cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Duplex Ultrasonography in Penetrating Neck Trauma

Objective: To compare intraoperative findings and/or angiography with color-flow duplex scan. Design: This prospective double-blind study was performed on all stable patients with zone 1, 2, or 3 penetrating neck trauma. Results of angiographic or intraoperative findings were compared with the results of duplex ultrasonographic scans. Main Outcome Measures: Fifty-five patients were studied over a 2-year period in which the distribution of injuries included 23 stab wounds (42%), 30 gunshot wounds (54%), and 2 motor vehicular lacerations (4%). There were 42 patients (76%) with normal ultrasonographic results and 13 patients (24%) with abnormal ultrasonographic results. The true-negative rate was 100%; however, there were 2 false positives resulting in 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity. Conclusions: Duplex ultrasonography provides an excellent diagnostic modality with cost-saving, patient-friendly characteristics and a low rate of morbidity. It should be instituted as the primary diagnostic procedure of choice for penetrating neck trauma. Arch Surg. 1996;131:691-693
GalateaÃ¢â¬â?An Interactive Computer Graphics System For Movie And Video Analysis

Extracting quantitative information from movie film and video recordings has always been a difficult process. The Galatea motion analysis system represents an application of some powerful interactive computer graphics capabilities to this problem. A minicomputer is interfaced to a stop-motion projector, a data tablet, and real-time display equipment. An analyst views a film and uses the data tablet to track a moving position of interest. Simultaneously, a moving point is displayed in an animated computer graphics image that is synchronized with the film as it runs. Using a projection CRT and a series of mirrors, this image is superimposed on the film image on a large front screen. Thus, the graphics point lies on top of the point of interest in the film and moves with it at cine rates. All previously entered points can be displayed simultaneously in this way, which is extremely useful in checking the accuracy of the entries and in avoiding omission and duplication of points. Furthermore, the moving points can be connected into moving stick figures, so that such representations can be transcribed directly from film. There are many other tools in the system for entering outlines, measuring time intervals, and the like. The system is equivalent to "dynamic tracing paper" because it is used as though it were tracing paper that can keep up with running movie film. We have applied this system to a variety of problems in cell biology, cardiology, biomechanics, and anatomy. We have also extended the system using photogrammetric techniques to support entry of three-dimensional moving points from two (or more) films taken simultaneously from different perspective views. We are also presently constructing a second, lower-cost, microcomputer-based system for motion analysis in video, using digital graphics and video mixing to achieve the graphics overlay for any composite video source image.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effects of forced-egg retention on the blood-feeding behavior and reproductive potential of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).

Abstract High rates of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission to humans are associated with exceptionally hot and dry summers. This is paradoxical since the eggs of Culex vectors of WNV depend on the persistence of containers with water, which decline during droughts. We examined the effects of forced-egg retention on the reproductive success of female Culex pipiens as well as behavioral responses, such as likelihood of secondary blood meals. As controls we examined the effects of female age and delayed mating. We found that early mating is essential to achieve reproductive success and, consistent with an “all-or-none” ovipositing strategy, C. pipiens females are able to retain considerable reproductive potential while searching for oviposition sites. Specifically, although forced-egg retention resulted in significant decreases in fitness, the decline was moderate for 5 weeks and most can be accounted for by increases in female age. Consequently, no females took blood more than once per gonotrophic cycle, which eliminates the possibility that heightened vectorial capacity due to multiple blood-feedings increases WNV transmission during periods of drought. Instead, our findings suggest that during droughts populations of C. pipiens have time to locate the remaining water holes, which are associated with human populations and WNV-competent bird species.
Fermentative production of short-chain fatty acids in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli was engineered for the production of even- and odd-chain fatty acids (FAs) by fermentation. Co-production of thiolase, hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase and trans-enoyl-CoA reductase from a synthetic operon allowed the production of butyrate, hexanoate and octanoate. Elimination of native fermentation pathways by genetic deletion (ΔldhA, ΔadhE, ΔackA, Δpta, ΔfrdC) helped eliminate undesired by-products and increase product yields. Initial butyrate production rates were high (0.7 g l−1 h−1) but quickly levelled off and further study suggested this was due to product toxicity and/or acidification of the growth medium. Results also showed that endogenous thioesterases significantly influenced product formation. In particular, deletion of the yciA thioesterase gene substantially increased hexanoate production while decreasing the production of butyrate. E. coli was also engineered to co-produce enzymes for even-chain FA production (described above) together with a coenzyme B12-dependent pathway for the production of propionyl-CoA, which allowed the production of odd-chain FAs (pentanoate and heptanoate). The B12-dependent pathway used here has the potential to allow the production of odd-chain FAs from a single growth substrate (glucose) in a more energy-efficient manner than the prior methods.
External magnetic field effects on the excited states of iridium(I) and rhodium(I) complexes

Abstract Luminescences and excited state lifetimes have been measured for four Ir(I) and Rh(I) complexes at 4 K as a function of magnetic field strength. Induced spectra exhibit a B2 dependence while the lifetimes are a function of B−2.
Estimating human exposures to environmental pollutants: availability and utility of existing databases.

