cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of ATP-binding Cassette Nucleotide-binding Domain Dimers into Monomers during the Hydrolysis Cycle

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins have two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) that work as dimers to bind and hydrolyze ATP, but the molecular mechanism of nucleotide hydrolysis is controversial. In particular, it is still unresolved whether hydrolysis leads to dissociation of the ATP-induced dimers or opening of the dimers, with the NBDs remaining in contact during the hydrolysis cycle. We studied a prototypical ABC NBD, the Methanococcus jannaschii MJ0796, using spectroscopic techniques. We show that fluorescence from a tryptophan positioned at the dimer interface and luminescence resonance energy transfer between probes reacted with single-cysteine mutants can be used to follow NBD association/dissociation in real time. The intermonomer distances calculated from luminescence resonance energy transfer data indicate that the NBDs separate completely following ATP hydrolysis, instead of opening. The results support ABC protein NBD association/dissociation, as opposed to constant-contact models.
Simulation training with structured debriefing improves residents' pediatric disaster triage performance.

Introduction Pediatric disaster medicine (PDM) triage is a vital skill set for pediatricians, and is a required component of residency training by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Simulation training is an effective tool for preparing providers for high-stakes, low-frequency events. Debriefing is a learner-centered approach that affords reflection on one's performance, and increases the efficacy of simulation training. The purpose of this study was to measure the efficacy of a multiple-victim simulation in facilitating learners’ acquisition of pediatric disaster medicine (PDM) skills, including the JumpSTART triage algorithm. It was hypothesized that multiple patient simulations and a structured debriefing would improve triage performance. Methods A 10-victim school-shooting scenario was created. Victims were portrayed by adult volunteers, and by high- and low-fidelity simulation manikins that responded physiologically to airway maneuvers. Learners were pediatrics residents. Expected triage levels were not revealed. After a didactic session, learners completed the first simulation. Learners assigned triage levels to all victims, and recorded responses on a standardized form. A group structured debriefing followed the first simulation. The debriefing allowed learners to review the victims and discuss triage rationale. A new 10-victim trauma disaster scenario was presented one week later, and a third scenario was presented five months later. During the second and third scenarios, learners again assigned triage levels to multiple victims. Wilcoxon sign rank tests were used to compare pre- and post-test scores and performance on pre- and post-debriefing simulations. Results A total of 53 learners completed the educational intervention. Initial mean triage performance was 6.9/10 patients accurately triaged (range = 5-10, SD = 1.3); one week after the structured debriefing, the mean triage performance improved to 8.0/10 patients (range = 5-10, SD = 1.37, P < .0001); five months later, there was maintenance of triage improvement, with a mean triage score of 7.8/10 patients (SD = 1.33, P < .0001). Over-triage of an uninjured child with special health care needs (CSHCN) (67.8% of learners prior to debriefing, 49.0% one week post-debriefing, 26.2% five months post-debriefing) and under-triage of head-injured, unresponsive patients (41.2% of learners pre-debriefing, 37.5% post-debriefing, 11.0% five months post-debriefing) were the most common errors. Conclusions Structured debriefings are a key component of PDM simulation education, and resulted in improved triage accuracy; the improvement was maintained five months after the educational intervention. Future curricula should emphasize assessment of CSHCN and head-injured patients. Cicero MX, Auerbach MA, Zigmont J, Riera A, Ching K, Baum CR. Simulation training with structured debriefing improves residents’ pediatric disaster triage performance. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(3):1-6.
Teaching Strategie: Active Health Education

(1975). Teaching Strategie: Active Health Education. Health Education: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 23-23.
THU0374 Use and Validation of Cell Distance Mapping (CDM) in Studying the Pathogenesis of Tubulointerstitial Inflammation in Human Lupus Nephritis

