cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volcanic Plugs in the Connecticut Valley Triassic Near Mt. Tom, Massachusetts

A number of basaltic volcanic plugs are well exposed on the east flank of the Mt. Tom Range near Holyoke, Massachusetts. Flows, breccias, tuffs, sills, and dikes are associated with these centers and are partially interbedded with the Longmeadow Sandstone (Triassic) about 200 feet above the massive Holyoke basalt sheet. The thickness, areal coverage, and direction of movement of five flows associated with the Mt. Tom plug have been mapped. Individual flows from this volcanic center are of two types: those containing 65 to 75 percent chlorophaeite, and those having felty texture with negligible original “glass.” Direction of movement of the flows was determined by plotting the preferred orientation of the (010) plane of feldspars. The complete geologic history of the Mt. Tom plug is presented in a series of sequential maps and sections.
The impact of Japanese knotweed on stream baseflow

The impact of invasive plants on stream baseflow has mostly focused on water-limited areas such as South Africa and the southwestern region of the United States. However, there is evidence suggesting that rivers in areas traditionally considered to be water-rich (e.g. the northeastern United States) will be facing water shortages in the foreseeable future. Consequently, it is imperative to understand what impact invasive plants in this region may have on river baseflows. In early June 2008, pressure sensors to monitor stream depth were placed upstream and within a stretch of river containing Japanese knotweed on the bank. Knotweed daily photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration patterns were recorded during the course of two day-long periods at the end of July, 2008. At the beginning of August 2008, all of the knotweed plants in the study area were cut at the base and their leaves were harvested to determine total leaf area for the site. Pre-harvest stream water levels were found to be significantly lower than post-harvest stream levels within the stretch containing knotweed. In contrast, in the upstream location, baseflows decreased between pre-harvest and post-harvest. Furthermore, on the basis of the physiological measurements and total leaf area, it was estimated that the plants in the study area removed through transpiration about 1556 l or 10.4 mm of groundwater per day from the system. These findings suggest that the presence of knotweed within riparian habitats may have even more deleterious effects on water resources than previously considered and merit future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Photosynthesis-Based Dry Deposition Modeling Approach

We present a dry deposition modeling approach that includes vegetation-atmosphere interactions through photosynthesis/carbon assimilation relationships. Gas deposition velocity (Vd) is calculated using an electrical resistance-analog approach in a coupled soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) model. For this, a photosynthesis-based surface evapotranspiration and gas exchange model is dynamically coupled to an atmospheric model with prognostic soil hydrology and surface energy balance. The effective surface resistance (composed of aerodynamic, boundary layer, and canopy-based resistances) is calculated for a realistic and fully interactive estimation of gaseous deposition velocity over natural surfaces. Based on this coupled framework, the photosynthesis- based gas deposition approach is evaluated using observed deposition velocity estimates for ozone over a soybean field (C3 photosynthesis pathway) and a corn field (C4 photosynthesis pathway). Overall, observed Vd and modeled Vd show good qualitative and quantitative agreement. Results suggest that photosynthesis-based physiological approaches can be adopted to efficiently develop deposition velocity estimates over natural surfaces. Such a physiological approach can also be used for generalizing results from field measurements and for investigating the controlling relationships among various atmospheric and surface variables in estimating deposition velocity.
Regional Heterogeneity of Polyamine Effects on the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor in Rat Brain

