cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous Transesophageal Monitoring for Thrombolytic Therapy of an Acute Prosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis

A 47-year-old woman with a history of mantle radiation for Hodgkin’s lymphoma underwent mitral and aortic valve replacement with St. Jude Medical bileaflet mechanical valves, tricuspid annuloplasty, and 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. Her postoperative course was complicated by severe gastrointestinal hypomotility, the development of complete heart block, and refractory volume overload with large bilateral pleural effusions. Because of the need for pacemaker implantation and insertion of bilateral drainage catheters for the pleural effusions, her international normalized ratio (INR) was not consistently maintained in the therapeutic range. On postoperative day 25, she had an asystolic cardiac arrest. She was successfully resuscitated, but required intravenous epinephrine and dopamine at doses of 0.139 and 10.44 g/kg/min, respectively, to maintain a blood pressure of 92/51 (mean 65). Emergency transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed, but image quality was limited secondary to acoustic shadowing from the mechanical valves and annuloplasty ring. There was a high diastolic Doppler velocity and gradient across the mitral valve. The patient was too unstable to transfer for fluoroscopic imaging and an emergency bedside transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed. TEE revealed thrombosis of the mitral valve with fixation of one leaflet and limited mobility of the other leaflet (Video 1). The thrombus extended from the left atrial appendage across both valve leaflets. It measured 12 14 mm (1.4 cm). Continuous wave velocity across the mechanical mitral valve revealed a mean diastolic transvalvular gradient of 40.76 mm Hg (still), with a peak velocity of 3.86 m/s. The patient was deemed to be an extremely high-risk surgical candidate, with an estimated perioperative mor-
Financial Literacy: Examining the Knowledge Transfer of Personal Finance from High School to College to Adulthood.

Many states are now requiring high school students to be competent in the areas of economic and financial literacy. This is due to the recent escalation of bankruptcies, large credit card debt, and mortgage foreclosures in our society. This study examines how financial knowledge is transferred from the high school level to the college level and finally to the adult level. The authors reviewed the components of Blooms taxonomy at each level of learning. The Jump$tart Survey, which is given to high school students, was evaluated. College curricula regarding personal finance courses were examined to determine if personal finance was required for graduation, or an option for general education credit, and whether it was required in a major. The final financial knowledge transfer can happen at the adult level through community programs. Breakdowns in the transfer of financial learning were noted through the progression from high school to adulthood. (Keywords: personal finance, financial literacy, high school students, college students, adult learning)
After Fifty Years, Why Are Protein X-ray Crystallographers Still in Business?

ABSTRACTIt has long been held that the structure of a protein is determined solely by the interactions of the atoms in the sequence of amino acids of which it is composed, and thus the stable, biol...
Loudness tracking and the staircase method in the measurement of adaptation.

The results of several auditory adaptation experiments suggest that binaural interaction, resulting from comparison stimuli presented to the control ear, may affect the amount and rate of adaptation. An attempt was made to evaluate the effects of such interaction with a tracking procedure. The tracking method was found to have 3 shortcomings. Firstly, subjects could predict the direction of attenuation of the comparison signal. Secondly, they could produce an apparently acceptable tracing by responding in a rhythmic fashion or by counting the comparison signals. A third problem appeared to exist in that the tracings moved in the direction of negative adaptation at the start of the adapting period. The double staircase method described by Cornsweet [1962] was employed in an attempt to overcome the disadvantages of tracking. The staircase method was successful in preventing the subjects from predicting the loudness of succeeding comparison stimuli. It also discouraged counting and rhythmic responses but did...
Modified retrorectus ventral hernia repair.

Abstract Background Traditional retrorectus techniques for ventral hernia repair often produce abdominal wall pain related to transfascial suture placement. This report details results of a retrorectus mesh herniorrhaphy technique avoiding transfascial suture fixation. Methods A retrospective review of 90 patients who underwent retrorectus ventral hernia repair between 2009 and 2015 was performed. All were treated with primary posterior rectus fascial closure and retrorectus mesh placement. Standard weight polypropylene mesh was used with polypropylene tacking sutures to the posterior rectus sheath with medialization of the rectus muscles and primary closure of the anterior rectus sheath over the mesh repair. Results The overall complication rate was 19.6%. Hernia recurrence occurred in 2 patients (2.2%) with mean follow-up of 3.0 years. There were 4 cases of superficial infection (4.3%). Two patients (2.2%) developed hematomas and 2 patients developed seromas (2.2%). Late abdominal pain occurred in 6 (6.5%) patients, eventually resolving in all but 2. Conclusions Retrorectus ventral hernia repair avoiding transfascial suture placement produces a functional repair with minimal chronic pain and a low rate of complications.
Cautious Optimism in Law Students

This study examined whether first-year law students exhibit optimistic bias in their predictions about performance in law school. At four points during the school year, first-year law students predicted what their class rank would be after the first year of law school and following completion of law school. Within the group of full-time students, males exhibited greater optimism in their predictions than females, but females still showed evidence of a cautious optimism in their predictions. Within the group of part-time students, no gender differences were found, but part-time students as a group showed evidence of cautious optimism about class rank. Predictions of class rank showed a surprising degree of consistency over time, with anticipated and actual feedback about performance on exams having no significant effects on predictions. Possible implications and issues in need of further study are discussed.
Androgen ablation mitigates defect of B cells to a prostate cancer and increase the survival rate of TRAMP mice.

