cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo YY1 knockdown effects on genomic imprinting

The YY1 transcription factor is predicted to control several imprinted domains, including the Peg3, Gnas and Xist/Tsix regions. To test this possibility, we have used RNA interference strategies to generate transgenic mouse lines that express reduced levels of the cellular YY1 protein. As predicted, lowering YY1 levels resulted in global expression changes in these three imprinted domains. In neonatal brains, most imprinted genes of the Peg3 domain were up-regulated. In the Gnas domain, Nespas was down-regulated, whereas three other imprinted transcripts were up-regulated, including Nesp, Gnasxl and Exon1A. In the Xist/Tsix domain, no obvious change was detected in the expression levels of the two genes in female mice. However, male mice showed low-level coordinated, up- and down-regulation of Xist and Tsix, respectively, suggesting potential de-repression of Xist in a subset of male cell populations. YY1 knockdown also changed the methylation levels at the imprinting control regions (ICRs) of these domains in a target-specific manner. In addition, breeding experiments indicated that the birth weights of 20% of the transgenic females were much lower than those of normal female littermates. We surmise that this gender-specific outcome is caused by the YY1 knockdown effect on the Xist locus of females. In sum, these results demonstrate that YY1 indeed functions as a trans factor for transcriptional regulation and DNA methylation of these imprinted domains in vivo.
Curriculum Design and Program to Train Older Adults to Use Personal Digital Assistants

In this research, I focused on understanding and overcoming the barriers that would otherwise prevent older adults from gaining the benefits of using a personal digital assistant (PDA). Through careful analysis and planning, these barriers can be overcome through a training program for older adults to learn to use a PDA. This training program incorporated the best practices recommended by researchers in the field of older adult learning and computer training. Medication adherence is a particularly challenging problem for older adults; when it fails, it results in great personal and financial harm (Alliance on Aging, 2000). As a demonstration and for comparison by study participants, my fellow researchers and I created two programs, a medication-reminder program and a survey program to gather information about the daily activities of study participants. We designed these applications to minimize hardware barriers with an improved interface that better meets the needs of older adults (see Figure 1). These changes meet the criteria established by Czaja and Lee (2001) to maximize usability of software for adults and older adults. Figure 1 In the top row are the main screens of the SurveyAp application, designed to make the PDA more usable than the typical PDA by adults and older adults. The screen illustrates the large font for easy reading and the menu of answers for easy data entry. ... My goal in this article is to present an overview of the methodology for developing a successful PDA training curriculum and software usable for both adults and older adults. The research team evaluated the curriculum and software by recruiting, training, and testing a group of older adults who were willing to explore this new technology. PDAs are small computers with limited capabilities that can be carried in one’s hand. They currently provide all the functionality of an address book, calendar, appointment reminder, and calculator. The latest cell phone and wireless models also allow telephony, picture exchange, e-mail messaging, and web browsing. PDAs also are capable of being expanded by running new programs that add additional functionality. The PDA has the potential to greatly benefit older adults in particular, as it can act as a memory aid, organizer, and virtual assistant that can track exercise and remind the individual about appointments and medications. It also can provide a portable means of communication and, eventually, a means of convenient environmental control.
Top-down enhancement and suppression of activity in category-selective extrastriate cortex from an act of reflective attention

Recent research has demonstrated top-down attentional modulation of activity in extrastriate category-selective visual areas while stimuli are in view (perceptual attention) and after they are removed from view (reflective attention). Perceptual attention is capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in category-selective areas relative to a passive viewing baseline. In this study, we demonstrate that a brief, simple act of reflective attention ("refreshing") is also capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in some scene-selective areas (the parahippocampal place area [PPA]) but not others (refreshing resulted in enhancement but not in suppression in the middle occipital gyrus [MOG]). This suggests that different category-selective extrastriate areas preferring the same class of stimuli may contribute differentially to reflective processing of one's internal representations of such stimuli.
Structural Confirmation of Exo-Olefin-Coupled Polyisobutylene via Model Compound Synthesis and Characterization

We report the synthesis and characterization of a model compound representing exo‐olefin coupled polyisobutylene (PIB). Under certain conditions during the in situ quenching of quasiliving PIB with hindered bases to yield exo‐olefin‐terminated PIB, remaining PIB carbocations can undergo addition to exo‐olefin PIB to yield coupled PIB with a molecular weight approximately double that of the primary chains. Characterization of the signals that arise in 1H‐NMR from the presence of coupled product has not yet been properly performed; the accurate chemical shifts of these products, specifically the exo‐olefin product, have been in debate recently. Therefore, we carried out the synthesis of a model compound which mimics the exo‐olefin coupled product, and through variations in the synthetic method were able to produce a range of exo‐ and endo‐olefin coupled product mixtures. The model compounds have been fully characterized using NMR techniques, and we herein conclusively report the proton shift (for 500 MHz 1H...
Living on the Edge: A Parse Method Study

