cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Analysis and Social Correlates of Agonistic Displays of Anolis Limifrons (Sauria, Iguanidae)

[Analysis of 666 filmed displays of 23 male Anolis limifrons from Panama revealed: 1) The species has an agonistic repertoire of five head bob patterns (A-E) and one dewlap display. 2) During male-male interactions, the decrease in intermale distance correlates with a progression of display usage from A → B → C → D → E. 3) When lizards exchanged displays within a short time span (1 min), the answering animal usually performed a display type of the same or the next type up in the A → E series, almost never was the answering type further down in the A → E series. 4) The D display is the most elaborate pattern and the E type the least; the E display occurred during face off orientations between combatants when they were within leaping distance of each other. 5) There was a trend for display modifiers to appear with greater frequency with the progression of display types from A to E. 6) Displays were frequently performed in volleys of two to four displays at a time, usually being three to a volley. 7) The first display of a volley was always of "higher" type in the display series A → E than the subsequent display of a volley i.e., B, A, A ; C, B, A ; D, A, A) ; if all the displays of a volley were of the same type, the first contained more modifiers than the others (e.g., introductory movements, more head bobs). 8) Presumably, the stepwise progression of display types from A to E during agonistic encounters reflects increase in motivational state., Analysis of 666 filmed displays of 23 male Anolis limifrons from Panama revealed: 1) The species has an agonistic repertoire of five head bob patterns (A-E) and one dewlap display. 2) During male-male interactions, the decrease in intermale distance correlates with a progression of display usage from A → B → C → D → E. 3) When lizards exchanged displays within a short time span (1 min), the answering animal usually performed a display type of the same or the next type up in the A → E series, almost never was the answering type further down in the A → E series. 4) The D display is the most elaborate pattern and the E type the least; the E display occurred during face off orientations between combatants when they were within leaping distance of each other. 5) There was a trend for display modifiers to appear with greater frequency with the progression of display types from A to E. 6) Displays were frequently performed in volleys of two to four displays at a time, usually being three to a volley. 7) The first display of a volley was always of "higher" type in the display series A → E than the subsequent display of a volley i.e., B, A, A ; C, B, A ; D, A, A) ; if all the displays of a volley were of the same type, the first contained more modifiers than the others (e.g., introductory movements, more head bobs). 8) Presumably, the stepwise progression of display types from A to E during agonistic encounters reflects increase in motivational state.]
Analysis of lymph node dissection in patients with ≥7-cm renal tumors

Purpose To analyze the role of lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with large renal tumors.
Effects of Diagnosis, Race, and Puberty on Platelet Serotonin Levels in Autism and Mental Retardation

ABSTRACT Objective To reevaluate platelet serotonin (5-HT) levels in autism, measuring and controlling for effects of race and puberty. The specificity of hyperserotonemia for autism versus cognitive impairment is also assessed. Method Platelet 5-HT levels were measured in 77 individuals, aged 2 through 37 years, with autistic disorder; 65 normal controls; and 22 mentally retarded or otherwise cognitively impaired (MR/CI) prepubertal children. Effects of diagnosis, race, and pubertal status were evaluated by analysis of variance in separate pre- and postpubertal groups. 5-HT levels were expressed as ng/mL blood and ng/μL platelet volume. Results Among prepubertal children, significant effects of diagnosis (ng/mL; F 2,109 = 5.9, p = .004) and race ( F 2,109 = 14.7, p F 1,114 = 28.5, p Conclusions The data underscore the importance of matching for race and pubertal status in neuropsychiatric research and suggest that the prevalence of hyperserotonemia in autistic individuals may have been overestimated because of a failure to control for both variables. Hyperserotonemia was not found in MR/CI youngsters without autistic features. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1998, 37(7):767–776.
Traditional Medicine in the Democratic Republic of North Vietnam

For ten years the author has been deeply involved in teaching, practicing medicine and studying the health needs in Indochina. In March 1973, as a member of the first U.S. Senate Committee to visit and study health conditions in North Vietnam, he had the opportunity to visit the Traditional and Popular Medical Institute in Hanoi. This report documents the redevelopment of traditional medicine in the D.R.V. and its successful integration with Western medical practice.
Importance-Driven Accessory Lights Designfor Enhancing Local Shapes

We introduce a semi-automatic lighting design method that deploys per-voxel accessory lights (fill and detail lights) to enhance local shapes, as well as to increase the perceptibility and visual saliency of an object. Our approach allows the user to manually design arbitrary lights in a scene for creating the desired feeling of emotion. The user designed lights are used as key lights and our approach automatically configures per-voxel accessory lights that preserve the user designed feeling of emotion. Per-voxel fill lights brighten the shadows and thus increase the perceptibility and visual saliency. Per-voxel detail lights enhance the visual cues for the local shape perception. Moreover, the revealed local shapes are controlled by the user employing an importance distribution. Similarly, the perceptibility and visual saliency are also controlled based on an importance distribution. Our perceptual measurement guarantees that the revealed local shapes are independent of the key lights. In addition, our method provides two control parameters, which adjust the fill and detail lights, to provide the user with additional flexibility in designing the expected lighting effect. The major contributions of this paper are the idea of using the importance distribution to control local shapes, the per-voxel accessory lights and the perceptual measurement.
Recombination of hydrogen atoms via free-to-bound Raman transitions

