cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legal Realism and the Canons’ Revival

In the middle of the twentieth century, legal realist Karl Llewellyn largely persuaded the legal community that the canons of construction are indeterminate, and judges use them to justify reasoning by other means. Toward the end of the twentieth century, however, the canons enjoyed a strong revival, both with the federal judiciary and across a surprisingly broad range of legal academies. This essay offers a hypothesis about the canons’ revival. Llewellyn is justly regarded as a lion of the realist movement, and his critique of the canons is one of the most influential realist works of the last century. But the early success of his critique may, in fact, relate to the declining post-World War II fortunes of legal realism in statutory interpretation theory. In the same period in which he made his critique of the canons, most judges and legal scholars came to the view judges could meaningfully resolve textual ambiguity by consulting the legislature's intent or purpose, to be derived in no small part from legislative history. Conversely, the impact of Llewellyn’s critique of the canons impact began to wane in the 1980s, when influential textualist and pragmatist scholars revived (for quite different reasons) broader realist claims about the inaccessibility and unreliability of legislative intent or purpose as organizing principles in statutory construction. In economists' terms, canons of construction and intent or purpose may be substitutes, rather than complements, in determining statutory meaning. On that view, the canons' revival may simply be the flip side of the growing perception that the early realists were correct in arguing that it is hard to get inside “Congress's mind.” The essay elaborates on this point and then briefly suggests preliminary implications of this conclusion.
A case of primary secretory carcinoma of the thyroid with high‐grade features

We report a case of primary secretory carcinoma of the thyroid with high-grade features to highlight cytologic and histologic clues to the diagnosis. The diagnosis of primary secretory carcinoma of the thyroid is challenging both due to the fact that it has only recently been described and because of its morphologic overlap with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); however, differentiating secretory carcinoma from PTC is crucial both for prognostication and treatment purposes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Assembling Enclosure: Reading Marine Spatial Planning for Alternatives

Research on enclosure has often examined the phenomenon as a process and outcome of state, neoliberal, and hybrid territorial practices with detrimental impacts for those affected. The proliferatio...
The evolution of analytic thought

We argue that the truly unique aspect of human intelligence is not the variety of cognitive skills that are ontogenetically constructed, but rather the capacity to decide when to develop and apply said skills. Even if there is good evidence for g in nonhuman animals, we are left with major questions about how the disposition to think analytically can evolve.
Education on the Business of Plastic Surgery During Training: A Survey of Plastic Surgery Residents.

Entrepreneurial skills are important for physicians, especially plastic surgeons. Nevertheless, these skills are not typically emphasized during residency training. Evaluate the extent of business training at plastic surgery residency programs as well as means of enhancing business training. A 6-question online survey was sent to plastic surgery program directors for distribution to plastic surgery residents. Responses from residents at the PGY2 level and above were included for analysis. Tables were prepared to present survey results. Hundred and sixty-six residents including 147 PGY2 and above residents responded to our survey. Only 43.5% reported inclusion of business training in their plastic surgery residency. A majority of residents reported they do not expect on graduation to be prepared for the business aspects of plastic surgery. Additionally, a majority of residents feel establishment of a formal lecture series on the business of plastic surgery would be beneficial. Results from our survey indicate limited training at plastic surgery programs in necessary business skills. Plastic surgery residency programs should consider incorporating or enhancing elements of business training in their curriculum. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
The Focus of Analysis

To examine how global historical processes were affecting change in a localized region, and how spatial manipulations were integrated into such change, the remaining chapters of this book examine the negotiation of space in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. This chapter serves as an introduction to the area chosen as the focus of that regional analysis by outlining the structure of Jamaican plantation society and the general history of coffee production in the Yallahs River drainage, concentrating specifically on the individual plantations incorporated into this study. The Yallahs River drainage of eastern Jamaica was chosen as the project study area for several reasons. First, because the coffee plantation complex of this region was first established during the period of crisis outlined in earlier chapters, tracing the spatial transformations that occurred in this region allows me to consider how planters were adapting to the climate of crisis that affected Jamaica throughout the first half of the nineteenth century. Second, ample cartographic, documentary, and archaeological records exist to provide sufficient data for such an analysis of the Yallahs region.
A Historical Example of Fatigue Damage

X-ray diffraction methods are a well-established tool today for the assessment of fatigue damage. It is both instructive and fascintating to look back at the work of an early pioneer in this field. F. Regler, Vienna, Austria, reported in the 1930’s his “live” investigations on railroad bridges which had been in heavy use for 80–100 years. X-ray diffraction on positions subjected to unidirectional pulsating loads from passing trains showed very fine grain (continuous, broadened Debye-rings) and orientation, while diffractograms from unloaded members of the same bridges showed the fairly coarse grain of the original construction steel, without orientation. Regler’s interpretation of grain rotation and fragmentation when a load was renewed before complete relaxation from the previous one drew strong criticism from proponents of classical elasticity theory.
A hybrid scenario-based decommissioning forecast for the shallow water U.S. Gulf of Mexico, 2018–2038