Living on the edge was explored employing the Parse research method. Ten participants living in the frontier of the American West were asked, “What is the experience of living on the edge?” The findings showed the structure of living on the edge as: Living on the edge is persevering with pioneering ventures amid perilous remoteness, as vacillating sentiments arise with diverse affiliations. Understanding the experience of living on the edge as it relates to health and quality of life is important for nursing practice and advances nursing science.
High-quality photonic sampling streams from a semiconductor diode ring laser

We report on the development of an ultralow-noise, external-cavity, actively mode-locked semiconductor diode laser for application in next-generation photonic sampling systems. A summary of harmonically mode-locked noise characteristics in a 65-MHz ring cavity is presented through the range of pulse repetition frequencies between 130 MHz and 8.3 GHz (2nd-128th harmonic). Important implications regarding the use of gain-versus-loss modulation as the active modelocking mechanisms are discussed. We also report what are, to our knowledge, the lowest noise characteristics achieved to date for a semiconductor diode laser operating at 10 GHz. Individually optimized results of 0.12% rms amplitude noise (10 Hz-10 MHz), and 43 fs rms residual phase jitter (10 Hz-10 MHz) provide a theoretical resolution of 8.6 bits in a 10-GSPS optical analog-to-digital converter. We have also achieved dispersion-compensated pulsewidths; as short as 1.2 ps, and shown successful operation of a novel phase-locked-loop capable of reducing the rms; residual phase noise by as much as 91% within its response bandwidth. Finally, the first measurements of residual phase noise out to the Nyquist frequency (5 GHz) are presented, providing an upper bound on the rms residual phase jitter of 121 fs (10 Hz-5 GHz).
Collaterality and the Housing Wealth Effect

I am grateful to James Kennedy for sharing updated data on equity extractions. I appreciate comments and suggestions recieved from Cem Karayalcin, James Kennedy, Peter Thompson, Mira Wilkins, participants of FIU econ seminar and Southern Economic Association 2009 annual meetings. All errors are mine. Correspondence address: Department of Economics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, DM 320B, Miami, FL 33199. Email: Sheng.Guo@fiu.edu; Tel:(305)348-2735; Fax: (305)348-1524.
A Graded Approach to Repairing the Stenotic Nasal Vestibule

Objective To describe a graded approach to repairing vestibular stenosis that involves restoring structural support to the ala. Methods Retrospective review of 5 nostrils in 4 patients who presented to the senior author with vestibular stenosis. The cause was burn injury in 3 patients and congenital in 1 patient. The cornerstone is a batten graft to restore strength to the ala. A short-term thermoplastic stent helps the nostril assume its natural shape. When an obstructing cicatrix is present, it is excised in a second stage followed by full-thickness skin grafting. The patients were evaluated up to 16 months postoperatively. Vestibular patency was documented using high-resolution photographs, and medical records were reviewed for complications. Results Two patients had their nostrils repaired in a single stage and the others required 2 stages. In all patients, significant improvement in nostril diameter was maintained. The patients were satisfied with the functional and aesthetic results. Stenting averaged 13 days after surgery and was well tolerated. No wound complications occurred. Conclusions In patients with vestibular stenosis, we use a graded approach that addresses the inherent weakness of the nasal ala to achieve long-term vestibular patency. This technique restores form and function to the stenotic vestibule while avoiding long-term stenting.
Lightweight generators for tactical electric power

Summary form only given. Approximately 80 percent of the Army's generator inventory in 1988 rated less than 5000 watts ran on gasoline and were considered obsolete. These generator sets are heavy and are not considered manportable. In order to provide the Army with highly mobile sources of electric power in the 300-3000 watt range, integration of modified low-compression internal combustion engines with advanced permanent magnet generators is the key. Also of critical importance is the ability to operate on JP-8 fuel which has been adopted by the Army as the one fuel forward for the battlefield area. Advances in power electronics make manportable generators in the 300-3000 watt range a near term reality. Modifying low compression, spark ignition engines with a direct injection combustion scheme has proved successful in the combustion of JP-8 fuel down to 10 degrees F. Advanced permanent magnet materials offer lightweight and high temperature tolerant generators. High frequency switched power conditioning provide very low weight and high efficiency wild frequency conversion to stable DC power. It is expected that in FY95 an 18 pound, open frame, 1000 watt, 28 V DC generator will be demonstrated. The demonstrator engine will utilize a direct injection combustion scheme for operation with JP-8 fuel and a permanent magnet generator. Also in FY95, a 500 watt enclosed generator set will be demonstrated for the Joint Project Office for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (JPO-UAV). In FY98, a 40 pound signature suppressed, 3000 watt (@ SL), 28 V DC unit will be demonstrated. >
OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction by combined symbol rotation and inversion with limited complexity