The recombination of atomic hydrogen to form ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ in its electronic ground state $X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ via a Raman light-scattering process is considered. A rate coefficient is obtained in two approximations. For wavelengths of light much above that of Lyman $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, the polarizability theory is used to compute a recombination rate coefficient, which amounts to \ensuremath{\cong} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}39}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$/s at a wavelength of $\ensuremath{\lambda}=2000$ \AA{} and features a $\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{4}}$ dependence. For wavelengths approaching that of Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ a sum over states, suitably truncated, is used. For wavelengths from 1220 to 1600 \AA{}, where resonance behavior occurs, values for the rate coefficient of \ensuremath{\cong} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}34}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$/s and greater are obtained nearly independent of temperature (100- 10 000 K).
Dual-tract transhepatic U-shaped hemodialysis inferior vena cava catheter: a feasibility study in a swine model.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of establishing a U-shaped inferior vena cava (IVC) catheter entirely from a transhepatic approach and to determine the catheter caliber that would provide adequate flow for hemodialysis. Materials and Methods Three pigs (weight, 45–50 kg) were used. A peripheral right hepatic vein was accessed transhepatically by using a 22-gauge needle, and a 0.018-inch wire was passed into the hepatic veins and IVC. An accessory right hepatic vein was accessed from the IVC. A snare was deployed in the accessory vein and used as a target for a second transhepatic 22-gauge needle pass. A wire was snared through the second transhepatic tract, around into the IVC, and through the first transhepatic tract. The 0.018-inch wire was upsized to a 0.035-inch platform. Measurements where made to tailor a U-shaped catheter from simple 10.2- and 12-F tubes by cutting them longitudinally (single long side hole) along the length of the IVC segment. The U-shaped hemodialysis catheter was placed over the wire and positioned so that the catheter opening lay in the IVC. With use of a dialysis machine, pressures and flow tolerance at set flow rates (100, 200, 300, 350, and 400 mL/min) were tested. Results All pigs underwent and survived successful catheter placements. All 10.2- and 12-F catheters tolerated flow rates up to 350 and 400 mL/min, respectively. Conclusions Establishing a U-shaped hemodialysis catheter with an entirely transhepatic approach is technically feasible. The 10.2-F U-shaped dialysis catheters provided a flow rate (>350 mL/min) that is appropriate for hemodialysis in human clinical settings.
Diagnosis of mild hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

BACKGROUND Between 20% and 30% of patients with clinically diagnosed hypertension have normal blood pressure (BP) values during automated ambulatory 24-hour BP monitoring. It has not been clear, however, whether these patients can be regarded as normotensive or whether they should be treated in the same way as confirmed hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in 88 normal control subjects and 171 hypertensive patients (office diastolic BP > or = 90 mm Hg on three visits; never treated or off treatment for more than 6 months). Hypertensive patients were classified as nonconfirmed or white coat (n = 58) if their 24-hour diastolic averages were < 85 mm Hg and at least 15 mm Hg lower than their office values. For comparisons, white coat patients were pair-matched with normal subjects by 24-hour diastolic averages and sex, and by similar age and weight; there were 40 such pairs. White coat patients were likewise pair-matched with confirmed hypertensive patients by identical office BPs (51 pairs). Participants were studied by individualized treadmill testing, Doppler echocardiography, and assays of resting plasma catecholamines, upright plasma renin and aldosterone, and lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Because of the matching, compared with normal subjects, patients with white coat hypertension and normal subjects had identical 24-hour BP averages. The white coat patients exhibited slightly greater variability among individual readings (obtained each 15 minutes) throughout the day [P < .05]), but there were no differences in hemodynamic responses to exercise. Plasma norepinephrine (P < .05), renin and aldosterone (P < .01 for each), and insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < .01 for each) were higher in the white coat group, as were left ventricular septal wall (P < .05) and muscle mass (P = .07) echocardiographic measurements. When compared with the confirmed hypertensive patients, the white coat patients had higher renin (P < .01) but were otherwise similar. Within the white coat group, plasma norepinephrine correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides (P < .05 for each), and aldosterone correlated with left ventricular mass (P < .01); there were no significant correlations within the normal control subject or confirmed hypertension groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with white coat hypertension differ in metabolic, neuroendocrine, and cardiac findings from normal control subjects and have greater BP variability. These changes appear to be mediated by heightened activity of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems. Although these characteristics could reflect an alerting reaction in the clinic due to awareness of their diagnosis, the white coat hypertensive patients also have evidence for additional, more-sustained differences from normal subjects. Thus, this condition appears to be a true variant of hypertension.
Expectations and Delay in Seeking Medical Care

