cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thallium Ingestion with Survival: Ineffectiveness of Peritoneal Dialysis and Potassium Chloride Diuresis

A 52-year-old man who ingested 20 g of thallium iodide and survived is reported. Therapy included gastrointestinal decontamination, peritoneal dialysis, and potassium chloride diuresis. Peritoneal dialysis removed 4% of the calculated ingested dose in a 24-h period and potassium chloride diuresis 2%, an insignificant amount in light of the ingested dose of thallium. The primary method of treatment of thallium poisoning remains prompt gastrointestinal decontamination.
Scalable Directory Services Using Proactivity

Common to computational grids and pervasive computing is the need for an expressive, efficient, and scalable directory service that provides information about objects in the environment. We argue that a directory interface that pushes information to clients about changes to objects can significantly improve scalability. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Proactive Directory Service (PDS). PDS interface supports a customizable proactive mode through which clients can subscribe to be notified about changes to their objects of interest. Clients can dynamically tune the detail and granularity of these notifications through filter functions instantiated at the server or at the objects owner, and by remotely tuning the functionality of those filters. We compare PDS performance against off-the-shelf implementations of DNS and the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Our evaluation results confirm the expected performance advantages of this approach and demonstrate that customized notification through filter functions can reduce bandwidth utilization while improving the performance of both clients and directory servers.
Thermally induced solid‐state polymerization in nylon 66

The thermally induced solid-state polymerization of 66 nylon was investigated. It was found that the rate-controlling step in the process is chemical reaction. A mechanism of the form, rate = ktn was shown to hold. The reaction rate constant was found to be k = 1.53 × 1010 exp [ − 12,960/RT]. Units of k are (hours)−0.51. Activation energy determined in this work compared closely to that determined for nylon 6 solid-state polymerization.
Anisotropic ultrasonic backscatter from the renal cortex.

We have demonstrated a significant, directionally dependent, anisotropic, echogenicity from the cor- tices of two sheep kidneys and a normal human cadaver kidney. The anisotropy corresponds to the relationship of the sound field to the medullary rays and interiohalar arteries. At 7.5 MHz, the hackscatter from specimens of cortex of a sheep kidney was 4.7 _+ .7 dB (mean + SEM) greater in parts of the cortex where the field was perpendicular to these structures as opposed to where it was parallel to them. In addition, we measured the angular distribution of this anisotropy and compared it to the 5 dB inclusion angle of the 5 MHz linear array that was used in measurements on the whole kidney specimens. The transducer inclusion angle was 10 ° + 2 °, while the angular distribution was 34 ° + 22 ° and 23 ° + 11 ° (mean + SD) for the intact sheep and human kidney, respectively, demonstrating some variation of the medullary rays from perfect specular reflectors. This anisot- ropy should be visible in standard diagnostic scanning, and its recognition could increase ultrasound's sensitivity for the detection of renal disease.
Federalism, Nationalism, and Democracy in America

The growth of the public sector in recent years has been accompanied by both centralization and decentralization. More important than any such shifts of power or function between levels of government, however, has been the emergence of new arenas of mutual influence among levels of government. In this way recent developments in intergovernmental relations are adding a new dimension to the national system of representation. That the federal division of powers should serve a representative function is entirely in accord with the original design. A look at this design in the light of the theory of its founders helps one perceive this distinctive purpose. Then as now American federalism was primarily an instrument of national democracy. Current American experience with this aspect of intergovernmental relations, moreover, suggests questions for comparative study of the contemporary welfare state.
Electrophilic abstractions on Os(H)2X(NO)L2: selective access to new unsaturated cationic Os(II) hydrides

Abstract Nitrosylation of Os(H) 3 ClL 2 (L = P 1 Pr 3 ) affords the known Os(H) 2 Cl(NO)L 2 ( 2 ). Soft electrophiles (Ag − , Na − ) react with complex 2 by chloride abstraction to ultimately yield truly 16-electron dihydride Os(H) 2 (NO)(P 1 Pr 3 ) 2 − ( 4a ), characterized by variable-temperature NMR. Complex 4a reversibly binds H 2 , forming Os(H) 2 (H 2 )(NO)(P 1 Pr 3 ) − with an unusually high barrier for intramolecular hydride exchange. Under kinetic conditions, protonation of 2 with strong acids follows the selectivity for chloride abstraction. Thermodynamically, protonation at the hydride is preferred, quantitatively producing cationic OsHCl(NO)L 2 + , isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction as the BAr 4 F− salt ( 7 ) (Ar F =3,5−(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ). Structures of isoelectronic OsHCl(NO)(PH 3 ) 2 and OsHCl(CO)(PH 3 ) 2 were optimized with ab initio DFT (Becke3LYP) methods and compared to show the greater unsaturation of the metal in the cationic species. Both complexes, 4a and 7 , are highly electrophilic and reversibly coordinate dichloromethane in solution. The observed reactivity patterns of the synthesized unsaturated hydrides are rationalized in terms of the determining influence of the ‘push-pull’ π-stabilization of the metal center.
Impact of Femoroacetabular Impingement Morphology on Gait Assessment in Symptomatic Patients.

