cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluphenazine activity and antipsychotic response.

Plasma fluphenazine levels and plasma total neuroleptic activity (as quantitated by the neuroleptic receptor binding assay) were related to therapeutic response in 15 DSM-III schizophrenic patients who received a predetermined, fixed dose of fluphenazine for 14 days. Mean neuroleptic activity of the plasma was 84% greater than can be accounted for by the parent fluphenazine alone, and varied widely between patients. A sigmoidal relationship between total neuroleptic activity of plasma and response was found, with a continued plateau of response at higher total neuroleptic levels. Furthermore, the RBA data suggested (P<0.002) that two populations of drug-responsive schizophrenics exist which may be discriminated by the total D2 binding activity of plasma required for response.
Early Spay-Neuter in the Dog and Cat

Early spay-neuter refers to the surgical sterilization of 8- to 16-week-old animals. Anesthetic and surgical techniques for the dog and cat are described. Pros and cons of prepubertal gonadectomy are discussed, and the veterinary literature is reviewed.
Space-Time Microstructure and Singularity-Free Quantum Field Theory,"

It is shown that the dynamical consistency requirements of quantum field theory and the Lorentz-invariant character of particle kinematics and wave equations are compatible with the postulate that physical space is a complex manifold with Euclidean-Gaussian measure in the small. Such a postulate for the microstructure of space introduces a fundamental lengthλ(≲10−16 cm) and leads toΔ-functions that are analytic on the light-cone for a free field, and hence to self-energies and renormaiization constants that are finite for interacting fields.
Growth of small crystals of copper chalcogenide halides

Abstract Five chalcogenide halides of copper have been prepared in single crystalline form. CuClTe, CuBrTe, CuITe, CuClSe 2 , and CuBrSe 3 were synthesized by reaction in a temperature gradient. The single crystalline product was formed in the lower temperature region. The growth of these crystals from the vapor phase is believed to be a chemical transport process.
A Novel Bullet Hits the Proteasome

An elegant paper by Anchoori and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Cell describes an irreversible inhibitor of Rpn13, one of the ubiquitin receptors on the 26S proteasome that is nonessential for proteasome function in most normal tissues, but is overexpressed in many solid tumors.
Dopaminergic and glutamatergic blocking drugs differentially regulate glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in mouse brain

Abstract Dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs play an important role in regulating the activity of GABAergic neurons in basal ganglia. To understand more fully the biochemical interactions between these neurotransmitter systems, the effects of blocking dopamine and glutamate ( N- methyl- d -aspartate ) (NMDA) receptors on the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA were examined. Persistent blockade of dopamine receptors was achieved by daily injections of EEDQ, a relatively non-selective irreversible D 1 and D 2 dopamine receptor antagonist, or FNM, a relatively selective irreversible D 2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Persistent blockade of NMDA receptors was achieved by continuously infusing dizocilpine (MK-801), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. The levels of GAD mRNA in mouse brain were measured by in situ hybridization histochemistry following treatment with these agents. Repeated administration of EEDQ increased the levels of GAD mRNA in corpus striatum and frontal and parietal cortex; the first significant effects were seen after 4 days of treatment. Treatment with FNM elicited effects similar to those produced by EEDQ, except FNM also significantly increased GAD mRNA in nucleus accumbens. Neither EEDQ nor FNM produced significant effects on GAD mRNA in olfactory tubercle or septum. Infusion of MK-801 produced a rapid and marked decrease in the levels of GAD mRNA in corpus striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, septum and frontal and parietal cortex; significant changes were seen as early as 2 days of treatment. No significant effects were seen in globus pallidus. Cellular analysis of emulsion autoradiograms from corpus striatum revealed that MK-801 reduced the amount of GAD mRNA in individual cells as well as the proportion of cells expressing high levels of GAD mRNA. These results suggest that dopamine, though its interaction with D 2 dopamine receptors, exerts an inhibitory effect on the expression of GAD mRNA, and that glutamate, though its interaction with NMDA receptors, exerts a stimulatory effect on GAD mRNA expression. They show further that the regulation of gene expression by dopamine receptors or NMDA receptors is different in different regions of the brain.
Swine performance model for summer conditions.

The Missouri model was developed using swine performance data from three-way cross hogs fed a ration closely approximating National Research Council (1973) recommendations raised in confinement facilities at the Northeast Nebraska Experiment Station. The Missouri model was validated using independent data collected during the summers of 1977 and 1978 at the University of Missouri Swine Research Center. Weight gain predictions averaged 93 and 92% of measured gains and feed intake predictions were 112 and 107% of the measured feed consumption. These predictions were 45 and 61% better than those from the original model of Teter et al. (1973). To the extent that the Missouri and Nebraska swine data are representative of growing swine performance in typical commercial confinement facilities the Missouri model can be expected to predict average hog weight gain and feed consumption within 10% of actual performance in most well managed commercial confinement facilities during moderate and hot weather conditions. Weight gain and feed intake predictions can be expected to be accurate to within 15% for shorter term (2 week) predictions.
Cobaltacarborane-phthalocyanine conjugates: Syntheses and photophysical properties.

