cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2-Butanol metabolism by rat hepatic and pulmonary cytochromes P450.

Abstract Three microsomal enzyme inducers, ethanol, phenobarbital (PB), and β-naphthoflavone (βNF), were compared for their effects on butanol oxidase activity in rat hepatic and pulmonary microsomes. Four concentrations of 2-butanol (1.0, 5.0, 10, and 33 mM) were used to determine if the effects of induction on 2-butanol metabolism were substrate concentration dependent. Ethanol induced at all substrate concentrations in the liver while PB induced at only the high substrate concentrations (5.0, 10, and 33 mM). βNF did not induce at any substrate concentration. 2-Butanol oxidation in the lung was not induced by any of the treatments. Thus, both ethanol and phenobarbital induce hepatic enzymes capable of 2-butanol oxidation, and the isozyme(s) induced by the latter has a somewhat lesser affinity for this alcohol.
Turnover Overstated: The Functional Taxonomy

The issue is the measurement of turnover. The traditional reliance on a metric derived from a dichotomy which describes turnover as either voluntary or involuntary has the clear effect of overstating the gravity of turn-over for any organization. It also serves to perpetuate the notion that voluntary turnover invariably is detrimental to the organization. A taxonomy, which introduces the notions of functional turnover and managerial control that may reduce this tendency, is suggested. Implications for practitioners and organizational theorists are discussed.
Reduction of Cu(II) by thyroxine, thyronine analogs and other phenols.

Abstract In the presence of neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Cu(II) reduction is effected by thyroxine, many substituted thyronines, and numerous phenols. For diphenyl ethers, the 3′,5′-iodines were important, but the side chain was relatively unimportant. The effect of pH and the low temperature sensitivity of the reaction was noted. The presence of halogens was even more important for Cu(II) reduction by phenols. The nitrophenols did not show any tendency to reduce Cu(II) under the experimental conditions. The differences and the similarities in some of the biochemical properties of 2,4-dinitrophenol and thyroxine have been summarized.
The Case of Dr. John D. Frame′s First Memory: Historical Truth and Psychological Distortion

L'A. etudie le probleme des distorsions et de la fabrication des souvenirs de l'enfance, dans le cadre de la therapie de la memoire et de ses implications psychologiques et legales. L'A. (J. D. Frame) relate le contenu de sa premiere memoire et confronte son jugement a celui du co-auteur de cet article (M. H. Erdelyi)
Effect of substrate temperature on the formation of shallow silicide contacts on Si using Pd-W and Pt-W alloys

We have investigated the effect of substrate temperature on the reaction between Si and Pd‐W and Pt‐W alloys by I‐V measurement of Schottky barrier height. We found that by maintaining a substrate temperature of 100 °C during the deposition of W‐rich Pd20W80 alloys, Schottky contacts of Pd2Si on Si can be obtained without any subsequent annealing. Similarly, a substrate temperature of 300 °C enables the formation of PtSi during the depostion of W‐rich Pt20W80 alloys. For Pd‐rich Pd80W20 and Pt‐rich Pt80W20 alloys, the substrate‐temperature effect is not as significant as for the W‐rich alloys.
Studies of blood group antibodies, V. Fractionation of examples of anti-B, anti-A,B, anti-P, anti-Jka, anti-Lea, anti-D, anti-CD, anti-K, anti-Fya, anti-s and anti-Good.

Examples of blood group antibodies were subjected to density gradient ultracentrifugation and anion-cation chromatography on modified cellulose adsorbents and three fractions were collected. The first fraction owed its serologic activity to the presence of γ2 globulins with a 7S sedimentation constant; the principal serologically-active component in fraction two was γ1 globulin of the 7S class; in most cases the serologically-active component of the third fraction was γ1 globulin of the 19S class. Two anti-A donors were found to have most of the serologic activity in fraction three before injection of blood group substance and a marked rise in fractions two and three after stimulation. In anti-M, anti-P and saline anti-D sera the serologic activity associated with S19 globulins equalled or exceeded the activity with the S7 globulins. Group O serums were studied before injection of A and B substances and S7 activity was preponderant in 48 per cent whereas post-immunization it was preponderant in 88 per cent. Fraction one activity was also preponderant in examples of anti-K, anti-Fya, anti-s, anti-Jka and anti-Good. Those antibodies which are most likely to cause erythroblastosis fetalis are those which are characterized by a predominance of the S7, γ2 component.
Poincaré duality and Steinberg’s Theorem on rings of coinvariants

