cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ARGON LASER RETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION: INSTRUMENTATION AND GENERAL TECHNIQUES

Currently there are five commercially available argon laser photocoagulators for use in ophthalmology. All are manufactured by the following companies in the United States : Britt Electronic Products Corp., 2944 Nebraska Ave., Santa Monica, California. Coherent Radiation, 932 East Meadow Drive, Palo Alto, California 94303. Lynex Incorporated, 3726 Lonsdale Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45227.
Erythropoietin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage by diminishing matrix metalloproteinases and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity in mice

The protective mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) after brain injury is associated with the attenuation of neuro-inflammation. We hypothesize that rhEPO treatment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) modulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, maintains BBB integrity, and reduces BBB breakdown-associated inflammation. Adult male 129S2/sv mice were subjected to autologous whole blood-induced ICH. rhEPO or saline was administered intraperitoneally immediately after surgery and for 3 more days until day of sacrifice. BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue leakage, and edema was assessed by brain water content. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to detect expression of tight junction marker occludin, type IV collagen, MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein, rhEPO prevented Evans blue leakage, reduced brain edema, and preserved expression of occludin and collagen IV. rhEPO treatment decreased MMP-2 expression, increased TIMP-2 expression, and reduced the number of reactive astrocytes in the brain compared to saline control. We conclude that rhEPO reduces MMP activity, BBB disruption, and the glial cell inflammatory reaction 3 days after ICH. Our study provides additional evidence for the mechanism of rhEPO's neurovascular protective effects and a potential clinical application in the treatment of ICH.
A search procedure for perfect information games of chance: its formulation and analysis

An algorithm is developed for searching the trees of "perfect information" games involving chance events. Many dice games (e.g. backgammon, craps, and monopoly and similar board games), and some card games (e.g. casino blackjack), have this property. For depth 3 trees, empirical observation reveals a search reduction of more than 50 percent, while closed-form analysis reveals a best-case complexity of O(N**2). This represents a substantial savings over the O(N**3) behavior of the "obvious" search strategy.
Phase I Trials of Ormaplatin (NSC 363812)

Tetrachloro(d,l-trans)1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum (IV), ormaplatin (OP), NSC 363812, formerly called tetraplatin, is a second generation platinum (IV) compound which has been evaluated in clinical trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in collaboration with Upjohn. Interest in this group of compounds was stimulated by structure-activity studies by Burchenal et al.,(1) which suggested that platinum compounds containing the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) carrier ligand retained activity in vitro and in vivo against L1210 and P388 murine leukemia cell lines with acquired resistance to cisplatin. In addition, in preclinical antitumor testing, OP demonstrated broad spectrum activity comparable to or superior to cisplatin (CDDP) against a variety of murine and human tumor models (2,3) however, its activity in other models was variable and against a screening panel of 16 human ovarian cancer cell lines was disappointing (4).
The role of semantic information in children’s word reading: Does meaning affect readers’ ability to say polysyllabic words aloud?

In an effort to improve oral reading, beginning and remedial reading programs in English focus on phonological awareness skills and recoding with grapheme–phoneme correspondences. The meanings of the words children practice reading aloud are given little emphasis. Some studies now suggest semantic knowledge may have a direct effect on children’s oral reading, but it is unclear whether it is due to knowledge of a given word, general semantic knowledge (vocabulary size), or morphological awareness. We asked third and fourth graders with reading difficulty and their typically achieving peers (N = 95) to read polysyllabic words (N = 48) in isolation. We tested children’s semantic knowledge for those specific words, general semantic knowledge (vocabulary size), morphological awareness, and orthographic and phonological knowledge. Using generalized linear mixed-effects models, we found a word-specific semantic effect—along with word-specific orthographic and phonological effects—and general effects of semantic knowledge, morphological awareness, and phonological awareness. The results add to the studies showing the importance of semantic information but is unique in clarifying that a general semantic effect may be at least partly morphological. The findings support a distributed processing account of reading acquisition in which readers use all reliable information to pronounce words, not only letter–sound consistencies. There may be implications for curriculum design. The word-specific semantic effect may suggest that beginning readers should practice reading words in their phonological lexicons. The general morphological effect suggests that children might benefit from learning morphological units early in their reading development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Effects of deictic framing and defusion on the development of self-as-context in individuals with disabilities

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a brief protocol based on Relational Frame Theory (RFT) that consisted of a defusion exercise in combination with perspective-taking interactions. The protocol was designed to alter verbal statements about the self by training deictic frames (i.e., I-YOU, HERE-THERE, and NOW-THEN) and presenting a defusion exercise. A pre-post design with a control group was implemented to evaluate the effects of the protocol on the rate of self-as-context and self-as-content statements. Individuals with disabilities served as participants and were assigned to each group based on the rate of self-as-content statements. Participants in the treatment group received the brief protocol, while participants in the control group engaged in a conversation about social skills. Following, participants completed an interview aimed to identify deictic relationships and negative statements about the self. Results demonstrated a significant effect in reducing the number of self-as-content statements and increasing the number of self-as-context statements for participants in the treatment group. Limitations of the current study are discussed, and future research is recommended.
Active Sleep Promotes Coherent Oscillatory Activity in the Cortico-Hippocampal System of Infant Rats.

