cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations among the tropical pacific wind and sea surface temperature fields and higher latitude circulation

An empirical study was conducted examining associations between seasonal trade wind and sea surface temperature (SST) fields in the eastern half of the tropical Pacific Ocean for the period 1949-1979. In addition, the tropical fields were statistically related to the extratropical circulation of the Northern Hemisphere (i.e. 700 mb heights). This study differs from most prior studies in that the trade wind field was examined primarily in terms of the horizontal trade wind divergence and seasonally stratified lag relationships were computed. Seasonally stratified autocorrelations of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) amplitudes (out to four seasons) indicated significant persistence of EOF1 of SST and divergence until spring-summer for any initial season; accordingly, spring and summer (summer and autumn) EOF1 for SST (divergence) exhibited the greatest persistence. For divergence some tendency for a reversal of sign was seen from the autumn, winter, or spring seasons to the following autumn, which may imply negative air-sea feedback mechanisms operating. Seasonally stratified cross correlations betwen the first EOF for SST and divergence indicated a significant contemporaneous relationship. When divergence leads SST, the relationship is significant at short lags (1-3 seasons) until spring as a target season is reached. The same is true when SST leads divergence except that a significant relationship returns with opposite sign in the subsequent summer and auiumn. Winter SST and divergence, in particular, are well correlated with prior values of the other parameter. When the tropical parameters were related to the extratropical circulation through correlation with gridded 700 mb heights, significant patterns were found only when winter 700 mb heights were the target parameter (i.e. tropical parameter leading winter 700 mb heights). Summer through winter tropical SST and divergence (EOF1) displays a good association with subsequent winter extratropical circulation in the form of an expanded/contracted circumpolar vortex. The relationship between trade wind divergence and subsequent winter circulation is significant using the prior winter (4 season lag), vanishes during spring, and returns with the opposite sign for summer through winter (lags 0-2). Using either SST or divergence, the observed relationships are stronger at lags 1 and 2 than at lag 0.
Authentication in Reprogramming of Sensor Networks for Mote Class Adversaries

Reprogramming is an essential service for wireless sensor networks. Authenticating reprogramming process is important as sensors need to verify that the code image is truly from a trusted source. There are two ways to achieve authentication: public key based and symmetric key based. Although previous work has shown that public key authentication is feasible on sensor nodes if used sparingly, it is still quite expensive compared to symmetric key based approach. In this paper, we propose a symmetric key based protocol for authenticating reprogramming process. Our protocol is based on the secret instantiation algorithm from, which requires only O(log n) keys to be maintained at each sensor. We integrate this algorithm with the existing reprogramming protocol. Through simulation, we show that it is able to authenticate reprogramming process at very low communication cost, and has very short delay.
Process Compensation Loops for High Speed Ring Oscillators in Sub-Micron CMOS

In this paper, we present two implementations of a closed-loop process compensation scheme for high speed ring oscillators-the comparator based and the switched capacitor based loops. We provide detailed discussion of the frequency accuracy, loop stability, and implementation cost for each design. More than 150 test chips from multiple wafer-runs in a 90 nm CMOS process verify that frequency accuracy of better than 2.6% can be achieved with the application of the proposed compensation loop. Moreover, by leveraging a low variation addition-based current source, we have demonstrated a fully-integrated 2.15 GHz ring oscillator with less than 4.6% frequency variation without external references or post fabrication calibration, which is 3.8 × improvement in frequency accuracy over the baseline case. The same compensation scheme can also alleviate frequency drift caused by temperature.
An economic perspective on transnational terrorism

This paper indicates how economic analysis can be applied for enlightened policy making with respect to transnational terrorism. Both theoretical tools (e.g., game theory and utility-maximizing models) and empirical techniques (e.g., time series and spectral analysis) are used to put modern-day terrorism into perspective and to suggest policy responses. From hostage negotiations to the installation of technological barriers (e.g., metal detectors, embassy fortification), economic methods are shown to provide policy insights. Transnational terrorism and efforts to address it are shown to involve transnational externalities and market failures. Strategic interactions abound in the study of transnational terrorism. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Quadratic weights for large scale regulators

A large-scale model is reduced to a low-order robust model by using principal component analysis. The low-order model is partitioned into (decoupled) subsystems by projecting the directions of strong influence in individual input(s) and output(s) on the state space of the reduced model. Quadratic weights are determined for the individual decoupled subsystems. These weights are used in the quadratic performance index for the reduced model. The quadratic weights for the original large-order model can easily be determined from the reduced performance index. The reduced performance index is sufficient to determine a robust low-order optimal controller for the large-order system. A ninth-order model of a chemical reactor having four inputs and three outputs is considered as an example. >
Fibrin monomer increases platelet adherence to tumor cells in a flowing system: A possible role in metastasis?

