cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“What Button do I press?” The consequences of conducting a service learning project with senior citizens

In an effort to build interest in the two-year old service learning center and to fulfill its mission “to integrate academic life with service in thoughtful and relevant ways,” a competition was held to award developmental grants to faculty to create innovative courses incorporating service learning. The winning proposal from the business school used a business ethics course as the vehicle for formally introducing service into the business curriculum. This paper will tell the story of the intended and unintended consequences of building collaboration on several levels: between generations, between college and community, between faculty and college resources, between student teams, and between theory and practice.
A Robust Open Source Exchange for Open Source Software Development

This paper addresses the development of mechanisms for the creation of OSSD exchanges that could be used by developers across any geographical range, as long as all the developers can interact via some open network infrastructure such as the Internet. The structure of these exchanges can range from public repositories such as Sourceforge.net to intra-organizational forums for software development within an enterprise. We examine in particular the structure of an exchange model based on protocols for a robust online marketplace.
Rule-base coverage analysis applied to test case selection

In this paper we discuss ways in which coverage analysis, obtained during execution of test cases over a ruledbase, can be used to highlight problems in both the test suite and the ruledbase, thereby pointing to areas in which we cannot guarantee or predict the system’s performance. In particular, we present a series of heuristics which use coverage information and metadknowledge about the larger population to select additional test cases from the population, in the event that the initial test set is incomplete. This forms the basis of an incremental approach to ruledbase testing which allows us to both increase completeness of the test set and improve coverage of the ruledbase, thereby increasing the kinds of cases for which the ruledbase has been executed during testing. We demonstrate this heuristic approach to test data selection using information generated by TRUBAC, a tool which implements the coverage analysis methods, applied to analyze a prototype system for diagnosis of rheumatological diseases.
Chronic acidosis of renal origin in infancy.

Two infants are described, both of whom had unexplained signs of anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, fever and acidosis. Both probably had defects in reabsorption of bicarbonate in the renal tubules without other evidence of anatomic renal disease. The symptoms of both infants were relieved by the administration of alkaline salts. One patient, after a year of therapy, recovered and has developed normally without further treatment. The other still requires alkaline salts to prevent the development of acidosis.
Role of the leader peptide of maltose-binding protein in two steps of the export process.

During the process of export of maltose-binding protein to the periplasm of Escherichia coli, the leader peptide is involved in at least two steps. The presence of the leader portion of maltose-binding protein was shown to be necessary to mediate initial binding of the precursor to the membrane. However, the presence of a mutationally altered leader which does not sustain export in vivo was sufficient to allow this interaction. Thus, the defect in export which is manifested in vivo by this mutational substitution occurs at a step that follows membrane association, most likely the translocation step. Translocation occurs at discrete sites that are not uniformly distributed over the cytoplasmic membrane. A large proportion of the membrane involved in translocation has a higher density than that of bulk cytoplasmic membrane. Images
Biomechanical Stresses From Manual Load Lifting: A Static vs Dynamic Evaluation

Abstract Over the last ten years, several static biomechanical models have been developed to predict the strength capability of a population and to quantitatively identify physical acts required in highly stressful jobs. In applying static biomechanical models to a dynamic act, such as lifting, it is assumed that the effects of acceleration and momentum are negligible. A detailed dynamic biomechanical simulation of lifting psychophysically determined maximum loads showed that the compressive force at the low-back and peak task moments at various body joints were approximately two to three times greater than those based on a static biomechanical simulation. Compressive forces at the lumbosacral joint, estimated from the static biomechanical simulation, were within the “action limit,” while those forces estimated from the dynamic biomechanical simulation exceeded the “maximum permissible limit.” However, the predictions based on static biomechanical simulation were in general agreement with the psychophysic...
Study on the accuracy of the elution by characteristic point method for the determination of single component isotherms

The accuracy of the method of elution by characteristic point (ECP) used to determine single component isotherms was studied numerically. Overloaded elution peaks were calculated using the equilibrium-dispersive model of nonlinear chromatography while varying the four parameters, i.e., the number of theoretical plates, the dimensionless Langmuir equilibrium constant, the retention and the loading factor, involved in the fundamental equations of the problem. Single component isotherms were estimated by analyzing the diffuse profile of the elution peaks by the ECP method. Similar results were obtained with the transport-dispersive model. The comparison of these calculated isotherms with the initial Langmuir isotherms provided detailed information on the influence of the mass transfer resistances on the accuracy of the isotherms afforded by the ECP method. The systematic error made on the isotherms depends on the experimental conditions, described by the four parameters. It is expected that this error could be eliminated by correcting the influence of nonequilibrium in the column on the basis of results of the nondimensional calculations. The concentration range of the objective isotherm which can be determined by the ECP method can also be predicted by numerical calculations. The usefulness of the correction strategy and the prediction of the concentration range were experimentally demonstrated.
Laboratory evaluation of analgetic effectiveness in human subjects.

