cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hispanic ethnicity and acculturation, maternal age and the risk of gastroschisis in the national birth defects prevention study

UNLABELLED Studies indicate that gastroschisis is associated with maternal age, ethnicity, and acculturation. This analysis was conducted to further define the associations between gastroschisis and parental Hispanic ethnicity and acculturation, and to determine whether such associations vary by maternal age. METHODS This study was based on data from mothers of 753 gastroschisis cases and 6,496 control infants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. The relationships between gastroschisis and both parental Hispanic ethnicity and acculturation, within maternal age strata (<20 versus ≥20 years at conception), were assessed using logistic regression and principal component analyses. RESULTS The risk of gastroschisis in offspring of women <20 years old was not significantly associated with parental Hispanic ethnicity or acculturation. Among mothers ≥20 years old, US-born non-Hispanic white parents had a lower risk of gastroschisis in offspring as compared to either US-born Hispanic (odds ratios [ORs] ranging from 0.55 to 0.60) or English-speaking Hispanic (ORs ranging from 0.58 to 0.65) parents. Further, compared with US born Hispanic women ≥20 years, the risk of gastroschisis was lower for Hispanic women who had lived in the US <5 years (OR=0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17, 0.74) or who migrated to the US at ≥20 years (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.88). CONCLUSION These results provide further evidence that gastroschisis risk is associated with ethnicity and some aspects of acculturation. Additionally, these associations were limited to the offspring of women who are ≥20 at the time of conception.
The Wave, Educational Reform, and Teachers as Cheerleaders.

(1986). The Wave, Educational Reform, and Teachers as Cheerleaders. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 59, No. 9, pp. 387-389.
Mutually Penetrating Motion of Self-Organized 2D Patterns of Soliton-Like Structures

Results of numerical simulations of a recently derived most general dissipative-dispersive PDE describing evolution of a film flowing down an inclined plane are presented. They indicate that a novel complex type of spatiotemporal patterns can exist for strange attractors of nonequilibrium systems. It is suggested that real-life experiments satisfying the validity conditions of the theory are possible: the required sufficiently viscous liquids are readily available.
Low Rank Approximation using Error Correcting Coding Matrices

Low-rank matrix approximation is an integral component of tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), as well as is an important instrument used in applications like web search, text mining and computer vision, e.g., face recognition. Recently, randomized algorithms were proposed to effectively construct low rank approximations of large matrices. In this paper, we show how matrices from error correcting codes can be used to find such low rank approximations. The benefits of using these code matrices are the following: (i) They are easy to generate and they reduce randomness significantly. (ii) Code matrices have low coherence and have a better chance of preserving the geometry of an entire subspace of vectors; (iii) Unlike Fourier transforms or Hadamard matrices, which require sampling O(k log k) columns for a rank-k approximation, the log factor is not necessary in the case of code matrices. (iv) Under certain conditions, the approximation errors can be better and the singular values obtained can be more accurate, than those obtained using Gaussian random matrices and other structured random matrices.
Relation between structure and immunologic properties of the Vi capsular polysaccharide.

The Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi is a linear homopolymer of poly-alpha(1----4)GalNAcp variably O acetylated at the C-3 position. Serum antibodies elicited by this antigen confer protective immunity against typhoid fever. The relation between the immunologic properties and structure of Vi was investigated by carboxyl reduction, O deacetylation, and acid hydrolysis. The immunogenicity of Vi was closely related to its degree of O acetylation. Partial O deacetylation slightly increased immunogenicity; complete O deacetylation eliminated the immunogenicity of Vi. O-deacetylated Vi, however, still reacted with antisera prepared by injection of whole bacteria. Carboxyl reduction, in contrast, had a comparatively slight effect upon both the immunogenicity and antigenicity of Vi. Retention levels of antigenicity after acid treatment were greater for both the native and carboxyl-reduced Vi than for the O-deacetylated product. The Courtauld-Koltun space-filling model of a pentamer of Vi demonstrated that the bulky nonpolar O-acetyls, which protrude in rows on both sides, make up most of the surface. The carboxyls are less exposed and are partially shielded by the O-acetyls. The molecular model thus provides an explantation for the dominant role of the O-acetyls, as well as the lesser effect of carboxyl reduction, upon the immunologic properties of Vi. Images
Genome-Wide High-Resolution Mapping by Recurrent Intermating Using Arabidopsis Thaliana as a Model

We demonstrate a method for developing populations suitable for genome-wide high-resolution genetic linkage mapping, by recurrent intermating among F(2) individuals derived from crosses between homozygous parents. Comparison of intermated progenies to F(2) and ``recombinant inbred'' (RI) populations from the same pedigree corroborate theoretical expectations that progenies intermated for four generations harbor about threefold more information for estimating recombination fraction between closely linked markers than either RI-selfed or F(2) individuals (which are, in fact, equivalent in this regard). Although intermated populations are heterozygous, homozygous ``intermated recombinant inbred'' (IRI) populations can readily be generated, combining additional information afforded by intermating with the permanence of RI populations. Intermated populations permit fine-mapping of genetic markers throughout a genome, helping to bridge the gap between genetic map resolution and the DNA-carrying capacity of modern cloning vectors, thus facilitating merger of genetic and physical maps. Intermating can also facilitate high-resolution mapping of genes and QTLs, accelerating map-based cloning. Finally, intermated populations will facilitate investigation of other fundamental genetic questions requiring a genome-wide high-resolution analysis, such as comparative mapping of distantly related species, and the genetic basis of heterosis.
The mean Circulation of Unstratified Water Bodies Drive by Nonlinear Topographic Wave Interactions

