cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis With ARDS

A 49-year-old man with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus developed interstitial pneumonitis documented by surgical lung biopsy specimen evaluation after two weekly doses of pegylated interferon-α 2 b in combination with ribavirin. He developed ARDS and died after 26 days of hospitalization from multisystem organ failure. This case suggests that interstitial pulmonary disease can occur with pegylated interferon-α 2 b therapy.
Third-generation versus fourth-generation software development

A case study examines how fourth-generation languages do well and how they come up short compared to their predecessors. Two fourth-generation tools dBase III and PC/Focus were used, and a solution in Cobol was developed to use as a benchmark for third-generation-language performance. For each solution, development effort, code size, and performance characteristics were examined. It was found that even though the code sizes were smaller with both fourth-generation tools, Cobol was clearly superior in performance. It took longer to develop the solution in Cobol than in dBase III but less time than in PC/Focus. >
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry of Rubidium in Biological Fluids

The atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for measurement of rubidium in serum, plasma, whole blood, and urine was evaluated, and the effects of interfering ions were studied. Absorbance was most enhanced by potassium and sodium; calcium, bicarbonate, and chloride at the concentrations found in serum did not affect rubidium absorption. Naturally occurring rubidium concentrations in serum, plasma, whole blood, and urine are 3, 4, 70, and 18 µEq/liter, respectively, much lower than expected therapeutic concentrations. Methods for preparing standards, optimum instrument settings, and special treatment of samples were established with specimens from monkeys treated with rubidium. These procedures are applicable to human bloods from patients receiving rubidium therapy when such therapy is begun for treatment of affective disorders.
Semiautomatic video object segmentation using VSnakes

Video object segmentation and tracking are essential for content-based video processing. This paper presents a framework for a semiautomatic approach to this problem. A semantic video object is initialized with human assistance in a key frame. The video object is then tracked and segmented automatically in the following frames. A new active contour model, VSnakes, is introduced as a segmentation method in this framework. The active contour energy is defined so as to reflect the energy difference between two contours instead of the energy of a single contour. Multiple-resolution wavelet decomposition is applied in generating the edge energy of the image frame. Contour relaxation is used to deal with the object deformation frame by frame, and the Viterbi algorithm is used to update the contour path during contour relaxation. Compared to the original snakes algorithm, semiautomatic video object segmentation with the VSnakes algorithm resulted in improved performance in terms of video object shape distortion (1.4% versus 2.9% in one experiment), which suggests that it could be a useful tool in many content-based video applications, e.g., MPEG-4 video object generation and medical imaging.
Occupational Carbon Monoxide Fatalities in the US From Unintentional Non-Fire Related Exposures, 1992–2008

OBJECTIVE: To analyze characteristics of, and trends in, work-related carbon monoxide (CO) fatalities in the US. METHODS: Records of unintentional, non-fire related fatalities from CO exposure were extracted from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Integrated Management Information System for years 1992-2008 and analyzed separately. RESULTS: The average number of annual CO fatalities was 22 (standard deviation = 8). Fatality rates were highest among workers aged ≥65, males, Hispanics, winter months, the Midwest, and the Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping industry subsector. Self-employed workers accounted for 28% of all fatalities. Motor vehicles were the most frequent source of fatal CO exposure, followed by heating systems and generators. CONCLUSIONS: CO has been the most frequent cause of occupational fatality due to acute inhalation, and has shown no significant decreasing trend since 1992. The high number of fatalities from motor vehicles warrants further investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Estimating the water content of hydrated minerals using reflectance spectroscopy I. Effects of darkening agents and low-albedo materials

Abstract The apparent strength of absorptions due to H 2 O near 1.9 and 3 μm in reflectance spectra is strongly affected by sample albedo. This study uses experimental and analytical approaches to quantify the effects of albedo on estimating the water content of hydrated minerals using various band parameters. We compare spectral band parameters for a series of low-albedo physical and numerical mixtures to measured water contents. Physical experiments consist of montmorillonite, clinoptilolite, and palagonite mixed with lesser amounts of carbon black and ilmenite, whereas numerical mixtures are composed of these host minerals mixed with a material of constant, low albedo. We find the effective single-particle absorption-thickness parameter provides the best correlation to water content, independent of composition and albedo, when derived from continuum-removed single scattering albedo spectra. Uncertainties in estimated water content are on the order of ±1 wt% using this method. The normalized optical path length parameter provides the best correlation to water content when using reflectance spectra, yielding estimates within ±1.6 wt% H 2 O. The accuracy of these models is related to the physical nature of the darkening material. Scattering and absorption efficiencies are easier to model for intimate mixtures containing relatively large, dark grains than mixtures dominated by coatings of a fine-grained, strongly absorbing material. This suggests the physical properties that give rise to the albedo of a material are an important factor for accurate estimates of absolute water content.
Improving Perception in Time Delayed Teleoperation

