cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies Of Pulsed Laser Irradiation

Simultaneous measurements of the transient conductance, to determine the molten layer thickness versus time, and the time-dependent surface reflectance, to determine the melt duration at the surface during pulsed laser irradiation, are reviewed. These real-time measurements have been applied in a variety of studies of Si and Si-based alloys. In crystalline Si, melt initiates at the surface and propagates to some depth, whereupon the motion of the liquid/solid interface reverses and the material solidifies. In amorphous Si, these measurements were used to determine the melting temperature of the amorphous phase and the mechanism by which explosive crystallization occurs. In Si implanted with impurities, combined transient conductance and reflectance measurements reveal the occurrence of such novel melt and solidification scenarios as internal nucleation of melt and surface nucleation of solid on molten Si. Internal melts, which were previously unexpected, appear to be quite common and explain unusual microstructures observed by TEM.
An electrophoretic study of suspensions of intact mitochondria and fragments of mitochondrial membranes

Abstract The electrophoretic properties of rat-liver mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane fragments produced by sonic disruption have been studied in the pH interval 6.5 to 7.9, using free boundary electrophoresis. The limiting membrane of the intact mitochondrion has been found to bear a net negative charge of 2.7–3.7·10 3 esu cm −2 . It is apparent that there are no titratable groups with a p K in the range of 6.5–7.9 on the mitochodrrial surface. Evidence is presented which indicates that the anion HPO 4 = is bound by the mitochondrial surface. An investigation of the electrophoretic mobility as a function of the degree of motochondrial swelling, which shows that there is no significant change in the charge density per unit area, suggests that the large increase in surface area associated with swelling does not occur by a “stretching” process. A comparison of the electrophoretic behavior of intact mitochondria and sonic membrane fragments indicates that the electrokinetic surface of shear is not the same in these two preparations.
Computer Science and its Relation to Mathematics

(1974). Computer Science and its Relation to Mathematics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 323-343.
Workers of the World, Consume: Ira Steward and the Origins of Labor Consumerism

A distinction has generally been made between the producer and the consumer … we have been led to suppose that the producer and the consumer were totally separate individuals, with separate and distinct interests, when in reality all producers are consumers.
The Consolidation of the White Southern Congressional Vote

This article explores the initial desertion and continued realignment of about one-sixth of the white voters in the South who, until 1994, stood by Democratic congressional candidates even as they voted for Republican presidential nominees. Prior to 1994, a sizable share of the white electorate distinguished between Democratic congressional and presidential candidates; since 1994 that distinction has been swept away. In 1992, a majority of white southern voters was casting their ballot for the Democratic House nominee; by 1994, the situation was reversed and 64 percent cast their ballot for the Republican. Virtually all categories of voters increased their support of Republican congressional candidates in 1994 and the following elections further cement GOP congressional support in the South. Subsequent elections are largely exercises in partisanship, as the congressional votes mirror party preferences. Republicans pull nearly all GOP identifiers, most independents, and a sizeable minority of Democratic id...
Structure and relative acidity for a model zinc finger

Abstract We have performed ab initio computations examining the structure and relative acidity for a model (Zn(II)–(H 2 S) 2 (Imidazole) 2 ) for the zinc finger binding site. All possible deprotonated forms were studied. The lowest energy complex was a mono-deprotonated form (Zn(II)–(H 2 S)(HS − )(Imidazole) 2 ). In addition, we found that a triply deprotonated form (Zn(II)–(H 2 S)–(HS − )(deprotonated imidazole) 2 ) rearranges to unique but not unexpected forms.
Variations in Mg/Ca as a Control on Distribution of Strontium Concentrations and ^dgr18O in Upper Tertiary Dolomites from Bahamas: ABSTRACT

Strontium concentrations and ^dgr18O are commonly used to infer the gross composition of dolomitizing waters, yet the bases for such inferences are not firmly established. A new approach to calibrating these 2 parameters is suggested from analyses of a section of upper Tertiary dolomites from the Bahamas. In an interval of dolomite, 120 m (394 ft) thick from a core taken on San Salvador Island, mole % MgCO3 is correlated positively with ^dgr18O, and negatively with strontium. Strontium substitutes mainly for calcium, thus the negative correlation with the mole % MgCO3. Dolomites are enriched between 3 to 7% in ^dgr18O as compared with coprecipitated calcite, and thus the positive correlation. These two covariations indicate the need to consider the stoichiometric coefficient of dolomites, and to normalize strontium concentrations and ^dgr18O with their respective stoichiometric coefficients before inferring their relationship with fluid composition. End_of_Article - Last_Page 533------------
The Great Barcoding Project: Barcoding 400,000 Volumes in 13 Days at Indiana State University Libraries

