cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benchmarks for nodal yield and ratio for node-positive gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND We aimed to elucidate prognostic markers of node-positive gastric cancers with a focus on examined lymph nodes and lymph node ratio. METHODS Patients treated with curative-intent gastrectomy at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1995-2019 were evaluated. Patients with non-metastatic, node-positive gastric cancers were considered for analysis. RESULTS Of 775 patients, 281 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 58 years, 61% were male, 51% were White, 65% received preoperative therapy, and 71% of tumors were located in the gastric body. The median overall survival was 3.6 years, and 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 91%, 41%, and 29%, respectively. pN3 category was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.79, P = .001) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 1.92, P = .004). Nodal burden was associated with aggressive biologic traits in primary tumors, including higher rates of lymphovascular and perineural invasion and lower preoperative therapy response rates. By receiver-operative characteristic analysis, threshold values of ≥30 examined lymph nodes and <30% lymph node ratio were most discriminant for overall survival. On adjusted analysis, positive margins, additional organ resection, <30 examined lymph nodes, and ≥30% lymph node ratio were associated with worse recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Among patients with high node burden (pN3), <30 examined lymph nodes remained significant on adjusted survival analysis. CONCLUSION Greater than or equal to 30 examined lymph nodes and <30% lymph node ratio were significantly associated with longer recurrence-free survival and overall survival, independent of lymphadenectomy type. These prognostic benchmarks should be considered in the surgical management of gastric cancer in the United States.
EL PRIMER EDWARDS BELLO O EL NOVELISTA ANTES DE EL ROTO

espanolResumen: Antes de El roto (1920) que da renombre a su autor afirmandolo en su condicion de novelista, Joaquin Edwards Bello publica una serie de escritos en que se cuentan sus primeras narraciones, El monstruo y El inutil. Ambas salen a luz muy cerca del centenario de la Independencia; ambas guardan una relacion siamesa que hace productivo cotejarlas. El tema comun de las desilusiones juveniles -la chispa de lo valedero se apaga pronto en sus personajes- da paso a una incisiva exploracion del caracter nacional en el que la familia y la clase pesan con peso opresivo. Monstruosidad e inutilidad resultan ser, asi, sintomas de una sociedad que Edwards empieza a observar con talento y creciente lucidez. EnglishAbstract: Before El roto (1920) which gave its author a wide audience in South America and across the Hispanic world, Joaquin Edwards Bello wrote a number of texts which include his two earliest narratives, El monstruo and El inutil (not yet translated into English). Both novels were published by the Centennial; both keep a close connection between them, inviting useful comparisons. The theme of loss -lost ideals, lost illusions, lost faith in political values, etc.- allows an intensive exploration of the national character, dominated by the opression of family and social class. Monstrosity and idleness seem thus to be symptoms of a society that Edwards Bello begins to observe becoming an outstanding chronicler, witness, and critic of Chilean life.
Development and Initial Psychometrics of a Generic Treatment Integrity Measure Designed to Assess Practice Elements Targeting Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Outcomes in Early Childhood Settings.

Though treatment integrity measurement is important for research intended to promote social and behavioral outcomes of children at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs) in early childhood settings, measurement gaps exist in the field. This paper reports on the development and preliminary psychometric assessment of the treatment integrity measure for early childhood settings (TIMECS), an observational measure designed to address existing measurement gaps related to treatment integrity with tier 2 interventions in the early childhood field. To assess the preliminary score reliability (interrater) and validity (construct, discriminant) of the TIMECS, live observations (N = 650) in early childhood classrooms from 54 teachers (92.6% female, 7.4% male; 61.1% White) and 91 children (M age = 4.53 years, SD = .44; 45.1% female, 54.9% male; 45.1% Black) at risk for EBDs were scored by 12 coders using the TIMECS and an observational measure designed to assess teacher-child interactions. Teachers also self-reported on the quality of the teacher-child relationship. Interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC [2,2]) for the quantity (i.e., adherence) item scores had a mean of .81 (SD = .07; range from .68 to .95), and the quality (i.e., competence) item scores had a mean of .69 (SD = .08; range from .52 to .80). Scores on the TIMECS Quantity and Quality items and scales showed evidence of construct validity, with the magnitude of the correlations suggesting that the quantity and quality items assess distinct components of treatment integrity. A TIMECS quantity scale also showed promise for intervention evaluation research by discriminating between teachers who had and had not been trained in a specific evidence-based intervention targeting social and behavioral skills in early childhood. The findings support the potential of the TIMECS to assess treatment integrity of teacher-delivered practices designed to address child social and behavioral outcomes of children at risk for EBDs in early childhood settings.
Superposition of Peel Rate, Temperature and Molecular Weight for T Peel Strength of Polyisobutylene

