cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered A Reply to Farber and Gowa and to Mansfield and Snyder

Our entire field of study has become bewitched with the question(s) of democratic peace. The idea that domestic institutions and/or democratic norms could somehow be responsible for increasing tendencies toward more pacific behavior in international relations (at least among some states) has galvanized a variety of reactions. Some realists and neorealists reject the basic idea out of hand because it conflicts with their assumptions about the preponderance of anarchy and security dilemmas. Other realists, however, have enthusiastically embraced the possibility of elevating secondimage explanations over others considered somehow less tangible. Liberals and neoliberal institutionalists, of course, sense things are swinging their way again after a long drought of realpolitik. Post-cold war triumphalists are equally sure that their side won because of the moral superiority of their own values and institutions, which just happen to reside at the core of the democratic peace arguments. Quantitative analysts, for their part, are relieved to have empirical findings that seem to hold up to closer scrutiny and, in some eyes, may approximate the holy grail of "law-like" propositions. Policy advocates are delighted to have an opportunity to invoke international relations theory and empirical findings to justify their preferred real-world strategies. Thus, the democratic peace question manages to simultaneously invoke sentiments of ideology, paradigmatic preferences, and applied policy proclivities. Perhaps it is little wonder, then, that our exchanges on the subject are more likely to reflect polarization than to shed additional light on interesting processes. That having been said, we must still admit to being a bit bothered and even slightly bewildered by the reactions of Farber and Gowa and of Mansfield and Snyder. Our
Treatment of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Protoplasts with DNA-Damaging Agents Induces a 39-Kilodalton Chloroplast Protein Immunologically Related to Escherichia coli RecA

Organisms must have efficient mechanisms of DNA repair and recombination to prevent alterations in their genetic information due to DNA damage. There is evidence for DNA repair and recombination in plastids of higher plants, although very little is known at the biochemical level. Many chloroplast proteins are of eubacterial ancestry, suggesting that the same could be true for the components of a DNA repair and recombination system. A 39-kD protein, immunologically related to Escherichia coli RecA, is present in chloroplasts of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Bandshift gel assays suggest that it binds single-stranded DNA. Its steady-state level is increased by several DNA-damaging agents. These results are consistent with it being a plastid homolog of E. coli RecA protein, presumably involved in DNA repair and recombination, and with the existence of an SOS-like response in pea leaf cells. Experiments with protein synthesis inhibitors suggest that the 39-kD chloroplast protein is encoded in the nucleus.
Finger joint motion generated by individual extrinsic muscles: A cadaveric study

Our understanding of finger functionality associated with the specific muscle is mostly based on the functional anatomy, and the exact motion effect associated with an individual muscle is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine phalangeal joints motion of the index finger generated by each extrinsic muscle. Ten (6 female and 4 male) fresh-frozen cadaveric hands (age 55.2 ± 5.6 years) were minimally dissected to establish baseball sutures at the musculotendinous junctions of the index finger extrinsic muscles. Each tendon was loaded to 10% of its force potential and the motion generated at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints was simultaneously recorded using a marker-based motion capture system. The flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) generated average flexion of 19.7, 41.8, and 29.4 degrees at the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints, respectively. The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) generated average flexion of 24.8 and 47.9 degrees at the MCP and PIP joints, respectively, and no motion at the DIP joints. The extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and extensor indicis proprius (EIP) generated average extension of 18.3, 15.2, 4.0 degrees and 15.4, 13.2, 3.7 degrees at the MCP, PIP and DIP joints, respectively. The FDP generated simultaneous motion at the PIP and DIP joints. However, the motion generated by the FDP and FDS, at the MCP joint lagged the motion generated at the PIP joint. The EDC and EIP generated simultaneous motion at the MCP and PIP joints. The results of this study provide novel insights into the kinematic role of individual extrinsic muscles.
Sacramento’s parking lot shading ordinance: environmental and economic costs of compliance

A survey of 15 Sacramento parking lots and computer modeling were used to evaluate parking capacity and compliance with the 1983 ordinance requiring 50% shade of paved areas (PA) 15 years after development. There were 6% more parking spaces than required by ordinance, and 36% were vacant during peak use periods. Current shade was 14% with 44% of this amount provided by covered parking. Shade was projected to increase to 27% (95% CI 24–37%) when all lots in the sample were 15-year-old. Annual benefits associated with the corresponding level of tree shade were estimated to be US$ 1.8 million (CI US$ 1.5–2.6 million) annually citywide, or US$ 2.2 million less than benefits from 50% shade (CI US$ 1.4–2.5 million). The cost of replacing dying trees and addressing other health issues was US$ 1.1 million. Planting 116,000 trees needed to achieve 50% shade was estimated to cost approximately US$ 20 million. Strategies for revising parking ordinances to enhance their effectiveness are presented. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Performance of Low-Rank QR Approximation of the Finite Element Biot-Savart Law