A signal scrambling method based on combined symbol rotation and inversion (CSRI) is proposed in this paper for the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of OFDM signals. By dividing OFDM sequences into subblocks and performing symbol rotation and inversion in each subblock, high degrees of freedom are available to offset the possibility of encounting poor sequences with large PAPR. In order to reduce the complexity of this scheme, two suboptimal CSRI schemes; one based on a successive approach combined with symbol grouping, termed successive suboptimal CSRI (SS-CSRI) and another based on a random approach combined with threshold control, termed random sub-optimal CSRI (RS-CSRI) are also investigated. With these two schemes, the complexity can be reduced significantly with only slight performance degradation. Compared with the partial transmit sequence (PTS) scheme, simulation results show that performing symbol rotation is more effective for PAPR reduction than increasing the number of phase weighting factors with PTS.
Option Pricing Theory and Firm Valuation

In this chapter, we introduce the basic concepts of call and put options. Second, we discuss the Black-Scholes option pricing model and its application. Third, we discuss how to apply the option pricing theory in capital structure issue. Finally, the warrant, one type of equity options, is discussed in detail.
2 plus 2 equals

Abe Briloff has passed away recently. The editors of the International Journal of Critical Accounting are updating his classics for publication. This article is a chapter, entitled, 2 plus 2 equals...? The article deals with auditing and financial statements. When Briloff wrote it first, there were big eight accounting firms in the USA. The BIG EIGHT firms, then were in charge of auditing the big corporation. The article raises interesting method of auditing that were twisted by big accounting firms. The article is a critic of failure of compliance of the most elementary GAAP rules and regulations as far as auditing of financial statements of listed corporations is involved. Interesting to see that Abe has predicted the ENRON, WorldCom, Xeros, Vivendi, you name it, saga of corporation frauds, auditing failures, etc. While we are re-publishing this great work, there are now only four big accounting firms in the USA.
Restoration of Hydrochory Following Dam Removal on the Elwha River, Washington

Hydrochory, seed dispersal by water, affects riparian vegetation by contributing to downstream community composition and diversity. However, dams can block hydrochory, reducing downstream species diversity and fragmenting riparian corridors. Dam removal is becoming more prevalent for economic and ecological reasons and is expected to restore hydrochory; however, this has never been documented in rivers. The largest dam removal project to date was the 2011 to 2014 removal of the Glines Canyon and Elwha dams on the Elwha River in Washington. Prior to dam removal, hydrochory was lower below Glines Canyon Dam compared with an upstream reach; our objective was to test the hypothesis that dam removal would restore downstream hydrochory to levels observed in the upstream reach. To test this, we collected seeds in nets above and below the dam during three sample periods (early July, late July and early August), growing out seeds in a greenhouse and comparing seed abundance and species richness above and below dams, before and after dam removal. We found that after dam removal, the average number of hydrochorous seeds and species increased below Glines Canyon Dam to levels similar to or higher than that of the upstream reach; hydrochory levels in the upstream reach did not change. This study is the first to document the restoration of hydrochory in rivers following removal of a large dam. Restoration of hydrochory may ultimately increase downstream vegetation diversity and play a role in the recolonization of reservoir sediments deposited in the riparian zone in the years following dam removal. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breaking the Bad News When Sudden Death Occurs

Notification of family when sudden death has occured is often a highly stressful experience for hospital Emergency Department physicians and nursing personnel. This article will offer some guidelines to health care professionals in helping a deceased patient's family cope with the initial grief and loss that accompanies the unexpected death of a loved one. At the same time, an understanding of the wide range of emotional responses of bereaved survivors may ease some of the anxiety Emergency Department staff members associate with "breaking the bad news."
Accelerometer Measurement of Head Movement During Laparoscopic Surgery as a Tool to Evaluate Skill Development of Surgeons

Objective To detect and measure surgeons’ head movement during laparoscopic simulator performance to determine whether expert surgeons have economy of motion in their head movement, including change of direction, compared with intermediate and novice surgeons. We investigated head movement as an objective tool for assessment of laparoscopic surgical skill and its potential use for assessing novice surgeons’ progress on the learning curve. Design After obtaining institutional review board approval, medical students, urology residents, and attending staff surgeons from an academic institution were recruited. Participants were grouped by level of experience and performed tasks on the Electronic Data Generation for Evaluation laparoscopic simulator. Surgeons wore a commercially available wireless electroencephalogram monitor as a flexible, adjustable, and lightweight headband with 7 sensors—2 forehead sensors, 2 ear sensors, and 3 reference sensors. The headband incorporates a 3-axis accelerometer enabling head movement quantification. A variance analysis was used to compare the average head movement acceleration data between each group. Setting Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, an academic medical center and the principal teaching hospital for Tulane University School of Medicine. Participants A total of following 19 participants were recruited for the study and stratified by surgical experience into novice ( n = 6), intermediate ( n = 9), and expert ( n = 4) laparoscopy groups: 6 medical students, 9 urology residents (postgraduate years 1 to5), and 4 attending urologists, respectively. Results Analysis of the average acceleration rate of head movement showed statistically significant differences among groups on both the vertical axis (p = 0.006) and horizontal axis (p = 0.018) in the laparoscopic suturing task. This demonstrated the ability to distinguish between experts and novice laparoscopic surgeons. The average acceleration among groups did not demonstrate statistical significance on the vertical axis (p = 0.078) and horizontal axis (p = 0.077) in the peg transfer task. This may be in response to the ease of the task. The analysis of the forward-backward axis or depth perception also showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion Accelerometer-based motion analysis of head movement appears to be a useful tool to evaluate laparoscopic skill development of surgeons in terms of their economy of motion, and it could potentially be used for ergonomic assessment of training in the future, and progression on the learning curve.
Hispanic Nurses' Knowledge of and Approach to Pain Assessment and Management.

