cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ability of the branchiopod, Artemia salina, to graze upon harmful algal blooms caused by Alexandrium fundyense, Aureococcus anophagefferens, and Cochlodinium polykrikoides

Abstract We present experiments that examined the grazing and survivorship of zooplankton native ( Acartia tonsa ) and non-native ( Artemia salina ) to NY (USA) estuaries when exposed to blooms and cultures of the three harmful algae native to NY, Alexandrium fundyense , Aureococcus anophagefferens (strains CCMP 1850 and CCMP 1984) and Cochlodinium polykrikoides . During experiments with cultures of A. anophagefferens , clearance rates (CR) of A. salina were significantly greater than those of A. tonsa for both algal strains examined. A. salina fed on cultures of C. polykrikoides at higher rates than all phytoplankton species examined, including the control diet ( Rhodomonas salina ), and faster than rates of A. tonsa fed C. polykrikoides . During experiments with A. fundyense , A. salina actively grazed all cell concentrations (250–1500 cells ml −1 ) while A. tonsa did not feed at any concentration. Percent mortality of A. salina and A. tonsa fed A. fundyense for 48 h were 43 ± 7.7% and 72 ± 7.8%, respectively, percentages significantly higher than those of individuals fed all other algal diets. During 25 field experiments using natural blooms of the three HAB species performed across six NY estuaries, A. salina significantly ( p A. anophagefferens , C. polykrikoides , and A. fundyense relative to the control treatments in all but one experiment. The sum of these findings demonstrates that a failure to graze these HABs by the indigenous copepod, A. tonsa , may permit blooms to occur. In addition, the ability of A. salina to graze these HABs at densities that were inhibitory to A. tonsa suggests that A. salina could, in some circumstances, be considered as a part of mitigation strategy for these events.
Assessing the impact of substance use and hepatitis coinfection on atazanavir and lopinavir trough concentrations in HIV-infected patients during therapeutic drug monitoring.

Abstract:Atazanavir (ATV) and lopinavir (LPV) are widely used HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Like with other protease inhibitors, careful monitoring of potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in clinical practice is necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of substance use and
Effects of aporphine isomers on rat prolactin

Abstract S (+)-aporphines are partial agonists at D 2 dopamine receptors. High selectivity of anti-dopaminergic action in limbic vs. extrapyramidal regions of rat brain and lack of induction of dopaminergic supersensitivity have suggested their potential as atypical antipsychotic drugs. Now, in testing for effects on circulating prolactin, a typical D 2 antagonist haloperidol elevated, and potent agonist R (−)-11-hydroxy- N -propylnoraporphine lowered, serum prolactin levels in gentled male rats, while S (+)- N -propylnorapomorphine and its 11-monohydroxy analog had little or no effect, even at high doses. Lack of hyperprolactinemia adds to characteristics of S (+)-aporphines that are desirable in improved antipsychotics.
Voluntary and proprietary hospital behavioural response to socio-economic stimuli

This paper contributes to the literature on the economic aspects of hospital behaviour in the United States in these substantive ways: (1) A theoretical basis for incorporating socio-economic variables, in the form of indices, into our analysis of hospital behaviour is presented; (2) it is found that hospitals of the same ownership type exhibit different economic behaviour when located in different socio-economic environments; in fact, our results indicate that the prevailing assumption of structural homogeneity among differing ownership types is incorrect; (3) findings further suggest that the relative affluence of an urban area is a better determinant of the impact of factor price variation among hospitals than the extent of urbanization alone. Finally, the cost function specified here has broad implications for future empirical studies of hospital behaviour. It is found that the ‘flexible form’ quadratic approximation estimated, generally gives theoretically consistent results.
The generalization of Lagrange's expansion and the enumeration of trees: a correction

The determinantal factor on p. 512 of Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 61 (1965), should have the off-diagonal element in position ( s , t ) of the array multiplied by b st . This slip was pointed out to me by Dr Donald Knuth. When the rooted-labelled tree is not necessarily ‘chromatic,’ so that the b ss 's can be 1, the diagonal terms of the matrix become
Z-SCANS WITH NEAR-GAUSSIAN LASER BEAMS

Laboratory measurements of optical nonlinearities can be significantly affected by imperfections in the laser beam profiles. Here the effects of beam profile on Z-scan measurements are calculated for a large number of near-Gaussian beams. These effects are modeled for Z-scans of thin media, for both refractive and absorptive nonlinearities. The difference ∆T between the maximum and minimum values of the normalized transmittance generally increases with the beam quality factor M2 (as the beam quality declines). for a given beam power and waist size. The scatter in ∆T values also increases with M2.
Leveraging the contributory potential of user feedback