Let be a field, an -dimensional -vector space, and a finite subgroup of . Let be the symmetric algebra on , the -dual of , and the ring of invariants under the natural action of on . Define to be the quotient algebra . Steinberg has shown that is polynomial if is the field of complex numbers and the quotient algebra satisfies Poincare duality. In this paper we use elementary methods to prove Steinberg's result for fields of characteristic 0 or of characteristic prime to the order of . This gives a new proof even in the characteristic zero case. Theorem 0.1. If the characteristic of is zero or prime to the order of and satisfies Poincare duality, then is isomorphic to a polynomial algebra on generators.
The sintering of 304L stainless steel powder

An examination of the shrinkage kinetics for a 304L stainless steel powder showed that initial densification is controlled by a strain assisted volume diffusion mechanism. At temperatures above 1330 K, grain growth reduces the shrinkage rate; however, at lower sintering temperatures, the shrinkage rate is temporarily increased by the proximity of the moving grain boundaries to the interparticle necks. The activation energies of volume diffusion (240±20 kJ/mol) and grain growth (285±35 kJ/mol) were in good agreement with prior results.
Histological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Persistently Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Levels

Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) are generally described to have mild liver disease. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and histological features in HCV-infected patients with PNALT and elevated ALT. Patients presenting to the University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, who had biopsy proven HCV, an ALT measurement at the time of liver biopsy, at least one additional ALT measurement over the next 12 months, and liver biopsy slides available for review were identified. PNALT was defined as ALT ≤ 30 on at least 2 different occasions over 12 months. Of 1200 patients with HCV, 243 met the study criteria. 13% (32/243) of patients had PNALT while 87% (211/243) had elevated ALT. Significantly more patients with PNALT had advanced fibrosis (F3 and F4) compared to those with elevated ALT (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the histology activity index score as well as mean inflammatory score between the two groups. In conclusion, in a well-characterized cohort of patients at a tertiary medical center, PNALT did not distinguish patients with mild liver disease.
Automatic characterization of cross-sectional coated particle nuclear fuel using greedy coupled Bayesian snakes

We describe new image analysis developments in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Development and Qualification Program. We previously reported a non-iterative, Bayesian approach for locating the boundaries of different particle layers in cross-sectional imagery. That method, however, had to be initialized by manual preprocessing where a user must select two points in each image, one indicating the particle center and the other indicating the first layer interface. Here, we describe a technique designed to eliminate the manual preprocessing and provide full automation. With a low resolution image, we use "EdgeFlow" to approximate the layer boundaries with circular templates. Multiple snakes are initialized to these circles and deformed using a greedy Bayesian strategy that incorporates coupling terms as well as a priori information on the layer thicknesses and relative contrast. We show results indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Application of hydrophobic chromatography to the large scale purification of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans cytochrome C3.

Abstract Hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose was employed for large scale purification of cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. This chromatographic procedure minimizes operational volumes and eliminates the lengthy dialysis ordinarily used to remove large amounts of salts. Pure cytochrome c3 was obtained after one additional purification by ion-exchange chromatography.
121 Effects of Pulmonary Artery Distension on Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Some newborns with pulmonary hypertension (PHN) have been noted to have increased SVR. To assess whether this is a reflex response to an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PPA), we acutely produced balloon distension of the left PA. Fourteen lambs (1-3 days) were anesthetized with chloralose and instrumented to enable measurement of systemic blood flow (Qs), (PPA), aortic pressure (PAo), heart rate (HR), and right atrial pressure (PRA). PA distension was performed 47 times in 14 lambs (1-7/lamb). The mean PAo (±S.D.) increased from 55±13 mmHg to 58 ± 15 mmHg (p<0.05) and the SVR increased from 82 ± 20 mmHG/L/min to 84 ± 19 mmHg/L/min (p<0.05) while the mean Qs and PRA did not change. In two lambs, alpha-blockade eliminated any changes in SVR. In another lamb, neither beta-blockade nor right vagotomy obliterated the changes whereas a left vagotomy did, suggesting that the reflex is under autonomic control.
The Plastic Nature of the Vascular Wall: Reply to Lee, Sandow, and DeMay

This Letter to the Editor is in response to comments received from Drs. Lee, Sandow, and DeMey concerning our recently published review ([29][1]). In their Letter to the Editor, Lee et al. present a series of comments regarding the mechanisms we propose contribute to the process of arteriolar
Abstract LB-229: Arsenic trioxide, ascorbic acid and disulfiram (AAA) arrests pancreatic cancer development in a transgenic mouse model with p16 knockout and activated Kras

