cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposal of SDMA configuration adopting directivity and polarization control

In this paper, a new SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) configuration is proposed in which the number of multitudes of SDMA can be increased by using dual polarization antennas at both the smart antenna base stations and the mobile terminals. In the proposed configuration, the smart antennas at the base stations constantly monitor the mutual correlations between the mobile terminals at the time of reception. Then, the polarization (vertical or horizontal) to be transmitted by each mobile terminal is determined in such a way that the mutual correlation between the mobile terminals connected at the same time is minimized. The mobile terminal used in the proposed system has a configuration in which the antennas with vertical and horizontal polarizations can be switched for transmission. Transmission is carried out with the polarization specified by the base station. The proposed configuration is expected not only to improve spatial division capability of SDMA by the smart antenna base station with vertical and horizontal polarizations but also to compensate the deterioration of the transmission quality along with the increase of multiplicity of SDMA by means of the switching configuration of the transmission polarization of the mobile terminal while the interference between the mobile terminals is taken into account. The proposed configuration can be applied to the uplinks in the TDD or FDD channels. By means of the numerical simulation, the basic characteristics of the proposed configuration are clarified in the case where the cross polarization discrimination (XPD) and the number of mobile terminals vary. In this way, it is demonstrated that the mobile terminal discrimination capability is improved over the conventional SDMA with the vertical polarization and the system is useful for increased multiplicity of SDMA. Further, the propagation characteristics (amplitude and phase) of the vertical and horizontal polarizations are obtained when the base station antenna and the mobile terminal antenna are placed on a steel tower and on a vehicle, respectively. The characteristics of the proposed configuration are presented where several mobile terminals exist. Usefulness of the proposed configuration in an actual environment for increased multiplicity of SDMA is presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(2): 33–45, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20287
The role of wear in the failure of common tribosystems

Abstract The causes of failure of common tribosystems such as bearings, gears, brakes, seals and cams are reviewed in this paper and it is shown that wear, in particular sliding wear, is an important factor in those failures. It is further shown how surface analytical techniques can help in the diagnosis of failure through wear and in the search for possible remedies to prevent the onset of failure in tribosystems known to be susceptible to wear.
Differentiated NSC-34 cells as an in vitro Cell Model for VX

AbstractThe US military has placed major emphasis on developing therapeutics against nerve agents (NA). Current efforts are hindered by the lack of effective in vitro cellular models to aid in the preliminary screening of potential candidate drugs/antidotes. The development of an in vitro cellular model to aid in discovering new NA therapeutics would be highly beneficial. In this regard, we have examined the response of a differentiated hybrid neuronal cell line, NSC-34, to the NA VX. VX-induced apoptosis of differentiated NSC-34 cells was measured by monitoring the changes in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity post-exposure. Differentiated NSC-34 cells showed an increase in caspase-3 activity in a manner dependent on both time (17–23 h post-exposure) and dose (10–100 nM). The maximal increase in caspase-3 activity was found to be at 20-h post-exposure. Caspase-9 activity was also measured in response to VX and was found to be elevated at all concentrations (10–100 nM) tested. VX-induced cell death was also...
The NPOESS Preparatory Project Science Data Segment: Brief Overview

The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) provides remotely-sensed land, ocean, atmospheric, ozone, and sounder data that will serve the meteorological and global climate change scientific communities while also providing risk reduction for the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), the U.S. Government's future low-Earth orbiting satellite system monitoring global weather and environmental conditions. NPOESS is a joint mission of three federal agencies, NASA, NOAA, and DoD. NASA's primary science role in NPP is to independently assess the quality of the NPP science and environmental data records for climate research. Such assessment is critical for making NPOESS products the best that they can be for operational use and ultimately for climate studies. The Science Data Segment (SDS) supports science assessment by assuring the timely provision of NPP data to NASA's science teams organized by climate measurement themes. The SDS breaks down into nine major elements, an input element that receives data from the operational agencies and acts as a buffer, a calibration analysis element, five elements devoted to measurement based quality assessment, an element used to test algorithmic improvements, and an element that provides overall science direction. This paper will describe how the NPP SDS will leverage on NASA experience to provide a mission-reliable research capability for science assessment of NPP derived measurements.
Social Change Through Issue Advertising

Mr. Zeigler, a Director of the Center for Issue Advertising in New York, a television and feature film producer, advertising art director and copywriter, teaches a workshop at the New School for Social Research in Manhattan called “Social Change Through Issue Advertising.” The class functions as a miniature advertising agency for interest groups whose objectives coincide with the workshop's: the defense of an individual's right to his life, health and properly through legislative changes. Recognizing the power of advertising to educate and persuade, Mr. Zeigler believes the shortest distance to meaningful social change may be along Madison Avenue. The following is from an interview with him.
Computer-aided design of fiber reinforced polymer composite products