Abstract The U.S. Gulf of Mexico is one of the oldest and most prolific offshore hydrocarbon basins in the world, producing over 52 billion barrels oil equivalent, 20.7 billion barrels of oil and 187 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, from 1947 to 2017. In recent years, the shallow water region has witnessed record levels of decommissioning activity due to aging fields, sustained low oil and gas prices, and greater regulatory oversight and scrutiny. It is no longer possible for operators to ‘kick the decommissioning can’ down the road and the result is that production and the number of structures on the shelf has declined significantly and are expected to continue to decrease in the future. The purpose of this paper is to present a model framework to estimate decommissioning activity in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in water depth less than 400 ft (122 m). The problem is challenging because offshore structures are diverse, numerous, and are used in several different ways. Decline curves and cash-flow models represent best practices for producing structures, but for structures without production new approaches are needed. Three decommissioning models are developed using a hybrid scenario and probabilities characterize transitions between classes. From 2017 to 2022, between 474 and 828 structures are expected to be decommissioned in the shallow water Gulf of Mexico, and by 2027, between 704 and 1199 structures are expected to be decommissioned.
Event Detection From PMU Generated Big Data using R Programming

Recent advancement in Power System Analysis shows that implementation of PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) in Smart Grid playing a significant role over SCADA. The main reasoning for that is more sampling data than traditional SCADA system. Every PMU data like voltage, current and Phase angle gives more samples in every second which is helpful for event detection. The enormous data send by each PMU in every second energies the big data issue. To find out and predict the transient situation and even small disturbances or anomalies from big data analysis within the specified short period of time is a challenge for near future. Because introduction of new smart electrical devices will boost up the big data issue. Processing of big data for post disturbance analysis is also an important task. This paper gives a scenario of PMU measurements received to PDC (Phasor Data Concentrator) from PMUs placed in distinct locations and detection of transient events for post disturbance analysis. In this analysis, the disturbances are evaluated with the R programming analysis and compare findings of chronological data from separate locations and also shows the relation between disturbances in a grid. For this analysis, the impacts of frequency and voltage data are also considered
Redox Control and Sequence Specificity of a Thylakoid Protein Kinase

Protein phosphorylation is an important feature of the chlorqplasts of green plants. Phosphqproteins have been reported in the thylakoid membranes, the stroma, the ribosomes, the inner and outer envelope membranes, and in the space between the envelopes (1–6). The most conspicuous phosphqproteins of the chlorqpolast are canponents of the thylakoid membranes, where they are associated principally with photosystem II (PS II). Among these phosphqproteins are two reaction centre proteins Dl and D2 (32 and 34 kDa), together with two additional PS II core proteins (the 43 kDa apo-protein of chlorophyll-protein complex CPa-2 and the 8 kDa psbH gene product). The phosphorylation sites of these four proteins have been sequenced: that of the psbH protein by Edman degradation (7) and those of D1, D2 and CPa-2 by tandem mass spectrometry (8). However, the major phosphoproteins of the chlorqplast are the peripheral antenna proteins of PS II, namely, the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins II (LHC II, 25–28 kDa). Reversible phosphorylation of LHC II is believed to regulate the distribution of excitation energy between PS I and PS II (9).
Experimental observation of valley-Hall edge states in elastic waveguides based on diatomic-graphene-like phononic crystals

Inspired by recent discoveries of topological phases of matter in quantum physics, there has been a rapidly growing research effort in creating their analogs in other classical wave systems, including acoustics. Achieving robust wave transmission even in the presence of disorder and defects could have a profound impact on many practical applications and devices. In this study, we report on the design and experimental validation of a fully continuous and load-bearing phononic structural waveguide capable of one-directional guided modes along the walls of topologically distinct domains. The lattice structure of the waveguide is inspired by diatomic graphene which allows realizing an elastodynamic analog of the quantum valley Hall effect (QVHE). Despite the fact that individual bulk properties are topologically trivial (i.e., associated with a zero Chern number), the dynamic behavior acquires topological significance in the neighborhood of the high symmetry points in momentum space; the so-called valleys. Our theoretical and experimental results confirm the existence of protected edge states traveling along the walls of domains having broken space inversion symmetry.
Nothing More or Less than Logic: General Logic, Transcendental Philosophy, and Kant's Repudiation of Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre

In this paper I lay the foundations for an understanding of one of Fichte's most neglected and least understood texts: the late lecture course on Transcendental Logic. I situate this work in the context of Fichte's lifelong struggle with the problem of understanding the relation between logic and philosophy – a problem that I show to figure centrally both in Fichte's own revolutionary thinking and in his response to Kant's notorious denunciation of the Wissenschaftslehre. By attending to this context we can understand Fichte's philosophical ambitions in the late lectures: a critique of particular doctrines of general logic; a critique of the conception of thought presupposed both by the traditional logic and by Kant himself; and a new conception of the relation between logic and the philosophical theory of experience.
Fetishizing Captain America’s sidearm: iconography, exceptionality, and the politics of representing guns

In 2007, Captain America, or Cap to his peers, died outside the courthouse where he would answer for leading a band of superheroes against the government’s Superhuman Registration Act in a plot line Fox and Friends took issue with, condemning Marvel Comics for killing Cap “while we’re at war,” referring to President George W. Bush’s war on terror. In 2008, former sidekick Bucky took up the Cap banner. Legacy characters are common in comics, but fans noted an unexpected addition to the costume: a handgun. Cap’s shield, a symbol of defense, now had an offensive accent. News media outlets lauded the new gun as a “sign of the times,” as Rolling Stone said, considering it a critique on the post-9/11 cultural landscape, but fan communities felt uneasy about the decision. The gun’s presence on Bucky Cap’s belt marks a continuous period of exceptionality, the kind Giorgio Agamben warns against in State of Exception. When Bucky’s predecessor would return to the role of Captain America, the sidearm would no longer remain, but the character would confront issues related to guns, and media and fans would once again respond. Even though Cap only encounters guns a few times during the 2010s, reception to these moments is more significant than that of characters who regularly use lethal weapons. Fetishistic emphasis on Captain America’s gun exposes the state of exception inherent in all superhero media, prompting a digital discourse across professional and amateur platforms on gun-related subjects. This project analyzes how superhero media portray gun use and the subsequent reception from both news media and digital fandom. A sampling of comics, television series, and films are textually analyzed, along with digital news media and online fan forums pertaining to those examples.
Quantifying lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium in vivo by visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal imaging

Lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the major source of fundus autofluorescence (FAF). A technical challenge to accurately quantify the FAF intensities, thus the lipofuscin concentration, is to compensate the light attenuation of RPE melanin. We developed the VIS-OCT-FAF technology to accomplish optical coherence tomography (OCT) and FAF simultaneously with a single broadband visible light source. We demonstrated that light attenuation by RPE melanin can be assessed and corrected using the depth-resolved OCT signals. FAF images from albino and pigmented rats showed that without compensation, FAF signals from pigmented rats are lower than that from albinos. After compensation, however, FAF signals from pigmented rats are higher. This finding is supported by measurements of lipofuscin fluorophore A2E in the RPE using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) showing that compensated FAF intensities correlate linearly with A2E contents. The present work represents an important step toward accurately assessing RPE lipofuscin concentrations by FAF.
Zen and Material Culture: Pamela D. Winfield, and Steven Heine, eds. 2017. New York: Oxford University Press. 352 pp., ISBN 978-0-190-46930-6

I found this collection of essays surprising in some of what they do and how they do it. I was expecting chapters describing and analyzing such classical instructions as found in Dōgen’s “Merit of ...
Establishing Institutions under International Administration: The Case of Kosovo

The international community, led by the United Nations, created Kosovo’s new post-war institutions and continues to influence them, even after Kosovo declared independence in 2008. One of the very first priorities of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was to establish the rule of law and to develop institutions and legal frameworks for a normally functioning economy. However, after almost two decades of internationally led institution-building, Kosovo is still, measured by European standards, a poor country with weak institutions. This paper shows that the creation of institutions does not follow a rational decision-making model, even when, like in Kosovo, institutions are created under direct international involvement and with the intention to develop the rule of law and facilitate economic development. The garbage can model approach to governance and decision-making provides a better explanation of the formation of governance institutions and why institutions, despite perhaps the best intentions, do not produce the desired results; failing to solve the underlying policy problems. The case studies on the privatisation of socially owned property and the development of contract law show that, in the case ofKosovo, adopting the best international and European standards almost always meant adopting a decontextualised solution promoted by an international actor. It did not really matter if that solution indeed solved the problem. In fact, in most cases the problem remained, with new problems being created becauseof the inadequacy of the imported ready-made solution. The conclusion is that sometimes less international assistance is more. In the absence of so much international financial and technical assistance, Kosovar leadership would have been required to assume more ownership of the policy-making for solving theirproblems. Less international assistance would also have meant less competition between international actors and less pressure to adopt ready-made decontextualised solutions.
Safety of Releasing the Volar Capsule During Open Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: An Analysis of the Extrinsic Radiocarpal Ligaments' Contribution to Radiocarpal Stability.

