cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonintellectual Correlates of Satisfaction with Acceleration: A Longitudinal Study.

Two studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between several nonintellectual personal attributes and satisfaction with acceleration among intellectually gifted students. First, two cohorts of gifted students (top 1% in ability and separated in age by five years) who had utilized acceleration during the course of their education were surveyed at age 18 and again at age 23. Overall, no strong relationships were found between satisfaction with acceleration and the nonintellectual factors at either age. Second, similar analyses were conducted for a subgroup of subjects, using the Adjective Check List and the Study of Values. Again, few significant correlations were found; the correlations that were statistically significant were small. These findings indicate that some non-intellectual personal attributes, which are often assumed important to the selection of students for acceleration or to the evaluation of participants in accelerative programs, actually may not be appropriate for these purposes.
Surface shape affects the three-dimensional exploratory movements of nocturnal arboreal snakes

Movement and searching behaviors at diverse spatial scales are important for understanding how animals interact with their environment. Although the shapes of branches and the voids in arboreal habitats seem likely to affect searching behaviors, their influence is poorly understood. To gain insights into how both environmental structure and the attributes of an animal may affect movement and searching, we compared the three-dimensional exploratory movements of snakes in the dark on two simulated arboreal surfaces (disc and horizontal cylinder). Most of the exploratory movements of snakes in the dark were a small fraction of the distances they could reach while bridging gaps in the light. The snakes extended farther away from the edge of the supporting surface at the ends of the cylinder than from the sides of the cylinder or from any direction from the surface of the disc. The exploratory movements were not random, and the surface shape and three-dimensional directions had significant interactive effects on how the movements were structured in time. Thus, the physical capacity for reaching did not limit the area that was explored, but the shape of the supporting surface and the orientation relative to gravity did create biased searching patterns.
Front-End Data Processing Using the Bit-Sliced Microprocessor

A state-of-the-art computing device, based upon the high-speed bit-sliced microprocessor, has been developed into hardware for front-end data processing in both control and experiment applications at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The CAMAC Instrunentation Standard provides the framework for the high-speed halrdware, allowing data acquisition and processing to take place at the data source in a CAMAC crate.
Determining the financial value of implementing lean

Lean is about getting more out of a company's resources, which leads to increased output at slower rates of investment in growing markets or the ability to meet relatively constant or declining demand with fewer resources than otherwise needed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A method for solving the planetary boundary-layer equations

A method for solving the nonlinear three-dimensional steady-state equations which govern planetary boundary layer flow is described. The method is applicable to air motions over terrain with horizontally varying surface roughness, temperature and moisture. It can also be applied to a physical system consisting of the air and the sea (or earth) boundary layers taken together. Examples of calculations for selected cases of terrain variations are presented. Convergence of the method has been assessed by determining the degree to which the solutions satisfy the set of equations.
The argument for unlimited procreative liberty: a feminist critique.

The arguments for an unlimited right to procreate in John Robertsons "Procreative Liberty and the Control of Conception Pregnancy and Childbirth" in "Virginia Law Review" 69 (April 1983); and "Embryos Families and Procreative Liberty: The Legal Structure of the New Reproduction" in "Southern California Law Review" 59 (1986) are looked at from a feminist perspective. The position is mainly based on the importance of procreation for individuals. Emphasis is on the underlying model of procreative liberty and its consequences for understanding reproduction and attitudes to human being in general and children in particular. The courts have taken the position of noninterference in procreative decisions particularly involving married couples. Robertson says that use of technology is acceptable to fulfill a couples "reproductive goals." It is also all right Robertson feels to manipulate the sex of the offspring. The author feels that children are being treated as property when this is done. A contract between parties will decide who the members of the childs family are. Contracts are inadequate the author feels and perpetuate a "dangerous" family model. The contractual view of procreative freedom perpetuates and assumes a traditional patriarchal family model. The model has been "dangerous" for women. One of the defects of the unlimited procreative liberty argument is a tendency to divide means from ends. Robertsons concern with the promotion of the procreative initiators interests is not adequately balanced by a concern for people who will take part as the means to the reproductive goals. We need to pay careful attention to what is being said of personhood reproductive capacities and parent-child relations in arguments for unlimited reproductive freedom. We should be aware of the potential for harm of the new reproductive technologies.
Sorting carbon nanotubes by electronic structure using density differentiation

