cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potato Tuber Yield, Tuber Size Distribution, and Quality as Impacted by Preceding Green Manure Cover Crops

Sustainable potato production systems are needed to maintain higher tuber yield and quality. Studies were conducted from 2005 to 2008 on commercial potato farms to evaluate the effect of preceding green manure cover crops on potato tuber yield, tuber size distribution, and quality. Sorghum sudan (Sorghum sudanensis var super sweet), Sorghum sudan (Sorghum sudanensis var sordan 79), mustard (Brassica spp.), and canola (Brassica napus) were planted prior to the 2006 and 2007 potato crop. Another treatment included sordan 79 planted but the above ground biomass removed for hay before incorporating the stubble and roots into the soil. A wet fallow plot where no cover crops were planted was included as a control. Additional green manure cover crops planted prior to the 2008 potato crop included barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), barley plus applied compost, sunflower (Helianthus annus), peas (Pisum sativum), and annual rye grass (Lolium spp.). Results from these studies suggest that green manure cover crops can increase potato tuber yield by increasing tuber size, and can improve tuber quality by reducing tuber external defects such as knobs, growth cracks, and misshapes. The positive impact of sorghum sudan suggest that it is possible to harvest the above ground biomass for hay and still obtain high tuber yield and quality when the remaining stubble and roots are plowed into the soil prior to planting potatoes.
A Joint Experimental and Computational Study of the Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the 1-Phospha-2,3,4-triazolate Anion, HCPN3(.).

We report here the results of a combined experimental and computational study of the negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) of the recently synthesized, planar, aromatic, HCPN3– ion. The adiabatic electron detachment energy of HCPN3– (electron affinity of HCPN3•) was measured to be 3.555 ± 0.010 eV, a value that is intermediate between the electron detachment energies of the closely related (CH)2N3– and P2N3– ions. High level electronic structure calculations and Franck–Condon factor (FCF) simulations reveal that transitions from the ground state of the anion to two nearly degenerate, low-lying, electronic states, of the neutral HCPN3• radical are responsible for the congested peaks at low binding energies in the NIPE spectrum. The best fit of the simulated NIPE spectrum to the experimental spectrum indicates that the ground state of HCPN3• is a 5π-electron 2A″ π radical state, with a 6π-electron, 2A′, σ radical state being at most 1.0 kcal/mol higher in energy.
Reactivity of the copper(III)-hydroxide unit with phenols

Kinetic studies of the reactions of two previously characterized copper(III)-hydroxide complexes (LCuOH and NO2LCuOH, where L = N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridine-dicarboxamide and NO2L = N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-4-nitrophenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide) with a series of para substituted phenols (XArOH where X = NMe2, OMe, Me, H, Cl, NO2, or CF3) were performed using low temperature stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopy. Second-order rate constants (k) were determined from pseudo first-order and stoichiometric experiments, and follow the trends CF3 < NO2 < Cl < H < Me < OMe < NMe2 and LCuOH < NO2LCuOH. The data support a concerted proton–electron transfer (CPET) mechanism for all but the most acidic phenols (X = NO2 and CF3), for which a more complicated mechanism is proposed. For the case of the reactions between NO2ArOH and LCuOH in particular, competition between a CPET pathway and one involving initial proton transfer followed by electron transfer (PT/ET) is supported by multiwavelength global analysis of the kinetic data, formation of the phenoxide NO2ArO− as a reaction product, observation of an intermediate [LCu(OH2)]+ species derived from proton transfer from NO2ArOH to LCuOH, and thermodynamic arguments indicating that initial PT should be competitive with CPET.
Forfeiting Defense Attorneys' Fees: Applying an Institutional Role Theory to Define Individual Constitutional Rights

Two federal laws, the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Statute (RICO) and the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute (CCE), authorize criminal forfeiture of the proceeds of drug trafficking and racketeering activities. Both statutes permit forfeiture not only of property actually held by RICO and CCE defendants, but also may reach assets that these defendants owe or have transferred to third parties. The United States Department of Justice maintains that lawyers fall into this category of third parties, and the Department has sought the forfeiture of fees paid or owed to defense attorneys for professional services rendered on behalf of their clients.In this Article, Professor Morgan Cloud argues that forfeiture of defense attorneys' fees under RICO and CCE would violate a defendant's right to counsel under the sixth amendment. To reach this analysis, Professor Cloud employs a dualistic model that scrutinizes the impact of government conduct both upon the rights of individual defendants and upon the activities of defense counsel as a class. He finds that fee forfeitures would restrict the ability of defense attorneys to perform their institutional role of guaranteeing that the adversary system of justice operates properly. Cloud thus concludes that courts should reject the Justice Department's broad interpretations of the RICO and CCE forfeiture provisions. The right to have the assistance of counsel is too fundamental and absolute to allow the courts to indulge in nice calculations as to the amount of prejudice arising from its denial.
Trinucleotide repeat expansion in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene leads to widespread mrna splicing changes in fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy

