cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat and Moisture Transfer Through Nonwoven Fabrics: Part II: Moisture Diffusivity

The geometric moisture diffusivity model developed by this research indicates that fiber volume fraction and shape coefficient are the most important structural parameters affecting water vapor diffusivity through nonhydrophilic nonwoven fabrics. Water vapor diffusivity decreases with increasing fiber volume fraction and decreases as the flatness of the fiber cross section increases. Although structural properties such as fiber fineness and fabric thickness affect optical porosity, their effect on water vapor diffusivity through nonhygroscopic nonwoven materials is small.
Examination of standardized patient performance: accuracy and consistency of six standardized patients over time.

Objective To explore the accuracy and consistency of standardized patient (SP) performance in the context of routine genetic counseling, focusing on elements beyond scripted case items including general communication style and affective demeanor.
Magnetic smart material application to adaptive X-ray optics

We discuss a technique of shape modification that can be applied to thin walled (~100-400 micron thickness) electroformed replicated optics or slumped glass optics to improve the near net shape of the mirror as well as the midfrequency ripple. The process involves sputter deposition of a magnetic smart material (MSM) film onto a permanently magnetic material. The MSM material exhibits strains about 400 times stronger than ordinary ferromagnetic materials. The deformation process involves a magnetic write head which traverses the surface, and under the guidance of active metrology feedback, locally magnetizes the surface to impart strain where needed. Designs and basic concepts as applied to space borne X-ray optics will be described.
Effects of numerical parameters used in bone fracture healing simulations

The effects of the numerical parameters used in bone fracture healing simulations are investigated systematically. It was determined that use of a relaxation method to smooth out the transient evolution of the materials properties allows a faster convergence as compared to the averaging method. It was also concluded that stepped application of the external force or displacement leads to non-smooth convergence. The cell diffusion period was tested as a numerical variable. While use of a shorter diffusion period leads to a faster convergence the results were found to be different than the longer diffusion period. It was also shown that the load and displacement cannot be easily interchanged and extensive parametric studies are required to find equivalent external load and displacement values.
The place of achievement in the life of the spirit and the education of gifted students

This essay argues that academic achievement for gifted students should be viewed in the context of the life of the spirit—life guided by a desire to realize oneself, find and live a vocation, and embody great virtues, such as generosity and love of life.
A Heuristic Scheduling Procedure for the Two Product, Single-Machine Lot Size Problem

In this paper a simple method is being presented for two products manufactured on a single machine over an infinite time horizon. The method permits unequal batch sizes for the less frequently manufactured product. An example has been solved to illustrate the method. Resume Ce memoire presente une methode simple d'agencement de la production de deux produits, a l'aide d'une seule machine, sous l'hypothese d'un horizon de planification infini. On admet l'inegalite des lots pour le produit fabrique le moins souvent. La solution d'un probleme est presentee a titre d'illustration.
Commentaries with Reader Comments, a New Feature for the Journal of Virology

We are implementing a new feature, centered on Commentaries, in this issue of the Journal of Virology (JVI). [Mart Krupovic and Dennis H. Bamford][1] have written a provocative Commentary entitled “Order to the Viral Universe.” The anonymous peer reviews of this article revealed a variety of
Experimental VUV absorbance study of fluorine-functionalized polystyrenes

A number of fluoro-functionalized poly(4-hydroxystyrene) derivatives, consisting of both blocked and unblocked hexafluoroisopropanol-substituted stryrenes, were prepared and their vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured. From our efforts, we find that a wide range of synthetic flexibility exists and allows for a variety of fluorinated analogs of APEX-like and ESCAP-like copolymers and terpolymers with 157nm absorption coefficients less than 4.0micrometers . From these findings, we conclude that facile routes to high-performance 157nm resins are possible with optimum imaging thicknesses of 100 to 130nm.
Softexplorer: estimating and optimizing the power and energy consumption of a C program for DSP applications

We present a method to estimate the power and energy consumption of an algorithm directly from the C program. Three models are involved: a model for the targeted processor (the power model), a model for the algorithm, and a model for the compiler (the prediction model). A functional-level power analysis is performed to obtain the power model. Five power models have been developed so far, for different architectures, from the simple RISC ARM7 to the very complex VLIW DSP TI C64. Important phenomena are taken into account, like cache misses, pipeline stalls, and internal/external memory accesses. The model for the algorithm expresses the algorithm's influence over the processor's activity. The prediction model represents the behavior of the compiler, and how it will allow the algorithm to use the processor's resources. The data mapping is considered at that stage. We have developed a tool, SoftExplorer, which performs estimation both at the C-level and the assembly level. Estimations are performed on real-life digital signal processing applications with average errors of 4.2% at the C-level and 1.8% at the assembly level. We present how SoftExplorer can be used to optimize the consumption of an application. We first show how to find the best data mapping for an algorithm. Then we demonstrate a method to choose the processor and its operating frequency in order to minimize the global energy consumption.
Use of ion-trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to screen and confirm drug residues in aquacultured products