The heterogeneity of as-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) precludes their widespread application in electronics, optics and sensing. We report on the sorting of carbon nanotubes by diameter, bandgap and electronic type using structure-discriminating surfactants to engineer subtle differences in their buoyant densities. Using the scalable technique of density-gradient ultracentrifugation, we have isolated narrow distributions of SWNTs in which >97% are within a 0.02-nm-diameter range. Furthermore, using competing mixtures of surfactants, we have produced bulk quantities of SWNTs of predominantly a single electronic type. These materials were used to fabricate thin-film electrical devices of networked SWNTs characterized by either metallic or semiconducting behaviour.
Variation in seed dispersal along an elevational gradient in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Seed dispersal by ants is ecologically important and geographically widespread as 20-50% of all herbaceous species in eastern deciduous forests are dispersed by ants, but we know little about how or why such interactions vary geographically. In this paper, we examined variation in seed dispersal by ants along an extensive elevational gradient (256-2025 m) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Specifically, we asked whether variation in ant community composition affected seed removals and seed dispersal distance of Trillium undulatum and Hexastylis arifolia, two common understory herbs found throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains. We also examined variation in myrmecochore abundance, specifically Trillium spp. and H. arifolia, along the same elevational gradient. Measures of ant community and climate variables strongly covaried with elevation, while Trillium species richness and abundance did not. We found that seed removals decreased with elevation, but seed dispersal distance did not depend on elevation. The most impor- tant variables predicting seed removals were average annual temperature and the abundance of Aphaenogaster rudis, both of which varied along the elevational gradient. Seed dispersal by ants did not depend on ant community composition, but was dominated by one species, A. rudis, which occurred at every site and removed the vast majority of all observed seeds in this study. Though the ant fauna in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is diverse, dispersal of T. undulatum and H. arifolia, and likely other myrmecochores, is driven by one ant species, A. rudis.
Genetic design automation

Electronic design automation (EDA) tools have facilitated the design of ever more complex integrated circuits each year. Synthetic biology would also benefit from the development of genetic design automation (GDA) tools. Existing GDA tools require biologists to design genetic circuits at the molecular level, roughly equivalent to designing electronic circuits at the layout level. Analysis of these circuits is also performed at this very low level. This paper presents the background and issues involved in the development of such a GDA tool for modeling, analysis, and design.
Global wellposedness of the 3-D full water wave problem

We consider the problem of global in time existence and uniqueness of solutions of the 3-D infinite depth full water wave problem, in the setting that the interface tends to the horizontal plane, the velocity and acceleration on the interface tend to zero at spatial infinity. We show that the nature of the nonlinearity of the water wave equation is essentially of cubic and higher orders. For any initial interface that is sufficiently small in its steepness and velocity, we show that there exists a unique smooth solution of the full water wave problem for all time, and the solution decays at the rate 1/t.
Multiple epidermal inclusion cysts in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: A case report******

A construction worker with rheumatoid arthritis presented with multiple soft tissue masses on the volar surface of the palm and digits. A misdiagnosis of rheumatoid nodules was made secondary to the patient's history of rheumatoid arthritis. Subsequent excision confirmed multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, which was not entertained in the preoperative differential diagnosis. Follow-up evaluation 3 years later revealed no evidence of local recurrence. Based on our literature review, multiple epidermal inclusion cysts is a rare entity and has not been reported in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
Immunopathologic changes in the thymus during the acute stage of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in juvenile cats.

The feline thymus is a target organ and site of viral replication during the acute stage of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. This was demonstrated by histologic, immunohistologic, flow cytometric, and virologic tests. Thymic lesions developed after 28 days postinoculation (p.i.) and included thymitis, premature cortical involution, and medullary B-cell hyperplasia with germinal center formation and epithelial distortion. Alterations in thymocyte subsets also developed. Fewer CD4+ CD8- cells were detected at 28 days p.i., while an increase in CD4- CD8+ cells resulted in an inversion of the thymic CD4/CD8 ratio of single-positive cells, similar to events in peripheral blood. Provirus was present in all thymocyte subpopulations including cortical CD1(hi), CD1(lo), and B cells. The CD1(hi) thymocyte proviral burden increased markedly after 56 days p.i., coincident with the presence of infiltrating inflammatory cells. Increased levels of provirus in the CD1(lo) thymocyte subpopulation were detected prior to 56 days p.i. This was likely due to inclusion of infected infiltrating inflammatory cells which could not be differentiated from mature, medullary thymocytes. Proviral levels in B cells also increased from 70 days p.i. Morphologic alterations, productive viral infection, and altered thymocyte subpopulations suggest that thymic function is compromised, thus contributing to the inability of FIV-infected cats to replenish the peripheral T-cell pool.
Performance enhancing substances. Effects, regulations, and the pervasive efforts to control doping in Major League Baseball.

