cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Status and Individual Personal Responsibility Beliefs Towards Food Access

Despite worldwide attention given to food access, very little progress has been made under the current model. Recognizing that individual engagement is likely based on individual experiences and perceptions, this research study investigated whether or not a correlation exists between one’s socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived personal responsibility for food access. Discussion of results and implications provide fresh insight into the ongoing global debate surrounding food access. Outcomes also provide insight into willing and able participants and point to least-cost solutions which may be better suited to implement and initiate change. Results indicate that the issue of food access is more complex than simply lobbying for better decision-making among individuals and populations, highlighting the importance of unit of analysis considerations.
Using Conversation Analysis to Appraise How Novel Educational Videos Impact Patient Medical Education

Abstract Objective To determine in what ways, if any, do patients, caregivers, and nurses make videos relevant during in-person education. Methods We applied conversation analysis to analyze interaction in 12 nurse-led education visits (1011 minutes of audio) in which speakers referred to a supplemental education video. Results Patients initiated talk about the video in about half of the clinic visits analyzed, while nurses initiated talk about the video across all clinic visits analyzed. Interactions showed that patients demonstrated knowledge of video content and clarified information concerning their treatment plans by asking questions of nurses. Nurses referenced the video prior to repeating information that they recognized patients had viewed. In all instances analyzed, nurses made references to the videos in ways that re-oriented conversations back toward the content of the informal scripts that they used to deliver patient education. Conclusion Patients referenced the video in ways that demonstrated that they had viewed it and had gained knowledge concerning treatment plans, and to ask specific questions about these. Nurses referred to the videos by acknowledging patients’ prior knowledge of upcoming information. Practice Implications Understanding how pre-delivered supplemental videos impact patient involvement in in-person education contributes understanding to how video-based instruction supports patient-centered care.
Automatic differentiation of c++ codes for large-scale scientific computing

We discuss computing first derivatives for models based on elements, such as large-scale finite-element PDE discretizations, implemented in the C++ programming language. We use a hybrid technique of automatic differentiation (AD) and manual assembly, with local element-level derivatives computed via AD and manually summed into the global derivative. C++ templating and operator overloading work well for both forward- and reverse-mode derivative computations. We found that AD derivative computations compared favorably in time to finite differencing for a scalable finite-element discretization of a convection-diffusion problem in two dimensions.
Space and Wave Number Domain

Fourier transform, i.e., decomposition of an image into periodic structures, proved to be an extremely helpful tool to understanding image formation and digitization. Throughout the whole discussion in the last chapter we used the continuous Fourier transform. Proceeding now to discrete imagery, the question arises whether there is a discrete analogue to the continuous Fourier transform. Such a transformation would allow us to decompose a discrete image directly into its periodic components.
Chemical mixtures research: significance and future perspectives.

The study of chemical mixtures is an important area of research because of its potential impact on how risk is assessed in popuiations exposed to multiple environmental agents. Clearly, individuals are exposed to myriad chemical agents during their lifetime. Low-dose chronic exposure to environmental agents and the additional lifestyle factors that may affect health are extremely difficult to assess by conventional approaches. Classic scientific approaches, while serving the research community well in assessing the impact of single chemicals on the functioning of biological systems, may be inadequate to address aggregate and cumulative exposures of multiple chemicals in lrving systems. Over the past decades, there have been extraordinary scientific and computational technology advances. Through the incorporation of technological advances in microarrays, laser capture microdissection, imaging, and high through-put technologies, we can now study in greater detail the properties of mixtures and begin to define those characteristics that are sufficiendy similar to allow extrapolation of data frorn one mixture to another. Bioinformatics and other computational approaches would also be integrated into this research scheme, not only for data analysis but also to develop predictive models that could be used for risk assessment. Integrated approaches that address these issues will be necessary to advance our understanding of the health relevance of exposure to mixtures.
Identity-creators and image-makers: Using citation analysis and thick description to put authors in their place

We describe the steps involved in constructing authors" citation identities (whom they cite) and citation images (who cites them). Familiarity with the intellectual, social, and institutional connections of these authors over time helps inform the analysis and augment the specificity of citation counts. Our study shows that authors" writing and referencing styles constitute a form of watermark for their scholarly output.
Cuticular reactivity of the early larval stages of Ascaris suum: Adhesion and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on the surface of opsonized larvae of a. suum

Abstract Binding of serum proteins (opsonization) on the surface of infective and early parasitic larvae of Ascaris suum is necessary to induce the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). When larvae are not pretreated in vitro with serum components, PMN do not adhere either to infective stage larvae or to parasitic larvae recovered from non-immune guinea pigs at 16, 25 or 48 h post oral infection. Adhesion of PMN occurs on all larval stages tested when they are first opsonized in vitro with the 7S fraction of immune serum. Opsonization with macroglobulins of immune serum or with Fab fragments of immune 7S protein does not induce the in vitro adherence of PMN. Adhesion of PMN to the larval surface results in reduction of Nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan precipitate at the larval surface, specifically in areas where cells are adherent, indicating oxidative enzyme action at the cuticle/PMN interface.
EFFECT OF CHLORIDE ON CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN SOLUTION: ENHANCEMENT OF CATION RADICAL AND SEMIQUINONE YIELDS

