cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrographic seizures and periodic discharges after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: To determine the frequency and significance of electrographic seizures and other EEG findings in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: We reviewed 102 consecutive patients with ICH who underwent continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (cEEG). Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and cEEG findings were recorded. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we determined factors associated with 1) electrographic seizures, 2) periodic epileptiform discharges (PEDs), and 3) poor outcome (death, vegetative or minimally conscious state) at hospital discharge. Results: Seizures occurred in 31% (n = 32) of patients with ICH, prior to cEEG in 19 patients. Eighteen percent (n = 18) of patients had electrographic seizures; only one of these patients also had clinical seizures while on cEEG. After controlling for demographic and clinical predictors, only an increase in ICH volume of 30% or more between admission and 24-hour follow-up CT scan was associated with electrographic seizures (33% vs 15%; OR 9.5, 95% CI 1.7 to 53.8). PEDs were less frequently seen in those with hemorrhages located at least 1 mm from the cortex (8% vs 29%; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7). PEDs were independently associated with poor outcome (65% vs 17%; OR 7.6, 95% CI 2.1 to 27.3). In patients with electrographic seizures, the first seizure was detected within the first hour of cEEG monitoring in 56% and within 48 hours in 94%. Conclusions: Seizures occurred in one third of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and over half were purely electrographic. Electrographic seizures were associated with expanding hemorrhages, and periodic discharges with cortical ICH and poor outcome. Further research is needed to determine if treating or preventing seizures or PEDs might lead to improved outcome after ICH. GLOSSARY: BIPLEDs = bilateral independent PLEDs; cEEG = continuous EEG monitoring; CLUES = clinically unrecognized electrographic seizures; EVD = external ventricular drain; IRDA = frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity; GCS = Glasgow Coma Score; GOS = Glasgow Outcome Scale; GPDs = generalized periodic discharges; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; ICP = intracranial pressure; ICU = intensive care unit; IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage; NICU = neuroICU; PEDs = periodic epileptiform discharges; PLEDs = periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage; SDH = subdural hematomas; SE = status epilepticus; SIRPIDS = stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges.
Approaches to Automatic Programming

Publisher Summary Ever since the early days of electronic computers, man has been using his ingenuity to save himself from the chores of programming. Hand coding in machine language gave way to assembly language programming, which was replaced for most users by compiled languages. Today the evolution continues as many higher level languages come into existence and as a number of research efforts move toward more exotic systems. This chapter surveys recent developments in the broad area of computer science known as “automatic programming.” The order of coverage of the material is from the most conservative approaches to the most futuristic. The chapter further discusses the extensions to traditional automatic programming methods, higher level languages, and special purpose languages. The next few sections describe the major current efforts to break away from the more traditional approaches: program synthesis from examples, synthesis from formal input–output specifications, synthesis by translation of natural language, and heuristic synthesis from a knowledge base. All of these approaches are active new areas of research, which hold much promise for the future but are still in the very early stages of development.
Vascular Growth and Remodeling

The goal of this brief review is to highlight the basic structure and function of large blood vessels, to discuss the homeostatic mechanical environment, and to compare five examples of mechanically induced vascular growth and remodeling. By growth, we mean an increase in mass that is achieved locally via an increase in the number or size of cells and/or via a synthesis of extracellular matrix that exceeds removal. Atrophy, then, can be thought of as negative growth. By remodeling, we mean a change in structure that is achieved by reorganizing existing constituents or by synthesizing new constituents that have a different organization. If we track local turnover of material, as we should, growth and remodeling are seen to typically occur hand in hand, and thus should be considered together. It is hoped that this review stimulates the reader's interest in vascular mechanics and mechanobiology, a field of study with great promise to contribute to improving health care delivery. Keywords: biomechanics; vasculature; homeostatic mechanical environment; blood vessel; hypertension
Scientific drilling for climate-related objectives on Arctic Ocean margins

Catching Climate Change in Progress: Drilling on Circum-Arctic Shelves and Upper Continental Slopes; San Francisco, California, 10–11 December 2011 Fifty scientists and program managers met to discuss plans for scientific drilling on the margins of the Arctic Ocean. The workshop was coconvened by T. Collett (U.S. Geological Survey), S. Dallimore (Geological Survey of Canada), J. Mienert (Tromso, Norway), C. Paull (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute), and V. Romanovsky (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and was sponsored by the U.S. Science Support Program for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).
The Safety Net of Farming: An Introduction and Literature Review of Agricultural Insurance and Other Stabilization Policies and Proposals

With the pending debate on the 1995 Farm Bill, crop insurance and disaster assistance have become major topics for discussion. This paper explores the performance of the current MPCI program and presents alternative programs. The need for a unified approach to ease the problem of agricultural instability is addressed.
Subclavian Artery Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Recanalization Using the Truepath Device

