cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Birth Order and Mate Selection

While studies of personality and behavioral correlates of birth order have increased, the possibility that this variable may affect mate selection has not been considered. The present study employed a brief on-the-street interview to examine the relationship between Ss' birth order and the birth order of their spouses. Ss were 100 male and 100 female pedestrians who passed the principal business corner of a large city in the Pacific Northwest. Prospective Ss were approached by a well-dressed 25-yr.-old white male who asked if they would answer a few questions for a survey. Refusals to participate were fewer than 8% and a small number of unmarried Ss were also excluded. Among other information, married Ss reported their ordinal birth position and that of their spouses. Respondents and spouses were classified as first and/or only born or later born in a 2 X 2 contingency table. For 200 respondents the relationship between S's birch position and birth position of the spouse was not significant (x2 = .644). Separate analyses of the reports of male and female Ss were also nonsignificant. Although the present sample is noc large, first and only born Ss accounted for 36% of the respondents, suggesting a fairly representative sampling of the larger population. Given this assumption and finding that previous studies have not reported birth order as a determinant of mate selection, it appears unlikely that further snldy will identify a direct relationship between the two variables. However, birth order may indirectly affect mate selection if suitable moderator variables are selected. A recent study by Touhey ( 1971 ), for example, showed that firstborn male and female undergraduates reported more premarital sexual behavior than later born college students. More comprehensive findings reported by Schachter (1959) and Douvan and Adelson (1966) have also identified a number of behavioral and personality correlates of birth order. To the extent, then, that established birth-order correlates, such as premarital sexual activity and need for affiliation, are determinants of mate selection, they might be profitably employed as moderator variables to study birth order and mate selection.
On Parallel Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Heat Conduction in Heterogeneous Materials with Three-Body Potentials: Si/Ge Superlattice

Parallelization strategies for nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations of heat conduction in heterogeneous materials are presented. In particular, a previously published algorithm involving the pair decomposition of three-body potentials is extended for heterogeneous materials. In addition, a novel and linear scaling scheme, also based on pair decomposition of three-body terms, is introduced for the calculation of the heat flux. The distributed-computing-based implementation of this algorithm is outlined and its speed-up characteristics are demonstrated to be close to ideal. Example NEMD simulations using the new algorithm are performed for the Si/Ge superlattice based on the three-body Stillinger-Weber potential.
Effect of Modality-Specific Experience on Visual and Haptic Judgment of Orientation

Although the ‘oblique effect’ (poorer performance on oblique orientations as compared to performance on vertical and horizontal orientations) is generally understood as a strictly visual phenomenon, a haptic oblique effect occurs for blindfolded subjects required to set a stimulus rod by hand. Because oblique effects are often attributed to the observer's experience with a predominantly horizontal and vertical environment, we assessed the effect of visual and haptic experience by providing subjects with modality-specific inspection periods to familiarize them with the more poorly judged obliques. Oblique error was significantly reduced in magnitude for judgments made by the modality of experience, and for judgments made across modalities. Rate of improvement, consistency of transfer, and the subjective reports of subjects indicate that this haptic oblique effect is more strongly influenced by visual experience and imagery than by haptic experience. It need not be interpreted as an effect based on factors ...
Birds of a Feather Democratic Political Systems and Alliance Choices in the Twentieth Century

An examination of the alliance choices of democratic states between 1920 and 1939 and between 1946 and 1965 is undertaken to answer the question, do democracies have a tendency to ally with each other more than they ought to according to probability? The analysis of the data indicates that during the first period there was an initial tendency for democratic states to ally with each other at a higher rate than probability indicates should have been the case, but that the overall level of democratic alliances decreased as the rate of their existing alliances dissolved and democracies sought other types of partners. During the period from 1946 to 1965 alliances between democracies were formed and maintained at much higher rates than probability indicates should have been the case. Further analysis demonstrates that this effect is probably not significantly affected by either the effects of previous wartime alliances or geography.
Gender Differences in Children's Conceptions of Competence and Motivation in Physical Education

ABSTRACT This study investigated the competence perceptions and motivational beliefs of 50 physical education students who had adopted stereotypical perceptions of two gender oriented physical activities, dance and basketball. Specifically, the research asked students to explain why basketball is sometimes viewed as more appropriate for boys and dance is viewed as more appropriate for girls. The research also aimed to understand why students think they will not be as skilled and why many seem not to try in activities not viewed as gender appropriate. Participants were 50 fifthgraders who had personally adopted stereotypical perceptions regarding appropriateness of basketball and dance for male and female participation. A standardized open‐ended interview technique was utilized to ascertain what mediated student viewpoints about competence and motivation and how children viewed and assessed teacher motivational practice. Results indicated that competence and motivational beliefs of students with well‐estab...
Development of scientific software in the LISP machine environment