Abstract Syntheses of two new cobaltacarborane–phthalocyanine conjugates, one anionic (Pc 6 ) and one zwitterionic (Pc 7 ), were accomplished via cyclotetramerization of the corresponding cobaltacarborane-substituted phthalonitriles ( 4 or 5 ) with excess phthalonitrile in quinoline. X-ray structures of two phthalonitrile precursors ( 2 and 3 ) were obtained and are discussed, and the absorption and emission properties of the two cobaltacarborane–phthalocyanine conjugates in several solvents were investigated. The anionic conjugate 6 exists mainly as a monomer in polar organic solvents and has fluorescence quantum yields in the region 0.2–0.3. The zwitterionic conjugate 7 aggregates in solution and displays lower quantum yields ∼0.1 in organic solvents.
Preparation and properties of fluorine-doped Nd2CuO4−y superconductors

Abstract Details of the synthesis, characterization, and superconductivity of fluorine-doped Nd2CuO4−y are reported. Speculations are made on the likely substitutional site for fluorine and the possibilities of beneficially extending fluorination to other high-TC compounds.
Homoleptic Carbonyls of the Second-Row Transition Metals: Evaluation of Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory Methods.

The homoleptic mono- and multinuclear carbonyls for Mo, Tc, Ru, and Rh, namely, Mo(CO)6, Ru(CO)5, Tc2(CO)10, Ru3(CO)12, Rh4(CO)12, and Rh6(CO)16, are investigated theoretically by the Hartree−Fock method and three density functional theory (DFT) methods, i.e., BP86, B3LYP, and MPW1PW91, along with the SDD ECP basis sets. The results predicted by all the methods are basically in agreement with each other. The MPW1PW91 and BP86 methods predict geometric parameters and vibrational spectra, respectively, closest to the experimental values. For Ru3(CO)12 the relative energies of the D3h isomer with only terminal CO groups and the C2v isomer with two bridging CO groups are within 3 kcal/mol of each other with the lower energy isomer depending upon the computational method used. For Rh4(CO)12 the global minimum is predicted to have C3v symmetry, with three bridging and nine terminal carbonyls, in accord with experiment. The Rh6(CO)16 structure has Td symmetry and satisfies the Wade-Mingos rules for an octahedral...
Transitional Cell Carcinoma Involving the Prostate with a Proposed Staging Classification for Stromal Invasion

AbstractPurpose: We investigated the effect on survival of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic urethra, ducts and stroma, and determined the difference between prostatic stromal involvement occurring via direct extension through the bladder wall versus stromal invasion arising intraurethrally.Materials and Methods: Between August 1971 and December 1989, 489 men underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma, including 143 (29.2 percent) identified with prostate involvement by transitional cell carcinoma in the cystectomy specimen. Patients were separated into 2 groups: 1–19 in whom the primary bladder tumor extended full thickness through the bladder wall to invade the prostate (classified as P4a) and 2–124 in whom prostate involvement arose from within the prostatic urethra.Results: Five-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 25 and 21 percent, respectively, in group 1 versus 64 and 55 percent, respectively, in group 2. In the 124 patients in group 2 survival ...
Essential Effective Economics Education

Abstract Economic education in our public schools is thought to be essential for our survival in a democratic society; yet it has been widely neglected. Although 28 states mandate at least one semester of economics in the secondary curriculum, secondary students are not able to pass an economics literacy test. This is a serious omission if public education in America is supposed to be preparing an informed citizenry capable of making complex economic decisons as consumers, workers, and voters. This article documents the need for effective economic education in our public schools.
Mouse pox threat.

A News and Comment Briefing ("OSHA backs away from strict lab rules," 28 Nov. 1980, p. 992) incorrectly quoted a National Research Council report on safe handling of laboratory chemicals as saying, "For most laboratory environments, ... regular monitoring of the airborne concentrations of a variety of different toxic materials is both unjustified and unjust." The report actually said it was "unjustified and impractical."
Translations as inner derivations and associativity anomalies in open string field theory

Abstract We show that spacetime translations are inner derivations of Witten's star algebra for open bosonic string field theory. The connection between inner derivations and gauge transformations is discussed. This result is in conflict with the naive expectation that the string midpoint is fixed in the star algebra. The resolution of this apparent paradox involves an anomaly in associativity. This anomaly does not appear to disturb the consistency of the theory.
Release Study of Sulphamethoxazole Controlled by Swelling of Gelatin Nanoparticles and Drug‐Biopolymer Interaction

