cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nature of bacterial revertants produced by the decay of incorporated tritium compounds in Escherichia coli

Abstract The existence of two subclasses of revertants has been demonstrated among the revertant populations produced by [3H]thymidine, [3H]uracil, and [3H]histidine decays in Escherichia coli. The majority of the total revertant population is composed of dependent revertants which give rise to revertant colonies in the presence of nutrient fortification. In addition, there are some independent revertants that form colonies in the absence of nutrient fortification. The relative mutagenic efficiencies for production of independent revertants are in the order: [3H]thymidine, [3H]uracil, and [3H]histidine (in relative magnitudes 3.0, 1.4, 1.0, respectively). The disproportionately low yield of revertants in the independent subclass produced by one of the 3H compounds ([3H]uracil) infers that there are at least two molecular alterations that can mediate the reversion of a bacterial mutant by 3H decay, and thet the specificity of the 3H compounds used is sufficient to effect differentially the propertions of these two alterations.
The use of restricted environmental stimulation therapy in treating addictive behaviors

Successful treatment of addictive behaviors is difficult because of the complexity of relevant contributing variables. Restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) is offered as a useful, fl...
Plasma ionization and resistivity models for low-, mid- and higher-atomic number plasmas and their applications to radiative properties of z-pinches

Abstract The LTE Saha–Boltzmann plasma ionization balance model and the Braginskii plasma electric resistance model are compared with the results by a suite of codes based on the average-atom model, which is a quantum-mechanical version of the Temperature Dependent Thomas–Fermi Theory. The analysis is focused on low-Z Al, mid-Z Cu and higher-Z Mo plasmas over broad ranges of electron temperature Te and electron number density ne. Calculations of mean ion charge by these two LTE models are compared to the results produced by non-LTE atomic kinetic codes. The applicability of the LTE and non-LTE models to the description of the radiative properties of highly-radiating z-pinch plasmas is also discussed. Two different approaches to the calculation of plasma resistance and their effects on line radiation mechanisms are analyzed.
Normal vibrations of a finite linear lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions

Abstract An exact normal mode analysis is carried out for a free-ended monatomic linear lattice with both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor harmonic interactions. The method of Lagrange's equations with “extra” forces makes it possible to obtain exact normal modes of the system relatively easily. In this method, a part of the forces acting on the system is treated as an extra force that modifies Lagrange's equations of motion for the basic system whose solution is readily available. The correctness of the analysis is demonstrated by applying it to simple systems containing only several particles. It is also shown that the effect of the next-nearest-neighbor interaction is negligible when the system is large. The method of analysis used in this article can be applied to more complicated normal vibrational problems.
The mechanism of S1 [fx403-1] T1 nonradiative process in quinoxaline by Zeeman-PMDR spectroscopy

Abstract It is demonstrated that the results of the Zeeman effect on the observed phosphorescence spectrum at low temperatures can yield information concerning the mechanism of the S 1 [fx403-2] T 1 nonradiative process. The results of this as well as the Zeeman-PMDR technique support the direct S 1 (n,π * ) [fx403-3] T 1 (π,π * ) intersystem crossing mechanism for quinoxaline in durene, in spite of the larger energy gap involved (as compared with the S 1 [fx403-4] T 2 [fx403-5] T 1 mechanism).
Graded equivalence theory with applications

We develop the foundations for graded equivalence theory and apply them to investigate properties such as primeness, finite representation type, and vertex theory of graded rings. The key fact that we prove is that, for any two G-graded rings R and S such that there is a category equivalence from gr(R) to gr(S) that commutes with suspensions, then, for any subgroup H of G, the categories gr(H|G,R) and gr(H|G,S) of modules graded by the G-set of right cosets are also equivalent.
Development of a 2-D CFD Approach for Computing 3-D Honeycomb Labyrinth Leakage

A new approach for employing a 2-D CFD model to approximately compute a 3-D flow field such as that in a honeycomb labyrinth seal was developed. The advantage of this approach is that it greatly reduces the computer resource requirement needed to obtain a solution of the leakage for the 3-D flow through a honeycomb labyrinth. After the leakage through the stepped labyrinth seal was measured, it was used in numerically determining the value of one dimension (DTF1) of the simplified geometry 2-D approximate CFD model. Then the capability of the 2-D model approach was demonstrated by using it to compute the 3-D flow that had been measured at different operating conditions, and in some cases different distance to contact values. It was found that very close agreement with measurements was obtained in all cases, except for that of intermediate clearance and distance to contact for two sets of upstream and downstream pressure. The 2-D approach developed here offers interesting benefits relative to conventional algebraic-equation models, particularly for evaluating labyrinth geometries/operating conditions that are different from that of the data employed in developing the algebraic model.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
FDG-PET/CT for the evaluation of response to therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma to vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) in a phase II trial