Effects of molecular weight of adhesive polymer on T peel strength were investigated over a wide range of temperature and peel rate. Polyisobutylene fractions having narrow molecular weight distribution were used as the adhesive, and low-density polyethylene films as the substrate. The peel strengths were found to yield a single master curve with respect to the peel rate and the temperature for both the cohesive and the interfacial failures. It was found that the shift factor aT agrees with that of the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation and is almost independent of the molecular weight of the adhesive. Furthermore, the master curves related to the rate-temperature are superimposed by the use of the shift factor aM, to yield a single master curve relation with respect to the molecular weight of the adhesive. In the case the cohesive bond failure, aM is related to the ratio of (M/MO)3.4.
Optimized trajectory tracking control of dynamic multistage metal-cooling processes with nonlinear disturbances

This paper investigates how a control structure tracks a trajectory of multistage dynamic processes optimally in the presence of exogenous linear or nonlinear unknown system disturbances. In accordance with our previous work, run out table (ROT) temperature control for hot strip cooling (a prime model of metal-cooling multistage process) serves as the basic system. We study optimal solutions in terms of disturbance attenuation of various characteristics with minimal degradation on the performance of the system. Optimal control using dynamic programming is instrumental in obtaining meaningful and tractable problem formulations and in determining the necessary and sufficient conditions, which lead to optimal and efficient solutions in relation to the presence of the disturbance. The effectiveness of this development is presented in terms of robust system performance and verified by way of simulation.
The World of the Abused Child: A Phenomenological Report

: A verbatim interview of one 21-year-old suicidal woman, who had a long history of abuse by her mother, is presented. Some theoretical issues concerning the scientific and clinical usefulness of phenomenological reports in the understanding of child abuse (and other aberrant behavior) are briefly discussed.
p145, a major Grb2-binding protein in brain, is co-localized with dynamin in nerve terminals where it undergoes activity-dependent dephosphorylation.

Three major rat brain proteins were recently found to bind the SH3 domains of Grb2: synapsin I, dynamin, and a novel 145-kDa protein (p145) (McPherson, P. S., Czernik, A. J., Chilcote, T. J., Onofri, F., Benfenati, F., Greengard, P., Schlessinger, J., and De Camilli, P. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 6486-6490). We have now used antibodies raised against p145 which had been purified by Grb2 affinity chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to characterize this protein. p145 is neuron-specific and co-distributes with dynamin in subcellular fractions of rat brain. Both proteins are partially recovered in soluble and particulate fractions. By immunofluorescence, p145 is closely co-localized with dynamin, which we show here to be highly concentrated in nerve terminals. In contrast to synapsin I, which is highly enriched in a purified synaptic vesicle fraction, both p145 and dynamin are de-enriched in this fraction. However, both proteins are found on membranes which are immunoisolated with antibodies directed against the synaptic vesicle membrane protein synaptophysin, suggesting that dynamin and p145 are localized in part on organelles which represent intermediate stages in the reformation of synapatic vesicles during recycling. Finally, we have determined that p145, like dynamin, is a phosphoprotein which undergoes dephosphorylation in response to nerve terminal depolarization. These findings suggest that p145 participates with dynamin in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling.
Part Relations for Object-Oriented Databases

It has long been recognized that the “part” relation is an extremely useful modeling tool. This is especially true in areas such as manufacturing, design, graphics, and document processing. In this paper, we present a comprehensive conceptual model for parts in the context of object-oriented database (OODB) systems. Our model captures the semantics and functionality of a variety of part relations with characteristics such as exclusiveness/sharing, multi-valuedness, cardinality restriction, ordering, essentiality, dependency, and value propagation. Our notion of exclusiveness extends previous work by refinement into two kinds, inter-class and intra-class exclusiveness. Dependency in our model is permitted from both the part to the whole object, and vice versa. We also present a general mechanism for upward and downward value propagation along the part relation. Of note is the fact that we realize the part model without having to introduce any extraordinary new constructs into the underlying OODB data model. The part relation itself is represented as an object class whose instances represent the actual part connections between instances of the participating classes. By elevating the part relation to the status of a “first-class citizen,” we are following in the tradition of the ER and other semantic data models.
James Buchanan's Contributions to Constitutional Political Economy, Institutional Analysis, and Self-Governance

We outline the work of James Buchanan and his influence and contributions to political economy, institutional analysis, and self-governance. In addition to pioneering the public choice movement, we argue that Buchanan’s greatest contribution to political economy was initiating the constitutional level of analysis in economics. In doing so, we highlight Buchanan's main emphasis on the elementary principles of economics and how they fit into the broader agenda of economist as teacher and enabler of improving the democratic process; the role of economists as studying exchange; the reconciliation of the economists’ zeal for reform with positive economic theory and how this notion advances the importance of constitutional-making from the bottom-up; and finally, the introduction of the main puzzle in political economy regarding constitutional constraint. We argue that it is in the broader field of development economics and self-governance research that his ideas concerning the “rules level of analysis” can have its deepest impact.
Relationship of the thyroid and adrenal glands to the toxemias of pregnancy

