cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A high‐yield modification of the baker‐venkataraman rearrangement. Application to the synthesis of 5‐hydroxyflavone and 6,8‐dichloro‐5‐hydroxyflavone

A three-step synthesis of 5-hydroxyflavone in 80% yield from 2,6-dihydroxyaceto-phenone is described. The key step is a modification of the Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement in which small amounts of water are deliberately introduced. Characterization of the primary rearrangement products, 1-(2,6-dinydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propane-dione, and 1-(2-benzoyloxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propanedione, is reported. Application of the synthesis to 3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone gives a mixture of 6,8-dichloro-5-hydroxyflavone and its 3-benzoyl derivative. Infrared spectral data are presented for several intermediates and flavones, and indicate the utility of the previously described infrared spectral method for detecting 3-aroylflavones.
The use of a virtual integration environment for the real-time implementation of neural decode algorithms

We have developed a virtual integration environment (VIE) for the development of neural prosthetic systems. This paper, the second of two companion articles, describes the use of the VIE as a common platform for the implementation of neural decode algorithms. In this paper, a linear filter decode and a recursive Bayesian algorithm are implemented as separate signal analysis modules of the VIE for the real-time decode of end effector trajectory. The process of implementing each algorithm is described and the real-time behavior as well as computational cost for each algorithm is examined. This is the first report of the real-time implementation of the Mixture of Trajectory Models decode [10]. These real-time algorithms can be easily interfaced with pre-existing modules of the VIE to control simulated and real devices.
Effect of carbohydrate supplementation on postexercise GLUT-4 protein expression in skeletal muscle

The effect of carbohydrate supplementation on skeletal muscle glucose transporter GLUT-4 protein expression was studied in fast-twitch red and white gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats befo...
Inflorescences contribute more than rosettes to lifetime carbon gain in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)

A metamorphosis from rosette to inflorescence in many annuals shifts photosynthetic tissue from a two-dimensional array in the soil boundary layer during cool months to a three-dimensional structure in the troposphere as spring progresses. We propose that this shift allows escape from both self-shading and an increasingly stressful boundary layer microclimate, permitting continued increases in growth. As a first step in exploring this hypothesis, we compared the lifetime C gain, water loss, and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) of five Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes by measuring gas exchange across the life cycle. On average, the inflorescence contributed 55% (± 5% SE) of lifetime C gain, but only 25% of lifetime water loss. Mean inflorescence WUE was nearly fourfold that of the rosette. The inflorescence continued to fix C after rosette senescence. The percentage inflorescence: total C gain varied among genotypes, from 36% to 93%. Genotypes differed in WUE for both structures. We suggest that local climates may have selected for divergence in these traits. For many annuals and winter annuals, understanding C and water budgets and their evolution must include measures of both rosette and inflorescence gas exchange.
Competition between Supercoils and Toroids in Single Molecule DNA Condensation

The condensation of free DNA into toroidal structures in the presence of multivalent ions and polypeptides is well known. Recent single molecule experiments have shown that condensation into toroids occurs even when the DNA molecule is subjected to tensile forces. Here we show that the combined tension and torsion of DNA in the presence of condensing agents dramatically modifies this picture by introducing supercoiled DNA as a competing structure in addition to toroids. We combine a fluctuating elastic rod model of DNA with phenomenological models for DNA interaction in the presence of condensing agents to compute the minimum energy configuration for given tension and end-rotations. We show that for each tension there is a critical number of end-rotations above which the supercoiled solution is preferred and below which toroids are the preferred state. Our results closely match recent extension rotation experiments on DNA in the presence of spermine and other condensing agents. Motivated by this, we construct a phase diagram for the preferred DNA states as a function of tension and applied end-rotations and identify a region where new experiments or simulations are needed to determine the preferred state.
Including Students with Severe Disabilities in General Education Settings Guidelines for Change

A number of social, judiciary, and regulatory policies are intended to change current educational practices. Educational change, however, does not automatically occur as a result of policy adoption. Rather, educational change occurs as a result of leaders employing systematic procedures to bring about these changes. A growing philosophical, legal, and empirical data base supports the inclusion of students with severe disabilities in general education settings. This paper presents guidelines intended for educational leaders in effecting the change from segregated to inclusive school settings. Five systematic phases, or guidelines, are presented. In order to bring about successful inclusion of students with severe disabilities, leaders develop networks, assess resources, review options, install inclusion strategies, and provide a system of feedback and self-renewal.
From Craft to Profession: The Path to Highly Predictable Cancer Care