Considerable evidence exists linking hemostasis and malignancy. Platelet adhesion to tumor cells has been implicated in the metastatic process. Plasma fibrinogen (Fg) and fibrin (Fn) monomer, increased in cancer, may play a role in tumor biology. Binding of Fn monomer to tumor cells and its effect on platelet-tumor cell adhesion in a flowing system were studied. Fn monomer was produced by adding thrombin (1 micro/mL) to FXIII- and plasminogen-free Fg in the presence of Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) amide. Fn monomer binding to live A375 cells was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Adherent cells were perfused for 1h with Fn monomer, washed and stained in situ with anti-human Fn (American Biogenetic Sciences, Inc.) followed by goat anti-mouse IgG(FITC). Platelet adherence to Fn monomer treated A375 cells was performed under flow conditions by passing platelets (5x10(4)/microl 0.25 mL/min; labeled with the carbocyanine dye DiI) over the tumor cells for 30 min. CLSM images were obtained after washing. There was considerable binding of Fn monomer, but not Fg alone. Platelets adhered relatively weakly to untreated A375 cells and this was not significantly affected by pre-treatment of the tumor cells with fibrinogen or thrombin. However, pre-treatment with Fn monomer resulted in extensive platelet binding to tumor cells, suggesting that coagulation activation and the subsequent increase in circulating Fn monomer may enhance platelet adhesion to circulating tumor cells and thereby facilitate metastatic spread.
Complexity and behavioral ecology

Reductionism, the practice of predicting large system properties by adding up the measured behaviors of components, has had a long and successful run in recent science. However, in the last 2 decades, fields as diverse as physics, ecology, neurobiology, and economics have recognized that many complicated systems have emergent and self-organized properties that cannot be explained as the linear sum of components, but instead must be viewed as the potentially diverse outcomes of system nonlinearity. Despite some pioneering efforts to apply complexity theory to group movements and decision making, most behavioral ecologists have avoided invoking complexity perspectives in their research. In this essay, we argue that the reductionist focus on dyads in our field has largely run its course and that the next frontier is to examine whether and how social and communication networks function as complex nonlinear systems. To this end, we provide a sampling of topics within behavioral ecology where we think complexity theory may be illuminating.
Health Monitoring and Diagnosis of Solid Rocket Motors with Bore Cracks

AbstractA finite-element-based computational model is used to investigate the effects of bore cracking on stress distributions in solid rocket motors (SRMs) at various storage temperatures. Capabilities of a rocket-motor health-monitoring system are assessed based on the assumption that the proposed stress sensors are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inside of the motor case. A quantitative relationship is obtained between the crack depth and the sensor data to inversely estimate the size of bore cracks in the motor. It is shown that the proposed type of sensing system can detect critical bore cracks in SRMs.
Analysis of the Copolar Correlation Coefficient between Horizontal and Vertical Polarizations

Abstract Recent research has suggested that the copolar correlation coefficient termed ρhν(0) can be used to identity large hail and improve polarization estimates of rainfall. The typical measured values of ρhν(0) at S band vary approximately between 0.8 and 1.0. For applications to hail identification, the required accuracy should be within ±0.01, while for rainfall improvement a higher accuracy is necessary, for example, within ±0.001. The statistics of the estimator of ρhν(0) using the Gaussian spectrum approximation from both an analytical approach and using simulations are discussed. The standard deviation and bias in ρˆhν(0) are computed as a function of number of samples. Doppler spectral width, and mean value of ρhν(0). The effect of finite signal-to-noise ratio and phase noise are also studied using simulations. Several other estimators of ρhν(0) are evaluated, Time series data collected with the Colorado State University–University of Chicago and Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) radar ar...
Flexural Fatigue Tests of Prestressed Steel I-Beams

An experimental study is presented of the fatigue behavior of two prestressed steel I-beams with welded full length cover plates. Both beams were subjected to flexural repeated stresses that finally caused each beam to fail. The study was extended to determine the state of stress in the specimens. This was done by a sectioning method revealing that the welds were areas of high tensile stresses, probably near yield stress. Superimposing the repeated stress range on the observed residuals and comparing this with a modified Goodman diagram for as-received materials, showed that a substantial portion of the reduction in fatigue life could be due to the high residual stresses.
Conditional knockout of Nlgn2 in the adult medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) induces delayed loss of inhibitory synapses

Conditional knockout of Nlgn2 in the adult medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) induces delayed loss of inhibitory synapses
Experimental and computational studies on the thermal behavior and fire retardant properties of composite metal foams