Expectations about bodily states, symptoms, and diseases frequently produce delay in seeking medical care, and that delay is a serious social problem, one that takes its toll in unnecessary human suffering, premature mortality, and increased costs for medical care. Appraisal of whether an unusual bodily condition is indeed a symptom typically accounts for the major portion of delay. Expectations lengthen this period of appraisal in a variety of ways, including (a) attributing the cause of conditions to salient contextual stimuli, (b) an unrealistic optimism about the risk of contracting disease, (c) denial that a threat exists, and (d) biased monitoring of bodily changes. Expectations exert this influence, in part, because people are poor perceivers of internal states, and there is suggestive evidence that the symptom perceptions of those more finely attuned to their bodily states may be less influenced by expectations. Once a symptom has been clearly identified, the person must decide whether professional medical care is required. Here again, expectations stemming from several sources continue to guide the coping process. Several ways of reducing the detrimental effects of expectations on delay in seeking medical care are considered.
Delayed neurotoxicity of subchronic oral administration of leptophos to hens: Recovery during four months after exposure

Daily oral administration of small doses of technical grade O-methyl O-4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (leptophos, 0.5-20.0 mg/kg) caused delayed neurotoxicity in hens. Severity of clinical condition and progression or improvement of signs of delayed neurotoxicity depended on the dose and duration of administration. Hens given 20.0 mg/kg suffered ataxia, paralysis, and death. Intermediate doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) caused ataxia, with most treated hens showing no change in clinical condition during the 4-mo observation period. Hens given small doses (2.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) demonstrated regression of neurological deficits after administration of leptophos was stopped. Hens given the smallest tested dose (,.5 mg/kg) developed mild ataxia and showed total recovery during the observation period. Days of administration and total administered dose before onset of ataxia depended on the daily dose. Degeneration of axons and myelin i, the spinal cord was the most consistent histopathologic change and was identical to that observed in tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) control hens. Only one hen, which died early in the treatment period, showed peripheral nerve degeneration. Controls consisted of 3 groups of hens given a daily oral dose of 10.0 mg/kg TOCP, 1.0 mg/kg O,O-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion), or an empty gelatin capsule. TOCP-treated hens developed delayed neurotoxicity, whereas those given parathion showed initial leg weakness but subsequently recovery without developing delayed neurotoxicity. Controls given gelatin capsules remained normal.
Forming disoriented chiral condensates through fluctuations

Using the influence functional formalism, classical equations of motion for the $O(N)$ model are derived in the presence of a heat bath, in both the symmetric phase as well as the phase of spontaneously broken symmetry. The heat bath leads to dissipation and fluctuation terms in the classical equations of motion, which are explicitly computed to lowest order in perturbation theory. In the broken phase these terms are found to be large for the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ field, even at zero temperature, due to the decay process $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi},$ while they are small for the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ fields at temperatures below ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}160 \mathrm{MeV}.$ It is shown that in large volumes the presence of dissipation and fluctuations suppresses the formation of disoriented chiral condensates (DCC's). In small volumes, however, fluctuations become sufficiently large to induce the formation of DCC's even if chiral symmetry has not been restored in the initial stage of the system's evolution.
Iterative discrete on-axis encoding of radially symmetric computer-generated holograms

A new method for encoding high-efficiency radially symmetric computer-generated holograms is formulated. An iterative approach is used to determine fringe widths and phase values for phase-only holographic optical elements. Computer-simulation results indicate that this approach can be used to increase the efficiency of low-f-number elements significantly. The experimental results for an f/1 element with a diffraction efficiency of 90% are presented.
Effects of monetary incentives on engagement in the PACE parenting program.

This study evaluated parental engagement in an 8-week parenting program offered through daycare centers that were randomly assigned to a monetary incentive or non-incentive condition. Of an initial sample of 1,050 parents who rated their intent to enroll in the program, 610 went on to enroll, 319 in the incentive and 291 in the non-incentive condition. Results showed that intent to enroll predicted enrollment irrespective of condition. Further, parents did not enroll in greater numbers, attend more sessions or participate more actively in the incentive condition. Incentives encouraged some parents, often younger and socioeconomically disadvantaged, to enroll but had no effect on their attendance. Importantly, these results could not be accounted for by between-condition differences in child and family or in daycare characteristics.
Infrared Spectroscopy of a Massive Obscured Star Cluster in the Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/9) with NIRSPEC.