In 13 days, 68 staff members,working with volunteers and student assistants, barcoded 400,000 books. Barcode labels, containing location designation, call number, and barcode number, were produced from and linked to the bibliographic database. Recommendations for other institutions anticipating a similar “crash program” are included.
Glyoxal Oxidase From Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Is a New Radical-Copper Oxidase

A free radical-coupled copper complex has been identified as the catalytic structure in the active site of glyoxal oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium based on a combination of spectroscopic and biochemical studies. The native (inactive) enzyme is activated by oxidants leading to the elimination of the cupric EPR signal consistent with formation of an antiferromagnetically coupled radical-copper complex. Oxidation also leads to the appearance of a substoichiometric free radical EPR signal with an average g value (gav = 2.0055) characteristic of phenoxyl π-radicals arising from a minority apoenzyme fraction. Optical absorption, CD, and spectroelectrochemical measurements on the active enzyme reveal complex spectra extending into the near IR and define the redox potential for radical formation (E1/2 = 0.64 V versus NHE, pH 7.0). Resonance Raman spectra have identified the signature of a modified (cysteinyl-tyrosine) phenoxyl in the vibrational spectra of the active complex. This radical-copper motif has previously been found only in galactose oxidase, with which glyoxal oxidase shares many properties despite lacking obvious sequence identity, and catalyzing a distinct reaction. The enzymes thus represent members of a growing class of free radical metalloenzymes based on the radical-copper catalytic motif and appear to represent functional variants that have evolved to distinct catalytic roles.
SU-E-T-232: Proton Source Modeling for Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulations.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of initial proton beam source placement, distribution and angle on the proton dose distribution in a therapeutic nozzle using Geant4. Methods: We performed Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations of a passively scattered proton treatment nozzle. Accurate geometry including all elements in the treatment room was used. Protons were generated just inside the vacuum pipe using one of two models. First, a standard two dimensional Gaussian distribution of proton starting position was used with a small random angle added to the initial direction. The size of the Gaussian distribution and the random angle were set to match measured beam spot size and angular spread at the exit window. Second, a point source of protons further back in the vacuum pipe with a small random angle was used. The distance of the point source to exit window and the random angle were set to match the spot size and angular deviation used for the Gaussian distribution. Depth dose curves and orthogonal beam profiles were examined to determine changes between the two models. Results: Orthogonal beam profiles for large apertures showed changes of up to 6.5% between the two models with the point source showing much better agreement with measured data. Depth dose curves and orthogonal profiles for small apertures were unaffected. For large apertures, the average difference compared to measured data was of 1.9% and 0.7% and the max difference was 5.0% and 1.6% for Gaussian and point sources, respectively. Conclusions: The point source more realistically models the proton distribution in the vacuum pipe by correlating the proton position with the direction. For certain scattering setups and large apertures point source modeling is necessary to accurate match measured data with Monte Carlo simulations.
Nucleic acids, proteins, and chirality

The present investigation is concerned with experimental results related, in one case, to the chirality of nucleotides, and, in another case, to the possibility of a link between the chirality of nucleic acids, and that of peptides. It has been found that aminoacylation of the 'internal' hydroxyl group of a dinucleoside monophosphate can occur stereoselectively. However, this reaction has not yet been made a part of a working peptide synthesis scheme. The formation and cleavage of oligonucleotides is considered. In the event of the formation of a helical complex between the oligonucleotide and the polymer, 1-prime,5-prime-bonds in the oligomer are found to become more resistant towards cleavage. The conditions required for peptide bond formation are examined, taking into account the known structures of RNA and possible mechanisms for prebiotic peptide bond formation. The possibility is considered that the 2-prime,5-prime-internucleotide linkage could have played an important part in the early days of biological peptide synthesis.
Trace elements in primitive meteorites—V. Abundance patterns of thirteen trace elements and interelement relationships in enstatite chondrites