Background:Gait is abnormal in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). To date, studies have not correlated radiographic FAI morphology with gait abnormalities.Hypothesis:Gait abnormaliti...
Whither International Martial Law? Human Rights as Sword and Shield in Ineffectively Governed Territory

This paper probes the bases and boundaries of IHL, HRL, sovereignty and self-defense to propose how contemporary international law could regulate responses to transnational armed attacks emanating from ineffectively governed territory. It offers and briefly outlines two concepts. The first is “transnational self-defense” by states against non-state actors, one distinct from and more permissive than the concept of self-defense that has developed between states. Specifically, it argues that the right of transnational self-defense must allow a potential victim state to counter a reasonably certain threat of an attack that will result in mass casualties when that state is also reasonably certain that the territorial state cannot or will not effectively do so. The second is somewhat of a hybrid IHL/HRL legal framework, here termed “international martial law.” The term “martial law” is not intended to evoke images of harsh military rule and perfunctory punishment, but rather of militarized law enforcement operations rendered necessary by the nature and gravity of a threat. It allows limited collective targeting, limited incommunicado investigatory detention, and a prohibition on collateral deaths of innocent civilians that are not strictly unavoidable. It shuns extraordinary courts and indefinite preventive detention. Both of these concepts represent a contextual balancing of obligations to protect and respect human rights and state sovereignty. A proper understanding of the traditional scope of customary and conventional IHL and HRL and a proper situating transnational armed attacks and responsive acts of self-defense in contemporary international law regulating the use of force not only allow for but arguably support these normative developments. Alternatively, these concepts could be based in HRL, including states’ affirmative human rights obligations and a broader understanding of permissible, non-arbitrary deprivations of life or liberty.
Real-Time TDDFT Studies of Exciton Decay and Transfer in Silver Nanowire Arrays

Understanding dynamical characteristics of excited electronic states is crucial for rational design of functional nanomaterials. Using real-time time-dependent density functional theory, we present a fully quantum mechanical study on the transfer and decay of an exciton in an archetypal metal nanostructure. We introduce several approaches to analyze the dipole moment’s time evolution to resolve exciton transfer rates and the pure dephasing times. These approaches are applied to studies of exciton diffusion length in a silver nanowire array. Calculated rates of polarization-induced transfer exhibit neither Forster’s “sixth-power” dependence on donor–acceptor distance nor the perfect exponential separation dependence that typifies the Dexter transfer mechanism, suggesting that the nonperturbative, ab initio quantum dynamics captures intricacies of exciton transfer between quantized nanosystems that are beyond the reach of the canonical models of electronic energy transfer.
The common neural basis of exerting self-control in multiple domains.

People regularly exert control over impulsive thoughts and behaviors in order to make appropriate decisions and take appropriate actions even when they are more di! cult or less pleasant than alternative choices. A common theme in mental illnesses characterized by impulsivity, such as ADHD and substance abuse, is an impaired self-control mechanism. " erefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying an intact control mechanism can not only shed light on how healthy people exert self-control over their thoughts and behaviors, but help us to understand what is impaired in patient populations as well. " e right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) is a region in the brain that is commonly activated when people are exerting many di# erent forms of self-control. It is noted that other prefrontal regions also consistently activated when one exerts self-control, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex, may be recruited for other task demands and not self-control speci$ cally. Although the right VLPFC has been linked to other functions as well, this review will focus on the hypothesized general role that it plays during acts of self-control. " ere are in$ nite manners in which one can exert self-control. We limit our discussion to six forms of conscious, explicit control that are commonly addressed in the literature: motor response inhibition, suppressing risky behavior, delaying grati$ cation, regulating emotion, memory inhibition, and thought suppression. First, we review the literature exploring the involvement of the right VLPFC in each type of self-control separately. Next, we explore the small amount of literature comparing di# erent forms of self-control to each other and discuss the possibility that these forms of self-control are related constructs. We also discuss the anatomical positioning of the right VLPFC and point out that it is well suited to serving a key role in exerting self-control. Finally, we conclude that although more direct research must be conducted before $ rm conclusions can be made, there is evidence that the right VLPFC is utilized when exerting self-control regardless of the speci$ c domain of control.
Effect of Tranquilization or Sedation on the Gait of Lame Horses