If implemented thoughtfully and respectfully, improvement science can be introduced into routine care, and when paired to changes in delivery systems, high-value cancer care provided with high predictability will be achievable.
Survivor Sense Making and Reactions to Organizational Decline: Effects of Individual Differences

Major organizational upheavals, such as mergers or restructuring of declining organizations, present employees with considerable ambiguity about their future employment, which presents a serious challenge for management communication. Not all employees are perplexed by this uncertainty, however. Those who are averse to ambiguity and insecurity tend to deny the ambiguity regarding their future. Such individual differences also affect reactions to whatever ambiguity they do perceive. This study uses data from a merger of two declining organizations to investigate the relationship between work environment and worker reactions.
High-Dose Naltrexone Therapy for Cocaine-Alcohol Dependence

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of high-dose (100 mg/d) naltrexone versus placebo in a sample of 87 randomized subjects with both cocaine and alcohol dependence. Medication conditions were crossed with two behavioral therapy platforms that examined whether adding contingency management (CM) that targeted cocaine abstinence would enhance naltrexone effects compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) without CM. Primary outcome measures for cocaine (urine screens) and alcohol use (timeline followback) were collected thrice-weekly during 12 weeks of treatment. Retention in treatment and medication compliance rates were low. Rates of cocaine use and drinks per day did not differ between treatment groups; however naltrexone did reduce frequency of heavy drinking days, as did CBT without CM. Notably, adding CM to CBT did not enhance treatment outcomes. These weak findings suggest that pharmacological and behavioral interventions that have shown efficacy in the treatment of a single drug dependence disorder may not provide the coverage needed when targeting dual drug dependence.
Cardiac venous endothelial dysfunction after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.

Endothelial dysfunction is a prominent occurrence in coronary arteries after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. However, this has not been studied in coronary veins. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was studied in cardiac venous rings obtained from dogs subjected to 60 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 270 min of reperfusion, as well as from dogs subjected to sham ischemia-reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia resulted in a 96 +/- 2% decrease in coronary flow to the ischemic area 60 min after occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, which led to a significant degree of cardiac necrosis (i.e., 32.9 +/- 3.9% of area at risk). Cardiac venous rings isolated from sham ischemia-reperfusion dogs relaxed 68 +/- 3% to 200 microM ADP, 65 +/- 3% to 2 microM A23187, and 76 +/- 4% to 200 microM sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Corresponding values for cardiac venous rings isolated from ischemic-reperfused dogs were 32 +/- 3% for 200 microM ADP (P less than 0.01 vs. sham), 31 +/- 3% for 2 microM A23187 (P less than 0.01 vs. sham), and 74 +/- 3% for 200 microM NaNO2 (NS from sham). In rings from control dogs, vasorelaxation to ADP and A23187 was markedly inhibited by 4 mM NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and 10 methylene blue and restored after NG-nitro-L-arginine by 3 mM L-arginine. These results demonstrate that a significant degree of endothelial dysfunction occurred in cardiac venous rings after ischemia and reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Time-rescaling methods for the estimation and assessment of non-Poisson neural encoding models

Recent work on the statistical modeling of neural responses has focused on modulated renewal processes in which the spike rate is a function of the stimulus and recent spiking history. Typically, these models incorporate spike-history dependencies via either: (A) a conditionally-Poisson process with rate dependent on a linear projection of the spike train history (e.g., generalized linear model); or (B) a modulated non-Poisson renewal process (e.g., inhomogeneous gamma process). Here we show that the two approaches can be combined, resulting in a conditional renewal (CR) model for neural spike trains. This model captures both real-time and rescaled-time history effects, and can be fit by maximum likelihood using a simple application of the time-rescaling theorem [1]. We show that for any modulated renewal process model, the log-likelihood is concave in the linear filter parameters only under certain restrictive conditions on the renewal density (ruling out many popular choices, e.g. gamma with shape k ≠ 1), suggesting that real-time history effects are easier to estimate than non-Poisson renewal properties. Moreover, we show that goodness-of-fit tests based on the time-rescaling theorem [1] quantify relative-time effects, but do not reliably assess accuracy in spike prediction or stimulus-response modeling. We illustrate the CR model with applications to both real and simulated neural data.
Functional Optical Coherence Tomography

OCT is a recently developed imaging modality based on coherence-domainoptical technology. OCT takes advantage of the short coherence length of broadband light sources to perform micrometer-scale, cross-sectional imaging of biological tissue. It is similar to ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound. However, it uses near infrared optical waves instead of sound waves, and its advantages include non-contact and high spatial resolution. This paper reviews the principles of OCT and functional OCT. Recent advances in imaging speed, spatial resolution, velocity sensitivity, functional extensions, and clinical applications are discussed.
“The Advantages of Knowing How to Read and Write”: Literacy, Filmic Pedagogies, and the Hemispheric Projection of US Influence

