cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dose-modified 256-MDCT of the abdomen using low tube current and hybrid iterative reconstruction.

Rationale and Objectives To evaluate the performance of hybrid iterative reconstruction technique (h-IRT) on image quality (IQ) in abdominal dose-modified (DM) scans in phantom and in patients in comparison to filtered back projection (FBP). Materials and Methods An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned using various kVp (80–140) and mAs (25–100) settings. Images were reconstructed with FBP and h-IRT levels (1–6). In 69 adults (59.6 ± 13.54 years; 20 male, 49 female), DM computed tomography (CT) scans were performed using 120 kVp and 100–120 mAs. In 25/69, 5-mm FBP and h-IRT (levels 1–4 and 5) images were analyzed to validate IQ. The subsequent 44/69 had FBP and h-IRT (level 4) images reconstructed. Two readers evaluated 188 image series for IQ, noise, and artifacts. Objective and subjective data were analyzed using t -test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. In 46/69 patients, prior dose CT was available for dose comparison. Results In the phantom, noise reduction ranged from 12% (h-IRT level 1) to 50% (level 6). In patients, h-IRT level 4 images were rated diagnostic in 69/69 exams but DM-FBP images were found nondiagnostic in 20/69 patients. The size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) was reduced by 55% in the dose-modified CT group, (SSDE:4.55 ± 1.15 mGy) over the prior dose protocol (SSDE:10.21 ± 3.5 mGy, P Conclusion h-IRT improved IQ in abdominal DM-CT scans in phantom and in patients. Dose improvements were greater in smaller patients than larger ones.
Maternal behavior in the rat: aspects of concaveation and neonatal androgen treatment.

Abstract Evidence is presented to show that maternal responsiveness of lactating females differs from concaveation-induced maternal responsiveness of gonadectomized male and female rats of the Long-Evans strain. When rat pups were placed in a runway extension of the home cage lactating females retrieved the pups to a significantly greater degree than did the concaveation treated animals. The present experiment failed to show significant differences in concaveation-induced maternal responsiveness in gonadectomized males, females and neonatally androgenized females.
Effects of water hardness upon lipid and mineral metabolism in rabbits

Abstract New Zealand White rabbits were fed a purified ration which has been previously demonstrated to result in hypercholesterolemia and cholelithiasis within a period of 12 weeks. Experimental drinking water treatments were either deionized distilled water or synthesized hard water (400 ppm Ca and 100 ppm Mg). In the first experiment, rabbits were fed for 12 weeks and the serum cholesterol concentrations increased in rabbits given either the deionized water or the synthesized hard water. In comparing serum concentrations between rabbits given hard water with those given the deionized water, lower concentrations of total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol; and greater concentrations of HDL cholesterol were found in those given the hard water at several of the weeks. These influences of hard water were more pronounced in the female rabbits than in the males. Water hardness did not affect the hepatic or renal concentrations of lipid, cholesterol, calcium, magnesium, copper or zinc; and the severity of cholelithiasis was not affected. In the second experiment, balance studies were conducted while rabbits were given either deionized water or hard water. Positive calcium balances were greatest when hard water was given. Some influence of water hardness upon the enterohepatic pathway of cholesterol was indicated since fecal excretion of cholesterol was greatest when hard water was given, but fecal excretion of lipid and bile acids was unaffected.
Twenty-Five Years of Change in Working with Partner Abusers—Part I: Observations from the Trenches About Community and System-Level Changes

The past 2 ½ decades have witnessed explosive growth in research and practice in the area of intimate partner violence, especially regarding perpetrators. The author reflects on his observations of key community and systemic developments in the field of research and treatment with batterers. The author examines systemic changes that have facilitated growth in the field and examines related issues and controversies. The author calls for continued development of an empirical base to guide both theory development and practice standards. The author also calls for openness to change within the field so that new developments will lead to appropriate dialogue and debate, increased dissemination and translation of new research findings into formats that are useful to clinicians, and accountability and change in abusers.
Do general internal medicine fellows find jobs that match their training

We surveyed employers of general internists at teaching hospitals to determine whether they prefer that new hires are graduates of general internal medicine (GIM) fellowships. We surveyed former GIM fellows who graduated between 1988 and 1994 to determine whether they found jobs with protected research time and whether the positions they found matched their expectations. Employers rated a GIM fellowship, among other criteria, as important for clinician-researchers, but not for clinician-educators. For graduates categorized as clinician-researchers (with more than 33% of their time protected for research), there was a good match between their actual time allocations for research and clinical work and what they recalled their expectations were when looking for a job. Clinician-educators had a marked discordance between actual time allocations for research and clinical work and their recollection of their expectations when looking for a job.
Optimal selection of generators in a microgrid for fuel usage minimization