Gelatin (Type A) particles were prepared by a single W/O emulsion technique and characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis. Whereas the IR spectra clearly confirmed the presence of gelatin and sulphamethoxazole (SM) in the loaded nanoparticles, the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) image depicts smooth surface, spherical shape and uneven size of nanoparticles (100 to 300 nm). The nanoparticles were evaluated for their potential to act as a carrier of sulphamethoxazole drug. It was found that the amount of released SM increases with increasing percent loading of the drug in the range 18 to 39%. The chemical architecture of nanoparticles was also found to influence its drug‐releasing capacity. It was observed that in the case of an increase in gelatin and crosslinker (gluteraldehyde) concentrations in the range 4.0–9.0 g and 5.3–31.8 mM, respectively, the amount of released SM initially increases up to 8.0 g of gelatin and 10.6 mM of crosslinker co...
The CLEO detector

Abstract The construction and performance of a large aperture magnetic detector designed for use at the Cornell Electon Storage Ring is descr bed.
The neuropsychology of schizophrenic speech

Recent interest in the biological basis of schizophrenia has led to a reexamination of many symptomatic aspects of the disorder in terms of brain-behavioral models. Schizophrenic speech disturbances have traditionally been described in terms of a model of acquired aphasia. We review some of the limitations of this model and provide an alternative model for the study of some characteristics of schizophrenic speech based on neuropsychological theories of frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. The emphasis is placed on the study of productive errors noted in schizophrenic speech, most notably verbal perseverations. In a study of errors observed during a sample of 15 schizophrenics performance on a confrontation naming test, we were able to reliably identify and classify hierarchic categories of verbal perseverations occurring at both semantic and phonemic levels. These perseverations constituted 20% of the total errors. We argue that these perseverations represent a special case of executive dysfunction resulting from a disturbance of language monitoring mechanisms. We examine the implications of these findings for a hypothesis of schizophrenic speech disturbances in terms of frontal lobe dysfunction and the developmental neuropathological processes involved in the illness.
Brighter material on Deimos: A particle size effect in a carbonaceous material?

The values obtained for brightness ratios between contiguous bright and dark areas on Deimos from Viking Orbiter images, together with the lack of a significant wavelength dependence of these ratios in the 0.4-0.6-micron range, are presently noted to be consistent with particle size fraction measurements of the Murchison CM meteorite. These data, and a near-coincidence of Deimos absolute reflectances with those of laboratory samples, render the present data consistent with both brighter and darker materials on Deimos being akin to carbonaceous chondrites; the material with smaller average particle size is associated with the brighter patches.
Financial Support for Research Training and Career Development in Complementary and Alternative Medicine from the National Institutes of Health

Research careers are a relatively new reality for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners (eg, chiropractors, naturopaths, doctors of oriental medicine, etc). Before the establishment in 1998 of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) as part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), there were few funding resources available for those interested in a CAM research career and fewer still feasible paths. Now, however, NCCAM provides a broad array of research training and career development awards for those seeking a long-term career in CAM research. These awards include predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships, individual career development awards, and institutional training awards. The goal of this article is to provide information about current research training funding opportunities from NCCAM and NIH as a whole that are available to CAM practitioners in the context of the historical challenges of transitioning from a clinical career in CAM practice to a CAM research career.
Effective memory protection using dynamic tainting

Programs written in languages that provide direct access tomemory through pointers often contain memory-related faults, which may cause non-deterministic failures and even security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we present a new technique based on dynamic tainting for protecting programs from illegal memory accesses. When memory is allocated, at runtime, our technique taints both the memory and the corresponding pointer using the same taint mark. Taint marks are then suitably propagated while the program executes and are checked every time a memory address m is accessed through a pointer p; if the taint marks associated with mand p differ, the execution is stopped and the illegalaccess is reported. To allow for a low-overhead, hardware-assisted implementation of the approach, we make several key technical and engineering decisions in the definition of our technique. In particular, we use a configurable, low number of reusable taint marks instead of a unique mark for each area of memory allocated, which reduces the overhead of the approach without limiting its flexibility and ability to target most memory-related faults and attacks known to date. We also define the technique at the binary level, which lets us handle the (very) common case of applications that use third-party libraries whose source code is unavailable. To investigate the effectiveness and practicality of our approach, we implemented it for heap-allocated memory and performed a preliminary empirical study on a set of programs. Our results show that (1) our technique can identify a large class of memory-related faults, even when using only two unique taint marks, and (2)a hardware-assisted implementation of the technique could achieve overhead in the single digits
A laboratory method for investigating influences on switching attention to task-unrelated imagery and thought