Abstract Ion-trap liquid chromatography–multiple mass spectrometry (LC–MS n ) has been shown to be a valuable tool for the confirmation of animal drug residues. We have taken advantage of this to update several regulatory methods for the confirmation of drug residues in aquacultured products. Here we report two such examples. First, the use of an ion-trap electrospray instrument collecting data-dependent MS 2 and MS 3 scans to yield structurally significant ions has allowed multi-residue confirmation of fluoroquinolones in salmon tissue. Ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and difloxacin residues were positively identified in salmon muscle fortified at 5–80 μg kg −1 . These residues were also confirmed in extracts from incurred salmon tissue with final drug concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 μg kg −1 . The second example deals with multi-residue confirmation of phenicols using ion-trap LC–MS n . Comparisons of these methods with related confirmation procedures are discussed, as well as the optimization of MS n parameters to meet confirmation criteria. Initial efforts to use this instrument in conjunction with generic extraction methods to screen multi-class residues in shrimp tissue are also presented.
A moving grid finite‐element method using grid deformation

A new front tracking method based on grid deformation is combined with a streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin finite element method to produce an adaptive method for application to convection-dominated transport equations. In this work, we examine the practicality of this approach and demonstrate the method on one-dimensional examples. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Imaging the charge distribution within a single molecule

Kelvin probe force microscopy can reveal the distribution of charge within a single naphthalocyanine molecule.
Oligospermia secondary to müllerian duct cyst. Simple surgical cure.

Fertility evaluation of a twenty-three-year-old male with severe oligospermia revealed a mullerian duct cyst that appeared to compress both ejaculatory ducts. Simple endoscopic unroofing of the cyst was followed by disappearance of the mass felt rectally, improvement of the radiographic appearance of the seminal tracts, and a return of the seminal analyses to well within fertile range. Mullerian duct cysts may be a rare cause of surgically correctable male infertility. Endoscopic unroofing of small mullerian duct cysts appears to be the treatment of choice in young males in whom there is concern for preserving fertility and potency.
Removal of CO2 from multicomponent gas streams using dry-FGD wastes

A study of one potential use for wastes from dry desulfurization of flue gas, namely removal of CO 2 from natural gas, is reported. The CO 2 absorption capacity was evaluated at atmospheric temperature for FGD wastes from four utility boilers, a coal-fired demonstration plant and four pilot-plant runs. These samples were examined as both hydrated solids and aqueous slurries. Capacities ranging up to ∼55 m 3 Mg -1 were measured for the hydrated samples and up to ∼120 m 3 Mg -1 for the slurries. The effect of hydration, absorption of CH 4 and H 2 S, dissolution of metals in the slurry waters and mineralogical changes in the exposed wastes were examined.
Polyelectrolytes. X. Shear dependence of viscosity in aqueous solutions of poly‐4‐vinyl‐N‐n‐butylpyridinium bromide

Apparent viscosities of aqueous solutions of polyvinylbutylpyridinium bromide (DP = 2000), after correction for instrument constants, are linear in average rate of shear in the capillary viscometer. If a non-Newtonian solute in a Newtonian solvent is assumed, the rather complicated experimental viscosity-pressure curves at various concentrations may be summarized by the simple expression ηsp./C = z∞ (1 − αz∞β)where z∞ is ηsp./C extrapolated to zero rate of shear and β is the average velocity gradient.
CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF RORSCHACH AND THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST EGO STRENGTH MEASURES

Ego strength measures from the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test were compared for 101 college students. While intercorrelations for each technique were significant (range .24—69), no eviden...
Production and persistence of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in the forest ecosystem

Abstract The production and persistence of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, has been determined by periodic sampling of a series of natural and induced epizootics. We have demonstrated that low prevalence rates during the early instars result mainly in larval mortality of older instars which ultimately leads to the greatest production and persistence of polyhedra in the forest ecosystem. Infections in the last two larval instars are responsible for the majority of the polyhedra produced. In addition, virus produced during the early instars is largely inactivated before it becomes incorporated into duff or soil. Active virus once incorporated in the duff layer is subject to little vertical distribution in the soil and remains active for at least 11 years. Direct control measures, applied before nuclear polyhedrosis develops naturally, may prevent the accumulation and persistence of virus in forest duff and soil. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the Douglas-fir tussock moth can be reintroduced into the forest canopy through contamination of foliage by dust-borne virus.
Blocking in large mobile cellular networks with bursty traffic

We consider large cellular networks. The traffic entering the network is assumed to be correlated in both space and time. The space dependency captures the possible correlation between the arrivals to different nodes in the network, while the time dependency captures the time correlation between arrivals to each node. We model such traffic with a Markov-Modulated Poisson Process(MMPP).It is shown that even in the single node environment, the problem is not mathematically tractable. A model with an infinite number of circuits is used to approximate the finite model. A novel recursive methodology is introduced in finding the joint moments of the number of busy circuits in different cells in the network leading to accurate determination of blocking probability. A simple mixed-Poisson distribution is introduced as an accurate approximation of the distribution of the number ofbusy circuits.We show that for certain cases, in the system with an infinite number of circuits in each cell, there is no effect of mobility on the performance of the system. Our numerical results indicate that the traffic burstiness has a major impact on the system performance. The mixed-Poisson approximation is found to be a very good fit to the exact finite model. The performance of this approximation using few moments is affected by traffic burstiness and average load. We find that in a reasonable range of traffic burstiness, the mixed-Poisson distribution provides a close approximation.
Histologic evidence for impaired growth control in diphenylhydantoin gingival overgrowth in man.

