cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Unity of the Senses

This chapter discusses sensory processes. In these many forms, the unity of the senses reflects fundamental facts of phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. It is commonly believed that all of the senses trace their evolutionary history back to a single primitive sense, a simple undifferentiated responsiveness to external stimulation. It is not difficult to imagine some early form of life, a relatively simple agglutination of cells that wriggled or withdrew when bombarded with virtually any sharp stimulus whether mechanical, radiant, or chemical. The evolution of a visual system out of an undifferentiated sensitivity took one of its most important early steps with the development of special light-sensitive pigments. It has been hypothesized that the senses of hearing and vision, both evolved from an earlier touch sense. That there is currently a close kinship between hearing and the modern touch sense is clear. Both modalities are excited by mechanical energy, that is, by changes in patterns of pressure at the receptors, and both show phenomenological as well as psychophysical similarities.
Pulmonary Function in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

The lung is an underappreciated organ in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Likely, this relates to many more immediate problems confronting the clinician treating those with severe OI and the presumption of normal lung function in mild OI. Pulmonary disease is often ignored until breathing problems become severe. Still, the majority of those with moderate to severe OI die from or with pulmonary complications. Attention is usually directed to the structural abnormalities of chest wall, spine, and airways. There is a growing appreciation of the shared collagen abnormalities within bones and the lung parenchyma. Restrictive physiology predominates whether the primary problem is chest architecture or abnormal pulmonary collagen. Obstructive lung disease, sleep disordered breathing, chronic infection often with resultant bronchiectasis, and acute lung infections play significant roles as well. When these various contributions are combined with the difficulties of interpreting physiologic data in the face of short stature, scoliosis, and long bone abnormalities, the diagnosis and management of lung disease in OI can become quite difficult.
Disruption of circadian rhythm in breast tumorigenesis

5172 Exposure to artificial light correlates with higher incidence of breast cancer. Shift workers, whose day/night rhythms are altered by their odd hours, appear more prone to develop breast cancer. In response to natural light, a master clock in our brain regulates molecular clocks in cells of the peripheral tissues, triggering clock-regulated genes that govern fundamental cellular functions. Critical clock genes - the period genes PER1, PER2, and PER3 - were found to be deregulated in breast cancer. It is currently unknown whether disruption of the peripheral clock in human breast epithelial cells leads to transformation. By using a modified serum shock protocol, we entrained human untransformed breast epithelial cells in vitro and found that a few key clock genes, including the PER genes are indeed transcribed in a rhythmic fashion in untransformed but not in transformed breast epithelial cells. For this reason we tested whether disruption of one of the key clock genes, PER2, can induce breast epithelial transformation in vitro. Stable knock down of PER2 in a human untransformed breast epithelial cells by RNA interference leads to three-dimensional (3D) morphological phenotypes that recapitulate the changes observed in early breast tumorigenesis. Thus, disruption of peripheral circadian rhythm genes initiate breast tumorigenesis. This work has been supported by US Army DOD Award W81XWH0610657
Concern for the quality of life and future importance of the forensic sciences (the living and working environment)

The quality of life concerns the well-being of man and his environment. The disciplines that are an essential part of the professional activities of the forensic scientist ideally suit him to address and to find solutions for the many serious and contradictory problems facing man and his ever more complicated enviornment. Language: en
STABILIZATION OF THE FOOT

Stabilizing operations have proved to be very satisfactory procedures in over eighty-five per cent. of the cases in this series. The addition of tendon transplantations to stabilizing operations has definitely improved the results. Each of the operative procedures (Whitman, Hoke, Dunn, Ryerson, Jones, Albee, and Steindler) has a place in the reconstructive surgery of the foot. No one of these operations can be employed satisfactorily in all cases. Careful muscle analysis will determine the indications for the procedure of choice.
Tetraplegia is associated with enhanced peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and ventilatory long-term facilitation.

Cardiorespiratory plasticity induced by acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) may contribute to recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that patients with cervical SCI would demonstrate higher minute ventilation (Ve) following AIH compared with subjects with thoracic SCI and able-bodied subjects who served as controls. Twenty-four volunteers (8 with cervical SCI, 8 with thoracic SCI, and 8 able-bodied) underwent an AIH protocol during wakefulness. Each subject experienced 15 episodes of isocapnic hypoxia using mixed gases of 100% nitrogen (N2), 8% O2, and 40% CO2 to achieve oxygen saturation ≤90% followed by room air (RA). Measurements were obtained before, during, and 40 min after AIH to obtain ventilation and heart rate variability data [R-R interval (RRI) and low-frequency/high-frequency power (LF/HF)]. AIH results were compared with those of sham studies conducted in RA during the same time period. Individuals with cervical SCI had higher Ve after AIH compared with able-bodied controls (117.9 ± 23.2% vs. 97.9 ± 11.2%, P < 0.05). RRI decreased during hypoxia in all individuals (those with cervical SCI, from 1,009.3 ± 65.0 ms to 750.2 ± 65.0 ms; those with thoracic SCI, from 945.2 ± 65.0 ms to 674.9 ± 65.0 ms; and those who were able-bodied, from 949 ± 75.0 to 682.2 ± 69.5 ms; P < 0.05). LH/HF increased during recovery in individuals with thoracic SCI and those who were able-bodied (0.54 ± 0.22 vs. 1.34 ± 0.22 and 0.67 ± 0.23 vs. 1.82 ± 0.23, respectively; P < 0.05) but remained unchanged in the group with cervical SCI. Our conclusion is that patients with cervical SCI demonstrate ventilatory long-term facilitation following AIH compared with able-bodied controls. Heart rate responses to hypoxia are acutely present in patients with cervical SCI but are absent during posthypoxic recovery.
Some aspects of the regge-pole analysis of two-body reactions involving different masses and spins

