cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptable situation-aware secure service-based (AS/sup 3/) systems

Service-oriented systems are distributed systems which have the major advantage of enabling rapid composition of distributed applications, regardless of the programming languages and platforms used in developing and running different components of the applications. In these systems, various capabilities are provided by different organizations as services interconnected by various types of networks. The services can be integrated following a specific workflow to achieve a mission goal for users. For large-scale service-based systems involving multiple organizations, high confidence and adaptability are of prime concern in order to ensure that users can use these systems anywhere, anytime with various devices, knowing that their confidentiality and privacy are well protected and the systems will adapt to satisfy their needs in various situations. Hence, these systems must be adaptable, situation-aware and secure. In this paper, an approach to rapid development of adaptable situation-aware secure service-based (AS/sup 3/) systems is presented. Our approach enables users to rapidly generate, discover, compose services into processes to achieve their goals based on the situation and adapt these processes when situation changes.
Community Power and Strategies in Race Relations: Some Critical Observations

When Floyd Hunter published Community Power Structure (2) in 1953, it was the first of a recent series of sociological researches into social power in the community, and it remains the best known. Whatever its significance to sociology, however, Hunter's study gave theoretical perspective to one of several emerging strands of theory and action among intergroup relations practitioners and provided a new and fruitful basis for theorization between social scientists and this still developing profession. Intergroup relations practitioners have been sensitive to community power as one of several diverse elements rele-
Validity and Reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in College Students

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the self-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form in college students. One hundred twenty-three undergraduate students (20.8 ± 1.5 years of age, 76% Caucasian, 74% female) wore an accelerometer and pedometer at their waists for seven consecutive days and completed the IPAQ at the end of the week. Approximately 4–6 days later they completed the IPAQ again, recalling their physical activity during the week they wore the monitoring devices. Spearman correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to examine criterion validity and stability reliability respectively. Criterion validity correlation coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.26 for total weekly time spent in physical activity from the IPAQ and values from the accelerometer and pedometer. The ICCs between the two administrations of the IPAQ ranged from 0.71–0.89. The results of this study indicate th...
Development of Improved Crosslinking Monomers for Molecularly Imprinted Materials

Molecular imprinting involves the self-assembled complexation of a substrate to functional monomers to form a pre-polymer complex which is “locked-in” to place by copolymerization with an excess of crosslinking monomer. Removal of the template leaves binding or catalytic sites that are complementary in size, shape, and functionality to the template. Most of the research in molecularly imprinted materials has focused on choice of substrate or functional monomer of the pre-polymer complex. The cross-linking monomers have primarily been EGDMA or DVB, which are commercially available. Redirecting focus on the design of crosslinking monomers for molecular imprinting, we have developed new classes of crosslinked polymers to optimize the performance of molecularly imprinted polymers. The design of the new crosslinking monomers has followed two strategies: (1) development of new crosslinked materials for formation of the supporting matrix, and (2) development of crosslinking monomers that simultaneously serve as the functional monomer. The details of the design, synthesis, polymerization and performance of these new crosslinking monomers for molecularly imprinted polymers will be reported.
The Role of Inclusion Size in Toughening of Epoxy Resins by Spherical Micelles

We report our finding of an optimal length scale for toughening of epoxies using spherical micelles formed by block copolymers. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(hexylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PHO-PEO) with 30 wt % PEO self-assembled to form spherical micelles in a bisphenol A epoxy resin with a phenol novolac hardener. We systematically increased the size of the spherical micelles from 20-30 nm to 0.5-10 μm by swelling their PHO core using PHO homopolymer. Although all the blends were tougher than the unmodified epoxy, the largest enhancement of fracture resistance was measured in blends containing 0.1-1 μm spherical inclusions. This enhanced toughness was correlated with plastic deformation by shear banding in tensile test and greater roughness of the fracture surface. Smaller micelles neither induced plastic deformation nor contributed to surface roughness significantly whereas larger micelles acted as local defects resulting in early failure. These findings provide a framework in assessing the toughening effects of blended block copolymers on epoxy resins.
Freedom and Authority in Political Theology: A Response to Oliver O'Donovan's The Desire of the Nations

Cet article propose des remarques sur l'ouvrage de O'Donovan, Le desir des nations (1996), que l'A. considere comme un livre erudit et provocateur. Il commence par situer la perspective a partir de laquelle il lit cette oeuvre pour permettre de mieux comprendre son argumentation et de faire emerger les points principaux a discuter. Puis il etudie les aspects qu'il a isoles en suivant le fil du livre et conclut par des critiques personnelles.
Intertidal meiofaunal biodiversity with respect to different algal habitats: a test using phytal ostracodes from Southern California