In this paper we propose an approach for optimally selecting generators, interconnected to work together as a microgrid, based on solving the associated optimal dispatch problems by utilizing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The approach ensures that the power demand is met at all times, whilst also minimizing the fuel consumption. As a result, the microgrid efficiency (in economic terms) is significantly improved. Microgrid stability, in terms of handling rapid load variations, is improved as well, since spinning reserve and swing capacity constraints are built into the algorithm. Furthermore, generator life is also addressed via rating constraints on each generation unit. Finally, startup and cool down costs are also considered, making the generator selection algorithm more realistic and closer to real-world practice.
Type-based flow analysis and context-free language reachability

We present a novel approach to computing the context-sensitive flow of values through procedures and data structures. Our approach combines and extends techniques from two seemingly disparate areas: polymorphic subtyping and interprocedural dataflow analysis based on context-free language reachability. The resulting technique offers several advantages over previous approaches: it works directly on higher-order programs; provides demand-driven interprocedural queries; and improves the asymptotic complexity of a known algorithm based on polymorphic subtyping from O(n8) to O(n3) for computing all queries. For intra-procedural flow restricted to equivalence classes, our algorithm yields linear inter-procedural flow queries.
Multiparticle simulation of ion motion in the ion trap mass spectrometer: Resonant and direct current pulse excitation.

A PC-based program that simulates the behavior of a collection of ions is extended to include the effects of collisions with the buffer gas and enhanced visualization methods. The simulations are based on the quadrupole field associated with the actual ion trap electrode structure. Ionization is simulated in such a way as to distribute ionization events randomly over rf phase angles and yield a realistic collection of stored ions. The effects of buffer gas collisions on ion motion during both mass-selective instability and resonance ejection scans are found to include the expected dampening of spatial excursions as well as limitation of the kinetic energy of trapped ions. In both experiments, ion ejection occurs over a number of secular cycles in the vicinity of the theoretical instability point. Activation via a resonant ac signal or a short dc pulse is shown to result in phase-locking of the ions as well as the expected increase in the size of the excursions in the z direction and in ion kinetic energy. Collisions cause dephasing and loss of kinetic energy. Radial dc activation is compared with activation in the axial direction. Experimental data for dc pulse activation of the n-butylbenzene molecular ion are analyzed in phase space and the onset of surface-induced dissociation is correlated with changes in the experimental m/z 91 to m/z 92 fragment ion ratio. Poincare sections are shown for resonantly excited ions and their value in demonstrating improvement of the resolution of these experiments over conventional mass-selective instability scans is shown.
The provision of advocacy services to women leaving abusive partners: an examination of short-term effects

Examined the short-term impact of providing advocacy services to women leaving battered women's shelters. The study employed a true longitudinal experimental design. Women in the advocacy condition received intensive one-on-one services with trained paraprofessional advocates. Advocates assisted women in accessing needed community resources. Women in the control condition received no additional postshelter services. Findings corroborated earlier research suggesting that battered women lack many resources necessary for independent living and that working with advocates produced greater effectiveness in accessing needed resources. Ongoing research will examine the long-term impact on life satisfaction, future victimization, and living arrangements.
Synthesis and Structure of the Diphenyl Binuclear Rhodium A-Frame Complex Rh(2)(m-CO)(Ph)(2)(dmpm)(2).

Addition of the Grignard reagent C6H5MgCl to [RhCl(CO)dmpm]2 yields the diphenyl binuclear rhodium A-frame complex Rh2(μ-CO)(C6H5)2(dmpm)2 (dmpm = bis(dimethylphosphino)methane). The formally Rh(I) complex possesses a carbonyl bridgehead ligand, terminal phenyl groups, a metal−metal single bond with a distance of 2.8254(5) A, and trans bridging dmpm ligands in a coordination geometry that is slightly distorted from planarity at each rhodium.
Cognitive technologies for gist processing.