It is no secret that athletics are a major part of American society. Amateur and professional sports captivate a large segment of the nation. National and local broadcasting networks spend a great ...
A road map to solid modeling

The objective of solid modeling is to represent, manipulate and reason about the 3D shape of solid physical objects by computer. Such representations should be unambiguous. Solid modeling's major application areas include design, manufacturing, computer vision, graphics and virtual reality. The field draws on diverse sources, including numerical analysis, symbolic algebraic computation, approximation theory, applied mathematics, point set topology, algebraic geometry, computational geometry and databases. In this article, we begin with some mathematical foundations of the field. We next review the major representation schemata of solids. Then, major layers of abstraction in a typical solid modeling system are characterized. The lowest level of abstraction comprises a substratum of basic service algorithms. At an intermediate level of abstraction there are algorithms for larger, more conceptual operations. Finally, a yet higher level of abstraction presents to the user a functional view that is typically targeted towards solid design. We look at some applications and at user interaction concepts. The classical design paradigms of solid modeling concentrated on obtaining one specific final shape. Those paradigms are becoming supplanted by feature-based, constraint-based design paradigms that are oriented more toward the design process and define classes of shape instances. These new paradigms venture into territory that has yet to be explored systematically. Concurrent with this paradigm shift, there is also a shift in the system architecture towards modularized confederations of plug-compatible functional components.
Organizational Determinants of Job Stress

Abstract A model of job stress that focuses on organizational and job-related stress is presented. Job stress is conceived of as a first-level outcome of the organization and job; it is a feeling of discomfort that is separate and distinct from second-level outcomes or consequences of job stress. The second-level outcomes may include varying levels of satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, and performance. A partial test of the model examines relationships between hypothesized stressors and experienced job stress. Survey data obtained from 367 managers of a large restaurant chain were used with the results generally supporting the model. Factor analysis supported the concept that job stress is multidimensional. Two distinct dimensions of job stress were identified: time stress and anxiety. Both job stress dimensions were significantly related to each of the model's five organizational stressor categories, but not all of the independent variables within the categories were significantly related to job stress. Moreover, the specific stressors associated with each dimension of job stress proved to be substantially different.
A high-power, traveling wave tube amplifier

High-power X-band traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTs) have been fabricated and tested. The tubes have gains ranging from 13 to 35 dB at 8.76 GHz and output powers ranging from 3 to 100 MW. The amplifiers are driven by the interaction of a slow space-charge wave, propagating on an electron beam, with an electromagnetic wave supported by the structure. The electron beam, which is produced from a magnetic-field-immersed field-emission cathode, has an energy of 850 keV, a current in the 1-kA range, and a pulse duration of 100 ns. The amplifiers are designed to operate as narrow-band devices in the TM/sub 01/ mode. A report is presented on the amplifier characteristics, and their performance is compared with calculated performance using conventional TWT theory. The scaling of the gain and bandwidth with the beam current are approximately as expected from theory, but the absolute magnitude of the gain is somewhat greater than expected. >
Implications of lipocalin 2 expression in acute myeloid leukemia.

Therapeutic success and prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) largely depend on a variety of patient- and disease-specific characteristics. For over 20 years the recurrent chromos...
Intranasal infusion of clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in two cats.

Case Description—2 cats (13 and 11 years old) were evaluated to determine the cause of nasal discharge of varying duration (4 days and 5 months, respectively). Clinical Findings—Computed tomography revealed marked turbinate destruction and soft tissue densities in the nasal passages. Histologic examination of nasal specimens revealed chronic active inflammation and branching fungal hyphae consistent with Aspergillus spp. Fungal culture of nasal specimens resulted in growth of Aspergillus spp. Testing yielded negative results for antibodies against Aspergillus spp. Treatment and Outcome—Both cats were anesthetized and treated with a 1-hour intranasal infusion of clotrimazole. Recovery from the procedure was uncomplicated, and both cats had complete resolution of clinical signs. Clinical Relevance—Little information is available on the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in cats, and the prognosis for affected animals is considered poor. The procedure for local intranasal infusion of clotrimazole in 2 cats was...
Intraoral basal cell carcinoma

The evaluation and treatment of an intraoral lesion over a period of 8 years is presented. Clinical appearance and course, microscopic findings, and response to treatment were consistent with a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the mucous membrane. Current theories of histogenesis and the biological behavior of basal cell lesions are discussed.
Role of the Cell Surface of Methanosarcina mazei in Cell Aggregation.

Colonial aggregates of Methanosarcina (= Methanococcus) mazei were examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cells are irregular and grouped into multicellular sarcinal colonies, which may disaggregate in older cultures. The protoplast is bounded by a typical trilaminar plasma membrane, outside of which is a matrix of loose fibrils. The presence and compactness of matrix material are responsible for the close packing of cells, and colony disaggregation seems to be the result of matrix shedding and degradation. The cell envelope contains complex hetero polysaccharides of N-acetylgalactosamine and galacturonic and glucuronic acids. Polymers extruded by M. mazei are likely quite adhesive in nature, accounting for its strong adherence to surfaces and hardiness compared with many other methanogens. Images
Regulation of mRNA transport and translation in axons.