—Illumination with red light at low temperatures of a degassed ethanol solution of chlorophyll and ferric chloride reversibly produces an EPR signal due to the chlorophyll cation radical (Chl+). The magnitude of this signal is about ten times larger than is obtained with chlorophyll alone. When benzoquinone is also present, an EPR signal due to Chl+ and the neutral semiquinone radical (QH.) is photoproduced. The semiquinone signal is about five times larger than in the absence of ferric chloride. Both of these systems show first order radical decay when the light is turned off, suggesting that radical complexes are being formed. These results indicate that iron is capable of serving as an electron transfer bridge between chlorophyll and quinone.
Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Hexagonal CdSe, CdS, and ZnS

Pseudopotential form factors and band structures are determined for CdSe, CdS, and ZnS. These band structures are then used to analyze the optical data for these crystals. The calculation confirms some earlier identifications of the optical structure in some cases, and causes new interpretations in other cases. In addition, some previously unidentified structure is explained. A calculation of the imaginary part of the dielectric function is given for hexagonal CdSe and ZnS.
Detection of bluetongue virus in Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) by an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect bluetongue virus (BTV) in the vector Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett). This ELISA used polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in a biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase system to detect BTV in individual adult female flies that had taken an infectious blood meal. Detection of BTV with the ELISA correlated with detection of BTV from the same flies by plaque assay in cell culture. The ELISA was group-specific for the five U.S. serotypes of BTV and did not cross react with closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.
Isolation of the Speech Area

The credit for discovering this remarkable patient and for studying her so carefully over many years goes to Dr. Fred Quadfasel, who also demonstrated her remarkable capacity for verbal learning. Without these astute clinical and experimental observations the subsequent post-mortem findings would have been of little use. Combining the two, however, made it possible to draw far-reaching theoretical conclusions from this experiment of nature. Perhaps the most important conclusion is that comprehension of language is not unitary. Thus this patient could complete common phrases, and could perform other discriminatory activities, while she failed at others. This conclusion is reinforced by other findings, e.g., some patients with severe comprehension deficits for questions and commands for the individual limbs may yet respond very well to commands carried out with the axial musculature, e.g., ‘sit down’, ‘stand up’ ‘walk’, etc.
Understanding the Short History of Plea Bargaining

As late as the eighteenth century, ordinary jury trial at common law was a judge-dominated, lawyer-free procedure conducted so rapidly that plea bargaining was unnecessary. Thereafter, the rise of adversary procedure and the law of evidence injected vast complexity into jury trial and made it unworkable as a routine dispositive procedure. A variety of factors, some quite fortuitous, inclined nineteenthcentury common law procedure to channel the mounting caseload into nontrial plea bargaining procedure rather than to refine its trial procedure as contemporary Continental legal systems were doing. Alschuler (supra) has undertaken to document that plea bargaining was unknotvn during most of the history of the common law. Only in the nineteenth century does he find significant evidence of the practice in either England or America. These findings beckon to the legal historian for explanation. In modern times, plea bargaining has become the primary procedure through which we dispose of the vast proportion of cases of serious crime. How then could common law procedure function for so many centuries without' a practice that is today so prevalent and seemingly so indispensable?
Controlling model complexity in flow estimation

This paper describes a novel application of statistical learning theory (SLT) to control model complexity in flow estimation. SLT provides analytical generalization bounds suitable for practical model selection from small and noisy data sets of image measurements (normal flow). The method addresses the aperture problem by using the penalized risk (ridge regression). We demonstrate an application of this method on both synthetic and real image sequences and use it for motion interpolation and extrapolation. Our experimental results show that our approach compares favorably against alternative model selection methods such as the Akaike's final prediction error, Schwartz's criterion, generalized cross-validation, and Shibata's model selector.
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) Processed by Conventional and Step-Down Austempering Process

An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of step-down austempering process on the mechanical properties of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI). Compact tension and cylindrical tensile specimens were prepared from nodular cast iron as per ASTM standards and were subjected to two different austempering heat treatments; that is, conventional and step-down austempering in the upper bainitic temperature range. The specimens were austempered at four different temperatures; that is, 343, 357, 371, and 385°C. The influence of these austempering processes on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the material was examined at room temperature and ambient atmosphere. The influence of these austempering processes on the plane strain fracture toughness of the material was also investigated. The present test results indicate no significant difference in the mechanical properties and fracture toughness in ADI processed by conventional as well as step-down austempering process at the same au...
Measurement and Correction of Transverse Chromatic Aberration with the Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope

Chromatic dispersion is a major obstacle for controlled delivery of multi-wavelength light to the retina. We present a rapid, image-based correction method enabling targeted stimulation of the photoreceptor mosaic with sub-cellular resolution.
Muscle relaxant properties of the identified metabolites of dantrolene

Identified metabolites of dantrolene, a skeletal muscle relaxant, were studied for inhibition of skeletal muscle contractions. Inhibition of muscle contractions were studied in vivo in the rat gastrocnemius muscle preparation, and in vitro using isolated rat diaphragm strips. Dantrolene (D) and 5-hydroxydantrolene (5-HD) inhibited muscle contraction responses in a dose dependent manner, both in vivo and in vitro. 5-HD was less potent than D.
Effects of ultraviolet and electron radiations on graphite‐reinforced polysulfone and epoxy resins

Degradation mechanisms have been investigated for graphite/polysulfone and graphite/epoxy laminates exposed to ultraviolet and high-energy electron radiations in vacuum up to 960 equivalent sun hours and 10/sup 9/ rads, respectively. Based on GC and combined GC/MS analysis of volatile by-products evolved during irradiation, several free radical mechanisms of composite degradation have been identified. All the composite materials evaluated have shown high electron radiation stability and relatively low ultraviolet stability as indicated by low G values and high quantum yields for gas formation. Mechanical property measurements of irradiated samples did not reveal significant changes, with the possible exception of UV exposed polysulfone laminates. Hydrogen and methane have been identified as the main byproducts of irradiation, along with unexpectedly high levels of CO and CO/sub 2/. Initial G values for methane relative to hydrogen formation are higher in the presence of isopropylidene linkages, which occur in bisphenol-A resins.
Traumatic Intracerebral Venous Thrombosis Associated With an Abnormal Golf Swing

Objectives.—To describe the occurrence of cerebral venous thrombosis in a 40-year-old man whose cerebral event was induced by a poor golf swing, to review the literature on possible mechanisms producing venous thrombosis, and to compare this case with the literature. Background.—Headache is the most frequent symptom in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. However, patients presenting with a headache due to cerebral venous thrombosis are uncommon. The known risk factors for thrombosis include both acquired and genetic factors. When the interaction of these two groups occurs, the magnitude of this interaction is thought to produce a dynamic state that can favor thrombosis. Our case report illustrates that moderate levels of anticardiolipin antibodies together with the mild trauma of a golf swing can induce a cerebral venous thrombosis. This case also suggests that although headache is rarely due to cerebral venous thrombosis, it should be excluded by good medical acumen and testing. Results.—Minor trauma induced by a poor golf swing was chronologically related to the development of a progressive cerebral venous thrombosis. The patient had none of the risk factors associated with a predisposition to venous thrombosis: hypercoagulable state, concurrent infection, pregnancy/puerperium, collagen vascular disorder, malignancy, migraine, false-positive VDRL, previous deep vein thrombosis, renal disease, factor V Leiden, or a hematological disorder. There was no anatomical abnormality that would predispose the patient to a cerebral venous thrombosis. The only laboratory abnormality was a moderate anticardiolipin antibody level (25 GPL). The patient was placed on warfarin sodium therapy and is currently without clinical sequela from the venous thrombotic event. Conclusions.—Under certain circumstances, minor trauma can induce cerebral venous thrombosis. A review of the literature indicates that cerebral venous thrombosis in the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare event. Previously, only major traumatic events have been reported to be associated with cerebral venous thromboses. The chronological development of cerebral venous thrombosis after a faulty golf swing strongly indicates that given a background of moderate levels of anticardiolipin antibodies, even minor trauma can induce a venous thrombotic event.
Mortality of the Extreme Aged in the United States in the 1990S, Based on Improved Medicare Data

Abstract The most extensive mortality experience of very old persons in North America is the experience reflected in the master records of Medicare enrollment. Furthermore, the data are of high quality; for example, the age in the record generally is not a mere allegation, but rather is supported by documentation. Indeed, this experience is used for the older ages in the construction of the decennial U.S. life tables. Even the best data, however, are not free of error, and the Medicare data contain errors of duplicate information, incorrect ages, and unreported deaths. These errors understandably are most serious at the oldest ages, when the true experience is least extensive. We have undertaken several initiatives at the microdata level to improve the quality of the information, and we report those initiatives and the mortality probabilities that were obtained in this paper.‡
Multiscale Integral Invariants For Facial Landmark Detection in 2.5D Data