Background We previously developed Cell Distance Mapping (CDM) – a computerized algorithm to analyze confocal microscopy images - to analyze the tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) present in human lupus nephritis (LuN) biopsies. Applying CDM, we showed that TII is a usual feature of LuN with T follicular helper (T FH ) cells participating in close conjugates with B cells. T FH cells that participated in conjugates displayed an activated phenotype with elevated levels of IL-21 and bcl6 by quantitative PCR. Thus, CDM was able to translate proximal distance measurements of cell pairs to their functional state for the first time in human tissue. Objectives A criticism of our previous work was that it was performed only using human tissue and could be descriptive. To address this, we set out to use a manipulatable model as our first objective, where the antigen specificity of cells can be controlled to test the utility and limits of CDM. Our second objective was to expand CDM to the study of innate and adaptive immune responses, chief among which are T cell:DC interactions. As DC populations tend to be more complex and require multiple phenotypic markers to identify, this required expanding our staining protocols. Methods We used an adoptive mouse model that included 3 cell populations: antigen pulsed and LPS-activated dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-specific (5CC7) T cells, and wild type (WT) T cells. Each population was labeled with blue, red, and green cell trackers, respectively. After transfer, lymph nodes from five animals were subjected to two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) analysis. Lymph nodes were then frozen at -80°C and subjected to CDM analysis. A total of 37 images from 5 lymph nodes, each representing a separate animal, were used for CDM. To expanding our current staining, we used a new fluorochrome – Alexa 430 – in combination with SYTOX Blue – a unique nucleic acid-binding stain – along with our previously utilized fluorochromes (Alexas 488, 546, 594, and 647) to generate simultaneous 6-channel confocal microscopy images of human tonsil, normal kidney, and lupus nephritis samples. Results Results revealed statistically significant differences at + BDCA1 - CD11c - ) and myeloid (CD123 - BDCA1 + CD11c + ) DCs, with concurrent staining for CD20+ B cells and CD3 across all tissues studied. Conclusions Our data shows that CDM is able to reliably identify cognate interactions on par with TPEM. We plan to further iteratively develop this technique in combination with our new 6 channel immunofluorescent staining of human TII to glean further insight into the organization of the in situ inflammatory response and disease pathogenesis. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Separating nanoparticles by surface charge group using pH-controlled passivated gel electrophoresis

Because ionically stabilized colloids in aqueous dispersions have net surface charges that depend on pH, it is potentially possible to separate mixtures of nanospheres having identical radii, yet d...
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor with Elevation of Serum Erythropoietin

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney is an uncommon neoplastic cause of surgically curable hypertension. We report a case of erythrocytosis due to elevated serum erythropoietin with a renin secreting juxtaglomerular cell tumor.
X-ray generation using high-intensity, subpicosecond excimer lasers

The interaction of subpicosecond light with dense matter has been shown to be a source of intense extreme-ultraviolet and kilovolt radiation.1-3 Using a high-intensity subpicosecond laser based on amplification in XeCl4 we are studying the interaction of ultraviolet subpicosecond pulses at intensities of 5 × 1018 W/cm2 with high-density plasmas from solid targets. A schematic diagram of the target geometry with the associated diagnostics is shown in Fig. 1. The focusing optic is an f/1.9 off-axis parabola.
XUA LASER STARK SPECTROSCOPY OF XENON AUTOIONIZING RYDBERG SERIES

The Rydberg spectra of the rare gases have been a matter of interest for both experimentalists and theorists for many years. Because of fine structure in the ionic core, there are two separate ionization limits. The Rydberg series converging to the upper (j-1/2) fine-structure level auto- ionize. Among the heavy rare gases, xenon Rydberg states have been recently measured at high accuracy with classical high resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectroscopy/1/. The Stark effect was only investigated for the bound Xe Rydberg states /2/. Here we report the first high resolution Stark effect study of the autoionizing series by single photon excitation from the ground state and present calculations explaining the observations.
Analyzing social movements

Scholars of contentious politics have argued that social movements are likely to fare best where “parliamentary politics, democratic institutions, and durable political competition” have already taken root. In places where those conditions do not hold, such as the post-Soviet states, we can fully expect social movements to look and behave differently from their Western counterparts. But whatever their appearance and characteristics, all social movements – in any country – are engaged in attempts to serve essentially the same purpose: to work toward social change that will rectify a situation perceived as unjust. In other words, social movements strive to alter the status quo of the power distribution in society – whether at the level of material resources or the more intangible level of status and “identity.” Most often, social movements, including the women's movement in Russia, entail struggle over a combination of these material and intangible interests. By the mid-1990s, the Russian women's movement was conducting that struggle under extremely strained conditions. Women's organizations were uniformly poor, run by volunteers on “enthusiasm,” while the economic circumstances surrounding them became increasingly desperate. Women suffered most, as a group, from the deepening economic crisis. Russian women rapidly went from having one of the highest labor force participation rates worldwide – over 90 percent – to being the least employable workforce in Russia, making up approximately two-thirds of the unemployed in 1994. Affordable daycare, once widely available (if of low quality), became a rarity, as factories cut such “luxuries” out of their budgets.
Why Study Charles Hodge? The Problem

Milton portrays the thought process that Eve went through in order to justify eating the forbidden fruit. Her thoughts reveal her failure to know God. This chapter gives a background history of Charles Hodge, and then considers the influences of John Calvin and Francis Turretin on Hodge. It specifically studies how these thinkers understood sin in relation to general revelation and what can be known of God.
The Value of Outsourcing Selected Cases in a Medical Examiner Population: A 10‐Year Experience