Information about human exposures to environmental agents is a crucial component of informed decisions about protection of public health. Results from an inventory of exposure-related databases are used to examine the value of exposure information for risk assessment, risk management, surveillance of status and trends, and epidemiologic studies. Findings indicate that current and future exposure-related databases should include (1) standardized procedures for the collection, storage, analysis, and reporting of data; (2) an enhanced ability to compare data over time, i.e., conduct comparison studies of "old" and "new" methods; (3) mechanisms for coordination and cooperation among public and private-sector organizations with respect to the design, maintenance, exchange, and review of information systems; (4) measurements of actual exposures and dose for relevant human populations; and (5) data collection, storage, and retrieval methods that permit easy manipulation of information for both model building and testing.
Nucleosomal promoter variation generates gene expression noise

Gene product molecule numbers fluctuate over time and between cells, confounding deterministic expectations. The molecular origins of this noise of gene expression remain unknown. Recent EM analysis of single PHO5 gene molecules of yeast indicated that promoter molecules stochastically assume alternative nucleosome configurations at steady state, including the fully nucleosomal and nucleosome-free configuration. Given that distinct configurations are unequally conducive to transcription, the nucleosomal variation of promoter molecules may constitute a source of gene expression noise. This notion, however, implies an untested conjecture, namely that the nucleosomal variation arises de novo or intrinsically (i.e., that it cannot be explained as the result of the promoter's deterministic response to variation in its molecular surroundings). Here, we show--by microscopically analyzing the nucleosome configurations of two juxtaposed physically linked PHO5 promoter copies--that the configurational variation, indeed, is intrinsically stochastic and thus, a cause of gene expression noise rather than its effect.
Inorganic Nanoparticles as Protein Mimics

Water-soluble inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and globular proteins (GPs) might seem “as different as chalk and cheese,” especially in the interior. The chemical structure of GPs is usually exact and well-defined, whereas NPs are almost always formed as a mixture of sizes and variation of shapes. The complexity and dynamism of three-dimensional atomic organization inside the protein globules and related functionalities are not present in the impenetrable crystalline cores of NPs. However, NPs and GPs do reveal similarities in overall size, charge, and shape, and the exterior surfaces of NPs can be coated with organic functional groups similar to those exposed by GPs, which suggest that NPs could function as protein mimics. This option is attractive because NPs are usually cheaper and more stable than proteins, but can they actually display the same functionalities and achieve enough specificity to replace proteins?
Iron status and reproduction in US women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006.

Women experience significant changes in iron status throughout their reproductive lifespans. While this is evident in regions with high rates of malnutrition and infectious disease, the extent of reproductive-related changes is less well known in countries with low rates of iron deficiency anemia, such as the United States. The goal of this study is determine the relationship between women's reproductive variables (pregnancy, parity, currently breastfeeding, regular menstruation, hormonal contraceptive use, and age at menarche) and iron status (hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, and % transferrin saturation) using an anthropological framework for interpreting the results. Data from women aged 18–49 were taken from the 1999–2006 US NHANES, a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of US women. Using multiple imputation and complex survey statistics, women's reproductive variables were regressed against indicators of iron status. Pregnant women had significantly poorer iron status, by most indicators, than non-pregnant women. All biomarkers demonstrated significantly lower iron levels with increasing parity. Women who were having regular periods had iron indicators that suggested decreased iron levels, while women who used hormonal contraceptives had iron indicators that suggested increased iron levels. Despite relatively good iron status and widespread availability of iron-rich foods in the US, women still exhibit patterns of iron depletion across several reproductive variables of interest. These results contribute to an ecological approach to iron status that seeks to understand variation in iron status, with the hopes that appropriate, population-specific recommendations can be developed to improve women's health.
On a conjecture on the degree of approximation of Fourier series

Conjecture. Let m be an arbitrary positive integer. If f (x) has ruth derivative f (") (x) on [- ~t, ~], and the Fourier series off (') (x) converges, then the degree of approximation of the Fourier series off (x) to f (x) is equal to z~(l/n'). It has been proved in [2] that the conjecture is true for even positive integer m. In this note, we prove that the conjecture is true for arbitrary positive integer m if the Fourier series of f(') (x) converges uniformly on [- ~, ~]. Theorem. Let m be an arbitrary positive integer. If f (x) has mth derivative f(m)(x) on [- n, 7r], and the Fourier series of f("~)(x) converges uniformly on [- ~, ~], then the degree of approximation of the Fourier series of f (x) to f (x) is uniformly equal to ~(1/n'). P r o o f. We need only prove that the theorem is true for m = 1. For arbitrary m, the theorem can be obtained by induction.
Religious Market Share and Mormon Church Activity