Abstract A comprehensive experimental and computational evaluation of thermal behavior and fire retardant properties of composite metal foams (CMFs) is reported in this study. Thermal behavior characterizations were carried out through specific heat, effective thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion analyses using differential scanning calorimetry, high temperature guarded-comparative-longitudinal heat flow technique, and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), respectively. The experimental results were compared with analytical results obtained from, respectively, rule of mixture, Brailsford and Major's model, and modified Turner's model for verification. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) standards were employed as regulatory standards and criteria for fire retardant property study. The results revealed a superior thermal resistance and fire survivability of CMFs compared to 304L stainless steel. A physics-based three-dimensional model accounting for heat conduction was built using Finite Element Analysis to validate the reliability of the experimental results. The model led to a good reproduction of the experimentally measured data when comparing CMF to bulk stainless steel. This research indicates that one of the potential applications of lightweight CMFs can be in nuclear spent fuel casks replacing conventional structural and radiation shielding materials with demonstrated benefits of excellent thermal isolation, fire retardant, light weight and energy absorption capabilities.
Determining Optimum Price Promotion Quantities

A method for the determination of an optimal selling quantity for price-promoted items is described.
Measuring the Dynamic Effects of Promotions on Brand Choice

Promotions are being used with increasing frequency by manufacturers facing highly competitive markets, which is causing concern among some marketers who feel that frequent promotions can hurt a br...
Analytical and numerical treatment of resistive drift instability in a plasma slab

An analytic approach combining the effect of equilibrium diamagnetic flows and the finite ionsound gyroradius associated with electron−ion decoupling and kinetic Alfven wave dispersion is derived to study resistive drift instabilities in a plasma slab. Linear numerical computations using the NIMROD code are performed with cold ions and hot electrons in a plasma slab with a doubly periodic box bounded by two perfectly conducting walls. A linearly unstable resistive drift mode is observed in computations with a growth rate that is consistent with the analytic dispersion relation. The resistive drift mode is expected to be suppressed by magnetic shear in unbounded domains, but the mode is observed in numerical computations with and without magnetic shear. In the slab model, the finite slab thickness and the perfectly conducting boundary conditions are likely to account for the lack of suppression.
Milk Progesterone as a Diagnostic Aid

SUMMARY Methods of obtaining, storing and assaying milk samples have been studied. Under field conditions last milk has been preferable, with either whole milk or butter-fat used in the RIA. Progesterone is very stable in storage. Herds using artificial insemination, and free from known diseases, have tended to have lower fertility as herd size and level of milk production increased. Milk progesterone analysis revealed that most cows were cycling normally by 50 days post partum, but frequently were not seen in oestrus or oestrus was inaccurately detected. Cows on a high, medium or low energy ration had their first post-partum milk progesterone cycle start on average 24, 24 and 31 days after calving respectively. Observed oestrus occurred later and was more variable. With the selected use of heat mount detectors, chalk, electronic probes and computerized reproduction management guides, the problem of missed oestrus can largely be overcome. Milk progesterone can serve as a non-pregnancy test with 98% accuracy about three weeks after insemination. This focuses attention on cows requiring reinsemination and frequently results in observed oestrus and insemination without missing a cycle. Milk progesterone also was useful in distinguishing between cows with follicular cysts, luteinized follicles and persistent corpora lutea, and in evaluating experimental and clinical trials using GnRH. Palpation of the reproductive organs per rectum at about six weeks is recommended as a final check of pregnancy. Embryo mortality between 28 and 75 days was estimated by progesterone analyses to be 7.2%.
Changes in Song Dialect Distributions and Microgeographic Variation in Song of White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli)

Etude menee dans diverses regions de Californie. Repartition des dialectes; elle varie lorsque la population de Z.l. envahit une aire nouvelle ou la vegetation a ete modifiee. La structure de base des dialectes n'a pas change en 18 annees et la structure fine, mesuree par 21 variables, n'a pas change entre les 2 annees d'echantillonnage
Anti-antibodies and Anti-idiotype Immunoregulation, 1899–1904

Ehrlich's side-chain theory is a concept of antibody formation; it speculated broadly about the structure and function of antibody. Implicit in the side-chain theory is a startling conceptual anticipation of the future—that the binding site of an antibody is a unique structure and might be immunogenic; that an anti-antibody might be formed against the specific site; that the shape of the anti-antibody combining site would be that of the corresponding antigen against which the original antibody was specific; and that this complex of antibodies and anti-antibodies might serve a very important immunoregulatory role in protecting against such undesirable events as autoimmunization. All of these consequences of the side-chain theory, and more, were recognized and explicitly developed between 1899 and 1902 by the imaginative and implacably logical Paul Ehrlich, with occasional contributions also from Jules Bordet, Alexandre Besredka, and others. The first significant stirrings of modern interest in anti-antibodies date from the 1950s, and owe their origins to three different lines of attack. The first was purely theoretical, and stemmed from the fertile imagination of Victor Najjar. Najjar assumed that the interaction of antibody with antigen leads to a change in molecular conformation which is immunogenic, leading to the development of a “cascade” of further anti-antibody reactants to the first and then to subsequent immunecomplexes, the entire process finally achieving a steady state.
Allport and Murray on Allport’s Personality

