cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro Reconstitution to Understand the Mechanism of Bam

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is an essential asymmetric lipid bilayer that serves as a protective barrier and performs required cellular functions, such as nutrient uptake and export. Within the outer membrane are trans-membrane proteins that adopt unique beta-barrel structures. These outer membrane proteins (Omps) are folded and inserted by a multi-protein complex embedded in the membrane called the Bam complex, which performs this function without the use of chemical energy (i.e. ATP or proton motive force). The Bam complex is made of five proteins, BamA-E. BamA is a beta-barrel itself and is considered the central component of the complex. Crystal structures and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that BamA has a destabilized barrel seam that can open and close to potentially nucleate new beta-barrels. Locking the barrel seam in vivo with engineered disulfides is lethal, suggesting that this lateral gate is essential for BamA function. We tested the lateral gate hypothesis in a minimal in vitro system with BamA and a substrate Omp, OmpX in synthetic liposomes. In this system, locking the barrel has no affect on the activity of BamA – locked barrels had the same activity as unlocked barrels. This suggests that either the lateral gate is not important for function or we are not capturing the full activity of BamA. Interestingly, disulfide cross-linking experiments suggest that the barrel seam is highly dynamic, since disulfide pairs separated by up to 4 residues are able to form. To further probe the lateral gate hypothesis, we have moved into a fully reconstituted system with the Bam complex in native E. coli lipids. This system will help us differentiate between these two possibilities. Understanding how the Bam complex assists in protein folding will help answer fundamental questions about membrane protein folding.
Potential trajectories of the upcoming forest trading mechanism in Pará State, Brazilian Amazon

In 2012, the Brazilian government revised the federal Forest Code that governs the use of forest resources on rural properties. The revisions included a forest trading mechanism whereby landowners who deforested more than what is legally allowed before 2008 could absolve their deforestation “debts” by purchasing Environmental Reserve Quotas (CRA) from landowners who conserved more forest than legally required. CRA holds promise as a tool to complement command-and-control initiatives to reduce deforestation and incentivize restoration. However, the success of this instrument depends on how its implementation is governed. This study builds on a few recent assessments of the potential of the CRA in Brazil–but that are focused on biophysical potential–by assessing how a few key implementation decisions may influence the CRA market development. Specifically, this study estimates how decisions on who can participate will likely influence the potential forest surplus and forest debt for the CRA market, and takes into account governance characteristics relevant to the State of Para, eastern Amazonia. In particular, the study evaluates the effects in the CRA market eligibility after simulating a validation of properties in the environmental rural registry (CAR) and assessing different scenarios surrounding land tenure status of properties. Results show how regulatory decisions on CRA market eligibility will determine the extent to which CRA will serve as a tool to support forest conservation or as a low-cost path to help illegal deforesters to comply with legislation, but with limited additional environmental benefits. The study reviews regulatory options that would reduce the risk of forest oversupply, and thereby increase the additionality of the areas eligible for CRA. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of including governance as well as biophysical characteristics in assessing the potential of forest trading tools to deliver additional environmental conservation and restoration benefits.
Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of busulfan (Bu): An alliance study.

2533 Background: Older acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients (pts) have been excluded from myeloablative regimens including agents such as busulfan because of the potential for non-disease related morbidity and mortality. Busulfan, often used as part of myeloablative regimens, is cleared in part by glutathione–S-transferase and CYP3A4. We hypothesized that busulfan clearance (BuCL) in the elderly (> 60 years) would be reduced compared to that in young patients (< 60 years), thus potentially explaining differences in tolerability. Methods: AML and MDS pts in three CALGB bone marrow transplant studies across a wide age range (17-74) were treated with a conditioning regimen using IV busulfan, dosed at 12.8 mg/m2 in CALGB studies 10503 and 19808 and 6.4 mg/m2 in CALGB 100103. Blood samples were collected for determination of busulfan plasma pharmacokinetics (PK). Plasma busulfan was quantitated by LC-MS. BuCL was determined using non-compartmental modeling, and normalized to...
Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Acetylacetone via Femtosecond X-ray Transient Absorption at the Carbon K-Edge.

Molecular triplet states constitute a crucial gateway in the photochemical reactions of organic molecules by serving as a reservoir for the excess electronic energy. Here, we report the remarkable sensitivity of soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy for following the intricate electronic structure changes accompanying the non-adiabatic transition of an excited molecule from the singlet to the triplet manifold. Core-level X-ray spectroscopy at the carbon-1s K-edge (284 eV) is applied to identify the role of the triplet state (T1, 3ππ*) in the ultraviolet-induced photochemistry of pentane-2,4-dione (acetylacetone, AcAc). The excited-state dynamics initiated at 266 nm (1ππ*, S2) is investigated with element- and site-specificity using broadband soft X-ray pulses produced by high harmonic generation, in combination with time-dependent density functional theory calculations of the X-ray spectra for the excited electronic singlet and triplet states. The evolution of the core-to-valence resonances at the ...
Response rates with pembrolizumab in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma: Interim results of an on open-label, phase II study.

