cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Writing Teachers Don't Write: Speculations about Probable Causes and Possible Cures

If you teach writing, you should write. That elementary but radical insight, probably first voiced by Janet Emig fourteen years ago in her influential monograph, "The Composing Processes of Twelfth Graders," has become one of the key components of the new paradigm for teaching composition, endorsed by virtually everyone in the profession who consults or publishes about ways to improve the teaching of writing. The reasoning is simple: Teachers who do not engage in the writing process themselves cannot adequately understand the complex dynamics of the process, cannot empathize with their students' problems, and are in no position either to challenge or to endorse the recommendations and admonitions of the textbooks they are using. Nor can they do as many writing teachers suggest and say, "Let's just throw away the textbook and work on our writing." The writing teacher who doesn't write is in no more position to diagnose difficulties and offer advice than a soccer coach who has never played soccer. In fact, much of the success of the National Writing Project's workshops for teachers all over the country has come because its leaders have started teachers writing and talking to each other about writing. But just because so many people in the profession now accept the principle and recommend that writing teachers should write doesn't mean that those who believe in the theory find it easy to practice. In fact, if you are one of the new generation of writing teachers who believe strongly that you should write, you may only have made your life more difficult. You are now enlightened, but as a result you may feel guilty and frustrated; guilty because you aren't writing, frustrated because you don't know what to do about it. Probably the first thing you should realize is that you're not unusual. We don't have good data on how many writing teachers don't write, but a few years ago The Chronicle of Higher Education published figures estimating that at least two-thirds of college professors publish nothing after the dissertation. And if you think about the faculty in your department you may realize that few of them seem to be writing, including those who teach composition. So you shouldn't feel as if you are the only sinner and that everyone but you is writing. It's not true. But knowing that you have plenty of company doesn't help your problem.
Creating the Capacity for Telephone Survey Analysis

creasing state subsidies (Eckl, Hutchison, and Snell 1992; Lissner and Taylor 1996; McKeown and Layzell 1994). This has resulted in increased pressure on university faculty to seek external funding through grants and contracts (Phillips, Morell, and Chronister 1996; Schumacher 1992). Second, increasingly, universities and colleges have been called upon to provide relevant research and faculty service to enhance the quality of life and economic development in their states (Noftsinger 1996). Having a "broader institutional vision" in today's universities and colleges means creating external connections and linkages and coordinating and cooperating with state and local governments (Seymour 1989). Major sources of outside funding for colleges include the federal government and state and local governments. Most federal research money has typically gone to the few large research universities that possess the research capabilities to meet federal priorities. State and local governments however, offer significant sources of outside funding for regional colleges and smaller state universities (Taylor, Meyerson, and Massy 1993). The capacity of university and college faculty to perform surveys, especially telephone surveys, can attract funding from state and local governmental agencies. The proven ability to conduct surveys offers a viable route for the solicitation of
Gravitational microlensing and halo dark matter

By means of extensive galactic modeling we study the implications of the more than 100 microlensing events that have now been observed for the composition of the dark halo of the Galaxy. We consider Galactic models with luminous and dark disk components, a bulge, and a dark halo consisting of both MACHOs and cold dark matter with each component being described by several observationally motivated parameters. This initial model space is constrained by the observational data, including rotation curve, local projected mass density, and microlensing rate toward the LMC and bulge. Based on the currently published data and a conservative, minimal set of observational constraints an all-MACHO halo cannot yet be excluded, although in most viable models of the Galaxy the halo MACHO fraction is between 0% and 30%, consistent with expectations for a universe whose primary component is cold dark matter. We also consider the implications of the preliminary 2nd year MACHO results, which suggest a higher optical depth toward the LMC. In this case the likelihood function for the halo MACHO fraction has a peak around 20% –40%, and the halo MACHO fraction is less than 60% in most models.
Target detection theory for stripmap SAR using physics-based multiresolution signatures

A first-principles target detection theory is developed for stripmap operation of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The intermediate-frequency signal model consists of the return from a single-component target embedded in the clutter return from a random rough-surface reflector plus white Gaussian receiver noise. Target-return models are developed from electromagnetic theory for the following cases: specular reflector, dihedral reflector, and dielectric volume. Traditional stripmap SAR processing is assumed, using matched filters in both range and cross-range directions, but processing durations for these filters are chosen to optimize Neyman-Pearson detection performance by exploiting the multiresolution signatures of these targets. An optimum, whitening-filter SAR processor is also studied, and its detection performance is compared with that of the preceding multiresolution receiver.
Isolation of cell nuclei from ischemic renal tissue: Biochemical characteristics of these nuclei