A 57 year old woman presented with dizziness and vertigo, and on physical examination was found to have asymmetric blood pressure in the upper extremities (80/50 mmHg on the left versus 150/80 mmHg on the right), as well as a decreased left radial pulse. She had a history of left lower extremity weakness, residual from a cerebrovascular accident in 2009. She was referred to interventional radiology (IR), after transfer from an outside hospital with left subclavian artery occlusion, noted on a CT angiogram of the chest. Before presentation at the study institution, surgical treatment had been offered; however, the patient refused open surgical treatment and instead opted for non-surgical or endovascular treatment, if available.
Relative bioavailability of deuterium-labeled monoglutamyl and hexaglutamyl folates in human subjects

The bioavailability of orally administered mono- and polyglutamyl folates was examined in humans by using stable-isotope methods. [3',5'-2H2]Folic acid (d2-FA) and [3',5'-2H2]pteroylhexaglutamate (d2-PteGlu6) were prepared for oral administration and (glu-2H4)folic acid (d4-FA) was prepared for intravenous (iv) injection. In two trials, adult males (n = 7) on a folate saturation regimen (2 mg/d) were given a single 677-nmol oral dose of either d2-FA or d2-PteGlu6 in apple juice along with an iv injection of 502 nmol d4-FA as a control. Urine was collected for 48 h and the isotope labeling of urinary folates determined by mass spectrometry. The excretion ratio of urinary folates (% of d2-folate dose/% of d4-folate dose) resulting from oral d2-FA and iv d4-FA was 1.45 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SEM) whereas the ratio for oral d2-PteGlu6 and iv d4-FA was 0.67 +/- 0.04. These results indicate that the d2-PteGlu6 is available to humans as a source of folate although its bioavailability is substantially less than that of d2-FA under these conditions.
Institutional Ownership and Conservatism

Prior studies have examined whether conservatism acts as a compliment or a supplement to corporate governance. One argument is that firms with better corporate governance exhibit greater accounting conservatism because of the corporate governance. The other possibility is that conservatism is demanded in the absence of other forms of corporate governance. This study adds to that line of literature by examining the effect of institutional ownership on accounting conservatism. Specifically, we test whether firms with less institutional ownership exhibit more or less accounting conservatism. Consistent with the argument that greater corporate governance leads to more accounting conservatism, our results indicate a higher degree of conservatism in high-institutional ownership settings, consistent with a complimentary relationship between the monitoring from institutional ownership and conservatism. This finding contributes to the debate over why accounting conservatism occurs by finding an increased level of conservatism in firms with better corporate governance.
Strike Durations in the United States: Selected Comparisons from the Public and Private Sectors

This study examines the durations of strikes in selected occupations of the public and private sectors of the U. S. economy in the late post-World War II period. It asks whether differences in the legitimacy of unions and the legality of strikes alter the speed with which strikes end. Also, it argues that a curvilinear relationship between the institutionalization of strikes and unions and the termination rates of strikes exists. Data support hypotheses linking both the distribution of power resources and the institutional setting to the termination rates of different types of strikes (e.g., strikes under different contract statuses and over different issues). In general, where strikes are moderately institutionalized and precedents are being set, strikes end more slowly; at very high or very low levels of institutionalization, strikes end more rapidly.
Infiltration and evaporation of small hydrocarbon spills at gas stations

Small gasoline spills frequently occur at gasoline dispensing stations. We have developed a mathematical model to estimate both the amount of gasoline that infiltrates into the concrete underneath the dispensing stations and the amount of gasoline that evaporates into the typically turbulent atmosphere. Our model shows that the fraction of infiltrated gasoline can exceed the fraction that evaporates from the sessile droplets. Infiltrated gasoline then evaporates and is slowly released to the atmosphere via slow diffusive transport in pores. Tentative experiments show that our theoretical approach captures observed experimental trends. Predictions based on independently estimated model parameters roughly describe the experimental data, except for the very slow vapor release at the end of Stage II evaporation. Our study suggests that, over the lifespan of a gas station, concrete pads underneath gas dispensing stations accumulate significant amounts of gasoline, which could eventually break through into underlying soil and groundwater. Our model also shows that lifetimes of spilled gasoline droplets on concrete surfaces are on the order of minutes or longer. Therefore contamination can be carried away by foot traffic or precipitation runoff. Regulations and guidelines typically do not address subsurface and surface contaminations due to chronic small gasoline spills, even though these spills could result in non-negligible human exposure to toxic and carcinogenic gasoline compounds.
Building State Capacity: Reforming Mexican State Food Aid Programmes in the 1990 s