In this paper, we introduce a novel 3D surface landmark detection method using a 3D integral invariant feature extended from that proposed by Manay et al. for 2D contours. We apply this new feature to detect the nose tips of 2.5D range images of human faces. Using the Face Recognition Grand Challenge 2.0 dataset, our method compares favorably with a recently proposed competing method.
Describing an ‘effective’ principal: perceptions of the central office leaders

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how district leaders of two school systems in the USA describe an effective principal. Membership categorisation analysis revealed that district leaders believed an effective principal had four major categories of characteristics: (1) documented characteristics (having a track record and being a good manager), (2) instructional skills (instructional leadership and data leadership), (3) interpersonal skills (team player and community leader) and (4) perceptual characteristics (being a perfect fit for school and passionate leader). Based on the findings, a graphical model of portraying an ‘effective principal’ from the point of view of district leaders is constructed. Implications for policy, research, practice and leader preparation are offered.
The Contribution of Predisposing and Situational Risk Factors to Serious Fall Injuries

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to identify situational risk factors associated with suffering a serious fall injury and to determine whether, and to what extent, predisposing and situational risk factors contributed independently to risk of suffering a serious fall injury. DESIGN: Nested cohort study. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: 568 members of a representative sample of community-living persons 72 years of age or older who fell during a median follow-up of 36 months. MEASUREMENTS: Candidate predisposing factors, identified during a baseline face-to-face home assessment, were the demographic, cognitive, medical, and physical performance measures associated with an increased risk of serious injury among fallers in a previous analysis of the cohort. Acute host, behavioral, and environmental factors present at the time of the participants' first reported fall constituted potential situational risk factors. The primary outcome was occurrence of a serious fall injury, defined as a fracture, joint dislocation, or head injury resulting in loss of consciousness and hospitalization, during the first fall recorded during follow-up. RESULTS: Sixty-nine subjects (12%) suffered a serious injury during their first reported fall. No acute host factor was associated with increased risk of injury. The environmental and activity factors associated independently with serious injury in multivariate analysis included falling on stairs (adjusted relative risk 2.0; 95% confidence intervals 1.1 – 3.5), during displacing activity (1.8; 1.0 – 3.0), and from at least body height (2.1; 1.0 – 4.7). The independent predisposing factors included female gender (2.1; 1.0 – 4.4), low body mass index (1.8; 1.2 – 2.9), and cognitive impairment (2.8; 1.7 –4.7). Although 12% of first falls resulted in a serious injury overall, this percentage ranged from 0% to 36% as the number of predisposing risk factors increased from zero to three and from 5% to 40% as the number of situational risk factors increased from zero to three. Further, for any given number of predisposing risk factors, the percentage of fallers suffering a serious injury increased with the number of situational risk factors CONCLUSIONS: Several environmental and behavioral factors contributed to the risk of serious fall injury; this contribution was independent of the effect of chronic predisposing risk factors. Preventive programs that address both predisposing and situational risk factors may result in the greatest injury reduction. These findings support previously recommended multicomponent intervention programs that combine medical, rehabilitative, and environmental components. J Am Geriatr Soc 43:1207–1213,1995.
Semiautomated landscape feature extraction and modeling

We have developed a semi-automated procedure for generating correctly located 3D tree objects form overhead imagery. Cross-platform software partitions arbitrarily large, geocorrected and geolocated imagery into management sub- images. The user manually selected tree areas from one or more of these sub-images. Tree group blobs are then narrowed to lines using a special thinning algorithm which retains the topology of the blobs, and also stores the thickness of the parent blob. Maxima along these thinned tree grous are found, and used as individual tree locations within the tree group. Magnitudes of the local maxima are used to scale the radii of the tree objects. Grossly overlapping trees are culled based on a comparison of tree-tree distance to combined radii. Tree color is randomly selected based on the distribution of sample tree pixels, and height is estimated form tree radius. The final tree objects are then inserted into a terrain database which can be navigated by VGIS, a high-resolution global terrain visualization system developed at Georgia Tech.
Determination of atrazine, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in water and sediment by isotope dilution gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

Abstract Methods for the trace analyses of atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) in water and sediment have been developed by using stable-isotope dilution with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. Water samples are spiked with known amounts of 13C3-atrazine, 13C3-DEA and 13C3-DIA and submitted to solid-phase extraction with C18 bonded silica. Pesticides are eluted from the solid phase with ethyl acetate. Sediment samples are spiked and equilibrated with a known amount of each labeled standard before supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using a 4% (v/v) methanol-CO2 mobile phase at 43°C and 10 MPa with off-line collection in methanol. A gas chromatograph coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used to analyze the concentrated sample extracts. When compared to conventional liquid—liquid extraction methods, these methods decrease extraction time, labor, and solvent volume required. Quantification of the triazines by using isotope dilution compensates for differences in physical recovery for atrazine and its metabolites, especially when large ( > 100 ml) water volumes are extracted. Method detection limits for atrazine, DEA and DIA are 0.02, 0.02 and 0.10 μ g 1−1, respectively, in water. In sediment, the method detection limits are 0.10, 0.20 and 0.50 ng g−1 for atrazine, DEA and DIA, respectively. More than 4000 water and 800 sediment samples have been analyzed by these methods for more than two years. The average accuracy (bias) for atrazine-fortified water samples is +6.4% (n = 200) and the precision from duplicate analyses is ±6.0%. Precision of the SFE method for atrazine is ±11% at the 2 ng g−1 level whereas accuracy is −3.2% (n = 8) for recovery of 13C3-atrazine standard at the 5 ng g−1 level.
Colombian teachers' questions about CLIL: What can teachers' questions tell us? (Part II)