Purpose: This study sought to determine whether (a) Hispanic nurses differ in assessment and management of pain for Hispanic versus non-Hispanic patients and (b) relationships exist between measure...
Unmanned aircraft system sense and avoid integrity and continuity: Uncertainty in aircraft dynamics

This research aims at developing methods to meet safety targets for sense and avoid (SAA) sensors of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) through integrity and continuity risk evaluation. This paper builds upon previous work that assumed a constant velocity aircraft encounter model. We refine this model by accounting for intruder aircraft accelerations due to pilot actions, such as changes in thrust. These methods can determine the acceptability of a sensor or set of sensors. A sensitivity analysis evaluates the impact on integrity and continuity of sensor noise, range and sample interval. The methods described in this research can set potential SAA sensor requirements for UAS integration into the National Airspace System.
Abstract 4077: Exposure to bile acids alters intracellular expression of MnSOD in Barrett's esophagus

Introduction: Oxidative stress secondary to bile acid exposure has been associated with metaplastic degeneration of normal esophageal mucosa into Barrett9s Esophagus cells and eventually Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. We have previously reported that the macromolecular response of BE cells to this stress is largely regulated by the expression of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD). As the mitochondrion plays a vital role in MnSOD activation, the purpose of this study was to determine the location and activity of MnSOD within the BE cell after exposure to oxidative stress. Methods: BE cells were cultured to 80-90% confluence in 75ml flasks. The cells were then exposed for four hours to 0.4mM concentrations of taurocholic acid (TCA) or a 0.4mM 1:1 mixture of bile salts including sodium cholate (CA), sodium deoxycholate (DCA), sodium glycocholate (GCA), and sodium taurocholate (TCA) to mimic natural biliary refluxate. Proteins were extracted and separated into mitochondrial, nuclear, and cytoplasmic fragments followed by western blot analysis. Enzymatic Activity of MnSOD was determined by silencing of other SOD molecules with potassium cyanate. Lethality testing of biliary exposure was performed with MTT assays. Results: Mitochondrial expression of MnSOD was significantly increased in the cells exposed to a mixture of bile acids vs. TCA and control. This was present on both qualitative and quantitative analyses of Western blots. Cytoplasmic expression of MnSOD was also present and conserved between treated and untreated cells. Control cells lines showed no significant change in baseline MnSOD expression. This expression was confirmed by increased MnSOD activity in the mitochondria of cells exposed to mixed bile. The lethality of mixed bile for Barrett9s cells was confirmed by MTT assay, with isolated bile salts and controls having a significantly higher fraction of living cells. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate microcellular MnSOD expression which is increased in BE cells in response to the oxidative stress of bile exposure, specifically in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial MnSOD activity is increased within the BE cell after exposure to bile. Further investigation is required to determine the potential correlation between bile exposure and BE to adenocarcinoma progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4077. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4077
Characterization of the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Sputtered a:SiC Thin Films

D.C. magnetron sputtering from a CVD β-SiC target has been utilized to deposit amorphous SiC thin films on various substrates (Coming 7059 glass, unoxidized Si (111), and sapphire). The approximately 1 μm thick films were grown under various Ar sputtering pressures and flow rates.In situ annealing during deposition in vacuum andex situ post-deposition annealing in air, both at 500°C for two hours, were implemented to determine their effects on the properties of the films. The mechanical properties were assessed via nanoindentation. An accelerated sphere-on-flat(tape) wear tester was administered to measure the wear volume losses and resultant wear rates under 0.1 and 0.2N loads, a 0.024m/s tape speed, and a 1mm ruby sphere diameter. An atomic force microscope (AFM) established the wear scar volume losses as well as the surface arithmetic roughness (RA) and root mean square roughness (RMS) of the films. The amorphous microstructure was verified by X-ray diffractometry. There was a decreasing trend in the plastic contact damage resistance, hardness, elastic modulus, and wear resistance of the films with increased amounts of Ar gas pressure; on the other hand, annealing of the lower Ar content films generated an increase in these properties compared to the as-deposited films. Atomic force microscopy revealed a more pronounced change in surface features and roughness for thein situ annealed films.
The Islamic finance handbook: A practitioner's guide to the global markets

