cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The frequency of dual TCR-PCR clonality in granulomatous disorders.

Background: A granulomatous infiltrate in association with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is uncommon. The diagnosis of mycosis fungoides can be difficult in the setting of an exuberant granulomatous infiltrate that obscures the neoplastic lymphoid infiltrate, thereby mimicking a granulomatous dermatitis. Therefore, the clinical context and supplemental molecular analysis, such as the demonstration of a monoclonal T-cell population, may assist in diagnosis. Monoclonal T-cell populations have been reported in association with inflammatory conditions and serve as a diagnostic pitfall. The frequency of T-cell clonality in association with granulomatous dermatitides has not yet been established. Methods: We identified 29 patients with granulomatous dermatitis who had biopsies at two distinct body sites. Results were correlated with clinical follow up and with clonal T-cell receptor-gamma chain rearrangement as detected by polymerase chain reaction-based analysis (dual TCR-PCR). Results: Clinical follow up was obtained in 17 of 29 cases (58.6%). Twenty-five of 29 cases of granulomatous dermatitis lacked T-cell monoclonality. Three cases of granuloma annulare contained a T-cell clone in one of the two biopsies. One case of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma showed an identical T-cell clone in multiple biopsies. Conclusions: The use of dual TCR-PCR analysis, that is, T-cell clonality analysis in biopsy specimens from two different sites, serves as an adjunct to assist in distinguishing granulomatous inflammatory reactions from granulomatous T-cell lymphoma, including granulomatous mycosis fungoides. The occasional finding of a T-cell clone in a granulomatous dermatitis underscores the importance of clinicopathological correlation in daily diagnosis. Dabiri S, Morales A, Ma L, Sundram U, Kim YH, Arber DA, Kim J. The frequency of dual TCR-PCR clonality in granulomatous disorders.
Synthesis of 5,10-diphenylporphyrin

Abstract The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of hitherto unknown 5,10-diphenylporphyrin ( 3 ) are described. 2+2 and 3+1 Pathways were tested for the making of 5,10-diphenylporphyrin. The most successful method involved the condensation of an appropriately substituted dipyrromethane dicarbinol with dipyrromethane to provide the title compound in up to 20% yield. The structure of 3 was unambiguously established by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The UV–vis, fluorescence and NMR data of 5,10-diphenylporphyrin and its Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes are described and contrasted with those for the isomeric 5,15-diphenyl- and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin.
THEORY OF SELF-PHASE-MATCHING

A theory of the recently discussed and demonstrated novel phenomenon of self-phase-matching [B. Glushko, B. Kryzhanovsky, and D. Sarkisyan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 243 (1993)] is given by representing the conical beam, produced in the experiments, by a Bessel beam and as a superposition of Bessel beams. The predictions of the theory with the superposition of Bessel beams are in conformity with the observed behavior.
The sizes of maximal planar, outerplanar, and bipartite planar subgraphs

We define the subvariance Sp(F) of a family of graphs F with respect to property P to be the infimum of the ratio |H1/|H2|, where H1 and H2 are any two maximal spanning subgraphs of G with property P, and where G is a member of F. It is shown that, for the family of all connected graphs, the subvariance when P is planar, outerplanar, and bipartite planar, is 13, 12, and 12, respectively.
Fatal carbamazepine hepatitis

CARBAMAZEPINE, a tricyclic compound similar to imipramine, is currently being used with increasing frequency to manage patients with seizures poorly controlled by traditional therapeutic agents? Previous reports of hepatoxicity have shown only transient elevations o f serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and transaminase concentrations.'-', ~ We report here a death from hepatic failure associated with carbamazepine therapy.
Theoretical studies of collisional energy transfer in highly excited molecules: The importance of intramolecular vibrational redistribution in successive collision modeling of He+CS2

In this paper we present a new method for studying the collisional relaxation of highly excited molecules in low density gases known as the redistributed successive collisions (RSC) method, and we apply it to the relaxation of CS2 by He at 300 K in the vibrational energy range E=32 640–3180 cm−1. The RSC method involves calculating sequences of collisions, subject to the assumption that rapid vibrational redistribution occurs between each collision. As a result, initial conditions for each trajectory in a sequence are sampled from a microcanonical ensemble that is defined by the final energy and angular momentum of the previous trajectory. The application to He+CS2 leads to 〈ΔE〉’s that vary linearly with E over the entire energy range considered. The agreement of these 〈ΔE〉’s with measured values is good, but there is a qualitative difference in the E dependence of 〈ΔE〉 over part of the range of E’s. We also examine a second successive collision method that is more appropriate for high‐density gases in wh...
Fate of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist internalized by rat pituitary gonadotrophs.