The second part of this two-part paper starts with a review of the literature on teachers’ questions, going back 100 years, and finds an almost exclusive focus on teachers asking students questions in classrooms. To address this apparent oversight on the other kinds of questions teachers ask, for example to each other and to themselves, Colombian teachers were asked to write their questions about CLIL, at a workshop which was part of a new MA TESOL program. A total of 85 questions were written by approximately 80 language teachers from all over Colombia, 69 of which related to CLIL. These questions were divided into three groups or sets: CLIL in the Colombian Context; The Implementation of CLIL; and Fundamental Concepts of CLIL. These questions and these three categories are analyzed to see what developers of teacher development and CLIL training programs in Colombia can learn from such questions, and how they can inform the design of such programs.
Modulating cell adhesion and spreading by control of FnIII7-10 orientation on charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates

In this work, we demonstrate that surface charge can be used to modulate cell adhesion/spreading through the control of the orientation of adsorbed FnIII(7-10), which is a cell-adhesive protein containing RGD residues. Carboxylic acid (COOH) and amine (NH(2))-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates were used as model negatively and positively charged surfaces, respectively. The adsorbed amount of FnIII(7-10) is controlled to be equivalent on both SAMs as confirmed by the adsorption isotherms determined using I(125)-radiolabeled FnIII(7-10.) The binding of a monoclonal antibody specific for the cell-binding domain of FnIII(7-10) was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to evaluate FnIII(7-10) orientations on different SAMs. Results indicate that adsorbed FnIII(7-10) on NH(2)-SAM has an orientation with more cell-binding domains accessible than on COOH-SAM, confirming our predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. Both phase contrast images and Vybrant MTT cell proliferation assays show that the adhesion/spreading of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) on the NH(2)-SAM is significantly better than that on the COOH-SAM coated with an equivalent amount of FnIII(7-10). These results indicate that surface charge can be used to specifically orient cell adhesive proteins such as FnIII(7-10), thus providing a promising strategy to increase the activity of materials incorporating biological moieties.
Design of a Microscale Combustor-Heat Exchanger for Low Temperature Applications

A design of a compact, integrated combustor and heat exchanger for low temperature applications is presented in this paper. The design involves use of several repeating unit cells that each performs three unit operations — combustion, recuperation, and heat exchange. Heat from combustion is transferred to a cold gas stream entering the device at 200K. Heterogeneous catalytic combustion occurs on the walls of microchannels in the presence of a platinum catalyst. Two levels of numerical simulations are performed to realize the design. The first level represents a single unit cell consisting of a combustor, exhaust gas, and heat exchange fluid channels. At the unit cell level, a two-dimensional numerical model with detailed surface chemistry is used to provide high unit cell thermal efficiency. It is shown that with the help of a novel distributed catalyst arrangement, extinction of the reaction due to the cold gas stream is prevented and a high hydrogen conversion (greater than 95 percent) is achieved for a range of operating conditions. The second level of simulations is at the device scale, consisting of multiple unit cells connected together with appropriate fluidic headers. At this device level, three dimensional simulations of fluid flow were performed to ensure uniformity in flow distribution while maintaining low pressure drop through the device. Fabrication constraints were also incorporated into the device level design and simulations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Nitrate and Ammonium Uptake Kinetics of Three Annual Range Species

The uptake kinetics of nitrate and ammonium ions was compared for the annual range species: subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), soft chess (Bromus mollis L.), and broadleaved filaree (Erodium botrys [Cav.] Bertol.) to study competitive interactions in nitrogen deficient soils. Fifteen-day-old seedlings were allowed to deplete solutions of nitrate or ammonium in the range of 5 to 500 μM concentrations for a 10-hour period during which net uptake (depletion) was monitored by a sensitive conductance technique. Subclover uptake rates were markedly less than those for soft chess and filaree for both nitrate and ammonium at both low and high concentrations. The evidence supports the hypothesis that subclover is a poor competitor for soil N in part because of this physiological difference.
Federation: repurposing scalar cores for out-of-order instruction issue