7519Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) tumors are infiltrated with antitumor T cells, however, their function is impaired by immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-ligand pathway. Blocking PD-1 enhances the function of antitumor T cells in FL. In addition, blocking PD-1 on NK cells has been shown to enhance the ADCC effect of NK cells. We reasoned that the combination of pembrolizumab (P), an anti-PD-1 antibody (ab), and rituximab (R), an anti-CD20 ab that induces ADCC, is likely to be synergistic through activation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems and result in enhanced clinical activity in FL. Methods: We evaluated P and R in an open-label, non-randomized, single institution, phase II trial (N=30). Key inclusion criteria included adult (age ≥ 18 years), FL grade 1-3a, ECOG 0-1, in relapse after ≥1 prior therapy (tx) and R sensitive disease, defined as a complete (CR) or partial response lasting at least 6 months (mos) after most recent R-containing therapy. Pts received R (375 mg/m2 IV) on d...
Concurrent alterations in EGFR-mutant lung cancers associated with resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors and characterization of MTOR as a mediator of resistance.

Purpose: To identify molecular factors that determine duration of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and to identify novel mechanisms of drug resistance, we molecularly profiled EGFR-mutant tumors prior to treatment and after progression on EGFR TKI using targeted next-generation sequencing.Experimental Design: Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on 374 consecutive patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Clinical data were collected and correlated with somatic mutation data. Erlotinib resistance due to acquired MTOR mutation was functionally evaluated by in vivo and in vitro studies.Results: In 200 EGFR-mutant pretreatment samples, the most frequent concurrent alterations were mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, and RB1 and focal amplifications in EGFR, TTF1, MDM2, CDK4, and FOXA1 Shorter time to progression on EGFR TKI was associated with amplification of ERBB2 (HR = 2.4, P = 0.015) or MET (HR = 3.7, P = 0.019), or mutation in TP53 (HR = 1.7, P = 0.006). In the 136 posttreatment samples, we identified known mechanisms of acquired resistance: EGFR T790M (51%), MET (7%), and ERBB2 amplifications (5%). In the 38 paired samples, novel acquired alterations representing putative resistance mechanisms included BRAF fusion, FGFR3 fusion, YES1 amplification, KEAP1 loss, and an MTOR E2419K mutation. Functional studies confirmed the contribution of the latter to reduced sensitivity to EGFR TKI in vitro and in vivoConclusions:EGFR-mutant lung cancers harbor a spectrum of concurrent alterations that have prognostic and predictive significance. By utilizing paired samples, we identified several novel acquired alterations that may be relevant in mediating resistance, including an activating mutation in MTOR further validated functionally. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3108-18. ©2018 AACR.
Jimi Hendrix—Gypsy Eyes, Voodoo Child, and Countercultural Symbol

Focusing on Jimi Hendrix’s relationships with the transnational politics of race, gender, sexuality, class, nation, visual culture, and popular music, this chapter notes ways Hendrix, living during the tumultuous 1960s countercultural era of upheaval, occupies a singular place in the histories of popular music. Highlighting Hendrix’s early years in Seattle and ascent to becoming one of rock music’s pre-eminent musicians, this chapter highlights Hendrix’s links to racial, gender, and sexual stereotypes proliferating in US and transnational visual cultures and locates Hendrix in legacies of black-face minstrelsy, US and international “freak show” traditions, and black popular music’s global roots. Connecting Hendrix to other black-transnational male icons as a world-historical artist-activist, this chapter emphasizes ways Hendrix, as a prominent recording artist, musical pioneer, and politicized and historical figure, relates to categories of racial, gender, sexual, class, and national difference.
The History of Measles Virus and the Development and Utilization of Measles Virus Vaccines

Although Rhazes, a Persian physician, is credited with the first written ­description of the measles [1], and perhaps with distinguishing between it and smallpox, earlier Hebrew physicians (such as Al Yehudi) had recognized the illness, but without distinction between it and other rash disorders. As urbanization occurred in subsequent centuries, the proximity or larger populations nurtured epidemics with continued circulation of virus in cities. By the seventeenth century, measles was more clearly recognized as a distinct entity as described in 1670 by the London physician, Thomas Sydenham [2]. In 1758, nearly 40 years before Jenner’s description of smallpox vaccine, a Scottish physician, Francis Home, attempted to produce mild measles by mimicking the variolation process used to mitigate smallpox [3]. Because, in contrast to smallpox, there were no vesicles or pustules, he chose to inoculate blood from an infected patient and was able to successfully pass infection with rash to ten of his 12 childhood subjects. Thus, he demonstrated the presence of viremia more than a century before the concept of virus had even been set forth.
Potential of N-acetylcysteine as treatment for the adult respiratory distress syndrome