Rocky intertidal algae harbor a diverse invertebrate meiofauna of arthropods, nematodes and other invertebrates. Despite its ecological importance, relatively little is known about the diversity and composition of this important component of intertidal biodiversity. In this study, we quantified species composition, abundance and distribution of ostracodes, an important group of phytal meiofauna, at two different intertidal areas in southern California. In total, we recovered 22 ostracode species from three different orders (16 podocopids, five myodocopids and one platycopid), nearly a quarter of which could not be assigned to existing taxa. The abundance of ostracodes differed significantly among algal types, with structurally complex algae bearing many more ostracodes per gram of algae than simple forms (blade-like algae and the surfgrass Phyllospadix). Although most ostracode species were recovered from multiple kinds of algae, different algae harbored distinct assemblages that could be discriminated statistically on the basis of relative abundances of ostracode species. This segregation of the ostracode fauna according to algal species is evident even over very short spatial scales (<1 m). Finally, ostracode samples from turf-forming algae were more species rich than samples from other kinds of macroalgae. Since turf-forming algae are easily damaged by human trampling, this component of ostracode biodiversity may be particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts on the intertidal habitat.
Design and analysis of a new piezoelectric MEMS tilt sensor

This paper reports the design and preliminary analytical investigations of a new MEMS piezoelectric tilt sensor. The proposed tilt sensor consists of a Platinum supported beam with a central proof mass which causes the beam to deflect under gravitational loading. This static deflection generates intrinsic stress across the beam, which is a direct function of the dual-axis inclination of the sensor. A thin 0.2 µm layer of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZrTiO 3 -PbTiO 3 ) deposited on the top surface of the beam where the peak stress occurs, enables the conversion of the variable stress as a function of the spatial inclination to a measurable voltage. The voltage output of the PZT layer is therefore directly proportional to the inclination of the sensor around two orthogonal axes. The feasibility of this measurement approach is validated through simulation results for a dual-axis operation range of 0 – 90°. These results further demonstrate the tunable sensitivity property of the sensor as a function of its geometry.
Arius: Twice a Heretic?: Arius and the Human Soul of Jesus Christ

“Christology was an important element of the earliest Arianism.” So states Raven in the introductory chapters to his study of apollinarianism. This paper will consider the christology of the “earliest′ Arians,” in particular that of Arius himself. Christology has been defined as “the study of the Person of Christ, and in particular of the union in Him of the Divine and human natures.” In the latter “particular” sense, we shall conclude that Arius really had no developed christology. This is not to say, however, that Arius was not christologically concerned in the larger sense of the word; i.e., “the study of the Person of Christ.” It is true to say after Dorner that:We should be very greatly mistaken … if we were to suppose that the Christological labours had meanwhile been totally suspended: on the contrary, in the case of the thinkers of the Church, Christology was the perennial motive of their trinitarian efforts.
Ventral hernia following primary laparotomy for ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for ventral hernia development following primary laparotomy for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. Methods All patients who underwent primary laparotomy for ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer from 3/05 to 12/07 were identified. Hernias were identified radiographically or during physical exam. One-year and 2-year hernia rates were calculated. Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated for an association with the development of hernia using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results We identified 239 cases with 12months of follow-up. Median age was 60years (17–89years), and median body mass index (BMI) was 25.0kg/m 2 (16.9–58.5kg/m 2 ). Advanced stage disease (FIGO stage III/IV) was diagnosed in 182/239 (76%). The 1-year hernia rate was 8.8% (21/239): 13/21 (61.9%) were symptomatic, and 8/21 (38.1%) underwent hernia repair operations. On multivariate analysis, only BMI (p=0.004) and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy (p=0.016) retained their independent association with hernia development by 12months. Of the 239 patients, 167 had 24months of follow-up. The 2-year hernia rate was 23.4% (39/167): 25/39 (64.1%) were symptomatic, and 17/39 (43.6%) underwent hernia repair operations. Multivariate analysis in this group demonstrated that advanced stage (p=0.033), wound complications (p=0.029), and BMI (p=0.012) were independently associated with hernia development by 24months. Conclusions The development of ventral hernia is a significant postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing primary surgery for ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer. Independent associations with hernia development include: BMI and IP chemotherapy by Year 1, and BMI, wound complications and advanced stage by Year 2.
Phase transitions and crystalline structures in neutron star cores

Abstract The mixed phase of a fully equilibrated nuclear system that is asymmetric in isospin (i.e. in charge) will develop a geometrical structure of the rarer phase immersed in the dominant one. This happens because the isospin asymmetry energy will exploit the degree of freedom available to a system of more than one independent component (or conserved charge) by rearranging the proportion of charge to baryon number between the two equilibrium phases so as to lower the energy; that is, to effectively reduce the isospin asymmetry in the normal nuclear phase. Consequently, the two phases will have opposite charge; competition between Coulomb and surface energy will be resolved by formation of a Coulomb lattice of the rarer phase situated at sites in the dominant phase. The geometric form, size, and spacing of the phase occupying the lattice sites will depend on the pressure or density of matter. Thus, a neutron star containing a mixed phase region of whatever kind, will have a varying geometric structure of one phase embedded in the other. This is expected to effect transport properties of the star as well as to effect the glitch behavior of pulsars that contain a mixed phase region. We study in particular, the quark deconfinement and kaon condensation phase transitions as examples of this general phenomenon.
Temperature and voltage impact on intermodulation distortion of planar barium strontium titanate varactors