During World War II, the US Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA) and the Walt Disney Company produced a series of educational films promoting literacy, hygiene, and American (US) values for distribution across the Americas. Through these films, literacy was to move across borders in service of inter-American cooperation. That movement, however, also reinscribed the distance between a modern, powerful, literate United States and a stagnant, resistant, illiterate “other America.” The program’s insistence on film as a pedagogical tool imagined the United States as a site of technical modernity in contrast to its American neighbors. Working in light of recent scholarship addressing how literacy controls and constrains movement, this essay considers the effects of literacy for literacy's others—in this case, the population of what the OIAA termed the “other American republics.” It highlights the American assumptions that circulated within the literacy films and became enmeshed with the reading and writing skills they claimed to provide. Examining how film moved literacy practice and ideology across national borders, this essay demonstrates how thoroughly the contexts and the media of literacy's movement shape the consequences of its transmission.
Virtual Workspace Technologies

Emerging technologies enable virtual and distributed teams to communicate — and innovate — more effectively.
Validated Spectrophotometric Method to Assay of B6 and B3 Vitamins in Pharmaceutical Forms Using Potassium Iodide and Potassium Iodate

A simple, precise and reliable spectrophotometric method for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitB 6) and nicotinamide (vitB 3) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations has been described. The method is based on the reaction of studied vitamin with a mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate in aqueous medium at (25 ± 0.5 o C) to form yellow colored tri iodide ions ( I� ). The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 290, 335 and 288, 350 nm for vitB 6 and vitB 3 respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.5-20.0 µg mL -1 for all procedures. Molar absorptivities were found to be 1.49×10 4 , 1.93×10 4 and 0.89×10 4 , 1.25×10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 , for determination of vitB 6 and vitB 3 at 290, 335 and 288, 350 nm respectively. The proposed method has been applied to determine the components in commercial forms with no interference from the excipients. A comparative study between the suggested procedures and the official methods showed no significant difference between the two methods.
The dynamic interdependence between family support and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Ghana

This study identified temporal sequencing in the associations between family support and depressive symptoms over the course of adolescence for youth in Ghana. Data derived from a longitudinal cohort study of 718 Ghanaian adolescents (58 % female) who were, on average, 13.84 years at Wave 1. Youth completed surveys at three time points separated by an 18-month time lag from early through late adolescence. Latent growth curve techniques were used to investigate the degree to which family support predicts changes in youth depressive symptoms and/or depressive symptoms precede changes in family support from early through late adolescence. Youth in Ghana experience declines in family support and increases in depressive symptoms over the course of adolescence. The associations between lower family support and higher depressive symptoms are recursive or bidirectional over time. Study results suggest the value of promoting family support and reducing youth’s depressive symptomology as a way of interrupting a recursive cycle of declining family support and increasing depressive symptomology from early through late adolescence.
Anthropological Perspectives on Classification Systems

'Some anthropological perspectives on classification systems are presented here. Such systems have been extensively studied by cognitive anthropologists; the area of work is often referred to as ethnoscience.We summarize work related to three specific domains: color terms, biological classifications, and kinship terminology. Some generalizations that can be drawn from this work involve categories, features, and the structure of classification systems; variations in terminology and system metrics are also discussed.The conclusions and generalizations from this work are relevant to the design and use of classification systems to support information retrieval applications.
Improving Systemic Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer

Systemic chemotherapy is integral to the management of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (BCa). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been increasingly utilized for muscle-invasive BCa over the past several years, and several options for cisplatin-based regimens have emerged. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be considered for select patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Systemic chemotherapy added to radiotherapy is a critical component of a bladder-preserving approach and superior to radiotherapy alone. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been the mainstay for metastatic BCa for more than three decades. Novel targeted agents are in development fueled by the recent molecular characterization of BCa. Recent trials of immunotherapy have demonstrated the possibility of a less toxic and potentially more effective treatment for metastatic disease. It is an extremely exciting time for BCa research, and much needed improvements in systemic treatment are most certainly on the horizon.
Between Belief and Delusion: Cult Members and the Insanity Plea