The intracellular fate of a radiolabeled GnRH agonist ([D-Ala6]des-Gly10-GnRH ethylamide) taken up by rat pituitary gonadotrophs in vivo was determined by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography. Rats ovariectomized for 2 weeks were given intracarotid injections of the ligand, and pituitary glands were removed, counted, and processed for electron microscopic autoradiography at specific intervals thereafter. Uptake of the GnRH agonist by the pituitary was specific, since simultaneous administration of the radiolabeled peptide and a 200-fold excess of the unlabeled peptide inhibited binding by greater than 90%. A simple grain density (GD) analysis of autoradiograms revealed six cell compartments to be significantly labeled (GD > 1): plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, Golgi elements, nuclear membrane, and secretory granules. Four of these (plasma membrane, vesicles, lysosomes, and Golgi elements) showed distinct changes in the pattern of labeling with time: 5 min after the injection, the greates...
A13T Mutation in the Regulatory Light Chain Associated with Cardiac Hypertrophy Imposes Differences in Kinetics of Healthy and Diseased Ventricles

The effect of A13T (alanine to threonine) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) was examined in working ex-vivo myofibrils from the hearts of transgenic (Tg) mice. Myofibrillar actin was labeled with a fluorescent dye. A small volume within the I-band (?1 fL), containing on average 3-4 actin molecules, was observed by confocal microscopy. The myofibrils were cross-linked with EDC [1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl] carbodiimide] to prevent shortening during muscle contraction. Working myosin cross-bridges cause actin to undergo the cyclic fluctuations of orientation, which were measured by recording the polarization of fluorescent light emitted by the actin-bound fluorophore. The autocorrelation function of fluctuations of polarized fluorescence contains information about the kinetics of motion, which were found to be very different for left vs. right ventricles. The center of distribution of orientations of transition dipoles during contraction were very different for the Wild Type (WT) and mutated (MUT) ventricles, but their skewness and kurtosis were the same. The distribution of orientations measured in contracting WT myofibrils could be fitted by at least two Gaussians reflecting a pre- and post power stroke states of the myosin cross-bridges. However, the distribution of MUT myofibrils showed only one Gaussian relationship suggesting that the hypertrophic phenotype associated with the A13T-RLC mutation might be characterized by a loss of the pre-power stroke state.
Butyrate inhibits colon carcinoma cell growth through two distinct pathways.

Abstract Background: Dietary fiber and the resultant increase in colonic butyrate levels protect against colon carcinogenesis. Previous studies have shown that p21 and histone hyperacetylation are important in basal growth inhibition by butyrate. This study was designed to elucidate other mechanisms underlying the butyrate effects on cell growth. Methods: HT-29 colon carcinoma cells (standard medium or medium lacking serum) were treated with sodium butyrate (NaBu), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or both. Northern blot analyses were performed with cDNA probes specific for c- fos , c- jun , and actin. Cell growth was measured by 3 H-thymidine incorporation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify EGF receptor levels. Results: Butyrate and serum starvation (SS) both induced a cell cycle withdrawal by 24 hours. In response to EGF treatment, SS cells exhibited a growth spurt and induced c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogene expression, whereas butyrate-treated cells exhibited minimal growth response to EGF. This relative unresponsiveness to EGF in butyrate-treated cells corresponded to a dramatic decline in EGF receptor levels when compared to untreated controls. Conclusions: Butyrate appears to inhibit colon cancer cell growth by two mechanisms, one involving histone hyperacetylation and p21 induction and the other related to impaired EGF-responsiveness. (Surgery 1998;124:248-53.)
Spectral Analysis of the Primary Flight Focal Plane Arrays for the Thermal Infrared Sensor

Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) is a (1) New longwave infrared (10 - 12 micron) sensor for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission, (2) 185 km ground swath; 100 meter pixel size on ground, (3) Pushbroom sensor configuration. Issue of Calibration are: (1) Single detector -- only one calibration, (2) Multiple detectors - unique calibration for each detector -- leads to pixel-to-pixel artifacts. Objectives are: (1) Predict extent of residual striping when viewing a uniform blackbody target through various atmospheres, (2) Determine how different spectral shapes affect the derived surface temperature in a realistic synthetic scene.
Adaptive estimation of the polarization of a signal

The polarized component of a partially polarized wave may be suppressed by synthesizing the receiving antenna polarization appropriately. We evaluate the performance of a polarimetric signal suppression (or enhancement) strategy in which the desired polarization of the receiving antenna is adaptively estimated using a finite number of secondary vectors. The probability density function of the Stokes vector estimated from a set of secondary vectors is obtained for the case where the wave components along two orthogonal polarizations of each secondary vector ore modeled as complex, zero-mean, jointly Gaussian random variables. The density function is used to obtain confidence limits for the estimated direction of the Stokes vector and some implications to the problem of adaptive signal suppression (or enhancement) are indicated. >
Synthesis of Peptides Contahng Aminophosphonic Acids

