cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The developmental field concept in clinical genetics.

Fields are those parts of the embryo in which the processes of development of complex structure appropriate to those parts are controlled and coordinated in a spatially ordered, temporally synchronized, and epimorphically hierarchical manner. Disturbances of field development may be corrected or may lead to anomalies of abnormal or incomplete differentiation. Powerful evidence for the existence of developmental fields comes from the observation of identical malformations resulting from two or more different causes; this identifies groups of embryonic structures that respond as a single developmental unit. Early action of a dysmorphogenetic cause in a field may lead to an extensive defect (e.g., cyclopic holoprosencephaly), later action to a lesser defect (e.g., single upper central incisor as mildest expression of autosomal-dominant holoprosencephaly). Disturbances of "long-distance" inductive relationships between primordia may simulate the presence of a malformation syndrome (e.g., renal and limb anomalies as disturbance of the acrorenal developmental field). The biology of developmental fields is complex but accessible through knowledge of comparative anatomy and embryology, phylogeny, experimental embryology, developmental genetics, and teratology. It challenges the clinician to a deeper understanding of development in order to give better care to the malformed and their families.
Alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity of huntingtin polyglutamine aggregates in striatum and cortex of Huntington's disease patients and transgenic mouse models

Polyglutamine expansions in proteins are implicated in at least eight inherited neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. These mutant proteins can form aggregates within the nucleus and processes of neurons possibly due to misfolding of the proteins. Polyglutamine aggregates are ubiquitinated and sequester molecular chaperone proteins and proteasome components. To investigate other protein components of polyglutamine aggregates, cerebral cortex and striata from patients with Huntington's disease and full-length cDNA transgenic mouse models for this disease were examined immunohistochemically for α-synuclein reactivity. Our findings demonstrate that α-synuclein can be used as a marker for huntingtin polyglutamine aggregates in both human and mice. Moreover in the HD transgenic mice, the intensity of immunoreactivity increases with age. The significance of recruitment of α-synuclein into huntingtin aggregates and its translocation away from the synapses remains to be determined. We propose that aberrant interaction of mutant huntingtin with other proteins, including α-synuclein, may influence disease progression.
Functional dyspepsia, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and transit in children.

Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of abnormal gastric emptying and small bowel transit in children with functional dyspepsia at a tertiary care center, and the relationship between abnormal gastric and small bowel transit and symptoms in pediatric patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Study design Patients were selected by a cross-sectional chart review based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) completion of scintigraphic study of the gastric emptying of solids at 2 hours (GE2), 4 hours (GE4), and small bowel transit at 6 hours (SBT) using a standardized egg meal labeled with 99mTechnetium sulfur colloid, and (2) gastrointestinal (GI) complaints without mucosal or organic disease. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the presence of upper GI symptoms, and each parameter of gastric and small bowel transit. Results Children with upper GI symptoms (n = 96) were identified. Among 57 children with functional dyspepsia, 40% had slow SBT. Fast GE at 4 hours, and slow SBT were independently associated with bloating. Children with fast SBT were less likely to report abdominal pain. Conclusion Incorporating assessments of gastric and small bowel transit may be useful in the evaluation of pediatric patients with upper GI symptoms and functional dyspepsia.
Instantiation of solid state fault isolation devices for future power electronic based distribution systems

This paper addresses the timely issues of modeling of, and defining selection criteria for, a solid state fault isolation device (FID) to be used in power electronic based distribution systems (PEDS). Circuit interruption requirements and FID location in power electronics based distribution system are discussed in this paper. The paper subsequently derives the FID parameters by mapping the characteristics of a conventional medium-voltage distribution system onto that of the PEDS envisioned under a new multi-university Engineering Research Center funded by the National Science Foundation. A design of a high frequency solid state transformer (SST) is presented and evaluated. An average-value simulation model of a SST, as the interface of the PEDS to the legacy system, is used to derive key parameters of the FID. The simulation and experimental results validated the feasibility of the proposed FID topology. Finally, the conceptual Power Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation setup for testing the FID under various system conditions is presented.
HIV-1 Resistance to Maraviroc Conferred by a CD4 Binding Site Mutation in the Envelope Glycoprotein gp120

Maraviroc (MVC) is a CCR5 antagonist that inhibits HIV-1 entry by binding to the coreceptor and inducing structural alterations in the extracellular loops. In this study, we isolated MVC-resistant variants from an HIV-1 primary isolate that arose after 21 weeks of tissue culture passage in the presence of inhibitor. gp120 sequences from passage control and MVC-resistant cultures were cloned into NL4-3 via yeast-based recombination followed by sequencing and drug susceptibility testing. Using 140 clones, three mutations were linked to MVC resistance, but none appeared in the V3 loop as was the case with previous HIV-1 strains resistant to CCR5 antagonists. Rather, resistance was dependent upon a single mutation in the C4 region of gp120. Chimeric clones bearing this N425K mutation replicated at high MVC concentrations and displayed significant shifts in 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s), characteristic of resistance to all other antiretroviral drugs but not typical of MVC resistance. Previous reports on MVC resistance describe an ability to use a drug-bound form of the receptor, leading to reduction in maximal drug inhibition. In contrast, our structural models on K425 gp120 suggest that this resistant mutation impacts CD4 interactions and highlights a novel pathway for MVC resistance.
Durkheim's Concept of Anomie as Dérèglement