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often referred to as non-cardiac pulmonary oedema, is now regarded as a very complicated inflammatory process with oedema being only one facet. In recognition of this, pharmacologic therapy with anti-inflammatory corticosteroids was used widely until the completion of randomized clinical trials. Unfortunately, corticosteroids have not been proved to be useful in preventing ARDS in septic patients nor in patients with established ARDS and this has led to investigations with pharmacologic agents which are safer and more specifically targeted to certain parts of the inflammatory process. We have examined the role of the glutathione anti-oxidant system in the sheep model of ARDS as well as in patients with established ARDS through use of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC). We have found that the response to endotoxin is markedly blunted in sheep treated with NAC. In our controlled clinical trials with NAC we found that patients with ARDS have depressed plasma and red cell glutathione concentrations, that these levels are substantially increased by therapy with intravenous NAC and there are measurable clinical responses to treatment with regard to increased oxygen delivery, improved lung compliance and resolution of pulmonary oedema.
How to build Bridges by Molecular Orbital-Valence Bond Theory: The Structures of A 2 X 4 Molecules

A2X4 molecules with ten valence electrons, assuming that the X ligands are monovalent groups, have a choice of adopting one of the following two “extreme” geometries: A planar, D2h, or, a perpendicular, D2d, conformation.
Clagett’s the Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages (1961)

In his Mechanique Analitique, published in 1788, Lagrange included a history of mechanics which dominates the historical remarks and attributions still current in the teaching of physics. Most of the early references in Mach’s romance, Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung, historisch-kritisch dargestellt (1883) are those given before by Lagrange, and it is from notices and footnotes in Mach’s coloring that the history of mechanics is inferred by students today. Let anyone who doubts this try to convince a physicist that the laws of uniformly accelerated motion were well known in the Middle Ages. Lagrange said of Archimedes and Galileo that “the interval separating these two great geniuses disappears in the history of mechanics.” In 1675/1676 Newton had written to Hooke, “If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants.” In the century between Newton and Lagrange, the memory of the giants had shrivelled until even their names were forgotten. Newton’s statement has been interpreted as an early example of the false modesty which is now required of scientists’ locution, but Newton was a man loth to say more when less would serve.
ASSESSING TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF PROVIDING TELEHEALTH PALLIATIVE CARE IN NURSING HOMES.

Use of telehealth to provide NH palliative care(PC) has been extremely limited, only focusing on end-of-life care. No studies have examined how it can be used to proactively deliver PC expertise/support to NH residents, families, and staff. We conducted 6 feasibility tests of telehealth PC in 3 NHs with 19 residents, families, providers and staff (53% female, 47% white, 79% age 50+). None had prior experience with telehealth. 100% were comfortable with the video visit and could see themselves using it in the near future (74% for own care; 90% for family care). 84% strongly believed technology could improve communication between patients/families/providers; 74% strongly believed technology could improve care coordination between NHs and hospitals. 37% rated audio quality fair, 63% good/very good. 47% rated visual quality fair, 47% good/very good. NH telehealth PC is technically feasible and acceptable, providing an innovative opportunity to improve access to needed NH PC services/supports.
Residential transience among US adolescents: Association with depression and mental health treatment

AIMS Residential instability, including transience (i.e. unusually frequent mobility), is associated with higher risk for emotional and behavioural problems in children and young adults. However, most studies have not compared the effect of recent v. more distal moves on mental health or on mental health treatment. This study examined associations between recent (past year) and distal (past 2-4 years) residential transience and past year major depressive episode (MDE) and mental health treatment in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents aged 12-17. METHODS Data are from the 2010-2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (n = ~107 300 adolescents). T-tests were used to examine the prevalence of MDE by number of moves in the past 5 years among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the adjusted association between recent (⩾2 moves in the past year) and distal (⩾4 moves in the past 5 years, but no recent transience) and (1) past year MDE and (2) past year mental health treatment among adolescents with MDE. RESULTS MDE prevalence increased linearly with number of moves in the past 5 years (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of MDE were greater among youths with distal transience (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.44) and among those with proximal transience (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17-1.46), compared with those without transience in the past 5 years. The MDE prevalence did not differ between those with distal and proximal transience (p = 0.163). In youths with past year MDE, the prevalence of past year mental health treatment was greater among those with proximal transience compared with those without transience (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.15-1.70), but there was no significant difference in treatment among those with distal v. no transience. CONCLUSIONS Distal and recent transience are associated with past year MDE among adolescents. Adolescents with MDE who had recent transience were more likely to receive past year mental health treatment compared with those without transience. However, those with only distal transience were not more likely to receive treatment. Parents, school officials and health care providers should be aware that residential mobility in the past 5 years may indicate increased odds of depression among adolescents even among adolescents whose housing stability has improved in the past year.
Entamoeba histolytica (Schaudinn 1903)

Infection with Entamoeba histolytica has world-wide distribution. It is estimated that the world prevalence exceeds 500 million infections.1 It is the causative agent of amebic dysentery and inhabits the lumen and mucosa of the large intestine, predominantly the transverse colon and cecum. Less frequently, it also causes extraintestinal infections, being capable of invading virtually any tissue and organ. Members of all age groups and both sexes are infected, but there is a higher prevalence of amebiasis among adult men, who have an increased risk of exposure in the agricultural occupations. An increased prevalence of this infection is also found in male homosexuals,2 although this protozoan may be less pathogenic in this population.3,4 Animals other than humans, such as dogs and monkeys, harbor an ameba that is indistinguishable from E. histolytica, but they do not constitute an important reservoir for human infections.
Temporal trends in patient characteristics, injury mechanisms and outcomes in pediatric trauma admissions between 2010 and 2017.