Harnessing the power of molecular imaging in particular positron emission tomography (PET) to assess response to therapy in early clinical trials has the potential to yield crucial data on efficacy and streamline drug development. Vorinostat (also known as SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor which alters gene transcription to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis. In a phase II trial of vorinostat for cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-PET/computed tomography (CT) was performed on patients with both cutaneous and nodal disease. FDG-PET/CT fuses the power of metabolic imaging from FDG-PET with the anatomic detail of CT. Scans were conducted on subjects pre-therapy and during therapy. Changes in the values of FDG uptake and measurements of nodal dimensions and thickness of cutaneous lesions were tabulated. FDG-PET/CT provided an objective measure of the response (or lack thereof) of both cutaneous and nodal disease to therapy with vorinostat. The results of this study are encouraging for the potential utility of FDG-PET/CT in future trials with HDAC inhibitors for other diseases and for CTCL with other therapies. Further study will be required to determine the prognostic value of the initial PET/CT scan and response on follow-up scans.
Mass transfer in a membrane tube with turbulent flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

Spectral theory of turbulence has been applied to obtain expressions for the mass transfer coefficient in the case of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Expression of mass transfer coefficient obtained from the spectral theory of turbulence is then compared with that obtained from other hydrodynamic models. Similarities and advantages of these models are discussed. Mass transfer models developed on the basis of hydrodynamic consideration, show their potential in providing mechanistic aspect of transport behavior with respect to mixing and viscous stresses of the fluid on the membrane surface. The effects of flow index and consistency factor of the non-Newtonian fluids, on the mass transfer phenomena in a membrane tube are discussed.
Agronomics and economics of no-till facultative wheat in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Abstract Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW) rotated with dust-mulch summer fallow (WW/SF) has been the dominant production practice in the low-precipitation zone (
A multi-scale model for the intraseasonal impact of the diurnal cycle of tropical convection

One of the crucial features of tropical convection is the observed variability on multiple spatiotemporal scales, ranging from cumulus clouds on the daily time scale over a few kilometers to intraseasonal oscillations over planetary scales. The diurnal cycle of tropical convection is a significant process, but its large-scale impact is not well understood. Here, we develop a multi-scale analytic model to assess the intraseasonal impact of planetary-scale inertial oscillations in the diurnal cycle. A self-contained derivation of a multi-scale model governing planetary-scale tropical flows on the daily and intraseasonal time scale is provided below, by following the derivation of systematic multi-scale models for tropical convection. This derivation demonstrates the analytic tractability of the model. The appeal of the multi-scale model developed here is that it provides assessment of eddy flux divergences of momentum and temperature and their intraseasonal impact on the planetary-scale circulation in a transparent fashion. Here, we use it to study the intraseasonal impact of a model for the diurnal cycle heating with two local phase-lagged baroclinic modes with the congestus, deep, stratiform life cycle. The results show that during boreal summer, the eddy flux divergence of temperature dominates in the northern hemisphere, providing significant heating in the middle troposphere of the northern hemisphere with large-scale ascent and cooling with subsidence surrounding this heating center. Due to the analytic tractability of the model, such significant eddy flux divergence of temperature is traced to meridional asymmetry of the diurnal cycle heating. In an ideal zonally symmetric case, the resulting planetary-scale circulation on the intraseasonal time scale during boreal summer is characterized by ascent in the northern hemisphere, southward motion in the upper troposphere, descent around the equator and northward motion in the lower troposphere. The intraseasonal impact of the diurnal cycle on the planetary scale also includes negative potential temperature anomalies in the lower troposphere, which suggests convective triggering in the tropics. Furthermore, a fully coupled model for the intraseasonal impact of the diurnal cycle on the Hadley cell shows that the overturning motion induced by the eddy flux divergences of momentum and temperature from the diurnal cycle can strengthen the upper branch of the winter cell of the Hadley circulation, but weaken the lower branch of the winter cell. The corresponding eddy fluxes from the diurnal cycle are very weak for the equinox case with symmetric meridional profiles, and eddy momentum fluxes are small for all scenarios considered here.
Raymond Pearl memorial lecture, 1988: Evolution of mitochondrial DNA in human and other organisms.

Within the last ten years complete sequencing of mitochondrial DNA in human and several other species, sequencing of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal and transfer RNAs in many species of bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, and population studies of restriction enzyme polymorphism in the mtDNAs of insects, mammals and sixteen species of primates produced a wide range of new data and theory in molecular evolutionary genetics. These data support the endosymbiotic origin of the eukaryotic cell, the evolution of the Genus Homo with Pan as the closest related living genus, and the origin of modern Homo sapiens by gradualistic, anagenetic, regional phyletic transformation from Homo erectus.
Effect of frozen storage and freeze-thaw cycles on the rheological and baking properties of frozen doughs.