A theory of relihous activity based on principles of supplySside economics has generated cansiderable controversy in the sociology of relig;ion. This theory posits that religious pluralism increases rates of teligious activity by promoting competition between churches. This paper tests "supplySside theory" with data describing US MoFmons. Results uncover pattems in Momwn church activity that refute the theory. The paper outlines several charactenstics of Momlonism that explain its deviance frorn the theorized outcome, and suggests a scope conditionfor supply-side theory. Secularization theses assert that churches are most robust in places where they enjoy a religious monopolyX In such places, church authority is uncontested, and hence levels of religious activity are presumed high. Secularization theses further assert that religious pluralism weakens religious activity, since competing claims to exclusive truth undermine church authority (see Berger 1967). However, a growing literature in the sociology of religion questions the validity of these assertions. Specifically, critics point to persistent, vigorous religious activity in the United States as evidence against secularization (Warner 1993). Based on this discrepancy, some scholars promote a model of religious activity using principles of supply-side economics. This "supply-side theory>' reverses the logic of secularization, holding that it is religious pluralism not monopoly that generates religious activity (Stark and lannaccone 1994). This is a departure from bedrock assumptions in the sociology of religion, and considerable debate surrounds the theory (Yamane 1997; lannaccone 1995a, 1995b; Chaves 1995; Demarath 1995). This paper outlines supply-side theory and tests its claims with data describing US Mormons. The ramification of Mormon church activity for supply-side theory is widely acknowledged (see Finke 1997: 57; Wamer 1993:
Solutions of the steady, one-speed neutron transport equation for small mean free paths

The solution of the steady, one‐speed neutron transport equation with isotropic scattering and small mean free path is obtained. The solution is asymptotic with respect to a small parameter e, defined as the mean free path in terms of a unit length of the same order of magnitude as a typical dimension of the domain. The solution, the leading two terms of which are given, consists of a boundary layer solution plus an interior solution. The boundary layer solution decays exponentially with distance from the boundary, the decay rate being proportional to e−1, and it shows the effects of boundary curvature and variations in the incoming flux along the boundary. The interior solution is a multiple of the source for subcritical domains, and depends on a diffusion equation for near critical domains. The boundary condition for the diffusion equation and an asymptotic criticality condition are derived.
Abstract A62: Imaging the tumor micro-environment to monitor ovarian cancer metastasis

The inability to successfully treat women with ovarian cancer is due in large part to the advanced stage of disease at diagnosis, the development of platinum resistance, and the lack of sensitive methods to monitor tumor progression and response to treatment. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on the mesothelium of ovarian cancer patients. We investigated VCAM-1 expression as a marker of peritoneal metastasis and tumor response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining of peritoneal or omental biopsies obtained from women diagnosed with Stage I, Stage II or Stage III/IV ovarian cancer demonstrated that VCAM-1 expression correlated with tumor stage. All specimens from Stage I patients were negative, while 29% of Stage II patients and the 73% of Stage III/IV patients were positive. While the majority of women with advanced stage disease expressed VCAM-1, the incidence of expression was reduced among women who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting a role for chemotherapy in regulating VCAM-1 expression. The effects of carboplatin on mesothelial VCAM-1 expression were determined in a mouse model of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis using radiolabeled VCAM-1-specific peptide imaging probes and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This approach showed that 1) VCAM-1 is a viable imaging target in ovarian cancer metastasis, 2) maximal expression was detected with microscopic tumor burden, and 3) VCAM-1 expression reflected the effect of platinum-based treatment on tumor burden. Specifically, carboplatin treatment of mice with platinum-sensitive tumors showed reduced VCAM-1 expression, which correlated with reduced tumor burden; mice with platinum-resistant tumors retained elevated VCAM-1 expression and tumor burden following treatment. These observations support testing the utility of VCAM-1 imaging probes to monitor treatment response in ovarian cancer patients, thus providing the potential to improve management of women with this disease. Citation Format: Jill K. Slack-Davis, Jennifer M. Scalici, Stephanie Thomas, Christine Harrer, Timothy A. Raines, Joanna Curran, Kristen A. Atkins, Mark R. Conaway, Linda Duska, Kimberly A. Kelly. Imaging the tumor micro-environment to monitor ovarian cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A62.
Paradox, Repetition, Revenge