Abstract Our group at Boston University is involved both in field theory simulations and in the design and construction of a special purpose arithmetic processor (the Space Time Array Computer - STAC) for such applications. We have found the LISP programming language as well as the LISP Machine environment productive tools for developing scientific software and for design and software development of the STAC processor. The LISP Machine environment is integrated and interactive (allowing incremental software development) and it offers many powerful tools for abstraction and symbolic manipulation. We describe some of the issues involved in the high level formulation of algorithms in LISP as compared with FORTRAN and with the mapping from such a formulation to low level code. We also describe some of the difficulties encountered by the physicist-programmer in making the transition between traditional languages and the LISP.
Integral equation predictions of liquid state structure for waterlike intermolecular potentials

An application of our recently developed extended RISM equation formulation to several three‐site models of water is presented. The site–site correlation functions are obtained and compared to available computer simulation results. Further, the variation of liquid state structure with the model site charge is examined. The analysis of these results has demonstrated that the integral equation approach provides a correct qualitative description of the liquid structure, although the amplitudes of most structural features are somewhat less accurate that their positions. Comparison to our earlier results for simpler models suggests that the nature of the quantitative deficiencies of the approach is predictable. The charging study has shown that the development of waterlike structure with increasing site charge follows a qualitatively different pattern for oxygen–oxygen pairs, compared to those involving hydrogen. This is attributed to interference between the amplitudes characteristic of liquid water and of simple liquids. These results suggest that this is the origin of a relatively flat 0–0 correlation function for several models studied in the past, and, further, that such results should not be properly characterized as ’’unstructured.’’
What unleashes aberrant gene regulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia

[Comment on Yuan et al, page 961][1]In this issue of Blood , Yuan and colleagues report on an extensive transcriptional analysis of the normal differentiation of murine myeloid cells in culture and compare these gene expression patterns with those of mice engineered to express the PML-RARα
The Ground-Water Situation in Ohioa

Present ground-water use in Ohio, approximately 650mgd (million gallons per day) amounts to about 5 percent of the water that enters the ground-water reservoirs. The largest ground-water supplies are developed where natural concentrations of water occur, chiefly in the watercourse aquifers, which consist of sand and gravel of glacial origin (outwash) in the valleys of the major streams. Other important aquifers are glacial outwash in upland areas and in the buried Teays Valley system, the limestone and dolomite aquifers in western Ohio, and sandstone and shale aquifers in the eastern half of the State. Future outlook is that more of the increasing water demand will be met from ground-water sources. Ground-water supplies will be developed at many new sites, and aquifers in areas already heavily pumped will be made to yield more water by the drilling of additional wells and recharging the aquifers artificially. Large quantities of ground water in storage, virtually unexploited, could be used for temporary low-flow augmentation of streams. Management of ground-water resources will be needed to help solve supply and distribution problems, and to resolve conflicts between users. Among future problems will be those arising from underground disposal of wastes, a practice which is expected to grow substantially from enforcement of water-quality standards for streams, set under the Federal Water Quality Act of 1965.
Coherent control of strong field multiphoton absorption in the presence of dynamic Stark shifts

We show that coherent control of multiphoton transitions is possible in the strong field limit, even in the presence of large dynamic Stark shifts. By tailoring the phase of an ultrafast laser pulse, one can compensate for the dynamic Stark shift during the atom-field interaction to achieve efficient population transfer in two-photon absorption. Numerical simulations for atomic sodium reveal efficient population transfer from the $\ensuremath{\mid}3s⟩$ ground state to the $\ensuremath{\mid}4s⟩$ excited state using an appropriately shaped ultrafast laser pulse. The theory and simulations provide insight into coherent control of more complicated multiphoton processes.
Training individuals for distributed teams: problem solving assessment for distributed mission research☆

In this paper we describe an effort investigating the feasibility and utility of cognitively diagnostic assessment of problem solving when training for distributed team tasks. We utilized computer-based knowledge elicitation methods to assess both relational problem solving, requiring the semantic integration of concepts, and dynamic problem solving, requiring the ability to integrate and apply these concepts. Additionally, we addressed how metacognitive processes interact with learning outcomes when training for complex synthetic task environments. We find first, that multiple methods of assessing problem solving performance are diagnostic of knowledge acquisition for a complex synthetic team task, and second, that general metacomprehension predisposition is related to metacomprehension accuracy in synthetic task environments.
The crystal structure of an unusual chromophoric dimeric furan.