Telerobotics has long struggled to provide realistic force feedback to the user, especially across substantial time delays. Wave variable based controllers provide stable force reflection at frequencies up to a few Hertz for typical communication delays; however, the bandwidth of human perception extends to a thousand Hertz. We address this problem by incorporating a force sensor at the slave end effector and creating an additional feedback path to provide high frequency force information to the user. We build this augmented feedback system on top of a normal wave variable controller, leveraging the separation of power flows provided by the wave variable formalism and building a fundamentally asymmetric controller that better matches the sensory capabilities of the human operator. To further improve the user’s perception of the slave site, we investigate the use of wave filters to compensate for wave reflections without introducing the excessive damping inherent to impedance matching. Both of these improvements are validated experimentally in a simple three degree of freedom teleoperator.
EFFECTS OF PUBLIC POSTING, GOAL SETTING, AND ORAL FEEDBACK ON THE SKILLS OF FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS

We evaluated the effects of public posting, goal setting, and oral feedback on the skills of 3 female high school soccer players during practice scrimmages. The dependent variables were the percentage of appropriate responses when the player (a) kept and maintained possession of the ball, (b) moved to an open position during a game restart (e.g., goal or corner kick), and (c) moved to an open position after passing the ball. We also assessed the extent to which changes in practice performances generalized to games. A social validity questionnaire was completed by both players and coaches to assess the acceptability of the intervention's goals, procedures, and outcomes. Results indicate that the intervention was effective in improving performances during practice scrimmages but produced limited generalization to game settings.
Cognitive benefits of hormone therapy: cardiovascular factors and healthy-user bias.

Objective: The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study and its ancillary Memory Study (WHIMS) revealed increased rates of cardiovascular risk, cognitive decline and dementia with opposed conjugated equine estrogens (CEE). As a result, previously accepted observational data suggesting cardiovascular and cognitive benefits and reduced risk for dementia with hormone therapy (HT) were largely attributed to ‘healthy-user’ bias. The present observational, community-based, case-controlled study examined the ‘healthy-user’ bias theory by comparing cognitive task performance in two groups of postmenopausal women, who were either HT users or non-users. Design: Participants were 213 non-demented, postmenopausal women residing in the community and in assisted-living facilities who completed a self-report health questionnaire and underwent a 1-h cognitive test battery. To study the independent contribution of variables in the prediction of cognitive performance, we employed a series of hierarchical regression models adding terms in three stages. The first stage included only HT, the second stage added demographics, and the last stage added alcohol, depression and a cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) composite derived from a confirmatory factor analysis. The CVRF composite consisted of: stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
On Predicting Sociodemographic Traits and Emotions from Communications in Social Networks and Their Implications to Online Self-Disclosure.

Abstract Social media services such as Twitter and Facebook are virtual environments where people express their thoughts, emotions, and opinions and where they reveal themselves to their peers. We analyze a sample of 123,000 Twitter users and 25 million of their tweets to investigate the relation between the opinions and emotions that users express and their predicted psychodemographic traits. We show that the emotions that we express on online social networks reveal deep insights about ourselves. Our methodology is based on building machine learning models for inferring coarse-grained emotions and psychodemographic profiles from user-generated content. We examine several user attributes, including gender, income, political views, age, education, optimism, and life satisfaction. We correlate these predicted demographics with the emotional profiles emanating from user tweets, as captured by Ekman's emotion classification. We find that some users tend to express significantly more joy and significantly less...
Force in the Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament During 2 Simulated Pushup Positions

Purpose To determine the in vitro force between the scaphoid and the lunate supported by the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) during 2 wrist pushup positions. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric wrists were tested in a neutral flexion-extension (knuckle) pushup position and in an extended pushup position. Tensile forces were measured across the scapholunate joint as half body weight axial forces were applied through the radius and ulna. Forces were measured after sectioning the SLIL, after also sectioning the dorsal radiocarpal and dorsal intercarpal ligaments, and then after also sectioning the radioscaphocapitate ligament. Results In the neutral position with the SLIL sectioned, the tensile force across the scapholunate joint was significantly larger in the extended position (45 N) than in the neutral position (25 N). Sectioning additional ligaments did not significantly increase the measured force. Extrapolation of the measured force in wrist extension with application of 1 time body weight suggests a force of 110 N would occur in the SLIL. Conclusions This study demonstrated that, with the SLIL sectioned, with or without the dorsal radiocarpal, dorsal intercarpal, and radioscaphocapitate ligaments sectioned, the tensile force across the scapholunate joint is greater in extension than in the neutral wrist position. Clinical relevance This study helps characterize the forces experienced across the scapholunate articulation when the SLIL is disrupted.
Skill-based differences in the cognitive mechanisms underlying failure under stress