We present infrared spectroscopy of the Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/9) with the near-infrared spectrometer (NIRSPEC) at the W. M. Keck Observatory. We imaged the star clusters in the vicinity of the southern nucleus (NGC 4039) with 0f39 seeing in the K band using NIRSPEC's slit-viewing camera. The brightest star cluster revealed in the near-IR [MKp0p approximately -17.9] is insignificant optically but is coincident with the highest surface brightness peak in the mid-IR (12-18 µm) Infrared Space Observatory image presented by Mirabel et al. We obtained high signal-to-noise ratio 2.03-2.45 µm spectra of the nucleus and the obscured star cluster at R approximately 1900. The cluster is very young ( approximately 4 Myr), massive (M approximately 16x106 M middle dot in circle), and compact (with a density of approximately 115 M middle dot in circle pc-3 within a 32 pc half-light radius), assuming a Salpeter initial mass function (0.1-100 M middle dot in circle). Its hot stars have a radiation field characterized by Teff approximately 39,000 K, and they ionize a compact H ii region with ne approximately 104 cm-3. The stars are deeply embedded in gas and dust (AV approximately 9-10 mag), and their strong far-ultraviolet field powers a clumpy photodissociation region with densities nH greater, similar105 cm-3 on scales of approximately 200 pc, radiating LH21-0Sp1p=9600 L middle dot in circle.
Chloride Deficiency in Holstein Calves from a Low Chloride Diet and Removal of Abomasal Contents

Chloride deficiency signs were produced in young Holstein calves by a low chloride diet (.063% chlorine) and daily removal of chloride in abomasal contents. General clinical signs included anorexia, weights loss, lethargy, mild polydipsia, and mild polyuria. In latter stages of the deficiency, severe eye defects (scleral injection, sunken eyes, scaliness around eyes) and reduced respiration rate became evident. Feces contained varying amounts of blood and mucus. The chloride imbalance resulted in severe alkalosis and hypochloremia leading to secondary hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and azotemia. All deficient calves died after 24, 28, 38, and 46 days of treatment. Chloride concentrations of plasma in each of the calves just prior to death were similar at 31 to 35 meq/liter, which compares with normal 96 meq/liter. One additional calf made chloride deficient was recovered to normal health in 9 days following a single treatment with salt water and feeding of control diet containing .48% chlorine. Control calves fed a diet with .48% chlorine and which also had their abomasal contents removed daily grew normally and exhibited no deficiency signs. When dietary chloride was adequate, removal of abomasal contents (and chlorine) had no adverse effects on the animals.
Synthesis of iron(II) phosphite complexes

Abstract The cationic iron(II) complexes, [Fe(P(OR) 3 ) 5 X] + , have been prepared by reactions involvin oxidation of Fe(P(OR) 3 ) 5 (for X = H, Me, CF 3 ) or addition of phosphites to iron bis(tetrahydrofuran) dihalide complexes (for X = Cl, Br, I). This latter reaction proceeds, under different conditions, through two distinctly different isolable species, both of which have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques including simulation of the 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectra.
Increased cortical kynurenate content in schizophrenia.

Background: Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation may play a role in the pathogenesis of several human brain diseases. One of the key metabolites in this pathway, kynurenine, is either transaminated to form the glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenate, or hydroxylated to 3-hydroxykynurenine, which in turn is further degraded to the excitotoxic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist quinolinate. Because a hypoglutamatergic tone may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, it is conceivable that alterations in kynurenine pathway metabolism may play a role in the disease. Methods: The tissue levels of kynurenine, kynurenate, and 3-hydroxykynurenine were measured in brain tissue specimens obtained from the Maryland Brain Collection. All three metabolites were determined in the same samples from three cortical brain regions (Brodmann areas 9, 10, and 19), obtained from 30 schizophrenic and 31 matched control subjects. Results: Kynurenate levels were significantly increased in schizophrenic cases in Brodmann area 9 (2.9 ± 2.2 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3 pmol/mg protein, p .05). In rats, chronic (6-months) treatment with haloperidol did not cause an increase in kynurenate levels in the frontal cortex, indicating that the elevation observed in schizophrenia is not due to antipsychotic medication. Conclusions: The data demonstrate an impairment of brain kynurenine pathway metabolism in schizophrenia, resulting in elevated kynurenate levels and suggesting a possible concomitant reduction in glutamate receptor function.
Ion scattering from state-selected Rydberg atoms

Classical-trajectory Monte Carlo calculations have been performed for collisions of protons with state-selected hydrogenic Rydberg atoms. The examples investigated were Rydberg atoms in the $n=10$, $l=9$ level with ${m}_{l}=0 \mathrm{and} 9$. The collision velocity range was 0.1 to 1.0 a.u. (2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ to 2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ cm/s). The ionization cross sections were found to be relatively insensitive to changes in the ${m}_{l}$ levels. However, the charge-transfer cross sections showed considerable enhancement if the Rydberg electron is orientated in a plane which is parallel to the direction of the incident projectile.
Baseline and premining geochemical characterization of mined sites