Abstract The red-orange crystals of (E)-2-[1-(3-hydroxy-2-furanyl)ethylidene]-(2H)-furan-3-one, C10H8O4, crystallize in space group P21/c with Z = 8, cell dimensions at 123 K [293 K], a = 16.222(4) [16.360(8)] A, b = 7.089(2) [7.219(4)] A, c = 16.631(5) [16.722(8)] A, β = 115.20(3) [115.50(7)]°. There are two symmetry non-equivalent molecules in the unit cell, each of which has an unsymmetrical configuration with an unsymmetrical OH···OC intramolecular hydrogen bond. This is contrary to a previous report based on the solid-state i.r. spectrum. The two furan rings in each molecule are planar, but not coplanar. They are inclined at angles of 33.4° and 26.1° to each other, in opposite senses in the two molecules.
A new mechanism for lepton-flavor violation τ→μγ in the flipped string

Abstract We explore a new mechanism for lepton-flavor violation which is manifest in the flipped SU(5) string model, and may be a generic feature of string-derived models. this mechanism generates off-diagonal slepton masses from otherwise flavor diagonal Yukawa matrices when heavy vector-like leptons decouple at a high-mass scale. As an example of lepton-flavor violation, we present an order of magnitude prediction for the branching ratio BR( τ → μγ ) in the flipped string. The result depends crucially on the details of the extra vector-like fermion decoupling, and on the assumed nature and scale of supersymmetry breaking. For natural choices of the parameters we obtain a large BR( τ → μγ ), which we show to be well within the reach of present and future experimental searches.
Bandwidth optimization of femtosecond pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering by pump/Stokes spectral focusing

A simple spectral focusing scheme for bandwidth optimization of gas-phase rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra is presented. The method is useful when femtosecond pump/Stokes preparation of the Raman coherence is utilized. The approach is of practical utility when working with laser pulses that are not strictly transform limited or when windows or other sources of pulse chirp may be present in the experiment. A delay between the femtosecond preparation pulses is introduced to shift the maximum Raman preparation away from zero frequency and toward the Stokes or anti-Stokes side of the spectrum with no loss in total preparation bandwidth. Shifts of 100 cm−1 or more are attainable and allow for enhanced detection of high-energy (150–300 cm−1) rotational Raman transitions at near-transform-limited optimum sensitivity. A simple theoretical treatment for the case of identical pump and Stokes pulses with linear frequency chirp is presented. The approach is then demonstrated experimentally for typical levels of transform-limited laser performance obtained in our laboratory with nonresonant CARS in argon and Raman-resonant spectra from a lean H2/air flat flame.
Decline of vasopressin immunoreactivity and mRNA levels in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis following castration.

Vasopressinergic (VP) neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of the rat are regulated by gonadal steroids. Gonadectomy causes the projections of the BNST to lose their VP immunoreactivity gradually over a period lasting more than 2 months. Here we have compared the rate of decline of VP mRNA and VP immunoreactivity in the BNST of adult male rats following castration. In experiment 1, the peak number of VP-immunoreactive cells and the level of VP gene expression were compared in sham-operated controls and at 1, 3, or 8 weeks postcastration. The number of VP-immunoreactive cells was not decreased at 1 week postcastration but was significantly reduced (p less than 0.0001) at 3 and 8 weeks postcastration. VP gene expression declined more rapidly, and both the total number of labeled cells (p less than 0.0001) and the average number of grains per cell (p less than 0.01) were significantly reduced by 1 week postcastration. No VP-expressing cells were detectable at 3 or 8 weeks. The difference in the rate of decline in the number of cells labeled by the two techniques following castration did not appear to be due to colchicine pretreatment. In experiment 2, VP mRNA in the BNST was compared in sham- operated controls or at 1, 3, or 7 d postcastration. A significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in the average number of grains per cell was detectable by just 1 d following castration, and the number of labeled cells was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) by 3 d postcastration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A morphological study of the polyethylene-acridine phase diagram

Optical microscopy has been used to investigate the morphologies present in the phase diagram of the low density polyethylene-acridine system. Prior work had demonstrated the presence of two compound crystals of polyethylene and acridine at compositions 50 and 85 wt% acridine, respectively. Studies carried out confirm the transition temperatures of phase changes as determined earlier using X-ray diffractometry. Both compounds exhibit large, apparently single, crystals as part of the polycrystalline structure and do not appear to form the lamellar structures characteristic of polymers.
The relationship between the big-five model of personality and self-regulated learning strategies.