Dipeptides containing C-terminal α-aminobenzylphosphonic acid were prepared in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. The synthesis of intermediates necessary for the preparation of peptides containing α-aminophosphonic acids is also discussed. Similarities and differences in coupling aminophosphonic and aminocarboxylic acids by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, acyl chlorides, and 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline are described.
Surface Functionalization of an Ovarian Cancer Diagnostic Biosensor

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women in United States and the disease has 1.4% (1 in 71) lifetime risk. Patients with ovarian cancer have a short median survival time after diagnosis with their 5-year survival rate being less than 40%. Early stage ovarian cancer represents an important target for screening since it is lethal in most late stage cases (1). Currently the primary screening procedure for ovarian cancer are blood levels of cancer antigen (CA) 125, however CA 125 levels can also be elevated due to other disorders and do not provide conclusive results (2). Utilizing the research done at the Cell and Molecular Biology department at the University of South Florida which conclusively revealed that urinary levels of bcl-2 are elevated in ovarian cancer patients (3), this research it the first of its kind looking to assess the capture of an analyte protein on a series of potential bioconjugated surfaces for use in a novel acoustic biosensor. Therefore, this research addresses the need for a reliable and economic testing platform to detect ovarian cancer.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The paradoxical use of cardiac catheterization in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: lessons from the Can Rapid Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC /AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background The long-term benefits of coronary revascularization are proportional to the severity of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to identify patients with a greater probability of severe CAD to target those who could receive the greatest benefit from revascularization. Methods We used multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations modeling to identify clinical factors associated with severe CAD in 83,490 patients, without prior bypass surgery, who underwent coronary angiography after presenting with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes enrolled in CRUSADE. We then compared actual patterns of cardiac catheterization use relative to patients' probability of severe CAD in those who underwent catheterization and those who did not. Results Independent factors associated with severe CAD included older age, male sex, diabetes, no prior percutaneous coronary intervention, signs or history of heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, ST-segment depression, and family history of CAD. Cardiac catheterization rates were inversely related to the probability of severe CAD as estimated by the model. Conclusions There is a misalignment in the use of cardiac catheterization in patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes relative to their predicted probability of severe CAD. The use of catheterization appears to target patients who would derive less benefit from revascularization. Further quality improvement efforts should promote appropriate use of cardiac catheterization procedures among patients with the greatest potential benefit.
Induced k efflux from cultured rose cells : effects of protein-synthesis inhibitors.

Inhibitors of translation, cycloheximide, emetine, and puromycin, and inhibitors of transcription, actinomycin D and cordycepin, stimulate a net efflux of K+ from cultured cells of Rosa damascena. In the case of cycloheximide and emetine, this efflux bears many similarities to the efflux induced by ultraviolet radiation, including a lag period of 0.25 to 2.5 hours and a limited total loss of K+. The efflux is transient, and continued incubation of cells with cycloheximide and emetine allows the cells to recover the K+; after this, the cells no longer release K+ in response to UV or to cycloheximide treatment. This suggests that the efflux process depends on continued protein synthesis. Other treatments such as cerulenin, low temperature (0°C), and high temperature (40°C) also inhibit the UV- and cycloheximide-induced K+ efflux, suggesting that the induction of efflux may involve the synthesis of new plasma membrane.
Four (2+1)-dimensional integrable extensions of the KdV equation: Multiple-soliton and multiple singular soliton solutions

In this work, four (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear completely integrable equations, generated by extending the KdV equation are developed. The necessary condition for the complete integrability of these equation are formally derived. Multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are determined to emphasize the compatability of these models. The dispersion relations of these models are characterized by distinct physical structures. The resonance phenomenon for these equations does not exist for any model.
Stress urinary incontinence in women.

Purpose To review and synthesize existing knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of stress urinary incontinence in women. Data Source Selected scientific literature. Conclusions Stress urinary incontinence is more than merely a symptom. Instead, it is a clinically relevant disease with adverse psychosocial and physical consequences. Evaluation begins with active screening and is followed by individualized assessment when urinary leakage is detected. Implications for Practice Traditional treatment modalities, including pelvic muscle rehabilitation, focus on behavioral strategies to reduce urine loss, and surgical correction of anatomic defects is completed in selected cases. Pharmacotherapeutic options have been limited, but one compound is undergoing clinical trials to determine whether it is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Intraoperative and Laparoscopic Ultrasound During Pancreatic Surgery

Within this chapter we explore the current uses of ultrasound in pancreatic surgery. The first section is dedicated to the discussion of proper preoperative patient setup, intraoperative ultrasound technology, normal anatomic findings, and general indications for use. The second portion of the chapter focuses on disease-specific indications and the ultrasonographic findings associated with these conditions. We conclude by briefly touching on emerging uses of IOUS in pancreatic surgery.
Helicobacter pylori urease is a potent stimulus of mononuclear phagocyte activation and inflammatory cytokine production.