Under contribution is an important problem in online social production communities: important tasks don't get done, and only a small minority of participants are active contributors. How can we remedy this situation? We explore the feasibility of using the act of consuming information as a gateway to contributing information; specifically, we investigate semi-automated means to extract useful information from standard types of user feedback. We explore this approach in the context of a geographic wiki and route-planning system for bicyclists. We analyzed naturally occurring textual route feedback, finding that the feedback was rich in information such as bikeability ratings, tags and notes that are useful to improve the system's route finding and navigational assistance capabilities. We also present a technique to extract such information by engaging users in dialogue immediately after they obtain a route. We believe that our results and ideas are applicable to a broad class of social production systems.
Isotope Shift and Saturation Behavior of the 1.15 − μ Transition of Ne

The dependence of a laser's power output and exact oscillation frequency dependence on the saturation behavior of the atomic transition was used to study the transition. Two He- Ne lasers containing isotopically enriched samples of Ne20 and Ne22/ were used. From frequency considerations, the isotope shift was determined to be 261 plus or minus 3 Mc/sec at 0.1 mm Ne and 1.0 mm He partial pressures. Extrapolation from a plot of the saturation parameters is total He-Ne pressure gave limits for the parameters of 108 sec-1.
Can vertebrate predation alter aggregation of risk in an insect host–parasitoid system?

Summary 1 Insect host–parasite systems allow investigations of the trophodynamics of ecological communities within a well-formed theoretical context. A little explored feature of such systems involves the interplay between generalized consumers and host–parasitoid dynamics. I report a study investigating how the impacts of generalized consumers, viewed here as interaction modifications, may influence the stability of a particular interspecific interaction. 2 In a study involving overwintering oothecae of the praying mantis Stagmomantis limbata (Hahn), birds damaged 36% of oothecae, 85% of which had also been parasitized by winter-active, multivoltine torymid wasps of the genus Podagrion. Birds preferentially preyed upon oothecae oviposited high on trees, but such predation was often incomplete, leaving both viable and parasitized mantid eggs inside damaged oothecae. 3 Two factors allowed bird damage to influence the distribution of risk of parasitism among oothecae and among hosts. These were (1) that some parasites − but no mantids − emerged successfully prior to bird predation and (2) that extensive post-damage foraging by parasitoids occurred, but that the nature of this foraging was altered little by oothecal damage. 4 In all, bird damage engendered a fourfold increase (from 1·5 to 6·5) in the CV2 of parasitism risk among hosts (a stability criterion that has been proposed for host–parasitoid interactions) and increased the relative importance of host-density-dependent parasitism. The role of timing of the two natural enemy impacts for stability of the host–parasitoid interaction is discussed.
DETERMINANTS OF THE BID-ASK SPREAD ON FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS UNDER FLOATING EXCHANGE RATES

The bid-ask spread on forward contracts determines, in part, the effectiveness of the foreign exchange market as a vehicle for hedging exchange risk. The purpose of this paper is to try to explain the variation in the spread over time and across currencies by examining the costs and risks banks face when dealing in foreign exchange. The paper also attempts to define the proper risk measure for open forward position in foreign exchange.
Effect of Exogenous Phospholipase A2 on Insulin Secretion from Perifused Rat Islets

Treatment of isolated, perifused rat islets with exogenous PLA2 in amounts ranging from 1 to 1000 mU/ml caused a dose-dependent increase in the rate of insulin secretion. This effect of PLA2 was rapid and seen in the absence of added exogenous fuel. It differed from glucose-induced insulin release in temporal pattern: high concentrations of PLA2 caused a single phase of secretion, and high levels of glucose caused a biphasic pattern of secretion. Like glucose-induced release, PLA2-induced release was partially dependent on extracellular calcium because D600 caused a significant inhibition of release induced by PLA2 at 5 mU/ml. Concentrations of BW755c and NDGA, inhibitors of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase or only the lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, which completely blocked the insulin secretory response to 10 mM glucose, had no effect on the secretory response to 5 mU/ml of PLA2. These inhibitors also inhibited glucose usage by the islets. Finally, although repeated brief exposure of islets to stimulatory concentrations of glucose lead to a progressive increase in the magnitude of both the first and second phases of insulin secretion, repeated brief exposures to PLA2 lead to a progressive decrease in response to each new exposure. Nonetheless, those islets that had been exposed several times to exogenous PLA2, and no longer displayed a response to a further PLA2 exposure, responded normally to the addition of 10 mM glucose. These results indicate that PLA2 is a potent insulin secretagogue, that it shares some of the characteristics of glucose as a secretagogue, but that in many significant ways differs markedly from glucose in its effects on insulin release from isolated islets.
Photodissociation and Photoionization Mechanisms in Lanthanide-based Fluorinated β-Diketonate Metal−Organic Chemical-Vapor Deposition Precursors

