cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized Self-Disclosure Explains Variance in Outness Beyond Internalized Sexual Prejudice Among Young Adults

Outness, or self-disclosure of sexual orientation, plays a key role in the sexual identity development of LGB individuals and is linked with mental health. Lower outness has been consistently linked with higher internalized sexual prejudice; however, no extant research has explored the relationship between generalized self-disclosure and outness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incremental validity of general self-disclosure to explain variance in outness beyond what is accounted for by internalized sexual prejudice among young adults (N = 387; 46 lesbians; 78 gay men; 49 bisexual men; 214 bisexual women). Self-disclosure explained additional variance in outness beyond internalized sexual prejudice. While outness is related to internalized sexual prejudice, general personality characteristics such as self-disclosure may also play a role in LGB individuals’ disclosure of their sexual orientation. These findings suggest that while internalized sexual prejudice is still the primary driver of lower outness, lower general self-disclosure may also play an important role. Closeted individuals may be weighing the risks and benefits of disclosing their sexual orientation, as they would with any other personal information. For those struggling with self-disclosure of sexual orientation, clinicians should attend to internalized sexual prejudice while also noting an individual’s comfort with general self-disclosure.
Intra-individual reproducibility as essential determinant of clinical utility of smartphone-based neurological disability tests

Technological advances, lack of medical professionals, high cost of face-to face encounters and disasters such as COVID19 pandemic, fuel the telemedicine revolution. Numerous smartphone apps have been developed to measure neurological functions. However, their psychometric properties are seldom determined. Lacking such data, it is unclear which designs underlie eventual clinical utility of the smartphone tests. We have developed the smartphone Neurological Function Tests Suite (NeuFun-TS) and are systematically evaluating their psychometric properties against the gold-standard of complete neurological examination digitalized into NeurExTM App. This paper examines the fifth, and thus far the most complex NeuFun-TS test, the "Spiral tracing". We generated 40 features in the training cohort (22 healthy donors [HD] and 105 multiple sclerosis [MS] patients) and compared their intraclass correlation coefficient, fold-change between HD and MS and correlations with relevant clinical and imaging outcomes. We assembled the best features into machine-learning models and examined their performance in the independent validation cohort (56 MS patients). We show that by aggregating multiple neurological functions, complex tests such as spiral tracing are susceptible to intra-individual variations, decreasing their reproducibility and thus, clinical utility. Simple tests, reproducibly measuring single function(s) that can be aggregated to increase sensitivity are preferable in app design.
Language-Driven Image Style Transfer

Despite having promising results, style transfer, which requires preparing style images in advance, may result in lack of creativity and accessibility. Following human instruction, on the other hand, is the most natural way to perform artistic style transfer that can significantly improve controllability for visual effect applications. We introduce a new task -- language-driven image style transfer (\texttt{LDIST}) -- to manipulate the style of a content image, guided by a text. We propose contrastive language visual artist (CLVA) that learns to extract visual semantics from style instructions and accomplish \texttt{LDIST} by the patch-wise style discriminator. The discriminator considers the correlation between language and patches of style images or transferred results to jointly embed style instructions. CLVA further compares contrastive pairs of content image and style instruction to improve the mutual relativeness between transfer results. The transferred results from the same content image can preserve consistent content structures. Besides, they should present analogous style patterns from style instructions that contain similar visual semantics. The experiments show that our CLVA is effective and achieves superb transferred results on \texttt{LDIST}.
Single Molecule Detection of Fluorophores "Turned-on" by Corrosion Reactions

Real-time, single-molecule "turn on" of resazurin by the corrosion of iron was detected by a modern fluorescence microscope to overcome the previous limitations of corrosion detection, opening up a new spatiotemporal regime for studying corrosion.
Mechanical Comparison of High-Strength Tape Suture Versus High-Strength Round Suture.