In this paper, we present a low-rank QR method for evaluating the discrete Biot-Savart law. Our goal is to develop an algorithm that is easily implemented on parallel computers. It is assumed that the known current density and the unknown magnetic field are both expressed in a finite-element expansion, and we wish to compute the degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in the basis function expansion of the magnetic field. The matrix that maps the current DOF to the field DOF is full, but if the spatial domain is properly partitioned the matrix can be written as a block matrix, with blocks representing distant interactions being low rank and having a compressed QR representation. While an octree partitioning of the matrix may be ideal, for ease of parallel implementation, we employ a partitioning based on number of processors. The rank of each block (i.e., the compression) is determined by the specific geometry and is computed dynamically. In this paper, we provide the algorithmic details and present computational results for large-scale computations
Modeling and characterization of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive induced-strain actuators

This paper presents the results of theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of PiezoSystems Jena P-177-00 large stroke piezoelectric actuator and of Etrema AA-140J025-ES1 large stroke/large power magnetostrictive actuator. An improved smart-material actuators measurement method suited for static and low frequency actuation was devised. Analytical and finite element modeling (ANSYS) of the experimental setup to determine stiffness component characteristics was performed. The output displacements of the active material actuators were recorded in quasi-static and dynamic regimes, under varied pre-stress level, voltage and frequency values. The measurements indicated a strong dependence of the actuator stiffness and piezoelectric properties on the electromechanical loading conditions. The study also identified and calculated the parameters of the induced strain actuators electro-mechanical model. These parameters are necessary for performing design optimization to achieve maximum energy transfer and minimum power requirements. Experimentally verified data characterizing piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators in the full stroke/full power regime required for designing an effective airborne induced strain activated aerodynamic control system for air and space vehicles is provided.
Enzyme Specificity and Selectivity

Enzymes are exquisitely selective catalysts, capable of choosing a single substrate from a sea of similar compounds. Importantly, specificity is most manifest in the rate that a substrate reacts rather than the affinity of substrate binding. Specificity arises from the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme-active site, which is complementary to the transition state of the reaction. In some cases, a good substrate induces an active conformation that is not available to a poor substrate. Enzymes can also contain a second ‘proofreading’ site that further increases selectivity. Specificity is also evident in the way that enzymes control the decomposition of unstable intermediates, restricting their conformation so that the reaction is channelled down one pathway, to yield a single product. Lastly, it is important to recognize that enzyme selectivity is not absolute; the optimization of ‘promiscuous’ activities is an efficient route to the evolution of new enzymes. Key concepts Specificity is most manifest in the rate that a substrate reacts rather than the affinity of substrate binding. The value of kcat/Km is used to assess specificity. The enzyme-active site is complementary to the transition state, with key residues perfectly aligned to promote the reaction. A good substrate can induce an active enzyme conformation that is not accessed by a poor substrate. Some enzymes contain additional active sites that catalyse proofreading reactions, further enhancing specificity. Enzymes control reaction outcomes by restricting the conformation of substrates and high-energy intermediates; this is called stereoelectronic control. Enzyme specificity is not absolute; new enzymes evolve via the optimization of ‘promiscuous’ activities. Keywords: lock and key; induced fit; stereoelectronic control; substrate synergism; promiscuous activity
Modalities and demographics in voice search: Learnings from three case studies

We present case studies of three different approaches to voice search for business information: premium DA, fully automated business search, and multimodal search. In each case we describe the user demographics, business economics and technology limitations that drive user interface and system design. Findings from statistical data analysis of real user utterances are highlighted with discussion to their implications in speech recognition, back-end search and voice user interface design.
Bluetooth enabled electroencephalograph (EEG) platform

A design for a modular, compact, and accurate wireless electroencephalograph (EEG) system is proposed. EEG is the only non-invasive measure for neuronal function of the brain. Using a number of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques, this neuronal function can be acquired and processed into meaningful representations of brain activity. The system described here utilizes a number of circuits and systems which can be connected to wirelessly transmit digitized brainwaves via Bluetooth for an end application use. In this way, the system is portable, and modular in terms of the device to which it can interface. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) has become a popular extension of EEG systems in modern research. This design serves as a platform for applications using BCI capability.
Mental Causation and Shoemaker-Realization