Recent studies of state food aid to poor households in Mexico by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Food First point to a rare case of successful second-generation reform in the social sector. This article analyses a critical juncture at the start of the 1990 s in which policy-makers predisposed to reform gained an upper hand and over time improved state capacity in an area in which prolific corruption, middle class and urban favouritism and pervasive partisan clientelism reigned for decades. Across Latin America, crisis-inspired state downsizing (“first-generation reform”) has given way to a desire to build state capacity (“second-generation reform”). To date, the regional record is mixed; however, one thing is certain, the context for first-generation reform—macroeconomic instability and foreign lender conditionality—offers an unsatisfactory guide to why and under what circumstances governments embrace, delay or reject second-generation reform.
58.1 : A 4.1-Inch Flexible QVGA AMOLED Using a Microcrystalline-Si:H TFT on a Polyimide Substrate

A 4.1-inch flexible QVGA AMOLED display with microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) TFTs backplane on colorless polyamide (PI) substrate is demonstrated. The PI substrate has the features of high Tg (∼350°C) and high light transmittance (∼90%). The bottom-gate μc-Si:H TFTs backplane is fabricated at 200°C by a conventional (13.56 MHz) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. The flexible μc-Si:H TFTs backplane shows better electrical stability, flexibility, and uniformity.
Fetal echocardiography and its evolving impact 1992 to 2002

The change in frequency over a 10-year time span of establishing a prenatal cardiac diagnosis was studied in infants requiring cardiac surgery in the newborn period. The frequency of prenatal diagnosis increased from 8% to 57%, resulting in earlier postnatal diagnosis and a shift toward delivery in a tertiary care center; the most commonly prenatally diagnosed lesions were either ductal dependent or single ventricular in nature.
Purification of Porcine Phospholamban Expressed inEscherichia coli

Abstract Phospholamban (PLB) is a small hydrophobic protein that regulates contractility in the heart. This membrane protein expressed in bacterial cells is resistant to purification by conventional strategies that have been used to isolate expressed soluble proteins. Therefore, in order to obtain both wild-type and mutant PLB proteins, we have amplified the PLB gene by the polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA of porcine heart and inserted it into the pGEX-2T plasmid expression vector. In this vector, the gene product fused to glutathioneS-transferase has been expressed in JM109Escherichia colicells. The expressed fusion protein was found associated predominantly with insoluble cellular constituents. However, most of the fusion protein was readily extracted with SDS. PLB was subsequently purified by a simple procedure consisting of isolation of the fusion protein by preparative SDS–gel electrophoresis, followed by a second electrophoretic separation of PLB after its cleavage from the fusion protein by thrombin. This isolation method yields 3–4 mg of PLB per liter of cells, in a form which is capable of functional interaction with the Ca-ATPase in reconstituted proteoliposomes.
The role of function in the etiology and treatment of malocclusion.

THE history of orthodontics revolves around the history of mechanical devices developed for the purpose of moving teeth to a more esthetic and better-functioning position. It is on the success of this endeavor that our specialty is built. Forty years ago some leading orthodontists believed that the time had come when appliances were adequate and the orthodontist could turn his attention to the causes of malocclusion. KantorowiczlG said as much in his textbook, while A. Leroy Johnson15 and Milo Hellmanll considered that attention could now be turned to the study of the “biologic laws underlying the development of malocclusions. ” In 1932, however, the introduction of cephalometrics drew attention to the morphologic features associated with normal as well as abnormal occlusions. This ignited the idea that morphologic analysis would eventually disclose the sites, if not the causes, of malocclusions and thereby reveal the nature of maldevelopment. In the past 40 years monumental efforts have been devot,ed to the measurement of profiles, teeth, and dental arches in an attempt to focus on how the human head and face grow and how teeth become malaligned. Cephalometric studies have mapped growth patterns and have disclosed many individual variations which were inaccessible to the earlier workers whose sources of data were photographs and models of living persons and dry skulls of the dead. The most fascinating aspect of the.“cephalometric period” is probably the widespread alchemistic concept that there must be a method of handling the measurement data which would solve the main problems and pave the road to easy ortho
Surface roughness effects in granular matter: Influence on angle of repose and the absence of segregation

We investigate the effect of nanoscale variations in the surface roughness of individual particles on macroscale granular flow characteristics. Experiments were conducted in circular rotating tumblers with smooth and rough 2 and 3 mm steel particles. The smooth beads had a rms surface roughness of approximately 30 to 60 nm; rough beads had a surface roughness of approximately 240 to 350 nm. The dynamic angle of repose for rough particles increased by 10 degrees to 25 degrees over that of smooth particles over a wide range of rotation speeds. Even though surface roughness affects the angle of repose, we were unable to detect any segregation of bidisperse mixtures of rough and smooth particles in the radial direction in two-dimensional (2D) tumblers. Furthermore, no axial banding segregation occurred in 3D tumblers, both cylindrical and spherical. For mixtures of smooth and rough particles, the angle of repose increased monotonically with increasing concentration of rough particles. Particle dynamics simulations verified that the dependence of the angle of repose on the concentration of rough particles can be directly related to the coefficient of friction of the particles. Simulations over a broad range of friction parameters failed to induce segregation solely from differences in the angle of repose. These results indicate that nanoscale surface roughness can affect the flowability and angle of repose of granular matter without driving demixing of the bulk granular material.
Carboranes in the chemist's toolbox