Abstract The molecular pathology of renal ischemia was examined in isolated nuclei. Nuclei of good quality in high yield were isolated from mouse kidneys which had been ischemic at 37°C for 60 min. Freezing the tissues did not impair the subsequent nuclear isolation by differential and isopyknic centrifugation in sucrose media. Morphological studies, chemical measurements of protein, RNA, and DNA, and the measurement of cytoplasmic “marker” enzymes suggested that contamination of nuclei by cytoplasmic components was limited. Renal ischemia caused by renal artery ligation markedly decreased RNA synthesis by isolated nuclei. Ischemia produced by incubating the kidney in vitro similarly reduced RNA synthesis. On release of arterial occlusion the amount of RNA synthesis was restored to a normal level 4 hr after release of occlusion. The effects of in vitro renal ischemia on nuclear RNA synthesis were temperature dependent. Renal ischemia did not significantly alter nuclear NAD pyrophosphorylase. There was no significant difference between normal and ischemic nuclei demonstrated by RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios or by phasecontrast microscopy.
Rapid and selective cerebral hypothermia achieved using a cooling helmet.

Object Hypothermia is by far the most potent neuroprotectant. Nevertheless, timely and safe delivery of hypothermia remains a clinical challenge. To maximize neuroprotection yet minimize systemic complications, ultra-early delivery of selective cerebral hypothermia by Emergency Medical Service (EMS) personnel in the field would be advantageous. The authors (W.E. and H.W.) have developed a cooling helmet by using National Aeronautics and Space Administration spinoff technology. In this study its effectiveness in lowering brain temperature in patients with severe stroke or head injury is examined. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to groups receiving either the cooling helmet or no cooling, and brain temperatures (0.8 cm below the cortical surface) were continuously monitored for a mean of 48 to 72 hours with a Neurotrend sensor and then compared with the patients' core temperatures. There were eight patients in the study group and six in the control group. The mean change in temperature (brain — body...
Enantiomeric interactions between liquid crystals and organized monolayers of tyrosine-containing dipeptides.

We have examined the orientational ordering of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) supported on organized monolayers of dipeptides with the goal of understanding how peptide-based interfaces encode intermolecular interactions that are amplified into supramolecular ordering. By characterizing the orientations of nematic LCs (4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl and TL205 (a mixture of mesogens containing cyclohexane-fluorinated biphenyls and fluorinated terphenyls)) on monolayers of l-cysteine-l-tyrosine, l-cysteine-l-phenylalanine, or l-cysteine-l-phosphotyrosine formed on crystallographically textured films of gold, we conclude that patterns of hydrogen bonds generated by the organized monolayers of dipeptides are transduced via macroscopic orientational ordering of the LCs. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the ordering exhibited by the achiral LCs is specific to the enantiomers used to form the dipeptide-based monolayers. The dominant role of the −OH group of tyrosine in dictating the patterns of hyd...
Activated protein C alters inflammation and protects renal function in sepsis.

Background Activated protein C (aPC) confers survival benefit in patients with sepsis, yet its protective mechanism(s) remain unclear. Herein, we determined time-dependent severity of renal dysfunction during polymicrobial sepsis. We hypothesized aPC restores renal function by preserving organ architecture and reducing inflammation. Materials and Methods Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 6 or 24 h post-surgery, kidney function was assessed by plasma electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels. Renal architecture was examined histologically. In the next series of experiments, 24-h post-surgery, animals were treated with vehicle or aPC (1 mg/kg) for 4 d, and kidney function and circulating cytokine levels were measured. Plasma was collected and assayed for BUN, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Results Plasma electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, and renal architecture were altered 6 h after CLP. Treatment with aPC significantly inhibited sepsis-induced elevations in BUN, creatinine, LDH levels, and improved renal architecture. After CLP, interferon gamma (INFγ) decreased, while interleukins-1beta and -10 (IL-1β and IL-10) increased; these effects were attenuated by aPC treatment. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that renal dysfunction occurs as early as 6 h following sepsis and continues thereafter. Treatment with aPC attenuated INFγ and IL-1β changes, and preserved renal function in sepsis. These data suggest aPC may confer a survival advantage by reducing systemic inflammation and, in doing so, preserving organ function.
Draft Genome Sequence of Environmental Vibrio cholerae 2012EL-1759 with Similarities to the V. cholerae O1 Classical Biotype

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae 2012EL-1759 is an environmental isolate from Haiti that was recovered in 2012 during a cholera outbreak. The genomic backbone is similar to that of the prototypical V. cholerae O1 classical biotype strain O395, and it carries the Vibrio pathogenicity islands (VPI-1 and VPI-2) and a cholera toxin (CTX) prephage.
Coulomb corrections in allowed beta transitions

