cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond the hippocampus: The role of parahippocampal-prefrontal communication in context-modulated behavior.

Abstract Multiple paradigms indicate that the physical environment can influence spontaneous and learned behavior. In rodents, context-dependent behavior is putatively supported by the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe. A preponderance of the literature has targeted the role of the hippocampus. In addition to the hippocampus proper, the medial temporal lobe also comprises parahippocampal areas, including the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices. These parahippocampal areas directly connect with multiple regions in the prefrontal cortex. The function of these connections, however, is not well understood. This article first reviews the involvement of the perirhinal, postrhinal, and prefrontal cortices in context-dependent behavior in rodents. Then, based on functional and anatomical evidence, we suggest that perirhinal and postrhinal contributions to context-dependent behavior go beyond supporting context representation in the hippocampus. Specifically, we propose that the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices act as a contextual-support network that directly provides contextual and spatial information to the prefrontal cortex. In turn, the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices modulate prefrontal input to the hippocampus in the service of context-guided behavior.
Group B streptococcal disease: A one-year review of isolation in a pediatric hospital

A one-year retrospective review was conducted to determine the spectrum and the recovery rate of infection with Group B streptococci (GBS) in infants and children. GBS were found in 94 children, 39% of them below one month of age, who presented with clinical infection. Urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 20 of these children (6 were younger than one month and 17 were females). Twenty-three patients had bacteremia (22 younger than one year and 14 younger than one month), four presented with septic arthritis, and three with meningitis. GBS were also recovered from 14 patients with pharyngitis, six with infected wounds, and three with burns. Five newborns (13.5% of the newborns with GBS) expired; three had perinatal pneumonia, and two had meningitis. The organism was also recovered from 84 females (aged from 5 to 18 years), 73 of whom attended the venereal disease clinic.
Air Conditioning Electronic Control Systems

Car air conditioning systems started with a heating function that used the engine coolant as a heat source. Modern systems have evolved to also include cooling and dehumidification functions. The purpose of recent systems is not simply to cool or heat the vehicle occupants. Mainstream air conditioning systems aim to enhance occupant comfort while saving energy, and their control systems have evolved in line with this role. This chapter describes the basic functions, concepts, and components of general air conditioning control systems. Keywords: car air conditioning; electronic control; comfort; energy saving; temperature sensor; ECU
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients: case report and review of the literature

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important opportunistic pathogen following renal transplantation and is often associated with adverse outcomes. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) is an infrequent manifestation of TB but a potentially lethal one. We present a case of a renal allograft recipient with GITB 18 months after transplant and review other published cases to identify the typical presenting symptoms, risk factors, and natural history. Treatment of GITB is also discussed.
Isometric strength and relative isometric endurance.

Abstract Thirty-six male college students served as subjects in a study that examined the relationship between isometric strength and relative isometric endurance of the right forearm flexor muscles. The percentages of maximum isometric strength used for the endurance tests were 30, 45, 60, and 75. Three equal groups were formed based on the strength level of the subjects, and an analysis of variance test was used to determine the existence of significant differences. Significant negative correlations were found between isometric strength and relative isometric endurance. The weak subjects performed significantly better than the strong subjects on the light weight loads, with no difference existing between the endurance performances on the heavy loads.
Laser Pulsed E-Beam System for High Speed I.C. Testing

There has been much discussion recently on different techniques for non-contact picosecond probing of internal nodes of integrated circuits fabricated on any substrate material/1–3/. All these techniques, however, use an optical probe and as such are limited in spatial resolution to about 1μm which is already large compared to feature sizes in some modern devices and wiring geometries. Electron probe techniques which do not suffer from this disadvantage have been used for many years to test I.C. circuits but have in general been limited by their poor temporal resolution. In this paper we describe a novel type of instrument that combines the advantages of conventional SEM voltage contrast techniques /4/ (including a spatial resolution of order 100A and beam steerability) with an order of magnitude improvement in temporal resolution.
Practical advances in asynchronous design

Recent practical advances in asynchronous circuit and system design have resulted in renewed interest by circuit designers. Asynchronous systems are being viewed as an increasingly viable alternative to globally synchronous system organization. This tutorial will present the current state of the art in asynchronous circuit and system design in three different areas. The first section details asynchronous control systems. The second describes a variety of approaches to asynchronous datapaths. The third section is on asynchronous and self-timed circuits applied to the design of general purpose processors.
Sexual Minority Adolescents

Abstract Most ethical dilemmas confronting professional school counselors (PSCs) do not involve simple solutions. Therefore, to practice ethically, PSCs need to possess and have the ability to articulate their ethical decision-making process with a clear and defendable professional explanation. Specifically, this article details the ethical decision-making process for PSCs working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) adolescents. Additionally, ethical standards and legal statutes relating to counseling LGBT adolescents, ethical decision-making processes, and implications are discussed.
A pattern-based data structure for manipulating meshes with regular regions