Active sleep (AS) provides a unique developmental context for synchronizing neural activity within and between cortical and subcortical structures. In week-old rats, sensory feedback from myoclonic twitches, the phasic motor activity that characterizes AS, promotes coherent theta oscillations (4-8 Hz) in the hippocampus and red nucleus, a midbrain motor structure. Sensory feedback from twitches also triggers rhythmic activity in sensorimotor cortex in the form of spindle bursts, which are brief oscillatory events composed of rhythmic components in the theta, alpha/beta (8-20 Hz), and beta2 (20-30 Hz) bands. Here we ask whether one or more of these spindle-burst components are communicated from sensorimotor cortex to hippocampus. By recording simultaneously from whisker barrel cortex and dorsal hippocampus in 8-day-old rats, we show that AS, but not other behavioral states, promotes cortico-hippocampal coherence specifically in the beta2 band. By cutting the infraorbital nerve to prevent the conveyance of sensory feedback from whisker twitches, cortical-hippocampal beta2 coherence during AS was substantially reduced. These results demonstrate the necessity of sensory input, particularly during AS, for coordinating rhythmic activity between these two developing forebrain structures.
Learning Curve of Robotic Rives-Stoppa Ventral Hernia Repair: A Cumulative Sum Analysis.

Background: Robotic Rives-Stoppa ventral hernia repair (rRS-VHR) is a minimally invasive technique that incorporates extraperitoneal mesh placement, using either transabdominal or totally extraperi...
“I see your punitive measure and I raise you a person-centered bar”: Supervisory Strategies to Promote Adoption of Person-Centered Care

Person-centered care remains a high priority within community mental health services. Clinical supervision is an embedded resource for professional development and promotion of high quality care. This study examined supervisory strategies during the implementation of person-centered care planning (PCCP) across two northeastern US States. A criterion sample of supervisor-provider teams participated in qualitative interviews (N = 34) and direct observation from 2016 to 2017. Modified grounded theory analyses were conducted and three supervisory strategies were identified. Supervisory attunement to providers (knowing their audience), active collaborative engagement with providers (practicing together), and infusing reminders and opportunities for feedback (chipping away) were critical strategies to engage providers in adopting PCCP. These strategies changed providers’ practice patterns by improving supervisors’ calibration to dynamic contextual and individual needs during implementation and communicating supervisors’ expectations of PCCP enactment. Workplace-based clinical supervision holds promise as a key intervention point to embed high quality care.
Ride Substitution Using Electric Bike Sharing: Feasibility, Cost, and Carbon Analysis

While ride-sharing has emerged as a popular form of transportation in urban areas due to its on-demand convenience, it has become a major contributor to carbon emissions, with recent studies suggesting it is 47% more carbon-intensive than personal car trips. In this paper, we examine the feasibility, costs, and carbon benefits of using electric bike-sharing---a low carbon form of ride-sharing---as a potential substitute for shorter ride-sharing trips, with the overall goal of greening the ride-sharing ecosystem. Using public datasets from New York City, our analysis shows that nearly half of the taxi and rideshare trips in New York are shorts trips of less than 3.5km, and that biking is actually faster than using a car for ultra-short trips of 2km or less. We analyze the cost and carbon benefits of different levels of ride substitution under various scenarios. We find that the additional bikes required to satisfy increased demand from ride substitution increases sub-linearly and results in 6.6% carbon emission reduction for 10% taxi ride substitution. Moreover, this reduction can be achieved through a hybrid mix that requires only a quarter of the bikes to be electric bikes, which reduces system costs. We also find that expanding bike-share systems to new areas that lack bike-share coverage requires additional investments due to the need for new bike stations and bike capacity to satisfy demand but also provides substantial carbon emission reductions. Finally, frequent station repositioning can reduce the number of bikes needed in the system by up to a third for a minimal increase in carbon emissions of 2% from the trucks required to perform repositioning, providing an interesting tradeoff between capital costs and carbon emissions.
Pemphigus vulgaris successfully treated with ocrelizumab following rituximab allergy.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder primarily treated with immunosuppressive agents. Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is widely used as first-line therapy for PV.1 Anti-CD20 agents, associated biosimilars, and other B-cell depleting agents have also been reported to effectively treat PV.2,3 Ocrelizumab, a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has not been studied in PV. We describe a case of refractory PV successfully treated with ocrelizumab.
A Look Back at Bioethics: William L. Meadow, 1948-2019.