Abstract Complete expressions, with all Coulomb effects taken into account, are given for the distribution functions for allowed beta decay, including recoil, nuclear orientation, and electron polarization effects. The expressions are general in that no assumptions are made as to invariance with respect to space inversion, charge conjugation, or time reversal. Simple arguments based on the behaviour of the various momenta and angular momenta under space inversion and time reversal are used to elucidate which combinations of vectors will appear when the different symmetry laws are violated, and the modifications of these arguments necessary because of the Coulomb interaction in the final state are pointed out. Various tests of time reversal invariance, previously suggested, are re-evaluated in view of the results for the Coulomb corrections.
Higher Education in Ghana: Implications For the Future

In discussing the future of Africa, it seems appropriate from the outset to realize that scientific prediction, with any degree of accuracy over the long haul, is almost impossible. One need only to observe the changes which have taken place on that great continent within the last decade to discover that the rapidity with which changes have occurred tends to obscure futuristic analysis for the next decade. Indeed, Africa is not only a continent where change occurs, but a continent where change is occurring at such a rate that one can observe it on a daily basis. It is also important to realize that academicians are not prophets possessing crystal balls and that, oftentimes, shortterm probabilities are frequently more accurately diagnosed than long-term possibilities.
Associative memory approach to the identification of structural and mechanical systems

This paper presents a new method for identification of parameters in nonlinear structural and mechanical systems in which the initial guesses of the unknown parameter vectors may be far from their true values. The method uses notions from the field of artificial neural nets and, using an initial set of training parameter vectors, generates in an adaptive fashion other relevant training vectors to yield identification of the parameter vector in a recursive fashion. The simplicity and power of the technique are illustrated by considering three highly nonlinear systems. It is shown that the technique presented here yields excellent estimates with only a limited amount of response data, even when each element of the set comprising the initial training parameter vectors is far from its true value—in fact, sufficiently far that the usual recursive identification schemes fail to converge.
DECALCOMANIA: PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

The greatest fault of overglaze decalcomania is the lack of resistance to solution and abrasion, which is due chiefly to the fluxes used for adherence to the glazed surfaces and for the development of brilliancy. With our increasing knowledge of silicate eutectics, these properties may be greatly improved. Various color fluxes are tested and several experimental fluxes with improved chemical resistance are reported. The possibilities of overglaze colors and decalcomania that mature at 1500° and 1750 °F. are also discussed, and some data are furnished.
Effect of Indigestible Oils on Vitamin K Deficiency in the Rat

Studies of indigestible oils such as mineral oil and squalene were undertaken to determine their effect on vitamin K deficiency in the rat. Severe hypo- prothrombinemia occurred in male rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet containing as little as 0.5% of the oil and the effect was reversed by feeding vitamin K. Female rats were partially resistant to the treatment. Dietary squalene also interrupted the assimilation of vitamin K in chicks where 0.5% of dietary oil inhibited the utiliza tion of 0.1 fig of phylloquinone/g of diet. Similar results were obtained in chicks fed retinyl acetate and retinole acid.
What is Bhāvanā

Bhāvanā, “bringing into being,” is one of Mīmāṃsā’s hallmark concepts. It connects text and action in a single structure of meaning. This conjunction was crucially important to Mīmāṃsā’s own interpretive enterprise, and functioned— controversially but influentially—in a broader theory of language. The goal of this paper is to outline bhāvanā’s major contours as it is developed by Kumārilabhaṭṭa and some his followers (Maṇḍanamiśra, Pārthasārathimiśra, Someśvarabhaṭṭa, Khaṇḍadeva, and Āpadeva) and to examine some of the arguments they marshaled in support of it. Bhāvanā is shown to open up, for these Mīmāṃsakas, an understanding of the “deep structure” of Vedic injunctions and the vocabulary for systematically representing it; it accounts for both what people do when they perform an action that is enjoined (ārthī bhāvanā) and what the injunction itself does when it motivates people to performance (śābdī bhāvanā). Bhāvanā has resonances with, and relevance to, contemporary discussions of the nexus of language, understanding, and action, and its value as a carefully-elaborated concept of hermeneutical significance should not be overlooked.
Internal carotid artery flow volume measurement and other intraoperative duplex scanning parameters as predictors of stroke after carotid endarterectomy.