Abstract Fibroblast density and collagen content in non-inflamed gingiva from patients with gingival overgrowth due to sodium 5,5-diphenylhydantoinate therapy were measured and compared to normal tissue. Direct counting of fibroblast nuclei as well as stereologic point-counting precedures were performed using stained microtome sections. In no case were fibroblasts more numerous or collagen fibres more ubiquitous in DPH-enlarged gingiva. The mature, fibrous-type DPH gingival lesion represents neither hypertrophy, hyperplasia nor fibrosis, but is an example of uncontrolled growth of a connective tissue of apparently normal cell and fibre composition.
Grafting poly(t-butyl acrylate) to poly(allylamine) by inverse microemulsion radical polymerization: From comb-polymer to amphiphilic shell crosslinked polymer nanocapsule

An interfacial grafting radical polymerization method for amphiphilic comb copolymer and shell crosslinked polymer nanocapsules was reported. Macropolyradicals on a water soluble long chain polyamine were generated with hydrogen peroxide in the water phase and subsequent grafting radical polymerization of a vinylic monomer at the water/oil interface proceeded at 65°C. In the presence of a crosslinker, the resulting graft copolymer formed a defined core-shell structure with hydrophilic aqueous core functionalized by the polyamine and a hydrophobic crosslinked polymer shell. The structure of the core-shell material was characterized by NMR, FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, TEM, and the mechanism of the graft polymerization is proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1905–1911, 2007
Arsenic supply characteristics of four cotton-producing soils

Cotton-producing soils in Louisiana average 23 mg kg−1 arsenic (As) due mainly to use of As-containing agrichemicals. Bioavailability of soil As could become an important management factor if As-tolerant cotton is rotated with other more sensitive crops. The first step in modelling As bioavailability and its uptake by plants is to characterize soil supply of As. We sought to: i) determine the relationships among solution As, resin-exchangeable solid-phase As, and As addition, and ii) examine soil properties that affect these relations. Four diverse surface soils were collected from the cotton-producing areas of the state. Five rates of As from 0 to 200 mg kg−1 were applied and the soils allowed to equilibrate at 80% of “field capacity” water content for 30 days. Total initial As, As in displaced soil solution, and resin-exchangeable solid-phase As were determined for each treatment. For all soils, the concentration of solution As increased curvilinearly with As addition, conforming to the equation Assol=axc+d. Values of “c” describing the curvilinearity ranged from 1.09 to 3.19. Curvilinearity was negatively related to both initial solution As and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable manganese (Mn) (r2=0.99). DTPA-extractable Mn complexed As from the solution phase. The concentration of resin-exchangeable solid-phase As increased at a decreasing rate with As addition. The relation was described by the equation Asresp=mxl+n, where values for the curvilinearity, l, ranged from 0.048 to 0.986. Concentrations approached a point where the adsorption sites for this phase became saturated and any additional As remained in solution. These relationships provide valuable information for modelling As uptake by plant roots.
Isomerization of dewar benzenes involving electron donor-acceptor exciplexes

Abstract Valence photoisomerization of hexamethyl (Dewar benzene) (HMDB) is sensitized by aromatic singlet photosensitizers 1,4-dicyanobenzene, 1-cyanonaphthalene, 9-cyanoanthracene, and 9,10-dicyanoanthracene with a limiting quantum efficiency of 1.0 in cyclohexane solvent. Quenching of the fluorescence of the aromatic sensitizers leads to exciplex emission which is identical to that obtained by quenching with the isomer, hexamethylbenzene (HMB). The emission is identified as HMB exciplex emission on the basis of relative lifetime and dual quenching experiments. The relative yield of HMDB-derived (“adiabatic”) emission is 20–50% depending on the excitation energy of the HMB exciplex product. Neither biacetyl singlet or triplet nor 1-cyanonaphthalene triplet photosensitization is successful in bringing about isomerization of HMDB. Dimethyl 1,4,5,6-tetramethylbicy-clo[2.20]hexa-2,5-diene-2, 3-dicarboxylate undergoes valence isomerization on quenching electron donor fluorophores, with a quantum efficiency of 0.2. The aromatic valence isomer is not produced in an excited state in this case. Factors which govern the efficiency of adiabatic and diabatic isomerization of the Dewar benzenes are discussed, including sensitizer redox properties, configuration, and multiplicity, the excitation energy and binding characteristics of exciplexes, and the Dewar benzene substituent pattern.
Erratum to: Apremilast: A Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis

The author of the above-mentioned paper would like to make the following correction to the first paragraph of the Acknowledgments section on page 16. ‘‘The author received editorial support in the preparation of this report from Kristin Carlin and Jennifer Schwinn, Peloton Advantage, LLC, Parsippany, NJ, USA, funded by Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA. The author, however, directed and is fully responsible for all content and editorial decisions for this manuscript. The named author meets the ICMJE criteria for authorship for this manuscript, takes responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and has given final approval for the version to be published.’’
Thermodynamic Properties of n-Alkoxyethanols + Organic Solvent Mixtures. XI. Total Vapor Pressure Measurements for n-Hexane, Cyclohexane or n-Heptane + 2-Ethoxyethanol at 303.15 and 323.15 K

Total vapor pressures at 303.15 and 323.15 K were measured for binary systems of n-hexane, cyclohexane, or n-heptane + 2-ethoxyethanol. Measurements were made with a Van Ness type apparatus and were fitted to the modified Margules equation using Barker's method. The five-parameter modified Margules equation represents the measurements to within an average absolute deviation of approximately 0.01 kPa. The measurements reveal positive deviations from Raoult's law. Mixtures with n-heptane and cyclohexane show azeotropic behavior at both temperatures.
Effect of Infection by Hypomyces solani f. sp. Cucurbitac on Apparent Free Space, Cell Membrane Permeability, and Respiration of Squash Hypocotyls

Initial symptoms and increases in respiration, apparent free space, and rate of leakage of amino acids occurred concomitantly in squash (Cucurbita maxima Dcne) hypocotyls infected by Hypomyces solani f. sp. cucurbitae Snyd. and Hans. Young, rapidly expanding lesions had greater respiratory rates and apparent free space than comparable tissues from healthy plants.Hypocotyl tissues above (1-45 mm) lesions possessed greater endogenous respiratory rates (2-3 times) and lower respiratory quotients than similar tissues from healthy plants. But no differences were found in membrane permeability to nonelectrolytes and water and in apparent free space between cells above lesions and healthy hypocotyls.Host cells contiguous to fungal hyphae at lesion margins were completely permeable to solutes and failed to accumulate neutral red or exhibit cyclosis.
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Fractional Cointegration with an Application to U.S. and Canadian Bond Rates

We estimate a multivariate ARFIMA model to illustrate a cointegration testing methodology based on joint estimates of the fractional orders of integration of a cointegrating vector and its parent series. Previous cointegration tests relied on a two-step testing procedure and maintained the assumption in the second step that the parent series were known to have a unit root. In our empirical example of fractional cointegration, we illustrate how uncertainty regarding the order of integration of the parent series can be even more important than uncertainty regarding the order of integration of the cointegrating vector when testing for cointegration.
Computing creativity: divergence in computational thinking

Conventionally creativity is often conceived as an aptitude to be discovered in an individual that cannot be mathematically measured. But the concept of creative thinking as a divergence from a standard "norm" is used in creativity research for the purpose of assessing creativity and is also linked to non-traditional or creative processes that lead to unique and divergent artifacts [1,2]. Using Computational Thinking Pattern Analysis (CTPA)[3], the divergence between implemented computational thinking patterns in a student-created game, and that game's tutorial "norm" is calculated as an indicator of creativity. Through a case study of one teacher using three unique learning conditions, CTPA's computed divergence is explored as a valid measurement of creativity in these student games.
Influence of diet palatability on the meal taking behavior of hypothalamic hyperphagic and normal rats.

Abstract Female rats made hyperphagic by parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts overate a palatable milk diet by greatly increasing their meal size, while meal frequency was only slightly increased. Reducing the palatability of the diet by quinine or salt adulteration decreased to normal levels the total intake and meal size, but not meal frequency of hyperphagic rats. The disruption in the diurnal feeding pattern displayed by the hyperphagic rats was relatively unaffected by diet palatability changes. The results are discussed in terms of the short and long term regulatory deficits thought to be responsible for the hypothalamic hyperphagia syndrome.
The modern quality movement: Origins, development and trends

Abstract The pursuit of quality is an age-old endeavour that dates back to the beginning of civilization. Human beings have always encountered problems pertaining to quality, although the approaches employed to manage it have differed from era to era. It was not until the twentieth century that quality came to centre stage due to the emergence of massive forces, which demanded a quality revolution. Since then, different sets of ideas, philosophies, principles, and methods have emerged. Quality continues to become a significant object of study and application in business, government, and non-profit sectors. It will probably take many decades if not a whole century for the quality management discipline to mature. In view of this, the twenty-first century may well become known to historians as the century of quality.
Resolving composition variations at interfaces by STEM