Sydney Shoemaker has proposed a new definition of `realization’ and used it to try to explain how mental events can be causes within the framework of a non-reductive physicalism. I argue that it is not actually his notion of realization that is doing the work in his account of mental causation, but rather the assumption that certain physical properties entail mental properties that do not entail them. I also point out how his account relies on certain other controversial assumptions, including analytical filler-functionalism for mental properties, and the assumption that causes must be proportional to their effects. I conclude by pointing out that Shoemaker has provided no explanation of why, on his view, certain physical properties entail mental properties.
Thyroid cancer complicating familial adenomatous polyposis: mutation spectrum of at-risk individuals

Lifetime risk of thyroid cancer associated with FAP has been reported as 1-2%. The mean age at diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma in FAP has been reported at 28 years. The aims of this paper are to better understand gene mutations associated with thyroid cancer and refine surveillance recommendations for patients with FAP. We performed a search in Pubmed, Ovid Medline and Embase with the terms ("Thyroid Gland"[Mesh] OR "Thyroid Neoplasms"[Mesh]) AND "Adenomatous Polyposis Coli"[Meshdenomatous Polyposis Coli"[Mesh] to identify subjects with thyroid cancer and FAP. As a reference group for APC mutations in the unselected FAP population, we used the UMD-APC database referenced in the Orphanet portal, which includes APC mutation data on 2040 individuals with FAP. There were 115 reported cases of thyroid cancer in patients with FAP (95 female: 11 male) with an average age of 29.2 years. Gene mutation testing results were reported in 48 patients. On comparing the prevalence of APC mutation in the population of FAP patients with thyroid cancer and the prevalence of the same mutation in the reference population an increased odds ratio was evident in individuals harboring an APC mutation at codon 1061 (OR: CI 4.1: 1.7-8.9). Analysis of the prevalence of thyroid cancer in individuals with FAP segregated by the region of the gene affected shows an increased risk of thyroid cancer in individuals harboring mutations proximal to codon 512 (OR 2.6, p 0.0099). There is increased risk for thyroid cancer in individuals with APC mutations at the 5' end (proximal to codon 528) along with the established high risk group harboring mutation at codon 1061. It is suggested that these patients might benefit from directed surveillance by annual ultrasound from age 18 years onwards.
Weak-Link Versus Active Carbon Degradation Routes in the Oxidation of Aromatic Heterocyclic Systems. IV

Abstract The oxidation of polybenzimidazolone and selected model compounds including compounds containing benzimidazole and benzimide ring systems has been investigated at temperatures from ambient to 700°C. Residue elemental analyses, volatile product distribution differences as a function of time and oxidation temperature, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis studies are reported. The determination of the energy of activation for the over-all initial oxidation processes over the ranges of 0 to 15% weight loss and 100 to 700°C indicated a value of 35.5 kcal/mole. The elemental analyses data indicate that significant differences in residue composition exists between model compounds having aminederived end groups and those systems bearing acid-derived end groups. Data obtained using differential thermal analyses techniques indicate little difference in the thermal behavior of the benzimidazolones in inert or oxygen atmospheres. The changes in the amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide...
Novel oral anticoagulation agents: new drugs create new paradigms.

In recent years managing patients’ cardiovascular disease has increasingly focused on the critical role of preventing thrombus formation by pharmacologically inhibiting coagulation factors and platelets. From a perioperative perspective this is important because patients undergoing cardiac surgery often receive multiple antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents preoperatively that pose important considerations for management. Recently, several novel oral anticoagulation agents (NOACs) have been approved, including dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, and rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, direct Factor Xa inhibitors that have multiple indications for either stroke prevention with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or thromboprophylaxis. In this month’s issue of the Journal, Kaneko reviews the perioperative considerations of NOACs. Important considerations and perspectives are as follows. Unlike warfarin, NOACs have rapid and predictable onsets, and an offset more rapid than warfarin. Although monitoring is not required, all of these agents can be evaluated if needed, as Kaneko describes. For dabigatran, partial thromboplastin time can be used but thrombin times or a specific assay called Hemoclot assay (Aniara,West Chester, Ohio) should be considered for elective surgery. Rivaroxaban, apixiban, and other Xa inhibitors require specific calibrated antifactor-Xa assays similar to low-molecularweight heparin (LMWH) monitoring. Although concerns exist regarding the NOACs, managing the condition of any patient undergoing anticoagulant treatment in a perioperative setting can be challenging, because all anticoagulation agents can cause bleeding, and anticoagulation is for a specific prothrombotic issue. With any anticoagulant there are important considerations when they require surgery. Despite growing concerns about NOACs, warfarin management still perplexes many clinicians because it is not completely reversible with standard therapies. Despite the continued use of fresh frozen plasma, 4-component
Outpatient Nutrition Management of the Neurologically Impaired Child