Studies of “choking under pressure” suggest novices choke because attention is distracted away from the primary task. In contrast with the traditional research on stress and performance, where additional resources made available with increasing skill can ameliorate the effects of stress, experts are thought to degrade because stress draws attention to, and disrupts, previously proceduralized performance. Two kinds of dual-tasks, extraneous and skill-focused, were used to examine skill-based differences in attentional demands of a live-fire, handgun shooting task. Expert and novice police officers completed shooting trials under moderate time pressure. Contrary to choking research findings, the performance of experts was not adversely affected by skill-focused attention whereas novices were. This pattern was also reflected in a range of process measures. The results challenge currently accepted explanations of choking under pressure, and suggest that the degree to which expert performance is cognitively me...
Rapid Detection Methods inMicrobiology: Are They Right for Your Office?

Discussion de quelques methodes directes pour diagnostiquer une pharyngite a streptocoques de groupe A, une infection des voies urinaires et les trois plus courantes maladies sexuellement transmissibles: gonorrhee, infection a Chlamydia, infection a virus herpetique. Discussion de l'impact des resultats faussement positifs ou faussement negatifs dans chaque secteur clinique. Insistance sur la praticabilite des tests et sur leurs limites dans diverses populations de malades
Abstract 338: High Quality Medical Care: A Key Component in Access to Vascular Care for Patients with Lower Extremity PAD

Objectives: Prior work has demonstrated that patients at risk for amputation often have limited access to vascular care. We hypothesized that patients at risk for amputation may also have poor access to medical care related to their peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Therefore, we studied the intensity of medical care provided to patients at risk for amputation, and its relationship to access to vascular care. Methods: We identified a cohort of 52,505 Medicare patients at risk for amputation (pre-existing diabetes, PAD, and foot ulceration) who required hospital admission for leg or foot cellulitis. Using the 307 hospital referral regions defined in the Dartmouth Atlas, we determined the proportion of patients that received appropriate, high quality medical care within 1 year (before or after) hospital admission. High-quality medical care was defined as evidence of (1) hemoglobin A1C testing (2) podiatric care, and (3) non-invasive vascular testing. Then, using regression analysis at the regional level, we assessed relationships between the use of high quality of medical care and access to diagnostic or therapeutic lower extremity vascular procedures. Results: Across the United States, only 36% of diabetic patients with PAD and tissue loss received all three components of high quality medical care; 76% received 2 of 3 components. A non-invasive vascular study was absent in 41%. Provision of high-quality medical care varied across regions, from 4% of patients in Mason City, Iowa to 58% of patients in Sun City, Arizona. Regions that provided high quality medical care were significantly more likely to provide vascular care (R=0.30, p<0.001). Across quintiles of medical care quality, those regions most likely to provide high quality medical care were 24% more likely to provide invasive vascular care and revascularization (p<0.001, Figure). Conclusions: Fewer than 4 out of 10 Medicare diabetics with PAD and tissue loss receive high-quality, appropriate medical care. Quality improvement efforts at limiting amputation need to incorporate multidisciplinary strategies and involve primary care providers, as high quality medical care is an important determinant of access to vascular care and limb preservation. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Power, Authority, and Relationships in Instructional Practice

Transnational and/or trans-cultural education takes many forms. Whether it involves taking students abroad, bringing foreign students to our classrooms, or establishing online study programs with students located in areas across the world, ensuring and enhancing instructional practice remains a challenge.
Initiating Events in Immune Complex Injury

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the initiating events in immune complex disease. Evidences accumulated indicate that an active process is involved in the deposition of circulating immune complexes. The data suggest that a complex series of events takes place leading to the deposition of circulating complexes. Increased vascular permeability occurs, brought about most probably by the release of vasoactive agents from their reservoirs, that is, platelets. Platelets probably are most important for disease in glomeruli and arterial intima where mast cells do not exist. In the presence of increased permeability, the large macromolecular immune complexes deposit along a filter membrane. Hydrodynamic forces also play a role in the deposition of circulating complexes. Arterial lesions in acute immune complex disease of rabbits occur most commonly along heart valves, at the entrance of the coronary arteries, and at branches and bifurcations of the aorta. In addition, if a coarctation is induced artificially in the lower aorta, lesions develop around the constricted zone.
Preliminary evaluation of a dual antigen ELISA to distinguish vaccinated from Leptospira infected horses.