A12 It is been known that the tumor environment contributes to the suppression of the anti-tumor immune functions of tumor, thereby promoting the occurrence of cancer metastasis. The effect, prostate cancer, and the usage of the androgen ablation on B distribution is not well understood. We have used transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) and castrated TRAMP mice to characterize the B cells distribution in periphery blood and Spleen. We found a decrease of the B cell population in wild type TRAMP mice compared to normal wild type mice. Furthermore, the B cells increased when we castrated TRAMP mice compared to the wild type TRAMP mice. Interestingly, we found in the castrated TRAMP mice have an increase in immature B cells in the spleen, which might be due to the resistance of B cells from castrated of TRAMP mice to the apoptosis during the maturation of B cells. Our data suggest that Androgen ablation might play an important role in the regulation of B cell tolerance.
'Substantial' Burdens: How Courts May (and Why They Must) Judge Burdens on Religion under RFRA

The Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) excuses believers from any federal laws which “substantially burdens” their religious exercise, unless the government shows that the law furthers a compelling interest in the least restrictive manner. Who decides if a burden is “substantial”? RFRA claimants argue that they do.Whether a burden is “substantial” is typically disaggregated into two subquestions: Would the claimant suffer substantial religious penalties from complying with a law, and substantial secular penalties from violating it? Courts may decide the second question, but not the first, because the “religious-question” doctrine bars them from adjudicating theological issues. Courts may determine whether claimants are “sincere” in alleging substantial religious penalties, but not whether those penalties are truly “substantial.” Review of claimant sincerity and secular penalties, however, the leaves crucial judgment of substantiality almost entirely within the control of RFRA claimants.One need not question the sincerity of RFRA claimants to question this arrangement. It makes no legal sense to entrust the question of substantial burden to persons so self-interested in the answer, however sincere their belief. A bedrock principle of Anglo-American due process holds that no one may judge her own case. Exemption boundaries must be tended by courts, not exemption beneficiaries, lest the rule of law be swallowed by a sea of self-interested yet functionally unreviewable exemption claims.The Supreme Court’s disposition of the religious nonprofit challenges to the contraception mandate in Zubik v. Burwell left undecided whether courts may adjudicate the substantiality of burdens on religion in light of the religious-question doctrine. This Essay explains that courts may adjudicate this issue by relying on neutral principles of secular law, and that they must do so to implement RFRA’s purpose and uphold the rule of law.
Lysis of leukemic cells by human macrophages: inhibition by 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), a serine protease inhibitor

Proteases are known to be involved in regulation of macrophage activation and killing. We examined the effect of a serine protease inhibitor, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), on lysis of leukemic cells by human macrophages. Monocytes, isolated by Histopaque gradients and centrifugal elutriation, were cultured for 5 days in RPMI-1640 medium with 5% AB serum, and then activated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; 100 U/mL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 ng/mL), with or without AEBSF, for 2 days. On day 7, macrophages were washed, fresh medium without AEBSF added, and target cells added for 2 days. Lytic activity against two leukemic cell lines (K562 and HL-60) was assessed by an 111indium-releasing assay. Macrophages treated with IFN-gamma + LPS lysed K562 and HL-60 cells. AEBSF (50-150 microM) blocked the killing of these leukemic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Other protease inhibitors were not effective. AEBSF was nontoxic at the concentrations used, and did not inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) secretion from the macrophages. The lytic activity against leukemic cells was inhibited by anti-TNF-alpha antibody, but not by anti-IL-1 beta, nor by superoxide dismutase or catalase. However, the leukemic cells were resistant to being killed by recombinant TNF-alpha alone in the absence of macrophages, indicating that TNF-alpha was required for killing, but that other factors that were inhibited by AEBSF were also required. Serum-free culture supernatant of activated macrophages had significant cytotoxic activity against leukemic cells. This cytotoxic activity was not altered by addition of AEBSF to the culture supernatant, suggesting that AEBSF affected macrophage activation, rather than inhibiting cytotoxic proteases secreted by the macrophages, or affecting the target cells themselves. Thus, a protease, which is susceptible to AEBSF, might be involved in the activation of macrophages, and might regulate the secretion of antitumor effector molecules other than TNF-alpha.
Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Nicotine Addiction