Abstract The toxemias of pregnancy have presented a complex problem, in which there has existed an alteration in the chemistry and physiology of the body, producing the pathologic lesions which have been characteristic of the disease. Recent investigative work has brought forth the relationship of the electrolytes and hormones to these changes, and a decision as to their behavior may help to solve the mystery that surrounds the etiology of these conditions. The toxemias are problems far too intrieate for the obstetrician alone to decide, and the expert opinion and judgment of the chemist, physiologist, histologist and pathologist are necessary to understand these unusual physical changes. The purpose of this paper is not to promote any new theory concerning these things, but rather to review the work which has been done on them. The data which have been prepared have been obtained through the cooperation of the department of chemistry, physiology, histology, and pathology. In order to more clearly understand the material presented, a short resume of the recent research on the toxemias is presented, limiting the discussion to the glandular relationships.
Climatic control of sediment yield in dry lands following climate and land cover change

[1] Long-term climate and short-term environmental change both affect catchment sediment yield, yet isolating the respective contributions has been difficult. To help separate the different roles, a numerical ecogeomorphic model has been used to explore the erosional impacts of different environmental changes across a gradient of annual rainfall in water-limited fluvial landscapes. Results demonstrate that following vegetation disturbances, sediment yield is a maximum in arid to semiarid climates, decreasing in dryer climates owing to a paucity of vegetation to disturb and in wetter climates owing to increasingly rapid postdisturbance recovery. The case of sustained changes in annual rainfall is more complicated owing to trade-offs between changes in vegetation cover and runoff. As climates abruptly become wetter, the barren, arid landscapes produce the greatest sediment, but a secondary peak occurs in semiarid climates where a high proportional increase in runoff coincides with runoff-limited erosion. Sediment yield drops relative to prechange conditions between these two maxima, where vegetation cover substantially increases and runoff drops. Conversely, as climates become dryer, the effects of vegetation and runoff are transposed: sediment yield peaks become troughs, and troughs become peaks. Together, these results suggest that sediment yield depends both on the nature of the disturbance and on the landscape and climatic contexts in which the disturbance acts. Prechange landscapes and climate set the stage by prescribing whether sediment yield is vegetation limited or runoff limited. Environmental changes then affect erosion by augmenting or diminishing the prevailing geomorphic limitation.
Advanced optics and photonic nanostructures for solar energy harvesting

A photonic crystal is an artificially engineered, periodic structure that offers new optical properties and functionalities. A more generalized class of an artificial material may not be perfectly periodic and still offers unique photonic characteristics- architectural network of nanomaterials. I will describe, here, a random network of nanostructure for maximizing the solar absorption and a non-periodic design for achieving a near-perfect anti-reflection coating.
Sequencing of proteins

Electron ionization and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry provide synergistic information on the sequence and molecular weight of peptides even if they are present as a complex mixture. While mass spectrometry alone could be used to determine the structure of a protein, it is much more efficient to combine it with the Edman degradation or with the translation of the base sequence of the gene coding for the synthesis of the protein. The determination of the primary structure of neocarzinostatin (113 amino acids long) is an example of the former approach and that of glutamine-tRNA synthetase (550 amino acids long) from E. coli illustrates the latter.
Cystic Fibrosis Fibroblasts Respond Normally to Isoproterenol

Thirteen cystic fibrosis and 12 normal strains of skin fibroblasts obtained from the Institute for Medical Research were compared for their degree of production of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in response to isoproterenol and prostaglandin E1. There were no significant differences in their quantitative responses in content of cyclic AMP at two different times whether these cells were growing exponentially or were already confluent. All strains responded similarly to the presence of two types of phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The averaged initial rates of the response to isoproterenol in exponentially growing cells were also similar for the two sets of strains. Although response differed greatly between strains, the response of each strain was relatively reproducible.
Functional blockade of neuronal acetylcholine receptors by antisera to a putative receptor from brain

Antisera to a putative acetylcholine receptor purified from chick brain specifically inhibit the acetylcholine response of chick ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture. The putative brain receptor and a similar membrane component previously identified on ciliary ganglion neurons appear to be functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the nervous system and are clearly distinct from membrane components in the tissues that bind α-bungarotoxin.
Hyperfine fields in ferromagnetic PdFe alloys

