cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fingerprinting Edge and Cloud Services in IoT

Today, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, web browsers, phones, and even cars may be fingerprinted for tracking, and their connections routed through or to malicious entities. When IoT devices interact with a remote service, the integrity or authentication of that service is not guaranteed. IoT and other edge devices could be subject to man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attacks, with IoT devices attempting to connect to remote services. It is also straight-forward to use phishing or pharming to convince a user to accept a connection to a potentially malicious unfamiliar device. These risks could be mitigated by leveraging information on the edge of the network about the path to and destination of a connection. In this work we sample packets, then use packet analysis and local history to identify risky or suspicious connections. In contrast to other machine learning and big data approaches, the use of local data enables risk detection without loss of privacy.
Vascular Inflammation Is a Risk Factor Associated with Brain Atrophy and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction Systemic inflammation with elevated oxidative stress causing neuroinflammation is considered a major factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The interface between systemic circulation and the brain parenchyma is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which also plays a role in maintaining neurovascular homeostasis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate brain vessel endothelial function, neoangiogenesis, and, in turn, neuronal homeostasis regulation, such that their dysregulation can result in neurodegeneration, such as gray matter atrophy, in PD. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the associations among specific levels of gray matter atrophy, peripheral vascular adhesion molecules, miRNAs, and clinical disease severity in order to achieve a clearer understanding of PD pathogenesis. Methods Blood samples were collected from 33 patients with PD and 27 healthy volunteers, and the levels of VCAM-1 and several miRNAs in those samples were measured. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was performed using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping software program). The associations among the vascular parameter, miRNAs, gray matter volume, and clinical disease severity measurements were evaluated by partial correlation analysis. Results The levels of VCAM-1, miRNA-22, and miRNA-29a expression were significantly elevated in the PD patients. The gray matter volume atrophy in the left parahippocampus, bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, left temporal gyrus, and cerebellum was significantly correlated with increased clinical disease severity, the upregulation of miRNA levels, and increased vascular inflammation. Conclusion Patients with PD seem to have abnormal levels of vascular inflammatory markers and miRNAs in the peripheral circulation, and these levels are correlated with specific brain volume changes. This study reinforces the associations among peripheral inflammation, the BBB interface, and gray matter atrophy in PD and further demonstrates that BBB dysfunction with neurovascular impairment may play an important role in PD progression.
Structural basis for heme-dependent NCoR binding to the transcriptional repressor REV-ERBβ

Heme is the endogenous ligand for the constitutively repressive REV-ERB nuclear receptors, REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2), but how heme regulates REV-ERB activity remains unclear. Cellular studies indicate that heme is required for the REV-ERBs to bind the corepressor NCoR and repress transcription. However, fluorescence-based biochemical assays suggest that heme displaces NCoR; here, we show that this is due to a heme-dependent artifact. Using ITC and NMR spectroscopy, we show that heme binding remodels the thermodynamic interaction profile of NCoR receptor interaction domain (RID) binding to REV-ERBβ ligand-binding domain (LBD). We solved two crystal structures of REV-ERBβ LBD cobound to heme and NCoR peptides, revealing the heme-dependent NCoR binding mode. ITC and chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry reveals a 2:1 LBD:RID stoichiometry, consistent with cellular studies showing that NCoR-dependent repression of REV-ERB transcription occurs on dimeric DNA response elements. Our findings should facilitate renewed progress toward understanding heme-dependent REV-ERB activity.
Challenges in Bridge Health Monitoring: A Review

Bridge health monitoring is increasingly relevant for the maintenance of existing structures or new structures with innovative concepts that require validation of design predictions. In the United States there are more than 600,000 highway bridges. Nearly half of them (46.4%) are rated as fair while about 1 out of 13 (7.6%) is rated in poor condition. As such, the United States is one of those countries in which bridge health monitoring systems are installed in order to complement conventional periodic nondestructive inspections. This paper reviews the challenges associated with bridge health monitoring related to the detection of specific bridge characteristics that may be indicators of anomalous behavior. The methods used to detect loss of stiffness, time-dependent and temperature-dependent deformations, fatigue, corrosion, and scour are discussed. Owing to the extent of the existing scientific literature, this review focuses on systems installed in U.S. bridges over the last 20 years. These are all major factors that contribute to long-term degradation of bridges. Issues related to wireless sensor drifts are discussed as well. The scope of the paper is to help newcomers, practitioners, and researchers at navigating the many methodologies that have been proposed and developed in order to identify damage using data collected from sensors installed in real structures.
Characteristics of the social network of bike share members in New York City

