cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental language disorder.

Increased brain volume in autism appears to be driven mainly by an unexplained white matter enlargement, and we have reported a similar phenomenon in developmental language disorder (DLD). Localization of this enlargement would strongly guide research into its cause, tissue basis, and functional implications. We utilized a white matter parcellation technique that divides cerebral white matter into an outer zone containing the radiate compartment and an inner zone containing sagittal and bridging system compartments. In both high-functioning autism and DLD, enlargement localized to the radiate white matter (all lobes in autism, all but parietal in DLD), whereas inner zone white matter compartments showed no volume differences from controls. Furthermore, in both autism and DLD, later or longer-myelinating regions showed greater volume increases over controls. Neither group showed cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, or internal capsule volume differences from control. Radiate white matter myelinates later than deep white matter; this pattern of enlargement thus is consistent with striking postnatal head circumference percentile increases reported in autism. These findings suggest an ongoing postnatal process in both autism and DLD that is probably intrinsic to white matter, that primarily affects intrahemispheric and corticocortical connections, and that places these two disorders on the same spectrum. Ann Neurol 2004;55:530 –540
New frontier in liver cancer treatment: Oncolytic viral therapy

Oncolytic viruses and active immunotherapeutics have complementary mechanisms of action (MOA) that are both self amplifying in tumors, yet the impact of dose on subject outcome is unclear. JX-594 (Pexa-Vec) is an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic vaccinia virus. To determine the optimal JX-594 dose in subjects with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we conducted a randomized phase 2 dose-finding trial (n 5 30). Radiologists infused low-or high-dose JX-594 into liver tumors (days 1, 15 and 29); infusions resulted in acute detectable intravascular JX-594 genomes. Objective intrahepatic Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) (15%) and Choi (62%) response rates and intrahepatic disease control (50%) were equivalent in injected and distant noninjected tumors at both doses. JX-594 replication and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression preceded the induction of anticancer immunity. In contrast to tumor response rate and immune endpoints, subject survival duration was significantly related to dose (median survival of 14.1 months compared to 6.7 months on the high and low dose, respectively; hazard ratio 0.39; P = 0.020). JX-594 demonstrated oncolytic and immunotherapy MOA, tumor responses and dose-related survival in individuals with HCC.
Beyond CA125: the coming of age of ovarian cancer biomarkers. Are we there yet?

Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the USA, despite its relatively low incidence of 50 per 100,000 women. Even though advances in therapy have been made, the ovarian cancer fatality-to-case ratio remains exceedingly high, owing to the lack of accurate tools to diagnose early-stage disease when cure is still possible. The most studied marker for ovarian cancer, CA125, is only expressed by 50–60% of patients with early-stage disease. Major efforts have been deployed to identify novel serum markers, yet no single marker has emerged as a serious competitor for CA125. Various groups are investing in combination approaches to increase the diagnostic value of existing markers, but many markers may still lie in underexplored areas of ovarian cancer biology, such as tumor vasculature environment and post-translational modifications (glycomics).
Man-Computer Interaction in Computer-Aided System Analysis and Design: Application of PSL/PSA

Analysts and designers of information systems are in the business of recommending new or improved applications of computers to their employers and/or clients. However, they rarely use computers as a tool of their trade. Before long students of this subject will face the challenge of computer-aided tools in their profession. This paper presents an experience in teaching system analysis and design with the aid of computers using the Problem Statement Language and the Problem Statement Analyzer (PSL/PSA) developed by the ISDOS Project.
Regulation of DNA Synthesis in Isolated Morris Hepatoma Nuclei

The preparation of nuclei from rat liver and from Morris hepatoma is discussed. Isolated nuclei incorporate labeled [3H]TTP in an in vitro incubation system and can be used to compare DNA synthesis in normal and malignant tissues. The isolated nuclei, especially nuclei denuded of their membranes by Triton X-100 treatment, can be considered as a DNA replicating complex. It is suggested that a further separation of the nuclear components and reconstitution of such isolated components may lead to the identification of the minimal replicating complex. Such nuclear fractionations are described and it is suggested that investigations of this kind may lead to the identification of alterations that are responsible for the loss of control of growth in hepatoma tissue. It is indicated that an increase in DNA polymerase activity cannot be solely responsible for increased DNA synthesis in hepatomas. Some biochemical characteristics of host liver and hepatoma nuclei are described as are results with some antitumor agents added to the nuclear incorporating system. The possibility to use the system for the screening of potential chemotherapeutic agents and to study their mode of action is discussed.
Grains and Health: Misinformation and Misconceptions

Recently, grain consumption, especially wheat, has been blamed for obesity, diabetes mellitus, other chronic diseases, food addiction, and impaired brain function. Popular press authors and food bloggers claim that eliminating grains is essential for optimal health. A review of nutrition and medical literature reveals that there is little evidence to support claims that wheat causes these conditions. Where scant data do exist, correlations are simply associations and do not prove causality. It is important for food and nutrition professionals to use scientific evidence regarding grains and health to dispel misinformation and misconceptions.
Applying L2 Vocabulary Research Findings to Classroom Teaching