Cognitive technologies extend our cognitive abilities, yet they are currently deficient in many respects. According to fuzzy-trace theory, people are gist processors with a fuzzy-processing preference, and information is mentally represented along a fuzzy-to-verbatim continuum. An understanding of gist processing could form the basis of a new generation of more effective cognitive technologies. This suggests, first, the need for new tools to help Web page creators optimize gist representations of text. Such a system could provide feedback about the visitor’s gist and make recommendations about rewriting. It also suggests the need for new tools to help authors create more effective means of presenting quantitative data in visual form. The advocated approach capitalizes on the collective knowledge of communities of practice on the Web. Finally, it suggests the need for new tools for collecting input from users. The facial composite system EvoFIT is cited as an example.
A simple and rapid procedure for phytate determination in soybeans and soy products

A rapid and simple analytical procedure to determine the phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) content in soybeans and soy products is described. Minimal sample preparation and automated HPLC analysis were achieved for large numbers of samples. Determination of the phytate content in a variety of soybean samples, including animal feeds, demonstrated the simplicity, reliability, and economy of the procedure compared with other time-consuming, complicated, and laborious methods.
cDNA Microarray Analysis of Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Porcine In Vitro Model for Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Toxoplasma gondii induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, reorganizes organelles, scavenges nutrients, and inhibits apoptosis in infected host cells. We used a cDNA microarray of 420 annotated porcine expressed sequence tags to analyze the molecular basis of these changes at eight time points over a 72-hour period in porcine kidney epithelial (PK13) cells infected with T. gondii. A total of 401 genes with Cy3 and Cy5 spot intensities of ≥500 were selected for analysis, of which 263 (65.6%) were induced ≥2-fold (expression ratio, ≥2.0; P ≤ 0.05 [t test]) over at least one time point and 48 (12%) were significantly down-regulated. At least 12 functional categories of genes were modulated (up- or down-regulated) by T. gondii. The majority of induced genes were clustered as transcription, signal transduction, host immune response, nutrient metabolism, and apoptosis related. The expression of selected genes altered by T. gondii was validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. These results suggest that significant changes in gene expression occur in response to T. gondii infection in PK13 cells, facilitating further analysis of host-pathogen interactions in toxoplasmosis in a secondary host.
Family medicine's identity: being generalists in a specialist culture?

Family medicine has been in conflict about whether it is a specialty or a generalist discipline. Although for a time the family was offered as a solution to family medicine being marginalized in biomedicine, a more biomedical focus prevailed. As a result, the practice of family medicine came more to resemble the world of biomedicine despite an insistence on the discipline’s distinctiveness. Ways to avoid identity pitfalls in the future might be to seek solutions that do not promise to solve our identity problem once and for all, to refrain from adopting generalized slogans that do not encourage critical thinking, to practice what we preach, to accept that specialization is part of the American cultural ethos, and to embrace reflective practice.
Immune modulation with high‐dose heat‐shock protein gp96: therapy of murine autoimmune diabetes and encephalomyelitis

Immunization with heat-shock protein (HSP) gp96 elicits protective immunity to the cancer or virusinfected cells from which it is derived. Low doses of gp96 generate immunity, while doses 10 times the immunizing dose do not. We show here that injection of high doses of gp96 generates CD4+ T cells that down-regulate a variety of ongoing immune responses. Immunization with high doses of gp96 prevents myelin basic protein- or proteolipid protein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice and the onset of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. The suppression of immune response can be adoptively transferred with CD4+ cells and does not partition with the CD25 phenotype. The immunomodulatory properties of gp96 (and possibly other HSP) may be used for antigen-specific activation or suppression of cellular immune responses. The latter may form the basis for novel immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases.
Dependency Status and Happiness With Old Age on Java

Using data from a survey of elderly persons on Java, we investigate the prevalence of dependency states (functional, economic, and residential) and the implications of dependency status for happiness with old age. Whereas being dependent is common in the later years, many older persons still have dependents. Dependency on kin is not a negative situation in this context, but having economic dependents appears to be burdensome. Gender, being able to provide an inheritance, and rural-urban residence moderate the relationship between dependency status and happiness.
Kinetoplastid RNA editing: complexes and catalysts.

Abstract RNA editing in kinetoplastids involves post-transcriptional insertion and deletion of uridylates (Us) to produce mature mitochondrial mRNAs with sequences specified by trans acting small guide RNAs. In vitro studies indicate the reaction pathway involves endonucleolytic cleavage of the precursor mRNA at the editing site, uridylate addition or removal at the 3′ end of the 5′ cleavage product, followed by ligation to the 3′ cleavage product. This editing is catalyzed by a macromolecular complex that is in the early stages of characterization. Recent studies have resolved the general mechanism of editing, and show that editing occurs in association with a macromolecular complex.
Organization Size, Effectiveness, and Human Values:

A number of recent studies suggest that large private bureaucracies have not been the highly efficient mechanisms for producing goods and services presumed by the profit motive in industry. A numbe...
Regional Calibration of Solar Radiation and Reference Evapotranspiration Estimates with Minimal Data in Florida