Abstract Background Bike share has been hypothesized to be a phenomenon of social contagion. The current study describes the features of the social network of annual subscribers of the Citi Bike share system in NYC and the characteristics of those who ever took a trip with another member. Methods Associations comparing members who rode with others (social) to those who rode alone (non-social) on selected study variables were examined. Social network analysis was performed to examine characteristics of the network of Citi Bike members. A social trip was determined based on start and end trip time and station locations. Results There were 241,340 active Citi Bike members with at least 365 days of membership between May 13, 2013 and December 31, 2018. Those who had taken at least one social trip (n = 139,302, 57.7%) were more likely to be older; have higher household income; have ridden a bike in NYC 12 months before membership; not own a car; self-report as physically active; self-report good health; live in a ZCTA with a Citi Bike station; and list primary reasons for membership as a faster way to get around town or as friends and family joining. Those who never took a social trip were more likely to have requested safety tips from Citi Bike; and to report their primary reason for membership as an alternative to public transportation, personal health and fitness, or support for the program. The social network of Citi Bike members was composed of 139,302 members with 164,735 unique connections to other members. The average number of connections per social member was 2.4 and the maximum was 66. The network was not very dense or well connected with 19,809 subnetworks. Conclusion Social members differed from non-social members in several ways. Understanding the characteristics of key network members could play a part in promoting and encouraging bike share usage. In particular, organized social trips could increase bike share usage among women.
Developing a Comprehensive Patent Related Information Retrieval Tool

In recent years, there has been a massive growth of regulatory and related information available online. This information is distributed across many different domains creating a problem for accessing and managing this data. This paper proposes a framework to access information across two such domains – patents and court cases. The framework is designed to boost the value of a set of patents based on information available in court cases by identifying and cross-referencing mutual information in the two domains. We test our framework by constructing a use case involving the hormone erythropoietin. A corpus of 1150 patents (including 135 closely related patents) and 30 court cases is gathered. Challenges associated with such integration and future plans are briefly discussed.
COMPETITIVE RESTRAINTS ON AIR TRAVEL: GROUND MODES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

The history of air transportation is reviewed by reference to a series of diagrams illustrating the marked increase in air travel over the last 40 years because of the large increases in speed and comfort obtained with ever decreasing costs. Information derived from a national travel survey in the United States is used to discuss US intercity modal split, and it is suggested that a detailed evaluation of the competitive characteristics by transportation modes - automobile, air, bus and rail must accept that access and egress times and costs vary in every community. In this paper the author compares modes on the basis of block times versus range, ignoring the access and egress time and costs, indicating that errors may thus arise for short range, but become of much less importance for long range. Ground modes are assumed to require 15 per cent longer actual distances than air transport to cover the same point to point distance and all cost data are based on or corrected to U.S. 1974 airline costs. Future transport aircraft development is reviewed, and comparisons drawn with improved passenger trains, track levitated systems, buses and automobiles. Information on speed and fares indicates that as ranges increase beyond 200 to 300 statute miles that the air mode becomes increasingly preferable both in speed and cost. However, it is considered that the private automobile will continue to be the most important travel mode at short ranges, and a significant mode even at ranges up to 2000 miles. /TRRL/
On Linear Differences Curves

This work discusses the geometrical properties of the curves which are drawn by connecting the points which are generated by the following iteration: P(n) = TP(n−l), where T is a 2×2 matrix. This iteration may be implemented efficiently by both, hardware and software. It is shown that by proper choice of the matrix T, the iteration can a generate any conic, generalized parabola (y = kxα, for any α) spirals and some other curves. A necessary and sufficient condition for generating conics is proved to be det(T) = 1. The curve classification according to the given matrix T, is also discussed. The paper is followed by examples, photographed from a software simulation of the iteration.
Intrarenal heterogeneity. The case for two functionally dissimilar populations of nephrons in the mammalian kidney.

Abstract In the past few years evidence has established that the rat kidney has at least two functionally dissimilar groups of nephrons, corresponding to known anatomic differences: the superficial nephron, comprising the bulk of nephrons in most species; and the juxtamedullary nephron, constituting the remainder. The filtration rate, the composition of tubule fluid in Henle's loop, the response to acute and chronic salt loads, and the effect of chronic hypertension have been shown to differ between the two kinds of nephrons. It may be useful to bear in mind the concept of two nephron populations in the study of renal disease, since certain diseases have been observed by morphologists to have a predilection for specific anatomic regions within the kidney. Interpreting function with an eye to underlying structure may prove as rewarding today as it was to William Bowman 131 years ago.
Phase-shifted PWM full-bridge DC-DC converters for automotive applications: reduction of ringing voltages

This work analyzes two solutions for ringing voltage problems occurring in the output voltage of a zero-voltage and zero-current switching phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation full-bridge DC-DC converter intended for automotive applications. An RCD snubber and an active snubber (thereafter called "modified flyback converter" since it includes a flyback converter to provide an additional power supply) are designed to reduce the ringing voltage caused by mainly the interaction among the transformer leakage inductance and circuit parasitic capacitances. This converter with the RCD snubber and the modified flyback converter has efficiencies of 91 % and 92 %, respectively, at 42-V 1-kW full load. The converter without any snubber has a lower efficiency of 88.7 %. Experimental and simulation results are shown to complement the theoretical analysis.
What Would Predatory Pricing Law Be Without John McGee? A Reply to Professor Leslie