Measured capacitance vs. voltage data along with measured 3rd-order intermodulation distortion (IMD) data at various bias and temperatures are presented for interdigital barium strontium titanate varactors. A dip/sweet spot is observed in the 3rd-order intermodulation distortion products when plotted vs. input RF power. The dips occur at RF power levels near 20 dBm and are an important consideration for large signal applications of BST varactors. Shifts in the dip are reported as the bias voltage is varied from 0–50V. Non-linear modeling methods are also discussed.
Diffusion MR of hyperpolarized 13C molecules in solution

We combined the high MR signal enhancement achieved using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with a pulsed gradient double spin echo diffusion MR sequence to rapidly and accurately measure the diffusion coefficients of various hyperpolarized 13C molecules in solution. Furthermore, with a diffusion-weighted imaging sequence we generate diffusion coefficient maps of multiple hyperpolarized metabolites simultaneously. While hyperpolarized experiments can measure rapid, non-equilibrium processes by avoiding signal averaging, continuous signal loss due to longitudinal relaxation (T1) complicates quantitation. By correcting for this signal loss, we demonstrate the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 13C diffusion-weighted MR to accurately measure real-time (seconds) molecular transport phenomena. Potential applications include rapidly measuring molecular binding, cellular membrane transport, in vivo metabolite distribution and establishing a magnetic field independent hyperpolarized parameter.
How much hamstring graft needs to be in the femoral tunnel? A MOON cohort study

Recent evidence that smaller hamstring graft diameter is associated with increased failure risk following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has increased the popularity of graft configurations that increase graft diameter at the expense of graft length. A key question is how much graft needs to be in contact with the femoral tunnel to ensure that healing occurs. We hypothesize that no difference in two-year patient-reported outcomes or failure risk exists based on the amount of graft in the femoral tunnel. Through the use of prospectively collected cohort data augmented with retrospective chart review, 120 of 181 consecutive patients (66.3 %) undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft were evaluated. Patient and surgical factors along with pre-operative and two-year postoperative knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and whether each patient underwent revision ACL reconstruction during the two-year follow-up period were recorded. No differences in two-year patient-reported outcome scores were noted between patients with graft length in the femoral tunnel less than 25 mm and those with graft length in the femoral tunnel of at least 25 mm. Controlling for age, sex, BMI, and femoral tunnel technique, no correlation was noted between KOOS or IKDC scores and either the length of graft in the femoral tunnel or the contact area between the graft and the tunnel. Variation of the length of hamstring autograft in the femoral tunnel between 14 and 35 mm does not predict KOOS or IKDC scores at 2 years postoperative.
Traffic engineering for wireless mobile networks supporting heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, we present a practical framework that can be used as a basis for dimensioning 3G systems and beyond that support heterogeneous traffic (voice and multirate data). We start by performing multiplexing simulations as a means to capture the temporal randomness for different traffic profiles, prior to using static system simulation. We present results of system simulation scenarios that demonstrate the importance of traffic characterization in capacity improvement. We illustrate the applicability of the simulation methods proposed here through a capacity study of a UMTS system. We confirm the results of the simplest scenario analytically and use cross-validation between two independent simulation tools for the more complex scenarios.
Biomechanics of the Monopedicle Skin Flap

ObjectiveThe design and implementation of skin flaps remains a puzzle for the reconstructive surgeon. The objective of the present study is to use finite element (FE) analysis to characterize and understand the biomechanics of the monopedicle skin flap design.Study DesignThe current study uses a nonlinear hyperelastic FE model of the human skin to understand the biomechanics of monopedicle-based flap designs as geometric flap parameters are varied.SettingIn silico.Subjects and MethodsThe simulation included the displacement loading, stitching, and relaxation of various forms of the flap design. Stress and strain outcomes, previously correlated with scarring, necrosis, and blood perfusion, are reported for a basic monopedicle design as well as a number of modifications to this design.ResultsThe results suggest that the length of the monopedicle flap should not exceed 3 times the size of the defect, as the benefit in reducing principal strain (deformation) is diminished beyond this point. Further, to minimi...
Through-wafer optical communication using monolithic InGaAs-on-Si LEDs and monolithic PtSi-Si Schottky-barrier detectors