In this paper, a procedure is developed to design fiber reinforced polymer composite products to meet a set of target properties. This procedure is formulated as a two stage optimization problem. In the first stage, a solution is developed to the problem of finding the optimum fabric architecture, fiber volume fractions and matrix elastic properties of the composite using a composite property prediction tool. In the second stage, the matrix elastic properties, obtained from the first stage, combined with other matrix physical properties are used as target properties to design the polymer that forms the matrix of the composite. A computer-aided molecular design approach is used in this design step. A case study for the design of a chemical storage tank is included to illustrate the efficacy of the design procedure.
Molecular mechanisms of cataractogenesis: IV. Evidence of phospholipid . malondialdehyde adduct in human senile cataract.

Abstract Lipid extracts of the human cataractous and normal lenses were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using a solvent system consisting of CHCl 3 /CH 3 OH/CH 3 COOH/H 2 O (50:25:7:3 by vol.). A novel phospholipid having a R f intermediate between phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl serine (PS) was detected besides the four major phospholipids viz., PE, PS, phosphatidyl choline (PC) and sphingomyelin (SP). The novel phospholipid was found to be molybdenum positive and ninhydrin negative having a characteristic fluorescence of Schiff-base conjugate formed between PE, malondialdehyde (MDA) and PS. It was possible to resolve this adduct into PE and PS after acid hydrolysis using two dimensional TLC with CHCl 3 /CH 3 OH/NH 3 (7 M) (65:25:4 by vol.) as the second solvent. In cataract PE · MDA · PS adduct increased significantly as did diene conjugates and MDA. In plasma membrane lipid extract of cataractous lenses there was a marked increase in fluorescence at 460 nm when excited at 365 nm showing a characteristic fluorescence of a typical Schiff-base conjugate. The evidence suggests that peroxidation of lenticular plasma membrane lipids is one of the molecular mechanisms involved in cataract in the human.
SU-FF-I-62: Radiation Risks to Patients with Suspected PE Undergoing Chest CT and V/Q Scans

Purpose. To compare the risks of radiation induced cancer to patients with a suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) undergoing chest CT scans with those of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) nuclear medicine scans. Method. We determined absorbed doses to eight radiosensitive organs in adult male and female patients with ages that ranged from 20 to 80. Organ doses for a chest CT scan were determined for a Sensation 64 scanner operated at 120 kV (DLP 190 mGy‐cm) using the ImPACT spreadsheet. Corresponding doses were obtained for ventilation study (110 MBq 99mTc labeled DTPA aerosol) and a perfusion study (370 MBq 99mTc labeled MAA) using ICRP organ dose per unit administered conversion coefficients. Organ doses were converted into lifetime attributable risk factors provided by BEIR VII. Results. In 40 year old patients, cancer incidence rates in CT were 26 and 53 per 100,000 for males and females respectively. Corresponding cancer incidence rates in ventilation studies were 7 per 100,000 (males) and 9 per 100,000 (females), and in perfusion studies were 33 per 100,000 (males) and 68 per 100,000 (females). When averaged over all ages and sexes, the average cancer mortality rate was 67%. Reducing the patient age to 20 years increased the patient risk by an average of 51%, whereas increasing patient age to 80 reduced the cancer risk by an average 69%. For CT and perfusion studies, the highest risks were for the lung whereas for ventilation studies, the highest risk from irradiation of the bladder. Conclusion.Cancer radiation risks depend much more on patient demographics than on the choice of imaging modality (i.e., CT vs V/Q).
Measurement of Dielectric Properties and Determination of Microwave Emissivity of Polluted Waters

The dielectric properties of polluted waters are measured with a reflection-type resonant cavity at 1.43 GHz. Very small water samples in quartz tubes of known volume are placed in the center of the maximum electric field. Measurement of the resonance-frequency variation and a change of the cavity's quality factor are used to determine the dielectric properties. The microwave emissivity of the polluted water is then calculated via the Fresnel equation and applied to data reductions of microwave radiometer measurements.
Closed form solution for acoustic wave equation between two parallel plates using Euler–Maclaurin sum formula

Abstract The Euler–Maclaurin sum formula is applied to the infinite series of images in the Green function for acoustic wave propagation between two perfectly reflecting parallel plates. The major part of the series is represented with an integral representation by the formula. The formula also provides a reminder. An approximate closed form solution is obtained for the Green function, including both an exact major part and an approximate remainder. It is applied to the transient response for an exponentially decaying point acoustic source located between the plates. For a specific numerical example, the approximate closed form solution is compared to infinite series summation.
Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Study of Flavodoxin from Peptostreptococcus Elsdenii