The aim of this chapter is to summarize the research investigating the effects of environmental enrichment on the behavioral and neural effects of nicotine and integrate the limited nicotine data with the larger existing data of how environmental enrichment alters sensitivity to other abused psychostimulants. Environmental enrichment decreases the sensitivity to both acute and repeated nicotine-induced locomotor stimulatory effects. Also, environmental enrichment decreases the sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus properties of nicotine similar to those seen with amphetamine. Likewise, environmental enrichment appears to increase sensitivity to nicotine conditioned place preference, similar to what has been found previously with amphetamine. The ability of environmental enrichment to alter the neural effects of nicotine appears to be mediated through changes in dopamine transporter function in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Additionally, data indicate that enrichment may also alter the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in key mesolimbic structures involved in abuse.
Research of dynamic semantics model of SDL

SDL system specification and SDL process based on CEFSM were introduced. The most important property defined by an SDL specification is the behavior of the system,and a dynamic Semantics model describes the behavior using meta-processes. The partition of meta-processes in Annex F to ITU Z.100 was studied,a new definition of meta-processes was proposed and this partition was proved to describe the dynamic model more correctly.
Economic considerations in managing patients with chronic stable angina

OBJECTIVE To quantify the economic burden of chronic stable angina in the United States, characterize recent trends in the use of coronary revascularization, and compare the clinical outcomes and long-term costs of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and medical management in patients with stable angina. SUMMARY The direct and indirect costs of stable angina are measured in tens of billions of dollars in the United States, with hospitalization contributing a large amount to the costs. The use of coronary revascularization, particularly PCI and insertion of coronary stents, has increased dramatically in recent years. The long-term costs of PCI and CABG are similar and high. Revascularization is sometimes used without an adequate trial of medical management, despite higher costs and a lack of evidence of long-term clinical benefits from revascularization. CONCLUSION Chronic stable angina is a costly condition. Medical management should be used before considering costly revascularization, unless medical management is contraindicated.
Reusing business components and objects for modeling business systems: The influence of decomposition characteristics and analyst experience

Abstract Component-based development (CBD) relies on the use of pre-fabricated business components to develop new application systems, rather than developing them from scratch. It provides an attractive alternative to more established development methods such as object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). Given the growing demands for using agile methods for software development, we examine if systems analysts are more effective at modeling business systems by reusing business components than by reusing objects. We also examine whether the influence of component or object reuse on modeling performance is moderated by prior experience in systems analysis and design. We evaluate the representational constructs of the two based on a set of decomposition characteristics, and postulate hypotheses comparing the two based on theories in cognitive psychology and human factors. We find that models generated by reusing business components are of higher accuracy than those developed by reusing objects. An interesting finding of our study is that IT professionals who are less experienced in systems analysis and design perform on par with experienced professionals, when modeling business systems by reusing components. We argue that the decomposition characteristics of components—with respect to granularity, quality, and focus—enable less experienced analysts to perform on par with more experienced analysts.
A HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN APPROACH FOR DETECTING DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN UNREPLICATED RNA-SEQUENCING DATA

Next-generation sequencing technologies have emerged as a promising technology in a variety of fields, including genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics. These technologies play an important role in understanding cell organization and functionality. Unlike data from earlier technologies (e.g., microarrays), data from next-generation sequencing technologies are highly replicable with little technical variation. One application of next-generation sequencing technologies is RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). It is used for detecting differential gene expression between different biological conditions. While statistical methods for detecting differential expression in RNA-Seq data exist, one serious limitation to these methods is the absence of biological replication. At present, the high cost of next-generation sequencing technologies imposes a serious restriction on the number of biological replicates. We present a simple parametric hierarchical Bayesian model for detecting differential expression in data from unreplicated RNA-Seq experiments. The model extends naturally to multiple treatment groups and any number of biological replicates. We illustrate the application of this model through simulation studies and compare our approach to existing methods for detecting differential expression such as, Fisher's Exact Test.
Solute Rotation in Ionic Liquids: Size, Shape, and Electrostatic Effects

Herein are reported temperature-dependent measurements and molecular dynamics simulations designed to investigate the effects of molecular size, shape, and electrostatics on rotational dynamics in ionic liquids. Experiments were performed in the representative ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimadazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Im41][BF4]) and simulations in the generic ionic liquid model ILM2 as well as a more detailed representation of [Im41][BF4]. 2H longitudinal spin relaxation times (T1) were measured for deuterated versions of 1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1-cyano-4-methylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylpyridinium between 296 and 337 K. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements were made on the larger solutes 9,10-dimethylanthracene, 9-cyano-10-methylanthracence, and 9,10-dimethylacridnium between 240 and 292 K. Both experiment and simulation showed the nonpolar solutes rotate ∼2-fold faster than their dipolar and charged counterparts. The rotational correlation functions measured in fluorescence experiments are significantly n...
Pediatric sinonasal malignancies: A population-based analysis.