William L. Meadow, MD, PhD, died at the age of 70 years on Saturday, September 14, 2019. Meadow was a consummate neonatologist, a devoted teacher, a great soccer coach, an accomplished a cappella singer, and an iconoclastic bioethicist. He pioneered the use of empirical research on neonatal outcomes and prognostication to ground the ethical analysis of decisions to withhold life-sustaining treatment from critically ill neonates. His work helped change the way neonatologists thought about and justified decisions to both initiate life support and withdraw it. When he began his work in bioethics, the prevailing wisdom was that decisions should be made in the delivery room using information that was available either prenatally or immediately upon birth. This approach informed many national policies about neonatal resuscitation. Those policies focused on predictors such as birthweight, gestational age, and Apgar scores. Meadow’s work showed that such approaches are objectionably inaccurate and, in many cases, would lead to withholding life support from neonates who might ultimately do well. His first study in this decades-long project simply looked at survival rates for infants of different birthweights in 2 cohorts. The first cohort included all live births. The second included only those neonates who were still alive at 72 hours of age. He showed that, by 72 hours of age, birthweight was no longer a predictor of survival. In fact, neonates born at 500 g who survived for 3 days had an …
SAT-Geo: A social sensing based content-only approach to geolocating abnormal traffic events using syntax-based probabilistic learning

Abstract Social sensing has become an emerging and pervasive sensing paradigm to collect timely observations of the physical world from human sensors. In this paper, we study the problem of geolocating abnormal traffic events using social sensing. Our goal is to infer the location (i.e., geographical coordinates) of the abnormal traffic events by exploring the location entities from the content of social media posts. Two critical challenges exist in solving our problem: (i) how to accurately identify the location entities related to the abnormal traffic event from the content of social media posts? (ii) How to accurately estimate the geographic coordinates of the abnormal traffic event from the set of identified location entities? To address the above challenges, we develop a S ocial sensing based A bnormal T raffic Geo localization (SAT-Geo) framework to accurately estimate the geographic coordinates of abnormal traffic events by exploring the syntax-based patterns in the content of social media posts and the geographic information associated with the location entities from the social media posts. We evaluate the SAT-Geo framework on three real-world Twitter datasets collected from New York City, Los Angeles, and London. Evaluation results demonstrate that SAT-Geo significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by effectively identifying location entities related to the abnormal traffic events and accurately estimating the geographic coordinates of the events.
Asia and the Universal World Order

What kind of world order does Asia want? What problems does Asia expect this world order to solve? What benefits, national, international, continental, and worldwide, does Asia hope to derive from its establishment? What contributions can the peoples of Asia make to the future well-being and civilization under it?
Quantum Mechanical Study of Chemical Reaction Dynamics

The quantum mechanical study of low energy atom-diatomic molecule collisions is reviewed. Following a brief introduction to the theory of electronic adiabatic collisions, reaction probabilities and cross sections for the three-dimensional F + H2 reaction are discussed. These results indicate the participation of an internal excitation resonance in the reaction leading to HF(v=2) + H. The mechanism of resonant state formation in this reaction is explored in more detail with the presentation of a number of dynamic details of the collinear reaction. Attention is then shifted to electronic nonadiabatic reactions. A theory of collisions of the type X(2P) + H2, leading to electronic-rotational energy transfer, is presented. The theory is applied to spin-orbit quenching of F(2P) by H2. Finally, some directions for future studies are indicated.
Boger pyridine synthesis

Pyridine synthesis via hetero-Diels—Alder reaction of 1,2,4-triazines and dienophiles (e.g., enamine) followed by extrusion of N2.
The Lantern-Floating Ritual: Linking a Community Together

The annual Hiroshima lantern-floating ritual has brought together world community members who share concern for the proliferation of nuclear weapons. One particular lantern-floating ritual is described with a focus on the lantern as a symbol of the ritual and with a description of the creative process involved in designing the lanterns. The need for such rituals is discussed with recognition of similar rituals that have brought together community members with like concerns. The art therapist can encourage participants to use the creative process within rituals, enabling them to find a voice using imagery and symbols. An opportunity exists to broaden the role of the art therapist to participate creatively with other community leaders in addressing social concerns and building community through the process of ritual.
Effects of Thyroxine on Initiation and Completion of Protein Chains of Hemoglobin in Vitro

Abstract Thyroxine added to a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in vitro stimulates amino acid incorporation into the lysate protein. In agreement with previous findings in other cell-free preparations, the thyroxine effect is dependent on the addition of mitochondria and an oxidizable substrate to the reaction system. The products of the thyroxine-stimulated amino acid-incorporation reaction include both the α and β chains of hemoglobin. By analysis of both the amino-terminal and the interior valine positions labeled with l-valine-14C during polypeptide chain formation, it was found that the thyroxine stimulation of β chain synthesis involves both chain initiation and completion, i.e. complete synthesis de novo, although the effect on completion is considerably greater than that on initiation. In the case of α chain synthesis, thyroxine stimulated the completion of chains previously begun in vivo without any apparent effect on the initiation of new chains during the incubation. The data suggest that the primary site of the thyroxine stimulation of protein biosynthesis is at a late stage in polypeptide chain elongation, chain termination, or chain release, and that chain initiation may be secondarily increased when the rates of the earlier reactions are favorable.
Interhemispheric Transport of Carbon Through the Ocean