Abstract We have measured both the Pd and Fe hyperfine field distributions in a series of PdFe alloys by the NMR spin-echo technique and compared the resulting Fe field values with those previously obtained by the Mossbauer technique.
Cardiovascular-renal and metabolic characterization of a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive dysfunction in premenopausal women. PCOS is also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease when PCOS first occurs and later in life. Hypertension, a common finding in women with PCOS, is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms responsible for hypertension in women with PCOS have not been elucidated. Objective This study characterized the cardiovascular-renal consequences of hyperandrogenemia in a female rat model. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 4–6 weeks) were implanted with dihydrotestosterone or placebo pellets lasting 90 days. After 10 to 12 weeks, blood pressure (by radiotelemetry), renal function (glomerular filtration rate, morphology, protein, and albumin excretion), metabolic parameters (plasma insulin, glucose, leptin, cholesterol, and oral glucose tolerance test), inflammation (plasma tumor necrosis factor-α), oxidative stress (mRNA expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, p22 phox , p47 phox , gp91 phox , and NOX4), nitrate/nitrite excretion and mRNA expression of components of the renin-angiotensin system (angiotensinogen, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme [ACE], and AT1 receptor) were determined. Results Plasma dihydrotestosterone increased 3-fold in hyperandrogenemic female (HAF) rats, whereas plasma estradiol levels did not differ compared with control females. HAF rats exhibited estrus cycle dysfunction. They also had increased food intake and body weight, increased visceral fat, glomerular filtration rate, renal injury, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and increased expression of angiotensinogen and ACE and reduced AT1 receptor expression. Conclusions The HAF rat is a unique model that exhibits many of the characteristics of PCOS in women and is a useful model to study the mechanisms responsible for PCOS-mediated hypertension.
Plasma immersion ion implantation for ULSI processing

Abstract With a high ion-density plasma produced by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sources, the space charge region between the plasma and a negatively biased target can sustain a potential difference up to 50 kV, with an implantation flux as high as 10 16 /cm 2 s. Other unique features of this plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique include: no ion mass selection, no beam transport optics, and the ion energy and angular distributions controlled by the plasma gas pressure and the applied bias waveforms. By adding a sputtering electrode into the plasma which is powered by a separate voltage supply (i.e., a triode configuration) the implantation chamber can also be converted into an ion-assisted physical vapor deposition system. In this review paper, we outline the physical mechanisms and operation modes of PIII and discuss applications of PIII's unique features for ultra-large-scale integrated circuit fabrication. Recent successes of using PIII for conformal doping of nonplanar device structures, sub-100-nm p + /n junction formation, backside damage impurities gettering, and selective electroless plating of metal interconnects are presented.
An Interview with Juan Jose García, President of Ojo de Agua Comunicación

This is an interview with Zapotec video maker Juan Jose Garcia, president of the award-winning media organization Ojo de Agua Comunicacion, in Oaxaca, Mexico. He presents a brief history of native video in Mexico and discusses issues such as indigenous video production and circulation, thematic content, communal practices, relation to indigenous communities, funding, and current projects of his group.
Three-Additive Model of Superfilling of Copper

A model describing the effect of an accelerator bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide (SPS) and the two inhibitors poly(ethylene glycol) and Janus Green B (PEG and JGB) on the leveling efficacy on submicrometer trenches of an acid-copper plating bath is described, simulated, and compared to experimental till studies. All parameters of the model arc estimated from electrochemical measurements on a nonpatterned, rotating disk electrode A multicomponent version of a Frumkin isotherm is employed to account for the interaction between SPS and PEG, and the interaction between PEG and JGB are described by a competitive adsorption, Langmuir model. Shape-change simulations employing these descriptions of the surface phenomena are consistent with fill studies over a large range of SPS and JGB concentrations; however, simulations do not predict the result that void-free deposits are achieved when the concentration of JGB is zero.
Purchasing Habits and Use of Eggs By Wisconsin Consumers

Abstract INFORMATION regarding consumer purchasing habits and use of eggs can be useful in many ways, such as the planning of marketing and promotional programs, the evaluation and explanation of trends in consumption patterns, calling attention to potential product development and avenues for increasing consumption. These are concepts which should be periodically reviewed in the egg industry in which all phases from production through merchandising are quite dynamic. The present study was conducted to provide such information and augment the results of a survey of consumer preferences for egg attributes (Skala, 1965). METHOD The results reported here were obtained as an adjunct to a survey of consumer preferences for eggs and were collected between October 15, 1962 and January 15, 1963. The University of Wisconsin Survey Research Laboratory provided assistance in this study. The information was obtained from 598 randomly selected urban female respondents 21 years of age or older at…
Weber's social history and Etzioni's structural theory of charisma in organizations: Implications for thinking about charismatic leadership

Abstract The article argues that the new theories of leadership which give primary attention to the concept of charisma have insufficiently used insights from the work of Max Weber and Amitai Etzioni. Three points are made: (1) the concepts of charisma most referenced in the work of Weber, Etzioni, and the new leadership theories address different levels of analysis which should be considered together; (2) for both Weber and Etzioni, charisma is about wisdom, but this conception is missing in the new theories of leadership; and (3) both Weber and Etzioni gave primary attention to the tensions in the emergence and development of charisma, whereas this is not a concern discussed in the new leadership theories. Each of these points are important for a fuller understanding of charismatic leadership in organizations.
Differential effects of FR900482 and FK317 on apoptosis, IL-2 gene expression, and induction of vascular leak syndrome.