Abstract Neutron activation analysis was used to determine As, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Ga, In, Sb, Se, Te, Tl and Zn in 11 samples representing 9 chondrites of grades E4–6. These chondrites exhibit systematic intra- and inter-grade differences particularly for highly-variable elements, the differences being E4 ⩾ E3 > E6 ⩾ E5. The abundance pattern for these 13 and an additional 16 elements in E3-6 chondrites differs from those of other primitive meteorites—the carbonaceous and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites. A search for statistically-significant interelement relationships among the 13 elements (for grades E4–6) reveal that 40 elementpairs are linearly and/or exponentially correlated. Similar consideration of data for 37 elements in 12 chondrites (grades E3–6) reveals that 191 element-pairs exhibit such relationships, 170 involving linear and/or exponential correlations, the remainder involving anti-correlations. The patterns depicting these relationships—i.e. the correlation profiles—and elemental abundance patterns, factor analysis and two-element correlation diagrams are consistent with all enstatite chondrites representing a single evolutionary sequence. The primary process responsible for the chemical trends of these chondrites involved thermal fractionation accompanied by geochemical fractionation of sulfide-plus-metal from silicate, probably during condensation and accretion of solid material from the solar nebula. Chalcophile elements may have been fractionated during condensation or, after accretion, during thermal metamorphism in the parent body. No genetic model proposed thus far accounts for the detailed chemical trends, although the constrained equilibrium theory and two-component condensation theories qualitatively seem most satisfactory. The correlation profiles of enstatite, carbonaceous and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites are distinctly different, pointing to major differences in the formation conditions of these different sorts of primitive meteorites.
CARICOM: Confronting the Challenges of Mediation and Conflict Resolution

Abstract This paper seeks to accomplish the following objectives: 1) to identify the current and latent conflicts that affect CARICOM countries; 2) to examine the role and strategies of CARICOM in the area of conflict resolution; 3) and to explain why CARICOM has been largely unsuccessful in bringing about long-term solutions to conflicts within member countries, among member countries, and between members and non-members. The central argument is that CARICOM'S political culture is the most serious impediment to its effectiveness in resolving conflicts. Subsidiary arguments relate to the problems posed by an increasingly interventionist CARICOM currently organisationally and operationally ill equipped to play the role of mediator – its preferred mode of intervention. Remedial adjustments are proposed.
Novel effect of chronic corticosterone treatment on escape behavior in rats.

Chronic administration of corticosterone in rats (4–35 mg/kg/day) produces a marked dose-dependent increase in the frequency of escape behavior observed when animals are held by the tail on a flat surface. The effect is fully developed after 3 days treatment. It is not the result of an increase in spontaneous motor activity since the hormone tends to reduce the latter behavior. Adrenalectomy decreases the escape behavior and tends to do so to a greater degree in rats subjected to chronic stress (restraint) than in nonstressed controls. The results suggest that endogenous corticosterone serves to maintain the above escape behavior during chronic stress.
Electronic Reserves: An Opportunity for Collaboration

During the Fall 1999 semester, a pilot electronic reserves project was developed through the collaborative efforts of the library staff and history faculty of the William Paterson University of New Jersey. The University promotes an electronic information environment and supports distance education initiatives, and logically the Library contributes to this mission by increasing and improving access to its materials. As the University's student population diversifies, similarly our approach to library services evolves to incorporate new technologies and a networked campus. An electronic reserves project provides an opportunity to test partnerships that ultimately impact the entire University community.
Alternative life cycle strategies of Megalodiscus temperatus in tadpoles and metamorphosed anurans.

Megalodiscus temperatus (Stafford, 1905) is a common paramphistome trematode of North American amphibians with a two host life cycle and has been reported to infect frogs and rarely tadpoles. In this study we document the alternative life cycle strategy of M. temperatus in tadpoles and metamorphosed anurans. We show through field work and experimental infections that M temperatus can establish in both anuran life stages and worms become gravid and release eggs in both tadpoles and metamorphosed frogs. However, worms exhibit differences in route of infection, development, egg production, and diet in tadpoles and metamorphosed anurans. These alternative life history strategies of M. temperatus suggest different selective pressures on the development and reproductive success of these worms in tadpoles and metamorphosed anurans, and we discuss the evolutionary avenues for and constraints on amphibian trematode life cycles presented by these two different anuran life stages.
The O2- generating oxidoreductase of human neutrophils: evidence of an obligatory requirement for calcium and magnesium for expression of catalytic activity.

Abstract NADPH-dependent O 2 − generating oxidoreductase activity recovered from cell lysates of phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human neutrophils exhibits dependence on Ca +2 and Mg +2 for full expression of its catalytic activity. O 2 − generating activity was completely abolished by exposure of the oxidoreductase to EDTA, then reconstituted by exposure of the enzyme to Ca +2 and Mg +2 in excess of the EDTA concentration used to block catalytic activity. The oxidoreductase responded maximally to either 0.25 mM Ca +2 or 0.80 mM Mg +2 . The pH optimum of the oxidoreductase exposed to Ca +2 and Mg +2 is between pH 7.0 and 7.6. The molar ratio of NADPH oxidation to O 2 − production determined at pH 7.6 in the presence of Ca +2 and Mg +2 is 0.49, indicating 1 mole of NADPH oxidized per 2 moles of O 2 − formed. Particulate fractions recovered from cell lysates of resting neutrophils exhibited no oxidoreductase activity under the same conditions.
THE POTHOLE LAKE FIRE : AN ANALYSIS OF EMOTION IN A SUCCESSFUL EMERGENCY RESPONSE