Purpose To compare knot and loop characteristics of commonly used high-strength tapes and high-strength round sutures. Methods Twenty tied 30-mm loops were prepared for using suture-knot combinations of 4 common arthroscopic knots or a hand-tied surgeon's knot and 7 sutures. Two tapes (BroadBand, SutureTape) and three no. 2 sutures (MaxBraid, FiberWire, DynaCord) were compared. Two additional larger tape sutures (FiberTape, PermaTape) not commonly tied arthroscopically were included in the hand-tied group. Each suture-knot combination was evaluated for loop integrity (single load to a specified elongation), knot security (plastic loop deformation with cyclic testing), loop security, and knot volume. Data were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests. Results BroadBand and SutureTape demonstrated superior loop integrity compared to most no. 2 suture-knot combinations. FiberTape (430.48 ± 89.00 N) and PermaTape (545.16 ± 95.09 N) required significantly greater force to undergo 3 mm of displacement than all other hand-tied sutures (P < .001). All suture-knot configurations demonstrated significant plastic deformation (cyclic elongation) over 1000 cycles (P < 0.001). DynaCord displayed the best loop security except when paired with the Duncan loop. Overall, BroadBand and SutureTape had lower knot volumes compared to all other sutures. Conclusion This study exhibits the ability of narrow tape sutures to provide reliable tissue apposition and fixation in multiple suture-knot configurations, while decreasing the potential adverse effects accompanying knot prominence. Generally, BroadBand and SutureTape demonstrated an ideal balance of mechanical characteristics to achieve the optimal suture-knot construct among those tested. Dynacord displayed superior loop security and performed best among round sutures. PermaTape and FiberTape showed greater loop integrity, albeit to the detriment of loop security and knot volume. Clinical Relevance When securing a rotator cuff repair construct with a knot, one should have a basic understanding of the mechanical properties of the suture and knot being used to provide the best possible repair. This study will provide information about the mechanical characteristics of commonly used high-strength tape suture knots and loops to help determine what knot type may provide the best overall construct.
Putting out fires: The varying temporalities of disasters

Abstract How does a community with a history punctuated by responding to disasters understand the slow risk posed by industrial toxic exposure? Drawing on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork in a contaminated informal settlement in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, I explore the neighbors’ understanding of toxicity as mediated by previous experience with disaster and displacement. Esmeraldas is home to the largest refinery in Ecuador. Located only meters away from smoke stacks and other industrial structures, 50 Casas is one of the neighborhoods in closest proximity to the petrochemical complex. Since their arrival in the area, residents of the neighborhood have faced a variety of disasters ranging from earthquakes and intermittent floods to industrial accidents. I present a case in which the conjunction of temporally distinct risks has shaped the community's protective strategies to focus on the urgency of impending disasters, while deprioritizing the mitigation of slower contaminants. Drawing on the concept of slow violence, I show, first, that a conjunction of threats with varying temporalities may have the unintended consequence of minimizing the danger of slower threats, second, that risk perceptions are intimately tied to personal experience and history, and third, that residents mobilize their identity as “contaminated citizens” to demand infrastructural works aimed at minimizing the danger of sudden disasters.
Reflections upon Teaching a Poorly-Conceived Lesson

Using a “failed” mathematics lesson as a mini-case study, I explore some of the challenges inherent in teaching an inquiry-style mathematics lesson. The ensuing discussion centers around two issues: the preparation and subsequent scaffolding involved in guiding students to desired understandings, along with the tension inherent in “telling” and “not telling” in an inquiry-style pedagogy. I resort to personal reflection, as well as to Wenger’s (1998) theoretical construct of participation and reification in revealing the underlying link between the manner of lesson preparation and consequent engagement of students during the enactment of the lesson. Reflections upon Teaching a Poorly-Conceived Lesson One of the difficulties in attempting to transform one’s teaching practices from a traditional lecture format to a more student-centered mode of instruction is that one oftentimes relinquishes a certain degree of control and predictability in the classroom. As opposed to simply planning out a lecture with the expectation that students will ask questions when they do not follow the course of reasoning as set out by the instructor, the new practice requires one to more carefully map out—that is, to anticipate and be prepared for— various contingencies: in particular, such issues as, in what manner might the ideas be best embedded within activities (as opposed to directly telling them), what degree of scaffolding might be necessary and optimal for the different levels of students in the class, in what manner might one want to go down divergent learning paths depending upon student input, and so on. As such, in opening up the classroom discourse, by its very nature, student-centered teaching practices introduce new and necessary skills for the teacher to acquire both in preparation and in interaction with the students (see Lampert, 2001). When the lesson plan has been carefully thought out in these terms and more, the teaching itself can be a real thrill. It affords a richness of dialogue, and even learning opportunities for the teacher that lecture-based teaching does not often enable. On the other hand, when done poorly, this other way of teaching can leave both teacher and students alike in pedagogical predicaments that the traditional approach safely steers clear of for the most part. I am particularly interested in this latter case, of when things are not aright, of when such attempts can go messily wrong. I am interested in this, for I believe that it is in exploring when and how a particular pedagogical approach fails that one sometimes comes to a deeper understanding of how it might come to succeed. † yhanda@csuchico.edu
Empowering Women Through Financial Awareness and Education