All Islamic financial products and services anywhere in the world must conform to Sharia rules, which prohibit investment in businesses with links to gambling, tobacco, alcohol, products containing...
Manganese Removal from Drinking Water Sources

Manganese (Mn) in drinking water can cause aesthetic and operational problems. Mn removal is necessary and often has major implications for treatment train design. This review provides an introduction to Mn occurrence and summarizes historic and recent research on removal mechanisms practiced in drinking water treatment. Manganese is removed by physical, chemical, and biological processes or by a combination of these methods. Although physical and chemical removal processes have been studied for decades, knowledge gaps still exist. The discovery of undesirable by-products when certain oxidants are used in treatment has impacted physical–chemical Mn removal methods. Understanding of the microorganisms present in systems that practice biological Mn removal has increased in the last decade as molecular methods have become more sophisticated, resulting in increasing use of biofiltration for Mn removal. The choice of Mn removal method is very much impacted by overall water chemistry and co-contaminants and must be integrated into the overall water treatment facility design and operation.
Evolution of Pipe Technology in the Big-Data Era

In the big-data era, broadband pipeline technology can improve speed;flattened pipeline architecture can reduce system delay; and software-defined networks(SDN) allow pipelines to be virtually developed so that network traffic can be better controlled; multipipe technology is also used for intelligent pipeline development. All these technologies improve pipe transmission so that big-data services can be transmitted without interruption at high speed.
A History of 'The Mysteries'

This study explores the history of the term ‘mystery’ in its theatrical sense. Victorian scholar (and forger) J.P. Collier was the first to question the term’s legitimacy, accusing the eighteenth-century publisher Robert Dodsley of having invented it. Collier’s condemnation has held sway ever since; ‘mystery’ is nearly bankrupt in the field of early English drama studies. I reconsider the authenticity, utility, etymology, and history of ‘mystery’, fact-checking the arguments made for and against it by Collier, E.K. Chambers, J.M. Salter, and Meg Twycross (amongst others) to show that reports of the term’s illegitimacy have been greatly exaggerated.
Simplified correction of female stress incontinence.

Abstract A simplified operation for female stress incontinence, using a pair of double-prong needles, is described. A 90.4 per cent cure was achieved in 62 patients followed for a mean of 11.2 months. Merits of this procedure include operative simplicity and brevity, short hospitalization and a high rate of cure.
Pseudonymity and indirect communication

Kierkegaard described what he called his “authorship” as beginning with the publication of Either/Or in 1843, although prior to this he had published a little-read and hard to understand critique of Hans Christian Andersen called From the Papers of One Still Living , as well as a very interesting doctoral dissertation, On the Concept of Irony With Continual Reference to Socrates . Most commentators have followed Kierkegaard on this point and have viewed Either/Or as his first real book. However, if one looks at the title page of the original Danish edition of Either/Or , Kierkegaard's name is nowhere to be found. Instead, the name of Victor Eremita (Victor the Hermit) appears as editor, with the two volumes of the work purportedly containing the writings of two other individuals, termed by Victor “A” and “B”, though Victor reveals that B is actually a judge named William. The whole apparatus is made still more complicated by the fact that A's papers include a “Diary of a Seducer,” supposedly written by another man named Johannes, though Victor argues there is good reason to believe that the true author of the Diary is A himself (EO I, 8–9). Volume II, which contains two long letters William has written to A, concludes with a sermon sent to William by yet another character, a country priest. Either/Or was the first in a large number of such pseudonymous books. Repetition , by Constantine Constantius, and Fear and Trembling , by Johannes de silentio, also appeared in 1843.
The Impact of Duration of Feeding and Saturation of Dietary Fats on Changes in Body Fat Over Time and on Final Carcass Lipid Iodine Values

The inclusion of unsaturated fats in pig diets has raised issues related to pork carcass lipid quality. The objective of this experiment was to understand how withdrawal from the diet of unsaturated dietary fat prior to slaughter impacts the composition of jowl fat during the finishing period and at market. Fifty pigs (PIC 337 X C22/29; initial BW = 59.3±3.64 kg), were allotted to an 82d experiment based on sex and initial BW to 10 treatments: 3 dietary fat withdrawal times prior to slaughter (21, 42 or 63d) by 3 fat sources ( 5% animal-vegetable blend (AV; iodine value (IV)=90.7), 2.5% corn oil (2.5%CO; IV=122.7), 5% corn oil (5%CO), plus a control diet with no added fat (CNTR) fed throughout the duration of trial. Pigs were individually housed to measure ADFI and dietary fat intake. Pigs were weighed and jowl adipose samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42, 63 and at harvest on d82. Carcass measurements were recorded at harvest using a durometer compression measurement (1 least firm; 100 most firm). Data were analyzed using PROCMIXED with treatment and sex as fixed effects, and pen as a random effect. Carcass IV (CIV) was affected by dietary fat inclusion duration across all lipid source treatments (P 0.30) or firmness (P>0.13). Duration of lipid inclusion did improve gain to feed (CNTR=0.31 kg, 21d=0.31 kg, 42d=0.33 kg, 63d=0.34 kg; P<0.001). In conclusion, 2.5% CO and 5% AV maintained CIV below 74 g/100g, while a 21d withdrawal of 5% corn oil was required to maintain CIV below 74 g/100g.
Insect TRP channels as targets for insecticides and repellents

