cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superconductor-insulator transition on annealed complex networks.

Cuprates show multiphase and multiscale complexity that has hindered physicists search for the mechanism of high T{c} for many years. Recently the interest has been addressed to a possible optimum inhomogeneity of dopants, defects, and interstitials, and the structural scale invariance of dopants detected by scanning micro-x-ray diffraction has been reported to promote the critical temperature. In order to shed light on critical phenomena on granular materials, here we propose a stylized model capturing the essential characteristics of the superconducting-insulator transition of a highly dynamical, heterogeneous granular material: the random transverse Ising model (RTIM) on annealed complex network. We show that when the networks encode for high heterogeneity of the expected degrees described by a power-law distribution, the critical temperature for the onset of the superconducting phase diverges to infinity as the power-law exponent γ of the expected degree distribution is less than 3, i.e., γ 3 and diverges if γ<3.
Catalytic gasification of graphite by: Tungsten, rhenium, and tungsten-rhenium

Abstract Controlled atmosphere electron microscopy examinations have shown that both tungsten and rhenium are active catalysts for the graphite-oxygen reaction, although the former exhibits only marginal activity. Of the two materials only rhenium is effective in catalyzing the gasification of graphite in hydrogen. From a comparison of the bicomponent system with that of its pure constituents it is concluded that in oxygen, rhenium segregates to the surface whereas in a reducing environment the surface is enriched with tungsten. Moreover, it was found that the intrinsic catalyst channeling rate of the mixed system is significantly faster than that of tungsten or rhenium in the graphite-oxygen reaction.
A review of the genus Pseudomenopon (Mallophaga: Menoponidae)

Seventeen species of Pseudomenopon Mjoberg are recognized and discussed, with illustrations for 16 of these. Included are 6 new species: P. carrikeri from Heliornis fulica, P. mcclurci from Poliolimnas cinereus, P. phoenicuri from Amaurornis phoenicurus, P. ralliculae from Rallicula leucospila forbesi, P. pilgrimi from Gallirallus a. australis and P. meinertzhageni from Ortygonax r. rytirhynchos . There are 16 new synonyms: P. pilosum (Scopoli) (= Menopon scitum Piaget, M. delicatulum Piaget, P. jacintoi Tendeiro, P. brazi Tendeiro, P. zlotorzyckae Lucinska), P. scopulacorne (Denny) (= M. parumpilosum Piaget, M. tridens costaricense Carriker, P. rowani Keler), P. dolium (Rudow) (= M. tridens var. insolens Kellogg, M. tridens var. par Kellogg, P. insolens frescai Eichler, P. stuchlyi Lucinska, P. janiszewskae Lucinska), P. concretum (Piaget) (= P. poliocephalus Qadri, P. mendesi Tendeiro), and P. lanceolatum Tendeiro (= P. timmermanni Tendeiro). A key to the species is given.
Vibrational properties of crystalline and amorphous NiSi2

Abstract Inelastic neutron scattering measurements of polycrystalline NiSi2 are compared to Raman scattering spectra of the corresponding amorphous phase. Broad similarities are observed between the two Raman bands and more detailed features of the crystalline spectra. The results are consistent with similar short range order in the amorphous and crystalline phase.
Favorable structures for higher fullerenes

A study is made of elemental carbon cages corresponding to polyhedra with hexagonal and pentagonal faces such that no two pentagons abut. All such preferable cages of up to ν=94 vertices are generated, and simple Huckel MO and resonance-theoretic computations are made. The graphical structures more favored by these computations are reported for the experimentally relevant vertex (or atomic) counts of ν=60, 70, 76, 78, 84, and 90. The NMR line patterns for these favorable structures are also given.
Scheduling jobs with fixed start and end times

Abstract We analyze a scheduling problem in which each job has a fixed start and end time and a value. We describe an algorithm which maximizes the value of jobs completed by k identical machines. The algorithm runs in time O (n 2 log n) , where n is the number of jobs. We also show that the problem is NP-complete under the following restriction: Associated with each job is a subset of the machines on which it can be processed. For a fixed number of machines k , an O (n k+1 ) time algorithm is presented.
CONCORDANCE BETWEEN SHORT-TERM EXPERIMENTS AND LONG-TERM CENSUSES IN TIDE POOL FISHES

Sixteen years of annual censuses (1990-2005) of an assemblage of tide pool sculpins at Tatoosh Island, Washington, USA, revealed relative constancy in the numbers of recruits and adults. However, the dominant species as a recruit (Clinocottus globiceps) was always replaced numerically as an adult by another species (Oligocottus maculosus). When mechanisms of coexistence were evaluated, little support was found for either a lottery model, because competitive interactions are hierarchical, or a storage-effect model of coexistence, because the relative ranking of recruitment varied little among years and did not covary among species with environmental variables such as ocean temperature, upwelling indices, or an estimator of ocean productivity (oyster condition index). There was also little evidence of niche partitioning based on habitat affinities. Additionally, predation-mediated coexistence had little support, given that the competitive dominant did not have the greatest rates of mortality. Instead, a competition-colonization trade-off may contribute to the coexistence of these species, where C. globiceps always recruits in the greatest numbers, while O. maculosus dominates the adult assemblage via competitive processes. The importance of post-recruitment processes in this assemblage is further suggested by some negative associations among species, the presence of density dependence, some habitat affinities, and previously published experimental work that demonstrated the competitive dominance of O. maculosus over C. globiceps.
The Influence of Patterning in Co And Co/Pd Multilayer Structures