Through-wafer optical communication has been demonstrated in experiments employing two vertically stacked Si wafers, the upper one with In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As-In/sub 0.15/Al/sub 0.85/As double-heterostructure LEDs (light-emitting diodes) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on its top surface and the lower one with PtSi-Si Schottky-barrier detectors fabricated on its bottom surface. Infrared radiation emitted by the LEDs in a band peaking at 1.12 mu m, just beyond the Si absorption edge, is transmitted through the upper Si wafer, focused with a 25-mm focal-length lens, transmitted through the lower Si wafer, and detected by the Pt-Si detectors. For a single LED-detector pair, the detector signal-to-noise ratio was 10:1 for an LED drive current, of 1 mA at room temperature. The results suggest that through-wafer communication using LEDs and Schottky-barrier detectors is a promising approach for optical interconnects in stacked wafer architectures. >
Validation of spinal motion with the spine reposition sense device

Background A sagittal plane spine reposition sense device (SRSD) has been developed. Two questions were addressed with this study concerning the new SRSD: 1) whether spine movement was occurring with the methodology, and 2) where movement was taking place.
Carbon and nitrogen uptake response to light by phytoplankton during an upwelling event

The interactions between phytoplankton nutrition and the response of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) uptake to irradiance relationships were examined during September 1993 in Monterey Bay, California, an eastern boundary current upwelling regime. Measurements of N uptake and C assimilation rates versus irradiance (V:I and P:I) experiments were performed using trace-level addi- tions of l5N-labeled NO3" and NH4+, and l4C-labeled bicarbonate to water collected from a depth of -30% of surface photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). An upwelled water mass was sampled consecutively, with hydrographic stations located at the upwelling site, 48 h later down the horizontal axis of the upwelling plume, and a final time (24 h later) with waters consisting of a mixture of 5-6 day aged upwelled water and warmer surface water from outside the plume. As the water aged, a pro- gressive shift in the rates of C and N utilization occurred, with C assimilation increasing while N uptake rates decreased. At the same time, NH4+ dominated the nitrogenous nutrition in older upwelled water, even in the presence of high concentrations of ambient NO3". Dark-uptake rates for all substrates were uniformly low at all stations; NH4+ uptake demonstrated the least dependence on PPFD. The results of this study demonstrate dramatic changes in the light-mediated response of C and N uptake, resulting in assimilation ratios considerably different from predicted values assuming phytoplankton C:N uptake rates will be proportional to Redfield C:N composition. These data provide clear evidence of physiological changes in the natural planktonic assemblage of this evolving upwelling ecosystem.
Small molecule inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: from the bench to the clinic

Many patients with acute myeloid leukemia will eventually develop refractory or relapsed disease. In the absence of standard therapy for this population, there is currently an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic agents. Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors represents a new therapeutic intervention that has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia). Hence, there has been great interest in generating selective small molecule inhibitors targeting critical pathways of proliferation and survival in acute myeloid leukemia. This review highlights a selective group of intriguing therapeutic agents and their presumed targets in both preclinical models and in early human clinical trials.
THE PURIFICATION OF CATHEPSIN

1. One mg. of the purified cathepsin whose preparation is described is as active as the extract of 1.3 gm. of spleen. An eightfold further purification is possible by procedures which are still being modified and so are not described in the present paper. 2. The first step of the purification consists in suspending frozen and thawed spleen in water and letting it autolyze. 3. In the second step, ammonium sulfate is added and the suspension is acidified and warmed. Much additional autolysis takes place. The cathepsin is protected from destruction by being adsorbed to the insoluble spleen material. When this insoluble material is filtered off most of the products of autolysis remain in the filtrate. 4. The cathepsin is then released from the insoluble spleen material by making the suspension slightly alkaline. Some inert protein still remains adsorbed to the insoluble spleen material. 5. More inert protein is removed by adsorption with aluminum hydroxide formed in the cathepsin solution by the addition first of aluminum chloride and then of sodium hydroxide. Preformed aluminum hydroxide is a much less effective adsorbent. 6. The purified cathepsin is precipitated from very dilute solution with tungstic acid. Tungstic acid precipitates most proteins in the native form provided the solution is not too acid. 7. Further evidence is given that cathepsin is not a proteinase of the papain type.
Boulevard of Broken Dreams: Drug Approval for Older Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

weeks) plus supportive care or supportive care alone; almost all patients randomly assigned to the control arm (88%) received LDAC. The primary end point was overall survival. With 485 patients enrolled, the hazard ratio for death for decitabine therapy compared with that for control therapy at the time of the preplanned end point was nonsignificant (0.85; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.04; P .11), although the complete remission rate in the decitabine arm was more than double that in the control arm (16% v 7%), and the observed median overall survival time was numerically higher in the decitabine arm (7.7 v 5.0 months). Why did decitabine join the ranks of tipifarnib (Zarnestra; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ), clofarabine (Clolar; Genzyme, Cambridge, MA), and laromustine (Onrigin; Vion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT) in failing to convince an FDA panel of its favorable efficacy and safety profile in a population of older and frailer patients with AML who so clearly need additional therapies? There were, of course, factors specific to the negative decision for each of these drugs.
Evaluation of Bottom Trawls as Compared to Acoustics to Assess Adult Lake Herring (Coregonus artedi) Abundance in Lake Superior