Due to increasing caseloads and inadequate staffing, the burden on Coroner/Medical Examiner Offices to comply with recommended autopsy limits for forensic pathologists (FPs) has been difficult. Since 2006, pathologists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have performed select autopsies for the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences. Each case was reviewed by a state FP and scene investigator to determine appropriateness for referral. All referred cases received full postmortem examination including microscopic examination and collection of toxicological samples, and toxicology was ordered by the referring FP as appropriate. The final cause and manner of death were determined by the referring state FP after review of all findings. A majority of the 421 cases were ruled accidental deaths (233), most due to drug toxicity. Of the 178 natural deaths, 118 were attributed to cardiovascular disease. Outsourcing select forensic cases can be educational and an effective tool to manage workflow without compromising quality.
Study of blood pressure profile and anthropometry in children belonging to low socio-economic status; a prospective cross sectional study

Background: A significant number of population in India are below poverty line. It contributes to the higher incidence of malnutrition especially among children which is 48% according to NFHS-3 (National family Health survey). Blood Pressure tracking studies suggest that hypertension in adulthood often has its origin in childhood. Blood pressure in childhood is the best predictor of hypertension in later life. There have been very few studies on malnutrition and Hypertension association and none in this area. One rationale for screening for hypertension in children and adolescents is that early identification of primary hypertension could lead to interventions to reduce blood pressure during childhood and adolescence, resulting in a reduced risk for cardiovascular events and death in adulthood. Methods: The present cross sectional prospective study was conducted on School going children (5-14 years) belonging to lower socio-economic status attending schools from Bhilai, District Durg Chhattisgarh, India, within 5 km range of Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Hospital over a period of 12 months from March 2015 to February 2016.The present study took 300 sample size. List of schools was arranged from district education officer (DEO) and required government schools were shortlisted on within 5 km range of hospital. After short history and examination, as per the prerequisite of proforma, the following measurements were taken. For all the statistical analysis MS EXCEL and SPSS 16 (Statistical Package for Social Science) version were used. The information collected was tabulated and the data was analyzed using suitable statistics. Results: 60% of the subjects were belongs to 5-10 years of age and 40% in 10-14 years’ age group. Males and females were equal in distributions (50% each), thus there were 150 males and 150 females in the current study. Overall prevalence of malnutrition in our study was 38.6%. The present study found 88 subjects (29.3%) having grade 1 malnutrition and 28 subjects (38.7%) having grade 2 and 0 (0%) with grade 3 and grade 4 malnutrition. There were 2 pre-hypertensives in our study, out of which one was male and one female. When analyzed according to nutritional status, there were 2 hypertensives in malnourished group. Similarly. there was 1 hypertensive in normal nutritional status group. Conclusions: There is a significant prevalence of malnutrition in our society which contributes to a more number of problems than what is presented to practicing paediatricians. The prevalence is higher in children <5 years age group overall which continues through school age and adolescent age group as shown in our study. The focus of attention should be identification of various diseases along with hypertension at the earliest and prevention of malnutrition.
Inducing Complexity in Intermetallics through Electron–Hole Matching: The Structure of Fe14Pd17Al69

We illustrate how the crystal structure of Fe14Pd17Al69 provides an example of an electron-hole matching approach to inducing frustration in intermetallic systems. Its structure contains a framework based on IrAl2.75, a binary compound that closely adheres to the 18-n rule. Upon substituting the Ir with a mixture of Fe and Pd, a competition arises between maintaining the overall ideal electron concentration and accommodating the different structural preferences of the two elements. A 2×2×2 supercell results, with Pd- and Fe-rich regions emerging. Just as in the original IrAl2.75 phase, the electronic structure of Fe14Pd17Al69 exhibits a pseudogap at the Fermi Energy arising from an 18-n bonding scheme. The electron-hole matching approach's ability to combine structural complexity with electronic pseudogaps offers an avenue to new phonon glass-electron crystal materials.
The Adoption of Single-port Laparoscopy for Full Staging of Endometrial Cancer: Surgical and Oncology Outcomes and Evaluation of the Learning Curve.