Abstract A critical evaluation is presented of the conventional view that long-term mean circulation of homogeneous basins may be identified with the quasi-steady response of linear models to atmospheric forcing. Based on climatological wind records for the Great Lakes region, it is shown that the mean circulation for unstratified seasons is dominated by rectified effects of nonlinear topographic wave interactions. It is also shown that the dependence of the rectified flow on the frequency of periodic forcing is similar to the linear topographic response to wind with resonance characteristics for certain frequencies determined by topography and friction.
A measure of effective crosslinks in formaldehyde‐modified cotton celluloses

Sol-gel fractions have been measured for cotton celluloses crosslinked with formaldehyde under widely different conditions of reaction and have been employed for estimation of the efficiency of crosslinking in the various processes. Most efficient utilization of formaldehyde for insolubilization of molecular chains is indicated for an aqueous process (form W′) and least efficient utilization is indicated for a nonaqueous process (form D′), the difference in efficiency being approximately a factor of 40. Interpretation of sol-gel data has been made relative to a model assuming random reaction of crosslinking agent throughout the cotton cellulose and by relationships developed by Charlesby and Pinner and by Shultz. This leads to estimates of relative numbers (moles) of effective chain elements per gram, ve (i.e., twice the number of effective crosslinks), which decrease in the following sequence for cottons at the 0.20% level of formaldehyde (i.e., 6.7 × 10−5 mole/g.): aqueous process, higher formaldehyde concentration (W′, ve = 4.8 × 10−5), vapor process (V, ve = 1.75 × 10−5), bake-cure process (C, ve = 1.37 × 10−5), aqueous process, lower formaldehyde concentration (W, ve = 0.95 × 10−5), nonaqueous process (D, ve = 0.03 × 10−5).
Direct comparison of infrared and ultraviolet wavelength matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of proteins.

In an effort to gain an understanding of the processes governing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), we made a direct comparison of ultraviolet (UV)- and infrared (IR)-MALDI linear time-of-flight mass spectra of proteins obtained from the same samples and matrices (on the same sample surface), using two different lasers, each having short duration (<10-ns) pulses, i.e., a tunable wavelength Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) pumped optical parametric oscillator laser operating at 2.94 µm and a Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm. We observed that (1) the IR-MALDI and UV-MALDI spectra of a given protein from the same matrix were strikingly similar; (2) protein ions produced by IR-MALDI experienced less fragmentation than those produced by UV-MALDI; and (3) photochemical adducts produced during UV-MALDI were absent in IR-MALDI. These results lead us to speculate on the mechanisms for the ionization process in UV- and IR-MALDI. Because photons with a wavelength of ∼3 µm are unlikely to effect electronic excitation of the matrix at the irradiance used for MALDI, we propose that ionization in IR-MALDI occurs as a natural consequence of the solid-to-gas phase transition induced by the IR irradiation, and involves proton transfer reactions in the intermediate phase between solid and gas. The strikingly similar UV- and IR-MALDI mass spectra leads us to the additional proposal that ionization in UV-MALDI may also be a natural consequence of the phase transition and that electronic excitation may not play a primary role in the ionization process.
Handling of Phase Change in Thermal Simulators

The problems associated with handling phase change in thermal simulators are considered. A new set of pseudoequilibrium ratios (PER's) is introduced and implemented in a steam model. The proposed approach is compared with the variable substitution (VS) method and is shown to be an efficient, simple method of handling phase change.
Functional morphology of indrid lumbar vertebrae

Indrids are primarily vertical clingers and leapers but also engage to various extents in climbing, suspensory postures, bimanual movement, bipedal hopping, and quadrupedalism. It has been demonstrated that these behaviors are well reflected in the appendicular anatomy of these primates, while indrid vertebral anatomy has received relatively little attention. In this morphometric study, biomechanically relevant aspects of the lumbar vertebrae of Indri indri, Propithecus diadema, and Propithecus verreauxi were compared to those of Varecia variegata, a large-bodied predominantly pronograde and quadrupedal lemur. Results indicate that, compared to Varecia, the indrids have relatively shorter lumbar vertebral bodies, shorter lumbar regions, more dorsally projecting lumbar spinous processes, and more dorsally positioned lumbar transverse process tips. In addition, indrid lumbar spinous and transverse processes are oriented differently than those of Varecia. Overall, indrid lumbar vertebral morphology converges with that of hominoids, atelines, and possibly lorids,1 suggesting a lumbar adaptation to upright or “antipronograde” postures that require a reduction in spinal flexibility. The dorsally projecting spinous processes may be related to back muscle extensor power during leaping and/or the maintenance of upright postures. By contrast, the lumbar vertebrae of Varecia resemble those of primates and other mammals that have habitually pronograde postures and emphasize spinal flexibility in the sagittal plane during locomotion. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Oxydation von Hydrazobenzol in basischen Lösungen