Once seldom encountered outside of a few laboratories, carboranes are now everywhere, playing a role in the development of a broad range of technologies encompassing organic synthesis, radionuclide handling, drug design, heat-resistant polymers, cancer therapy, nanomaterials, catalysis, metal–organic frameworks, molecular machines, batteries, electronic devices, and more. This perspective highlights selected examples in which the special attributes of carboranes and metallacarboranes are being exploited for targeted purposes in the laboratory and in the wider world.
Two-year follow-up of outcomes of second-generation everolimus-eluting stents versus first-generation drug-eluting stents for stenosis of saphenous vein grafts used as aortocoronary conduits.

Second-generation everolimus-eluting stents (EESs) have demonstrated superiority in efficacy and safety compared with first-generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) in the treatment of native coronary artery lesions. The present study evaluated and compared the safety and efficacy of EESs and first-generation DESs in saphenous vein graft lesions. The EES group consisted of 88 patients with 96 lesions, and the first-generation DES group consisted of 243 patients with 317 lesions (sirolimus-eluting stents, n = 212; paclitaxel-eluting stents, n = 105). The end points included target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization), and definite stent thrombosis at 2 years. The groups had similar baseline characteristics and graft ages (128.1 ± 77.5 vs 132.4 ± 90.8 months, p = 0.686). The EES group had more type C lesions and less embolic protection device use. The peak postprocedure values of creatinine kinase-MB and troponin I were similar between the 2 groups. Overall, major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 18.2% of EES patients and 35.0% of first-generation DES patients (p = 0.003), mainly driven by a lower target vessel revascularization rate (6.8% vs 24.5%, p
New Magnetron Sputtered Stainless Steel Nitride Cermet Solar Absorbing Coatings

This paper presents a new method for sputtering solar selective absorber coatings. Radio frequency magnetron reactive sputtering created stainless steel/stainless steel nitride (SS/SS-N) cermet (ceramic-metal composite) thin films under varied nitrogen gas flow ratios. In this present study, a stainless steel material is used for one-target sputtering to manufacture a solar selective absorber film having good solar absorptance of 0.91 and low thermal emittance of 0.06. This sputtering process shows considerable and stable usefulness due to the anti-oxidation and single target. Optical constants n and k have been determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry for cermet composite in a reactive gas flow from 0 percent to 50 percent. Based on the nitrogen content of the film, we used a different oscillator to analyze the film. When the nitrogen gas flow reaches 10 percent, the sputtered film has a significant transformation from metal to cermet properties. When the nitrogen gas flow goes above 17.5 percent, then the film transforms to a dielectric film which can be an anti-reflection layer. A solar absorptance of 0.92 was accepted as the theoretical prediction of optimal selective solar-absorbing three-layer processes which shows that the experimental results agree well with the theoretical prediction.
A method of analysis of oxygen isotopes in orthophosphate—its use in the measurement of paleotemperatures

Abstract An analytical procedure is presented for the determination of the O 18 O 16 ratio in orthophosphate and condensed phosphate. In the described procedure the phosphate is first purified, and then finally precipitated as BiPO4. The phosphate oxygen is released by the following reaction; then it is purified and analysed mass spectrometrically: BiP04(s) + 8/3 BrF3(l) → BiF3(s) + PF5(g) + 4/3 Br2(g) + 2 O2(g) The method is quantitative, free from isotopic fractionation and exchange, and precise to ±0.15‰. A correction can be made for the contaminating effect of water oxygen introduced during the hydrolysis of the condensed phosphates. The possibilities are given for the use of this procedure in the measurement of paleotemperatures.
Effects of sulfhydryl modulation on ethyl acrylate-induced forestomach toxicity