Many clinicians are reluctant to tranquilize or sedate a horse with a subtle lameness during the course of a lameness examination, because they believe this might make lameness less evident. Previous studies have found sedation or tranquilization did change the locomotion pattern, however they did not appear subjectively to decrease the degree of lameness. This study investigated the effects of sedation or tranquilization on gait of lame horses at frequent intervals over a 45 minute period of time to determine if a commonly administered sedative, detomidine HCL, or tranquilizer, acepromazine, had a significant effect on gait over a period of time that might correlate with time spent during a lameness examination that involved several diagnostic analgesic procedures. A wireless, inertial, sensor-based, motion analysis system was used to determine the degree of lameness with and without administration of detomidine or acepromazine. Based on the results of this study, intravenous administration of 10 mg acepromazine or 10 mg detomidine does not appear to affect the degree of lameness in horses.
Survey on Disinfection Quality in Nurseries and Kindergartens in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City from 2008 to 2010

[Objective]To analyze the surveillance status of disinfection in nurseries and kindergartens in Haizhu district of Guangzhou city from 2008 to 2010,provide the scientific basis for health management of nurseries and kindergartens. [Methods]According to the Regulation on disinfection management,Hygienic standard for disinfection in hospitals,Technical standard for disinfection and Guangdong technical scheme for disinfection quality monitoring in medical institutions and kindergartens,the monitoring data of 496 kindergartens in Haizhu district from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed. [Results]Among 12 375 samples,10 606 were qualified with the qualified rate of 85.71%.The qualified rate of in-use disinfectants was the highest,that of ultraviolet radiation intensity was the lowest,and the difference was statistically significant. [Conclusion]In order to ensure the healthy growth of children,it is necessary to strengthen the disinfection quality in nurseries and kindergartens.
Application of Circulator/Isolator in Microwave Communication

The position and function of circulator/isolator in modern microwave communication are overviewed. The application and market in mobile communication and relay communication are introduced emphatically.
Design and Experience of the Clinic Queuing and Calling System Based on .Net Multi-thread Technology

This paper introduces an optimized clinic queuing and calling system.The queuing and calling system tightly-coupled with HIS was developed base on Microsoft's.Net platform's multi-thread technology.This system reduces the waiting time and optimized the treatment process.And it improves the management level of hospital..
Effect of applicating the sheet to turn over the critically illed patients

Objective to explore the effect of the sheet applied to turn over the critically illed patients.Methods a total of 167 patients in ICU and emergency were randomly devided into two groups,with 92 cases in the observation group and 75 cases in control group.Patients in the control group was turned over with homemade sheet,while their counterparts in the observation group was turned over with traditional hand turning method,then compare the time of turning over the patients,the labor intensity of the nurses and the incidence of skin injuries in patients.Results the time used in turning over the patients was shortened in the control group(P0.000),compared to the observation group,the labor intensity of nurses also decreased(P0.000),besides,the incidence of skin injuries in the observation group was 26.7% while there is no happens in the control group.Conclusions the homemade sheet can not only alleviate he labor intensity of nurses but also can promote the work efficiency,in addition,the homemade sheet method can also keep the sheet clean and increase the comfort and safety of the patients.
Permanent molar extraction in correcting the posterior arch width disharmonious

Objective:To discuss treatment effect of the method which extracting permanent molar to correct the posterior arch width disharmonious.Method:7 cases with skeletal class III malocclusion and whole arch overbite were designed molar extraction.3 males,4 females,aged 15～25 years,with an average age of 17.5 years.In seven cases two had the mandibular first molar extracted(most carious crown),five had the mandibular second molars extracted,correspondingly removed their maxillary second or third molars.All cases were treated with straight wire appliance.Correction for the longest time were 28 months and the shortest 12 months,an average of 18 months.Result:All patients at the end of treatment had established a neutral molar relationship and normal overbite overjet,two cases required follow-up observation of the third molar eruption and the construction of the bite.Conclusion:Design choosed extracting molars has shown to be an effective way to correct the posterior arch width disharmonious.
Redefining Disaster Preparedness Institutional Contradictions and Praxis in Volunteer Responder Organizing

The utility of disaster preparation efforts involving volunteers is axiomatic, but a poor understanding of volunteer responder organizing may waste volunteer effort or, worse, endanger response. Ef...
Automated incident management for a platform-as-a-service cloud

Cloud-based offerings such as Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), are being delivered by various vendors at highly competitive prices to encourage a paradigm shift to utility computing. To optimize the operational costs of managing an IBM Cloud-based PaaS offering, a two-pronged approach has been adopted: simplification of enterprise-class data center management processes currently used in IBM's Global Services Strategic Outsourcing accounts, and automation of the simplified processes. This paper describes a framework that the authors have developed to deliver an integrated monitoring and event correlation system, and an event-driven Automated Incident Management System, for IBM's Smart Business Dev/Test Cloud offering.
Biomolecular and clinical characteristics of PSA and other candidate prostate tumor markers