Abstract The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector is discussed with particular emphasis on the use of this instrument for analyzing composition variations at interfaces with a resolution below 10 nm. In order to achieve a spatial resolution for compositional analysis at this level care must be taken in the preparation of the sample, the sample geometry relative to the detector, and the operating characteristics of the instrument. In addition the issues of beam broadening and counting statistics are of great importance. These parameters, and a number of illustrative examples drawn from materials science, are discussed.
Patterns of Absolute Risk of Lung Cancer Mortality in Former Smokers

BACKGROUND It is well known that the relative risk (RR) of lung cancer mortality decreases following smoking cessation compared with the risk in persons who continue to smoke. However, changes in the absolute risk of lung cancer death following smoking cessation are not well documented. Further, few studies have examined the effect of age at smoking cessation on subsequent lung cancer death risk. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine and compare absolute and relative lung cancer death risks in former smokers as a function of age at cessation. METHODS Using the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II, a prospective cohort study with 6 years of follow-up, we modeled absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in individuals who had never smoked and in current and former smokers. The model was fit with the use of person-years logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Similar patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer death by age were found for all ages of smoking cessation up to the mid-60s. Lower lung cancer death risk was observed for those quitting earlier in life, and the risk for all former smokers was significantly lower than that for current smokers. For those quitting between ages 30 and 49, lung cancer death risk rose gradually with age at a rate slightly greater than that for those who had never smoked. Lung cancer death risk for former smokers quitting between ages 50 and 64 leveled off near the risk attained at the time of quitting until around age 75, when it rose sharply. At age 75, the RR for former smokers compared with current smokers was approximately 45% for those quitting in their early 60s, approximately 20% for those quitting in their early 50s, and less than 10% for those quitting in their 30s. For those who had never smoked, the RR at age 75 is less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS In terms of reduced risk of lung cancer mortality, smoking cessation is beneficial at any age, with much greater benefits accruing to those quitting at younger ages. Unlike previous research, which has primarily examined the effects of cessation as a function of years since quitting, our results demonstrate that age at cessation has a major impact on subsequent lung cancer risks. IMPLICATIONS Smokers of all ages should be encouraged to quit because cessation at any age decreases lung cancer risk relative to that of current smokers.
Immunologic basis for revaccination of HIV-infected children receiving HAART

With increasing access to antiretroviral therapy for children infected with HIV, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, better understanding of the development and maintenance of memory T- and B-cell responses to pathogens after immune reconstitution is needed to assess the risk of infection. Knowledge of long-term immune responses after starting HAART is of particular importance for policies on revaccination of HIV-infected children, who may lose protective immunity to prior infections and immunizations. We review normal development of T- and B-cell memory responses to viruses and vaccines against viral pathogens, and contrast the immunological effects of perinatal HIV transmission with HIV infection acquired later in life. We then explore the potential benefits of antiretroviral therapy and revaccination, using measles virus as a model.
Physicochemical Characteristics Associated with Transfection of Cationic Cholesterol-based Gene Delivery Vectors in the Presence of DOPE

The physicochemical properties of a novel series of cholesterol-based cationic lipids in the presence of DOPE were studied by various techniques in an effort to correlate cationic lipid structure with transfection efficacy. It was found that while DOPE improves the β-gal activity of the active AC and MC derivatives, the overall zeta potential of the particles, pDNA complexation and condensation is not improved. This is in stark contrast with the tertiary amine derivative DC whose dispersion properties were improved and its monolayer surface potential is restored at high molecular surface density in the presence of DOPE. Overall the transfection activity mediated by DC and the quaternary ammonium TC derivative was greatly improved in the presence of DOPE and is attributed to decreased cytotoxicity, improved fusogenicity and cellular association.
Associations of anti–β2‐glycoprotein I autoantibodies with HLA class II alleles in three ethnic groups

Objective. To determine any HLA associations with anti-β 2 -glycoprotein I (anti-β 2 GPI) antibodies in a large, retrospectively studied, multiethnic group of 262 patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or another connective tissue disease. Methods. Anti-β 2 GPI antibodies were detected in sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HLA class II alleles (DRB1, DQAI, and DQB1) were determined by DNA oligotyping. Results. The HLA-DQB1 * 0302 (DQ8) allele, typically carried on HLA-DR4 haplotypes, was associated with anti-β 2 GPI when compared with both anti-β 2 GPI-negative SLE patients and ethnically matched normal controls, especially in Mexican Americans and, to a lesser extent, in whites. Similarly, when ethnic groups were combined, HLA-DQB1 * 0302, as well as HLA-DQB1 * 03 alleles overall (DQB1 * 0301, * 0302, and * 0303), were strongly correlated with anti-β 2 GPI antibodies. The HLA-DR6 (DR13) haplotype DRB1 * 1302; DQB1 * 0604/5 was also significantly increased, primarily in blacks. HLA-DR7 was not significantly increased in any of these 3 ethnic groups, and HLA-DR53 (DRB4 * 0101) was increased in Mexican Americans only. Conclusion. Certain HLA class II haplotypes genetically influence the expression of antibodies to β 2 GPI, an important autoimmune response in the APS, but there are variations in HLA associations among different ethnic groups.
Effects of Long and Short Photoperiod on the Ultrastructure of Pinealocytes of the Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus)

The ultrastructure of the pinealocytes of wild-captured cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) housed in either long or short photoperiod was examined. Quantitative comparison of selected pinealocyte organelles revealed larger relative volumes of mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and inclusion bodies, as well as a higher number of dense-core vesicles in the animals kept in short photoperiod (LD 8:16) as compared to those in animals kept in long photoperiod (LD 16:8). These observations suggest that restricting the amount of light to which animals are exposed activates pinealocytes of the cotton rat.
Patterns of adaptation among black students at a predominantly white university: selected case studies.