In his 2012 article, “Revisiting the Revisionist History of Standard Oil”, Christopher Leslie takes issue with John McGee’s work on predatory pricing and its influence on antitrust law and scholarship. Leslie claims McGee’s analysis was methodologically flawed, ideologically motivated, but ultimately successful in “distorting” predatory pricing law by persuading courts to adopt a standard too permissive of anticompetitive predation. Holding aside the specific methodological critique of McGee’s analysis, in this paper I demonstrate that Leslie’s claim that McGee distorted predation law fails for a number of reasons. The most fundamental reason is that Leslie does not consider the likely counterfactual antitrust world without McGee’s analysis. Specifically, Leslie does not consider the very likely alternative explanation for the decline in plaintiffs’ success in predation cases - namely, Phillip Areeda and Donald Turner’s seminal 1975 analysis. Whether debates continue within the economics literature regarding the details of McGee’s contribution to our understanding of predatory pricing theory and the Standard Oil saga, there is scant evidence supporting Leslie’s primary claim that McGee has had a distorting influence that has induced courts to adopt permissive attitudes toward anticompetitive predation. Nor is there evidence in the economics literature supporting Leslie’s ancillary claim that current law underdeters anticompetitive predation. A proper understanding of the intellectual foundations of modern predation doctrine reveals a doctrine far more stable and durable than Leslie implies.
Bidding behavior in first price sealed bid auctions: Use of computerized Nash competitors

Abstract Results are reported from a series of first price sealed bid auctions where bidders face computerized Nash equilibrium competitors. The results provide strong support for employing this newly developed methodology as a testing procedure for Nash equilibrium bidding models.
Rare earth separations using cation-exchange column chromatography

Abstract Separations of several adjacent rare earth pairs were investigated in order to compare the effectiveness of two eluting agents: α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (αHIBA) and α-hydroxy-α-methylbutyric acid (αHαMBA). The latter was found to be superior
The Enzymes of the Galactose Operon in Escherichia coli III. THE SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF GALACTOKINASE

Abstract The structure of the galactokinase in Escherichia coli has been analyzed with the aim of defining the size of its structural gene. To that end the molecular weight, amino acid composition, number of tryptic peptides, and amino-terminal residues of this protein were determined. The results indicate that this galactokinase consists of one polypeptide chain containing 368 residues, and hence that its structural gene contains about 1100 base pairs.
The Kingdom of Plants

Imperial Nature. Joseph Hooker and the Practices of Victorian Science. By Jim Endersby. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2008. 441 pp. $35, £18. ISBN 9780226207919. Placing the life and work of the botanist Joseph Hooker in the context of his time, Endersby considers such aspects as the transition from amateurs to professionals, empire, and the philosophical practices of 19th-century science.
Disambiguating prepositional phrase attachments by using on-line dictionary definitions

Standard on-line dictionaries offer a wealth of knowledge expressed in natural language form. We claim that such knowledge can and should be accessed by natural language processing systems to solve difficult ambiguity problems. This paper sustains that claim by describing a set of computational tools and techniques used to disambiguate prepositional phrase attachments in English sentences, by accessing on-line dictionary definitions. Such techniques offer hope for eliminating the time-consuming, and often incomplete, hand coding of semantic information that has been conventional in natural language understanding systems.
Anxiety diagnoses in smokers seeking cessation treatment: relations with tobacco dependence, withdrawal, outcome and response to treatment.

Aims To understand the relations among anxiety disorders and tobacco dependence, withdrawal symptoms, response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and ability to quit smoking. Design Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants received six 10-minute individual counseling sessions and either: placebo, bupropion SR, nicotine patch, nicotine lozenge, bupropion SR + nicotine lozenge or nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge. Setting Two urban research sites. Participants Data were collected from 1504 daily smokers (>9 cigarettes per day) who were motivated to quit smoking and did not report current diagnoses of schizophrenia or psychosis or bupropion use. Measurements Participants completed baseline assessments, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and ecological momentary assessments for 2 weeks. Findings A structured clinical interview identified participants who ever met criteria for a panic attack (n = 455), social anxiety (n = 199) or generalized anxiety disorder (n = 99), and those who qualified for no anxiety diagnosis (n = 891). Smokers with anxiety disorders reported higher levels of nicotine dependence and pre-quit withdrawal symptoms. Those ever meeting criteria for panic attacks or social anxiety disorder showed greater quit-day negative affect. Smokers ever meeting criteria for anxiety disorders were less likely to be abstinent at 8 weeks and 6 months post-quit and showed no benefit from single-agent or combination-agent pharmacotherapies. Conclusions Anxiety diagnoses were common among treatment-seeking smokers and were related to increased motivation to smoke, elevated withdrawal, lack of response to pharmacotherapy and impaired ability to quit smoking. These findings could guide treatment assignment algorithms and treatment development for smokers with anxiety diagnoses.
Semi-global convergence results on control of systems containing a dead zone by an adaptive dead zone inverse