Abstract The study examined the relationship between the big-five model of personality and the use of self-regulated learning strategies. Measures of self-regulated learning strategies and big-five personality traits were administered to a sample of undergraduate students. Results from canonical correlation analysis indicated an overlap between the big-five personality factors and the set of self-regulatory learning strategies. The study also compared the relative contributions of the personality factors and the self-regulated learning strategies in predicting academic achievement. The results from hierarchical multiple regressions suggest that the personality trait of Intellect made an independent contribution to the variance in student GPA, whereas effort regulation mediated the effects of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. The relevance of personality constructs in the learning context is discussed in terms of dispositions for active learning.
Education, Jobs, and Equity in the Middle East and North Africa

In this paper, I describe the employment problems of Middle Eastern youth in terms of a credentialist equilibrium, in which investments in education have mainly served to secure desired public sector jobs. These problems are low productivity of education, high youth unemployment, and long waiting times between graduation and a first job as youth queue for public sector jobs. The outcomes can be directly linked to past (successful) efforts of nationalist governments that promoted modernization and social and economic mobility by linking government jobs to formal schooling. This strategy has been failing in recent decades because of the shrinking ability of the public sector to hire graduates and the rapidly rising population of youth. An important reason for the longevity of the policies that have created these adverse outcomes, and of the authoritarian bargain that has characterized Middle Eastern societies, is that their implementation was relatively meritocratic and free of the type of corruption that pervaded other government operations. In the early stages, access to schools and government jobs were based on performance in school rather than social class. However, evidence shows that even this aspect of the authoritarian bargain has eroded in recent years. Success in schools has increasingly come to depend on parental background and place of birth, thus undermining the legitimacy of the state-led education and employment strategy. I argue that reform of the exiting systems, in particular replacing the role of the public sector as the principal employer of educated youth with the private sector, is fraught with difficulties because populist pressures call for more, not less, state interventions and redistribution.
Covariance matrix of a shape population

Computing the covariance matrix of a population of shapes is essential for establishing shape correspondence, identifying shape variation across the population, and building statistical shape models. The covariance matrix is usually computed from a discrete set of points (a.k.a. landmarks) sampled on each shape. The distribution and density of the sampled points thus greatly influence the covariance matrix and its spectral decomposition. To understand and overcome this dependency on point sampling, in this paper, we develop accurate and efficient methods for directly computing continuous formulations of the covariance matrix. We adopt B-splines both as a shape representation and as a form of reparameterization. We apply B-splines into two continuous formulations for computing the covariance matrix of shapes. We develop both analytical and efficient numerical methods for computing such matrices. In both formulations, the covariance matrix from the corresponding numerical approximation converges to the matrix from the continuous formulations when the number of sampled points in each shape becomes sufficiently large. Their applications in optimizing shape correspondence by minimizing the description length of a set of shapes are presented. Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsAn efficient method for computing covariance matrix of a shape population is proposed.In this method, B-splines are used both for shape representation and for reparameterization of B-spline curves/surfaces.With the use of B-splines, continuous forms of shape covariance matrix can be computed either in an analytical form or approximated efficiently through numerical integration.The method has been applied in optimizing correspondence across the shape population.
Herbal Supplements for Stress

Many herbal products are currently being marketed to the public as having a positive effect on stress reduction. Little research has been conducted on these products that provide health care profes...
Autonomic compensation to simulated hemorrhage monitored with heart period variability

Objective:To test the hypothesis that components of heart period variability track autonomic function during simulated hemorrhage in humans.Design:Prospective experimental laboratory intervention.Setting:Human physiology laboratory.Subjects:A total of 33 healthy, nonsmoking, volunteer subjects (23 m
176. An Inhibitor of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase (Fah) for Selection of Transplanted Hepatocytes and Gene Correction In Vivo

Mice deficient in the tyrosine catabolic enzyme Fah are an excellent model for liver repopulation by selection. Fah positive cells from several different origins can engraft and correct the phenotype of a Fah-mutant liver. Non-cell based gene therapy leading to the in situ correction of the Fah-deficiency also works and repopulation levels of >90% are routinely achieved. Thus, hepatic Fah deficiency provides a powerful in vivo selection environment for cells genetically resistant to the enzyme deficiency. In order to mimic the same selective pressure in animals not genetically deficient in Fah, we developed a small molecule inhibitor of Fah. 4-[(2-carboxyethyl)- hydroxyphosphinyl]-3-oxobutyrate (CEHPOBA) has a nanomolar Ki for Fah and was injected intraperitoneally into C57/BL6 mice at a concentration of 1|[mu]|moles per gram body weight. In a first round of experiments, the duration of Fah inhibition in vivo was tested. We found that a once-daily injection resulted in a lasting enzyme repression. Next, we tested if transplanted hepatocytes could be selected under continuous CEHPOBA administration. As shown previously, hepatocytes mutant for the homogentisic acid dioxygenase (Hgd) an enzyme upstream of Fah in tyrosine catabolism are able to repopulate the livers of mice with Fah-deficiency. We therefore transplanted 500,000 sex-mismatched Hgd-mutant hepatocytes into Fah+ C57/BL6 mice and concomitantly started CEHPOBA treatment. Treated animals appeared healthy and displayed no major side-effects. After 4 weeks of daily CEHPOBA injection, the livers were harvested and analyzed by semi-quantitative PCR and histology for the presence of Y-chromosome. 1|[ndash]|10% of total hepatocytes were Y-chromosome positive. Transplanted, Y-chromosome positive hepatocytes displaying Fah wild type formed nodules proving clonal expansion and ongoing selection of the genetically favored hepatocytes. Our results show that a significant selection of genetically resistant hepatocytes can be achieved by CEHPOBA administration in vivo. This proof-of-principle opens the door to a whole new field of experimental and therapeutic options for cell transplantation and gene correction of liver diseases in vivo. CEHPOBA resistance occurs in cells lacking enzymes upstream of Fah in tyrosine metabolism and could therefore be achieved by shRNAs targeting these genes. This strategy is currently under investigation.
Applying Geography in the Classroom Through Structured Discussions