Future SoCs will contain multiple cores. For workloads with significant parallelism, prior work has shown the benefit of many small, multi-threaded, scalar cores. For workloads that require better single-thread performance, a dedicated, larger core can help but comes at a large opportunity cost in the number of scalar cores that could be provisioned instead. This paper proposes a way to repurpose a pair of scalar cores into a 2-way out-of-order issue core with minimal area overhead. "Federating" scalar cores in this way nevertheless achieves comparable performance to a dedicated out-of-order core and dissipates less power as well.
Differential localization of Ca2+ channel ?1 subunits in the enteric nervous system: Presence of ?1B channel-like immunoreactivity in intrinsic primary afferent neurons

Immunocytochemistry was employed to locate calcium (Ca2+) channel proteins in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the rat and guinea pig. Anti-peptide antibodies that specifically recognize the α1 subunits of class A (P/Q-type), B (N-type), C and D (L-type) Ca2+ channels were utilized. α1B channel-like immunoreactivity was abundant in both enteric plexuses, the mucosa, and circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Immunoreactivity was predominantly found in cholinergic varicosities, supporting a role for Ca2+ channels, which contain the α1B subunit, in acetylcholine release. Immunoreactivity was also associated with the cell soma of calbindin-immunoreactive submucosal and myenteric neurons, cells that have been proposed to be intrinsic primary afferent neurons. α1C channel-like immunoreactivity was distributed diffusely in the cell membrane of a large subset of neuronal cell bodies and processes, whereas α1D was found mainly in the cell soma and proximal dendrites of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea pig gut. α1A channel-like immunoreactivity was found in a small subset of cell bodies and processes in the rat ENS. The differential localization of the α1 subunits of Ca2+ channels in the ENS implies that they serve distinct roles in neuronal excitation and signaling within the bowel. The presence of α1B channel-like immunoreactivity in putative intrinsic primary afferent neurons suggested that class B Ca2+ channels play a role in enteric sensory neurotransmission; therefore, we determined the effects of the N-type Ca2+ channel blocker, ω-conotoxin GVIA (ω-CTx GVIA), on the reflex-evoked activity of enteric neurons. Demonstrating the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element-binding protein (pCREB) identified neurons that became active in response to distension. Distension elicited hexamethonium-resistant pCREB immunoreactivity in calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in each plexus; however, in preparations stimulated in the presence of ω-CTx GVIA, pCREB immunoreactivity was found only in calbindin-immunoreactive neurons in the submucosal plexus and not in myenteric ganglia. These data confirm that intrinsic primary afferent neurons are located in the submucosal plexus and that N-type Ca2+ channels play a role in sensory neurotransmission. J. Comp. Neurol. 409:85–104, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A 28 nm High-k/MG Heterogeneous Multi-Core Mobile Application Processor With 2 GHz Cores and Low-Power 1 GHz Cores

This paper presents power management and low power techniques of our heterogeneous quad/octa-core mobile application processor (AP). This AP has a combination of high-performance 2 GHz cores and energy-efficient 1 GHz cores. The maximum performance in the octa-core configuration is 35,600 DMIPS. The key design highlights are as follows. 1) Using a dedicated PLL and H-tree clock in the high-performance CPU achieves both 2 GHz operation and reduced dynamic power. 2) A low-leakage SRAM in a 28 nm HPM process is used and the leakage current of the peripheral circuits of the SRAM macro is optimized via multiple threshold voltages (Vt) and gate lengths (Lg), resulting in 24% leakage reduction of L1 cache. 3) The effects of process and voltage variations are accurately corrected by an on-chip process sensor and direct sensing of the voltage in the power mesh of the chip. 20% dynamic power reduction, 29% leakage power reduction and 40 mV improvement of minimum operation voltage are achieved. 4) An enhanced CPU clock control mechanism is employed, which uses an on-chip delay sensor to reduce AC voltage drop. 5) The heterogeneous CPU architecture maintains high performance even during thermal throttling.
The extracellular domain suppresses constitutive activity of the transmembrane domain of the human TSH receptor: implications for hormone-receptor interaction and antagonist design.

Among glycoprotein hormone receptors the TSH receptor (TSHR) in the most susceptible to constitutive by mutations in various regions of the molecule, including mutations in the extracellular domain (ECD) and extracellular loops of the transmembrane domain (TMD) to understand the role of hte ECD in TSHR activation we have tested several TSHR constructs with major deletions of the ECD. Previous studies reported very low expression of such truncated glycoprotein hormone receptors, which prevented reliable assessment of their ligand-binding and basal constitutive activities. We have eliminated this problem using TSHR at its N-terminus with a hemagglutinin tag (HA) recognized by the HA-specific monoclonal antibody. Based on such quantitation the TSHR deletion mutant missing 386 N-terminal amino acid residues, constituting 98% of the entire ECD, showed 4-7 fold higher normalized basal activity compared to activity of the corresponding wild-type (WT) TSHR construct. This increase in basal was significantly inhib...
The Reaction of Nitrogen with, and the Diffusion of Nitrogen in, Beta Zirconium