A rational goal for environmental restoration of new, active, or inactive mine sites would be ‘natural background’ or the environmental conditions that existed before any mining activities or other related anthropogenic activities. In a strictly technical sense, there is no such thing as natural background (or entirely non-anthropogenic) existing today because there is no part of the planet earth that has not had at least some chemical disturbance from anthropogenic activities. Hence, the terms ‘baseline’ and ‘pre-mining’ are preferred to describe these conditions. Baseline conditions are those that existed at the time of the characterization which could be pre-mining, during mining, or post-mining. Protocols for geochemically characterizing pre-mining conditions are not well-documented for sites already mined but there are two approaches that seem most direct and least ambiguous. One is characterization of analog sites along with judicious application of geochemical modeling. The other is reactive-transport modeling (based on careful synoptic sampling with tracer-injection) and subtracting inputs from known mining and mineral processing. Several examples of acidic drainage are described from around the world documenting the range of water compositions produced from pyrite oxidation in the absence of mining. These analog sites provide insight to the processes forming mineralized waters in areas untouched by mining. Natural analog water-chemistry data is compared with the higher metal concentrations, metal fluxes, and weathering rates found in mined areas in the few places where comparisons are possible. The differences are generally 1–3 orders of magnitude higher for acid mine drainage.
SEMICLASSICALLY BASED MONTE CARLO EVALUATION OF PATH INTEGRALS

The semiclassical approximation serves as an ideal basis for Monte Carlo evaluation of Euclidean path integrals. When the semiclassical approximation is good, the averaging converges rapidly. Comparison with conventional techniques shows a great advantage in computational efficiency. A simple one-dimensional example is presented, along with a discussion of how the technique is extended to several degrees of freedom.
Randomized comparative study of cefepime and cefotaxime in the treatment of acute obstetric and gynaecological infections.

Patients with presumed acute gynaecological infections were randomized (2:1) to receive cefepime 2 g every 12 h (n = 159) or cefotaxime 2 g every 8 h (n = 72), both im or by a 30-min i.v. infusion. For evaluation of efficacy, patients were required to have a bacteriologically documented infection, with at least one pathogen isolated susceptible to both drugs. Duration of treatment was 2-8 days in the 95 cefepime-treated patients and 3-10 days in the 36 cefotaxime-treated patients with evaluable infections; approximately three-quarters of the patients in each group were treated for 4-5 days. Clinical response was satisfactory in 81/95 (85%) of the evaluable cefepime recipients and 30/36 (83%) of the evaluable cefotaxime recipients (P = 0.802). In total, 211 (85%) of the 247 pathogens isolated from evaluable cefepime recipients were eradicated, compared with 98 (90%) of 109 pathogens isolated from evaluable cefotaxime recipients. All pathogens were eradicated in 77 (81%) cefepime-treated patients and in 31 (86%) cefotaxime-treated patients (P = 0.379). Overall response to treatment, calculated by combining clinical response and individual patient bacteriological response, was considered effective, partially effective or ineffective in 77%, 13% and 11% of cefepime-treated patients respectively and in 75%, 19% and 6% of cefotaxime-treated patients respectively (P = 0.932 for effective response). Adverse clinical events were reported by 68 (43%) of 159 cefepime recipients and by 26 (36%) of 72 cefotaxime recipients (P = 0.342); adverse events were deemed drug-related in 6% of cefepime recipients (diarrhoea, rash and headache) and in 1% of cefotaxime recipients (diarrhoea, pruritus and rash). Treatment was discontinued prematurely due to adverse events in five cefepime-treated patients and in one cefotaxime-treated patient (P = 0.476). Local intolerance was reported by 33 (21%) of the 159 cefepime-treated patients and by 14 (19%) of the 72 cefotaxime-treated patients receiving drug via the iv route alone; none of the patients discontinued treatment because of local intolerance. Laboratory test abnormalities were observed in a small number of patients in each group (1-8%), but none warranted discontinuation of treatment. Cefepime 2 g bd appears to have efficacy and safety comparable to that of cefotaxime 2 g tid in the treatment of acute obstetric and gynaecological infections.
A Latent Parameter Node-Centric Model for Spatial Networks

Spatial networks, in which nodes and edges are embedded in space, play a vital role in the study of complex systems. For example, many social networks attach geo-location information to each user, allowing the study of not only topological interactions between users, but spatial interactions as well. The defining property of spatial networks is that edge distances are associated with a cost, which may subtly influence the topology of the network. However, the cost function over distance is rarely known, thus developing a model of connections in spatial networks is a difficult task. In this paper, we introduce a novel model for capturing the interaction between spatial effects and network structure. Our approach represents a unique combination of ideas from latent variable statistical models and spatial network modeling. In contrast to previous work, we view the ability to form long/short-distance connections to be dependent on the individual nodes involved. For example, a node's specific surroundings (e.g. network structure and node density) may make it more likely to form a long distance link than other nodes with the same degree. To capture this information, we attach a latent variable to each node which represents a node's spatial reach. These variables are inferred from the network structure using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We experimentally evaluate our proposed model on 4 different types of real-world spatial networks (e.g. transportation, biological, infrastructure, and social). We apply our model to the task of link prediction and achieve up to a 35% improvement over previous approaches in terms of the area under the ROC curve. Additionally, we show that our model is particularly helpful for predicting links between nodes with low degrees. In these cases, we see much larger improvements over previous models.
Sequence variation in the soluble epoxide hydrolase gene and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: Interaction with cigarette smoking