I argue for an account of semantic paradox that requires minimal logical revision. I first consider a phenomenon that is common to the paradoxes of definability, Russell’s paradox and the Liar. The phenomenon—which I call Repetition—is this: given a paradoxical expression, we can go on to produce a semantically unproblematic expression composed of the very same words. I argue that Kripke’s and Field’s theories of truth make heavy weather of Repetition, and suggest a simpler contextual account. I go on to outline a ‘singularity’ theory of semantical predicates in the spirit of remarks of Godel. According to this theory, ‘denotes’, ‘extension’ and ‘true’ are context-sensitive expression that apply almost everywhere on a given occasion of use, except for certain singular points. I then turn to revenge paradoxes, and argue that even the dialetheist is subject to revenge. I then examine how the singularity theory responds to revenge.
The “Web Street Journal,” or Internet Applications for the Basic Investments Class

Abstract The advent of easy-to-use MicroSoft Windows-based Internet Web browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape Navigator has brought (literally) a world of investment information as close as the click of a mouse button. In addition to presenting a brief introduction to the Internet and Web browsers, this article introduces the reader to some of the investment-related resources that are available to Internet surfers.
Purification and properties of rabbit liver estrone and p-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases

Abstract Estrone and p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases from rabbit liver microsomes have been separated and purified to homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine Sepharose-4B. Both enzyme preparations exhibited subunit molecular weights of 57,000. Estrone and p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases appear to exist as tetramers with an apparent molecular weight of 230,000 as determined by gel chromatography. Estrone UDP-glucuronyltransferase was completely inactive unless assayed in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. In the absence of phospholipid, considerable p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase enzyme activity could be detected; however, a fourfold increase in specific activity occurred in the presence of phospholipid. Estrone UDP-glucuronyltransferase could not catalyze the glucuronidation of p -nitrophenol, whereas the p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase displayed slight activity toward estrone. Characterization of these enzymes revealed that estrone and p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases are clearly different proteins. Both enzymes demonstrated charge heterogeneity on polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing, with estrone and p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferases exhibiting isoelectric points of 7.6 and 6.8, respectively. Amino acid analysis of the purified enzymes demonstrated that estrone UDP-glucuronyltransferase contained 60% hydrophobic amino acids while p -nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase contained 53% hydrophobic amino acids. Limited proteolysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in clear differences in the peptide map composition of the respective transferase. Also, each enzyme exhibited a different pH optima for the expression of maximal catalytic activity.
The influence of soil oxygen deficiency on alcohol dehydrogenase activity, root porosity, ethylene production and photosynthesis in Spartina patens

Abstract Laboratory experiments evaluated root-shoot responses of Spartina patens (Ait) Muhl. to changes in soil redox potential (Eh). Three levels of soil redox potential, +460, +230 and −110 mV were imposed in microcosms where plants were grown. Leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange, root aerenchyma formation, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in the roots and ethylene production of leaf and roots in response to the redox treatments were measured. Root responses to hypoxia included a significantly increased porosity and greater ADH activity in hypoxic roots as compared to roots of control (aerated) plants. Ethylene production was significantly greater in leaves and roots of plants under hypoxic treatment compared to control plants. Leaf chlorophyll content was not affected by the treatments; however, stomatal conductance and net carbon assimilation were reduced significantly in response to hypoxia, by 46 and 18%, respectively. Results show a close relationship between root hypoxia, increase in ADH activity, ethylene production and aerenchyma tissue development in S. patens. The enhanced ADH activity and ethylene production found in plants subjected to hypoxia support the postulate that these metabolites have adaptive significance for plants under hypoxic conditions.
RESIST PROCESSES FOR ArF EXCIMER LASER LITHOGRAPHY

A review of recent efforts to develop photoresist materials and processes for 193-nm (ArF excimer laser) photolithography is reported. Three categories of resist processes are discussed: (1) single-layer resists based on acrylate polymers, (2) silicon-polymer bilayer resists, and (3) surface-imaged positive-tone silylation resist processes. To date, materials have been developed for each process which exhibit resolution to better than 0.20μm with sensitivities less than 50mJ/cm2.
Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution.

Abstract The cardiac output was determined by the thermal dilution technique in dogs and calves, and the results were compared with the simultaneously determined electromagnetic flowmeter measurements of aortic flow. For these measurements the indicator, saline solution at room temperature, was injected into the superior vena cava, and the sensing thermistor catheter was placed in the main pulmonary artery. A simple analog computer solved a modified Stewart-Hamilton equation and displayed the calculated cardiac output on a digital readout meter. One hundred twenty simultaneous measurements were made in dogs and 76 determinations in calves. The standard error of estimate, when compared to electromagnetic flowmeter determinations, was approximately 10 percent of mean cardiac output (450 ml/min in dogs and 750 ml/min in calves). Since the measurement of aortic flow by the electromagnetic flowmeter does not include coronary flow, this discrepancy is to be expected. The reproducibility of the method was assessed by evaluating successive pairs of thermal curves recorded within 1 minute. The standard deviation of the difference between successive determinations was approximately 3.5 percent. Initial trials in 8 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and in 14 patients in the operating room and intensive care unit have shown the method to be highly useful and practical.
Decomposition of sulphur hexafluoride in flames by reaction with hydrogen atoms