Cults are charismatic groups defined by members' adherence to a set of beliefs and teachings that differ from those of mainstream religions. Cult beliefs may appear unusual or bizarre to those outside of the organization, which can make it difficult for an outsider to know whether a belief is cult-related or delusional. In accordance with these beliefs, or at the behest of a charismatic leader, some cult members may participate in violent crimes such as murder and later attempt to plead not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI). It is therefore necessary for forensic experts who evaluate cult members to understand how the court has responded to such individuals and their beliefs when they mount a defense of NGRI for murder. Based on a review of extant appellate court case law, cult member defendants have not yet successfully pleaded NGRI on the basis of cult involvement, despite receiving a broad array of psychiatric diagnoses that could qualify for such a defense. With the reintroduction of cult involvement in the DSM-5 criteria for other specified dissociative disorder, however, there may be a resurgence of dissociative-type diagnoses in future cult-related cases, both criminal and civil.
Autoradiographic studies on iron-59 turnover by erythroid cells in rat bone marrow.

SummaryThe presence of iron-59 in the earliest stages of the erythroid series of the rat bone marrow was demonstrated by means of stripping film autoradiography after intraperitoneal injection of labeled ferric chlorides. Proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts take up a detectable amount of radioiron after 3 to 6 hours. The maximum uptake, however, occurs in the polychromatic and orthochro-matic stages.
The Mobility of Urban Population a Study of Four Cities of 30,000 to 40,000 Population

urban population of the United States from 56.2. per cent of the total as shown by the census classification to 6o.6 per cent as shown by this classification. In the state of New Jersey the percentage urban is raised from 8z.6 to 9I.9 and in Pennsylvania the change is from 67.8 to 78.3, but in the southern and western states little change is made. (3) The new classification makes possible the partial separation of true villages from the small suburban corporations which are satellites of metropolitan areas, which gives a truer picture of the relative importance of villages. The metropolitan unincorporated and metropolitan village population which should be added to the urban is shown in Table II by states. The relation of the old to the new classification is shown in Diagram I.
Positive Direct Coombs' Test Induced by Various Azo Dyes.

SummaryIn an earlier investigation the activity of the diazo dye trypan blue in producing an anemia with positive Coombs' test was attributed primarily to its capacity for binding with protein and ...
Emulation-Based Analysis of System-on-Chip Performance Under Variations

The scaling of integrated circuits into the nanometer regime has led to variations emerging as a primary design concern. Most efforts in the area of variation-tolerant design have focused on the physical, circuit, and logic levels of abstraction. However, inevitable increases in the magnitude of variations with scaling have elevated them to a design concern that must be addressed starting at the system level. We address the problem of analyzing the performance of system-on-chip (SoC) architectures in the presence of variations. A modern SoC is a complex ensemble of components that are organized into multiple voltage and frequency domains or islands. The impact of variations on the clock frequencies of individual SoC components may be analyzed using existing tools, such as circuit-level statistical timing analysis. However, the key challenge that needs to be addressed is how to translate these component-level clock frequency distributions into a system-level performance distribution. This task is particularly complex and challenging due to the interdependences between components’ execution, indirect effects of shared resources, and interactions between multiple system-level execution paths. We argue that an accurate variation-aware performance analysis requires Monte Carlo-based repeated system execution. We describe a framework variability emulation for SoC performance analysis (VESPA)—that leverages emulation to significantly speed up the performance analysis without sacrificing the generality and accuracy achieved by Monte Carlo-based simulation. We further improve the efficiency of VESPA by utilizing correlated sampling to reduce the number of samples needed for Monte Carlo simulations. We demonstrate the utility of VESPA by applying it to design variation-tolerant architectures for three example SoCs. Our experiments show the performance improvements of $\sim 180\times $ compared with the state-of-the-art hardware–software cosimulation tools and also underscore the potential of VESPA to enable variation-aware design and exploration at the system level.
STUDY AND IMPLEMENT SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK ON DEVELOPMENT,OPTIMIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WORD OF WUHAI CITY