Three new potential biomarkers--PAC, PMA, and the 7E11-C5 glycoprotein--have been identified. All three have unique features that could augment current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Some of the important characteristics of these potential markers are summarized in Table 1. Further studies will be required to determine if any of them will provide clinical information beyond that provided by PSA and if they will have a significant impact on the management of patients with prostate cancer. The MAb 7E11-C5 (CYT-356), now in clinical trials, promises to offer new strategies for radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy of prostate cancer.
A Computational Drug Repositioning Approach for Targeting Oncogenic Transcription Factors

Mutations in transcription factor (TF) genes are frequently observed in tumors, often leading to aberrant transcriptional activity. Unfortunately, TFs are often considered undruggable due to the absence of targetable enzymatic activity. To address this problem, we developed CRAFTT, a computational drug-repositioning approach for targeting TF activity. CRAFTT combines ChIP-seq with drug-induced expression profiling to identify small molecules that can specifically perturb TF activity. Application to ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets revealed known drug-TF interactions, and a global drug-protein network analysis supported these predictions. Application of CRAFTT to ERG, a pro-invasive, frequently overexpressed oncogenic TF, predicted that dexamethasone would inhibit ERG activity. Dexamethasone significantly decreased cell invasion and migration in an ERG-dependent manner. Furthermore, analysis of electronic medical record data indicates a protective role for dexamethasone against prostate cancer. Altogether, our method provides a broadly applicable strategy for identifying drugs that specifically modulate TF activity.
Perceived Influence of Cooperating Teachers on edTPA Performance

The Education Teaching Performance Assessment (edTPA) is a performance assessment of teacher effectiveness that is increasingly used to make decisions about licensure for teacher candidates, including candidates seeking certification in world languages. Because of the high-stakes nature of this assessment, it is important to isolate and better understand the factors that may have an effect on teacher candidates' scores. This mixed-methods study examined the results of a survey of 22 recent teacher candidates who completed the edTPA and of participant interviews with 13 of those candidates. Candidates' interview data were triangulated with data obtained from interviews with six cooperating teachers (CTs), survey data from seven CTs, and teacher candidates' scores on the edTPA. Teacher candidates perceived that aspects of their placement, including the amount of guidance provided by their CT, had an impact on their edTPA performance, particularly in the areas of target language use and communicative vs. grammar-based approaches.
What do utilities measure

Quality of life is at once a simple yet very complex paradigm, with philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, economists, theologians, clinicians, and lay persons all having different conceptualizations.1-4 Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can be thought of as 1 aspect or domain of quality of life, and it too has its own conceptualizations. There are numerous HRQOL instruments in existence,5 emanating from 2 fundamentally different approaches: health status measurement and value/preference/ utility assessment. (Value/preference/utility measures are sometimes referred to synonymously as HRQOL measures, as are health status measures, but here I prefer to use HRQOL in the more general sense, to include both health status and value/preference/ utility measures.) In general, health status measures describe a person's functioning in 1 or more domains (eg, physical functioning and mental health). Currently, one of the most commonly used health status instruments is the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36,6 a 36-item measure that encompasses 8 domains: physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality (energy and fatigue), pain, and general health perceptions, each of which is scored separately from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) Value/preference/utility measures, in contrast, assess the value or desirability of a state of health against an external metric.7-9 Here, the most common instruments are the standard reference gamble, time tradeoff, and rating scale.9-12 The standard gamble, the most orthodox utility measure, determines the risk of (usually) death that one would be willing to take to improve a state of health. The time tradeoff technique asks how many months or years of life one would be willing
TU-H-CAMPUS-TeP2-02: FLASH Irradiation Improves the Therapeutic Index Following GI Tract Irradiation.