A case is made that the Atlantic’s conveyor circulation carries roughly 0.6 gigatons of carbon (as ΣCO2) from the northern to the southern hemisphere. The return transport of this carbon (as CO2) through the atmosphere would maintain a 1.6 ppm south to north gradient in atmospheric CO2 content. Such a gradient would go a long way toward explaining the current lower than expected fossil fuel CO2 supported north to south atmospheric gradient and hence would alleviate the necessity for the large northern hemisphere terrestrial sink proposed by Tans et al., 1990.
Acetate Synthesis from H(2) plus CO(2) by Termite Gut Microbes.

Gut microbiota from Reticulitermes flavipes termites catalyzed an H2-dependent total synthesis of acetate from CO2. Rates of H2-CO2 acetogenesis in vitro were 1.11 ± 0.37 μmol of acetate g (fresh weight)−1 h−1 (equivalent to 4.44 ± 1.47 nmol termite−1 h−1) and could account for approximately 1/3 of all the acetate produced during the hindgut fermentation. Formate was also produced from H2 + CO2, as were small amounts of propionate, butyrate, and lactate-succinate. However, H2-CO2 formicogenesis seemed largely unrelated to acetogenesis and was believed not to be a significant reaction in situ. Little or no CH4 was formed from H2 + CO2 or from acetate. H2-CO2 acetogenesis was inhibited by O2, KCN, CHCl3, and iodopropane and could be abolished by prefeeding R. flavipes with antibacterial drugs. By contrast, prefeeding R. flavipes with starch resulted in almost complete defaunation but had little effect on H2-CO2 acetogenesis, suggesting that bacteria were the acetogenic agents in the gut. H2-CO2 acetogenesis was also observed with gut microbiota from Prorhinotermes simplex, Zootermopsis angusticollis, Nasutitermes costalis, and N. nigriceps; from the wood-eating cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus; and from the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. Pure cultures of H2-CO2-acetogenic bacteria were isolated from N. nigriceps, and a preliminary account of their morphological and physiological properties is presented. Results indicate that in termites, CO2 reduction to acetate, rather than to CH4, represents the main electron sink reaction of the hindgut fermentation and can provide the insects with a significant fraction (ca. 1/3) of their principal oxidizable energy source, acetate.
Laminar plane wall jet of a non-Newtonian fluid with vectored surface mass transfer

Etude des caracteristiques d'ecoulement d'un jet de paroi laminaire plan de fluide non newtonien. Les solutions numeriques sont obtenues par la methode de non-similitude locale. Presentation, pour differentes valeurs des parametres de transfert de masse en surface, de la contrainte de cisaillement a la paroi et de la distribution de vitesse
The shell selection behaviour of two closely related hermit crabs

Abstract Abstract. Shell selection behaviour in response to shell features or stimuli that might contribute to shell detection, investigation and ultimately shell choice were examined in two inter-tidal hermit crabs, Pagurus samuelis and P. hirsutiusculus. Each species displayed a different preference for either Tegula funebralis shells ( P. samuelis ) or Nucella canaliculata shells ( P. hirsutiusculus ), shells that differ greatly in their external appearance and internal configuration. Visual and chemical shell stimuli were found to have a different effect on each of the two closely related species. Pagurus samuelis relied on visual cues for shell detection. It also displayed visually-mediated tracking of objects resembling T. funebralis shells in colour, shape and size. Pagurus hirsutiusculus did not display tracking behaviour. Both species responded to the chemical composition of shells, specifically their calcium content. Various coatings were applied to the shell surfaces to remove (cover) the calcium cue. For P. hirsutiusculus only, shell exploratory behaviour was not initiated if this one stimulus was absent. Both species were found to rely on the chemical cues alone to locate and uncover partially buried shells. Each species apparently relies on shell cues that are distinguishing features of their preferred shells. Thus, underlying differences in sensory and other neural mechanisms enable each species to detect quickly and respond to its preferred shell type. The stimulus value of the aperture and possible importance of the shell's internal configuration, for shell selection, were also examined. Lastly, the role of learning in shell selection is discussed.
Supporting longitudinal change in many health behaviors

We identify the challenges in developing systems that support users in changing multiple health behaviors over time, and a development methodology that addresses these challenges. We describe how these methods were used in the design of a system for supporting young women with "preconception care", involving simultaneous longitudinal behavior change on up to 108 health behaviors. Results from focus group testing, usability studies, pilot studies, and an ongoing clinical trial are presented.
The Host-Mediated Mammalian Cell Assay