Abstract The effects of prolonged frozen storage and repeated partial freeze–thaw cycles on the rheological and baking properties of nine commercial wheat cultivars were evaluated. The gluten strength of the cultivars ranged from medium to high, whereas the starch swelling characteristics were similar for most cultivars, except Parshall, which exhibited exceptionally high swelling properties. The doughs were subjected to frozen storage for 4–12 weeks, with and without freeze–thaw cycles. The enthalpy of freezable water was significantly affected by initial freezing, whereas, the rheological properties of the doughs were more susceptible to freeze–thaw cycles. After baking, all cultivars produced bread of acceptable quality, although cv. Parshall exhibited the highest crumb softness, irrespective of the frozen treatment. Results indicate that flours with high starch swelling characteristics, along with moderately high gluten strength, may be most ideal for producing optimum quality frozen doughs, with good shelf life and baking properties.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Is Associated with Less Physical Activity among US Adults: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background We have a limited understanding of the effects of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on physical activity (PA), and we have no prevalence estimates of the daily movement patterns among Americans with AMD. Therefore, we examined the association between AMD and PA and provided estimates of the daily movement patterns of Americans with AMD. Methods Data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, including 1,656 adults (40-85 yrs). Retinal imaging was performed to classify individuals as no AMD, early AMD, or late AMD. Participants wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer for 7 days to measure PA behavior. Results 93.2% of participants with late AMD were in the least desirable group (not sufficiently active and having a negative light intensity-sedentary behavior balance). After adjustments (including age), participants with late AMD, as compared to those with no AMD, engaged in 50% less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28-0.90). When visual acuity was entered into the model along with the other covariates, the association between late AMD and MVPA was no longer significant (RR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29-1.01), suggesting that visual acuity may partially mediate this relationship. Conclusions Individuals with late AMD engage in very little moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Visually acuity, in part, explains the relationship between late AMD and PA.
Absolute dynamic viscosity measurements of subcooled liquid oxygen from 0.15 MPa to 1.0 MPa

Abstract New absolute dynamic viscosity measurements of subcooled liquid oxygen are presented which were acquired in the pressure and temperature domains from 0.15 MPa to 1.0 MPa and from 55.20 K to 90.19 K, respectively. The measurements were acquired with an uncertainty of 1% at a 95% confidence level using a pressurized gravitational capillary (PGC) viscometer specifically designed for subcooled liquefied gases. The measurements are summarized by Arrhenius–Eyring plot parameters ( μ = A e E / R T ), and interpreted with respect to the chemical reaction rate theory of viscosity by Eyring. The Arrhenius–Eyring plot parameters reproduce the dynamic viscosity measurements with only a 2% RMS error, which is remarkable considering just two parameters are involved, A , the factor which includes the weak pressure dependence of the dynamic viscosity, and E / R , the barrier energy of the flow, where R is the universal gas constant. Although the Arrhenius–Eyring plot parameters do not have a discernible pressure dependence in the present work, the pressure coefficient versus temperature for the dynamic viscosity was determined from line plots of the dynamic viscosity versus pressure. The pressure coefficients suggest that the pressure dependence is very weak, yet positive, and increases with decreasing temperature. Measurements at pressures an order-of-magnitude higher are required to confirm this suggestion.
Pinus ponderosa seedling establishment and the influence of competition with the bunchgrass Agropyron spicatum

Interspecific competition between Agropyron spicatum (Pursh.) Scrib. & Smith bunchgrasses and naturally established seedlings of Pinus ponderosa was examined within a pine/bunchgrass community. A wire mesh was used to separate bunchgrass culms from pine seedling shoots to determine if the bunchgrass canopy influenced the survival of pine seedlings. In addition, two lengths of root exclusion tubes were used to determine the effects of bunchgrass root overlap on pine seedlings. The bunchgrass canopy did not significantly affect pine seedling survival. However, root competition, presumably for water, significantly decreased pine seedling survival. Exclusion of bunchgrass roots from a 0.15-m- and 0.30-m-deep root zone of pine seedlings resulted in 40% and 80% reductions in mortality, respectively. Root exclusion also significantly delayed mortality 2-3 wk. Pine seedlings developed taproots that reached below the zone of maximum bunchgrass root density within 4 wk of germination. The pine/bunchgrass community ...
A method for processing free-floating cultured cells for scanning electron microscopy

A simple and convenient method is described to aid the processing of minute tissue specimens and isolated single cells for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The technique employs an inexpensive, disposable carrier fashioned from common Beem capsules and Nitex nylon screen. This method avoids excessive handling, transfers or centrifugation steps that may damage delicate specimens. Specimens processed by this method show excellent preservation of cell surface fine structure.
Development and application of a heat balance integral method for analysis of metallurgical solidification

Abstract A heat balance integral method is developed for analysis of the unidirectional solidification of a binary eutectic alloy. This “semianalytical” technique can deal with problems which involve mushy phase change, superheat, and nonconstant thermal properties. Comprehensive testing against available analytical solutions is carried out. Applications to problems of metallurgical significance, beyond the scope of analytical solutions, are made. In these applications the performance of the proposed heat balance scheme is compared with predictions obtained with an explicit enthalphy numerical method. Results indicate for a wide range of problems the heat balance integral approach gives accurate predictions of governing solidification parameters up to 30 times more efficiently than the numerical method.
Synthetic Mycolic Acid Bilayers with Applications in Nanopore Sequencing