Abstract Introduction Pediatric Sinonasal Malignancies (PedsSNM) are rare and usually associated with a poor prognosis. We aim to investigate the epidemiology, tumor characteristics, and survival of PedsSNM using a population-based database to augment the scant literature on this topic. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for patients ≤18 years diagnosed with PedsSNM between the years of 1973 and 2013. Data on incidence, tumor characteristics, and survival were analyzed. Results In total, 210 patients with PedsSNM were identified. Demographically, 54.3% were female, 72.6% were white, and the mean age was 10.7 years. Overall incidence was 0.036 per 100,000 individuals between the years of 2000 and 2013. The nasal cavity was the most frequent primary site (37.1%) and rhabdomyosarcoma was the most frequent malignancy (50.5%). Five-, 10-, and 20-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 60.2%, 46.1%, and 20.6%, respectively. Grade IV tumors made up the largest group (37.3%), and such tumors exhibited the worst 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival (P Conclusions PedsSNM frequently presented as Grade IV tumors. The nasal cavity was the most common primary site and rhabdomyosarcoma was the most frequent histology. Patients receiving surgery alone had the highest survival; however, this may be a reflection of smaller, less aggressive tumors preferentially being treated with surgery alone.
Mathematics Prerequisites for Doctoral Level Studies in Finance

This study represents a first step in identifying the mathematics prerequisites for doctoral level studies in finance. We exploit the methodology of triangulation and complete the following three analyses. First, we completed an exhaustive search of the official web pages of all doctoral programs in finance in the United States, and manually noted all suggested mathematics and statistics coursework, if there were any. Second, we sent online surveys to professors and current PhD students in finance from the top-tier universities in the United States, and collected data for quantitative analysis. Third, we interviewed a number of professors and PhD candidates in finance from various universities for qualitative analysis. This study contributes to the literature regarding the role of mathematics in doctoral level programs and research in finance. One of the most intriguing findings of this study is that rigorous training in mathematics (such as learning how to prove) is very important at doctoral level studies in finance. Finally, based on this study, we provide specific recommendations to prospective doctoral students in finance on mathematics coursework, and to program recruiters on posting detailed descriptions of mathematics prerequisites on their web pages.
The Disappearing Phalanx: A Case Report of a Vascular Tumor of the Toe.

We report a unique case of an epithelioid hemangioma of the third middle phalanx in which the lesion replaced the phalanx, became symptomatic, and then required resection, bone grafting, and joint arthroplasty. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an epithelioid hemangioma in the toe that was treated using this approach.
Basic Mouse Methods for Clinician Researchers: Harnessing the Mouse for Biomedical Research

The mouse has long contributed to our understanding of mammalian physiology and disease. Owing to its short life cycle, fecundity, and amenability to genetic manipulation, the mouse is a powerful tool for modeling human disease. This chapter discusses the basic methodology used in the creation of mouse models and illustrates their strengths and limitations. Ongoing challenges include modeling complex multigenic disorders, and validating genetically engineered mouse models in drug development and preclinical testing. Fortunately, the advent of rapid, low-cost in vivo somatic modeling techniques (e.g. CRISPR), enhances the utility and impact of mouse models in biomedical research.
Septic Shoulder Joint after Pneumococcal Vaccination Requiring Surgical Debridement

Inflammatory complications after routine vaccination, including pain, local erythema, and bursitis, have been reported. Several cases of bursitis after vaccination, most commonly with the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, have been reported in the literature [1–8]. Many of these cases have been attributed to poor technique of the administrator or an inflammatory reaction when the vaccine is deposited in the subdeltoid space [1, 3, 7]. Many of these reactions are self-limiting and demonstrate good relief with subacromial corticosteroid injection [1–4, 7]. We report a case of a patient who rapidly developed a septic shoulder joint after pneumococcal vaccination in her right deltoid. This required prompt surgical shoulder arthrotomy, irrigation, and debridement.
The role of basophils in the immunopathogenesis of hypersensitivity to fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) in dogs