Case studies of black students who obtained counseling at a college mental health clinic from 1969—1972 are analyzed to illustrate four modes of adaptation—withdrawal, separation, assimilation, and affirmation—of minority students to a majority university community. Knowledge of the patterns of response of minority students is of value to counselors in anticipating problems as they develop. The need for adequate counseling, remedial, and tutoring services to enhance the adaptation of those identified as high risk students is indicated.
Market-Based Coordination of Transmission and Generation Capacity Planning

We propose an ISO model for coordinating transmission expansion planning with competitive generation capacity planning in electricity markets. The purpose of the model is a holistic simulation of generation and transmission capacity expansion in the market environment. The solution represents an iterative process for simulating the interactions among GENCOs, TRANSCOs, and the ISO, which might be terminated by the ISO based on a pre-specified stopping criterion. The proposed model adopts a joint energy and transmission auction market and a capacity mechanism. The joint auction market enables competition to occur among generation and transmission resources. The capacity mechanism offers incentives for market participant investments that reflect the locational values of additional capacity. Transmission capacity expansion decisions are made by merchant transmission lines that recover their capacity investments through transmission marginal pricing and capacity payments. Transmission network security is reflected in the proposed competitive resource planning model. The examples illustrate a coordinated planning of generation and transmission in restructured power systems.
Hardness and wear properties of boron-implanted poly(ether-ether-ketone) and poly-ether-imide

Abstract The effects of boron beam irradiation on the hardness, friction, and wear of polymer surfaces were investigated. Typical high-performance thermoplastics, poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) and a poly-ether-imide (Ultem) were studied after 200 keV boron ion beam treatment at ambient temperature to doses of 2.3×10 14 , 6.8×10 14 , and 2.2×10 15 ions cm -2 . The hardnesses of pristine and boron-implanted materials were characterized by a conventional Knoop method and a load-depth sensing nanoindentation technique. Both measurements showed a significant increase in hardness with increasing dose. The increase in hardness was also found to depend on the penetration depth of the diamond indenter. Wear and friction properties were characterized by a reciprocating sliding friction tester with an SAE 52100 high-carbon, chrome steel ball at 0.5 and 1 N normal loads. Wear and frictional properties varied in a complex fashion with polymer type and dose, but not much with normal load. A substancial reduction in friction coefficient was observed for PEEK at the highest dose but no reduction was observed for Ultem. The wear damage was substantially reduced at the highest dose for both Ultem and PEEK. For the system studied, the highest dose, 2.2×10 15 ions cm -2 , appears to be optimum in improving wear resistance for both PEEK and Ultem.
Marriage at the Summit: Response to the Commentaries

This article serves as a response to the 13 commentaries on the target article, which introduced the suffocation model of marriage in America. This reply has four main sections. First, it presents an elaborated version of the suffocation model that was inspired by the commentaries. Second, it addresses three areas of significant disagreement that emerged as we digested the commentaries. Third, it examines the circumstances under which being instrumental for one's spouse's needs benefits the self. And fourth, it takes strides toward the development of a mathematically formal version of the suffocation model. It concludes with a discussion of the ways in which policymakers, clinicians, and individual Americans can capitalize upon the suffocation model to strengthen marriage and, in doing so, bolster personal well-being.
Superconducting-state energy gap parameters from specific heat measurements: MgB2 and Na0.3CoO2·1.3H2O

Specific heat data and their relation to the form of the energy gap are reviewed for Al, HfV2, and two recently discovered superconductors, MgB2 and Na0.3CoO2·1.3H2O. The data for Al and HfV2 exemplify the specific heat of, respectively, weak- and strong-coupled BCS superconductors with isotropic energy gaps. MgB2 is also known to be a BCS superconductor, but the specific heat deviates from BCS behavior in a way that shows the presence of two distinctly different energy gaps and characteristics of both weak and strong coupling. The heat capacity of Na0.3CoO2·1.3H2O is strongly sample dependent, but suggests that it is another two-gap, possibly ‘unconventional’ superconductor.
Distinct functions of chloroplast FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 in Z-ring structure and remodeling