ABSTRACT We compared density estimates from day bottom trawl tows against night midwater trawl tows and acoustic gear to test the hypothesis that adult lake herring (≥250 mm) are underestimated by day bottom trawl tows during the annual USGS spring fish community survey in Lake Superior. We found average density at nine nearshore stations was significantly higher at night (21.3 adult fish/ha) compared to day (1.0 adult fish/ha; p = 0.0119). At nine offshore stations, no lake herring were captured during the day but density averaged 39.6 adult fish/ha at night. At a lakewide scale (n = 18 stations), precision (relative standard error) was much better using night midwater trawls and acoustic gear (37%) compared to day bottom trawls (100%). Moderate sample size increases using the former methodology would likely bring precision within recommended levels (≤30%) for stock-recruit data sets. Our results suggest that 1) population abundances of adult lake herring in Lake Superior are much higher than previously ...
Nontraditional Black Male Undergraduates A Call to Action

Institutions of higher education have witnessed an influx of nontraditional Black college students generally, and males specifically. However, there is limited research that investigates the academic and social experiences of nontraditional Black males. As universities seek to improve the academic retention and graduation rates of Black males, nontraditional Black male undergraduates must be included in the discussion. This article provides a call to action for researchers and practitioners not only to begin researching nontraditional aged Black male collegians but also to focus on those men who are academically successful to inform the academic and social supports on college campuses implemented for nontraditional Black men.
Two Concepts of Liberty Valance: John Ford, Isaiah Berlin, and Tragic Choice on the Frontier

The film "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" has undergone a critical shift since its release in 1962. First regarded as one of John Ford's lesser efforts, it is now regarded as the Citizen Kane of Westerns. It is a film about the death of liberty on the American frontier - literally, the death of a villain named Liberty, but also the death of a certain type of liberty that existed before the West was settled. This paper uses Isaiah Berlin's concept of negative liberty to illuminate John Ford's ambivalence about what constituted progress in the settling of the American West.
Prostaglandin I2 mediates contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

Prostaglandin (PG) I2 elicits a biphasic concentration-response curve in rat aorta: lower concentrations elicit relaxation, whereas at higher concentrations, the relaxation is reversed. The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the nature of the receptors that mediate these effects and 2) whether the relaxant efficacy of PGI2 is decreased at higher PGI2 concentrations by PGI2-induced contraction. PGI2 (1 microM), the stable PGI2 analogue carbacyclin (1 microM), and PGE1 (3 microM) induced maximal relaxations of 55, 40, and 63%, respectively, of norepinephrine-contracted aorta, whereas higher concentrations of PGI2, carbacyclin, and PGE1 reversed the relaxation. The thromboxane (Tx) A2-PGH2 receptor antagonist, SQ-29548, abolished the reversal of the PGI2-, carbacyclin-, and PGE1-induced relaxation, and maximal relaxations to PGI2, carbacyclin, and PGE1 increased to 73, 85, and 89% of the norepinephrine contraction, respectively, with 50% effective concentrations of 0.16, 0.43, and 0.83 microM, respectively. PGE2 and PGD2 did not induce relaxation in the presence or absence of SQ-29548. PGI2 and carbacyclin displaced the TxA2-PGH2 receptor ligand 1S-[1 alpha,2 beta(5Z),3 alpha(1E,3S),4 alpha]-7-(3-[3-hydroxy-4-(p- [125I]iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl]7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5- heptenoic acid from cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells with concentrations of competing ligand that displaced 50% of the specifically bound radioligand from its binding site of 6.0 and 2.3 microM, respectively. These results suggest that 1) PGI2 induces relaxation through a PGI2-PGE1 receptor, and 2) higher concentrations of PGI2 act at the TxA2-PGH2 receptor to decrease PGI2-induced relaxation.
Mucinous epithelial tumours arising from ovarian mature teratomas: a tissue genotyping study.