Biopsies taken of skin test sites from 10 dogs allergic to fleas were fixed in Karnovsky's fixative and embedded in methacrylate. One micron sections were stained with acid Giemsa for identification of basophils. This cell was identified in most biopsies taken at intervals from 1 hour to 48 hours post-injection. The proportion was highest between 4 hours and 18 hours and had substantially fallen by 48 hours. The highest number of basophils recorded as a percentage of the inflammatory infiltrate was 22.1%, with biopsies from 7 of the 10 dogs showing in excess of 10% basophils at some point. The results suggest that cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity may play an immunopathogenic role in flea-bite hypersensitivity in dogs.
From Feudalism to Oligarchy in Latin America, 1500–1830

Europeans embarked upon the colonization of Latin America early in the 16th century, about 100 years before colonizing North America. Latin America seemed an auspicious choice at the time, in part because there were reports of gold and silver in the Caribbean and to the south, but also because the Caribbean and northeastern part of Brazil would prove to be promising areas for the cultivation of sugar cane. With this head start, estimated incomes in Latin America were generally higher than those in North America for the first 250 years of settlement, or until about 1750. Then, for the next 125 years, Latin America approached stagnation, while North America prospered and pulled ahead. Since about 1875, Latin America has experienced improved performance but has not achieved the convergence that economic theory would lead one to expect. What are the underlying causes of this poor economic performance over the last 250 years or so? Why has Latin America had such a hard time taking advantage of the increased opportunities in world markets, including in our own time?
UNDERSTANDING THE COST ASSOCIATED WITH DATA SECURITY BREACHES

To estimate the cost of a data breach to the inflicted firm, this study examines the relationship between a breach incident and changes in the inflicted firm’s profitability, perceived risk, and the inflicted firms’ information environment transparency. Profitability is measured as reported earnings and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Perceived risk is measured as reported stock return volatility and dispersion among analysts’ forecasts. Although a number of studies have investigated the stock market reaction surrounding the disclosure of a breach incident to quantify the cost associated with breaches, we argue that there exists information uncertainty and deficiency in the disclosure of the breach incident and stock market reaction surrounding a security breach announcement date may not be the best measure for the cost of security breaches. And research using other complementary measures is warranted. Our preliminary finding suggests that data breaches negatively impact firm profitability, perceived risk and information transparency. Nevertheless, the damage of a breach most likely stems from direct costs such as compensation and litigation costs rather than indirect costs such as tarnished reputation and a decrease in market share and sales. More sophisticated analysts are also found to add value in estimating the real cost of a security breach.
Thermodynamic characterization for the denatured state of bovine prion protein and the BSE Associated variant E211K

Propagation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies involves the conversion of cellular prion protein, PrPC, into a misfolded oligomeric form, PrPSc. The most common hereditary prion disease is a genetic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, in which a mutation in the prion gene results in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at position 200 (E200K) in PrP. In cattle, the analogous amino acid substitution is found at residue 211 (E211K) and has been associated with a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Here, we have compared the secondary structure of E211K to that of wild type using circular dichroism and completed a thermodynamic analysis of the folding of recombinant wild type and E211K variants of the bovine prion protein. The secondary structure of the E211K variant was essentially indistinguishable from that of wild type. The thermodynamic stability of E211K substitution showed a slight destabilization relative to the wild type consistent with results reported for recombinant human prion protein and its mutant E200K. In addition, the E211K variant exhibits a similarly compact denatured state to that of wild type based upon similar m-value and change in heat capacity of unfolding for the proteins. Together these results indicate that residual structure in the denatured state of bPrP is present in both the wild type protein and BSE associated variant E211K. Given this observation, as well as folding similarities reported for other disease associated variants of PrP it is worth consideration that functional aspects of PrP conformation may play a role in the misfolding process.
Flexible electronic bands for the dynamic optical spectroscopic assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus in finger joints

We have developed a system of flexible optical imaging bands that can be used to assess the effects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on finger joints. Each imaging band consists of four pairs of light sources and a photodetector. The light sources contain three different light emitting diodes with wavelengths of 530 nm, 655 nm and 940 nm. Two of these imaging bands are wrapped around the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the index-, middle-, and ringfingers. The imaging bands gather transmitted and reflected light intensities from the tissues for ~ 4 minutes including two venous occlusions. This results in hemodynamic time traces for all source-detector pairs. From theses traces a rise, plateau, and fall time are calculated. We found that, on average, signals obtained from SLE patients displayed a shorter rise time and longer plateau time as compared to signals from healthy controls. Performing a two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis on the rise and plateau times, we obtained the best specificity of 89% and the best sensitivity of 76 %. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is 0.86.
Exploring the efficiency of laser materials processing with tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens (Conference Presentation)