FtsZ, a cytoskeletal GTPase, forms a contractile ring for cell division in bacteria and chloroplast division in plants. Whereas bacterial Z rings are composed of a single FtsZ, those in chloroplasts contain two distinct FtsZ proteins, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, whose functional relationship is poorly understood. We expressed fluorescently tagged FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 in fission yeast to investigate their intrinsic assembly and dynamic properties. FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 formed filaments with differing morphologies when expressed separately. FRAP showed that FtsZ2 filaments were less dynamic than FtsZ1 filaments and that GTPase activity was essential for FtsZ2 filament turnover but may not be solely responsible for FtsZ1 turnover. When coexpressed, the proteins colocalized, consistent with coassembly, but exhibited an FtsZ2-like morphology. However, FtsZ1 increased FtsZ2 exchange into coassembled filaments. Our findings suggest that FtsZ2 is the primary determinant of chloroplast Z-ring structure, whereas FtsZ1 facilitates Z-ring remodeling. We also demonstrate that ARC3, a regulator of chloroplast Z-ring positioning, functions as an FtsZ1 assembly inhibitor.
Structural, spectroscopic, and reactivity comparison of xanthene- and dibenzofuran-bridged cofacial bisporphyrins.

A comparison of the structure, spectroscopy, and oxygen atom-transfer reactivity of cofacial bisporphyrins anchored by xanthene (DPX) and dibenzofuran (DPD) pillars is presented. The synthesis and characterization of dicopper(II) and dinickel(II) complexes of DPD completes a homologous series of homobimetallic zinc(II), copper(II), and nickel(II) complexes for both cofacial platforms. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the parent free-base porphyrins H4DPX (1) and H4DPD (5) confirms the face-to-face arrangement of the two porphyrin macrocycles with a large available range of vertical pocket sizes: 1 (C80H92Cl2N8O), triclinic, space group P1, a = 13.5167(12) A, b = 21.7008(18) A, c = 23.808(2) A, α = 80.116(2)°, β = 76.832(2)°, γ = 80.4070(10)°, Z = 4; 5 (C80H83N8O2), monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 22.666(2) A, b = 13.6749(14) A, c = 42.084(4) A, β = 94.554(2)°, Z = 8. EPR spectroscopy of dicopper(II) derivatives Cu2DPX (3) and Cu2DPD (7) complements the crystallographic studies by probing intramolecu...
The role of P450 metabolism in the estrogenic activity of bifenthrin in fish.

Abstract Bifenthrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, is estrogenic in vivo in fishes. However, bifenthrin is documented to be anti-estrogenic in vitro, in the ER-CALUX (estrogen receptor) cell line. We investigated whether metabolite formation is the reason for this incongruity. We exposed Menidia beryllina (inland silversides) to 10 ng/l bifenthrin, 10 ng/l 4-hydroxy bifenthrin, and 10 ng/l bifenthrin with 25 μg/l piperonyl butoxide (PBO) – a P450 inhibitor. Metabolite-exposed juveniles had significantly higher estrogen-mediated protein levels (choriogenin) than bifenthrin/PBO-exposed, while bifenthrin alone was intermediate (not significantly different from either). This suggests that metabolites are the main contributors to bifenthrin's in vivo estrogenicity.
Simulation of Entry-Region Flow in Open-Cell Metal Foam and Experimental Validation

Open-cell metal foam is distinguished from traditional porous media by its very high porosities (often greater than 90 %), and its web-like open structure and good permeability. As such, the foam is a very attractive core for many engineered systems, e.g., heat exchangers, filtration devices, catalysts, and reactors. The flow field inside the foam is rather complex due to flow reversal and vigorous mixing. This complexity is increased by the possible presence of an entry region. The entrance region in metal foam is usually underestimated and ignored, just like its counterpart in traditional porous media. In this paper, the actual entry length is determined by simulation and direct experiment on commercial open-cell aluminum foam. It is shown to be dependent on flow velocity and to reach a constant value for higher velocities. The complex and intrinsically random architecture of the foam is idealized using a unit geometrical model, in order to numerically investigate the flow field and pressure drop inside the foam. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved directly, and velocity and pressure fields are obtained for various approach velocities using a commercial numerical package. The entry length is ascertained from the behavior of the velocity field close to the entrance. Comparisons to experimental data were also carried out. The commercial foam that was used in the experiment had 10 ppi and porosity of 91.2 %. Air was forced to flow inside the foam using an open-loop wind tunnel. Good qualitative agreement between the modeling and experimental results are obtained. The agreement lends confidence to the modeling approach and the determined entry length.
Monitoring electron spin by running geonium atom as microaccelerator.