Abstract A little SF 6 was added to low pressure flames of H 2  O 2  Ar , C 2 H 2  O 2  Ar , or H 2  N 2 O  Ar , and its rate of reaction and the concentrations of hydrogen atoms estimated by probing the reaction zones. The measurements are consistent with a decomposition controlled by the process H+SF 6 → k HF+SF 5 k=2×10 15 e−()30±5) kcal/RT cm 3 mole−1 sec−1 The subsequent reactions are unknown. On the grounds that SF 6 inhibits the fuel-rich H 2 -air flame, it is suggested that the subsequent steps do not regenerate the hydrogen atom which is consumed in the initial step.
Deposition of boron carbide thin film by supersonic plasma jet CVD with secondary discharge

Boron carbide thin films have been deposited on Si(100) using supersonic plasma jet chemical vapor deposition from boron trichloride and methane. Vickers hardnesses have been measured around 30 GPa and have been found to be dependent on the substrate temperature and the deposition rate. Growth rates as high as 80 μm/h have been achieved and their dependence on substrate temperature is shown. The films are composed solely of pure boron carbide and are not contaminated with chlorine or hydrogen, as found by FTIR and XPS analysis. Micro X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the films were microcrystalline. The influence of a positive bias on the growth rate and composition of boron carbide has also been investigated. We have found that the minimum temperature at which films can be grown could be lowered from 550 to 500°C and that the growth rate was significantly enhanced at any substrate temperature.
Efficacy and Mechanisms of α-Solasonine-and α-Solamargine-Induced Cytolysis on Two Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi

Two genetically diverse strains of Trypanosoma cruzi were tested in vitro for susceptibility to the solanum-derived triglycoside alkaloids solasonine and solamargine. Cytolytic assays were performed on epimastigotes (EMs) and bloodstream form trypomastigotes (BSFs) lifecycle stages by using serial dilutions of each alkaloid. Each alkaloid effectively lysed both lifecycle stages, although solasonine routinely required higher concentrations to induce similar results. EMs demonstrated greater resistance to cytolysis than BSFs at equal concentrations of either alkaloid. No significant resistance could be correlated to parasite strain. The reported synergistic cytolytic effects observed upon compounding solasonine and solamargine together were also tested. We failed to identify any cytolytic synergism in cultures of EMs or BSFs. The role of rhamnose-binding proteins (RBPs) in mediating cytolysis was investigated through competitive inhibition experiments. The addition of exogenous l-rhamnose to the media failed to reduce parasite attrition independent of the parasite lifecycle stage. Based on these results, we suggest the mechanisms involved in cytolysis of T. cruzi by solasonine and solamargine are largely independent of rhamnose receptor-specific interactions. We propose that attrition likely involves less-specific carbohydrate interactions, which lead to the formation and intercalation of sterol complexes into the parasite plasma membrane.
The inhibition of cholinesterase by diethyl phosphorochloridate.

Abstract A method is described which enables the measurement of the rate constant for the inhibition of enzymes by covalent inhibitors that hydrolyze rapidly. The method(s) also yields the rate constant for the hydrolysis of the inhibitor. It was found that diethyl phosphorochloridate, depending on the buffer composition, hydrolyzes with a first-order rate constant of 1.0 min−1 in phosphate buffer ( I = 0.1 ) at pH 7.0 and 25 °C and inhibits acetylcholinesterase (eel) (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) with a second-order rate constant of 1.5·106 M−1·min−1. Cholinesterase from bovine erythrocytes and horse serum were also studied. In any case, the phosphorochloridate was not found to be much more potent as an inhibitor than the corresponding phosphorofluoridate, even though the rate of hydrolysis of the latter is 2000 times slower.
Inguinal hernia in infants with very low birth weight.

Inguinal hernias (IH) are among the most commonly encountered surgical problems in infants with very low birth weight (VLBW,
Depression and the wish to be held.