Abstract Purpose: Intraoperative duplex scanning (IDS) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to reliably identify major defects either by significant changes in peak systolic velocities or by B-mode imaging. To evaluate whether IDS could also predict postoperative strokes in technically flawless CEAs, we analyzed several hemodynamic parameters and correlated them with patient outcome. Methods: From March 2000 to February 2001, 226 consecutive primary CEAs were performed in 208 patients (120 men). Of these, 153 lesions were asymptomatic. General anesthesia and synthetic carotid artery patches were used routinely. Intraluminal shunts were used when internal carotid artery (ICA) back-pressures were Results: The first set of data was analyzed when the twenty-ninth patient had the second immediate postoperative stroke. It was noted that the two patients who had postoperative strokes had mean ICA volume flows (MICAVF) of 48 mL/min and 85 mL/min. Only two additional patients had MICAVF P P 100 mL/min (range 105 to 158 mL/min, mean 127 ± 20 mL/min [±SD]) on repeat study. Four patients with persistent ICA low flow (70 to 99 mL/min) were treated with postoperative anticoagulation. One of the last 197 patients had a stroke caused by hyperperfusion syndrome 2 weeks after operation. Overall, six of 226 cases (2.7%) required revision on the basis of abnormal B-mode imaging results or peak systolic velocities >150 cm/s. There were two common carotid artery flaps, two ICA stenoses, one ICA flap, and one localized thrombus. All six were successfully revised and had repeat normal IDS study results, and none of these patients had a postoperative stroke. Conclusions: IDS is helpful in identifying residual lesions or defects that may contribute to postoperative neurologic deficits. MICAVF 100 mL/min. ICA spasm is short lived in most patients undergoing CEA.(J Vasc Surg 2002;35:439-44.)
Residual energy aware channel assignment in cognitive radio sensor networks

We investigate the channel assignment problem in a cluster-based multi-channel cognitive radio sensor network in this paper. Due to the inherent power and resource constraints of sensor networks, energy efficiency is the primary concern for network design. An R-coefficient is developed to estimate the predicted residual energy using sensor information (current residual energy and expected energy consumption) and channel conditions (primary user behavior). We examine three channel assignment approaches: Random pairing, Greedy channel search and Optimization-based channel assignment. The last two exploit R-coefficient to obtain a residual energy aware channel assignment solution. Simulation results show that R-coefficient-based approaches lead to better performance in terms of energy consumption and residual energy balance. Optimization-based channel assignment outperforms the other two approaches with respect to network lifetime.
A reception study of the articles published in English for Specific Purposes from 1990–1999

Abstract EAP practitioners in advanced courses have often focused on assisting junior scholars who are non-native speakers of English with their attempts to publish in English. Today, however, university administrators increasingly rely on post-publication data such as citation records. We therefore suggest that identifying heavily cited and largely uncited papers would be an addition to the advanced writing instructor’s toolkit. In fact, many proposals have been made to account for citational success and failure. Disentangling these variables is complex and typically requires in-depth knowledge of the chosen sub-field. Here we examine the reception histories of a decade’s worth of main articles in the English for Specific Purposes Journal, using the Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Analysis of the 15 most cited articles indicates that placement in an issue, gender, first language, author status, and provenance are not major determinants. Instead, area of research interest (i.e., discoursal features of academic text) and type of ESP (i.e., EAP) were the main predisposing factors. We then conduct a close analysis of the two top 1990s papers (both, incidentally, written by women whose first language is not English and working in non-Anglophone settings). We conclude with some implications of these findings for EAP practitioners and their “customers”.
Alar Reductions in Rhinoplasty

Objective: To ascertain if avoiding the vestibular portion of alar reductions during rhinoplasty could improve the cosmetic result of the postoperative nasal sill. Design: Blind, randomized review of base-view photographs (40 patients) 1 year after rhinoplasty. Setting: A surgical clinic, accredited by the Accreditation Association of Ambulatory Health Care. Participants: A consecutive sample of 40 patients (2 groups) who underwent alar reduction as a part of their rhinoplasty and whose 1-year postoperative photographs were reviewed by 2 facial plastic surgeons and 3 plastic surgeons. Main Outcome Measures: Midway through a 2-year period, the method of alar reduction was changed to include only the cutaneous portion of the nostril. Twenty-two patients had cutaneous-vestibular excisions; 18 patients had cutaneous-only excisions. The surgeon participants reviewed randomized photographs taken 1 year postoperatively and were asked to rate the alar sill for the degree of scarring and notching. Results: Tabulation of the surgeons' ratings revealed significantly less perception of notching and scarring in the alar reduction group with the cutaneous-only excisions. Conclusion: Modification of alar reduction to avoid crossing the nostril rim appears to improve the aesthetic result. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:781-784
Are video sharing web sites a useful source of information on hypertension

Abstract Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent and growing public health problem in the United States and worldwide. Video sharing Web sites such as YouTube could potentially influence patient behaviors via properties of interpersonal and mass media communication. We conducted this cross-sectional study to assess the accuracy and content of YouTube videos on HTN and understand how viewers interact with this online information. We analyzed 209 videos (31.57 hours) of which 63% were classified as useful, 33% as misleading, and 4% represented patient's personal experiences. Number of views per day and "likes" were significantly lower for useful videos. Approximately half the misleading videos contained product advertisements, 70% advocated unproven alternative treatments, and 91% targeted patients. Viewer engagement (number of views) was a poor predictor of usefulness and/or content whereas source of upload, and target audiences were good predictors of usefulness and/or content. Videos uploaded by university channels and/or professional organizations that targeted physicians had a 99.4% ( P P
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ethmozin in plasma.