The potential implications of gender differences in financial literacy are far-reaching. This paper describes the findings of a review of the literature on gender differences in financial literacy with the aim to better understand their causes and consequences, as well as possible policy responses. It provides a starting point to collect further evidence, develop analytical work and case studies, and to identify areas that deserve further research, thus paving the way for future work to be developed by the OECD and the INFE.A relatively broad range of empirical literature documents the existence of gender differences in financial literacy in various countries and along several dimensions. On average, women perform worse than men on tests of financial knowledge and have less confidence in their financial skills. However, so far policy awareness of the existence and relevance of these differences is quite low.The literature (albeit so far limited) on what drives such gender differences points to several potentially complementary explanations including differences in skills, attitudes, and opportunities. In this context, the contribution of improved and targeted financial education programmes aimed at better addressing women’s needs is promising and worth exploring further.
To Regulate, Litigate, or Both

In the United States insurance is regulated both by state insurance commissions and class action litigation. The interaction of these two systems has not been extensively studied. We examine four different facets of the regulation litigation tradeoff. The first is to examine whether a regulator’s interest in a particular cause of action reduces the likelihood that class actions covering this cause of action will be filed in the regulator’s home state. We also examine several measures of regulatory stringency in the state to determine whether there is a substitution effect between regulatory action and litigation. We also examine whether class actions are less frequent when regulators issued an administrative decision on a particular issue previously or if there are no existing state laws on the particular issue. We examine the impact of electing judges on patterns of filing. Lastly, we examine the impact of previous litigation both in the state and the specific line of litigation.
An eRulemaking Corpus: Identifying Substantive Issues in Public Comments

We describe the creation of a corpus that supports a real-world hierarchical text categorization task in the domain of electronic rulemaking (eRulemaking). Features of the task and of the eRulemaking domain engender both a non-traditional text categorization corpus and a correspondingly difficult machine learning task. Interannotator agreement results are presented for a group of six annotators. We also briefly describe the results of experiments that apply standard and hierarchical text categorization techniques to the eRulemaking data sets. The corpus is the first in a series of related sentence-level text categorization corpora to be developed in the eRulemaking domain.
Using claw marks to study lion predation on giraffes of the Serengeti

Although lions Panthera leo are the main predators of the giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis, interactions between these species are rarely observed directly. As a consequence, little is known about the effects of lions on giraffe mortality and behavior. We test patterns of lion predation on Masai giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi using a new methodology: lion claw marks observable on the skin of live giraffes. We studied 702 individually known giraffes in 3 non-neighboring areas of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania between August 2008 and November 2010. Lion claw marks were observed on 13% of giraffes older than 1 year. Claw marks were most frequently detected on giraffe hindquarters and flanks, revealing that non-lethal lion attacks occur most often from the rear. No claw marks were observed on calves (0–1 year), suggesting that calves rarely survive lion attacks. In the adult age class (>5 years), claw-mark prevalence was significantly higher among females than males. We observed substantial variation in claw-mark prevalence across study areas, indicating that lion predation risk may be heterogeneous within Serengeti. We find that claw marks are an important source of data on interactions between lions and giraffes.
Synchronized counting method

A direct extension to the counting method is presented which can deal efficiently with both acyclic and cyclic relations. The extension to cycle cases, called the synchronized counting method, is simulated and studied using a Petri net model. Worst-case analysis shows that n/sup 2/ semijoin operations are required, where n is the number of nodes in the graph representing the relevant part of the input relations. The algorithm is shown to be sound and complete, and a comparison with other methods in the literature is included. >
Identification and characterization of osteoclast progenitors by clonal analysis of hematopoietic cells.

We have identified a distinct population of colony-forming cells that give rise to mononuclear cells expressing an enzyme marker and other features of the osteoclast in bone marrow cultures stimulated by conditioned medium of a murine tumor cell line. These colony-forming cells were defined as osteoclast colony-forming units (CFU-O). The tumor cell-derived activity was recently isolated and was named osteoclast colony-stimulating factor (O-CSF). To understand the development of osteoclast progenitors and to clarify the relationship of osteoclast progenitors to other hematopoietic progenitors, we examined CFU-O in hematopoietic tissues obtained from normal adult mice, mouse fetuses, and mice with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) treatment. CFU- O were present in the adult mouse bone marrow, adherent cell-depleted marrow, in the spleen, and in the day 14 fetal liver, with an incidence similar to other hematopoietic progenitors. The culture period required for the development of CFU-O-derived colonies in vitro and the manner in which CFU-O responded to 5FU suggested that CFU-O belonged to a relatively primitive progenitor population; they are clearly more immature than macrophage progenitors that respond to macrophage-CSF, but more mature than multilineage progenitors that respond to stem cell factor. Our studies have defined and characterized an osteoclast progenitor and distinguished it from other hematopoietic progenitors for the first time.
Fatigue response of perforate titanium for application in laminar flow control