Purpose The contribution of the extrinsic radiocarpal ligaments to carpal stability continues to be studied. Clinically, there is a concern for carpal instability from release of the volar extrinsic ligaments during volar plating of distal radius fractures in which the integrity of the dorsal ligaments may be unknown. The primary hypothesis of this study was that serial sectioning of radiocarpal ligaments would lead to progressive ulnar translation of the carpus. Methods We studied the stabilizing roles of the radioscaphocapitate (RSC), short radiolunate (SRL), long radiolunate (LRL), and dorsal radiocarpal (DRC) ligaments. We sequentially sectioned these ligaments in 2 groups of 5 matched pairs and measured the motion of the scaphoid and lunate with the wrist in passive neutral alignment, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, and simulated grip. Displacement of the lunate in the radioulnar plane was used as a surrogate for carpal translation. The groups differed only by the order in which the ligaments were sectioned. Results In the intact state, the lunate translated ulnarly during simulated grip and radial deviation, whereas radial translation, relative to its position under resting tension, was observed during ulnar deviation. With serial sectioning, the lunate displayed increased ulnar translation in all wrist positions for both groups 1 and 2. The magnitude of ulnar translation exceeded 1 mm after sectioning the LRL plus RSC along with either the DRC or the SRL. Conclusions Sectioning of either the DRC or SRL ligaments along with release of the RSC and LRL ligaments leads to notable although minimal ( Clinical relevance Isolated sectioning of individual radiocarpal ligaments, such as for visualization of the articular surface of the distal radius, leads to minimal ulnar translation. Because prior clinical work found no clinical complications after volar capsule release, it is posited that translation less than 2 mm creates subclinical changes in carpal mechanics.
Coordinate indexing: On the use of Eulerian and Lagrangian Laplace stretches

Abstract Eulerian and Lagrangian measures for Laplace stretch are established, along with a strategy to ensure that these measures are indifferent to observer. At issue is a need to accommodate two invariant properties that arise as a byproduct of the Gram–Schmidt factorization procedure, which is used in the construction of these stretch tensors. Specifically, a Gram–Schmidt factorization of the deformation gradient implies that the 1 coordinate direction and the normal to the 12 coordinate plane remain invariant under transformations of Laplace stretch. The strategy proposed, which addresses these mathematical consequences, is that the selected 1 coordinate direction has minimal transverse shear, and that its adjoining 12 coordinate plane has minimal in-plane shear. From this foundation, a framework is built for the construction of constitutive equations that can use either the Eulerian or Lagrangian Laplace stretch as its primary kinematic variable.
On Time Series Analysis of Public Health and Biomedical Data

This paper gives an overview of time series ideas and methods used in public health and biomedical research. A time series is a sequence of observations made over time. Examples in public health include daily ozone concentrations, weekly admissions to an emergency department, or annual expenditures on health care in the United States. Time series models are most commonly used in regression analysis to describe the dependence of the response at each time on predictor variables including covariates and possibly previous values in the series. For example, Bell et al. (2) use time series methods to regress daily mortality in U.S. cities on concentrations of particulate air pollution. Time series methods are necessary to make valid inferences from data by accounting for the correlation among repeated responses over time.
Menger curve as inverse limit

Abstract We show that the Menger curve can be represented as a set-valued inverse limit of intervals [ 0 , 1 ] with a single bonding function. The graph of the function is homeomorphic to the Sierpinski carpet. This answers a question by M. Hiraki and H. Kato.
Audit Firm Tenure and Nonprofessional Investors' Perceptions of Entitativity and Independence Impairment: The Mitigating Effect of Partner Rotation Disclosure

In 2017 the PCAOB began requiring audit firm tenure disclosure within the audit report for SEC registrant clients. Many commenters raised concern that prominent disclosure of firm tenure in the audit report will lead investors to inappropriately infer a negative relationship between audit quality and long firm tenure. This is particularly troubling given that empirical evidence generally does not support this concern. Using psychology research on entitativity (a cognitive process through which individuals attribute varying degrees of interconnectedness among others), we predict and find disclosing an audit firm’s long tenure within the audit report increases investors’ perceptions of entitativity between the audit firm and client, and thus reduces investors’ beliefs that the auditor was independent while conducting the audit. We also identify a treatment to mitigate the effects of reporting long firm tenure—disclosure of a firm’s adherence to the SEC’s mandatory partner rotation requirement. Specifically, partner rotation disclosure moderates the mediation of firm tenure on investors’ judgments such that the indirect effect through entitativity operates only when partner rotation is not disclosed in the auditor’s report. Our results should be useful to regulators in understanding one effect of their standard, and to audit firms because of their autonomy over adding engagement partner rotation protocols to their audit reports and potentially mitigating the effect of firm tenure disclosure.
A comparison of forecasting performance and systematic risk across different political environments