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Helicobacter pylori surface proteins induce the production of proinflammatory mediators by mononuclear phagocytes, but the protein responsible for this stimulation has not been identified. This study determined whether urease, the major component of the soluble proteins extracted from H. pylori grown in culture, activates mononuclear phagocytes and stimulates them to produce proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS: Primary human blood monocytes were incubated with column-purified H. pylori urease and assayed by flow cytometry, Immunoassay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for phenotypic, functional, and molecular evidence of activation. RESULTS: H. pylori urease induced monocyte expression of surface interleukin 2 receptors and increased expression of HLA-DR, phenotypic changes consistent with activation. Urease also stimulated dose-dependent production of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha peptides and messenger RNA. These urease- induced phenotypic and functional changes were inhibited by preincubation of the urease with antisera to H. pylori whole bacteria, purified urease, or the 31-kilodalton subunit of urease. CONCLUSIONS: Among the soluble proteins released by H. pylori, urease is capable of activating monocytes for proinflammatory cytokines production. The local production of cytokines by urease-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes may play a central role in the development of H. pylori gastroduodenal inflammation. (Gastroenterology 1996 Aug;111(2):419-25)
Exploration of quantitative kinetic models for the evaporation of silicate melts in vacuum and in hydrogen

— Two basic approaches (pure component reference (PCR) and equilibrium reference (EQR)) to modeling silicate melt evaporation are explored. The PCR model calculates the maximum possible evaporation rates of the pure oxides from their equilibrium vapor pressures and rescales these rates according to the activities of the oxides in the silicate melts and the melt densities. The EQR model calculates the maximum possible evaporation rates based on the equilibrium vapor pressures of the melts. Differences between the calculated and experimentally determined evaporation rates are accounted for with evaporation (αevap) coefficients that are only dependent on temperature. Two versions of the PCR model, Cases 1 and 2, are explored to try to resolve apparently contradictory conclusions about the composition of the evaporating species based on Mg and Si isotope fractionation during evaporation (species are not in thermodynamic equilibrium proportions) and direct measurements of gas species in Langmuir experiments (species are in roughly equilibrium proportions). The Case 2 and EQR models cannot explain the observed isotope fractionations unless evaporation occurred under non-Rayleigh conditions, either because there was significant recondensation during the experiments or because diffusion was playing a limiting role. Whether or not the role of diffusion is included, the PCR and EQR models are able to reproduce the elemental results of evaporation experiments of “chondritic” melts from temperatures of 1700 to 2000 °C, and up to mass losses of about 95%. However, the models underestimate absolute evaporation rates in very Ca- and Al-rich melts. This may reflect errors in the model used to estimate oxide activities. The EQR model can only reproduce the observed evaporation behavior of Na if, unlike the other oxides, its αevap coefficient is close to unity. Based on available diffusion data, diffusion is not slow enough in “chondritic” or forsteritic melts to explain the isotopic fractionations of Mg and O in the evaporation experiments, but it may play a role in limiting Si isotope fractionation. Provided recondensation was not a significant factor in the experiments, at present PCR Case 1 appears to be the best model if both the Langmuir and the isotopic fractionation experiments are to be explained.
Mitochondrial versus nuclear admixture estimates demonstrate a past history of directional mating

Six blood group antigens (ABO, RH, MNS, KK, KP, FY) and five plasma proteins (HP, GC, APOA4, FXIIIB, C1R) were typed in 790 individuals, and 12 mtDNA RFLP and deletion polymorphisms were typed in 657 individuals from the San Luis Valley, Colorado. The 790 nuclear typings were conducted on 399 Anglos and 391 Hispanics, while the 657 mitochondrial haplotypes were generated from 207 Anglos and 450 Hispanics. Chakraborty's ADMIX2 FORTRAN program was used to estimate the average Amerindian admixture using all nuclear loci simultaneously. Since there is no recombination in mtDNA, the sum of the frequencies of the Amerindian/Asian-specific mitochondrial haplotypes represents the level of Amerindian admixture. The nuclear estimates of Amerindian admixture were 33.15 +/- 2.41% for the Hispanics and 9.72 +/- 1.90% for the Anglos, while the strictly maternally inherited mtDNA estimates of Amerindian admixture were 85.11% for the Hispanics and 0.97% for the Anglos. This dramatic difference in estimated levels of admixture between the biparentally derived nuclear estimates and the uniparentally derived mtDNA estimates is indicative of past directional matings between Hispanic males and Amerindian females.
Three-dimensional inverse modeling of the refractive heat-flow anomaly associated with salt diapirism