Movement of mRNAs into axons occurs by active transport by microtubules through the activity of molecular motor proteins. mRNAs are sequestered into granular-like particles, referred to as transport ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that mediate transport into the axonal compartment. The interaction of mRNA binding proteins with targeted mRNA is a key event in regulating axonal mRNA localization and subsequent localized translation of mRNAs. Several growth-modulating stimuli have been shown to regulate axonal mRNA localization. These do so by activating specific intracellular signaling pathways that converge upon RNA binding proteins and other components of the transport RNP to regulate their activity specifically. Transport can be both positively and negatively regulated by individual stimuli with regard to individual mRNAs. Consequently, there is exquisite specificity for regulating the axon’s composition of mRNAs and proteins that control expression in the axon. Finally, recent studies indicate that axotomy can also trigger changes in axonal mRNA composition by specifically shifting the populations of mRNAs that are transported into distal axons.
The Impact of Postmastectomy and Regional Nodal Radiation after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Clinically Lymph Node Positive Breast Cancer: A National Cancer Database (NCDB) Analysis

BACKGROUND Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the optimal strategies for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) and regional nodal irradiation (RNI) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are controversial. In this analysis, we evaluate the impact of these radiotherapy (RT) approaches for women with clinically node-positive breast cancer treated with NAC in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with cT1-3 cN1 M0 breast cancer treated with NAC were divided into four cohorts by surgery [Mastectomy (Mast) versus BCS] and post-chemotherapy pathologic nodal status (ypN0 versus ypN+). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and RT approaches were analyzed using the log-rank test, multivariate Cox models, and propensity score-matched analyses. RESULTS From 2003 to 2011, 15 315 cases were identified including 3040 Mast-ypN0, 7243 Mast-ypN+, 2070 BCS-ypN0, and 2962 BCS-ypN+ patients. On univariate analysis, PMRT was associated with improved OS for both Mast-ypN0 (P = 0.019) and Mast-ypN+ (P < 0.001) patients. On multivariate analyses adjusted for factors including age, comorbidity score, cT stage, in-breast pathologic complete response, axillary surgery, ypN stage, estrogen receptor status and hormone therapy, PMRT remained independently associated with improved OS among Mast-ypN0 [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.729, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.566-0.939, P = 0.015] and Mast-ypN+ patients (HR = 0.772, 95% CI 0.689-0.866, P < 0.001). No differences in OS were observed with the addition of RNI to breast RT for BCS-ypN0 or BCS-ypN+ patients. Propensity score-matched analyses demonstrated identical patterns of significance. On subset analysis, OS was improved with PMRT in each pathologic nodal subgroup (ypN0, ypN1, and ypN2-3) (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the largest reported analysis of RT for cN1 patients treated with NAC, PMRT was associated with improved OS for all pathologic nodal subgroups. No OS differences were observed with the addition of RNI to breast RT.
General Model of Leadership in Organizations: A Diamond in the Rough

This note presents an 11-element model of leadership that includes the environment, the individual, the followers, the task of the organization, and the relationships among those elements. The note also includes a list of more than 50 leadership references for further reading.
Comparison of fos-like immunoreactivity induced in rat brain by central injection of angiotensin II and carbachol

Rats were given intracerebroventricular injections of either angiotensin II (ANG II) or the cholinomimetic carbachol. Some rats received cotreatment with ANG II antagonists selective for either angiotensin receptor AT1 (losartan) or AT2 (PD-123319, CGP-42112A). One hour later, the rats were killed and the brains processed for immunocytochemical detection of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI). ANG II treatment induced strong FLI in the anterior subfornical organ (SFO), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), and supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (SON, PVH). The AT1 antagonist abolished FLI in all regions normally stimulated by ANG II. The AT2 antagonist PD-123319 reduced FLI in SON and PVH, but CGP-42112A was less effective. Carbachol induced strong FLI in SON, PVH, and MnPO and only moderate FLI in SFO and OVLT. The AT1 antagonist prevented carbachol-induced FLI in the MnPO only. The distributions of FLI are compared between these central dipsogens and with that previously reported after peripheral infusion of ANG II, and their implications for mapping central thirst pathways are discussed.
Relationship between enamel fluorosis severity and fluoride content