Purpose To identify RNA missplicing events in human corneal endothelial tissue isolated from Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Methods Total RNA was isolated and sequenced from corneal endothelial tissue obtained during keratoplasty from 12 patients with FECD and 4 patients undergoing keratoplasty or enucleation for other indications. The length of the trinucleotide repeat (TNR) CTG in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene was determined using leukocyte-derived DNA analyzed by a combination of Southern blotting and Genescan analysis. Commercial statistical software was used to quantify expression of alternatively spliced genes. Validation of selected alternative splicing events was performed by using RT-PCR. Gene sets identified were analyzed for overrepresentation using Web-based analysis system. Results Corneal endothelial tissue from FECD patients containing a CTG TNR expansion sequence in the TCF4 gene revealed widespread changes in mRNA splicing, including a novel splicing event involving FGFR2. Differential splicing of NUMA1, PPFIBP1, MBNL1, and MBNL2 transcripts were identified in all FECD samples containing a TNR expansion. The differentially spliced genes were enriched for products that localize to the cell cortex and bind cytoskeletal and cell adhesion proteins. Conclusions Corneal endothelium from FECD patients harbors a unique signature of mis-splicing events due to CTG TNR expansion in the TCF4 gene, consistent with the hypothesis that RNA toxicity contributes to the pathogenesis of FECD. Changes to the endothelial barrier function, a known event in the development of FECD, was identified as a key biological process influenced by the missplicing events.
“Good landscapes be but lies”: W. H. Auden, the Second World War, and Haunted Places

Many of W. H. Auden’s poems written between 1939 and 1944 explored the Second World War, but only at a distance. After his experience in the Morale Division of the United States Strategic Bombing S...
THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN THE UNITED STATES

Institutional efforts in the U.S. to develop a conceptual framework for business enterprises can be traced to the Paton and Littleton monograph in 1940 and later to the two Accounting Research Stud...
On the Validity of the Extended Transport Cross-Section Correction for Low-Energy Electron Transport

A brief history of the extended transport correction for Legendre differential scattering cross-section expansions is presented in conjunction with calculations intended to investigate the validity...
Intragenic Enhancers Attenuate Host Gene Expression

Eukaryotic gene transcription is regulated at many steps, including RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, transcription initiation, promoter-proximal Pol II pause release, and transcription termination; however, mechanisms regulating transcription during productive elongation remain poorly understood. Enhancers, which activate gene transcription, themselves undergo Pol II-mediated transcription, but our understanding of enhancer transcription and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) remains incomplete. Here we show that transcription at intragenic enhancers interferes with and attenuates host gene transcription during productive elongation. While the extent of attenuation correlates positively with nascent eRNA expression, the act of intragenic enhancer transcription alone, but not eRNAs, explains the attenuation. Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions, we demonstrate a physiological role for intragenic enhancer-mediated transcription attenuation in cell fate determination. We propose that intragenic enhancers not only enhance transcription of one or more genes from a distance but also fine-tune transcription of their host gene through transcription interference, facilitating differential utilization of the same regulatory element for disparate functions.
Designing a cost-effective Autonomous Vehicle Control System Kit (AVCS Kit)

Autonomous vehicles are equipped with a variety of instrumentations, sensors and controls depending upon the mission of the target vehicle. One of the biggest challenges in developing autonomous vehicles system is their cost. Often times, researchers with limited budget do not have the resources to acquire realistic autonomous vehicle test platforms for carrying out their experiments on. Most researchers become limited to conduct their research in simulation environments or use small toy cars that do not accurately represent the real system. This paper describes the design of a low-cost Autonomous Vehicle Control System Kit (AVCS Kit) using inexpensive microcontrollers, encoders, motor controllers, LIDAR, and camera. The main focus of the project was to determine how much capability could be achieved on designing the AVCS Kit to transform a normal kids'-ride-on electric car to an autonomous vehicle research platform. As presented in the paper, with the use of commercially available components we were able to achieve a good performance system at a minimal cost. In the last section, the paper demonstrates the application of the AVCS kit for an autonomous vehicle lane-following and obstacle avoidance research experiment that was developed using this platform.
Anionic Polymerization of Nonpolar Monomers