Previously, we found that four human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines underwent robust cell death associated with dramatic ATP decline and ROS accumulation when treated with clinically achievable concentrations of arsenic trioxide, ascorbic acid and disulfiram (AAA). Early apoptosis was shifted to aponecrosis, and dependent on the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), since shRNA directed against VDAC-1 abrogated the ROS accumulation and blocked cell death. In this study, assessment of AAA was performed in Pdx1-Cre transgenic mice with a conditional p16 knockout (p16flox/flox), and oncogenic KrasG12D. The KrasG12D, p16flox/flox; LSL-KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice develop the full spectrum of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN) lesions, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and hepatic and peritoneal metastases. Over 95% of human PC have p16 deficiency and Kras mutation. Eight week old mice were treated for 8 weeks, 3 times/week with AAA, sacrificed, and the development of PC assessed. Little or no toxicity of the mice to the AAA treatment was observed. Frank PC was zero in AAA-treated mice and 31% in controls. The mean number of PanIN-3 lesions/mouse declined from 14.1 in controls to 1.58 in AAA-treated mice (p=0.008). The mean number of PanIN-2 lesions declined from 5.18 in controls to 1.67 in AAA treated mice (p=0.06). The mean number of PanIN-1 lesions in control mice were 14.2 and in AAA-treated mice were 16.0, p=0.51 indicating no difference in PanIN-1 occurrence. Preliminary results from immunohistochemical staining of the PanIN lesions for VDAC, indicated that PanIN-1 lesions have low, and PanIN-2 and 3 lesions have high, VDAC expression. This result parallels the in vitro human cell line data showing VDAC expression is critical to AAA sensitivity, and suggests a similar mechanism of action in vivo as in vitro. Although collection of data is ongoing, this is the first treatment that has been shown to arrest PanIN and tumor development in any a genetically-engineered mouse model for PC. The data suggests AAA either arrests the development of pre-cancerous lesions after the PanIN-1 stage, or the PanIN-2 and PanIN-3 lesions are destroyed by AAA in a VDAC-dependent manner. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-229. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-229
Early Life History of the Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens (Mitchell), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota

Abstract The early life history of the yellow perch, an important commercial species in the Red Lakes, Minnesota, has been studied with special reference to length at scale formation, growth rate during first season of life, and food habits as they relate to growth and survival. Scales are fully imbricated in the area of 12th to 14th lateral line scales at 24 millimeters total length. There is a wide annual varition in first season's growth which is not correlated with growth in older fish. Body-scale relationship is rectilinear from 24 to 280 millimeters. Length-weight relationship during the first year is expressed by the equation W = 0.6198 × 10−5 L3.1251 which is very similar to that describing the relationship in later years. Stomach analysis indicates food is primarily plankton but in some seasons fish may be strongly dependent on bottom forms. Variations in food availability appear to be associated with changes in growth and may have a major influence on survival.
Identifying roots of northern hardwood species: patterns with diameter and depth

Forest canopies are often stratified by species; little is known about the depth distribution of tree roots in mixed stands because they are not readily identified by species. We used diagnostic characteristics of wood anatomy and gross morphology to distinguish roots by species and applied these methods to test for differences in the rooting depth of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) in two northern hardwood forests. We also distinguished hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides Michx.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) roots. Analysis of plastid DNA fragment lengths confirmed that 90% of the roots were correctly identified. The vertical distribution of fine roots of these species differed by 2-4 cm in the median root depth (P = 0.03). There was a significant difference in the distribution of roots by size class, with fine roots (0-2 mm) being more concen- trated near the soil surface than coarser roots (2-5 mm; P = 0.004). The two sites differed by <2 cm in median rooting depths (P = 0.02). The visual identification of roots for the main tree species in the northern hardwood forest allows spe- cies-specific questions to be posed for belowground processes.
The nurse's role as patient advocate: obligation or imposition?

In order to secure professional standing, nursing has sought to discover and prove the value and uniqueness of the nursing contribution to patient well-being A prominent feature of this quest has been the assertion by nurses and nurse writers that the nurse has a specific and special function as patient advocate There is a substantial amount of literature to support this view, which is further reinforced by the United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC) for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting which states that advocacy forms an integral part of the nurse's duty to patients This paper provides a critical analysis of some of the features central to advocacy in order to promote clarification of the concept These include the patient's rights and interests in health care, the moral status of patient autonomy, the obligations owed to patients by nurses and the work of independent advocacy schemes It is suggested that the literature tends to confuse advocacy with beneficence which dilutes the significance of advocacy in health care, and that nurses have no special function as patient advocate Furthermore, due to the rigorous demands of the advocate role, the UKCC neither can nor should impose such an obligation on its members, who would be better served by improved support when they endeavour to discharge the full range of beneficent obligations owed to patients within their care
Geometric aspects of the Daugavet property.

Let X be a closed subspace of a Banach space Y and J be the inclusion map. We say that the pair (X;Y ) has the Daugavet property if for every rank one bounded linear operator T from X to Y the following equality kJ + Tk = 1 +kTk (1) holds. A new characterization of the Daugavet property in terms of weak open sets is given. It is shown that the operators not xing
A Comparison of Student Perceptions of Their Computer Skills to Their Actual Abilities.