The relation between aspects of depression and the wish to be held was studied in 72 male and 57 female college students. Females reported higher levels of depressive experiences associated with issues of dependency as well as more intense wishes to be held. In both sexes the intensity of the wish to be held was related to dependency; however, it was the correlations of these variables with level of depression that revealed differences between males and females. In males, the wish to be held covaried positively with the overall level of depression, whereas in females it remained invariant across levels of depression. Thus, males who describe themselves as more depressed, relative to other males, expressed more feelings associated with dependency and more intense wishes to be held.
The role of trust in buyer–seller conflict management

Abstract The present study merges work in the interpersonal relationship and buyer–seller literature to address how trust interacts with attributions to impact the effect of partner communication on conflict resolution perceptions in buyer–seller relationships. Understanding the processes underlying conflict resolution is important given that conflict is inherent in relational exchange and that conflict resolution is related to investments, satisfaction, and commitment. Results of the present research suggest that partner use of editing in communication (the ability to self-censor overreaction to negative behavior) influences conflict resolution efficacy of response through the process of responsibility attribution. Further, the combined influence of attribution of partner blame and trust is important in understanding conflict resolution efficacy of response.
Acquired flaccid larynx. A case report supporting the neurologic theory of laryngomalacia.

• Congenital flaccid larynx, also known as laryngomalacia, is a common clinical entity accounting for approximately 60% of laryngeal problems in the newborn. It is a benign and relatively asymptomatic condition that patients often outgrow by 12 to 18 months of age. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain laryngomalacia including cartilage immaturity and poor neuromuscular control secondary to hypomaturity or dysfunction. This entity has only recently been described as an acquired disorder. A case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with basilar artery thrombosis and a midpontine infarction is described. Inability to extubate despite spontaneous respirations prompted flexible laryngoscopy, which revealed complete supraglottic collapse with airway obstruction. The patient was successfully treated with an epiglottoplasty. This case supports the neuromuscular dysfunction theory as a cause of laryngomalacia. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.1992;118:654-657)
Fulminant Hepatic Failure after Ingestion of Sustained-Release Nicotinic Acid

Excerpt Nicotinic acid is an effective, widely used treatment for hypercholesterolemia (1). Hepatotoxicity is a rare complication of therapy, which usually occurs with ingestion of more than 3 g da...
Determination of Bisphenol A Migrating from Epoxy Can Coatings to Infant Formula Liquid Concentrates

Migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from epoxy-coated can surfaces to infant formula concentrates is reported. Levels of BPA in the undiluted concentrates surveyed in this study range from 0.1 to 13 parts per billion (ppb) as determined by solid phase extraction/high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmation by gas chromatography with mass selective detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with 30° specular reflectance/transmittance was used to screen formula cans for epoxy coatings. Keywords: Bisphenol A; epoxy; can coating; migration; infant formula
Disease-Suppressive Vermicompost Induces a Shift in Germination Mode of Pythium aphanidermatum Zoosporangia.

Abstract Compost amendments to soils can minimize losses from soilborne plant pathogens, yet the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been well elucidated. In the present study, developmental responses of Pythium aphanidermatum zoosporangia to vermicomposts were observed to better understand how suppression of Pythium seedling disease is expressed. Mature zoosporangia were exposed to vermicompost extracts (VCEs) and monitored using time-lapse photomicroscopy. Sterile and nonsterile VCEs inhibited indirect germination and viable zoospore production whereas zoosporangia germinated directly in VCE to produce germ tubes. Additional treatments were tested to determine factors that promote direct over indirect germination. The pH (5 to 9 at 0.001 M) and ionic strength (0.1 to 0.0001 at pH 6) of potassium phosphate buffer did not alter zoosporogenesis compared with sterile water. Decreasing osmotic potentials in glucose and sucrose from –248 to –2,712 kPa or in polyethylene glycol 8000 from –0.335 to –105 kP...
A clinical study of anti-NDP in the sera of patients in a large repetitive hemodialysis program

A clinical study of anti-N DP in the sera of patients in a large repetitive hemodialysis program. Anti-N DP has been detected in the sera of 38 of 430 patients on regular hemodialysis at the Regional Kidney Disease Program in Minneapolis. It developed in these patients from 7 to 58 months after commencement of dialysis. Bacterial infection appeared temporally related to the development of anti-N DP in 12 patients. Hemolytic episodes, possibly related to anti-N DP , occurred in 11. Fifty-five percent of the patients never reused dialyzers. The antibody preceded the insertion of a bovine graft in seven. We postulate that anti-N DP is recognizing an anti genic site similar to that recognized by Vicia graminea lectin, and that this site might become immunogenic by alteration of M and N antigens on red blood cell surfaces. Though formaldehyde might be involved in this alteration, dialysis membrane reuse does not seem to be required for the formation of anti-N DP . Etude clinique de l'anti-N DP dans serum de malades dans le cadre d'un programme de'hemodialyse. L'anti - N DP a ete detecte dans le serum de 38 parmi 430 malades en hemodialyse periodique au Regional Kidney Disease Program a Minneapolis. Il est apparu chez ces malades de 7 a 58 mois apres le debut de l'hemodialyse. Des infections bacteriennes paraissent liees daus le temps au developpement de l'anti - N DP chez 12 malades. Des crises hemolytiques, peut-etre liees a l'anti-N DP , sont survenues chez 11 malades. 55% des malades n'ont jamais reutilise les dialyseurs. L'apparition de l'anticorps a precede la mise en place d'un greffon bovin chez 7 malades. Nons supposons que l'anti-N DP reconnait un site antigenique similaire a celui reconnu par la lectine de la graminee Vincia et que ce site peut devenir immunogenique par la modification des antigenes M et N a la surface des hematies. Bien que la formaldehyde puisse jouer un role dans cette modification, il nesemble pas que la reutilisation d'une membrane de dialyse soit indispensable pour la formation de l'anti-N DP .
Pristine impact crater morphology on Pluto – Expectations for New Horizons