Abstract Classroom discussions are powerful interactive tools for learning geographical concepts and for developing critical thinking skills. Without structure, discussions are often difficult to initiate and control. The discussion format, presented for use in small-group environments, provides a structure for anticipating and preparing for class discussions. It requires the student to become an active participant in the learning process. Implementation is discussed for use within a single daily class session, as well as a strategy for scheduling over the course of an academic term. An example of a structured discussion is presented, using a newspaper article on soils for a topical discussion.
HORSE-SENSE: UNDERSTANDING THE WORKING HORSE IN VICTORIAN LONDON

Several important studies of animals in Victorian Britain have considered the ways that animals have served as surrogates for the discussion of human relationships. Historical statements about the treatment of animals are often interpreted as telling stories about issues such as class dynamics or social problems among humans. But must one always imagine animals to have been only the ostensible subject of discussion? While it is certainly important to study how historical discussions about animals have reflected and expressed opinions about sensitive, tense, or otherwise difficult relationships among humans and groups of humans, it is unreasonable to dismiss all discussion of the welfare of animals as a cover for what is really a concern about humans. Is it not just as interesting – and important – to consider the ways in which humans have identified with animals as animals? The introduction of the animal as animal into the discussion of human culture reveals a level of complexity in life and history that is all too easily overlooked.
On the nonvanishing of homogeneous product sums

For integer n ≥ 1 let Hn = Hn(x, y, z) = Σp + q + r = nxpyqzr be the homogeneous product sum of weight n on three letters x, y, z. Morgan Ward conjectured that Hn ≠ 0 for all integers n, x, y, z with n > 1 and xyz ≠ 0. In support of this conjecture he proved that Hn ≠ 0 if n is even or if n + 2 is a prime number greater than 3. This paper adds considerably more evidence in support of Ward's conjecture by showing that in many cases Hn(a, b, c)¬=0 modulo 2, 4, or 16. The parity of Hn(a, b, c) is determined in all cases and, when Hn(a, b, c) is even, further congruences are given modulo 4 or 16.
EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW ESTER PECTIN GELS

Low-ester pectin gels were prepared by acid and a combination of acid and ammonium hydroxide demethylation. The chemical compositional data such as percent esterification, acid amide, free carboxyl, galacturonic acid and apparent molecular weight of the gels were determined. The maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and relaxation time prior to fracture of the low ester pectin gels were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Significant correlations were obtained between (a) relaxation time during fracture propagation and percent esterification; (b) maximum stress and molecular weight; and (c) maximum stress and percent acid amide groups. It was also found that percent acid amide groups in the pectin contributed to the strength of the gels over and above the effect of decreasing percent free carboxyl groups.
Commentary on Becoming a Daughter: Trauma is a powerful teacher.

Personal life crises profoundly impact genetic counselor practice. In this commentary, themes from Matloff’s (in press) article, Becoming a Daughter are highlighted and expanded upon. These themes include: personal impact of a life crisis, and professional impact vis a vis empathy countertransference, self-disclosure, nondirectiveness, and self-confidence. Strategies that help genetic counselors manage personal life crises within their clinical practice and also promote their professional development are emphasized, including normalization of life crises, self-reflection, boundary-setting, and use of peer supervision and consultation.
The Feminist Forum: Voices From the Field:

The feminist forum examines some of the conflicting interests and diverse experiences that emerge from disciplinarity, gender, age, racelethnicity, sexuality, and other identities. Considering that...
Fault controlled sequential vein dilation: competition between slip and precipitation rates in the Austin Chalk, Texas