To date, work in lipid bilayers has been primarily limited to a handful of small-chain lipid chemistries. We demonstrate and characterize lipid bilayer formation using pure mycolic acid, a long-chain saccharolipid, in circular apertures less than 50 microns in size. The resultant bilayers exhibit high mechanical stability over 12-hour timescales, breakdown voltages exceeding 1 V, as well as electric seals exceeding 400 GOhm, making them particularly useful for nanopore sequencing. We find these bilayers permeable to transmembrane porins and have analysed the insertion charachteristics of the porins MspA, α-Hemolysin and gramicidin, as well as demonstrating ssDNA translocation. Moreover, this result yields further understanding of the outer membrane structure of mycobacteria.
Modeling market shares of the leading personal automobile insurance companies

Abstract Private passenger automobile insurance companies employ a range of strategies and tactics to achieve their growth and profitability objectives. Gains and losses in market share among insurers suggest a fair degree of rivalrous behavior; however, previous econometric analyses have not adequately addressed the sources of firm-level advantages. Although prior studies have tested hypotheses about differential efficiency and/or service, the unit of observation has usually been a cross-section of firms or states. Recent work in the insurance competitive strategy literature tends to support the differential efficiency hypothesis, where market share is inversely related to pricing and commission ratios, but positively related to firm-level technological change and advertising expenses. This investigation employs ordinary least squares (OLS), weighted least squares (WLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models to analyze the market share of the leading personal auto liability insurers from 1980 to 1994. The results indicate that while automation and advertising are significant sources of competitive advantage, price-cutting, reductions in commission rates and concentration in the private passenger line of insurance are not always associated with increases in market share.
The magnetic vapor shield (MVS) mechanism for protection of high-heat flux components in high-field tokamaks

Abstract Components subjected to high-heat fluxes in tokamaks include limiters, RF antennas, and portions of the first wall. The simple vapor shield resulting from ablated surface material under high-heat load may be enhanced by the large magnetic fields present in compact, high-field tokamak designs. The resulting Magnetic Vapor Shield (MVS) may reduce total melting and ablation of these components, but the effectiveness of MVS depends on several key criteria. We formulate these criteria and provide, preliminary evidence for a reduction in component melting, etc., under high-field tokamak conditions.
Study of liquid-mediated adhesion between 3D rough surfaces: A spectral approach

Abstract In this work, a three-dimensional model for liquid-mediated adhesion between two rough surfaces is presented. The approach is based on a spectral (multi-scale) representation of compressive rough surface deformation along with the capillary equations governing the tensile deformation. An iterative numerical algorithm is designed to solve the equations of elasticity and capillarity simultaneously. It is shown that, under certain conditions, a contact instability occurs leading to unbounded rates of change of tensile force, average gap and wetted radius. The effects of liquid volume, liquid surface tension, surface topography, nominal contact area, and external load on the stability of contact interface are studied. Key dimensionless ratios are identified that govern the equilibrium state and onset of instability.
Multi-agent based peer-to-peer information retrieval systems with concurrent search sessions

In cooperative peer-to-peer information retrieval systems, each node can be considered an intelligent agent and these agents work collectively to provide an information retrieval service. In order to effectively support multiple and concurrent search sessions in the network, we propose two traffic engineering techniques that minimize processing and communication bottlenecks. One is a novel agent control mechanism whose elements include resource selection, local search scheduling, and feedback-based load control. The other is a new two-phase query routing algorithm based on organizational knowledge. Experimental results show that this framework can reduce congestion situations, increase system throughput, and improve considerably the overall system utility.
Continuous nerve blocks for outpatient knee surgery

In outpatient knee surgery, perineural catheter techniques are an important advance to further ensure a comfortable same-day discharge after procedures typically associated with significant pain. For outpatients, attention should be directed both to the multimodal treatment of pain as well as to the multimodal prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting. The ability to titrate local anesthetic doses to provide sensory-specific analgesia with minimal motor block is a significant benefit of the perineural catheter technique. For a successful program, key aspects of the facility’s infrastructure need to be addressed, including staffing and teamwork issues. The relevant anatomy is of extreme importance, but equally important is a clear outline of surgical indications such that patients are neither overtreated nor undertreated for surgical pain. Descriptions of technical aspects are included for the following continuous nerve blocks: (i) femoral, (ii) psoas compartment lumbar plexus, (iii) posterior gluteal sciatic, and (IV) posterior subgluteal sciatic.
Conceptual change in the classroom: Teaching young children to understand biological inheritance