We contrast the functionalists' depiction of anomie as normlessness with Durkheim's explicit claim that anomie is a state of painful dereglement (derangement). We examine Durkheim's terms for anomie, analyzing his vocabulary both etymologically and throughout his major writings. We conclude that the notion of anomie as normlessness is incorrect. Anomie as dereglement implies that it is a painful condition for society and its members. Our understanding of anomie is also commensurate with Durkheim's focus on morality, particularly his understanding of a “science of moral facts.”
Heavy right-handed neutrinos and dark matter in the νCMSSM

We perform a systematic study of the effects of the type-I seesaw mechanism on the dark matter abundance in the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) which includes three right-handed neutrinos (the {nu}CMSSM). For large values of m{sub 0}, m{sub 1/2}, we exploit the effects of large neutrino Yukawa couplings on the renormalization group evolution of the up-type Higgs. In particular, we show that the focus point scale can greatly exceed the electroweak scale resulting in the absence of a focus point region for which the relic density of neutralinos is within the range determined by WMAP. We also discuss the effects of the right-handed neutrinos on the so-called funnel region, where the relic density is controlled by s-channel annihilations through a heavy Higgs. For small values of m{sub 0}, m{sub 1/2}, we discuss the possibility of sneutrino coannihilation regions with an emphasis on the suppression of the left-handed slepton doublet masses due to the neutrino Yukawa coupling. We consider two types of toy models consistent with either the normal or inverted hierarchy of neutrino masses.
Predictors of post-traumatic headache severity among deployed military personnel.

(Headache 2011;51:945-953) Objective.— The current study used a cross-sectional observational design to evaluate the relationship between psychological, physiological, and contextual factors and headache severity among 133 deployed military personnel and 4 civilian contractors diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) referred to a combat support hospital in Iraq. Background.— Although TBI and headache sequelae have been documented for military combatants, little is known about factors associated with headache severity. Methods.— Military personnel (n = 157) and civilian (n = 4) contractors referred to a combat support hospital in Iraq underwent a standardized intake evaluation which included computerized neurocognitive testing, psychological and physical health questionnaires, a clinical interview, and a physical examination by a physician. Results.— Results of zero-inflated Poisson regression modeling suggest that insomnia is associated with increased likelihood for endorsement of any headache, but loss of consciousness, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and slowed reaction time only are predictive of headache severity. Among the subset of patients presenting to the combat support hospital within 7 days of mTBI (n = 101), number of TBI symptoms demonstrated a non-significant trend toward increased likelihood of headache endorsement of any kind, with loss of consciousness, post-traumatic stress disorder, and slowed reaction time demonstrating significant relationships with headache severity. Conclusion.— Knowledge of predictors of post-concussive headache onset and severity may assist clinicians in making important decisions regarding treatment recommendations for veterans with mTBI.
Chlorine, Sulfur, and Water in Magmas and Oceans

The concentrations of chlorine, sulfur, and water in basaltic and andesitic glasses trapped in large crystals are commonly 5 to 20 times as high as those found in vesicular glasses and bulk lavas. Chlorine and sulfur concentrations in trapped glasses range from 100 to 2,200 ppm and from 50 to 2,800 ppm, respectively. Vesicular glasses contain 100 to 600 ppm chlorine and 50 to 400 ppm sulfur. The chlorine-rich trapped glasses tend to have high water contents, from 1 to 7 percent by weight. In general, the basaltic trapped glasses have as high or higher concentrations of chlorine, sulfur, and water as do the andesitic glasses. For individual eruptions, water-rich magmas (Mount Shasta, California) lose an appreciable fraction of their chlorine prior to extrusion, whereas water-poor magmas (Kilauea, Hawaii) lose little if any chlorine, even after extrusion. Apparently, water acts as a carrier gas and distills chlorine out of magmas as it boils away. The behavior of sulfur is complex and appears to reflect pre-eruption saturation with respect to a sulfide melt and strong loss of sulfur as SO 2 during eruption (the pre-eruption fugacity of SO 2 is about 60 atm for Kilauean fractionated basalt). The potential chlorine, sulfur, and water contents of andesitic magmas have been estimated by assuming derivation from basaltic precursors and extrapolating the volatile contents of related basalts along lines of constant ratios to K 2 O to 1 percent K 2 O. The potential volatile concentrations are: 0.08 to 0.66 percent Cl, 0.10 to 0.67 percent S, and about 5 to 15 percent H 2 O. Assuming that the estimated rate of production of continental crust in Cenozoic island arcs has been constant throughout earth history, the total amounts of Cl, H 2 O, and continental crust produced are within factors of 0.3 to 4 times the presently existing masses of these substances in the surface reservoir of sea water, sediment, and crust. The amount of sulfur produced is larger than that in the reservoir. Sulfur probably is less efficiently transferred into the surface reservoir than are chlorine and water. The data can be reconciled with models of recycling of volatiles through the mantle, but the near coincidence of residence times for chlorine, water, and crust in the surface reservoir with the age of the earth is not explained. Also, the equality between the C1/H 2 O ratio of oceanic tholeiite, Kilauean basalt, and H 2 O-rich Mount Shasta basalts with the same ratio for the surface reservoir is consistent with the idea of igneous derivation and permanent storage of Cl and H 2 O in the surface reservoir.
Pragmatism, Bourdieu, and collective emotions in contentious politics