Abstract A method based on electrophysiological principles is described for evaluating actions of analgesic agents in controlled tests using electrical stimulation of the dental pulp. Some of the tests depended upon use of subjects who were selected according to an objective criterion of responsiveness to painful stimuli, characterized by digital plethysmography. Other subjects were selected on the basis of an observed correlation between the plethysmographic findings and the subjective reactions of different individuals to the electrical stimuli. About 25% of the individuals tested were rejected because of erratic plethysmographic records, erratic threshold to electrical stimulation in a preliminary test, or both. None of the individuals chosen by either criterion for subsequent testing reacted to administration of placebo. About two-thirds of the group responded with marked elevations of electrical threshold to orally administered acetylsalicylic acid (1.8 gm) or codeine (30 mg). The elevations caused by codeine were about three times as large as those induced by the acetylsalicylic acid. One-third of the subjects tested, or about 25% of the total population examined, proved refractory to 1.8 gm acetylsalicylic acid, and those subjects of this group who were also tested with 30 mg codeine also failed to respond to this analgesic drug. The present findings are in accord with clinical experience, but are discrepant with statistical evaluations using clinical material. Possible sources of error in the latter procedures are discussed.
Cloning and Initial Characterization of a Human Phospholipase D2 (hPLD2) ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR REGULATES hPLD2

Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including vesicular transport, the respiratory burst, and mitogenesis. PLD1, first cloned from human, is activated by small GTPases such as ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and RhoA. Rodent PLD2, which is approximately 50% identical to PLD1 has recently been cloned from mouse embryo (Colley, W., Sung, T., Roll, R., Jenco, J., Hammond, S., Altshuller, Y., Bar-Sagi, D., Morris, A., and Frohman, M. (1997) Curr. Biol. 7, 191-201) and rat brain (Kodaki, T., and Yamashita, S. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 11408-11413). We describe herein the cloning from a B cell library and expression of human PLD2 (hPLD2). The open reading frame is predicted to encode a 933-amino acid protein (Mr of 105,995); this corresponds to the size of the protein expressed in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 53 and 90% identity to hPLD1 and rodent PLD2, respectively. The mRNA for PLD2 was widely distributed in various tissues including peripheral blood leukocytes, and the distribution was distinctly different from that of hPLD1. hPLD1 and hPLD2 both showed a requirement for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Both isoforms showed optimal activity at 10-20 mol % phosphatidylcholine in a mixed lipid vesicle system and showed comparable basal activities in the presence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Unexpectedly, ARF-1 stimulated the activity of hPLD2 expressed in insect cells about 2-fold, compared with a 20-fold stimulation of hPLD1 activity. Thus, not only PLD1 but also hPLD2 activity can be positively regulated by both phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and ARF.
Solubility of lithium in silicon

Abstract The solubility of lithium in silicon has been measured as a function of temperature between 592°C and 1382°C. It reaches a maximum impurity atom fraction of 1.3 × 10 −3 ±8 cent at about 1200°C, and the distribution coefficient at the melting point is 1.0 × 10 −2 . Li content was measured by flame analysis; comparison of flame analysis results and electrical measurements indicates that serious precipitation occurs during quenching for diffusion temperatures above 650°C. Distribution coefficients are in accord with thermodynamic principles when calculated as the ratio of the above solubility data and a liquidus curve calculated from the eutectic point. Additional information regarding the Li-Si phase diagram was obtained which indicates a melting point of 720±20°C for Li 4 n Si n , 750±10°C for Li 2 n Si n , and a eutectic point at 58±5 atom per cent Li and a temperature of 590±10°C. The melting point of Si is 1408±2°C, based on a literature survey and our own measurements. The melting point of Li 2 CO 3 , a product of the reaction of Li 4 n Si n with room air, was found to be 715±10°C, instead of the 618°C usually quoted.
Utilisation de la réaction de polymérase en chaîne (PCR) et de l’hybridation in situ pour la détection d’infections du tube digestif

La reaction de polymerisation en chaine (PCR) et l’hybridationin situ ont conduit a une explosion d’informations dans presque tous les domaines de la recherche scientifique. Au cours de ces dernieres annees, ces techniques ont commence a quitter le royaume exclusif de la recherche fondamentale vers la routine quotidienne et le laboratoire d’analyses cliniques. Des tests sensibles et specifiques qui permettent de detecter et de typer toutes sortes de germes allant des mycobacteries aux microsporidies font lentement leur chemin dans l’exercice clinique. Ce qui suit est une revue des techniques de PCR et d’hybridationin situ qui peuvent etre utilisees pour le diagnostic de maladies infectieuses du tube digestif. Bien que ces tests soient largement utilises a des fins de recherche ou epidemiologiques, je pense que ce n’est qu’une question de temps avant qu’ils ne deviennent des analyses cliniques de routine.
A novel redox system for CNS-directed delivery of estradiol causes sustained LH suppression in castrate rats