We are studying ferromagnetic films of cobalt and cobalt - palladium heterostructures fabricated by laser assisted chemical deposition from organometalic compounds. We have developed this one-step deposition technique sufficiently to deposit pure metal features with excellent spatial resolution and in multilayer geometries. From the comparison between the continuous and patterned films we can conclude that the patterning of the films into arrays of discrete micron-scale features has a great influence on the magnetic properties of the films.
Zinc speciation in a smelter-contaminated soil profile using bulk and microspectroscopic techniques.

A soil profile contaminated as a result of Zn smelting operations from the historic Palmerton, PA smelting facility was characterized using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as bulk techniques, coupled with electron microprobe (EM), and microfocused XAFS as microscopic techniques to determine the chemical forms of Zn and elucidate its geochemical fate. The black, organic matter-rich topsoil contained 6200 mg/ kg Zn and was strongly acidic (pH 3.2). Bulk XAFS revealed that about 2/3 of Zn was bound in franklinite and 1/3 bound in sphalerite. Both minerals may have been aerially deposited from the smelter operation. Microspec- troscopy detected also minor amounts of Zn adsorbed to Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides as inner-sphere sorption complexes, which may have formed after weathering of the Zn minerals. About 10% of the total Zn in this sample could be easily leached. In contrast, the yellowish, loamy subsoil contained less Zn (890 mg/kg) and had a higher pH of 3.9. XAFS revealed that Zn was mostly bound to Al-groups and to a lesser extent to Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides. Minor amounts of outer-sphere complexes or organic matter-bound Zn species could also be detected. About 70% of the total Zn content could be easily leached, indicating that outer- sphere sorption complexes have been underestimated and/ or inner-sphere sorption complexes are weak due to the low pH. The Zn forms in the subsoil most likely derive from weathering of the Zn minerals in the topsoil. Due to the lack of minerals incorporating Zn and due to the low pH, the availability of Zn in the subsoil is as high as in the topsoil, while the total concentration is almost 1 order of magnitude smaller.
Thermoelastoplastic and Residual Stress Analysis during Induction Hardening of Steel

A theoretical model was developed to predict the thermoelastoplastic and residual stresses developed in a round steel bar during induction hardening. For numerical analysis, a quasi- static, uncoupled thermoelastoplastic solution based on the hyperbolic sine law of Tien and Richmond was formulated. The properties of the material were assumed to be temperature dependent. The phase transformation was considered in the numerical calculation, and the results were compared with the case where phase transformation is avoided. The cylinder was heated rapidly; once the temperature of the outer surface exceeded the transformation temperature, the cylinder was rapidly cooled. Accordingly, in the numerical calculation, only the area at the vicinity of the outer surface was assumed to transform to martensite. The results showed that the compressive residual stresses at the vicinity of the outer surface were considerably higher than the tensile stresses at the center.
A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Cognitive, Affective, and Neurobiological Processes Underlying Human Suffering

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Classification of Diseases classify mental health disorders on the basis of their putatively distinct symptom profiles. Although these nosologies are highly influential, they also have been derided as mere “field guides” because they focus solely on the superficial symptomatic expression of psychiatric syndromes rather than on the commonalities underlying psychiatric disorders. Recently, an alternative transdiagnostic perspective has emerged. This review addresses transdiagnostic processes that underlie a wide range of psychosocial problems commonly addressed by social work practitioners. First, we describe how the transdiagnostic perspective differs from categorical views of psychopathology and accords more closely with scientific evidence. Next, we review current experimental psychopathology and neuroscience research to detail the cognitive, affective, and neurobiological features of five transdiagnostic processes. Finally, we d...
14.4: Design of a 250 GHz photonic band gap gyrotron amplifier

The design of a 250 GHz gyrotron traveling wave amplifier for nanosecond pulses with gain exceeding 50 dB is presented. The amplifier uses a novel photonic band gap (PBG) interaction circuit. The PBG interaction structure confines a TE 03 -like mode with comparable interaction efficiency to a circular waveguide, while providing lower-order mode suppression and distributed loss along the entire interaction circuit. The design of the input coupler, interaction circuit and electron gun will be discussed.
Can Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Identify Epileptogenic Tubers in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex? Correlation With α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan ([11C] AMT) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