In this paper, an adaptive dead zone inverse is proposed for control of systems containing an unknown dead zone. It is shown that the effect of the unknown dead zone on the closed loop control system can be eliminated asymptotically. Two schemes are proposed along with their convergence proofs. No persistent excitation conditions are required.
Testing the adequacy of conventional asymptotics in GMM

Summary This paper proposes a new test of the null hypothesis that a generalized method of moments model is sufficiently well identified for conventional asymptotics to be reliable. The idea of the test is to compare the volume of two confidence sets—one that is robust to lack of identification and one that is not. Under the null hypothesis, the relative volume of these two sets is Op(1), but under the alternative, the robust confidence set has high probability of being unbounded.
Role of sodium bioenergetics in Vibrio cholerae

The ability of the bacterium to use sodium in bioenergetic processes appears to play a key role in both the environmental and pathogenic phases of Vibrio cholerae. Aquatic environments, including fresh, brackish, and coastal waters, are an important factor in the transmission of cholera and an autochthonous source. The organism is considered to be halophilic and has a strict requirement for Na(+) for growth. Furthermore, expression of motility and virulence factors of V. cholerae is intimately linked to sodium bioenergetics and to each other. Several lines of evidence indicated that the activity of the flagellum of V. cholerae might have an impact on virulence gene regulation. As the V. cholerae flagellum is sodium-driven and the Na(+)-NQR enzyme is known to create a sodium motive force across the bacterial membrane, it was recently suggested that the increased toxT expression observed in a nqr-negative strain is mediated by affecting flagella activity. It was suggested that the V. cholerae flagellum might respond to changes in membrane potential and the resulting changes in flagellar rotation might serve as a signal for virulence gene expression. However, we recently demonstrated that although the flagellum of V. cholerae is not required for the effects of ionophores on virulence gene expression, changes in the sodium chemical potential are sensed and thus alternative mechanisms, perhaps involving the TcpP/H proteins, for the detection of these conditions must exist. Analyzing the underlying mechanisms by which bacteria respond to changes in the environment, such as their ability to monitor the level of membrane potential, will probably reveal complex interplays between basic physiological processes and virulence factor expression in a variety of pathogenic species.
Accentuated Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss and Altered Osteogenesis in Heterozygous N-Cadherin Null Mice

Ovariectomy-induced bone loss is accentuated in mice with germline Cdh2 haploinsufficiency, the result of a decreased osteoblastogenesis in the face of normal osteoclast number. Reduced N-cadherin abundance in these mice decreases cell—cell adhesion and alters signaling pathways important for osteoblast commitment and differentiation, thus providing in vivo evidence that N-cadherin—mediated cell—cell interactions are involved in homeostatic responses to increased bone remodeling. Introduction: We have shown that targeted expression of a dominant negative truncated form of N-cadherin (Cdh2) delays acquisition of peak bone mass in mice and retards osteoblast differentiation. We tested the role of this molecule in the skeletal homeostatic response to ovariectomy in mice with germline Cdh2 haploinsufficiency. Materials and Methods: Heterozygous Cdh2 null (Cdh2+/−) and wildtype mice were ovariectomized and followed up to 13 weeks by in vivo radiodensitometric and ex vivo histologic assessment of bone mass and turnover. Cells isolated from wildtype and Cdh2+/− mice were used to determine the alterations in bone cell function produced by partial loss of N-cadherin. Results: Bone mass was not significantly different between Cdh2+/− and wildtype littermates, but on ovariectomy, bone loss in Cdh2+/− mice was initially slower, but with time it became significantly greater than in wildtype mice. This accentuated bone loss was associated with lower osteoblast number and serum osteocalcin levels, with no differences in bone resorption. Although development of calcified nodules was faster in calvaria cells isolated from Cdh2+/− mice relative to Cdh2+/+ cells, bone marrow osteogenic precursors were lower in the former than in the latter genotypes. Cdh2 expression was downregulated with differentiation in wildtype calvaria cells, whereas cadherin-11 abundance remained unchanged. Furthermore, cell—cell adhesion (postconfluence) was decreased among heterozygous calvaria cells, as was cell proliferation (preconfluence), relative to wildtype cells. Finally, the abundance and cellular distribution of β-catenin was minimally decreased in Cdh2+/− cells, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was more active in Cdh2 insufficient cells. Conclusions:Cdh2 is involved in the homeostatic bone formation response to ovariectomy, presumably by regulating osteoprogenitors number and differentiation through stabilization of cell—cell adhesion and/or signaling modulation.
334 METABOLISM OF THEOPHYLLINE TO CAFFEINE IN THE LOW BIETHWEIGHT INFANT