Abstract Study Objective To study the safety, feasibility, learning curve, and surgical outcome for single-port laparoscopic full staging of endometrial cancer. Design A retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting A university academic hospital. Patients Women with endometrial cancer undergoing single-port laparoscopic full surgical staging. Interventions This was a single-center, retrospective consecutive study of patients undergoing single-port laparoscopic full staging of endometrial cancer from March 2012 to December 2015. Measurements and Main Results One hundred ten consecutive cases were included in the study. The mean age was 63 years (standard deviation = 14), and the mean body mass index was 34 kg/m 2 (standard deviation = 7). Medical comorbidity was noted in 62% (68/110) of patients, and 55% (61/110) of patients had previous abdominal surgery. Preoperative histology included grade 1 (63%), grade 2 (23%), grade 3 (4%), papillary serous (6%), clear cell (3%), and mixed (1%). Postoperatively, 73% of patients were stage I, 2% were stage II, 21% were stage III, and 4% were stage IV. The conversion rate to multiple ports or to laparotomy was 6.3%. The average total surgical time was 186 minutes. Comparing the last 30 cases of our cohort with the first 20, there was a significant improvement in the reduction of the total operative time (191 vs 152 minutes, p = .036), estimated blood loss (389 vs 121 mL, p = .002), conversion rate (20 % vs 0%, p = .02), and rate of surgical complication (10% vs. 0%, p = .03). The readmission rate was 11% (12/110) with 75% of those patients being readmitted for surgical indications and 25% for medical indications. The rate of ventral hernia was 1.8% (2/110) with an average follow-up of 298 days (31–1085 days). Conclusion Single-port laparoscopic staging of endometrial cancer is a safe and feasible technique to introduce into a gynecologic oncology practice that is compatible with other minimally invasive modalities with similar complication rates, discharge timing, and operative times. Drastic improvement in surgical time can be seen after approximately the first 20 cases.
Parent-Reported Use of Interventions by Toddlers and Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objective:This study examined services used by young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and factors associated with use.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted with baseline data for toddlers (under age three) and preschoolers (three to less than six years) with ASD enrolled in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network registry from 2008 to 2013 (N=2,804). Parents’ reports at enrollment of services received by children were documented. Factors associated with service use and with hours per week of services used were identified by multiple regression analyses.Results:At baseline, 79% of children had received at least one service; 28% had received behavioral services. In the sample, less than 30% of children who received at least one service spent more than ten hours per week in any service use. Children who received services were more likely to be of white race and to have had an ASD diagnosis prior to registry enrollment. Age, previous ASD diagnosis, maternal education, and ch...
SMCHD1 Merges Chromosome Compartments and Assists Formation of Super-Structures on the Inactive X.

Summary Mammalian chromosomes are partitioned into A/B compartments and topologically associated domains (TADs). The inactive X (Xi) chromosome, however, adopts a distinct conformation without evident compartments or TADs. Here, through exploration of an architectural protein, structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes hinge domain containing 1 (SMCHD1), we probe how the Xi is reconfigured during X chromosome inactivation. A/B compartments are first fused into "S1" and "S2" compartments, coinciding with Xist spreading into gene-rich domains. SMCHD1 then binds S1/S2 compartments and merges them to create a compartment-less architecture. Contrary to current views, TADs remain on the Xi but in an attenuated state. Ablating SMCHD1 results in a persistent S1/S2 organization and strengthening of TADs. Furthermore, loss of SMCHD1 causes regional defects in Xist spreading and erosion of heterochromatic silencing. We present a stepwise model for Xi folding, where SMCHD1 attenuates a hidden layer of Xi architecture to facilitate Xist spreading.
A Model of Agenda Dynamics

(1987). A Model of Agenda Dynamics. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 10, Communication Yearbook 10, pp. 499-516.
Phosphate and Prevention of Renal Failure

When a critical level of renal functional deterioration has occurred from a variety of different renal diseases, there is almost invariable progression to total loss of renal function. Ahlmen1 found that the median time for renal impairment to progress to end-stage disease after the plasma creatinine had increased to 5 mg/dl was six months in patients with diabetic nephropathy, ten months in patients with glomerulonephritis, and 14 months in patients with nonobstructive pyelonephritis.
Vascular disease in the elderly patient.

An increasing number of patients will be seen with abdominal aortic aneurysms, carotid artery disease, and severe peripheral ischemia in the future. Although advanced age has been considered a strong contraindication to the surgical treatment of these conditions, an objective analysis of the available evidence does not support such therapeutic conservatism. Clinical judgments should be based on the patient's physiologic, not chronologic, age. Specifically, properly selected elderly patients with aortic aneurysms, carotid disease, or limb-threatening ischemia can undergosurgery with acceptable risk and significant long-term benefit.
Sexuality and Aging with LGBT Populations

Although a general lack of empirical research regarding older LGBT individuals persists, estimates suggest that more than 3.5 million Americans self-identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. Findings from the first national survey of its kind reveals that the majority of lesbian, gay, and bisexual elders are middle-incomed, well-educated, and in a long-term committed relationship. Findings also indicate that LGBT elders are 80% less likely to access needed health and social services when compared to their heterosexual counterparts, and that negative reactions from health care providers serve as a precipitating factor. LGBT elders face a variety of unique stressors associated with aging including caregiving fears and burden, and legal challenges to domestic partnerships. It also is essential to recognize that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered elders cannot be viewed as a homogenous group. To complicate matters, few clinicians receive adequate graduate training or continuing education regarding LGBT issues, particularly within the context of sexuality and aging. Specific recommendations are offered to help clinicians make their practices more LGBT friendly (e.g., include information about family members by choice), and to assist their clients plan more effectively for retirement, long-term care, and end-of-life issues. Helping LGBT elders harness their coping skills also can provide vital insight into personal strengths, as well as a renewed recognition of pride and resilience.
Comparison of DTI analysis methods for clinical research: influence of pre-processing and tract selection methods