Abstract Objectives Enamel fluorosis is a hypomineralization caused by chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride during tooth development. Previous research on the relationship between enamel fluoride content and fluorosis severity has been equivocal. The current study aimed at comparing visually and histologically assessed fluorosis severity with enamel fluoride content. Methods Extracted teeth ( n = 112) were visually examined using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index for fluorosis. Eruption status of each tooth was noted. Teeth were cut into 100 μm slices to assess histological changes with polarized light microscopy. Teeth were categorized as sound, mild, moderate, or severe fluorosis, visually and histologically. They were cut into squares (2 × 2 mm) for the determination of fluoride content (microbiopsy) at depths of 30, 60 and 90 μm from the external surface. Results Erupted teeth with severe fluorosis had significantly greater mean fluoride content at 30, 60 and 90 μm than sound teeth. Unerupted teeth with mild, moderate and severe fluorosis had significantly greater mean fluoride content than sound teeth at 30 μm; unerupted teeth with mild and severe fluorosis had significantly greater mean fluoride content than sound teeth at 60 μm, while only unerupted teeth severe fluorosis had significantly greater mean fluoride content than sound teeth at 90 μm. Conclusions Both erupted and unerupted severely fluorosed teeth presented higher mean enamel fluoride content than sound teeth. Clinical significance Data on fluoride content in enamel will further our understanding of its biological characteristics which play a role in the management of hard tissue diseases and conditions.
Ageism in the Workplace: The Role of Psychosocial Factors in Predicting Job Satisfaction, Commitment, and Engagement

With a worldwide aging population and increasingly youth-centered societies around the world, there are mounting concerns about how perceptions of age and aging may influence the workplace. Using an age diverse national sample of workers (n = 800) from a wide range of occupations and socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States, this study investigated understudied psychosocial factors (age identity, aging anxiety, perceived age discrimination, perceived social support at work, and work centrality) that may buffer or hinder job satisfaction, commitment, and engagement. Identity variables, both age identity and work centrality, as well as perceived social support at work, were found to be positively associated with job satisfaction, commitment, and engagement, while both perceived age discrimination and anxiety about aging were negatively associated with these three job longevity variables. The results suggest that psychosocial factors such as age identity, work centrality, and perceived social support could be targeted to improve job satisfaction, commitment, and engagement, while it would be beneficial for organizational policies to continue to focus on reducing age discrimination as well as reducing anxiety about aging in the workplace.
Transcriptomic Characterization of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) Exposed to Three Climate Change Scenarios.

Climate change substantially affects biodiversity around the world, especially in the Amazon region, which is home to a significant portion of the world’s biodiversity. Freshwater fishes are susceptible to increases in water temperature and variations in the concentrations of dissolved gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the physiological and biochemical abilities of fishes to survive such environmental changes. In the present study, we applied RNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome sequencing to evaluate transcriptome alterations in tambaqui when exposed to five or fifteen days of the B1, A1B and A2 climate scenarios foreseen by the IPCC. The generated ESTs were assembled into 54,206 contigs. Gene ontology analysis and the STRING tool were then used to identify candidate protein domains, genes and gene families potentially responsible for the adaptation of tambaqui to climate changes. After sequencing eight RNA-Seq libraries, 32,512 genes were identified and mapped using the Danio rerio genome as a reference. In total, 236 and 209 genes were differentially expressed at five and fifteen days, respectively, including chaperones, energetic metabolism-related genes, translation initiation factors and ribosomal genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that mitochondrion, protein binding, protein metabolic process, metabolic processes, gene expression, structural constituent of ribosome and translation were the most represented terms. In addition, 1,202 simple sequence repeats were detected, 88 of which qualified for primer design. These results show that cellular response to climate change in tambaqui is complex, involving many genes, and it may be controlled by different cues and transcription/translation regulation mechanisms. The data generated from this study provide a valuable resource for further studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of tambaqui and other closely related teleost species to climate change.
The uterine cervix as a potential local antibody secretor

Many external secretory glands of the body are capable of producing local antibody in the form of secretory IgA in a manner independent of systemic antibody production. To determine whether the uterine cervix could do this, 7 married women of proved fertility were studied to detect the presence of the necessary ingredients for local antibody production. IgA, “T component” (a glycoprotein characteristic of locally produced antibody secretions), and lactoferrin (a protein usually found in association with antibodies in external secretions) were found in the cervical mucus. Frozen sections of the cervical glandular epithelial cells were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antibody to these compounds. Anti-T component and anti-lactoferrin antibodies stained the glandular epithelium of the cervical mucus glands. The necessary ingredients for local antibody production by the cervical glandular epithelium were thus demonstrated and the potential significance of this immune mechanism of the cervix as far as fertility is concerned is briefly discussed.
Origin and control of blinking in quantum dots

Semiconductor nanocrystals offer an enormous diversity of potential device applications, based on their size-tunable photoluminescence, high optical stability and 'bottom-up' chemical approaches to self-assembly. However, the promise of such applications can be seriously limited by photoluminescence intermittency in nanocrystal emission, that is, 'blinking', arising from the escape of either one or both of the photoexcited carriers to the nanocrystal surface. In the first scenario, the remaining nanocrystal charge quenches photoluminescence via non-radiative Auger recombination, whereas for the other, the exciton is thought to be intercepted before thermalization and does not contribute to the photoluminescence. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for nanocrystal blinking kinetics as well as core-shell engineering efforts to control such phenomena. In particular, 'softening' of the core-shell confinement potential strongly suppresses non-radiative Auger processes in charged nanocrystals, with successful non-blinking implementations demonstrated in CdSe-CdS core-thick-shell nanocrystals and their modifications.
Visual assessment of the similarity between a patient and trial population: Is This Clinical Trial Applicable to My Patient?