Im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt der Autoxydation in Methanol/Methylat reagiert Sauerstoff mit dem Monoanion von Hydrazobenzol. In stark basischem Dimethylsulfoxid/tert.-Butylalkohol kann ein Ablauf uber das Dianion und Radikalanion des Hydrazobenzols erzwungen werden; dabei entsteht Kaliumhyperoxid (KO2). Im Licht dieser Ergebnisse werden die Autoxydation von Anilin und Benzhydrol diskutiert.
Reassessments of sociological history: The empirical validity of the conflict tradition

The conflict tradition does not end with Max Weber, but there is room for only the barest sketch of subsequent or even contemporary developments. We have already covered many of the follow-ups of the Marx-Weber line of conflict sociology. Among these, there is the important line of influence inwhich Michels served as the link between Weber's historical theory of organizational politics and the organizational studies of the 1940–60's. Studies of stratification, although often pursued with naive theoretical categories, have gradually accumulated a great deal of evidence bolstering and refining the classical principles explained above; and some work, especially since the time of C. Wright Mills (but not necessarily influenced by him) has made a conscious effort to build on classical theory.
Definition of the initial immunologic modifications upon in vitro gliadin challenge in the small intestine of celiac patients

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mucosal cell-mediated immune response is considered the central event in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. In cultured intestinal explants from celiacs in remission, we have characterized the early stages of gliadin-induced immune activation. METHODS: Intestinal biopsy specimens (15 treated celiacs and 13 controls) were cultured with gliadin or maize prolamine digests for 24 hours as well as for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours in some subjects. The expression of immunologic markers was detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Gliadin challenge may initiate two parallel pathways, one of which leads to T-cell activation and another that precedes it. Epithelial cells overexpress DR molecules after 1 hour, and in a second stage T lymphocytes become fully activated. Moreover, T lymphocytes migrate in the upper mucosal layers. T lymphocytes that migrate in the higher lamina propria compartments are mainly CD4+ and show markers of activation; migrating intraepithelial lymphocytes are CD8+ and do not express these markers. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro gliadin challenge is a suitable model to reproduce various immunologic features of celiac lesions; these may be caused by different pathways. The comprehension of these phenomena is essential to clarify the distinctive pathogenic mechanisms leading to disease and may help in defining novel therapeutic approaches. (Gastroenterology 1996 May;110(5):1368-78)
L. Jeff Lefkoff: Congressional Science Fellow

L. Jeff Lefkoff, a hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS; Menlo Park, Calif.) and doctoral student at Stanford University (Stanford, Calif.), has been selected as the 1986–1987 AGU Congressional Science Fellow. A member of AGU's Hydrology Section, he will begin his 1-year tenure on Capitol Hill as AGU's 10th Congressional Science Fellow in January. At USGS and Stanford, Lefkoff has conducted research on the hydrologic and economic consequences of various options in water resources policy, especially the use of open markets for water rights. His work for USGS has included development of a computer model, intended for public distribution, for general groundwater management. He has used this model to design aquifer restoration systems and to analyze their hydrologic and economic performance.
Interaction between horizontal and vertical fusional responses

Human fusional responses to combinations of horizontal and vertical disparity presentations were studied in order to determine how the horizontal and vertical fusional components are utilized during the response. Vertical fusional amplitudes decreased in the presence of large horizontal disparities. The reaction time to a vertical-step disparity increased when a horizontalstep disparity was simultaneously presented. Neither horizontal fusional amplitudes nor horizontal vergence responses to step or ramp disparity presentations were affected by the presence of vertical disparities. Thus, the results indicate a unilateral interaction between horizontal and vertical fusional components, one in which the fusibility of a compound disparity is affected by the order in which the disparity components are introduced.
Spatial and temporal variations in the transport and storage of trace metal contaminants in the upper Rio Pilcomayo, southern Bolivia

Mining of the Cerro Rico de Potosi precious metal-polymetallic tin deposits of Bolivia began in 1545 and has led to severe contamination of water and sediments of the upper Rio Pilcomayo drainage system. Detailed geomorphological, stratigraphic and geochemical analyses show that the downstream transport and deposition of sediment-borne trace metals from Cerro Rico vary among three types of river reaches. Reach types, called process zones, are characterised by a semi-homogeneous set of landforms and geomorphic processes. The potential for trace metals to be remobilised and negatively impact the riverine ecosystem also differs between these process zones. The analysis, then, demonstrates that the assessment of trace metal contamination within rivers that drain the eastern flank of the Andes, and other high relief terrains, requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates an understanding of both geomorphological and geochemical factors.
Wintertime Winds and Coastal Sea-Level Fluctuations in the Northeast China Sea. Part II: Numerical Model