The room temperature tensile and fatigue response of non-perforated and perforated titanium for laminar flow control application was investigated both experimentally and analytically. Results showed that multiple perforations did not affect the tensile response, but did reduce the fatigue life. A two dimensional finite element stress analysis was used to determine that the stress fields from adjacent perforations did not influence one another. The stress fields around the holes did not overlap one another, allowing the materials to be modeled as a plate with a center hole. Fatigue life was predicted using an equivalent MW flow size approach to relate the experimental results to microstructural features of the titanium. Predictions using flaw sizes ranging from 1 to 15 microns correlated within a factor of 2 with the experimental results by using a flow stress of 260 MPa. By using two different flow stresses in the crack closure model and correcting for plasticity, the experimental results were bounded by the predictions for high applied stresses. Further analysis of the complex geometry of the perforations and the local material chemistry is needed to further understand the fatigue behavior of the perforated titanium.
19 – Thermodynamic Principles of Self-Assembly

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the thermodynamic principles of self-assembly. The chapter begins with an introduction of soft structures, and then explains the fundamental thermodynamic equations of self-assembly. Conditions required for formation of aggregates are then discussed. The chapter elaborates effect of dimensionality and geometry on self-assembly. It presents a comparison study between infinite aggregates (phase separation) versus finite sized aggregates (micellization). The chapter formulates the basic equations of self-assembly in general statistical thermodynamic terms and then goes on to investigate the relevant intermolecular interactions that determine into which structures different amphiphiles will assemble. The chapter proceeds with discussing the role of molecular geometry in determining the structures formed. The chapter investigates how the geometric shape constraints of surfactant and lipid molecules restrict their assembly into aggregates of different shapes. The chapter concludes that once the aggregates' shape is known, many of their physical properties can be determined with the help of thermodynamic equations. Example of a dilute dispersion of (one-component) cylindrical micelles is given in support of this statement.
Children's information needs of a patient engagement system in a hospital room: insights from usability testing in a simulation laboratory

Patient engagement systems are an emerging area in health information systems. These systems aim to involve patients in health care communication allowing them to access their electronic health records, order food, watch educational videos and play games. Little research has been performed on the information needs of children when using patient engagement systems. This poster presents the preliminary findings of a study which evaluated the usability of myStation, a patient engagement system in a simulated hospital room. In order to identify the information needs of children, we conducted think aloud interviews with 10 children ages 7-12. The findings of this study suggest that children expect more fun and entertainment-oriented features in patient engagement system design. They want to be provided with multiple options for customizing the interface and the ability to search for information rather than to browse. In addition, children want to have social media features when using a patient engagement system.
Digital command and control system soldier-machine interface for ground combat systems

Force XXI is the vision to synthesize the technology, doctrine, and organization of the U.S. Army so that it can fight and win the wars of the 21st century. Digitization-taking advantage of the microprocessor revolution-is a key enabler of the force XXI plan. In the Crewman's Associate Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD), crew stations for ground combat systems are being developed that allow the soldier to use digitization to maximize weapon system performance. The soldier-machine interface to a digital command and control system is an integral part of the crew station design.
A note to low-power linear feedback shift registers

Low power has emerged as a principal theme in today's electronics industry. The need for low power has caused a major paradigm shift in which power dissipation is as important as performance and area. A paper by Lowy (1996) is quite interesting in this regard. The author talks of a parallel architecture of linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) and sequence generators that have a lower power dissipation than that of conventional LFSRs. This paper comments on some design improvements and explores some techniques that would make the LFSRs capable of handling different low-power applications. The advantages of using nonprimitive polynomials with two taps in implementing low-power LFSRs are analyzed in this paper. It is found that if the taps are taken from the last and center of the flip-flops, the number of switch requirements reduces from the order of M+N to the order of N, where N is the length of the shift register and M is the number of taps. This sort of tapping also results in a simpler switch minimization algorithm. With our strategies, it is possible to generate much better sequences from Lowy's LFSRs structure. Moreover, power dissipation is constant in our case, independent of the number of stages in the LFSRs. Our simulations show that the percentage of power improvement to conventional serial LFSRs is from 51.65% (N=18) to 68.51% (N=28).
Flows in a Lower Half Heated Upper Half Cooled Cylindrical Model Reactor Loaded with Porous Media

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the natural convection flow in a cylindrical model hydrothermal reactor. The flow is visualized non-intrusively and simulated with a conjugate computational model. Results show that the flow structure consists of wall layers and core flows. In the lower half, the flows are steady due to the porous media. The three-dimensional unsteady upper core flow is driven by the streams originated from the wall layer collision. The thermal condition in the upper half core region is mainly determined by the total heat flow rate specified on the lower sidewall; while the variations of porous media parameters, in the normal range for hydrothermal crystal growth process, have minor effects.
Understanding gating transitions within K+ channels using Dynamic Importance Sampling