Automatically generated or laser-scanned surfaces typically exhibit large clusters with a uniform pattern. To take advantage of the regularity within clusters and still be able to edit without decompression, we developed a two-level data structure that uses an enumeration by orbits and an individually adjustable stencil to flexibly describe connectivity. The structure is concise for storing mesh connectivity; efficient for random access, interactive editing, and recursive refinement; and it is flexible by supporting a large assortment of connectity patterns and subdivision schemes.
Are natural resources cursed ? an investigation of the dynamic effects of resource dependence on institutional quality

This paper examines whether natural resource dependence has a negative influence on various indicators of institutional quality when controlling for the potential effects of other geographic, economic and cultural initial conditions. Analysis of a panel of countries from 1996 to 2010 indicates that a high degree of resource dependence, measured as the share of mineral fuel exports in a country's total exports, is associated with worse government effectiveness, as well as with reduced levels of competition across the economy. Furthermore, estimation of long-run elasticities suggests that government effectiveness and the intensity of domestic competition decrease over time as the dependence on natural resources increases. An illustration of the Russian case shows that the negative effects accumulate in the long run, leading to a worse deterioration of government effectiveness in Russia than in Canada, a country with a comparable resource endowment but far better overall institutional quality. This result is corroborated by a significant negative correlation found between regional resource dependence and an indicator of regulatory capture in Russian regions, which indicates that the regulatory environment is more likely to be subverted in regions that are more dependent on extractive industries. Overall, the findings would be consistent with a situation in which a generally weak institutional environment would allow resource interests to wield the bidding power accruing from export revenues to subvert the content of laws and regulations, as well as their enforcement. The fact that this is associated with negative externalities for the rest of the economy, notably by undermining a level playing field across non-resource sectors, sheds light on a potential channel for the resource curse.
Simplified Colorimetric Determination of Blood Urea Clearance

The urea contents of urine and blood are compared in a colorimeter in such a manner that a single reading gives directly the percentage of average normal renal function in terms of the blood urea clearance.1 The urine is first diluted to such an extent that if the clearance, either standard or maximum, is the average for a normal subject, the urea concentrations in blood and diluted urine will be equal. The urea in both blood and urine is converted into ammonia with urease; proteins and other interfering substances are removed, and the ammonia contents of the 2 filtrates are compared colorimetrically.No standard solutions are required, because the blood is compared directly with the urine.The number of times the urine must be diluted for comparison with the blood is found by reference to the curve of Fig. 1, computed as follows: The average maximum clearance (for urine volumes over 2 cc. per minute) is 75. The maximum clearance is calculated as Cm = UV/B where V is reckoned in cc. of urine per minute, B i...
A Test of a Turnover Intent Model

In a multivariate test of a causal model, age, tenure, supervisory status, organizational commitment, and pay/benefit satisfaction were all negatively related to turnover intent among Midwestern social work employees. Additionally, job satisfaction and work environment variables had indirect effects on turnover intent through organizational commitment.
The Interplay of Language on Executive Functions in Children with ASD.

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and by repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Prior research has revealed executive function (EF) deficits in children with ASD. It has been suggested that these EF impairments are associated with language deficits intrinsic to ASD, specifically the inability to utilize inner speech to regulate non-routine behaviors ( Russell, Jarrold, & Hood, 1999 ). Other studies, however, have found no link between language ability and EF ( Joseph, McGrath, & Tager-Flusberg, 2005 ). The present study seeks to clarify the link between language and EF deficits in children with ASD in a cognitively heterogeneous sample. Four specific domains of EF (Working Memory, Organization, Shift, and Inhibition) were assessed in 62 children with ASD using direct measures (DKEFS, NEPSY, and WISC), and indirect parent/teacher report (BRIEF). Analysis by stepwise regressions showed measures of language skill, nonverbal cognition, and autistic symptom severity to be predictive of several domains of EF. Direct measure of Working Memory (WM) was predicted by structural and pragmatic language ability, direct measure of Organization (O) was predicted by nonverbal cognition, and direct measure of Shift (S) was predicted by nonverbal cognition and autistic symptom severity. Additionally, parent and teacher reports of WM were predicted by structural and pragmatic language skills, respectively. Results are interpreted to demonstrate a mediating effect of language on the WM component of EF when assessed directly or indirectly. Implications for theories linking language skill to EF in the ASD population are discussed, and the observed deficit is compared with findings on EF and language ability in the SLI population.
Perceived benefits in a behavioral-medicine insomnia program: A clinical report