Abstract As a sequel to data analysis reported in Part I, a numerical model of the wintertime wind-driven circulation of the northeast Chine Sea is developed with the primary purpose of achieving an understanding of the underlying dynamics to several observed features of the coastal sea-level behavior. The model is linear and pertains to the vertically integrated balance of momentum and mass in a well mixed shallow ocean. The model bathymetry incorporates a realistic shelf embayment and an open-ocean region of a depth so limited that observed sea-level differences across open boundaries in the deep western Pacific do not result in unreasonably large model transports. From results of model runs for the 1980/81 winter, it is found that 1) along the west coast of South Korea, sea-level setup to the south is a consequence chiefly of the presence, at the end of the Korean Peninsula, of relatively deep offshore water that is less responsive to wind forcing than the shallow shelf water, 2) pressure gradient forc...
How should the immunosuppressive regimen be managed in patients with established chronic allograft failure

The transplant literature is replete with recommendations regarding the choice of immunosuppressive medications for the prevention and treatment of acute rejection, and, with somewhat less conviction, for long-term maintenance immunosuppression1. The question posed in the title, however, has been given minimal attention. It is of great practical importance, and it is one of the most frequent questions posed to me by my nephrology colleagues responsible for the long-term care transplant of recipients. The discussion that follows will relate principally to the immunosuppressive management of the failing kidney transplant. The broader diagnostic and management issues have been reviewed extensively elsewhere.
Meeting the Transition Needs of College-Bound Students with Learning Disabilities

This article presents the Project ASSIST high school to college transition program, developed at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, which assists high school students with learning disabilities in adjusting to the university setting. The transition from a structured, controlled environment to a less structured, open setting can be overwhelming. In an effort to facilitate the students' abilities to cope with the issues and activities facing them during the transition period, this fiveweek, noncredit, posthigh school/precollege summer model program emphasizes six components including: affective support, diagnostic evaluation, academic reinforcement and instruction, strategy training, awareness of support services available on campus, and a general campus awareness.
Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis during colonoscopy: report of a survey

Ninety-eight directors of infectious disease training programs responded to a questionnaire about bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis for susceptible patients during colonoscopy. Although 54% recommended a penicillin and an aminoglycoside, antibiotics commonly used to protect against the enterococcus, there are no published data to support the use of prophylaxis. Most directors of gastrointestinal training programs do not routinely use antibiotic prophylaxis during colonoscopy. If antibiotics are chosen, they should include a penicillin and an aminoglycoside or vancomycin (alone or with aminoglycoside) at the dosage schedule suggested by the American Heart Association Committee.
Desmoplastic tricholemmoma of the eyelid misdiagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall

Background: Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) most commonly presents on the eyelid and is frequently misdiagnosed both clinically and pathologically. Only very rare cases of desmoplastic tricholemmoma (DTL) of the eyelid have been reported. Methods: We present a case of DTL of the eyelid initially misdiagnosed as an invasive SC. Results: A 55-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing 5 mm erythematous lesion on his upper eyelid. Histologic examination showed a lobular, folliculocentric proliferation of palely eosinophilic to clear cells surrounded by peripheral basal cells with palisading. The central portion of the lesion appeared infiltrative with clear cells surrounded by a thickened basement embedded in a dense, collagenous stroma. However, the cells showed mostly uniform cytoplasmic clearing, lacking the multivacuolization or nuclear scalloping of sebocytes. In addition, a periodic acid Schiff stain was positive with diastase sensitivity, indicating cytoplasmic glycogen, not lipid. CD34 immunohistochemical staining was also positive, which has been reported in DTL but not in SC. Conclusions: SC is often misdiagnosed as other entities, but misidentification of other neoplasms as SC is less common; however, this is an important diagnostic pitfall, as it may result in unnecessary and disfiguring surgical treatment and consequent medical-legal liability. Therefore, DTL should enter the differential diagnosis of clear-cell neoplasms on the eyelid.
Enhancement of glycosylation of cellular glycoconjugates in the squamous carcinoma cell line MDA886Ln by beta-all-trans retinoic acid.

Retinoids have been shown to inhibit the growth and modulate the glycosylation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells including the MDA886Ln cells. To examine the effects of β-all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on glycoconjugates in HNSCC MDA886Ln cells, the cells were grown in the absence or presence of 1 µM RA and then labeled with tritiated monosaccharides, extracted and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. RA increased markedly the incorporation of [3H]-glucosamine, [3H]-galactose, and [3H]-mannose into numerous cellular glycoconjugates, however, the incorporation of [3H]-fucose and [3H]-leucine was almost unaffected by RA. RA increased the incorporation of glucosamine and galactose but not mannose into high molecular weight (HMW) glycoconjugates of about 220 and 500–600 kDa. To analyse the steady state level of glycoconjugates by lectin blotting, extracts of unlabeled cells were separated by gel electrophoresis and the gels were probed with125I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) andMaackia amurensis (MA) agglutinin. Both lectins were found to bind to numerous glycoconjugates including the HMW glycoconjugates, whereas125I-peanut agglutinin bound only to the HMW glycoconjugates. RA treatment increased the binding of all three lectins to the HMW glycoconjugates. These findings demonstrate that RA enhanced the incorporation of specific monosaccharides into a variety of glycoconjugates and in particular into HMW mucin-like glycoconjugates. This effect of RA may be the result of induction of a more normal differentiation state of the HNSCC cells.
An innovative method for measuring hydrogen and deuterium: Chemical reaction interface mass spectrometry with nitrogen reactant gas