Voltage-dependent potassium channels conduct potassium ions across the cell membrane by cycling between open and closed states. The transition between these well-defined states is driven by changes in the voltage drop across the bilayer. A growing dataset of K+ channel structures provides an opportunity to understand the molecular details of voltage-dependent gating. Determining the molecular details of gating is challenging because the x-ray structures are of either an open or closed state and of different sequence types. Thus, to gain an understanding of the molecular details of gating we are using dynamic importance sampling (DIMS) to create simulations of the transitions. Our starting point comes from the creation of a set of homology models for the full range of K+ channel sequences and structures that have been determined to date. Thus, we present simulations to suggest the transitions between open and closed states of four different sequences of K+ channels. The results suggest experimental alterations that influence gating and help to rationalize existing results. Furthermore the set of transitions suggests common modes to gating used in all K-channels.
Enhanced Periosteal and Endocortical Responses to Axial Tibial Compression Loading in Conditional Connexin43 Deficient Mice

The gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43) is involved in mechanotransduction in bone. Recent studies using in vivo models of conditional Cx43 gene (Gja1) deletion in the osteogenic linage have generated inconsistent results, with Gja1 ablation resulting in either attenuated or enhanced response to mechanical load, depending upon the skeletal site examined or the type of load applied. To gain further insights on Cx43 and mechanotransduction, we examined bone formation response at both endocortical and periosteal surfaces in 2-month-old mice with conditional Gja1 ablation driven by the Dermo1 promoter (cKO). Relative to wild type (WT) littermates, it requires a larger amount of compressive force to generate the same periosteal strain in cKO mice. Importantly, cKO mice activate periosteal bone formation at a lower strain level than do WT mice, suggesting an increased sensitivity to mechanical load in Cx43 deficiency. Consistently, trabecular bone mass also increases in mutant mice upon load, while it decreases in WT. On the other hand, bone formation actually decreases on the endocortical surface in WT mice upon application of axial mechanical load, and this response is also accentuated in cKO mice. These changes are associated with increase of Cox-2 in both genotypes and further decrease of Sost mRNA in cKO relative to WT bones. Thus, the response of bone forming cells to mechanical load differs between trabecular and cortical components, and remarkably between endocortical and periosteal envelopes. Cx43 deficiency enhances both the periosteal and endocortical response to mechanical load applied as axial compression in growing mice.
College Students’ Perceptions of Peers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Little is known about peer attitudes toward college students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Affective, behavioral, and cognitive attitudes toward vignette characters displaying behaviors characteristic of ASD were examined among 224 four-year university students who were randomly assigned to one of three labeling conditions for the primary vignette characters: high functioning autism (HFA), typical college student, or no label. Students in the HFA label condition reported more positive behavioral and cognitive attitudes toward the vignette characters than students in the no label condition. Male students and students with lower scores on the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire reported more positive attitudes across study conditions. These experimental results suggest that knowledge of a diagnosis might improve attitudes toward college students with ASD.
Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. II. demonstration of brightness discrimination

Five monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained, before and after histologically confirmed complete removal of area 17, most of 18 and part of 19, to choose the brighter of 2 targets in 3 discriminations using a pulling-in technique with movable transilluminated stimuli. A fourth test was given only postoperatively. All problems contained a 66:1 brightness difference. In test Problem I, figures differed in total luminous flux (equal area). The targets in all of the remaining tests were matched for luminous flux. In addition, in Problem III they were equated for overall surface, and in Problem IV, for amount of contour. Preoperatively, all monkeys mastered the 3 problems and showed transfer effects across the tests as revealed by both the performance of the first 10 trials, and the reduction in total error scores on successive tests. Postoperatively, all animals reached criterion level of performance in the 4 problems with significant deficits in only the first one. Marked transfer effects were present across the last 3 tests. Findings indicate that destriated monkeys may master the discrimination of targets which differ in brightness but are equated for total luminous flux and for overall surface or amount of contour. The presence of transfer effects suggests that these animals exhibited some degree of brightness constancy under the present testing conditions.
A mathematical model of the “Rattleback”

Abstract A mathematical model is presented which gives a fairly comprehensive explanation of the strange behavior of a certain type of stone, called a Celt or Rattleback, which if placed on a flat horizontal surface and caused to spin in a particular direction about a vertical axis, will quickly stop spinning, oscillate about a horizontal axis, and then start to spin in the opposite direction. In many cases the stone will show spin-reversal for only one direction of initial spin, spinning stably for initial spin in the opposite direction.
The Bloody Blonde and the Marble Woman: Gender and Power in the Case of Ruth Snyder