Acute administration of a single dose of ethyl acrylate (EA) to F344 rats by gavage caused time- and dose-dependent forestomach edema. Evidence from our laboratory and others suggested that EA is hydrolyzed to acrylic acid (AA) and ethanol both in vivo and in vitro. The major metabolites detected in teh urine of rats treated with EA were derivatives of the glutathione conjugates of EA and AA. The current work was undertaken to investigate the effects of sulfhydryl-depleting agents (diethylmaleate and fasting) and sulfhydryl-containing agents (cysteine and cysteamine) on EA-induced forestomach edema. Results presented in this report revealed that pretreatment of rats with sulfhydryl-containing chemicals such as cysteine or cysteamine has potentiated EA-induced forestomach edema. In contrast, depletion of indigenous sulfhydryls by fasting of rats or pretreatment with diethylmaleate (DEM) protected against EA-induced forestomach edema. Furthermore, repetitive daily administration of EA by gavage induced mucosal forestomach hyperplasia. Co-administration of cysteamine and EA resulted in a significant enhancement of the severity of EA-induced forestomach mucosal hyperplasia. In conclusion, current data suggest that modulation of indigenous sulfhydryls play a role in EA-induced forestomach toxicity; however, the exact mechanism underlying this role remains to be characterized.
A multi-objective analysis for the retrofit of a pulverized coal power plant with a CO2 capture and compression process

Abstract The long term sustainability of fossil energy systems depends on reducing their carbon footprint and freshwater consumption. Much of the United States is or will be experiencing water shortages in the near future. Since power generation accounts for about a third of all freshwater use, reducing freshwater requirements will be of increasing importance. In addition, recent reports indicate that adding a carbon capture system may double water consumption. Thus, when designing a carbon capture and compression system, it is important to consider not only the direct costs, but also the increased environmental burden associated with increased freshwater requirements. To address these interrelated sustainability issues, a modular framework for multi-objective analysis was developed and demonstrated by minimizing freshwater consumption and levelized cost of electricity for the retrofit of a hypothetical 550 MW subcritical pulverized coal power plant with an MEA-based carbon capture and compression system.
On the evaluation of groundwater contamination from underground nuclear tests

Increasing concern about radioactive contamination of groundwater from underground nuclear tests has reinforced the need for a basic understanding of how the radionuclide inventories of such tests enter and migrate through groundwater. As a basis for studying these processes, the physically and thermally disturbed geologic environment produced by such tests and its relation to the post-test distribution of radionuclides is discussed from a conceptual perspective. These concepts are used to support the development of a reactive transport model to evaluate the nature and extent of radionuclide contamination within alluvium surrounding a specific underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Simulations are focused on determining the abundance and chemical nature of radionuclides that are introduced into groundwater, as well as the rate and extent of radionuclide migration and reaction in groundwater surrounding the working point of the test. Transport simulations based upon a streamline-based numerical model are used to illustrate the nature of radionuclide elution out of the near-field environment and illustrate the conceptual modeling process. The numerical approach allowed for relatively complex flow and chemical reactions to be considered in a computationally efficient manner. The results are particularly sensitive to the rate of melt glass dissolution, distribution of reactive minerals in the alluvium, and overall groundwater flow configuration. They provide a rational basis from which defensible migration assessments over larger spatial and temporal scales can proceed.
The relationship of measures of sex-typed play with clinician ratings on degree of gender disturbance.

Forty-nine boys, aged 3 to 11 years, who were referred for an evaluation of a potential gender identity disorder of childhood, were assessed with a standardized in vivo behavioral observation of sex-typed play in an alone condition and with the parent-report Bates-Bentler Games Inventory. Without access to these measures of sex-typed play, an independent clinical psychologist rated each of the subjects on a 9-point scale that indicated the degree of severity of a gender disturbance, based upon child and parent interviews and a complete psychological test battery. The percentage of feminine play in the behavioral observation procedure was found to be correlated significantly with the clinician rating of degree of gender disturbance (r = .55). The Games Inventory was found to differentiate significantly the gender-disturbed boys from the nonclinical reference group on its feminine/preschool games, masculine nonathletic games, and athletic games subscales and on its composite index of feminine play preference; however, only the composite index (and none of the 3 subscales) was correlated significantly (r = .34) with degree of severity of gender disturbance. Language: en
A New Approach for Health Monitoring and Detection of Shaft Crack Using an Active Magnetic Actuator During Steady-State Rotor Operation