The Reggeization procedure for two-body reactions in the general-spin case is written in compact form. The particular reaction πN→ωΔ is discussed.
Self-Standing Crystalline TiO2 Nanotubes/CNTs Heterojunction Membrane: Synthesis and Characterization

In the present study, we report for the first time synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes/CNTs heterojunction membrane. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of CNTs at 650 °C in a mixture of H2/He atmosphere led to in situ detachment of the anodically fabricated TiO2 nanotube layers from the Ti substrate underneath. Morphological and structural evolution of TiO2 nanotubes after CNTs deposition were investigated by field- emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses.
The politics of extinction

‘This is the first time, as far as we know, that a deliberate conscious action has been taken to push a species to extinction.’
Draft Genomes of Two Strains of Flavobacterium Isolated from Lake Washington Sediment

We report sequencing the genomes of two new Flavobacterium strains isolated from Lake Washington sediment. From genomic contents, versatile lifestyles were predicted but not bona fide methylotrophy. With the availability of their genomic sequences, the new Flavobacterium strains present prospective models for studying microbial communities in lake sediments.
Abstract P6-10-07: Risk-Benefit Framework To Evaluate Gene-Expression Profiling in Early Stage Breast Cancer: A Decision Model Developed in Collaboration with Stakeholders

Objectives Recent comparative effectiveness research recommendations have emphasized that stakeholder involvement in research prioritization and design is critical for ultimate acceptance of results. With this recommendation in mind, an interactive risk-benefit model was developed to evaluate gene-expression profiling (GEP) to guide use of adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage breast cancer compared to clinical guidelines. Methods A stakeholder collaborative feedback process was utilized to develop a decision model to estimate the comparative benefits and harms of GEP relative to NCCN guidelines, including disease recurrences, adverse events, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The model allows users to specify the GEP, node status, patient cohort age, adjuvant chemotherapy relative risk reduction, and patient chemotherapy preferences in each risk stratum. A Markov process was utilized to estimate long-term clinical outcomes. Based on stakeholder concerns about QALY-based outcomes, alternative outcomes such as disease recurrences and adjuvant chemotherapy serious adverse events were presented. The prognostic and predictive properties of the GEPs were derived from published retrospective analyses of RCTs. Adjuvant chemotherapy utility decrements were derived from trial-based adverse event rates. The base case patient was a pre-menopausal woman of age 44. Results Preliminary analyses indicate that a 2-risk strata GEP, 3-risk strata GEP, and clinical guidelines would identify 50%, 46% and 92% of women to receive adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. Based on this level of uptake, relative to a scenario where no patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy, these prognostic approaches would prevent 29%, 36% and 34% of distant recurrences, respectively. This scenario results in 17.4 QALYs, 18.1 QALYs, and 17.7 QALYs, respectively. These findings indicate that depending on the specific GEP examined, testing may lead to a net harm or net benefit relative to clinical guidelines, due to variation in risk of disease recurrence, despite avoidance of chemotherapy and side effects in 42% and 46% of women, respectively. Conclusions GEP to inform adjuvant chemotherapy treatment decisions in early stage breast cancer could lead to an increase or decrease in QALYs relative to the use of clinical guidelines, depending on the specific GEP examined. Stakeholder feedback has indicated that acceptance of model results will likely depend on its degree of transparency, ease of use and interpretation, and ability to present relevant outcome measures. Ongoing efforts are focused on additional collaboration with stakeholders to align model structure and output with current needs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-07.
The arthrodesis rate in multilevel anterior cervical fusions using autogenous fibula.