A continuously growing interest to achieve highly efficient mass-production systems has catalyzed various developments in high-efficiency laser processing techniques. These techniques entail fast and cost-effective control of the laser beam position for high-throughput laser material processing with optimal efficiency. Tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens is a device that uses acoustic waves to radially excite a fluid-filled cylindrical cavity that allows ultra-fast variation in focal-length. By rapidly scanning the laser focal point along the optical axis, TAG lens enables rapid selection of the focal length on time scales shorter than 1μs and can provide an increased efficiency in the machining rate. In this presentation, we demonstrate how a TAG lens can be used to achieve high-throughput material processing. Previously we have shown that the TAG lens enables higher micromachining rates in various material systems. In a specific example of silicon, we achieve a nearly threefold increase in the machining rate while maintaining sharp side walls and a small spot size. Through a detailed analysis of taking the probability distribution of the optical scanning range into account we study how using TAG lens with various micromachining rates affect the material processing efficiency.
Capture, ingestion, and egestion of microplastics by suspension-feeding bivalves: a 40-year history1

In aquatic environments, suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs are exposed to a manifold of natural and anthropogenically derived particles, including micro- and nanoplastics. Plastic particles inter...
On the bounded generation of arithmetic SL2

Let K be a number field and S be a finite set of primes of K containing the archimedean valuations. Let 𝒪 be the ring of S-integers in K. Morgan, Rapinchuck, and Sury [A. V. Morgan et al., Algebra Number Theory 12, 1949–1974 (2018)] have proved that if the group of units 𝒪 × is infinite, then every matrix in SL2(𝒪) is a product of at most 9 elementary matrices. We prove that under the additional hypothesis that K has at least 1 real embedding or S contains a finite place we can get a product of at most 8 elementary matrices. If we assume a suitable generalized Riemann hypothesis, then every matrix in SL2(𝒪) is the product of at most 5 elementary matrices if K has at least 1 real embedding, the product of at most 6 elementary matrices if S contains a finite place, and the product of at most 7 elementary matrices in general.
Brain-specific Drp1 regulates postsynaptic endocytosis and dendrite formation independently of mitochondrial division

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) divides mitochondria as a mechano-chemical GTPase. However, the function of Drp1 beyond mitochondrial division is largely unknown. Multiple Drp1 isoforms are produced through mRNA splicing. One such isoform, Drp1ABCD, contains all four alternative exons and is specifically expressed in the brain. Here, we studied the function of Drp1ABCD in mouse neurons in both culture and animal systems using isoform-specific knockdown by shRNA and isoform-specific knockout by CRISPR/Cas9. We found that the expression of Drp1ABCD is induced during postnatal brain development. Drp1ABCD is enriched in dendritic spines and regulates postsynaptic clathrin-mediated endocytosis by positioning the endocytic zone at the postsynaptic density, independently of mitochondrial division. Drp1ABCD loss promotes the formation of ectopic dendrites in neurons and enhanced sensorimotor gating behavior in mice. These data reveal that Drp1ABCD controls postsynaptic endocytosis, neuronal morphology and brain function.
Modeling Food Systems

When enough food is produced but sizable fractions of the population suffer from malnutrition or are overweight, it is time to get a better understanding of the global food system. This chapter introduces food systems and food security as timely research topics for Mathematics of Planet Earth (MPE).
Statistical and probabilistic analysis of interarrival and waiting times of Internet2 anomalies

Motivated by the need to introduce design improvements to the Internet network to make it robust to high traffic volume anomalies, we analyze statistical properties of the time separation between arrivals of consecutive anomalies in the Internet2 network. Using several statistical techniques, we demonstrate that for all unidirectional links in Internet2, these interarrival times have distributions whose tail probabilities decay like a power law. These heavy-tailed distributions have varying tail indexes, which in some cases imply infinite variance. We establish that the interarrival times can be modeled as independent and identically distributed random variables, and propose a model for their distribution. These findings allow us to use the tools of of renewal theory, which in turn allows us to estimate the distribution of the waiting time for the arrival of the next anomaly. We show that the waiting time is stochastically substantially longer than the time between the arrivals, and may in some cases have infinite expected value. All our findings are tabulated and displayed in the form of suitable graphs, including the relevant density estimates.
Smarter Disk Space Management for Silicon Workflows

As projects approach their deadlines, multiple teams - design and verification - are running several simulations and regressions. Many times, the test logs and waveforms across several TestBenches lie around way past their usefulness. This causes project delays as space reduces to such an extent that no simulations or work can proceed or at a glacial pace. We've experienced the same across several projects and have come to a better way to manage and administrate these disks by using the ageing mechanism effectively by giving users and disk administrators relevant information and controls.
Der Pilot – unterschätzter Gewährleister mit A****gefühl

Die Analyse des ersten Untersuchungsteils richtete sich auf das Zusammenwirken von Mensch und Technik und befasste sich mit der Frage, was Piloten (uberhaupt noch) machen – angesichts der hohen Technisierungsgrade ihrer Arbeit.
Fungicide Sensitivity in Strawberry Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera aphanis in California