Abstract Multi-layered calcite veins in a dilatant jog of a left-stepping, left-slipping shallowly buried fault segment are composed of alternating millimeter- to submillimeter-thick calcite veinlets and host lithons forming a coarse ‘crack–seal’ texture. The grain fabrics in calcite veinlets are mostly equant or irregular, suggesting face-controlled grain growth in a fluid-filled cavity. The relatively thick veinlets can be developed by progressive fault slip and veinlet opening simultaneously with calcite precipitation under low effective stress. Continuous changes in the oxygen isotopic compositions of the calcite veinlets along the length of veins suggest that the individual calcite veinlets were sequentially developed from the footwall to the hanging wall. There is no particular evidence that these veins represent excursions in fluid pressure or instantaneous fracture opening related to episodic fault slip; the fracture formation and filling cycle could have taken place along a continuously slipping fault contained within a porous rock with normal fluid pressure.
Teacher and School Librarian Collaboration: A Preliminary Report of Teachers' Perceptions about Frequency and Importance to Student Learning / La collaboration entre enseignants et bibliothécaires scolaires : rapport préliminaire sur la perception par les enseignants de sa fréquence et de son importance pour l'apprentissage des étudiants

Understanding teacher and school librarian collaboration is essential for school librarians to be able to comply with professional school librarian guidelines. While information exists about what school librarians perceive teacher and school librarian collaboration to be, little is understood about teachers' perceptions of collaborative endeavors with school librarians. This study examines teachers' perceptions of teacher and school librarian collaboration. The study surveyed 194 elementary school teachers in two school districts to determine how frequently teachers engaged in collaborative endeavors and how important to student learning teachers' perceived the collaborative endeavors to be. A 16 item self-administered survey was used for data collection. Resume: Comprendre la collaboration entre l'enseignant et le bibliothecaire est essentiel pour les bibliothecaires scolaires afin d'etre en mesure de se conformer aux directives de leur profession. On dispose d'information sur la perception qu'ont les bibliothecaires scolaires de la collaboration qui doit s'etablir entre l'enseignant et le bibliothecaire scolaire, mais la perception qu'ont les enseignants de leurs tentatives de collaboration avec les bibliothecaires scolaires est moins bien comprise. Cette etude se penche sur la perception qu'ont les enseignants de la collaboration entre l'enseignant et le bibliothecaire scolaire. L'enquete a porte sur 194 enseignants d'ecole primaire dans deux districts scolaires afin de determiner la frequence des efforts de collaboration ainsi que l'importance de ces efforts, telle que percue par les enseignants, pour l'apprentissage des etudiants. Une enquete auto-administree en 16 points a ete utilisee pour la collecte des donnees.
Identification of the t Complex–encoded Cytoplasmic Dynein Light Chain Tctex1 in Inner Arm I1 Supports the Involvement of Flagellar Dyneins in Meiotic Drive

The cytoplasmic dynein light chain Tctex1 is a candidate for one of the distorter products involved in the non-Mendelian transmission of mouse t haplotypes. It has been unclear, however, how the t -specific mutations in this protein, which is found associated with cytoplasmic dynein in many tissues, could result in a male germ cell–specific phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that Tctex1 is not only a cytoplasmic dynein component, but is also present both in mouse sperm and Chlamydomonas flagella. Genetic and biochemical dissection of the Chlamydomonas flagellum reveal that Tctex1 is a previously undescribed component of inner dynein arm I1. Combined with the recent identification of another putative t complex distorter, Tctex2, within the outer dynein arm, these results support the hypothesis that transmission ratio distortion (meiotic drive) of mouse t haplotypes involves dysfunction of both flagellar inner and outer dynein arms but does not require the cytoplasmic isozyme.
Glycan reductive isotope labeling for quantitative glycomics

Many diseases and disorders are characterized by quantitative and/or qualitative changes in complex carbohydrates. Mass spectrometry methods show promise in monitoring and detecting these important biological changes. Here we report a new glycomics method, termed glycan reductive isotope labeling (GRIL), where free glycans are derivatized by reductive amination with the differentially coded stable isotope tags [(12)C(6)]aniline and [(13)C(6)]aniline. These dual-labeled aniline-tagged glycans can be recovered by reverse-phase chromatography and can be quantified based on ultraviolet (UV) absorbance and relative ion abundances. Unlike previously reported isotopically coded reagents for glycans, GRIL does not contain deuterium, which can be chromatographically resolved. Our method shows no chromatographic resolution of differentially labeled glycans. Mixtures of differentially tagged glycans can be directly compared and quantified using mass spectrometric techniques. We demonstrate the use of GRIL to determine relative differences in glycan amount and composition. We analyze free glycans and glycans enzymatically or chemically released from a variety of standard glycoproteins, as well as human and mouse serum glycoproteins, using this method. This technique allows linear relative quantitation of glycans over a 10-fold concentration range and can accurately quantify sub-picomole levels of released glycans, providing a needed advancement in the field of glycomics.
Design and Construction of a UHV-LT-STM System for Atom Manipulation on MBE Grown Semiconductor Surfaces