In this technology intensive society, most students are required to be proficient in computer skills to compete in today’s global job market. These computer skills usually consist of basic to advanced knowledge in word processing, presentation, and spreadsheet applications. In many U.S. states, students are required to demonstrate computer proficiency early in their educational experience by means of passing an assessment test. This research was conducted in North Carolina where all students must pass a computer/technology skills assessment test prior to completing twelfth grade. This study explored U.S. college students’ perceived mastery of their computer skills, evaluated their actual scores on a computer skills assessment, and compared the results to realign and enhance an introductory business computer applications course. T wo instruments were developed to accomplish the objectives for this research: a survey to capture students’ perceptions of their computer proficiency and a computer skills assessment to measure their actual performance. The assessment tool evaluated their knowledge of three computer application skills – word processing, presentation, and spreadsheet – with three levels of proficiency – basic, moderate, and advanced. The survey and assessment instruments were administered to over 200 business students in a medium sized, public university with a required introductory computer applications course. The findings of this study indicate some differences in the students’ perception of their word processing skills and actual performance, no difference in perception and performance for their presentation skills, and a significant difference in perception and performance for their spreadsheet skills. As a result of this research, the curriculum for the introductory course was redesigned to concentrate primarily on the substantial skill deficiency in spreadsheet skills while still allowing the students to demonstrate their level of proficiency in word processing and presentation skills through a mandatory online assessment test beginning in fall semester 2008. Any student who does not perform well on the word processing and presentation assessment will be required to obtain additional training to enhance these skills. These findings have important implications for two reasons: 1) schools with a similar profile can possibly replicate the realignment and enhancement of the business computer application course and 2) any school interested in comparing their students’ perception of their computer skill proficiency and actual performance on three different levels can apply a modified version of this study.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF TYPHLOCYBA (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) *

Resembling T. gillettei but somewhat larger. Two inner pairs of processes of aedeagus of about same length with innner pair not bent at middle and dorsal spine as long as shaft is wide. Length 4.5 mm. Color: As in heavily marked T. gillettei V. D.
Derivational Analogy in PRODIGY: Automating Case Acquisition, Storage, and Utilization

Expertise consists of rapid selection and application of compiled experience. Robust reasoning, however, requires adaptation to new contingencies and intelligent modification of past experience. And novel or creative reasoning, by its real nature, necessitates general problem-solving abilities unconstrained by past behavior. This article presents a comprehensive computational model of analogical (case-based) reasoning that transitions smoothly between case replay, case adaptation, and general problem solving, exploiting and modifying past experience when available and resorting to general problem-solving methods when required. Learning occurs by accumulation of new cases, especially in situations that required extensive problem solving, and by tuning the indexing structure of the memory model to retrieve progressively more appropriate cases. The derivational replay mechanism is discussed in some detail, and extensive results of the first full implementation are presented. These results show up to a large performance improvement in a simple transportation domain for structurally similar problems, and smaller improvements when less strict similarity metrics are used for problems that share partial structure in a process-job planning domain and in an extended version of the strips robot domain.
Reflex cardiovascular responses evoked by selective activation of skeletal muscle ergoreceptors.

It is well known that the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is mediated by group III and IV skeletal muscle afferent fibers, which exhibit unique discharge responses to mechanical and chemical stimuli....
Perioperative st-segment depression is rare and may not indicate myocardial ischemia in moderate-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery☆

Abstract Objective: To identify a group of older asymptomatic patients in whom ST-segment changes are common and determine their correlation with occult coronary artery disease. Design: Prospective, cohort study. Setting: University hospital, single-center. Participants: Patients older than 45 years with at least one risk factor for coronary artery disease but without documented disease undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Interventions: Intraoperative and early postoperative continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, exercise treadmill testing, 24-month telephone follow-up. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 190 patients were studied with a continuous ST-segment monitor, seven of whom demonstrated significant ST-segment changes during the intraoperative or early postoperative period. Three of the seven patients were evaluated by exercise treadmill testing, all of whom had a negative test. Follow-up was complete in 84% of the cohort without ST-segment changes and in all patients with ST-segment changes. One patient with perioperative ST-segment changes died of prostate cancer. None of the other patients showed any symptoms of coronary artery disease on follow-up. Conclusions: ST-segment changes are rare during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period in asymptomatic patients at moderate risk for coronary artery disease. The low incidence of a positive stress test and lack of cardiovascular symptoms on follow-up in patients with perioperative ST-segment changes suggest that caution should be exercised before diagnosing myocardial ischemia and coronary artery disease.
A Review and Future Prospects of Renewable Energy in the Global Energy System