Abstract Thought-intrusions, automatic inferences, and other unintended thought are beginning to play an important role in the study of psychiatric disease as well as normal thought processes. We examine one method for study of task-unrelated imagery and thought (TUIT). TUIT likelihood was shown to be reliably measured over a wide range of vigilance tasks, to have high short-term and long-term test-retest reliability, and to be sensitive to information processing demands. Likelihood of TUITs was shown to be different as a function of aging, hyperactivity, time of day, and level of depression. Thus, we now can reliably measure the influence of endogenous and exogenous influences on TUITs. In addition, TUIT measurement was proposed as a minimally interfering and natural second task for determining resource utilization in a primary task. Finally, this method was offered as a reliable approach to quantification of such mental states as obsessions and drug craving and addiction.
Synchronization Dynamics in Chaotic Diode Lasers with Rotated Optical Feedback and Injection

Experimental and theoretical investigations into a chaotic system of diode lasers with polarization-rotated optical feedback and injection demonstrate multiple synchronization solutions. The role of parameter mismatch is also considered.
Inhalation of Nebulized Perfluorochemical Enhances Recombinant Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Expression in Lung Epithelium

Use of perfluorochemical liquids during intratracheal vector administration enhances recombinant adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated lung epithelial gene expression. We hypothesized that inhalation of nebulized perfluorochemical vapor would also enhance epithelial gene expression after subsequent intratracheal vector administration. Freely breathing adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed for selected times to nebulized perflubron or sterile saline in a sealed Plexiglas chamber. Recombinant adenoviral vector was administered by transtracheal puncture at selected times afterward and mice were killed 3 days after vector administration to assess transgene expression. Mice tolerated the nebulized perflubron without obvious ill effects. Vector administration 6 hr after nebulized perflubron exposure resulted in an average 540% increase in gene expression in airway and alveolar epithelium, compared with that with vector alone or saline plus vector control (p<0.05). However, vector administration 1 hr, 1 day, or 3 days after perflubron exposure was not different from either nebulized saline with vector or vector alone and a 60-min exposure to nebulized perflubron is required. In parallel pilot studies in macaques, inhalation of nebulized perflubron enhanced recombinant AAV2/5 vector expression throughout the lung. Serial chest radiographs, bronchoalveolar lavages, and results of complete blood counts and serum biochemistries demonstrated no obvious adverse effects of nebulized perflubron. Further, one macaque receiving nebulized perflubron only was monitored for 1 year with no obvious adverse effects of exposure. These results demonstrate that inhalation of nebulized perflubron, a simple, clinically more feasible technique than intratracheal administration of liquid perflubron, safely enhances lung gene expression.
Exposing Mammon: Devotion to Money in a Market Society

: The recent financial crisis has exposed the extent to which the contemporary global economy is driven by credit. Yet credit is the obverse of debt, and where overspending threatens instability through an increasing debt spiral, austerity measures also threaten instability through reducing growth, also leading to an increasing debt spiral. Humanity is increasingly exposed to the force of money, which is created as debt with a given expiration date. Yet to place our credit or faith in the power of debt itself is to place faith in a world of shadows, in estimations of the value of things as perceived by others or market prices. Redemption from debt involves a restoration of our capacity to judge intrinsic values rather than mere prices.
The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) regulates prostate tumor growth

The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a promiscuous chemokine receptor that binds to members of the CXC chemokine family possessing angiogenic properties. The DARC is expressed on erythrocytes and endothelial cells and is required for Plasmodium vivax infection of erythrocytes. Approximately 70% of African-Americans lack erythrocyte expression of the DARC as a genetic mechanism of protection against malaria infection. African-American men have a 60% greater incidence of prostate cancer and a 2-fold higher mortality rate than Caucasian men. Using a transgenic model of prostate cancer with DARC-deficient mice, we tested the hypothesis that lack of DARC expression on erythrocytes contributes to enhanced prostate tumor growth. In vitro, erythrocytes from wild-type mice but not DARC-deficient mice cleared angiogenic chemokines produced by prostate cancer cells and reduced endothelial cell chemotaxis. In vivo, tumors from DARC-deficient mice had higher intra-tumor concentrations of angiogenic chemokines, increased tumor vessel density, and greatly augmented prostate tumor growth. The data suggest that the DARC functions to clear angiogenic CXC chemokines from the prostate tumor microcirculation and that the lack of erythroid DARC, as occurs in the majority of African-Americans, may be a contributing factor to the increased mortality to prostate cancer in this population.
Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid) Equivalent to Prednisolone (Glucocorticoid) in Reversing Hearing Loss in MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr Autoimmune Mice