Aims The association of ovarian mucinous tumours with teratomas is well documented at tissue level, suggesting that some ovarian mucinous tumours arise from teratomas. Teratomas, being of germ cell origin, are genetically distinct from somatic cells, therefore providing a molecular basis for DNA genotyping to separate teratoma-derived mucinous tumours from metastatic ones. We assessed the diagnostic utility of DNA genotyping in ovarian mucinous tumours. Methods and results Nine cases of ovarian mucinous borderline tumours and three mucinous carcinomas associated with teratomas were included, along with three mucinous tumours without associated teratoma for genotyping control. Target tissues (teratoma, mucinous tumour and paired normal tissue) were dissected microscopically, followed by genotyping at 15 short tandem repeat polymorphic loci. Of the 12 mucinous tumours with associated teratoma, tissue genotyping was informative in six cases, including four borderline tumours and two mucinous carcinomas. Homozygosity or partial homozygosity was observed in the teratomatous component in all six cases. Genotypical concordance between the teratoma and mucinous tumour was seen in five cases, including three borderline tumours and two mucinous carcinomas, suggesting clonal evolution. One mucinous borderline tumour showed an unmatched genotype with that of the corresponding teratoma, consistent with disparate tumour origins. All three mucinous tumours without teratoma displayed heterozygosity. Conclusions When associated with a teratoma, ovarian mucinous tumours may arise frequently from the coexisting teratoma. In difficult cases, DNA genotyping may be used as a diagnostic tool in separating teratoma-derived primary ovarian mucinous tumours from those of somatic origin, particularly metastatic tumours from other sites.
Three-day dietary intake of incarcerated and nonincarcerated adolescent males

We collected 3-day dietary intake information from both incarcerated (n = 137) and nonincarcerated (n = 42) adolescent males to provide an objective assessment of diets of residents of a juvenile correctional facility. Average daily intake of energy, protein, 13 indicator micronutrients and of macronutrients as percent of energy were calculated. Average intakes of the total group of adolescents (n = 179) were greater than 90% of the 1980 recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for energy, protein, and 10 micronutrients. There were no statistically significant differences between black (n = 63) and white (n = 63) incarcerated subgroups and white (n = 41) nonincarcerated subjects on average measures of energy, protein, macronutrients as percent of energy, and seven micronutrients. Cumulative intakes (as a proportion of the 1980 RDA) of nonincarcerated subjects and at least one group of incarcerated subjects were significantly different for vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, iron, sodium, and thiamin. However, avera...
Vitamin B6 and cholesterol metabolism in the chick.

Abstract CONSIDERABLE evidence has been presented during the past few years indicating that vitamin B6 is involved in various aspects of lipid metabolism, particularly in the metabolism of cholesterol and the essential fatty acids. The first indication of a possible relationship between vitamin B6 and lipid metabolism was presented by Birch and Gyorgy (1936), who observed that highly unsaturated fat alleviated cutaneous manifestations of vitamin B6 deficiency in the rat. Since then, several studies have shown that the feeding of fat ameliorates the development of vitamin B6 deficiency. Williams and Cohen (1957) demonstrated that levels of dietary cottonseed or coconut oil above 5% had no effect on the development of vitamin B6 deficiency in male weanling rats in a period of three weeks when the protein to energy ratio was constant. When the ratio was decreased, the 40 percent cottonseed oil diet permitted slightly better growth, but the difference was not …
Bioassay techniques for evaluating pesticides against Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).

Three bioassay techniques for testing pesticides against the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, and the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart), were evaluated using cypermethrin as a standard. All 3 bioassay techniques gave linear responses, and can be used for evaluation of different properties of compounds. The slide dip technique tests for contact activity, the plastic petri dish technique for residual activity on a nonporous surface, and the fabric technique for residual activity on a porous surface. The 2 species of house dust mites responded similarly to all 3 bioassays, indicating that these 2 species are equally susceptible to cypermethrin under a variety of test conditions. In further tests with the fabric technique, the composition of the fabrics used did not significantly affect the toxiciry of the compound tested.
Pharmacy Prevention and Benefit Assessment of Rice False Smut in Northwest Mountainous Areas of Jiangxi

Rice false smut is the main diseases of middle rice at heading stage in Xiushui County.The purpose of study the chemical control technology of rice false smut is provide theory and practice basis for controlling the occurring of this disease effectively,reducing disease losses,and achieving low carbon,good-quality and high-yield rice in cultivation.The results of test show that the control efficiency of rice false smut of Nativo,Armure,Folicar and Jinggangmycin were 63.60%,52.66%,60.52%,43.46%;the percentage of increase in production were13.99%,10.62%,12.38%,4.99%;the percentage of increase income were 8.45%,5.95%,8.44%,2.90%;the amount of increase income were 121.9 yuan,82.8 yuan,117.5 yuan,40.4 yuan per mu,separately.The increased yield and income were positively correlated with control efficiency,the better control effect,the greater yield and income increase.Therefore,using these agents for control rice false smut at proper time can acquire good economic benefit and environmental benefits.
A Retrospective Examination of Two Professional Society-Sponsored Fellowships for Predoctoral Microbiology Students.