The proton electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) of the semiquinone of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii flavodoxin has been studied at – 155°. Studies with flavodoxin derivatives in which the natural coenzyme has been replaced by C(8)CD3,C(9)D, C(6,9)D2, and iso-FMN2 have made it possible to unequivocally assign the ENDOR lines to C(8)CH3 and C(6)H.
Determination of fat and water content in vitro and in vivo by proton nuclear magnetic resonance

Proton NMR spectroscopy was performed on a series of pork samples containing varying proportions of fat and muscle and on a series of control and obese mice. Initial measurements were made using a 0.5 T (21 MHz) whole body imaging system and the results were expressed as the ratio of water and lipid hydrogen peak areas. With pork samples the NMR results correlated well with per cent water or lipid in the tissue (r = 0.99 for 20- and 50-g samples). For the mice the correlation between per cent water or lipid in the body and the NMR measurement was 0.92. Subsequent measurements were made using a 4.7 T (200 MHz) imaging/spectrometer from which separate integral values were obtained for the water and lipid hydrogen peaks. The separation of the water and lipid peaks was 3.5 ppm. For pork samples measured with the 4.7 T system the correlation between the peak area and the amount of water or lipid in the sample was 0.997 with the standard error of the estimate being ±0.72 g for water and ±1.00g for lipid. NMR imaging was used to determine the relative amount of fat and muscle in a cross-section of a control and an obese rat.
Simulation of complex nonlinear elastic bodies using lattice deformers

Lattice deformers are a popular option for modeling the behavior of elastic bodies as they avoid the need for conforming mesh generation, and their regular structure offers significant opportunities for performance optimizations. Our work expands the scope of current lattice-based elastic deformers, adding support for a number of important simulation features. We accommodate complex nonlinear, optionally anisotropic materials while using an economical one-point quadrature scheme. Our formulation fully accommodates near-incompressibility by enforcing accurate nonlinear constraints, supports implicit integration for large time steps, and is not susceptible to locking or poor conditioning of the discrete equations. Additionally, we increase the accuracy of our solver by employing a novel high-order quadrature scheme on lattice cells overlapping with the model boundary, which are treated at sub-cell precision. Finally, we detail how this accurate boundary treatment can be implemented at a minimal computational premium over the cost of a voxel-accurate discretization. We demonstrate our method in the simulation of complex musculoskeletal human models.
Assessment of Alane as a hydrogen storage media for portable fuel cell power sources

Abstract Aluminum hydride (AlH3), often referred to as Alane, is examined as a hydrogen storage media for fuel cell-based portable power applications. The hydrogen storage capacity and thermally activated dehydrogenation of Alane makes it a candidate as a hydrogen storage material for portable fuel cell systems. In this study, Alane is found to provide a high gravimetric and volumetric energy density for portable power applications; however, there are significant challenges that must be addressed. These challenges include proper thermal control of the Alane dehydrogenation, fuel utilization and storage/treatment of excess hydrogen, and most importantly safety measures to prevent failure from an over-pressurization caused by excess hydrogen.
Space-charge controlled fast electron beam pulsing

The generation of fast electron beam pulses by voltages in the range of 1 V is presented. Two emission mechanisms are described, where the one which utilizes thermal electron confinement in the proximity of a sharp filament proves to be more advantageous. We have observed pulsewidth of 5 ns, limited only by our recording instruments. Due to the superb optical quality and tunability, this electron beam modulation mechanism can find applications in time-resolved diffraction/imaging, microwave system, time-of-flight spectrometer, and electron beam lithography.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Brain

Twenty-five years ago I was taking a required class in neuropsychology. We had been introduced to the amazing structure and functions of the brain. During the very last class session, exams complet...
Low-level toluene disrupts auditory function in guinea pigs.

Toluene appears to have adverse effects on the human auditory system, but it is difficult to estimate its potency since it is commonly present in the workplace in combination with noise exposure; workplace noise exposures are often highly variable. Studies designed to assess toluene ototoxicity specifically have been limited to high-dose studies in a single laboratory animal model, the rat. Here permanent hearing loss has been observed at concentrations of 1000 ppm toluene and greater after inhalation exposure for 5 days, 6 h/day. The OSHA threshold limit value for toluene is only 100 ppm. The current study focuses on the onset of toluene ototoxicity acutely in the guinea pig and in adducing a mechanism of effect. In this study, evidence is presented for the impairment of auditory function by toluene in the guinea pig, at a concentration substantially lower than that used for studying permanent impairment in the rat. The impaired function was correlated with reduced energy metabolism in outer hair cells. Assessment of auditory function was made using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) with subsequent measurement of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining density in hair cells using surface preparations. Temporary disruption of auditory function in guinea pigs is seen in subjects exposed to 250, 500, and 1000 ppm toluene for 8 h/day, 5 day/week for 1 and 4 weeks. Concentrations as low as 250 ppm toluene were able to disrupt auditory function acutely in the guinea pig, and 500 and 1000 ppm toluene produced greater acute dysfunction. SDH staining suggests that reduced enzyme activity in the midfrequency region of the cochlea occurs acutely following toluene exposure. Although the auditory dysfunction progressed between 1 and 4 weeks of exposure, a permanent loss did not develop for these subjects and hair cell death was not seen. The current study identifies early evidence of auditory system impairment in the guinea pig at low toluene concentration and evidence for impairment of energy production in hair cells. While even a transient auditory impairment has implications for workplace safety, additional study on the transition from such acute effects to permanent impairment is essential.
A new map of crustal ‘terranes’ in the United States from COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling

A new map has been constructed to summarize major, systematic variations in seismic reflection character observed by over 10000 km of COCORP profiling in the US. Among the seismic characteristics represented on this map are: crustal scale detachments, which can be traced as relatively low-angle reflectors over large areas; deeply penetrating, dipping reflection zones, some of which mark major shear zones, perhaps even crustal sutures; Moho reflectivity, which appears to vary from craton to Phanerozoic periphery; seismic transparency which can sometimes be interpreted as geologic «homogeneity»; seismic layering, prominent in the lower crust in many areas and now known to dominate the upper basement in other regions; and unusually strong reflections, or bright spots, at mid-crustal levels that may mark deep crustal fluids
Implicit Consumer Collusion in Auctions on the Internet

Most consumer-to-consumer Internet auctions are isomorphic to the English auction. Bids in these auctions are visible to all participants, and prices are always ascending. The success of these auctions have puzzled auction theorists because many of the procedures used in these auctions encourage collusion among buyers that leads to lower revenues for the seller and sometimes lower allocative efficiency of the auction outcomes. Using the institutional analysis approach and results from experiments, this paper attempts to explain why open ascending auctions have dominated the Internet auction landscape even though they might not be the most profitable alternative for sellers. Estimates of efficiency losses in these auctions due to implicit collusion among consumers are also provided.
Highlights from the second annual Cancer Cytogenomics Microarray Consortium (CCMC) meeting

Cancer Genetics is privileged to publish the abstracts from the second annual meeting of the Cancer Cytogenomics Microarray Consortium (CCMC) held August 8 and 9, 2011 in Chicago, Illinois. The CCMC was incorporated as a non-profit organization in 2010. The elected board of directors includes four officers and six board members who oversee six subcommittees related to the use of genomic microarrays in cancer. There are currently 250 members from 150 academic institutions and commercial entities who subscribe to the CCMC listserve and are regularly invited to participate in CCMC activities. The current goals of the CCMC are to evaluate array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based oligonucleotide arrays for diagnostic use in the cancer setting; to share microarray data among participating members of the consortium; to carry out platform-neutral, multi-center translational studies, and to share results with the cytogenomics community, through publications and creation of databases. The program from this meeting included two keynote speakers, oral presentations of invited abstracts, a panel discussion and committee reports. The meeting was highly rewarding for all who attended, and the small informal setting was ideal for discussions among presenters and attendees. The first invited keynote speaker was Dr. Elaine Mardis, Professor ofGenetics andCo-director of TheGenome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Mardis’ presentation, entitled “Tumor evolution by deep digital sequencing”, provided a glimpse into the future of cancer diagnostics, when each tumor and matched normal specimen will be analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Dr. Mardis and others have convincingly demonstrated that data fromWGS can provide information on disease state, risk, and response to therapy. In the future, the expectation is that the nucleotide sequence will be analyzed in conjunction with assays that assess epigenetic or post-translational modifications that affect transcription and expression at the RNA and protein levels.
Social Class, Sense of Control, and Social Explanation

Lower social class is associated with diminished resources and perceived subordinate rank. On the basis of this analysis, the authors predicted that social class would be closely associated with a reduced sense of personal control and that this association would explain why lower class individuals favor contextual over dispositional explanations of social events. Across 4 studies, lower social class individuals, as measured by subjective socioeconomic status (SES), endorsed contextual explanations of economic trends, broad social outcomes, and emotion. Across studies, the sense of control mediated the relation between subjective SES and contextual explanations, and this association was independent of objective SES, ethnicity, political ideology, and self-serving biases. Finally, experimentally inducing a higher sense of control attenuated the tendency for lower subjective SES individuals to make more contextual explanations (Study 4). Implications for future research on social class as well as theoretical distinctions between objective SES and subjective SES are discussed.
Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants

Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants used in a variety of consumer products. In the past 25 years, PBDEs have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They have been detected in soil, air, sediments, birds, marine species, fish, house dust, and human tissues, blood and breast milk. Diet and house dust appear to be the major sources of PBDE exposure in the general population, though occupational exposure can also occur. Levels of PBDEs in human tissues are particularly high in North America, compared to Asian and European countries, and have been increasing in the past 30 years. Concentrations of PBDEs are particularly high in breast milk, resulting in high exposure of infants. In addition, for toddlers, dust has been estimated to account for a large percentage of exposure. PBDEs can also cross the placenta, as they have been detected in fetal blood and liver. Tetra-, penta- and hexaBDEs are most commonly present in human tissues. The current greatest concern for potential adverse effects of PBDEs relates to their developmental neurotoxicity. Pre- or postnatal exposure of mice or rats to various PBDEs has been shown to cause long-lasting changes in spontaneous motor activity, mostly characterized as hyperactivity or decreased habituation, and to disrupt performance in learning and memory tests. While a reduction in circulating thyroid hormone (T4) may contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of PBDEs, direct effects on the developing brain have also been reported. Among these, PBDEs have been shown to affect signal transduction pathways and to cause oxidative stress. Levels of PBDEs causing developmental neurotoxicity in animals are not much dissimilar from levels found in highly exposed infants and toddlers.
An active antenna phased array Doppler radar with tracking capability

A simple Doppler radar with tracking capability has been implemented using the active antenna concept. The performance of the radar has been measured and found to be reasonable. If the free-running oscillating signals and the injection signal can be synchronized to produce an FM signal, the antenna main beam will be maintained at broadside and the system is then capable of ranging as well.
Understanding Leadership: The Followers' Influence on Leader Effectiveness

Much of our understanding of leadership theory comes from an almost exclusive focus on leaders, while treating follower behaviors as outputs. By limiting the examination of the influence of followe...
21.1: Advanced Discharge Cell Design with CEL Realizing Very High Contrast over 20000:1

A new cell structure has been developed to realize very high darkroom contrast ratio. Crystal Emissive Layer (CEL) is added on the phosphor layers, in addition to that on the MgO layer. As this structure enables stable and very low luminance reset discharge, high contrast ratio over 20000:1 has been achieved in new Pioneer's PDP “KURO”.
Pb5(Ge,Si)3O11 Ferroelectrics

The compound Pb5Ge3O11 is an optically active ferroelectric with a transition temperature near 177°C. Solid solutions containing up to 62% Si replacing Ge were prepared from the melt. Increasing the Si content lowers the melting point, Curie point, and coercive field. Permittivity measurements on single crystals indicate a simple second-order phase change.
Normal Developmental Changes in Inferior Frontal Gray Matter Are Associated with Improvement in Phonological Processing: A Longitudinal MRI Analysis

This study asked whether previously identified developmental changes in the gray matter of the left inferior frontal gyrus are associated with maturation of a linguistic skill. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether thickening of this region was correlated with developmental improvements in phonological processing but not hand motor skills in a unique longitudinal data set of 45 normally developing children (between ages 5 and 11 years) studied over a 2-year interval. We analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging data using cortical pattern matching methods and correlated within-individual changes in cortical thickness with 2 neurocognitive scores. As predicted, gray matter thickening in the left inferior frontal cortex was associated with improving phonological processing scores but not with improving hand motor skills. By contrast, motor skill improvement was associated with thinning in the hand region of the left motor cortex, and cortical change in this region was not associated with phonological processing. This study illustrates a specific correspondence between regional gray matter thickness change and language skill change in normally developing children.
Corn Yield Response to Nitrogen Rate and Timing in Sandy Irrigated Soils

yield response to N fertilizer is important in providing effective N management recommendations over a wide Efficient use of N fertilizer for corn (Zea mays L.) production range of soil–climate conditions, minimizing the potenis important for maximizing economic return and minimizing NO3
Pulse design in UWB communications using Nyquist criterion

In this paper, we propose a flexible pulse design scheme that can be applied to ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse shaping. We employ the Nyquist criterion for the design of band-limited signals for no inter-symbol interference. The roll-off factor is applied to the UWB emission power mask. We obtain the transmit power that satisfies the UWB emission power mask as a function of the roll-off factor. We show that the transmit power gradually decreases as the roll-off factor increases. On the other hand the pulse ringing power decreases rapidly at low values of the roll-off factor.
Recent Advances in the Discovery and Development of Plant-derived Chemotherapeutic Agents