Background: A critical consideration when applying the results of a clinical trial to a particular patient is the degree of similarity of the patient to the trial population. However, similarity assessment rarely is practical in the clinical setting. Here, we explore means to support similarity assessment by clinicians. Methods: A scale chart was developed to represent the distribution of reported clinical and demographic characteristics of clinical trial participant populations. Constructed for an individual patient, the scale chart shows the patient’s similarity to the study populations in a graphical manner. A pilot test case was conducted using case vignettes assessed by clinicians. Two pairs of clinical trials were used, each addressing a similar clinical question. Scale charts were manually constructed for each simulated patient. Clinicians were asked to estimate the degree of similarity of each patient to the populations of a pair of trials. Assessors relied on either the scale chart, a summary table (aligning characteristics of 2 trial populations), or original trial reports. Assessment time and between-assessor agreement were compared. Population characteristics considered important by assessors were recorded. Results: Six assessors evaluated 6 cases each. Using a visual scale chart, agreement between physicians was higher and the time required for similarity assessment was comparable Conclusion: We suggest that further research is warranted to explore visual tools facilitating the choice of the most applicable clinical trial to a specific patient. Automating patient and trial population characteristics extraction is key to support this effort.
Implementing and Assessing Use-Driven Acquisitions: A Practical Guide for Librarians

The paradigm for library acquisitions and collection development has shifted from a subjective “just-in-case” model to an evidence-based “just-in-time” one. All libraries must be open to this shift and examine how use-driven acquisitions (UDAs) can improve their collections and their usage, and all-important patron satisfaction. Whether or not your library is currently using a UDA model or looking to implement one, librarians will find this excellent work a worthy and necessary guide that can be read sequentially or can be used as a reference for edification on specific aspects of UDAs.
Thaksin the Populist

To evaluate the accuracy of the populist label applied to former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra by both political opponents and past scholarly observers. We distinguish more colloquial uses of the term that refer to a leader’s policies or political strategies and instead turn to an ideational definition of populism. We then use content analysis, an empirical methodology used extensively in cross-national work on populism, to identify populist discourse in Thaksin’s speeches across his two terms. We find that Thaksin has very low levels of populism in his first, but that this jumps to just below the middle of the scale in his second term. We then compare Thaksin’s discourse to various other leaders from around the world. His trajectory is most similar to that of Recep Erdogan of Turkey, and we compare the two leaders to highlight both the similarities and differences in policies, ideology, and authoritarian tendencies in order to emphasize the populist parts of their leadership as a distinct concept. Using an ideational approach and a systematic empirical strategy, we are able to divorce our evaluation of Thaksin’s populism from normative agendas and colloquial uses, which enables us to better understand Thaksin’s leadership tenure.
Development of soil moisture profiles through coupled microwave–thermal infrared observations in the southeastern United States

Abstract. The principle of maximum entropy (POME) can be used to develop vertical soil moisture (SM) profiles. The minimal inputs required by the POME model make it an excellent choice for remote sensing applications. Two of the major input requirements of the POME model are the surface boundary condition and profile-mean moisture content. Microwave-based SM estimates from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) can supply the surface boundary condition whereas thermal infrared-based moisture estimated from the Atmospheric Land EXchange Inverse (ALEXI) surface energy balance model can provide the mean moisture condition. A disaggregation approach was followed to downscale coarse-resolution ( ∼25 km) microwave SM estimates to match the finer resolution ( ∼5 km) thermal data. The study was conducted over multiple years (2006–2010) in the southeastern US. Disaggregated soil moisture estimates along with the developed profiles were compared with the Noah land surface model (LSM), as well as in situ measurements from 10 Natural Resource Conservation Services (NRCS) Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) sites spatially distributed within the study region. The overall disaggregation results at the SCAN sites indicated that in most cases disaggregation improved the temporal correlations with unbiased root mean square differences (ubRMSD) in the range of 0.01–0.09 m 3 m −3 . The profile results at SCAN sites showed a mean bias of 0.03 and 0.05 (m 3 m −3 ); ubRMSD of 0.05 and 0.06 (m 3 m −3 ); and correlation coefficient of 0.44 and 0.48 against SCAN observations and Noah LSM, respectively. Correlations were generally highest in agricultural areas where values in the 0.6–0.7 range were achieved.
Time series models of decadal trends in the harmful algal species Karlodinium veneficum in Chesapeake Bay.