Anionic polymerization, especially alkyllithium-initiated anionic polymerization in hydrocarbon solution, is the gold standard for living polymerizations. The anionic polymerizations of styrenes and dienes in hydrocarbon solution proceed in the absence of irreversible chain termination and chain transfer. The most useful initiating systems comprise alkyllithium compounds that are very reactive, hydrocarbon-soluble, and are commercially available. Using alkyllithium initiators in hydrocarbon solutions, controlled polymerizations of styrenes and dienes can be effected to produce polymers with high degrees of compositional homogeneity and polydienes with high 1,4-microstructure and low glass transition temperatures. Reactive hydrocarbon monomers include styrenes, 1,3-dienes, 1,3,5-trienes, vinyltrialkylsilanes, and even ethylene (in the presence of N,N,N ′, N ′-tetramethylethylenediamine). The kinetics of initiation and propagation are complicated by aggregation of both simple and polymeric organolithium compounds and their cross-aggregation. Polymeric organolithium compounds exhibit reduced stability at elevated temperatures and in the presence of chain transfer agents whose p K a values are comparable or lower than the propagating chain ends. Useful chain transfer agents include alkylbenzenes, ammonia, and 1,2-dienes. Retarded alkyllithium-initiated anionic polymerizations in the presence of organomagnesium or organoaluminum compounds can be effected at elevated temperatures and with higher monomer concentrations.
Exact Science, Its Critique of Inexact Science and Rationality in Vagueness

In the theory of the knowledge square the working framework of a meta-theory of knowledge was presented to justify a claim of a universal principle of knowledge-production process that traverses from the potential space through the possibility space to the probability space and then to the space of epistemic actual. This principle is claimed to be universal to all areas of rational knowledge production. The essential revelation of the discussion is that the core of the universality principle is that the spaces of possibility and probability are defined by defective information structure that leads to fuzzy uncertainty and stochastic uncertainty in the information processing capacity of cognitive agents. The existence of the defective information structure is a universal principle to all areas of knowledge production ranging from the epistemic potential to the epistemic actual in the epistemological space.
Treatment of infected wounds during the Great War, 1914 to 1918.

The man who has on open mind can always learn something from discussion. In dealing with complicated subject matters such as that of the proper treatment of wounds, trustworthy conclusions are ereached only when we have been compelled to look at the facts from opposite points of view. And when in co
Affinity Column Mediated Immunoenzymometric Assays

Immunometric assays, by definition, are immunoassays configured in such a way that labeled-antibodies are utilized as the quantifying entity. This is in contrast to competitive radioimmunoassays or enzyme-immunoassays in which labeled-antigens are utilized in competition with sample antigen to bind to a limited number of antibody sites. The label applied to the antibody can take the form of a radioisotope, enzyme, fluorophore, luminescent tag, or almost any tag ultimately capable of generating a signal, even through some complex coupling mechanism. Two fundamentally different immunometric assay configurations have been described: the one-site immunometric assay and the two site (sandwich) immunometric assay.
The Energy/Non-energy Price Link: Channels, Issues and Implications

One key characteristic of the recent commodity price boom has been co-movement among most prices, especially between energy and non-energy commodities. Such link is often discussed in connection (or attributed) to the use of food commodities for the production of biofuels. This chapter argues that, due to agriculture’s energy-intensive nature, energy prices have played a key role even before the diversion of food commodities to the production of biofuel began. Transmission elasticity from energy to agricultural commodity prices of 0.20 is estimated for the 1960–2005 period. The econometric evidence confirms that the elasticity increased considerably when the post-2005 boom years were included in the analysis. But the chapter also finds that similar (and on some occasions larger) increases in elasticities are present in all commodity sectors, thus confirming that common factors must have played an important role during the recent boom.
Design concepts in architecture: the porosity paradigm

Presented is a paradigm of how a design concept can be converted into a system of production rules to generate designs. The rules are expressed by the means of shape grammar formalism. The paradigm demonstrates how porosity a concept transferred from biology, medicine and organic chemistry was implemented by architect Steven Holl and his team in designing the 350-unit student residence Simmons Hall at MIT. In the presentation, spatial algebras, rule schemata and shape rules are used to capture Holl's version of porosity.
Electrochemical reduction of artemisinin: Chromatographic identification of bulk electrolysis products

Artemisinin is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone with an endo-peroxide bond. This drug is used for treatment of many diseases including malaria. The reduction of this molecule on an electrode surface was carried out by cyclic voltammetry as well as amperometry. Cyclic voltammetry of artemisinin generated one prominent peak wave at -1.0 V and another, smaller one at -0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The bulk electrolysis of artemisinin on a carbon electrode generated two other irreversible peak waves at around -0.7 and -0.1 V. The concentration of the products was dependent on the time of electrolysis. LC-MS was used to determine the bulk electrolysis products of artemisinin. Initially dihydroartemisinin was generated as the main reduction product. Other reduction products were formed after further reduction of dyhidroartemisinin.
Der lange Weg zur Souveränität (1976 – 1995)

Mit dieser Strategie des etapisme und einem sozialdemokratischen Programm startete der PQ in das Wahljahr 1976. Premier Bourassa und sein PLQ versuchten im Wahlkampf die Frage nach einer verfassungsrechtlichen Reform des kanadischen Bundesstaates herauszustreichen und sich fur die Idee eines federalisme rentable einzusetzen. Dabei gab Bourassa folgende Eckpunkte fur eine Reform vor: Erstens sollte Quebec ein Vetorecht bei Verfassungsanderungen erhalten, zweitens an der Auswahl der Richter fur den obersten Gerichtshof mitwirken konnen, drittens Einwanderer nach Quebec selbst auswahlen konnen, viertens ein verfassungsrechtlich festgeschriebenes Recht auf Opting out mit finanzieller Entschadigung zugesprochen bekommen und funftens uber die ausschliesliche Gesetzgebungskompetenz in kulturellen Angelegenheiten und der Bildungspolitik verfugen.
Adversarial Domain Adaptation and Pseudo-Labeling for Cross-Modality Microscopy Image Quantification.