Abstract This paper combines previous cratering studies and numerical modeling of the impact process at different impact velocities to predict crater morphology on Pluto. As an icy body, Pluto’s craters are expected to be similar in morphology to those on the icy satellites: lesser depth–diameter ratios ( d / D ), shallower wall slopes and the development of central uplifts in craters of smaller rim-to-rim diameter than craters on rocky bodies of similar gravity. The low impact velocity of the Pluto system (∼2 km s −1 ) might cause deviation from this generalization as the simulations presented in this work suggest that decreasing impact velocity from 10 km s −1 to 2 km s −1 results in deeper craters (larger d / D ) and a simple-to-complex transition diameter at larger crater sizes than predicted based on gravity scaling alone ( D > 6 km). Conversely, decreasing impact velocity from 2 km s −1 to 300 m s −1 produced smaller d / D , akin to the lower d / D noted for secondary craters. This complex relationship between impact velocity and d / D suggests that there might be a larger range of ‘pristine’ simple crater depths on Pluto than on bodies with higher mean impact velocity. The low impact velocities and correspondingly low volumes of impact melt generated at Pluto might prevent the occurrence, or limit the size, of floor-pits if their formation involves impact melt water. The presence, or not, of central floor-pit craters on Pluto will thus provide a valuable test of floor-pit formation theories. The presence of summit-pits or concentric craters on Pluto is plausible and would indicate the presence of layering in the near sub-surface. Palimpsests, multi-ring basins and other crater morphologies associated with high heat flow are not expected and would have important implications for Pluto’s thermal history if observed by New Horizons.
Acidic pH amplifies iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells

The goal of our study was to investigate the mechanism by which changes in extracellular pH influence lipid peroxidation processes. Ferrous iron can react with hydroperoxides, via a Fenton-type reaction, to initiate free radical chain processes. Iron is more soluble at lower pH values, therefore we hypothesized that decreasing the environmental pH would lead to increased iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. We used Photofrin, a photosensitizer that produces singlet oxygen, to introduce lipid hydroperoxides into leukemia cells (HL-60, K-562, and L1210). Singlet oxygen reacts with the PUFA of cells producing lipid hydroperoxides. Using EPR spin trapping with POBN, free radical formation from HL-60 cells was only detected when Photofrin, light, and ferrous iron were present. Free radical formation increased with increasing iron concentration; in the absence of extracellular iron, radical formation was below the limit of detection and lipid hydroperoxides accumulated in the membrane. In the presence of iron, lipid-derived radical formation in cells is pH dependent; the lower the extracellular pH (7.5-5.5), the higher the free radical flux; the lower the pH, the greater the membrane permeability induced in K-562 cells, as determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. These data demonstrate that lipid peroxidation processes, mediated by iron, are enhanced with decreasing extracellular pH. Thus, acidic pH not only releases iron from "safe" sites, but this iron will also be more damaging.
The equivalence of recruiting and augmenting phenomena in the visual cortex of the cat

Abstract The augmenting wave phenomenon in striate cortex of the cat could be elicited only by stimulation within the cerebral hemisphere; even supramaximal stimulation of the optic nerve did not produce it. Augmenting waves showed mutual occlusion with recruiting waves elicited from medial thalamus, and both showed some interaction with the primary specific sensory response. Augmenting and recruiting phenomena had similar excitability characteristics and distribution with respect to depth in the cortex. It is concluded that they differ operationally only in that augmenting waves are conventionally elicited together with the primary sensory projection responses, when both are aroused by stimulation of thalamic relay nuclei or their radiation paths to cortex.
Does Helicobacter pylori cause gastric cancer via oxidative stress

Epidemiologic evidence strongly supports a causal role for Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. The infection was recognized as a Class I human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1994. The bacterium does not induce carcinogenesis by itself. The present scientific consensus is that the bacterial oncogenic role is mediated by the chronic active inflammation it elicits in the gastric mucosa. Although the ultimate basic mechanism of carcinogenesis is unknown, strongly suggestive evidence points to oxidative stress as having a pivotal role in the process. This review discusses some of the evidence accumulated so far to support such a role. Numerous avenues of research are open and represent an intriguing challenge to the scientific community.
Angiopathic consequences of saturating the plasma scavenger system for actin.