Purpose: To investigate and characterize the radiobiological effectiveness of very high dose rate radiotherapy (FLASH) compared to conventional irradiation in an in vivo model. Methods: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with doses ranging between 10 and 18 Gy using a custom stereotactic jig. A Varian Clinac 21EX was modified to allow dose rates ranging from 0.05 to 240 Gy/s at the position of the mirror. With the gantry at 180 degrees, the jig holding the individual animals was placed above the mirror to take advantage of the reduced source to target distance. Mice were irradiated with 20MeV electrons. Following irradiation, the mice were monitored twice daily for morbidity and daily for weight changes. Results: Mice irradiated with FLASH irradiation had lower weight loss compared to the mice receiving conventional irradiation. Following FLASH irradiation, a maximum weight loss of ∼20% was observed at day 6 with subsequent recovery, while following conventional irradiation, higher weight losses was observed with fewer instances of recovery. Concerning survival, all mice in the conventionally irradiated groups had a 100% mortality in the range of 15.5–18 Gy, while the mice irradiated with FLASH irradiation had a 100% survival in the same range. Conclusion: These results have demonstrated proof of principle that FLASH irradiations have a dramatic impact on the overall survival of mice following GI tract irradiations. If the increase in the therapeutic window can be validated and understood, this would revolutionize the field of radiation oncology and lead to increased cure rates with reduced side effects following treatment, resulting in increased quality of life for cancer survivors. Funding: DoD, Award#:W81XWH-14-1-0014, Weston Havens Foundation, Bio-X (Stanford University), the Office of the Dean of the Medical School, the Office of the Provost (Stanford University), and the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation; BL and PM are founders of TibaRay,Inc.; BL and PM have received research grants from Varian and RaySearch Laboratory.
Volatile particles measured by vapor-particle separator

Abstract Vapor-Particle Separator (VPS) is a new technology developed for characterization of the volatile fraction of particulate matter in a combustion aerosol population. VPS incorporates a novel metallic membrane and operates in a cross-flow filtration mode for separation of vapor and solid (i.e. non-volatile) particles. Demonstration of the VPS technology on aircraft engine-emitted particles has led to the improvement of the technology and increased confidence on the robustness of its field performance. In this study, the performance of the VPS was evaluated against the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) volatile particle remover (VPR), a standardized device used in heavy duty diesel engines for separation and characterization of non-volatile particulate matter. Using tetracontane particles in the laboratory reveals that the VPS performed reasonably well in removing the volatile species. In the field conditions, a single-mode particle size distribution was found for emitted particles from a T63 turboshaft engine at both idle and cruise engine power conditions. Removal of the volatile T63 engine particles by the VPS was consistent with that of PMP VPR. In tests on an F117 turbofan engine, the size distribution at the idle (4% rated) engine power condition was found to be bimodal, with the first mode consisting of particles smaller than 10 nm, which are believed to be mostly semi-volatile particles, while the second mode of larger size was a mixture of semi-volatile and non-volatile particles. The distribution was single modal at the 33% rated engine power with no secondary mode observed. Overall, for particles emitted by both engines, the removal efficiency of the VPS appears to surpass that of the PMP VPR by 8-10%. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ).
Risk Assessment for Children Exposed to Beach Sands Impacted by Oil Spill Chemicals

Due to changes in the drilling industry, oil spills are impacting large expanses of coastlines, thereby increasing the potential for people to come in contact with oil spill chemicals. The objective of this manuscript was to evaluate the health risk to children who potentially contact beach sands impacted by oil spill chemicals from the Deepwater Horizon disaster. To identify chemicals of concern, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) monitoring data collected during and immediately after the spill were evaluated. This dataset was supplemented with measurements from beach sands and tar balls collected five years after the spill. Of interest is that metals in the sediments were observed at similar levels between the two sampling periods; some differences were observed for metals levels in tar balls. Although PAHs were not observed five years later, there is evidence of weathered-oil oxidative by-products. Comparing chemical concentration data to baseline soil risk levels, three metals (As, Ba, and V) and four PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) were found to exceed guideline levels prompting a risk assessment. For acute or sub-chronic exposures, hazard quotients, computed by estimating average expected contact behavior, showed no adverse potential health effects. For cancer, computations using 95% upper confidence limits for contaminant concentrations showed extremely low increased risk in the 10−6 range for oral and dermal exposure from arsenic in sediments and from dermal exposure from benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene in weathered oil. Overall, results suggest that health risks are extremely low, given the limitations of available data. Limitations of this study are associated with the lack of toxicological data for dispersants and oil-spill degradation products. We also recommend studies to collect quantitative information about children’s beach play habits, which are necessary to more accurately assess exposure scenarios and health risks.
What Is the Best Treatment for Perthes’ Disease?

There are few more enigmatic conditions than Perthes’ disease. The aetiology, mechanisms and optimal treatments all remain the source of controversy. The wide variety of available treatments provides the clearest demonstration of the uncertainty amongst clinicians treating the disease. Treatment regimens vary considerably from years of not weight bearing, to months of abduction cast treatment, to femoral and pelvic surgical procedures, to observation alone without any specific intervention. The orthopaedic community has little understanding of how treatment influences the natural history of this disease. This review considers the best available evidence, to formulate an evidence-based approach.
Disaggregated Streamflow Approach for Improving Water-Quality Modeling

AbstractTraditional hydrologic models employ a rainfall-runoff modeling approach in which the accuracy of the results is largely dependent upon the ability to minimize the temporal and spatial erro...
Promoting and Evaluating Evidence-Based Telepsychology Interventions: Lessons Learned from the University of Kentucky Telepsychology Lab