This review provides a brief overview of ion channels, then focuses on TRP channels, describing the properties and functions of the seven TRP channel classes found in insects. Finally, recent work showing that a heteromeric channel composed of Nanchung and Inactive vanilloid TRP (TRPV) channel subunits is the target of the selective feeding blockers pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazon is described. The possible utility of other TRP channels as targets of insecticides and repellents is also considered.
Safe Navigation of Quadrotor Teams to Labeled Goals in Limited Workspaces

In this work, we solve the labeled multi-robot planning problem. Most proposed algorithms to date have modeled robots as kinematic or kinodynamic agents in planar environments, making them impractical for real-world systems. Here, we present experiments to validate a centralized multi-robot planning and trajectory generation method that explicitly accounts for robots with higher-order dynamics. First, we demonstrate successful execution of solution trajectories. Next, we verify the robustness of the robots’ trajectory tracking to unmodeled external disturbances, in particular, the aerodynamic interactions between co-planar neighbors. Finally, we apply our algorithm to navigating quadrotors away from the downwash of their neighbors to improve safety in three-dimensional workspaces.
Temptation's itch: Mindlessness, acceptance, and mindfulness in a debt management program

Abstract This study examines the experience of temptation through the accounts of consumers who have entered a debt management plan (DMP). During 12 weeks, participants reported weekly temptations. The results are consistent with socio-cognitive theory; participants with higher self-efficacy are better able to manage their emotions, resist justifications connected with entitlement, and perceive their difficult circumstances as providing them the opportunity to develop new financial skills and an improved financial identity. The results show that DMP consumers engage in three patterns of responses to temptation that vary in degree of self-efficacy: mindlessness, acceptance, and mindfulness. The highest level of self-efficacy and success in the DMP is associated with mindfulness, as these participants feel pride when they “work the program” and resist temptation.
A Novel RNA Phosphorylation State Enables 5' End-Dependent Degradation in Escherichia coli.

Summary RNA modifications that once escaped detection are now thought to be pivotal for governing RNA lifetimes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For example, converting the 5′-terminal triphosphate of bacterial transcripts to a monophosphate triggers 5′ end-dependent degradation by RNase E. However, the existence of diphosphorylated RNA in bacteria has never been reported, and no biological role for such a modification has ever been proposed. By using a novel assay, we show here for representative Escherichia coli mRNAs that ∼35%–50% of each transcript is diphosphorylated. The remainder is primarily monophosphorylated, with surprisingly little triphosphorylated RNA evident. Furthermore, diphosphorylated RNA is the preferred substrate of the RNA pyrophosphohydrolase RppH, whose biological function was previously assumed to be pyrophosphate removal from triphosphorylated transcripts. We conclude that triphosphate-to-monophosphate conversion to induce 5′ end-dependent RNA degradation is a two-step process in E. coli involving γ-phosphate removal by an unidentified enzyme to enable subsequent β-phosphate removal by RppH.
Conduction electron scattering by ionized donors in InSb at 80°K

Abstract Electron mobility data obtained from Hall effect and resistivity measurements at 80°K on samples of InSb containing 1 × 10 15 to 3 × 10 17 ionized donors per cm 3 are reported and analyzed. The dominant scattering mechanism is that by ionized impurities, and theoretical results are corrected for electron-electron collisions and band nonparabolicity. The Kane model for the conduction band is employed, neglecting perturbations from bands other than the conduction and valence bands. The non-parabolic band shape is found to have a strong influence on the mobility at higher carrier concentrations. Approximate calculations are also made of the contribution of polar scattering as modified by the electron-electron collisions. Combination of the two mechanisms accounts fairly well for the observations measured as a function of impurity concentration.
Experiences of Individuals With Visual Impairments in Integrated Physical Education: A Retrospective Study.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the experiences of adults with visual impairments during school-based integrated physical education (PE). Method: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) research approach was used and 16 adults (ages 21–48 years; 10 women, 6 men) with visual impairments acted as participants for this study. The primary sources of data were semistructured audiotaped telephone interviews and reflective field notes, which were recorded during and immediately following each interview. Thematic development was undertaken utilizing a 3-step analytical process guided by IPA. Results: Based on the data analysis, 3 interrelated themes emerged from the participant transcripts: (a) feelings about “being put to the side,” frustration and inadequacy; (b) “She is blind, she can’t do it,” debilitating feelings from physical educators’ attitudes; and (c) “not self-esteem raising,” feelings about peer interactions. The 1st theme described the participants’ ...
Political Brokers: Partisans or Agents? Evidence from the Mexican Teachers' Union