Reference evapotranspiration and solar radiation estimation methods that use only measured temperature have been demonstrated to require regional calibration for acceptable performance. This study was conducted to evaluate regional calibration of incoming solar radiation and reference evapotranspiration in Florida, USA. Using satellite-derived estimates of solar radiation and reference evapotranspiration as the standard for comparison, regional calibration of the Hargreaves-Samani solar radiation model and the Turc temperature-based reference evapotranspiration equation were evaluated using monthly temperature data from 22 weather stations in Florida. Station-specific and regional calibration of the Hargreaves-Samani solar radiation model was found to produce comparable results, indicating the validity of this approach in regional calibration of radiation estimates. Using the regionally calibrated radiation estimates, the original Turc equation was found to underestimate reference evapotranspiration, indi...
The Snake Anxiety Questionnaire as a Measure of Ophidophobia

The validity of the Snake Anxiety Questionnaire (SNAQ) was examined by creating four fear groups based on SNAQ quartiles. The high cognitive fear group was significantly different from all other groups for women. No differences were found for men. The dependent measure in these tests was a Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT). The SNAQ was also found not to be particularly sensitive to a brief experience that should reduce fear levels. The percentage of extremely fearful individuals was found to be 2 to 3 percent. Evidence was also presented demonstrating that the SNAQ produces a large number of false positives, that is, individuals who state that they are afraid of snakes but are perfectly able to approach a caged snake.
User Selection for the MIMO Broadcast Channel with a Fairness Constraint

In this paper, we present a user selection scheme with a fairness constraint when zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) transmission is employed in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel. This problem can be reduced to the maximization of a weighted sum rate with a power constraint. In this paper, we first derive a lower bound on the weighted sum rate. Roughly speaking, this bound is inversely proportional to the Frobenius norm of the inverse of the weighted composite channel matrix. We then present a greedy algorithm to select the users that maximize this lower bound, using the same technique in J. Wang et al. Finally, we show that this approach achieves the same scaling law as DPC does as presented in M. Sharif and B. Hassibi. Simulation suggests that this method achieves comparable or better performance than most existing schemes in the moderate to high SNR realm with comparable complexity.
Physician advertising: evaluation of a sample advertisement.

Painless Orthopaedic Surgery at the Utopia Joint Center Although rarely seen in the past, advertising by physicians has become relatively commonplace. Proponents advocate that advertising is a way for patients to increase their awareness of available treatment options, medical services provided, surgical expertise, and physician specialty training. In contrast, critics claim that patient-directed advertising poses a serious conflict of interest for physicians because they are striving to act for the good of the patient while simultaneously trying to entice patients to use their services1. Because the physician-patient relationship is based on trust and because patients are in a particularly vulnerable position, they are at considerable risk to be influenced by untruthful, deceptive, or misleading information. Most patients are searching for ways and means to improve their health, reverse a disease process, or rectify a medically deleterious situation. They often have limited knowledge of the specifics of medical or surgical options for treatment and will undoubtedly look on any information that is provided by the medical community, even information in the form of advertisements, with high regard. Patients will trust that the information is truthful and was offered with their best interest in mind. False or deceptive advertising destroys that trust. The United States Federal Trade Commission Act prohibits medical organizations such as the American Medical Association (AMA) or the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) from placing restrictions on physicians who advertise. Physicians …
FPGA hardware results for power system computation

This paper presents preliminary computational results based on an alternative computing platform comprising a host computer interconnected to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). These results represent load flow calculations performed on realistically sized power systems. The motivation behind this work lies in the influence of computational time reduction on reliable power system operation. Operators work with a variety of power system analytical packages aimed at ensuring real-time processing of data being transmitted from the SCADA system via network and telemetry. Results presented in this paper are compared to performance measures obtained from modeling these processes on benchmark power grids. Observations further justify that algorithm-specific hardware can provide in certain cases up to an order of magnitude speedup over the software program of the same algorithm running on Pentium-based PCs.
Building failure into successful team science: highlights of the second SINAInnovations event

How does a scientist produce research results? The answer to the question has changed dramatically over time. Funding is a scarce commodity in the contemporary research world, and this represents a major challenge to harnessing the full potential of human ingenuity in the life sciences. Scientists
International Actors Leading in Relief Efforts: 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Aid Assessment

The Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the most devastating natural disasters the world has seen in the last 50 years. Following the calamities, the world responded and international actors went to work to relieve human suffering and rebuild the infrastructure that lay in ruins. This study examines the collective experiences of 21 organizations according to six disaster management dimensions: disaster preparedness, early recovery/livelihood support, public awareness, capacity-building, accountability and measuring mechanisms, and coordination post-disaster. The findings of this study provide policy recommendations according to the accomplishments, limitations, and progress made since 2004 shared by organizations responding to the largest and most publicized humanitarian crisis in recent times.
Determination of Dienestrol in Pharmaceuticals