A detailed photodissociation mechanism for the fluorinated lanthanide (Ln) β-diketonate metal−organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) precursors Ln(fod)3, Ln(hfac)3, and Ln(hfac)3diglyme was elucidated using photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The collisionless environment of the molecular beam source revealed a series of unimolecular steps, starting with dissociation of an intact β-diketonate ligand. Dissociation steps for the second and third ligands are associated with the attachment of a fluoride to the metal ion, leading to one of three ultimate products: Ln, LnF, or LnF2. Except in the case of Pr, no LnO is observed. The pattern of ligand fragmentation strongly supports a mechanism for the fluoride-attachment step which is similar to one previously proposed for the thermally activated decomposition of Ce(hfac)3glyme.(1) The detailed mechanistic understanding of the step-by-step fluorination will provide a basis for new ligand design, which maintains the advantageous mass-transport pr...
SOCS-1 deficiency does not prevent diet-induced insulin resistance

Obesity is associated with inflammation and increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which inhibit cytokine and insulin signaling. Thus, reducing SOCS expression could prevent the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Using SOCS-1 knockout mice, we investigated the contribution of SOCS-1 in the development of insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). SOCS-1 knockout mice on HFD gained 70% more weight, displayed a 2.3-fold increase in epididymal fat pads mass and increased hepatic lipid content. This was accompanied by increased mRNA expression of leptin and the macrophage marker CD68 in white adipose tissue and of SREBP1c and FAS in liver. HFD also induced hyperglycemia in SOCS-1 deficient mice with impairment of glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Thus, despite the role of SOCS proteins in obesity-related insulin resistance, SOCS-1 deficiency alone is not able to prevent insulin resistance induced by a diet rich in fat.
Raising the Educational Requirements for Teachers in Infant Toddler Classrooms: Implications for Institutions of Higher Education

Repeated calls have recently arisen for increasing the educational level of early childhood teachers in all early care and education settings including classrooms for infants and toddlers. Since the majority of teachers in early child settings do not have a college degree, higher educational expectations could place a strain on early childhood teacher preparation programs. Implications of increasing educational expectations of teachers for the higher education institutions that prepare early childhood educators are presented. Challenges related to both the needs of the institutions as well as the needs of the students are addressed. The successful utilization of online courses is explored as one solution to meeting some of the challenges. Recommendations are summarized for policy makers, institutions of higher education, teacher education programs, and faculty.
Intraparticle deactivation of bifunctional catalysts

Abstract The effects of poisoning and parallel and series fouling on the activity and selectivity of bifunctional catalysts are examined. Reaction system behavior in both the presence and absence of diffusional limits is studied, and a comparison is made of the behavior of catalysts subject to very rapid and very slow deactivation. Interpretation of results in terms of macroscopic correlations is also discussed.
Treatment of cold urticaria with cyproheptadine

Abstract We have been able to effectively treat cold-induced urticaria with cyproheptadine. In 8 of 9 patients with primary acquired cold urticaria treated with this drug, there was a striking prolongation of the minimum time required for the induction of a wheal with a cold stimulus. Concomitant with this change there was a significant reduction or elimination of cold sensitivity following natural exposure. The one treatment failure occurred in a patient with an atypical familial form of cold urticaria. The apparent effectiveness of cyproheptadine may be related to its broad antimediator activities.
Effect of matrix on heterogeneous phase chlorine substitution reactions for dibenzo-p-dioxin and HCl in air

Abstract Five materials were used in gas-solid phase reactions between dibenzo-p- dioxin(DD) and HCl in order to determine the role of organic and inorganic components in fly ash on chlorine substitution reactions of chlorinated dioxins. The five solids were: granular activated carbon, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, Tenax-GC, and fly ash. Conditions for reactions were 10 min at 150°C with 5% HCl in air. Extent of chlorination was measured using GC/MS analyses of extracts of fly ash after treatment processes and was expressed as the ratio monochloroDD/original unreacted DD. These ratios were: fly ash, 1.082; silica gel, 0.059; activated carbon, 0.024; and Tenax-GC, 0.001. Measurement of similar behavior on diatomaceous earth was impossible since starting material and possible products were irreversibly adsorbed completely. The major chlorinated dioxin produced under these conditions was 2-chlorodibenzo-p- dioxin which is the isomer favored through an electrophilic substitution mechanism.
Corrigendum to “Activity of bevacizumab (rhuMAB VEGF) in advanced refractory epithelial ovarian cancer” [Gynecol. Oncol. 96 (2005) 902–5]

Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Building 56, Room 262, Orange, CA 92868, USA Division of Medical Oncology, Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA 92801, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Orange CA 92868, USA Gynecologic Oncology, Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA 92801, USA Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
ATF6 Activation Reduces the Secretion and Extracellular Aggregation of Destabilized Variants of an Amyloidogenic Protein