A sensitive, specific high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of plasma ethmozin levels. Basic plasma samples were partitioned with methylene chloride. The organic extract was washed with water and then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was redissolved in 0.2 ml of the mobile phase, consisting of hexane-tetrahydrofuran-methanol-water (66:27:6.3:0.7 v/v), and then chromatographed on a microporous silica column. With a variable-wavelength UV detector set at 268 nm, 10 ng of ethmozin/ml of plasma was measured. The utility of the method for human pharmacokinetic studies was demonstrated.
TCP-LP: low-priority service via end-point congestion control

Service prioritization among different traffic classes is an important goal for the Internet. Conventional approaches to solving this problem consider the existing best-effort class as the low-priority class, and attempt to develop mechanisms that provide "better-than-best-effort" service. In this paper, we explore the opposite approach, and devise a new distributed algorithm to realize a low-priority service (as compared to the existing best effort) from the network endpoints. To this end, we develop TCP Low Priority (TCP-LP), a distributed algorithm whose goal is to utilize only the excess network bandwidth as compared to the "fair share" of bandwidth as targeted by TCP. The key mechanisms unique to TCP-LP congestion control are the use of one-way packet delays for early congestion indications and a TCP-transparent congestion avoidance policy. The results of our simulation and Internet experiments show that: 1) TCP-LP is largely non-intrusive to TCP traffic; 2) both single and aggregate TCP-LP flows are able to successfully utilize excess network bandwidth; moreover, multiple TCP-LP flows share excess bandwidth fairly; 3) substantial amounts of excess bandwidth are available to the low-priority class, even in the presence of "greedy" TCP flows; 4) the response times of web connections in the best-effort class decrease by up to 90% when long-lived bulk data transfers use TCP-LP rather than TCP; 5) despite their low-priority nature, TCP-LP flows are able to utilize significant amounts of available bandwidth in a wide-area network environment.
Nanoscale oxidation of silicon microring resonators

The resonance frequency of a silicon microring was permanently blue-shifted with 1.2 GHz resolution over more than 350 GHz, a full free-spectral-range, by electrochemically changing the waveguide core (silicon) to the cladding (silicon dioxide) material.
Fire, hurricane and carbon dioxide: Effects on net primary production of a subtropical woodland

Summary Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change. Scrub-oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350 μl l−1) using open-top chambers for 11 yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment. The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2 yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2-induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems. These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.
Optimal Resource Allocation for OFDMA Downlink Systems

This paper proposes efficient rate and power allocation algorithms for OFDMA downlink systems where each tone is taken by at most one user. Weighted sum rate maximization (WSRmax) and weighted sum power minimization (WSPmin) problems are considered. Since these resource allocation problems are non-convex, complexity of finding the optimal solutions is prohibitively high. This paper employs the Lagrange dual decomposition method to efficiently solve both optimization problems. Because of their non-convex nature, there is no guarantee for the solution obtained by the dual decomposition method to be optimal. However, it is shown that with practical number of tones, the duality gap is virtually zero and the optimal solutions can be efficiently obtained.
Lattice-reduction aided equalization for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an effective technique to deal with frequency-selective channels since it facilitates low complexity equalization and decoding. Many existing OFDM designs successfully exploit the multipath diversity offered by frequency-selective channels. However, most of them require maximum likelihood (ML) or near-ML detection at the receiver, which is of high complexity. On the other hand, empirical results have shown that linear detectors have low complexity but offer inferior performance. In this paper, we analytically quantify the diversity orders of linear equalizers for linear precoded OFDM systems, and prove that they are unable to collect full diversity. To improve the performance of linear equalizers, we further propose to use a lattice reduction (LR) technique to help collect diversity. The LR-aided linear equalizers are shown to achieve maximum diversity order (i.e., the one collected by the ML detector), but with low complexity that is comparable to that of conventional linear equalizers. The theoretical findings are corroborated by simulation results.
On the asymptotic behavior of heterogeneous statistical multiplexer with applications

The author combines a heterogeneous statistical multiplexer in heavy traffic with different characteristics in discrete time which is representative of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) environment at the cell level. An exact formulation of the queuing model for the multiplexer is presented. Using spectral decomposition method and asymptotic analysis, it is shown that for fixed source average utilization and peak rate, as the burst size of the individual sources increase the tail behavior of the distribution of the number of cells queued in the multiplexer has a simple characterization. This characterization provides a simple approximation of the queuing behavior of the multiplexer, where the impact of each source is quite evident. The accuracy of this approximation is examined. Some applications are considered where both buffer sizing and admission control are discussed. >
Assessing the Liberal Peace with Alternative Specifications: Trade Still Reduces Conflict*