A polarographic method and an ultraviolet irradiation method for the determination of dienestrol in pharmaceuticals are presented. Both methods are capable of producing results of a higher degree of accuracy and precision than those obtainable by the U.S.P. XVI method.
An incremental update framework for efficient retrieval from software libraries for bug localization

Information Retrieval (IR) based bug localization techniques use a bug reports to query a software repository to retrieve relevant source files. These techniques index the source files in the software repository and train a model which is then queried for retrieval purposes. Much of the current research is focused on improving the retrieval effectiveness of these methods. However, little consideration has been given to the efficiency of such approaches for software repositories that are constantly evolving. As the software repository evolves, the index creation and model learning have to be repeated to ensure accuracy of retrieval for each new bug. In doing so, the query latency may be unreasonably high, and also, re-computing the index and the model for files that did not change is computationally redundant. We propose an incremental update framework to continuously update the index and the model using the changes made at each commit. We demonstrate that the same retrieval accuracy can be achieved but with a fraction of the time needed by current approaches. Our results are based on two basic IR modeling techniques - Vector Space Model (VSM) and Smoothed Unigram Model (SUM). The dataset we used in our validation experiments was created by tracking commit history of AspectJ and JodaTime software libraries over a span of 10 years.
Structural impact of complete CpG methylation within target DNA on specific complex formation of the inducible transcription factor Egr-1.

The inducible transcription factor Egr-1 binds specifically to 9-bp target sequences containing two CpG sites that can potentially be methylated at four cytosine bases. Although it appears that complete CpG methylation would make an unfavorable steric clash in the previous crystal structures of the complexes with unmethylated or partially methylated DNA, our affinity data suggest that DNA recognition by Egr-1 is insensitive to CpG methylation. We have determined, at a 1.4-A resolution, the crystal structure of the Egr-1 zinc-finger complex with completely methylated target DNA. Structural comparison of the three different methylation states reveals why Egr-1 can recognize the target sequences regardless of CpG methylation.
Poroelastic Loading of an Aquifer Due to Upstream Dam Releases

Short-term changes in the hydraulic head of surface water bodies are known to influence the shallow response of hydraulically connected groundwaters. Associated with these fluctuations is the physical increase in stream water creating a mechanical load on the ground surface. This load is supported by the geologic materials (sediment or rock) and the pore fluid contained within the pores. Changes in this surface load have a direct effect on the total stress of the aquifer causing either a change in effective stress or fluid pressure. This response, predicted by the framework of linear poroelasticity, is a well-understood phenomenon in geologic materials. Currently, field measurements of the hydraulic response (i.e., fluid pressure) of aquifer materials are undergoing poroelastic loading due to dam releases in the Deerfield River Watershed in Massachusetts. An increase in stream stage from upstream dam releases causes an instantaneous pore fluid pressure increase at multiple depths and locations in the aquifer. This increase lasts anywhere from 15 to 40 minutes depending on the magnitude of the rise in the stream stage. Pore-pressure changes are well correlated to stream stage fluctuations for all of the recorded events. Poroelastic models created using basin stratigraphy and hydraulic properties of the aquifer response match the field observations well. Model results suggest that the overall stratigraphy is important in controlling the magnitude and duration of the poroelastic response. An improved understanding of responses such as these can be used to constrain uncertainties in model calibration and simulations of the contaminant migration in low permeability fine-grained (compressive) materials.
Emerging strategies to boost thymic function

The thymus constitutes the primary lymphoid organ for the generation of T cells. Its function is particularly susceptible to various negative influences ranging from age-related involution to atrophy as a consequence of malnutrition, infection or harmful iatrogenic influences such as chemotherapy and radiation. The loss of regular thymus function significantly increases the risk for infections and cancer because of a restricted capacity for immune surveillance. In recent years, thymus-stimulatory, thymus-regenerative, and thymus-protective strategies have been developed to enhance and repair thymus function in the elderly and in individuals undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These strategies include the use of sex steroid ablation, the administration of growth and differentiation factors, the inhibition of p53, and the transfer of T cell progenitors to alleviate the effects of thymus dysfunction and consequent T cell deficiency.
Influence of Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine Monophosphate and Heparin in Experimental Arteriopathy