In this study, we investigate whether: 1) there is a substantial difference in out-of-sample predictability US stock market returns under different political environments (and why the difference may occur); 2) whether an ICAPM risk factor is more prevalent under these environments. Traditional predictors, typically found to perform poorly compared to the historical average of market returns, work quite well under certain political environments. We find evidence that returns are more forecastable and exhibit more autocorrelation when the president is a republican or in his second-term, with the best forecasting performance occurring when the president is a second-term republican. We then examine the results from an ICAPM perspective: if returns are more predictable and exhibit more autocorrelation, then a shock to current market returns will have a larger impact on future investment opportunities, resulting in additional risk. We show that systematic risk is indeed higher under these environments.
Students of the Game: The Growth of Individuals with Advanced Degrees in NHL Front Offices and Their Affect on Team Success

The number of individuals with advanced degrees employed by NHL front offices has grown since the inception of the 2013-14 collective bargaining agreement. Gone are the days of NHL front offices filled with former players or those with a background in the sport; personnel who may lack sports backgrounds can make major impacts on team performance and on-ice success. This study analyzes the characteristics and backgrounds of individuals with advanced degrees employed by NHL front offices and their affect on team success. The study collected data of team personnel from official NHL team media guides and categorized the data to quantify and analyze whether employing these individuals benefitted the team’s on-ice product. The study found that certain degrees correlate with an improvement of team success while other factors correlate with an impairment of team success.
Amplitude-Modulating Switching Feedback for Position Control of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators

In this paper we discuss a novel shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator for minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS). Initial characterizations of this actuator reveal that it is well-suited for MIRS, capable of generating relatively large forces (up to 500 mN) over substantial distances (up to 500mum). We focus our attention on the position control of two actuators in an antagonistic configuration. In particular, we report our developments toward a switching control architecture that minimizes energy consumption and heating of the actuators, in an attempt to extend their useful life. A variable switching control architecture drives a pair of SMA actuators, alternately turning "on" one actuator based on the sign of the position error signal. While such control is robust to model and environment uncertainties, large current amplitudes may increase temperatures excessively and result in limit cycle behavior. To counter these effects, the amplitudes are modulated over distinct error regions. The resulting amplitude-modulating switching control algorithm allows for smooth and robust position control without knowledge of underlying models of the SMA actuator
Molecular Cloning of cDNAs for Two Pro-Phenol Oxidase Subunits from the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae.

Phenol oxidase exists in insect hemolymph as a zymogen, pro-phenol oxidase (pro-PO), which is activated by specific proteolysis in response to infection or wounding. Phenol oxidase catalyses the synthesis of quinones that polymerize to form melanin deposits, which encapsulate parasites and help to seal wounds. Antibodies to pro-PO from Manduca sexta bound to 76, 72, and 71 kDa polypeptide bands from hemolymph of Anopheles gambiae larvae. This antiserum was used to screen a cDNA library from A. gambiae fourth-instar larvae. Full-length clones were isolated for two different pro-POs, designated A. gambiae proPO-p1 and proPO-p2, which are 67% identical in nucleotide sequence and 66% identical in deduced amino acid sequence. The A. gambiae pro-PO sequences are more similar to pro-PO from Drosophila melanogaster than to lepidopteran or crustacean pro-PO sequences in the GenBank database. Like the other arthropod pro-POs, the A. gambiae pro-PO sequences lack a signal peptide and have two conserved regions predicted to bind two copper atoms in the active site of the enzyme. The availability of these pro-PO cDNAs should be useful in examining the biochemical differences between A. gambiae strains that are refractory or susceptible to Plasmodium infection, and differ in their ability to encapsulate the parasites.
Using force sensitive resistors to evaluate hand tool grip design

The pressure distribution of the hand is an important element in evaluating hand tool grip. For measuring the pressure distributions of the hand, a portable sensor glove was developed using force s...
The G alpha z gene product in human erythrocytes. Identification as a 41-kilodalton protein.