The mutation of L5178Yc and L5178Yd cells in culture provides the capability of testing known compounds for mutagenic activity. Since the cells also reproduce in the ascitic cavity of genetically compatible mice and are single cell infective, a murine host-mediated assay may also be done. The procedures required for the mutagenicity test in culture and in mice are outlined in (A) and (B). The softagar cloning technique is described in (C) and recent developments in culture techniques are presented in (D) of this article.
Venture Survival in a Transitional Economy

Many formerly controlled economies have undergone discontinuous transformations in their approach to markets, institutional environments, and the role of government in economic activity. We study the factors that affect venture survival in a transitional economy through a two-stage study of private ventures in Hungary. We find that ventures survive under uncertainty, even without significant government support. Industry experience, networking activities, and the strategic orientation of the firms predict survival. Contrary to our predictions, SOE experience, access to infrastructure, and differentiation strategies do not significantly differentiate survivors.
Critical Heat Flux in Microchannels With an Adjustable Inlet Orifice

The benefits of eliminating instabilities in two-phase microchannel flow with inlet orifices come with costs. This study describes the tradeoffs between microchannels with and without inlet orifices, focusing on results from critical heat flux data obtained for various orifice sizes and mass fluxes. An adjustable inlet orifice controlled with a micrometer was placed in front of an array of 31 parallel microchannels each with a hydraulic diameter of 0.235 mm and a length of 1.33 cm. For mass fluxes ranging from 186 kg m−2 s−1 to 847 kg m−2 s−1, critical heat flux (CHF) data were obtained for 7 different orifice sizes. For low flow rates that provided a low quality saturated inlet condition, the difference in CHF values was found to be minimal between open and almost closed orifice conditions. The smallest orifice achieved a CHF value of 5 W cm−2 less than the largest orifice size for a mass flux of 186 kg m−2 s−1, and 7 W cm−2 less for a mass flux of 433 kg m−2 s−1. For mass fluxes higher than 433 kg m−2 s−1, subcooled conditions were present at the orifice inlet, and the highest CHF values occurred with an orifice hydraulic diameter of 35 percent of fully open. For the higher mass flux cases, orifice sizes in the range of 1.8 percent to 28 percent of fully open caused CHF to occur at lower values than less restrictive orifice sizes. This was due to loss of cooling capacity from rapid pressure drop through the orifice. Slightly higher average channel pressures also decrease the refrigerant’s latent heat of vaporization. For the orifice sizes from 35 to 70 percent of unrestricted flow, a very minimal increase in pressure drop over fully open inlet conditions occurred and the general trend was higher CHF values. Very small inlet orifices are beneficial for steady state conditions that do not approach CHF; however, overly restricting the flow at the inlet to microchannels reduces cooling capacity significantly and will cause early onset of CHF. A slightly restrictive inlet orifice will increase CHF.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Mutagenicity of butadiene and its epoxide metabolites. II: Mutational spectra of butadiene, 1,2-epoxybutene and diepoxybutane at the hprt locus in splenic T cells from exposed B6C3F1 mice

The mutagenic potential and mutational spectra of butadiene (BD), 1,2-epoxybutene (EB), and diepoxybutane (DEB) were determined in splenic T cells from exposed B6C3F1 mice. Mice exposed by inhalation to 625 p.p.m. BD for 2 weeks displayed an average hprt- mutation frequency of 6.2 x 10(-6) compared to 1.2 x 10(-6) in controls. Mice were also given three daily i.p. doses of 60, 80 and 100 mg EB/kg or 7, 14 and 21 mg DEB/kg. Average hprt- frequencies of 5.4 x 10(-6), 4.1 x 10(-6) and 8.6 x 10(-6) were seen in the EB groups, respectively, while average frequencies of 4.6 x 10(-6), 9.4 x 10(-6) and 13 x 10(-6) were seen in the DEB groups. DNA sequencing revealed that approximately half of the mutations induced in vivo by BD, EB and DEB were frameshift mutations. A +1 frameshift 'hotspot' in six consecutive guanine bases in exon 3 was observed with all three compounds. The remaining mutations produced by BD, EB and DEB were transition and transversion mutations at both AT and GC base pairs. Base pair substitutions induced by BD were biased in favor of mutation at AT base pairs. The mutational spectra produced by BD, EB and DEB were very similar to that observed previously with ethylene oxide, suggesting that these epoxide agents may be working through a similar mutagenic mechanism.
Central and peripheral neurochemical alterations and immune effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in rats