A new method for measuring deuterium isotopic enrichment with CRIMS (chemical reaction interface mass spectrometry) is described. Using nitrogen as the reactant gas in a chemical reaction interface generates molecular hydrogen that provides the H2 and HD from which the deuterium content can be analyzed with a benchtop quadrupole mass spectrometer. Samples of deuterated leucine in unlabeled leucine were used as the primary test species. Detection of deuterium enrichment was accurate, precise, and linear. We used this scheme to evaluate the results of a process to acetylate lysine residues in a peptide—neurotensin. With separation on a C18 column, we found a 61% yield of the desired monoethylated product that had a D/H ratio very close to the theoretical one. Isotope ratio monitoring for deuterated species will be important in metabolism studies where CRIMS generates a comprehensive and quantitative view of products of deuterated precursors. Where concerns about metabolic isotope effects of deuterium are absent, the use of deuterium will enable these studies to be performed with simpler syntheses and at less cost than if using 13C or 15N.
Built-up Edge Elimination in Mirror Cutting of Hardened Steel

A built-up edge with normally give a poor finish. The conventional way of eliminating the built-up edge is to increase cutting speed and feed (i.e., increase tool face temperature). It is shown here that a built-up edge can also be eliminated if the workpiece hardness is above a critical value. This critical value is such that the workpiece hardness be somewhat greater than half the hardness of the built-up edge that forms at low hardness and speed, since the built-up edge hardness is between 2 and 3 times the corresponding workpiece hardness. It is suggested the reason for this is that the hardness of the workpiece must be less than the hardness of the built-up edge, otherwise the built-up edge disappears. This new method of eliminating the built-up edge by use of hard work material prevents built-up edge formation even at low feeds and speeds, thus making it possible to produce extremely a good (mirror) finish under these conditions
Automatic heart volume measurement from CMR images using ant colony optimization with iterative salient isolated thresholding

Summary Manual segmentation of CMR images is inefficient and inconsistent method for measuring ventricular volumes. In this study, a new technique (ACOISIT) is developed and implemented for measuring ventricular volumes. The technique is based on automatic delineation of bloodmyocardium border using ant colony optimization with salient isolated thresholding. The technique was implemented on datasets from eight volunteers and the results were compared to manual segmentation. ACOISIT showed good agreement with the gold standard and was faster and more consistent than manual segmentation. Background
An interaction of dieldrin with thiamine.

SummaryA dietary level of 20 ppm of dieldrin increased growth in rats raised on rations containing low levels of thiamine, or conversely, the low dietary intake of thiamine produced a smaller growth depression in rats ingesting dieldrin. There was a marked variation among litters in their response to the nutritional stress and the dieldrin produced a more pronounced response in those litters which were more susceptible to the thiamine deficiency stress.
Embedded ASR: Lessons Learned Integrating Speech Control into Embedded Systems

For the most basic embedded systems, an integrator must assume that the system has no keyboard support, no mouse, and no monitor. A programmable keypad and a limited alphanumeric display are the us...
Diagenetic History of Phosphoria, Tensleep, and Madison Formations, La Barge Platform, Wyoming: ABSTRACT

Petrographic and geochemical data from cores in the Wyoming Overthrust belt are used to integrate thermal maturation of the Phosphoria with timing of cementation and porosity development in the Tensleep and Madison. Vitrinite reflectance studies from the Phosphoria indicate that it contains both bitumen and kerogen and that it has already generated some hydrocarbons and retains the potential to generate more. These hydrocarbons migrated into the Tensleep during an intermediate stage of silica cementation and into the Madison prior to the last phase of dolomitization. The observed diagenetic sequences for the underlying Tensleep and Madison, in conjunction with depositional interpretations, demonstrate that porosity generation was critically affected by both depositional environment and early diagenetic history. The Tensleep and Madison underwent dramatically different histories of cementation and porosity development. This is reflected in the present maximum of 5% porosity in the Tensleep contrasted with 20% porosity in parts of the Madison. If porosity in the Tensleep was not destroyed by early evaporitic cements, then continuous destruction of porosity by silica and dolomite cementation occurred throughout its burial history. In contrast, preliminary isotopic studies indicate porosity in the Madison was developed at temperatures of less than 35& 176; C. These regionally correlatable porous zones in the Madison which have persisted from shallow burial to present depths of 15,000 ft (4,572 m) emphasize the potential of the Madison as a hydrocarbon reservoir both now and in the geologic past. End_of_Article - Last_Page 566------------
High dose intravenous aspirin, not low dose intravenous or oral aspirin, inhibits thrombus formation and stabilizes blood flow in experimental coronary vascular injury