Abstract Vascular leak syndrome (VLS) is a harmful side effect that resulted in withdrawal of the antitumor drug FR900482, but not FK317, from clinical trials. Here we present chromatin immunoprecipitation data showing that FK317, like FR900482, crosslinks minor-groove binding proteins to DNA in vivo. However, these drugs differ in how they induce cell death. We demonstrate that, whereas FR900482 induces necrosis, FK317 induces a necrosis-to-apoptosis switch that is drug concentration dependent. Northern blot analyses of drug-treated cells suggest that this "switch" is mediated, at least in part, by modulation of the expression levels of Bcl-2. Additionally, FR900482, in contrast to FK317, induces the expression of known elicitors of both Bcl-2 gene expression and VLS. These findings provide plausible explanations for why these structurally similar drugs have different biological effects, especially with respect to VLS.
Effect of Oxidation-Reduction on Germicidal Efficiency of Some Metallic Salts

SummaryInorganic metallic salts, which are not germicidal or only slightly so, may exhibit a pronounced killing effect when mixed in certain combinations and proportions. In order that increased germicidal action may occur the salts must be mixed to produce an oxidation-reduction system. The phenomenon is a function of the positive metallic ions; the negative ions apparently play no part in the reaction. In a later paper it will be shown that the phenomenon is not limited to inorganic compounds only but may be applied to mixtures of inorganic salts and organic compounds.
New developments in the finite-element method for seismic modeling

Several versions of the finite-element method (FEM) have been proposed for seismic modeling since it was first applied in this field in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Here we bring forward some recently developed FEMs suitable for seismic modeling due to their high-order accuracy. These methods have been successfully applied to wave-propagation problems and improved accuracy, yielding an improved performance compared to classic FEM.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE IRRIGATION RESOURCES OF THE SEVAN–RAZDAN CASCADE OF SOVIET ARMENIA

ABSTRACT Over sixty per cent of the irrigated acreage of Soviet Armenia is concentrated in the Araratskaya Valley which constitutes the principal lowland area. Total irrigation developments of the republic in 1963 covered some 262,000 hectares and required an estimated diversion of 3.85 billion cubic meters annually. Long-range goals set by the Water Resources Ministry call for a doubling of the 1963 level of irrigation development. Resultant diversion requirements would then approach 7.7 billion cubic meters. Under present conditions it is feasible to divert an average of 6.49 billion cubic meters annually. To overcome long-range water deficits the Armenians are now attempting to regulate the water balance of Lake Sevan. Closely associated with water conservation are projects which provide for optimum land usage such as the acid-flush reclamation of saline soils in the Arazdayan Steppe.
Investigation of the effect of fabrication-related disorders in subwavelength metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguides

We theoretically investigate the effect of fabrication-related disorders on subwavelength metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguides. We use a Monte Carlo method to calculate the roughness-induced excess attenuation coefficient with respect to a smooth waveguide. We find that the excess attenuation is mainly due to reflection from the rough surfaces. For small roughness height (δ<4nm), the excess optical power loss due to disorder is small compared to the material loss in a smooth waveguide. However, for large roughness height (δ>4nm), the excess attenuation increases rapidly and the propagation length of the optical mode is severely affected. We also find that the disorder attenuation due to reflection is maximized when the power spectral density of the disordered surfaces at the Bragg frequency is maximized. Finally, we show that increasing the modal confinement or decreasing the guide wavelength, increase the attenuation due to disorder.
Exploiting modularity in template-controlled synthesis: a new linear template to direct reactivity within discrete hydrogen-bonded molecular assemblies in the solid state.

