cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validation of the quick test for intelligence screening of the elderly.

The composite Quick Test (Forms 1, 2, 3) and full WAIS were administered to 50 elderly Ss aged 60 to 100 yr. The purpose of this study was to validate the Quick Test for use with the elderly in order to determine whether the Quick Test could be satisfactorily substituted for the WAIS when intellectual screening is required for the elderly. For this sample, the WAIS Verbal IQ was higher than the Performance IQ in 84% of the cases. Correlation coefficients between the Quick Test and the WAIS Vocabulary, Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQs ranged between .71 and .95 (p < .001). These results strongly recommend the use of the Quick Test as a brief screening test to measure general intelligence in the elderly, particularly when administration of lengthy IQ tests is impractical or inefficient.
New Bounds on the Rate-Distortion Function of a Binary Markov Source

This paper addresses the problem of bounding the rate-distortion function of a binary symmetric Markov source. We derive a sequence of upper and lower bounds on the rate- distortion function of such sources. The bounds are indexed by k, which corresponds to the dimension of the optimization problem involved. We obtain an explicit bound on the difference between the derived upper and lower bounds as a function of k. This allows to identify the value of k that suffices to compute the rate distortion function to a given desired accuracy. In addition to these bounds, a tighter lower bound which is also a function of k is derived. Our numerical results show that the new bounds improve on the Berger's upper and lower bounds even with small values of k.
Dynamic energy budget theory and population ecology: lessons from Daphnia.

Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory offers a perspective on population ecology whose starting point is energy utilization by, and homeostasis within, individual organisms. It is natural to ask what it adds to the existing large body of individual-based ecological theory. We approach this question pragmatically—through detailed study of the individual physiology and population dynamics of the zooplankter Daphnia and its algal food. Standard DEB theory uses several state variables to characterize the state of an individual organism, thereby making the transition to population dynamics technically challenging, while ecologists demand maximally simple models that can be used in multi-scale modelling. We demonstrate that simpler representations of individual bioenergetics with a single state variable (size), and two life stages (juveniles and adults), contain sufficient detail on mass and energy budgets to yield good fits to data on growth, maturation and reproduction of individual Daphnia in response to food availability. The same simple representations of bioenergetics describe some features of Daphnia mortality, including enhanced mortality at low food that is not explicitly incorporated in the standard DEB model. Size-structured, population models incorporating this additional mortality component resolve some long-standing questions on stability and population cycles in Daphnia. We conclude that a bioenergetic model serving solely as a ‘regression’ connecting organismal performance to the history of its environment can rest on simpler representations than those of standard DEB. But there are associated costs with such pragmatism, notably loss of connection to theory describing interspecific variation in physiological rates. The latter is an important issue, as the type of detailed study reported here can only be performed for a handful of species.
Coronary artery disease risk among obese metabolically healthy young men.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess coronary artery disease (CAD) risk among obese young men without metabolic risk factors. DESIGN A longitudinal study in a historical cohort. METHODS Incident CAD during a median follow-up of 6.1 years was assessed among 31,684 young men (mean age 31.2 ± 5.7 years) of the Metabolic, Lifestyle and Nutrition Assessment in Young Adults (MELANY) cohort. Participants were categorized by BMI and the number of metabolic abnormalities (based on the Adult Treatment Panel-III). Metabolically healthy (MH) obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) in the presence of normal blood pressure (BP) and normal levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels (n = 599; 1.9%). Cox proportional hazard models were applied. RESULTS There were 198 new cases of CAD that were diagnosed during 209,971 person-years of follow-up, of which six cases occurred among MH obese. The incidence of CAD among MH lean, overweight, and obese participants was 0.23, 0.45, and 1.0/1000 person-years respectively. In a multivariable model adjusted for clinical and biochemical CAD risk factors, a higher CAD risk was observed among MH-obese (hazard ratio = 3.08; 95% CI = 1.10-8.68, P = 0.033), compared to MH-normal weight subjects. This risk persisted when BMI was treated as a time-dependent variable, or when fasting glucose, HDL-c, triglycerides, or BP were added to the model. Similar results were also obtained when a more permissive definition of MH was used. CONCLUSIONS Obesity may continue to contribute to increased risk for incident CAD in young men even in the presence of a healthy metabolic profile.
The Emergence of Pigment Cell Biology: A Personal View