Some recent analyses challenge previous reports which show that economically important trade significantly reduces the probability of militarized disputes between countries. Beck et al. (1998) address the effect of temporal dependence in the time-series data on empirical support for the liberal peace, while Barbieri (1998) makes a number of important changes in theoretical specification and measurement. Using data for nearly the entire post-World War II era (1950-92), we first replicate the specifications of the challengers. When analyzing all dyads, we find no relationship between interdependence and peace, but the pacific benefits of trade become evident among the politically relevant dyads (those including a major power, or two contiguous states), among whom the great majority of disputes occur. Subsequently, we introduce, in stages, an alternative method of controlling for temporal dependence, our theoretically preferred measures of interdependence and proximity, and new dyadic estimates for unreported trade. With these sequential modifications we find increasingly strong support for the liberals' belief that economic interdependence and democracy have important pacific benefits. This support is largely robust to the methods of controlling for temporal dependence and to whether an attempt is made to explain involvement in disputes or merely their onset. We find no evidence that asymmetric trade increases conflict.
SIAMESE, a gene controlling the endoreduplication cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana trichomes

Cell differentiation is generally tightly coordinated with the cell cycle, typically resulting in a nondividing cell with a unique differentiated morphology. The unicellular trichomes of Arabidopsis are a well-established model for the study of plant cell differentiation. Here, we describe a new genetic locus, SIAMESE (SIM), required for coordinating cell division and cell differentiation during the development of Arabidopsis trichomes (epidermal hairs). A recessive mutation in the sim locus on chromosome 5 results in clusters of adjacent trichomes that appeared to be morphologically identical ‘twins’. Upon closer inspection, the sim mutant was found to produce multicellular trichomes in contrast to the unicellular trichomes produced by wild-type (WT) plants. Mutant trichomes consisting of up to 15 cells have been observed. Scanning electron microscopy of developing sim trichomes suggests that the cell divisions occur very early in the development of mutant trichomes. WT trichome nuclei continue to replicate their DNA after mitosis and cytokinesis have ceased, and as a consequence have a DNA content much greater than 2C. This phenomenon is known as endoreduplication. Individual nuclei of sim trichomes have a reduced level of endoreduplication relative to WT trichome nuclei. Endoreduplication is also reduced in dark-grown sim hypocotyls relative to WT, but not in light-grown hypocotyls. Double mutants of sim with either of two other mutants affecting endoreduplication, triptychon (try) and glabra3 (gl3) are consistent with a function for SIM in endoreduplication. SIM may function as a repressor of mitosis in the endoreduplication cell cycle. Additionally, the relatively normal morphology of multicellular sim trichomes indicates that trichome morphogenesis can occur relatively normally even when the trichome precursor cell continues to divide. The sim mutant phenotype also has implications for the evolution of multicellular trichomes.
How the dc electric field photoinduced in glass varies with the polarizations of the incident optical beams: theory and experiment

Intense light can permanently and spontaneously transform simple optical fibers and bulk glasses into frequency doublers. The incident light causes a dc electric field to form inside the glass, which breaks the inversion symmetry of the glass and permits phase- matched second-harmonic generation. The electric field is induced most quickly by irradiating the sample simultaneously with laser beams at frequency ω and at frequency 2ω. This light-induced dc electric field (acting through the third-order susceptibility) explains most of the characteristics of second- harmonic generation in glass.1-4
The 1980 C. H. McCloy Research Lecture: Psychophysiology of Self-Awareness during Vigorous Physical Activity

(1981). The 1980 C. H. McCloy Research Lecture: Psychophysiology of Self-Awareness during Vigorous Physical Activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 385-427.
A YOUNG MALE WITH DEBILITATING POLYNEUROPATHY AND MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY PRESENTS WITH PERICARDIAL EFFUSION AND RIGHT HEART FAILURE

The paraneoplastic disease POEMS syndrome - polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes - may present to cardiology as idiopathic pericardial effusion, edema and right heart failure. A 34-year-old man with two years of debilitating polyneuropathy and
Bradykinin inhibition of EGF- and PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts

Bradykinin exhibits proliferative influences in several types of cells; however, in the present study, bradykinin did not promote DNA synthesis but actually inhibited the DNA synthesis induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). This dose-dependent inhibitory effect was a specific intracellular interaction in that increasing concentrations of EGF did not counteract the inhibitory actions of bradykinin when added at 100 nM. The phosphoinositide-calcium signaling cascade is a likely point of interaction for the inhibitory influences of bradykinin; however, no interactions between bradykinin and EGF were observed with the generation of inositol phosphates or intracellular calcium fluxes. The inhibitory influences of bradykinin do not appear to be the result of a transmodulation of the EGF receptor, since EGF-mediated autophosphorylation was not negatively affected by bradykinin. Bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release was potentiated by EGF, and, in the presence of indomethacin, the inhibition of the EGF-induced DNA synthesis by bradykinin was minimized. The results presented demonstrate that bradykinin can inhibit EGF- and PDGF-induced DNA synthesis and suggest that PGE2 synthesis is responsible for the observed bradykinin inhibition of EGF-induced DNA synthesis.
Dust Library of Plasmonically Enhanced Infrared Spectra of Individual Respirable Particles

This work characterizes collections of infrared spectra of individual dust particles of ∼4 µm size that were obtained from three very different environments: our lab air, a home air filter, and the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center event. Particle collection was done either directly from the air or by placing dust powder from various samples directly on the plasmonic mesh with 5 µm square holes as air is pumped through the mesh. This arrangement enables the recording of "scatter-free" infrared absorption spectra of individual particles of size comparable to the probing wavelengths whose vibrational signatures are otherwise dominated by scattering and dispersive line shape distortions. The spectra are sensitive to the amounts of various infrared active components and analysis using a Mie-Bruggeman model for mixed composition particles provides volume fractions of the components. Inhalation of dust particles of ∼4 µm size has significant health consequences as these are among the largest inhaled into people's lungs. The chemical composition of ∼4 µm respirable particles is of great interest from health, atmospheric, and environmental perspectives as different environments may pose different hazards and spectroscopic challenges.
Occupational therapy and video modeling for children with autism

ABSTRACTThis review explores the evidence in support of using video modeling for teaching children with autism. The process of implementing video modeling, the use of various perspectives, and a wide range of target skills are addressed. Additionally, several helpful clinician resources including handheld device applications, books, and websites are reviewed. Video modeling is an evidence-based strategy for teaching children with autism and its use can be an asset for any therapist or educator.
Woman as an East–West Constant: Patriarchal Continuities in Works by Mori Ōgai and Yōko Tawada

Strikingly similar depictions of Asian–European relationships in Mori Ōgai’s “Maihime” (“The Dancing Girl,” 1890) and Yōko Tawada’s Kakato wo nakushite (Losing One’s Heels, 1991) and Ein Gast (A Guest, 1993) communicate strong continuities in gender relations in the German and Japanese patriarchies at the end of the last two centuries. Much had changed for women by the late twentieth century, of course, and the patriarchies even show signs of weakening in Tawada’s narratives. Nevertheless, comparison of these three fictions suggests that, despite the roughly one hundred years separating their publication dates, the male-dominated societies of Germany and Japan have exploited women in comparable ways across class and ethnicity.
Atomic physics in ion traps

Under normal conditions, an atom hurtles from place to place. It can cross a room in mere milliseconds, and collides with other particles once every nanosecond or so. This motion, which is both random and unlimited in range, obscures many atomic properties. These include the internal structure of the atom, its interactions with radiation and other atoms, and its inherent quantum features.
New or Worsening Symptoms and Signs in Community-Dwelling Persons with Dementia: Incidence and Relation to Use of Acute Medical Services

Objectives To understand the range of symptoms that present to family caregivers of community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Design Six-month longitudinal prospective study to identify the incidence of new or worsening symptoms and their association with acute care medical service use. Setting Community-based sample of volunteers from multiple states. Participants A total of 136 patient-caregiver dyads with a range of dementia severity. Measurements Forty four symptoms and signs common in older persons and/or persons with dementia; frequency of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and death; and associations between reported symptoms and acute medical care. Results During a mean of 5.7 months’ follow-up, new or worsening organ-specific (90% of participants), nonspecific (89%), and behavioral (88%) symptoms were common, with the average caregiver reporting seven new or worsening symptoms. Most common were worsening confusion (74%), decreased activity (64%), agitation (57%), hallucinations/delusions (45%), voice and speaking problems (45%), not eating or drinking (44%), and stress/anxiety (41%). Hospitalization and emergency department use occurred respectively in 19% and 20% of participants, and were associated with organ-specific symptoms (OR 3.15, P = .02), less so with nonspecific symptoms (OR 2.27, P = .07), and very little with behavioral symptoms (OR 1.44, P = .38). Within each symptom category, certain symptoms were significantly associated with acute medical service use. Conclusion Family caregivers of persons with ADRD must respond to a variety of medical, nonspecific, and behavioral symptoms. The high incidence of new or worsening symptoms and of acute medical care use suggests a need to better target symptom evaluation and management in caregiver education.
The Impact of Angry Versus Sad Victim Impact Statements on Mock Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions in a Capital Trial