Abstract Soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) catalyses the degradation of the vasoactive and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and may play a role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. 1337 African-Americans and 1645 Whites from the CARDIA study were genotyped for 22 and 15 EPHX2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively, to examine the associations of common EPHX2 haplotypes and genotypes with presence of coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC). The potential influence of cigarette smoking, which increases EPHX2 gene expression, on these associations was also assessed. In African-Americans, a common haplotype uniquely tagged by the R287Q polymorphism was associated with significantly greater risk for CAC (OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.04–3.0). In Whites, a common haplotype uniquely tagged by a polymorphism in Intron 11 of the gene was associated with significantly greater risk for CAC (OR=1.3; 95% CI=1.02–1.6). These haplotype-tagging polymorphisms also showed significant associations with CAC in individual SNP analyses, and these relationships were significantly modified by smoking. This detailed investigation of the association of EPHX2 genetic variation with CAC supports EPHX2's emerging role as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, whose effects are influenced by smoking.
Effectiveness of an Educational Program to Teach Pharmacists to Counsel Hypertensive Patients and Influence Treatment Adherence

Conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, this study tested the efficacy of a comprehensive patient counseling skills intervention in enhancing pharmacists' (n = 8) skills and their hypertensive patients' (n = 114) perceived support from the pharmacist, medication regimen knowledge, medication adherence, and blood pressure control. Improvement in pharmacist counseling skills, perceived pharmacist support, and medication regimen adherence (as indicated by unannounced home pill counts [p < .07]) was demonstrated. Results are discussed in light of patients' high baseline adherence, high educational level, and relatively extended treatment at the NIH Hypertension Clinic.
The Interaction of Noise and Aspirin in the Chick Basilar Papilla: Noise and Aspirin Toxicity

• The possible synergism between noise and aspirin for causing cochlear damage was examined histologically. Six chicks fed aspirin for five days and five chicks fed a normal diet only were paired and placed in sound chambers. They were exposed to a 1500-Hz tone at 115 dB sound pressure level for eight hours. The mean serum salicylate level just before noise exposure was 24 mg/dL (1.74 mmol/L). Ten days later they were killed, and the temporal bones were processed. Hair cell counts were made at 100-μm intervals throughout the length of the basilar papilla (cochlea). The noise produced a discrete cochlear lesion centered about 30% of the distance from the base to apex. The addition of aspirin did not significantly alter the extent or location of this lesion. One aspirin-fed chick had a unilateral middle ear effusion, and a striking shift in the center of damage toward the apex was noted in this cochlea. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986;112:1043-1049)
Development of an automated, high pressure heat flux calorimeter and its application to measure the heat of dissociation and hydrate numbers of methane hydrate

Abstract This report presents the results of an experimental program to develop a generalized heat flux Calvet calorimeter, modeled after its Mraw-Kleppa (1984) modification,to study the calorimetry of a gas hydrate under free surface and porous media environments. The calorimeter features an aqueous phase electrical conductivity tracking system, and computerized data acquisition and control for both isothermal and isobaric operations. The resulting average heats of dissociation for methane are 58071 J mol−1 ±2.6% at 278.15 K and 53235 J mol−1 ±2.6% at 283.15 K. The respective averaged occupation numbers are 5.97 and 5.98. The data of this study adjusted to 273.15 K are 6–7% higher than those reported by Handa (1986) and by Rueff (1988). The automated nature of the calorimeter allows unattended operation after the initial charging and hydrate formation process have been carefully conducted. Several qualitatively different kinds of experiments for the calorimeter have recently been proposed.
Local Fire Department Responses to Fires Involving Automobiles, Buses, and Larger Trucks: 2006-2010 Estimates

Automobile fires account for the majority of vehicle fires and vehicle fire deaths. Fires involving larger trucks resulted in a disproportionate share of vehicle fire losses. Although bus fires are less common, they have a much higher rate of fire based on distance driven. Bus fires have the potential to endanger a larger number of passengers. Any efforts to evaluate the merits of proposed fire safety improvements require an understanding of how many fires and deaths are presently occurring and how many might be prevented with the proposed improvements. Data from the U.S. Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association's (NFPA's) fire department survey were used to estimate the frequency and associated losses of such fires attended by local U.S. fire departments, and the major factors in these fires and losses. The risk of these fires and of automobile deaths overall and from fires resulting from collision or overturn per billion kilometers driven are also included. The majority of these vehicle fires resulted from mechanical or electrical problems, but three out of every five automobile fire deaths resulted from fires associated with collision or overturn. Language: en
Thinking Theologically About Modern Medicine