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the antithrombotic potential of various forms of aspirin administration. Background. Platelet activation in response to endothelial injury has been implicated in acute coronary syndromes. Methods. Delivering 100-/gmA anodal direct current to the intima of the left circumtlex coronary artery in dogs at a site of moderate external stenosis provides a thrombogenic model of vascular injury. Animals were treated with aspirin (Group I, 20 mg/kg intravenously [n - 11]; Group II, 4.6 mg/kg intravenously [n = 6]; Group III, 4.6 mg/kg orally 18 h before the experiment [n = 7]J or vehicle (Group IV, control [n = 11]). Results. The time required for thrombotic occlusion to occur was longer and the incidence of thrombosis was lower in Group 1 (Group I, 238 ± 7 min [n = 2]; Group II, 127 ± 25 min [n = 3]; Group III, 156 ± 35 min [n = 6]; Group IV, 90 ± 11 min [n = 11]) (p < 0.05). Thrombus mass was smaller In Group I (Group 1, 5.0 ± 0.8 mg; Group II, 12.2 ± 2.6 mg; Group HI, 11.6 ± 3.9 mg; Group IV, 9.1 ± 1.6 mg) (p < 0.05). Initial hemodynamic variables did not differ among groups. An increase in mean arterial pressure was noted for several hours after intravenous aspirin administration in Group I(99 ± 5 to 110 ± 4 mm Hg) (p < 0.05). Left circumflex coronary artery blood flow was stable for 5 h in Group I (Group I, 31 ± 2 to 26 ± 4 ml/min) but decreased in all the other groups (Group II, 26 ± 4 to 10 ± 5 ml/min; Group III, 27 ± 5 to 7 ± 7 ml/min; Group IV, 29 ± 4 to 0 ml/min) (p ⩽ 0,05). The in vivo area or left ventricle perfused by the left circumflex coronary artery was not different among groups. Platelet counts were similar and did not change over the course of the protocol. Ex vivo arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation decreased in all groups after aspirin (p ⩽ 0.001). Indium-III-labeled platelet adherence to the coronary vasculature was decreased in distal vessel segments after all doses of aspirin (p < 0.05), Platelet deposition in thrombi was similar for all treatment groups. Conclusions. High dose intravenous aspirin has salutary effects. It stabilizes left circumflex coronary- artery blood flow, prolongs the time to thrombosis, reduces the incidence of thrombolic occlusion, reduces thrombus mass and limits platelet adherence to sites of arterial injury. Low dose aspirin given intravenously or orally was ineffective. When persistent intracoronary thrombi precipitate unstable coronary syndromes, high dose intravenous aspirin may be useful in the acute period even though platelets continue to interact with injured vascular segments through aspirin-insensitive mechanisms.
Increased Levels of Myo-Inositol are Associated With Impaired Working Memory and Active Avoidance in Blast Neurotrauma Animals

Impaired working memory and anxiety are major clinical symptoms commonly associated with subjects exposed to blast overpressure [1–4]. Despite this association, there remains a vital need for biomarkers to help effectively diagnosis blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT). Clinically, elevated myo-inositol has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including dementia and elevated levels may reflect activation of microglia. In the present study, we evaluated the cognitive and behavioral changes in blast exposed animals using the novel object recognition (working memory paradigm) and light/dark (anxiety test) assessments. In addition, we used high resolution magic angle spinning H-MRS to assess neurochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, brain regions associated with working memory and anxiety respectively. Results suggest that exposure to blast has a significant effect on the levels of myo-inositol which appear to be linked with impaired working memory.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Phototautomerization of Cytosine Derivatives on Ultra-violet Irradiation 1

UNSTABLE products were formed from certain cytosine derivatives on ultra-violet irradiation. These products had a new band at ∼240 mµ and lacked the characteristic ∼270 mµ maxima of cytosine derivatives. The products were not only reconstituted to their original compounds in the presence of acid and base but also spontaneously reconstituted themselves on standing, as indicated by the reversion of the ultra-violet spectra2. Therefore, in these respects the cytosines differ from the uracils1,8.
The Hyperfine Structure of Lead

The hyperfine structure of several lines of Pb I and Pb II in the violet and ultraviolet regions has been determined. $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lambda}4168$, 4062, 4058, 4019, 3739, 3683, 3671, 3639, 3572, 2873, 2833, 2823, 2802 of Pb I, and $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lambda}4386$, 4245, 3786, 3016, 2948 of Pb II were found to have structure. $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lambda}2663$, 2614, 2613, and 2577 of Pb I were observed and found to be simple. Exposures with uranium-lead showed that all of the above lines are single for ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{206}$. It was also found from the line patterns that there is a larger abundance of ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$ than ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{208}$ in uranium-lead (Belgian Congo). The hyperfine splittings of $s^{3}P_{0.1}$ and $p^{3}P_{0,1,2}$ of ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$ I were calculated. The center of gravity of the ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$ terms and the single ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{206}$ and ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{208}$ terms for these levels were found to fall in the order of their masses. Much larger isotope displacements were observed for Pb II than for Pb I.
Experimental and theoretical studies of substituent effects in hydrogen bond based molecular recognition of a zwitterion by substituted arylureas