Study Design. This study was a roentgenographic review of 145 patients who underwent multilevel anterior cervical arthrodesis using autogenous fibula. Objective. To determine the arthrodesis rate in multilevel cervical fusions using autogenous fibula. Summary of Background Data. Previous studies have shown an unacceptably high rate of nonunions with multilevel anterior cervical arthrodesis. However, this has not been the clinical experience of the author's group. Methods. Lateral roentgenograms taken a minimum of 2 years after surgery were reviewed independently by two radiologists. If either radiologist questioned any fusion level, the final decision was made on the basis of flexion-extension roentgenograms. Results. An overall union rate of 90% and 94% per patient was found for each level of attempted fusion. A solid arthrodesis was achieved in 93% of the patients with two-level fusions, and 84% of the three-level fusions were solid. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Autogenous fibula used as a strut graft results in an acceptable union rate for multilevel anterior cervical arthrodesis.
Alcohol dependence and altered engagement of brain networks in risky decisions

Alcohol dependence is associated with heightened risk tolerance and altered decision- making. This raises the question as to whether alcohol dependent patients (ADP) are incapable of proper risk assessment. We investigated how healthy controls (HC) and ADP engage neural networks to cope with the increased cognitive demands of risky decisions. We collected fMRI data while 34 HC and 16 ADP played a game that included “safe” and “risky” trials. In safe trials, participants accrued money at no risk of a penalty. In risky trials, reward and risk simultaneously increased as participants were instructed to decide when to stop a reward accrual period. If the participant failed to stop before an undisclosed time, the trial would “bust” and participants would not earn the money from that trial. Independent Component Analysis was used to identify networks engaged during the anticipation and the decision execution of risky compared with safe trials. Like HC, ADP demonstrated distinct network engagement for safe and risky trials at anticipation. However, at decision execution, ADP exhibited severely reduced discrimination in network engagement between safe and risky trials. Although ADP behaviorally responded to risk they failed to appropriately modify network engagement as the decision continued, leading ADP to assume similar network engagement regardless of risk prospects. This may reflect disorganized network switching and a facile response strategy uniformly adopted by ADP across risk conditions. We propose that aberrant salience network (SN) engagement in ADP might contribute to ineffective network switching and that the role of the SN in risky decisions warrants further investigation.
Monitoring the Sanitary Status of Catering Industries in Anyang City from 2008 to 2009

Objective To understand the sanitary status of catering industries in Anyang City.Method The sanitary quality of tablewares,raw materials,utensils for preparing foods and the sanitary quality of instant cold dishes sampled from catering industries in 2008-2009 were monitored and analyzed.Results The qualified rate of tablewares was 61.3%;that of raw materials for preparing foods was 90.1%,cold dishes was 50.3% and that of appliances in the room for preparing cold dishes was 43.1%.Conclusion The qualified rate of part indicators in the monitored catering industries was low in Anyang City.Strengthening supervision and management and improving sanitary status in catering industries is needed.
Programming with Your Heart on Your Sleeve: Analyzing the Affective States of Computer Programming Students

Students learning computer programming must learn difficult concepts via complex problem-solving activities which elicit strong emotional responses. In this research we explore the affective states that occur while learning computer programming, the events that precede them, and the outcomes that are influenced by them. The data collected in current and future research will be used to create an affect-sensitive intelligent tutoring system which will be better able to maximize learning gains in novice computer programmers and improve their perception of computer science via intelligent handling of emotion.
MO-FG-BRB-02: Debater

Building on the energy and excitement of Washington DC in a presidential election year, AAPM will host its own Presidential Debate to better understand the views of the AAPM membership! Past presidents of the AAPM, Drs. Bayouth, Hazle, Herman, and Seibert, will debate hot topics in medical physics including issues facing education, professional practice, and the advancement of science. The moderators, Drs. Brock and Stern, will also draw in topics from Point-Counterpoint articles from the Medical Physics Journals. Wrapping up the debate, the audience will have the opportunity to question the candidates in a town hall format. At the conclusion of this lively debate, the winner will be decided by the audience, so bring your Audience Response Units! Be part of Medical Physics - Decision 2016! Learning Objectives: 1.Understand AAPM members’ views and opinions on issues facing medical physics education 2.Learn AAPM members’ views and opinions on issues facing professional practice 3.Identify AAPM members’ view and opinions on issues facing the advancement of science in medical physics J. Bayouth, Funding support from NCI;Scientific Advisory Board member - ViewRay
Total 3D Airo® Navigation for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Introduction. A new generation of iCT scanner, Airo®, has been introduced. The purpose of this study is to describe how Airo facilitates minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). Method. We used the latest generation of portable iCT in all cases without the assistance of K-wires. We recorded the operation time, number of scans, and pedicle screw accuracy. Results. From January 2015 to December 2015, 33 consecutive patients consisting of 17 men and 16 women underwent single-level or two-level MIS-TLIF operations in our institution. The ages ranged from 23 years to 86 years (mean, 66.6 years). We treated all the cases in MIS fashion. In four cases, a tubular laminectomy at L1/2 was performed at the same time. The average operation time was 192.8 minutes and average time of placement per screw was 2.6 minutes. No additional fluoroscopy was used. Our screw accuracy rate was 98.6%. No complications were encountered. Conclusions. Airo iCT MIS-TLIF can be used for initial planning of the skin incision, precise screw, and cage placement, without the need for fluoroscopy. “Total navigation” (complete intraoperative 3D navigation without fluoroscopy) can be achieved by combining Airo navigation with navigated guide tubes for screw placement.
Results from phase 1 dose escalation study of the proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 in patients with solid tumors and lymphomas