This is a semi-autobiographical coverage of my research career in pigment cell biology presented in the context of the emergence and growth of the discipline. This anecdotal presentation tells about some historical personages in the field. My undergraduate studies at the University of Rochester are related to my graduate work at the University of Iowa. I tell how my dissertation research was derived from a marriage between my interests in experimental embryology and the new field of comparative endocrinology. My early years of research at Iowa and as a young faculty member in Zoology at the University of Arizona were much concerned with the evolution of our knowledge of the chemistry and biology of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), especially concerning the pigment cells of lower vertebrates. Our developmental, structural, functional, and biochemical characterization of vertebrate chromatophores is described, as is our elucidation of the dermal chromatophore unit. The direct effects of light on changes in pigmentation are considered in descriptions of both the tail-darkening reaction and the role of the pineal gland in melanophore control. Emphasis is placed on the developmental biology of pigmentation, especially on the concept that all pigment cells are derived in common from a stem cell of neural-crest origin, whose expression is influenced by factors, such as melanization-inhibiting factor (MIF), localized in specific areas of the skin to thus produce specific pigmentation patterns. This research is considered in light of what is known about the agouti locus and MSH in the expression of mammalian pigmentation patterns. Part of my work has included ecological considerations, and some of this is touched upon. My role as founder of the journal 'Pigment Cell Research', is presented briefly, as is my involvement in the XIIIth International Pigment Cell Conference and in the establishment of both the International Pigment Cell Society and the International Federation of Pigment Cell Societies. Finally, I comment on the future of research in pigmentation.
The limits of branding: the World Trade Center, fiscal crisis and the marketing of recovery

This article investigates the branding of New York's World Trade Center, and the city itself, as both financial center and entertainment destination between the 1960s and 1990s. After addressing the symbolic as well as material damage caused by the terrorist attacks of September 11th, the article traces the history behind the towers' design and ultimate use in marketing. It first examines the early motivations behind the project, and the forces leading to its controversial construction in the 1960s–70s. Then, in the wake of the city's 1975 fiscal crisis, the Twin Towers and Downtown skyline were branded through campaigns like ‘I ♡ NY’ to represent a resurgent, global New York. With the recession of 1989–92, and the scaling back of public-sector marketing, this new brand was used by a host of private-sector media and marketing firms then establishing global headquarters in New York. In the current period, the site of the towers, and the city as a whole, are being ‘re-branded’ as a patriotic destination. Building on content analysis and archival research, the article critically analyzes how such marketing became central to New York City's overall economic development strategy. Cet article etudie la strategie de marque qui a etiquete le World Trade Center de New York et la ville elle-mame, en tant que centre financier et destination de loisirs des annees 1960 a 1990. Apres avoir traite les prejudices symboliques et materiels lies aux attaques terroristes du 11 septembre, l'article retrace l'histoire de la conception des tours et leur extrame utilisation en marketing. Il examine d'abord les premieres motivations du projet et les forces qui ont conduita sa construction controversee dans les annees 1960–70. Suite a la crise fiscale de la ville en 1975, les Tours jumelles et la silhouette des immeubles du centre ont ensuite ete choisies dans le cadre de campagnes comme ‘I ♡ NY’ (J'aime New York) afin de representer un New York ressuscite et mondialise. Apres la recession de 1989–92, et la reduction du marketing public, cette nouvelle ‘etiquette’ a servi a une foule d'entreprises privees de medias et marketing qui ont alors installe leur siege international a New York. Actuellement, le site des tours, et la ville dans son ensemble, sont en train d'atre ‘re-etiquetes’ comme destination patriotique. A partir d'une analyse de contenu et de recherches d'archives, l'article scrute la facon dont ce marketing est devenu essentiel a la strategie de developpement economique globale de la ville de New York.
Peripheral Opioid Modulation of Visceral Paina

Opioids are widely and successfully used for control of pain, including pain arising from the viscera. Constipating, sedating, respiratory depressant and other effects of opioids, however, often limit their long-term use in the treatment of a variety of visceral pain states. Accordingly, understanding visceral pain mechanisms and its modulation is important to developing improved strategies for pain control.
A dense 45nm half-differential SRAM with lower minimum operating voltage

We present a 45nm half-differential 6T SRAM (HD-SRAM) with differential write and single-ended read, enabling asymmetric sizing and VTH selection. The HD-SRAM bitcell uses SRAM physical design rules to achieve the same area as a commercial differential 6T SRAM (D-SRAM). We record measurements from 80 32kb SRAM arrays. HD-SRAM is 18% lower energy and 14% lower leakage than D-SRAM. It has a 72mV-lower V MIN , demonstrating higher stability.
The Epidemiology of Vascular Dysfunction Relating to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Emphysema