Immunogenic proteins of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki (Lk) including Sph1, LigA, Hsp15 and LipL45 (Qlp42) are up-regulated in infected horses but are undetectable or expressed in trace amounts on cultured organisms. In contrast, LipL32 is abundant on cultured Lk and elicits infection antibody responses. The aim of this study was to develop an ELISA based on LipL32 or Lk sonicate and host-induced proteins to differentiate vaccine from infection serum antibody. IgG specific for recombinant Sph1, LigA, Lk90 (LigA; 379–1225 a.a), Hsp15, LipL45 and LipL32 of Lk were assayed in sera of horses infected naturally with Lk and before and after immunisation with serovar Pomona bacterin. Infection but not vaccine sera reacted strongly with Sph1, LigA and Lk90. LipL45 and Hsp15 reacted moderately with infection sera and weakly with vaccine sera. Lk sonicate and LipL32 reacted strongly with both infection and vaccine sera. As expected, culture-based vaccine failed to stimulate antibody to host-induced proteins. Therefore a dual antigen ELISA based on Lk sonicate or LipL32 combined with host-induced Sph1 and Lk90 will be valuable in differentiating infection from vaccine responses.
Bakalar v. Vavra

In Bakalar v. Vavra, heirs of Fritz Grunbaum claimed that after his 1938 arrest in Vienna the Nazis seized his art collection, including a work by Egon Schiele that passed through Switzerland before being purchased by a collector in New York. This chapter examines the adjudication of the case, which proceeded through several rounds at the trial and appellate levels and raised complex choice-of-law problems as well as tangled factual questions.
Organizational Responses: Introduction to Hazard Mitigation Investment Decision Making in Hospitals

California hospitals have had to contemplate a complex web of interdependent decisions around SB 1953. The decisions have involved substantial capital commitments, extensive and not always well known opportunity costs, ongoing internal and external political maneuvering, consideration and reconsideration of decision fit with business strategy, establishing relationships with and evaluating the trustworthiness of architectural and engineering firms, and creativity in designing and implementing solutions that may not have been immediately apparent or appropriate. The decisions have not only been complex; they have had to be made again and again. As time has gone by, different players have joined the ranks of the decision makers and those charged with ensuring compliance with SB 1953 and the required regulations. Moreover, circumstances have regularly changed as amendments have been made to the law, as more information has become available, and as healthcare economics have continued to change. Traditional rational decision-making approaches have been found wanting, as “the problem” and possible solutions have been defined differently, depending on who was looking at them and when. This chapter introduces hazard mitigation investment decision making from the perspective of hospitals affected by SB 1953. Later chapters address the specific factors influencing hospital decision making.
Practice procedures in models of primary care collaboration for children with ADHD.

Introduction With nationwide movement toward an integrated medical home, evidence to support, compare, and specify effective models for collaboration between primary care and behavioral health professionals is essential. This study compared 2 models of primary care with behavioral health integration on American Academy of Pediatrics guideline adherence for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessment and treatment. Method We conducted a retrospective chart review of a random sample of children aged 6-13 years, seen for ADHD services in 2 primary care offices, 1 fully integrated model and 1 co-located service only model, comparing ADHD assessment and treatment practices. We used chi-square analyses and logistic regression modeling to determine differences by type of health care model. Results Among children with ADHD (n = 149), the integrated care model demonstrated higher rates of guideline adherence, more direct contact with schools, and more frequent behavioral observation during clinical encounters. Families in the integrated practice received more caregiver education on ADHD, behavioral management training, and school advocacy, however, these associations did not remain after accounting for variance associated with onsite engagement with a psychologist. Practices were equivalent on use of medication and psychiatric consultation, although, more families in the integrated practice engaged with a psychologist and attended more frequent medication follow-up appointments than those in the co-located practice. Discussion This study is among the first to compare different levels of collaborative care on practice procedures. Understanding how we can best integrate between behavioral health and primary care services will optimize outcomes for children and families. (PsycINFO Database Record
Transplacental transmission of tick-borne Babesia microti in its natural host Peromyscus leucopus

Babesia microti is an emerging tick-borne pathogen and the causative agent of human babesiosis. Mathematical modeling of the reproductive rate of B. microti indicates that it cannot persist in nature by horizontal tick-host transmission alone. We hypothesized that transplacental transmission in the reservoir population contributes to B. microti persistence and emergence in North American rodent populations. Peromyscus leucopus were collected from Connecticut and Block Island, Rhode Island and analyzed using a highly specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for infection with B. microti. In April, 100% (n = 103) of mice were infected with B. microti. Females exhibited significantly higher parasitemia than their offspring (P < 0.0001) and transplacental transmission was observed in 74.2% of embryos (n = 89). Transplacental transmission of B. microti is thus a viable and potentially important infectious pathway in naturally infected rodent species and should be considered in future theoretical and empirical studies. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report transplacental transmission of B. microti occurring in its natural reservoir host, P. leucopus, in the United States and the only study that provides a quantitative estimate of parasitemia. This vector-independent pathway could contribute to the increased geographic range of B. microti or increase its abundance in endemic areas.
Risk Aversion in Human Subjects under Conditions of Probabilistic Reward