Abstract Electron withdrawing groups have a strong effect on hydrogen bonding to aryl ureas. The effect of para substituents modestly exceeds the effect of meta substituents. Among common substituent parameters, σ − ( ϱ = 1.77, r 2 = 0.988) is found to be the best predictor for the observed effects of para substituents in aryl ureas. Semi-empirical and ab initio methods are used to calculate charge distributions in substituted benzene derivatives and in these ureas. A comparison of experimental and predicted (AM1, STO3G, 321-G ∗ , 631-G ∗∗ ) dipole moments of benzene derivatives is presented. It is shown that calculated surface electric potentials for these thioureas successfully predict the relative hydrogen bonded association energies.
The First Line of Defense: Inventing the Infrastructure to Combat Animal Diseases

Control of livestock disease had large spillover effects on human health. By 1900 the United States was a leader in livestock disease control, thanks to the efforts of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Its first chief, Daniel Salmon, established a model that would be copied around the world in campaigns against human and animal diseases. For the most part, the Progressive Era regulations to advance livestock health and food safety were spectacular successes. The bureau's main blunder was its failure to deal effectively with trichinosis, which was far more widespread than generally believed.
Space and time correlation in high velocity multiple electron transitions

In collisions of high velocity projectiles of charge Z and velocity v, perturbations expansions in Z/v usually converge when Z/v
Cervical neoplasia and the HIV-infected patient.

During the early years of the AIDS epidemic there appeared to be an excess of HIV-infected women diagnosed with cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer. Because of this observation, cervical cancer was designated an AIDSdefining illness in 1993. Studies since that time have confirmed that cervical neoplasia is more common in HIV-infected patients. The excess in cases appears to be attributable to a combination of factors, including subbnormal immune function and an increased prevalence of infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV). In the general patient population, infection of the anogenital tract with HPV is common and is the most important risk factor for developing cervical dysplasia and invasive cancer; however, only a small proportion of immunocompetent women who are infected with HPV go on to develop cervical neoplasia. An HIVinfected woman is more likely to be infected with HPV, to have persistent infection with HPV, and to develop cervical dysplasia in the presence of HPV infection when compared with an immunocompetent woman. HPV and cervical neoplasia: background Over the past decade, understanding of the role of HPV in cervical dysplasia and cancer has increased tremendously. Many epidemiologic studies have shown that infection with HPV is strongly associated with neoplasms of the anogenital tract including condylomas, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer. A single positive test for cervical HPV confers a 10- to 20-fold increased risk for the development of cervical dysplasia. Other identified risk factors for developing cervical dysplasia and cancer include a history of more than six sexual partners, cigarette smoking, early age at first coitus, history of a sexually transmitted disease other than HPV (such as chlamydia or herpes simplex virus), and
Automation of rare target detection via adaptive fusion

Fusing the outputs of multiple algorithms has been found to provide more consistent detection of rare targets in hyperspectral imagery. An analogous process that fuses different outputs from the same algorithm with different input parameter values also shows promise for eliminating the need for supervised parameter tuning. Together these strategies provide significant improvement in the consistency and automation of hyperspectral target detection. Results are presented for nine test cases involving both visible/near-infrared/shortwave-infrared and long-wavelength infrared hyperspectral imagery.
Rainfall and decomposition in the chihuahuan desert

We tested the hypotheses that rates of decomposition in a desert should be higher following single large rain events of 25 mm than evenly spaced 6 mm events and that supplemental rainfall should result in higher populations of soil biota. There were no significant differences in mass losses of creosotebush, Larrea tridentata, leaf litter on plots receiving water supplementation and no added water. On some sampling dates, there were higher mass losses in the 6 mm·week-1 treatment. Weekly rainfall produced higher coefficients of variation in mass losses than the other rainfall regimes. A single event pulse compared with weekly pulses of rainfall during the normal "dry" period resulted in no differences in mass losses. Microarthropods and nematodes exhibited numerical responses to supplemental rainfall but the litter microflora did not. These studies provide direct experimental evidence that the conventional wisdom linking decomposition to rainfall in deserts is wrong. The studies also suggest that the effects of litter fauna on surface litter decomposition are minimal; therefore, future studies should focus on activites of the microflora.
Concepts of human exposure assessment for airborne particulate matter

Abstract This paper discusses how human exposures to airborne particulate matter can be determined from personal monitoring and estimated by ambient monitoring and microenvironmental monitoring. The utility of each approach is discussed, and examples are given of applications to assessments of human exposures for purposes of relating these exposures either to measures of health or risk assessments of these exposures.
Insulin treatment prevents diabetes mellitus but not thyroiditis in RT6-depleted diabetes resistant BB/Wor rats.