Study and implement scientific outlook on development which is the strategic decision made on the 17th congress of CCP to make is the major political task in the current and future periods.Combined with the real Wuhai environmental work Wuhai Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau through the carefully organized,practical research,analysis of inspection,rectification and implementation of other learning activities enhanced the overall implementation of the scientific concept of development,good sense of responsibility and urgency of environmental protection work to promote and strengthen the Wuhai environmental protection management and service levels.
Differences in the reproductive biology and diapause of two congeneric species of egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from northeast Asia: Implications for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Abstract The emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a serious invasive pest that has killed millions of North American ash ( Fraxinus spp.) trees in the United States and Canada since its first detection in 2002. Oobius primorskyensis Yao and Duan and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) constitute a cryptic species complex of egg parasitoids attacking A. planipennis in their native range of northeast Asia. While O. primorskyensis is currently being evaluated in quarantine for potential biocontrol introduction against A. planipennis to the U.S., O. agrili has established populations in some areas of the U.S. since its first introduction in 2007. In the present study, we quantify and compare the survivorship, fecundity and progeny diapause between O. primorskyensis and O. agrili for both diapaused and non-diapaused types. Both parasitoid species were reared in the laboratory with fresh A. planipennis eggs at 25 ± 1 °C, ≈65% RH, and 16: 8 h L: D photoperiod. Results of the study demonstrate that there are distinctive differences in the reproductive biology and progeny diapause pattern between the two parasitoid species as well as between diapaused and non-diapaused types within each species. Adults of diapaused O. primorskyensis had significantly longer longevity and produced significantly more progeny over their lifetime than diapaused adult O. agrili . Although there was no significant difference in their longevity, adults of the non-diapaused O. priomorskyensis produced significantly less progeny than those of non-diapaused O. agrili. While a majority (>64%) of the progeny produced by diapaused O. primorskyensis and both diapaused and non-diapaused O. agrili continued development to adults, nearly 100% of the progeny from non-diapaused O. primorskyensis entered diapause. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of O. priomorskyensis and O. agrili in classical biocontrol of A. planipennis may vary in different regions of North America, where the host phenology in adult emergence and oviposition may differ. Our study indicates that O. priomorskyensis and O. agrili may be complementary to each other in biocontrol of A. planipennis in regions where both species can be successfully established.
Dynamics of HSP60-Cypd Binding Studied with Surface PlasmonResonance

Objectives: The binding of chaperonin HSP60 to cyclophilin D (CypD) represents an oncogenic pathway that prevents mitochondria from undergoing permeability transition pore (PTP) opening. Thus HSP60 may be considered as an attractive target for the design of chemical inhibitors. The complexity of the HSP60 structure prevents the use of standard screening methods. The present study was aimed to analyze the dynamics of CypD interactions with different HSP60 domains. Method: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was employed. Antibodies that map to various regions of the HSP60 were immobilized on a CM5 biosensor chip using amino-coupling chemistry. HSP60 was attached to various antibodies on the chip resulting in different orientations of the protein, and the kinetics of its binding to HSP60 was analyzed. Results: The dissociation rate constants for HSP60-CypD interactions ranged between 5.5 × 10-4 s-1 and 16 × 10-4 s-1. The dissociation equilibrium constants varied from 15.8 nM to 43.5 nM. An antibody recognizing a region between residues 50 and 100 in the equatorial domain of HSP60 prevented its association with CypD. Conclusion: SPR technology proved successful in the analysis of the interactions between CypD and HSP60 subunits. The binding strength was comparable to that of a relatively strong antibody-antigen binding. The preferential binding of CypD to a specific domain within HSP60 subunit suggests the possibility of designing a molecular antagonist.
Enhanced microbial electrosynthesis by using defined co-cultures.

Microbial uptake of free cathodic electrons presents a poorly understood aspect of microbial physiology. Uptake of cathodic electrons is particularly important in microbial electrosynthesis of sustainable fuel and chemical precursors using only CO2 and electricity as carbon, electron and energy source. Typically, large overpotentials (200 to 400 mV) were reported to be required for cathodic electron uptake during electrosynthesis of, for example, methane and acetate, or low electrosynthesis rates were observed. To address these limitations and to explore conceptual alternatives, we studied defined co-cultures metabolizing cathodic electrons. The Fe(0)-corroding strain IS4 was used to catalyze the electron uptake reaction from the cathode forming molecular hydrogen as intermediate, and Methanococcus maripaludis and Acetobacterium woodii were used as model microorganisms for hydrogenotrophic synthesis of methane and acetate, respectively. The IS4-M. maripaludis co-cultures achieved electromethanogenesis rates of 0.1–0.14 μmol cm−2 h−1 at −400 mV vs standard hydrogen electrode and 0.6–0.9 μmol cm−2 h−1 at −500 mV. Co-cultures of strain IS4 and A. woodii formed acetate at rates of 0.21–0.23 μmol cm−2 h−1 at −400 mV and 0.57–0.74 μmol cm−2 h−1 at −500 mV. These data show that defined co-cultures coupling cathodic electron uptake with synthesis reactions via interspecies hydrogen transfer may lay the foundation for an engineering strategy for microbial electrosynthesis.
Multisensory integration uses a real time unisensory-multisensory transform