This study explores the emotional content of an effective disaster response situation and its coordination by the Incident Command System. Twenty-seven firefighters and local residents were interviewed during a major wildfire in 1991. The resulting videotapes were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for their emotional content. Results indicated that a variety of factors led to the success of the disaster response effort, including the use of the Incident Command System, luck, the nature of the disaster, and the cooperation of the town and local agencies. This methodology is recommended for future case studies researching emotions and crises.
Finite memory algorithms for testing bernoulli random variables

This paper solves the basic multiple hypothesis-testing problem with a time-varying finite-state automaton. Let X 1 , X 2 ,…, be a sequence of iid Bernoulli random variables with unknown parameter p = Pr( X i = 1). The K -hypothesis testing problem is investigated under the following assumptions: the X i 's are observed sequentially, and summarized after each new observation by an m -valued statistic T n 1,…, m which is updated by an algorithm of the form T n = f n ( T n —1 , X n ). Two automata are exhibited which make only a finite number of errors with probability one: ℳ 1 , a 2 K -state machine resolving perfectly the K simple hypotheses H k : p = p k ( k = 1,…, K ); and ℳ 2 , a 4-state machine solving the difficult testing problem H 0 : p = p 0 versus H 1 : p ≠ p o . The algorithms do not require artificial randomization. The rate of convergence is related to the Kullback discrimination information between the hypotheses.
Electron excitations in solid C 60 : Energy gap, band dispersions, and effects of orientational disorder

Electron excitation energies and photoemission spectra in undoped, solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ are calculated using a quasiparticle approach. The effects of orientational disorder and electron correlations are studied. We find a band gap of 2.15 eV, in good agreement with experiment, and \ensuremath{\sim}1 eV widths for the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital (HOMO) and lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital (LUMO) bands. Calculated angle-resolved, inverse photoemission spectra for the LUMO bands show very little angular dependence, explaining recent experimental work on epitaxial thin films. The present results suggest that undoped, solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is a standard band insulator.
A Struggle with Faith: Freedom of Religion in Malaysia

For many people, the central issue regarding freedom of religion involves the freedom to practice one's chosen religion without burdensome governmental interference. For others, the problems can be very muddled between the struggle for free exercise within state established religions and free exercise for minority religious adherents in nations' with state established religions. This comment examines some of the conflicting options for minority religious adherents in Malaysia and analyzes some of the procedural boundaries faced by minority religious adherents with a special emphasis on one woman's struggle.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of microbubble formation in microfluidic flow-focusing devices

Bubble formation in a microfluidic flow-focusing device is simulated using the volume-of-fluid approach to achieve a complete solution of the Navier–Stokes equations for both the gas and liquid phases. The results of the simulation show good agreement with previous experimental results. A detailed examination of the predicted pressure and velocity profiles from the simulation also provide further validation for the conclusions drawn previously with experimental results. The simulation results show the existence of two distinct modes of bubble formation. Simulations of systems an order of magnitude smaller than those investigated experimentally indicate that such reduced systems sizes are a viable approach that would result in much smaller bubble sizes.
Stability and the fuzzy controller

Abstract This paper corrects a part of the main result (Theorem 1) in Buckley (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 77 (1996) 167–173).
Cycloheximide insensitive nuclear protein synthesis partially suppressed by chloramphenicol: Some possible implications in the evolution of eukaryotes

Abstract 1. 1. Cycloheximide-resistant nuclear protein synthesis that is almost completely suppressed by puromycin and partially inhibited by chloramphenicol can be demonstrated with the use of a mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line exhibiting a temperature-sensitive defect in cytoplasmic non-mitochondrial protein synthesis. 2. 2. For a number of reasons, mitochondria are unlikely to be the source of chloramphenicol-sensitive cycloheximide-resistant nuclear protein synthesis. 3. 3. The existence of nuclear protein synthesis that is unaffected by cycloheximide and partially inhibited by chloramphenicol raises a number of questions about the evolution of eukaryotic cell nuclei.
A Hybrid of Impulsive and Continuous Control for Kneeless Bipedal Walking

The objective of this paper is to develop a simple active control scheme for a kneeless bipedal walking robot. Our control objective is to generate asymptotically stable walking gait pattern by impulsive control actions at the feet of the robot. Consequently, a nonlinear impulsive controller is designed for the hybrid dynamics of the system that can actively generate a wide range of desired ballistic walking gaits on a flat surface. Furthermore, the role of continuous control in the closed loop dynamics of the system is investigated. We show a combination of continuous and impulsive control can maintain a non-scuffing bipedal walking on arbitrary ground slope angles. Our results show that the controlled systems successfully generate active gaits without significant degradation in the energetic efficiencies of the equivalent passive systems.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: Effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine

Abstract The rate of non-quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release was estimated at the mouse neuromuscular junction by observing the effect of (+)-tubocurarine on endplate membrane potential or current in preparations pretreated with an irreversible anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE). Voltage clamping was an effective method for measuring nonquantal release. Non-quantal release was markedly inhibited by 10 μM aconitine. Non-quantal release was not significantly increased by 10 μM dihyroouabain (DHO). (It has been reported that ouabain increases the leak.) Non-quantal release was roughly doubled following exposure to hypertonic solution or to elevated K + -solution. This is in accord with the hypothesis that the leak is by way of ACh transporters incorporated into the terminal membrane following exocytosis, but other interpretations remain to be tested.
XIX. Note on an important property of the auto-transformer

Synopsis Voltage formulas are given for the auto-transformer and a method for measuring the leakage-fluxes, effective resistances, exciting impedance, and effective turns-ratio of a transformer.
Purification of human red cell acetylcholinesterase.

Abstract The acetylcholinesterase in human red blood cells was extracted from the stromata by means of the surface-active substance polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). After a series of purification steps, preparations dried in the frozen state were freed of Tween by extraction with acetone and freed of lipide by extraction with n-butanol or ethanol. The dry powders, representing a 250-fold purification, were stable at 7 °. Electrophoresis on paper showed that the isoelectric point of the esterase lies below pH 6.0.
Magnetoconductivity due to quantum interference in strongly underdoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O x

We report magnetoconductivity measurements on ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ $(x=6.25$ and $6.36)$ single crystals. Our main result is that both the in-plane $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ and out-of-plane $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ magnetoconductivities exhibit the field dependence characteristic of ``two-dimensional'' quantum interference in applied magnetic fields $H||c.$ Namely, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c,\mathrm{ab}}\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{ln}{H/H}_{0}g0,$ with $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ substantially greater than $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}/{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}.$ We interpret this result as an evidence of interlayer incoherence in these crystals, so that the phase-coherent trajectories are mostly confined to one bilayer.
Ionospheric holes - A review of theory and recent experiments

Artificially induced ionospheric holes result from in situ injections of highly reactive molecules, which greatly enhance the chemical recombination rates between the ions and electrons found in the upper atmosphere. During the past decade, experiment-of-opportunity observations, theory and computer simulations have succeeded in establishing plasma-depletion experiments as a useful tool for probing the normal and disturbed behavior of the ionosphere. Ionospheric-hole experiments now focus on applications of the technique to laboratory-in-space investigations of various space plasma processes.
Sex Differences in Self-Reported Delinquency and Official Records: A Multiple-Group Structural Modeling Approach

There has been a large increase in research in the last 10 years or so on the nature, extent, and causes of female delinquency, especially on how patterns differ from those of male delinquency. Few research efforts, however, have systematically examined sex differences in the reliability and construct validity of the most common technique used in causal research-the self—report method. The present study addresses this issue by empirically examining male-female differences in self-report reliabilities and the effect of the prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior on official contact (i.e., arrest, court referrals). Multiple-group covriance structure models are employed to test hypotheses of measurement and structural invariance. The major conclusion is that while self-report measurement parameters (e.g., reliabilities) may differ, the structural link between the prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior and official contact is generally invariant with respect to sex.
ERIC database alternatives and strategies for education researchers

Purpose – This paper seeks to address scholarly concerns related to the performance of the “new” Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) database and provides education researchers and those who teach education research (at the Reference Desk, in a lab or “chatting” with a student at 2.00 am) a means of evaluating and selecting alternative databases based on their relative coverage of major education journals. Alternative research strategies are discussed in light of ERIC's loss of position and importance as a single, comprehensive education resource. Broader implications regarding the role of librarians as educators are presented.Design/methodology/approach – The journal indexing coverage of ERIC (old and new) and alternative databases were checked against two recent Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Journal Citation Reports (most cited journals in 2004 and 2005) in three categories: Education and Educational Research, Special Education, and Educational Psychology. The results are presented...
Improvements In Optical Fiber Reliability Via High Fatigue Resistant Composition