We aim to show how collective emotions can be incorporated into the study of episodes of political contention. In a critical vein, we systematically explore the weaknesses in extant models of collective action, showing what has been lost through a neglect or faulty conceptualization of collective emotional configurations. We structure this discussion in terms of a review of several “pernicious postulates” in the literature, assumptions that have been held, we argue, by classical social-movement theorists and by social-structural and cultural critics alike. In a reconstructive vein, however, we also lay out the foundations of a more satisfactory theoretical framework. We take each succeeding critique of a pernicious postulate as the occasion for more positive theory-building. Drawing upon the work of the classical American pragmatists–especially Peirce, Dewey, and Mead–as well as aspects of Bourdieu's sociology, we construct, step by step, the foundations of a more adequate theorization of social movements and collective action. Accordingly, the negative and positive threads of our discussion are woven closely together: the dismantling of pernicious postulates and the development of a more useful analytical strategy.
From Active Perception to Active Cooperation Fundamental Processes of Intelligent Behavior

In the ten years since we put forward the idea of active perception (Bajcsy 1985, Bajcsy 1988) we have found that cooperative processes of various kinds and at various levels are often called for. In this paper we suggest that a proper understanding of cooperative processes will lead to a foundation for intelligent behavior and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for some of the difficult and open problems in the understanding of intelligent behaviors.
A high-speed wide-range low-distortion constant-gm cell design for GHz applications

A wide-range, low-distortion, constant-gm building block called pseudo-differential pair (PDP) suitable for high-speed applications is presented. For a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS typical process, 1.8V supply, simulation results show that over 1.1V/sub PP/ differential input range, gm variations can be maintained within /spl plusmn/0.15%; at 100MHz, total harmonic distortion (THD) < -64dB; at 10GHz, THD < -39dB. It Is the fastest wide-range low-distortion constant-gm reported to date.
Anwendung der 2‐Azaallylanionen‐Cycloaddition in der enantioselektiven Totalsynthese von (+)‐Coccinin

Ein hochfunktionalisiertes Perhydroindol entsteht bei der intramolekularen [π4s+π2s]-Cycloaddition eines 2-Azaallylanions mit einem Vinylsulfid [Gl. (a), Bn=Benzyl]. Dies ist der Schlusselschritt bei der Totalsynthese von (+)-Coccinin, dem Enantiomer des Amaryllidaceae-Alkaloids (−)-Coccinin.
Neighboring-patch integrals in transient electromagnetic scattering

The integrals over patches that are close to the self-patch are calculated by expanding the factors in the integrand in power series. The values are computed analytically up to first order in the linear size of the patch. This procedure applies to patches for which the distance between the centers is of the same order of magnitude as the size of the patch. The same formulas are useful in steady-state scattering problems.
A Distinctive Interaction Between Chronic Anxiety and Problem Solving in Asymptomatic APOE e4 Homozygotes

We correlated measures of problem solving (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST] categories, total errors, and perseverative errors) and chronic anxiety (Personality Assessment Inventory Anxiety Scale [ANX]) in asymptomatic apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 homozygotes (HMZs), heterozygotes, and noncarriers (NC) (n = 42 in each group) matched for age, education, and gender. Differences between HMZ and NC in the slope of the regression of WCST scores on ANX reached statistical significance on all three WCST measures. Chronic anxiety adversely affects cognitive skills in all groups, and is associated with significantly greater decline in problem solving skills in cognitively normal APOE e4 HMZ.
Allelic Discrimination for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Gene Locus Using Fluorescent Probes