A series of 4 studies was conducted to examine the estrogen-like activity of a chemical delivery system (CDS) coupled to estradiol (E2). The CDS is based on a redox system, analogous to the NAD+ in equilibrium NADH coenzyme system and has previously been shown capable of sustained and site specific drug delivery to the central nervous system. The ability of CDS-E2 to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) in gonadectomized rats was examined as an index of sustained estrogen action. A single dose of CDS-E2 resulted in significantly decreased LH serum levels in castrate rats through at least 24 days while an equimolar dose of E2 resulted in only transient LH decrease. Serum E2 levels were not different between the treatment groups, indicating that peripheral estrogen could not readily explain sustained hormone activity. A dose-response relationship was observed 12 days post-drug treatment in all monitored estrogen activities which showed CDS-E2 is more potent compared to equimolar E2. Further, LH suppression was significantly greater compared to ovariectomized rats treated with equimolar estradiol valerate, while anterior pituitary weights were not different between groups. Together with our previous data, these studies show that CDS-E2 exerts sustained estrogen-like activity which cannot be readily attributed to circulating E2 levels. These findings are consistent with a sustained, brain directed delivery of estrogen.
A Multiobjective Solution Approach to Fault Detection and Isolation of LPV Systems

In this paper, we consider the fault Detection and isolation (FDI) problem for faulty linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems subject to disturbances and propose a observer-based solution by using multiobjective optimization techniques. To simply the design process, a general faulty LPV system will be constructed from standard LPV description by converting actuator/system component faults into sensor faults at first. Then a bank of LPV FDI filters will be designed to identify each fault. Each FDI filter could generate a residual signal to track individual fault with minimum error and suppressing the effects of disturbances and other fault signals. The design of FDI filters will be formulated as multiobjective optimization problems in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and can be solved efficiently. Two numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the proposed fault detection and isolation approach on both LPV and LTI systems.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Solution-Focused Counseling and Motivational Interviewing: A Consideration of Confluence

Solution-focused counseling (SFC) and motivational interviewing (MI) have gained recognition over the past 2 decades. A review of the features of these counseling approaches is provided, as well as an examination of the similarities and differences on several dimensions of counseling. Attention is given to empirical research, and it is proposed that SFC and MI be considered concurrently, which appears consistent with calls in the literature for theoretical integration. A case study is included.
Analysis of IR-drop in 3-D IC packaging using a non-conformal domain decomposition method

In this paper, we present a non-conformal, non-overlapping domain decomposition method (DDM) for the IR drop analysis of high-power integrated circuit (IC) package in which both dielectrics and non-ideal conductors coexist. The proposed non-conformal DDM starts by partitioning the composite device into inhomogeneous sub-regions. Subsequently, each sub-domain is meshed independently according to its own characteristic features. As a consequence, the troublesome mesh generation task for complex ICs can be greatly relaxed. The proposed non-conformal DDM has been applied to analyze the IR drops in the power delivery networks (PDNs) of complex ICs. Numerical results of a product-level IC package demonstrate the flexibility and potentials of the non-conformal DDM.
HL-60 cells degrade α-actinin to produce a fragment that promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation

Abstract An amino-terminal fragment of α-actinin can promote monocyte/macrophage maturation. This fragment was initially isolated from media of HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells cultured on extracellular bone marrow matrix. To determine the source of this fragment in this culture system, we investigated whether HL-60 cells grown on bone marrow stroma have increased intracellular levels of α-actinin that may be released into the media during cell apoptosis. HL-60 cells grown on matrix showed no evidence of increased cellular α-actinin compared to cells grown on plastic substrata as measured by flow cytometry. In addition, there was no evidence of increased apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation assays or flow cytometry. However, 100 kD α-actinin was found in the extracellular matrix of bone marrow stroma by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. The α-actinin content in the stroma was markedly decreased after exposure to HL-60 cells. Furthermore, lysates of HL-60 cells or of peripheral blood monocytes can degrade exogenous α-actinin to produce a 31 kD fragment, which promotes monocyte/macrophage maturation. We conclude that when α-actinin is present in the extracellular matrix, it can be modified by HL-60 cells to produce a maturation promoting 31 kD fragment.
Use of the Uranaffin Reaction in the Identification of Neuroendocrine Granules