In the winter of 1946–1947, graduate students in the Department of Social Relations at Harvard, then in its second year, heard Gordon Allport, Henry Murray, and Kurt Lewin each talk about his distinctive approach to personality in the presence of the others and comment about the others’ theories. New graduate students were then required to participate in two proseminars: one on methods chaired by Jerome S. Bruner, the other on concepts led by Talcott Parsons. Most of the advanced students turned out for the occasions (December 15, 1946, and January 6, 1947) when these three originators of personality psychology held forth. I was a privileged participant and took full telegraphic notes. I remember sharing the common feeling that we were participating in a joust of Olympians. When I returned to my notes a quarter century later, they still evoked for me the excitement of the occasion. I select here the interchange between Allport and Murray on Allport’s theory. What follows is a paraphrase rather than a verbatim recording. I try, however, to err on the side of fidelity rather than felicity of expression. I let each protagonist speak in the first person.
Absolute Lymphocyte Counts Refine MRD-Based Risk Stratification in Pediatric ALL.

Abstract Abstract 1593 Poster Board I-619 Many studies have now demonstrated the prognostic utility of measuring lymphocyte counts before, during and after non-transplant therapy in a wide range of malignancies. In children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), low absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) during induction chemotherapy are a strong predictor of adverse outcome, however the role of ALC in the era of minimal residual disease (MRD) is not known. We reviewed 171 pediatric patients with de novo ALL, age 1-21 years, treated at two institutions on the Children's Oncology Group P9900 series of trials from 2000-2006. Variables analyzed included ALC at diagnosis and days 15, 22 and 29 of induction chemotherapy; and other features including age, cytogenetics, WBC, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelets, therapeutic regimen, and minimal residual disease (MRD) status at day 29 (MRD-29). ALC at each time-point was evaluated for prognostic ability by univariate and multivariate analysis. Cut-point determined by Martingale residual analysis. We found high ALC at induction day 29 (ALC-29) to be predictive of improved relapse-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), with a cut-point of 1500 cells/mL demonstrating the greatest predictive power. Patients with ALC-29 > versus 0.01%, age >10y, WBC >50k, and favorable/unfavorable cytogenetics (HR 6.8, p=0.022). We found that ALC-29 discriminated subgroups with distinct differences in outcome among patients categorized by MRD-29. Among patients with MRD-29 1500 had an excellent EFS/OS of 88/99% (HR 2.7/13.2, p=0.038/0.021). Most strikingly, among patients who were MRD positive (MRD-29 >0.01%), those with ALC-29 1500 who had a markedly superior EFS/OS of 69/92% (HR 2.0/9.1, p=0.24/0.041), providing clinically meaningful differences of 36% EFS and 51% OS. At 7 years the combination of ALC-29 and MRD-29 identifies three prognostic groups: a favorable group containing 60% of patients with EFS/OS 86/99% (MRDneg/ALChi), an intermediate group containing 32% of patients with EFS/OS 59-69/81-92% (MRDpos/ALChi and MRDneg/ALClo), and a very poor prognosis group containing 8% of patients with EFS/OS 33/41% (MRDpos/ALClo). These results suggest that ALC, a simple and readily obtainable test, constitutes a novel and powerful prognostic factor in children and young adults with ALL. ALC has prognostic significance that is independent of MRD and other known risk factors, and may refine MRD-based risk stratification, notably with the ability to identify a subset of MRD-positive patients with a good prognosis. Moreover, the association of higher ALC with improved outcome suggests an important role for host immune surveillance in mediating survival in childhood ALL. Download : Download high-res image (126KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
What and How to Communicate CSR? The Role of CSR fit, Modality Interactivity, and Message Interactivity on Social Networking Sites

ABSTRACTThe current study explored how organizations can build credibility of their CSR communication in social media. In particular the study investigated the role of CSR fit, modality interactivity and message interactivity through a 2 × 2 × 3 experimental design (N = 299). The results suggest that promoting CSR activities with a good fit for the organization leads to greater credibility. Message interactivity also leads to greater credibility perception by way of imbuing a sense of social presence and openness to communication; however, modality interactivity did not significantly influence credibility. Additional analysis suggests an interaction between CSR fit and message interactivity that makes fit critical in low-interactivity settings. Implications for public relations research and practice are discussed.
Increased System Consistency through Incorporation of Coupling in Value-Based Systems Engineering