Abstract A cDNA encoding a previously unknown G protein alpha-subunit lacking the site for pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation was recently cloned and its putative protein product named Gz (Fong, H. K. W., Yoshimoto, K. K., Eversole-Cire, P., and Simon, M. I. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85, 3066-3070) or Gx (Matsuoka, M., Itoh, H. Kozasa, T., and Kaziro, Y. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85, 5384-5388). A synthetic peptide corresponding to the deduced carboxyl-terminal decapeptide of this putative protein (alpha z) has been synthesized and used to prepare a polyclonal rabbit antiserum directed against the protein. The specificity and cross-reactivity of this antiserum was assessed using bacterially expressed recombinant G protein alpha-subunit fusion proteins (r alpha). The crude antiserum strongly recognizes r alpha z in immunoblots. Pretreatment of antiserum with antigen peptide greatly reduces the interaction of the antiserum with r alpha z. Affinity purified antiserum strongly recognizes expressed r alpha z, does not recognize r alpha s1, r alpha s1, r alpha o, or r alpha i3, and very weakly interacts with r alpha i1 and r alpha i2. In contrast, the alpha-subunits of purified bovine brain Gi1 and human erythrocyte Gi2 and Gi3 did not react with the alpha z-antiserum. Partially purified mixtures of human erythrocyte G proteins contain a 41-kDa protein that reacts specifically in immunoblots with both crude and affinity purified alpha z-specific antiserum. Quantitative immunoblotting using r alpha z as a standard indicates that there is 60-100 ng of alpha z/micrograms of 40/41-kDa alpha-subunit protein in partially purified human erythrocyte G protein preparations. We conclude that we have identified the alpha z gene product as a 41-kDa trace protein in human erythrocytes.
Safe flocking in spite of actuator faults

The safe flocking problem requires a collection of N mobile agents to (a) converge to and maintain an equi-spaced lattice formation, (b) arrive at a destination, and (c) always maintain a minimum safe separation. Safe flocking in Euclidean spaces is a well-studied and difficult coordination problem. Motivated by real-world deployment of multi-agent systems, this paper studies onedimensional safe flocking, where agents are afflicted by actuator faults. An actuator fault is a new type of failure that causes an affected agent to be stuck moving with an arbitrary velocity. In this setting, first, a self-stabilizing solution for the problem is presented. This relies on a failure detector for actuator faults. Next, it is shown that certain actuator faults cannot be detected, while others may require O(N) time for detection. Finally, a simple failure detector that achieves the latter bound is presented. Several simulation results are presented for illustrating the effects of failures on the progress towards flocking.
Towards Semi-Automated Annotation for Prepositional Phrase Attachment

This paper investigates whether high-quality annotations for tasks involving semantic disambiguation can be obtained without a major investment in time or expense. We examine the use of untrained human volunteers from Amazons Mechanical Turk in disambiguating prepositional phrase (PP) attachment over sentences drawn from the Wall Street Journal corpus. Our goal is to compare the performance of these crowdsourced judgments to the annotations supplied by trained linguists for the Penn Treebank project in order to indicate the viability of this approach for annotation projects that involve contextual disambiguation. The results of our experiments on a sample of the Wall Street Journal corpus show that invoking majority agreement between multiple human workers can yield PP attachments with fairly high precision. This confirms that a crowdsourcing approach to syntactic annotation holds promise for the generation of training corpora in new domains and genres where high-quality annotations are not available and difficult to obtain.
Credibility, Agency, and the Interaction Order

There are two ways of reading Goffman—as a theorist of trust and ritual accommodation, that is, as a theorist of the interaction order, or as a theorist of deception. I suggest a way of making these two readings compatible, by arguing that Goffman was interested in what I call the “production of credibility.” Credibility is the quality of being believable, and this quality is integral to both trust and deception. Viewed in this way, Goffman explored the ways in which people make their actions convincing to other people. Although Goffman's analysis of the interaction order did not need a theory of the self, his work actually contains two quite different theories of the self: one linked to role analysis, one to his analysis of mental illness. I argue for the latter at the expense of the former. I conclude that Goffman both initiated substantive work about the interaction order and contributed to a synthesis of a theory of the interaction order and a theory of the self.
A completely singular harmonic measure for a nondivergence form elliptic operator with a drift

On considere un operateur elliptique dans le demi-plan superieur. On demontre l'existence d'un operateur elliptique a coefficients continus jusqu'a la frontiere dont la mesure L-harmonique associee est completement singuliere par rapport a la mesure de Lebesgue
Partial least squares estimator for single‐index models

The partial least squares (PLS) approach first constructs new explanatory variables, known as factors (or components), which are linear combinations of available predictor variables. A small subset of these factors is then chosen and retained for prediction. We study the performance of PLS in estimating single-index models, especially when the predictor variables exhibit high collinearity. We show that PLS estimates are consistent up to a constant of proportionality. We present three simulation studies that compare the performance of PLS in estimating single-index models with that of sliced inverse regression (SIR). In the first two studies, we find that PLS performs better than SIR when collinearity exists. In the third study, we learn that PLS performs well even when there are multiple dependent variables, the link function is non-linear and the shape of the functional form is not known.
Formation and magnetic properties of nanocomposite Fe-Al2O3 using high-energy ball milling

Abstract Granular metal solids have been prepared by high energy ball milling of Fe and Al 2 O 3 , a method capable of producing large quantities of granular materials. Upon ball milling times of 50 h, grain sizes on the order of 100 A have been obtained. The variation of the magnetic properties with volume fraction and grain size has been studied. Coercivities as large as 600 Oe (at 5 K) and 230 Oe (at 300 K) have been obtained.
SS2. Staged Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms (TAA) Protects Against Spinal Cord injury