The effects, in rabbits, of heparin, AMP, and ATP against both experimental cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis and epinephrine-thyroxine medial arteriosclerosis, were studied. Heparin and AMP, in general, were ineffective. Marked, statistically significant inhibition of both experimental atherosclerosis and experimental medial arteriopathy was achieved with ATP.
Influence of Alloying on the Behavior and Properties of Er3Ni

A study on processing and alloying of the passive magnetic regenerator material Er3Ni revealed that the cooling rates of the order of 106 K/sec are insufficient to quench it into a glassy state. Small additions of Ti (as low as 0.5 at.%) make it possible to quench the alloys into a partially amorphous state, which leads to an improved ductility and the possibility of being able to process this brittle low temperature regenerator material into ribbons and/or wire mesh. Even though the crystalline Er3(Ni1-xTix) shows practically no improvement nor deterioration in the low temperature volumetric heat capacity, the partially amorphous alloys are inferior to that of the crystalline alloy.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Border Crossers during Temporary Enforcement of a Formal Entry Requirement for Mexican-Style Soft Cheeses, 2009

Mexican-style soft cheese known as queso fresco (QF), which is often unpasteurized, has been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exercises discretion in enforcement of noncommercial importation of cheese. To test control measures aimed at decreasing unlawful QF importation, in 2009 the FDA temporarily enforced a requirement for formal commercial entry for all cheeses over 5 lb (2.3 kg) at the San Diego-Tijuana border. Enforcement was combined with educational outreach. Border crossers importing cheese and those not importing cheese were surveyed at the beginning and end of the temporary enforcement period. Data collected included participant demographic information, knowledge of QF-associated health risks, and attitudes and practices regarding QF consumption and importation. We surveyed 306 importers and 381 nonimporters. Compared with nonimporters, importers had a lower level of knowledge regarding QF-associated health risks (P < 0.0001). Border crossers carrying cheese were more likely to have less education, be U.S. or dual residents, consume QF more frequently, and cross the border less often. Importation and consumption of unpasteurized QF remained prevalent among border crossers during the temporary enforcement period, and the level of knowledge regarding QF-associated risks remained low among these crossers. More vigorous, sustained messaging targeted at high-risk groups is needed to change behaviors. Definition and consistent enforcement of limits will likely be needed to reduce QF importation and the risk of QF-associated diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border; however, public health benefits will need to be balanced against the cost of enforcement.
Some Contexts for Bede's Death-Song

When read in the contexts of psychology, theology, and Old English poetry, Bede’s Death-Song can be confidently valued as a fine poem, and not merely as venerable wisdom. The design of this eighth-century poem shows substantial correlations with the design of the Epistola Cuthberti, in which it appears. The letter appears to combine eyewitness report with hagiographic conventions. Ambivalence at meeting one’s Judge is expressed both in its narrative and the poem; troubled feelings are balanced by a certain faith. Scriptural echoes reveal Cuthbert’s conscious intention to present the Bede of the letter as an imitator of Christ. Comparison with other Old English poetic treatments of Bede’s theme shows that the poem fully exploits the artistic potential of the vernacular tradition.
Patients with combined physical and psychiatric problems.

Abstract Psychiatric, medical, and surgical nurses (N = 49) estimated the number of patients with combined physical and psychiatric problems on their units to be fairly high, respectively, 20%, 17%, and 12%. Assessment of the responses to a detailed questionnaire about concerns and problems in caring for these patients pointed to various possible improvements. Key recommendations are: increased liaison services with nurses; guidelines for all units for the care of these patients; regular inservice training; availability of necessary material resources; improved communication at the time of patient transfer; and outpatient follow-up after discharge.
Spontaneous aggregation of lithium ion coordination polymers in fluorinated electrolytes for high-voltage batteries

Fluorinated carbonates are pursued as liquid electrolyte solvents for high-voltage Li-ion batteries. Here we report aggregation of [Li(+)(FEC)3]n polymer species in fluoroethylene carbonate containing electrolytes and scrutinize the causes for this behavior.
I. Stomal Ulcer Attending Complete Intragastric Regurgitation Influenced by Length of Afferent Duodenojejunal Loop.