An ultra-high-vacuum low-temperature scanning-tunneling-microscope (UHV-LT-STM) capable of single atom/molecule manipulation on molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown semiconductor surfaces has been designed and constructed. The STM scanner design is based on a modified Besoke-Beetle type and the thermal drift of the system is less than 0.1 nm/hr, which allows to perform I-V, dI/dV and vibrational tunneling spectroscopy measurements at single atom level. The sample holding stage is designed to have electrical contact at the surface layer of the sample. This permits tunneling into wide band-gap MBE grown semiconductor surfaces at low substrate temperatures. As a demonstration, the first low temperature STM image of GaN(0001) surface at 5 K and an atom-by-atom deposition process using vertical atom-manipulation on this are also presented.
Personal Authority and Its Relationship to Marital Satisfaction

SUMMARY This article reports the findings of a study which investigated the relationship between personal authority (PA) and marital satisfaction (MS). Personal authority is a developmental psy-chosocial stage of life in which the individual terminates the hierarchical boundaries between themselves and their parents, takes full responsibility for their decisions and behaviors, and begins to relate to all other human beings, including parents, as peers. Although it can take a lifetime of purposeful effort to maintain PA, it is assumed that it can be obtained somewhere between the fourth and fifth decades of life (Bray, 1987). lb test the effects of PA on reported levels of MS, fifty-eight married couples filled out the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire, to measure each indi-vidual's level of PA, and the Marital Satisfaction Scale, Form-C to measure rates of satisfaction within the marital relationship. Results demontrate a clear positive relationship between PA and MS (beta = .28, P < .05)
Magnetic field dependence of the attenuation of acoustic shear waves in the mixed state of a type II superconductor

Abstract The variation of the amplitude-attenuation coefficient for acoustic shear waves propagating parallel to the applied magnetic field in the mixed state of a type II superconductor is studied theoretically on the basis of a phenomenological model which takes into account in a consistent manner the coupling between the flux line lattice and the crystal lattice. Numerical application to several traditional type II superconductors gives reasonably good agreement with experiment. The frequency dependence of the attenuation coefficient is also in agreement with experiment.
Integration of pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction into HIV primary care for HIV/hepatitis C virus-co-infected patients.

Pharmacotherapy for substance abuse is a rapidly evolving field comprising both old and new effective treatments for substance use. Opiate agonist therapy has been shown to diminish and often eliminate opiate use. This behavior change has resulted in the reduced transmission of many infections, including HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and an enhanced quality of life. For the past 35 years, the provision of opioid agonist therapy has been limited to opioid treatment programmes. Opioid treatment programmes treat approximately 200000 of the estimated million opiate-addicted individuals in the United States. With the need to increase the number of treatment opportunities available for opioid-dependent patients, Congress passed the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000, which allows for the treatment of opioid dependence using buprenorphine by a properly licensed physician, including HIV primary care physicians. The integration of buprenorphine treatment for opioid addiction into HIV primary care thus provides a new treatment paradigm to address substance abuse in patients with HIV and HCV infections.
Inequalities for stochastic flow shops and job shops

Consider an m-machine flow shop with n jobs. The processing time of job j, j = 1,…, n, on each one of the m machines is equal to the random variable Xj and is distributed according to Fj. We show that, under certain conditions, more homogeneous distributions F1,…, Fn result in a smaller expected makespan. We also study the effect of the variability of distribution Fj on the expected waiting costs of the n jobs and on the job sequencing which minimizes this total expected waiting cost. We show that the smallest (largest) variance first rule minimizes the total expected waiting cost on a single machine when the waiting cost function is increasing convex (concave). We also show that the smallest variance first rule minimizes, under given conditions, the total expected waiting cost in an m machine flow shop when the waiting cost function is increasing convex. Similar results are also obtained for the two-machine job shop. Similar results cannot be obtained when the processing times of job j on the various machines are i.i.d. and distributed according to Fj.
The Urgent Need to Reduce Sodium Consumption