The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI), a multiligand receptor, appears to be a physiologically relevant HDL receptor in rodents (1)(2). To determine its role in humans, the human SRB1 gene has been characterized (3)(4) and its genetic variation investigated in a Caucasian population (4). We have reported three variants, at exons 1 and 8 and intron 5, with allele frequencies >0.1 that have significant associations with lipid and anthropometric variables (4). The exon 1 variant (G→A) was associated with a favorable, antiatherogenic lipid profile in men. Women carriers of the intron 5 variant (C→T) showed a higher body mass index ( P = 0.031) than those women homozygous for the common (wild-type) allele. The exon 8 variant (C→T) was associated with lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with those homozygous for the common (wild-type) allele. All three variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and genotyping was carried out by restriction digestion with Alu I, Hae III, and Apa I for exon 1, exon 8, and intron 5, respectively. Because these are the first published associations indicating that SR-BI may play a role in lipid metabolism, these observations need to be examined and confirmed in other populations. Traditionally, genotyping for genetic mutations has been analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion …
Exposure to high concentrations of inspired oxygen does not worsen lung injury after cardiac arrest.

Introduction Post-cardiac arrest patients are often exposed to 100% oxygen during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the early post-arrest period. It is unclear whether this contributes to development of pulmonary dysfunction or other patient outcomes.
Measuring the Development of Kinship Terminologies: Scalogram and Transformational Accounts of Crow-type Systems1

F OR very nearly a century the development of Crow kinship terminology has been a dominant theoretical concern of social anthropology (e.g. Morgan 1871; Kohler 1897; Rivers 1914, 1924:61; Lowie 1917a, 1928:265, 1930, 1932; White 1939, 1959:133; Murdock 1949; Lane and Lane 1959; Eyde and Postal 1961; Moore 1963).2 Attempts to account for Crow systems have specified causal relationships between the terminology and preferential marriage systems, lineage organization, and residence rules. Crow terminology, it has been suggested, is a result of variations in the above variables, operating individually, or in various combinations. Theoreticians have either assumed that (1) the determinative social institutions were, in most cases, found in association with the terminology, or (2) that when the terminology occurred in the absence of the specified institutions, survivals were to be expected; they were often found. Alternatively ethnologists have suggested that the absence of either the terminology or the determinative institution was a consequence of one extinguishing the other. For example, although an asymmetric alliance system i.e., matrilateral marriage causes the development of Crow terminology, under certain conditions, Crow terminology extinguishes the matrilateral preference [cf. Eyde and Postal 1961]. Thus, both the development of Crow terminology, and the non-association of asymmetric alliance and Crow systems are explained. There is one basic objection to all of the above interpretations. Virtually all previous attempts to account for Crow systems have seriously truncated the terminology. At most, four or five terminological assignments have been accounted for. An acceptable theory must account for all of the consanguineal assignments of all Crow systems. An acceptable genetic model should be formal, explicit, complete, and simple. An acceptable developmental model should structure the variability between the systems which the genetic model generates, allowing us to sequentially order Crow systems within a logical taxonomic hierarchy, as chemical elements are ordered within the periodic table.
The risk matrix

Neuroimaging methods (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging or FMRI) can now resolve momentary changes in deep brain activity that not only correlate with but also predict risky choice. Accumulating evidence beginning from financial choice studies but extending into other domains indicates that risk assessment recruits activity in multiple core components which differentially promote (e.g., ventral striatum) versus inhibit (e.g., anterior insula) risky choice. Further, frontal control circuits may modulate the influence of these core components on risky choice. These findings point toward an emerging consensus about a ‘risk matrix’ whose components unite previously disparate literatures related to anticipation of reward versus pain and whose measurement can improve the prediction of risky choice.
Detection of Microgels in EOR Polymers Using Microcapillary Flow

The success of the use of polymers in enhanced oil recovery operations depends on the ability to inject large volumes of polymer solution into the oil bearing formation. Often, polymer solutions contain small, but significant amounts of insoluble material which can cause plugging of the reservoir [1]. Such damage to the reservoir can be irreversible. Thus, it is important to know the “residue” or “microgel” content of a polymer solution before the solution is injected.
Academic help seeking from peers during adolescence: The role of social goals

Abstract This study examined longitudinal associations among social goals and academic help seeking among peers during early adolescence. Students self-reported social goals (dominance, intimacy, popularity), efficacy (academic, social), teacher support, and help seeking among peers (adaptive, expedient, avoidance of help seeking) across the sixth grade ( N = 345; 49% females, ages 11–12). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated social goals influenced subsequent expedient and adaptive help seeking (but not avoidance of help seeking) after controlling for efficacy, teacher support, and prior help seeking. There were gender differences in the mean-levels of constructs and the effect of goals. Popularity goals were positively related and intimacy goals were negatively related to expedient help seeking. For boys, dominance goals were negatively related to adaptive help seeking and positively related to expedient help seeking. For girls, intimacy goals were positively related to adaptive help seeking and dominance goals were negatively related to expedient help seeking. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Black Esophagus: A Rare But Deadly Disease