Theophylline (T) and caffeine (C) serum concentrations were measured in 32 low birthweight premature infants using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).All infants were treated for apnea with T if clinically indicated with a loading dose of 4-6mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 2mg/kg Q12 hrs. None of the infants were receiving breast milk at the time the serum T and C concentrations were determined and there was no other known source of C intake. The mean birthweight of the infants studied was 0.92kg(range 0.65-1.20kg)and the mean gestational age was 27 wks(range 25-32wks). The mean weight of the infants was 0.86kg (range 0.46-1.05kg)after approximately 7 days of therapy when the serum concentrations were measured. Mean serum T concentration was 8mg/L(range 4 -12mg/L)and the corresponding rate of T clearance was determined to be 18.6L/kg per hr. The mean serum concentration determined simultaneously was found to be 3.2mg/L(range 1.8-5.6mg/L). Caffeine serum concentrations were found to be approximately 40% of the corresponding serum T concentration. Since no infants received C from any known source, it is suggested the C detected resulted from T metabolism. The extent of the apparent metabolism of T to C is significantly greater than that noted in adults and children. Because of the known poor clearance of C in the neonate, clinically significant C accumulation may occur in infants being treated with T only.
Representations of algebras in varieties generated by infinite primal algebras

If \({\mathcal{A}}\) is an infinite primal algebra, then we shall represent any algebra in the variety \({V\,(\mathcal{A}}\)) generated by \({\mathcal{A}}\) as a limit reduced power of \({\mathcal{A}}\). Furthermore, we show that any homomorphism between algebras in \({V\,(\mathcal{A}}\)) can be induced by mappings between underlying sets of the limit reduced powers. With this representation of the morphisms between algebras in \({V\,(\mathcal{A}}\)) at hand, we will construct a category equivalent to the category \({V\,(\mathcal{A}}\)).
Constrained discrete-time state-dependent Riccati equation technique: A model predictive control approach

The continuous time state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique is extended to discrete-time under input and state constraints, yielding constrained (C) discrete-time (D) SDRE, referred to as CD-SDRE. For the latter, stability analysis and calculation of a region of attraction are carried out. The derivation of the D-SDRE under state-dependent weights is provided, and the result is compared with that of D-SDRE obtained by using the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation (DARE) and that of discrete-time linear quadratic regulator (D-LQR). Stability of the D-SDRE feedback system is established using input-to-state stability (ISS) approach. Receding horizon strategy is used to take into account the constraints on D-SDRE controller.
X-ray fluorescence spectra and molecular orbital studies of cuprous and cupric oxide

Abstract Both O K and Cu L α X-ray fluorescence spectra of Cu 2 O and CuO at room temperature were obtained using suitable X-ray photon excitation sources. Non-empirical Hartree-Fock molecular orbital calculations on small copper-oxygen clusters are also reported. The valence molecular orbitals which are responsible for various features of the experimental spectra have been identified with reasonable correlation between theory and experiment for all the spectra.
Effects of mountain beaver management and thinning on 15-year-old Douglas fir growth and survival

We examined 4-year growth of 15-year-old damaged and undamaged Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menzesii) after integrating temporary population reductions of mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) with thinning in a pre-commercial hand-planted plantation in western Washington. Five treatment combinations were considered: (1) trapping mountain beavers in an unthinned area, (2) trapping before thinning to 65 trees/ha (160 trees/ac), (3) no trapping and thinning to 65 trees/ha, (4) no trapping and thinning to 146 trees/ha (360 trees/ac), and (5) no trapping and no thinning. Removal of ≥90 % of mountain beavers temporarily reduced mountain beaver activity whether the stand was unthinned or thinned. Diameter growth at breast height (dbh) was greater for undamaged trees than for damaged trees in thinned areas. Tree height growth was greatest in trapped areas whether thinned or not. No differences were detected in 4-year survival between trees damaged aboveground and those without aboveground damage, which may be related to undetected root damage to trees without aboveground damage. Basal diameter growth and dbh growth were greatest for areas thinned to 65 trees/ha. Seventy-eight percent of stomachs from mountain beaver trapped in winter contained Douglas fir root or stem materials. Overall, short-term removal of mountain beavers integrated with pre-commercial thinning promoted growth of crop trees.
Self-biased magnetoelectric response in three-phase laminates

This study reports the experimental observation and analysis of self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) effect in three-phase laminates. The 2–2 L-T mode laminates were fabricated by attaching nickel (Ni) plates and ME particulate composite plates having 3–0 connectivity with 0.948Na0.5K0.5NbO3–0.052LiSbO3 (NKNLS) matrix and Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 (NZF) dispersant. The presence of two types of ferromagnetic materials, Ni and NZF, results in built-in magnetic bias due to difference in their magnetic susceptibilities and coercivity. This built-in bias (Hbias) provides finite ME effect at zero applied magnetic dc field. The ME response of bending mode trilayer laminate NKNLS-NZF/Ni/NKNLS-NZF in off-resonance and on-resonance conditions was shown to be mathematical combination of the trilayers with configuration NKNLS-NZF/Ni/NKNLS-NZF and NKNLS/Ni/NKNLS representing contributions from magnetic interaction and bending strain.
A formal approach to perfective software maintenance: System integration using a basis of formal object-oriented components