In 1928, the state of New York sent Ruth Snyder to the electric chair for the brutal murder of her husband. The case generated enormous publicity, turning Snyder into an overnight celebrity, and became the focus of an ongoing national debate over gender and capital punishment. Two complex, contradictory, gendered characterizations of Snyder emerged from the public discourse surrounding her case: in one, Snyder was a woman (a "Bloody Blonde''), but one who must die in the electric chair regardless of her sex. In the other characterization, Snyder was no longer a true woman at all. She was a "Marble Woman,"lacking all proper feminine emotions, a sexual aggressor who overstepped gender boundaries. Through the resulting cultural narrative, newspaper reporters, editorialists, letter writers, and popular authors grappled with the very meaning of modernity and gender roles in the 1920s, many expressing concern that women were threatening the patriarchy of family and state. By examining the debate surrounding Snyder's execution, and situating her case in historical context, this paper seeks to uncover the political work of the "Execute Her"narrative as it serves to prop up traditional gender and power hierarchies.
RESPIRATION RESPONSES OF A polA1 AND A tif-1 MUTANT OF ESCHERICHIA COLI TO FAR-ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION*

— Cessation of respiration in Escherichia coli 60min after far-ultraviolet (254 nm) irradiation is dependent upon the recA and lexA gene products and is regulated by cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and its receptor protein. Respiration responses to UV irradiation were studied in two E. coli B/r mutants, polA1 and tif-1, both of which express other rec/lex functions (such as mutagenesis) after UV irradiation. The cells were grown on glycerol minimal medium supplemented with required amino acids. After receiving a relatively high UV fluence, the polA1 mutant, deficient in DNA polymer-ase I, showed a respiration shutoff response like the wild type cells. 5-Fluorouracil and rifampin, an inhibitor of initiation of RNA synthesis, did not prevent respiration shutoff in the mutant cells as they did in the wild type cells. Thus, RNA synthesis is not necessary for cessation of respiration in polA1 cells and the process is not an induced one. At lower fluences which did not shut off respiration of polA1 cells, cAMP did not cause a more complete shutoff as it did for the wild type cells. The tif-1 mutant has a modified recA protein, and when unirradiated cells are incubated at 42°C they form filaments, mutate, and show other rec/lex responses. This mutant did not shut off its respiration at either 30 or 42°C, and the response was not modified by cAMP. An E. coli K12 strain, W3110, was also tested for its respiration response to UV. At 52J/m2 respiration did not shut off and cAMP had no effect.
Insulin Internalization in the Absence of the Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Domain Is Insufficient for Mediating Intracellular Biological Effects

Abstract The intracellular portion of the human insulin receptor (hIR) β-subunit contains distinct functional domains including the exon 16-encoded juxtamembrane (JM) domain that mediates endocytosis, and the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain that mediates insulin's metabolic and mitogenic actions. To explore the functional relationship between these domains and to determine the role of insulin internalization in insulin action, we constructed and studied the endocytic and signaling properties of an hIR mutant truncated at Glu-1012. This truncation removes the carboxyl-terminal 343 amino acids containing essentially all of the TK domain but leaves behind the exon 16-encoded JM domain that is necessary for endocytosis, plus an additional 35 amino acids downstream. The wild-type (hIR-WT) and mutant (hIRΔ343) receptors were stably expressed in CHO cells and their abilities to mediate various insulin-stimulated functions were comparatively analyzed. In cells expressing hIR-WT, insulin markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of the β-subunit and of the endogenous 185 kDa substrate whereas these effects were completely absent in cells expressing hIRΔ343. The hIRΔ343 receptors retained the ability to internalize a significant amount of surface-bound insulin at 37°C. However, they were unable to mediate either the short or long-term biological effects of insulin as determined by assaying insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (assessed by 2-deoxyglucose uptake), protooncogene expression (measured by Northern blot analysis ofc-fosmRNA) and DNA synthesis (measured by3H-thymidine incorporation). These results indicate that the hIR β-subunit JM and TK domains can be functionally uncoupled, and that insulin internalization in the absence of hIR TK domain and kinase activity is insufficient for mediating intracellular insulin action.
Simulation of the carbon dynamics of a Florida slash pine plantation

Abstract A model of the carbon dynamics of a Florida slash pine ( Pinus elliottii ) plantation was designed to use as a tool to scale up physiological data to the stand level, and to address questions about the dynamics of the labile carbon pool (starch + sugars) and fertilization responses. The model adequately simulated labile carbon dynamics, stem growth, and root respiration over a 2-year period. Measured labile carbon pool dynamics were consistent with the simulation based on a daily balance between inputs of net canopy assimilation and outputs of respiration and growth. Increased stem growth following fertilization can be simulated as a consequence of increased foliage mass; no other changes in allocation patterns or physiological responses to fertilization were evident.
Near-edge study of molecular oxygen and nitrogen clusters on a krypton surface.

