal cavity, and the olfactory nerve connecting the sensory neurons in the periphery with their central nervous system (CNS) target, the olfactory bulb (1,2). The epithelium is composed of a handful of easily distinguishable cell types, including basal cells, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), nonneuronal supporting or sustentacular (Sus) cells, and Bowman duct/gland assemblies (3). The peripheral olfactory system is readily accessible and can be safely biopsied with minimal discomfort or risk, thereby offering a unique glimpse of a part of the nervous system (4, 5, 6). In addition, the capacity of the peripheral olfactory system to accomplish anatomical reconstitution and functional restoration from injury has suggested that the epithelium retains a population of neurocompetent stem cells (i.e., capable of producing neurons) which, given their accessibility, may be a valuable addition to our therapeutic and analytical armamentarium. Moreover, the ensheathing cells of the olfactory nerve have been effective in promoting behavioral and neuroanatomical recovery after spinal cord injury in experimental animals (7).
RIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASE OF AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII. III. EFFECT OF POLYAMINES.

Abstract Putrescine, spermine, spermidine, and other polyamines stimulate the synthesis of RNA catalyzed by RNA polymerase when the reaction is primed by native, double-stranded DNA but not by heat-denatured DNA. On the other hand, the polyamines inhibit the reaction primed by synthetic polyribonucleotides. The mode of action of these compounds is not clear but it might be related to their binding RNA. This would explain inhibition of the polyribonucleotide-primed reaction. Such binding would release product inhibition, thus promoting further synthesis, when the reaction is primed by native DNA.
Inverse-Consistent Surface Mapping with Laplace-Beltrami Eigen-Features

We propose in this work a novel variational method for computing maps between surfaces by combining informative geometric features and regularizing forces including inverse consistency and harmonic energy. To tackle the ambiguity in defining homologous points on smooth surfaces, we design feature functions in the data term based on the Reeb graph of the Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions to quantitatively describe the global geometry of elongated anatomical structures. For inverse consistency and robustness, our method computes simultaneously the forward and backward map by iteratively solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on the surfaces. In our experiments, we successfully mapped 890 hippocampal surfaces and report statistically significant maps of atrophy rates between normal controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Peer prejudice and discrimination : evolutionary, cultural, and developmental dynamics

Introduction: The Nature of Prejudice An Evolutionary Model for the Development of Prejudice and Discrimination Brief Cultural Histories of Females, African-Americans, Deaf Persons, and Mentally Retarded Persons Prejudice and Discrimination Towards Opposite-Sex and Deaf Individuals Prejudice and Discrimination Towards Different-Race and Mentally Retarded Individuals Modifying Prejudice and Discrimination Recapitulation
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: Decreased Need for Confirmation of Reactive Results

Increasingly large numbers of specimens are referred to laboratories with orders to perform an assay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In our laboratories, reagents from Abbott, either RIA or enzyme immunoassay (EIA), are used for this purpose. The product insert for the RIA assay states: “It is desirable to perform a specificity analysis before informing a donor/patient that he is an HBsAg carrier with an FDA-licensed neutralization confirmatory test (e.g., the Abbott AUSRIA II-125 confirmatory neutralization test). A repeatably reactive specimen, confirmed by neutralization with human Anti-HBs must be considered positive for HBsAg”. Similar advice is given in the EIA insert. Given this advice, it has been …
Comparison between thermal and deformation-induced structural relaxation in atomic glasses

Plastic yielding in glassy solids has been interpreted as a strain-biased relaxation process, or, equivalently, as a strain-induced glass transition. In the present work, the atomic motions caused by athermal plastic deformation of a binary Lennard-Jones glass are compared to thermal motion in the liquid in terms of the self part of the intermediate structure factor. We find that like at finite temperature, athermal plastic deformation leads to diffusive atomic motion at all length scales beyond about one interatomic distance, effectively promoting structural relaxation. The present approach allows to study the interplay of deformation-induced and thermal relaxation. Preliminary evidence is presented that these two processes occur independently of each other over a wide range of strain rates.
The Ten Commandments of Writing

Whatever our areas and methods, social scientists share a common problem: how to write so as to foster communication. I present a set of propositions to lighten and brighten sociological writing. Sociologists ought not be afraid of using these tropes and techniques of literary writers. Each sociologist must develop a personal style that sparks an audience. Yet, this poses a challenge for those not trained. Writing is a craft that must be developed. As Wyndham Lewis noted: “It is dangerous to live, but to write is much more so.”
Lessons for QCD from supersymmetry

I discuss two topics that have recently emerged in connection with supersymmetry-inspired analyses of non-supersymmetric gauge theories in the limit of large number of colors, N → ∞. A nonperturbative orbifold conjecture due to Strassler predicts an infinite number of degeneracies in the hadronic spectra of SU(N)×SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with a bifundamental quark. Analysis of pure Yang-Mills suggest the existence of infinitely many (quasi)stable vacua. Domain walls separating these vacua are very peculiar; in particular, they support hadronic excitations with masses proportional to N.
Localized surface plasmon resonance of degenerate semiconducting nanocrystal ensembles with various shape distributions

ABSTRACT Nanocrystals of degenerate semiconductors come in a variety of shapes, which have profound inuence on thelocalized surface plasmons which are supported. Ensembles of such nanocrystals are never perfect and willalways show a distribution of shapes. By embedding the Drude model into Mie scattering theory, the e ect ofthe shape inhomogeneity on the absorbance spectrum of a nanocrystal ensemble can be approximated for a fewcommon cases such as nanorods and nanodiscs as well as general ellipsoids. Using various distributions of aspectratios, broadening and shifting of the various plasmonic absorption peaks is observed for nanorod and nanodiscensembles. Similar behavior is also observed for ensembles of nearly spherical nanocrystals, which emphasizesthe importance of accounting for nanocrystal shape inhomogeneity when investigating broadening mechanismsof nanocrystal plasmonic absorbance.Keywords: localized surface plasmons, semiconductor nanocrystals, Drude Model, Mie-Gans Theory, ab-sorbance
Frequent Harvesting from Perfused Bone Marrow Cultures Results in Increased Overall Cell and Progenitor Expansion