This paper reviews global energy use in the past few decades and projections for future use based on the trends in recent years. The paper also reviews the present status of available energy resources and projections of how long they are expected to last in the future. Based on the future global energy needs, the availability of conventional resources and potential global climate change, renewable energy may have to provide for as much as 50% of the energy needs by 2050. Finally, this paper describes the present status of renewable energy use and describes renewable energy might provide the energy needs of the future.
Characterization of Proinsulin-Like Growth Factor-II E-Region Immunoreactivity in Serum and Other Biological Fluids*

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) purified from human serum consists of 67 amino acids. However, mRNA sequence predicts a long carboxy-terminal extension (E-region), which on translation would yield a bigger IGF-II prohormone than the peptide isolated from serum. A peptide containing the predicted IGF-II prohormone sequence extending from Asp69 to Tyr84 (E-II) was synthesized by the solid state method and used to generate a polyclonal antiserum. Using this E-II antiserum, a specific RIA for IGF-II prohormone forms was developed. [125I]E-II was used as tracer, and synthetic E-II was used for the standard curve. The antiserum was highly sensitive and specific for E-II. It also recognized pro-IGF-II-E21, a 9.8-kilodalton (kDa) synthetic peptide which consisted of IGF-II plus the first 21-amino acid sequence of the IGF-II E-peptide region. Human biological fluids assayed included serum and amniotic, seminal, and cerebral spinal fluids. Sera from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and nonislet cell...
Soil extracellular enzyme activities correspond with abiotic factors more than fungal community composition

Soil extracellular enzymes are the proximal drivers of decomposition. However, the relative influence of climate, soil nutrients and edaphic factors compared to microbial community composition on extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) is poorly resolved. Determining the relative effects of these factors on soil EEA is critical since changes in climate and microbial species composition may have large impacts on decomposition. We measured EEA from five sites during the growing season in March and 17 sites during the dry season in July throughout southern California and simultaneously collected data on climate, soil nutrients, soil edaphic factors and fungal community composition. The concentration of carbon and nitrogen in the soil and soil pH were most related to hydrolytic EEA. Conversely, oxidative EEA was mostly related to mean annual precipitation. Fungal community composition was not correlated with EEA at the species, genus, family or order levels. The hyphal length of fungi was correlated with EEA during the growing season while relative abundance of taxa within fungal phyla, in particular Chytridiomycota, was correlated with the EEA of beta-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, acid phosphatase and beta-xylosidase in the dry season. Overall, in the dry season, 35.3 % of the variation in all enzyme activities was accounted for by abiotic variables, while fungal composition accounted for 27.4 %. Because global change is expected to alter precipitation regimes and increase nitrogen deposition in soils, EEA may be affected, with consequences for decomposition.
Ocelot: a dynamic optimization framework for bulk-synchronous applications in heterogeneous systems

Ocelot is a dynamic compilation framework designed to map the explicitly data parallel execution model used by NVIDIA CUDA applications onto diverse multithreaded platforms. Ocelot includes a dynamic binary translator from Parallel Thread eXecution ISA (PTX) to many-core processors that leverages the Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) code generator to target x86 and other ISAs. The dynamic compiler is able to execute existing CUDA binaries without recompilation from source and supports switching between execution on an NVIDIA GPU and a many-core CPU at runtime. It has been validated against over 130 applications taken from the CUDA SDK, the UIUC Parboil benchmarks [1], the Virginia Rodinia benchmarks [2], the GPU-VSIPL signal and image processing library [3], the Thrust library [4], and several domain specific applications. This paper presents a high level overview of the implementation of the Ocelot dynamic compiler highlighting design decisions and trade-offs, and showcasing their effect on application performance. Several novel code transformations are explored that are applicable only when compiling explicitly parallel applications and traditional dynamic compiler optimizations are revisited for this new class of applications. This study is expected to inform the design of compilation tools for explicitly parallel programming models (such as OpenCL) as well as future CPU and GPU architectures.
A Structural Perspective on Enzymes Activated by Monovalent Cations

Enzymes activated by monovalent cations are abundantly represented in plants and the animal world. They have evolved to exploit Na+ and K+, readily available in biological environments, as major driving forces for substrate binding and catalysis. Recent progress in the structural biology of such enzymes has answered long standing questions about the molecular mechanism of activation and the origin of monovalent cation selectivity. That enables a simple classification of these functionally diverse enzymes and reveals unanticipated connections with ion transporters.
Validation of Measures of Biosocial Precursors to Borderline Personality Disorder: Childhood Emotional Vulnerability and Environmental Invalidation