This overview emphasizes the utility of the uranaffin reaction in the diagnosis of tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells. The history, cell organelle specificity, tissue specificity, pH requirements, and detailed procedure of the uranaffin reaction is provided. Uranaffin-positive granules are also identified within the NS granules of the stem cell paraneuron (archiparaneuron) of coelenterates, and a hypothetical evolutionary scheme depicting the possible origins of the key biochemical features of the advanced mammalian NS granule is included. The role of nucleotides, a major component of true NS granules, is discussed. A possible intragranular function of ATP as a regulator of osmotic pressure and the extracellular physiologic effects of secreted intragranular nucleotides are discussed in some detail.
The Adrenomedullin Gene Is a Target for Negative Regulation by the Myc Transcription Complex

The Myc family of transcription factors plays a central role in vertebrate growth and development although relatively few genetic targets of the Myc transcription complex have been identified. In this study, we used mRNA differential display to investigate gene expression changes induced by the overexpression of the MC29 v-Myc oncoprotein in C3H10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts. We identified the transcript of the adrenomedullin gene (AM) as an mRNA that is specifically down-regulated in v-Myc overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cell lines as well as in a Rat 1a cell line inducible for c-Myc. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the mouse AM promoter reveals the presence of consensus CAAT and TATA boxes as well as an initiator element (INR) with significant sequence similarity to the INR responsible for Myc-mediated repression of the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP). Reporter gene assays confirm that the region of the AM promoter containing the INR is the target of Myc-mediated repression. Exogenous application of AM peptid...
Papaverine analogs. VI relationship between chemical structure and coronary vasodilator action

The coronary vasodilator action of sixty-five papaverine analogs was studied in an effort to learn more about the effective chemical structure(s) responsible for this type of action. The compounds were studied on the isolated rabbit heart by the method of Langendorff and in the anesthetized dog using the rotameter to measure changes in coronary flow. Coronary dilator action was noted only in those papaverine analogs with the 6-alkoxy, 5,6-dialkoxy or 6,7-dialkoxy (preferable) isoquinoline nucleus. However, using present synthetic methods (the Bischler-Napieralski reaction or the Pictet-Spengler reaction) it has not been possible to prepare papaverine analogs having the 5-, 7-, 8-monoalkoxy or the 5,7-; 7,8- dialkoxy isoquinoline nucleus. The 6,7-dioxy groups studied were methoxy, ethoxy, methylenedioxy and n-butoxy. The isoquinoline N-ring may be 3,4-dihydro; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro or aromatic (preferable). The nitrogen group of the isoquinoline ring may be secondary or tertiary (preferable) but not primary or quaternary. Papaverine is 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl methyl) isoquinoline. The dimethoxyphenyl group may be rearranged or replaced by other groups without complete loss of activity. The methyl group may be multiplied n-times within the studied limit from zero to three.
Forskolin suppresses sympathetic neuron function and causes ocular hypotension.

Recent reports suggest that forskolin can produce ocular hypotension in laboratory animals and man by enhancing formation of cyclic AMP. This proposed mechanism of action implies that forskolin lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by activating adenylate cyclase at some postjunctional site. Intra-arterial (i.a.) injections of forskolin (10, 33, 100 & 333 micrograms) into the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) preparation produced dose-related inhibition of contractions elicited by electrical stimulation of pre-and postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Interestingly, contractions elicited by i.a. norepinephrine were inhibited less than neuronally mediated contractions. Topically applied forskolin (0.5 mg) to the eyes of unilaterally sympathectomized (SX) rabbits and normal rabbits elicited ocular hypotension in the innervated eyes only. Forskolin (0.5 mg, topically) suppressed the rise in IOP induced by water loading in normal rabbits but was significantly less effective in SX rabbits. These results suggest that forskolin lowered IOP in rabbits and suppressed contraction of the electrically-stimulated CNM, in part, by inhibiting sympathetic neuronal function.
Impact of geometric, thermal and tunneling effects on nano-transistors

Electronic transistors are fundamental building blocks of large scale integrated circuits in modern advanced electronic equipments, and their sizes have been down-scaled to nanometers. Modeling and simulations in the framework of quantum dynamics have emerged as important tools to study functional characteristics of these nano-devices. This work explores the effects of geometric shapes of semiconductor-insulator interfaces, phonon-electron interactions, and quantum tunneling of three-dimensional (3D) nano-transistors. First, we propose a two-scale energy functional to describe the electron dynamics in a dielectric continuum of device material. Coupled governing equations, i.e., Poisson-Kohn-Sham (PKS) equations, are derived by the variational principle. Additionally, it is found that at a given channel cross section area and gate voltage, the geometry that has the smallest perimeter of the channel cross section offers the largest channel current, which indicates that ultra-thin nanotransistors may not be very efficient in practical applications. Moreover, we introduce a new method to evaluate quantum tunneling effects in nanotransistors without invoking the comparison of classical and quantum predictions. It is found that at a given channel cross section area and gate voltage, the geometry that has the smallest perimeter of the channel cross section has the smallest quantum tunneling ratio, which indicates that geometric defects can lead to higher geometric confinement and larger quantum tunneling effect. Furthermore, although an increase in the phonon-electron interaction strength reduces channel current, it does not have much impact to the quantum tunneling ratio. Finally, advanced numerical techniques, including second order elliptic interface methods, have been applied to ensure computational accuracy and reliability of the present PKS simulation.
Light element thermodynamics related to actinide separations