Hypothesis: Although the glucocorticoid prednisone is the standard therapy for autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, what this hormone does in the ear to restore hearing is not known. MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr autoimmune mice consistently have shown only stria vascularis disease, implying that abnormal ion balances in the endolymph underlie cochlear dysfunction. Previously we have shown that hearing loss in these mice is reversed with prednisolone treatment. This, coupled with the complete lack of cochlear inflammation, suggests that the restoration of hearing with prednisolone is due to its sodium transport function and not to its anti-inflammatory or immune suppression effects. Therefore the hypothesis of this study was that the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, which only increases sodium transport, would be as effective as prednisolone in reversing autoimmune hearing loss. Study Design: MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr autoimmune mice were treated with either prednisolone or aldosterone to compare steroid effects on auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds and stria morphology. Methods: After baseline ABR audiometry, autoimmune mice were given prednisolone (5 mg/kg per day), aldosterone (15 μg/kg per day), or water in their drinking bottles. After 2 months of treatment the ABR thresholds were remeasured, and ears collected for histological examination. Results: The untreated controls showed continued elevation of ABR thresholds and edematous stria. However, thresholds in most steroid mice were improved or unchanged and their stria morphology improved, particularly with aldosterone treatment. Conclusions: Restoration of hearing with steroid treatment is due to increased sodium transport to re-establish cochlear ionic balances. Aldosterone therapy may offer advantages over prednisone for long-term management of not only autoimmune hearing loss, but also other forms of nonimmune-related deafness for which steroids are currently prescribed.
In situ Raman microscopy during discharge of a high capacity silicon–carbon composite Li-ion battery negative electrode

Abstract In situ Raman microscopy study has been performed in order to characterize the surface of the Si/C composite anode and also to monitor the alloying/dealloying behavior of Si/C with Li ion during electrochemical discharging/charging processes at a microscopic level. This study shows that the Si particles are covered by graphite and hard carbon, with demonstration of further evidence of amorphisation of silicon and presence of mixed phases of Li–Si.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Crinine. Use of Tandem Cationic Aza-Cope Rearrangement/Mannich Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids†‡

The total synthesis of enantiomerically pure (−)-crinine (1) in 10 steps and 6% overall yield from cyclopentene oxide is reported. The key step was the rearrangement of 7 upon reaction with AgNO3 at 25°C to give cis-perhydroindolone 8 in 81% yield.
High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy Using Germanium Microcalorimeters

We are developing cryogenically-cooled microcalorimeters for high resolution x-ray spectroscopy. Using neutron transmutation-doped (NTD) germanium thermistors as the x-ray absorber, we have achieved an energy resolution of 70 eV at a temperature of 0.3 K. There is strong evidence for incomplete conversion of x-ray energy into thermal energy when the photon is absorbed in the bulk of the NTD germanium. We believe that the nonthermal energy component manifests as ionization, none of which is converted to thermal energy within the measurement time of the system. As in an ionization detector, the division between ionization and thermal energy is statistically uncertain and leads to a lower limit to the energy resolution measured using either the thermal or ionization signal. Complete conversion to thermal energy with no loss to ionization appears to occur when the x-ray is absorbed by the metallic contacts. This will be discussed in the context of our most recent 0.3 K experiments.
Calculation of configurational changes in nonrandom solid solutions due to deformation

Abstract The changes in nonrandom solid solutions as represented by changes in the Warren alphas are exactly defined by a set of differential equations when known slip systems operate macroscopically homogeneously. Numerical solutions show that deformation leads to significant anisotropy which is dependent upon the particular combination of operative slip systems in agreement with the previously known magnetic behavior of Ni-Fe alloys.
Aortic valve regurgitation with aorto-right ventricular fistula following penetrating cardiac injury

Aortic valve perforation due to a penetrating cardiac injury is extremely rare, especially with an associated shunt between the right ventricle and the aortic valve. We report here the case of an 18-year-old male, who after suffering a chest stab injury, was seen at another institution where he underwent an emergency left anterolateral thoracotomy and right ventricular suture. During the following 30 days, his course was torpid, complicated by a ventilator-associated pneumonia and heart failure with acute pulmonary edema. Workup confirmed the presence of an acute aortic regurgitation due to perforation of the right coronary leaflet with an interventricular shunt. After implementing appropriate medical treatment, the valve was replaced with a mechanical prosthesis and the shunt was closed with an autologous pericardial patch.
Pharmacology of ACC-9653 (phenytoin prodrug).

ACC-9653, the disodium phosphate ester of 3-hydroxymethyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin, is a prodrug of phenytoin with advantageous physicochemical properties. ACC-9653 is rapidly converted enzymatically to phenytoin in vivo. ACC-9653 and phenytoin sodium have equivalent anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) in mice following i.p., oral, or i.v. administration. The ED50 doses were 16 mg/kg for i.v. ACC-9653 and 8 mg/kg for i.v. phenytoin sodium. ACC-9653 and phenytoin sodium have similar antiarrhythmic activity against ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia in anesthetized dogs. The total doses of ACC-9653 or phenytoin sodium necessary to convert the arrhythmia to a normal sinus rhythm were 24 +/- 6 and 14 +/- 3 mg/kg, respectively. Only phenytoin sodium displayed in vitro antiarrhythmic activity against strophanthidin-induced arrhythmias in guinea pig right atria. In anesthetized dogs, a high dose of ACC-9653 (31 mg/kg) was infused over 15, 20, and 30 min and the responses were compared to an equimolar dose of phenytoin sodium (21 mg/kg). The ACC-9653 and phenytoin sodium treatments produced similar marked reductions in diastolic blood pressure and contractile force (LVdP/dt). The maximum effects of each treatment occurred at the time of maximum phenytoin sodium levels. Acute toxicity studies of ACC-9653 and phenytoin sodium were carried out in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs by i.v., i.m., and i.p. routes of administration. The systemic toxic signs of both agents were similar and occurred at approximately equivalent doses. Importantly, the local irritation of ACC-9653 was markedly less than phenytoin sodium following i.m. administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comprehensive treatment of late-onset tibia vara.