At the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), fellowships are a key means of providing immersive research opportunities for the student sector. To assess the impact of ASM student activities and inform their planning, the Society commissioned a study of two long-standing initiatives in 2015, namely the ASM Undergraduate Research Fellowship (URF), established in 1993, and the ASM Robert D. Watkins Graduate Research Fellowship (Watkins) Program, established in 1980. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data about the participants’ fellowship experience, track educational and employment status, and determine program impacts from 325 individuals (223 URF and 73 Watkins fellows). Challenges presented by the study include the fact that inherent in fellowships is the provision of financial support that affords participants opportunities that might otherwise be unavailable to them. As a result, participant feelings of indebtedness to the Society may have introduced biased study responses. In addition, some respondents were asked to reflect on experiences from 20 to 30 years ago—a lapse in time that may have challenged their memories. Based on measures such as enrollment in or completion of advanced degree programs, employment in science, and publication and presentation history, project participants show evidence of accomplishment. Participants also reported gains in affective behaviors such as confidence and belonging.
Case-control Study of the Effect of Drinking Green Tea on Incidence of Stomach Cancer in Residents in Dafeng City,Jiangsu Province

[Purpose]To study the effect of drinking green tea on the incidence of gastric cancer.[Methods]A population based study was conducted in Dafeng,Jiangsu province,including 641 cases with stomach cancer and 1 847 normal controls.The role of green tea consumption on stomach cancer was investigated.Interaction between green tea drinking and potential risk factors of stomach cancer was also investigated.[Results]Inverse association was observed between green tea drinking and stomach cancer risk(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.35～0.58).After adjusting for potential confounding factors,OR of green tea drinking was 0.42(95%CI:0.32～0.55)for stomach cancer.Protective effect of green tea drinking on gastric cancer was increasing with the increasing of drinking duration,concentration and quantity of green tea drinking,with dose-effect relationship.Certain interaction was observed between green tea and other risk factors of stomach cancer.[Conclusion]Green tea drinking might be a protective factor on the risk of stomach cancer.
Study on the relationship between family factors and psychological behavior in children with idiopathic epilepsy

Objective To investigate the psychological behavior and related family factors in children with idiopathic epilepsy,and to explore the association between psychological behavior and related family factors. Methods A total of 35 epilepsy children and 35 health control children were included and evaluated with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-rating depression scale(SDS),Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV)and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran(EMBU).Moreover,the associations between psychological behavior and family factors were analyzed. Results A significant higher ratio of abnormal behavior was found in children with epilepsy than health control(P0.01).A significant increasing of parental anxiety and depression(P0.05),decreased degree of intimacy,expressed emotion and entertainment,and increased family conflict and control were found in children with epilepsy.Moreover,parental rearing pattern showed that emotional warmth score was significantly lower in epilepsy children than health children(P0.05).The correlation analysis showed that a positive association was found between parental depression score and total psychological behavior scores in children with epilepsy(r=0.36,P0.05). ConclusionA significant higher risk of abnormal psychological behavior could be found in children with epilepsy,and the family factor could be one of the incentives.
Stress gastritis revisited.

A general impression exists that the incidence of stress gastritis has declined in critically ill patients because of improvements in supportive care for the underlying disease as well as routine use of prophylaxis. The authors review the pathophysiology of stress gastritis, examine the current incidence of the disease, and compare different modes of prophylactic therapy.
Nano-Scale Characterization of Organic-Rich Shale via Indentation Methods

Gas shale or organic-rich shale is a porous multi-scale material that consists essentially of clay, silt inclusions, air voids, and kerogen, which is gaseous organic matter. Assessing the mechanical behavior of gas shale across several length scales is a challenging task due to the complex nature of the material. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to introduce a novel framework based on nano-mechanics to characterize the elastic and plastic properties of gas shale using advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), statistical nano-indentation, and micromechanical modeling. An indentation consists in pressing a diamond stylus against a soft material and measuring both the Young’s modulus and hardness from the force and penetration depth measurements. Meanwhile, the grid indentation technique consists in carrying out a large array of indentation tests and applying statistical analysis so as to represent the overall behavior as the convolute response of several individual mechanical phases. The specimens analyzed in this study were extracted from major gas shale plays in the USA—Antrim shale from the Michigan Basin in Michigan State and Barnett shale from the Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin in Texas—and in France—Toarcian shale from the Paris Basin. SEM reveals a heterogeneous granular microstructure with the grain size ranging from 30 to 100 μm; meanwhile, statistical indentation enables to identify the basic micro-constituents. Finally, micromechanics theory makes it possible to bridge the nanometer and macroscopic length scales. The field of applications is vast including major energy-related schemes such as hydrocarbon recovery for oil and gas wells, carbon dioxide geological sequestration, or nuclear waste store in depleted wells.
Soviet Dungan: The Chinese Language of Central Asia

(1967). Soviet Dungan: The Chinese Language of Central Asia. Monumenta Serica: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 352-421.
Home is where our journey begins - 2 years' impact of an orthopaedic early supportive discharge (OSD) team in our hip fracture service.