We investigate how a formalism known as a basis and common to many areas of applied mathematics and engineering can be applied to perfective maintenance and the integration of application systems in software engineering, using an object-oriented approach. It is concluded that this formalism serves as a mathematical model for perfective software maintenance and software systems integration activities under object-oriented development. Theorems and properties about the model are reported as guides to software maintenance. The model and formal maintenance techniques have been applied to a software system in the management information systems area to demonstrate this approach to perfective maintenance and to assist in validating the model.
TORC2 regulates germinal center repression of the TCL1 oncoprotein to promote B cell development and inhibit transformation

Aberrant expression of the TCL1 oncoprotein promotes malignant transformation of germinal center (GC) B cells. Repression of TCL1 in GC B cells facilitates FAS-mediated apoptosis and prevents lymphoma formation. However, the mechanism for this repression is unknown. Here we show that the CREB coactivator TORC2 directly regulates TCL1 expression independent of CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation and CBP/p300 recruitment. GC signaling through CD40 or the BCR, which activates pCREB-dependent genes, caused TORC2 phosphorylation, cytosolic emigration, and TCL1 repression. Signaling via cAMP-inducible pathways inhibited TCL1 repression and reduced apoptosis, consistent with a prosurvival role for TCL1 before GC selection and supporting an initiating role for aberrant TCL1 expression during GC lymphomagenesis. Our data indicate that a novel CREB/TORC2 regulatory mode controls the normal program of GC gene activation and repression that promotes B cell development and circumvents oncogenic progression. Our results also reconcile a paradox in which signals that activate pCREB/CBP/p300 genes concurrently repress TCL1 to initiate its silencing.
The ribosome prophecy.

A prophetic theoretical article, which hypothesized that ribosomes have regulatory roles in controlling gene expression, inspired Maria Barna to rethink the value of purely theoretical scientific publications.
A multiplexing single nucleotide polymorphism typing method based on restriction-enzyme-mediated single-base extension and capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract Millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in recent years. This provides a great opportunity for large-scale association and population studies. However, many high-throughput SNP typing techniques require expensive and dedicated instruments, which render them out of reach for many laboratories. To meet the need of these laboratories, we here report a method that uses widely available DNA sequencer for SNP typing. This method uses a type II restriction enzyme to create extendable ends at target polymorphic sites and uses single-base extension (SBE) to discriminate alleles. In this design, a restriction site is engineered in one of the two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers so that the restriction endonuclease cuts immediately upstream of the targeted SNP site. The digestion of the PCR products generates a 5 ′ -overhang structure at the targeted polymorphic site. This 5 ′ -overhang structure then serves as a template for SBE reaction to generate allele-specific products using fluorescent dye-terminator nucleotides. Following the SBE, the allele-specific products with different sizes can be resolved by DNA sequencers. Through primer design, we can create a series of PCR products that vary in size and contain only one restriction enzyme recognition site. This allows us to load many PCR products in a single capillary/lane. This method, restriction-enzyme-mediated single-base extension, is demonstrated by typing multiple SNPs simultaneously for 44 DNA samples. By multiplexing PCR and pooling multiplexed reactions together, this method has the potential to score 50–100 SNPs/capillary/run if the sizes of PCR products are arranged at every 5–10 bases from 100 to 600 base range.
The mean-value of the Artin L-series and its derivative of a cubic field

Let K be a non-abelian cubic field of discriminant D, and ζK(s) its Dedekind zeta-function. Set ψ(s) = ζk(s)/ζ(s). Then it is known that ψ(s) is the Artin L-series associated with the field K. It is also known that ψ(s) is an entire function of order 1.
Insulin stimulates the Na+,K+-ATPase and the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter of human fibroblasts