Since the late ′60s, the field of second language acquisition (SLA) has grown enormously. Throughout its development, SLA researchers have investigated a wide range of issues including the processes involved in second language learning, as well as the psycholinguistic, affective and social factors that influence its success or failure (Spada, 2014). In light of SLA’s relevance and applicability to language teaching, recently a growing number of researchers have taken an interest in second language (L2) learning in classroom settings (Spada, 2014). The term Instructed SLA (ISLA) is currently used to indicate “theory and research that pertain directly to the L2 classroom” (Loewen, 2014, p. 1). One of the main goals of ISLA is to examine which particular types of instruction are more pedagogically effective for a particular learning target. In this short commentary, this question will be investigated in the domain of vocabulary learning. Accordingly, research on instructed vocabulary learning will be briefly reviewed to reveal several insights pertaining to L2 vocabulary pedagogy.
Disability Studies Ethics: Theoretical Approaches for the Undergraduate Classroom

By challenging disability prejudice and advocating for people with disabilities in crucial bioethical debates, disability rights activists and scholars have been reformulating ethical discourse. This essay suggests pedagogical strategies for introducing undergraduates to an ethics of disability studies, and integrating disability perspectives into broader questions of social justice.
The importance of non-nuclear AR signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.

The androgen receptor (AR) remains the major oncogenic driver of prostate cancer, as evidenced by the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in naive patients, and the continued effectiveness of second generation ADTs in castration resistant disease. However, current ADTs are limited to interfering with AR ligand binding, either through suppression of androgen production or the use of competitive antagonists. Recent studies demonstrate 1) the expression of constitutively active AR splice variants that no longer depend on androgen, and 2) the ability of AR to signal in the cytoplasm independently of its transcriptional activity (non-genomic); thus highlighting the need to consider other ways to target AR. Herein, we review canonical AR signaling, but focus on AR non-genomic signaling, some of its downstream targets and how these effectors contribute to prostate cancer cell behavior. The goals of this review are to 1) re-highlight the continued importance of AR in prostate cancer as the primary driver, 2) discuss the limitations in continuing to use ligand binding as the sole targeting mechanism, 3) discuss the implications of AR non-genomic signaling in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, and 4) address the need to consider non-genomic AR signaling mechanisms and pathways as a viable targeting strategy in combination with current therapies.
Authentic Human Experience: The Implications of Technology on Creative Capabilities

Within the construct of modern life the human condition is deeply mediated by technology and information, wherein the potentiality of an authentic human experience is hindered yet facilitated. Authenticity may be sought through various means, one of which is through creativity, associated with the breaking away of deterministic and intrusive external forces. The extent to which technology forms creative capabilities is evident by the democratization of production and consumption. Here several works are useful in illuminating the limitations and potentialities of such production and consumption capabilities to bring about an authentic human experience, beginning with Jean Baudrillard’s The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures and Simulacra and Simulation as well as Georges Bataille’s The Accursed Share Volumes II & III. Bataille’s idea regarding transgression of the world of utility provides an opening from which to experience authenticity while Baudrillard’s negates the possibility thereof due to the disappearance of the real in a world absorbed by simulacra. The stance undertaken by Bataille is advantageous in that it that it is able to account for the maneuverability in human experience thereby evading the absolutism Baudrillard’s work steers into. To further unfold the idea of such maneuverability the work of lawyer and activist, Larry Lessig is utilized. Notably, Lessig’s talk on “how laws chokes creativity” promotes the democratization of creative and cultural production by way of the reduction of legal restraints regulating copyright content. In effect, Lessig proposes a reconfiguration of production capabilities in which the emerging configuration is conducive to creativity, but is also susceptible to the service of utility. Thus, the spectrum of maneuverability and its consequences has a gradient quality thereby there is merit in the constant struggle among theories.
Design of Consumer Product Webpages: Experimental Investigations of Aesthetic and Performance Factors

Consumer products are increasingly being purchased online, yet the surge in e-commerce for the sale of retail products was not paired with widespread design savvy or consideration for usability. In this paper, two experimental investigations of aesthetic and performance factors affecting the design of consumer product webpages yield results that designers can use to help create webpages that are useful, usable, and desirable in the competitive e-commerce environment. This research shows how aesthetic and overall preference, ease of use, and interaction speed vary as a function of webpage link color and style, quantity of webpage information, loading speed, and display complexity. Aesthetic preference increases as column width, display complexity, and loading speed increase, and varies with link style. Ease of use and interaction time also vary with link style.
Biosynthesis of Cysteine