Purpose This clinical replication series assessed the perceived outcome of individuals with chronic insomnia who spontaneously sought treatment at a hospital behavioral-medicine insomnia program. patients and methods : Chronic insomnia patients who were treated with a group multifactor behavioral intervention completed posttreatment (n = 102) and 6-month follow-up (n = 70) questionnaires that assessed improvement. Results All patients reported improved sleep at posttreatment, with the majority (58%, 59) reporting significant improvement. Of sleep medication users, 91% (62/68) either eliminated or reduced medication use. At 6-month follow-up, 90% (63/70) of respondents rated improvement in sleep as either maintained or enhanced. Conclusion These results suggest that patients spontaneously seeking treatment for insomnia, including sleep medication users and those with psychological comorbidity, derive significant benefit from a group multifactor behavioral intervention. Several factors, including maintenance of therapeutic gains at long-term follow-up, the average pretreatment duration of insomnia, previous unsuccessful treatment with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and previous research, argue against nonspecific effects playing a significant role in these results.
Apparent/spurious multifractality of data sampled from fractional Brownian/Lévy motions

Many earth and environmental variables appear to be self-affine (monofractal) or multifractal with spatial (or temporal) increments having exceedance probability tails that decay as powers of − α where 1 < α ≤ 2. The literature considers self-affine and multifractal modes of scaling to be fundamentally different, the first arising from additive and the second from multiplicative random fields or processes. We demonstrate theoretically that data having finite support, sampled across a finite domain from one or several realizations of an additive Gaussian field constituting fractional Brownian motion (fBm) characterized by α = 2, give rise to positive square (or absolute) increments which behave as if the field was multifractal when in fact it is monofractal. Sampling such data from additive fractional Levy motions (fLm) with 1 < α < 2 causes them to exhibit spurious multifractality. Deviations from apparent multifractal behaviour at small and large lags are due to nonzero data support and finite domain size, unrelated to noise or undersampling (the causes cited for such deviations in the literature). Our analysis is based on a formal decomposition of anisotropic fLm (fBm when α = 2) into a continuous hierarchy of statistically independent and homogeneous random fields, or modes, which captures the above behaviour in terms of only E + 3 parameters where E is Euclidean dimension. Although the decomposition is consistent with a hydrologic rationale proposed by Neuman (2003), its mathematical validity is independent of such a rationale. Our results suggest that it may be worth checking how closely would variables considered in the literature to be multifractal (e.g. experimental and simulated turbulent velocities, some simulated porous flow velocities, landscape elevations, rain intensities, river network area and width functions, river flow series, soil water storage and physical properties) fit the simpler monofractal model considered in this paper (such an effort would require paying close attention to the support and sampling window scales of the data). Parsimony would suggest associating variables found to fit both models equally well with the latter. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer program for calculating DRIS indices

Abstract Attention is drawn to the availability of packaged computer programs for calculating nutrient indices for the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) approach to diagnosing nutrient insufficiencies, excesses and imbalances in plant tissue. A brief outline of the subroutines is given together with details of how to obtain and use the programs. The following crops are covered: maize, soybeans, sorghum, potatoes, wheat, rubber, sugarcane, sunflower, alfalfa.
Task force report: sociophysical settings and mental health: opportunities for mental health services planning.

President Kennedy's “bold new approach” remains compelling 15 years after it was first announced. Mental health services at the community level have come a long way since the community mental health center program's establishment in 1963. Mental health manpower, advances in treatment technology, and volumes of service all have grown remarkably; but much still remains to be done to integrate community mental health services into the communities they serve in the planning of human services generally, and particularly in emphasis on preventive care. The National Council of Community Mental Health Centers Environmental Assessment Task Force has two closely related charges in these latter areas. First, to inquire into the “environmental” aspects of mental health at the community level; and, second, to explore environmental perspectives for the establishment of prevention initiatives in the delivery of services. This paper explores that charge by seeking a perspective on environment that traces the intersection of the built environment and social-interpersonal behavior with special attention to the implications for mental well-being. Implications of this perspective for community mental health center roles in community planning are considered, with reference to the establishment of preventive services.
Stimulated emission of cylindrical vector beams from a dye-doped slab waveguide

We demonstrate that radially and azimuthally polarized beams can be generated by emission from a dye-doped optical waveguide. Pumping above population inversion, we observe a simultaneous collapse in energy and momentum of the conical emission.
The Influence of Exogenous Nutrients on the Abundance of Yeasts on the Phylloplane of Turfgrass