Abstract Insulin regulation of K + (Rb + ) transport was investigated in cultured human fibroblasts using a non-radioactive method which allows the simultaneous determination of the intracellular concentration of other monovalent cations. Insulin stimulated Rb + influx through the Na + ,K + -ATPase and the Na + /K + /Cl − cotransporter in human fibroblasts. Insulin stimulation was very rapid and maximal effect was observed within 10 min. Insulin stimulation of Rb + uptake via the Na + ,K + -ATPase and the Na + /K + /Cl − cotransporter was dose-dependent, with half-maximal stimulation at 2–3 nM of hormone. Insulin increased the V max of both transporters involved, affecting only minimally their K m . In other cells, insulin stimulates the Na + ,K + -pump by increasing Na + availability through the Na + /H + exchanger. In human fibroblasts, insulin stimulation of Na + ,K + -ATPase occurred in the presence of ethyl-isopropyl amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na + /H + exchanger, and without sustained changes in intracellular [Na + ]. By contrast, insulin action on Na + ,K + -ATPase was impaired by the protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine and genistein. These results indicate that, in human fibroblasts, insulin stimulates both the Na + ,K + -ATPase and the Na + /K + /Cl − cotransporter, that stimulation of the Na + ,K + -ATPase occurs in the absence of changes in intracellular [Na + ], and that protein kinase activity is essential for this insulin action.
Experiences with the Operation of a Commercially-Available Deep-Water AUV

The demand for deepwater (>1000 m) autonomous underwater vehicles is increasing but scientific applications are restricted due to complexity and cost of development and operation. We have acquired a commercially-available deep- water AUV and are presently operating it from vessels of opportunity. Experiences gained from both the development process and field operations are discussed and generally applicable recommendations are abstracted from specific events.
Parent-offspring recognition in bank swallows (Riparia riparia): II. Development and acoustic basis

Abstract In study 1, bank swallow ( Riparia riparia ) chicks were exchanged with like-aged chicks from other broods. Parents accepted chicks that were transferred into their nests at age 15 days or younger; rejection began to occur at 16 to 17 days. In study 2, chicks' vocalizations were recorded in the burrow. We found that an immature begging call given by young chicks is replaced by a ‘signature’ call at 15 to 17 days of age. An acoustic analysis suggested that these calls are individually distinctive. Study 3 was a playback experiment designed to test whether the chicks' signature calls are a sufficient cue for parental recognition. We found that parents would approach a speaker broadcasting the calls of their chicks in preference to one simultaneously broadcasting the calls of alien chicks. The pattern of results suggests that parental recognition is based on the chicks' signature calls and that development of recognition is dependent on the development of the call.
Photoacoustic tomography of water in biological tissue

As an emerging imaging technique that combines high optical contrast and ultrasonic detection, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has been widely used to image optically absorptive objects in both human and animal tissues. PAT overcomes the depth limitation of other high-resolution optical imaging methods, and it is also free from speckle artifacts. To our knowledge, water has never been imaged by PAT in biological tissue. Here, for the first time, we experimentally imaged water in both tissue phantoms and biological tissues using a near infrared (NIR) light source. The differences among photoacoustic images of water with different concentrations indicate that laser-based PAT can usefully detect and image water content in tissue.
Visual search through short digit sequences is self terminating.

Abstract Subjects searched through 2, 4, 6, and 8 digit arrays for a target digit, which, when present, was half the time represented once, and half the time twice in the array. Search latencies were shorter under the dual than the single target condition, supporting a self terminating model of search through these displays.
Experimental band structure E() of V3Si by angle-resolved photoemission

Abstract Band dispersions E( k ) and critical points of V3Si have been determined by k -selective angle-resolved photoemission with synchrotron radiation. A V-3d band (Δ1,2) which is very close to EF at Γ (Γ12) has been observed which is very flat near Γ along the ΓX direction, in agreement with recent APW calculations. Critical points of valence bands as well as their orbital character and density of states features have been determined.
Quality outcomes of ACHD patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures and hospital admissions in a free-standing children's hospital

Abstract Objectives Describe quality outcomes of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) undergoing cardiovascular procedures and admissions in a free-standing children's hospital with a multi-disciplinary ACHD program and compared with pediatric outcomes. Background A challenge for the U.S. healthcare system is where to treat the >1 million ACHD patients (pts): adult hospitals without CHD care, or pediatric hospitals without adult services. Methods We reviewed all CHD pts ≥18 yrs of age from 2002–2007. Procedural and hospital related morbidity and mortality were recorded. ANOVA and t -test compared adult with pediatric pts. Results Overall, 782 pts, mean age of 29.8±9.9yrs, encountered 1490 procedures/admissions. For 178 cardiac surgeries (72% reoperations), mortality was 1.8% and complication rate was 7.3%. There was 0% mortality for 412 cardiac catheterizations, 311 electrophysiological procedures, 401 transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE), 244 exercise tests (ETT) and 54 medical admissions. Major adverse event rate was 0.6% for cardiac catheterization and electrophysiological procedures. No adverse events occurred during TEE and ETT. Only 4 pts required transfer to an adult institution (0.25%). There was no significant difference in mortality or adverse events between pediatric and adult CHD pts, p >0.05. Conclusions The optimal setting to provide ACHD care remains a complex issue. Our study is the first to demonstrate 1) a low incidence of morbidity and mortality for ACHD pts undergoing cardiovascular procedures or admissions at a free-standing children's hospital, 2) outcomes comparable to pediatric CHD pts. Future models incorporating ACHD programs within pediatric heart centers should be considered to care for this complex population.
Observer Based Transient Fuel Utilization Control for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Transient control is important for prolonging the life of SOFCs and broadening their applications. This paper develops an observer based method for transient control. The essential idea is to regulate the fuel cell current using the estimated state, incorporated within a steady-state invariant property of the SOFC. The objective is to directly address hydrogen starvation in SOFCs through control of transient fuel utilization. The method is demonstrated for two different SOFC systems. The applicability across configurations indicates the possible validity of this approach for SOFCs in general. The control design is supported by simulation results.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Putting “Culture” into Cultural Psychology: Anthropology's Role in the Development of Bruner's Cultural Psychology