Systemic amyloidoses result from the aberrant secretion of destabilized, amyloidogenic proteins to the serum where they aggregate into proteotoxic soluble aggregates and amyloid fibrils. Few therapeutic approaches exist to attenuate extracellular pathologic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, necessitating the development of new strategies to intervene in these devastating disorders. We show that stress-independent activation of the Unfolded Protein Response-associated transcription factor ATF6 increases ER quality control stringency for the amyloidogenic protein transthyretin (TTR), preferentially reducing secretion of disease-associated TTR variants to an extent corresponding to the variants' destabilization of the TTR tetramer. This decrease in destabilized TTR variant secretion attenuates extracellular, concentration-dependent aggregation of amyloidogenic TTRs into soluble aggregates commonly associated with proteotoxicity in disease. Collectively, our results indicate that increasing ER quality control stringency through ATF6 activation is a strategy to attenuate pathologic aggregation of a destabilized, amyloidogenic protein, revealing a potential approach to intervene in systemic amyloid disease pathology.
Linear rheology of multi-cation polyphosphate glasses

Abstract The viscoelasticity of the liquid state of two multi-cation polyphosphate glasses were studied under oscillatory shear flows in a parallel plate–plate rheometer to determine if organic polymers could be incorporated into the liquids and to provide insights into selection of optimum processing conditions. The viscosity was time-independent near the glass transition temperature and it increased monotonically with time at higher temperatures. The viscosity increase was exponential at times >84 min and the transition time to the exponential dependence was dependent on the shear strain. The results were consistent with the Hookean dumbbell model and an average molecular weight of the liquid structural species was estimated from a modified Rouse theory, making it possible to quantitatively assess melt processability of the multi-cation polyphosphate glasses.
English Language Use, Needs, and Proficiency among Foreign Students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The instruments used were a 72-item questionnaire and two interview schedules. The foreign student population at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign campus (n=1481) was surveyed using the mailed questionnaire, with a return rate of 57%. The interview schedules were administered by telephone to random samples of volunteers (n=20) and questionnaire nonrespondents (n=20), and to a selected sample (n=20) of university faculty and staff.
The story of e

A discussion of the nature and productivity in Internet vocabulary of the prefix e- as in e-mail. I decided to pursue my own analysis of the prefix e- and some observations on the productivity of e-, the variety and nature of the vocabulary taking this prefix, the frequency and distribution of e- prefixed words in texts, the exploitation of words already beginning with e or other prefixes for punning or other creative effects, and, to a lesser extent, the appearance of other Internet-related one-letter prefixes (primarily i-, but others as well).
Surface area and pore size characteristics of nanoporous gold subjected to thermal, mechanical, or surface modification studied using gas adsorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy

Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms are used to investigate the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution of physically modified, thermally annealed, and octadecanethiol functionalized np-Au monoliths. We present the full adsorption-desorption isotherms for N2 gas on np-Au, and observe type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis loops. The evolution of the np-Au under various thermal annealing treatments was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The images of both the exterior and interior of the thermally annealed np-Au show that the porosity of all free standing np-Au structures decreases as the heat treatment temperature increases. The modification of the np-Au surface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of C18-SH (coverage of 2.94 × 1014 molecules cm−2 based from the decomposition of the C18-SH using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), was found to reduce the strength of the interaction of nitrogen gas with the np-Au surface, as reflected by a decrease in the ‘C’ parameter of the BET equation. From cyclic voltammetry studies, we found that the surface area of the np-Au monoliths annealed at elevated temperatures followed the same trend with annealing temperature as found in the BET surface area study and SEM morphology characterization. The study highlights the ability to control free-standing nanoporous gold monoliths with high surface area, and well-defined, tunable pore morphology.
A modified wide-range shunted-T circuit for the measurement of impedance in the a.f., r.f. and v.h.f. ranges

The paper describes a shunted-T circuit provided with a voltage divider, consisting of two resistors or two capacitors, at the input, connected in series across the source. The shunt is connected across the source, whilst the T-circuit is connected across the lower-voltage part of the voltage divider. In this manner the voltages of the shunt and the T-circuit are made different, although they are provided by the same source. The balance condition depends, therefore, not only upon the values of the impedances in the circuit, but also upon the values of the components of the voltage divider. The circuit therefore has a multiplying ratio, or ratio arms, and thus has a much wider range of measurement for a given set of standards. Furthermore, by means of measurement with an additional standard in the circuit, the angular frequency can be made to disappear from the balance equations. Tests have been made over a wide range of resistance, inductance and capacitance, with frequencies varying between 1000 c/s and 50 Mc/s. The accuracy varied between ±0.020% and about ±1%, depending upon the frequency and the standards used.
Model: A Dual Focused Intervention for Depression and Addiction.