Author Disclosures: J. Freischlag: Nothing to disclose; T. Kyriakides: VA Cooperate Studies Program, research grants; B. K. Lal: National Institutes of Health (NIH), research grants; VA, research grants; F. A. Lederle: Nothing to disclose; Z. Li: Nothing to disclose; J. Matsumura: Abbott, Cook, Covidien, Endologix, and Gore, research grants; NIH, research grants; W. Zhou: LifeCell, and SilkRoad Medical, consulting fees or other remuneration (payment); NIH and VA Merit, research grants.
A comparison of the specific activities of linoleate and arachidonate in liver, heart and kidney phospholipids after feeding rats ethyl linoleate-9,10,12,13-d4.

Abstract In order to determine how dietary linoleate is metabolized, rats were maintained on a chemically defined diet containing 1.6% ethyl linoleate. After 5 weeks the linoleate was replaced by an equal amount of ethyl 9,10,12,13- d 4 -linoleate. The animals were killed 3 days later and the molar percentage of d 4 -linoleate and d 4 -arachidonate were quantified in liver, heart and kidne phospholipids. In liver, 54 and 22.8 mol% respectively of the esterified linoleate and arachidonate was deuteriated. The lower specific activity of arachidonate versus linoleate suggests that desaturation of linoleate, by a 6-desaturase, is not only rate limiting for synthesis of arachidonate but that the amount of newly synthesized arachidonate is insufficient by itself to maintain steady state levels of esterified arachidonate. The molar fraction of deuteriated linoleate in heart and kidney phospholipids was respectively 35 and 37.4%. These values are lower than for liver phospholipids but it appears there is adequate dietary linoleate available in these tissues for the synthesis of arachidonate. However, of the esterified arachidonate in heart and kidney phospholipids only 4.2 and 8.6 mol% respectively was deuteriated. Our results suggest that arachidonate is made in liver and transported to heart and kidney.
Multiple enzyme defects in familial hyperlysinemia

Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (EC. 1.5.1.8) deficiency in skin fibroblasts has been previously reported in patients with familial hyperlysinemia, providing an adequate explanation for the biochemical derangements noted clinically. In the present study, analysis of liver obtained at autopsy from a patient with familial hyperlysinemia confirmed the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase deficiency but, unexpectedly, also revealed an absence of saccharopine dehydrogenase (EC. 1.5.1.9) and saccharopine oxidoreductase activity. Skin fibroblasts from two siblings with the disease and a third patient from an unrelated family were also deficient in all three enzymes (lysine-ketoglutarate reductase, average 9%; saccharopine dehydrogenase, average 4%; saccharopine oxidoreductase, less than 10% of normal). The possibility that saccharopine dehydrogenase is a substrate-inducible enzyme was investigated by maintaining normal skin fibroblasts in a medium with minimal lysine concentration, and exposing hyperlysinemic fibroblasts to elevated saccharopine concentrations. There was no significant modification in saccharopine dehydrogenase activity.
Letter to the Editor: The proposed 2/11 symptom algorithm for DSM-5 substance-use disorders is too lenient

Substance-use disorder (SUD) diagnoses are critically important for research and clinical practice. Unlike the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), the draft diagnostic criteria for SUDs in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) define a single SUD for various substance classes - such as ‘alcohol-use disorder’ (AUD)- based upon 11 symptoms. This criterion set is composed of all seven DSMIV substance dependence symptoms, three of the four DSM-IV substance-abuse symptoms (all but legal problems) and a craving symptom. AUD and other SUDs would be diagnosed if a person has at least 2/11 cooccurring symptoms. The 2/11 threshold was chosen, in large part, to emulate rates of any DSM-IV SUD (abuse plus dependence) (http://www.DSM5.org). We believe that the 2/11 algorithm is too lenient and creates serious multiple problems. The proposed algorithm would diagnose many whose substance involvement has questionable clinical significance, leading SUD diagnosis away from mainstream neuro-behavioral theory regarding what constitutes a mental ‘disorder’ and ‘addiction’. Further, the algorithm allows so much heterogeneity that the clinical and research utility of the diagnostic category would be greatly compromised. We illustrate these points with past-year AUD symptom data from 29993 lifetime drinkers aged 21 years and above, from wave 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol Use and Related Conditions (NESARC; Grant et al. 2003) (analytic details available upon request). Unlike wave 1, wave 2 had a craving item allowing us to study proposed DSM-5 diagnoses with respect to AUD prevalence, severity and heterogeneity.
A Study of Transistor Optimization in A 0.25 Micron CMOS Flow Using S/D and Silicide Process Modules and Their Interactions