This article introduces a technique for three-dimensional inverse modeling of geothermal heat conduction through heterogeneous media. The technique is used to determine the basal geometry of a diapiric salt structure found on the continental slope offshore Texas. Salt is two to four times more thermally conductive than other sedimentary rocks. The geothermal field is perturbed by the presence of salt and results in an anomaly in the heat flow through the seafloor. The spatial variation pattern of the anomalous heat flow reflects the geometry of the salt body. The inverse modeling obtains a model for the thermal-conductivity structure that causes the heat-flow anomaly observed on the seafloor. The inversion algorithm systematically searches for an optimal thermal-conductivity model by iteratively minimizing the misfit between the model-predicted and the observed heat flow. To reduce the problem of nonuniqueness, the inversion incorporates a priori information constrained independently, such as the upper surface geometry of the salt and the lateral extent of the salt body, which can be delineated by a limited coverage of two-dimensional seismic data. In addition, it is assumed that the thermal conductivity of the sedimentary strata surrounding the salt body is well constrained. This inversion method is applied to a heat-flow data set obtained over a salt structure on the Texas continental slope. The salt structure was first surveyed with the single-channel seismic reflection, which yielded the a priori information necessary. The base of the salt was not imaged seismically. Then, three dozen heat-flow measurements were obtained on the seafloor over and off the salt feature. The inverse heat-flow modeling performed here shows that this structure is a salt tongue, which has a diapiric root on one side. According to the most optimal thermal-conductivity model obtained, the root seems to extend to 6 km below the seafloor. Refinement in the model geometry and additional constraints on thermal conductivities of the surrounding strata should yield a model that is more detailed and would allow more thorough geological interpretation of the salt structure.
A Finite Element Study on the Nanoindentation of Thin Films

Nanoindentation is a technique commonly used for measuring thin film mechanical properties such as hardness and stiffness. Typically, shallow indentations with contact depths less than 10-20% of the film thickness are used to ensure that measurements are not affected by the presence of the substrate. In this study, we have used the finite element method to investigate the effect of substrate and pile-up on hardness and stiffness measurements of thin film systems. We find that: i) for soft films on hard substrates, the hardness is independent of the substrate as long as the indentation depth is less than 50% of the film thickness; ii) as soon as the hardness exceeds that of the substrate, the substrate effect becomes significant, even for indentations as shallow as 5% of the film thickness; iii) if the film is at least 40 times harder than the substrate, the plastic zone is mostly confined to the substrate while the film conforms to the deformed substrate by bending. We define a substrate effect factor and construct a map that may be useful in the interpretation of indentation measurements on thin films. It is found that the yield stress mismatch is a key factor characterizing the hardness of thin film system, and the elastic mismatch is important when making stiffness measurements. The results obtained in this study are very useful when it is difficult to avoid the influence of the substrate on the measurements.
A Survey of Psychiatric Residency Directors on Current Priorities and Preparation for Public-Sector Care

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed how resident psychiatrists are being prepared to deliver effective public-sector care. METHODS: Ten leaders in psychiatric education and practice were interviewed about which tasks they consider to be essential for effective public-sector care. The leaders identified 16 tasks. Directors of all general psychiatry residency programs in the United States were then surveyed to determine how they rate the importance of these tasks for delivery of care and how their training program prepares residents to perform each task. RESULTS: A total of 114 of 150 residency directors (76 percent) responded to the survey. Factor analysis divided 14 of the tasks into three categories characterized by the extent to which their performance requires integration of services: within the mental health system (for example, lead a multidisciplinary team), across social service systems (for example, interact with staff of supportive housing programs), and across institutions with different missions (fo...
Multianalyte Quantification of Five Sesqui- and Ethyl Ether Oxy-Mustard Metabolites in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Sesqui- and oxy-mustards pose a significant threat to military forces and civilians because they are potent vesicants. We have developed an isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method utilizing negative ion multiple reaction monitoring for the analysis of sesqui-mustard metabolites bis(2-hydroxyethylthio)alkanes (n = 1-5) and oxy-mustard metabolite bis(2.hydroxyethylthioethyl)ether in human urine. Relative standard deviations were < 10% and the reportable limits of detection were 1 ng/mL in 0.5 mL of urine. We applied this method to 100 samples collected from individuals with no known exposure to sesqui- or oxy-mustards, and no urines showed detectable levels of any of the analytes, suggesting that these metabolites may be used for monitoring exposure to sesqui- and oxy-mustards.
Changed Women and Changed Organizations: Consequences of and Coping with Sexual Harassment

Abstract Sexual harassment has been conceptualized as a form of gender-based abuse which has significant effects on victims. This article reviews research on effects of harassment in three complementary areas. Work-related, psychological, and somatic effects of sexual harassment on women workers are reviewed, as are the impacts on the employing organization. The third part of the review deals with women victims′ responses to harassment and attempts to cope with harassment. The most frequently used attempts to cope may not be effective under certain circumstances. The available research has significant shortcomings and reveals important gaps. It yields a laundry list of effects and responses, but it does not allow us to specify conditions under which particular effects will occur or the factors that affect choice of response. Compared to other facets of sexual harassment, the topic of outcomes of harassment has generated relatively little interest among researchers. Reasons for the lack of research in this area are discussed.
Nonequilibrium transport and optical properties of model metal-Mott-insulator-metal heterostructures