The synthesis of L-cysteine from inorganic sulfur is the predominant mechanism by which reduced sulfur is incorporated into organic compounds. L-cysteineis used for protein and glutathione synthesis and serves as the primary source of reduced sulfur in L-methionine, lipoic acid, thiamin, coenzyme A (CoA), molybdopterin, and other organic molecules. Sulfate and thiosulfate uptake in E. coli and serovar Typhimurium are achieved through a single periplasmic transport system that utilizes two different but similar periplasmic binding proteins. Kinetic studies indicate that selenate and selenite share a single transporter with sulfate, but molybdate also has a separate transport system. During aerobic growth, the reduction of sulfite to sulfide is catalyzed by NADPH-sulfite reductase (SiR), and serovar Typhimurium mutants lacking this enzyme accumulate sulfite from sulfate, implying that sulfite is a normal intermediate in assimilatory sulfate reduction. L-Cysteine biosynthesis in serovar Typhimurium and E. coli ceases almost entirely when cells are grown on L-cysteine or L-cystine, owing to a combination of end product inhibition of serine transacetylase by L-cysteine and a gene regulatory system known as the cysteine regulon, wherein genes for sulfate assimilation and alkanesulfonate utilization are expressed only when sulfur is limiting. In vitro studies with the cysJIH, cysK, and cysP promoters have confirmed that they are inefficient at forming transcription initiation complexes without CysB and N-acetyl-L-serine. Activation of the tauA and ssuE promoters requires Cbl. It has been proposed that the three serovar Typhimurium anaerobic reductases for sulfite, thiosulfate, and tetrathionate may function primarily in anaerobic respiration.
Facebook and FarmVille: A Digital Ritual Analysis of Social Gaming

This article seeks to build a digital ritual framework for the analysis of social gaming and social networking. The architectural design that intertwines Facebook and FarmVille is heightened by the formal and informal participation in ritual practices, which we theorize as digital rituals. Facebook and FarmVille provide a substantive case study that delves into the topical blurring of lines around the game space or magic circle. Through digital ethnographic methodologies the article identifies a number of digital ritual engagements that fit well with Grant McCracken’s (1986) four different kinds of consumer rituals: exchange rituals, possession rituals, grooming rituals, and divestment rituals. Social gaming is contextualized as the extension of digital third places complicating distinctions between social network and social networking sites. Beyond simply phatic communication or decompression, FarmVille and Facebook through digital ritual participation are increasingly the manifestation of our networked ...
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST STINK BUG AND THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER ON SOYBEAN, 2000

sample TCAH nymphs. The test received 0.04, 0.06, 0.49, and 0.24 inch of rainfall on 23, 24, 30, and 31 Jul, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and treatment means separated by DMRT. Pretreatment densities of stink bugs (SB) exceeded Louisiana’s action threshold ³ 9 SB/25 sweeps. At 3 DAT, all insecticide treatments significantly reduced SGSB (adult and nymph) and total SB densities compared with the untreated check. At 5 DAT, all treatments significantly reduced SGSB (adult and nymph), BSB nymph, and total SB densities compared with the untreated check. Only plots treated with Orthene 90SP and Orthene 97 had significantly lower adult BSB densities than the untreated plots 5 DAT. All insecticide treatments, except Declare, significantly reduced SGSB nymph densities, whereas all insecticide treatments significantly reduced BSB nymph and total SB densities relative to the untreated check 10 DAT. Pretreatment TCAH densities approached Louisiana’s action threshold of ³25 TCAH per 25 sweeps. At 3 and 5 DAT, all insecticide treatments significantly reduced TCAH adult densities compared with the untreated check. All insecticide treated plots, except plots treated with Fury or Orthene 97, had significantly fewer TCAH adults than the Declare treated plots 3 DAT. Declare provided significantly less . of TCAH adults than the other insecticide treatments 5 DAT. At 10 DAT, all insecticide treatments, except Declare, significantly reduced TCAH adult densities compared with the untreated check. Although all treatments significantly reduced TCAH nymphs compared with the untreated check 5 DAT, the Declare treated plots had significantly more TCAH nymphs than plots treated with other insecticides. At 10 DAT, all the insecticide treated plots, except those treated with Declare and Karate Z had significantly lower TCAH nymph densities than the untreated plots.
Neonatal gastrointestinal motility and enteral feeding.