This chapter describes how both authors became interested in telepsychology research and offers an overview and insights from projects that have been conducted in the University of Kentucky Telepsychology Lab. Projects include a focus on the use of videoconference and telephonic technology to deliver a group-based parenting program, the use of videoconferencing to provide supervision to doctoral psychology trainees, and an evaluation of how empathic accuracy and the therapeutic alliance are influenced by technology formats. Lastly, the authors share the opportunities and challenges of starting a telepsychology in pursuit of establishing an evidence base for the delivery of telepsychology services.
Insertion of inter-domain linkers improves expression and bioactivity of Zygote arrest (Zar) fusion proteins.

Developmentally important proteins that are crucial for fertilization and embryogenesis are synthesized through highly regulated translation of maternal mRNA. The Zygote arrest proteins, Zar1 and Zar2, are crucial for embryogenesis and have been implicated in binding mRNA and repressing mRNA translation. To investigate Zar1 and Zar2, the full-length proteins had been fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or MS2 protein tags with minimal inter-domain linkers derived from multiple cloning sites; however, these fusion proteins expressed poorly and/or lacked robust function. Here, we tested the effect of inserting additional linkers between the fusion domains. Three linkers were tested, each 17 amino acids long with different physical and chemical properties: flexible hydrophilic, rigid extended or rigid helical. In the presence of any of the three linkers, GST-Zar1 and GST-Zar2 had fewer breakdown products. Moreover, in the presence of any of the linkers, MS2-Zar1 was expressed to higher levels, and in dual luciferase tethered assays, both MS2-Zar1 and MS2-Zar2 repressed luciferase translation to a greater extent. These data suggest that for Zar fusion proteins, increasing the length of linkers, regardless of their physical or chemical properties, improves stability, expression and bioactivity.
Comparing herbaceous plant communities in active and passive riparian restoration

Understanding the efficacy of passive (reduction or cessation of environmental stress) and active (typically involving planting or seeding) restoration strategies is important for the design of successful revegetation of degraded riparian habitat, but studies explicitly comparing restoration outcomes are uncommon. We sampled the understory herbaceous plant community of 103 riparian sites varying in age since restoration (0 to 39 years) and revegetation technique (active, passive, or none) to compare the utility of different approaches on restoration success across sites. We found that landform type, percent shade, and summer flow helped explain differences in the understory functional community across all sites. In passively restored sites, grass and forb cover and richness were inversely related to site age, but in actively restored sites forb cover and richness were inversely related to site age. Native cover and richness were lower with passive restoration compared to active restoration. Invasive species cover and richness were not significantly different across sites. Although some of our results suggest that active restoration would best enhance native species in degraded riparian areas, this work also highlights some of the context-dependency that has been found to mediate restoration outcomes. For example, since the effects of passive restoration can be quite rapid, this approach might be more useful than active restoration in situations where rapid dominance of pioneer species is required to arrest major soil loss through erosion. As a result, we caution against labeling one restoration technique as better than another. Managers should identify ideal restoration outcomes in the context of historic and current site characteristics (as well as a range of acceptable alternative states) and choose restoration approaches that best facilitate the achievement of revegetation goals.
Coulomb Stress Interactions during the Mw 5.8 Pawnee Sequence

ABSTRACT We investigate the stress interaction between the Watchorn, Labette, and Sooner Lake fault systems and the effect of precursory activities on the 3 September 2016 M w 5.8 Pawnee earthquake. We obtain fault‐plane solutions for earthquakes with sufficient azimuthal coverage using the HASH algorithm, and then perform coulomb stress analysis on both seismogenic faults and individual nodal planes. Our results found that the three M w ≥3.0 foreshocks exerted a cumulative coulomb stress change increase of 0.68–1.98 bars at the mainshock hypocenter and also promoted failure for most aftershocks within 2 km of the mainshock. The coulomb stress change of 5 bars exerted by the mainshock also promoted failure for most aftershocks within the conjugate fault system. The results suggest that earthquake interaction should be fully considered in hazard assessment for induced seismicity.
Genetic adaptation to historical pathogen burdens

Historical pathogen burdens are examined as possible triggers for genetic adaptation. Evidence of adaptation emerges for the acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 (IL10 ), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms, along with a measure of heterozygosity over 783 alleles. Results are robust to controlling for the physical and historical environment humans faced, and to endogeneity of the historical pathogen burden measure. The present study represents a proof-of-concept which may pave the way to the analysis of future aggregate measures coming from whole-genome sequencing/genotyping data.
Bi-component T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Mapping of Skeletal Muscle In-Vivo.