Abstract The accumulation of waste from the last five decades of nuclear reactor development has resulted in large quantities of materials of very diverse chemical composition. An electrometallurgical (EM) method is being developed to separate the components of the waste into several unique streams suitable for permanent disposal and an actinide stream suitable for retrievable storage. The principal types of nuclear wastes are spent oxide or metallic fuel. Since the EM module requires a metallic feed, and oxygen interferes with its operation, the oxide fuel has to be reduced prior to EM treatment. Further, the wastes contain, in addition to oxygen, other light elements (first- and second-row elements) that may also interfere with the operation of the EM module. The extent that these light elements interfere with the operation of the EM module has been determined by chemical thermodynamic calculations.
Fate of iridoid glycosides in different life stages of the Buckeye,Junonia coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

The buckeye butterfly,Junonia coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), specializes on plants that contain iridoid glycosides. To determine the fate of these compounds in larvae, pupae, and adults of this species, we reared larvae on artificial diets with and without iridoid glycosides, and on leaves of a host plant,Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae). Quantification by gas chromatography showed that newly molted third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar larvae reared on leaves ofP. lanceolata contained means of 5.13, 2.88, and 6.83% dry weight iridoid glycoside. In contrast, the mean iridoid glycoside concentration of actively feeding fifth-instar larvae was 0.28% dry weight, that of pupae was 0.19% dry weight iridoids, and adults contained no detectable iridoids. Feeding experiments suggested that this reduction in actively feeding larvae was due to the metabolism of iridoid glycosides.P. lanceolata leaves in these experiments contained a mean of 1.00% dry weight iridoid glycoside, with a 2:1 ratio of aucubin to catalpol. Calculation of iridoid consumption and utilization indices showed that larvae fed artificial diets consumed, digested, and sequestered aucubin and catalpol in similar ways. When these indices were calculated for larvae fed leaves ofP. lanceolata, catalpol was sequestered twice as efficiently as aucubin.
A printed superoxide dismutase coated electrode for the study of macrophage oxidative burst

Abstract The miniaturization of electrochemical sensors allows for the minimally invasive and cost effective examination of cellular responses at a high efficacy rate. In this work, an ink-jet printed superoxide dismutase electrode was designed, characterized, and utilized as a novel microfluidic device to examine the metabolic response of a 2D layer of macrophage cells. Since superoxide production is one of the first indicators of oxidative burst, macrophage cells were exposed within the microfluidic device to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a known promoter of oxidative burst, and the production of superoxide was measured. A 46 ± 19% increase in current was measured over a 30 min time period demonstrating successful detection of sustained macrophage oxidative burst, which corresponds to an increase in the superoxide production rate by 9 ± 3 attomoles/cell/s. Linear sweep voltammetry was utilized to show the selectivity of this sensor for superoxide over hydrogen peroxide. This novel controllable microfluidic system can be used to study the impact of multiple effectors from a large number of bacteria or other invaders along a 2D layer of macrophages, providing an in vitro platform for improved electrochemical studies of metabolic responses.
Calcium-channel drugs: structure-function relationships and selectivity of action.

Calcium channels are ubiquitously distributed in excitable cells. The calcium-channel antagonists interact specifically at the L subclass of channels to mediate cardiovascular effects. These channels may be considered as pharmacologic receptors with specific drug binding sites and subject to a variety of regulatory influences. Each site is specific for agents of the three principal structural classes-the phenylalkylamines, the 1,4-dihydropyridines, and the benzothiazepines-and each exhibits defined structure-activity relationships
Multidimensional fechnerian scaling: perceptual separability

A new definition of the perceptual separability of stimulus dimensions is given in terms of discrimination probabilities. Omitting technical details, stimulus dimensions are considered separable if the following two conditions are met: (a) the probability of discriminating two sufficiently close stimuli is computable from the probabilities with which one discriminates the projections of these stimuli on the coordinate axes; (b) the psychometric differential for discriminating two sufficiently close stimuli that differ in one coordinate only does not depend on the value of their matched coordinates (the psychometric differential is the difference between the probability of discriminating a comparison stimulus from a reference stimulus and the probability with which the reference is discriminated from itself). Thus defined perceptual separability is analyzed within the framework of the regular variation version of multidimensional Fechnerian scaling. The result of this analysis is that the Fechnerian metric of a stimulus space with perceptually separable dimensions has the structure of a Minkowski power metric with respect to these dimensions. The exponent of this metric equals the psychometric order of the stimulus space, or 1, whichever is greater.
Ovarian hormones and chronic administration during adolescence modify the discriminative stimulus effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in adult female rats