Abstract Introduction Injuries are a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in children. Mechanisms of injuries and presentations are diverse in pediatric injuries and require special attention. Dedicated pediatric trauma care centers are ideal for management of children with injuries simultaneously serving as sources of research data. The objective of the current study was to identify changes in injury mechanisms, modifiable risk factors, and outcomes independently associated with admissions at a large pediatric trauma center in Tampa, Florida. Methods We conducted retrospective analysis of 8-years (2010-2017) of pediatric trauma admissions to a large trauma center. Demographic factors and injury characteristics were examined for temporal trends over two year increments. Temporal changes in admissions with major trauma, admission to ICU, and length of stay were examined using logistic regression analysis, and factors associated with independent temporal trends were identified using ordinal logistic regression modeling. Results During the study period, there were 4,934 trauma admissions with a predominance of falls (45.1%) and traffic injuries (20.5%). Trends were observed with less frequent head injuries (2010-2011: 35.7% vs 2016-2017: 28.3%, p Conclusions Significant reductions in LOS, ICU stay, and complications were temporally observed despite an increase in admissions with higher use of helicopter transport. These results can most likely be attributed to dedicated pediatric trauma experts and resources available at an integrated pediatric trauma center.
A commentary on occupation, injustice, and anti-black racism in the United States of America (Lavalley & Johnson, 2020)

This invited commentary further explores the viewpoints offered by Lavalley and Johnson (2020), and deepens the analysis of collective and anti-racist occupations. The intent is to illuminate sever...
Degree of dispersion assessments of highly filled stereolithography suspension using fineness of grind measurement

Abstract Agglomerates are a large cluster of primary particles, which may result in the flaws of the final ceramics. Stereolithography suspensions could pose challenges to identify their coarse agglomerates without modifications to their properties; the suspensions are mostly high turbid and viscous in some cases. Any modifications, such as dilution, can alter the actual degree of agglomeration. In this study, a means to characterize the degree of dispersion was developed using the automated fineness of grind gauge. The fineness of grind gauge was visualized to determine the nature of the trapped agglomerates and their distribution. The resulted agglomerate size distribution was treated mathematically as a power law distribution in a selected region. The power law function was found to describe the degree of dispersion of suspensions, which was associated with the coarse agglomerate distribution behavior.
Nonsurgical Light and Energy-Based Devices: Utility in Eyelid and Periorbital Surgery

Periorbital rejuvenation is a common reason for patients to seek cosmetic treatment. There are several nonsurgical light and energy-based devices available to treat various aspects of periorbital rejuvenation without risks of an invasive, surgical procedure. Although ablative laser resurfacing appears to offer the most impressive clinical improvements, nonablative devices result in noticeable cosmetic improvement with more favorable side-effect profiles and shorter recovery times. The specific modality selected for periorbital rejuvenation should be tailored to patients' individual characteristics, preferences, and aesthetic goals. With continued advancements, additional nonsurgical light and energy-based devices will become available in the future for periorbital rejuvenation.
Social Norms Sustaining Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of Methodologies for Proxy Measures.

In light of the many robust quantitative data sets that include information on attitudes and behaviors related to intimate partner violence (IPV), and in an effort to expand the evidence base aroun...
Gyrokinetic and extended-MHD simulations of a flow shear stabilized Z-pinch experiment

Axisymmetric (m = 0) gyrokinetic and extended-MHD simulations of a sheared-flow Z-pinch plasma are performed with the high-order finite volume code COGENT. The present gyrokinetic model solves the long-wavelength limit of the gyrokinetic equation for both ion and electron species coupled to the electrostatic gyro-Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential. The extended-MHD model is electromagnetic and includes the effects of the gyro-viscous pressure tensor, diamagnetic electron and ion heat fluxes, and generalized Ohm's law. A prominent feature of this work is that the radial profiles for the plasma density and temperature are taken from the fusion Z-pinch experiment (FuZE), and the magnetic field profile is obtained as a solution of the MHD force balance equation. Such an approach allows to address realistic plasma parameters and provide insights into the current and planned experiments. In particular, it is demonstrated that the radial profiles play an important role in stabilization, as the embedded guiding center ( E × B) drift has a strong radial shear, which can contribute to the Z-pinch stabilization even in the absence of the fluid flow shear. The results of simulations for the FuZE plasma parameters show a decrease in the linear growth rate with an increase in the flow shear; however, full stabilization in the linear regime is not observed even for large (comparable to the Alfven velocity) radial variations of the axial flow. Nonlinear stability properties of the FuZE plasmas are also studied, and it is found that profile broadening can have a pronounced stabilizing effect in the nonlinear regime.
Data-driven 6D Pose Tracking by Calibrating Image Residuals in Synthetic Domains.