Cor pulmonale has long been described in very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. Cross-sectional results from population-based studies show that left ventricular filling and a variety of vascular measures in the systemic circulation are abnormal in preclinical COPD and emphysema and that a predominant vascular change in COPD and emphysema is endothelial and microvascular dysfunction. These findings suggest that pulmonary vascular changes may occur early in COPD and emphysema and might contribute to pathogenesis. However, longitudinal epidemiologic studies with direct measures of the pulmonary vasculature are lacking; therefore, inferences are limited at present. New imaging-based approaches to the assessment of the pulmonary vasculature are applicable to epidemiologic studies and may help in defining the relationship of pulmonary vascular damage to progression of COPD and emphysema. These measures may also provide imaging-based surrogate markers, and novel therapeutics targeted to the pulmonary vasculature might reduce symptoms and improve function in these common diseases.
White Luminescence from Multiple‐Dye‐Doped Electrospun DNA Nanofibers by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

A DNA spin-off: Electrospinning of DNA complexes gives nanofibers with a highly ordered morphology that allows homogeneous distribution of encapsulated multiple chromophores. The emission color can be controlled by suitable choice of the donor-acceptor pair and the doping ratio. Pure white-light emission from nanofibers is demonstrated (see picture).
Markov chain model in maximum-likelihood sequence detection for free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels

In free-space optical communication links using intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), atmospheric turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations can significantly impair link performance. Communication techniques can be applied to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations (i.e., signal fading) in the regime in which the receiver aperture D/sub 0/ is smaller than the fading correlation length d/sub 0/ and the observation interval T/sub 0/ is smaller than the fading correlation time /spl tau//sub 0/. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, but at the cost of high computational complexity. We introduce a single-step Markov chain (SMC) model for the fading correlation and use it to derive two low-complexity, suboptimal MLSD algorithms based on per-survivor processing (PSP). Simulations are presented to verify the SMC model and the performance improvement achieved using these suboptimal per-survivor processing (PSP) algorithms.
Water resources perspective: The Hydrotech Club of Portland

For over 25 years, Portland, Oregon, has been a center for hydrologic, meteorologic, hydraulic, electric power, and water resources planning activities in the Pacific Northwest. This circumstance can be attributed in part to the functioning of the Water Management, Hydrology, and Power Planning subcommittees of the Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee, which was superseded by the Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission in 1967. Furthermore, in Portland there are important offices of the Corps of Engineers, the National Weather Service, the Geological Survey, the Bonneville Power Administration, the Soil Conservation Service, the Forest Service, the state of Oregon, and private utilities, such as the Northwest Natural Gas Company, the Pacific Power and Light Company, the Portland General Electric Company, and the Leupold and Stevens Company (a manufacturer of hydrologic instruments).
Breast-Feeding in Immigrant Women: The Role of Social Support and Acculturation:

This study assessed the influence of social support and acculturation on breast-feeding in 962 low-income immigrant women in New York Women completed a questionnaire during their postpartum visit. ...
On unavoidable digraphs in orientations of graphs

Let G be a graph, and let D be a directed graph. Write G D to mean that, no matter how the edges of G are given orientations, a copy of D must appear as a subgraph of the resulting oriented graph. It is proved that among all G for which G D, the minimum chromatic number is equal to the minimum k for which Kk hom(D), where hom(D) is the set of homomorphs of D. Next, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a directed graph to have a homomorphism into a given transitive tournament, directed path, or directed cycle. These results are then applied to various cases of the above theorem. In particular, the minimum chromatic number is evaluated whenever D is an oriented forest, and all D are characterized for which the minimum chromatic number is no more than three.
Do Heating Oil Prices Adjust Asymmetrically To Changes In Crude Oil Prices

This study investigated if there is an asymmetric relationships between heating oil and crude oil futures price changes for maturities of one to four months. The study finds that heating oil and crude oil futures price series of one-month to four month maturities are threshold cointegrated. The study also shows that heating oil and crude oil futures prices adjust "Asymmetrically" for deviation from equilibrium. At shorter maturities (one and two month contracts) heating oil and crude oil prices adjust faster for positive deviation from threshold equilibrium. In contrast, for longer maturities (three and four month contracts) heating oil and crude oil prices adjust faster for negative deviation from equilibrium. Finally, this study finds that only heating oil prices adjust to clear deviations from long-run equilibrium relationship.
A Formal Foundation for ODRL

ODRL is a popular XML-based language for stating the conditions under which resources can be accessed legitimately. The language is described in English and, as a result, agreements written in ODRL are open to interpretation. To address this problem, we propose a formal semantics for a representative fragment of the language. We use this semantics to determine precisely when a permission is implied by a set of ODRL statements and show that answering such questions is a decidable NP-hard problem. Finally, we define a tractable fragment of ODRL that is also fairly expressive.
Empowering Latino Families: Effects of a Culturally Responsive Intervention for Low-Income Immigrant Latino Parents on Children's Behaviors and Parental Stress.