The goal of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of bi-component T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping of human skeletal muscle at 3 T in clinically feasible scan times. T1ρ- and T2-weighted images of calf muscle were acquired using a modified 3D-SPGR sequence on a standard 3 T clinical MRI scanner. The mono- and biexponential models were fitted pixel-wise to the series of T1ρ and T2 weighted images. The biexponential decay of T1ρ and T2 relaxations was detected in ~30% and ~40% of the pixels across all volunteers, respectively. Monoexponential and bi-exponential short and long T1ρ relaxation times were estimated to be 26.9 ms, 4.6 ms (fraction 22%) and 33.2 ms (fraction: 78%), respectively. Similarly, the mono- and bi-exponential short and long T2 relaxation times were 24.7 ms, 4.2 ms (fraction 15%) and 30.4 ms (fraction 85%) respectively. The experiments had good repeatability with RMSCV 60%. This approach could potentially be used in exercise intervention studies or in studies of inflammatory myopathies or muscle fibrosis, permitting greater sensitivity and specificity via measurement of different water compartments and their fractions.
Impact of ACA Health Reforms for People With Mental Health Conditions

Objective:This brief report explores the impact of health reform for people with mental illness.Methods:The Health Reform Monitoring Survey was used to examine health insurance, access to care, and employment for 1,550 people with mental health conditions pre- and postimplementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and by state Medicaid expansion status. Multivariate logistic regressions with predictive margins were used.Results:Post-ACA reforms, people with mental health conditions were less likely to be uninsured (5% versus 13%; t=−6.89, df=50, p<.001) and to report unmet need due to cost of mental health care (17% versus 21%; t=−3.16, df=50, p=.002) and any health services (46% versus 51%; t=−3.71, df=50, p<.001), and they were more likely to report a usual source of care (82% versus 76%; t=3.11, df=50, p=.002). These effects were experienced in both Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states.Conclusions:Findings underscore the importance of ACA improvements in the quality of health insurance coverage.
Speech sound characteristics of early words: influence of phonological factors across vocabulary development.

This study investigates whether the earliest words children choose to say are mainly words containing sounds they can produce (cf. ‘phonological dominance’ hypotheses), or whether children choose words without regard to their phonological characteristics (cf. ‘lexical dominance’ hypotheses). Phonological properties of words in spontaneous speech from six children age 0;8 to 2;11 were analyzed by comparing sound distributions of consonant place and manner. Word-initial and word-final consonant patterns in children's Word Targets versus Actual Word Forms were analyzed as a function of vocabulary size. Word-initial results showed more overall evidence for phonological dominance. In word-final position, at lower vocabulary sizes, results showed several differences between Word Targets and Actual Word Forms, consistent with lexical dominance. These findings challenge an ‘either–or’ phonological versus lexical dominance approach, and support consideration of a multifactorial set of influences, including different phonological dimensions and word positions, on the words that young children choose to say.
Mechanomyography for Intraoperative Assessment of Cortical Breach During Instrumented Spine Surgery

Objective We sought to determine the utility of mechanomyography (MMG) in detecting and preventing pedicle breach in instrumented lumbar spine surgery. Methods In a prospective nonrandomized trial without controls, we selected consecutive patients to undergo intraoperative MMG during instrumented lumbar spine surgery. MMG testing was performed at the original pilot hole, after tapping, and after screw placement, with the minimum current to elicit a recorded MMG response. All patients underwent a postoperative computed tomography scan, and a single radiologist interpreted each pedicle to identify breach. Chi-square test was used to compare patients with and without breaches. Two sample Student's t-tests were used to compare changes in functional outcomes. Sensitivity and specificity of MMG were computed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results There were 122 consecutive instrumented lumbar surgery patients enrolled, with a total of 890 lumbar pedicle screws tested with MMG. The medial or inferior breach rate was 2.25%, with no statistically significant difference in Oswestry Disability Index or visual analog scale between patients who breached and who did not. For the MMG measurement from the original pilot hole, the area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.835; the maximum combination of sensitivity (80.42%) and specificity (80.6%) was found using MMG current ≤12 mA. We found that an MMG cutoff of >12 mA resulted in a 99.5% likelihood of no medial or inferior breach. Conclusions MMG can be safely used during instrumented lumbar spine surgery. A cutoff value of >12 mA for MMG can accurately predict and prevent medial and inferior pedicle screw breach.
Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortical Alterations in PTSD: Structural and Functional Evidence:

BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have revealed that disturbances in network organization of key brain regions may underlie cognitive and emotional dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)....
Bursting Intermitiency and Microwave Popcorn: Comments on the “Reporting Out” of Neuron-Like Firing Behavior

Patterns of intermittency dominate information transport mechanisms in neural and neuroendocrine systems. The statistical coding and realizations of these patterns, therefore, continue to challenge theoretical and mathematical biology. The intermittent bursting pattern of “pop”-like sounds heard during microelectrode studies of sequences of action potentials in single neurons (intracellularly recorded) and clusters of neurons (extracellularly recorded) when they are auditorily monitored are similar to those made by microwave popcorn as it is being popped. This inspired a study of the potential information transport properties, the “reporting out” of experimental conditions by microwave popcorn as an intermittent system. Salt concentration was of particular interest.
Revision anatomic shoulder arthroplasty with posterior capsular plication for correction of posterior instability.