Adolescent depression and alcohol dependence are two major conditions affecting the youth of America. This article describes how adolescents are affected by these conditions and offers a dually focused treatment plan. The intervention is created to address the issues related to depression and alcohol dependence. To facilitate and maintain behavioral changes in treatment, the pain will consist of an adolescent group and a family program. The benefits of this type of treatment and rationale for its application are also discussed.
BDD-based logic synthesis for LUT-based FPGAs

Contemporary FPGA synthesis is a multiphase process that involves technology-independent logic optimization followed by FPGA-specific mapping to a target FPGA technology. Conventional technology-independent transformations target standard cells and are unable to optimize circuits with constraints and goals specific to FPGA architectures. This article describes an FPGA-specific logic synthesis approach, which unites multilevel logic transformation, decomposition, and optimization techniques into a single synthesis framework. This system performs network transformation, decomposition, and optimization at an early stage to generate a network that can be directly mapped onto FPGAs. Our techniques are built upon a BDD-based logic decomposition system. With this system, both AND-OR decompositions and AND-XOR decompositions can be identified, resulting in large area savings for synthesized XOR-intensive circuits. To induce good decompositions, a maximum fanout free cone (MFFC) -based partial clustering and collapsing technique is used. This step is followed by an area-minimizing variable partitioning heuristic that decomposes collapsed nodes into LUT-feasible subfunctions. As a postprocessing step, a performance-driven resynthesis phase is performed to alleviate increased delay caused by excessive logic sharing. We compare the quality of results obtained using our techniques with those of academic (BoolMap, SIS) and industry (Altera Quartus) FPGA synthesis tools. Experimental results indicate that the circuits generated by our techniques are not only smaller, but are also significantly faster than those synthesized by conventional FPGA synthesis tools. Furthermore, the computation times required by our techniques are significantly smaller than those of previous techniques.
Effect of oxygen availability and salinity on EARLY LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF SALT MARSH PLANTS. I. Different germination strategies of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis (Poaceae)

Gradients in oxygen availability and salinity are among the most important environmental parameters influencing zonation in salt marsh communities. The combined effects of oxygen and salinity on the germination of two salt marsh grasses, Spartina alternifora and Phragmites australis, were studied in growth chamber experiments. Germination of both species was initiated by emergence of the shoot and completed by root emergence. Percentage S. alternifora germination was reduced at high salinity (40 g NaCl/L) and in decreased oxygen (5 and 2.5%). In 0% oxygen shoots emerged, but roots did not. P. australis germination was reduced at a lower salinity (25 g NaCl/L) than S. alterniflora, and inhibited at 40 g NaCl/L and in anoxia. However, a combination of hypoxia (10 and 5% 02) and moderate salinity (5 and 10 g NaCl/L) increased P. australis germination. When bare areas in the salt marsh are colonized, the different germination responses of these two species to combinations of oxygen and salt concentrations are important in establishing their initial zonation. In high salinity wetlands S. alterniflora populates the lower marsh and P. australis occupies the high marsh at the upland boundary.
The cost implications of health care reform.

Jonathan Gruber argues that by the second decade, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will have reduced national health care spending.
Reversible inhibition by interferon of the maturation of human peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages

Abstract We demonstrated that interferon delays the maturation of human monocytes to macrophages in vitro as assessed by morphologic, histochemical, and biochemical parameters. After exposure to interferon, monocytes were slightly smaller, less stretched out, and had a delayed loss of granules with peroxidase positive reactivity, as compared with control, noninterferon-treated cells. Also, interferon prevented the increase of the specific activity of three lysosomal enzymes (β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, and β- N -acetylglucosaminidase) in the monocytes, and enzyme activities were 30–40% of that observed in untreated cells. Both human leukocyte and human fibroblast interferons were effective in delaying the maturation process. The effects of the interferon were species specific and reversible and were neutralized by antiinterferon serum. These studies describe a new nonantiviral effect of interferon, unique in that it involves the delay of maturation of cells in a system which is not associated with cell proliferation. Thus interferon could potentially effect host defense mechanisms and aspects of the immune response which are dependent on the maturation of monocytes to macrophages.
School Counseling—What Does the Future Hold?:

The outlook for school counseling today is not a bright one, says this writer, who offers some suggestions for improvement for administrators as well as counselors.
Radiometric calibration pipeline for the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager

This paper covers the design and initial performance analysis of the radiometric calibration pipeline software for the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (EO-1). The design and implementation of the software and of the radiometric calibration database are discussed. Radiometric calibration data were gathered in the laboratory during integration and test and were used for initializing the database. This database will be updated in the future with data collected on orbit. Initial performance results have been obtained after applying the radiometric calibration to imaging data collected during ALI integration and test and ground calibration. During the initial test it was noted a few detectors leaked energy into other detectors, thereby requiring special calibration processing for the affected detectors. The handling of this anomaly is discussed, and the initial performance results of the calibration pipeline with the anomaly corrections will be shown.
The Semantic Theory of James Harris: A Study of Hermes (1751)