Linehan's biosocial theory suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) results from a transaction of two childhood precursors: emotional vulnerability and an invalidating environment. Until recently, few empirical studies have explored relationships between these theoretical precursors and symptoms of the disorder. Psychometrically sound assessment tools are essential to this area of research. The present study examined psychometric characteristics of recently developed self-report measures of childhood emotional vulnerability and parental invalidation. A large sample of undergraduates completed these measures; parent reports were collected to examine agreement between young adults' and parents' recollections of their emotional style in childhood and the parenting they received. Both measures were internally consistent, showed clear factor structures, and were significantly correlated with BPD features and related constructs. In addition, both showed modest, yet significant agreement between participants' and parents' reports. Overall, this study supports the utility of these measures of childhood emotional vulnerability and environmental invalidation.
Alternating patterns on single-walled carbon nanotubes

The ability to create controlled patterns on carbon nanotubes could lead to nanoelectronic applications in which multiple transistors are fabricated on individual nanotubes. It has now been shown that carbon nanotubes can be decorated with alternating patterns of block copolymers and that gold nanoparticles can, in turn, be periodically attached to the tubes.
Experience with the BaBar resistive plate chambers

The BaBar detector has operated over 2000 m/sup 2/ of resistive plates chambers (RPCs) as muon and neutral hadron detectors since 1999. Most of the original RPC production have lost significant efficiency and many are now completely inefficient. Both the linseed oil used to coat the inner surfaces and the graphite coating on the outer surfaces are implicated as contributors to the efficiency loss which was accelerated by the operation of the RPCs at 29 to 34/spl deg/C during the first summer. RPCs from 2 more recent production runs have been installed and tested. The most recent RPCs have exhibited stable efficiencies and high voltage plateaus during the first 8 months of service. Some have shown increased dark currents and noise rates.
Global monitoring in the neurocritical care unit.

Effective methods of monitoring the status of patients with neurological injuries began with non-invasive observations and evolved during the past several decades to include more invasive monitoring tools and physiologic measures. The monitoring paradigm continues to evolve, this time back toward the use of less invasive tools. In parallel, the science of monitoring began with the global assessment of the patient’s neurological condition, evolved to focus on regional monitoring techniques, and with the advent of enhanced computing capabilities is now moving back to focus on global monitoring. The purpose of this session of the Second Neurocritical Care Research Conference was to collaboratively develop a comprehensive understanding of the state of the science for global brain monitoring and to identify research priorities for intracranial pressure monitoring, neuroimaging, and neuro-electrophysiology monitoring.
New Heroes in Antiquity: From Achilles to Antinoos – By Christopher P. Jones

This book's strength is its sheer amount of information. More comprehensive than analytic, it is more an annotated list than “a study”; Christopher P. Jones's command of epigraphical, literary, and...
Treatment across cultures: Is there a model?

Aims: The increase of cultural diversity in countries worldwide impacts on health-care providers, who are required to provide culturally-appropriate care to patients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. Cultural differences may impact both on treatment processes and patient responses to treatment. This article aimed to explore how cultural issues and cultural sensitivity uniquely infl uence the rehabilitation process of individuals from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds; and give an insight into cross-cultural issues pertaining to health-care delivery from an American physical therapy perspective. Content: A literature review on issues facing health-care providers—;specifi cally physical therapists—;in delivery of culturally-appropriate care was undertaken. Key areas are discussed and a culturally sensitive treatment model for health-care providers to use when working with CALD patients is proposed. Discussion and conclusions: A review of the literature revealed limited res...
Recognition of stability domain of nonlinear dynamical system using multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network approach

A method for obtaining the stability region of a nonlinear dynamical system using an artificial neural network is presented. This method takes advantage of many properties of adaptive networks. A design philosophy is presented. A Rumelhart feed-forward neural network with backward propagation of error algorithm is used to update the synaptic weights and thresholds until the desired stability region is recognized. An example of a nonlinear system is presented to illustrate the method. >
Low-complexity blind maximum-likelihood detection for SIMO systems with general constellations

The demand for high data rate reliable communications poses great challenges to the next generation wireless systems in highly dynamic mobile environments. In this paper, we investigate the joint maximum-likelihood (ML) channel estimation and signal detection problem for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) wireless systems with general modulation constellations and propose an efficient sequential decoder for finding the exact joint ML solution. Unlike other known methods, the new decoder can even efficiently find the joint ML solution under high spectral efficiency non-constant- modulus modulation constellations. In particular, the new algorithm does not need such preprocessing steps as Cholesky or QR decomposition in the traditional sphere decoders for joint ML channel estimation and data detection. The elimination of such preprocessing not only reduces the number of floating point computations, but also will potentially lead to smaller size and power consumption in VLSI implementations while providing better numerical stability.
Forage quality and rumination time in cattle.