Abstract I present an intellectual history of the impact of cultural anthropology on Jerome Bruner's cultural psychology and discuss the influence of Bruner's role during the 1960s in the creation of an elementary school science curriculum based on the study of anthropology, Man, A Course of Study (MACOS). Funded by the National Science Foundation, the MACOS curriculum became highly politicized in a national science textbook controversy in the 1970s. I argue that during the 1960s, Bruner had three key experiences that influenced his understanding of the role that culture plays in learning and cognition and that thus grounded his vision of cultural psychology. These include his role in the development of the MACOS curriculum, his involvement with the federally funded Head Start preschool program, and the research conducted by several of his graduate students in Africa and the Arctic. [psychological anthropology, history of anthropology, science curricula, cultural psychology, MACOS]
A Design for Combining Biological and Semiconductor Cleanrooms for Nanotechnology Research

Nanotechnology brings together various functional areas for interdisciplinary research, making it necessary for them to reside in a single facility. The conjoining of biology, biomedical engineering, and bio-nano-micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with semiconductor and MEMS processing requires that these technologies coexist in ultraclean facilities, while the facility designs and operating practices are incompatible. This case study describes a design concept in a collaborative research environment that meets biocleanliness goals and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 4 particle concentrations (as defined in ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness).
Whole-genome analysis of the chromosome partitioning and sporulation protein Spo0J (ParB) reveals spreading and origin-distal sites on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.

Summary We investigated the genome-wide DNA binding of the chromosome partitioning and sporulation protein and ParB family member Spo0J in Bacillus subtilis using chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA microarrays. We identified 10 parS loci to which Spo0J binds, two of which were unexpectedly distant (> 1 Mb) from the origin of replication. We used all 10 sites to refine the consensus sequence for parS. We found that Spo0J spreads along the DNA around each site. Binding was near maximal levels up to 1.6 kb away from parS, and significantly above background as far away as 18 kb. Deletion of soj (parA) had little or no effect on spreading. In contrast, the spo0J93 allele appeared to cause a significant decrease in spreading in vivo, without significantly affecting the DNA binding affinity in vitro. spo0J93 causes a phenotype similar to that of a spo0J null mutant and alters the region thought to be involved in interaction between Spo0J dimers. Our findings indicate that spreading is important for in vivo function of Spo0J. Gene expression in areas near parS sites was similar in wild type and a spo0J null mutant, indicating that binding and spreading of Spo0J on DNA does not normally silence transcription of nearby genes.
Quantum theory of large amplitude collective motion and the Born-Oppenheimer method

We study the quantum foundations of a theory of large amplitude collective motion for a Hamiltonian expressed in terms of canonical variables. In previous work the separation into slow and fast (collective and noncollective) variables was carried out without the explicit intervention of the Born-Oppenheimer approach. The addition of the Born-Oppenheimer assumption not only provides support for the results found previously in leading approximation, but also facilitates an extension of the theory to include an approximate description of the fast variables and their interaction with the slow ones. Among other corrections, one encounters the Berry vector and scalar potential. The formalism is illustrated with the aid of some simple examples, where the potentials in question are actually evaluated and where the accuracy of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is tested. Variational formulations of both Hamiltonian and Lagrangian type are described for the equations of motion for the slow variables.
A Fast Non‐Parametric Density Estimation Algorithm

Non-parametric density estimation is the problem of approximating the values of a probability density function, given samples from the associated distribution. Non-parametric estimation finds applications in discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, and flow calculations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Usual estimators make use of kernel functions, and require on the order of n 2 arithmetic operations to evaluate the density at n sample points. We describe a sequence of special weight functions which requires almost linear number of operations in n for the same computation.
Strain-rate dependence of the compressive properties of normal and carbon-fiber-reinforced bone cement†

Normal and carbon-fiber-reinforced (1 wt. %) bone cement samples were tested in compression at various strain rates. Both the compressive strength and proportional limit increased in general with increasing strain rate. Similar strain-rate sensitivity was also shown by the carbon-fiber-reinforced bone cement. The mechanical properties, namely the modulus of elasticity, the proportional limit, and the compressive strength of the carbon-fiber-reinforced bone cement showed highly significant positive correlations with the strain rate.