The strength and fatigue data for Corning's single mode fiber (standard fiber) whose surface composition is 100% SiO 2 are compared with those of Corning's HFR fiber (developmental fiber) whose surface composition is predominantly SiO 2 but doped with a minor amount of another oxide. The modification of surface composition of the latter fiber results in a substantially higher fatigue constant n which is principally responsible for observed improvements in both the short-term and long-term reliability of HFR fiber relative to standard fiber. The strength data, both in tension and bending, in various environments are compared for short gage lengths of both types of fiber and found to be consistent with their compositional differences. The dynamic fatigue constant of 10 m long fibers, under tensile loading in 100% RH, is found to be 30% higher for HFR fiber than that for standard fiber, consistent with the measurements for bulk glasses of same compositions. Similarly, the static fatigue data in two point bending of both types of fiber in 80°C liquid water yield orders of magnitude longer lifetimes for HFR fiber than for standard fiber for a given strain level. The corresponding n value in bending is also higher for HFR fiber than for standard fiber. Thus, both the tensile and bending fatigue data are consistent with surface compositional differences pointing out another way for improving fiber reliability in service. Furthermore, the bending fatigue data for HFR fiber do not show the presence of a "knee" in failure time vs. flexural strain plot, unlike standard fiber.
BPS-saturated bound states of tilted p-branes in type II string theory

We find BPS-saturated solutions of M theory and type II string theory which correspond to (nonmarginally) bound states of p-branes intersecting at angles different from {pi}/2. These solutions are obtained by starting with a BPS marginally bound (orthogonally) intersecting configurations of two p-branes (e.g., two four-branes of type II string theory), performing a boost transformation at an angle with respect to the world volume of the configuration, performing T-duality transformation along the boost direction, S-duality transformation, and T transformations along the direction perpendicular to the boost transformation. The resulting configuration is a nonmarginally bound BPS-saturated solution whose {ital static metric} possesses the off-diagonal term which {ital cannot} be removed by a coordinate transformation, and thus signifies an angle (different from {pi}/2) between the resulting intersecting p-branes. Additional new p-branes are bound to this configuration, in order to ensure the stability of such a static, tilted configuration. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
The role of specialists and general practitioners in provision of prosthodontic services

Abstract The national situation regarding prosthodontic services is being shaped by the following factors: 1.There is an increasing number of people in the 60-, 70-, and 80-year-old age group. 24 2.There is less dental caries, which has resulted in more teeth in the adult population. 3.There is less gingivitis, but it is unclear whether this factor is significant. 4.There is an ongoing debate about the continued prevalence and severity of periodontitis, but with more teeth and more older adults there appears to be a great potential for an increase in the total amount of advanced periodontal disease. 5.There is somewhat less total edentulism. 6.There is a substantial unmet need for complete dentures as well as fixed and removable partial dentures. In summary, the stage is set for an increased demand for prosthodontic services.
Thermodynamic parameters and experimental data for the NaKCa geothermometer

Abstract The standard literature values for the thermodynamic parameters of a quartz—two-feldspar reaction are not consistent with the constants of Fournier and Truesdell. The constants in the geothermometer expression have been re-evaluated by the method of leastsquares using both the data compiled by Fournier and Truesdell and new experimental data. The resultant thermodynamic parameters also eliminate feldspar-quartz as the controlling phase assemblage and, in conjunction with experimental observations, suggest that many different alteration phase reactions involving thermodynamically similar clays and zeolites may buffer the solution to the observed compositions. A single formulation of the NaKCa geothermometer may, therefore, be appropriate over a given temperature range for dilute aqueous systems in a number of different altered rocks containing framework silicates. The new constants using the least-squares fit of the Fournier and Truesdell data yield the following revised NaKCa geothermometer equations: log ( Na + K + ) − 6.3 log ( Ca 2+ Na + ) = −22200/T+64.2 for T log ( Na + K + ) + 0.055 log ( Ca 2+ Na + ) = 1416/T+−1.69 for T
Towards developing standardized protocols for evaluation of cellular mucosal immune responses - Recommendations from a DAIDS/NIH workshop, June 15-16, 2009.

Abstract Although 80% of HIV infections occur through mucosal routes and vaccine strategies need to be designed for inducing protective immune responses at the site of the viral entry, it has proven to be very challenging to measure these responses. A 2-day workshop was convened by Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health on June 15–16, 2009 to address the challenges encountered in the evaluation of mucosal T cell immune responses. The goal of the workshop was to obtain recommendations/consensus for developing standardized protocols for the assessment of mucosal immunity. This report summarizes the areas of consensus and recommendations that should assist in developing standardized methodologies for the evaluation of mucosal immune responses.
Noncompliance in the Elderly: A Pathway to Suicide

Current suicide statistics only represent a portion of suicides committed by the elderly. Indirect self-destructive behaviors (ISDBs) cause many more deaths than direct methods yet they often are ignored, misinterpreted, or unidentified. Medical noncompliance is identified as a form of ISDB, leading to diminished quality of life and an expedited death. While noncompliance occurs for a variety of reasons, it is a form of self-destruction for a portion of the elderly population. The nurse practitioner is in a unique role to identify ISDBs, as well as risk factors for developing these behaviors, and to construct methods for intervening and supporting those who wish to continue life.
XML middleware for scalable web mining