The manner in which the brain integrates different sensory inputs to facilitate perception and behavior has been the subject of numerous speculations. By examining multisensory neurons in cat superior colliculus, the present study demonstrated that two operational principles are sufficient to understand how this remarkable result is achieved: (1) unisensory signals are integrated continuously and in real time as soon as they arrive at their common target neuron and (2) the resultant multisensory computation is modified in shape and timing by a delayed, calibrating inhibition. These principles were tested for descriptive sufficiency by embedding them in a neurocomputational model and using it to predict a neuron's moment-by-moment multisensory response given only knowledge of its responses to the individual modality-specific component cues. The predictions proved to be highly accurate, reliable, and unbiased and were, in most cases, not statistically distinguishable from the neuron's actual instantaneous multisensory response at any phase throughout its entire duration. The model was also able to explain why different multisensory products are often observed in different neurons at different time points, as well as the higher-order properties of multisensory integration, such as the dependency of multisensory products on the temporal alignment of crossmodal cues. These observations not only reveal this fundamental integrative operation, but also identify quantitatively the multisensory transform used by each neuron. As a result, they provide a means of comparing the integrative profiles among neurons and evaluating how they are affected by changes in intrinsic or extrinsic factors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multisensory integration is the process by which the brain combines information from multiple sensory sources (e.g., vision and audition) to maximize an organism's ability to identify and respond to environmental stimuli. The actual transformative process by which the neural products of multisensory integration are achieved is poorly understood. By focusing on the millisecond-by-millisecond differences between a neuron's unisensory component responses and its integrated multisensory response, it was found that this multisensory transform can be described by two basic principles: unisensory information is integrated in real time and the multisensory response is shaped by calibrating inhibition. It is now possible to use these principles to predict a neuron's multisensory response accurately armed only with knowledge of its unisensory responses.
Controlled Delivery of Pushable Fibered Coils for Large Vessel Embolotherapy

Since the development by Gianturco of the first pushable fibered coils over 30 years ago, significant advances in coils and catheters have occurred. It is now possible to deliver pushable fibered standard 0.035 and 0.018 microcoils in a controlled and precise manner. Experience on a day to day basis with high flow fistulas of the lung has enabled us to develop a number of techniques which enable safe deployment and cross sectional occlusion of the vessel.
Procedural Language Development at the Purdue Workshop on the Standardization of Industrial Computer Languages

Abstract The Long Term Procedural Language Committee of the Purdue Workshop on Standardization of Industrial Computer Languages has been developing a procedural language for industrial control programming. The broad objectives of the committee are two fold: To provide the user community with a general purpose procedural programming language for industrial computers. To identify means of implementing this language and to promote its implementation. This paper describes the results to date of the committee’s work, including the following : General organization and goals of the Purdue Workshop. General organization and goals of the Long Term Procedural Language Committee. A description of results of this committee’s work, including: a Objectives of the language design. b Functional requirements to be satisfied by the language. c Results of examination of PL/I as a possible base language. d Interactions with other Standardization Activities.
Abstract 353: Sunitinib Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiomyocytes

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced cardiac toxicities are the main obstacle for effective treatment of cancer, particularly in patients with pre-existing heart disease. This often results in premature termination of cancer treatment. Prominent among these agents is sunitinib (Sutent), which causes cardiac dysfunction in nearly 20% of cancer patients. It has recently been suggested that cardiac microvascular dysfunction, particularly loss of pericyte coverage, underlies sunitinib-induced cardiac dysfunction. However the exact mechanisms of sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicites are still unknown. Results: Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were treated with increasing concentrations (100nM-5uM) of sunitinib. Irrespective of the dose, there was a significant increase in markers of ER stress (Grp78, Grp 94, Erp72 and phospo/total-eIF2a) after 24 hours of treatment. The ER stress inducer thapsigargin was used as a positive control. Concordant with an increase in ER stress was the activation of mTOR in sunitinib (but not thapsigargin) treated NRVMs, suggesting a possible role of mTOR-mediated proteotoxicity in sunitinib-induced cardiac dysfunction. Protein synthesis, evaluated by 14 C-phenylalanine incorporation into proteins, was moderately elevated in cells treated with sunitinib. Conclusions: In addition to impairment of angiogenesis and pericyte loss, sunitinib induces mTOR activation and ER stress. We propose that the cardiac myocyte secretes paracrine factors that stabilize the cardiac microcirculation. This process is disrupted by sunitinib and ultimately leads to heart failure.
Thinking About Our Work: Response to Comments