In contrast to the well known effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the central nervous system, data about its peripheral effects are scarce. Here, Sprague Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet (gestational days 0-20) containing 36% ethanol-derived calories (EDCs, group H) or were pair-fed with 18% EDCs (group L) or 0% EDCs (group C). On postnatal day 20, one male and one female from each of 10 litters per group were killed. Norepinephrine (NE) was analyzed in the frontal cortex, spleen and thymus, and dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homevanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were analyzed in the striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen and thymus were also assessed in half of these litters. Significant decreases in splenic NE concentration were seen in both sexes of group H (males 27%, females 28%). Decreases in striatal 5-HT and 5-HIAA of group H subjects appeared to be sex specific (only females were significantly affected: 23% decrease in 5-HT, 37% decrease in 5-HIAA). Pronounced, dose-dependent reductions in T cell percentages were observed in both the thymus and spleen. Splenic CD8+ and CD4+ cell percentages were positively correlated with the splenic NE concentrations. It is concluded that the decreases seen in splenic T cell percentages subsequent to prenatal ethanol exposure may be caused, at least partially, by impaired noradrenergic control of this organ.
SU-GG-I-125: Treatment Responses Monitored by Estimated Returning-To-Origin Probability for Clinical High Diffusion Image

Background and Purpose: The usefulness of diffusionmagnetic resonance imaging(MRI) to monitor treatment response has been recognized. For more specific information like extra‐/intracellular space, and water exchange, an extensive diffusionencoding with high diffusion weighting is required. However the intrinsic low signal‐to‐noise with eddy‐current contamination prohibits the high diffusion weighting imaging from becoming a useful clinical tool in spite of its great clinical potentials. We proposed a novel expression to represent high diffusion encoded image based on q‐space analysis for clinical purpose. Our q‐space analysis is to approximate the probability theory of ensemble averaged water molecules “returning” to their original spot at the beginning diffusion observation for a given diffusion time. Method and Materials: The 14‐minute MRI sequence employed a high‐diffusion encoding with 9 b‐values ranging as: 1∼ 4×103 sec/mm2, and a re‐focused diffusion gradient waveform is to balance eddy‐current effect, and the diffusion gradient is set in 6 directions for uniformly sampling in 3 dimensions to provide the information for returning‐to‐origin (RTO) probability as well as diffusiontensorimaging (DTI). In q‐space, the 9‐point diffusionencoding values from each voxel are interpolated before spatial domain conversion. The fractional anisotropy (FA) map is derived from the Eigenvalue of a given DTI. The giloblastoma patient's image is presented in this study. Results and Conclusion: A better signal‐to‐noise RTO map demonstrates its superior image quality than any diffusionimages derived from the conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis because the q‐space analysis uses the integration over q‐space instead of differentiating used in ADC analysis. The RTO also highlights the slower water diffusion along white matter as FA map, and it also shows the slow diffusion in fiber‐deteriorated part in GBM tumor location that FA map cannot. The slow diffusion helps to identify the high‐grade glioma due to its higher cellularity.
Genetics and Faith: Religious Enchantment through Creative Engagement with Molecular Biology

In this article I develop heuristic types for understanding how the U.S. evangelical Christian subculture engages the newer science of molecular biology as it works to legitimate and enchant religious worldview: 1.) symbolic engagement, employing genes and DNA as sacred icon; 2.) disputatious engagement, debating genetic essentialism and scientific naturalism; and 3.) performative engagement, fortifying theism through scientific performance. These types contribute to recent theories of religious strength and identity by providing a framework for exploring the complexity and quality of creative engagement efforts in thriving religious subcultures. I argue that the power of these types to have an impact on audiences lies in sophisticated subcultural levels of discursive engagement through media employment as well as cursory lay knowledge of molecular biology and a pervasive cultural faith and doubt in scientific advancement.
Targeting BCL-2 overexpression in various human malignancies through NF-κB inhibition by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib

Background BCL-2 overexpression occurs in many cancer types and is associated with chemoresistance and radioresistance. The mechanisms responsible for its aberrant expression are thought to be transcriptionally mediated but remain unclear. We examined the cell type-specific mechanism of BCL-2 gene transcription in various solid organ malignancies.
Physical activity characteristics and depressive symptoms in older Latino adults

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) has been consistently associated with fewer depressive symptoms in observational and intervention studies. Emphasis on leisure-time PA, reliance on self report measures of PA, and lack of inclusion of racial/ethnic minority populations have contributed to uncertainty regarding the minimal and optimal dose (minutes/day), intensity (i.e., light, moderate, or vigorous), bout duration (i.e., incidental vs. 10-min bouts), and domain (i.e., leisure-time, occupational, and household) of PA for reducing and preventing depressive symptoms across diverse populations. Purpose To investigate the relationship between PA characteristics (i.e., dose, intensity, bout duration, and domain) and depressive symptoms in older Latinos using both objective and subjective measures of PA. Methods Older Latinos ( n = 174) completed questionnaires and wore accelerometers for seven days. Accelerometer output provided daily minutes of sedentary, light, and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) overall and in 10-min bouts. The Community Healthy Activity Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire provided daily minutes of leisure-time PA, household PA, and sedentary activities. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to predict Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score. Results After controlling for established correlates of depressive symptoms (i.e., demographics, acculturation, and health characteristics), MVPA in ≥10-min bouts independently predicted fewer depressive symptoms ( β = −.231, ΔR2 = .052, p ≤ .01) and household PA greater depressive symptoms ( β = .263, ΔR2 = .056, p ≤ .001). Conclusions Results suggest that PA intensity, bout duration, and domain influence the strength and direction of the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms in older Latino adults.
Does familiarity change in the revelation effect