Political brokers mobilize voters all over the world, yet little is known about what motivates them to do so. This article theorizes about two drivers of brokers' efforts: (1) incentives—monetary rewards or sanctions—and monitoring and (2) partisan attachment. We examine our theory using data on the Mexican National Educational Workers Union (SNTE), Latin America's largest union and a well-known political machine. Consistent with the role of teachers as brokers, we find that the vote share of parties supported by the SNTE machine is higher in polling stations located in schools. This effect is absent when teachers are asked to mobilize voters in support of a party for which they have no partisan attachment, and it is uncorrelated with the union's monitoring capacity. This suggests that partisan attachment, rather than incentives and monitoring, explains the SNTE's effectiveness as a political machine.
High-performance continuous-time MASH sigma-delta ADCs for broadband wireless applications

This paper focuses on the design and analysis of multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) sigma-delta modulators. Fundamentals and properties of MASH modulators are discussed. A detailed methodology on analyzing continuous-time MASH (CT-MASH) modulator based on the impulse invariant transformation is also described. Two fabricated design examples are discussed: a 130 nm CMOS CT-MASH 4-0 employing a digital pseudo-MASH compensation consumes 20mW and achieves 75 dB peak SNDR over a 15 MHz bandwidth with an active area of 1.3 mm2; a 40 nm CMOS CT-MASH 2-2 architecture achieves peak SNDR of 74.4 dB within the signal bandwidth of 50.3 MHz with power consumption of 43.0 mW and active area of 0.265 mm2.
On the Tate spectrum of $$\mathrm {tmf}$$ tmf at the prime 2

Computations involving the Mahowald invariant prompted Mahowald and Shick to develop the slogan: “the Mahowald invariant of $$v_n$$ -periodic homotopy is $$v_n$$ -torsion”. While neither a proof, nor a precise statement, of this slogan appears in the literature, numerous authors have offered computational evidence in support of its fundamental idea. The Mahowald invariant is closely related to his inverse limit description of the Tate spectrum, and computations have shown the Tate spectrum of $$v_n$$ -periodic cohomology theories to be $$v_n$$ -torsion. The purpose of this paper is to split the Tate spectrum of $$\mathrm {tmf}$$ as a wedge of suspensions of $$\mathrm {ko}$$ , providing yet another example in support of the slogan to the existing literature.
Surgical Risk Is Not Linear: Derivation and Validation of a Novel, User-friendly, and Machine-learning-based Predictive OpTimal Trees in Emergency Surgery Risk (POTTER) Calculator.

Introduction:Most risk assessment tools assume that the impact of risk factors is linear and cumulative. Using novel machine-learning techniques, we sought to design an interactive, nonlinear risk calculator for Emergency Surgery (ES).Methods:All ES patients in the American College of Surgeons Natio
Sensitivity Analysis of the No-Omitted Confounder Assumption in Latent Growth Curve Mediation Models

Latent growth curve mediation models are increasingly used to assess mechanisms of behavior change. For latent growth mediation model, like any another mediation model, even with random treatment assignment, a critical but untestable assumption for valid and unbiased estimates of the indirect effects is that there should be no omitted variable that confounds indirect effects. One way to address this untestable assumption is to conduct sensitivity analysis to assess whether the inference about an indirect effect would change under varying degrees of confounding bias. We developed a sensitivity analysis technique for a latent growth curve mediation model. We compute the biasing effect of confounding on point and confidence interval estimates of the indirect effects in a structural equation modeling framework. We illustrate sensitivity plots to visualize the effects of confounding on each indirect effect and present an empirical example to illustrate the application of the sensitivity analysis.
Bidirectional, Longitudinal Associations Between Math Ability and Approximate Number System Precision in Childhood

Research suggests that individual differences in math abilities correlate with approximate representations of quantity that are supported by a primitive Approximate Number System (ANS). However, re...
Luis Vélez de Guevara. El embuste acreditado. Edición, introducción y notas de Arnold G. Reichenberger. [Granada, España] : Universidad de Granada, 1956. 364 p. (Colección filológica ; 12)

Se reseno el libro: El embuste acreditado. Edicion, introduccion y notas de Arnold G. Reichenberger.
Model-based Bayesian direction of arrival analysis for sound sources using a spherical microphone array

In many room acoustics and noise control applications, it is often challenging to determine the directions of arrival (DoAs) of incoming sound sources. This work seeks to solve this problem reliably by beamforming, or spatially filtering, incoming sound data with a spherical microphone array via a probabilistic method. When estimating the DoA, the signal under consideration may contain one or multiple concurrent sound sources originating from different directions. This leads to a two-tiered challenge of first identifying the correct number of sources, followed by determining the directional information of each source. To this end, a probabilistic method of model-based Bayesian analysis is leveraged. This entails generating analytic models of the experimental data, individually defined by a specific number of sound sources and their locations in physical space, and evaluating each model to fit the measured data. Through this process, the number of sources is first estimated, and then the DoA information of those sources is extracted from the model that is the most concise to fit the experimental data. This paper will present the analytic models, the Bayesian formulation, and preliminary results to demonstrate the potential usefulness of this model-based Bayesian analysis for complex noise environments with potentially multiple concurrent sources.
Budgeting for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights under universal health coverage.

Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) requires informed budgeting that is aligned with UHC objectives. We draw data from Adding It Up 2019 (AIU-2019) to...
IPO Discounts and Fraction of the Firm Sold: Theory and Evidence

I propose a model of IPO discounts with an issuer facing a variety of costs and benefits from an IPO that are proportional to issuer market capitalization in an oligopolistic IPO market as a lens to focus on the relationship between IPO underpricing and fraction of the firm sold during the IPO. Considering some of the added costs and benefits during an IPO from three factors, (1) venture capital funding, (2) issuance during the tech bubble and (3) high technology industry issuances, I use the proposed model to derive explicit empirical implications in terms of changes in the relationship between IPO discount and fraction of the firm sold arising from these factors. Tests of empirical predictions on actual IPO data demonstrate consistency with proposed model: In particular, I find the relationship between IPO discounts and fraction of the firm sold is significantly different due to these factors, as proposed by the model. Changes in this relationship explains most or all the impact of these three factors on the IPO underpricing. Also consistent with the model, the fraction of the firm sold during the IPO is also significantly different depending on these three factors.
Why the Virtues are Not Another Approach to Medical Ethics: Reconceiving the Place of Ethics in Contemporary Medicine

Despite the persistence of some polemical critiques, the virtues seem to have secured a place in the horizon of moral philosophy and theology.1 Precisely what this place will be, however, is still contestable. It would appear that the dominant trend is toward including such topics as a component within a more comprehensive pluralistic ethical method. That is, the ethical method will be one in which there is a relatively independent need for rules, for an assessment of consequences, and for an appreciation of the need for narrative, character, and/or the virtues. This is the strategy that has been adopted by a wide variety of scholars, both in terms of theological ethical method (for example, [8], [45], [63]) and with more specific reference to medical ethics (for example, [2], [19]).
Adaptation and Piloting for Hospice Social Workers of Aliviado Dementia Care, a Dementia Symptom Management Program

Background:Forty-five percent of hospice patients currently have a primary or secondary diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or related disorders. However, few programs have focused specifically on ass...
Vaping cartridge heating element compositions and evidence of high temperatures

Background Identifying the functional materials inside vaping devices can help inform efforts to understand risk. While nicotine E-cigarette components and metals have been characterized in several previous studies, the internal component compositions of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cartridge designs are not as well known. The 2019–20 e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak has been associated with THC devices containing vitamin E acetate (VEA), possibly mediated by chemical reactions with internal cartridge components and high filament temperatures. Methods We investigate the composition and internal components of 2019 EVALI patient-associated THC vaping devices compared to other THC and nicotine devices from 2016–19, specifically the metal, ceramic, and polymer components likely to be exposed to heat. To do this, we have disassembled forty-eight components from eight used and unused vaping devices under a microscope and analyzed them using X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared micro-spectroscopy. Conclusions The two THC cartridges used by EVALI patients exhibited evidence of localized high temperatures, including charring of the ceramic heating elements and damaged wire surfaces. The newer THC cartridges possessed more ceramic and polymer insulation than older THC or nicotine devices. The combination of ceramics, metals, and high temperatures in newer THC cartridges is consistent with conditions hypothesized to produce VEA reactions during vaping. Nickel and chromium components were detected in all devices, and others contained copper, lead, tin, gold, silicon-rich rubbers, or fluorinated microplastics. These components have the potential to thermally degrade and volatilize if heated sufficiently. These findings do not imply that harmful exposures would occur under all usage conditions, and are most relevant to harm reduction efforts based on avoiding higher internal temperatures. This study was limited to a small sample of cartridges obtained from investigations. Future work should test more device types and internal temperatures under controlled usage conditions.
Grammaticalization as Decategorization

This paper aims to offer a formal analysis of grammaticalization, focusing on a change from speech verbs to complementizers and other functional elements. Assuming that speech verbs consist of category-neutral roots and the verbalizer (the category-determining head), I suggest that grammaticalization of speech verbs involves loss of the verbalizer component. The proposed analysis makes a different prediction regarding possible stages/patterns of the grammaticalization in question from other generative analyses, which I argue is desirable. In particular, investigating evidential markers that have developed from speech verbs and operators that induce indexical shift, I argue that these elements are in a stage of grammaticalization predicted to exist under the proposed analysis.