Electronic properties of heterostructures in which a finite number of Mott-insulator layers are sandwiched by semi-infinite metallic leads are investigated by using the dynamical-mean-field method combined with the Keldysh Green's function technique to account for the finite bias voltage between the leads. Current across the junction is computed as a function of bias voltage. Electron spectral functions in the interacting region are shown to evolve by an applied bias voltage. This effect is measurable by photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Further predictions are made for the optical conductivity under a bias voltage as a possible tool to detect a deformed density of states. A general discussion of correlated-electron based heterostructures and future prospect is given.
FEMINIST BOUNDARIES IN THE FEMINIST-FRIENDLY ORGANIZATION: The Women's Caucus of ACT UP/LA

In this article, I argue that members of the Women's Caucus (WC) of ACT UP/LA (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power) formed a boundary between themselves and male members to increase the WC's power within the feminist-friendly organization. The WC's boundary-making strategies—formalizing women's space and reinscribing gender difference—combatted “slippage” of ACT UP/LA's focus away from women's issues precipated by men's greater numbers in the group. ACT UP/LA's feminist-friendly politics, legitimated WC efforts, and caused male members to defer to the WC; the WC became “official women,” gaining control over their agenda, over their participation within ACT UP/LA, and over male contributions to the WC itself. Boundary making had an unintended effect, compartmentalization, whereby women's issues became the sole responsibility of the WC. I conclude that the WC's boundary making in ACT UP/LA's feminist-friendly milieu was at once successful and problematic, and that the efforts of feminists in such organizations ...
Alternate-Day Statin Therapy for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

Objective:To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost of alternate-day statin therapy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Data Sources:Systematic searches were conducted for primary literature sources involving alternative statin regimens using PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (January 1966-March 2010). Articles selected were limited to those published in the English language. Reference citations from relevant publications identified were also reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All English-language articles identified were reviewed and 17 trials (14 prospective and 3 retrospective) involving alternate-day statin dosing were included. Studies involving alternative statin dosing regimens other than alternating days were excluded from this review.Data Synthesis:Daily administration of statins is the standard of therapy used to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels as well as atherosclerosis that may lead to coronary events. Through LDL-C l...
Efficient Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells via Ionomer Interfacial Engineering

The surface of the solution-processed methylammonium lead tri-iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite layer in perovskite hybrid solar cells (pero-HSCs) tends to become rough during operation, which inevitably leads to deterioration of the contact between the perovskite layer and the charge-extraction layers. Moreover, the low electrical conductivity of the electron extraction layer (EEL) gives rises to low electron collection efficiency and severe charge carrier recombination, resulting in energy loss during the charge-extraction and -transport processes, lowering the efficiency of pero-HSCs. To circumvent these problems, we utilize a solution-processed ultrathin layer of a ionomer, 4-lithium styrenesulfonic acid/styrene copolymer (LiSPS), to re-engineer the interface of CH3NH3PbI3 in planar heterojunction (PHJ) pero-HSCs. As a result, PHJ pero-HSCs are achieved with an increased photocurrent density of 20.90 mA cm−2, an enlarged fill factor of 77.80%, a corresponding enhanced power conversion efficiency of 13.83%, high reproducibility, and low photocurrent hysteresis. Further investigation into the optical and electrical properties and the thin-film morphologies of CH3NH3PbI3 with and without LiSPS, and the photophysics of the pero-HSCs with and without LiSPS are shown. These demonstrate that the high performance of the pero-HSCs incorporated with LiSPS can be attributed to the reduction in both the charge carrier recombination and leakage current, as well as more efficient charge carrier collection, filling of the perforations in CH3NH3PbI3, and a higher electrical conductivity of the LiSPS thin layer. These results demonstrate that our method provides a simple way to boost the efficiency of pero-HSCs.
Post-termination sexual boundary violations

In this essay, the author has focused on the rationale for an absolute prohibition of sexual contact between psychiatrists and former patients. The role of an ethics code is to proscribe professional misconduct that may have the potential to harm the patient. Because we know that in many cases of psychiatrist-patient sex there is serious exploitation of the patient's vulnerability, we have clear prohibitions against sexual relations between a current patient and his or her psychiatrist. The same considerations apply to former patients. The transference (and countertransference) feelings established in the relationship persist well beyond termination. Even in the absence of a treatment that acknowledges the existence of transference, a power differential is unmistakable because of the fiduciary nature of the relationship. Moreover, the therapeutic relationship is effective because it will never be anything but a treatment relationship. The possibility of a future sexual affair between psychiatrist and patient erodes the conditions necessary for effective psychiatric therapy. Finally, most patients will feel the need to return to treatment at some point in the future, and the psychiatrist needs to preserve that potential as part of the duty to the patient. For all of these reasons, the current position of the APA on an absolute prohibition against sex with former patients is a sound and sensible one.
Is APL a Programming Language