The establishment of prolific long-term human bone marrow cultures has led to the development of hematopoietic bioreactor systems. A single batch expansion of bone marrow mononuclear cell populations leads to a 10- to 30-fold increase in total cell number and in the number of colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GMs), and a four- to tenfold increase in the number of long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-ICs). In principle, unlimited expansion of cells should be attainable from a pool of stem cells if all the necessary requirements leading to stem cell maintenance and division are met. In this article, we take the first step toward the identification of factors that limit single batch expansion of ex vivo bone marrow cells in perfusion-based bioreactor systems. One possible constraint is the size of the growth surface area required. This constraint can be overcome by harvesting half the cell population periodically. We found that harvesting cells every 3 to 4 days, beginning on day 11 of culture, led to an extended growth period. Overall calculated cell expansion exceeded 100-fold and the CFU-GM expansion exceeded 30-fold over a 27-day period. These calculated values are based on growth that could be obtained from the harvested cell population. Growth of the adherent cell layer was stable, whereas the nonadherent cell population diminished with increasing number of passages. These results show that the bioreactor protocols published to date are suboptimal for long-term cultivation, and that further definition and refinement is likely to lead to even greater expansion of hematopoietic cell populations obtained from bone marrow. More importantly, these results show that the LTC-IC measured during the single pass expansion do have further expansion potential that can be realized by frequent harvesting. Finally, the present culture conditions provide a basis for an assay system for the identifications provide a basis for an assay system for the identification of the factors that determine the long-term maintenance and replication of human stem cells ex vivo.
End-to-end delay percentiles for video traces using a MAP2 approximation

Video traffic is widely expected to account for a large portion of the traffic in future wired and wireless networks. We propose an efficient and accurate approximation method for calculating a given percentile of the end-to-end delay of a video stream depicted by a trace. The queueing delay encountered in the network by the IP packets carrying the video is modeled by a tandem queueing network of infinite capacity queues. The video trace is approximated by a two-stage Markovian Arrival Process (MAP2), which is the arrival process to the tandem network. The proposed method uses only the first queue of the tandem queueing network to construct an upper and lower bound of a given percentile of the end-to-end delay. The percentile value is then approximated by interpolating between the two bounds. We used this method to estimate the 95th percentile of the end-to-end delay of two different types of video traces, Cisco's point-to-point presence and WebEx over a 10-node path. The results obtained were compared against simulation, and have an average relative error of 4.24%. Using this method, we then obtained the minimum amount of bandwidth required to be allocated on each link along the path of the video stream, so that a given 95th percentile of the end-to-end delay is satisfied.
Synthesis and characterization of lithium ion batteries

Layered lithiated transition metal oxides have been extensively developed and investigated as a cathode materials for lithium ion batteries due to the following advantages, such as high output voltage of 3.6 V, high energy density larger than 450Wh/dm3, low self-discharge rate less than 10%, no memory effect resulting in long cycle lives for more than 1000 times charging and discharging, free maintenance and no environmental pollution. The cathode materials in lithium ion battery are generally in the form of LiMO2 (M= Co, Ni, Mn, etc). Currently, lithium vanadium oxides also were studied. It is well known that the synthetic condition and methods are closely related to the electrochemical properties of lithium ion batteries. In this work, the wet chemical sol gel techniques have been used to synthesize LiNiO2 and LiV3O8. In this study, the LiNiO2 particles and LiV3O8 nanorods were successfully synthesized by sol-gel wet chemical methods. Annealing heat treatment influence the crystallinity of the final product, which may be consequently affected their electrochemical performance.
Electron transfer from the reaction center of Rb. sphaeroides to the quinone pool: Doubly reduced QB leaves the reaction center

We have tested the hypothesis that electron transfer from the reaction center (RC) to the quinone pool occurs through the release of the doubly reduced secondary quinone QB. Doubly reduced QB was formed in RCs containing Q10 (ubiquinone-50) in the QB site in the presence of a pool consisting of Q0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone). Subsequent measurement of the charge recombination kinetics (D+QAQ−B → DQAQB) showed a rate characteristic of RCs containing Q0 in the QB site. This proves that the doubly reduced QB left the RC and was replaced with a quinone from the pool.
Expression of Human Myeloperoxidase by Macrophages Promotes Atherosclerosis in Mice

Background— Myeloperoxidase (MPO) colocalizes with macrophages in the human artery wall, and its characteristic oxidation products have been detected in atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, oxidants produced by the enzyme might promote atherosclerosis. However, macrophages in mouse atherosclerotic tissue do not express MPO. Therefore, mice are an inappropriate model for testing the role of MPO in vascular disease. To overcome this problem, we generated and studied transgenic (Tg) mice that contained the human MPO gene. Methods and Results— We produced human MPO-Tg mice with use of a Visna virus promoter. To confine MPO expression to macrophages, we lethally irradiated LDL receptor–deficient mice and repopulated their bone marrow with cells from wild-type mice or MPO-Tg mice. Despite having similarly high levels of cholesterol after maintenance on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet, the MPO-Tg animals developed a 2-fold greater atherosclerotic area in the aorta than did mice transplanted with wild-type bone marro...