Background: Late-onset tibia vara (Blount disease) can be difficult to treat because of frequent morbid obesity and associated deformities, including distal femoral varus, proximal tibial procurvatum, and distal tibial valgus, that contribute to lower extremity malalignment. We present a comprehensive approach that addresses all components of the deformity and allows restoration of the anatomic and mechanical axes. Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients (nineteen lower extremities) with late-onset tibia vara were managed with this comprehensive approach. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 14.9 years, and the mean weight was 113 kg. Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were made preoperatively and at the time of the final follow-up. Preoperatively, the mean mechanical axis deviation was 108 mm, the mean lateral distal femoral angle was 95°, and the mean mechanical medial proximal tibial angle was 71°. In all nineteen extremities, the proximal tibial varus deformity was corrected by means of a valgus osteotomy and application of an Ilizarov ring external fixator. Distal femoral varus was corrected by means of either hemiepiphyseal stapling or valgus osteotomy with blade-plate fixation in thirteen of the nineteen extremities. Distal tibial valgus was treated either with hemiepiphyseal stapling or with varus osteotomy and gradual correction with use of the Ilizarov external fixator in eleven of the nineteen extremities. Results: After a mean duration of follow-up of 5.0 years, the mean mechanical axis deviation had improved to 1 mm (range, 20 to -30 mm), the lateral distal femoral angle had improved to 87° (range, 83° to 98°), and the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle had improved to 88° (range, 83° to 98°). The mean time required for correction of the proximal tibial varus deformity was thirty-one days, and the external fixator was removed at a mean of 4.5 months postoperatively. All patients had development of one or more superficial pin-track infections (mean, 1.9 pin-site infections per patient). No wound infections, nonunions, or neurovascular complications occurred. Eighteen of the nineteen extremities were pain-free at the time of the final follow-up. Conclusions: This comprehensive approach allowed restoration of the mechanical and anatomic axes of the lower extremity in patients with late-onset tibia vara, resulting in a resolution of symptoms as a result of normalization of the weight-bearing forces across the knee and ankle. We believe that this approach will decrease the risk of early degenerative arthritis of the knee. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sustained anti-staphylococcal effect of lysostaphin in the rabbit aqueous humor.

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of ocular infections including endophthalmitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a relatively large molecule, such as lysostaphin, to remain in the rabbit aqueous humor for extended periods while retaining its bactericidal activity.Methods: Lysostaphin, gatifloxacin, or Tris-buffered saline (TBS) was injected into the rabbit anterior chamber. Aqueous humor was sampled at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after injection, and then assayed for bactericidal activity against S. aureus. The anterior chamber of treated eyes was also challenged 2 days after treatment by an infection of S. aureus. The surviving bacteria were quantified to determine bactericidal effectiveness in the anterior chamber. The aqueous humor of lysostaphin injected eyes was assayed by western blot for the presence of the molecule 2 days post-injection.Results: The bactericidal activity of lysostaphin was confirmed by lysis of S. aureus and sensitivity to zinc. Eyes inje...
Managing Bipolar Disorder during Pregnancy: Weighing the Risks and Benefits:

Background:Challenges for the clinical management of bipolar disorder (BD) during pregnancy are multiple and complex and include competing risks to mother and offspring.Method:We reviewed recent research findings on the course of BD during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as reproductive safety data on the major mood stabilizers.Results:Pregnancy, and especially the postpartum period, are associated with a high risk for recurrence of BD. This risk appears to be limited by mood-stabilizing treatments and markedly increased by the abrupt discontinuation of such treatments. However, drugs used to treat or protect against recurrences of BD vary markedly in teratogenic potential: there are low risks with typical neuroleptics, moderate risks with lithium, higher risks with older anticonvulsants such as valproic acid and carbamazepine, and virtually unknown risks with other newer-generation anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics (ATPs).Conclusions:Clinical management of BD through pregnancy and postpartum ...
Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of a Splenic Metastasis

Effective local ablation of large tumors with radiofrequency has been made possible by recent advancements. Tumor ablation with radiofrequency has been described mainly in the liver, but also recently in the kidney, adrenal gland, lung, and breast. A rapidly growing splenic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma was effectively treated percutaneously, with US guidance. Focal splenic disease may not be a common indication for ablation; however, further work is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this procedure in this setting.
Unique Morphological Variations of Transient Midventricular Syndrome: A Case Series-Review