A Journal article entitled 'Is APL a viable programming language?' (Earnshaw, 1975), seemed to answer its question with a Yes. This article, written by an APL enthusiast, suggests the answer should have been No, not because APL is not viable, but because it is not a programming language. This suggestion is supported by an examination of what APL is, and of what programming is. The conclusion is drawn that programming, in the occupational sense, should be distinguished from calculation, and that APL is suited to calculation but not to programming. (Received December 1976)
Symbolic dynamic analysis of complex systems for anomaly detection

This paper presents a novel concept of anomaly detection in complex dynamical systems using tools of Symbolic Dynamics, Finite State Automata, and Pattern Recognition, where time-series data of the observed variables on the fast time-scale are analyzed at slow time-scale epochs for early detection of (possible) anomalies. The concept of anomaly detection in dynamical systems is elucidated based on experimental data that have been generated from an active electronic circuit with a slowly varying dissipation parameter.
VASCULITIS OWING TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE

The term drug dependence refers to psychic dependence (addiction), physical dependence, or both, in someone who administers a drug periodically or continously. 2 The drug may or may not be legally available. Most of the major categories of abused drugs (Table 1) are associated with stroke, occlusive and hemorrhagic, and a variety of mechanisms are implicated, including endocarditis, meningitis, foreign body embolism, accelerated atherosclerosis, platelet and coagulation factor abnormalities, hypertension, and cerebral vasospasm. 3,40 With some agents, stroke has been attributed to immune-mediated vasculitis.
Creating and Improving a Closed Loop: Design Optimization and Knowledge Discovery in Architecture

This paper presents computational methods for creating and improving a closed loop of design optimization and knowledge discovery in architecture. It first introduces a design knowledge-assisted optimization improvement method with the technique - offline simulation - to reduce the computing time and improve the efficiency of the design optimization process utilizing architectural domain knowledge. It then describes a new design knowledge discovery system where design knowledge can be discovered from optimization through an automatic data mining approach. The discovered knowledge has the potential to further help improve the efficiency of the optimization method, thus forming a closed loop of improving optimization and knowledge discovery. The demonstration and validation of both methods are presented in the context of a case study with parametric form-finding for a nursing unit design with two design objectives: minimizing the nurses’ travel distance and maximizing daylighting performance in patient rooms.
Tag Estimation in RFID Systems

This chapter studies the problem of periodically and automatically estimating the number of RFID tags. In a large RFID systems, active tags are likely to use due to their longer transmission distance. However, these battery-powered tags need to be recharged when they run out of energy. Recharging tens of thousands of tags is a laborious operation. Moreover, sometimes tagged products may be stacked up, which makes tags not easily accessible. To prolong the lifetime of tags and reduce the frequency of battery recharge, all functions that involve large-scale transmission by many tags should be energy-efficient. This chapter focuses on designing energy-efficient protocols for the estimation problems in large-scale RFID systems.
A Story of Two Transnationalisms: Global Salafi Jihad and Transnational Human Rights Mobilization in the Middle East and North Africa

Into the 1990s, Arab countries witnessed a rise in the number of terrorist attacks perpetrated by Islamist militants against governments, foreign targets, and citizens. In response to terrorism, governments throughout the Middle East and North Africa suppressed the civil and political rights of all citizens. This clampdown on civil society transpired on the heels of political reforms in several countries and coincided with the increasing integration of these states into international treaty regimes, signaling a willingness to comply with world standards on human rights. Engaging the literatures on terrorism, world polity, and social movements, I first analyze the relationship between political regime type and movement mobilization. Next I examine the impact of transnational terrorism on human rights mobilization. I use network analysis to show that, contrary to expectations of world polity theory and the boomerang hypothesis, activists' ties to the transnational rights network thinned over the same time p...
Calculated melting curves for phases of iron

We present a method by which the melting curves and corresponding densities along the liquidus of iron phases are calculated at high pressure. The melting curve of the e(hcp) iron phase is calculated from P = 0 to P = 330 GPa. The melting curve of the γ i (fcc) iron phase is calculated from P = 0 to P = 100 GPa. The point where these curves cross, near P = 50 GPa, is the location of the upper triple point on the melting curve. Our method combines the Lindemann melting equation with the Vinet isothermal equation of state. These equations are coupled by means of the Gruneisen parameter, γ, which is given by K ′ T (the pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus, K T ) of the equation of state. By this thermodynamic formalism, we find values of volume, V ; temperature, T ; and the Gruneisen parameter, γ, along the melting curve. This calculation requires the following thermal parameters: thermal expansivity, α v , at high T ; (∂ K T /∂ T ) P at high T ; the melting temperature, T m , at P = 0; q = (∂ln γ/∂ln ρ) T at high T ; and γ. The method also requires zero-pressure equation-of-state parameters: density, ρ, at T = 300 K; K T at T = 300 K; and (∂ K T /∂ P ) T at T = 300 K. Our results do not confirm or deny the existence of the recently proposed β phase. We demonstrate that with our existing knowledge the physical parameters of the β and e phases may be so close to each other that these two phases need not be considered separately in discussing the physics of iron at core P , T conditions. We find that one set of reasonable thermoelastic parameters of the e phase reproduces the melting temperature and density at pressures of 50 and 240 GPa. Further, these parameters give agreement with previous estimates of the melting temperature and density at 330 GPa.
Sigma-Delta-STAP: an efficient, affordable approach for clutter suppression