Four experiments were conducted to assess the effect of foliar applications of various nutrient solutions on the phylloplane yeast community of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). In the first three experiments, increasing concentrations of sucrose (2–16%), yeast extract (0.5–2.5%), and sucrose plus yeast extract (2.5–18.5% total) were applied and the yeast colony forming units (cfu) enumerated 14 h later by dilution plating. Significant positive linear relationships were observed between the number of yeast cfu and applications of both yeast extract and sucrose plus yeast extract. Foliar applications of sucrose alone had no significant effect on yeast community abundance, indicating that phylloplane yeasts of turfgrass are not limited by the amount or availability of carbohydrates. In the fourth experiment, five different solutions were applied to tall fescue to investigate the response of the yeast community to organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. Tryptone or yeast extract, both with considerable amino acid composition, significantly increased the yeast population, while yeast nitrogen base (with or without amino acids) and ammonium sulfate had no affect on yeast abundance. These results suggest that organic nitrogen stimulate yeast community growth and development on the phylloplane of tall fescue, while carbohydrates, inorganic nitrogen, and non-nitrogenous nutrients have little positive effect.
Modeling of SOI FET for RF switch applications

This paper presents the modeling of an SOI FET for RF switch applications. Given that the HF small-signal predictability, i.e. the insertion loss and the isolation, is a common state of the art, the study focuses on the modeling of the non-linearity of the FET. The non-linearity of an SOI FET switch arises from not just the transistor, but also the SOI substrate through various mechanisms. First the non-linearity is caused by the voltage imbalance, a direct result of the substrate loss, in a switch made of many FETs stacked in series. The voltage imbalance is the main non-linearity contributor to a FET switch at high-power levels. Secondly the substrate itself is non-linear and sets the harmonic floor. Besides the substrate, the impact of other important SOI physics, such as the floating-body effect and the parasitic BJT effect, to the switch linearity will also be discussed. Finally a hybrid model that combines PSP as the FET core and a layout-dependent non-linear SOI substrate model is presented, and excellent non-linearity predictability was demonstrated on a real-life RF switch.
Exactness of supersymmetric WKB spectra for shape-invariant potentials

Potentials which have the property of “shape-invariance” are known to be exactly solvable. For all these potentials, it is proved that the supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) quantization condition (to leading order in ħ) also has the nice property of reproducing the exact bound-state spectra. These results are not modified even if the next higher-order correction in ħ is taken into account.
Direct observation of a hydroperoxide surface intermediate upon visible light-driven water oxidation at an Ir oxide nanocluster catalyst by rapid-scan FT-IR spectroscopy.

A surface hydroperoxide intermediate has been detected upon oxidation of water at an Ir oxide nanocluster catalyst system under pulsed excitation of a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ visible light sensitizer by recording of the OO vibrational mode at 830 cm–1. Rapid-scan FT-IR spectroscopy of colloidal H2O, D2O, and D218O solutions in the attenuated total reflection mode allowed spectral assignment of IrOOH on the basis of an observed D shift of 30 cm–1, and 18O shifts of 24 cm–1 (16O18O) and 46 cm–1 (18O18O). The laser pulse response of the infrared band is consistent with the kinetic relevancy of the intermediate. This is the first observation of a surface intermediate of oxygen evolution at an Ir oxide multielectron catalyst.
Chiral diaminocyclohexane coupling polyphenols: A new class of anticancer agents

A new class of chiral diamine coupled polyphenols, compounds 3–8 were synthesized and tested against breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (HBT-174, NCI-H460) and metastatic cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). The results, based on SRB assay and colony formation assay, indicate that the compounds are selectively cytotoxic towards cancer cell-lines, and particularly towards metastatic cancer cell-lines. Gene expression studies by Real time RT-PCR demonstrated that compound 5 is an efficient regulator of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2) and cell cycle (cyclin D1) related genes. Moreover, compound 5 was evaluated using an isolated ALDH1-positive cell sub-population of metastatic MDA-MB-453 cells. In vitro mammosphere formation assay shows that this compound is highly inhibitory towards mammosphere formation and cell proliferation. These results indicate that the compounds investigated represent a class of effective and selectively toxic anticancer agents.
Characterization of the effects of varying the pH and monomer concentrations of poly(oxyphenylene) insulating films on carbon fiber electrodes

By varying the conditions of an electrodeposition solution containing phenol and 2-allylphenol, thin poly(oxyphenylene) films can be formed. These films have been used to insulate flame-etched carbon fiber electrodes to produce smaller electrode tip diameters. Experiments have been performed to test both the insulating properties and the film thickness of this poly(oxyphenylene) copolymer at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0. The effects of monomer concentration on the polymer insulation integrity and film thickness have also been investigated. These experiments show that a decrease in pH results in thinner insulating films. It is also shown that monomer concentration can be decreased to 12 mM phenol/18 mM 2-allylphenol without causing an appreciable change in the insulating properties of the copolymer film; however, as the concentration is decreased, the pH appears to have less influence on the copolymer thickness.
Type I Oculocutaneous Albinism Associated with a Full-Length Deletion of the Tyrosinase Gene