Abstract Two plasma proteins, vitamin D-binding protein (actin monomer sequestrant) and gelsolin (actin polymer severing), have been found in association with actin in plasma from ill humans and during experimental injury. In vitro, these are the only plasma proteins that display a high affinity for actin. We infused increasing amounts of globular actin intravenously to rats to evaluate its disposition in plasma and tissues. Intravascular filament formation, microthrombi, and endothelial injury were observed, especially in the pulmonary circulation. These pathological changes were not observed when the globular actin in the infusate had been preincubated with the vitamin D-binding protein in vitro. Complexes of actin with both proteins were found in the plasma, suggesting a saturable, plasma actin-binding system in vivo. Our findings suggest that in vivo saturation of these proteins' actin-binding capacities may serve as a paradigm for pulmonary vascular disorders seen during widespread tissue trauma and cell lysis.
The impact of antibody selection on the detection of cardiac troponin I

Abstract Background Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the current standard biomarker for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction and for risk-stratification of acute coronary syndromes in patients. However, it remains unclear how the epitope specificity of antibodies in immunoassays influences the detection of various modified forms of cTnI. Methods Four mouse anti-human cTnI monoclonal antibodies targeting different regions of human cTnI were chosen for immunoaffinity purification of cTnI from human and swine cardiac tissue. High-resolution intact protein mass spectrometry was employed to assess the comparative performance of these four antibodies in detecting modified forms of cTnI. Results Our data revealed that antibody selection significantly impacts the relative protein yield of cTn from immunoaffinity purification. Remarkably, a single amino acid variation in cTnI (G->S) in the epitope region completely abolished the binding between monoclonal antibody 560 and swine cTnI in solution. Moreover, proteolytic degradation around the epitope region severely compromised the detection of proteolytic fragment forms of cTnI by monoclonal antibodies. In contrast, the phosphorylation status near the epitope region did not significantly affect the antibody recognition of cTnI. Conclusion Caution needs to be taken in the interpretation of the data produced by immuno-assays with monoclonal antibodies against various epitopes of cTnI.
AN INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL MASS: The Role of Latino Representation in the Success of Urban Community College Students

The community college has historically functioned as a primary access point to postsecondary education for Latino students. This study, an investigation conducted through an analysis of the Transfer and Retention of Urban Community College Students (TRUCCS) project, focuses on Latino students enrolled in urban “minority-majority” community colleges, where Latino students have a high representation. The specific interest of this research is the role and effect of the level of representation of Latino community college students on their academic outcomes. The relationship between the level of representation of Latinos, and the levels of academic success are analyzed in concert with other variables, such as, the level of representation of Latino faculty on campus, student age, attitude, academic integration, English ability and aspiration. Findings indicate a relationship between academic success of Latino community college students and the proportion of Latino students and faculty on campus. The findings thus suggest that a critical mass of Latinos may be a positive influence encouraging “minority” students to higher academic performance.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements of thin metal films

Optical methods are used to determine the thickness of thin metal films, with emphasis on spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission. We discuss the conditions where this is possible and how to determine the optical constants for the material. The determination of the thickness of each of two metals in a bimetallic stack is discussed. Finally, by measuring thickness with these methods and measuring weight gain, we determine the density of platinum deposited by evaporation and deposited by a simple sputter deposition method. Explicitly, one of the results is that the determined optical constants depend on the deposition method. This implies that, with only a few exceptions, one must determine the optical constants of the material of interest, and that it is inappropriate to use values from another source such as a handbook or from another investigator. The resulting optical constants in this work suggest that the microstructure of the platinum films from the two different methods will not be the same, and x-ray diffraction and sheet resistance measurements verify that this is the case. Specifically, the significantly lower extinction coefficient of the sputter-deposited films correlates with a higher sheet resistance.
Selectivity, efficiency, and underwater observations of modified trap designs for the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador

Comparative fishing experiments were conducted to evaluate the selectivity and efficiency of escape mechanisms installed in traditional snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) traps. Performance of the different trap types (control, traditional, experimental) were compared on the basis of size distribution caught, numbers of animals per trap haul (CPUEN), and size selectivity. The study demonstrated that either 95 or 100 mm diameter escape mechanisms installed into traditional 14.0 cm mesh traps resulted in 38–47% fewer undersized pre-recruit ( 101 mm CW). Qualitative underwater behavioural observations were also conducted for snow crab in response to baited traps, corroborating current understandings as well as documenting new observations related to crab behaviour during capture, escape, haul-back, and interspecific competition with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).