This randomized, controlled study examined the effectiveness of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) in school settings with 48 low-income Latino immigrant parents whose children were identified with behavioral concerns. Results from a 2 (group) × 2 (measures) split plot analysis of variance indicated that parents who participated in 11 weeks of CPRT reported statistically significant decreases (p < .001) in child behavior problems and parent–child relationship stress. Large treatment effects were demonstrated for all dependent variables. Clinical significance of findings and cultural considerations are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity and Expression Is Associated with Aryl Hydrocarbon Resistance in Vitro *

The mutagenic effect of environmental carcinogens has been well documented in animal models and in human studies but the mechanisms involved in preventing carcinogen insult have not been fully elucidated. In this study we examined the molecular and biochemical changes associated with carcinogen resistance in a series of aryl hydrocarbon-resistant MCF-7 cell lines developed by exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BP). The cell lines were designated as AHR40, AHR100, and AHR200 to denote their increasing fold resistance to BP compared with wild type cells. These cell lines were also resistant to another aryl hydrocarbon (AH), dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, but not to pleiotropic drugs (doxorubicin, vinblastine, and taxol). The resistant cell lines showed an increase in the level of the primary intracellular antioxidant, reduced glutathione, corresponding to increasing AH resistance. However, there was no change in glutathione reductase activity. The generation of reduced glutathione requires NADPH, and we therefore examined the activity and expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in NADPH production, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). An increase in G6PD specific activity was associated with increasing aryl hydrocarbon resistance. This was due to an increased expression of G6PD in resistant cells, which was demonstrated by increases in both protein and mRNA levels. However, there was no increase in the transcription rate of G6PD in the resistant cell lines, indicating that the increase G6PD expression is due to a post-transcriptional modulation, which was confirmed by actinomycin D chase experiments. These results demonstrate that modulation of G6PD expression and activity is an important mechanism in AH resistance.
Distributed Indexing and Data Dissemination in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Many data dissemination techniques have been proposed for wireless sensor networks to facilitate data dissemination and query processing. However, these techniques may not work well in a large scale sensor network where a huge amount of sensing data are generated. In this paper, we propose an integrated distributed Connected dominating set Based Indexing (CBI) data dissemination scheme to support scalable handling of large amount of sensing data in large scale wireless sensor networks. Our CBI can minimize the use of limited network and computational resources while providing timely responses to queries. Moreover, our data dissemination framework ensures scalability and load balance. Analysis and simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our CBI scheme. The results show that the CBI scheme outperforms the external storage-based scheme, local storage-based scheme and the datacentric storage-based scheme in overall performance.
A Feature based on Encoding the Relative Position of a Point in the Character for Online Handwritten Character Recognition

Feature extraction is a very important step in the process of character recognition. The features extracted from the character should encode the local, global and the structural characteristics of the character shape. In this paper we propose a new feature for recognition of online handwritten characters called the star feature. The star feature encodes the local, global and structural characteristics of a character. The star feature describes every point of the character, in terms of its relative position with respect to the other points in the character. We have evaluated the performance of the star feature on IRONOFF data set and IWFHR-06 Tamil competition data set. The experimental results show that the star feature achieves high accuracy on both the data sets.
Human tooth wear, tooth function and cultural variability.

Among primitive peoples dental attrition appears to be a natural phenomenon. Often the degrees and kinds of tooth wear vary from population to population. This variability is possibly related to certain material aspects of culture such as diet, food preparation techniques and tool usage. In order to learn more about these relationships, extensive cross cultural comparisons must be made. This paper reports on a study of dental attrition among skeletal remains of North American Indians from three areas: California, the Southwest and the Valley of Mexico. A method of comparing worn teeth of these populations was devised so several characteristics of the teeth and supporting bone could be examined by population. This study showed significant differences in type and degree of wear among the three groups as well as differences between sexes within each population. A positive correlation between tooth wear and cultural factors was found. Dietary specialization and division of labor appear to be responsible for the degree and type of wear found in this sample. Further studies of this type are planned to expand the sample size and, if the new data support these correlations, valuable information about human–environmental relationships can be gained.
A neural network technique to improve computational efficiency of numerical oceanic models