Type I oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the biosynthesis of melanin is reduced or absent in skin, hair, and eyes because of deficient activity of tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1). Type I oculocutaneous albinism is caused by mutations in the tyrosinase structural gene, TYR; however, no large TYR gene deletions have been identified previously in humans. Here we report a patient with type IB oculocutaneous albinism who is a compound heterozygote for a TYR allele containing a mutation that is likely to affect pre-RNA splicing and a paternally inherited allele in which the TYR gene is completely deleted, the first such allele described to date. Aside from the albinism in the proband, his phenotype and that of his normally pigmented father is otherwise normal, suggesting that this TYR deletion does not involve other functionally important contiguous genes.
Disruptive CSMA with Credit Payback (CP) Protocols for Multi-Radio Network

In this paper, we study a multi-radio network, where at least one station has multi-standard transceivers operated simultaneously. A radio at the multi-radio device can suffer service disruptions due to interference from collocated radios or due to constraints from shared resources. In this paper, we study the impact of temporal disruption on fairness for CSMA-. based network, such as WLAN. We propose a novel credit payback (CP) mechanism to mitigate the impact of such disruptions. Credits are saved during disruptions and used to compensate the lost transmission opportunities of disruptive stations. We study the key parameter? credit payback ratio via theoretical analysis and simulations, considering two specific cases: random and regular. We also propose a local adaptive credit payback algorithm to achieve desired fairness performance without global information. Numerical results from both analytical models and simulations are presented to illustrate several interesting observations and to demonstrate the benefits of our solution.
Functional Genomic Studies of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Host Urothelial Cells when Intracellular Bacterial Communities Are Assembled

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the principal cause of urinary tract infection in women, colonizes the gut as well as the genitourinary tract. Studies of mice inoculated with UTI89, a sequenced isolate, have revealed a complex life cycle that includes formation of intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in bladder urothelial cells. To understand how UPEC adapts to life in IBCs, we have used GeneChips and/or quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR to study UTI89 recovered from the distal gut of gnotobiotic mice and from IBCs harvested by laser capture microdissection from the bladder urothelium of infected C3H/HeJ female mice. Host responses were characterized in laser capture microdissected urothelial cells that do or do not contain IBCs. The results reveal components of ferric iron acquisition systems in UTI89 that are expressed at significantly higher levels in IBCs compared with the intestine, including the hemin receptor chuA (1,390 ± 188-fold). Localized urothelial responses to IBCs help oppose bacterial salvage of host cell iron (e.g. up-regulation of Tfrc (transferrin receptor) and Lcn2 (lipocalin 2)), facilitate glucose import (e.g. Hk2 (hexokinase 2)), and maintain epithelial structural integrity (e.g. Ivl (involucrin) and Sbsn (suprabasin)). ΔchuA mutants produce significantly smaller IBCs compared with wild type UTI89. This difference was not observed in strains lacking sitA (ABC-type iron/manganese transporter subunit), iroN (salmochelin receptor), hlyA (α-hemolysin), or entF (enterobactin synthetase subunit). Together, these studies indicate that heme- and siderophore-associated iron play key roles in IBC development and provide a series of microbial and host biomarkers for comparing UPEC strains isolated from humans.
Morphological changes in pyramidal cells of mammalian neocortex associated with increased use

Abstract After long-term electrical stimulation of the brain, which presumably produced increased neuronal use, histological studies were made of neocortical neurons involved in transcallosal and extracallosal systems. Adult cats with implanted electrodes received 20 trains (2 sec each) of electrical stimulation to the suprasylvian gyrus daily for several weeks. In four cats, brain stimulation was paired with foreleg shock (trained), in two, it was not (untrained). Cortical tissues ipsilateral and contralateral to the stimulated side were prepared with a modified Golgi-Cox method. In cortex contralateral to the stimulated side, apical dendrites of layers II and III pyramidal cells had significantly more branchings in terminal regions, greater lengths, and terminated nearer the pia than they did on the stimulated side. There were also more spines on oblique, vertical, and terminal portions of apical dendrites. Increases in oblique and vertical spine counts appeared to be more related to training than to just brain stimulation. Qualitatively, apical dendritic terminals in contralateral cortex had fine branchings, filamentous bare twigs, especially long spines, convolutions with close packing of spines, acute angles of terminals reflecting from the pia, and a general appearance of increased density of apical dendrites near the pia. The observed changes in neuronal structure described in these experiments are interpreted as evidence that increased use of specific pathways to the cerebral cortex produces postsynaptic growth in some cortical neurons.
Influence of a detergent on the catfish olfactory mucosa