Plants have long served as traditional herbal medicines, and natural products make excellent leads for new drug development. New plant-derived medicines can come from three sources: single active principles, active fractions, and validated prescriptions. Conventionally, for single active compounds, lead discovery and drug development involve highly efficient bio- activity-directed fractionation and isolation (BDFI) coupled with structural characterization, analog synthesis, and mechanism of action studies. Today, new scientific technologies, includ- ing tissue culture and biological screening methods, continue to improve this process. For multi-component herbal prescriptions, standardization and quality control, including GAP (Good Agricultural Practice), GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and GCP (Good Clinical Practice), must be performed to guarantee high quality and consistency. In addition, reliable chemical, pharmacological, as well as drug administration, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxi- cological (ADMET) studies are needed to validate herbal efficacy and safety. This talk will discuss the principles listed above, particularly focusing on the successful development of anti- cancer and anti-HIV clinical trials candidates from numerous bioactive compounds discovered in the author's Natural Products Laboratory. Continued exploration of under -investigated plant species should guarantee bright prospects for sustained discovery and development of new medicines for this century.
Achieving Systems-Based Sustained Recovery: A Comprehensive Model for Collegiate Recovery Communities

ABSTRACT The Center for the Study of Addiction and Recovery (CSAR) (a Center within the College of Human Sciences at Texas Tech University, TTU), has developed a comprehensive Collegiate Recovery Community (CRC). This community provides a model of support and relapse prevention for college students recovering from addictive behaviors—primarily alcohol/drug addiction. This model is specifically targeted for implementation in the college/university setting and has been used at TTU for 20 years. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the literature related to substance use among college-aged individuals, discuss the challenges of recovery within this population, describe existing collegiate programs, and provide an extensive description of the CRC model. The CRC model specifically incorporates recovery support, access to higher education/educational support, peer support, family support, and community support/service in an effort to help individuals attain what we describe as systems-based sustained ...
An Autopolyploidy-Based Genetic Algorithm for Enhanced Evolution of Linear Polyfractal Arrays

There has been considerable recent interest in techniques for the optimization of large-N antenna arrays. Unfortunately, the successful development of such techniques has been hindered by the large number of independent parameters that must be optimized and the complexity of the calculations needed for the electromagnetic evaluation of large-N arrays. One promising new design methodology for large-N arrays which has recently been introduced is based on properties of a subset of fractal-random arrays called polyfractal arrays. Polyfractal arrays have many embedded self-similar structures, thereby allowing very large and seemingly complex array layouts to be described with only a small set of independent parameters. In addition, by effectively utilizing the self-similarity of polyfractal arrays, a considerable reduction can be achieved in the amount of time required to evaluate the radiation patterns of large-N arrays. This paper introduces a type of nature-based design process that applies a specially formulated genetic algorithm (GA) technique to evolve optimal polyfractal array layouts. The most unique aspect of this optimization technique is a new autopolyploidy-based chromosome expansion that maximizes the efficiency of the GAs. Simple polyfractal geometries are used in the initial stage or first epoch of the optimization because the number of independent parameters is small and the computation times are relatively fast. After the optimization converges for the first epoch, more complicated descriptions of these polyfractal arrays are introduced to provide additional independent parameters for the optimizer as it progresses through later epochs of evolution. This process has been shown to be very effective in creating optimized large-N arrays, the largest example considered here being a 1616-element linear array with a -24.30-dB sidelobe level and a 0.056deg half-power beamwidth
MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX RESPONSES OF INDIVIDUAL MOTONEURONS

Individual motoneuron responses to a variety of afferent inputs have been examined. At a given input some motoneurons respond to every trial, some to no trial, and some respond to a certain percentage of trials that is characteristic for the motoneuron at that input. The performance of a motoneuron is expressed by means of a firing index that relates the number of responses to the number of trials. In a representative assemblage of individual motoneurons some 20 to 30 per cent display intermediate firing indices. This number, comprising an "intermediate zone" remains fairly constant at different levels of input although the individuals within it may be entirely different at two different levels of input. Frequency distribution of individuals with respect to firing indices is U-shaped. Intermediacy of firing indices depends upon temporal fluctuation of excitability which, in the first approximation, is normal. The individual motoneurons are approximately equally frequently distributed with respect to transmitter potentiality of their monosynaptic reflex afferent connections. The distribution of motoneurons with respect to transmitter potentiality of their monosynaptic reflex connections is considered representative of a natural pool in that the sum of their individual post-tetanic response behaviors accurately reproduces the course of post-tetanic potentiation in a natural pool.
Shape-controlled carbon nanotube architectures for thermal management in aerospace applications

Efficient structural design and thermal management for aerospace structures demand next-generation lightweight thermally conductive and mechanically robust materials to withstand high-velocity impacts and distribute localized heat fluxes from spacecraft components. Notwithstanding the excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), bulk CNT-based composites suffer from CNT anisotropy and high interjunction resistance. We provide a brief overview of scalable methods that can tune electrical and thermal connectivity in bulk CNT composites by tuning CNT shape, intertubular bonding, and packing density. These scalable production methods are posited to open new avenues for incorporating CNTs into thermal interface materials, structural reinforcement, and auxiliary power units in the form of energy-storage devices, especially for use in aerospace applications.
Transient Response Characteristics of Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Sensors