Tracking the 6D pose of objects in video sequences is important for robot manipulation. This work presents se(3)-TrackNet, a data-driven optimization approach for long term, 6D pose tracking. It aims to identify the optimal relative pose given the current RGB-D observation and a synthetic image conditioned on the previous best estimate and the object's model. The key contribution in this context is a novel neural network architecture, which appropriately disentangles the feature encoding to help reduce domain shift, and an effective 3D orientation representation via Lie Algebra. Consequently, even when the network is trained solely with synthetic data can work effectively over real images. Comprehensive experiments over multiple benchmarks show se(3)-TrackNet achieves consistently robust estimates and outperforms alternatives, even though they have been trained with real images. The approach runs in real time at 90.9Hz. Code, data and supplementary video for this project are available at this https URL
Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Testing in Asymptomatic Patients With a History of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Contemporary Medical Literature.

The cardiac stress testing, carotid duplex, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring, myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary angiography, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), total serum cholesterol, duplex ultrasonography, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) independently predict the risks and prognostic outcomes in asymptomatic cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. The peripheral artery disease (PAD) screening guides the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of hemodynamically significant arterial stenosis, calcification, and malignant hypertension in patients with CVD without symptoms. The 79% sensitivity and 96% specificity of ABI screening, 90% sensitivity and 97% specificity of MRA, and 95% sensitivity and 50% specificity of CTA for tracking arterial occlusion indicate the high prognostic value of these tests in the setting of CVD. The 85% specificity and 60-70% sensitivity of cardiac stress testing substantiate its suitability to determine asymptomatic CVD prognosis related to myocardial ischemia, heart failure, multivessel disease, and unstable angina. The carotid duplex ultrasound potentially identifies long-term mortality, stroke, atherosclerosis, plaque instability, and angiographic stenosis among asymptomatic CVD patients with 94% specificity and 90% sensitivity. The CAC scoring has a positive predictive value (PPV) of 45.7% for identifying aortic valve calcium and PPV of 79.3% for tracking thoracic artery calcium. The medical literature provides substantial evidence concerning the validity, reliability, and prognostic value of cardiovascular testing for asymptomatic patients. Future studies are needed to undertake detailed assessments of benefits versus adverse outcomes associated with the prospective scaling (of cardiovascular testing) across asymptomatic CVD patients.
NIMH funding opportunities for NeuroAIDS therapeutics development research

While HAART has improved and saved the lives of millions of people living with HIV, the prevalence of HIV-associated neuropsychological & neurological disorders are reportedly increasing. This is thought to be due, at least in part, to the prolonged life span of infected individuals and the lack of efficient CNS-targeted antiretroviral therapy. Many lines of the evidence have shown not only that HIV enters the CNS early in the course of infection but suggest that the brain may also be a sanctuary site for HIV latent virus. However, most current FDA approved HIV drugs have difficulty penetrating the blood-brain-barrier and do not achieve efficacious concentrations in affected brain regions. Another hurdle in the treatment of NeuroAIDS has been the lack of the appropriate cell-based assays and animal models to screen potential therapeutic compounds. In order to foster and encourage NeuroAIDS therapeutics development research, NIMH published two sets of program announcements. One set of initiatives was targeted for consideration by both public and private research sectors (PA06-139 and PA06-140) in March of 2006: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-139.html; http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-140.html. Another set of initiatives was targeted specifically toward small business research programs (PA-06-432 and PA-06-433): http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-432.html; http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-06-433.html.
From low-level features to high-level semantics: are we bridging the gap?

Summary form only given. The performance of a content-based information retrieval (CBIR) system is very subjective and hence user-dependent. To the user, similarity between objects in the database is often high-level and semantic. However, features extracted from objects directly in their digital representations are often low-level features. The gap between low-level features and high-level semantics has been the major obstacle to better retrieval performance. In this talk, we outline several approaches to bridging the gap between low-level features and high-level semantics, including hidden annotation and relevance feedback. We present a few specific techniques: active learning, annotation propagation, feature space warping, and semantic metric linking, all aiming at propagating the semantics from some objects to the others.
Miss Billie's Deer: Women in Bow Hunting Journals, 1920–1960

Early twentieth-century American outdoor magazines promoted sport hunting as recreation characterized by class, rather than gender. Women hunters were not harbingers of gender equality, and their “femininity” gave hunting a genteel legitimacy. During the mid twentieth century, sporting publications reflected a growing ambivalence of the hunting community toward women hunters, as hunting became increasingly viewed as a homosocial ritual tied to ideals of manhood and patriotism. Women’s voices virtually disappeared from mainstream outdoor literature. When the modern sport of bow hunting emerged as an alternative to firearms hunting in the 1920s, advocates again relied upon the femininity of women bow hunters to lend their new recreation legitimacy and gain public acceptance at a time when the public, and even firearms hunters, considered it to be a cruel and unsportsmanlike pastime. Women became allies in the promotion of the controversial new sport and, unlike the broader hunting community that came to marginalize women’s hunting experiences, bow hunting journals portrayed their recreation as fundamentally distinct from firearms hunting, welcomed women as hunting equals, and celebrated their hunting successes.
Infrared spectrum of acetonitrile: Analysis of Coriolis resonance