B1 Background: NPI-0052 is a novel proteasome inhibitor that produces prolonged inhibition of all three catalytic activities (C-L, T-L, CT-L) of the 20S proteasome. Preclinical data suggest NPI-0052 may demonstrate an improved therapeutic ratio, with activity in myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia and solid tumor models, and has led to the initiation of clinical trials in these indications. The results of this study evaluate the endpoints of proteasome inhibition, pharmacokinetics and safety in patients with lymphomas and solid tumors at doses below the MTD. Materials and Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas without other treatment options were enrolled into this 3+3 design dose escalation study. Patients were treated with NPI-0052 administered as a weekly IV bolus for 3 weeks in 4-week cycles. The dose of NPI-0052 was escalated in cohorts of 3 patients dependent on observed adverse events. In addition to regular safety monitoring, proteasome inhibition (baseline, D1-2, D8, D15-17, D22 and D29) and pharmacokinetics (D1 and D15) were assayed in blood. Results: Sixteen patients have been treated at doses ranging from 0.0125 mg/m² to 0.112 mg/m² for up to 6 cycles without reaching an MTD. A SAE of MRSA sepsis and renal failure occurred in one patient treated at 0.1 mg/m², however, drug related adverse events have been unremarkable at the highest dose level tested (0.112 mg/m²). Preliminary pharmacokinetic data indicate an elimination half life of approximately 3-4 minutes with clearance at 8-21 mL/min and Vz of 44-99L. Proteasome inhibition has been assayed in whole blood from patients treated in the 0.0125 mg/m² through 0.075 mg/m² dose cohorts, demonstrating inhibition of CT-L activity of up to 63% and indications of a dose:response relation. No clinical responses have been confirmed, however, 4 patients have had stable disease for at least 4 months, including patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (6 months), adenoid cystic carcinoma (each at 4 months) and cervical carcinoma (7 months - investigator reported complete resolution of target lesion(s) [adenopathy] to palpation). Conclusions: NPI-0052 appears to produce dose-dependent pharmacologic effects at doses below the MTD. Dose escalation continues to define a recommended phase 2 dose. Safety and clinical benefit will continue to be evaluated to further characterize the significance of the initial findings in larger numbers of patients in each of these different populations, inclusive of 10 patient Recommended Phase 2 Dose Cohorts.
IGF-1/GH axis enhances losartan treatment in Lama2-related muscular dystrophy

As the complexities of dystrophic pathology have been elucidated over the last few years, it has become increasingly clear that primary monogenetic defects result in multiple secondary pathologies capable of autonomously driving disease progression. Consequently, single-mode therapies fail to comprehensively ameliorate all aspects of pathology. Lama2-related muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is a devastating congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene that results in multi-faceted secondary pathologies that include inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and necrosis leading to severe muscle weakness and minimal postnatal growth. This study sought to implement a novel combinatorial treatment utilizing losartan, previously shown to ameliorate fibrosis and inflammation in conjunction with transgenic IGF-1 overexpression to improve postnatal growth. We found that dual-therapy rescued inflammation and fibrosis, improved weight gain, and led to remarkable restoration of muscle architecture and locomotory function in DyW mice (mouse model of MDC1A). We further showed using murine growth hormone that postnatal intervention with both therapies also yielded impressive amelioration of dystrophic pathology. Our results suggest for the first time that a combinatorial anti-fibrotic and pro-myogenic therapy could be the foundation of future therapies to a population of afflicted children in serious need.
The Legal Framework for Using Tobacco Product Inserts and Onserts to Help Consumers Make More Informed Choices and Reduce Tobacco Use Harms

This working paper describes the major legal authorities and legal constraints relevant to the possibility that the U.S. Food & Drug Administration or state or local governments might attempt to require tobacco product manufacturers to provide informative tobacco product inserts or onserts to provide consumers with useful information relevant to understanding or reducing the harms and risks caused from using those tobacco products. Given that any such insert or onsert requirements could be legally challenged by affected tobacco product manufacturers, this paper carefully considers how the courts might interpret and apply the relevant legal authorities and preemption provisions in the Federal Tobacco Control Act and other federal law and how they might apply the First Amendment’s constraints on compelled commercial speech. Going further, the paper also provides guidance on how any government insert or onsert requirements could be structured to minimize the risk that any legal challenges would be successful, and about what related research could provide further support or guidance.
The moral ecology of colonial infrastructure and the vicissitudes of land rights in rural Pakistan