Prophylactic insulin administration is known to prevent hyperglycaemia in diabetes prone BB rats and non-obese diabetic mice. This study investigated the effect of insulin treatment on the development of overt diabetes, clinically inapparent anti-islet autoreactivity, and thyroiditis in RT6-depleted diabetes resistant BB rats. Fewer than 1% of these animals develop spontaneous diabetes, but if depleted of RT6+ T cells >50% become hyperglycaemic. We treated 30-day-old diabetes resistant rats with anti-RT6.1 monoclonal antibody, exogenous insulin, or both. Up to 60 days of age, 16 of 20 rats given antibody alone became diabetic, compared with 1 of 20 also treated with antibody plus insulin. Up to 110 days of age, only 1 of 10 rats treated with both insulin and antibody between 30 and 60 days became diabetic. Histologic study of non-diabetic insulin plus anti-RT6 antibody treated rats revealed insulitis in 3 of 9 at 60 days old, and insulitis in 3 of 8 and thyroiditis in 6 of 7 at 110 days of age. Non-diabetic animals were also found to harbour autoreactive spleen cells that adoptively transferred diabetes. Splenocytes from 60 or 110-day-old non-diabetic donors that had been treated with insulin and antibody between 30 and 60 days of age induced diabetes in 7 of 13 and 6 of 8 adoptive recipients respectively. We conclude that insulin treatment prevents clinical diabetes in the RT6-depleted diabetes resistant BB rat, but this treatment does not prevent the development of autoreactive cell populations that cause thyroiditis and adoptively transfer diabetes.
Gingival mass lesions in a patient with HIV infection.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 31-year-old HIV-seropositive male came to the H I V CARE Program at the University of the Pacific School of Dentistry in January 1993 with masses in five separate locations in the oral cavity. The masses had progressively enlarged and become increasingly painful over the preceding 2 weeks. The patient 's HIV infection was diagnosed in 1986, but he was asymptomatic and elected not to seek medical or dental care until the current problem developed. There was no other noteworthy medical or dental history. On examination of the oral cavity, five mass lesions involving the gingiva were noted (Fig. 1 ). The lesions ranged from 2 to 5 cm in diameter, were firm and erythematous and mildly tender to palpation. Portions of the lesions immediately adjacent to the teeth appeared necrotic and infected. Several of the involved teeth were about to exfoliate spontaneously. There was no palpable lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly, and the remainder of the physical examination was essentially normal. Laboratory evaluation was remarkable for a normal complete blood cell count, serum chemistry panel, and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 200 cel ls /mm 3. Metronidazole, 250 mg orally, 4 times daily was prescribed with a subsequent reduction in pain and erythema but no change in size of the masses. An incisiona! biopsy of the lesion at the anterior mandibular facial aspect was made.
Physical Avatars in a Projector-Camera Tangible User Interface Enhance Quantitative Simulation Analysis and Engagement

We present an augmented reality environment for the visualization of architectural daylighting simulations. The new visualizations focus the users' attention on the problematic aspects of a building design. Architectural design is a task particularly well suited for Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs). The user physically constructs a scale model of the building, a lighting simulation is then performed on this space, and then the simulation results are projected into the physical model by a set of calibrated projectors. A user study of an earlier version of the system revealed that users lacked accurate quantitative information about the propagation of natural light within architectural spaces and had difficulties identifying and reasoning about areas of over-illumination, under-illumination, and glare. This was our motivation for two important additions to the system: physical avatar tokens within the physical scale model to specify areas of interest for glare and false color visualizations. We render viewpoints from the perspective of each avatar and indicate glare for each viewpoint. To provide users with an additional way to minimize glare and provide visual interest, we introduce new complex and interesting shading materials. These features illustrated in our tool create a more immersive and educational experience for novice and experienced designers.
A continuation algorithm for a class of linear complementarity problems using an extrapolation technique

Abstract A polynomial-time continuation algorithm is presented for a class of linear complementarity problems with positive semidefinite matrices. The linear extrapolation technique is combined with the Newton iteration in the predictor-corrector procedure of the algorithm to numerically follow the solution curve of the homotopy equations arising from the perturbed Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition. The convergence rate of the method is proved to be 1 − 4 (7√ n ) after each cycle consisting of one extrapolation between two Newton steps.
Konjugierte π‐Systeme mit schweren Hauptgruppenelementen – ein neutrales stabiles Silaaren und das erste Tetrasilabutadien

Ausreichende sterische Abschirmung und das richtige experimentelle Vorgehen waren die Schlussel zur Synthese des 2-Silanaphthalins 1 und des Tetrasilabutadiens 2 durch die Arbeitsgruppen von Tokitoh/Okazaki bzw. Weidenbruch. Beide Substanzen sind wichtige Modellverbindungen, die das Studium von Konjugationseffekten in Hetero-π-Systemen ermoglichen.