In this study, we determined whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a more widely available imaging modality, is as effective as α-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT)-positron emission tomography (PET) in localizing epileptogenic tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex. Following that, coregistration of AMT-PET and diffusion tensor imaging scans apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in all tubers using a region-of-interest approach and were compared with AMT-PET tuber/cortex uptake ratios, which were used to differentiate between epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic tubers. Forty-three tubers, out of a total of 320 tubers, had AMT-PET uptake ratios greater than 1 and hence were classified as potentially epileptogenic. FA in epileptogenic tubers was reduced compared with the other tubers (P = .03). A significant negative correlation was observed between AMT-PET uptake ratio of epileptogenic tubers and FA values (r = -.45; P = .003). Tubers with higher AMT-PET uptake ratios corresponded well with lower FA values in tuberous sclerosis complex patients.
An assessment of the stationarity of climate and stream flow in watersheds of the Colorado River Basin

Several studies drawing upon general circulation models have investigated the potential impacts of future climate change on precipitation and runoff to stream flow in the southwest United States, suggesting reduced runoff in response to increasing temperatures and less precipitation. With the hydroclimatic changes considered to be underway, water management professionals have been counseled to abandon historical assumptions of stationarity in the natural systems governing surface water replenishments. Stationarity is predicated upon an assumption that the generating process is in equilibrium around an underlying mean and that variance remains constant over time. The implications of a more arid future are significant for surface water resources in the semi-arid Colorado River Basin (CRB). To examine the evidence of forthcoming change, eight sub-basins were identified for this study having unregulated runoff to stream flow gages, providing a 22% spatial sampling of the CRB. Their long-term record of surface temperature and precipitation along with corresponding gage records were evaluated with time series analysis methods and testing criteria established per statistical definitions of stationarity. Statistically significant temperature increases in all sub-basins were found, with persistently non-stationary time series in the recent record relative to the earlier historical record. However, tests of precipitation and runoff did not reveal persistent reductions, indicating that they remain stationary processes. Their transitions through periods of drought and excess have been characterized, with precipitation and stream flows found to be currently close to their long-term average. The evidence also indicates that resolving precipitation and runoff trends amidst natural modes of variability will be challenging and unlikely within the next several decades. Abandonment of stationarity assumptions for the CRB is not necessarily supported by the evidence, making it premature to discard its historical record as an instrument by which to assess sustainability of water resource systems.
Identification of Sulfonamides by NMR Spectroscopy

A classification scheme based on the NMR spectra of 21 sulfonamides was developed. This scheme permits the rapid and simple identification of these drugs when they are encountered as unknowns.
Limitations in tandem scanning confocal microscopy as a diagnostic tool for microbial keratitis

One potential application of tandem scanning confocal microscopy is the detection of in vivo pathogens. Our study of an experimental model of Acanthamoeba keratitis demonstrates that while this technology can successfully detect certain organisms, there are currently limitations. These limitations relate to instrument configuration, movement of either the tissue or the microscope, difficulty in reproducibly returning to the area of interest for serial examination, the lack of a distinctive morphology of some pathogens, and limited resolution of the microscope.
Culture, Nature, and History: The Case of Ancient Sexuality

This article analyzes the configuration of biology, anthropology, and history over the last generation by taking the sub-field of the “history of sexuality” as a case study. The history of sexuality developed at a particularly important site of engagement with neighboring disciplines. I argue that the concepts of nature and culture that came to prevail among historians of sexuality were deeply influenced by the debate between a particular strand of evolutionary biology, namely sociobiology, and its critics, who were committed to cultural hermeneutics. This debate encouraged a formulation of nature and culture which is effectively dualist and which remains present within the sub-field. By focusing the analysis on the study of ancient (classical Mediterranean) sexuality, I seek detailed insights into the reception of this debate within a specific domain of historical investigation, one whose stakes have been particularly high because of the intervention of Michel Foucault. The article closes by arguing that biologists and anthropologists in the last two decades have advanced the study of culture as a part of nature, and that historians have much to gain by engaging with more recent models. The institution of monogamy is highlighted as an emerging theme of investigation that can only be approached with the unified insights of history, anthropology, and biology.
Surgical approaches to thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a rare but debilitating condition. It is most commonly diagnosed in the Japanese population. If left untreated, significant myelopathy and weakness can ensue. Anterior decompression and stabilization is effective but technically demanding and is associated with high rate of complications. Posterior laminectomy appears to be an acceptable approach with lower risks. This work reviews the published literature on this topic and highlights the salient points.
Ventricular Fibrillation During Swimming in a Patient With Long-QT Syndrome

A 32-year-old woman was diagnosed with long-QT syndrome in 1997. One year later, a single-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was implanted after multiple episodes of syncope. She has had no syncope or ICD discharge during the last 19 months. She passed out while swimming. She was pulled from the water semiconscious by her 13-year-old daughter and did not remember receiving an …
Sea surface salinity roughness correction at L-band for Aquarius instrument