The design of large-scale complex engineered systems involves hundreds to thousands of designers making decisions across different organizations and at different levels of organizational hierarchy. These systems are designed within a systems engineering framework, where requirements are used as proxies for stakeholder preference. Requirements drive the development process and are flowed across organizations and down through the organizational hierarchies. Value-driven design offers a new perspective where the preferences of the stakeholder are communicated directly through a decomposable value function, rather than decomposable requirements, thereby enabling improved consistency in system preference. This paper investigates two key aspects of achieving improved system consistency through a value-based systems engineering approach, using a commercial satellite system as a testbed. The paper first contrasts the diverse systems that result from traditional requirements-based versus preference-based formulations, demonstrating how a value-based approach aids in capturing the true preferences of the stakeholder in problem formulation. The paper demonstrates the importance of using system couplings to enable an improved accuracy for value function decomposition. The paper demonstrates that ensuring system analysis consistency through use of system sensitivities can overcome issues pertaining to: dependencies of attributes; inadequately capturing system interactions; and direct modification of attributes to determine value impact.
Pain interference and depressive symptoms in communicative people with Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study.

ABSTRACTObjectives: To examine pain interference in verbally communicative older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to examine the association of pain interference with cognitive function and depressive symptoms.Method: For this pilot study, we used a cross-sectional design to examine pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Exam), and depressive symptoms (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale) in 52 older (≥65) communicative adults with AD who reported being free from chronic pain requiring daily analgesics.Results: Pain was reported to interfere with general activity (13.5%), mood (13.5%), walking ability (13.5%), normal work (11.5%), enjoyment of life (11.5%), relationships with other people (9.6%), and sleep (9.6%). Pain interference was significantly positively correlated with both cognitive function (rs = 0.46, p = 0.001) and depressive symptomology (rs = 0.45, p = 0.001), indicating that greater reported pain interference was ass...
Amount and quality of sleep: exploring the role of stress and work experience in a sample of obstetrician-gynecologists.

AbstractIntroduction: Sufficient sleep is necessary for optimal performance and the delivery of safe and effective health care. To establish an empirical understanding of physician fatigue, the present study investigated the factors that contributed to the amount and the quality of sleep among obstetricians and gynecologists (ob-gyns).Methods: A survey of personal and work experiences was sent to 495 eligible physicians belonging to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Data were obtained from 287 ob-gyns for a response rate of 58.0%. Associations between sleep-related items and measures of stress and work-related factors were explored.Results: Ob-gyns in our sample reported sleeping an average of 6.5 hours a night with 29.2% indicating that they received very or fairly bad quality of sleep. Average amount and quality of sleep were found to be independently related to the hours worked weekly, colleague support for a work-home balance, practice setting, perceived work-control, phy...
Acute Pancreatitis: An Atypical Presentation

Acute pancreatitis is an important cause of acute upper abdominal pain. Because its clinical features are similar to a number of other acute illnesses, it is difficult to make a diagnosis only on the basis of symptoms and signs. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on 2 of the following 3 criteria: (1) abdominal pain consistent with pancreatitis, (2) serum lipase and/or amylase ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, and (3) characteristic findings from abdominal imaging. The sensitivity and specificity of lipase in diagnosing acute pancreatitis are undisputed. However, normal lipase level should not exclude a pancreatitis diagnosis. In patients with atypical pancreatitis presentation, imaging is needed. We experienced two cases of acute pancreatitis associated with normal serum enzyme levels. Both patients were diagnosed based on clinical and radiological evidence. They were successfully treated with intravenous fluids and analgesics with clinical and laboratory improvement. The importance of this case series is the unlikely presentation of acute pancreatitis. We believe that more research is needed to determine the exact proportion of acute pancreatitis patients who first present with normal serum lipase, since similar cases have been seen in case reports.
Fat, demented and stupid: An unrecognized legacy of pediatric urology?