Conclusions1. The incidence of gastrojejunal ulcer in dogs attending complete intragastric regurgitation of the duodenal loop contents is dependent upon the length of the afferent duodenojejunal loop. 2. In 11 dogs in which complete duodenal drainage by means of a short afferent loop (8 to 15 cm) was established, only one dog developed a gastrojejunal ulcer, an incidence of 9.1%. 3. Five out of 6 dogs undergoing the same operation in which the proximal jejunal loop was long (75 to 90 cm) developed stomal ulcer, an incidence of 83.3%. Four of these died of generalized peritonitis secondary to perforated ulcers.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis:Problem and Correction

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),the most widely used method for assessing seismic hazard and risk,contains an error in its hazard calculation: incorrectly equating the conditional exceedance probability of the ground-motion attenuation relationship(a function) to the exceedance probability of the ground-motion uncertainty(a variable).This error results in using the ground-motion uncertainty(spatial characteristic) to extrapolate occurrence of ground motion(temporal characteristic) or the ergodic assumption.This error also results in difficulty in understanding and applying PSHA.An alternative approach,called KY-PSHA,is developed to correct the error in this paper.
A light- and electron-microscopic study of primordial germ cells in the early mouse embryo.

The primordial germ cells (PGC9s) of the early mouse embryo have been identified in semi-thin and ultra-thin plastic sections on the combined bases of location and a distinctive set of morphological features. These cells originate extra-gonadally and their path of migration during the stages investigated agrees with results of previous histological and experimental studies. At 8–9 days of development, PGC9s are observed among the endoderm cells of the mid- and hindgut and the yolk stalk; at 10–11 days, PGC9s are seen in the dorsal mesentery, the dorsal coelomic lining, and in the rudimentary genital ridge; by 13 days, the gonad is abundantly populated with germ cells. During the migratory period the PGC9s appear as small (10–12 μm diameter), oval, basophilic cells which have a large nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. These cells possess numerous free ribosomes and polysomes, a filamentous ground cytoplasm, and few profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria display small oval and thread-like profiles. A Golgi complex is not prominent in the PGC9s. The densely granular and fibrillar nucleus is often oval in outline but sometimes shows irregular contours. A large nucleolus is present. Although located among groups of cells that exhibit extensive cell junctions, the PGC9s have not been found to share such junctions with neighboring cells. Furthermore, the PGC9s possess small cytoplasmic processes that contain numerous microfilaments. These observations are interpreted as morphological correlates to the migratory activity of these cells. In the early PGC9s located in the gut, regions of the endoplasmic reticulum where membranes are closely apposed, perhaps fused, often present the appearance of annulate cisternae. In addition, compact aggregates of granulofibrillar material are found in the cytoplasm of these same cells. Neither of these structures is detected in the mesenteric PGC9s, the gonadal germ cells, or any other cell of the embryo at the stages studied. It is suggested that these two cytoplasmic elements may be related to further differentiation of the germ cells. The germ cells of the developing gonad are large, oval cells which possess a nucleus of very round contour. Both the nucleus and the cytoplasm retain a densely granular appearance. The expanded cytoplasm contains a large Golgi complex but still few profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes and polysomes are abundant. The germ cells share extensive gap junctions with one another and with adjacent stromal cells.
Statements of equivalence can imply differences: Asymmetries in directional comparisons.

Directional comparisons are often used to express similarity (e.g., “North Korea is like China”). These statements, however, frame the subject as the less typical figure and the complement as the more typical or prominent ground. Thus, despite expressing similarity, directional comparisons may imply that the ground is more representative. In Study 1, we analyze Twitter to show that directional comparisons occur in everyday conversation about gender; that men are the ground more often than women; and that only males frequently serve as the ground for positive traits (e.g., “Girls are as smart as boys”), suggesting that positive traits are considered typical of males, but not females. In Study 2, we show that directional comparisons intended to express equivalent ability (e.g., “Boys are as good as girls at a game called gorp”) cause adults to infer that the ground has more natural skill and that the figure has to work harder.
Astral and spindle forces in PtK2 cells during anaphase B: a laser microbeam study

Rat kangaroo kidney epithelium (PtK2) cells develop prominent asters and spindles during anaphase B of mitosis. It has been shown that severing the spindle at early anaphase B in living PtK1 cells results in a dramatic increase in the rate of pole-pole separation. This result suggested that the asters pull on the spindle poles, putting tension on the spindle, while the spindle acts as a governor, limiting the rate of pole separation. To further test these inferences, we used a UV-laser microbeam to damage one of the two asters in living PtK2 cells at early anaphase B and monitored the effects on individual spindle pole movements, pole-pole separation rates and astral microtubules (MTs). Irradiation at the estimated position of a centrosome greatly reduced its array of astral MTs and nearly stopped the movement of the irradiated pole, whereas the sister pole retained its normal array of astral MTs and actually accelerated. Control irradiations, either close to the estimated position of the centrosome or beside the spindle at the equator, had little or no effect on either spindle pole movements or astral MTs. These results support the inferences that during anaphase B in living PtK cells, the central spindle is under tension generated by pulling forces in the asters (presumably MT-mediated) and that the spindle generates counterforces that limit the rate of pole separation. The results also suggest that the central spindle in living PtK cells may be able to generate a pushing force.
Bone mineral and matrix. Are they altered in osteoporosis