A new generic approach to improve computational efficiency of certain processes in numerical environmental models is formulated. This approach is based on the application of neural network (NN) techniques. It can be used to accelerate the calculations and improve the accuracy of the parameterizations of several types of physical processes which generally require computations involving complex mathematical expressions, including differential and integral equations, rules, restrictions and highly nonlinear empirical relations based on physical or statistical models. It is shown that, from a mathematical point of view, such parameterizations can usually be considered as continuous mappings (continuous dependencies between two vectors). It is also shown that NNs are a generic tool for fast and accurate approximation of continuous mappings and, therefore, can be used to replace primary parameterization algorithms. In addition to fast and accurate approximation of the primary parameterization, NN also provides the entire Jacobian for very little computation cost. Three successful particular applications of the NN approach are presented here: (1) a NN approximation of the UNESCO equation of state of the seawater (density of the seawater); (2) an inversion of this equation (salinity of the seawater); and (3) a NN approximation for the nonlinear wave–wave interaction. The first application has been implemented in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction multi-scale oceanic forecast system, and the second one is being developed for wind wave models. The NN approach introduced in this paper can provide numerically efficient solutions to a wide range of problems in environmental numerical models where lengthy, complicated calculations, which describe physical processes, must be repeated frequently. � 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Comparison of Demand-Side Water Management Strategies Using Disaggregate Data:

Using data from Salt Lake City, Utah, for the years 1999-2002, a water demand model was developed, and the effects of price and nonprice public policies estimated. The demand for water is found to be price inelastic except in summer months. The effects of a public information campaign to reduce water use were also estimated and found to be moderately effective. The household level panel data used in this study give more accurate estimates of these elasticities than found in previous research.
Directed Covering with Block Size 5 and Index Odd

Abstract A directed covering design, DC(v, k, λ), is a (v, k, 2λ) covering design in which the blocks are regarded as ordered k-tuples and in which each ordered pair of elements occurs in at least λ blocks. Let DE(v, k, λ) denote the minimum number of blocks in a DC(v, k, λ). In this paper the values of the function DC(v, 5, λ) are determined for all even integers v ≥ 5 and λ odd.
Functions and regulation of the multitasking FANCM family of DNA motor proteins

Members of the conserved FANCM family of DNA motor proteins play key roles in genome maintenance processes. FANCM supports genome duplication and repair under different circumstances and also functions in the ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint. Some of these roles are shared among lower eukaryotic family members. Human FANCM has been linked to Fanconi anemia, a syndrome characterized by cancer predisposition, developmental disorder, and bone marrow failure. Recent studies on human FANCM and its orthologs from other organisms have provided insights into their biological functions, regulation, and collaboration with other genome maintenance factors. This review summarizes the progress made, with the goal of providing an integrated view of the functions and regulation of these enzymes in humans and model organisms and how they advance our understanding of genome maintenance processes.
Vasectomy by section, luminal fulguration and fascial interposition: results from 6248 cases.

The objective was to determine the incidence of complications including recanalization in a series of 6248 consecutive vasectomies performed with a section-fulguration-fascial interposition technique. Over a 38-year period 6248 vasectomies were performed by one surgeon (S.S.S.) as a clinic procedure under local anesthesia with no resection of a vasal segment. The mucosa of the cut ends of the vas was destroyed by cauterization and the fascial sheath of the vas was interposed as a barrier. Semen specimens were examined until two specimens one month apart showed no sperm. Complications were minimal with few cases of hematoma or wound infection. Spermatic granulomas were uncommon. No post-vasectomy pregnancies were reported and no patient showed a persistence of sperm. The section-fulguration-fascial interposition technique of vasectomy was uniformly effective with few post-operative problems. (authors)
Oscillation regularization

We measure the degree of oscillation of a sampled function f by the number of its local extrema. The greater this number, the more oscillatory and complex f becomes. In signal denoising, we want a restored function g that is simple and fits the data f well. We propose to model this by a global optimization, coined oscillation regularization, that reduces both the data fitting error and the number of local extrema of g: equation where err(f, g) measures the discrepancy between f and g and λ is a regularization parameter. To the best of our knowledge, the number of local extrema of g is a topological prior that is rarely exploited in the literature of regularization.
Developmental origin of lung macrophage diversity