Aquarius/SAC-D is a joint NASA/CONAE (Argentine Space Agency) Earth Science satellite mission to measure the global sea surface salinity (SSS). The prime remote sensor is an L-band microwave radiometer to measure ocean blackbody emission (brightness temperature, Tb), which depends upon the sea surface temperature and SSS. The application of L-band radiometry to measure SSS is a difficult task, and there are many Tb corrections that must be made correctly to obtain accurate SSS data. One of the major error sources is the effect of ocean roughness that “warms” the ocean Tb. The Aquarius baseline approach uses the coincident radar scatterometer to provide this ocean roughness correction through the correlation of radar backscatter with the excess ocean emissivity without directly measuring the surface wind speed. This paper provides an alternative approach using a theoretical Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) driven by numerical weather forecast model for ocean surface wind vector. The theoretical basis of our algorithm is described and results are compared with the AQ baseline scatterometer method.
Laser-induced emission of CaF2-Tb3+ at room and low temperatures☆

Abstract Laser-induced emission spectra of CaF2-Tb3+ at room and low temperatures excited via the 4765, 4880 and 4965 A lines of an argon ion laser consist primarily of two groups of emission lines which are dependent upon both the excitation wavelength and the temperature. Group I is obtained at all excitation wavelengths whereas group II is virtually missing from the emission spectra excited at 4765 A. Based upon the Stark splitting of the emission spectra recorded and their comparison with appropriate emission spectra of Tb3+ in hosts of known symmetry, groups I and II are tentatively assigned to the C4v and C3v sites respectively of Tb3+.
Analysis of Achromobactin Biosynthesis by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a is known to produce the siderophore pyoverdine under iron-limited conditions. It has also been proposed that this pathovar has the ability to produce a second siderophore, achromobactin. Here we present genetic and biochemical evidence supporting the hypothesis that P. syringae pv. syringae B728a produces both of these siderophores. We show that strains unable to synthesize either pyoverdine or achromobactin are unable to grow under iron-limiting conditions, which is consistent with these two molecules being the only siderophores synthesized by P. syringae pv. syringae B728a. Enzymes associated with achromobactin biosynthesis were purified and analyzed for substrate recognition. We showed that AcsD, AcsA, and AcsC together are able to condense citrate, ethanolamine, 2,4-diaminobutyrate, and α-ketoglutarate into achromobactin. Replacement of ethanolamine with ethylene diamine or 1,3-diaminopropane in these reactions resulted in the formation of achromobactin analogs that were biologically active. This work provides insights into the biosynthetic steps in the formation of achromobactin and is the first in vitro reconstitution of achromobactin biosynthesis.
Photoreactions of melanin: a new transient species and evidence for triplet state involvement.

Abstract The detection of a new transient species in photoirradiated natural and synthetic melanins is reported. This species decays rapidly at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures and has an electron spin resonance spectrum whose time-profile reveals spin polarization effects (chemically induced dynamic electron polarization) characteristic of triplet state involvement. A possible mechanism for light absorption and degradation by melanins is suggested.
The dynamics of high compression of laser fusion targets

The dynamics of laser-imploded pellets are studied to isolate those features which are essential to achieving high compression and large ρR. Under the ideal conditions assumed here (e.g. no photon or electron preheat), the three-parameter hinged-ramp pulse (an appropriate sum of two linear ramps) is shown to reproduce the behaviour of optimal (i.e. singular) pulses and is used to investigate and control the hydrodynamics of the implosion.
Computational modeling of phase transformations and mechanical properties during the cooling of hot rolled rod

Abstract Recently, great emphasis has been placed on controlled the cooling of hot rolled steel rods to achieve the desired microstructure and final mechanical properties. The approach is to develop the desired microstructure and temperature in the hot rolled rod and then transform it from the austenite phase to different volume fractions of martensite, bainite, pearlite and ferrite phases. This paper presents a computational approach to grain size evolution and finishing temperature predictions during the rolling process using Sellar’s evolution equations. This is followed by digitization of the continuous cooling curves to determine the volume fraction of various phases as the hot rolled rod transforms during the post rolling cooling. The mechanical properties are evaluated using the volume fractions of transformed phases using standard relationships for steels. These evolution—transformation—property relations are implemented in a 3D finite element program that uses a rigid–viscoplastic materials model and has a microstructure-based flow stress module. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to an eight pass square-to-round bar rolling sequence. Such an approach has been shown to be a powerful analysis tool that can be used as an inexpensive alternative to the traditional trial-and-error approach in roll pass design.
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-ylcarbene can ring expand

Abstract Generation of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-ylcarbene from a hydrocarbon precursor avoids the problems that attend generation from nitrogenous molecules and allows the determination that such carbenes can ring expand to bridgehead alkenes.
Production of green aromatics and olefins by catalytic fast pyrolysis of wood sawdust