As the Web technology is progressing, XML (Extensible Markup Language) has become a new data exchange format for future Web mining and applications. Various XML middleware have been developed for transferring Web data stored in relational databases to XML documents enabling a uniform data searching technique. However, these developments are not efficient due to their using extra memory and database resources that lead to poor scalability in Web mining development. In this paper, we explore the research on building an efficient XML middleware for large-scale Web mining applications. Our approach is that if the XML structure can be properly embedded in the creation of relational content during XML middleware table construction, the data in the relational database could be retrieved with minimum amount of memory and database resources. The results of our approach will be analyzed and comparisons with related research will be made.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Beam Extraction System for the K=500 Superconducting Cyclotron

In addition to three electrostatic deflectors, the proposed extraction system contains six sets of "focusing bars." Calculations are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of these elements for both beam deflection and focusing. Next, the troublesome field perturbations produced by the focusing bars are discussed, together with the design for "compensating bars." Preextraction orbit calculations are then presented to show the evolution of the radial and axial phase space areas associated with the accelerating beam, and to demonstrate the effects of various resonances including those generated by the focusing bars.
Genomic and geographic distribution of private SNPs and pathways in human populations.

Aims: Geography-based genetic differentials operating on entire biochemical pathways may reflect different adaptive evolutionary processes that separated populations may have undergone. They may al...
Gain-enhanced distributed amplifier-based CRLH-leaky wave antenna for quasi-resonant power recycling scheme

A distributed amplifier combined with CRLH-leaky wave antennas (LWAs) for a new resonant type power recycling scheme is proposed. By connecting a closed loop to the LWA on the drain side of the distributed amplifier, we can obtain gain enhancement compared to the one directly terminated without the loop. Such enhancement fluctuates with respect to the frequency. At some specific frequencies, the enhancement reaches a maximum. The phenomenon will be explained theoretically and validated through the measurement and simulation in this paper.
Health Literacy Knowledge Among Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising Professionals

While direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising has been the subject of ongoing debate, to this point the perspective of the advertising professionals engaged in creating these ads has been absent from the discussion. This study, consisting of in-depth interviews with advertising professionals (N = 22), was an initial investigation focused on these individuals. The primary purpose of this study was to explore advertising professionals' understanding of health literacy-consumers' ability to obtain, process, and act on health information; with that context in place, participants' views on the role of DTC advertising, industry regulations, and the future of the industry were also investigated. While some participants knew nothing about health literacy or had a relatively simple conceptualization (e.g., grade level of written materials), others exhibited more nuanced understanding of health literacy (e.g., the need to pair relevant images with text to enhance understanding). Participants spoke of the potential public health benefit of DTC advertising in educating consumers about health issues, but were realistic that such efforts on the part of pharmaceutical companies were driven primarily by business concerns-educational messages need to be tied directly to an advertised medication and its benefits. These professionals spoke of industry regulations as presenting additional barriers to effective communication and suggested that industry trends toward more niche products will necessitate more patient education about less well-known health issues. Directions for future research are considered, as more investigation of this understudied group is necessary to enrich the DTC prescription drug advertising debate.
Outcomes and Risk Factors in Urogenital Mobilization

Abstract Purpose Urogenital mobilization is a recent advance in reconstruction for urogenital sinus anomalies. Use of the mobilized sinus has improved cosmetics and function. Concern remains regarding outcomes, particularly continence with total or urogenital mobilization techniques. Other concerns include delayed stress incontinence, sensation loss and vaginal foreshortening. Material and Methods We reviewed our last 50 vaginoplasties; 44 of whom had either a total or partial urogenital mobilization. This group of 44 was analyzed for early continence, cosmetics and vaginal stenosis, as well as underlyling neurologic status. Results Eighteen underwent TUM (7 neurologically normal, 11 have significant neurologic or anatomic abnormalities): 26 underwent PUM (25 neurologically normal, only 1 had a neurologic abnormality). Neurologically normal children > 3 years old are continent regardless of TUM versus PUM. Of those neurologically impaired, 2 are dry voiding, 7 are dry with CIC and 2 are wet. Only 1 of 44 has vaginal stenosis. Cosmetics are excellent. Conclusions PUM and TUM appear safe from an early continence standpoint. Early continence appears to be related more to underlying neurological status than the procedure. Cosmetics are excellent. Vaginal stenosis has been rare. Late stress continence, sensation, or need for secondary procedures following TUM or PUM remain unknown.
Turbulent mixing noise from jet exhaust nozzles