Macrophages are specialized phagocytic cells, present in all tissues, which engulf and digest pathogens, infected and dying cells, and debris, and can recruit and regulate other immune cells and the inflammatory response and aid in tissue repair. Macrophage subpopulations play distinct roles in these processes and in disease, and are typically recognized by differences in marker expression, immune function, or tissue of residency. Although macrophage subpopulations in the brain have been found to have distinct developmental origins, the extent to which development contributes to macrophage diversity between tissues and within tissues is not well understood. Here, we investigate the development and maintenance of mouse lung macrophages by marker expression patterns, genetic lineage tracing and parabiosis. We show that macrophages populate the lung in three developmental waves, each giving rise to a distinct lineage. These lineages express different markers, reside in different locations, renew in different ways, and show little or no interconversion. Thus, development contributes significantly to lung macrophage diversity and targets each lineage to a different anatomical domain.
Building a Civil Society: associations, Public Life and the Origins of Modern Italy

The focus of Building a Civil Society is the Veneto, the territories that remained under Habsburg administration until Italy’s third war of independence in 1866, in particular the cities of Padua a...
The Coupling of Multi-Phase Flow Models

This paper provides an overview of some recent developments that were motivated by the unsteady interfacial coupling of existing codes. We describe the framework and the basic ideas first, which mainly rely on the use of a father model. Next we list the main achievements in this domain, and focus then on the interfacial coupling of a three-field model with a two-fluid two-phase flow model. Some numerical results are shown, and we eventually try to point out the main results and give some perspectives for further work.
Crystal and molecular structure of [(C6H5)3Sb]3CuCl·CHC13

The X-ray crystallographic structure determination of [(C6H5)3Sb]3 Cu(I)Cl·CHC13 reveals that the compound crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP¯1 witha=18.827(3),b=14.279(3),c=14.399(3) A,α=84.43,β=87.39(2), andγ=75.18(1)°,V=2734.7(9) A3,Z=2. Least-squares refinement based on 4689 independent observed data [(F obs)2≥3σ(F obs)2], resulted in a finalR value of 0.064. The cocrystallized solvent molecules were highly disordered. The coordination about Cu(I) of three Sb(C6H5)3 molecules and one Cl ligand is approximately tetrahedral. The Cu-Cl distance, 2.235(5) A, is extremely short in comparison to previously reported Cu-Cl distances in four-coordinate Cu(I) complexes. In keeping with the short Cu-Cl distance are very long Cu-Sb distances, av. 2.554(5) A.
Acid and glucose-6-phosphatase activity of pancreatic B cells after cortisone and sulfonylureas.

SummaryGlucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and acid phosphatase (Ac-Pase) activities have been followed histochemically in hyperfunctioning rabbit pancreatic B cells in cortisone diabetes and after administration of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas. Cortisone diabetic rabbit pancreas with B cell degranulation and glycogenic vacuolization of ductules and B cells showed no definite changes in B cell Ac-Pase or G-6-Pase activity. Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas administered over period adequate to degranulate B cells, seemed to diminish their G-6-Pase content without effecting Ac-Pase. Although B cell degranulation was, in each of these instances, indicative of increased insulin output, lack of alteration of histochemically demonstrable B cell Ac-Pase activity was not considered to be at variance with the view that this enzyme may be important for insulin synthesis. Inhibition of B cell G-6-Pase activity by chronic sulfonylurea administration could be the mechanism of pancreatic action of these drugs. However, the alterna...
Mesothelioma patients with germline BAP1 mutations have 7-fold improved long-term survival

BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) mutations cause a new cancer syndrome, with a high rate of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Here, we tested the hypothesis that MM associated with germline BAP1 mutations has a better prognosis compared with sporadic MM. We compared survival among germline BAP1 mutation MM patients with that of all MM (N = 10 556) recorded in the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1973 to 2010. We identified 23 MM patients—11 alive—with germline BAP1 mutations and available data on survival. Ten patients had peritoneal MM, ten pleural MM and three MM in both locations. Thirteen patients had one or more malignancies in addition to MM. Actuarial median survival for the MM patients with germline BAP1 mutations was 5 years, as compared with <1 year for the median survival in the United States SEER MM group. Five-year survival was 47%, 95% confidence interval (24–67%), as compared with 6.7% (6.2–7.3%) in the control SEER group. Analysis of the pooled cohort of germline BAP1 mutation MM showed that patients with peritoneal MM (median survival of 10 years, P = 0.0571), or with a second malignancy in addition to MM (median survival of 10 years, P = 0.0716), survived for a longer time compared with patients who only had pleural MM, or MM patients without a second malignancy, respectively. In conclusion, we found that MM patients with germline BAP1 mutations have an overall 7-fold increased long-term survival, independently of sex and age. Appropriate genetic counseling and clinical management should be considered for MM patients who are also BAP1 mutation carriers.
The Efficacy of Yoga as an Intervention for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is common and has a tremendous economic impact. With the prevalence and incidence of low back pain (LBP) on the rise, individuals often seek alternative treatments. Yog...
The visual pigment system ofXenopus laevis: Tadpoles and adults