SUMMARY Osteoporosis is a major health threat whose etiology remains elusive.81,84,91 Disease heterogeneity and until recently the absence of appropriate techniques prevented detailed analyses of the underlying defects in this disease. Among the questions that must be asked are: (1) Are the cells in the osteoporotic bone functioning normally? (2) Is the matrix produced by these cells normal? (3) Is the pattern of mineral deposition normal? If not, how do each of these differ from normal, what is the effect of that abnormality, and how can it be prevented or corrected? Through answering these questions the scientific community will learn the function of many of the matrix proteins and may gain insight into revolutionary new therapies. The tools of human bone cell culture, new imaging techniques, analyses in biopsy samples, and other aspects of modern biotechnology are now available to start answering these questions.
Conversation Effects on Driving: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Reaction Times to Visual Events

The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral and neural correlates of conversation effects on driving using the same visual event detection paradigm in brain imaging, behavioral testing, and closed-road driving experiments.
Pediatric Acquired von Willebrand Disease With Berlin Heart Excor Ventricular Assist Device Support.

Background:The balance of hemostasis and anticoagulation is a concern for patients dependent upon ventricular assist devices (VADs). Bleeding is a common complication with both short- and long-term...
Microwave cooking: An overview.

Microwave ovens can be expected to continue as a method of cooking and reheating foods, and versatility will improve as needs become evident. Microwaves cause heating when polar materials absorb them, but confer no special qualities on the food. Lethal effects on microorganisms and trichinae are due to heat. Speed and evenness of heating are influenced by composition and mass of food as well as features of the appliance. Although there is variability depending on these factors, microwave ovens have considerable potential for energy saving. Foods cooked by microwaves are as nutritious and, in some instances, more nutritious than those cooked conventionally. Safety to the users of microwave ovens is assured by strict Government regulations.
The Effects of Zero Tolerance Policies on Black Girls: Using Critical Race Feminism and Figured Worlds to Examine School Discipline:

Black girls are more likely to be suspended or expelled through exclusionary discipline than their female counterparts, but continue to be overlooked and understudied. This article presents a case ...
A probabilistic model for visual inspection of concrete shear walls

This paper presents a probabilistic model, called Bayesian networks, to visually assess the state of damage in reinforced concrete shear walls. The goal of this research is to reduce the inspection time and decrease the chance of missing or underestimating the state of damage in such structures. To develop this model, we define six types of visible damage on concrete shear walls. The model describes the causal relationship of such damage signs with the design parameters and damage states of the walls. To train and test the model, a database of all visually documented experimental works on concrete shear walls was collected from the literature. The model is trained on ninety percent of the database, and its performance is successfully validated on the ten percent remaining unseen portion of the database. The results show that the model can classify the images of yielded and failed walls. Additionally, it can prognosticate the most probable failure scenario for a yielded wall.
Plasticity in native perennial grass populations: Implications for restoration

Increasing the evolutionary potential of restored populations has become a viable objective of restoration activities. Choosing plant materials genetically adapted to the restoration environment is critical for success, and phenotypic plasticity may also contribute to establishment and persistence in disturbed environments. To select seed sources for restoration informed by plasticity, we must answer the question: Do some source environments produce more plastic genotypes than others? Using a dataset of maternal families from 130 western US source populations of the perennial bunchgrass Poa secunda, we used variance components to determine the contribution of source population to phenotypic plasticity in two common gardens over two growing seasons. Compared with the genetic contribution to phenotypes, plasticity explained a large fraction of phenotypic variation and was particularly strong for phenology (timing of reproductive events) traits. Plasticity values among phenology traits were also highly correlated. For the morphological traits (panicle length, leaf size) and survival, the genetic contribution to the phenotype was greater than the plastic contribution, but plasticity values among these traits were not highly correlated. Seeds collected from warm and dry locations produced plants with more plasticity in phenology, panicle number, and biomass; cool and wet locations were associated with more plasticity in leaf size, panicle length, plant habit (prostrate or erect), and survival. Plasticity may complement genetic variation for adaptation in restoration materials in some traits.
Theoretical Valence Charge Densities for Graphite, Diamond, and LiC6

The valence charge density of graphite was determined from first-principles, self-consistent electronic structure calculations and found to be in excellent agreement with values derived from experimental X-ray form factors. Similar calculations were carried out for the valence charge densities of diamond and of a first stage intercalation compound, LiC6.