Summary The human body is an unfathomably intricate structure consisting of many connected and intertwined systems. This makes it impossible for therapeutic interventions to selectively target only one physiologic system without some impact or side effects on all the other systems. The resiliency of the human body modifies and disguises side effects, some of which may be undetectable for years and not apparent without scientific investigation. Pediatric urologists employ relatively few medications for the common conditions they treat and in general these consist of antibiotics, anticholinergics, and anesthetics. Although harm from early side effects is well recognized, recent medical literature suggests there may be other side effects of these common interventions that aren't as well recognized. Antibiotics have been added to livestock feed as growth promoters for three-quarters of a century. Antibiotics alter the microbiota of the intestinal tract and these alterations have been demonstrated to impact growth, metabolism, and the risk of obesity in animals and humans. To date, the long-term impact of daily antibiotic prophylaxis in children with such pediatric urology conditions as vesicoureteral reflux or prenatal hydronephrosis have not been published. Similarly, there are no studies assessing long-term effects of anticholinergic use on cognition in children despite research demonstrating an increased risk of dementia in adults using anticholinergics. Research in animals and children recently led the FDA to issue a warning regarding the risk of lengthy use of general anesthesia on cognitive development in children. Conclusions This review raises the possibility that antibiotics in children may alter growth, anticholinergics may increase their risk of dementia later in life, and anesthetics may impair their cognitive development. The possibility of such an unrecognized legacy from current therapeutic interventions should give all physicians, including pediatric urologists, pause for consideration before electing any intervention, no matter how routine or currently well accepted.
Effects of rearing temperature on growth and survival of larval sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)

The effects of three different rearing temperatures (12, 15 and 18°C) on growth and survival of sablefish larvae (Anoplopoma fimbria) were examined from 5 days poststocking to weaned subjuveniles. First-feeding larvae were stocked into 960-L circular tanks at a density of 15 larvae/L (n = 3 per temperature treatment). Feeding, increases in light and water flow and other changes during the experiment were based on a degree-day (°Cday) schedule to adjust for time and temperature. The larvae were weaned on calendar day 41, 34 and 30 in the 12, 15 and 18°C treatments respectively. Survival to weaning was greater at 15 than 12 or 18°C. Calendar day and degree-day length and dry weight were greater in the 18°C treatment. The larvae were weaned 7 days earlier at 15°C and 11 days earlier at 18°C compared to larvae at 12°C. Sablefish larvae can be reared at 15°C with faster growth and good survival compared to 12°C and at an approximately 17% reduction in cost and labour. Sablefish grew even faster but had higher mortality rates at 18°C compared to 15°C. Results from genotyping strongly suggest that there is a genetic basis for performing differentially at varying rearing temperatures and would also suggest that selection for faster growth and higher survival could be accomplished in a broodstock programme.
Comprehensive Interfacial Mechanisms of LiMnPO4-MWCNT Composite ratios in Acidic Aqueous Electrolyte

Abstract A comprehensive electrochemical characterization was performed for different compositions of LiMnPO4 electrodes with additions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Electrochemical testing based on DC and AC techniques helped to perform a quantitative analysis to corroborate the influence of the activation processes at the interface and the overall performance of the cathodes. The step-control process for the composite/electrolyte interface is influenced by the MWCNTs content at different bias potentials. The threshold saturation of MWCNTs was determined experimentally by materials characterization, electrochemical techniques, and theoretically by probability-deterministic transmission line modeling (TLM). TLM was coupled with the LiMnPO4 particle size distribution and the electrode microstructural variability to quantify interfacial mechanisms.
Simulation Clinical Scenario Design Workshop for Practicing Clinicians.

Introduction Faculty development is important to developing skilled faculty members who are able to effectively design and deliver educational content. There has been an increase in courses designe...
Modeling the softening of carbohydrate-based foods during simulated gastric digestion

Abstract Food breakdown during gastric digestion is important for controlling processes such as gastric emptying. Six foods (brown rice, couscous, orzo, pretzel, quinoa, and white rice) underwent in vitro digestion by incubation in simulated oral and gastric fluids for up to 240 min (100 rpm, 37 °C). Texture analyses were completed by single compression (50% strain) or bulk compression (33 or 67% strain); softening kinetics were fit to the Weibull model. Texture was significantly influenced by food, digestion time, and their interaction (p
From a Teacher Center Journal: Hypotheses about Inservice:

The first year of operation of a federally funded teacher center is described through a series of excerpts from the author's daily journal. This article focuses upon the practical aspects of implem...
Good and Bad Farming: The Right Microbiome Protects from Allergy

The hygiene hypothesis has provided a useful framework for the assessment of the asthma and atopy epidemic in relation to changes in lifestyle. As a model for a traditional environment rich in microbial exposure, the farm effect has advanced the development of the hygiene hypothesis. Exposure to farming, however, is ambiguous: a strong exposure such as in occupational settings can also increase the risk of allergies and respiratory disease, whereas in childhood most though not all farm-related exposures are protective for asthma and allergies.
Design for Supply Chain Management: Concepts and Examples