The present study tested the effects of angry and sad victim impact statements (VIS) on jury eligible participants’ decisions. Death qualified participants (N = 581) watched the penalty phase of a capital trial that varied the presence and emotional content of the VIS (angry, sad, or no VIS) along with the strength of mitigating evidence (weak or strong). Results revealed that Angry VIS led to an increase in death sentences, whereas Sad VIS did not. Furthermore, participants who reported becoming angry during the trial were more likely to render a death sentence, but participants who became sad during the trial were not. No interaction was found between VIS and strength of mitigating evidence, but participants exposed to the angry VIS did rate the mitigating evidence as less important to their decisions. The results indicate that VIS are not inherently biasing, nor are all emotions equally impactful on sentencing decisions.
Promoting patient participation in healthcare interactions through communication skills training: A systematic review

Abstract Objective To present literature on training patients in the use of effective communication skills. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in six databases. References were screened for inclusion through several phases. Extracted data included intervention study design, sample characteristics, content and structure of training programs, outcomes assessed, and findings reported. Results A total of 32 unique intervention studies were included. Most targeted primary care or cancer patients and used a randomized controlled study design. Interventions used a variety of training formats and modes of delivering educational material. Reported findings suggest that communication training is an effective approach to increase patients’ total level of active participation in healthcare interactions and that some communication behaviors may be more amenable to training (e.g., expressing concerns). Trained patients do not have longer visits and tend to receive more information from their providers. Most studies have found no relationship between communication training and improved health, psychosocial wellbeing, or treatment-related outcomes. Conclusions Findings reinforce the importance and potential benefits of patient communication training. Practice implications Additional research is warranted to determine the most efficacious training programs with the strongest potential for dissemination.
Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of vanadate glaserites II: Photoluminescence studies of Ln:K3Y(VO4)2 (Ln=Eu, Er, Sm, Ho, or Tm)

Abstract Glaserite-type potassium yttrium double vanadates (K3Y(VO4)2) doped with Eu3+, Er3+, Sm3+, Ho3+, or Tm3+ have been synthesized by solid state reactions at 1000 °C for 48 h and their photoluminescence properties investigated. Efficient energy transfer from the vanadate group to the rare earth ion has been established by photoluminescence investigation. Ultraviolet excitation into the metal to ligand charge transfer band of the vanadate groups results in orange-red, blue and green emissions from Eu3+ (592 nm), Sm3+ (602 nm), Tm3+ (475 nm), Er3+ (553 nm), and Ho3+ (541–551 nm) dopant ions. The emission intensities of the lanthanide-doped K3Y(VO4)2 powders were studied as a function of dopant ion concentrations. Over the concentration ranges studied, no emission quenching was observed for Eu3+ or Ho3+ dopants, while Er3+, Sm3+ and Tm3+ dopants did exhibit such effects for dopant ion concentrations greater than 5%, probably due to cross relaxation processes.
The Dynamics of Categoric Units

This chapter outlines the dynamics of categoric unit or the processes by which perceived differences among individuals are created, sustained, and changed. Blau’s theory of macrosocial processes is converted to a more meso-level theory and then revised to emphasize the dynamics of stratification, inequality, prejudice, and discrimination in the creation and maintenance of categoric-unit distinctions. The macrolevel environments influence on the formation of parameters distinguishing individuals as different are analyzed, with particular emphasis on stratification and cultural ideologies legitimating discrimination and domination. Then, the microlevel environments operating at the level of the encounter are examined, with an eye to understanding how interpersonal processes create, sustain, or potentially change parameters marking differences. The chapter closes with the first explanatory principles of meso-dynamic processes—in this case, categoric units.
Odontogenic tumors of the maxillary sinus.

Purpose of reviewTo help the clinician understand the different odontogenic tumors found commonly in the maxillary sinus in terms of clinical and radiographic findings, diagnosis and treatment.Recent findingsThe classification of odontogenic tumors has changed recently with the addition of the odont
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a monoclonal antibody targeting CD33 linked to a cytotoxic derivative of calicheamicin. Despite the known clinical efficacy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), GO was withdrawn from the market in 2010 due to increased early deaths witnessed in newly diagnosed AML patients receiving GO + intensive chemotherapy. In 2017, new data on the clinical efficacy and safety of GO administered on a fractionated-dosing schedule led to re-approval for newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory AML.Areas covered: Addition of fractionated GO to chemotherapy significantly improved event-free survival of newly diagnosed AML patients with favorable and intermediate cytogenetic-risk disease. GO monotherapy also prolonged survival in newly diagnosed unfit patients and relapse-free survival in relapsed/refractory AML. This new dosing schedule was associated with decreased incidence of hepatotoxicity, veno-occlusive diseas...