The primary aim was to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived with different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis approaches (atlas-based, streamline tractography, and combined). A secondary aim was to compare FA values and number of tracts (NT) with the clinical motor outcome quantified by the functional independence measure for children (WeeFIM). Thirty-nine DTI datasets of children with acquired brain injury were analysed. Regions of interest for the ipsilesional corticospinal tract were defined and mean FA and NT were calculated. We evaluated FA values with Spearman correlation, the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, and Bland-Altman analysis. DTI values were compared to WeeFIM values by non-parametric partial correlation and accuracy was assessed by receiver operating characteristics analysis. The FA values from all approaches correlated significantly with each other (p < 0.001). However, the FA values from streamline tractography were significantly higher (mean ± standard deviation (SD), 0.52 ± 0.08) than those from the atlas-based (0.42 ± 0.11) or the combined approach (0.41 ± 0.11) (p < 0.001 for both). FA and NT values correlated significantly with WeeFIM values (atlas-based FA, partial correlation coefficient (ρ) = 0.545, p = 0.001; streamline FA, ρ = 0.505, p = 0.002; NT, ρ = 0.434, p = 0.008; combined FA, ρ = 0.611, p < 0.001). FA of the atlas-based approach (sensitivity 90%, specificity 67%, area under the curve 0.82) and the combined approach (87%, 67%, 0.82), provided the highest predictive accuracy for outcome compared to FA (70%, 67%, 0.67) and NT (50%, 100%, 0.79, respectively) of the streamline approach. FA values from streamline tractography were higher than those from the atlas-based and combined approach. The atlas-based and combined approach offer the best predictive accuracy for motor outcome, although both atlas-based and streamline tractography approaches provide significant predictors of clinical outcome.
Machine Learning and Cyber Security

The application of machine learning (ML) technique in cyber-security is increasing than ever before. Starting from IP traffic classification, filtering malicious traffic for intrusion detection, ML is the one of the promising answers that can be effective against zero day threats. New research is being done by use of statistical traffic characteristics and ML techniques. This paper is a focused literature survey of machine learning and its application to cyber analytics for intrusion detection, traffic classification and applications such as email filtering. Based on the relevance and the number of citation each methods were identified and summarized. Because datasets are an important part of the ML approaches some well know datasets are also mentioned. Some recommendations are also provided on when to use a given algorithm. An evaluation of four ML algorithms has been performed on MODBUS data collected from a gas pipeline. Various attacks have been classified using the ML algorithms and finally the performance of each algorithm have been assessed.
Development of Flexible Glutamate Biosensor Using Activated Carbon - Pt Microparticle Composite Ink

Glutamate excitotoxicity is a common neuropathology found in many neurodegenerative disorders. The excessive release of glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, due to trauma or disease often lead to neuronal damage via overstimulation. Although there are several bioanalytical methods to measure glutamate levels, the changes in glutamate concentration that follows traumatic brain injury has not been evaluated with adequate spatiotemporal resolution. Here we present our latest development towards creating a high-density electrochemical biosensor to measure this dynamic process in vivo. The rapidly prototyped biosensor is fabricated using low-cost commercially available electroactive materials including activated carbon - Pt microparticle mixed with conductive polymer. Using a direct-writing method, we demonstrate the facile fabrication and benchtop evaluation of glutamate biosensor with good sensitivity $\mathbf{(2.4\ \mathrm{nA}/\mu \mathrm{M}/\mathrm{mm}^{2})}$ and selectivity (vs. ascorbic acid).
Skeletal Changes Across the Life Span

Abstract Our bone health is dependent on genetics, age, sex, race, environmental influences, and trauma. There are several critical periods of rapid bone growth, including fetal development during the third trimester of pregnancy, immediately after birth, and during the pubertal growth spurt. Risky behavior such as poor diet, smoking, and alcohol can compromise bone health. Childhood and adolescent bone mass is a strong predictor of fracture risk in adulthood. After the skeleton has achieved its adult dimensions, bone size continues to expand slowly; however, with simultaneous removal of bone at the endosteum and cortical bone, the size decreases. Age-related bone loss increases risk of fracture. This chapter will explore maternal lifestyle choices that can impact fetal programming, the development of peak bone mass, regulators of growth, and factors that contribute to fracture risk during childhood.
An Examination of the Role of First-Year College-Level Mathematics in STEM Field Major Persistence at a Hispanic-Serving Institution:

This study examined the influence of mathematics course-taking on Latina/o science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) major persistence utilizing data from first-year STEM majors at a...
Comparing directly measured versus mathematically calculated free serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in children.