This study examined the role of contingencies and experimental context in human decision making. Twelve subjects participated across a series of conditions that provided response alternatives of a small, high-probability reinforcer (non-risky alternative) or a larger, low-probability reinforcer (risky alternative). A range of reinforcer amounts and probabilities were used in a discrete trial design with repeated trials across multiple sessions. The conditions of this study more closely modeled studies with nonhumans responding for food than studies with humans making decisions about hypothetical monetary amounts. Consistent with previous data, subjects displayed a strong preference for the non-risky response alternative, even when doing so resulted in lost earnings. The data support models of decision and risk that emphasize the subjective (rather than mathematically expected) value of reinforcers, and the data highlight the important role of reinforcement contingencies and context in risk-taking behavior.
Community Ergonomics and Globalization: A Conceptual Model of Social Awareness

Community Ergonomics (CE) was developed from two parallel directions. One came from existing theories and principles in Human Factors/Ergonomics and Behavioral Cybernetics which have been applied to assess situations and find solutions at a macroergononic level (SMITH 1966, SMITH & KAO 1971, HENDRICK 1986, CARAYON & SMITH 2000, TAVEIRA & SMITH 2006). The second direction emerged from the careful and thorough documentation of specific case studies of communities, which in turn led to additional principles and theories with more contextual relevance (SMITH, CONWAY & SMITH 1996, SAINFORT & SMITH 1996). Thus far, CE has been applied at the community level and some of these applications have been documented (COHEN & SMITH 1994, SMITH, COHEN, CONWAY & SMITH 1996, SMITH & SMITH 1994, SMITH et al. 2002, CARAYON et al. 2001). This chapter will examine the applicability of CE at the international level, specifically for corporations engaged in international development and trade. This will be done in two steps. First, the transferability and applicability of CE theories, principles and tools from the local community level to the more global international level of analysis will be examined. Then, CE principles (SMITH et al. 2002) will be restated so that they can be applied to the international level of analysis.
Distress screening completion experience: Can a robot get the job done?

e22153Background: Distress screening is an important part of cancer patients’ care. Programs accredited by Commission on Cancer must implement distress screening programs, which can result in impro...
Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Function Is Reduced During HIV Infection.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be related to cardiovascular disease through monocyte activation-associated endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Blood samples from 15 HIV-negative participants (the uninfected group), 8 HIV-positive participants who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) (the infected, untreated group), and 15 HIV-positive participants who were receiving ART (the infected, treated group) underwent flow cytometry of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and monocyte proportions. IncuCyte live cell imaging of 8 capillary proliferative capacity parameters were obtained from cord blood ECFCs treated with participant plasma. RESULTS The ECFC percentage determined by flow cytometry was not different between the study groups; however, values of the majority of capillary proliferative capacity parameters (ie, cell area, network length, network branch points, number of networks, and average tube width uniformity) were significantly lower in infected, untreated participants as compared to values for uninfected participants or infected, treated participants (P < .00625 for all comparisons). CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes and soluble CD163 were significantly and negatively correlated with several plasma-treated, cord blood ECFC proliferative capacity parameters in the combined HIV-positive groups but not in the uninfected group. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood ECFC proliferative capacity was significantly impaired by plasma from infected, untreated patients, compared with plasma from uninfected participants and from infected, treated participants. Several ECFC functional parameters were adversely associated with monocyte activation in the HIV-positive groups, thereby suggesting a mechanism by which HIV-related inflammation may impair vascular reparative potential and consequently increase the risk of cardiovascular disease during HIV infection.
Tanaka’s Final Years—And Beyond

This short concluding chapter covers Tanaka’s final publications from 1970 until his death in 1974. A key point is that two of his major articles during these final years were published in English, reaching a global readership. The chapter then assesses his legacy today, concluding that his globalist jurisprudence, his defense of the Natural Law, and even his Catholic faith—the font of his globalist values—deserve renewed attention particularly since, as a respected Japanese scholar and jurist, Tanaka resists any easy reduction of this globalism to mere expressions of Western culture.
Effect of occupant behavior on peak cooling and dehumidification loads in typical and high-efficiency homes