Understanding the complex turbulent mixing noise sources for jet exhaust nozzles is critical to delivering the next generation of "green" low-noise jet engines. High performance computing resources are used to develop/prove hi-fidelity direct-from-first-principles predictions of noise to characterize these hard to measure acoustic sources.A scalable, compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) --based Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) solver is used to study free-shear layer noise from jet exhaust nozzles, and boundary layer noise sources from airfoils. Representative wind turbine airfoils are simulated at realistic Reynolds & Mach numbers to mature CAA prediction accuracy. To prove design differentiation capability and hence readiness as an numerical rig ready to accelerate industrial design, the LES/large-scale HPC combination is being proven on a range of jet nozzle configurations.
Interventional procedures in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. There is evidence that primary (direct) percutaneous intervention (PCI) may improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with acute MI. Methods We present a concise, comprehensive, evidence-based literature review of modern techniques of primary PCI in patients with acute MI. A comparison to thrombolytic therapy, especially in selected patient subgroups is made. Rescue angioplasty is also addressed. Adjunctive pharmacology, economic implications, and feasibility of implementation are discussed. A brief discussion of experimental therapies is included. Results Primary PCI is an acceptable alternative to thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute MI and may result in superior outcomes in select patient populations, especially the elderly, patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery, those with congestive heart failure, and those in cardiogenic shock. Conclusions Clinical trials support the use of primary PCI as first-line therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Patients in whom thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated or known to have reduced efficacy are also excellent candidates for this therapy. Ongoing advancements in equipment and adjunctive therapies continue to enhance delivery of this treatment as well as improve patient outcome. (Am Heart J 2001;141:15-24.)
Structural Databases of Biological Macromolecules

A biological macromolecule's function is determined by the chemical and physical characteristics of its three-dimensional (3D) shape, or ‘structure’. For this reason, knowing the structure of a biomolecule is very helpful if we want to be able to understand living systems and disease. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) began as an archive of the structural data available about biological macromolecules. The advances made in all technologies have been mirrored in further development of the PDB and in the structural speciality and structural characteristic databases that have also evolved. New resource portals such as the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) Structural Biology Knowledgebase (SBKB) also collect all available genomic, structural, and functional information together to reduce the time needed to obtain the latest information on structurally determined proteins. This article will describe selected structural databases and resources available to the public today. Key Concepts: Structural information about proteins at the atomic-level can lead to an explanation of its role in living systems. The Protein Data Bank archive is the sole provider of primary structural data of biological macromolecules worldwide. The four members of the worldwide protein data bank consortium, the RCSB PDB, PDBe, PDBj and BMRB, maintain the PDB archive and provide tools for exploring and understanding the structural entries. Other value-added databases further classify derived structural information by combining the structural and/or biological aspects of a biomolecule. Meta-portals such as the Structural Biology Knowledgebase integrate all available genetic, structural, functional, and experimental information for all structurally determined proteins to enable a better understanding of sequence–structure–function relationships. Keywords: structural biology; databases; crystallography; nuclear magnetic resonance; electron cryomicroscopy; structural genomics; structural proteomics
Treatment preferences among problem drinkers in primary care

Objective:Alcohol misuse is common among primary care patients, yet many do not receive treatment because doctors believe problem drinkers are “in denial,” or are unwilling to change their drinking habits. The real problem, however, may be that patients are being offered treatment modalities that do not meet their needs. This study was designed to measure the acceptability of various treatment options among drinkers who were currently not receiving treatment.Method:Patients in a primary care clinic were given a self-report questionnaire that included: (1) the Alcohol Use Disorders Questionnaire, (2) a measure of readiness to change drinking behavior, and (3) a list of treatment modalities to be rated based on level of interest.Results:Within a random sample of 402 patients, 40.2% reported high risk drinking and 16.3% reported problem drinking. Among the latter group, 89.3% were either considering change, or had begun to take steps to make changes in their drinking behaviors. When asked about treatment pre...
NON-THERMAL EFFECTS IN STARK BROADENING*

When an atom is immersed in a plasma the energy levels are broadened and shifted by the interaction with the fluctuating electric field of the plasma. We discuss the effect of this field on the spectral line shape by the use of results from plasma kinetic theory. In particular we show that in the equilibrium plasma the dominant effect is from single-particle collisions although correlation effects lead to a different result from the usual impact theory. In nonequilibrium plasmas the collective modes can become important and lead to appreciable satellites on the forbidden lines. In the case of a two-temperature electron gas the plasma wave effect is considerably enhanced. The possibility of observing the satellites in unstable plasmas is discussed and the relationship to quasilinear theory is given. In particular, we show that in isotropic systems the line shape can be used to directly observe the turbulent spectrum.