Suggestions have been made to include sensor platforms capable of detecting potential bleed air contamination events on aircraft to protect the health and safety of passengers and crew. Detecting carbon monoxide in the bleed air system or the aircraft cabin itself may be one indicator of a contamination event since many of the suspected contaminants evolve carbon monoxide at the elevated temperatures seen in the compressor stages of the engine. Because the levels of carbon monoxide are not expected to reach steady state during a contamination event, it is important to understand the transient response of carbon monoxide sensors. Several electrochemical carbon monoxide sensors were tested in a chamber designed to provide an almost instantaneous gas concentration change. The sensors were evaluated for response time, accuracy and the minimum levels of carbon monoxide that could be detected. The sensors' linear response may allow for qualitative estimation of a steady state concentration using the slope of the response even when steady state is not reached.
Hispanic Minority College Students at Selective Colleges: What Matters with Degree Completion?.

Hispanic college enrollment in 2011 surpassed all other minority groups. However, Hispanic graduation rates continue to lag. This study examines background, academic integration, social integration...
Rectilinear six-dimensional ionization cooling channel for a muon collider: A theoretical and numerical study

Numerical end-to-end simulations and analytical calculations validate a novel ionization-cooling channel of simple geometry.
Influence of DC Operation Voltage on the Initiation and Propagation Characteristics of Upward Leader from Transmission Lines Under Lightning

When analyzing the propagation process of upward leader,many numerical models take the influence of DC operation voltage(DCOV) into consideration to some extent;however,this consideration is mainly based on the breakdown voltage of rod-conductor gap or theories of thermodynamics and electromagnetism,and lacks direct evidences from actual experiments.Thus,we investigated the influence of DCOV on the initiation and propagation characteristics of upward leader from transmission lines through experiments carried out at the Ultra High Voltage laboratory in Kunming,China.In order to simulate the circumstance for the initiation and propagation of upward leader,a 7 m long air gap which combined plane-rod(PR) electrode with conductor was used.A negative 200/2 000 μs impulse voltage up to 4 MV and a positive DC voltage up to 800 kV was applied to the electrode and the conductor,respectively.The whole process of upward leader progressing was observed using a high speed camera that had a photographing speed up to 1 000 000 frame/s;meanwhile,a current measuring instrument with its frequency response of 0~6.5 MHz was developed and used to measure the current of leader.According to results of several hundred times of experiments,compared with the conductor in the absence of voltage,the upward leader incepted about 21 μs earlier and propagated about 0.3 cm/μs faster when 500 kV positive DCOV was applied.The results reveal that positive DCOV is favorable for upward leaders propagating in negative lightning circumstance.Furthermore,the shielding failure process was simulated and tested,and the earlier inception time and faster velocity of upward leader from conductor with DCOV could be found compared with those of the upward leader from ground wire.The results suggest that the striking distance of conductor will increase when a voltage with the opposite polarity of lightning is applied to,leading to easier occurrence of the lightning attachment to transmission conductors and increase in the possibility of shielding failure.
Ferritin Encapsulation and Templated Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles

Understanding how inorganic nanoparticles interact with proteins is paramount to their safe and effective use in vivo. Ordered protein-inorganic nanomaterial assemblies will also enable the creation of patterned structures with useful physical properties. Thermophilic ferritin (tF) from Archaeoglobus fulgidus has unique structural features and self-assembly properties that facilitate stable but also reversible interaction with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this chapter we describe how to express and purify tF and induce its assembly around AuNPs. We also describe methods for characterizing the tF-AuNP complex as well as templating NP growth within the protein cavity.
Bulk Conductivity of the Square Lattice for Complex Volume Fraction

The bulk conductivity σ * (p) of the bond lattice in ℤ d is considered, where the conductivity of the bonds is 1 with probability p or ϵ ≥ 0 with probability 1 - p. The behavior of σ*(p) for complex p is investigated numerically and analytically. We find numerical evidence that the phase transition occurring at the percolation threshold p c is characterized by a domain “splitting,” where σ *(p) = 0 in a region containing (0,p c ] while σ *(p) ≠ 0 in a region containing (p c , 1]. Furthermore, the loss of analyticity at p c does not appear to arise from a “pinching” of zeros around p c , as in the Lee-Yang picture of phase transitions. A partition function for σ * is introduced and is similarly analyzed.
Performance of multicode DS/CDMA with noncoherent M-ary orthogonal modulation subject to power amplifier nonlinear distortion