Marijuana abuse during adolescence may alter its abuse liability during adulthood by modifying the interoceptive (discriminative) stimuli produced, especially in females due to an interaction with ovarian hormones. To examine this possibility, either gonadally intact or ovariectomized (OVX) female rats received 40 intraperitoneal injections of saline or 5.6 mg/kg of Δ⁹-THC daily during adolescence, yielding 4 experimental groups (intact/saline, intact/Δ⁹-THC, OVX/saline, and OVX/Δ⁹-THC). These groups were then trained to discriminate Δ⁹-THC (0.32-3.2 mg/kg) from saline under a fixed-ratio (FR) 20 schedule of food presentation. After a training dose was established for the subjects in each group, varying doses of Δ⁹-THC were substituted for the training dose to obtain dose-effect (generalization) curves for drug-lever responding and response rate. The results showed that: 1) the OVX/saline group had a substantially higher mean response rate under control conditions than the other three groups, 2) both OVX groups had higher percentages of THC-lever responding than the intact groups at doses of Δ⁹-THC lower than the training dose, and 3) the OVX/Δ⁹-THC group was significantly less sensitive to the rate-decreasing effects of Δ⁹-THC compared to other groups. Furthermore, at sacrifice, western blot analyses indicated that chronic Δ⁹-THC in OVX and intact females decreased cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) levels in the striatum, and decreased phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the hippocampus. In contrast to the hippocampus, chronic Δ⁹-THC selectively increased p-CREB in the OVX/saline group in the striatum. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was not significantly affected by either hormone status or chronic Δ⁹-THC. In summary, these data in female rats suggest that cannabinoid abuse by adolescent human females could alter their subsequent responsiveness to cannabinoids as adults and have serious consequences for brain development.
Reliability-aware cross-point resistive memory design

The transition metal oxide (TMO) resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has been identified as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation non-volatile memory (NVM) technology. Numerous TMO ReRAMs with different materials have been developed and demonstrate attractive characteristics, such as fast read/write speed, low power consumption, high integrated density, and good scalability. Among them, the most attractive characteristic of ReRAM is its cross-point structure which features a 4F2 cell size. However, the existence of sneak current and voltage drop along the wire resistance in a cross-point array brings in extra design challenges. In addition, a robust ReRAM design needs to deal with both soft and hard errors. In this paper, we summarize mechanisms of both soft and hard errors of ReRAM cells and propose a unified model to characterize different failure behaviors. We quantitatively analyze the impact of cell failure modes on the reliability of cross-point array. We also propose an error resilient architecture which avoids unnecessary writes in the hard error detection unit. Experimental results show that our design can extend the lifetime of ReRAM up to 75% over the design without hard error detections and up to 12% over the design with "write-verify" detection mechanism.
Electroencephalographic changes in hyperammonemia.

Abstract 1. 1. Correlation of the electroencephalogram and the blood ammonia levels which have been obtained serially in two patients has been observed and the literature pertinent to this has been reviewed. 2. 2. The “critical” level of blood ammonia that corresponds with the first significant change in the electroencephalogram is 200 to 400 μg. per 100 cc. There is suggestive evidence that after this “critical” level is past there will be rapid deterioration of the electroencephalogram with increasing levels of blood ammonia.
Domesticity in Middle Dutch ‘Secrets of Men and Women’

This is an introductory analysis of a group of Middle Dutch texts about the 'Secrets' of female health and human procreation, which date from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Although at first sight little more than translations and adaptations of two Latin treatises widely known as Trotula and Secreta mulierum, the texts afford glimpses of their cultural context. They reveal a variety of traits which converge on the ordinary home, rather than on the castle, church, or university. The notion of secrecy was not a mere cliche but connected, perhaps more deeply than in other languages, with the intimacy of the family. In their phraseology as well as in their manipulations of the sources, by which they shaped the treatment of sexual issues, the writers appeared relatively unencumbered by gender polarities, heavy moralizing, and scholastic rationalization. They addressed women and men, not only readers but also illiterate listeners, and they seemed particularly attuned to the household both in the practicality of gynaecological guidelines and in the earliness of sexological information. Many hints yield a cumulative impression - inviting further thought - that the Middle Dutch 'Secrets' illuminate a special appreciation for the 'domestic' values of sexual harmony, enjoyment, and privacy.
Unipolar Induction Revisited: New Experiments and the “Edge Effect” Theory