The nutrition care of children who are neurologically impaired is a challenge for the nutrition care team. Many factors should be considered in the assessment and development of a nutrition plan. That these children can have significant abnormalities in nutrition status, growth, and body composition should be kept in mind. Energy needs are often hard to assess. For this reason, monitoring of weight status over time provides the best indicator of energy requirements. Protein needs are not increased for the healthy child who is neurologically impaired. Nutrition rehabilitation usually corrects micronutrient deficiencies when they are found. Nutrition assessment is a key component of the care of these children. Height assessment can be difficult, and alternative measures of height should be used in the evaluation of growth. For optimal care, management should be done by a multidisciplinary team including a registered dietitian. Improved nutrition status results in improved health outcomes.
Introduction: A metacognition bridge

We are told never to cross a bridge until we come to it, but this world is owned by men who have “crossed bridges” in their imagination far ahead of the crowd. (Anon.) John Dewey, a well-known educ...
Refining story inquiry as a method for research.

From the Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Altlantic University, Boca Raton FL; and West Virginia University, School of Nursing, Morgantown WN. Corresponding Author: Patricia Liehr PhD, RN, Associate Dean for Nursing Research and Scholarship, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL 33487. E–mail addresses: pliehr@fau.edu (P. Liehr), mjsmith@hsc.wvu.edu (M.J. Smith). © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 0883-9417/1801-0005$34.00/0 doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2010.10.001 IN 2007, A five-process story inquiry method was published in the Archives of Psychiatric Nursing (Liehr & Smith, 2007). The method was created to begin translating concepts of story theory into processes that enabled theory-guided collection and analysis of story data. In the past 3 years, several scholars have used the method with people experiencing a range of health challenges. The purposes of this column are to describe use of the story inquiry method in published studies, highlight lessons learned, and refine the method for future use. In 2007, the following inquiry processes were named and described (Liehr & Smith, 2007): (a) gather stories about a complicating health challenge, (b) begin deciphering the complicating health challenge, (c) describe the developing story plot, (d) identify movement toward resolving, and (e) synthesize findings to address the research question. Each of these processes will be addressed, noting how its use informs refinement of story inquiry method.
Spatial and Temporal Migration Patterns of Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia Pusilla) in the Southwest as Revealed by Stable Isotopes

Abstract We used stable hydrogen isotopes (δD) to identify the breeding locations of Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) migrating through five sites spanning a cross-section of the species’ southwestern migration route during the springs of 2003 and 2004. Determining the temporal and spatial patterns of migration and degree of population segregation during migration is critical to understanding long-term population trends of migrant birds. At all five migration sites, we found a significant negative relationship between the date Wilson’s Warblers passed through the sampling station and δD values of their feathers. These data were consistent with a pattern of “leap-frog” migration, in which individuals that bred the previous season at southern latitudes migrated through migration stations earlier than individuals that had previously bred at more northern latitudes. We documented that this pattern was consistent across sites and in multiple years. This finding corroborates previous research conducted on Wi...
Design Sign-off

There needs to be a process in place to decide at what point to release the design to production. This decision will occur after the design has been fully hardware tested and all of the design and testing processes have been met.
Limit Analysis of Structures

The method proposed represents an analytical way of the superposition of mechanisms having three distinct advantages in comparison with the classical Symonds and Neale method. First, the equations of virtual work are set forth only for elementary mechanisms; secondly, superposition of mechanism is performed entirely analytically and thirdly, the procedure makes it sure that all possible collapse modes are considered. The objective function is defined as a nondimensional collapse load being a function of modal ratios. The actual collapse load, determined as the minimal value of the objective function, is obtained through a simple comparison of a finite number of its numerical values. Being analytical in nature the proposed method is suitable for the application of computers in case of large numbers of possible collapse modes. Two examples illustrate the exposed procedure.
Practices of Active Private Equity Firms in Latin America

The purpose of this note is to offer a general profile of private equity investment firms and practices in Latin America as of early 2001. The findings are developed from field interviews conducted by the authors with 20 local and regional funds during December 2000 and January 2001 in the four most prominent countries of the region: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. The sample of sponsors was selected based on their strategy, number of investments, capital under management, and background, and was intended to be as diverse as possible to cover a broad range of practices rather than to focus on a homogeneous subset.
Intelligent compilers

The industry is now in agreement that the future of architecture design lies in multiple cores. As a consequence, all computer systems today, from embedded devices to petascale computing systems, are being developed using multicore processors. Although researchers in industry and academia are exploring many different multicore hardware design choices, most agree that developing portable software that achieves high performance on multicore processors is a major unsolved problem. We now see a plethora of architectural features, with little consensus on how the computation, memory, and communication structures in multicore systems will be organized. The wide disparity in hardware systems available has made it nearly impossible to write code that is portable in functionality while still taking advantage of the performance potential of each system. In this paper, we propose exploring the viability of developing intelligent compilers, focusing on key components that will allow application portability while still achieving high performance.
Unexpected VASP-EVH1 Interactions with Irak1 and Zyxin: Phosphorylation and Bivalent Binding