In the last century the dictates of modern science and technology have gained an unprecedented authority, sometimes heeded with a religious fervor once directed at religious bodies. Meanwhile, on many subjects, mainline Protestantism has withdrawn from the conversation. This is particularly the case when church and academy have tried to think theologically about the highly technical and at times dramatically nontheological problems of physical health. I propose to look at the ways in which this decline from dominance affects 1) mainline attitudes toward healing; 2) Protestant reflections on moral dilemmas in medicine; 3) religious ideals of ministry to the sick and the poor. After attending to the problems in each arena and then noting promising developments, I conclude with suggestions about reviving a vibrant theological witness in medical ethics and health care.
Day care licensing: the eroding regulations

Day care licensing regulations are being eroded. State regulations are changing as the staff who oversee licensing at the state and local levels are cut and/or given responsibilities in addition to licensing. Nearly half the states are considering registration of day care homes. As part of Child Watch: Looking Out For America's Children, current licensing standards were examined and licensing offices of all states were queried concerning changes since 1980. The responses of 49 licensing offices are summarized. Professional assessment, as proposed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, is suggested as an addition to licensing or registration.
Nuclear estrogen receptor in the reproductive tract of laying Japanese quail.

Nuclear estrogen receptor was quantitated in target tissues of laying Japanese quail by 17β-3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) exchange. The shell gland, isthmus, magnum and infundibulum contained approximately 1 pmol of nuclear estrogen receptor/mg of DNA, while the vagina and liver contained approximately 0.45 pmol/mg of DNA. Nuclear estrogen receptor was not detected in heart, skeletal muscle, or spleen. The apparent kd of the estrogen-receptor complex was 1–2 × 10−10 M. The relative affinity of several estrogenic compounds for the estrogen receptor was determined by competition with [3H]E2 and was: diethylstilbesterol (1.0); E2 (0.44); estrone (0.038); and estriol (0.025). The nonestrogenic steroids progesterone and testosterone were not effective in competing for estrogen receptors. Approximately 65% of the nuclear estrogen receptor binding sites in magnum were extracted by 0.2 M KCl. The remaining sites (approximately 300/nucleus) resisted extraction with up to 0.6 M KCl. Saturation analysis of the salt-soluble and salt-resistant receptor indicated that the two forms bound estrogen in a similar manner.
Certifiable quantum dice

We introduce a protocol through which a pair of quantum mechanical devices may be used to generate n random bits that are -close in statistical distance from n uniformly distributed bits, starting ...
Kinetics of Hepatocyte Spheroid Formation

Cultured hepatocytes have been explored for use in a bioartificial liver. Spheroids formed by cultured hepatocytes exhibit enhanced liver-specific functions. The kinetics of spheroid formation, using rat hepatocytes, was studied on positively charged surfaces that were either uncoated or coated with collagen or (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA). Optimal spheroid formation was obtained on positively charged (Primaria) surfaces at inoculum densities in the range of (3–9) × 104 cells/cm2. Cells initially attached and spread out on the surface. Subsequent retraction led to the emergence of small clumps of cells attached to the surface, from which spheroids formed and shed off into suspension. The process of spheroid formation took more than 72 h and was accompanied by a decrease in the surface area occupied by attached cells. Optical sectioning of fluorescently stained spheroids using confocal microscopy indicated that most of the cells in the spheroid were viable. Spheroids also maintained a constant albumin synthesis rate for over 7 days in culture. Spheroid formation was evaluated in terms of the changes in spheroid diameter, the surface area covered by attached cells, and the total protein content of the fraction of cells that formed spheroids. The quantitative methodologies developed were used to assess the effect of inoculum cell concentration on spheroid formation and to evaluate the kinetics of spheroid formation on different surfaces both favorable and nonfavorable to spheroid formation.
Rhythmic dentinogenesis in the rabbit incisor: circadian, ultradian, and infradian periods.

We have identified a variety of biological rhythms involved in the apposition and mineralization of dentin in the rabbit incisor.
A new energy-efficient pre-diagnosing ECG transmission technique for BASN

Electrocardiograms (ECG) provide invaluable insight into the conditions of the heart and are widely used for diagnosing cardiac diseases. Recent advances in miniature sensors and low-power wireless transmitters make body area sensor networks (BASN) a compelling platform for mobile ECG monitoring. However, energy efficiency is still one of the major issues in BASN, which are typically battery-powered. In this paper, we present an innovative and energy-efficient Pre-Diagnosing ECG Transmission Technique for BASN. In our technique, we explore the differences of ECG data in terms of its importance for medical diagnosis. A self-learning ECG classification algorithm is designed to classify the sensed ECG data into the three classes of abnormal heart beats, unknown heart beats and normal heart beats. Subsequently, the communication resources are allocated differently on these heart beat classes so that communication energy can be saved without affecting the cardiac disease monitoring and diagnosis. According to our test results, about 80% to 100% classification accuracy can be achieved, with 0% misses in abnormal heart beats, while saving about 76% of energy compared with non-classifying transmission techniques in transmitting normal heart beats.
Regulatory Aspects of Spread Spectrum Communications