This work demonstrates the capability of an Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) to be used as an actuator for interrogating a system by applying multiple forces to a rotating shaft in order to monitor and evaluate the associated responses to these inputs. Similar to modal analysis techniques which apply input signals to static structures in order to monitor responses to those inputs, this approach allows for the measurement of both input and output response in a rotating system for evaluation. However, unlike these techniques, the procedure developed here allows for multiple forms of force inputs to be applied to a rotating structure. This procedure facilitates the development of new improved techniques for diagnosing subtle changes in machinery health or for identifying faults that would potentially go undetected by conventional methods before failure. Although it is expected that this approach can be used in rotors supported in AMBs, the technique developed here uses an AMB on the rotor in conjunction with conventional support bearings. Therefore, this approach has the potential to be used on any rotating machine that can be designed or retrofitted with a single AMB actuator. To demonstrate this approach experimentally, a notched shaft was chosen to represent a shaft crack for identification purposes. Three cases were examined, including a healthy (unnotched) shaft, and three cases of a shaft with a mid-span notch extending to a depth of 10%, 25%, and 40% of shaft diameter, respectively. During testing, excitations up to 1000 Hz were applied via one axis of the AMB actuator to the four rotor cases while the rotor was operating at a steady-state speed of 2400 rpm, and corresponding responses were recorded at the proximity probes. No changes in the 1st or 2nd natural frequencies were detected, but distinct shifts in the 3rd natural frequency were detected from the Frequency Response Function (FRF) data. Since the vast majority of rotating machinery are designed to operate below the 3rd natural frequency, the effect of the notch on the 3rd natural frequency would not have been identified without the application of excitation forces through the AMB actuator. This paper represents an introduction to the new health monitoring approach and results presented here demonstrate the viability of the technique for detecting shaft cracks that might otherwise go undetected in typical steady-state vibration monitoring approaches.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
GPR Profiles of Glacial Till and its Transition to Bedrock: Interpretation of Water Content, Depth and Signal Loss from Diffractions

ABSTRACT We discuss GPR reflection profiles that we recorded on glacial till and a colluvial diamict at several locations in New Hampshire, and from which we interpret water contents, depths and rates of signal loss. We used pulses centered from 150–200 MHz and 300–360 MHz. The boulder-rich sediments reside over granitic and metavolcanics, the horizons of which we recognize from the relative strengths and phase of their waveforms, underlying fractures, and well-developed diffraction asymptotes. The till produced an apparent dense distribution of diffractions with limited asymptotes and dispersion, and occasional minor stratification. We use these diffractions and moveout profiles to calculate relative dielectric permittivities between 17 and 27, values which suggest up to 30% volumetric water, and likely saturation within these over-consolidated sediments. The evidence for transitions from till to bedrock ranges from a simple horizon to complex horizon segments, all characterized by diffractions and amena...
Poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) as a soluble polymer support in homogeneous catalysis

Use of soluble poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) (PtBS) as a support in synthesis is demonstrated. These soluble polymers supported catalysts that were used in a monophasic medium. Subsequent separation of the catalysts after reaction was effected either by cooling- or by water-induced liquid/liquid-phase separation. Specific catalysts studied included both phosphine and DMAP nucleophilic catalysts. Low loadings of an azo dye quantified the efficiency of separation and recovery of these catalysts through multiple reaction cycles.
Chlorophyllin-apomyoglobin complexes

CHLOROPHYLL (Chl), in vivo as well as in protein complexes purified from photosynthetic organisms, absorbs light at longer wavelengths than does Chl as an isolated molecule in an organic solvent1. These bathochromic absorbance shifts are substantial, up to 40 nm (800 cm−1) for Chl a in green plants and 100 nm (1,400 cm−1) for bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) a in photosynthetic bacteria. An important question is whether these shifts are caused largely by Chl–Chl interactions or by interactions between Chl and the proteins to which all Chl is bound in vivo2–4. This has been difficult to answer because no native Chl–protein complex yet found contains only one pigment molecule. We report here, substituting the water-soluble Chl derivative, chlorophyllin (Chln) a, for haem in myoglobin, and irradiating the resultant complex with red light, the first model Chl–protein complex that verifiably contains a single pigment molecule and that also exhibits a 1,000 cm−1 bathochromic shift in absorbance.
A model approach to laser coagulation of dermal vascular lesions.

The quantitative absorption of light by blood and by human skin is discussed in relation to laser coagulation therapy of dermal vascular lesions. The skin is represented by epidermis and dermis. Both layers are assumed to be planparallel. Absorption and scattering of light by turbid materials was accounted for by the Kubelka theory. Reflection and transmission data of blood and of skin were taken from the literature. This model shows that, firstly, argonlaser coagulation at 488/514.5 nm of dermal vascular lesions is a selective method because vascular absorption exceeds non-vascular dermal absorption by a factor of 10. Secondly, a coagulation depth of about 1 mm is predicted in agreement with the literature. Thirdly, the epidermis absorbs the 488/514.5 nm wavelengths about half as strong as blood and is therefore non-transparent. The consequences of this have been discussed in relation to the final cosmetic result. Fourthly, there is theoretical evidence that better cosmetic results may be expected when coagulation is performed at either 420 nm, 540 nm, or 575 nm. This suggests application of the krypton-laser with lines at 407, 413, and 415 nm (violet), at 531 nm, or at 568 nm. The krypton 647 nm line and the ruby 694 nm line are of little value for this purpose.
Effect of cropping systems on nitrogen mineralization in soils.