SUMMARYAlthough the semantic theory proposed by Harris in Hermes (1751) was not well received in 18th-century England and has been generally neglected by scholars ever since, it is certainly deserving of our attention because it is a perceptive analysis of the logico-semantic structure of language. In the tradition of philosophical or universal grammar, Harris argued that the subject matter of the linguist should be the conceptual level or the deep structure of language rather than the utterance or the surface structure. Therefore, Harris reasoned that an adequate explanation of meaning required a description of the relationship of language and thought. Furthermore, since he recognized that the study of language was necessary for the advancement of learning, which he considered to be the essence of science, he regarded the limits of 18th-century science too narrow in that they excluded semantics. Harris' theory advanced that an analysis of the sentence, the basis of the synthesis of the mind and language, was crucial to a semantic theory. Since the number of utterances is infinite, Harris attempted to discover a finite and universal set of psychological principles which he believed generated sentences. Although he concluded that a notion of general and particular ideas would ultimately explain verbal communication, he hoped that identifying the source of these ideas would be the work of future scholars.RESUMEBien que la theorie semantique proposee par James Harris (1709-80) dans Hermes (1751) n'ait pas ete bien reCue au XVIIIe siecle en Angleterre, et meme ait ete en general negligee par les specialistes jusque la, elle merite certainement notre attention en tant qu'analyse perceptive de la structure logique ou semantique du langage. Se situant dans la tradition de la grammaire universelle ou philosophique, Harris soutenait que l'objet d'etude du linguiste devait etre le niveau conceptuel, autrement dit la structure profonde du langage plutot que son expression orale ou structure superficielle. Cependant, Harris demontrait qu'une explication convenable du processus de signification necessitait une description des relations existant entre le langage et la pensee, et meme, dans la mesure ou il reconnaissait que l'etude du langage etait necessaire pour le progres de l'ensignement (qu'il considerait comme etant la science essentielle), il indiquait que les limites de la science du XVIIIe siecle etaient trop etroites en ce qu'elles excluaient la semantique. La theorie de Harris a mis en evidence qu'une analyse de la phrase — ce fondement de la synthese de la pensee et du langage — etait essentielle a une theorie semantique. C'est parce que les possibilites d'expression orale sont infinies que Harris a tente de decouvrir un nombre fini et universel de principes psychologiques dont il pensait qu'ils engen-draient les phrases. Bien qu'il ait conclu qu'une connaissance des idees generates et particulieres put en definitive expliquer la communication ver-bale, il esperait que l'identification de I'origine de ces idees serait la tache des specialistes des generations futures.
An examination of the HIV serostatus disclosure process among Haitian immigrants in New York City

Little is known about the HIV serostatus disclosure experience of Haitian immigrants in the USA. We employed the disclosure processes model to examine the disclosure experience of 21 HIV-positive Haitian immigrants in New York City. Data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted between May 2012 and January 2013 with participants from four community-based organizations providing HIV/AIDS services. Analysis of the interviews yielded several enablers relevant to reasons for disclosure including participants being in a close relationship with someone they trusted or felt comfortable with, and the need for support and understanding about the illness. Some of the barriers to HIV serostatus disclosure were fear of being stigmatized, rejected. For participants who had disclosed to significant others in the USA and in Haiti, they reported that they experienced both positive and negative outcomes including social support, emotional relief, encouragement to take their medication, and on some occasions mi...
l-Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate, a Bactericidal Agent

At a concentration of 2.5 mM, dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate has a bactericidal effect upon Escherichia coli. The glycerol 3-phosphate transport system is required for the entry of the biologically active l-enantiomer. l-Glyceraldehyde must be phosphorylated by the cell to exert its full effect upon growth. The addition of dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to a culture of E. coli caused no preferential inhibition of the accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or phosphoglycerides, although protein accumulation was less affected. Studies with mutant strains ruled out catabolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, anabolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate):sn-glycerol 3-phosphate oxidoreductase, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase as the primary sites of action. l-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in the reactions catalyzed by acyl coenzyme A:sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (K(i) of 1.8 mM) and cytidine 5'-diphosphate-diglyceride:sn-glycerol 3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase (K(i) of 2.7 mM). A K(m) mutant for the former enzyme was susceptible to the inhibitor. l-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate does not affect acyl coenzyme A:lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity. In vivo, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol accumulation are inhibited to the same extent by the addition of dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to a culture of E. coli.
An experimental investigation of fatigue crack growth of stainless steel 304L