We present a series of cases of acute esophageal necrosis along with a video demonstration. The video captures a case showing the severity of necrosis of the esophageal mucosa; an orogastric tube easily passed through the esophageal lumen and into the right hemithorax. The series also demonstrates the severity of this illness, with an associated high mortality rate.
Digital holographic imaging of multi-phase flows

In-line digital holography is applied to study multi-phase flows. Caustic formed by bubbles are studied and used to sort different phases in the flows.
Wide-field Mesh-based Monte Carlo method in time-domain Fluorescence Molecular Tomography

We evaluated the potential of mesh-based Monte Carlo method for widefield time-resolved fluorescence tomography in pre-clinical settings. The in silico results established that this method is computationally efficient for optical tomography.
Commentary on Biasing Effects of Pilot Samples and Gillett's Observations on the Stein Confidence Interval

A previous note demonstrated that correctable bias is present when pilot sample information is used to establish sample size. Though Gillett claims that the Stein approach is a superior method for ...
Pilot Rating Classification of the HH-60H Sea Hawk Helicopter

[Abstract] The pilot ratings from at-sea dynamic interface launch/recovery flight tests of the HH-60H Seahawk helicopter have been modeled by an adaptive, user-friendly classification scheme called Sequential Function Approximation (SFA). The resulting pilot rating classification model has been used satisfactorily to evaluate the sensitivity to 13 dependent parameters that include ship, aircraft and environmental conditions. The classification algorithm employed is greedy in nature and is based on a sequential Galerkin approach to artificial neural networks. The algorithm is compared to other standard procedures like support vector machines and nearest neighbor classifiers optimized on the test data set. The experimental tests show that the algorithm gives comparable performance with the benefit of minimum user interaction. Exponential error convergence is demonstrated and an attempt is made to determine the minimum number of flight tests required before the SFA classifier is sufficiently trained to predict pilot ratings, thereby saving considerable time and expense in conducting Dynamic Interface tests.
Relay Interpreting: A Solution for Languages of Limited Diffusion?

Clients of public service agencies are often speakers of minority languages or languages of limited diffusion (LLDs) for which it is difficult to find interpreters. If no interpreter is available in a given language combination, relay interpreting may provide a solution. This profile describes an attempt to address the shortage of indigenous language interpreters in the United States by training selected speakers of these languages to work in a relay situation with certified Spanish-English interpreters in a variety of settings. The course, ‘Indigenous Relay Interpreter Training’, was presented to two different groups by the International Interpretation Resource Centre in conjunction with two other agencies, under a grant from Oxfam America. Participants heard lectures about the different settings in which dialogue interpreters work and the role of the interpreter, collaborated on subject-matter glossaries in indigenous languages, and practised relay interpreting with English-Spanish interpreters....
BILEAFLET MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE AND THE RISK OF VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS AND DEATH

Bileaflet mitral valve prolapse (BiMVP) is common among survivors of otherwise unexplained sudden cardiac death, but prognostic implications of BiMVP are unknown. This study evaluated whether patients with BiMVP are at higher risk for ventricular dysrhythmias, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Origins of the French Bastides

The bastides of Languedoc form a significant sector of medieval urban history, yet their descriptions are often clouded by conflicting opinions and anachronistic views. This article aims to clarify some of the confusion about the word “bastide” through an etymological study and examination of charters in which the word was first used to designate new towns. The economic and political contexts preceding the bastide foundations are equally important. The bastides did not appear in southwestern France as an ex novo phenomenon ; rather, they followed on the heels of experiments in residential development and in a monetary economy that had been ongoing for two centuries by the counts of Toulouse.
Taking Inspiration from Reggio Emilia: An Analysis of a Professional Development Workshop on Fostering Authentic Art in the Early Childhood Classroom.

ABSTRACTThis article documents the implementation of a professional development workshop on the Reggio Emilia approach in early childhood art education. It describes how early childhood educators participated in a collaborative collage experience and how a similar art activity can be engaging for young children. It also highlights philosophies, strategies, and elements of the Reggio approach and elucidates how they can be easily integrated into early childhood classroom praxis.
Camp nursing : An opportunity for meeting psychiatric mental health needs

The camp nurse used many therapeutic interventions that enhanced growth of campers. Having a broad goal to build therapeutic alliances in each interaction with others helped the nurse in this experience to accomplish many unforeseen positive health outcomes. Each encounter can become an opportunity for growth by the participants. Camp nursing is truly an invigorating experience when the nurse enters the work place with a positive view that each person displays a variety of strengths. Through listening and providing encouragement, the nurse is able to assist campers to arrive at answers to difficult issues and leave the experience achieving growth and development.
Comments on skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction: a critical analysis of local recurrence.