Abstract The extraction procedure revealed that the retinal pigment system of Xenopus laevis , an entirely aquatic anuran, is not constant throughout its life cycle. The larvae have both porphyropsin and rhodopsin but the adult is characterized by a system wholly or predominantly porphyropsin. This implies that Xenopus metamorphosis, unlike that of certain other anurans, is accompanied by a changeover from an A 1 - to an A 2 -pigment. For an entirely aquatic anuran, this is contrary to expectations based on the nature of the habitat. The explanation may lie, not in its present mode of life, but in its past history i.e. Xenopus , though aquatic now, may have origins from a terrestrial ancestor. Rhodopsin may be just a vestigial indicator of past events rather than an adaptation to a present mode of life.
The Integration of ‘Bottom-up’ Approaches to the Analysis of Race Talk for the Future of Discourse Analytic Research

Current understandings of racism and race talk within discourse analytic traditions have largely focused on the discursive construction and perpetuation of dominance, prejudice, and racism within majority and privileged groups. Although minorities are often the objects of these studies, these research traditions have not extensively studied the language of race talk in minority groups. This article aims to integrate ‘bottom-up’ approaches of minority and marginalized groups' discourses to discursive psychological and critical discourse analysis theory and research on race talk. The paper begins with a short review of the current discourse analytic frameworks utilized in the analysis of race talk. Next, the paper outlines several ‘bottom-up’ research examples and concludes by offering several important insights. It is argued that the absence of minority discourses runs the danger of reproducing and reinforcing the very things discourse analysis aims to uncover and problematize. The main conclusion of this paper is that the insights from the ‘bottom-up’ point to the necessity of broader theorizing around the discursive construction of race talk.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials to Evaluate Cochlear Implant Candidacy in an Ear With Long-standing Hearing Loss: A Case Report.

Objectives:We describe a novel use of cortical auditory evoked potentials in the preoperative workup to determine ear candidacy for cochlear implantation.Methods:A 71-year-old male was evaluated wh...
Conclusion: Humanistic Study in a Time of Nightmare Economics

I’m sure that somewhere right now someone is penning a study which will revolutionize, say, the field of Henry James studies. This is well and good, but in an era of such deep gathering political economic crisis, as the world drifts farther and farther into a new status quo in which the elect enjoy hitherto unimagined forms of opulence while more and more millions of people struggle to meet their basic material subsistence needs and participatory democracy fades into the realm of dim memory, scholars in the humanities need to engage in some concerted vocational soul searching. While I could never agree with any abrogation of the rights of colleagues to pursue what they take to be a path of apolitical scholarly disinterest, for myself, I find that I can’t turn as a scholar from this epochal crisis and live — to repurpose a line from Derek Walcott.
Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species

Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species Fernando E. Vega. Richard W. Hofstetter (eds.) 2015; 640 pages Elsevier/Academic Press, London, UK ISBN: 978-0-124-17156-5 ![Graphic][1] Bark beetles exhibit incredible diversity and complexity in their behavior, ecology, and population dynamics. The vast majority of the 6,000-plus extant species colonize dead or dying host plants, and are important nutrient recyclers. Only about 1% of species attack and kill healthy hosts, but several of these are among the most destructive tree pests on a global and regional scale. Considering the diversity and ecological success of bark beetles, it appears that their transition, some 90–120 million years ago, from “life in the green” to “life under bark” was a beneficial lifestyle change. Other key innovations in this group include symbioses with microbes, social behavior, and unusual reproductive strategies. In Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species , 33 authors contributed their expertise, resulting in the first detailed and thorough synthesis of the biology, ecology, phylogeny, and management of bark beetles from a global perspective. Despite the multi-author format, continuity among writing styles makes the book seamless to read and the 15 chapters … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
An Optimal Sample Data Usage Strategy to Minimize Overfitting and Underfitting Effects in Regression Tree Models Based on Remotely-Sensed Data

Regression tree models have been widely used for remote sensing-based ecosystem mapping. Improper use of the sample data (model training and testing data) may cause overfitting and underfitting effects in the model. The goal of this study is to develop an optimal sampling data usage strategy for any dataset and identify an appropriate number of rules in the regression tree model that will improve its accuracy and robustness. Landsat 8 data and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-scaled Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to develop regression tree models. A Python procedure was designed to generate random replications of model parameter options across a range of model development data sizes and rule number constraints. The mean absolute difference (MAD) between the predicted and actual NDVI (scaled NDVI, value from 0–200) and its variability across the different randomized replications were calculated to assess the accuracy and stability of the models. In our case study, a six-rule regression tree model developed from 80% of the sample data had the lowest MAD (MADtraining = 2.5 and MADtesting = 2.4), which was suggested as the optimal model. This study demonstrates how the training data and rule number selections impact model accuracy and provides important guidance for future remote-sensing-based ecosystem modeling.
A Pilot Study for Linking Adolescent Patients to an Interactive Tobacco Prevention Program