Cell or nucleus quantification has recently achieved state-of-the-art performance by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In general, training CNNs requires a large amount of annotated microscopy image data, which is prohibitively expensive or even impossible to obtain in some applications. Additionally, when applying a deep supervised model to new datasets, it is common to annotate individual cells in those target datasets for model re-training or fine-tuning, leading to low-throughput image analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel adversarial domain adaptation method for cell/nucleus quantification across multimodality microscopy image data. Specifically, we learn a fully convolutional network detector with task-specific cycle-consistent adversarial learning, which conducts pixel-level adaptation between source and target domains and then completes a cell/nucleus detection task. Next, we generate pseudo-labels on target training data using the detector trained with adapted source images and further fine-tune the detector towards the target domain to boost the performance. We evaluate the proposed method on multiple cross-modality microscopy image datasets and obtain a significant improvement in cell/nucleus detection compared to the reference baselines and a recent state-of-the-art deep domain adaptation approach. In addition, our method is very competitive with the fully supervised models trained with all real target training labels.
Enhanced Modular Multilevel Converter Based STATCOM with Hybrid Energy Storage

With the advent of enhanced power converter based generation technology in the power utility industry, there is an increasing need for dynamically controllable real and reactive power to maintain stability of electric power systems. Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs) improve the stability of electric power systems by controlling reactive power supply to the system. However, they cannot provide dynamic real power control. In this paper, we discuss a device capable of both dynamic real power control and reactive power control. The device consists of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based STATCOM combined with a hybrid energy storage system that combines battery energy storage with a supercapacitor energy storage system. Matlab/Simulink is utilized to simulate the stability of the response of an electric transmission system under three-phase fault conditions without compensation, with a STATCOM alone and with the enhanced energy storage. Simulation plots show that the system stability improved significantly when the hybrid energy storage system was combined with the STATCOM for power compensation.
Amygdala response to emotional faces in adolescents with persistent post-concussion symptoms.

Abstract Approximately 30% of adolescents with concussion develop persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) that include emotional symptoms. Elevated amygdalae reactivity to emotional faces has been reported in a variety of psychopathologies characterized by emotional symptoms overlapping with those in PPCS. We tested the hypothesis that amygdalae reactivity to emotional faces in adolescents with PPCS+ is elevated compared to concussed adolescents without PPCS and healthy controls. Concussed adolescents (ages 14-18) with (PPCS+; n=23) and without PPCS (PPCS-; n=13) participated in visits at least 4 weeks post-injury. Adolescents without prior concussion served as controls (HC; n=15). All participants completed a detailed clinical battery and a common emotional face processing task that involved matching of emotional faces or shapes. Compared to HC and PPCS-, adolescents with PPCS+ had elevated depression symptoms, anhedonia, general psychological symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Contrary to our hypothesis, PPCS+ had lower amygdalae activity to the emotional faces versus shapes condition relative to HC and a trend for lower activity relative to PPCS-. There was a non-significant inverse association between anhedonia amygdalae activity in adolescents with PPCS. Results suggest that adolescents with PPCS have altered amygdalae activity during the processing of emotional face stimuli.
Enactivism and the “problem” of perceptual presence

Alva Noe (2004, 2008, 2012) understands what he calls “perceptual presence” (2004, 59) as the experience of whole, voluminous objects being ‘right there’, present for us in their entirety, even though not each and every part of them impinges directly on our senses at any given time. How is it possible that we perceptually experience voluminous objects as voluminous directly and apparently effortlessly, with no need of inferring their three-dimensionality from experience of the part of them that is directly stimulating our sense organs? For Noe, this is the ‘problem of perceptual presence’. In this paper, I integrate Noe’s view by articulating a different view of what perceptual presence at a more basic level amounts to. This new account of perceptual presence which, I believe, can clarify and make an enactive account of presence richer. The view I suggest revolves around the idea, developed especially by Merleau-Ponty (1945, 1947) and Kelly (2005, 2007, 2010), that perceptual experience is in an important sense indeterminate. Indeterminacy, I argue, is key if we want to understand perceptual presence and the ‘problem’ Noe solves.
CT and PET radiomic features associated with major pathologic response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