Abstract The harmful dinoflagellate, Karlodnium veneficum, has been implicated in fish-kill and other toxic, harmful algal bloom (HAB) events in waters worldwide. Blooms of K. veneficum are known to be related to coastal nutrient enrichment but the relationship is complex because this HAB taxon relies not only on dissolved nutrients but also particulate prey, both of which have also changed over time. Here, applying cross-correlations of climate-related physical factors, nutrients and prey, with abundance of K. veneficum over a 10-year (2002–2011) period, a synthesis of the interactive effects of multiple factors on this species was developed for Chesapeake Bay, where blooms of the HAB have been increasing. Significant upward trends in the time series of K. veneficum were observed in the mesohaline stations of the Bay, but not in oligohaline tributary stations. For the mesohaline regions, riverine sources of nutrients with seasonal lags, together with particulate prey with zero lag, explained 15%–46% of the variation in the K. veneficum time series. For the oligohaline regions, nutrients and particulate prey generally showed significant decreasing trends with time, likely a reflection of nutrient reduction efforts. A conceptual model of mid-Bay blooms is presented, in which K. veneficum, derived from the oceanic end member of the Bay, may experience enhanced growth if it encounters prey originating from the tributaries with different patterns of nutrient loading and which are enriched in nitrogen. For all correlation models developed herein, prey abundance was a primary factor in predicting K. veneficum abundance.
Finite element simulation of self-heated pavement under different mechanical and thermal loading conditions

Aiming to overcome the hazards associated with icy roads, a new technique to de-ice pavement surfaces is proposed in this paper. The idea of this technique is to bury small-diameter heat exchange l...
Down Regulation of Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer

Changes in gene expression alter the tumorigenic potentialities of cancer cells either by increasing their oncogenec potential (oncogenes) or by decreasing it (tumor suppressor genes, here called TSGs) (1). The identification of oncogenes has been based on positive selection for loss of growth control, and has led to the recovery of numerous candidates, principally retroviral oncogenes, but the identification of TSGs based on negative selection has been meager. The need for positive selection schemes to identify TSGs has been a problem of outstanding importance in the molecular genetic analysis of cancer.
Academic performance and delinquent and aggressive behaviors among children with substance using mothers

Abstract The present study examined the longitudinal trajectory of academic performance and associated ecological correlates among children with substance using mothers. The promotive effects of academic performance in ameliorating delinquent and aggressive behaviors were also examined. The sample consisted of 183 children (Mage = 11.5; SD = 2.6; 48% female) whose mothers sought outpatient treatment through a local substance use treatment facility in the United States. Participants were assessed using a battery of self-assessments questionnaires querying academic performance, delinquent and aggressive behaviors, parenting behaviors, peer relationships and coping. A group-based trajectory analysis revealed three distinct trajectory groups of academic performance: high-, medium-, and low- performing groups, and higher levels of academic performance were associated with lower levels of delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Findings also showed that mother’s support for child’s psychological autonomy and child’s task-oriented coping were positively associated with child’s academic performance, implicating crucial intervention targets to improve academic performance of children with substance using mothers.
Spatiotemporal processing of neural cell adhesion molecules 1 and 2 by BACE1 in vivo

Neural cell adhesion molecules 1 (NCAM1) and 2 (NCAM2) belong to the cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have been shown to regulate formation, maturation, and maintenance of synapses. NCAM1 and NCAM2 undergo proteolysis, but the identity of all the proteases involved and how proteolysis is used to regulate their functions are not known. We report here that NCAM1 and NCAM2 are BACE1 substrates in vivo. NCAM1 and NCAM2 overexpressed in HEK cells were both cleaved by metalloproteinases or BACE1, and NCAM2 was also processed by γ-secretase. We identified the BACE1 cleavage site of NCAM1 (at Glu 671) and NCAM2 (at Glu 663) using mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Next, we assessed BACE1-mediated processing of NCAM1 and NCAM2 in the mouse brain during aging. NCAM1 and NCAM2 were cleaved in the olfactory bulb of BACE1+/+ but not BACE1−/− mice at postnatal day 10 (P10), 4 and 12 months of age. In the hippocampus, a BACE1-specific soluble fragment of NCAM1 (sNCAM1β) was only detected at P10. However, we observed an accumulation of full-length NCAM1 in hippocampal synaptosomes in 4-month-old BACE1−/− mice. We also found that polysialylated NCAM1 (PSA-NCAM1) levels were increased in BACE1−/− mice at P10 and demonstrated that BACE1 cleaves both NCAM1 and PSA-NCAM1 in vitro. In contrast, we did not find evidence for BACE1-dependent NCAM2 processing in the hippocampus at any age analyzed. In summary, our data demonstrate that BACE1 differentially processes NCAM1 and NCAM2 depending on the region of brain, subcellular localization, and age in vivo.
The Association of Sleep Apnea and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-Term Major Cardiovascular Events.