Abstract The Coriolis resonance between ν4 and ν7 in CH3CN and between ν1 and ν5, ν3 and ν6, and ν4 and ν7 in CD3CN has been analyzed, applying the technique developed by DiLauro and Mills, to obtain the signs of [ ζ r,sa y ( ∂p ∂Q r )( ∂p ∂Q sa ) ] and the ratio of ∂μ ∂Q r to ∂μ ∂Q s for the interacting pairs in CD3CN. For (ν4, ν7) in both CH3CN and CD3CN, the sign of [ ζ r,sa y ( ∂p ∂Q r )( ∂p ∂Q sa ) ] is found to be negative as it is also for (ν1, ν5) in CD3CN. For (ν3, ν6) the sign of this interaction term is found to be positive. For a given definition of normal coordinates the signs of these interaction terms give the relative signs of ∂p ∂Q r and ∂p ∂Q sa ; our study also gives approximate values for the corresponding ratio [ ( ∂p ∂Q r ) ( ∂p ∂Q sa ) ]
Behavioral approaches to headache: A practical guide for non-mental health providers

Abstract Behavioral treatments such as relaxation training, biofeedback, and cognitive behavioral therapy have repeatedly demonstrated significant efficacy for the treatment of migraine- and tension-type headache. Behavioral treatments and pharmacologic treatments together also have an additive effect such that the combination of the 2 treatments is more effective than either treatment alone. The action mechanisms of behavioral approaches revolve around the following constructs: (1) self-efficacy; (2) internal vs external locus of control; (3) stress management skills; and (4) pain-coping skills. As these constructs can remain relatively stable over time, behavioral treatments offer lasting results for the management of pain. Despite the aforementioned clinical insights, financial constraints and limited access to behavioral health experts make it difficult to fully integrate behavioral approaches into treatment. As such, this article serves as a guide for medical doctors and clinicians of various disciplines to gain awareness of and integrate these approaches into their headache armamentarium. We present approaches to maximize patients' openness to a multimodal model and keys to distinguish patients who require specialist-level care. We close with a call for greater inclusion of behavioral medicine in graduate level medical training.
Retention of biological activity following radioiodination of human interleukin 2: Comparison with biosynthetically labeled growth factor in receptor binding assays

Abstract Human interleukin 2 (IL-2) was radioiodinated by a modified form of the chloramine-T reaction. Comparison with biosynthetically radiolabeled IL-2 demonstrated that the iodinated retained similar receptor binding characteristics and proliferation-inducing ability. The iodinated molecule also possessed the distinct advantages of a higher specific radioactivity and a reduced processing time for the assay samples. The majority of the iodine was incorporated at the tyrosine in position 45 of the polypeptide chain. Evidently, this residue is unimportant for the molecule's association with its receptor. The development of active radioiodinated IL-2 should facilitate routine measurement of the high-affinity IL-2 binding sites which mediate the physiological response to this lymphokine.
Polarization Characteristics of an Ionized-Gas Laser in a Magnetic Field*

We have studied the polarization characteristics of an ionized-argon laser in a magnetic field. The application of a magnetic field to a laser employing internal mirrors causes the light to break up into a set of right-and left-circularly polarized modes. In a Brewster-window laser, the magnetic field causes the light to become elliptically polarized and causes the axes of the ellipse to rotate. We have investigated the detailed state of polarization of the light. We find that the ellipticity of the light is small, and that the losses introduced by Brewster windows are also small. Our experimental measurements are in general agreement with a theory that takes into account gain saturation in the laser.
UIM domain-dependent recruitment of the endocytic adaptor protein Eps15 to ubiquitin-enriched endosomes