The rate of reaction of nitrogen with high-purity zirconium was determined for the temperature range of 975 ~ to 1640~ at 1 atm pressure. The reaction followed a parabolic law and the parabolic raf, e constant in (ml/cm~)2/see wa~ calculated to be k = 5.0 X 103 e -48,O001RT where 48,000 =i: 1500 cal/mole is the activation energy for the reaction. The rate of diffusion of nitrogen in beta zirconium was obtained for the temperature range of 920 ~ to 1640~ at 1 arm pressure. Diffusion-rate calculations based on a solution of ~he usual diffusion equation gave a diffusion coefficient, D = 1.5 X 10 -~ e -~~176176 cm2/sec. The energy of activation of diffusion, 30,700 cal/mole, has a probable error of 1000 cal/mole. The calculated entropy of activation for diffusion is 3.5 cal/mole degree. The limiting solubilities of nitrogen in beta zirconium were determined from the diffusion data. The heat of solution of nitrogen in beta zirconium is 12,900 :i= 500 cal/mole.
A novel method for administering intrathecal chemotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastases and shunted hydrocephalus: case report.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Leptomeningeal metastatic disease occurs in a minority of patients with systemic neoplastic disease. Before the initiation of intrathecal chemotherapy, hydrocephalus must be addressed with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-diverting shunt. CSF diversion can theoretically prematurely divert chemotherapeutic drugs that are administered intrathecally, thereby potentially reducing the efficacy of such treatments. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report on a patient with leptomeningeal disease and hydrocephalus secondary to metastatic bladder carcinoma requiring insertion of a programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt and intrathecal chemotherapy. A novel method was utilized to administer intrathecal chemotherapy, in which the valve pressure setting was transiently increased during a 4-hour treatment session for intrathecal chemotherapy. No clinical complications occurred. Nuclear imaging was obtained sequentially after the injection of indium tracer into the ventricular system with the programmable valve at its baseline setting as well as at a maximal pressure setting. In the maximal valve setting condition, reduced outflow of nuclear tracer was observed at 1.5 and 4 h after injection, and normalized by 24 hours after injection. CONCLUSION: Programmable shunt valves can be utilized in a safe, controlled fashion to treat hydrocephalus associated with leptomeningeal disease, as well as regulate the outflow of CSF and minimize diversion of intrathecal chemotherapeutic agents.
Autonomous Airborne Refueling Demonstration, Phase I Flight-Test Results

The first phase of the Autonomous Airborne Refueling Demonstration (AARD) project was completed on August 30, 2006. The goal of this 15-month effort was to develop and flight-test a system to demonstrate an autonomous refueling engagement using the Navy style hose-and-drogue air-to-air refueling method. The prime contractor for this Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sponsored program was Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC), Sparks, Nevada. The responsible flight-test organization was the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC), Edwards, California, which also provided the F/A-18 receiver airplane (McDonnell Douglas, now The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois). The B-707-300 tanker airplane (The Boeing Company) was contracted through Omega Aerial Refueling Services, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia, and the optical tracking system was contracted through OCTEC Ltd., Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom. Nine research flights were flown, testing the functionality and performance of the system in a stepwise manner, culminating in the plug attempts on the final flight. Relative position keeping was found to be very stable and accurate. The receiver aircraft was capable of following the tanker aircraft through turns while maintaining its relative position. During the last flight, six capture attempts were made, two of which were successful. The four misses demonstrated excellent characteristics, the receiver retreating from the drogue in a controlled, safe, and predictable manner that precluded contact between the drogue and the receiver aircraft. The position of the receiver aircraft when engaged and in position for refueling was found to be 5.5 to 8.5 ft low of the ideal position. The controller inputs to the F/A-18 were found to be extremely small.
The role of cysteine 160 in thiamine diphosphate binding of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle transketolase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Abstract The transketolase gene ( cbbT ) that encodes the Calvin–Benson–Bassham pathway transketolase (CbbT) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein purified to homogeneity. Like other transketolases, R. sphaeroides CbbT was found to be inactivated in the presence of oxygen. At its optimal pH of 7.8, CbbT displays a specific activity of 37 U/mg, a K R5P of 949 μM, a K Xu5P of 11 μM, and a K ThDP of 1.8 μM. Cysteine 160, equivalent to Cys159 of the yeast enzyme, is found within the active site and is loosely conserved amongst several sources of transketolase. To investigate the role of cysteine 160 found in the active site of R. sphaeroides CbbT, this residue was targeted for mutagenesis. Cys160 was changed to alanine, serine, aspartate, and glutamate. To compare the effect of these mutations on ThDP binding, spectral techniques were employed in addition to analysis by enzymatic activity. Fluorescence quenching was used to measure both equilibrium binding constants as well as first order rates of binding. The results of these studies indicated that Cys160 played an important and substantial role in cofactor binding, revealing the importance of this loosely conserved residue. In addition, the Cys160 mutants did not appear to alter oxygen-mediated inactivation.
Analytical determination of friction resistance as a function of normal load and geometry of surface irregularities