Older individuals (especially women) enduring an inciting emotional or physical event are prone to developing left ventricular ballooning syndrome. Ballooning of apical distribution is the most common type. However, a midventricular variant is increasingly reported. As this variant becomes further delineated, we describe a case series in which various morphological patterns of midleft ventricular segments are seen. Each case involves a female patient with a presumptive diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, who upon further cardiac workup demonstrated normal epicardial coronary blood flow. Subsequent cardiac imaging, including transthoracic echocardiography, revealed unique midventricular dilation and akinesis, with preserved or hypercontractility of the basal and apical segments. However, more unique to this, was the fact that the left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities were of either “symmetric” ballooning morphology, involving all mid segments of the left ventricle; or more dramatically, “asymmetric” ballooning morphology, which involves abnormal regional motion of only a focal left ventricular wall. Furthermore, we review current literature on midventricular ballooning and propose likely mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies in the face of potential complications of midventricular ballooning syndrome.
Multiobjective MPPT/charging controller for standalone PV power systems under different insolation and load conditions

This paper presents a novel multiobjective control algorithm for standalone PV power systems that can track the maximum power point of the solar array while limiting the charging/discharging current and voltage of the battery under different insolation and load conditions. A state machine model of the multiobjective control algorithm is described. The large-signal stability of the system is analyzed. The controller design is verified by numerical simulation in the virtual test bed (VTB) environment for orbital and land-based applications. Simulation results show that the control strategy is robust and demonstrates that the power converter can be appropriately regulated to meet multiple objectives required by standalone PV power systems.
AlN/GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors Grown via Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy using GaN Insertion Layers

Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) are an important component of various optoelectronic devices for ultra violet and visible wavelengths. In the III-Nitride material system, Aluminum Nitride (AlN) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) offer a large contrast in refractive index and are therefore well suited for fabricating DBRs with high reflectivity and wide bandwidths using relatively few periods. However, the large lattice and thermal mismatch leads to cracking in these heterostructures. In this work short period superlattice layers have been used to fabricate high reflectivity (> 94%) nitride based DBRs via Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy. Short period AlN/GaN superlattices containing three to four monolayers of GaN have been employed as the low refractive index layer in DBRs to minimize cracking. Using this technique, crack-free DBRs reflecting from 440-475 nm with up to 25 periods have been fabricated. The technique has been proven to be versatile and resulted in large area yield DBRs grown on a variety of different sapphire substrates.
The effect of low-pass filtering of the digital frequencies in quantized speech

Monosyllabic words were sampled (time-quantized) at a rate of 20 kHz. The signal was then converted into a trilevel waveform, that is, amplitude-quantized to either a 5 V, -5V, or a 0 V (squelch) level. Digital low-pass filtering was accomplished by reducing any positive or negative wave to 0 V if it has N or fewer quantizing intervals (50 mu s) in it. The effects of three low-pass filtering conditions (N equal to 1, 2, and 3) were compared to those of no filtering. The percentage of words correctly perceived was 29% for the no-filtering condition and 21%, 15%, and 9%, respectively for N=1, 2, and 3. >
The effects of climate change on species composition, succession and phenology: a case study

Climate change and its role in altering biological interactions and the likelihood of invasion by introduced species in marine systems have received increased attention in recent years. It is difficult to forecast how climate change will influence community function or the probability of invasion as it alters multiple marine environmental parameters including rising water temperature, lower salinity and pH. In the present study, we correlate changes in environmental parameters to shifts in species composition in a subtidal community in Newcastle, NH through comparison of two, 3-year periods separated by 23 years (1979–1981 and 2003–2005). We observed concurrent shifts in climate related factors and in groups of organisms that dominate the marine community when comparing 1979–1981 to 2003–2005. The 1979–1981 community was dominated by perennial species (mussels and barnacles). In contrast, the 2003–2005 community was dominated by annual native and invasive tunicates (sea-squirts). We also observed a shift in the environmental factors that characterized both communities. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate characterized the 1979–1981 community while sea surface temperature, pH, and chlorophyll a characterized the 2003–2005 community. Elongated warmer water temperatures, through the fall and early winter months of the 2000s, extended the growing season of native organisms and facilitated local dominance of invasive species. Additionally, beta-diversity was greater between 2003–2005 than 1979–1981 and driven by larger numbers of annual species whose life-history characteristics (e.g., timing and magnitude of recruitment, growth and mortality) are driven by environmental parameters, particularly temperature.
Pell–Fibonacci Hybridities

The Pell and Fibonacci families coexist in perfect harmony, and share a number of charming properties. In this chapter we will study a number of their bridging relationships.
Teaching a Combined Course on Grief and Bereavement for BSW and MSW Students: Strategies, Content, and Evaluation.