25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) is essential for calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. The majority of serum 25(OH)D is bound to vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) (~ 85%) and to albumin (~ 15%), with only a miniscule amount circulating as free 25(OH)D. Free 25(OH)D can be calculated mathematically by Bikle method from the concentrations of total 25(OH)D, VDBP, and albumin or measured directly by ELISA. A direct head-to-head comparison between the two methods has not been done in children. The objective of the study was to compare the mathematically calculated versus directly measured free 25(OH) vitamin D in children. Serum samples from 74 children (ages 1–19 years) were simultaneously analyzed for total 25(OH)D, serum albumin, VDBP, and free 25(OH)D. Pearson correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plot were used to evaluate agreement between the two methods. The mean age was 9.1 ± 5.1 years, with 61% boys, 76% Caucasians, and 24% African-Americans. The mean ± SD for total 25(OH)D was 38.7 ± 12.8 ng/mL, bioavailable 25(OH)D 3.1 ± 1.1 ng/mL, mathematically calculated free 25(OH)D 8.4 ± 3.2 pg/mL, and directly measured free 25(OH)D 8.9 ± 3.6 pg/mL. Pearson correlation reflected a significant correlation between mathematically calculated and directly measured free 25(OH)D (r = 0.66, p < 0.0005). Bland–Altman plot reflected a tight agreement within a 95% limit of agreement (mean = − 0.026 ± 2SD). The directly measured and mathematically calculated free 25(OH)D are in close agreement and are interchangeable. Depending on the local availability of instruments and methods, free 25(OH)D can be either directly measured or mathematically calculated.
Skills and Abilities

Physician burnout in the United States is an epidemic and rates of burnout approach 70%. Physician health and wellbeing, as well as patient care, remain at risk. In recognition of the dire need to combat burnout, the National Academy of Medicine defined factors that impact physician wellbeing on both the external and individual levels. Specific physician skills and abilities such as efficiency, leadership, resilience, grit, and emotional intelligence are intricately tied to physician burnout, wellbeing, quality of patient care, and patient safety. By identifying actionable opportunities to develop and promote these skills amongst physicians, we can potentially enhance physician wellbeing and decrease burnout.
Analysis of propeller wake field and vortical structures using k−ω SST Method

Abstract CFD simulations are conducted to study the wake field behind a marine propeller in open water conditions at various advance coefficients. The local variables (velocity, pressure) and the wake structure characteristics are analyzed extensively using mean, Root Mean Square (RMS) and Fourier analysis of data. The integral variables (forces/moments) and their correlations with local variables are also investigated. Additionally, the iterative and grid verification studies are conducted to evaluate numerical uncertainty of the simulations. The results showed good agreement between the integral variables obtained by the simulations and those of experiments available in the literature, which confirmed the validity of the computational method employed in this work. Fourier analysis studies on integral variables showed that the rotation of the whole propeller determines the fluctuation of side forces at high J, while at low J, mostly rotation of individual blades affects the side forces. The local flow studies suggested strong correlation between the advance coefficient and the characteristics of vortical structures including their formations, trajectories, and stabilities.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Obliterative Pulmonary Vascular Disease in a Novel Model of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

OBJECTIVE Connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the second most common etiology of PAH and carries a poor prognosis. Recently, it has been shown that female human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-transgenic (Tg) mice die of cardiopulmonary disease by 6 months of age. This study was undertaken to characterize this pathophysiology and assess its potential as a novel model of CTD-PAH. METHODS Histologic analysis was performed on TNF-Tg and wild-type (WT) mice to characterize pulmonary vascular and right ventricular (RV) pathology (n = 40 [4-5 mice per group per time point]). Mice underwent right-sided heart catheterization (n = 29) and micro-computed tomographic angiography (n = 8) to assess vascular disease. Bone marrow chimeric mice (n = 12), and anti-TNF-treated mice versus placebo-treated mice (n = 12), were assessed. RNA sequencing was performed on mouse lung tissue (n = 6). RESULTS TNF-Tg mice displayed a pulmonary vasculopathy marked by collagen deposition (P < 0.001) and vascular occlusion (P < 0.001) with associated RV hypertrophy (P < 0.001) and severely increased RV systolic pressure (mean ± SD 75.1 ± 19.3 mm Hg versus 26.7 ± 1.7 mm Hg in WT animals; P < 0.0001). TNF-Tg mice had increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining, which corresponded to proliferation and loss of von Willebrand factor (vWF)-positive endothelial cells (P < 0.01). There was an increase in α-SMA-positive, vWF-positive cells (P < 0.01), implicating endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that mesenchymal but not bone marrow-derived cells are necessary to drive this process. Treatment with anti-TNF therapy halted the progression of disease. This pathology closely mimics human CTD-PAH, in which patient lungs demonstrate increased TNF signaling and significant similarities in genomic pathway dysregulation. CONCLUSION The TNF-Tg mouse represents a novel model of CTD-PAH, recapitulates key disease features, and can serve as a valuable tool for discovery and assessment of therapeutics.
Considerations in the evaluation and management of oral potentially malignant disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in society experiencing unprecedented challenges for health care practitioners and facilities serving at the frontlines of this pandemic. With regard to oral cancer, there is a complete absence of literature regarding the long-term impact of pandemics on patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The objective of this article is to put forth an institutional multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and management of OPMDs. METHODS: A multidisciplinary approach was put formalized within our institution to risk stratify patients based on need for in-person assessment vs telehealth assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: With judicious risk stratification of patients based on clinical features of their OPMD and with consideration of ongoing mitigation efforts and regional pandemic impact, providers are able to safely care for their patients. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has required health care practitioners to make novel decisions that are new to us with development of creative pathways of care that focused on patient safety, mitigation efforts, and clinical management of disease processes. The care of patients with OPMDs requires special considerations especially as patients at high risk for severe COVID-19 illness are also higher risk for the development of OPMDs.
Adolescent sleep characteristics and body-mass index in the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study.