Nous avons isole et caracterise un variant resistant a la colchicine (HBL100/R C ) a partir des cellules parentales sensibles (HBL100/S). Les cellules HBL100/R C possedent un phenotype multi drogue resistant (MDR) typique, instable en absence de colchicine (Col) (HBL100/R 0 ). Nous avons analyse l'expression des oncogenes nucleaires (c-myc, c-myb, c-jun et c-fos) et des marqueurs de differenciation (surface et cytoplasme) entre cellules resistantes traitees ou non et cellules sensibles. Le traitement a la doxorubicine (DOX) ou a la Col diminue le taux d'ARNm de c-myc et de c-myb et augmente celui de c-jun et de c-fos. Parallelement, nous observons une augmentation de l'expression des marqueurs de differenciation et du degre de resistance multi drogue
Multicriterion Risk and Reliability Analysis in Hydrologic System Design and Operation

In the first part of this study, reliability in hydrologic design and operation is defined within a general discrete state discrete time system framework. The system definition is composed of time scale, state, input, output, system function and readout or output function. The state includes performance indices PI (level of service, quality of service, ratio of resistance to load) and the output includes figures of merit FM combining the PI’s. The reliability PI is the ratio of the number of times the system is not in a failure mode over the number of time periods. The definition of other uncertainty - related criteria (repairability or resilience, vulnerability, engineering risk) within the same system framework is also presented.
Outcome of Adolescents and Young Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) As Compared to Pediatric AML Patients: Real World Data from SEER Registry

Background: Limited data exists regarding the characteristics and outcomes of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which are largely under-represented in both pediatric and adult trials. We sought to compare the characteristics and outcomes of AYAs with AML using a large population based registry in the United States. Methods: We utilized Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-18 registry to identify all pediatric (0-18 years) and AYA (age 19-30 years) patients diagnosed with AML using appropriate histology codes based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd version. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were excluded from all analysis. Survival statistics were computed for each group using actuarial (Kaplan-Meier method) and compared using Z test for comparison of population proportions. Early mortality, defined as mortality within 1 month of diagnosis, was used as a surrogate for treatment related mortality. Kaplan Meier survival curves were plotted and compared using log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression model. All p values were two sided and the level of significance was chosen at 0.05. Results: A total of 6343 eligible patients were identified, which comprised 2836 (44.7%) AYAs. A total of 52% (n=3346) were males, whereas 76%(n=4825) were whites. Histologically, majority of patients (56%; n=3545) were categorized as AML, not otherwise specified, followed by acute monocytic leukemia (9.9%, n=630). Majority (55%; n-3509) of the patients were diagnosed between 2001-2012. The early mortality rate was lower in the pediatric AML patients (pAML) as compared to AYAs (6.2% vs 9.2%; p<0.01). Similarly the 1 year (70.3% versus 62.1%; p <0.01) and 5 year (48.2% vs 36.4%; p<0.01) was higher in pediatric patients as compared to AYAs. Kaplan Meier plot showed worse overall survival of AYAs compared to pAMLs (Figure 1; p value of log rank <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed higher early mortality among AYAs as compared to pAML patients (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.23-1.79; p<0.01). Similarly Cox regression showed worse overall survival among AYAs as compared to pAML (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.26-1.44; p <0.01) Conclusions: Our population based analysis shows worse overall survival among AYAs as compared to pAML patients. Future clinical trials specifically focused on this age group are warranted to establish appropriate treatment regimens in this population. ![Figure 1.][1] Figure 1. Kaplan Meier Survival curve showing cumulative survival among pediatric patients with AML as compared to AYAs. Log rank test showed statistically significant difference between the two curves (p value <0.01) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: pending:yes
Identification of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-4 In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Monoclonal Antibody 225.28

Abstract 4885 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CSPG4) is a membrane-bound proteoglycan that is expressed on the surface of differentiated malignant cells, progenitor cells, and cancer initiating cells in various types of solid tumors. CSPG4 is highly conserved through evolution; its structure, amino acid sequence and functional properties show a high degree of homology with its rat counterpart, named neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2). CSPG4 has been shown to be involved in the activation of several signaling pathways that play an important role in tumor progression. Because of its high levels of expression on malignant cells and its restricted distribution in normal tissues, CSPG4 is potential candidate tumor marker and target for immune- and targeted therapy. CSPG4 has been shown previously to be expressed on AML cells using an antibody raised against the rat counterpart and levels of expression were correlated with the clinical course of the disease. In this report we extend these findings by identifying a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed at a human CSPG4 epitope and then used this antibody to examine co-expression with other common markers in AML as well as important molecular/cytogenetic abnormalities. Initially we screened a panel of 15 CSPG4-specific mAb which recognize 7 distinct epitopes for reactivity with leukemic blasts. mAb 225.28 was shown to have the highest reactivity and was selected for further studies. CSPG4 expression using mb225.28 was detected in 18/18 peripheral blood samples containing AML blasts at levels ranging from 0.2% to 98%. 7 samples showed less than 10% CSPG4 positive cells, 2 showed 10 – 20% positivity, 4 showed 20 – 30% positivity, and 5 showed greater than 30% positivity. CSPG-4 expression was not confined to any single blast sub-population defined by co-staining with CD34, CD117 and CD33. The expression of CSPG4 was shown on leukemic cells with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements, FTL3 mutation, NPM1 mutation, and complex cytogenetic abnormalities. These results indicate that the expression of CSPG4 is not restricted to any sub-type of AML or confined to one developmental compartment and using the mAb 225.28 CSPG4 may constitute a potential marker for AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
PHLPPing through history: a decade in the life of PHLPP phosphatases