257 1 Professor Emeritus, University of Cincinnati, and Coordinator of Group Therapy, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco. Correspondence should be addressed to Walter N. Stone, MD, 23 DeSilva Island Drive, Mill Valley, CA 94941. E-mail: w_stone@comcast.net. I was very pleased to read the responses to my Thinking About Our Work essay on analytic love. When I wrote my thoughts on this topic, I was focusing primarily on my sense that, at times, we alter the analytic frame in ways that are deemed inappropriate, such as giving advice or revealing something personal, which may include how we feel about a patient. Yet we do that out of genuine concern and caring for our patients. Fundamentally, we are not expecting anything in return, with the exception of seeing our patients benefit and grow. When I first read the responses to these thoughts, I wondered about the difference implied in “analytic” and “romantic” love and if the titles implied different concepts. J. Scott Rutan addresses the differences in a very nice manner as he contrasts Western romantic love with love as constructed in collective societies such as China. He adds and expands his view, “It is, rather, a deep affection for, knowledge of, and concern for one another.” This quotation includes my view of analytic love, with the exception of not expecting anything in return, and I think Rutan is implicitly saying that there is nothing expected in return. Further elaborating, Scott comments that if there is a sexual component, it is peripheral. I agree also with his particularly incisive comment that we often do not actually explore, in any depth, manifestations of love among members or directed at the therapist. Close ties between love and sexuality are threatening because they might lead to action. Carol Kramer Slepian’s response illustrates this point. She describes two members who developed romantic feelings toward one another, which eventually ended in marriage. During the couple’s courtship, though, the uninvolved members became distrustful. One member of the couple left the group; the other wished to remain.
PLUMBER Study (Prevalence of Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes in Mecklenburg County Emergency Response).

Background and Purpose— The recently proposed American Heart Association/American Stroke Association EMS triage algorithm endorses routing patients with suspected large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic strokes directly to endovascular centers based on a stroke severity score. The predictive value of this algorithm for identifying LVO is dependent on the overall prevalence of LVO acute ischemic stroke in the EMS population screened for stroke, which has not been reported. Methods— We performed a cross-sectional study of patients transported by our county’s EMS agency who were dispatched as a possible stroke or had a primary impression of stroke by paramedics. We determined the prevalence of LVO by reviewing medical record imaging reports based on a priori specified criteria. Results— We enrolled 2402 patients, of whom 777 (32.3%) had an acute stroke–related diagnosis. Among 485 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 24.1% (n=117) had an LVO, which represented only 4.87% (95% confidence interval, 4.05%–5.81%) of the total EMS population screened for stroke. Conclusions— Overall, the prevalence of LVO acute ischemic stroke in our EMS population screened for stroke was low. This is an important consideration for any EMS stroke severity-based triage protocol and should be considered in predicting the rates of overtriage to endovascular stroke centers.
The Idiosyncrasies of the Corrections and Treatment Environments

Both corrections agencies and addiction treatment organizations are unique, and these features affect the acceptance and uptake of EBP. In this chapter, we examine the idiosyncrasies associated with each field that can present barriers and challenges to the adoption of EBP. The discussion highlights why existing TT models are constrained when applied to these two fields, particularly given recent findings on the organizational factors that affect implementation (see Chap. 4). A better understanding of these factors – goals, leadership, staff, infrastructure, and external concerns – can guide us to advance new models to resolve practical but demanding realities. These realities need to be understood to assist community corrections agencies and addiction treatment providers in improving practices and producing better client-level outcomes.
Electrowetting prism for scanning in two-photon microscopy

We have demonstrated an electrowetting prism as a lateral scanning element for a 2-photon excitation microscope. We show imaging of mouse hippocampal neurons, with a field of view of 130 ×130 μm2
The environment and environmental justice: Linking the biophysical and the social using watershed boundaries

Abstract Point source pollution from industrial activity is a significant environmental problem that unequally impacts people. In addition to disparate impacts on people, the environment is also unequally impacted. Environmental justice is one body of scholarship that studies this problem but almost exclusively from the social side. The question we are striving to answer is how the use of watershed boundaries in place of traditional political boundaries affects environmental justice analyses. Do the same patterns of racial and class inequality hold true when the biophysical boundaries are used? In addition, this analysis looks closely at one watershed to understand where point source pollution output occurs relative to racial and class distribution. The hypothesis is that watersheds of higher minority population and higher poverty will face greater environmental burden in the form of impacted waterways and that these impacted environs will face high concentrations of continuing pollution production. We found that traditional environmental justice patterns hold true with stability for racial inequality. The results suggest that analysis of biophysical conditions and population distribution together is a valuable way to assess environmental impacts while taking into account social and biological forces.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Acute Spinal Cord Infarction (P1.301)