Abstract The olfactory mucosa of the catfish (Ictulurus punctatus) has been briefly exposed to various concentrations of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. At high concentrations (1–4%) the upper layer of cells constituting the sensory and non-sensory areas of the lamellae is extensively damaged and new receptor cells do not appear in significant number before 2 months after treatment. Respiratory cells regenerate first followed by sustentacular and olfactory receptors. The regenerative process is very similar to that described previously after prolonged contact between the mucosa and ZnSO4. Low detergent concentrations 0.03 – 0.1% affect only the sensory area. Olfactory and sustentacular microvilli and cilia, are immediately severed by the chemical. Regeneration occurs within the next 4 days. The cellular membranes appear also to be affected. From anatomical, electrophysiological and biochemical studies both in vivo and in vitro, it can be hypothesized that receptors involved in the transduction process are solubilized by the detergent but reappear at a level corresponding to 50–60% of their original activity within 2 h. Proteins, having an amino acid binding effectiveness correlated to the amino acid electrophysiological activities measured in vivo, can be isolated from the solubilized material. Further studies will be necessary to confirm that some of these molecules are involved in the olfactory transduction mechanism.
Golgi-Cox and rapid golgi methods as applied to autopsied human brain tissue: widely disparate results.

Comparisons were made between the results of applying the Golgi-Cox and rapid Golgi techniques to human brain tissue obtained at autopsy. Adjacent blocks of hippocampal formation and precentral gyrus from nine cases were prepared by the two methods. The cases ranged in age from 39 to 99 years, had postmortem times for sampling ranging from 6 to 28 hours (h) and included cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Without exception, the methods produced very different results. The Golgi-Cox method resulted in impregnation of many neurons with rich dendritic plexuses and normal overall appearance. Occasional cells appeared grossly atrophic with irregular somata and apparent loss of apical and basilar dendritic segments. With the rapid Golgi method, the vast majority of impregnated neurons exhibited such grossly atrophic appearances while few, if any, impregnated neurons had rich dendritic plexuses or were otherwise normal in appearance. Thus, the rapid Golgi method appears to be highly sensitive to postmortem delay or other factors which accompany studies involving human brain tissues obtained at autopsy. The Golgi-Cox method appears to be relatively insensitive to such factors.
Metropolis revisited: the evolving role of librarians in informatics education for the health professions

Objective The authors' goal was to assess changes in the role of librarians in informatics education from 2004 to 2013. This is a follow-up to "Metropolis Redux: The Unique Importance of Library Skills in Informatics," a 2004 survey of informatics programs. Methods An electronic survey was conducted in January 2013 and sent to librarians via the MEDLIB-L email discussion list, the library section of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the Medical Informatics Section of the Medical Library Association, the Information Technology Interest Group of the Association of College and Research Libraries/New England Region, and various library directors across the country. Results Librarians from fifty-five institutions responded to the survey. Of these respondents, thirty-four included librarians in nonlibrary aspects of informatics training. Fifteen institutions have librarians participating in leadership positions in their informatics programs. Compared to the earlier survey, the role of librarians has evolved. Conclusions Librarians possess skills that enable them to participate in informatics programs beyond a narrow library focus. Librarians currently perform significant leadership roles in informatics education. There are opportunities for librarian interdisciplinary collaboration in informatics programs. Implications Informatics is much more than the study of technology. The information skills that librarians bring to the table enrich and broaden the study of informatics in addition to adding value to the library profession itself.
Amygdala Volume Analysis in Female Twins with Major Depression

Background Previous research examining the amygdala volumes in major depressive disorder (MDD) has found conflicting evidence for association. Furthermore, few of these studies have examined differences in individuals with an onset during childhood or adolescence. This study examined amygdala volume and its potential association with early onset major depression. Methods A community-based sample of 47 right-handed young adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs was examined. For 29 twin pairs, one twin per pair had a lifetime history of MDD, while 18 age-matched control twin pairs had no lifetime history of MDD or other Axis I disorder. Core, noncore, and total amygdala volumes were estimated based on a combination of manual tracing, automated segmentation, and expert rater regional boundary definitions. Results No significant differences were found in amygdala volumes between depressed, high-risk, or control subjects. However, analyses comparing control monozygotic twins to randomly created control subject pairs suggest that there are familial, perhaps genetic, influences on core and total amygdala volumes. Conclusions Findings suggest that although there were no significant differences in amygdala volumes between groups, familial factors influence amygdala volumes. Discrepancies between studies measuring amygdala volume in MDD may be due to differences in amygdala boundary definitions.
Characterization of Ligand Effects on Water Activation in Triarylphosphine-Stabilized Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