Three experiments investigated how forages of different chemical composition affect rumination time of cattle. Three single reversal designs used four dairy heifers and two dairy steers in Experiment I and four dairy heifers in Experiments II and III. The rumination time produced by feeding a single 5-kg meal of test forage was measured with jaw motion recordings. In Experiment I the test meal was fed after 2 days of fasting; following the test meal no more was offered for an additional 2 days. In Experiments II and III only alfalfa pellets were offered during the 2 days before and after the test meal, at the rate of 2.27 kg per head per day. In Experiment I the animals which were fed straw ruminated 578 minutes following the test meal; the animals fed an excellent quality hay ruminated a shorter (P < .05) time of 369 minutes. Experiment II compared a good-quality mixed second-cutting hay with straw. The straw produced 539 minutes’ rumination time, and the second-cutting hay produced a shorter (P < .05) time of 387 minutes. In Experiment III good-quality orchardgrass produced 258 minutes’ rumination time; poor-quality orchardgrass produced a longer (P < .05) time of 449 minutes. The correlation between rumination time and cell wall constituent (CWC) content was 0.94.
Composition of dynamical systems for estimation of human body dynamics

This paper addresses the problem of estimating human body dynamics from 3-D visual data. That is, our goal is to estimate the state of the system, joint angle trajectories and velocities, and the control required to produce the observed motion from indirect noisy measurements of the joint angles. For a two-link chain in the human body, we show how two independent spherical pendulums can be composed to create a behaviorally equivalent double spherical pendulum. Therefore, the estimation problem can be solved in parallel for the low-dimensional spherical pendulum systems and the composition result can be used to arrive at estimates for the higher dimensional double spherical pendulum system. We demonstrate our methods on motion capture data of human arm motion.
Anamnestic immune response of pigs to pseudorabies virus: latent virus reactivation versus direct oronasal and parenteral exposure to virus.

The humoral antibody response of pseudorabies-immune pigs to reactivation of latent pseudo- rabies virus (PRV) was compared with the response following direct exposure to virulent PRV. Nine pigs that had been vaccinated for pseudorabies and later exposed to virulent virus to establish latent infection were given dexamethasone to reactivate latent virus (3 pigs), were exposed oronasally and parenterally to virulent virus (3 pigs), or were kept as nontreated controls (3 pigs). Sera collected from all 9 pigs just before and 3 weeks after treatment were tested by virus neutralization and radioimmunoprecipitation. The 3 pigs exposed directly to virulent virus and 2 of the 3 pigs given dexamethasone had a 4-fold or greater increase in neutralizing antibody titer. All 6 of these pigs had an increase in precipitating antibody activity. Precipitation patterns changed both quantitatively and qualitatively, especially for virus-coded proteins of relatively low molecular weight (<46 K). There were some differences in the precipitation patterns associated with sera of individual pigs. However, there was no clear indication of any difference between the 2 treatment groups and therefore no evidence that reactivation of latent virus is associated with any unique immunologic response that could be detected by radioimmunoprecipitation and used diagnostically. Clinical signs were limited to the 3 pigs that were exposed oronasally and parenterally to virulent virus even though the dexamethasone-treated pigs shed more virus for much longer than did those exposed directly to virus.
Enhanced fidelity of an educational intervention on skin self-examination through surveillance and standardization

Background: Melanoma can metastasize but is often successfully treated when discovered in an early stage. Melanoma patients and their skin check partners can learn skin self-examination (SSE) skills and these skills can be improved by practice. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of fidelity with which educational in-person SSE intervention can be delivered by trained research coordinators to patients at risk of developing another melanoma and their skin check partners. Methods: The in-person intervention was performed in two iterations. In phase 1 (2006-2008), the research coordinators were trained to perform the intervention using a written script. In phase 2 (2011-2013), the research coordinators were trained to perform the intervention with a PowerPoint aid. Each research coordinator was individually counseled by one of the authors (KM) to insure standardization and enhance fidelity of intervention delivery. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were compared on 16 fidelity components. Further, Phase 2 fidelity was assessed by comparing mean scores of fidelity across the five research coordinators who delivered the intervention. Results: Phase 2, which utilized a PowerPoint aid, was delivered with a higher degree of fidelity compared to phase 1with four fidelity components with significantly higher fidelity than Phase 1: 1) Explained details of melanoma, χ 2 (1, n = 199)= 96.31, p 14) and there were no mean differences in fidelity across research coordinators, indicating consistency in fidelity. This can be attributed to the standardization and cueing that the PowerPoint program offered. Supervision was also a key component in establishing and maintaining fidelity of the patient educational process. This method of intervention delivery enables trained healthcare professionals to deliver an educational intervention in an effective, consistent manner.
Function, adjustment, quality of life and symptoms (FAQS) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors: a study protocol.