A brief historical review is made of the 180-year-old debate on Faraday's unipolar inductor. By introducing two convenient modifications of Faraday's original experiment of 1832, pertinent answers are experimentally found to the most debated problems: 1) Can Faraday's law be used? Yes; 2) Do the magnetic field lines rotate when the magnet rotates? No. 3) Can the seat of induction be unambiguously determined? Yes. 4) Is there a fundamental difference between rotational and translational motional induction? Yes: the “edge effect”, whereby a negative v×B field appears whenever a magnetic edge moves perpendicularly to itself. An additional experiment is presented to verify the theory. Finally, 5) Can Relativity Theory be applied? The Special Theory, no; the General one, yes.
Characterization of turkey inducible nitric oxide synthase and identification of its expression in the intestinal epithelium following astrovirus infection

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme has long been recognized as a key mediator of innate immune responses to infectious diseases across the phyla. Its role in killing or inactivating bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens has been documented in numerous host systems. iNOS, and its innate immune mediator NO has also been described to have negative consequence on host tissues as well; therefore understanding the pathogenesis of any infectious agent which induces iNOS expression requires a better understanding of the role iNOS and NO play in that disease. Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated evidence for increased levels of iNOS and activity of its innate immune mediator NO in the intestine of turkeys infected with astrovirus. To begin to characterize the role iNOS plays in the innate immune response to astrovirus infection, we identified, characterized, developed tkiNOS specific reagents, and demonstrated that the intestinal epithelial cells induce expression of iNOS following astrovirus infection. These data are the first to our knowledge to describe the tkiNOS gene, and demonstrate that astrovirus infection induces intestinal epithelial cells to express iNOS, suggesting these cells play a key role in the antiviral response to enteric infections.
The meat manifesto: Ruth Ozeki's performative poetics

(2001). The meat manifesto: Ruth Ozeki's performative poetics. Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 207-224.
The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) archive is a dynamic component of a clinician image-related workflow solution.

The authors investigated clinician transactions against the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) archive within a clinical image management system (CIMS) in support of patient care. A Neurosurgical Oncology practice was audited for image utilization. There were 400 requests for 233 image studies during 297 sessions. Fifty percent were for current studies, and 50% were for historical studies. Current studies alone were requested in 37% of the sessions, current plus historical in 31%, and hisorical alone in 32% of the sessions. Seventy percent of studies were within 8 weeks old and were rapidly available from the CIMS disk cache without an archive image transaction. Conversely, 30% were older than 8 weeks, requiring a clinician transaction against the archive for image retrieval. Approximately 25% of studies were older than 3 months and 10% older than 6 months. Clinician image needs are complex and any CIMS solution must include a DICOM archive that can support clinician-based transactions.
A randomized study of ceftazidime compared to ceftazidime and tobramycin for the treatment of infections in cancer patients

Three hundred and twenty-one febrile episodes in cancer patients were treated with ceftazidime alone or in combination with tobramycin. Patients were grouped according to their neutrophil count into neutropenic and non-neutropenic (less than 1000 and greater than 1000/mm3) respectively. Two hundred and seventy-five episodes were evaluated. The overall response rate in 83 episodes of infection treated with ceftazidime alone was 60 and 73% in those who received the combination. In those bacteriologically proven the response rate was 72% in both groups of the study. The overall response rate in septicaemia was 75% with ceftazidime alone and 85% with the combination. High response rates were obtained in Gram-negative bacillary septicaemias in both groups even in neutropenic patients treated with ceftazidime alone. Pneumonias in neutropenic patients responded equally well. However, patients with adequate neutrophil counts responded better to the combination than to single-agent therapy. The response rate for Gram-positive infections was 41% for ceftazidime alone and 57% for the combination, which was inferior to the results obtained for Gram-negative infections (P = 0.001). The rates of superinfection and toxicity were very low. Ceftazidime is a useful antibiotic against Gram-negative infections in cancer patients. It should be combined with an agent active against Gram-positive pathogens in neutropenic patients.
Approaches to Acoustic Backscattering Measurements From the Deep Seafloor

Because the average ocean depth is four kilometers, seafloor investigations are mostly remote sensing operations. The primary means to determine the morphology, the structure, and the texture of the seafloor are acoustic. This paper considers the current seafloor remote sensing approaches involving acoustic backscattering. The physical constraints imposed by the ocean as a propagation medium, by the seafloor as a backscattering boundary, and by the measuring instruments are briefly reviewed. The sonar systems currently used by the oceanographic community for deep seafloor acoustic backscattering measurements deal with these constraints differently, depending on their specific application and on whether they are towed behind a ship or mounted on her hull. Towed sidescan systems such as Gloria II (U.K.), the Sea Mapping and Remote Characterization (Sea MARC) I and II, the Deep Tow system of the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), and hull-mounted systems, such as Swathmap all give a qualitative measure of backscattering by converting echo amplitudes to gray levels to produce a sidescan image of the seafloor. A new approach is presented which uses a Sea Beam multibeam echo-sounder to produce similar acoustic images. Quantitative measurements of backscattering have been attempted in recent experiments using the Deep Tow system and Sea Beam. Such measurements provide some insight into the geological processes responsible for the acoustic backscatter, with useful applications for geologists as well as designers and operators of bottom-interacting sonars.
Sucrose-gap recordings of nerve-evoked potentials in mammalian parasympathetic ganglia