Polyamines have pronounced effects on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in vitro and may be important modulators of NMDA receptor activity in vivo. There is considerable regional heterogeneity in the effects of polyamines on [3H]MK-801 binding in rat brain sections. For example, spermidine enhances the binding of [3H]MK-801 to a much greater extent in the striatum than in the cortex. To further explore the basis for this regional heterogeneity, the effects of polyamines on [3H]MK-801 binding were measured in well-washed membranes prepared from frontal cortex and striatum. There was no difference in the concentration-response relationship for spermidine or the KD for [3H]MK-801 in the presence of 75 microM spermidine, suggesting that the regional difference seen in tissue sections is due to an endogenous factor that is either removed or inactivated during the preparation of membranes. Comparison of spermidine concentration-response curves in washed and unwashed tissue sections revealed that washing selectively enhanced the Emax value in the ventromedial caudate putamen without changing the EC50. This is consistent with the possibility that a noncompetitive polyamine antagonist is being removed from this region during washing. There was no regional variability in the effects of the putative inverse agonist 1,10-diaminodecane, consistent with recent suggestions that this polyamine inhibits the NMDA receptor at a site distinct from the one at which polyamines act to enhance NMDA receptor function. Agents that modulate the redox state of the NMDA receptor did not eliminate the regional heterogeneity of polyamine effects. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of glycine in these regions did not correlate with that of spermidine. These results suggest the existence of one or more endogenous factors that noncompetitively influence the effects of polyamines in a region-specific manner.
Expressive Incentives in Intellectual Property

American copyright and patent laws are founded on utilitarian notions of providing limited incentives to create socially valuable works. This Article shows that incentives that express solicitude for and protect a creator’s strong personhood and labor interests can serve to support this underlying utilitarian purpose. In so doing, this Article shows that important incentives exist in addition to traditional pecuniary incentives. Through this lens, this Article demonstrates that what scholars typically see as a conflict between theories of utilitarianism and moral rights in intellectual property can in fact come together much of the time in a useful harmony to promote cultural, scientific, and technological progress. The Article then shows a number of promising areas for application in copyright and patent law of expressive incentives, such as attribution, the structure of duration, copyright’s originality requirement and its reversion right, and patent’s first-to-invent standard and written-description requirement. These areas are promising ones for investigation into the ideal mix of pecuniary and expressive incentives in intellectual property. Other areas, like integrity and robust restraints on alienability, are more troublesome because their societal costs might exceed their benefits.
Development of the LEMS speech recognizer: improving performance using feature-sets

This paper discusses the work performed at the Laboratory of Engineering Man-Machine Systems (LEMS) to build a state-of-the-art speech recognizer. In a period of about four years the performance of the speech recognizer has been improved from 83% to 92%, representing a 53% reduction in error rate. These performance gains were obtained by improving the feature-set algorithms and the HMM models. The main change in the feature-set was switching from the once popular LPC-based methods to a novel DFT-based method. The parameterized DFT-based method improved performance and confirmed what has been generally accepted that mel-scale warping is superior for machine speech recognition. Performance gains were also achieved by using the semi-continuous HMM model instead of the fast discrete HMM system. This change appears to offer a fixed 2-3% recognition rate improvement.
Russell and His Sources for Non-Classical Logics

My purpose here is purely historical. It is not an attempt to resolve the question as to whether Russell did or did not countenance nonclassical logics, and if so, which nonclassical logics, and still less to demonstrate whether he himself contributed, in any manner, to the development of nonclassical logic. Rather, I want merely to explore and insofar as possible document, whether, and to what extent, if any, Russell interacted with the various, either the various candidates or their, ideas that Dejnožka and others have proposed as potentially influential in Russell’s intellectual reactions to nonclassical logic or to the philosophical concepts that might contribute to his reactions to nonclassical logics.
The X-1 Z-pinch driver

X-1 is a program initiative to develop the next-generation laboratory X-ray source using fast Z-pinch drivers. X-1 will provide unique applications utility to high-energy density physics, inertial confinement fusion, and radiation effects simulation research. The advent in the 1980's of pulsed power accelerators capable of delivering tens of terawatts to imploding plasma loads led to a quantum improvement in Z-pinch performance by reducing the implosion time to less than 100 ns. Further progress in Z-pinch performance capabilities was achieved in 1996, using a cylindrical wire-array load, and led to the production of 85 TW, 350-500 kJ of X-rays using the Saturn accelerator at Sandia. The PBFA-II accelerator has been converted to drive Z-pinch loads (PBFA-Z), and will provide a factor of 2 increase in current, and 4 in energy, over that provided by Saturn. X-1 is the next step beyond PBFA-Z and, as presently envisioned, represents a factor of 8 increase in energy. It will require a /spl sim/360 TW, /spl sim/100 ns pulsed power generator to impart /spl sim/16 MJ kinetic energy to the reference imploding plasma load. A baseline concept for X-1 has been developed. It utilizes a highly modular, robust architecture with demonstrated performance reliability.
Use of allografts in the management of ankle arthritis