Objective: We report three cases of patients with acute spinal cord infarction (SCI) with improvement in weakness after lumbar drain placement. Background: Numerous studies have shown CSF drainage via lumbar drain is effective in preventing SCI for patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. When combined with augmentation of systemic blood pressure, CSF drainage reduces risk of spinal cord infarction by minimizing the resistance to afferent spinal cord blood supply and increasing perfusion pressure. By the same mechanism, patients with acute spinal cord infarction (SCI) may benefit from lumbar drain placement, though this has not been previously studied. Design/Methods: A retrospective review from 2013–2016 of three patients diagnosed with acute SCI who underwent lumbar drain placement. Results: Case one: 77 year old male with atrial fibrillation underwent endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. His lumbar drain was discontinued two days later. Seven days post operatively he developed complete paraplegia. MRI lumbar spine showed T2 hyperintensity at T12-L1 concerning for SCI. Lumbar drain was replaced with improvement in examination and ambulatory status at discharge. Case two: 61 year old male with hypertension presented with acute bilateral lower extremity weakness. CTA showed a type B distribution intramural hematoma from the origin of the subclavian artery into the abdomen. MRI was unremarkable but given strong clinical suspicion for SCI, lumbar drain was placed with significant improvement in weakness. Case three: 61 year old male who underwent pulmonary artery embolization and developed acute unilateral lower extremity weakness and sensory deficit following the procedure. MRI showed diffusion restriction at T2/T3. Lumbar drain was placed and the patient improved over several days with discharge to acute rehabilitation. Conclusions: CSF drainage with blood pressure augmentation may be beneficial in patients with acute SCI of varying etiologies. More studies are needed to determine the utility of this finding. Disclosure: Dr. Strohm has nothing to disclose. Dr. John has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose.
Development of Regional Cerebral Oedema After Lateral Fluid-Percussion Brain Injury in the Rat

Most studies attempting to characterize post-traumatic oedema formation have focused on the acute postinjury period. We have recently developed a new model of lateral (parasagittal) fluidpercussion (FP) brain injury in the rat. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the temporal course of oedema formation and resolution in this experimental model of brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 67) were anaesthetized and subjected to FP brain injury of moderate severity. Animals were sacrified at 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after brain injury, brains removed and assayed for water content using either specific gravitimetric or wet weight/dry weight techniques. In the injured left parietal cortex, a significant increase in water content was observed by 6 hours postinjury (p < 0.05) that persisted up to 5 days postinjury. A prolonged and significant increase in water content was also observed in the left (ipsilateral) hippocampus which began at 1 hour postinjury (p < 0.05) and continued up to 3 days. Other regions examined showed no significant regional oedema after brain injury. These results suggest that lateral FP brain injury produces an early focus oedema that persists for a prolonged period after trauma. This model may be useful in the evaluation of novel pharmacological therapies designed to reduce cerebral oedema after brain injury.
Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease

Insulin resistance has been defined as a state (of a cell, tissue, system, or body) in which greater-than-normal amounts of insulin are required to elicit a quantitatively normal response (1). The list of adverse events to which insulin resistance potentially contributes has grown as researchers have examined the critical links underlying these relationships. One of the most important of these is the increased risk from cardiovascular disease. The link between concentrations of insulin and coronary heart disease was first made in the late 1960s (2). Since then, a solid body of evidence that supports insulin resistance syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease has accumulated. In this chapter, the epidemiologic evidence linking insulin resistance to cardiovascular disease will be reviewed. The focus will be on prospective studies of mostly population samples.
Dominating Points for General Sequences of Random Vectors

Let E be a separable Banach space, μ a probability measure on E, \({\left\{ {{X_j}} \right\}_{j \geqslant 1}}\) an independent and identically distributed [i.i.d.] sequence with common distribution μ, and \({S_n} = \sum {_{j = 1}^n} {X_j}\). Cramer’s large deviation theorem for E = ℝ d and its extension by Donsker-Varadhan [D-V] and Bahadur-Zabell [B-Z] to general E (see also [de A1]) give asymptotic logarithmic bounds for {v n (B)}, where B is a Borel set in E and v n = S n /n). In this context, it is of interest to identify subsets of E for which the asymptotic logarithmic bounds can be upgraded to the non-logarithmic level.
Choline Metabolism, Membrane Phospholipids, and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and even apparently-normal aging are associated with defects in brain choline metabolism. This chapter describes these abnormalities as well as some of the experimental systems used to study their mechanisms and effects. Cell culture, superfused brain slices, in vivo microdialysis, postmortem tissue analysis, and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have been employed. Available data suggest that these defects provide a biochemical basis for the special vulnerability of cholinergic neurons in AD.