Sleep may play a role in overweight and obesity in adolescents. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between sleep duration and timing and overweight and obesity status in adolescents, with a special emphasis on weekday–weekend difference in sleep characteristics as well as sex-specific relationships. We examined 1,254 U.S. adolescents (12–17 years) self-reported sleep duration, timing, weekday–weekend differences in duration and timing in relation to overweight and obesity. We found an inverse association between sleep duration and overweight and obesity. Compared to 8–9 h of sleep, short sleep (< 7 h) on weekdays was associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity [Odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.73 (1.00, 2.97)] in the overall population, while long sleep (10+ h) on weekends was associated with lower odds, but only in males [0.56 (0.34, 0.92)]. We also found that a larger weekday–weekend difference in sleep duration was associated with overweight and obesity in females, but not in males. Specifically, the odds of overweight and obesity were significantly higher among females reporting longer sleep on weekends than weekdays by ≥ 2 h [2.31 (1.15, 4.63)] when compared to those reporting little weekday–weekend differences. Sleep timing, or weekday–weekend differences in sleep timing, were not associated with overweight and obesity in the overall population, although we found suggestive evidence linking later weekend sleep with overweight and obesity in females. Our findings support a role of sleep in adolescent obesity and suggest sex-differences in this relationship that warrant future studies.
ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCIES: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Selected Problem Wounds

The use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) for the treatment of selected problem wounds has focused almost entirely on the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in recent years. The prevalence of DFUs in today's patient population and the reimbursement available for the treatment of DFUs have given it priority status in discussions about problem wounds, but there are sound fundamental reasons why additional oxygen may have benefits in the treatment of non-DFU wounds.
A proteolytic method for evaluating O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of similar molecular weight to antibody heavy chain after immunoprecipitation.

Abstract Investigating a protein of interest that runs at the same molecular weight as antibody heavy chain is a frequent deterrent to its evaluation by immunoprecipitation. Methods of minimizing the detection of the immunoprecipitating antibody are available. However, these still present a barrier to evaluating if intracellular proteins are modified by the O-GlcNAc post-translation protein modification due to interfering glycosylation on antibodies. IdeZ protease specifically cleaves antibody at the hinge region, allowing collapse of the antibody fragments to 25 kDa after denaturation. Thus, this proteolytic method uniquely allows evaluation of O-GlcNAcylation of proteins of interest formerly obscured by antibody heavy chain.
Block Credit Prior Learning Assessment Theory to Practice

An increasing number of universities have implemented prior learning assessment (PLA), but little research has examined the non-course matching approach referred to as block credit PLA. Adult learn...
The Buffering Effect of Intrinsic Value Orientation on the Relationship between Everyday Discrimination and Mental Health Symptoms among Hispanic/Latinx Undergraduates

Discrimination, as a psychosocial stressor functions as one pathway in reduced mental health among Hispanic/Latinx undergraduates. Intrinsic value orientation is associated with adaptive functionin...
What Can a Remote Access Hardware Trojan do to a Network-on-Chip?