Reconstruction of articular cartilage defects of the tibiotalar joint remains a challenge. Although arthrodesis and total ankle arthroplasty are treatment options, we present fresh tibiotalar allografting as an alternative technique. The average age of 12 patients who underwent tibiotalar allografting was 43 years. The average follow-up was 21 months. All grafts healed at the host/donor interface. Complications included intraoperative fracture in one patient and graft collapse that required revision allografting in another. Most patients were relieved of preoperative pain and were satisfied with the procedure. Postoperative function was also significantly improved, based on questionnaire and physician assessment. Fresh tibiotalar allografting is an exciting and promising technique in the treatment of articular cartilage defects in young, active patients.
Yap1p Activates Gene Transcription in an Oxidant-Specific Fashion

Positive regulation of gene expression by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Yap1p is required for normal tolerance of oxidative stress elicited by the redox-active agents diamide and H(2)O(2). Several groups have provided evidence that a cluster of cysteine residues in the extreme C terminus of the factor are required for normal modulation of Yap1p by oxidant challenge. Deletion of this C-terminal cysteine-rich domain (c-CRD) produces a protein that is highly active under both stressed and nonstressed conditions and is constitutively located in the nucleus. We have found that a variety of different c-CRD mutant proteins are hyperactive in terms of their ability to confer diamide tolerance to cells but fail to provide even normal levels of H(2)O(2) resistance. Although the c-CRD mutant forms of Yap1p activate an artificial Yap1p-responsive gene to the same high level in the presence of either diamide or H(2)O(2), these mutant factors confer hyperresistance to diamide but hypersensitivity to H(2)O(2). To address this discrepancy, we have examined the ability of c-CRD mutant forms of Yap1p to activate expression of an authentic target gene required for H(2)O(2) tolerance, TRX2. When assayed in the presence of c-CRD mutant forms of Yap1p, a TRX2-lacZ fusion gene fails to induce in response to H(2)O(2). We have also identified a second cysteine-rich domain, in the N terminus (n-CRD), that is required for H(2)O(2) but not diamide resistance and influences the localization of the protein. These data are consistent with the idea that the function of Yap1p is different at promoters of loci involved in H(2)O(2) tolerance from promoters of genes involved in diamide resistance.
The evolution of the finding aid in the United States: from physical to digital document genre

In this article, we examine the American finding aid as a form of genre from both a cognitive and a sociological perspective and use this analysis to articulate some of the hidden or underlying regularities and assumptions of archives work. As finding aids increasingly are created and delivered digitally, we can anticipate tensions in the form and use of these genres giving rise to increased scrutiny of archival practices that in turn should cause us to explore the representation of the archives profession in a digital world. A particular focus of this article is to advance an argument that for too long, the actual consumption and use, that is, the reading of finding aids, has been ignored or overlooked. Yet, it is likely that only through understanding how people exploit and read these documents in real use can we improve their design. In so doing, we make a case for archival research to move further into the analysis of user behavior, information seeking, and contemporary information practices so as to improve and extend the appreciation of how archives contribute to the larger information field.
Nicotine withdrawal and dependence among smokers with a history of childhood abuse.