Abstract Objective To determine the risk of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) when sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) co-occur. Methods We included consecutive patients who underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010, followed by first-time diagnostic polysomnography within 6 months. Patients were stratified based on the presence of moderate-to-severe SDB (apnea/hypopnea index ≥15 per hour) and decreased CRF defined as Results Of 498 included patients (60±13 years, 28.1% female), 175 (35%) had MACE (MI=17, PCI=14, CABG=13, stroke=20, TIA=12, deaths=99) at a median follow-up of 8.7 years (interquartile range=6.5 to 10.3 years). After adjusting for age, sex, beta blockers, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, and use of positive airway pressure (PAP), decreased CRF alone (hazard ratio [HR]=1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 3.18; P=.01), but not SDB alone (HR=1.26, 95% CI, 0.75 to 2.13, P=.39) was associated with increased risk of MACE. Those with SDB and decreased CRF had greater risk of MACE compared with patients with decreased CRF alone (HR=1.85; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.84; P Conclusion The incidence of MACE, especially mortality, was high in this sample. Moderate-to-severe SDB with concurrent decreased CRF was associated with higher risk of MACE than decreased CRF alone. These results highlight the importance of possibly including CRF in the risk assessment of patients with SDB and, conversely, that of screening for SDB in patients with low peak VO2.
16.2 eDRAM-CIM: Compute-In-Memory Design with Reconfigurable Embedded-Dynamic-Memory Array Realizing Adaptive Data Converters and Charge-Domain Computing

The unprecedented growth in deep neural networks (DNN) size has led to massive amounts of data movement from off-chip memory to on-chip processing cores in modern machine learning (ML) accelerators. Compute-in-memory (CIM) designs performing analog DNN computations within a memory array, along with peripheral mixed-signal circuits, are being explored to mitigate this memory-wall bottleneck: consisting of memory latency and energy overhead. Embedded-dynamic random-access memory (eDRAM) [1], [2], which integrates the 1T1C (T=Transistor, C=Capacitor) DRAM bitcell monolithically along with high-performance logic transistors and interconnects, can enable custom CIM designs. It offers the densest embedded bitcell, a low pJ/bit access energy, a low soft error rate, high-endurance, high-performance, and high-bandwidth: all desired attributes for ML accelerators. In addition, the intrinsic charge sharing operation during a dynamic memory access can be used effectively to perform analog CIM computations: by reconfiguring existing eDRAM columns as charge domain circuits, thus, greatly minimizing peripheral circuit area and power overhead. Configuring a part of eDRAM as a CIM engine (for data conversion, DNN computations, and weight storage) and retaining the remaining part as a regular memory (for inputs, gradients during training, and non-CIM workload data) can help to meet the layer/kernel dependent variable storage needs during a DNN inference/training step. Thus, the high cost/bit of eDRAM can be amortized by repurposing part of existing large capacity, level-4 eDRAM caches [7] in high-end microprocessors, into large-scale CIM engines.
Stress fields for a three-phase spherical inclusion problem

In this paper, a systematic approach is presented to obtain the stress fields in a linear elastic body where a spherical inclusion surrounded by a spherical annulus is embedded in an unbounded matrix phase. The entire body is subject to far-field uniform strain. A formulation is carried out for the hydrostatic part and the deviatoric part of the far field strain separately. The obtained formula for the stress field is in closed form, which is new.
A First-Order Phase Transition Between a Compact Denatured State and a Random Coil State in Staphylococcal Nuclease

It is well established that many small, globular proteins undergo a two-state unfolding transition that is closely similar to first-order phase transitions in macroscopic systems. In such transitions the protein exists in just two detectable states, native and denatured, separated by an eneregy barrier; all the intermediate states are unstable and only transiently populated. The two-state model has been extraordinarily successful in accounting for the equilibrium denaturation behavior of proteins. However, tantalizing suggestions have appeared that this model is insufficient. Experimental evidence for residual structure in the denatured state has been accumulating for many years. Recently, for instance, changes in the amount and type of residual structure in large fragments of staphylococccal nuclease (nuclease) have been observed upon mutation or varying solvent conditions (Shortle & Meeker, 1989). Acid denatured nuclease also appears to have residual structure (Nakano & Fink, 1990). The importance and relevance of these observations to the stability and structure of nuclease, and of proteins in general, has been subject to question.