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust and furan (a model biomass compound) with ZSM-5 based catalysts was studied with three different reactors: a bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor, a fixed bed reactor and a semi-batch pyroprobe reactor. The highest aromatic yield from sawdust of 14% carbon in the fluidized bed reactor was obtained at low biomass weight hourly space velocities (less than 0.5 h−1) and high temperature (600 °C). Olefins (primarily ethylene and propylene) were also produced with a carbon yield of 5.4% carbon. The biomass weight hourly space velocity and the reactor temperature can be used to control both aromatic yield and selectivity. At low biomass WHSV the more valuable monocyclic aromatics are produced and the formation of less valuable polycyclic aromatics is inhibited. Lowering the reaction temperature also results in more valuable monocyclic aromatics. The olefins produced during the reaction can be recycled to the reactor to produce additional aromatics. Propylene is more reactive than ethylene. Co-feeding propylene to the reactor results in a higher aromatic yield in both continuous reactors and higher conversion of the intermediate furan in the fixed bed reactor. When olefins are recycled aromatic yields from wood of 20% carbon can be obtained. After ten reaction–regeneration cycles there were metal impurities deposited on the catalyst, however, the acid sites on the zeolite are not affected. Of the three reactors tested the batch pyroprobe reactor yielded the most aromatics, however, the aromatic product is largely naphthalene. The continuous reactors produce less naphthalene and the sum of aromatics plus olefin products is higher than the pyroprobe reactor.
Alteration in regional tissue oxygenation of preterm infants during placement in the semi-upright seating position

We investigated whether the cerebral (rSO2-C %) and renal (rSO2-R %) tissue oxygenation of preterm infants is altered by repositioning from the supine to semi-upright position for pre-discharge car seat testing. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure rSO2-C and rSO2-R, which were recorded simultaneously with vital signs in 15 preterm infants for 30 minutes in supine, 60 minutes in the semi-upright (at 45 degrees in a car seat), and 30 minutes in the post-semi-upright (supine) position. Changes in rSO2-C and SO2-R were mostly within 1 Standard Deviation (SD) of baseline mean levels in the supine position. Decrease in rSO2-C and rSO2-R (more than 1SD below baseline mean) was recorded in 26.7% and 6.6% of infants respectively, which persisted even after adjustment for variation in heart and respiratory rate, and pulse oximeter measured oxygen saturation (P, 0.0001). Re-positioning the infants from the car seat to supine position was associated with normalization of the rSO2-C. Alteration in rSO2-C and rSO2-R in a car seat was independent from the gestational and post-conception age, weight and presence of anemia. We concluded that approximately one-third of preterm infants show minor reduction of cerebral tissue oxygenation in the semi-upright (car seat) position.
Bone age assessment for young children from newborn to 7-year-old using carpal bones

A computer-aided-diagnosis (CAD) method has been previously developed based on features extracted from phalangeal regions of interest (ROI) in a digital hand atlas, which can assess bone age of children from ages 7 to 18 accurately. Therefore, in order to assess the bone age of children in younger ages, the inclusion of carpal bones is necessary. In this paper, we developed and implemented a knowledge-based method for fully automatic carpal bone segmentation and morphological feature analysis. Fuzzy classification was then used to assess the bone age based on the selected features. Last year, we presented carpal bone segmentation algorithm. This year, research works on procedures after carpal bone segmentation including carpal bone identification, feature analysis and fuzzy system for bone age assessment is presented. This method has been successfully applied on all cases in which carpal bones have not overlapped. CAD results of total about 205 cases from the digital hand atlas were evaluated against subject chronological age as well as readings of two radiologists. It was found that the carpal ROI provides reliable information in determining the bone age for young children from newborn to 7-year-old.
Interaction of Counseling Rapport and Topics Discussed in Sessions with Methadone Treatment Clients

Therapeutic rapport between counselors and clients in drug user treatment has been shown to be an important predictor of follow-up outcomes. This naturalistic study investigated the relationship of...
Chapter 3 Reflection and communication: Cognitive considerations in school mathematics reform

Abstract The mathematics education reform efforts in the United States are shaped partially by our understanding of how students learn mathematics. Two traditions in psychology influence our current thinking most forcefully — cognitive psychology with its emphasis on individual mental operations and social cognition with its emphasis on context and group interaction. Reflection and communication, as cognitive processes and as representatives of these respective traditions, are used to establish the cognitive-based rationale for the reform and to analyze the nature of recommended changes. Issues addressed include the interdependence of reflection and communication and the way in which these processes can be used to analyze aspects of the school mathematics program, such as the way textbooks ordinarily treat written symbols. Although the theoretical arguments for reflection and communication are being increasingly well-articulated, the empirical data that address the claims are comparatively sparse. Future research efforts should aim to test theoretical claims for reflection and communication and to increase our understanding of the relationships between these cognitive processes and learning mathematics.
A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer.