9031Background: An early biomarker of response to immunotherapy (IO) is needed urgently to identify the patients (pts) who will derive benefit. We reported the first clinical trial of neoadjuvant I...
Homelessness, Unstable Housing, and the Adolescent Patient

Over four million youth and young adults (13–25 years) including about 700,000 unaccompanied youth ages 13–17 in the United States experience homelessness in a single year. Youth homelessness is a pathway to another growing public health concern — human trafficking. While the profile of trafficking victims spans all demographics, there are certain vulnerabilities and circumstances that lead to higher risk for victimization. Youth who have been pushed out of their home (i.e., runaway and homeless youth or RHY) in particular are at an increased risk of becoming targets for traffickers. Youth experiencing homelessness lack basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing that places them in survival mode. Traffickers exploit the unmet needs of homeless youth to lure them into forced labor or sex trafficking. This chapter explores the intersections between youth homelessness and human trafficking and the importance of addressing homelessness in the fight against trafficking by providing background information and a case study.
Performance of concrete-filled steel tube truss girders strength by adding reinforcement

Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder usually consists of CFST chords and hollow braces. The performance of steel tube truss girders filled with self-compacting concrete was investigated in this study. A total of eight CFST truss girders (Warren-vertical truss) specimens were tested. The main parameters were the concrete compressive strength and adding a reinforced bar in the concrete core of the bottom chord. Two of specimens without reinforcement were suggested as reference specimens. This study shows the load-deflection curves at the midspan, overall deflections, ultimate loads, flexural strength and failure modes of the tested specimens. The Proposed design equation found in the literature was used to predict the flexural strength of CFST trusses. The failure mode includes: weld fracture and shredding around joints and local buckling of the diagonal braces. Results show that the increase of concrete compressive strength caused a slight increase of the CFST truss strength by about (2.8%-10.34%), also the results showed that the best addition to the core concrete of the bottom chord was the circular steel tube compared with the addition of the steel bars.
Archival notes on Robinson's Arch and the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem

The archive of the Palestine Exploration Fund is a rich depository of material of historical value, comprising photographs, hand-written letters, maps and drawings, and serving scholars across the ...
Clinical and Imaging Features of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Young Patients.

Abstract Background Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in young adult patients is rare, with scarce data available in patients aged Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and imaging of young patients (≤ 40 years old) with NSCLC treated at our institution between 1998 and 2018. Patients 40 years) from publicly available data sets. Results We identified 166 young patients with NSCLC (median age, 36.6 years; range, 18-40 years). Most presented with nonspecific respiratory symptoms and were diagnosed with pneumonia (84/136, 62%). Compared to patients 40 years), young patients were more likely to be never smokers (65.0% vs. 14.7%, P Conclusion Young patients with NSCLC often present with nonspecific symptoms and have advanced disease at diagnosis, often mimicking other pathologies. Awareness of the clinical presentation and imaging features of NSCLC in young patients may help minimize delays in diagnoses.
Sugarcane and Rum: The Bittersweet History of Labor and Life on the Yucatán Peninsula: John R. Gust and Jennifer P. Mathews, Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 2020, pp 192, US $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 9780816538881 (paperback), ISBN 9780816541447 (digital)

Sugarcane and Rum: The Bittersweet History of Labor and Life on the Yucatan Peninsula combines archaeological, ethnographic, and archival research to provide a concise account of the interwoven his...
Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Metabolic Alkalosis.

Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in blood pH to >7.45 due to a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3 -). Metabolic alkalosis results from alkali accumulation or acid loss, and it is associated with a secondary increase in carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO2). Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid-base disorder, especially in critically ill patients. The pathogenesis of chronic metabolic alkalosis includes two derangements, generation of metabolic alkalosis via gain of alkali or loss of acid and maintenance of metabolic alkalosis by increased tubular HCO3 - reabsorption (failure of the kidneys to excrete excess alkali). Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder in hospitalized patients, particularly in the surgical critical care unit. Mortality increases as pH increases.
Bell-type inequality tests and quantum entanglement from $\Lambda$-hyperon spin correlations at high energy colliders

Spin correlations of $\Lambda$-hyperons, extracted from their self-analyzing weak decays, provide unique insight into Bell-type locality tests within the QCD strings formed in high-energy collider experiments. We show from very general considerations that the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality test is typically less stringent for the states produced in QCD strings; however they provide a benchmark for quantum-to-classical transitions induced by varying i) the associated hadron multiplicity, ii) the spin of nucleons, iii) the separation in rapidity between pairs, and iv) the kinematic regimes accessed. These studies also enable the extraction of quantitative measures of quantum entanglement. We explore such questions within a simple model of a QCD string comprised of singlets of two partial distinguishable fermion flavors and compare analytical results to those obtained on quantum hardware. We further discuss a class of spin Hamiltonians that model the complex quantum dynamics of $\Lambda$ spin correlations embedded in the QCD string . Prospects for extracting quantum information from $\Lambda$ measurements at current and future colliders are outlined.
The Randić energy of generalized double sun