In the decade since their discovery, the PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP) have emerged as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with various pathophysiologies, ranging from cancer to degenerative diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. The two PHLPP isozymes, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, were identified in a search for phosphatases that dephosphorylate Akt, and thus suppress growth factor signaling. However, given that there are over 200 000 phosphorylated residues in a single cell, and fewer than 50 Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, it is not surprising that PHLPP has many other cellular functions yet to be discovered, including a recently identified role in regulating the epigenome. Both PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 are commonly deleted in human cancers, supporting a tumor suppressive role. Conversely, the levels of one isozyme, PHLPP1, are elevated in diabetes. Thus, mechanisms to correctly control PHLPP activity in cells are critical for normal cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes the known functions of PHLPP and its role in disease.
Keep the chickens cooped: the epistemic inadequacy of free range metaphysics

This paper aims to better motivate the naturalization of metaphysics by identifying and criticizing a class of theories I call ’free range metaphysics’. I argue that free range metaphysics is epistemically inadequate because the constraints on its content—consistency, simplicity, intuitive plausibility, and explanatory power—are insufficiently robust and justificatory. However, since free range metaphysics yields clarity-conducive techniques, incubates science, and produces conceptual and formal tools useful for scientifically engaged philosophy, I do not recommend its discontinuation. I do recommend, however, ending the discipline’s bad faith. That is, I urge that free range metaphysics not be taken to have fully satisfactory epistemic credentials over and above its pragmatic ones.
A self-consistent reduced order model for current and temperature in GaN HEMTs

A physics-based reduced order self-consistent electro-thermal model is presented for AlGaN/GaN HEMT to obtain current and temperature in the device. The model uses device geometry and temperature dependent material properties as input parameters and requires minimal fitting parameters. The model has the ability to include the effects of self-heating, thermal spreading, and thermal cross-talk in a multi-finger device. The model is validated with the experimental data and physical simulations for single and multi-finger cases and provides reasonably accurate predictions for both current and temperature in the device. The model can capture the spatial variation of temperature profile across the device and therefore, can predict the finger-level variation in the drain current in a multi-finger HEMT. The model is computationally efficient, and can be used for design and analysis of GaN based devices and systems.
The Glycogen Shunt Maintains Glycolytic Homeostasis and the Warburg Effect in Cancer

Despite many decades of study there is a lack of a quantitative explanation for the Warburg effect in cancer. We propose that the glycogen shunt, a pathway recently shown to be critical for cancer cell survival, may explain the excess lactate generation under aerobic conditions characteristic of the Warburg effect. The proposal is based on research on yeast and mammalian muscle and brain that demonstrates that the glycogen shunt functions to maintain homeostasis of glycolytic intermediates and ATP during large shifts in glucose supply or demand. Loss of the glycogen shunt leads to cell death under substrate stress. Similarities between the glycogen shunt in yeast and cancer cells lead us here to propose a parallel explanation of the lactate produced by cancer cells in the Warburg effect. The model also explains the need for the active tetramer and inactive dimer forms of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) in cancer cells, similar to the two forms of Pyk2p in yeast, as critical for regulating the glycogen shunt flux. The novel role proposed for the glycogen shunt implicates the high activities of glycogen synthase and fructose bisphosphatase in tumors as potential targets for therapy.
Book Review: Mesoamerican Plazas. Arenas of Community and Power

Mesoamerican Plazas. Arenas of Community and Power. Kenichiro Tsukamoto and Takeshi Inomata, editors. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2014. 266 Pp., figures, index, bibliography. $65 (cloth).
Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Skeletal Muscle Characteristics: Effects on Force and Fatigue