Co-crystallization of 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (1,8-nap) with trans-1,2-bis(n-pyridyl)ethylene (n,n'-bpe) (n = 2 or 4) yields a discrete four-component molecular assembly, 2(n,n'-bpe).2(1,8-nap) 1, that is held together by four O-H...N hydrogen bonds where the dicarboxylic acid, serving as a linear template, directs alignment of olefins in the solid state for [2 + 2] photoreaction.
Carcass Composition Studies 1. Influences of Age, Sex and Type of Dietary Fat Supplementation on Total Carcass and Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effect of age and sex on the carcass composition of broiler type chickens and to determine the influence of feeding various fats such as cottonseed oil, acidulated cottonseed soapstock, beef tallow, and poultry fat on carcass composition and fatty acid composition of broilers. These studies show the tremendous differences in body composition that develop between male and female chickens with age and at what age these changes take place. The types of fat fed did not influence gross body composition but had a very large effect on fatty acid composition of whole carcass and adipose tissue fatty acids. The feeding of beef tallow produced a bird with increased stearic acid and oleic acid levels at the expense of linoleic acid, thus producing a bird that feels much firmer to the touch. Data is presented on the amount and composition of feathers from male and female chickens from 2 to 10 weeks of age. The quantity of feathers on the carcass increased with age. The protein content of the feathers also increased with age from a low of 37.2% in feathers from 2 weeks old females to 68.6% in feathers from 8 weeks old females. Linear regression equations for relationship between N/H2 O ratios vs. age and lipid vs. protein (dry matter basis) were utilized to calculate protein, lipid and ash content of carcass from moisture.
Signaling via LTβR on the lamina propria stromal cells of the gut is required for IgA production

Peyer's patches (PPs) and/or mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are thought to be essential for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production. We found that the severe IgA deficiency in lymphotoxin-deficient (LT(-/-)) mice could be fully reversed by reconstitution with LT-expressing bone marrow, despite the absence of both LNs and PPs. The number of IgA precursors from LT(-/-) mice was not reduced, and they were able to migrate into the lamina propria (LP) of wild-type mice but not of LTbetaR(-/-) mice. Consistently, lymphoid tissue chemokines and adhesion molecules were reduced within the LP of LTalpha(-/-) and LTbetaR(-/-) mice. IgA deficiency in LTalpha(-/-) mice was reversed by the transplantation of a segment of RAG-1 (recombination-activating gene 1) deficient intestine, which confirmed the dispensability of the MLNs and PPs and the sufficiency of the LT-mediated gut microenvironment for IgA production.
Effects of branching architecture and linker on the activity of hyperbranched polymer-drug conjugates.

Drug release from hyperbranched polymer−drug conjugates and the subsequent activity are influenced by the branching architecture and the linker. To gain an understanding of these effects, we used hyperbranched polyol and G4-OH polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer with methyl prednisolone (MP) as the model drug. The drug was conjugated to dendrimer or polyol using a glutaric acid (GA) or a succinic acid (SA) spacer. Drug payload was the highest with polyol, while in the case of dendrimer, a higher payload was achieved with the GA than the SA spacer. Cell uptake of the polymer conjugates in A549 lung epithelial cells was higher than that of the free drug, and the conjugates largely localized in the cytosol. The anti-inflammatory activity of polymer conjugated MP, as measured by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, was the highest for MP-SA-dendrimer conjugate, followed by MP-GA-polyol conjugate, and then MP-GA-dendrimer conjugate. This study suggests that the branching architecture and spacer influence the dr...
Development of a time-to-digital converter IC for laser radar

Abstract A CMOS time-to-digital converter IC with half-nanosecond resolution by inverter-delay-time has been developed for measuring time intervals with a fully digital circuit. A new circuit “ring-gate-delay” system using two revolution counters can make the area of the circuit far smaller than it would be without them. Accuracy is assured through digital processing with a 2 MHz crystal clock reference. A time resolution of 0.5 ns and a measurement range of 0–2200 ns using 1.5 μm CMOS were confirmed.
It's All About the System: Changing the Way We Think About Designing Security Systems

Today's world demands new ways of thinking about security solutions. The problem space is complex and ambiguous. Solutions must be multidimensional, incorporating not only technology, but the social, economic, political, and religious dynamics of a security intervention. A facilitator-led experiential training program was designed for our technical staff that leads them out of the box. The course design is based upon the theories of cognitive flexibility and situated cognition, and uses a socio-constructivist approach. Participants are led by a senior systems engineer/facilitator through a series of exercises in which they observe contextually relevant right way/wrong way videos, engage in critical thinking assessments about what they observed, and solve logic puzzles. Group interaction and problem-solving is emphasized. As in the real world, there is no one "right" solution. Outcomes can include a broader understanding of the threat space, creative solutions that enable survival in spite of an evolving enemy, and a deeper sense of the complex dynamics involved in any security decision. Training impact is being evaluated using a mixed qualitative/ quantitative approach. Survey data combined with ethnographic interviewing techniques will determine whether or not participants have transferred their new understandings to the work environment.
Synthesis, Structure, Electrical Conductivity, and Band Structure of the Rare-Earth Copper Oxychalcogenide La5Cu6O4S7