ABSTRACTFor the last 10 years, the Pakistan army has not been able to collect rent from tenant farmers on its military farms in central Punjab. In this article, I analyse the historical and cultural significance of this contested land by using insights from recent literature on the politics of infrastructure to examine the contingency of rule in Pakistan, a postcolonial state, which is dominated by its army. I illustrate these dynamics by exploring the challenge brought up by a peasant movement to tacit cultural understandings about land and political subjectivity in central Punjab, the folkloric heartland of Pakistani nationalism. I argue that place-based movements, like the Punjab Tenants Association, can radically challenge our sense of place by giving a relational account of land as both a material substance and a crucial link in the set of relations that define moral, economic and political life. This approach broadens the emerging study of infrastructures by engaging insights from science/technology...
Selective harmonic elimination for the modular multilevel converter

This paper will analyze the power quality of multilevel voltage waveforms generated using three modulation strategies: i) a conventional nearest level control (NLC) strategy, ii) NLC with harmonic elimination, and iii) optimized selective harmonic elimination (OSHE). A uniform sampling frequency of the sinusoidal voltage is considered for NLC modulation. It is found in all selected experimental results that the power quality obtained employing OSHE is higher than the other two modulation techniques.
The Real Planet of the Apes: A New Story of Human Origins

David Begun clears away some heavy obstacles to exposition before The Real Planet of the Apes enters orbit. The title then reappears in the text: “With a minimum of 100 genera of fossil apes in the...
TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE SCORE CAN PREDICT POST-DISCHARGE REINTERVENTIONS IN PARTIAL AND TRANSITIONAL ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT REPAIR

Background: Repair of partial or transitional atrioventricular septal defects (P/T AVSD) has excellent outcomes; however, late reinterventions remain a concern. Technical Performance Score (TPS) measures residua post repair and has been associated with early/mid-term outcomes after congenital
Lateral Gene Transfer Dynamics in the Ancient Bacterial Genus Streptomyces.

ABSTRACT Lateral gene transfer (LGT) profoundly shapes the evolution of bacterial lineages. LGT across disparate phylogenetic groups and genome content diversity between related organisms suggest a model of bacterial evolution that views LGT as rampant and promiscuous. It has even driven the argument that species concepts and tree-based phylogenetics cannot be applied to bacteria. Here, we show that acquisition and retention of genes through LGT are surprisingly rare in the ubiquitous and biomedically important bacterial genus Streptomyces. Using a molecular clock, we estimate that the Streptomyces bacteria are ~380 million years old, indicating that this bacterial genus is as ancient as land vertebrates. Calibrating LGT rate to this geologic time span, we find that on average only 10 genes per million years were acquired and subsequently maintained. Over that same time span, Streptomyces accumulated thousands of point mutations. By explicitly incorporating evolutionary timescale into our analyses, we provide a dramatically different view on the dynamics of LGT and its impact on bacterial evolution. IMPORTANCE Tree-based phylogenetics and the use of species as units of diversity lie at the foundation of modern biology. In bacteria, these pillars of evolutionary theory have been called into question due to the observation of thousands of lateral gene transfer (LGT) events within and between lineages. Here, we show that acquisition and retention of genes through LGT are exceedingly rare in the bacterial genus Streptomyces, with merely one gene acquired in Streptomyces lineages every 100,000 years. These findings stand in contrast to the current assumption of rampant genetic exchange, which has become the dominant hypothesis used to explain bacterial diversity. Our results support a more nuanced understanding of genetic exchange, with LGT impacting evolution over short timescales but playing a significant role over long timescales. Deeper understanding of LGT provides new insight into the evolutionary history of life on Earth, as the vast majority of this history is microbial.
A dynamic likelihood approach to filtering

A Bayesian data assimilation scheme is formulated for advection-dominated or hyperbolic evolutionary problems, and observations. It uses the physics to dynamically update the likelihood in order to extend the impact of the likelihood on the posterior, a strategy that would be particularly useful when the the observation network is sparse in space and time and the associated measurement uncertainties are low. The filter is applied to a problem with linear dynamics and Gaussian statistics, and compared to the exact estimate, a model outcome, and the Kalman filter estimate. By comparing to the exact estimate the dynamic likelihood filter is shown to be superior to model outcomes and to the Kalman estimate, when the observation system is sparse. The added computational expense of the method is linear in the number of observations and thus computationally efficient, suggesting that the method is practical even if the space dimensions of the physical problem are large.
SAM: Software-Assisted Memory Hierarchy for Scalable Manycore Embedded Systems

This letter proposes a system architecture for a scalable software-assisted memory (SAM) hierarchy for emerging manycore embedded systems. Our SAM hierarchy overcomes the coherence overhead and inflexibility of purely hardware-managed memory hierarchies in adapting to variable workloads. Our preliminary results show opportunities for energy saving and performance improvement through: 1) a hybrid software-programmable memory (SPM)/cache local memory adaptable to the application’s memory characteristics; 2) SPM-based management of shared data; and 3) virtualizing and sharing the on-chip memory space between concurrently running applications. Primary experimental results show opportunities to reduce the execution time and the memory hierarchy energy consumption by up to 23% and 7%, respectively, depending on the workload.
Synovial Lipoma of the Subtalar Joint