In recent years, there has been increased emphasis on linking the design of products and processes to cost, quality and efficiency measures in manufacturing. Concepts such as “design for manufacturability,” “design for assembly,” “design for producibility,” and “design for testability,” have emerged. The underlying motivation of these concepts is that product costs are largely determined by the design of the product. Hence, functionality and performance are no longer sufficient criteria for excellent design. There are additional important cost and service determinants of product success and profit that go well beyond a narrow definition of manufacturing. Factors such as logistics and distribution costs, inventory investment, product availability, customs duties, serviceability, and flexibility in dealing with unexpected changes, are important considerations which can be affected by the design of the product or its manufacturing process. We define a supply chain as a network including the procurement of raw materials, processing of intermediate and finished products, customization of the product for local market needs, and distribution of the product to customers. This paper describes emerging concepts for product and process design that include a supply chain perspective. Four case studies are presented to illustrate how these concepts can be implemented in real situations.
Analytical Methods: An Overview

A wide variety of analytical methods is currently being used to provide a diversity of information about proanthocyanidins. Rapid advances are being made in the ability to determine structure and conformation due to recent developments in NMR, MS, and other spectrometric tech­niques. In the future, these methods will play major roles in the study of conformational changes caused by associations with proteins, metals, and carbohydrates. More needs to be learned about the structure of phlobaphenes, the nature of the molecules that serve as building blocks, and the reaction mechanisms that lead to phlobaphene formation. Ab­sence of effective chromatographic separation methods for phlobaphene components is a limiting factor. Isolations of proanthocyanidins are pri­marily done using low-pressure column chromatography with a variety of gel types. HPLC is presently under-utilized for such purposes, and metal-free HPLC columns need to be investigated because of the metal complexing ability of proanthocyanidins. Quantitative analysis of con­densed tannins can sometimes suffer from lack of reproducibility due to details of the procedure, sample collection, and handling.
Shopping Behavior Influences on Perceived Value and Store Satisfaction: An Abstract

The creation of customer value is a marketplace advantage important to retailers (Benhamza Nsairi 2012; Gallarza et al. 2016; Ney 2015). The literature indicates that shopping behavior may lead to perceived customer value (Irani and Hanzaee 2011). In this research three types of shopping behavior are examined as antecedents of three dimensions of value that are related to resulting satisfaction with the store. Price-conscious shopping behavior represents an economic orientation where shoppers seek to achieve the best economic value in products they purchase. Recreational-conscious shopping behavior involves shopping behavior that is related to seeking inherent satisfaction with the shopping activity (Kaltcheva and Weitz 2006). Impulsive-careless shopping behavior occurs when a consumer makes a purchase with no previous intention of the purchase and/or consideration of alternatives (Bayley and Nancarrow 1998; Beatty and Ferrell 1998). The three dimensions of perceived value are based on the conceptual work of Sheth et al. (1991) and the empirical work of Sweeney and Soutar (2001). Emotional value is defined as the perceived utility from an alternative’s capacity to arouse feelings or affective states (Sheth et al. 1991). Price value is associated with products that are reasonably priced, offer good value for the money, and are economical (Sweeney and Soutar 2001). Social value represents the utility derived from enhancing the customer’s social self-concept (Sweeney and Soutar 2001). Store satisfaction represents the customer’s overall satisfaction with the retailer and the quality of the merchandise or store (Dabholkar 1993). The analysis was based on an online survey instrument administered to a customer panel consisting of 155 shoppers at Target and 153 shoppers at Wal-Mart totaling 308 respondents. The results indicate that price-conscious shopping behavior was associated with emotional and price value but not with social value. Recreational shopping behavior was associated with emotional, price, and social value. Impulsive shopping behavior was not related to emotional or price value. Emotional and price values were associated with store satisfaction; however social value was not. Based on these results, store satisfaction may be increased by enhancing the retail experiences in shopping behaviors that are related to the various forms of perceived value.
Inequality in America and spillover effects on mediation practice: Disputing for the 1 per cent and the 99 per cent

We are living in an era of vast inequality. Income and wealth gaps between 'the haves' and 'have-nots' have reached epidemic proportions. The top 1 per cent of earners in the United States pulled in a whopping 19.3 per cent of household income in 2012, their biggest slice of total income in more than 100 years. In 2014, the World Economic Forum listed severe income inequality as the number one global risk and Tom Piketty's unlikely best seller, Capital in the 21st Century, documented the rising ratio of wealth to income and the growth of a 'rentier class'. Even in Australia, where the mining industry continues to power economic growth, the income and wealth gap between the lowest and highest quintile of earners is stark. According to recent data, the top 20 per cent of Australians earn five times the income of the bottom 20 per cent, while holding 71 times more wealth. The question for mediation scholars and practitioners is whether this growing gap is affecting the way in which society's 'haves' and 'have-nots' access and experience mediation. At the low end of the socio-economic totem pole, government cuts in legal services - combined with mediation practitioners' obsession with neutrality - potentiate uninformed decision-making by unrepresented parties. At the high end, models of practice catering to legal professionals' preferences threaten to rob mediation of its transformative, therapeutic potential. This paper will explore these troubling developments and query whether growing social inequality should precipitate shifts in our thinking about mediation ethics and the way we educate the next generation of lawyers.
Top quark decay at next-to-leading order in the standard model effective field theory