Field observations suggest that reduced fungicide sensitivity exists in field populations of Podosphaera aphanis, the causal agent of strawberry powdery mildew (SPM). SPM is one of the most common ...
Analyzing Brain Morphology in Alzheimer’s Disease Using Discriminative and Generative Spiral Networks

Several patterns of atrophy have been identified and strongly related to Alzheimer9s disease (AD) pathology and its progression. Morphological changes in brain shape have been identified up to ten years before clinical diagnoses of AD, making its early diagnosis more desirable. We propose novel geometric deep learning frameworks for the analysis of brain shape in the context of neurodegeneration caused by AD. Our deep neural networks learn low-dimensional shape descriptors of multiple neuroanatomical structures, instead of handcrafted features for each structure. A discriminative network using spiral convolution on 3D meshes is constructed for the in-vivo binary classification of AD from healthy controls (HCs) using a fast and efficient "spiral" convolution operator on 3D triangular mesh surfaces of human brain subcortical structures extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our network architecture consists of modular learning blocks using residual connections to improve overall classifier performance. In this work: (1) a discriminative network is used to analyze the efficacy of disease classification using input data from multiple brain structures and compared to using a single hemisphere or a single structure. It also outperforms prior work using spectral graph convolution on the same the same tasks, as well as alternative methods that operate on intermediate point cloud representations of 3D shapes. (2) Additionally, visual interpretations for regions on the surface of brain structures that are associated to true positive AD predictions are generated and fall in accordance with the current reports on the structural localization of pathological changes associated to AD. (3) A conditional generative network is also implemented to analyze the effects of phenotypic priors given to the model (i.e. AD diagnosis) in generating subcortical structures. The generated surface meshes by our model indicate learned morphological differences in the presence of AD that agrees with the current literature on patterns of atrophy associated to the disease. In particular, our inference results demonstrate an overall reduction in subcortical mesh volume and surface area in the presence of AD, especially in the hippocampus. The low-dimensional shape descriptors obtained by our generative model are also evaluated in our discriminative baseline comparisons versus our discriminative network and the alternative shape-based approaches.
Teacher emotional labor: examining teacher feeling rules in the college classroom

Teacher emotions are important yet understudied in the classroom. The current study explores how teachers manage their emotions in the classroom. More specifically, we apply the five feeling rules ...
Practices and Patterns of Hourly Neurochecks: Analysis of 8,936 Patients With Neurological Injury.

Background:Patients experiencing acute neurological injury often receive hourly neurological assessments (“neurochecks”) to capture signs of deterioration. While commonly utilized in the intensive ...
BISTRO: Binary Component Extraction and Embedding for Software Security Applications

In software security and malware analysis, researchers often need to directly manipulate binary program – benign or malicious – without source code. A useful pair of binary manipulation primitives are binary functional component extraction and embedding, for extracting a functional component from a binary program and for embedding a functional component in a binary program, respectively. Such primitives are applicable to a wide range of security scenarios such as legacy program hardening, binary semantic patching, and malware function analysis. Unfortunately, existing binary rewriting techniques are inadequate to support binary function carving and embedding. In this paper, we present bistro, a system that supports these primitives without symbolic information, relocation information, or compiler support. Bistro preserves functional correctness of both the extracted functional component and the stretched binary program (with the component embedded) by patching them in a systematic fashion. We have implemented an IDA Pro-based prototype of Bistro and evaluated it using real-world Windows software. Our results show the effectiveness of Bistro, with each stretched binary incurring low time and space overhead. Furthermore, we demonstrate Bistro’s capabilities in various security applications.
The Effect of Systematic Weight Training on Athletic Power

(1950). The Effect of Systematic Weight Training on Athletic Power. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 188-194.
Using quantitative imaging to link immune profile and tumor grade in breast cancer. (TECH1P.861)

Tumor grade determines how quickly a tumor proliferates and spreads. It is one of the factors used to determine the best treatment approach for cancer patients. The Nottingham Histological Score is used to determine tumor grade in breast cancer. Three factors comprise this score: amount of gland formation, nuclear features, and mitotic activity. These factors tell how close the cancer cells and the tumor tissue structure resemble normal cells and tissue. Well-differentiated (grade 1) tumors closely resemble normal cells and tissue and grow and spread slowly. Moderately (grade 2) - and poorly (grade 3) - differentiated tumors have abnormal cell appearance, lack normal tissue structures, and grow and spread faster. In this pilot project, we were interested in determining if we could link tumor microenvironment immune profiles to tumor grade. We used our quantitative imaging process including multiplexed immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, and quantitative analysis software to generate immune profiles of CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, CD1a+ dendritic cells, and cytokeratin+ cancer cells in primary tumor and tumor draining lymph nodes of breast cancer patients. Tumor grades were collected from pathology reports. Our preliminary data suggests that we can link immune profiles and tumor grade. Our next steps are to determine if combination of immune profiles and tumor grade can improve selection of treatment approach for breast cancer patients versus tumor grade alone.
Divine Hierarchies: Class in American Religion and Religious Studies