Introduction Previous studies have found that those with a history of childhood abuse are more likely to smoke cigarettes than those without a history of abuse. Mechanisms underlying this greater prevalence are unclear. We examined whether current smokers with a history of childhood abuse reported greater levels of nicotine dependence and more severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Methods We analyzed data from a 2-wave, national, random-digit-dial survey of adult cigarette smokers (n = 751). We examined whether childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse were associated with greater levels of nicotine dependence. Among those who made a quit attempt (n = 368), we examined whether abuse was associated with more severe withdrawal symptoms recalled during the 14 months between surveys. For both dependence and withdrawal, we tested a mediation pathway through current serious mental illness (SMI). Results All 3 types of childhood abuse were associated with more severe withdrawal symptoms. These associations were partially mediated by SMI. Sexual abuse and physical abuse were directly associated with dependence, whereas emotional abuse was indirectly associated with dependence through SMI. Conclusions All 3 forms of childhood abuse were associated with both dependence and withdrawal. The greater prevalence of smoking found among those with a history of childhood abuse may be explained by heightened vulnerability to nicotine dependence and withdrawal and may be partially due to comorbid mental illness.
Simulation of Parallel Resonance Condition in Electrical Network Using EDSA

This paper covers the effects of parallel resonance in the Electrical Network due to Power Factor correction (PFC)/VAR compensation. Parallel Resonance can make entire electrical network unstable as THD (voltage) may rise upto 26% of fundamental (which is nearly seven to eight times of THD produced by the harmonic source) resulting in highly distorted Electrical wave. This will result in misfiring in UPS, Variable Frequency Drives, and Battery Charges. The Protection system may mal-operate due to resonance. The losses in various electrical equipments will increase, which will result in heating and ultimately premature failure of equipments. A typical Electrical network was modeled in EDSA (Electrical design software) and parallel resonance condition was simulated to analyze the effect of resonance on following:• THD on various busses in the electrical network • Impedance response with/without the PFC • Distortion of waveform at various buses • Corrective measures to avoid resonance due to PFC
Median arcuate ligament syndrome--a novel treatment using an intrathecal morphine pump to relieve intractable visceral pain.

▪ Abstract Purpose: Median arcuate ligament syndrome, which presents with intractable visceral pain, is difficult to both diagnose and treat. This case report describes the first use of an intrathecal morphine pump as an effective therapeutic intervention. Clinical features: We describe a 39-year-old female who presented with a four-year history of misdiagnosed debilitating abdominal pain. After multiple failed attempts at medical management and surgeries, a trial of intrathecal narcotics provided significant relief. Six months after insertion of an intrathecal morphine pump, the patient was pain-free and had resumed all activities of daily living. Conclusion: The use of an intrathecal narcotic pump should be considered for treatment of patients with intractable visceral pain secondary to median arcuate ligament syndrome. ▪
It is Better to Receive than to Give: Advice Network Effects on Job and Work-Unit Attachment

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between advice-giving, advice-receiving, and employee work attitudes. We argue that (1) both advice-receiving and advice-giving will be positively related to job involvement; (2) advice-receiving will be more strongly associated with work-unit commitment than advice-giving; and (3) job involvement will mediate the relationship between advice-receiving and work-unit commitment.
Orthogonal defect classification-a concept for in-process measurements

Orthogonal defect classification (ODC), a concept that enables in-process feedback to software developers by extracting signatures on the development process from defects, is described. The ideas are evolved from an earlier finding that demonstrates the use of semantic information from defects to extract cause-effect relationships in the development process. This finding is leveraged to develop a systematic framework for building measurement and analysis methods. The authors define ODC and discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions required to provide feedback to a developer; illustrate the use of the defect type distribution to measure the progress of a product through a process; illustrate the use of the defect trigger distribution to evaluate the effectiveness and eventually the completeness of verification processes such as inspection or testing; provides sample results from pilot projects using ODC; and open the doors to a wide variety of analysis techniques for providing effective and fast feedback based on the concepts of ODC. >
Modeling and design of a low-power injection-locked frequency divider in 90nm CMOS for 60GHz applications