The synthesis, preparation, and electrochemical characterization of triphenylphosphine triphosphonate (TPPTP) stabilized Pt particles have been reported previously with the observation that the TPPTP ligands increase the specific activity of Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work the ORR activity of the Pt/TPPTP electrocatalyst is probed by analyzing water activation with Pt L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and the EXAFS and Delta XANES analysis techniques. The results are compared with that for similarly prepared Pt/C and Pt stabilized by an oxidized TPPTP ligand (Pt/ox-TPPTP). The Pt particles in the Pt/TPPTP catalyst at 0.54 V (RHE) are complexed via the P (i.e., Pt−P<tp) with about 0.3 ML of TPPTP. Approximately one-half of this converts to a Pt−O−P<tp linkage at 1.0 V; these species exist on the surface along with a dramatically reduced OH coverage. The reduction in OH coverage enhances the surface-specific (ORR) rate relative to the same-sized Pt particles on carbon. The Pt/ox...
Observations on the Development of Human Dignity and Personality in German Constitutional Law: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of the development of the constitutional value of human dignity under German constitutional law. First, it provides a background to the German constitutional order then it places the constitutional value of dignity within the framework of the constitutional court’s jurisprudence on personality rights. It then progresses to an examination of specific cases that have developed personality rights and the importance of the constitutional court’s interpretation of personality and dignity in the personal and outer spheres within the framework of the German legal order. The article concludes with some observations and comparisons between German and American law in this area.
Remote sensing for the identification of coastal plumes: case studies of Delaware Bay

Two Delaware coastal plume events are studied using various remote sensing data. Satellite images obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) are processed and enhanced to identify coastal plumes from Delaware Bay. Both visible band and infrared sensors give similar results in terms of the plume boundary. The gradient images of both types of sensors show the twin-front structure near Cape Henlopen, which is also captured in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. Six consecutive SST images are used to track plume variability due to tidal forcing and the features of the plume front are found to be different between ebb and flood tides. Five consecutive SST images taken during a pronounced upwelling-favourable wind event show the plume widened and separated offshore, while cooler water upwelled onshore of the separated plume.
Imaging in scanning microscopes

Abstract Sampling theory can and should be applied to the scanning microscope. Although this theory is well-known, the basic principles seem to have been ignored. We show here that the magnification and the resolving power of the microscope are closely linked such that for any given resolution (diffraction limit) then there is an optimum magnification. This in turn means that if we wish to use magnification as a variable then the resolving power should also be variable.
Oxidation Behavior of Multiphase Nb-Mo-Si-B Intermetallics

The mixed substitution of Nb and Mo in the ternary systems Mo-Si-B and Nb-Si-B was studied with the goal of balancing oxidation resistance with mechanical behavior. The microstructure and oxidation behavior of six compositions in the Nb-Mo-Si-B system were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and thermogravimetric analysis. Proper selection of the total metal content and the Nb/Mo ratio results in the co-existence of a T1 phase, as (Nb, Mo)5Si3Bx, and a solid solution (Nb,Mo) metal phase. At 800 °C, all compositions exhibited catastrophic oxidation, while changing to a quasi-steady-state mass gain at 1200 °C. The high rate constants at 1200 °C indicate that the scales formed were not passivating. A complex scale consisting of four layers formed that was about 350-to 450-µm thick after oxidation for 50 hours at 1200 °C. Borosilicate glass did form within the scale, but the significant prevalence of Nb2O5 within the glass, and the resulting inability of the glass to seal pores formed by the evaporation of MoO3, contributed to the overall poor oxidation resistance compared to the ternary Mo-Si-B system. The Nb and Mo content of the alloy must be further studied and optimized before these alloys may be considered for further development for hightemperature applications.
Denaturation of an extremely stable hyperthermophilic protein occurs via a dimeric intermediate

To elucidate determinants of thermostability and folding pathways of the intrinsically stable proteins from extremophilic organisms, we are studying beta-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus. Using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, we have characterized the thermostability of beta-glucosidase at 90 degrees C, the lowest temperature where full unfolding is achieved with urea. The chemical denaturation profile reveals that this homotetrameric protein unfolds at 90 degrees C with an overall DeltaG degrees of approximately 20 kcal mol(-1). The high temperatures needed to chemically denature P. furiosus beta-glucosidase and the large DeltaG degrees of unfolding at high temperatures shows this to be one of the most stable proteins yet characterized. Unfolding proceeds via a three-state pathway that includes a stable intermediate species. Stability of the native and intermediate forms is concentration dependent, and we have identified a dimeric assembly intermediate using high temperature native gel electrophoresis. Based on this data, we have developed a model for the denaturation of beta-glucosidase in which the tetramer dissociates to partially folded dimers, followed by the coupled dissociation and denaturation of the dimers to unfolded monomers. The extremely high stability is thus derived from a combination of oligomeric interactions and subunit folding.
Lifetime sexual assault prevalence rates and reporting practices in an emergency department population