We show that the family of trees defined as generalized double sun of odd order satisfies the conjecture for the Randic energy proposed by I. Gutman, B. Furtula, S. B. Bozkurt (2014).
On the H-property for step-graphons and edge polytopes

Graphons $W$ can be used as stochastic models to sample graphs $G_n$ on $n$ nodes for $n$ arbitrarily large. A graphon $W$ is said to have the $H$-property if $G_n$ admits a decomposition into disjoint cycles with probability one as $n$ goes to infinity. Such a decomposition is known as a Hamiltonian decomposition. In this paper, we provide necessary conditions for the $H$-property to hold. The proof builds upon a hereby established connection between the so-called edge polytope of a finite undirected graph associated with $W$ and the $H$-property. Building on its properties, we provide a purely geometric solution to a random graph problem. More precisely, we assign two natural objects to $W$, which we term concentration vector and skeleton graph, denoted by $x^*$ and $S$ respectively. We then establish two necessary conditions for the $H$-property to hold: (1) the edge-polytope of $S$, denoted by $\mathcal{X}(S)$, is of full rank, and (2) $x^* \in \mathcal{X}(S)$.
863.6 – 810.6 keV γ - γ Directional Correlation in 58 Fe

The decay scheme of 58Co is particularly simple1) (fig. 1). The γγ directional correlation of the 863.6 – 810.6 keV cascade from the decay of 58Co was measured by several authors2–6) with Nal (Tl) detectors. What should be, in principle, straight forward measurements are rendered difficult by the low intensity of the 863.6 keV γ — ray and by the proximity of the 863.6 keV γ — ray to the very intense 810.6 keV γ — ray. Nevertheless, reasonably consistent results have been obtained in five different measurements with 58Co sources as shown in table 1.
Herpes Simplex and Varicella Zoster

Herpes simplex virus types one and two (HSV-1 and HSV-2) affect millions of Americans and causes a lifelong, recurrent rash characterized by vesicles and ulcers that can last for 10–14 days. HSV-1 is often acquired in childhood by nonsexual transmission and most commonly affects the oral mucosa, whereas HSV-2 is sexually transmitted and causes genital lesions. African American patients are disproportionately affected by genital herpes compared to Caucasians. Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus and presents as an intensely painful, vesicular rash that is distributed along a dermatome. Treatment for both conditions includes oral antivirals for an episodic outbreak or suppressive therapy for recurrent herpes simplex.
Effects of fluoride and mercury on human cytokine response in vitro

Abstract Rationale Over the past 50 years individuals in westernized societies have been increasingly exposed to mercury (e.g. through contaminated fish and dental amalgam) and fluoride (e.g. through drinking water, toothpaste and gels). Given the increasing incidence of allergic diseases and the known immunomodulatory effects of these agents, we investigated their potential allergy-promoting activity. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 4 individuals were cultured up to seven days in culture medium or in culture media containing Con A in the presence or absence of mercuric chloride (HgCl) or sodium fluoride (NaF). Supernatants were harvested on days 2, 4 and 6 and IL-4 and gamma-IFN concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results HgCl and NaF significantly suppressed Con A-induced gamma-IFN production. Maximum suppression of gamma-IFN production by HgCl occurred on day 6 (10.4% +/- 9.4% of the Con A response) and by NaF on day 4 (8.3% +/- 7.2%). In contrast, HgCl and NaF significantly increased Con A -induced IL-4 production, with a maximum on day 4 (362.9% +/- 365%) and day 2 (660.8% +/- 894.72%), respectively. Neither NaF nor HgCl significantly altered cytokine production in unstimulated lymphocytes. Conclusions HgCl and NaF seem to selectively suppress Th1 activity and stimulate Th2 cytokine production in vitro. Although preliminary, these findings suggest that human exposure to mercury or fluoride maybe playing a role in the observed increased incidence of allergic diseases in the industrialized world.
Planktivory in the changing Lake Huron zooplankton community: Bythotrephes consumption exceeds that of Mysis and fish