T he development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the perinatal period includes multiple maturational events that enable successful enteral feeding. These events include: growth of the intestinal mucosa; appearance and increases in the activities of gut enzymes essential to digestion; increased absorptive surface and transport processes; the synthesis, release, and regulation of GI hormones; “closure” to the passage of macromolecules; and motility to accomplish digestion and propulsion of the contents of the GI tract. This report is concerned with the development of GI motility and the consideration of maturational features of motility as they relate to enteral feeding. Enteral feeding per se plays a role in certain maturational events. Table 1 indicates values for certain physiologic functions of the GI tract that are involved in enteral feedings in newborn infants, beginning with the nutritive sucking rate and concluding with total transit time.’ For several of these functions, differences have been observed between pre-term and term infants, and for some, postnatal maturation occurs. In addition, ingestion of nutrients of various type affects sucking, gastric emptying, and duodenal motility.
Calibration of a Polarized Triton Beam

The new ASL polarized triton sourcel) produces a beam whose polarization may be determined by the quench-ratio method2). Briefly, this method involves altering conditions in the nuclear spin-filter in such a way that the unpolarized component of the current can be measured. The beam polarization is then l–1/Q where Q is the ratio of the normal to the quenched beam current. This measurement is made periodically on the accelerated beam during experimental runs. We usually observe a variation in the beam polarization less than 0.005 for extended periods.
Uses and Gratifications: A Theoretical Perspective

(1984). Uses and Gratifications: A Theoretical Perspective. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 20-55.
Tubal anastomosis: pregnancy success following reversal of Falope ring or monopolar cautery sterilization.

The present study reviews pregnancy outcome following tubal anastomosis in 80 previously sterilized women. Thirty of 58 women (52%) sterilized by monopolar cautery techniques delivered a living child as compared to 19 of 22 women (86%) sterilized using the Falope ring method. Cumulative pregnancy curves were calculated for the Falope ring and cautery groups using life-table methods. Following reversal of Falope ring sterilization, the estimated cumulative probability of pregnancy 6, 12, 24, and 36months after surgery was 28.4%, 48.8%, 69.3%, and 87.2% respectively. The corresponding estimates following reversal of cautery sterilization were lower at 6, 12, 24, and 36months following surgery: 22.7%, 37.8%, 52.4%, and 57.9%, respectively. The ectopic tubal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rate were higher among women sterilized with monopolar cautery. A decreased pregnancy rate was associated with ampullary-isthmic anatomosis in the cautery group; however, pregnancy was least likely to occur in women with shortened oviducts of less than 4cm.
Kingship and Thrones for All Christians: Paul’s Inaugurated Eschatology in 1 Corinthians 4–6:

The central argument presented here is that 1 Corinthians 4–6 reflects a single eschatological vision of the identity of the Corinthians. This single vision works itself out in two separate references as Paul addresses them as both ‘kings’ and ‘judges’. This conclusion is based on a fresh reading of Paul’s identification of the Corinthians as ‘kings’ in 1 Cor. 4 and ‘judges’ in 1 Cor. 6. This study proposes that these labels actually reflect a single reality based on Paul’s inaugurated eschatology.
The power of design: How does design affect consumers’ online hotel booking?

Abstract Emphasizing experiential appeals to consumers through design is most notable in the emerging lifestyle hotel segment of the lodging industry. This study identifies which lodging design mechanisms evoke consumer responses and provides a novel understanding of the relationships among consumer perception of hotel product/service design and booking intention by incorporating consumer emotional arousal and quality expectations in a theoretical model. The findings of this study suggest that aesthetics and symbolism in hotel design shape booking intention through emotional arousal and quality expectation. The functional dimension of design affects booking intention only through quality expectation. The findings will be particularly meaningful to the lodging industry because online booking requires both emotional and cognitive responses on the part of consumers.
Conceptual Logistics as a Form of Critical Pedagogy

Still carrying on today, traditional approaches to learning in higher education are centered on a procedural transfer of teachers’ knowledge to their students. In order to improve old and new educational practices, a critical examination of the dominant components of the knowledge transfer process is necessary. Using the model of education advocated by Paulo Freire and others, Critical Pedagogy, the authors critique textbooks, a cornerstone of college classrooms. Their design and common use in classrooms are discussed to examine the important role textbooks play in constraining student learning. Using the liberating learning environment as a template, 34 years and 12 editions of a dominant Communication Studies textbook, Human Communication: The Basic Course, are interrogated to identify how authors, publishers, and faculty are misusing textbooks and the negative impact this has on learning. To address these issues, the authors propose necessary changes through a framework of liberating pedagogy employing Conceptual Logistics and powerful models of knowledge transfer.
Pharmacognosy, a Classical Theme Tuned to a Contemporary Melody

Objective. To describe the development of a pharmacognosy course that uses a combination of didactic teaching, team-based projects, and practicum laboratory practice.Methods. A course titled “Pharmacognosy” was developed by applying a three-tier teaching methodology: in the classroom, the basic concepts and principles were introduced in a didactic manner; outside the classroom, students worked in teams and each team created an independent literature-based research project that was submitted as a poster presentation; in the pharmacy practicum laboratory, students worked individually and conducted a quality control experiment comprised of a quantitative analysis of an herbal product.Results. During the seven-year course implementation, 1091 first-year PharmD students participated in the course. Their performance was consistently satisfactory. On average, 30% of students in each class received a grade of “A” and teams received a “B” and above on their projects.Conclusion. The pharmacognosy course, equipped w...
Preparation of Peptides and Proteins for Sequence Analysis at the Low Nanomole to Subnanomole Level by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Results for Cytochromes P450 and Fibronectin