Abstract Following the classic work of McMillan and of Bohm and Foldy, we have developed a phase equation describing the microsynchrocyclotron acceleration process in geonium. By computer integration of this equation, we are able to confirm that, by making use of the slight relativistic spin dependence of the zero-energy cyclotron frequencies, the acceleration process can be made selective enough to distinguish between spin-up and spin-down states. Quantum effects have been allowed for approximately.
Trend analysis of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure employing a pseudo-EMD method

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an emerging signal processing techniques that has found many applications. EMD decomposes a one-dimensional (1D) signal into hierarchical components known as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue, based on the local properties of the signal. The first IMF depicts the highest local oscillations, while the residue depicts the trend of a signal/data. Application of interpolation methods causes huge computation time and other artifacts, which limits the use of EMD for many real life signals. This paper introduces a pseudo EMD (P-EMD) method that replaces the interpolation step by direct envelope estimation using order statistics filters to overcome several difficulties. The P-EMD method is utilized to determine and analyze the trend of various signals including sea level pressure and sea surface temperature.
An Expanded Series of Distal Bypass Using the Distal Vein Patch Technique to Improve Prosthetic Graft Performance in Critical Limb Ischemia

Abstract Objectives The endovascular first approach has led to increasing complexity for surgical bypass especially in those patients without autogenous conduit. The use of vein interposed at the distal anastomosis has been reported to improve the results of prosthetic grafts. This series expands our initial experience with the distal vein patch technique (DVP) reporting a larger cohort with enhanced follow-up. Design A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for distal bypasses from July 1995 to November 2008. Materials/Methods 1296 tibial bypasses were performed with 270 using the DVP technique. Patient demographics included; 49% diabetes, 20% chronic renal failure, 33% prior failed bypass. Indications for revascularization were claudication (9.3%), rest pain (27.8%), gangrene (22.2%), and non-healing ulceration (40.7%). Lack of vein for the bypass conduit resulted from previous failed grafts (55%), coronary bypass (18%), poor quality vein (23%), or prior vein stripping (8%). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 48 months with graft surveillance by pulse exam, ABI, and Duplex ultrasound. Primary patency and limb salvage ± SE were determined by Kaplan–Meier life-table analysis using Rutherford criteria. Results Bypasses originated from the external iliac (29%), CFA (55%), SFA (13%), popliteal (1%), and prior grafts (2%). Recipient arteries were below knee popliteal (6%), anterior tibial (25%), posterior tibial (30%), and peroneal (39%). Perioperative graft failure occurred in 13 cases with a total of 41 graft failures leading to 39 major amputations. Primary graft patency from one to four years was 79.8%, 75.6% 65.9%, and 51.2%. Corresponding limb salvage rates were 80.6%, 78.0%, 75.7%, and 67.5%. Conclusion Although not addressed by a randomized trial, we believe this expanded series is a more accurate reflection of expected results confirming that the DVP bypass leads to reasonable long-term results for those challenging patients that require prosthetic distal bypass for lower extremity revascularization.
Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption on MOFs and MOF/Graphite Oxide Composites

Composites of a copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and graphite oxide (GO) were tested for hydrogen sulfide removal at ambient conditions. In order to understand the mechanisms of adsorption, the initial and exhausted samples were analyzed by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and sorption of nitrogen. Compared to the parent materials, an enhancement in hydrogen sulfide adsorption was found. It was the result of physical adsorption of water and H(2)S in the pore space formed at the interface between the MOF units and the graphene layers where the dispersive forces are the strongest. Besides physisorption, reactive adsorption was found as the main mechanism of retention. H(2)S molecules bind to the copper centers of the MOF. They progressively react with the MOF units resulting in the formation of copper sulfide. This leads to the collapse of the MOF structure. Water enhances adsorption in the composites as it allows the dissolution of hydrogen sulfide.
Control of Dendritic Branching and Tiling by the Tricornered-Kinase/Furry Signaling Pathway in Drosophila Sensory Neurons

To cover the receptive field completely but without redundancy, neurons of certain functional groups exhibit tiling of their dendrites via dendritic repulsion. Here we show that two evolutionarily conserved proteins, the Tricornered (Trc) kinase and Furry (Fry), are essential for tiling and branching control of Drosophila sensory neuron dendrites. Dendrites of fry and trc mutants display excessive terminal branching and fail to avoid homologous dendritic branches, resulting in significant overlap of the dendritic fields. Trc control of dendritic branching involves regulation of RacGTPase, a pathway distinct from the action of Trc in tiling. Timelapse analysis further reveals a specific loss of the ability of growing dendrites to turn away from nearby dendritic branches in fry mutants, suggestive of a defect in like-repels-like avoidance. Thus, the Trc/Fry signaling pathway plays a key role in patterning dendritic fields by promoting avoidance between homologous dendrites as well as by limiting dendritic branching.
Human Capital Assets and Structures of Work in the US Metropolitan Hierarchy (An Analysis Based on the O*NET Information System)

The O*NET database provides a wealth of information on the qualitative aspects of different occupations. On the basis of these data, we carry out an investigation of the forms of human capital and work that can be found at different levels in the urban hierarchy of the United States. The study proceeds, first, by means of factor analysis of the original O*NET data, second, by constructing a derivative set of indexes of human capital and work activities for metropolitan areas, and third, by subjecting these indexes to multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that human capital and work activities in US metropolitan areas vary systematically across the urban hierarchy, as revealed by the relative concentration of occupations that rely heavily on cognitive and behavioral resources at the top end of the hierarchy and a relative concentration of occupations that rely on physical work at the bottom. However, there are some important exceptions to this general pattern.