The population of survivors following allogeneic HSCT continues to increase, and yet their experiences of recovery and long-term survivorship have not been fully characterized. This paper presents a study protocol examining over time the functional status, psychosocial adjustment, health-related quality of life, and symptom experience of survivors who have undergone allogeneic transplantation. The aims of the study are to: 1) explore the patterns of change in these health outcomes during the survivorship phase; 2) characterize subgroups of survivors experiencing adverse outcomes; and 3) examine relationships among outcomes and demographic and clinical factors (such as age, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and disease relapse). In this longitudinal observational study, adults who survive a minimum of 3 years from date of allogeneic transplantation complete a series of questionnaires annually. Demographic and clinical data are collected along with a series of patient-reported outcome measures, specifically: 1) Medical Outcomes Study SF- 36; 2) Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) - General, 3) FACIT-Fatigue; 4) FACIT- Spiritual; 5) Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale; 6) Rotterdam Symptom Checklist-Revised; and 7) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. This study will provide multidimensional patient-reported outcomes data to expand the understanding of the survivorship experience across the trajectory of allogeneic transplantation recovery. There are a number of inherent challenges in recruiting and retaining a diverse and representative sample of long-term transplant survivors. Study results will contribute to an understanding of outcomes experienced by transplant survivors, including those with chronic GVHD, malignant disease relapse, and other late effects following allogeneic transplantation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00128960
Cooperative Certificate Revocation List Distribution Methods in VANETs

This paper discusses two new methods for distributing certificate revocation lists (CRL) in a vehicular ad hoc network environment using cooperative methods. The main purpose for using cooperative methods is to attempt to reduce the number of collisions in the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) broadcast environment. The reduced number of collisions will increase the effective throughput of the medium. The first method uses a polling scheme to determine which nodes possess the most number of CRL file pieces. The second method takes advantage of the multiple service channels available in DSRC. Both methods use a form of coding that reduces the impact of the piece problem. Both methods are compared to the Code Torrent method of file distribution.
Symmetry of Two- and Three Dimensional Modes at a Vortex Shedding Interface in a Cylinder Wake

The wave interactions which produce the low-frequency disturbances that dominate the far-wake spectrum of a circular cylinder have been studied. The spatial symmetry of interacting 2-D and 3-D waves that occur in the near wake region under natural and forced conditions are shown to follow a simple set of symmetry rules. The spanwise phase distribution of the low-frequency wave is predicted assuming a simple three-wave interaction.
Ultrastrukturelle Leberveränderungen bei direkter Einwirkung von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff in vivo und in vitro

Bei intralienaler Tetrachlorkohlenstoffvergiftung der Maus treten im Zusammenhang mit Membranen der Mitochondrien bzw. des endoplasmatischen Reticulum tubulare Neubildungen auf, die zu osmiophilen Massen zusammenfliesen. Analoge Veranderungen entstehen auch in vitro durch Einlegen von unbehandeltem Leber- und Nierengewebe in unverdunnten Tetrachlorkohlenstoff. Die Leberschadigung bei intralienaler Tetrachlorkohlenstoffgabe ist daher als Ausdruck einer unmittelbaren Einwirkung auf die Membransysteme der Zelle anzusehen, die dabei auftretenden Strukturen stellen die Folge einer Destabilisierung der betroffenen Membranen dar. Der bisher nicht zu deutende Unterschied im zeitlichen Ablauf der Tetrachlorkohlenstoffvergiftung nach enteraler Gabe einerseits und nach intralienaler Gabe andererseits ist auf die auserordentlich rasch eintretende direkte Tetrachlorkohlenstoffwirkung auf die Zellmembranen zu erklaren, die bei enteraler Gabe offenbar fehlt.
Glomerular, Tubulointerstitial, and Vascular Diseases

A 20-year-old athletic man with no significant past medical history is found to have isolated asymptomatic microscopic hematuria on routine phys exam. He is not on any medications, and does not use illicit drugs. Which one of the following observations suggests hematuria of glomerular origin?
The CVD of Non-Metallic Elements

This chapter reviews the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of non-metallic elements like: boron, silicon, and germanium. Boron is a light element produced by CVD in the form of coatings and fibers. It has a hexagonal structure based on the icosahedron and acts as an electrical insulator. It has good chemical resistance and is hard and brittle. TheCVD reaction for boron includes the hydrogen reduction of chloride, which is a major production process with a deposition reaction. The deposition temperature range is 900–1300°C and the pressure is up to 1 atm. In addition to the thermal CVD reactions, plasma CVD is used for the low temperature deposition of boron. Some of its applications include: production of boron fibers on W or C core, coatings for the first wall of fusion reactor, and dopant in the silicon semiconductor films. Other elements such as silicon and germanium are the borderline elements with metalloid characteristics. Both are important semiconductor materials, particularly silicon, which forms the backbone of the electronic industry. All the three materials are deposited by CVD on an industrial scale and a wide variety of CVD reactions are available.