Background:Revision of failed anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty is a challenging procedure. Restoring adequate soft tissue balance in the revision setting can be particularly...
Genetic analysis reveals candidate genes for activity QTL in the blind Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus.

Animal models provide useful tools for exploring the genetic basis of morphological, physiological and behavioral phenotypes. Cave-adapted species are particularly powerful models for a broad array of phenotypic changes with evolutionary, developmental and clinical relevance. Here, we explored the genetic underpinnings of previously characterized differences in locomotor activity patterns between the surface-dwelling and Pachon cave-dwelling populations of Astyanax mexicanus. We identified multiple novel QTL underlying patterns in overall levels of activity (velocity), as well as spatial tank use (time spent near the top or bottom of the tank). Further, we demonstrated that different regions of the genome mediate distinct patterns in velocity and tank usage. We interrogated eight genomic intervals underlying these activity QTL distributed across six linkage groups. In addition, we employed transcriptomic data and draft genomic resources to generate and evaluate a list of 36 potential candidate genes. Interestingly, our data support the candidacy of a number of genes, but do not suggest that differences in the patterns of behavior observed here are the result of alterations to certain candidate genes described in other species (e.g., teleost multiple tissue opsins, melanopsins or members of the core circadian clockwork). This study expands our knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying activity differences in surface and cavefish. Future studies will help define the role of specific genes in shaping complex behavioral phenotypes in Astyanax and other vertebrate taxa.
Cutaneous Complications in Recipients of Lung Transplants: A Pictorial Review

Lung transplant is now an established modality for a broad spectrum of end-stage pulmonary diseases. According to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry, more than 50,000 lung transplants have been performed worldwide, with nearly 11,000 recipients of lung transplants alive in the United States. With the increasing use of lung transplant, pulmonologists must be cognizant of the common as well as the unique posttransplant dermatologic complications. Immunosuppression, infections, and a variety of medications and environmental exposures can contribute to these complications. This review aims to provide representative pictures and describe the pathogenesis, epidemiologic characteristics, and clinical manifestations of dermatologic complications encountered among recipients of lung transplants.
The Law of Nations and the Constitution: An Early Modern Perspective

Many American scholars, lawyers, and judges born in the latter half of the twentieth century have found it difficult to comprehend, or even recognize, the Founding generation’s commitment to the law of nations as a system of law, jurisprudence, and morality. Perhaps for similar reasons, that commitment tends to get lost in much modern historical writing. So, too, with respect to a related, but, from a legal perspective, more consequential aspect of the Founding: the prominent place of the law of nations in the constitutional reform project that culminated in the Philadelphia Convention. It was the uncertain struggle to ensure that the United States complied with its (or their) treaty obligations and the law of nations that was arguably the most important, and the most consensual, reason for the drafting and ratification of the new Constitution. That imperative shaped the structure outlined in the text, as well as much of the way that judges, executive officials, and even legislators interpreted and administered the Constitution during the first generation of the federal government. The result was a government designed to interact productively with the law of nations. Some of those interpretations, and some aspects of federal administration, became enormously controversial and generated early partisan divisions. But the basic premise—that the law of nations was the law of the land—proved durable, creating a tradition of international “law- mindedness” that deserves more historical investigation than it has so far received. The result is not just a scholarly lacunae. Among many lawyers today, the Founders’ conception of the central position of the law of nations in the American legal order is even less appreciated than their cosmopolitan outlook. In offering a corrective to this forgetfulness, Professors Anthony Bellia and Bradford Clark, in The Law of Nations and the United States Constitution, make an important contribution to the ongoing dialogue over the Founding. Nonetheless, in our view, the legal theory that Professors Bellia and Clark offer downplays, misses, or misunderstands crucial features of the pertinent history, especially why and how the Founders struggled to interweave the law of nations into the Constitution. These errors and elisions are important, in part for purely academic reasons, bearing on the extent to which their approach accurately portrays a foundational period in U.S. constitutional history. They are also important, however, because they lead Professors Bellia and Clark to reach some sound, but also some unsound, conclusions about important issues of constitutional law.