A number of key developments have led to the routine microsequence analysis (low nanomole to subnanomole range) of peptides and proteins in a number of laboratories. In spinning cup microsequence analysis, the developments were improved instrument design and performance (1–4), better methods for solvent and reagent purification (2, 5), automated conversion of amino acid anilinothiozolinone to phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives (6), high sensitivity separation and quantitation of PTH derivatives by reverse-phase HPLC (2, 7–9), and retention of µg amounts of proteins and peptides in the spinning cup with polybrene (2, 10). The ability to perform routine microsequence analysis on µg amounts of peptides and proteins has led to structural studies on relative rare substances which possess important biological properties. In our laboratory we have used this methodology to obtain structural information on human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons (11–15) and on bovine adrenal opioid peptides (16–18). Over the past two years these studies have led us to consider another critical aspect of microsequence analysis, namely the compatibility of sample preparation with microsequence analysis.
Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness

Background Many studies have found significant associations between high ambient temperatures and increases in heat-related morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that increases in heat-related hospitalizations are elevated among individuals with diagnosed mental illnesses and/or behavioral disorders (MBD). However, there are a limited number of studies regarding risk factors associated with specific mental illnesses that contribute, at least in part, to heat-related illnesses (HRI) in the United States. Objective To identify and characterize individual and environmental risk factors associated with MBD hospitalizations with a concurrent HRI diagnosis. Methods This study uses hospitalization data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2001–2010). Descriptive analyses of primary and secondary diagnoses of MBDs with an HRI were examined. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated from multivariable models to identify risk factors for hospitalizations among patients with mental illnesses and/or behavioral disorders and HRI. Results Nondependent alcohol/drug abuse, dementia, and schizophrenia were among the disorders that were associated with increased frequency of HRI hospitalizations among MBD patients. Increased risk of MBD hospitalizations with HRI was observed for Males (RR, 3.06), African Americans (RR, 1.16), Native Americans (RR, 1.70), uninsured (RR, 1.92), and those 40 years and older, compared to MBD hospitalizations alone. Conclusions Previous studies outside the U.S. have found that dementia and schizophrenia are significant risk factors for HRI hospitalizations. Our results suggest that hospitalizations among substance abusers may also be an important risk factor associated with heat morbidity. Improved understanding of these relative risks could help inform future public health strategies.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT | Adipose Tissue

The composition and growth of adipose tissue signi?cantly in?uence the perception of meat quality. The majority of lipids (up to 35% total lipid) is con?ned to intramuscular ((i.m.) marbling) adipocytes. Other fat depots associated with meat are intermuscular (seam) and subcutaneous fat. Intramuscular adipocytes are smaller and generally less metabolically active than subcutaneous adipocytes. Within perimyseal connective tissue of muscle, i.m. preadipocytes proliferate, followed by induction of genes responsible for lipid ?lling. This results in an increase in both the size and number of i.m. adipocytes. On differentiation, adipocytes begin to fill with lipid. Oleic acid typically is the most abundant fatty acid in the adipose tissue of meat-bearing animals. Because polyunsaturated fatty acids are extensively hydrogenated in the rumen, their levels are very low in adipose tissues of cattle, sheep, and goats. Porcine adipose tissues can be highly enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, as dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids are absorbed largely intact. In ruminants, de novo fatty acid synthesis, elongation, and desaturation account for most of the fatty acids in i.m. adipocytes. Conjugated linoleic acid is produced from the isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids by rumen microorganisms, but the concentration of CIA isomers in adipose tissue is less than 2% of total fatty acids. Intramuscular adipose tissue contains approximately 115 mg cholesterol per 100 g adipose tissue, so meat that contains large amounts of total fat does not differ greatly in cholesterol concentration from meat with very little lipid. In summary, the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue is developmentally regulated and has a profound effect on the quality attributes of meat.
The Rapid Escalation of Fentanyl in Illicit Drug Evidence in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2010-2016.

Opioid overdose deaths in the United States quadrupled from 1999 (n = 8050 deaths) to 2015 (n = 33 091 deaths), and the number of deaths associated with synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, increas...
LIGA-Based Micromechanical Systems and Ceramic Nanocomposite Surface Coatings

With the X-ray lithography-based microfabrication technique LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung, and Abformung), mechanical components incorporating features ∼100 µm in size have been designed and built. Examples include seals with embedded micro-heat-exchangers. Preliminary heat transfer testing showed that micro-heat-exchangers embedded close to the load-bearing surface are effective in controlling the surface temperature during service while wear testing showed that the wear characteristics of electroformed Ni surfaces need to be improved.
Transport accessibility for wheelchair users: A qualitative analysis of inclusion and health