A modular approach to CMOS process development requires an understanding of individual process modules (channel, gate, etc.) and their interactions. The reverse short channel effect, (RSCE) in NMOS devices is one such interaction between the channel and source/drain (S/D) modules. Similarly the interaction between the S/D and silicide modules affects the contact and gate sheet resistance. This paper presents (a) an investigation of the effects of S/D processing (As and P implant conditions) on the RSCE, (b) effects of S/D and silicide processing on the contact and gate sheet resistance, (c) the use of an integrated system to optimize process modules and their interactions and (d) the validity of the modules and system in process development by obtaining a 4% improvement in drive current of a 0.25 micron NMOS device. The outputs of the S/D module include the doping profiles as a function of implant and anneal conditions. The interaction between the channel and S/D is caused by the damage created during the S/D implants, leading to channel dopant redistribution during subsequent thermal anneals. This interaction causes the RSCE in NMOS devices and has to be taken into account before the modules can be used for process optimization. The interaction is studied by varying the dose and energy of the As and P S/D implants and observing their effect of the RSCE. Further, to model this interaction, parameters of a 2D dopant profile model are extracted from device data and form a part of the S/D module in addition to the doping profile information. The system integrates the outputs from the process modules and their interactions and allows for a rapid search of the process space. The search criteria can be varied to include performance (e.g. drive and off current) and manufacturability criteria.
The modification of surface reactivity by sulfur; Effects on dehydrogenation of ethanolamine, ethylene glycol, and acetaldehyde on Ni(100)

Abstract The effect of adsorbed sulfur on the reactivity of Ni(100) toward the polyfunctional alcohols, NH2CH2CH2OH and HOCH2CH2OH and toward CH3CHO was studied. In the case of the alcohols complete dehydrogenation was observed. Ethanolamine decomposed to H2, CO, N2 and adsorbed carbon atoms for sulfur coverages up to 0.25 monolayer. Ethylene glycol decomposed to CO and H2. The amount of product formed decreased to zero at 0.25 monolayer sulfur. Selective dehydrogenation to the aldehydes, observed previously for methanol and ethanol above 0.25 monolayer sulfur, was not observed. On clean Ni(100) acetaldehyde decomposition yielded CO, CH4 and H2. An acetaldehyde peak was observed which reflected a strongly adsorbed species, possibly acetyl, CH3CO. With the formation of a p(2 × 2)S structure, a ring compound was formed from acetaldehyde.
Internal structure of bosons in a composite model of particles

The internal wave functions of gluons, horizontal bosons, weak bosons, the photon, and the Higgs boson are determined within the framework of a composite model of leptons and quarks. Some characteristic properties of the composite model are pointed out.
Bayesian smoothing spline analysis of variance

Smoothing spline ANOVA (SSANOVA) provides an approach to semiparametric function estimation based on an ANOVA type of decomposition. Wahba et al. (1995) decomposed the regression function based on a tensor sum decomposition of inner product spaces into orthogonal subspaces, so the effects of the estimated functions from each subspace can be viewed independently. Recent research related to smoothing spline ANOVA focuses on either frequentist approaches or a Bayesian framework for variable selection and prediction. In our approach, we seek ''objective'' priors especially suited to estimation. The prior for linear terms including level effects is a variant of the Zellner-Siow prior (Zellner and Siow, 1980), and the prior for a smooth effect is specified in terms of effective degrees of freedom. We study this fully Bayesian SSANOVA model for Gaussian response variables, and the method is illustrated with a real data set.
Synthesis and X-ray Structures of Zinc and Cadmium Pyridinecarboxylate Coordination Networks

New zinc(II) and cadmium(II) coordination polymers with 3-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzoato (L) bridging ligands have been synthesized by treating the metal salts and 3-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzonitrile under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions. [Zn(L)2]·(pyridine), 1, adopts a 1D polymeric structure built from mutually perpendicular 22-membered macrocycles. Large open channels formed in 1 are filled with included pyridine guest molecules. Both [Cd2(L)3(NO3)], 2, and [Cd4(L)6(ClO4)2(MeOH)2]·(H2O), 3, adopt complicated 2D polymeric structures that are built from carboxylate-bridged tetracadmium and dicadmium building units, respectively. Crystal data for 1: triclinic space group P1, a = 8.601(1), b = 12.364(1), c = 14.224(1) A, α = 72.687(1), β = 88.118(1), γ = 71.679(1)°, Z = 2. Crystal data for 2: triclinic space group P1, a = 10.675(1), b = 12.671(1), c = 14.838(1) A, α = 74.772(1), β = 88.283(1), γ = 73.671(1)°, Z = 2. Crystal data for 3: monoclinic space group P21, a = 13.165(3), b = 20.119(9), c = 15.4...