In a male-based revision of ants of the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the Southwest Indian Ocean islands (SWIO: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion, and Seychelles), we explore and reconsider male morphological characters that distinguish genera within the group. Our investigation redefines Amblyopone Erichson sensu Brown (1960), here referred to as Amblyopone sensu lato, into three genera: Xymmer Santschi stat. rev., Amblyopone sensu stricto, Stigmatomma Roger stat. rev. All species names under Amblyopone s. l. reassign into Xymmer and Amblyopone s. s., which are small, well-defined genera, and Stigmatomma, a large group with a generic delimitation that still needs further refinement. Based on a study of male mandible characters and our scenario for mandibular evolution of the worker caste within Amblyopone s. l, we conclude that Amblyopone s. s. nests outside of XMAS (Xymmer+Mystrium+Adetomyrma+Stigmatomma) clade. The following names are transferred from Amblyopone s. l. to Xymmer as comb. rev.: muticus. The following names are transferred from Amblyopone s. l. to Stigmatomma as comb. rev.: amblyops, armigerum, bellii, bierigi, bruni, celata, chilense, denticulatum, elongatum, emeryi, feae, impressifrons, luzonicum, minuta, normandi, oregonense, pallipes, quadratum, reclinatum, rothneyi, santschii, saundersi, silvestrii, zwaluwenburgi; as comb. nov.: agostii, annae, besucheti, boltoni, caliginosum, cleae, crenatum, degeneratum, egregium, electrinum, eminia, exiguum, falcatum, ferrugineum, fulvidum, gaetulicum, gingivalis, glauerti, gnoma, gracile, groehni, heraldoi, lucidum, lurilabes, monrosi, mystriops, noonadan, octodentatum, ophthalmicum, orizabanum, papuanum, pertinax, pluto, punctulatum, rubiginoum, sakaii, smithi, trigonignathum, trilobum, wilsoni, zaojun, and testaceum. A male-based key to the genera of Malagasy amblyoponine ants, their diagnoses, and a discussion of the evolution of the morphological character of males in the subfamily are given, and the distinguishing characters of each are illustrated. In addition, our results predict that Paraprionopelta belongs in the XMAS clade and that Concoctio should have males with two mandibular teeth.
On bounding time and space for multiprocessor garbage collection

This paper presents the first multiprocessor garbage collection algorithm with provable bounds on time and space. The algorithm is a real-time shared-memory copying collector. We prove that the algorithm requires at most 2(R(l + 2/k) + N + 5PD) memory locations, where P is the number of processors, R is the maximum reachable space during a computation (number of locations accessible from the root set), N is the maximum number of reachable objects, D is the maximum depth of any data object, and k is a parameter specifying how many locations are copied each time a location is allocated. Furthermore we show that client threads are never stopped for more than time proportional to k non-blocking machine instructions. The bounds are guaranteed even with arbitrary length arrays. The collector only requires write-barriers (reads are unaffected by the collector), makes few assumptions about the threads that are generating the garbage, and allows them to run mostly asynchronously.
Relation of Albuminuria to Left Ventricular Mass (from the HyperGEN Study)

Although albuminuria has been associated with a larger left ventricular (LV) mass in hypertensive and diabetic populations, little is known about this association in normotensive adults. We hypothesized that albuminuria is positively associated with LV mass in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. We analyzed data from 3,445 participants of the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) Study (mean age 48.6 ± 13.7 years, range 18 to 87, 57% women). LV parameters were obtained by echocardiography. Urinary albumin was estimated using standard methods. From the lowest to highest quartile of albuminuria, multivariable adjusted means of LV mass indexed to body surface area were 71.9, 73.3, 74.0, and 76.5 g/m 2 , respectively (p for trend=0.002) in normotensive participants. Corresponding values for hypertensive subjects were 87.4, 89.3, 92.3, and 94.9 g/m 2 , respectively (p for trend 2.7 . In secondary analyses, we found similar associations for men and women and after exclusion of subjects with diabetes. Furthermore, positive associations were observed between albuminuria and LV wall thickness in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Albuminuria was negatively related to ejection fraction only in hypertensive subjects. In conclusion, these results suggest that albuminuria is positively associated with LV mass in normotensive subjects as it is in hypertensive subjects.
Antibody Epitopes on the Neuraminidase of a Recent H3N2 Influenza Virus (A/Memphis/31/98)

We have characterized monoclonal antibodies raised against the neuraminidase (NA) of a Sydney-like influenza virus (A/Memphis/31/98, H3N2) in a reassortant virus A/NWS/33HA-A/Mem/31/98NA (H1N2) and nine escape mutants selected by these monoclonal antibodies. Five of the antibodies use the same heavy chain VDJ genes and may not be independent. Another antibody, Mem5, uses the same VH and J genes with a different D gene and different isotype. Sequence changes in escape mutants selected by these antibodies occur in two loops of the NA, at amino acid 198, 199, 220, or 221. These amino acids are located on the opposite side of the NA monomer to the major epitopes found in N9 and early N2 NAs. Escape mutants with a change at 198 have reduced NA activity compared to the wild-type virus. Asp198 points toward the substrate binding pocket, and we had previously found that a site-directed mutation of this amino acid resulted in a loss of enzyme activity (M. R. Lentz, R. G. Webster, and G. M. Air, Biochemistry 26:5351-5358, 1987). Mutations at residue 199, 220, or 221 did not alter the NA activity significantly compared to that of wild-type NA. A 3.5-A structure of Mem5 Fab complexed with the Mem/98 NA shows that the Mem5 antibody binds at the sites of escape mutation selected by the other antibodies.
Dynamic Assessment of Morphological Awareness and Third-Grade Literacy Success