Abstract A mathematical modeling and simulation of friction during steady state sliding of metals, based on the upper-bound approach, is demonstrated. The existence of wedge-shaped protrusions on the tool surface is assumed. Pressing these protrusions onto the workpiece and sliding the tool along the workpiece produces asperities on the surface of the workpiece. These asperities move in a wave-like motion along the surface layer and cause plastic deformation through a specified depth under the surface. This plastic deformation combines with local friction between the tool and the workpiece along the asperity interface to produce resistance to sliding. The relation between the normal pressure and the sliding resistance is established for the entire range of pressure levels from zero to infinity. The apparent Coulomb coefficient of friction for lower levels of normal pressure and the constant friction factor for excessive load levels are determined. The transition region from Coulomb coefficient of friction to constant friction factor also becomes clear. A mathematical determination is obtained by means of a force equilibrium considering the concept of a contact surface friction ratio. The force of resistance to sliding is related both to the geometry of the asperity of the surface of the tool and to the constant friction factor, which is used for measuring a local frictional force along the interface of each asperity.
Factors That Predict Relief From Upper Abdominal Pain After Cholecystectomy

Background & Aims Upper abdominal pain (UAP) in patients with gallstones is often treated by cholecystectomy but it frequently persists. We aimed to identify symptoms associated with relief. Methods We followed 1008 patients who received cholecystectomy for gallstones and UAP at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) or Kaiser Permanente (San Diego, California) for 12 months. A validated, self-completed biliary symptoms questionnaire identified features of UAP, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); the questionnaire was given initially and 3 and 12 months after cholecystectomy, to identify features that predicted sustained relief of UAP. Results Five hundred ninety-four patients (59%) reported relief from UAP. Factors associated univariately ( P 5/10. Compared to no features, multiple predictive features of UAP (frequency, onset, duration, or timing) were associated with increasing odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for relief: 1, 2, or 3 features (4.2 [1.1–16]; P = .03) and 4 features (6.3 [1.6–25]; P = .008). Negative univariate associations included lower abdominal pain (LAP), usual bowel pattern, nausea ≥1 per week, often feeling bloated or burpy, GERD, and/or IBS. There was an inverse association between relief and somatization; relief was not associated with postprandial UAP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed independent associations ( P Conclusions UAP features and concomitant GERD, IBS, and somatization determine the odds for relief from UAP after cholecystectomy.
Analysis of small disturbances of transmission lines in dynamic stability studies

The inherent small-magnitude fluctuations of transmission line parameters, often attributed to the cause of an unstable and oscillatory behaviour of electric power systems, which operate in unfaulted and normal states under moderate load conditions, are investigated. Due to the limited nature of the deterministic theory to describe the dynamics of a large-scale power system, a stochastic theory is presented. On the basis of recent mathematical studies of stochastic processes, a performance index is derived to measure the small-disturbance stability limits of the system. The viability of this performance index is tested on a power system model.
A New Anisotropic Damage Model for Ceramic Matrix Composites

Within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, a new general constitutive model for describing damage and its effect on the overall properties of anisotropic solids is proposed. The ability of the model to describe the overall stress-strain response as well as the loss of symmetry resulting from the interaction between initial and damage-induced anisotropy in a brittle matrix composite is demonstrated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Probabilistic analysis of a capactiated vehicle routing problem—I

A fleet of vehicles located at a service center must serve the demands of a set of customers. The amount delivered by each vehicle cannot exceed its capacity and a customer’s demand may not be split over more than one vehicle. In our model, customers locations, as well as their demands are independent identically distributed. Simchi-Levi and Bramel [10] determined the asymptotic value of the optimal solution in this model. We prove here a sharp rate of convergence to the asymptotic value
Prolonged gonadotropin stimulation is associated with decreased ART success

Purpose To evaluate whether the duration of gonadotropin stimulation predicts the likelihood of live birth after ART.
LAPAROSCOPIC STERILIZATION WITH AN ELASTICATED SILICONS RING

Laparoscopic sterilization utilizing an elastic silicone ring was ev aluated in 155 procedures. Technique-related complications occurred in 12 cases 1 of which required laparotomy. Tubal patency was found in 1 patient though no pregnancies have occurred over a total of 81.25 years of follow-up of the entire group. Abdominal pain was the predominant postoperative side effect though only 3% of the patients complained of pain 3 months after the operation.