Eps15 is an endocytic adaptor protein that stimulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Among other interactions, Eps15 binds ubiquitin via UIM domains, recruiting ubiquitinated cargo into clathrin-coated vesicles. In EGF-treated cells, Eps15 also localizes to endosomes. The basis of this localization is not known. We show that accumulation of ubiquitinated cargo can recruit Eps15 to endosomes via UIM domain interactions. First, treatment of SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells, which overexpress the EGFR family member ErbB2, with geldanamycin to promote receptor ubiquitination and endosomal transport, recruited FLAG-Eps15 to endosomes. Two in-frame ubiquitin constructs, PM-GFP-Ub (retained in endosomes after endocytosis), and GFP-FYVE-UbΔGG (targeted directly to endosomes) also recruited Eps15 to endosomes, as did slowing endosome maturation with constitutively-active Rab5-Q79L. Endosomal recruitment required the UIM domains, but not the N-terminal EH domains or central coiled-coil domains, of Eps15. Silencing of the endosomal Eps15 binding partner Hrs did not affect recruitment of Eps15 to ubiquitin-enriched endosomes. In fact, Hrs silencing itself modestly recruited Eps15 to endosomes, probably by accumulating endogenous ubiquitinated cargo. Eps15 silencing did not affect lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated ErbB2; however, GFP-FYVE-UbΔGG overexpression inhibited internalization of EGFR and transferrin receptor. We show for the first time that ubiquitin is sufficient for Eps15 recruitment to endosomes. We speculate that Eps15 recruitment to ubiquitin-rich endosomes may reduce the level of Eps15 at the plasma membrane, slowing endocytosis to allow time for processing of ubiquitinated cargo in endosomes.
The Kinetics of Haemolysis in Amboceptor-Complement Systems

This paper, which contains a description of the kinetics of haemolysis in systems containing amboceptor and complement, is the first of a series of papers, which will deal with the kinetics of lysis in various complex haemolytic systems, i.e., systems in which the lysin ( e.g. , complement) is not capable of acting except in the presence of a second substance, usually a “sensitising agent ” ( e.g ., amboceptor).
A detector for the cosmic neutrino background

Abstract A detection scheme for the cosmic neutrino background, based on bremsstrahlung in its coherent scattering off free cold electrons, is explored. Both magnetic moment and weak interaction couplings are considered for arbitrary Dirac neutrino masses. Photon production rates may reach values of ∼ 10 8 ( μ ν /10 −10 μ B ) 2 /day for neutrinos with a magnetic moment μ ν , and values of ∼ 10 −3 /day for weakly-interacting Dirac neutrinos with a mass of 25 eV; per 1 kton of a solid with mostly free electrons.
Closing the circle of osmoregulation.

A new computational model of osmotic shock in yeast integrates biochemistry and biophysics.
Brugia pahangi: growth improvement with lecithin in the diet of axenically reared hosts, Aedes aegypti.

Abstract Growth and development of the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi was examined in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes axenically reared on defined synthetic dietary media containing crude animal lecithin and synthetic dipalmitoyl lecithin. The first was a crude preparation containing impurities (mostly lipids) up to 40%, while the second was a highly purified preparation of lecithin (99.95%). Substantial proportions of apparently alive but undeveloped prefirst-stage parasite juveniles (presausage forms) were found in mosquitoes reared on all synthetic dietary media but not in mosquitoes reared on liver powder (control). Of the two lecithin preparations tested, parasites grew best in mosquitoes reared on a diet augmented with crude animal lecithin. Development was synchronized and the filarial parasites were able to complete two molts to become third-stage juveniles. Synthetic dl -dipalmitoyl lecithin in mosquito diets did not improve filarial development. The improvement of worm growth in terms of rate of morphogenesis and facility in molting, with the addition of crude, and not the pure lecithin preparation, suggested that the effect observed on filariae may not be directly due to the lecithin molecule, but due to a compound (probably a lipid), associated with the lecithin molecule in the crude preparation.
Pre-melting near crystal dislocations

IDEALLY, the melting of a crystalline solid should occur at a single temperature. In reality, the process is spread over a small range of temperatures. As the temperature approaches the nominal melting point Tm, the specific heat of, say, bismuth1,2 acquires a component of the form ΔC = A/(Tm − T)2 (1) where A denotes a constant for a given sample. Usually the premonitory effect is attributed to the presence of impurities that dissolve only in the liquid phase. Indeed, an expression close to equation (1) can be derived on this basis. There is, however, good evidence3 to indicate that the effect cannot be wholly due to Raoult impurities. In the present letter, we want to show that equation (1) also characterises pre-melting near point defects, while that occurring along edge dislocations is described by ΔC = B/(Tm − T)3 (2) where B denotes another constant.
In vitro propagation of wavy-leaved Indian paintbrush (Castilleja applegatei Fern.)

Abstract Castilleja spp. (Indian paintbrush, Orobanchaceae) are desirable ornamental plants with showy floral bracts that are native throughout much of the western U.S. Propagation of these hemiparasites by seed is usually successful only when a host species is present, and asexual propagation through traditional methods has proven to be extremely difficult. In this study we present an effective shoot culture micropropagation system for Castilleja applegatei Fern., the wavy-leaved Indian paintbrush. In vitro shoot tips of three C . applegatei clones were cultured for 28 days on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with four concentrations of each of three cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 6-(y,y-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) and zeatin. Responding explants, shoot number per responding explant and shoot length were determined. In vitro rooting of microcuttings cultured for 42 days on media containing three concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were also evaluated. A high percent response to shoot induction was observed across all treatments, ranging from 94.5 to 100%. C. applegatei responded best to zeatin, which resulted in both the highest mean shoot number and mean shoot length among the cytokinins tested. The best overall shoot multiplication occurred on media with 4.0 μM zeatin, yielding a mean shoot number of 4.11 and mean shoot length of 3.95 cm. The mean highest rooting response (66.7%), root number (13.21) and root length (2.73 cm) were obtained on WPM supplemented with 10 μM IBA. Significant clone × treatment interactions existed for all variables except mean root number, thus the optimum treatments for both shoot multiplication and root induction were clone-dependent. Rooted microcuttings were acclimated ex vitro with an average success rate of 81.2%. This study demonstrates the considerable potential of an in vitro shoot culture system for the asexual propagation of Castilleja spp.
Functional Consequences of Sulfhydryl Modification of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 at a Single Solvent-Exposed Cysteine Residue