The revelation effect describes the increased tendency to call items "old" when a recognition judgment is preceded by an incidental task. Past findings show that d' for recognition decreases following revelation, evidence that the revelation effect is due to familiarity change. However, data from receiver operating characteristic curves from 3 experiments produced no evidence of changes in recognition sensitivity. The authors illustrate how the use of a single-point measure like d' can be misleading when familiarity distribution variances are unequal. Also investigated was whether the effect depends on the revelation materials used. Neither the memorability of the revelation items, their similarity to recognition probes, nor the difficulty of the task changed the size of the effect. Thus, the revelation effect is not the result of a memory retrieval mechanism and seems to be generic and all-or-nothing. These characteristics are consistent with response bias rather than familiarity change.
Lipomatous variant of myofibroblastoma with epithelioid features: A rare and diagnostically challenging breast lesion

Myofibroblastoma of the breast is an unusual benign spindle cell tumor composed of cells with histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of myofibroblasts. In addition to the classic form, a few variants of myofibroblastoma have been described. Recognition of these variants is important to prevent overdiagnosis of a malignant lesion, especially on core biopsy. Three variants that can cause particular confusion on core biopsy are the lipomatous, infiltrative, and epithelioid variants of myofibroblastoma. Thus far, there have been only a few reports of these variants in the English literature. We report a rare case of a lipomatous variant of myofibroblastoma with an epithelioid cell component and discuss the differential diagnosis and potential diagnostic pitfalls.
Depression and other determinants of values placed on current health state by stroke patients: evidence from the VA Acute Stroke (VASt) study.

Background and Purpose—This prospective study examined the determinants of the utility (value) placed on health status among a sample of patients with acute ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. Methods—Data were from the VA Acute Stroke (VASt) study, a nationwide prospective cohort of 1073 acute stroke patients admitted at any of 9 Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center sites between April 1, 1995, and March 31, 1997. The primary outcome was the patient’s health status utility as measured by the time-tradeoff method. Data were obtained by telephone interviews at 1, 6, and 12 months and by medical record review. General linear mixed modeling was used to assess the effects of social, psychological, and physical factors on patients’ valuations of their current health state. The analysis was confined to the 327 patients who were able to provide self-reports at ≥2 time points. Results—Patients’ valuations of their health state status over the initial 12 months after stroke were very stable ove...
Chloroplast Biogenesis 72: A [4-Vinyl]Chlorophyllide a Reductase Assay Using Divinyl Chlorophyllide a as an Exogenous Substrate

Abstract [4-Vinyl] Chlorophyllide a reductase (4VCR) catalyzes the the conversion of 2,4-divinyl chlorophyllide a (DV Chlide a ) to 2-vinyl,4-ethyl chlorophyllide a (MV Chlide a ) via an NADPH-dependent reaction. MV Chlide a is the immediate precursor of monovinyl chlorophyll a in plants. In etiolated cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons, 4VCR is a plastidic membrane-bound enzyme. Further research on this enzyme required the development of an assay that utilizes DV Chlide a as an exogenous substrate. Such an assay is now described. It involves conversion of exogenous DV Chlide a to MV Chlide a at high rates by etioplast membranes of cucumber, corn ( Zea mays L.), and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). 4VCR exhibits high activity between 30 and 40°C and in the pH range of 6.3 to 7.0. Activity is quasilinear for the first 60 s of incubation.
BUILDING SUSTAINABLE HYBRID ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS

We explore how new types of hybrid organizations (organizations that combine institutional logics in unprecedented ways) can develop and maintain their hybrid nature in the absence of a “ready-to-w...
Band structure of Bi2Sr2CuO6: Strong effects due to structural modulation

The electronic structure of idealized tetragonal Bi2Sr2CuO6 is compared with that of an orthorhombic √2×√2 model that includes atomic displacements due to the structural modulation. The electronic structure, particularly that related to Bi and O(3) atoms, is strongly modified near the Fermi energy. In particular the shape and topology of the Bi-O(3) related Fermi surfaces near the ¯M point are changed. With the modulation, bands occur near the Fermi energy over a significant part of the zone near this point. A method is proposed to distinguish between lattice distortions and antiferromagnetic correlations as the cause of recently observed shadow Fermi surfaces.
Photoperiod and E-genes Influence the Duration of the Reproductive Phase in Soybean