APPROXIMATELY 16.7 MILLION INDIVIDUALS WORLDwide, including 850 000 in the United States, annually die of cardiovascular diseases. Almost 8 million of these deaths are attributed to hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication). Many additional deaths are attributable to prehypertension (SBP 120-139 mm Hg and/or DBP 80-89 mm Hg). In the United States, more than 27% of adults have hypertension and another 31% have prehypertension. The lifetime probability of developing hypertension in the United States approaches 90%. Worldwide, more than 26% of adults have hypertension. Across populations, the progressive increase in blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension with age are directly related to sodium intake. Numerous observational studies and randomized controlled trials document that high sodium intake increases blood pressure. The evidence implicating excess sodium intake as a major cause of high blood pressure levels has been called “overwhelming.” Most of the world’s population consumes 2300 to 4600 mg of sodium (100-200 mmol or 1-2 tsp of salt) daily. Average adult sodium intake in the United States approximates 4000 mg/d per 2000 kcal. Secular trends show a 55% increase in sodium intake from the early 1970s to 2000; simultaneously, the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension has increased by 50%. In the US diet, 77% of sodium comes from processed and restaurant foods, 12% occurs naturally in foods, 6% is added at the table, and 5% is added during cooking. Many processed foods contain 1000 mg or more per serving, while typical restaurant meals contain 2300 to 4600 mg of sodium (TABLE). A consensus has emerged that sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods should be reduced substantially. Relevant policy developments in the United States and elsewhere, as well as possible solutions to address this important problem, are presented herein.
Semantics and syntax in word learning

This study compared the effects of semantics and syntax in word learning on subsequent use of new words. Forty-eight fourth graders were randomly assigned to one of three training groups. Seven CVC trigrams, each of a different grammatical form class, were learned as new words. Trigrams were learned in response to sets of three pictured instances of a referent by a Semantics Training group; to sets of three sentences omitting the word of one form class by a Syntax Training group; to sets of three pictures presented with corresponding sentences by a Both Training group. Semantics Training Ss required the greatest number of trials to criterion. The Ss demonstrated acquisition of syntax by completing sentences in a grammatical use test. Semantic meaning was evidenced by matching trigrams to English equivalents. The Ss trained with sentences were best able to use the new words grammatically. The Ss trained with pictures were best able to identify new verbal instances of the referent. Sex differences were neither reliable nor consistent in direction. Correct use by form class was reported. It is concluded that (a) referential association is more effective than syntax for acquisition of semantic meaning, and (b) grammatical use is more effective than semantics as a method of acquiring syntactic meaning.
Productivity ratings of graduate programs in criminal justice based on publication in ten critical journals

Abstract This article examines scholarly productivity among faculty members of graduate programs in criminal justice. Studies of scholarly productivity in other disciplines have frequently appeared in the literature. Cartter's early work on “prestige levels” was cited as being the forerunner in this respect. The authors obtained rankings of the “ten most critical” journals from graduate criminal justice program directors. After the list of journals was compiled, these journals were searched for the most recent five-year period. Articles published by full-time faculty members at fifty-two institutions were included in the study. In addition to total productivity, data on productivity adjusted for faculty size was also presented. Problems and controversy associated with this type of work are cited by the authors.
Social choice and normative population theory : A person affecting solution to Parfit's mere addition paradox

L'A. defend la plausibilite d'une conception consequentialiste de la theorie normative de la population qui rendrait compte des implications de nos choix genesiques et des politiques sociales sur la croissance de la population. L'A. tente de resoudre le paradoxe de la simple addition souleve par D. Parfit par l'introduction du principe (utilitariste) de l'affect de la personne
Two Topics On Holographic Research

In this paper we discuss two research programs in holography currently under study in our laboratory. One is giant pulsed ruby laser holography and the other is the applica-tion of photopolymers, a real-time photo recording material, to holography.© (1970) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fiber-induced degradation in RF-over-fiber links

Optical fiber induced noise limits the noise performance of several radio frequency (RF) over fiber links. In this work, we characterize the effects of Rayleigh scattering on the intensity and phase noise of RF signals transmitted via optical fibers. In addition, we investigate laser frequency modulation as a means of suppressing Rayleigh-induced RF intensity and phase noise. We find the optimal frequency range for laser frequency modulation and demonstrate up to 30 dB suppression of fiber induced noise.
969-93 Long Term Outcome of Mono-Immunosuppression in Cardiac Transplant Recipients

Steroid-free immunosuppression has been reported to be successful in select cardiac transplant recipients. Further reduction of immuno-suppression meditation (using cyclosporine alone) has been reported; however, there is concern regarding long term outcome. In our institution, since 1989, 16 cardiac transplant patients on double-immunosuppression (cyclosporine and azathioprine) whose WBC decreased to less than 4,000 were also taken off azathioprine and maintained on mono-immunosuppression (cyclosporine alone). Five year actuarial survival for this group is 92%, and there has been no evidence for transplant coronary artery disease (defined as any luminal irregularity) in any of the annual coronary angiograms. Comparison of actuarial survival curves between mono-immunosuppression patients and tripleimmunosuppression patients is as follows: Download : Download high-res image (69KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusion Mono-immunosuppression (cyclosporine alone) appears successful in select cardiac transplant recipients. The low risk for transplant coronary artery disease may be due to a lowering of associated risk factors and the selection of an “immuno-privileged” patient population.