The aims of this study were to optimize the experimental conditions for labeling extracellularly oriented, solvent-exposed cysteine residues of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1) with the membrane-impermeant sulfhydryl reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate (MTSET) and to characterize the functional and pharmacological consequences of labeling on transporter steady-state and presteady-state kinetic properties. We expressed human GAT1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes and used radiotracer and electrophysiological methods to assay transporter function before and after sulfhydryl modification with MTSET. In the presence of NaCl, transporter exposure to MTSET (1–2.5 mM for 5–20 min) led to partial inhibition of GAT1-mediated transport, and this loss of function was completely reversed by the reducing reagent dithiothreitol. MTSET treatment had no functional effect on the mutant GAT1 C74A, whereas the membrane-permeant reagents N-ethylmaleimide and tetramethylrhodamine-6-maleimide inhibited GABA transport mediated by GAT1 C74A. Ion replacement experiments indicated that MTSET labeling of GAT1 could be driven to completion when valproate replaced chloride in the labeling buffer, suggesting that valproate induces a GAT1 conformation that significantly increases C74 accessibility to the extracellular fluid. Following partial inhibition by MTSET, there was a proportional reduction in both the presteady-state and steady-state macroscopic signals, and the functional and pharmacological properties of the remaining signals were indistinguishable from those of unlabeled GAT1. Therefore, covalent modification of GAT1 at C74 results in completely nonfunctional as well as electrically silent transporters.
Intermediates in the proton-induced reduction of CO in iron clusters

Abstract After an induction period, solutions of HFe 4 (CH)(CO) 12 in HSO 3 CF 3 slowly produce methane at room temperature. The predominant iron-containing species throughout the initial stages of the reaction is H 2 Fe 4 -(η 2 -CH)(CO) 12 + , for which NMR studies indicate diprotonation of the iron framework and very slow exchange between one of the cluster protons and the CH proton. Although three-iron clusters such as Fe 3 (CH)(CO) 10 − can be recovered from the reaction mixture, this compound and a two-iron methylene compound, Fe 2 (CH 2 )(CO) 8 , do not yield significant quantities of methane under these reaction conditions. On the other hand, reducing agents eliminate the induction period and in some cases increase the rate of conversion of HFe 4 (CH)(CO) 12 to methane. We conclude that reducing equivalents for the conversion of CH in HFe 4 (CH)(CO) 12 to methane are likely to be produced by intermolecular electron transfer rather than successive oxidative cleavage of the four-iron cluster.
Electron-impact-induced oxidation of Al(111) in water vapor: Relation to the Cabrera-Mott mechanism

The oxidation of an Al(111) single-crystal surface induced by 100 eV electron bombardment in water vapor at room temperature has been studied using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Electron bombardment significantly increases the growth rate and changes the observed growth-rate law in comparison to the oxidation without the electron beam. The aluminum oxide film grows with linear rather than parabolic time-dependent kinetics up to a thickness of about 25 \AA{}. After reaching this thickness, the growth rate slows down significantly. During oxidation the oxide film becomes electrically charged on its surface and the normal electric field in the oxide remains constant. The results are discussed in the framework of a Cabrera--Mott type oxidation mechanism.
SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION IN ANTEPARTAL WOMEN ON BEDREST

This descriptive correlational study examined relationships among anxiety, depression, and spiritual well-being (SWB) in three groups of women (non-pregnant, normal pregnancy, high-risk pregnancy on bedrest). Women in each group completed a demographic survey, a Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and depression and anxiety subscales from the Abbreviated Scale for the Assessment of Psychosocial Status in Pregnancy. All groups (N = 180) demonstrated significant, inverse relationships among SWB, anxiety, and depression. Findings emphasize the importance of obstetrical nurses screening pregnant women to evaluate emotional health, especially in high risk pregnancies. Collaboration with mental health nurses may be useful in developing interventions to improve a woman's SWB, reduce anxiety and depression, and improve pregnancy outcomes.
The rheumatoid arthritic personality: a psychodiagnostic myth.

Abstract Some investigators view patients with rheumatoid arthritis as sharing a distinct personality pattern, characterized by repressed hostility and self-punishment. A preliminary comparison of psychological test scores of a group of rheumatoid arthritis patients with scores of patients with other chronic illnesses fails to support this contention, but suggests that there may be a “chronic disease personality.”