We consider top quark decay in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). We present a calculation of the total decay width and the $W$-boson helicity fractions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in SMEFT. Our result includes the complete set of contributing four-fermion operators in addition to QCD dipole operators and bottom-mass suppressed effects. We show that operators that first appear at NLO in the SMEFT can be bounded by the current data as well as future data from both a high-luminosity LHC and a potential ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider, demonstrating the importance of going beyond leading order when studying the SMEFT. We discuss technical aspects of our calculation that we believe will be useful in future higher-order studies of the SMEFT, in particular, the treatment of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ in loop diagrams.
Hole core in superconductors and the origin of the Spin Meissner effect

Abstract It is proposed that superconductors possess a hidden ‘hole core’ buried deep in the Fermi sea. The proposed hole core is a small region of the Brillouin zone (usually at the center of the zone), where the lowest energy states in the normal state reside. We propose that in the superconducting state these energy states become singly occupied with electrons of a definite spin helicity. In other words, that holes of a definite spin helicity condense from the top to the bottom of the band in the transition to superconductivity, and electrons of that spin helicity ‘float’ on top of the hole core, thus becoming highly mobile. The hole core has radius q 0 = 1/2 λ L , with λ L the London penetration depth, and the electrons expelled from the hole core give an excess negative charge density within a London penetration depth of the real space surface of the superconductor. The hole core explains the development of a spin current in the transition to superconductivity (Spin Meissner effect) and the associated negative charge expulsion from the interior of metals in the transition to superconductivity, effects we have proposed in earlier work to exist in all superconductors and to be at the root of the Meissner effect.
Use of "Doctor" Badges for Physician Role Identification During Clinical Training.

This survey-based pilot study explores the frequency and implications of role misidentification experienced by residents at a large academic medical center and evaluates the use of a simple, low-cost method for distinguishing physicians from other members of the health care team.
Equity, Majoritarian Governance, and the Oppression Remedy

This chapter, forthcoming in Fiduciary Obligations in Business, examines two modalities of equitable intervention in corporate governance in cases of shareholder conflict. The first involves the extension of fiduciary duties to controlling shareholders, and the second judicial review on the grounds of oppression. Both forms of intervention are intended to be responsive to pathologies inherent in majoritarian governance in organizations featuring enfranchised members. Notwithstanding long-settled authority in Delaware and other American states for the proposition that controlling shareholders are fiduciaries of minority shareholders, I argue that fiduciary regulation is an inapt modality of equitable intervention given the nature of the problems generated by majority rule in corporations. By comparison, the oppression remedy – favored in commonwealth jurisdictions – enables more apt and effective tailored responses to these problems. I also explain the sense in which the choice between these modalities of intervention implicates a choice between equity’s supplemental contributions to first-order law and its corrective, second-order intervention in first-order law. The chapter concludes with some general reflections which trace implications for theoretical analysis of the place of equity in contemporary law.
NTT’s HARP System

NTT’s HARP (Hardware Architecture Ruling Processor) system includes scheduling and data path synthesis.
On the electrostrictive mechanism of nanosecond-pulsed breakdown in liquid phase

In this study we have studied the initial stage of the nanosecond-pulsed discharge development in liquid phase. Modelling predicts that in the case of fast rising strong nonhomogeneous electric fields in the vicinity of high-voltage pin electrode a region saturated with nanoscale non-uniformities may be developed. This phenomenon is attributed to the electrostriction mechanisms and may be used to explain development of breakdown in liquid phase. In this work, schlieren method was used in order to demonstrate formation of negative pressure region in liquids with different dielectric permittivity constants: water, ethanol and ethanol–water mixture. It is shown that this density perturbation, formed at the raising edge of the high-voltage pulse, is followed by a generation of a shock wave propagating with the speed of sound away from the electrode, with negative pressure behind it.
The Usage of the K Factor in Heavy Ion Physics

The theoretical K factor, describing the difference between the leading and higher-order cross sections, can be defined in more than one way. The resulting estimate of the higher-order cross section is sensitive to the order of the fit to the parton densities and the number of loops at which αs is evaluated. We describe alternate ways to define the K factor and show how the definition affects its magnitude and shape for the examples of hadroproduction of Drell-Yan lepton pairs and heavy quarks. We discuss which definition is appropriate under what circumstances.