Patients with a fractured neck of femur (NOF) spend a significant amount of time in hospitals, recuperating after the acute event and undergoing rehabilitation. This model of care consumes a lot of resources, increases the risk of institutionalisation and may lead to hospital-related harm. NICE
Abstract 2633: Coated-Platelet Levels are Elevated in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis Patients and Associated with Stroke Recurrence

Background: Coated-platelets are a subset of platelets with high procoagulant potential observed upon dual agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin. Coated-platelet levels, expressed as percentages of the total platelet population, are elevated in patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke and decreased in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage compared to controls. Because of these findings, we investigated whether coated-platelets are elevated in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis compared to controls and if there is an association between coated-platelet levels and stroke recurrence among subjects with carotid stenosis. Methods: Coated-platelet levels were determined in 40 consecutive patients with acute stroke due to ipsilateral high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis and 60 gender-frequency-matched controls without history of stroke. The neurologist establishing the diagnosis was unaware of the patient9s coated-platelet levels, and the individuals performing the coated-platelet assay were not aware of the clinical diagnosis. Stroke recurrence data were obtained through stroke clinic visits or telephone interviews performed at 1month following the initial infarct. The distribution of baseline characteristics was compared between patients and controls using either a t-test for continuous measures or a Chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact test) for categorical measures. Linear regression models were fit to explore the association between carotid stenosis status and coated-platelet levels with and without adjustment for confounding factors. Percentages of subjects who developed a recurrent stroke at one month were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Coated-platelet levels (mean±SD) were significantly higher in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis compared to controls (41.3±15.5% vs. 30.1±13.4%, p=0.0002). The estimated difference remained significant after adjustment for demographics, medication use and co-morbidities (p=0.0003). Among the 40 carotid stenosis patients, the cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke at 1 month was 18% (95% CI:9-34%, 7 recurrences). Patients were then analyzed according to quartiles of coated-platelet levels (split at ≤32%, 32.1-42.4%, 42.5-51%, >51%). The 1-month stroke recurrence percentages differed significantly between the coated-platelet quartiles (p=0.041), with 50% recurrence percentage (n=5) among patients in the highest quartile compared to 10% among those in the first (n=1) and third (n=1) quartiles and 0% among those in the second quartile. Conclusions: Coated-platelet levels are higher in patients with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis compared to controls and are associated with early stroke recurrence in this patient population. Additional study of coated-platelets in carotid stenosis is warranted.
Beyond points and beams: higher-dimensional photon samples for volumetric light transport

We develop a theory of volumetric density estimation which generalizes prior photon point (0D) and beam (1D) approaches to a broader class of estimators using "nD" samples along photon and/or camera subpaths. Volumetric photon mapping performs density estimation by point sampling propagation distances within the medium and performing density estimation over the generated points (0D). Beam-based (1D) approaches consider the expected value of this distance sampling process along the last camera and/or light subpath segments. Our theory shows how to replace propagation distance sampling steps across multiple bounces to form higher-dimensional samples such as photon planes (2D), photon volumes (3D), their camera path equivalents, and beyond. We perform a theoretical error analysis which reveals that in scenarios where beams already outperform points, each additional dimension of nD samples compounds these benefits further. Moreover, each additional sample dimension reduces the required dimensionality of the blurring needed for density estimation, allowing us to formulate, for the first time, fully unbiased forms of volumetric photon mapping. We demonstrate practical implementations of several of the new estimators our theory predicts, including both biased and unbiased variants, and show that they outperform state-of-the-art beam-based volumetric photon mapping by a factor of 2.4--40×.
In vivo and in vitro sex differences in the dendritic morphology of developing murine hippocampal and cortical neurons

Altered dendritic morphology is common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), many of which show sex biases in prevalence, onset and/or severity. However, whether dendritic morphology varies as a function of sex in juvenile mice or primary neuronal cell cultures is largely unknown even though both are widely used models for studying NDDs. To address this gap, we quantified dendritic morphology in CA1 pyramidal hippocampal and adjacent somatosensory pyramidal cortical neurons from male and female postnatal day (P)28 C57BL/6J mice. As determined by Sholl analysis of Golgi-stained brain sections, dendritic arbors of male hippocampal neurons are more complex than females. Conversely, dendritic morphology of female cortical neurons is more complex than males. In primary neuron-glia co-cultures from P0 mouse hippocampi, male neurons have more complex dendritic arbors than female neurons. Sex differences are less pronounced in cortical cultures. In vitro sex differences in dendritic morphology are driven in part by estrogen-dependent mechanisms, as evidenced by decreased dendritic complexity in male hippocampal neurons cultured in phenol red-free media or in the presence of an estrogen receptor antagonist. Evidence that sex influences dendritic morphogenesis in two models of neurodevelopment in a region-specific manner has significant mechanistic implications regarding sex biases in NDDs.