Summary 1. Oligotrophic lakes are generally dominated by calanoid copepods because of their competitive advantage over cladocerans at low prey densities. Planktivory also can alter zooplankton community structure. We sought to understand the role of planktivory in driving recent changes to the zooplankton community of Lake Huron, a large oligotrophic lake on the border of Canada and the United States. We tested the hypothesis that excessive predation by fish (rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, bloater Coregonus hoyi) and invertebrates (Mysis relicta, Bythotrephes longimanus) had driven observed declines in cladoceran and cyclopoid copepod biomass between 2002 and 2007. 2. We used a field sampling and bioenergetics modelling approach to generate estimates of daily consumption by planktivores at two 91-m depth sites in northern Lake Huron, U.S.A., for each month, May–October 2007. Daily consumption was compared to daily zooplankton production. 3. Bythotrephes was the dominant planktivore and estimated to have eaten 78% of all zooplankton consumed. Bythotrephes consumption exceeded total zooplankton production between July and October. Mysis consumed 19% of all the zooplankton consumed and exceeded zooplankton production in October. Consumption by fish was relatively unimportant – eating only 3% of all zooplankton consumed. 4. Because Bythotrephes was so important, we explored other consumption estimation methods that predict lower Bythotrephes consumption. Under this scenario, Mysis was the most important planktivore, and Bythotrephes consumption exceeded zooplankton production only in August. 5. Our results provide no support for the hypothesis that excessive fish consumption directly contributed to the decline of cladocerans and cyclopoid copepods in Lake Huron. Rather, they highlight the importance of invertebrate planktivores in structuring zooplankton communities, especially for those foods webs that have both Bythotrephes and Mysis. Together, these species occupy the epi-, meta- and hypolimnion, leaving limited refuge for zooplankton prey.
Constructing electronic interactions among citizens, issue publics, and elites: the healthcare dialogue project

This paper describes a longitudinal experiment, now in the final stages of data collection, designed to better understand ways of increasing the effectiveness of web-based deliberations about public policy. Focused on health care reform, the project draws from periodic surveys and a series of online group deliberations to examine the interaction of policy elites and ordinary citizens in online settings, and to test hypotheses related to group composition and decision quality.
The Proportional Genetic Algorithm: Gene Expression in a Genetic Algorithm

We introduce a genetic algorithm (GA) with a new representation method which we call the proportional GA (PGA). The PGA is a multi-character GA that relies on the existence or non-existence of genes to determine the information that is expressed. The information represented by a PGA individual depends only on what is present on the individual and not on the order in which it is present. As a result, the order of the encoded information is free to evolve in response factors other than the value of the solution, for example, in response to the identification and formation of building blocks. The PGA is also able to dynamically evolve the resolution of encoded information. In this paper, we describe our motivations for developing this representation and provide a detailed description of a PGA along with discussion of its benefits and drawbacks. We compare the behavior of a PGA with that of a canonical GA (CGA) and discuss conclusions and future work based on these preliminary studies.
Parallel I/O for High Performance Computing

Preface Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Storage Devices and Interconnects Chapter 3: File Systems Chapter 4: Access Patterns and Optimization Chapter 5: Low-Level I/O Interfaces Chapter 6: Scientific Data Libraries Chapter 7: Special-Purpose I/O Techniques Chapter 8: Data Management and Analysis
Computer Models of Spiral Structure

A computer model for isolated disks of stars is used to study the self-consistent motion of large numbers of point masses as they move in the plane of the galactic disk. The Langley Research Center’s CDC 6600 computers are used to integrate the equations of motion for systems containing from 50000 to 200000 stars. The results are presented in the form of a motion picture.
Expression of the mitochondrial genome in HeLa cells. 8. The relative position of ribosomal RNA genes in mitochondrial DNA.

Abstract Electron microscopy of hybrids between the heavy strand of HeLa mitochondrial DNA and HeLa mitochondrial ribosomal RNA demonstrates that the genes for 16 s and 12 s HeLa mitochondrial rRNA's are situated adjacent or very close to each other on mitochondrial DNA. The length of the DNA segment separating the two genes is estimated to correspond to less than 500 nucleotide pairs.
On the fractional strong metric dimension of graphs

For any two vertices x and y of a graph G , let S { x , y } denote the set of vertices z such that either x lies on a y - z geodesic or y lies on an x - z geodesic. For a function g defined on V ( G ) and U ź V ( G ) , let g ( U ) = ź x ź U g ( x ) . A function g : V ( G ) ź 0 , 1 is a strong resolving function of G if g ( S { x , y } ) ź 1 , for every pair of distinct vertices x , y of G . The fractional strong metric dimension, s d i m f ( G ) , of a graph G is min { g ( V ( G ) ) : g źisźaźstrongźresolvingźfunctionźofź G } . This paper furthers the study of fractional strong metric dimension initiated in COCOA 2013 (Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci.). First, we clarify or correct the proofs to two characterization theorems contained in two papers on fractional (strong) metric dimension. Next, results on fractional strong metric dimension analogous to the work of Feng, Lv, and Wang on fractional metric dimension are offered. We provide new upper and lower bounds on s d i m f ( G ) , partly in analogy with the work done by Feng et al. and partly by exploiting the particular nature of the strong metric dimension. Finally, motivated by the work of Arumugam, Mathew, and Shen, we describe a class of graphs G for which s d i m f ( G ) = | V ( G ) | 2 .
Modern to postmodern: Social construction, dissonance, and education