This is a study of the feasibility of teaching a causal theoretical understanding of biological inheritance to young children. The phenomenon of biological inheritance is a promising one in which to study children's learning of a system of knowledge, for it engages concerns over how understanding individual facts is related to having more broadly coherent frameworks of understanding. For those preschoolers who do not already understand biological inheritance, the construction of such an understanding could well entail a reorganization of which facts are at the causal core of their explanations of how and why offspring tend to resemble their parents. The present study was of a pre-test-intervention-post-test design involving tasks based on Johnson and Solomon (1997) and on Springer and Keil (1989) and building on Springer (1995). The intervention focused on three factors: first, children were motivated to seek change in their understanding (i.e. they were made aware that they lacked an explanation of why offspring resemble their parents); secondly, they were supplied with relevant facts (e.g. that babies come from their mothers' bellies); and thirdly, they were presented with a conceptual peg (i.e. a rudimentary notion of genes) about which they could organize and better recruit those facts. Children who had taken part in the training were subsequently more likely to make adult-like judgments than those who had not.
Discourse connectedness in manic and schizophrenic patients: Associations with derailment and other clinical thought disorders

The language performance of hospitalised manic (n = 12) and schizophrenic (n=15) patients was compared in order to test hypotheses based on previous models of communication disorder in these patient groups. It was hypothesised that the derailments of manic and schizophrenic patients were discriminable by virtue of differences in the level of connectedness of the speech during this type of language disorder. Previous hypotheses have suggested that manics derail because they discuss multiple concurrent topics and schizophrenics derail as a pattern of general vagueness and poorly interconnected speech. These hypotheses were supported by the finding that manic patients manifested a higher level of overall discourse connectedness during derailments, even when the overall increased amount of speech was accounted for. M anics were not simply more competent overall, because they failed to differ from schizophrenics in their discourse connectedness during nondisordered segments. These results are discussed in term...
Initial Development of a Small Subclass of Rat Olfactory Receptor Neurons Characterized by Antigenicity to HSP 70a

: We have described a subclass of rat olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that constitutively shows immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody (2A4) directed to the 70-kDa heat shock protein.1 These ORNs are scattered nonuniformly in olfactory epithelium (OE) Zones II-IV2 and project to just 2-3 glomeruli at consistent locations in the ventrolateral and ventromedial olfactory bulb (OB) via consistent pathways. To examine early neurogenesis of this subpopulation, paraffin sections from embryonic day 14 (E14) to postnatal day 63 (P63) rats were examined using immunoperoxidase techniques. Results show: (i) a few faintly reactive 2A4(+) ORNs first appear between P7 and P10. Their numbers (and immunoreactivity (IR) intensity) increase to adult levels by P21, reach a peak density approximately twice that of adults by P49, and then decline to adult values by P56. (ii) tritiated thymidine [3H]TdR autoradiographic birthdating studies show that the vast majority of 2A4(+) ORNs present at P21, when adult 2A4(+) ORN densities are first observed, were 'born' postnatally, between P3 and P10. (iii) The initial 2A4(+) ORN OE zonal distribution is the same as in adults. (iv) Through P21 2A4(+) ORN cell bodies are situated quite apically within the OE, but then assume more basal locations as well. (v) In the OB, glomeruli showing 2A4(+) axons appear in some animals as early as P14 and in all animals by P21. Initial location of the (+) glomeruli is similar to that of adults, despite extensive growth and development postnatally. The postnatal neurogenesis of the 2A4(+) ORNs, in contrast to the very early (E13)4,5 initial appearance of ORN subclasses characterized on the basis of their putative olfactory receptor mRNAs, indicates that different ORN subclasses may vary in the time of their initial neurogenesis.
Global ITO and BPO: Issues and Opportunities for Displaced Professionals

(2006). Global ITO and BPO: Issues and Opportunities for Displaced Professionals. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research: Vol. 8, Global Smart-Sourcing, pp. 1-10.
Fixed distance photoinduced electron transfer between Fe and Zn porphyrins encapsulated within the Zn HKUST-1 metal organic framework.

An attractive strategy for the development of photocatalytic metal organic framework (MOF) materials is to co-encapsulate a photoactive electron donor with a catalytic electron acceptor within the MOF. Here we report the co-encapsulation of both Zn(II) tetrakis(tetra 4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (Zn4SP) and Fe(III) tetrakis(tetra 4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (Fe4SP) into an HKUST-1 (Zn) MOF and demonstrate photoinduced electron transfer (ET) between the co-encapsulated guest. Photo-excitation of the Zn4SP results in fixed-distance inter-molecular ET between the encapsulated 3Zn4SP and the Fe(III)4SP as evident by the reduction in the encapsulated 3Zn4SP lifetime from 890 μs (kobs = 1.1 × 103 s−1) to 83 μs (kobs = 1.2 × 104 s−1) in the presence of Fe4SP giving a kET ∼ 1.1 × 104 s−1. The data are consistent with ET taking place between encapsulated porphyrins that are two cages apart in distance with a reorganizational energy of ∼1.65 eV, β = 1.25 and ΔG° = −0.97 eV (within a semi-classical Marcus theory framework).
Real-time measurements of trace gases using a compact difference-frequency-based sensor operating at 3.5 μm

for on-line absorption measurements of H2CO, CH4, and H2O near 3.5 μm is reported. Formaldehyde levels of 30 ppb, corresponding to absorptions of 2×10-4 have been measured using absorption spectroscopy. In this paper we report specifically the performance of this sensor as part of the 1997 Lunar–Mars Life Support Test program at the NASA Johnson Space Center.
A 22 kDa ras-related G-protein is the substrate for an ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium botulinum