Placing the neglected issue of class back into the study and understanding of religion, Sean McCloud reconsiders the meaning of class in today's world. More than a status grounded in material conditions, says McCloud, class is also an identity rhetorically and symbolically made and unmade through representations. It entails relationships, identifications, boundaries, meanings, power, and our most ingrained habits of mind and body. He demonstrates that employing class as an analytical tool that cuts across variables such as creed, race, ethnicity, and gender can illuminate American religious life in unprecedented ways. Through social theory, historical analysis, and ethnography, McCloud makes an interdisciplinary argument for reinserting class into the study of religion. First, he offers a new three-part conception of class for use in studying religion. He then presents a focused cultural history of religious studies by examining how social class surfaced in twentieth-century theories of religious affiliation. He concludes with historical and ethnographic case studies of religion and class. "Divine Hierarchies" makes a convincing case for the past and present importance of class in American religious thought, practice, and scholarship.
Model-based recognition and localization from sparse range or tactile data

This paper discusses how local measurements of three-dimensional positions and surface normals (recorded by a set of tactile sensors, or by three-dimensional range sensors), may be used to identify and locate objects from among a set of known objects. The objects are modeled as polyhedra having up to six degrees of freedom relative to the sensors. We show that inconsistent hypotheses about pairings between sensed points and object surfaces can be discarded efficiently by using local constraints on distances between faces, angles between face normals, and angles (relative to the surface normals) of vectors between sensed points. We show by simulation and by mathematical bounds that the number of hypotheses consistent with these constraints is small We also show how to recover the position and orientation of the object from the sensory data. The algorithm's performance on data obtained from a triangulation range sensor is illustrated.
In-line Treatment of Molten Aluminum

Most commercial methods of fluxing aluminum alloys to produce low H2, Na and inclusion content ingots rely upon furnace fluxing with gaseous mixtures that include chlorine or chloride salts resulting in copious fume generation. A considerable reduction in amount of chlorine required to achieve high quality metal was accomplished by use of a combination filter bed and argon gas scrubbing tower introduced eight years ago. The present paper describes a new, two step, in-line fluxing system which provides even greater reduction in air pollution while producing metal of the low H2, Na and inclusion content required for high quality wrought products. First unit in the new process contains relatively large refractory particles through which Ar-Cl2gas is passed countercurrent to metal flow. The second unit contains a filter bed of finer refractory particles and also has a countercurrent flow of Ar-Cl2gas. Neither Cl2nor chloride fumes are detectable in the atmospheric samples from either fluxing unit. In first plant operation overall chlorine consumption was reduced 90%.
Di‐t‐butylmethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate

[105866-92-0] C10H21F3O3SSi (MW 306.42) InChI = 1S/C10H21F3O3SSi/c1-8(2,3)18(7,9(4,5)6)16-17(14,15)10(11,12)13/h1-7H3 InChIKey = YDBFULZNEUNFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (bulky trialkylsilylating agent; useful for preparation of hydrolytically stable, sterically congested enol silyl ethers and silyl carboxylic esters; tert-Bu2MeSi also serves as a reactivity control element) Alternate Name: DTBMSOTf. Physical Data: colorless, water-sensitive liquid; bp 63–65 °C/1.5 mmHg. Solubility: sol THF, Et2O. Form Supplied in: not available commercially. Preparative Method: addition of Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid (TfOH) to neat di-tert-butylmethylsilane2 at 4 °C, stirring 16 h at 20 °C, followed by distillation in vacuo.1 Purification: vacuum distillation through a Vigreux column. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable in the absence of moisture. Fumes in moist air, producing TfOH by hydrolysis. Owing to the high corrosivity of TfOH, breathing the vapor or the fumes produced by reaction with moist air should be avoided. Use in a fume hood.
Ultrafast papanicolaou stain is not limited to rapid assessments: Application to permanent fine‐needle aspiration smears

Ultrafast Papanicolaou (Pap) stain, a 90-second preparation originally designed for the immediate assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears (Yang and Alvarez, Acta Cytol 1995;39:55-60), can also be adapted for permanent FNA smears. It involves the addition of three simple steps prior to the conventional Pap procedure: the first step is to make the cells appear larger, thus increasing the resolution for analysis of cellular details; the second step is to hemolyse the background blood, thus unmasking tumor cells; and the third step is to bring out the vibrant colors in the cells and the nucleoli, which stain red.