VASP is an actin polymerization regulatory protein, and is a founding member of the Ena/VASP family of proteins. The EVH1 domain, a conserved component of the Ena/VASP family, localizes these proteins to sites of high cytoskeletal dynamics through its selective binding to the sequence motif (F/W)PxhP, where x is any residue and h is an aliphatic residue. Our NMR studies of VASP-EVH1 interactions with the innate immunity signaling protein IRAK1 and with the cytoskeletal protein zyxin have revealed an unexpected mechanism of regulation and an unexpected mode of binding, respectively. These results provide important insights into the transient subcellular localization of VASP in response to innate immunity signaling, and to a novel binding mode that could provide an advantage for specific partners that contain sequential binding motifs.
Multimodal imaging of lung cancer and its microenvironment (Conference Presentation)

Despite significant advances in targeted therapies for lung cancer, nearly all patients develop drug resistance within 6-12 months and prognosis remains poor. Developing drug resistance is a progressive process that involves tumor cells and their microenvironment. We hypothesize that microenvironment factors alter tumor growth and response to targeted therapy. We conducted in vitro studies in human EGFR-mutant lung carcinoma cells, and demonstrated that factors secreted from lung fibroblasts results in increased tumor cell survival during targeted therapy with EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib. We also demonstrated that increased environment stiffness results in increased tumor survival during gefitinib therapy. In order to test our hypothesis in vivo, we developed a multimodal optical imaging protocol for preclinical intravital imaging in mouse models to assess tumor and its microenvironment over time. We have successfully conducted multimodal imaging of dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC) window mice implanted with GFP-labeled human EGFR mutant lung carcinoma cells and visualized changes in tumor development and microenvironment facets over time. Multimodal imaging included structural OCT to assess tumor viability and necrosis, polarization-sensitive OCT to measure tissue birefringence for collagen/fibroblast detection, and Doppler OCT to assess tumor vasculature. Confocal imaging was also performed for high-resolution visualization of EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells labeled with GFP, and was coregistered with OCT. Our results demonstrated that stromal support and vascular growth are essential to tumor progression. Multimodal imaging is a useful tool to assess tumor and its microenvironment over time.
NMDAR Antibodies and New-Onset Epilepsy

The frequency and significance of antibodies to NMDAR were determined in 19 adolescents and young women, aged 15 to 45 years, with unexplained new-onset epilepsies, seen between Jan 2005 and June 2007 at the University of Bonn, Germany; Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Electron Microscopic Examination of the Rabbit Oviductal Ampulla Following Microsurgical End-to-End Anastomosis

The endosalpinx of both normal and microsurgically reconstructed ampullae in rabbit oviducts was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy following ovum transport studies. Tall, longitudinal mucosal folds ran continuously throughout the lumina of normal ampullae and were clearly interrupted at the incision site in the reconstructed oviducts. In both normal and surgically repaired tubes the endosalpinx was covered with long, slender cilia and bulbous processes of secretory cells with microvillous surfaces. Intracellular examination of these epithelial cells suggested no abnormal structure or function. These observations indicate that the epithelium on the severed ends of the endosalpinx healed completely within 1 month following ampullary anastomosis. Since no luminal obstruction was observed, the interruption and misalignment of the mucosal folds appear to be the cause of the impaired ciliary transport of cumulus masses observed in these oviducts. When species differences in tubal structure and function are considered, it appears likely that ampullary-ampullary anastomosis could hinder egg transport and fertility in women.
Taixing City in Jiangsu Province Rural Ecological Environment Problems and Countermeasures

Countryside is an important social and economic region,there are all sorts of natural resources and natural resources in the countryside.As people living standard material and spirit of constantly improve,the public environment,improve the rural environment has been listed in today's environmental protection is an important work.Based on the ecological environment,altogether rural areas such circumstance,the root of the problem analysis for the rural environment,comprehensive and feasible scheme.
The preliminary research on peronosporadensa of Euphrasia vehelii

By investigated peronospora of Euphrasia vehelii and determined its pathogeny,the resuft shows that the pathogeny of this plant is plasmopara densaschroet and peronospora lapponicalagerhThis is also the first report on the two diseases which infecting scrophulariaceae plants in China
Nystagmus of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease

Magnetic search-coil oculography of three brothers, aged 20, 22, and 25, with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) was used to demonstrate nystagmus not obvious on inspection at the W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Prediction of hypertension improvement after stenting of renal artery stenosis: comparative accuracy of translesional pressure gradients, intravascular ultrasound, and angiography.