To avoid estimating the phase of the received signals, the reverse link of IS-95 cellular systems uses M-ary orthogonal modulation with noncoherent reception. An accurate approximation is derived for the bit error rate (BER) of multicode DS/CDMA with noncoherent M-ary modulation in wideband fading channels, when the transmitted signal is nonlinearly distorted by a power amplifier. The amplitude distortion is modeled by a third-order memoryless polynomial. The analysis is shown to closely match the Monte Carlo system simulations.
HPLC-MS Analysis of Lichen-Derived Metabolites in the Life Stages of Crambidia cephalica (Grote & Robinson)

Tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) are notable for their specialized associations with hosts that produce toxic secondary compounds, and are thus an ideal study system for understanding insect-plant interactions and the evolution of antipredatory defense. Likewise, their sister lineage (Arctiinae: Lithosiini) has been documented feeding on algae and lichens, and is known to sequester lichen-derived secondary compounds from the larval to adult stages. Prevalence of lichenivory in this early radiation (ca. 3000 species) may provide clues to the phylogenetic basis for storied chemical sequestration within all tiger moths. Despite the evolutionary significance of this trait, we lack a basic understanding of the extent of lichenivory among lithosiines, and the distribution of sequestered chemicals among life stages. The dynamics of chemical sequestration throughout the lifecycle for the lichen moth Crambidia cephalica were investigated by testing the hypothesis that lichen-derived metabolites are unequally distributed among life stages, and that laboratory-reared C. cephalica have less metabolite diversity than wild-caught individuals. Crambidia cephalica was reared on Physcia, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Several putative lichen-derived metabolites were detected across three life stages, i.e., larval, pupal, and adult, and differences among life stages and lichen host were observed. These results provide evidence that multiple lichen-derived metabolites are sequestered by C. cephalica; some metabolites are retained through adulthood, and others are lost or modified in earlier life stages. The presence of differing lichen-derived metabolites across life stages may indicate functional properties of the metabolites for C. cephalica with regards to chemical protection from antagonists, and other physiological processes.
Structures on a K3 surface

Structures on a K3 Surface by Nathan P. Rowe Dr. Arthur Baragar, Examination Committe Chair Associate Professor of Mathematics University of Nevada, Las Vegas In the first part of this paper, we examine properties of K3 surfaces of the form (x + 1)(y + 1)(z + 1) + Axyz − 2 = 0. We show the surface has Picard number q ≥ 12 by finding 12 curves whose equivalence classes are linearly independent. These curves have self intersection −2. We find the lattice representations of the single-coordinate swapping automorphisms in x, y, and z. We show that we have enough of the Lattice to make accurate predictions of polynomial degree growth under the automorphisms. We describe these automorphisms in terms of operations on elliptic curves. In the second part of this paper, we look at curves whose shape is sketched by the orbit of a point under the composed automorphisms mentioned above. These curves were studied by Fields Medalist Kurt McMullen. One can prove these curves are non-algebraic through the use of intersection theory. We offer a simple counting argument that one such curve is not algebraic. We do this by counting points in Fp and comparing this to the Hasse-Weil upper bound for such curves.
Trends in multimodality therapy for gastric cancer post-MAGIC.

148Background: Althoughmultimodality therapy (MMT) is recommended for most patients with resectable gastric cancer, no single approach has been established as standard. As such, little is known about current national practice patterns and MMT treatment sequencing for patients with gastric cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of ≥ T2 and/or node positive gastric cancer patients treated with MMT using the National Cancer Database (2006-2012). Patients were categorized based on type of MMT (chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiation (cXRT), or both chemotherapy and cXRT) and treatment sequence (preoperative, postoperative, or perioperative). Accuracy of pre-treatment clinical nodal staging was ascertained by comparison to pathologic nodal staging in patients treated with upfront surgery. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between overall risk of death and MMT type and sequence. Results: Among 4,857 patients, 14.1% were treated perioperatively, 48.0% preoperativel...
Methods as Tools

O'Keefe argues that the logic of experiment-wise error correction is flawed, presenting a number of counterexamples as evidence for his claim. He asserts that there is no consistent principle that discriminates legitimate from absurd uses of this logic. I supply such a principle and defend it with his own counterexamples. In sum, O'Keefe's critique raises important methodological questions, provokes discussion that may help answer them, but goes too far in indicting the logic of experiment-wise error correction.
Understanding diagrammatic ink in lecture

We are interested in understanding how digital ink and speech are used together in presentation. Our long range goal is to develop tools to analyze the ink and speech channels of recorded lectures. As a first step in this process, we are making a detailed study of instructors’ digital ink usage in real university lectures. This work is being done in the context of a Tablet-PC based presentation system we have developed, but is applicable to other systems which record digital ink and speech. In this paper we concentrate on how instructors draw and use diagrams in the process of lecture delivery and identify phenomena which are important when automatically processing the diagrammatic ink.