Modernist educational practice operates within an overarching norm of consonance, notions of sameness and agreement that permeate schools and classroom life. This paper posits a needed move to postmodern educational theory and practice through dissonance. Following an intellectual contextualization, two sets of philosophical claims are presented. The first promotes social construction of reality and the second poses dissonance rather than consonance. The paper concludes with a “look” at education from this postmodern perspective.
Dehalogenation and ring saturation by tritium atoms

Abstract During excitation labeling with tritium of halogenated alkanes such as iodohexane and iodocyclohexane, dehalogenation occurs without accumulation of labeled side products. When halogenated benzenes and toluenes were similarly treated, the labeled products were a combination of products from ring saturation and dehalogenation. To a small extent, intermediates and products of chain scission and polymerization are also formed. As the ease of dehalogenation depends on the bond strength of the carbon-halogen bond, the CF bond being the strongest shows the least dehalogenation and the CI bond being the weakest undergoes practically complete dehalogenation. The CCl and CBr bonds with intermediate bond strengths undergo partial dehalogenation under similar conditions. Formation of tritium-labeled products in halogenated benzenes and toluenes can be explained on this basis. Ring saturation occurs readily and may be affected by additives.
Correlates of College Women's Self-Reports of Heterosexual Aggression:

Traditional Western social and sexual scripts have discouraged women from expressing sexual interest or initiating sexual behaviors. For the present study, 212 women attending sexuality classes in the New York/New Jersey area volunteered anonymously to complete a questionnaire that measured demographics, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviors. The instrument was designed to identify predictors of the respondents' sexually aggressive behaviors toward men. Sexual aggression, in this instance, is defined as initiating sexual contact (kissing, fondling, or intercourse) by using sexual coercion (e.g., threatening to end a relationship, verbal pressure, or lying), sexual abuse (e.g., sex with a minor by an adult at least 5 years older than the minor, by inducing intoxication, or by using a position of power or authority), or physically forced sex (i.e., by the threat of physical force, actual physical force, or the use of a weapon). Following tests for the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, phi coefficients, multiple regression, and chi-square analysis were completed and indicated that both the experience of past sexual abuse and the attitudinal subscale of adversarial beliefs about sexual relationships were independently related to women's heterosexual aggression. Social learning theory has been used to explain the development of aggressive attitudes and behaviors. The contributions of adversarial beliefs and past sexual abuse to heterosexual aggression among this sample of college women are discussed in relation to the social construction of gender and two specific aspects of social learning theory.
CLADA: cortical longitudinal atrophy detection algorithm.

Abstract Measurement of changes in brain cortical thickness is useful for the assessment of regional gray matter atrophy in neurodegenerative conditions. A new longitudinal method, called CLADA (cortical longitudinal atrophy detection algorithm), has been developed for the measurement of changes in cortical thickness in magnetic resonance images (MRI) acquired over time. CLADA creates a subject-specific cortical model which is longitudinally deformed to match images from individual time points. The algorithm was designed to work reliably for lower resolution images, such as the MRIs with 1 × 1 × 5 mm 3 voxels previously acquired for many clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS). CLADA was evaluated to determine reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity. Scan–rescan variability was 0.45% for images with 1 mm 3 isotropic voxels and 0.77% for images with 1 × 1 × 5 mm 3 voxels. The mean absolute accuracy error was 0.43 mm, as determined by comparison of CLADA measurements to cortical thickness measured directly in post-mortem tissue. CLADA's sensitivity for correctly detecting at least 0.1 mm change was 86% in a simulation study. A comparison to FreeSurfer showed good agreement (Pearson correlation = 0.73 for global mean thickness). CLADA was also applied to MRIs acquired over 18 months in secondary progressive MS patients who were imaged at two different resolutions. Cortical thinning was detected in this group in both the lower and higher resolution images. CLADA detected a higher rate of cortical thinning in MS patients compared to healthy controls over 2 years. These results show that CLADA can be used for reliable measurement of cortical atrophy in longitudinal studies, even in lower resolution images.
Solutions of the generalized half-plane and half-space Cerruti problems with surface effects

The generalized half-plane and half-space Cerruti problems with surface effects are analytically solved using Gurtin and Murdoch’s surface elasticity theory along with the Airy stress function method and the Papkovitch–Neuber potential function approach, respectively. The Fourier transform method is employed in the formulation. The newly derived solutions reduce to their classical elasticity-based counterparts if the surface effects are not considered. In addition, the current solution for the half-space Cerruti problem recovers that based on a simplified version of the surface elasticity theory as a special case. Further, specific solutions are obtained for the cases with loading by a concentrated tangential force and by a uniform traction acting over a circular region. The numerical results reveal that the predictions by the current solutions substantially deviate from those by their classical counterparts near the loading site, but the differences between the two sets of predictions diminish far away from the loading site. Moreover, the newly obtained solutions do not exhibit stress or displacement singularity at the loading point/boundary and predict smoother stress fields and smaller displacements than the classical solutions that do not incorporate the surface effects.