Lipomas are benign adipose masses that are rarely associated with synovial membranes. In addition, there are only a few reports describing synovial lipomas in the foot. No reported occurrence of this lesion in the subtalar joint currently exists. This case report documents the presentation, clinical evaluation, advanced imaging, and surgical management of a 45-year-old man with a large synovial lipoma of the subtalar joint.
Effects of cooperative and competitive coevolution on complexity in a linguistic prediction game

We propose a linguistic prediction game with competitive and cooperative variants, and a model of game players based on finite state automata. We present a complexity metric for these automata, and study the coevolutionary dynamics of complexity growth in a variety of multi-species simulations. We present quantitative results using this complexity metric and analyze the causes of varying rates of complexity growth across different types of interactions. We find that while both purely competitive and purely cooperative coevolution are able to drive complexity growth above the rate of genetic drift, mixed systems with both competitive and cooperative interactions achieve significantly higher evolved complexity.
Friction evolution of granitic faults: heating controlled transition from powder-lubrication to frictional melt

The experimental shearing of granitic faults revealed complex evolution of strength and microstructure. We use a rotary shear apparatus to shear three types of granitic rocks at moderate slip-velocity of 0.01 - 0.11 m/s, normal stress of 1.0 - 6.8 MPa, and slip distance up to 60 m. Three stages of strength evolution with slip-distance were systematically observed. In Stage I, faults exhibited initial weakening in which the friction coefficient dropped to a steady-state level of μ ≈ 0.3. This weakening is associated with powder lubrication and the development of cohesive gouge layers. Stage II included strengthening to μ ≈ 0.5 associated with volumetric expansion, melting of fault patches, and viscous braking at these patches. In Stage III, fault weakening is due to melt lubrication when the melted patches reach a critical fraction of the fault surface area. We show that this complex weakening-strengthening-weakening evolution is controlled by thermally activated deformation processes that can explain the friction behavior of igneous rocks at seismic velocity range.
Stratification of habitats for identifying habitat selection by Merriam's Turkeys

Habitat selection patterns of Merriam’s Turkeys were compared in hierarchical analyses of three levels of habitat stratification. Habitat descriptions in first-level analyses were based on dominant species of vegetation. Habitat descriptions in second-level analyses were based on dominant species of vegetation and overstory canopy cover. Habitat descriptions in third-level analyses were based on dominant species of vegetation, overstory canopy cover, and structural stages (dbh categories). First-level analyses showed turkeys selected for ponderosa pine and selected against meadow habitats. No conclusions could be drawn regarding forest management on habitat selection of turkeys at this level of habitat stratification. Second-level analyses showed that selection of ponderosa pine and aspen/birch habitats varied among seasons. Implications for forest management activities on turkeys at this level of habitat stratification could be made. Third-level analyses added little to conclusions of habitat selection patterns drawn from second-level analyses and increased chances for Type II errors. Habitat selection patterns of Merriam’s Turkeys were best described when habitats were stratified by dominant species of vegetation and overstory canopy cover.
New Existence Theorems and Evaluation Formulas for Analytic Feynman Integrals

Existence theorems and evaluation formulas are obtained for the analytic Feynman integral corresponding to functionals of the form given below in (1.1).
Primary and secondary angiosarcoma of the breast

Angiosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor of the breast. It occurs in both a primary form without a known precursor, and a secondary form that has been associated to a history of irradiated breast tissue. These forms differ in many ways including median age, precipitating factors, and presentation. Both forms have a malignant behavior and a poor prognosis. The endeavor of this paper is to review what is known about the presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to date.
On the upper limit to equilibrium segragation at a grain boundary

It is shown that the upper limit for equilibrium solute segregation at a grain boundary, as formulated by Cahn and Hilliard, is valid not only for Henrian behavior of the bulk solvent-solute system, but for behavior of the type described here. This behavior is shown to be satisfied for negative deviations from Henry's Law. This suggests that, while the criticisms of Bitler are valid for some classes of bulk thermodynamic behavior, the expression by Cahn and Hilliard does represent a valid upper bound in many other cases where detailed solution activity data may not be available.
Improving the ${Q}$ -Factor of Printed HF RFID Loop Antennas on Flexible Substrates by Condensing the Microstructures of Conductors