This paper describes the modeling and design considerations of a low-power divide-by-two injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) for 60GHz frequency synthesizer applications implemented in 90nm CMOS process. The paper proposes a divider's locking range model based on mixing analysis. The design uses a capacitor bank for the divider band selection and tail current injection. Measured results of the designed divider show minimum power consumption of 1.32mW and locking range 2.5GHz at an input power of 2dBm.
DIGITIZATION OF A HISTORIC DATASET: THE WIESLANDER CALIFORNIA VEGETATION TYPE MAPPING PROJECT

In the 1920s and 1930s Albert Everett Wieslander and several others explored much of California’s wilderness sampling vegetation, taking photographs, collecting specimens, and drawing detailed maps of what they found. The collection is now known as the Wieslander Vegetation Type Mapping (VTM) collection, and the entire survey encompassed nearly seventy million acres of the state, covering most of the wild areas exclusive of the deserts and the larger agricultural areas. These data represent a valuable resource for comparative and conservation ecology. We are digitizing the entire project, and making it available to researchers and the public. The current ‘‘VTM Digitization’’ Project, as it is known, is described in this article, and is a collaborative effort by teams at University of California Berkeley and University of California Davis, funded by the U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. The VTM Digitization Project aims to digitize the entire VTM collection for use in ecological and geospatial analyses, and to facilitate access and distribution of the data by researchers and interested parties. This article describes our efforts at making the VTM plot data, maps and photographs digital, spatially referenced, readily available, and web-accessible via an Internet-based Geographic Information System (webGIS) application. In addition, we discuss potential uses for the data and caveats associated with its use, particularly spatial accuracy.
Overruled?: Legislative Overrides, Pluralism, and Contemporary Court–Congress Relations

Overruled?: Legislative Overrides, Pluralism, and Contemporary Court–Congress Relations. By Jeb Barnes. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 219p. $50.00. Students of the interaction between the judicial and elected branches of government typically assume that each branch can understand the other's intentions and capabilities. In classic separation-of-power models, justices do not craft opinions they know will be overridden, and Congress does not pass laws likely to be struck down or interpreted in a manner hostile to Congress's interests. In reality, the assumption of complete information is tenuous: The transmission of information between the branches is less than perfect. Members of Congress lack the capacity to perfectly anticipate future judicial decisions, and courts cannot anticipate how elected officials will respond. Hence, congressional goals are regularly thwarted by the courts, and on occasion, judicial attempts at policymaking are overruled by Congress.
Determinants of fraud losses in nonprofit organizations

Although fraud research has increased, the nonprofit setting has been ignored in criminology and business ethics. This exploratory study examines occupational fraud in 128 nonprofit agencies. Characteristics of offenders (age, gender, educational background, position in the agency), victims (size of organization and available control mechanisms), and offenses are compared to previous research. Regression analyses indicate that several factors are significant predictors of financial loss. At the individual level, it appears females are responsible for increased dollar losses; however, subsequent analyses demonstrate that organizations with a higher level of internal controls detect fraud committed by males, and it is these offenses that result in more serious losses.
Peptide microarrays for carbohydrate recognition

An application of high density random sequence peptide microarrays for rapid and reliable identification of artificial carbohydrate receptors is reported.
The prognostic role of loss of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 expression in head and neck carcinogenesis

The activities of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are modulated by a family of high-affinity specific IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP-3 being the most abundant in circulation. Down-regulation of IGFBP-3 has been shown to be associated with a shorter disease-specific survival probability in early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined the prognostic role of IGFBP-3 protein expression loss in 34 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the tongue (stages II-IV) and 30 premalignant lesions of the oral cavity and the larynx. Reduced IGFBP-3 expression was found in 11 (32%) of 34 tongue SCC cases, and was associated with significantly shorter disease-specific and disease-free survival (P=0.0002 and <0.0001 by Log-rank test). In premalignant lesions, IGFBP3 loss was found in 8 (27%) of 30 cases without significant association with cancer-free survival. Therefore, down-regulation of IGFBP-3 is an early event during head and neck carcinogenesis, that bears an adverse prognostic significance in tongue cancer and could serve as both a marker of aggressive disease and target for intervention.
Mapping student understanding in chemistry: The Perspectives of Chemists