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine a dynamic assessment with graduated prompts to assess morphological awareness and determine whether such a task was related to third-grade literacy success. Method A dynamic assessment of morphological awareness was adapted and administered to 54 third-grade students in addition to a norm-referenced language and literacy battery. Results A dynamic assessment of morphological awareness measured a range of performance including that of emerging morphological awareness abilities and provided rich linguistic insights for how best to scaffold and prompt for such a skill. In addition, the dynamic morphological awareness measure was found to be significantly related to, and to contribute unique variance to, reading comprehension abilities. Conclusions These results suggest that morphological awareness is an important factor to consider when addressing students' literacy performance in early elementary school and that dynamic assessment appears to be a clinically v...
Structural and mechanistic studies of tunable, stable, fast multi-cobalt water oxidation catalysts

ABSTRACT New multi-cobalt-containing polyoxometalates (POMs) are solubl e, fast and tunable water oxidation catalysts (WOCs). We report additional studies of [Co 4 (H 2 O) 2 (PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ] 10- (1), a very fast, soluble and oxidative stable WOC: new kinetics data further indicate that Co 2+ is not kinetically important in water oxidations catalyzed by 1. Second, we report a new WOC, [{Co 4 (µ-OH)(H 2 O) 3 }(Si 2 W 19 O 70 )] 11 that coexists in a 1:1 ratio in the solid state (2a and 2b ), and while it is oxidatively stable, it is not hydrolytically stable, rearranging to [Co(H 2 O)SiW 11 O 39 ] 6 in aqueous solution. All these studies provide insights relating structural, electronic and othe r features of these WOCs to their reactivity and stability. Keywords: water oxidation catalysts, water splitting, artificial photosynthesis 1. INTRODUCTION The development of effective water oxida tion catalysts (WOCs) is a central cha llenge in the production of green energy using water as electron source, including th e solar splitting of water and reduction of CO
A Mood Management Intervention in an Internet Stop Smoking Randomized Controlled Trial Does Not Prevent Depression: A Cautionary Tale.

Smoking and depression are related, and mood management interventions included in smoking cessation interventions can increase smoking abstinence rates. Could a mood management intervention embedded in an Internet-based smoking cessation intervention prevent major depressive episodes? Spanish- and English-speaking smokers (N = 17,430) from 191 countries were randomized to one of four online self-help intervention conditions (two with mood management). We analyzed preventive effects among those participants without a major depressive episode at baseline. The mood management intervention did not reduce the incidence of major depressive episodes in the following 12 months. However, we found a mood management by depression risk interaction (OR = 1.77, p = .004), such that high-risk participants who received the mood management intervention had an increased occurrence of major depressive episodes (32.8% vs. 26.6%), but not low-risk participants (11.6% vs. 10.8%). Further research on whether mood management int...
Progress towards a high-resolution retinal prosthesis

Electronic retinal prostheses represent a potentially effective approach for restoring some degree of sight in blind patients with retinal degeneration. Functional restoration of sight would require hundreds to thousands of electrodes effectively stimulating remaining neurons in the retina. We present a design of an optoelectronic retinal prosthetic system having 3mm diameter retinal implant with pixel sizes down to 25 micrometers, which allows for natural eye scanning for observing a large field of view, as well as spatial and temporal processing of the visual scene to optimize the patient experience. Information from a head mounted video camera is processed in a portable computer and delivered to the implanted photodiode array by projection from the LCD goggles using pulsed IR (810 nm) light. Each photodiode converts pulsed light (0.5 ms in duration) into electric current with efficiency of 0.3 A/W using common biphasic power line. Power is provided by the inductively-coupled RF link from the coil on the goggles into a miniature power supply implanted between the sclera and the conjuctiva, and connected to subretinal implant with a thin 2-wire trans-scleral cable. 3-dimensional structures in the subretinal prosthesis induce retinal migration and thus ensure close proximity between stimulating electrodes and the target retinal neurons. Subretinal implantations of the 3-dimentional pillar and chamber arrays in RCS rats with 2 and 6 week follow-up demonstrate achievement of intimate proximity between the stimulation cites and the inner nuclear layer. In some instances formation of a fibrotic seal has been observed.
Preparation and NMR study of silylated carboxonium ions.