Abstract A series of fatigue crack growth experiments were conducted using round compact tension specimens of AISI 304L stainless steel under Mode I loading. The influences of the R-ratio (the ratio of the minimum load to the maximum applied load in a cycle), notch size, the tensile and compressive overloads, and the loading sequence on crack growth were studied. The results show that the material displays sensitivity to the R-ratio. The application of a tensile overload results in a short period of acceleration in the crack growth rate followed by a significant retardation in the crack growth rate. A compressive overload (underload) produces a short period of acceleration in crack growth and the magnitude of such an acceleration depends on the value of the loading amplitude of the constant-amplitude loading. Results from the two-step high-low loading sequence reveal a period of crack growth retardation at the beginning of the lower amplitude step, an effect similar to that of a single overload. Two existing crack growth models which are based on the stress intensity factor concept are evaluated using the experimental results. A two-parameter crack driving force approach together with a modified Wheeler’s model is found to correlate well the crack growth experiments.
Asthma in children: Emergency management

Summary We review the pathophysiological alterations at work in asthma and outline pharmacological agents that are available for emergency therapeutic intervention, offering some general principles for management. A combined overview of predictors of outcome in asthmatic episodes in children also is presented.
Structural comparison of hexosaminidases in primates.

Abstract 1. 1. β-Hexosaminidase (hex) structure was compared in various primates, using thin-layer isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and quantitative microcomplement fixation. 2. 2. Isoelectric focusing revealed no intraspecies differences and similar interspecies patterns. 3. 3. Hex A and B are evolving at a moderate, but equal, rate and in a manner consistent with accepted phylogenetic patterns. 4. 4. Quantitative microcomplement fixation revealed a closer homology between human hex A and chimpanzee A or human hex B and chimpanzee hex B than between human hex A and human hex B.
Fracture d’un stent carotidien avec récidive de sténose serrée

La fracture de stent est une complication rare apres angioplastie carotidienne et stenting. L’anatomie du malade, la conception du stent, et des forces externes sont toutes des facteurs de risque. Les options de traitement incluent la surveillance ou la reintervention par des techniques endovasculaires et ouvertes puisque les malades sont en general asymptomatiques. Nous presentons le cas d’un homme de 66 ans avec une fracture de stent carotidien qui a developpe une recidive de stenose asymptomatique tres serree traitee par angioplastie carotidienne iterative et stenting.
Calcium antagonism abolishes the antipressor action of vasopressin (V1) receptor antagonism.

Previous studies demonstrate that vasopressin (V1) receptor antagonism lowers arterial pressure in blacks. This action of V1 receptor blockade may be mediated through various mechanisms including changes in intracellular calcium fluxes. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that inhibition of calcium entry may attenuate the reduction in arterial pressure observed with V1 receptor blockade. Sixteen hypertensive patients, 8 whites and 8 blacks, were examined. Each had their antihypertensive therapy stopped for 1 week. Following three baseline blood pressure measurements, all patients were given an intravenous bolus injection of a V1 receptor antagonist. Blood pressure was monitored every 10 min for a period of 3 h. Subjects were then randomized to either 0.2 mg clonidine twice daily or 300 mg diltiazem CD daily for a period of 3 days and the previous experiments repeated. Patients were then crossed over to the other drug for an additional 3 days and the experiments repeated. There was a significant reduction from baseline in the mean arterial pressure among blacks but not whites (-11 +/- 3 delta mm Hg blacks versus -1 +/- 2 delta mm Hg whites, P < .01). In the presence of clonidine, there were similar reductions in arterial pressure in both groups (P = .026) with a further reduction following V1 receptor blockade only in the blacks (-7 +/- 3 delta mm Hg blacks versus 6 +/- 2 delta mm Hg whites; P < .001). Conversely, in the presence of diltiazem CD, there were no further reductions in arterial pressure in either group following the V1 receptor antagonist. We conclude that calcium channel blockade abolishes the blood pressure lowering response of V1 receptor blockade in blacks.
A reply to professors Metcalfe and Steedman

Abstract This reply argues that those points raised by Metcalfe and Steedman which are valid were in fact axiomatic to my original paper. Thus, when properly interpreted, their comments simply reinforce my conclusions. Three new propositions are presented in the course of the argument.
Comparisons of dietary intake in young and old Asian Americans: A two-generation study