This chapter focuses on the adaptive clutter suppression with sum (Σ) beam and difference (Δ) beams. It is assumed for this chapter that the spatial adaptive presuppression of jammers has been applied as a necessary prior to STAP. The most important feature of ΣΔ-STAP stems from the fact that antenna engineers have excelled in the design of low-sidelobe ΣΔ-beams, whether it is for a phased array or reflector-feed antenna.In fact, analogue beamforming techniques for ΣΔ-beams are so well developed that the more expensive digital beamforming method for ΣΔ-beams does not seem necessary. In other words, STAP with ΣΔ-beams may well be an affordable approach to high-performance airborne surveillance radars.
Ca2+-ATPase Genes and Related Diseases

Transient and localized elevations in cytosolic calcium act as signals for diverse cellular events including muscle contraction, secretion, cell cycle control, fertilization, transcriptional activation, and the regulation of complex metabolic pathways. Calcium release channels mediate the rapid and downhill flow of calcium from extracellular and intracellular stores to trigger the se signaling events (Berridge et al. 2000). However, prolonged elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is unequivocally toxic and can lead to apoptosis. Therefore a critical prerequisite for all calcium signaling events is the return to submicromolar cytoplasmic calcium levels by an array of Ca2+-transporting ATPases located at the plasma membrane and various endomembranes of the cell (Figure 1). Proteins that modulate the activity of these transporters, as well as Ca2+-binding prot ein s that buffer cellular Ca2+, are also important in the control of cellular calcium.
Expanding the Supply of Pasteurized Donor Milk Understanding Why Peer-to-Peer Milk Sharers in the United States Do Not Donate to Milk Banks

Background:Lactating women in the United States have several options for what they do with excess breast milk, including donating to milk banks that serve medically fragile infants, sharing directl...
On feeding of Pholoe minuta (Fabricus, 1780) (Polychaeta:Sigalioinidae)

The food composition of Pholoe minuta, an infaunal polychaete, is described. Aquarium observations and analyses of gut contents and faeces show that the species is carnivorous. Most common prey organisms in the areas investigated are ‘sedentary’ polychaetes, in particular Prionospio sp., and small crustaceans. These are encountered whilst P. minuta moves through the sediment, and are attacked by eversion of the jaw-armed proboscis. The prey organisms are either swallowed whole or in part. A comparison of the food choice of two different size-classes is made. The food choice in a polluted area is also described.
Forest canopy hydraulics

Water and carbon cycles are strongly coordinated and water availability is a primary limiting factor in many terrestrial ecosystems. Photosynthesis requires sufficient water supply to leaves and constraints on delivery at any point in the hydraulic continuum can lead to stomatal closure and reduced photosynthesis. Thus, maximizing water transport enhances assimilation and can provide plants with a competitive advantage. Unregulated water transport, however, can lead to excessive gradients in xylem tension that result in the development of air or vapor bubbles (i.e. embolisms) that block xylem water transport, potentially leading to permanent loss of function of the xylem. As such there can be a tradeoff between maximizing water transport and minimizing the risk of xylem embolism. This tradeoff has led to the development of a variety of hydraulic mechanisms to maximize efficiency and reduce vulnerability. Although several of these were first described centuries ago (such as stomatal control of transpiration), research in this field continues to uncover previously unrecognized processes employed by plants for maintaining hydraulic safety and/or efficiency. The hydraulic traits described in this chapter include xylem structural characteristics that enhance resistance to embolism such as pit and cell wall architecture; a continuum of strategies for constraining xylem tension to avoid embolism including isohydric and anisohydric control of leaf water potential; and safety and recovery mechanisms such as the capacitive discharge of stored water, hydraulic “circuit breakers” and the ability to repair xylem embolisms. Each of these will be discussed in terms of the variation in their use by contrasting tree types, their variability across organs and species, and their plasticity across environmental gradients. Beyond providing information about the means by which trees currently compete and survive, understanding the hydraulic mechanisms described in this chapter may provide insight into ways that trees are affected by, and the degree to which they may acclimate to rapidly changing climatic conditions.