High frequency (HF) radio frequency identification (RFID) loop antennas are popular for HF RFID, energy transfer and near field communication applications. One of the major parameters defining the working range of HF RFID antennas is their ${Q}$ -factor. Printing techniques are the ideal method for mass fabrication of HF RFID loop antennas. However, due to the relatively low conductivity of the inks available on the market, the ${Q}$ -factor of the printed HF loop antenna tends to be low and in many cases, fails to meet the working range requirements. This paper reports two methods to condense the microstructures of the conductors in order to improve the ${Q}$ -factors of printed HF RFID loop antennas. Both thermal compression (pressing the sample at elevated temperature) and near-infrared annealing are studied, and the results have demonstrated that both approaches are efficient in improving the ${Q}$ -factors of printed loop antennas.
PROPERTIES OF LOCALIZED SILICON-DIOXIDE CLUSTERS IN LAYERS OF DISORDERED SILICON ON SILVER

Reflectivity spectra have been studied of silane-vapor-deposited silicon on metallic silver in the wavelength range between 0.7 and 15 μm. The infrared properties of local centers consisting of silicon dioxide clusters and siliconoxygen complexes in silicon have been examined using an effective medium approximation. This approach can be justified in films containing relatively large concentrations of oxygen between approximately 0.5 to 15 volume percent as measured by proton-induced x-ray emission analysis. Oscillator strengths are estimated for prominent oxygen-induced vibrational transitions in films and are compared to the corresponding parameters measured in silicon dioxide for vibrational modes near 8.3 and 10 μm in the near infrared. The form of the complex dielectric function ɛ for electronic transitions near the fundamental edge is also given and its dependence on oxygen content is discussed.
Special Issue Conclusion: Representing the Stories of Diverse Women in Psychology

AbstractIn this special issue, we offered a venue to capture the stories of diverse woman-identified psychologists. Utilizing feminist storytelling as a vehicle, contributors shared their experienc...
Programming abstractions for orchestration of HPC scientific computing (keynote)

Application developers are confronted with three axes of increasing complexity going forward; increasing heterogeneity in computing platforms at all levels, increasing heterogeneity in solvers and data management, and moving existing code bases to future programming models. While the first two will dictate which future programming models may deliver the needed performance, the third will determine their adoption. However, it is clear that the infrastructure backbone of large scale Multiphysics software has to orchestrate data and task movement between devices. The lifecycle of scientific software is several times that of platforms, therefore, any orchestration mechanism must have flexibility and configurability to remain usable on future platforms. In this presentation I will outline a model of an orchestration framework and the demands that it will place on programming models and languages.
Microglia Suppress Ascl1-Induced Retinal Regeneration in Mice

The innate immune system plays key roles in tissue regeneration. For example, microglia promote neurogenesis in Muller glia in birds and fish after injury. Although mammalian retina does not normally regenerate, neurogenesis can be induced in mouse Muller glia by Ascl1, a proneural transcription factor. We show that in mice, microglia inhibit the Ascl1-mediated retinal regeneration, suggesting that the innate immune system limits the regenerative response to injury.
120th Virtual Annual Meeting and ConferenceMedical Library Association, Inc.May 19, 2020, and July 27-August 28, 2020.

The Medical Library Association (MLA) held its 120th annual meeting and conference virtually May 19, 2020, and July 27–August 28, 2020, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The meeting was titled the “MLA’20 vConference and Exhibits,” and the theme was “2020 Vision: The Future in Focus.”
How Long Has it Been Since the Last Deal? Consumer Promotion Timing Expectations and Promotional Response

When modeling consumers’ forward-looking behavior using choice data on frequently purchased products, the common approach assumes that consumers have rational expectations about future promotions. Previous studies modeled such expectations using a first-order Markov (FOM) process. However, empirical evidence from several categories suggest that inter-promotion intervals can last several weeks implying that a FOM process that conditions future expectations of prices only on current-period prices can be limiting. We utilize a Proportional Hazard model (PHM) to characterize consumers’ rational expectation of future price promotion. We first show that estimating a dynamic structural model that uses a FOM specification for rational expectations can bias estimates of promotion effects with both simulation analysis and scanner panel data from four consumer packaged goods product categories. Secondly, we empirically show that a structural model employing a PHM specification for promotion expectations fits the data better than ones that assume only a FOM price or promotion expectation. Lastly, we show using an analysis of promotion policy changes that a structural model with a FOM expectation can lead to suboptimal managerial decisions.
Mediational Role of Drinking to Cope in the Associations of Depression and Suicidal Ideation with Solitary Drinking in Adults Seeking Alcohol Treatment.

Background: Little research on solitary drinking has focused on clinical samples. Previous research in college students has found that depression, suicidal ideation, and drinking to cope with negat...
Thermal Stability and in Vitro Elution Kinetics of Alternative Antibiotics in Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement

Background Amikacin, meropenem, minocycline, and fosfomycin have potential clinical utility for orthopaedic infections; however, their suitability for use in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was (1) to quantify the thermal stability of these antibiotics at clinically relevant temperatures and (2) to determine the elution pharmacodynamics of these alternative antibiotics in vitro from PMMA beads of different sizes. Methods Polymerization temperatures of 10-mm PMMA beads were measured over time to generate a simulated heating curve. Aqueous solutions of tobramycin, amikacin, meropenem, minocycline, and fosfomycin were subjected to the temperature curves, followed by incubation at 37°C. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of each antibiotic were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. High-dose 4.5-mm, 6-mm, and 10-mm antibiotic-laden PMMA beads (10% antibiotic by weight) were submerged individually in a phosphate-buffered saline solution and incubated at 37°C. Antibiotic elution was determined with use of high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results Tobramycin, amikacin, and fosfomycin demonstrated thermal stability and maintained antimicrobial activity for 28 days. Minocycline and meropenem lost antimicrobial activity against all 3 organisms after 48 hours and 7 days, respectively. Elution concentrations, rates, and cumulative drug mass for tobramycin, amikacin, and meropenem were orders of magnitude higher than minocycline and fosfomycin at each time point. Conclusions This study identified notable differences in thermal stability and elution among antibiotics used to treat infections. Amikacin exhibited activity similarly to tobramycin. Meropenem demonstrated favorable elution kinetics and thermal stability in the initial 7-day period. Clinical relevance Amikacin and meropenem show pharmacologic promise as potential acceptable alternatives for local delivery in PMMA for treatment of orthopaedic infections. Further work to establish clinical relevance and utility is needed.
Rural-urban differences in informal caregiving and health-related quality of life

Objectives Rural-urban health disparities are pervasive among older adults. Rural US locations have a disproportionately high population of older adults, have reduced access to services, and are therefore more reliant on family and friends for care. However, little is known about rural-urban disparities among the 40+ million informal caregivers nationwide. There is a critical need to understand how rural-urban disparities impact caregiving experiences and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objectives of this study were to assess rural-urban differences in informal caregiving status, caregiving intensity (caregiving hours/week and types of care provided), and caregiver HRQoL. Methods Data were abstracted from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The primary measure of rural-urban status was "metropolitan status." Associations between rural-urban status and caregiving and rural-urban differences in caregiving intensity and HRQoL were examined using generalized linear models, controlling for confounding and accounting for complex sampling. Results Rural respondents were more likely to be caregivers than urban respondents (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.34). After adjustment for confounders, rural caregivers were more likely than urban caregivers to provide 20 or more hours of caregiving per week (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.77), although the findings for health and HRQoL were somewhat mixed. Conclusion Results indicate that rural older adults offer more care than urban counterparts, which may have implications for caregiver health, well-being, and quality of life. These results can inform policies designed to improve caregiver health, and facilitate the translation and adaptation of existing policies, programs, and interventions to address rural caregivers' needs.
Evaluation of Ischemic Heart Disease in the Young Population of Georgia

Objective: Study of risk factors (RF) for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in young people is a significant problem in cardiology. Aims: Study and prognosis of ischemic heart disease in Georgian population under 45 years of age. Methods: The study included 107 young patients with coronary heart disease (from 18 to 44 years old), who were treated in the cardiology department of the St. John the Merciful Private Clinic. The average age was (34.68 ± 6.2) years. The control group consisted of 199 healthy volunteers without cardiovascular diseases at the age from 18 to 44 years, the average age was (35.9 ± 5.2) years. In all patients, traditional risk factors were assessed. Results: Regression analysis has shown that it increases the risk of ischemic heart disease: living in the city - OR=6.90(95%CI:1.28-37.18); sleep disturbance - OR=45.62(95%CI:3.52-590.64); obesity -OR=24.56(95%CI:4.14-145.66); hypertension - OR=40.76(95%CI:8.07-205.92); excess intake of saturated fats - OR=79.94(95%CI:10.93-584.43); night shift - OR=39.01(95%CI:3.75-405.75); early detection of ischemic disease in grade I-II relatives - OR=44.22(95%CI:8.07-242.17); decrease - female gender - OR=0.14 (95%CI:0.03-0.70) and married - OR=0.01(95%CI:0.00-0.08); Conclusion: The ability to predict the risk of developing IHD in young people on the basis of traditional RFs, most of which are modifiable, as well as the study of "new" RFs opens up new perspectives in the formation of a strategic approach to the management of young patients in the presence of high risk.
Understanding West Africa’s informal workers as working class

Informal workers in Africa are very often portrayed as primarily self-employed entrepreneurs and unemployed individuals largely excluded from capitalism, and thus insulated from class analysis and ...
Animal Attractions: Cinema, Exoticism, and German Modernity

The paper analyzes the rich interconnections between the open zoos and early cinema. Between 1907 and 1913, these institutions engaged in a lively reciprocal exchange, supplying each other with attractions that mutually informed and expanded their different exhibition programs. At the same time, they commonly invoked cultural fantasies of exotic adventure, and transformed these fantasies into vicarious thrills. The entertainments of Carl Hagenbeck, Germany's most famous zookeeper, are a case in point. At his zoo in Hamburg, he 'modernized', popular exhibitions of the exotic and the primitive animals and foreign 'peoples', he also experimented with technological media (including cinema) and collaborated with early filmmakers.