Understanding the effect of cropping systems on N mineralization in soils is crucial for a better assessment of N fertilizer requirements of crops in order to minimize nitrate contamination of surface and groundwater resources. The effects of crop rotations and N fertilization on N mineralization were studied in soils from two long-term field experiments at the Northeast Research Center and the Clarion-Webster Research Center in Iowa that were initiated in 1979 and 1954, respectively. Surface soil samples were taken in 1996 from plots of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), oats (Avena sativa L.), or meadow (alfalfa) (Medicago sativa L.) that had received 0 or 180 kg N ha–1 before corn and an annual application of 20 kg P and 56 kg K ha–1. N mineralization was studied in leaching columns under aerobic conditions at 30 °C for 24 weeks. The results showed that N mineralization was affected by cover crop at the time of sampling. Continuous soybean decreased, whereas inclusion of meadow increased, the amount of cumulative N mineralized. The mineralizable N pool (N o) varied considerably among the soil samples studied, ranging from 137 mg N kg–1 soil under continuous soybean to >500 mg N kg–1 soil under meadow-based rotations, sampled in meadow. The results suggest that the N o and/or organic N in soils under meadow-based cropping systems contained a higher proportion of active N fractions.
Effects of acute and subacute cocaine administration on the CNS dopaminergic system in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. I, Levels of dopamine and metabolites

Effects of acute and subacute cocaine administration on dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in striata and nucleus accumbens of nine week-old Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied. Levels of DA,3,4-dihydroxphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were determined by HPLC-EC. There were no differences in DA levels in striata and nucleus accumbens between control WKY and SHR. Levels of DA in two brain regions were unaffected in groups treated acutely with cocaine. Both strains showed a significant increase in striatal HVA 2 hr after cocaine injection. Seven day treatment declined DA levels in striatum of WKY and in nucleus accumbens of SHR. However, only WKY treated subacutely with cocaine showed significantly increased HVA either with or without changes in DOPAC in nucleus accumbens and striatum, respectively. Increased DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA ratios appeared only in striatum of WKY and in nucleus accumbens of SHR following subacute treatment. These results suggest that subacute cocaine administration affects DA levels in striata and nucleus accumbens differently between WKY and SHR.
Resilience training and physician well-being.

To the Editor:— Sood and colleagues developed a training program to increase physician resilience and reduce stress that presumably arises from “multiple demands and expectations.” They did not further explicate what these were.1 Feldman’s accompanying editorial noted that this training could help physicians working in “organizations that reward overwork and dissociation from human feelings and meaning at work,” and who experience burnout due to “the rise of managed care and concomitant increased paperwork and other administrative demands that sap time that could be spent with patients and leave physicians with a diminished sense of autonomy and control over their work.”2 We agree, but believe there needs to be more focus on the nature of the external stressors physicians face. In 2003, we noted physicians felt their core values were threatened by a dysfunctional health care system dominated by large organizations whose leadership did not share their values, and were at times ill-informed, incompetent, self-interested and even corrupt.3 In 2010, Pololi and colleagues’ qualitative interviews with academic generalists included cases in which institutional leadership appeared to put revenues ahead of patient care, teaching, and research, thus forsaking the core values of physicians and academia. Some faculty complained of leaders who allegedly used deception for personal and professional gain.4 Pololi and colleagues have also presented survey data that showed at least 50% of academic generalists felt their institutions’ leadership only cared about the revenue they generated, and did not value teaching, and 30% were afraid to speak out about leaderships’ failings.5 Thus it is reasonable to hypothesize that external threats to physicians’ core values due to poor leadership of increasingly large health care organizations cause stress and burnout. Would it not make more sense to try to counter these stressors directly, rather than just train physicians to be more resilient? Would increasing physician resilience not make them more accepting of what should not be acceptable?
Formulation-level design space exploration for partially reconfigurable FPGAs

Exploiting the benefits afforded by runtime partial reconfiguration (PR) on modern field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)requires PR-capable applications and associated PR-architectures, both of which are challenging tasks due to competing implementation metrics(e.g., area, power, operating frequency, etc.) and results in unmanageable design spaces. PR design space exploration (DSE) techniques and tools assist designers in efficiently and effectively exploring this design space. This paper presents the first, to the best of our knowledge, formulation-level PR DSE tool — FoRSE. FoRSE leverages the application's PR-architecture and mathematical FPGA device models and vendor-specified PR technology to generate Pareto-optimal sets of PR-floorplans and devices based on designer-designated implementation metrics. FoRSE can prune an application's implementation design space by three to four orders of magnitude in approximately 15 seconds.
The temperature dependence of the elastic constants for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite determined by ultrasonic techniques