Abstract The compound La 5 Cu 6 O 4 S 7 has been synthesized by the reaction of La 2 S 3 and CuO in a KI flux at 1173 K. La 5 Cu 6 O 4 S 7 crystallizes in a new structure type in a cell of dimensions a =5.667(1), b =15.666(3), c =17.534(3) A with four formula units in space group D 28 2 h - Imma of the orthorhombic system at T =153 K. The structure comprises [Cu 2 S 2 ] antifluorite-like and [La 10 S 2 O 8 ] fluorite-like layers, and these two kinds of layers stack in turn along the [001] direction. The La atom is coordinated by a distorted square antiprism of four O and four S atoms, and the Cu atom is coordinated by a tetrahedron of four S atoms. The Cu atom in the [Cu 2 S 2 ] layer is bonded to neighboring Cu atoms; the Cu–Cu distances vary from 2.5864(7) to 2.965(1) A. The average oxidation state of the Cu atoms is +7/6. La 5 Cu 6 O 4 S 7 is metallic in the [100] direction, consistent with the results of extended Huckel band structure calculation.
Analysis of Metabolic Capabilities Using Singular Value Decomposition of Extreme Pathway Matrices

It is now possible to construct genome-scale metabolic networks for particular microorganisms. Extreme pathway analysis is a useful method for analyzing the phenotypic capabilities of these networks. Many extreme pathways are needed to fully describe the functional capabilities of genome-scale metabolic networks, and therefore, a need exists to develop methods to study these large sets of extreme pathways. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of matrices of extreme pathways was used to develop a conceptual framework for the interpretation of large sets of extreme pathways and the steady-state flux solution space they define. The key results of this study were: 1), convex steady-state solution cones describing the potential functions of biochemical networks can be studied using the modes generated by SVD; 2), Helicobacter pylori has a more rigid metabolic network (i.e., a lower dimensional solution space and a more dominant first singular value) than Haemophilus influenzae for the production of amino acids; and 3), SVD allows for direct comparison of different solution cones resulting from the production of different amino acids. SVD was used to identify key network branch points that may identify key control points for regulation. Therefore, SVD of matrices of extreme pathways has proved to be a useful method for analyzing the steady-state solution space of genome-scale metabolic networks.
Potts model and graph theory

Elementary exposition is given of some recent developments in studies of graphtheoretic aspects of the Potts model. Topics discussed include graphical expansions of the Potts partition function and correlation functions and their relationships with the chromatic, dichromatic, and flow polynomials occurring in graph theory. It is also shown that the Potts model realization of these classic graph-theoretic problems provides alternate and direct proofs of properties established heretofore only in the context of formal graph theory.
Toward a Measurement of the Cosmological Geometry at z ~ 2: Predicting Lyα Forest Correlation in Three Dimensions and the Potential of Future Data Sets

The correlation between Ly? absorption in the spectra of quasar pairs can be used to measure the transverse distance scale at z ~ 2, which is sensitive to the cosmological constant (??) or other forms of vacuum energy. Using hydro-PM simulations, I compute the three-dimensional power spectrum of the Ly? forest flux, PF(), from which the redshift-space anisotropy of the correlation can be obtained. I compute directly the linear theory bias parameters of the Ly? forest, potentially allowing simulation results to be extended to arbitrarily large scales. I investigate the dependence of PF() on the primordial power spectrum, the temperature-density relation of the gas, and the mean flux decrement, finding that the redshift-space anisotropy is relatively insensitive to these parameters. A table of results is provided for different parameter variations. I investigate the constraint that can be obtained on ?? using quasars from a large survey. Assuming 13 2 pairs at a separation of less than ? and including separations less than 10', a measurement to 5% can be made if simulations can predict the redshift-space anisotropy with 5% accuracy or to 10% if the anisotropy must be measured from the data. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will obtain spectra for a factor of ~5 fewer pairs than this, so follow-up observations of fainter pair candidates will be necessary. I discuss the requirements on the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SDSS quality spectra are sufficient). I find that a box size of ~40 h-1 Mpc and a resolution of ~40 h-1 kpc are necessary for convergence of the calculations to 5% on all relevant scales, although somewhat poorer resolution can be used for large scales.
An empirical explanation of aperture effects

The perceived direction of a moving line changes, often markedly, when viewed through an aperture. Although several explanations of this remarkable effect have been proposed, these accounts typically focus on the percepts elicited by a particular type of aperture and offer no biological rationale. Here, we test the hypothesis that to contend with the inherently ambiguous nature of motion stimuli the perceived direction of objects moving behind apertures of different shapes is determined by a wholly empirical strategy of visual processing. An analysis of moving line stimuli generated by objects projected through apertures shows that the directions of motion subjects report in psychophysical testing is accounted for by the frequency of occurrence of the 2D directions of stimuli generated by simulated 3D sources. The completeness of these predictions supports the conclusion that the direction of perceived motion is fully determined by accumulated behavioral experience with sources whose physical motions cannot be conveyed by image sequences as such.
Glial peroxidase activity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: effects of estradiol valerate-induced persistent estrus.