N{sub 2} or O{sub 2} clusters are condensed on Kr films at 20 K, and the {ital K} edge is studied using synchrotron radiation. For molecular nitrogen, little or no change is observed in the near-edge structure as one goes from the small cluster to the thin-film limit. For molecular oxygen, an increase is observed in the splitting of the {sigma}{sup *} feature with increasing oxygen coverage. We attribute this phenomenon to local structural and electronic changes related to cluster growth. The splitting of the {sigma}{sup *} feature for the smallest amount of oxygen deposited is larger than the gas-phase value, and we believe this latter result is due to the formation of molecular-oxygen dimers.
Abelian Groups, Gauss Periods, and Normal Bases

A result on finite abelian groups is first proved and then used to solve problems in finite fields. Particularly, all finite fields that have normal bases generated by general Gauss periods are characterized and it is shown how to find normal bases of low complexity.
Kalman Filtering with Newton's Method [Lecture Notes]

In this article, Kalman filter using Newton's method for root finding is derived. We show that the one-step Kalman filter is given by a single iteration of Newton's method on the gradient of a quadratic objective function, and with a judiciously chosen initial guess. This derivation is different from those found in standard texts, since it provides a more general framework for recursive state estimation. Although not presented here, this approach can also be used to derive the extended Kalman filter for nonlinear systems.
Modeling optical fiber dynamics for increased efficiencies in scanning fiber applications

A cantilevered singlemode optical fiber is base-excited to create 2D amplitude-modulated resonant motion as a basis for a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE). Over the past few years, prototype SFEs have been developed with smaller sizes of the distal rigid tip which houses the fiber scanner. Our current prototype is 2 mm in diameter with 15 mm rigid length at the tip of a highly flexible shaft. A spiral scan pattern at 40 degrees field of view generates 250 rings (500 lines) at greater than 10 frames per second with negligible distortion at 10 micron resolution. Future SFEs will use microfabrication techniques to sculpt the optical fiber cantilever to form tapered and microlensed tips for the purpose of increasing field of view without increasing electrical power. Microfabrication of complex optical fiber geometries is guided by linear and nonlinear dynamic models of the resonant motion of these fiberoptic scanners. Linear finite element analysis (FEA) is used to match low amplitude motions of tapered and notched fiber geometries, indicating that more flexible regions or hinges can be designed into future fiber scanners for increased amplitude of motion without sacrificing frequency. Nonlinear models of the fiber dynamics are developed and the results help predict the more complex behavior of microfabricated fiber scanners at wider fields of view. Thus, sophisticated fiber dynamics models are used to guide the development of more efficient scanning fiber image acquisition sensors and systems, such as ultrathin flexible SFEs and low-cost sensors.
Enrichment of auxotrophic mutants inHansenula polymorpha

An enrichment scheme was designed for the isolation of auxotrophic mutants of the thermotolerant and methanol-utilizing yeast,Hansenula polymorpha, by the use of the polyene antibiotic nystatin. This treatment resulted in auxotrophic isolates at a frequency of 75%. With or without nystatin enrichment, the vast majority of obtained auxotrophs required nucleic acid bases.
Development of safflower protein

Development of safflower protein and safflower protein isolate (SPI) containing as high as 95% protein (N×5.3) is described. SPI exhibits favorable nitrogen solubility, foaming, and bread-baking properties. Composition of SPI and select functional properties may be altered by the choice of pH used to precipitate the extracted protein (5 or 6). PER of SPI (1.26) was increased to as high as 2.13 by the addition of L-lysine at levels of 0.75% of the diet. Theoretical estimates of production costs for SPI are similar to estimates for soy protein isolate. SPI has been evaluated experimentally in pastas, baked products, and beverage systems. Nutritional and functional properties indicate that SPI has promising potential as either a protein fortificant and/or a functional ingredient in various foods.
Soames on Quine and Davidson

A discussion of Quine and Davidson, as interpreted and criticized in Scott Soames’ Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century, Volume II.
Choreo: network-aware task placement for cloud applications

Cloud computing infrastructures are increasingly being used by network-intensive applications that transfer significant amounts of data between the nodes on which they run. This paper shows that tenants can do a better job placing applications by understanding the underlying cloud network as well as the demands of the applications. To do so, tenants must be able to quickly and accurately measure the cloud network and profile their applications, and then use a network-aware placement method to place applications. This paper describes Choreo, a system that solves these problems. Our experiments measure Amazon's EC2 and Rackspace networks and use three weeks of network data from applications running on the HP Cloud network. We find that Choreo reduces application completion time by an average of 8%-14% (max improvement: 61%) when applications are placed all at once, and 22%-43% (max improvement: 79%) when they arrive in real-time, compared to alternative placement schemes.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma.