Abstract Sound velocities along the c -axis of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite between 4 and 325 K were measured with an ultrasonic pulse-echo phase-comparison method. The echo delay times were determined with an accuracy of 0.05 and 0.15%, respectively, for the longitudinal and transverse modes. The temperature dependence of the c -axis elastic constants C 33 and C 44 was deduced with the correction of thermal expansion. C 33 was found to decrease by 5.8% from 4 to 300 K and can be interpreted by a model based on the simple Lennard-Jones interlayer interaction. C 44 and its temperature variation are found to be strongly sample dependent.
Relation of Pock Size on Chorioallantoic Membrane to Antigenic Type of Herpesvirus Hominis

SummaryStrains of herpesvirus hominis (HVH) which were recovered primarily from genital sites and which belonged to antigenic type 2 were found to produce large pocks (av diameter > 0.5 mm) on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated eggs. Type 1 HVH strains isolated primarily from nongenital sites produced small pocks (av diameter < 0.5 mm) on the CAM. Histological examinations of the infected CAM have revealed that type 1 HVH strains produce ectodermal proliferation with little subectodermal involvement. Type 2 HVH strains involve ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal layers with marked necrosis, hemorrhages and inflammatory cells. Multinucleated giant cells are more readily found in CAM infected with type 2 strains. The conflicting reports of other workers regarding pock size and histological findings after infection with various HVH strains may be explained by their multiple passages in eggs and other selective factors. Also included is a comparison of CAM infection with type 1 and 2 HVH and ...
Planar Grating Diffraction: Multiwave Coupled-Wave Theory And Modal Theory

General slanted planar gratings bounded by two different media, have been analyzed using a new rigorous coupled-wave approach. The analysis is unifying and is formulated in a simple matrix form easily implemented on a digital computer. Sample calculations for transmission, slanted, and reflection gratings are presented. This new approach is compared to the widely-used modal approach and to the approximate coupled-wave approaches. It is shown that, for the present coupled-wave approach, solutions are easily calculated for general slanted gratings whereas solutions using the modal approach are available only for unslanted (pure trans-mission) gratings.
An Overview of the Runtime Verification Tool Java PathExplorer

We present an overview of the Java PathExplorer runtime verification tool, in short referred to as JPAX. JPAX can monitor the execution of a Java program and check that it conforms with a set of user provided properties formulated in temporal logic. JPAX can in addition analyze the program for concurrency errors such as deadlocks and data races. The concurrency analysis requires no user provided specification. The tool facilitates automated instrumentation of a program's bytecode, which when executed will emit an event stream, the execution trace, to an observer. The observer dispatches the incoming event stream to a set of observer processes, each performing a specialized analysis, such as the temporal logic verification, the deadlock analysis and the data race analysis. Temporal logic specifications can be formulated by the user in the Maude rewriting logic, where Maude is a high-speed rewriting system for equational logic, but here extended with executable temporal logic. The Maude rewriting engine is then activated as an event driven monitoring process. Alternatively, temporal specifications can be translated into automata or algorithms that can efficiently check the event stream. JPAX can be used during program testing to gain increased information about program executions, and can potentially furthermore be applied during operation to survey safety critical systems.
Do serum dexamethasone levels improve the DST

Some investigators have reported that dexamethasone suppression test (DST) accuracy might be improved by incorporating dexamethasone concentrations ([dex]) into test results. Using receiver operating characteristic methods, we evaluated data from four studies in which cortisol and dexamethasone levels were measured simultaneously at one or more times after drug ingestion. We compared DST accuracy using cortisol alone with various diagnostic indices incorporating [dex]. In none of the 21 comparisons did the [dex] factor enhance diagnostic performance.
Dual-culture marriage and communication

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the communication aspect of intercultural marriage. The author clarifies current terminology and argues for adoption of the term dual-culture marriage. Relevant marriage literature is reviewed, showing movement from problem-oriented studies to adjustment analysis. Contributions of Karlsson, Tseng, and Festinger to dyadic communication are noted by the author who relates their work to understanding the role of communication in dual-culture marriage. The importance of self-disclosure and decision-making power is explained, and practical guidelines toward more effective communication in dual-culture marriage are offered.
Energetic deposition of metal ions: observation of self-sputtering and limited sticking for off-normal angles of incidence

The deposition of films under normal and off-normal angles of incidence has been investigated in order to explore the relevance of non-sticking and self-sputtering of energetic ions. Non-sticking and self-sputtering lead to the formation of neutral atoms which return to the plasma and affect its properties. The flow of energetic ions was obtained using a filtered cathodic arc system in high vacuum. The range of materials included Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Ti and Ni. Consistent with molecular dynamics simulations published in the literature, the experiments showed that the combined effects of non-sticking and self-sputtering appear to be significant, although the relatively large error range of the experimental method would not allow us to derive quantitative data. It was shown that modest heating of the substrate and intentional introduction of oxygen background gas considerably affected the results.