Abstract To test the hypothesis that stimulation of glial peroxidase activity by estrogens may play a role in the pathogenesis of the previously reported degenerative changes in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus that occur in female rats treated with a long-acting estrogen preparation, the cellular localization and number of peroxidase-positive granules in the hypothalamus were determined in adult female rats treated with a single intramuscular injection of 2 mg of estradiol valerate. The persistent estrus state, manifested as persistent vaginal conrnification and polycystic ovaries, was induced in 80% of the animals. In comparison with normally cycling controls, the arcuate nuclei of persistent estrus rats exhibited a 3- and 2.8-fold increase in numbers of diaminobenzidine-positive granules and granule clusters, respectively (P
Symmetry considerations in the formation and rotation of hexagonal scattering patterns in photorefractive KNbO3

Self-organization of scattering into reconfigurable hexagonal arrays has been observed in KNbO3 by a number of researchers. Further, depending on the experimental configuration and the direction of the pump beam, these hexagonal arrays are observed to rotate about the main pump beam. In this paper we report on the results of the application of symmetry considerations to the analysis of these observations. The hexagonal array formation is postulated to develop through an interaction between secondary beams generated from the ring of beams formed from the original pump beam through a winner-take-all process. Starting with a model of the experimental configuration in which the feedback is provided by reflection from a surface which is perpendicular to the c-axis of the orthorhombic KNbO3 crystal, we find that rotation of this hexagonal pattern is allowed by the crystal symmetry and depends on the direction of the main pump beam with respect to the crystallographic a- b- and c-axes. The direction of rotation is reversed when the beam direction is reflected in either of the two crystallographic reflection planes but will remain the same when the beam is rotated 180 degrees about the twofold crystal c-axis. The rotation of the hexagonal array should vanish when the beam lies in either of the two reflection planes, or is aligned with the c-axis. In this paper we will present the results of these symmetry considerations, and compare the results to observations.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Targeting leukemia stem cells with HDAC inhibitors and modulators of the DNA damage response.

Targeting leukemia stem cells with HDAC inhibitors and modulators of the DNA damage response
Concealed Neuroanatomy in Michelangelo's Separation of Light From Darkness in the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was a master anatomist as well as an artistic genius. He dissected cadavers numerous times and developed a profound understanding of human anatomy. From 1508 to 1512, Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. His Sistine Chapel frescoes are considered one of the monumental achievements of Renaissance art. In the winter of 1511, Michelangelo entered the final stages of the Sistine Chapel project and painted 4 frescoes along the longitudinal apex of the vault, which completed a series of 9 central panels depicting scenes from the Book of Genesis. It is reported that Michelangelo concealed an image of the brain in the first of these last 4 panels, namely, the Creation of Adam. Here we present evidence that he concealed another neuronanatomic structure in the final panel of this series, the Separation of Light From Darkness, specifically a ventral view of the brainstem. The Separation of Light From Darkness is an important panel in the Sistine Chapel iconography because it depicts the beginning of Creation and is located directly above the altar. We propose that Michelangelo, a deeply religious man and an accomplished anatomist, intended to enhance the meaning of this iconographically critical panel and possibly document his anatomic accomplishments by concealing this sophisticated neuroanatomic rendering within the image of God.
On Average Deviation Indices for Estimating Interrater Agreement

In this investigation, the authors report the results of two studies designed to investigate the efficacy of two proposed indices of interrater agreement based on average deviations from the mean a...
HIV spread in the San Francisco cohort: scaling of the effective logistic rate for seropositivity.

Abstract A simple scaling (semigroup) property is manifest in the functional form of the effective logistic rate for the increase in the HIV seropositive fraction in the San Francisco (City Clinic) cohort. Withti = 4.5 years, this scaling property—r → λ−2r undert → [λt + (λ − 1)ti]for all parameter values λ ≧ 1—encapsulates the effects of relevant biological and sociological changes in the key epidemiological variables during the 8-year seropositive rise period, 1978–1985 inclusive.
Calculations of steady state droplet vaporization at high ambient pressures

Mathematical model of spherically symmetric quiescent droplet undergoing quasi-steady vaporization near thermodynamic critical point
Some thoughts on the relations between animal and human drug-taking

Abstract 1. 1. Results of studies of drug self-administration have frequently been suggested as indicators of the potential for abuse of these drugs by humans. Historical data (pre 1970), although scant, supported this suggestion for drugs such as morphine and ethanol that served as reinforcers in both human and non-human experimental subjects. More recent information Indicated that, while the correlation between human and non-human drug self-administistration may be high, there are apparently, occasional exceptions. In the narcotic analysis and antidepressant classes of pharmacological compounds, there are drugs that maintain high response rates in animals, but have not yet been shown to result in significant abuse problems in man. Various methodological issues, related to the general proposition and the exceptions to it are discussed.