While it appears desirable to allow spread spectrum communications in the civilian environment, a number of questions must be answered before its introduction. How will the Commission authorize spread spectrum, with its large radio frequency bandwidth, in a spectrum that has largely been divided into many narrow bands? How can the Commission, with the aid of its licensees, monitor spread spectrum transmissions and enforce both technical and operational regulations? What will be the extent of interference between spread spectrum and narrow band-signals? It appears that these questions can be answered, and the problems they typify mitigated, by careful management on the part of the Commission.
A prospective clinical, scintigraphic, angiographic and functional evaluation of patients after inferior myocardial infarction with and without right ventricular dysfunction.

To elucidate the functional and prognostic significance of right ventricular dysfunction after acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, 74 consecutive patients with inferior infarction were prospectively evaluated with gated equilibrium blood pool imaging at rest, submaximal exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy and coronary angiography before hospital discharge. In addition, symptomlimited stress thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed in 61 patients at 3 months, and all patients were followed up clinically for 23 ± 15 months. Utilizing predetermined radionuclide angiographic criteria, 47 patients (Group I) had normal right ventricular function, 12 patients (Group II) had mild to moderate dysfunction and 15 patients (Group III) had severe right ventricular dysfunction. There were no significant differences among the groups with regard to age, history of prior myocardial infarction, peak creatine kinase values, maximal Killip functional class, number or type of in-hospital complications, left ventricular ejection fraction, prevalence of multivessel disease or the distribution and severity of disease affecting the infarctrelated vessel. Exercise tolerance as assessed by treadmill time, blood pressure-heart rate product and peak work load in METS was comparable among the three groups, both before hospital discharge and at 3 month follow-up. No differences in indicators of exercise-induced ischemia were noted among the groups, including the prevalence of redistribution thallium-201 defects, ST segment depression or symptoms of chest pain. Finally, cardiac mortality, reinfarction rate and the incidence of medically refractory angina pectoris were similar in the three groups. Thus, right ventricular dysfunction after acute inferior wall myocardial infarction does not appear to limit exercise tolerance or identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk for recurrent cardiac events.
Fibronectin and integrins in invasion and metastasis

The adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin and integrin receptors appear to play important roles in the progression of metastatic disease. Fibronectin is a multifunctional extracellular glycoprotein that has at lest two independent cell adhesion regions with different receptor specificities. The cell adhesive region in the central portion of fibronectin is comprised of at least two minimal amino acid sequences--an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and a Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) sequence--which function in synergy. Another cell adhesive region is located near the carboxy-terminus in the alternatively spliced IIICS module. The critical minimal sequences for this region Leu-Asp-Val (LDV) and Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) which function in an additive rather than synergistic fashion. Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane cell adhesion receptors for fibronectin and other extracellular matrix molecules. Several different integrins bind to fibronectin. The alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin-specific integrin binds to the central RGD/PHSRN site. The alpha 4 beta 1 integrin binds to the IIICS site. Fibronectin-integrin interactions are important in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. In addition to promoting cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, these proteins may also function in chemotaxis and control of proliferation. Peptide and antibody inhibitors of fibronectin and integrin functions have been shown to be effective inhibitors of metastasis, and are potentially important reagents for the study and control of cancer.
Automation of patent classification

Abstract The current use, and potential for expansion, of automated classification methods in the USPTO is described. Typical applications are in (1) assigning new patent applications to the group of examiners most appropriate for the area of technology for each application, (2) classification of new documents into the search files, and (3) reclassification of patent specifications. Another benefit is the retrieval of ranked listings of relevant prior art. The author opines that the use and development of such systems are likely to become increasingly important in handling large volumes of patent documents.
Development of stress birefringence and flow patterns during mold fillin and cooling

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the development of stress birefringence patterns of molten polymer during the mold filling and cooling operation. For this study, a rectangular mold cavity with glass windows on both sides was constructed, which permitted us to record on a movie film the changes in stress birefringence patterns in the mold cavity during the molding operation, using a circular polariscope. The mold was equipped with an automatic relay system which closes the shut-off valve when the pressure in the mold cavity reaches a predetermined value. The mold was also equipped with both heating and cooling devices, so that either isothermal or non-isothermal injection molding could be carried out. The mold temperature was controlled by thermistor regulated controllers. During the entire cycle of the molding operation, the mold cavity pressure was continuously recorded on a chart recorder, using a melt pressure transducer. The present study shows how molding conditions (namely, injection pressure, melt temperature, mold temperature) influence the distribution of stress birefringence patterns in a molten polymer while it is being injected into, and cooled in, a rectangular mold cavity.