Abstract A ribosyltransferase from C. botulinum type D ADP-ribosylated a protein of 22 kDa (p22) in human astrocytoma (1321N1) cells. ADP-ribosylation of membrane-bound p22 was potentiated by 2 mM MgCl2 or guanine nucleotides but was much reduced in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ plus GTPγS. p22 was immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody 142-24E05 raised against a peptide sequence common to the ras gene family but not by other ras or G-protein antibodies. p22 was also ADP-ribosylated in Drosophila but was not detected in Diclyostelium. These data suggest that the 22 kDa botulinum toxin substrate is a GTP-binding protein and a member of the ras protein family.
Ritual or Playful? On the Foundations of European Drama

The Origins of Theater in Ancient Greece and Beyond: From Ritual to Drama. Edited by Eric Csapo and Margaret C. Miller (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), xxi + 440 pp. $96.00/£50.00 clo...
STAT3 Regulates ABCA3 Expression and Influences Lamellar Body Formation in Alveolar Type II Cells

ATP-Binding Cassette A3 (ABCA3) is a lamellar body associated lipid transport protein required for normal synthesis and storage of pulmonary surfactant in type II cells in the alveoli. In this study, we demonstrate that STAT3, activated by IL-6, regulates ABCA3 expression in vivo and in vitro. ABCA3 mRNA and immunostaining were decreased in adult mouse lungs in which STAT3 was deleted from the respiratory epithelium (Stat3(Delta/Delta) mice). Consistent with the role of STAT3, intratracheal IL-6 induced ABCA3 expression in vivo. Decreased ABCA3 and abnormalities in the formation of lamellar bodies, the intracellular site of surfactant lipid storage, were observed in Stat3(Delta/Delta) mice. Expression of SREBP1a and 1c, SCAP, ABCA3, and AKT mRNAs was inhibited by deletion of Stat3 in type II cells isolated from Stat3(Delta/Delta) mice. The activities of PI3K and AKT were required for normal Abca3 gene expression in vitro. AKT activation induced SREBP expression and increased the activity of the Abca3 promoter in vitro, consistent with the role of STAT3 signaling, at least in part via SREBP, in the regulation of ABCA3. ABCA3 expression is regulated by IL-6 in a pathway that includes STAT3, PI3K, AKT, SCAP, and SREBP. Activation of STAT3 after exposure to IL-6 enhances ABCA3 expression, which, in turn, influences pulmonary surfactant homeostasis.
In Vivo Characterization of Transport Anisotropy in Rat Spinal Cord Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Biotransport in nervous tissues is complicated by the existence of neural fibers. These axonal fibers result in inhomogeneous and anisotropic extracellular transport, which complicates the prediction of local drug delivery such as convection-enhanced delivery [1]. Previous studies by our group [4] have shown that by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) [2, 3], anisotropic transport in rat spinal cord can be modeled using computational models, and consequently extracellular flows which influence drug transport can be well predicted. In previous studies, DTI-based models used data from an excised and fixed rat spinal cord. In the current study, we extend our DTI study to in vivo measures, and report the in vivo characterization of transport anisotropy in rat spinal cord. The MR imaging method is presented and the DTI data is discussed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Recepción literaria y cultura bélica: la generación del 98, Ricardo Burguete y el nacionalismo militar en España

Durante las decadas inmediatamente posteriores al llamado ‘desastre del 98’, algunos miembros de las elites militares mantuvieron un intercambio de ideas y criticas con los mas destacados escritore...
An OAuth service for issuing certificates to science gateways for TeraGrid users

In this paper, we present a TeraGrid OAuth service, integrated with the TeraGrid User Portal and TeraGrid MyProxy service, that provides certificates to science gateways. The OAuth service eliminates the need for TeraGrid users to disclose their TeraGrid passwords to science gateways when accessing their individual TeraGrid accounts via gateway interfaces. Instead, TeraGrid users authenticate at the TeraGrid User Portal to approve issuance of a certificate by MyProxy to the science gateway they are using. We present the design and implementation of the TeraGrid OAuth service, describe the underlying network protocol, and discuss design decisions and security considerations we made while developing the service in consultation with TeraGrid working groups and staff.
Solubility behavior of some N-salicylideneamino acid complexes

Abstract The qualitative solubilities of three series of bis[2-(salicylideneamino)alkanoato(2-)] metallate (III) coordination compounds, [M(Sal:A)2]−, have been examined in each of twenty solvents which represent a wide range of polarity. The series are the sodium salts of the cobalt complexes, the potassium salts of the iron complexes and the quaternary ammonium salts of the iron complexes. By suitably increasing the oleophilicity of these complex ions either by lengthening the alkyl chain at the 2-position of the ligand or by using various tetralkylammonium cations, it has been possible to obtain coordination compounds which are soluble both in water and in nonpolar hydrocarbons.
The fate of organic pollutants in frozen waters: sunlight photodecomposition of uracil herbicides in frozen aqueous solutions