Abstract This study evaluated the outcomes of patients who underwent high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) for mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the effect of clinical and treatment characteristics. The clinical outcome and prognostic factors in 40 patients who underwent HDC and autoHSCT for mantle cell lymphoma between June 1991 and August 1998 were analyzed. With a median follow-up of 24 months for the surviving patients (range, 4-68 months), the 2-year overall survival was 65% and the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) was 36%. In univariate analysis, characteristics predictive of a poor EFS were blastic morphology (P = .019) and the patient having received 3 or more prior chemotherapy regimens (P = .004). In a multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with a poor EFS was the number of prior chemotherapy regimens. Those patients who received 3 or more prior therapies had a 2-year EFS of 0%, and those who received Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6(6):640-5.
Differential effects of arsenic(III) and chromium(VI) on nuclear transcription factor binding.

The toxic metals arsenic(III) and chromium(VI) are considered human carcinogens, although they may act through different mechanisms. We previously showed that when administered at single low, non-overtly toxic doses, chromium, arsenic, and several other chemical carcinogens preferentially alter expression of several model inducible genes in both whole-animal and cell-culture systems. In this study, we assessed whether chromium and arsenic target specific signaling pathways within cells to selectively modulate gene expression. We examined the effects of non-cytotoxic and cytotoxic doses of arsenic(III) and chromium(VI) on nuclear binding of the transcription factors AP-1, NF-κB, Sp1, and YB-1 in human MDA-MB-435 breast cancer and rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. These transcription factors were chosen because they may regulate many inducible genes, including those previously shown to be altered by metal treatments. We report that both arsenic and chromium significantly altered nuclear binding levels of these factors to their respective cis-acting elements. However, there were qualitative and quantitative differences in these effects that were dependent on the metal, time, dose, transcription factor, and cell line. These effects may play a significant role in metal-induced alterations in gene expression. Mol. Carcinog. 25:219–229, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
USaR: A New Framework for Redoing

Undo, Skip, & Redo-a new interactive approach to user recovery offers significant advantages over current undo/redo packages.
Cell Proliferation and regulation of negative growth factors in mouse liver foci

Foci of altered hepatocytes are preneoplastic lesions capable of progressing to hepatocellular carcinomas. To characterize the growth of preneoplastic hepatic lesions, size of hepatic foci was analyzed with regard to growth factor regulation and hepatocyte proliferation in focal and non-focal hepatocytes. Twelve-day-old female B6C3F1 mice were initiated with a single dose of the potent mutagen N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) (5 mg/kg body weight). Beginning at 6 weeks of age, mice were exposed for 16 weeks to 2038 p.p.m. unleaded gasoline (UG) vapor or 1 p.p.m. ethinyl estradiol (EE) in the diet. Analysis of hepatic foci demonstrated that UG significantly increased, but EE significantly decreased the size of DEN-initiated foci. Hepatic labeling index (LI), as measured by the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, was similar in non-focal hepatocytes at 16 weeks in all groups (0.4-0.8%) and greatly increased in hepatic foci. Hepatocyte LI was significantly increased in DEN/UG foci (29%, n = 41) and significantly decreased in DEN/EE foci (6%, n = 23) relative to DEN/control focal hepatocytes (18%, n = 25). The mean LI of foci correlated with the focal size differences observed in the treatment groups. Immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies directed to the negative growth regulator transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) demonstrated a consistent decrease of TGF-beta 1 in DEN/Ct and DEN/UG hepatic foci relative to non-lesion hepatocytes. Similar results were seen with mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGF-II R), which facilitates activation of latent TGF-beta 1. In contrast, only 50% of DEN/EE foci had decreased levels of TGF-beta 1 and M6P/IGF-II R relative to non-focal hepatocytes. These data suggest that proliferative responses observed in hepatic foci may be correlated with foci size. In contrast, chemically induced proliferative responses in non-focal hepatocytes after subchronic exposure cannot necessarily be used to predict proliferative effects in preneoplastic cell populations. Furthermore, these studies suggest that hepatic foci may occur by M6P/IGF-II R enhancing activation of latent TGF-beta 1 in non-focal hepatocytes but not in the focal hepatocytes, thereby affording focal hepatocytes a selective growth advantage.
A Simple Preparation of 5′-Biotinylated Oligonucleotides and Their use as Primers in Dideoxy-Sequencing of DNA

Abstract 5′-Biotinylated oligonucleotides have proved valuable in a number of applications in molecular biology, particularly as hybridization probes and as primers for PCRI. This report describes a simple, efficient method for the preparation of 5′-biotinylated oligonucleotides and their use in a new application, as primers in an improved method for dideoxy sequencing of DNA.