Context:The American Academy of Pediatrics and professional guidelines recommend intervening with adolescents about avoiding tobacco use in the health-care setting. Barriers in the clinical setting limit consistent provision of this critical service.Objectives:This pilot study compared 2 approaches for referring adolescents to an evidence-based tobacco prevention and cessation program in the outpatient setting. Secondary aims assessed tobacco use, knowledge, and program evaluation.Design, Setting, and Participants:The study setting was a medical and dental clinic. Participants aged 13 to 18 received tobacco advice and instructions to work through “A Smoking Prevention Interactive Experience.” The program addresses health concerns of adolescents about tobacco use and is founded on behavioral change theories. The link to access it is featured on the website of the National Cancer Institute’s Research-Tested Interventions. Participants (N = 197) were randomized to 1 of 2 approaches (ie, a program link via e-...
Thoracic Imaging of Solid Tumor Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors harness the patient’s own immune system to fight cancer. They are now approved for treating a number of solid malignancies, with more agents and indications expected in the coming months and years. Because of their unique mechanism of action, these agents may lead to unusual imaging appearances. Rare patients may experience pseudoprogression, whereby tumors may initially increase in size or number despite response to therapy. Many patients will experience autoimmune side effects including pneumonitis, which may lead to respiratory compromise and will necessitate cessation of therapy. Occasionally pneumonitis or a sarcoid-like reaction can mimic metastatic disease. It is imperative that radiologists be aware of these unusual imaging manifestations in patients on immunotherapy so that they are able to assist oncologists in appropriately treating these patients. In particular, we urge caution in interpreting new or enlarging lesions, since these may not always mean progression of disease. Additionally, radiologists should look out for potential immune-related side effects of these therapies.
Abstract 3180: Preclinical validation of EZH2 as a therapeutic target in pediatric Ewing's sarcoma

Disease-free survival in relapsed Ewing9s Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT) has not improved over the past 25 years. Current standard-of-care (SOC) agents result in 70% survival in patients with localized ESFT; however, for relapsed patients the survival rates remain between 15-20%. Approximately 85% of ESFTs have the chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12) which encodes for the oncogenic EWS/FL1 fusion protein. The EWS/FL1 functions as a potent transcription factor leading to the dysregulated expression of genes that promote and maintain tumorigenesis. A major epigenetic regulator that is a downstream target of EWS/FL1 is the enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2). EZH2 is the catalytic component of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2). Notably, it is overexpressed in ESFT and maintains tumor oncogenicity by tri-methylating histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) to modulate gene expression. Genome and transcriptome data obtained by the Pediatric Precision Genomics Program at Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health (IUH) indicate that EZH2 is expressed at high levels in ESFT biopsies. Additionally, other groups have reported that high levels of EZH2 protein in ESFT and other cancers correlate with increased chemoresistance to SOC therapy. We are testing tested the hypothesis that EZH2 contributes to chemoresistance in ESFT by regulating critical growth and survival genes. In addition, we are investigating if pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 will enhance sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of SOC agents. Pediatric primary and relapsed ESFT cell lines and ESFT xenografts were validated for the EWS/FLI, EZH2, and H3K27me3 signatures. In vitro- and in vivo-pharmacodynamic studies of EZH2 inhibition via tazemetostat were conducted to optimize dosing effect. In ESFT cell lines (TC71, A673, CHLA-9, and CHLA-10), tazemetostat dose-response experiments indicated a significant reduction of H3K27me3 by one day post-treatment which was either sustained or completely blocked by 7-days post-treatment compared to vehicle treated (p Citation Format: Pankita H. Pandya, Barbara Bailey, Adily E. Elmi, Heather R. Bates, Courtney N. Hemenway, Anthony L. Sinn, Khadijeh Bijangi-Vishehsaraei, M. Reza Saadatzadeh, Harlan E. Shannon, Jixin Ding, Mark S. Marshall, Michael J. Ferguson, Lijun Cheng, Lang Li, Mary E. Murray, Jamie L. Renbarger, Karen E. Pollok. Preclinical validation of EZH2 as a therapeutic target in pediatric Ewing9s sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3180.