This investigation aimed to determine the force and muscle surface electromyography (EMG) responses to different frequencies of electrical stimulation (ES) in two groups of muscles with different size and fiber composition (fast- and slow-twitch fiber proportions) during a fatigue-inducing protocol. Progression towards fatigue was evaluated in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and vastus lateralis (VL) when activated by ES at three frequencies (10, 35, and 50Hz). Ten healthy adults (mean age: 23.2 ± 3.0 years) were recruited; participants signed an IRB approved consent form prior to participation. Protocols were developed to 1) identify initial ES current intensity required to generate the 25% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at each ES frequency and 2) evaluate changes in force and EMG activity during ES-induced contraction at each frequency while progressing towards fatigue. For both muscles, stimulation at 10Hz required higher current intensity of ES to generate the initial force. There was a significant decline in force in response to ES-induced fatigue for all frequencies and for both muscles (p<0.05). However, the EMG response was not consistent between muscles. During the progression towards fatigue, the APB displayed an initial drop in force followed by an increase in EMG activity and the VL displayed a decrease in EMG activity for all frequencies. Overall, it appeared that there were some significant interactions between muscle size and fiber composition during progression towards fatigue for different ES frequencies. It could be postulated that muscle characteristics (size and fiber composition) should be considered when evaluating progression towards fatigue as EMG and force responses are not consistent between muscles.
Marketing energy efficiency: perceived benefits and barriers to home energy efficiency

Energy efficiency contributes significantly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the associated mitigation of climate change. The uptake of energy efficiency measures in the residential sector requires significant effort on the part of homeowners or residents. Past research has revealed that cost savings and social interaction motivate energy efficiency behavior. This study expands on this research by examining the hypothesis that there are regional differences in what motivates individuals to implement home energy efficiency upgrades. Two surveys (N = 320 and N = 423) examine the perceived benefits of and barriers to undertaking home energy efficiency improvements in varying geographic regions across the USA and test marketing materials that target these benefits and barriers. The hypothesis that there are regional differences in perceptions of energy efficiency was confirmed. Cost savings were found to be the most important benefit to individuals across the country. Energy efficiency being a good investment is either the second or third most important benefit across all regions. Increased comfort is the last of the top three most important benefits to those in the South and Midwest, while those in the Northeast demonstrated interest in the increase in home retail value associated with energy efficiency, and those in the West found the environmental benefits to be important. High costs of energy efficiency improvements were found to be the most commonly perceived barrier. Reported likelihood to enroll in a home energy efficiency program offered by one’s employer was predicted by perceived likelihood that coworkers would enroll, income level, and personal opinions about the importance of energy efficiency.
Failed Target Weight Achievement Associates with Short-Term Hospital Encounters among Individuals Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Background Hospitalizations and 30-day readmissions are common in the hemodialysis population. Actionable clinical markers for near-term hospital encounters are needed to identify individuals who require swift intervention to avoid hospitalization. Aspects of volume management, such as failed target weight (i.e, estimated dry weight) achievement, are plausible modifiable indicators of impending adverse events. The short-term consequences of failed target weight achievement are not well established.Methods Statistically deidentified data were taken from a cohort of Medicare-enrolled, prevalent hemodialysis patients treated at a large dialysis organization from 2010 to 2012. We used a retrospective cohort design with repeated intervals, each consisting of 180-day baseline, 30-day exposure assessment, and 30-day follow-up period, to estimate the associations between failed target weight achievement and the risk of 30-day emergency department visits and hospitalizations. We estimated adjusted risk differences using inverse probability of exposure weighted Kaplan-Meier methods.Results A total of 113,561 patients on hemodialysis contributed 788,722 study intervals to analyses. Patients who had a postdialysis weight >1.0 kg above the prescribed target weight in ≥30% (versus <30%) of exposure period treatments had a higher absolute risk (risk difference) of 30-day: emergency department visits (2.13%; 95% confidence interval, 2.00% to 2.32%); and all-cause (1.47%; 95% confidence interval, 1.34% to 1.62%), cardiovascular (0.31%; 95% confidence interval, 0.24% to 0.40%), and volume-related (0.15%; 95% confidence interval, 0.11% to 0.21%) hospitalizations.Conclusions In the absence of objective measures of volume status, recurrent failure to achieve target weight is an easily identifiable clinical risk marker for impending hospital encounters among patients on hemodialysis.
Comparative analysis of different routing heuristics for the battery management of automated guided vehicles

This paper explores how different routing techniques for the battery management of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) can affect the performance of a system. Four heuristics available in the literatu...
How the Unions Deal with Globalization

The ways that unions deal with globalization are described. First, a deadly factory fire and factory building collapse in Bangladesh illustrate the dark side of globalization and the how better workplace standards are needed to protect workers in global manufacturing. The unions’ traditional approaches—organizing, bargaining, and political action—are then described and evaluated. Non-traditional approaches—the unions’ role in coalitions and International Framework Agreements (IFAs)—are then reviewed
Can There Be Brute, Contingent Moral Facts

In this paper I argue that whether or not a world is good can be a contingent fact about the world that is not dependent upon that world's natural facts, or, indeed, upon anyother facts. If so, the property, good, does not supervene upon the facts of nature (or upon any other facts). My argument for this claimis that it is possible to view the very world in which we live (viz. the natural facts that constitute it) as good and to view it as bad.
Resolution of Four Films in a Survey Camera

Resolution measurements were made on four films in a Wild RC 8 camera under a variety of controlled conditions. For the scene brightness ranges, common in aerial survey photography, and practical s...