Objectives We investigated the comparative accuracy of renal translesional pressure gradients (TPG), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and angiographic parameters in predicting hypertension improvement after stenting of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Background The degree of RAS that justifies stenting is unknown. Methods In 62 patients with RAS, TPG (resting and hyperemic systolic gradient [HSG], fractional flow reserve, and mean gradient) were measured by a pressure guidewire; IVUS and angiographic parameters (minimum lumen area and diameter, area stenosis, and diameter stenosis) were measured by quantitative analyses. Results The HSG had a larger area under the curve than most other parameters and an HSG ≥21 mm Hg had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (82%, 84%, and 84%, respectively) in predicting hypertension improvement after stenting of RAS. The average IVUS area stenosis was markedly greater in RAS with an HSG ≥21 mm Hg versus Conclusions An HSG ≥21 mm Hg provided the highest accuracy in predicting hypertension improvement after stenting of RAS, suggesting that an HSG ≥21 mm Hg is indicative of significant RAS.
Bullying and Victimization among Students in Special Education and General Education Curricula

International research established over a decade ago that students who are enrolled in special education curricula are victimized and perpetrate more bullying than their general education peers. However, few empirical studies have examined bullying rates among American schoolchildren who receive special education services. In the current study, a sample of middle school students (n = 1009) enrolled in general and special education programs completed the University of Illinois bullying, fighting, and victimization scales. As hypothesized, students with disabilities reported higher rates of victimization and fighting behaviours than students without disabilities. Conversely, students with disabilities and their general education peers reported similar rates of bully perpetration.
Book Review of The Quiet Power of Indicators: Measuring Governance, Corruption, and the Rule of Law

We live in a world of indicators. Universities are ranked by indicators. Governments determine legislative and economic policy using indicators. Human rights organisations use indicators to draw attention to human rights violations. Scholarship dedicated to the study and critique of indicators is also mushrooming. Sally Engle Merry, Kevin E. Davis, and Benedict Kingsbury's new edited volume makes a unique contribution to this field by focusing on a specific type of indicator -'governance indicators'. These indicators measure the economic performance of countries and assess the functioning of their government institutions.
Multiple Fetal Anomalies in a Preterm Infant

Multiple fetal anomalies in a preterm infant. ### Prenatal History: ### Birth History and Presentation:
Tailoring Retention Theories to Meet the Needs of Rural Appalachian Community College Students

Objective: Traditional-age students attending a rural community college in Kentucky’s Appalachian region were interviewed, along with faculty members and administrators, to identify phenomena servi...
Pharmacokinetic Profile and Tolerability of Liposomal Bupivacaine Following a Repeated Dose via Local Subcutaneous Infiltration in Healthy Volunteers.

Liposomal bupivacaine is indicated for administration into the surgical site to produce post-surgical analgesia. The objectives of this study were to characterize the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of liposomal bupivacaine following a repeated dose in healthy volunteers. Healthy adults were assigned to receive liposomal bupivacaine via subcutaneous infiltration in a single 266 mg dose (cohort 1) or in two 266 mg doses, with the second dose given immediately, 24, 48, or 72 h after the first dose (cohorts 2–5). Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from blood samples collected up to day 14. Subjects were monitored for adverse events and assessed for neurologic function, cardiac function, and infiltration area abnormalities. Twelve subjects were assigned to each cohort. The mean ± standard deviation maximum observed plasma concentration (C max) of bupivacaine after a single dose was 129 ± 47 ng/mL. The mean C max after the second dose was higher, but always less than double the C max for cohort 1. The highest individual C max (589 ng/mL) was observed in a subject who received the second dose 24 h after the first dose (cohort 4), but was well below the reported thresholds for neurotoxicity and cardiac toxicity (2000 and 4000 ng/mL, respectively). A single and repeated dose were well-tolerated, and there were no clinically meaningful findings regarding neurologic examinations and electrocardiography. The mean C max following a repeated dose of liposomal bupivacaine remained well below accepted values for central nervous system and cardiac toxicity. Liposomal bupivacaine was well-tolerated and revealed no clinically important safety signals. NCT02210247.
Abstract 145: Epigenetic Modifications of Bone-Marrow Progenitor Cells Promote an M1 Phenotype in Peripheral Macrophages in Diabetes