Abstract Residential building codes and voluntary labeling programs are continually increasing the energy efficiency requirements of residential buildings. Improving a building’s thermal enclosure, installing the ductwork in conditioned space, and improving the building’s airtightness results in significant reductions in externally-driven sensible and latent cooling loads. As a building’s efficiency is improved, occupant-related internal gains become a larger portion of the building sensible and latent loads. Additionally, internal gains are highly uncertain compared to other load components. In this study, we use a stochastic approach to simulate occupant-related internal gains and compare the internal gains to other sensible and latent heat sources in four house efficiency levels in 10 U.S. climates using whole-building energy simulation software. We compare the expected range in occupant-related internal gains to other building characteristics such as cooling set point, air infiltration rate, and mechanical ventilation rate. We show that in high-efficiency homes, sensible internal gains vary from less than 10% to greater than 40% of the building sensible load under peak total cooling conditions depending on climate and internal gain profile. Likewise, latent internal gains vary from less than 10% to more than 60% of the building latent load under peak total cooling and peak dehumidification conditions depending on climate and internal gain profile.
Band contour analyses of the spectra of asymmetric rotor molecules . Part I. Calculation of asymmetric rotor contours; the 3500-Å system of formaldehyde

Abstract The important features of a program for computing the rotational band contours of an asymmetric rotor molecule are described. They are designed to reduce the computation time without seriously reducing the accuracy of the calculations. Instead of calculating all the transitions of a band with the full asymmetric rotor formulation, sufficient transitions over the region of interest are calculated so that interpolation between them does not seriously affect the accuracy. This alone reduces the total computation by up to 80%. A further reduction can be achieved in many cases by limiting the asymmetric rotor part of the calculation to those transitions of the band significantly affected by the asymmetry, the rest being calculated by the much simpler, symmetric rotor formulation. The contour itself is integrated in the computer and printed out in a readily usable form. For a band of a large asymmetric molecule like naphthalene, where some 60 000 transitions are responsible for the observed intensity, the whole process can be accomplished in just over 25 minutes with a medium-fast computer (IBM 7072). For a lighter molecule a band contour can be obtained in only a few minutes with the computer. Contours of two typical bands in the 3500-A system of formaldehyde are given for illustration.
Gender Disparity in Inpatient Mortality After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation in Patients Admitted With Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Nationwide Study.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate inpatient mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation compared with medical management (MM) in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). METHODS Patients with cirrhosis admitted with HRS between 2005 and 2014 were identified using associated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes in the National Inpatient Sample (n = 153,112). Non-TIPS candidates and patients with parenchymal renal disease were excluded (n = 73,454). The remaining admissions were assigned to groups of TIPS (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 39.1; n = 971) or MM (n = 78,687). Inpatient mortality was analyzed by treatment type and patient gender using χ2 tests. Logistic regression was performed to control for baseline differences in patient demographics, comorbid disease, and pretreatment mortality risk. RESULTS Baseline patient demographics were similar. Patients treated medically had higher baseline disease severity (median mortality risk score, 8.3 with MM versus 6.1 with TIPS; P < .01). Inpatient mortality was strongly modified by patient gender. TIPS creation conferred inpatient mortality benefit in men (28% of the MM group versus 10% of the TIPS group, P < .01) independent of all covariates (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.78; P < .01). Women treated with TIPS creation experienced no mortality benefit (29% MM versus 32% TIPS; odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-3.23; P = .23). CONCLUSIONS TIPS creation is associated with reduced inpatient mortality in men, but not women, admitted with HRS. Drivers of this gender-based disparity are currently unclear and warrant focused investigation.
E-017 Impact of the dome of aneurysm orientation in relation to gravity on the outcome after sub-arachnoid hemorrhage: a single center case series