A series of silylated carboxonium ions, 2a−6a, were prepared as long-lived species by treating triethylsilane and triphenylmethyl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (Ph3C+B(C6F5)4-) with ketones, enones, carbonates, amides, and urea in CD2Cl2 solution. They were characterized by 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy at −78 °C. The NMR study indicates that the silylated carbonyl compounds are resonance hybrids of oxocarbenium and carboxonium ions, while the latter are the major contributors to the overall structures. The structure and 13C and 29Si NMR chemical shifts of the model trimethylsilylated carboxonium ions were also calculated by density functional theory/IGLO methods. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data.
Physiology of Pyrimidines

THREE pyrimidines have been found to occur in Nature as constituents of the nucleoproteins, the chief protein material of the cell nucleus. These pyrimidines are: uracil, thymine and cytosine. Recent investigations on the chemical structure of two vitamins, namely, vitamin B1 and riboflavin, have shown that in these substances we are also dealing with pyrimidine derivatives. In spite of the widespread occurrence of the three pyrimidines present in the nucleic acid molecule, very little is known regarding the function of these substances in the animal economy.
FK506 AND THE ROLE OF IMMUNOPHILINS IN NERVE REGENERATION

FK506 is a new FDA-approved immunosuppressant used for prevention of allograft rejection in, for example, liver and kidney transplantations. FK506 is inactive by itself and requires binding to an FK506 binding protein-12 (FKBP-12), or immunophilin, for activation. In this regard, FK506 is analogous to cyclosporin A, which must bind to its immunophilin (cyclophilin A) to display activity. This FK506-FKBP complex inhibits the activity of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), the basis for the immunosuppressant action of FK506. The discovery that immunophilins are also present in the nervous system introduces a new level of complexity in the regulation of neuronal function. Two important calcineurin targets in brain are the growth-associated protein GAP-43 and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS). This review focuses on studies showing that systemic administration of FK506 dose-dependently speeds nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats following a sciatic-nerve crush injury. The effect appears to result from an increased rate of axonal regeneration. The nerve regenerative property of this class of agents is separate from their immunosuppressant action because FK506-related compounds that bind to FKBP-12 but do not inhibit calcineurin are also able to increase nerve regeneration. Thus, FK506's ability to increase nerve regeneration arises via a calcineurin-independent mechanism (i.e., one not involving an increase in GAP-43 phosphorylation). Possible mechanisms of action are discussed in relation to known actions of FKBPs: the interaction of FKBP-12 with two Ca2+ release-channels (the ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors) which is disrupted by FK506, thereby increasing Ca2+ flux; the type 1 receptor for the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1), which stimulates nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis by glial cells, and is a natural ligand for FKBP-12; and the immunophilin FKBP-52/FKBP-59, which has also been identified as a heat-shock protein (HSP-56) and is a component of the nontransformed glucocorticoid receptor. Taken together, studies of FK506 indicate broad functional roles for the immunophilins in the nervous system. Both calcineurin-dependent (e.g., neuroprotection via reduced NO formation) and calcineurin-independent mechanisms (i.e., nerve regeneration) need to be invoked to explain the many different neuronal effects of FK506. This suggests that multiple immunophilins mediate FK506's neuronal effects. Novel, nonimmunosuppressant ligands for FKBPs may represent important new drugs for the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders.
Influence of Cracking on Equivalent SDOF Estimates of RC Frame Drift

Cracking, yielding, and softening of reinforced concrete cross sections influence the response of reinforced concrete structures to strong ground shaking. The accuracy of peak roof displacement estimates made using relatively simple “equivalent” single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models is investigated. Peak roof drifts of four multistory frames were determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis using high-fidelity models, in which cracking, yielding, and softening of components are explicitly represented in the multidegree-of-freedom model. Estimates of peak roof drift are made using low fidelity “equivalent” single-degree-of-freedom models, in which nonlinearity is represented using simple stiffness-degrading models that capture yielding and the initial stiffness of the model is set equal to the cracked stiffness. Roof drifts are examined for the four frames, each subjected to a suite of ten ground motion records scaled to five intensity levels, representing ordinary “far-field” motions. As might be expected, the influence of the uncracked stiffness on the accuracy of peak roof drift estimates was found to diminish with increasing roof drift. Of greater significance is that the uncracked stiffness had a negligible effect for roof drifts greater than approximately twice the yield drift. The simple estimates were reasonably accurate at these drift levels.
Simultaneous confidence bands for Cox regression from semiparametric random censorship

Cox regression is combined with semiparametric random censorship models to construct simultaneous confidence bands (SCBs) for subject-specific survival curves. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed SCBs with the SCBs that are based only on standard Cox. The new SCBs provide correct empirical coverage and are more informative. The proposed SCBs are illustrated with two real examples. An extension to handle missing censoring indicators is also outlined.
Radiative level shifts, I. Formulation and lowest order lamb shift

Abstract In a series of papers, we shall develop and apply formal operator techniques for radiative level shift calculations. This first paper is concerned with the general formulation of the method and its application to the evaluation of the lowest order Lamb shift. An effort has been made to keep it pedagogically coherent, and a detailed review of the various theoretical contributions and comparison with experiment has been included.