Abstract Using the case of wheelchair users who choose to use public transport in London, this paper highlights the experiences of a marginalized group within infrastructure to investigate how transport impacts their lives and well-being. This article first describes the barriers faced by wheelchair users in the transit network (from physical to social) and the largely negative emotions that these barriers bring out on these passengers. It then highlights how these users have developed problem-solving techniques to cope with the barriers they face. The article then discusses the impact that these barriers have on the lives of wheelchair users, not only regarding issues of access but also the ways in which it affects social inclusion. Lastly, this article considers how wheelchair users’ responses to barriers may be of consequence to the transport system itself, both as providing some interesting insight for transport engineers but also as potential harm to the network if improvements to access are not enacted.
BiNMAC: Binarized neural Network Manycore ACcelerator

This paper presents a low power, domain-specific manycore accelerator referred to as "BiNMAC"- Binarized neural Network Manycore ACcelerator, which effectively maps and executes Binary Deep Neural Networks (BNNs). With only 2.40% and 1.88% area and power overhead, novel instructions such as Population-Count and Patch-Select are added to the ISA of the BiNMAC, each of which replaces frequently used functions that would have taken 52 and 4 clock cycles respectively with 1 clock cycle. A 64-cluster architecture of the BiNMAC is fully placed and routed in 65~nm TSMC CMOS technology, where a single cluster occupies an area of 0.53 mm^2 with a power of 223 mW at 1 GHz clock frequency. The 64-cluster architecture takes 36.5 mm^2 area and, if fully utilized, consumes a power of 16.4 W. We also propose a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network for multimodal time-series data classification. Binarized versions of the 3-layers MLP and ResNet-20 are implemented on BiNMAC. The implementation results show that BiNMAC consumes 0.02 mJ and 3.8 mJ energy which is 13 times and 30 times lower than the implementation of standard non-binarized MLP and ResNet-20 on an equivalent predecessor platform. To compare the performance of the BiNMAC with other off-the-shelf platforms, the two networks are also implemented on the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 SoC (CPU+GPU). BiNMAC achieves 22 times and 78 times higher throughput and 23 times and 41 times lower energy consumption compared to TX2 SoC for the binarized MLP and ResNet-20, respectively.
Health Care: An Industry In Transition

The health care system in the United States enters the twenty-first century as a vast industry, indeed by some measures the largest in the country. The system comprises powerful financial interests, vast administrative bureaucracies both governmental and private, and large complexes that develop and manufacture the products used in health care. Latterly, these corporate and government interests have spawned yet another large industry, aimed at assessing whether the other participants in the health care financial bonanza are getting value for their investments. This most recent development began with various attempts at quality assurance and has subsequently adapted to become the field known generically as managed care.
Recalling open old growth forests in the Southeastern Mixed Forest province of the United States

Historical forests in the Southeastern Mixed Forest province of the United States have been less researched than other regions using historical tree surveys. We used 81,000 tree records from survey...
One Librarian’s Participation in the 19th International Conference on Grey Literature (GL19)

ABSTRACTLibrarians, researchers and practitioners should always consult grey literature as a resource for systematic reviews because it yields information that is not found in proprietary databases...
Trophic interactions among dead-wood-dependent forest arthropods in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Abstract Food webs based on dead organic matter have received relatively little research attention. Here we focus dead-wood-dependent (saproxylic) arthropod communities—an overlooked component of forest biodiversity that contributes to decomposition of fallen trees and nutrient cycling. First, we summarized information on factors that impact saproxylic arthropod biodiversity via a descriptive mini-review of the literature, given that the structure of food webs should be contingent upon local community composition, species richness, and/or species abundances within and among neighboring rotting logs. Next, we coupled intensive fieldwork with molecular approaches to taxonomic identification of saproxylic arthropods sampled from rotting logs in the southern Appalachian Mountains, and synthesized information on their feeding ecology, in order to infer trophic interactions. Our mini-review highlighted major influences of local-scale (site-specific) factors affecting biodiversity, and by extension, food web structure; a pronounced publication bias toward saproxylic beetles from evergreen forests in Europe was also evident. Our empirical data on community composition of rotting logs at intermediate to late stages of decay revealed a complex food web structure. This was comprised of internal and external primary nutrient sources (dead wood within logs vs. nearby living trees and fallen leaves), a diverse suite of primary consumers (wood-feeding detritivores, leaf litter-feeding detritivores, as well as herbivores and fungivores), several secondary consumer functional groups (omnivorous scavengers and ectoparasites or parasitoids), and top-level carnivorous predators that were mostly made up of spiders, opiliones, and centipedes. We close by discussing persistent challenges and limitations, and suggest future research directions.
Dynamics and structure of colloidal aggregates under microchannel flow