Abstract This paper will address the development and offering of two combined (BSW and MSW) courses in Grief and Bereavement. This is a description of the purposes, educational units, and assignments for both courses. In addition, there is discussion of the learning environment to include educational strategies to promote both didactic and experiential learning and to differentiate learning opportunities for BSWandMSW students. Finally, there is an analysis of the findings of the student evaluations and a discussion of implications for teaching this subject.
New Fiscal Crisis Looming for the U.S.

An assessment is presented of whether Greece’s current plight is a harbinger of similar adverse conditions likely to directly impact the United States in the intermediate- to long-term future.Long-term deficits projected for 2020 and beyond, under the assumption that the economy is in full employment, are the source of major concern. The 2007-09 recession and associated stimulus programs are not seen as an important factor contributing to the long-term fiscal problem. However, as a result of the government’s intervention in the bank crisis and the current fragile recovery from the recession, investors believe there is a palpable risk of default for U.S. debt securities. If global investors begin to demand higher yields on Treasury notes and bonds to compensate them for the higher risk of a U.S. default, U.S. borrowing costs would markedly increase, worsening projected deficits.Analysis of foreign governments’ holdings of U.S. debt suggests China might be the first major past purchaser of U.S. debt which is deliberately reducing its holdings.After considering other developments, it then seems manifestly clear that benign acceptance of continued growth of long-term structural deficits represents a non-sustainable strategy. A combination of government-imposed tax increases and sustained cuts in non-interest government spending, most likely in entitlement programs, appears to be mandated.Thirty-one charts accompany the paper.
Setting optimal production lot sizes and planned lead times in a job shop

In this research, we model a job shop that produces a set of discrete parts in a make-to-stock setting. The intent of the research is to develop a planning model to determine the optimal tactical policies that minimise the relevant manufacturing costs subject to workload variability and capacity limits. We consider two tactical decisions, namely the production lot size for each part and the planned lead time for each work station. We model the relevant manufacturing costs, entailing production overtime costs and inventory-related costs, as functions of these tactical decisions. We formulate a non-linear optimisation model and implement it in the Excel spreadsheet. We test the model with actual factory data from our research sponsor. The results are consistent with our intuition and demonstrate the potential value from jointly optimising over these tactical policies.
The core proteins A2 and B1 exist as (A2)3B1 tetramers in 40S nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles.

The six "core" proteins of HeLa cell 40S nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNP particles) package 700-nucleotide lengths of pre-mRNA into a repeating array of regular particles. We have previously shown that the C proteins exist as anisotropic tetramers of (C1)3C2 in 40S hnRNP particles and that each particle probably contains three such tetramers. We report here that proteins A2 and B1 also exist in monoparticles as (A2)3B1 tetramers and that each monoparticle contains at least three such tetramers. Proteins A2 and B1 dissociate from isolated monoparticles as a stable tetramer upon nuclease digestion. In low-salt gradients, the tetramers sediment at 6.8S, which is consistent with a mass of 145 kDa. In 200 mM salt, the concentration which dissociates these proteins from RNA, only 4.2S dimers exist in solution. Tetramers of (A2)3B1 possess the ability to package multiples of 700 nucleotides of RNA in vitro into an array of regular, 22.5-nm 43S particles. Unlike the in vitro assembly of intact 40S hnRNP, the (A2)3B1 tetramers assemble by means of a highly cooperative process. These findings indicate that the (A2)3B1 tetramers play a major role in hnRNP assembly and they further support the contention that 40S monoparticles are regular structures composed of three copies of three different tetramers, i.e., 3[(A1)3B2, (A2)3B1, (C1)3C2].
Design and Simulation of Strategy for Dual In-wheel Motors' Coordinated Control

In order to achieve the coordinated control of dual in-wheel motors,the paper analyzed a movement equation for driven system,established the mathematical model of in-wheel motor,and presented a parallel PI control strategy for the sum and the difference of rotational speeds.At last a system simulation employing Matlab has been done.The simulation results show that: In the constant speed control,the increase speed of in-wheel motors is accelerated,the overshoot amount is reduced,and the time for adjustment is shortened;In the differential speed control,one-way in-wheel motor achieves a smooth acceleration and deceleration according to the programmer.The control system has strong anti-interference capability.The control strategy is simple,has small amount of computing and good control effect,so it has a theoretical and project value.
Neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Long-term followup

AbstractA total of 26 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer received chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine. Radical cystectomy was performed in 24 of 26 patients (92%) receiving neoadjuvant therapy, with a pathological complete response in 6 (23%) and pathological partial response in 1 (4%) for an overall response rate of 35% (95% confidence limits 17 to 56%). The overall median survival time is currently undefined. Of the patients 15 (58%) are alive with a median followup of 48.6 months. Response rates from this neoadjuvant chemotherapy appear to be similar to those reported with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin, and may represent a therapeutically equivalent regimen but neither may be curative in the majority of the patients.