Abstract A study of the sunlight irradiation effects, during the winter, on two herbicides present in sensitized, frozen, aqueous solutions is reported. These solutions of bromacil (3-sec-butyl-5-bromo-6-methyluracil) and of terbacil (3- t -butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) were exposed directly to sunlight or covered by different layers of ice. Both herbicides were rapidly decomposed by sunlight in the presence of sensitizers like methylene blue (1.0 ppm), rose bengal (2.0 ppm), and riboflavin (4.0 ppm), at different pH (6.8, 8.2 and 9.1) of the solutions. The best results were obtained in the alkaline range of pH. At least 70 or 75% (at pH 9.1) and 25 or 60% (at pH 8.2) of the initial amounts of bromacil or terbacil, respectively, were decomposed in the first 2 h of irradiation, using the above sensitizers. At pH 6.8, a practical rate of photodecomposition reaction was observed only in the terbacil experiments. When the frozen samples were covered by ice blocks, up to 11 cm thick, the amount of incident light reaching them was usually attenuated, but the photodecomposition reaction rates remained high enough to be of practical value. The extract residues of the irradiated solutions (6 h, pH 8.2) of bromacil (1.0 ppm MB) and terbacil (2.0 ppm RF), analyzed by TLC and by GC-MS, were found herbicide free. Only minute amounts of one and four decomposition products were present in the concentrated solutions of these residues of bromacil and terbacil, respectively.
Liquid chromatographic assay for serum clonazepam

An improved reversed-phase liquid chromatographic assay for the anticonvulsant clonazepam in human serum is presented. The drug and two internal standards are extracted from serum with n-butyl chloride at pH 9.2, back-extracted into 2 N HCl, and then extracted at pH 11 into a solvent mixture of chloroform/isopropanol (9:1 by volume). The final extract is evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and injected into a cyanopropylsilane liquid chromatography column with a mobile phase of 0.5 N acetic acid, acetonitrile, and n-butylamine (59:41:0.005 by volume, respectively). Linearity to 400 micrograms/L was demonstrated, and the detection limit was found to be approximately 5 micrograms/L. Relative recovery from serum as compared to water was approximately 100% for clonazepam and the two internal standards, flunitrazepam and desmethyldiazepam. Within-run precision at 40 micrograms/L was demonstrated by a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.60% (flunitrazepam internal standard) and 2.53% (desmethyldiazepam internal standard). Between-day multiple analyst precision was demonstrated by a CV of 8.98% (mean 10.09 micrograms/L, n = 77) and 6.51% (mean 28.14 micrograms/L, n = 81) using either internal standard. Capacity factor diagrams reveal at least a dual mechanism separation. Chromatograms of the analysis of clonazepam and other benzodiazepines are presented. The extraction has been optimized for selectivity, thereby minimizing interference from drugs and other extraneous compounds. The chromatographic system has been optimized for speed, efficiency, resolution, and stability and avoids the problem of carbamazepine interference that is commonly encountered with other reversed-phase procedures using octylsilane or octadecylsilane columns.
The oscillation of derivatives: The Bernstein problem for Fourier integrals

In 1914 S. Bernstein discovered that if a real valued function f(x) and all its derivatives are of a constant sign in a closed interval Z, then f is the restriction to Z of an analytic function. The problem of determining the analytic character of a function f(x) from the oscillatory properties of its derivatives has thus become known as the Bernstein problem. For functions periodic on the real axis the important results are due to Polya and Wiener and &ego.
Template-constrained macrocyclic peptides prepared from native, unprotected precursors

Peptide–protein interactions are important mediators of cellular-signaling events. Consensus binding motifs (also known as short linear motifs) within these contacts underpin molecular recognition, yet have poor pharmacological properties as discrete species. Here, we present methods to transform intact peptides into stable, templated macrocycles. Two simple steps install the template. The key reaction is a palladium-catalyzed macrocyclization. The catalysis has broad scope and efficiently forms large rings by engaging native peptide functionality including phenols, imidazoles, amines, and carboxylic acids without the necessity of protecting groups. The tunable reactivity of the template gives the process special utility. Defined changes in reaction conditions markedly alter chemoselectivity. In all cases examined, cyclization occurs rapidly and in high yield at room temperature, regardless of peptide composition or chain length. We show that conformational restraints imparted by the template stabilize secondary structure and enhance proteolytic stability in vitro. Palladium-catalyzed internal cinnamylation is a strong complement to existing methods for peptide modification.
Run lengths and probabilities in binary prediction