Abstract Study Objective: Studies suggest significant rates of female sexual assault (SA); the majority of SAs remain unreported, and few victims receive medical care. The purpose of this study was to determine lifetime prevalence rates of SA in an emergency department population and to assess reporting patterns to police, physicians, and social service agencies. Methods: A verbally administered survey was given to all female patients during 4-hour randomized periods in an urban Level I trauma center. All English-speaking, noncritically ill women who presented during the study period were eligible. Results: Four hundred forty-two women were eligible; 360 (81%) women agreed to participate. The lifetime prevalence rate of SA was 39% (n=139). Ninety-seven women (70%) were older than 15 years at the time of SA. Of these 97 SAs occurring in adulthood, 49 (52%) reported assault by an acquaintance, family member, or friend; 28 (30%) by a stranger; and 17 (18%) by a partner. Forty-five (46%) women reported the crime to the police, 42 (43%) sought medical care, and 23 (25%) contacted a social service agency. Reporting patterns for victims assaulted by a stranger versus those assaulted by a partner were: reported to police 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62 to 95) versus 18% (95% CI 0 to 38); P P P =.63). Conclusion: Lifetime female SA rates in ED populations are significant. Fewer than half of SA victims report the assault to the police or seek medical care. Women assaulted by a partner are significantly less likely to report the SA to police or seek medical care.[Feldhaus KM, Houry D, Kaminsky R. Lifetime sexual assault prevalence rates and reporting practices in an emergency department population. Ann Emerg Med. July 2000;36:2327.]
An end-to-end data system for the Gamma-Ray Observatory

A data system, which includes parts in the orbiting Gamma-Ray Observatory and in its associated ground system, has been designed to rapidly deliver autonomous, packeted data to the science users. Data autonomy means all of the data, including auxiliary data, necessary for processing is included in the data packet that leaves the spacecraft. The data packets leaving the spacecraft remain unopened until they reach the user. Handling the data on a packet rather than a byte level allows simpler and generic software. The data goes through the system more quickly. This in turn reduces cost.
Ischemic colitis in a young adult patient: report of a case.

Failure of the blood supply to the colon may result in variable necrosis of the mucosa and underlying bowel wall, leading to a clinicopathologic complex known as “ischemic colitis.” Although most patients are in the older age groups, young persons, as illustrated in this report, may also be affected. The development of ischemic colitis may occur with or without a history predisposing to colonic ischemia. A specific antecedent disease or hypotensive event is more likely to be present in the younger patient.
Virtual team culture and the amplification of team boundary permeability on performance

The implementation of virtual teams is briskly increasing, particularly among transnational organizations that find global virtual teams a natural way to address their needs for global reach. While proximal and virtual teams share many attributes, including similar performance measures, they differ in characteristics in the nature of the work. This quasi-experimental field study examined virtual team subcultures relative to structure, relationships, and primacy, and the moderation from team boundary permeability on project schedule variance and the number of errors created by the team in a transnational organization. Consequently, recommendations are made for formalization and thinning team boundaries.
Cloning of a chitinase-like cDNA (hs2), its transfer to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and development of brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) disease resistant transgenic lines

Abstract We isolated a cDNA clone ( hs2 ) encoding a chitinase-like protein from a triploid Dutch elm disease resistant American elm ( Ulmus americana NPS-3-487). Amino acid sequence of this chitinase-like protein showed 65–78% homology to other plant chitinases. A plasmid KYLX71-pHS2 was constructed using the hs2 sequence under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and nos terminator. This construct was used to genetically engineer creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) via Biolistic® PDS-100/He system. Plasmid JS101 containing the bar herbicide resistance selectable marker gene regulated by the rice actin 1 (Act1) promoter was used as a selectable co-transformation marker. Transgenic plants were produced with a 21.1% transformation frequency on the basis of bialophos selection. The co-transformation frequency for hs2 was 5.68%. Linked transgenes ( bar and mtld ) were co-integrated with a frequency of 100% as expected and 21.3% of the transgenic plants showed integration of all three genes. Southern blot analysis of transformants showed that the hs2 transgene copy numbers ranged from 1 to 5. Northern blot hybridization confirmed transcription of the transgenes, and western blot determined the HS2 protein expression. No correlation was found between gene copy number and the level of gene expression. Disease resistance profiles of five independent transgenic lines in greenhouse trials revealed that two lines (711 and 9603) were significantly ( P Rhizoctonia solani , the causative agent of brown patch disease.