Interconnection networks such as Network-on-Chips (NoCs) for multi/many-core processors are critical infrastructure of the system as they enable data communication among the processing cores, caches, memory, and other peripherals. Given the criticality of the interconnects, the system can be severely subverted if the interconnection is compromised. The threat of Hardware Trojans (HTs) penetrating complex hardware systems such as multi/many-core processors are increasing due to the increasing presence of third party players in a System-on-chip (SoC) design. Even by deploying naive HTs, an adversary can exploit the NoC backbone of the processor and get access to communication patterns in the system. In this paper, we discuss that one or more HTs embedded in the NoC of a multi/many-core processor is capable of leaking sensitive information regarding traffic patterns to an external malicious attacker; who, in turn, can analyze the HT payload data with advanced algorithms such as machine learning to infer the applications running on the processor or reverse engineer architectural Intellectual Property (IP) of the system. Here, we entertain the idea of using routing obfuscation to achieve a desired trade-off between defense against HTs and performance penalties. We also discuss the possibility of making this trade-off a tunable design parameter that can be adjusted at run-time based on external threat perception.
Alcoholic Hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Most often the diagnosis is suggested by a history of heavy alcohol excess in a patient with features of hepatic decompensation. In its purest form, AH is a histologic diagnosis of acute hepatic inflammation in response to alcohol. The primary objective of treatment for AH is to support long-term alcohol abstinence and to achieve adequate nutrition with lifestyle modification; goal setting and education are integral to long-term medical management. Severity at presentation (calculated by way of the Maddrey score) determines outcome. Patients with AH represent a heterogeneous group with regard to severity and pathogenesis, with various therapeutic interventions assessed in patients with severe AH. To date, corticosteroids have been studied most, and despite remaining controversial, warrant a place in the treatment of selected patients. Recent advances in unraveling the aspects of disease pathogenesis in AH have raised the possibility of targeted therapies, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonals and pentoxifylline. Orthotopic liver transplantation is not recommended for patients with severe acute AH, as most have an unclear long-term prognosis in the context of ongoing excess alcohol ingestion at presentation.
Optimal override policy for chemotherapy scheduling template via mixed-integer linear programming

Owing to treatment complexity in chemotherapy administration, nurses are usually required at the beginning, end, and at certain times during the treatment period to ensure high-quality infusion. It is, thus, critical for an outpatient chemotherapy unit to design a scheduling template that can effectively match nursing resources with treatment requirements. The template contains appointment slots of different lengths and thus allows schedulers to place patients into these slots according to the provider’s order. As the template is often used over a period of several months, there usually exists a mismatch between the daily patient mix and the fixed structure of the given template. Hence, override policies must be employed to adjust to demand. However, these policies are often manually performed by schedulers. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming model to systematically develop optimal override policies in place of the manual process to improve template utilization while maintaining template stability. Numerical experiments based on real-life data from a chemotherapy unit are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Future of Libraries

I KNEW THAT CHANGES were in the offing for libraries several years ago when I saw a little boy climb up on a stool in front of a computer terminal through which our online catalog could be accessed and, with great confidence, enter something on the keyboard. This was obviously quite natural for him; it wasn’t yet for some of our older clients.
Application of Price Gap and Adjustment Weights In Analyzing Import Quota

Government of an importing country limits its import size by imposing import tariff and quota. Given import quota, this paper finds formulae for the after quota price, domestic production and consumption sizes, deadweight losses, and for the quota rent all in terms of given quota and the three adjustment weights. Relative to free trade, an import quota does not fetch any welfare gain, rather results in dead-weight loss. This paper derives the lowest bound of an import quota that maximizes the quota rent net of total deadweight loss that an import quota results.
A fast object recognition system using object appearances

The paper presents a novel appearance-model based fast object recognition system. The speed is achieved by avoiding much of the image processing required for feature extraction and by compactly representing object models in a subspace. Raw images of an object are transformed into an object model in an eigenvector space after a simple process that compresses the data size using a low pass spatial filter along with an interpolation method. The validity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by a working model-airplane recognition system.
A look at the evolution of mathematical software for dense matrix problems over the past fifteen years

In this paper we look at the evolution which has taken place in the design of mathematical software for dense matrix problems. Our main emphasis is on algorithms for solving linear algebra problems where the software we develop would reside in a library on high-performance computers.
Fate of classical solitons in one-dimensional quantum systems

We study one-dimensional quantum systems near the classical limit described by the Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation. The excitations near this limit are the well-known solitons and phonons. The classical description breaks down at long wavelengths, where quantum effects become dominant. Focusing on the spectra of the elementary excitations, we describe analytically the entire classical-to-quantum crossover. We show that the ultimate quantum fate of the classical KdV excitations is to become fermionic particles and holes. We discuss in detail two exactly solvable models exhibiting such crossover, namely the Lieb-Liniger model of bosons with weak contact repulsion and the quantum Toda model. We argue that the results obtained for these models are universally applicable to all quantum one-dimensional systems with a well-defined classical limit described by the KdV equation.
Community College Research Center: Collaborative Research to Improve Student Success

This article presents three lessons from research by the Community College Research Center (CCRC) on strategies community colleges can use to improve completion rates while maintaining broad access and keeping costs low for students and taxpayers. I also identify two sets of data pointing to the potential returns to students and society that could be achieved from further reforms that lead to improved student outcomes. Finally, I discuss future research directions we at CCRC are pursuing as we seek to continue to help shape the community college improvement agenda.