The kinetics of colloidal gels under narrow confinement are of widespread practical relevance, with applications ranging from flow in biological systems to 3D printing. Although the properties of such gels under uniform shear have received considerable attention, the effects of strongly nonuniform shear are far less understood. Motivated by the possibilities offered by recent advances in nano- and microfluidics, we explore the generic phase behavior and dynamics of attractive colloids subject to microchannel flow, using mesoscale particle-based hydrodynamic simulations. Whereas moderate shear strengths result in shear-assisted crystallization, high shear strengths overwhelm the attractions and lead to melting of the clusters. Within the transition region between these two regimes, we discover remarkable dynamics of the colloidal aggregates. Shear-induced surface melting of the aggregates, in conjunction with the Plateau-Rayleigh instability and size-dependent cluster velocities, leads to a cyclic process in which elongated threads of colloidal aggregates break up and reform, resulting in large crystallites. These insights offer new possibilities for the control of colloidal dynamics and aggregation under confinement.
‘Therefore They Shouldn’t Exist’: The Carter Administration, the ‘Israel Lobby’ and the Sinai Settlements

AbstractThe Israeli settlements in Sinai could have been a fatal obstacle to Egyptian–Israeli peace, but the Jimmy Carter administration overcame it. The established narrative of how Israel ceded t...
Rapid Detection of Clostridium difficile Toxins in Stool by Raman Spectroscopy.

Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines define Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) as diarrhea (≥3 unformed stools in 24 h) with either a positive C difficile stool test or detection of pseudomembranous colitis. Diagnostic modalities such as toxigenic culture and nucleic acid amplification testing can identify the presence of toxigenic C difficile in stools. But these tests are confounded by the presence of asymptomatic colonization of toxigenic C difficile and lead to overdiagnosis of CDI. The presence of two large toxins, toxin A and B (TcdA and TcdB) is necessary for pathogenicity. Detection of toxins using toxin enzyme immunoassay is difficult as it has low sensitivity and moderate specificity. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a novel technology that is used to detect bacteria and their toxins. RS does not require any reagents for detection such as antibodies, enzymes, primers, or stains. We hypothesize that RS is a sensitive method to detect C difficile toxins in stool and will solve the problem of overdiagnosis of CDI. Materials and methods CDI negative stool samples were spiked with concentrations (1 ng/mL, 100 pg/mL, 1 pg/mL, and 0.1 pg/mL) of TcdA and TcdB. RS was performed on air-dried smeared samples of stool supernatant on a mirror-polished stainless-steel slide. As RS of feces is difficult because of confounding background material and autofluorescence, samples were photo-bleached before spectral acquisition to reduce autofluorescence. Raman spectra were obtained, background corrected, and vector normalized. The data were split into training (70%) and test (30%) datasets. The machine learning methods used on the training data set were Support Vector Machine with Linear and Radial Kernels, Random Forest, Stochastic Gradient Boosting Machine, and Principle Component Analysis—Linear Discriminant Analysis. Results were validated using a test data set. The best model was chosen, and its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were determined. Results In our preliminary results, at all concentrations (1 ng/mL, 100 pg/mL, 1 pg/mL, and 0.1 pg/mL), TcdA or TcdB spiked stool was distinguished from unspiked stool by all models with accuracies ranging from 64% to 77%. Gradient Boosting Machine, Principle Component Analysis—Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Support Vector Machine Linear Kernel performed best with sensitivities ranging from 69% to 90% and specificities ranging from 43% to 78%. Conclusions Using RS, we successfully detected TcdA and TcdB in stool samples albeit with moderate-to-high sensitivity and low-to-moderate specificity. Sensitivity and specificity could be further increased with the implementation of deep learning methods, which require large sample sizes. In terms of sensitivity, RS performs better than toxin enzyme immunoassay and has the potential to rapidly detect C difficile toxins in stool at clinically relevant concentrations and thereby help mitigate overdiagnosis of CDI.
Study on the Extraction and Stability of Rose Pigment

Single factor experiments were adopted to optimize the extraction method of rose pigment.And the physiochemical properties of rose pigment were studied.The results indicated that the optimum extracting conditions were as followed,0.1 mol/L HCl-95% ethanol solution as extraction agent,extracted at 60 ℃ for 60 min,solid-liquid ratio 1∶25(m∶V,g/mL).The pigment had the absorption peak at 520 nm.The pigment was stable under the acid conditions with H2O2,Vitamin C and food additives,but unstable under Fe2+ and Fe3+ or high temperature.
Risky Politics? Associations Between Adolescent Risk Preference and Political Engagement.