Duration of the reproductive phase (DRP) is critical for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. Manipulation of this phase may benefit breeding for higher yield. The soybean E-gene series control time to flowering and maturity through a photoperiod-mediated response. It is possible that E-genes and photoperiod may control the DRP. Two 2-yr studies were conducted with the objective to assess whether the DRP is influenced by either or both E-gene alleles and post-flowering photoperiod. In a planting-date experiment, the main plots were two planting dates, and sub plots were 15 E-gene near-isogenic lines (NILs) in two genetic backgrounds. In a daylength-extension experiment, seven E-gene NILs were planted to synchronize flowering date. Two photoperiods treatments were imposed after flowering: (i) ambient and (ii) ambient plus 3-h incandescent daylength extension. Early planting and daylength extension exposed plants to a longer post-flowering photoperiod, and resulted in an increase in the DRP. When exposed to the same post-flowering photoperiod, the DRP was positively related to the number of dominant E-gene alleles. Both E-genes and post-flowering photo-period controlled the DRP and this was in addition to the known impact of E-genes on time to flowering. Hence, E-genes control time to maturity through both their effect on time to flowering and through their effect on the DRP. The results of this study underline the importance of time of flowering for determination of the DRP.
A Bayesian Perspective on Locality Sensitive Hashing with Extensions for Kernel Methods

Given a collection of objects and an associated similarity measure, the all-pairs similarity search problem asks us to find all pairs of objects with similarity greater than a certain user-specified threshold. In order to reduce the number of candidates to search, locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) based indexing methods are very effective. However, most such methods only use LSH for the first phase of similarity search—that is, efficient indexing for candidate generation. In this article, we present BayesLSH, a principled Bayesian algorithm for the subsequent phase of similarity search—performing candidate pruning and similarity estimation using LSH. A simpler variant, BayesLSH-Lite, which calculates similarities exactly, is also presented. Our algorithms are able to quickly prune away a large majority of the false positive candidate pairs, leading to significant speedups over baseline approaches. For BayesLSH, we also provide probabilistic guarantees on the quality of the output, both in terms of accuracy and recall. Finally, the quality of BayesLSH’s output can be easily tuned and does not require any manual setting of the number of hashes to use for similarity estimation, unlike standard approaches. For two state-of-the-art candidate generation algorithms, AllPairs and LSH, BayesLSH enables significant speedups, typically in the range 2 × --20 × for a wide variety of datasets. We also extend the BayesLSH algorithm for kernel methods—in which the similarity between two data objects is defined by a kernel function. Since the embedding of data points in the transformed kernel space is unknown, algorithms such as AllPairs which rely on building inverted index structure for fast similarity search do not work with kernel functions. Exhaustive search across all possible pairs is also not an option since the dataset can be huge and computing the kernel values for each pair can be prohibitive. We propose K-BayesLSH an all-pairs similarity search problem for kernel functions. K-BayesLSH leverages a recently proposed idea—kernelized locality sensitive hashing (KLSH)—for hash bit computation and candidate generation, and uses the aforementioned BayesLSH idea for candidate pruning and similarity estimation. We ran a broad spectrum of experiments on a variety of datasets drawn from different domains and with distinct kernels and find a speedup of 2 × --7 × over vanilla KLSH.
One-dimensional laser cooling with linearly polarized fields

We present a calculation of one-dimensional sub-Doppler cooling of neutral atoms, in which the atomic center-of-mass motion is quantized. The cooling field consists of a pair of counterpropagating, linearly polarized laser beams, with their polarizaton vectors at an angle \ensuremath{\theta} with respect to each other. The steady-state atomic density matrix is analyzed as a function of \ensuremath{\theta}. It is shown that, depending on the internal atomic level scheme, the equilibrium population of the quantized ground state of atomic center-of-mass motion can either increase or decrease significantly when \ensuremath{\theta} is reduced from \ensuremath{\pi}/2. These effects are interpreted based on the spatial localization of atoms in the light-induced potential wells.
EatSmart: efficacy of a multifaceted preventive nutrition intervention in clinical practice.

Abstract Background . We evaluated a multifaceted preventive nutrition intervention to improve dietary habits among adult primary care patients. Methods . We randomized six group practices in a managed care organization. Participants completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. The intervention comprised (1) mailed personalized dietary recommendations and educational booklets focusing on fruits and vegetables, red meat, and dairy foods, tailored to patients' baseline intake and stage of readiness to change eating behaviors; (2) verbal endorsement by the primary care provider of the benefits of these recommendations; and (3) two motivational counseling sessions with telephone counselors to set dietary goals. Results . Among the 230 subjects in the intervention group and 274 in the control group, mean age was 54 years, 70% were female, and 91% were white and 7% African American. Eighty-nine percent of the participants completed the follow-up survey. We measured change in intake of foods using results from the baseline and follow-up food frequency questionnaires. Using an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusting for age, sex, race, and baseline intake, the change in fruit and vegetable intake in the intervention group was 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.3, 0.8) servings/day higher than in the control group. There was no intervention effect on red meat and dairy products. Conclusions . Tailored clinical nutrition interventions that combine brief physician endorsement with practice supports may be effective in changing patients' eating behavior.
Launch-period selection for the 1972 Venus launch opportunity.

Mission analysis for 1972 Venus launch opportunity, discussing launch period selection and trajectory constraints for Atlas/Centaur vehicle