Abstract The Gambino-Myers model of binary prediction was tested against data collected under several conditions of sequence structure. Although data fits became progressively worse, and parameter estimates became more deviant as the frequency of event alternations increased, the model does account for several findings not easily encompassed by alternative choice models.
Mingling with Our Friends: The Kinesiology Student and Pedagogy Knowledge

In this paper I discuss why pedagogy knowledge and skills may be appropriate for kinesiology students who are not in teacher education programs. After briefly reviewing the changes that have occurred in undergraduate kinesiology and physical education programs, a case is made that students with a degree in kinesiology should have some knowledge of physical education in order to participate in discussions of children's physical activity. In addition, I argue that for some kinesiology students pedagogy knowledge and skill would be good additions to undergraduate programs since many students assume positions requiring pedagogy-related skills. While discussing various types of pedagogy-related knowledge and skills I suggest a number of ways to integrate them into the kinesiology undergraduate curriculum.
The Influence of Aerodynamic Interference on High Angle of Attack Wind Tunnel Testing.

Abstract : Results from an experimental investigation of strut support interference on high angle of attack aerodynamic measurements are presented. The influence of the strut support on the leeward wake structure was investigated by means of a two-dimensional experiment of a cylinder-splitter plate combination. Pressure distributions, pressure drag coefficient and wake flow visualization data for various cylinder-splitter plate combinations are presented for high subcritical Reynolds numbers. The influence of plate position and size on the pressure drag coefficient were also examined. The results show the splitter plate can alter the vortex wake formation significantly and, as a consequence, reduce the pressure drag coefficient by as much as 30% or more. Plate sizes of 0.5, 1.1 and 1.5 diameter were tested with the 1.1 diameter plate yielding the largest drag reduction. (Author)
Concealment of Sexual Orientation

Sex-atypical behaviors may be used to identify a person as homosexual. To shield themselves from prejudice, homosexual people may attempt to conceal these behaviors. It is not clear how effectively they can do so. In Study 1, we asked homosexual participants to conceal their sex-atypical behaviors while talking about the weather. Raters watched videos of the participants and judged the likelihood that each participant was homosexual. Homosexual participants were able to partially conceal signs of their orientation, but they remained distinguishable from heterosexual participants. In Study 2, we tested the ability to conceal signs of one’s sexual orientation in a more demanding situation: a mock job interview. In this scenario, homosexual men were even less effective at concealing their orientation. Higher cognitive demands in this new situation may have interfered with their ability to conceal.
Gastric cancer and the microbiome

Abstract The human body harbours more than 10 19 microbial species, a majority of which reside in the alimentary tract. Alterations in the organ specific microbiome have been associated with carcinogenesis, especially in colorectal cancer. Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) has been known to be involved in gastric tumorigenesis for almost 2 decades. The ability of H. pylori to evade host immune responses and induce genomic aberrations via a gamut of virulence factors such as VacA and CagA probably contributes to its significant role in gastric carcinogenesis. However, recent studies have determined that H. pylori is not the sole microbe found in the gastric milieu. Moreover, observed differences in the microbial composition of the gastric milieu between healthy, gastritis afflicted and cancer patients point towards a probable role of these microbes in pathogenesis of gastric diseases. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the gastric microbiome and its role in influencing gastric carcinogenesis.
Patterns in Patient Safety with Computerized Consult Management and Clinical Documentation

Patient safety issues continue to be prevalent in delivering care with the electronic health record (EHR) and other health information technology (HIT) tools. Defining the unit of analysis for the study of clinical information systems is important based on the focus of the research. This study applies a conceptual framework with three levels of units of analysis for human-computer interaction (HCI) to identify and guide investigations at each level. Ethnographic observations and semi-structured, key-informant interviews were conducted with 40 healthcare workers across five primary care clinics, nine specialty clinics, and one inpatient ward at a tertiary-care Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Two researchers recorded the interactions and interview responses of 40 healthcare workers related to their work with computerized consultations, clinical documentation, and the EHR in general. Patient safety issues from these data were categorized using three different units of analysis: EHR interface-, team coordination / workflow-, and organizational-levels. A total of 30 patient safety issues were identified; 17 emerged from the observation and interview data on computerized consults, 10 from the data on clinical documentation, and 3 were related to the EHR in general. Patient safety issues were organized by level of unit of analysis and mapped to specific methods that could be used for further investigation. Relevant concepts are discussed to help guide investigations at each level.
Platinum-Based Therapy in Adenosquamous Pancreatic Cancer: Experience at Two Institutions

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare type of pancreatic cancer. Although its molecular biology profile has been shown to be similar to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors, it has different prognostic features. There is no consensus or guidelines to treat this tumor differently from pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but therapies based on gemcitabine and platinum chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin have been used based on results of a few case reports. We discuss the Abstract #269 from the 2014 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium showing better outcomes from platinum-based therapy in this type of tumors. Triggered by this study, we also present our experience. Prospective studies to investigate the clinical outcomes from platinum-based therapy and the role of target therapies such as erlotinib are warranted. Image: Pancreatic carcinoma stained for Dpc4 suppressor gene