We assessed dietary patterns of 71 young Asians and 71 old Asians with each pair residing in the same household. The purpose of this study was to discover differences in nutrient intakes between young and old Asians, in particular, fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, iron, calcium, zinc, potassium and sodium. Our ethnic subgroup comparisons of nutrient intakes in young and old Asians were also performed. We analyzed mean nutrient intakes and percent RDA for Kcal, protein, iron, and zinc, and energy nutrient (% Kcal) distributions for young and old Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese. Three-day dietary records were used as a tool in collecting data. The diets were analyzed by the computer program Nutritionist III (V7) and statistically analyzed by Mystat and SPSS. In general, young Chinese, Vietnamese, and Japanese consumed lower amounts of dietary zinc and calcium when compared to the RDAs for their age groups. In the old group, Japanese consumed more nutrients overall than those of Vietnamese and Chinese. Our results indicated that both old and young Asians ate rather well. However, both calcium intakes and dietary fiber were relatively low in both groups. Apart from their dietary habits, both groups consumed limited amounts of fruits and vegetables. We found that young Asians had a higher fat diet and consumed more cholesterol than their old counterparts. Based on our findings, the young Asians ate out three times more than the old Asians. Old Asians ate more ethnic foods than young Asians. Young Asians' diets were more Americanized in that they ate more fast foods and drank more juices than old Asians. In the process of acculturation, the young Asians consumed foods that were higher in fat and cholesterol, but lower in fiber. They have acquired a diet in which the positive aspects of their traditional diets were replaced by the negative aspects of the Western diets, which are relatively high in fat and cholesterol, but low in fiber.
The behavior and appearance in tissue culture of rostral pituitary cells from Fundulus heteroclitus linnaeus

Abstract Cultures of fragments of the proadenohypophysis of the pituitary of Fundulus heteroclitus, L., divested of capsular connective tissue membrane and grown in vitro are composed largely of prolactin cells which have previously been shown to contain prolactin (Emmart and Mossakowski, 1967) . At the periphery of the culture the isolated cell assumes a characteristic blunt, crescentic form surrounded by an undulating membrane. The isolated cell revolves within a limited area moved by the clockwise, wavelike action of an undulating peripheral membrane. In the prolactin cell, not undergoing cell division, the nucleus has the characteristic bent or folded-over appearance commonly seen in histological preparations. It retains this shape when the cell spirals over, even though the nuclear membrane is undergoing minor wavelike fluctuations. Histiocytes or macrophages were observed in these cultures and a description of them has been given as they moved swiftly in channels between the undulating membranes of prolactin cells.
A secure authentication and billing architecture for wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are gaining growing interest as a promising technology for ubiquitous high-speed network access. While much effort has been made to address issues at physical, data link, and network layers, little attention has been paid to the security aspect central to the realistic deployment of WMNs. We propose UPASS, the first known secure authentication and billing architecture for large-scale WMNs. UPASS features a novel user-broker-operator trust model built upon the conventional certificate-based cryptography and the emerging ID-based cryptography. Based on the trust model, each user is furnished with a universal pass whereby to realize seamless roaming across WMN domains and get ubiquitous network access. In UPASS, the incontestable billing of mobile users is fulfilled through a lightweight realtime micropayment protocol built on the combination of digital signature and one-way hash-chain techniques. Compared to conventional solutions relying on a home-foreign-domain concept, UPASS eliminates the need for establishing bilateral roaming agreements and having realtime interactions between potentially numerous WMN operators. Our UPASS is shown to be secure and lightweight, and thus can be a practical and effective solution for future large-scale WMNs.
Turning Out to Vote: The Costs of Finding and Getting to the Polling Place

Could changing the locations of polling places affect the outcome of an election by increasing the costs of voting for some and decreasing them for others? The consolidation of voting precincts in Los Angeles County during California's 2003 gubernatorial recall election provides a natural experiment for studying how changing polling places influences voter turnout. Overall turnout decreased by a substantial 1.85 percentage points: A drop in polling place turnout of 3.03 percentage points was partially offset by an increase in absentee voting of 1.18 percentage points. Both transportation and search costs caused these changes. Although there is no evidence that the Los Angeles Registrar of Voters changed more polling locations for those registered with one party than for those registered with another, the changing of polling places still had a small partisan effect because those registered as Democrats were more sensitive to changes in costs than those registered as Republicans. The effects were small enough to allay worries about significant electoral consequences in this instance (e.g., the partisan effect might be decisive in only about one in two hundred contested House elections), but large enough to make it possible for someone to affect outcomes by more extensive manipulation of polling place locations.
The Fe XXI lambda1354 line in solar flares observed from Skylab and its implications on ionization equilibrium calculations

We have measured the line width of the forbidden line Fe XXI lambda1354 in flare spectra observed from Skylab. The measured line widths are examined using three sets of ionization equilibrium calculations by Jordan, Summers, and Jacobs et al. The results indicate that the ionization equilibrium temperature of Fe XXI is more likely to be approx.1.0 x 10/sup 7/ K, a value given by Jacobs t al. and Jordan, rather than the higher value of approx.2.0 x 10/sup 7/ K given by Summers.