Introduction: Diabetic wounds are characterized by a chronic inflammatory state that is maintained by overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines generated by immune cells, namely macrophages. To understand this imbalance, it is critical of understand how changes in immune cells at the systemic level influence the peripheral immune cells. Work from our lab has shown that cytokines induce a histone post-translational “epigenetic signature” at promoter sites of specific genes. However, the role of histone modification of DNA on diabetic progenitor and differentiated immune cells and their impact on chronic inflammation in the periphery has not been studied. We hypothesized that epigenetic changes to bone marrow cells influences peripheral macrophage phenotypes. Methods: Bone marrow was harvested from 7 diet-induced obese mice (DIO) (mean glucose= 290) and 7 wildtype (WT) controls. In some of the mice, lin -/ckit+ population was isolated and flow cytometry (FACS) analysis was performed to isolate hematopoie...
Land-Grant Hybrids: From Art and Technology to SEAD

The authors explore the role that public and land-grant universities play in sciences, engineering, arts and design (SEAD). They combine a networked institutional history of art and technology coll...
Abstract 3062: Chronic Kidney Disease is an Independent Predictor of Cerebral Microbleeds in Black Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: Among patients with ischemic stroke, a link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and presence of MRI-defined cerebral microbleeds (CMB), a harbinger of future hemorrhagic stroke, has be...
From Science Fiction to Computer-Generated Technology: Sampling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals

Imagine that you have interviewed eight extraterrestrials and submitted the results for publication in a mental health journal. When you eventually receive the editor’s decision letter, it is likely to take one of several forms. The editor may state that the topic area is outside the purview of the journal. Reading between the lines, you may wonder if the editor questions your sanity—What is wrong with you to be studying them? The editor may question your results—either because you have presented extraterrestrials as so similar to humans that it defies credibility or else the factors that set them apart are so bizarre the editor does not believe them. If the editor knows you personally, you may be advised to pursue more mainstream research, especially if you are junior in your career. In short, you may be criticized for your choice of topic or your results, but no one is going to be concerned with sampling issues. Eight extraterrestrials are sensational enough—there is no need to explain whether your selection was representative.
Peer Coaching Through mHealth Targeting Physical Activity in People With Parkinson Disease: Feasibility Study

Background: Long-term engagement in exercise and physical activity mitigates the progression of disability and increases quality of life in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Despite this, the vast majority of individuals with PD are sedentary. There is a critical need for a feasible, safe, acceptable, and effective method to assist those with PD to engage in active lifestyles. Peer coaching through mobile health (mHealth) may be a viable approach. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a PD-specific peer coach training program and a remote peer-mentored walking program using mHealth technology with the goal of increasing physical activity in persons with PD. We set out to examine the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of the programs along with preliminary evidence of individual-level changes in walking activity, self-efficacy, and disability in the peer mentees. Methods: A peer coach training program and a remote peer-mentored walking program using mHealth was developed and tested in 10 individuals with PD. We matched physically active persons with PD (peer coaches) with sedentary persons with PD (peer mentees), resulting in 5 dyads. Using both Web-based and in-person delivery methods, we trained the peer coaches in basic knowledge of PD, exercise, active listening, and motivational interviewing. Peer coaches and mentees wore FitBit Zip activity trackers and participated in daily walking over 8 weeks. Peer dyads interacted daily via the FitBit friends mobile app and weekly via telephone calls. Feasibility was determined by examining recruitment, participation, and retention rates. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events during the study period. Acceptability was assessed via satisfaction surveys. Individual-level changes in physical activity were examined relative to clinically important differences. Results: Four out of the 5 peer pairs used the FitBit activity tracker and friends function without difficulty. A total of 4 of the 5 pairs completed the 8 weekly phone conversations. There were no adverse events over the course of the study. All peer coaches were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the training program, and all participants were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the peer-mentored walking program. All participants would recommend this program to others with PD. Increases in average steps per day exceeding the clinically important difference occurred in 4 out of the 5 mentees. Conclusions: Remote peer coaching using mHealth is feasible, safe, and acceptable for persons with PD. Peer coaching using mHealth technology may be a viable method to increase physical activity in individuals with PD. Larger controlled trials are necessary to examine the effectiveness of this approach.
Structure and dynamics of Zr6O8 metal–organic framework node surfaces probed with ethanol dehydration as a catalytic test reaction

Some metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporate nodes that are metal oxide clusters such as Zr6O8. Vacancies on the node surfaces, accidental or by design, act as catalytic sites. Here, we report elucidation of the chemistry of Zr6O8 nodes in the MOFs UiO-66 and UiO-67 having used infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies to determine the ligands on the node surfaces originating from the solvents and modifiers used in the syntheses and having elucidated the catalytic properties of the nodes for ethanol dehydration, which takes place selectively to make diethyl ether but not ethylene at 473–523 K. Density functional theory calculations show that the key to the selective catalysis is the breaking of node-linker bonds (or the accidental adjacency of open/defect sites) that allows catalytically fruitful bonding of the reactant ethanol to neighboring sites on the nodes, facilitating the bimolecular ether formation through an SN2 mechanism.
When I am afraid: Fear in the book of Psalms:

This article explores the concept of fear in the Psalter. We will begin with a brief look at three common words for fear in the Old Testament. Understanding the range of these words and the differe...
Status Disputes and Disparate Dicta: Humor Rhetoric in Luke 16:14-18

This paper explores the Demetrian-like humor rhetoric in the barbed commentary and the disparate dicta found in Luke 16:14-18. In an effort to understand the rhetorical thrust of these peculiarly placed dicta, especially the puzzling inclusion of the divorce dictum, it is important to situate the dicta within their broader Luke-Acts rhetorical context and within the concentric composition of Luke 16:1-31. Essential to the Lukan context is Jesus’ dual status, in particular his status as prophet and divine messianic king. Through the lens of humor rhetoric, we will explore how Luke uses a collection of disparate dicta in order to produce prophetic barbs and Demetrian-like punches.
Enhanced brain delivery with lower hepatic exposure of lazaroid loaded nanostructured lipid carriers developed using a design of experiment approach.

Abstract The current study was designed to develop and optimize lazaroid loaded nano-structured lipid carriers (LAZ-NLCs) using design of experiment approach for enhancing lazaroid brain exposure. Response surface plots were used to determine the effects of independent variables (amount of PEGylating agent and liquid lipid) on dependent variables (particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency), while numerical optimization was used for optimizing LAZ-NLCs composition. The optimal LAZ-NLCs were spherical in shape with measured size of 172.3 ± 3.54 nm, surface charge of −4.54 ± 0.87 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 85.01 ± 2.60%. The optimal LAZ-NLCs were also evaluated for hemolytic potential, storage stability and solid-state properties. The plasma pharmacokinetics along with brain and hepatic distributions of control lazaroid citrate solution and optimal LAZ-NLCs formulation were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats after the single bolus intravenous administration. The optimized LAZ-NLCs and the control lazaroid citrate solution had similar plasma pharmacokinetic profiles; however, differential organ bio-distributions were observed. The lazaroid exposure in brain was enhanced by two times with a decreased liver exposure by half for the NLCs group compared to the solution group.
Towards self-navigating cars using MEMS IMU: Challenges and opportunities

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate strapdown inertial navigation for automobiles with position errors reaching GPS-like accuracies by using a tactical-grade MEMS gyroscope in an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for attitude estimation and a speedometer for velocity estimation. This paper also analyzes the propagation of sensor errors into position error and determines that the gyroscope rate integration error due to combined Angle Random Walk (ARW) and Bias Instability (BI) is the dominant source. We conclude that dead-reckoning the position using tactical-grade MEMS gyroscopes without aiding is feasible for car navigation over 10 minutes with the 30 m position rms error dominated by gyroscope errors (GPS accuracy is 15 m).
Photoredox Cyanomethylation of Indoles: Catalyst Modification and Mechanism

The direct cyanomethylation of indoles at the 2- or 3-position was achieved via photoredox catalysis. The versatile nitrile synthon is introduced as a radical generated from bromoacetonitrile, a photocatalyst, and blue LED as a light source. The mechanism of the reaction is explored by determination of the Stern–Volmer quenching constants. By combining photophysical data and mass spectrometry to follow the catalyst decomposition, the catalyst ligands were tuned to enable synthetically useful yields of radical coupling products. A range of indole substrates with alkyl, aryl, halogen, ester, and ether functional groups participate in the reaction, affording products in 16–90% yields. The reaction allows the rapid construction of synthetically useful cyanomethylindoles, products that otherwise require several synthetic steps.
The nutritional status and dietary adequacy of single homeless women and their children in shelters.

Abstract Data were collected on the nutrient intake and nutritional status of 96 single mothers and their 192 dependent children who had been displaced from their homes. The objective of the study was to provide information on the dietary adequacy of a newly identified subgroup of homeless persons, single women and their dependent children. Once situated in temporary housing, those participating in the study indicated that they believed that they were receiving sufficient food. However, a nutrient analysis found that the study subjects in all age groups were consuming less than 50 percent of the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for iron, magnesium, zinc, and folic acid. Adults were consuming less than 50 percent of the RDA for calcium. The type and amounts of fats consumed were in higher than desirable quantities for a significant number of subjects of all ages. The health risk factors of iron deficiency anemia, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent. The findings indicate a need to examine and remedy nutrient intake deficiencies among single women who are heads of household and their dependent children in temporary housing situations. Diet-related conditions found included low nutrient intakes that may affect child growth and development, risk factors associated with chronic disease, and lack of appropriate foods and knowledge of food preparation methods in shelter situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)