Introduction Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurological emergency that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are multiple factors both modifiable and non-modifiable that contribute to the rupture of an aneurysm. Laboratory experiment has shown that orientation of the dome of aneurysm downwards, parallel to the force of gravity, has a higher risk of thrombosis and rupture because of turbulence.1 Another experiment revealed that red blood cells tend to settle in aneurysms that are oriented downwards.2 This could trigger thrombus formation and eventual rupture. We aim to study the effect of the orientation of dome of the aneurysm on the presenting severity and outcome of the sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of 38 subjects (with a total of 41 saccular aneurysms) who presented with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2012 and 2018 was performed. The information collected for the study included the age of the patient, maximal dimension of aneurysm, orientation of dome of an aneurysm in relation to gravity, Hunt and Hess scale, Fisher scale, modified Rankin scale at discharge, modality of treatment (endovascular coiling or surgical clipping), history of hypertension, history of hyperlipidemia, history of diabetes, history of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication usage prior to hemorrhage, history of smoking and family history of aneurysm. Results 41 Aneurysms in 38 subjects were divided in to two groups based on the orientation of the dome of the aneurysm in relation to gravity. 20 aneurysms (48.78%) were oriented towards the force gravity with dome of the aneurysm in the direction of the force of gravity. There was no statistical difference in the severity of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt and Hess scale, Fisher grading scale) and the outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (modified Rankin Scale for neurologic disability) between the two groups. Conclusion Of the aneurysms that were oriented towards the force of gravity, 19 aneurysms (95%) were present in the anterior circulation. Application of this concept to a larger prospective database that includes both unruptured and ruptured aneurysms may show a statistical significant difference in the outcome. Such studies could serve to identify the orientation of the dome of an aneurysm in relationship to gravity as an important factor in contributing to the rupture of a saccular aneurysm. References Madrazo l,et al. Effect of position with respect to gravitational force on the hydrodynamics of an experimental model of saccular aneurysm. PMID: 2103697 Chodzynski KJ, et al. Does the gravity orientation of saccular aneurysms influence hemodynamics? An experimental study with and without flow diverter stent. PMID: 27810105 Disclosures G. Ramaiah: None. I. Sheikh: None. R. Burgess: None. S. Zaidi: None.
Scalar Poincar\'e Implies Matrix Poincar\'e

We prove that every reversible Markov semigroup which satisfies a Poincare inequality satisfies a matrix-valued Poincare inequality for Hermitian $d\times d$ matrix valued functions, with the same Poincare constant. This generalizes recent results [Aoun et al. 2019, Kathuria 2019] establishing such inequalities for specific semigroups and consequently yields new matrix concentration inequalities. The short proof follows from the spectral theory of Markov semigroup generators.
Creating COVID-19 alternate care site trainings for interprofessional teams.

Purpose To describe the planning and development of alternate care site (ACS) trainings for community COVID care delivery. Methods A timeline of activities by the core training team is presented from the lens of the State of Colorado Emergency Operations, leading to the pilot test of a templated training that was completed during the first week of June 2020. Lessons learned and training topics are described. Conclusion This case study of the Colorado experience developing training for community-based COVID care delivery sites can inform other public health planners creating the same in their locales. And, public access materials from this project may supplement training for both public health and community health nurse educators.
Association between hyperketonemia in early lactation and culling and hyperketonemia in subsequent lactation in Holstein dairy cows

Hyperketonemia (HYK) is an early lactation metabolic disease frequently observed in high-producing dairy cattle and it has been associated with suboptimal reproductive performance, decreased milk yield, increase occurrence of other diseases, and increase in culling. The majority of the reports so far focused on the association of HYK and these outcomes during early lactation, however, the effect of HYK in the whole lactation and following lactations has not been as extensively characterized. Therefore, our primary objective was to evaluate the association of HYK occurring during the first 10 days after calving and culling in Holstein dairy cows throughout an entire lactation. Our secondary objective was to determine the likelihood of the occurrence of HYK in subsequent lactations in Holstein dairy cows.
Incongruency of youth food and physical activity environments in the United States: Variations by region, rurality, and income.

Abstract Local environments are increasingly the focus of health behavior research and practice to reduce gaps between fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity (PA), and related guidelines. This study examined the congruency between youth food and PA environments and differences by region, rurality, and income across the United States. Food and PA environment data were obtained for all U.S. counties (N = 3142) using publicly available, secondary sources. Relationships between the food and PA environment tertiles was represented using five categories: 1) congruent–low (county falls in both the low food and PA tertiles), 2) congruent–high (county falls in both the high food and PA tertiles), 3) incongruent–food high/PA low (county falls in high food and low PA tertiles), 4) incongruent–food low/PA high (county falls in low food and high PA tertiles), and 5) intermediate food or PA (county falls in the intermediate tertile for food and/or PA). Results showed disparities in food and PA environment congruency according to region, rurality, and income (p
A Stat1 bound enhancer promotes Nampt expression and function within tumor associated macrophages