This study examined associations among adolescent risk preference and political engagement using nationally representative Monitoring the Future data from high school seniors (N = 109,574; modal age = 18 years) spanning 1976?2014. Greater risk preference was associated with greater past voting, donating to a campaign, writing government officials, boycotting, and protesting. Greater risk preference was also associated with higher future intentions to boycott and protest, but lower intentions to donate to or volunteer for a campaign. In general, associations between risk preference and political engagement became stronger with higher levels of political interest. Results highlight the importance of considering the adaptive role of adolescent risk preference and suggest that political engagement may be a constructive outlet for youth who pursue or are comfortable taking risks.
Endocrine Considerations in Pregnant Women with Chronic Kidney Disease

Women with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have impaired fertility making conception difficult. In addition, in these women, pregnancy is high risk and associated with increased complications. This is further complicated by having an endocrinopathy such as thyroid disease or diabetes. As a result, a multidisciplinary team consisting of an endocrinologist, nephrologist, obstetrician, or maternal-fetal-medicine physician is warranted. Management requires consideration of hormonal levels and non-teratogenic medications.
Fundamental Solutions of Dynamic Poroelasticity and Generalized Termoelasticity

Fundamental solutions of dynamic poroelasticity and generalized thermoelasticity are derived in the Laplace transform domain. For poroelasticity, these solutions define the solid displacement field and the fluid pressure in fluid-saturated media due to a point force in the solid and an injection of fluid in the pores. In addition, approximate fundamental solutions for short times are derived by analytically inverting the Laplace transform expressions. Finally numerical results are presented to highlight the essential features of the problem as well as to investigate the accuracy of the time domain solutions.
Marital Satisfaction Is Associated With Health in Long-Distance Relationships:

Individuals with high marital satisfaction tend to have better health and engage in healthier behaviors than those with low marital satisfaction. Multiple studies have explored satisfaction–health ...
Review: Justice for Some: Law and the Question of Palestine, by Noura Erakat

Justice for Some: Law and the Question of Palestine is both a book about Palestine and a meditation on the risks and benefits of international law for national liberation movements in pursuit of de...
Chapter 13 – Organic Coatings

This chapter introduces organic coating constituents, coating composition, surface preparation, additives and fillers, and exposure testing. Resins used in the paint industry such as vinyl resin, acrylics, alkyd, modified alkyds, chlorinated rubber, urethane, polyester, and actual service life evaluation are explained. Pigment properties and their role in paint formulation to provide color and opacity, mechanical, and barrier properties and water transport are discussed. ASTM standards for pigment, surface preparation, paint and paint material chemical analysis, paint application tool, and accelerated testing for coatings are discussed and summarized in seven tables. Testing and coating evaluation is discussed in the second part of the chapter. A full physical and chemical aging mechanism discussion is included to show the relationship to coating detachment or cracking, underlying metal degradation, and coating disintegration. A recent organic coating literature review is provided.
Abstract 14395: Abnormal Regulation of P53-mTOR Pathway by MRNA-binding Protein ZFP36L2 in Peri-partum Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: A loss of function mutation in the mRNA binding protein ZFP36L2 has been associated with congenital heart diseases in humans, although the mechanism remains unclear. Objectives: We so...
Towards Imperceptible Universal Attacks on Texture Recognition.

Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be susceptible to image-agnostic adversarial attacks on natural image classification problems, the effects of such attacks on DNN-based texture recognition have yet to be explored. As part of our work, we find that limiting the perturbation's $l_p$ norm in the spatial domain may not be a suitable way to restrict the perceptibility of universal adversarial perturbations for texture images. Based on the fact that human perception is affected by local visual frequency characteristics, we propose a frequency-tuned universal attack method to compute universal perturbations in the frequency domain. Our experiments indicate that our proposed method can produce less perceptible perturbations yet with a similar or higher white-box fooling rates on various DNN texture classifiers and texture datasets as compared to existing universal attack techniques. We also demonstrate that our approach can improve the attack robustness against defended models as well as the cross-dataset transferability for texture recognition problems.
Equity in Secondary Career and Technical Education in the United States: A Theoretical Framework and Systematic Literature Review:

Career and technical education (CTE) has become increasingly popular in U.S. secondary schools, but equity has not always been a focus of federal legislation or state and local policies and program...
Papillary glioneuronal tumors: Distinctive cytological characteristics and cyto-histologic correlation.

Abstract Intraoperative cytological examination and cyto-histologic correlation of papillary glioneuronal tumors have rarely been described in detail in the literature. A 23-year-old female presented at our institution with seizure-like activity, and a 3.0 cm left temporal lobe hypoattenuating lesion. She was accurately diagnosed with papillary glioneuronal tumor on Intraoperative cytology. The patient subsequently proceeded to stealth-guided awake left temporal craniotomy, confirming the diagnosis. In this article, we present a detailed report of papillary glioneuronal tumor (extremely rare central nervous system neoplasm) describing the cytologic and histologic morphologic features, its differential diagnosis with review of the literature.
Phase II trial of bintrafusp alfa in patients with metastatic MSI-H cancers following progression on immunotherapy.

79Background: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors are characterized by deficient mismatch repair, high tumor mutation burden, and exceptional anti-tumor responses to immunotherapy. While...