The sucrose-gap recording technique was used to study mammalian parasympathetic ganglionic transmission. Both a fast nicotinic depolarization potential and a slow muscarinic hyperpolarizing potential were recorded in vesical pelvic ganglia (VPG). A long afterhyperpolarization caused by an electrical response of through-fibers was also recorded. However, a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (S-EPSP) was not readily observed and may be masked by the long afterhyperpolarization. In addition, the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential (S-IPSP) of the VPG was due to a direct effect of acetylcholine (ACh). Thus, sucrose-gap recordings of VPG potentials are similar to those obtained in sympathetic ganglia, but the mechanism for transmission of the S-IPSP may be different in the respective ganglia.
Magnitude estimation of perceived distance over various distance ranges

Group observers magnitude estimation judgements of stationary spacecraft model apparent distance in simulated space, obtaining psychophysical functions for three stimulus ranges
Tropics and Income in the U.S. States: Further Evidence from Recent Data

Following Andrew Kamarck (Tropics and Economic Development, 1976), Ram (Review of Income and Wealth, 1999) studied the relationship between the degree of tropicality and personal income per capita in the U.S. states over the period 1929– 1990. His estimates indicated that the tropicality disadvantage declined from 1929 to 1970, although the estimate for 1990 does not seem significantly different from that for 1970. The decline from 1929 to 1970 implies that the disadvantage due to location near the tropics is not immutable. Decline in the importance of agriculture, improvements in income and technology, and appropriate public policies can mitigate the adverse effects of tropicality on human health, capital formation, agricultural conditions, and overall productivity. Since the last year studied by Ram was 1990, the issue was revisited here to assess the status of the tropicality disadvantage in recent years. Following Ram (1999), the following simple model of a state’s per-capita personal income was estimated:
Simultaneous ultrastructural demonstration of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity.

In order to study the synaptic connections of neurons identified by their projection target and neurotransmitter content, we have adapted a method of combining retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. HRP was injected into the rat amygdala. Sections from the rostral forebrain were processed according to the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine/glucose oxidase reaction followed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) localization. Neurons in the ventral pallidum which contained both the diffuse immunoperoxidase reaction product (ChAT) and large electron dense bodies characteristic of retrogradely transported HRP were defined as double labeled, i.e. cholinergic neurons that project to the amygdaloid body.
A program for proving that a given graph is not a unit-distance graph: preliminary report

This paper describes a program for proving that a given graph is not a unit distance graph. The algorithm described is not quite brute force.
The Intcractionist Study Of Social Organization: A Note On Method

A symbolic interactionist approach to the study of social organizations is specified. Materials are drawn from an on-going investigation of the American liquor industry, which is treated as a fragmented organization. The core actors, activities and interactional locales of the industry are identified. The problems of establishing a historical baseline for a case study are discussed, as are the problems of confronting archival data, locating informants, and establishing interactive linkages. The stages in writing a case history of an organization are presented and illustrated with examples drawn from the American liquor industry.
Effect of chordal preservation on left ventricular function.

Chordopapillary apparatus preservation was compared with valve-excising mitral valve replacement in a retrospective analysis of 360 patients, of whom 98 had total or partial chordal preservation an...
A differential equation approach to the singular value decomposition of bidiagonal matrices

We consider the problem of approximating the singular value decomposition of a bidiagonal matrix by a one-parameter family of differentiable matrix flows. It is shown that this approach can be fully expressed as an autonomous, homogeneous, and cubic dynamical system. Asymptotic behavior is justified by the established theory of the Toda lattice.
Integrating forward modeling into reservoir simulation

An integrated flow model combines the capabilities of a traditional flow simulator with a petrophysical algorithm. The petrophysical algorithm computes seismic attributes in a forward modeling procedure that is tightly coupled to output from the traditional flow simulator. In addition to traditional reservoir simulation, the integrated flow model can be used to estimate seismic velocities, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and uniaxial compaction. The coupling process is described and the way in which the integrated flow model facilitates the inclusion of reservoir development geophysics into the reservoir management process is illustrated.
Separation of Nitrocellulose-Manufacturing Wastewater by Bench-Scale Flat-Sheet Crossflow Microfiltration Units

Abstract This paper reports laboratory-scale experiments for the separation of nitrocellulose fines from nitrocellulose manufacturing wastewater with crossflow microfiltration units. Results are reported in terms of the factors affecting permeate flux, membrane fouling, the effects of pulsating cleaning and chemical cleaning, and the optimum condition for operation. The separation process under steady operation is described mathematically with the aim of elucidating the transport mechanism and the effects of operating parameters on permeate flux.