Tumor associated macrophage responses are regulated by distinct metabolic states that affect their function. However, the ability of specific signals in the local tumor microenvironment to program macrophage metabolism remains under investigation. Here, we identify NAMPT, the rate limiting enzyme in NAD salvage synthesis, as a target of STAT1 during cellular activation by interferon gamma, an important driver of macrophage polarization and antitumor responses. We demonstrate that STAT1 occupies a conserved element within the first intron of Nampt, termed Nampt-Regulatory Element-1 (NRE1). Through disruption of NRE1 or pharmacological inhibition, a subset of M1 genes is sensitive to NAMPT activity through its impact on glycolytic processes. scRNAseq is used to profile in vivo responses by NRE1-deficient, tumor-associated leukocytes in melanoma tumors through the creation of a unique mouse strain. Reduced Nampt and inflammatory gene expression are present in specific myeloid and APC populations; moreover, targeted ablation of NRE1 in macrophage lineages results in greater tumor burden. Finally, elevated NAMPT expression correlates with IFNγ responses and melanoma patient survival. This study identifies IFN and STAT1-inducible Nampt as an important factor that shapes the metabolic program and function of tumor associated macrophages. IFNy can polarize macrophages in the tumour microenvironment to an inflammatory state and thereby contributes to their anti-tumour function. Here the authors show an underlying mechanism in this process is IFNy-driven STAT1 occupancy and activation of NRE1, a regulatory region within the NAMPT gene, thereby implicating inducible NAD salvage synthesis in TAM functions.
Spatiotemporal Graph Neural Network for Performance Prediction of Photovoltaic Power Systems

In recent years, a large number of photovoltaic (PV) systems have been added to the electrical grid as well as installed as off-grid systems. The trend suggests that the deployment of PV systems will continue to rise in the future. Thus, accurate forecasting of PV performance is critical for the reliability of PV systems. Due to the complex non-linear variability in power output of the PV systems, forecasting PV power is a non-trivial task. This variability affects the stability and planning of a power system network, and accurate forecasting of the performance of the PV system can reduce the uncertainty caused during PV operation. In this work, we leverage spatial and temporal coherence among the power plants for PV power forecasting. Our approach is motivated by the observation that power plants in a region undergo similar environmental exposure. Thus, one power plant’s performance can help improve the forecast of other power plants' power values in the region. We utilize the relationship between PV plants to build a spatiotemporal graph neural network (st-GNN) and train machine learning models to forecast the PV power. The computational experiments on large-scale data from a network of 316 systems show that spatiotemporal forecasting of PV power performs significantly better than a model that only applies temporal convolution to isolated systems or nodes. Furthermore, the longer the future forecast time, the difference between the spatiotemporal forecasting and the isolated system forecast when only temporal convolution is applied increases further.
Hospitalizations for vaccine-preventable infections among pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients in the first 5 years after transplantation.

Despite recommendations for vaccination after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), immunization rates remain low leaving children at high risk for vaccine preventable infections (VPIs). However, the burden from VPIs in pediatric HCT recipients is not well known. We describe the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of VPI-associated hospitalizations at centers participating in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Children <18 years who underwent allogeneic or autologous-HCT between 1/1/2010-31/12/2018, were identified and prevalence of overall VPI and of each infection were determined at five time-points within 5 years post-HCT. In total, 684 of 9591 pediatric HCT recipients had a VPI-associated hospitalization, most frequently in the first 6-12 months, for an overall prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 6.6-7.7%). Influenza, varicella, and invasive pneumococcal infections were the most frequent. Multivariable analyses identified younger age (OR = 0.96 [95% CI: 0.93-0.99]; p = 0.013), primary immune deficiency (PID) (OR = 1.78 [95% CI: 1.11-2.84]; p = 0.016), and GVHD (OR = 1.62 [95% CI: 1.05-2.48]; p = 0.028) as independent risk factors during the initial HCT-hospitalization. Children with VPI had longer duration of hospitalization (55[51] vs 36[24] days, p < 0.001), higher rates of ICU admission (42 vs 26%, p < 0.001), and mortality (11% [n = 17) vs 6% [n = 519]; p = 0.003). Continued efforts to improve vaccination early post-HCT are warranted.
“You Had to be Reporting Constantly”: COVID-19’s impact on U.S. weekly newspapers’ journalistic routines

This study examines COVID-19’s impact on the journalistic routines of U.S. community newspapers during the pandemic’s early months. Oral history interviews with 22 journalists and state newspaper a...
The Extra-Curricular Program and Leisure-Time Training

(1933). The Extra-Curricular Program and Leisure-Time Training. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 21-42.
Is Dismissing Environmental Caution the Manly thing to Do?: Gender and the Economics of Environmental Protection

Many leading mainstream economists downplay the need for care and caution when advising on environmental issues. This essay discusses how gender metaphors and archetypes—which contemporary research indicate have strong effects on our thinking—contribute to such reckless policymaking. Within discussions of economic analysis and policy, the archetypal figures of The Hero, The Old Wife, The Fool, and the Wise Grandmother are seen to play roles. Achieving a balance of bravery and care in environmental policy would require reexamining and combatting deeply rooted sexist and ageist cultural habits.