Preliminary pilot studies and a field study show how a generalizable con- ceptual framework calibrated with item response modeling can be used to describe the development of student conceptual understanding in chemistry. ChemQuery is an assess- ment system that uses a framework of the key ideas in the discipline, called the Perspectives of Chemists, and criterion-referenced analysis using item response models (item response theory (IRT)) to map student progress. It includes assessment questions, a scoring rubric, itemexemplars,andaframeworktodescribethepathsofstudentunderstandingthatemerge.
Regional soiling stations for PV: Design, calibration and installation

Soiling rate (g/m2/day) and daily/annual soiling loss (%) of photovoltaic (PV) modules are primarily influenced by climatic condition of the site and tilt angle of PV modules. Therefore, for all the performance and energy prediction models used by the industry, accurate climate-specific and tilt-angle-specific soiling rate and daily/annual soiling loss data are needed. The primary focus of this work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of regional soiling stations designed to systematically collect this data and they are deployed in five regions in the United States. This paper presents information on the design, calibration and installation of soiling stations. Four of the sites are at the U.S. Department of Energy Regional Test Centers (RTC) in Albuquerque, NM; Golden, CO; Cocoa Beach, FL; and Essex Junction, VT, while a fifth site is in Mesa, AZ. Each soiling station is equipped with a data acquisition system and 10 laminated coupons tilted at angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°. Each coupon contains two identical half-cells cut from a single monocrystalline silicon cell. In this test setup, the right half-cell is periodically cleaned and left half-cell is allowed to soil naturally so the above stated data can be collected throughout the year.
Live Quantification of Changes to Membrane Cytoskeleton due to Restricted Access to Laminin or Substrate Stiffness

Physical (stiffness and dimensionality) and chemical (cell adhesion promoting molecules) properties of cellular environment are thought to take key roles in tumorigenesis. Mammary epithelial cells undergo mesenchymal transition during invasive progression of breast cancer. We modeled basal membrane with different gel stiffness and altering laminin concentrations. Our results indicate carcinoma cells become invasive in stiff tissues in response of limited access to laminin at basement membrane. Better understanding of the transition dynamics requires single cell level live quantification of membrane cytoskeleton changes for different sizes of observation areas simultaneously, in relevant timescales. We facilitate bimFCS technique, a non-perturbing optical method giving opportunity to acquire data over tens of minutes with less than a minute temporal resolution in analysis in a time-course manner. Our method lets quantitative analysis of (1) the diffusion speed of these proteins in live cell membranes while freely moving between meshwork fences, (2) their strength of interaction with the cytoskeleton and (3) the average separation of fences.
"Marching As To War": A letter from Brazil to South Africa about Landlessness, Agrarian Reform and Social Movement Struggles against Neoliberalism 1

Resumen: Este trabajo utiliza la Marcha Nacional por la Reforma Agraria del Movimento de los Sin Tierra (MST) como lente para analizar la lucha de los movimientos sociales contra la politica neoliberal del gobierno Lula y sugerir lecciones para activistas en Africa del Sur. A centrar en la Marcha Nacional, este trabajo salienta la importancia de la marcha como un ferramiento estrategico del MST, y situa esta en un contexto historico, filosofico y tactico. Este trabajo afirma que la importancia que el MST da a la formacion politica y la construccion organizativa, su habilidad para construir fuertes alianzas rural-urbanas, y su vision estrategico que le permite ir mas alla que una lucha corporativista por la tierra y para levantar reinvidicaciones populares nacionales es fundamental para entender su consistente capacidad de mobilizacion popular y su estatus como actor vibrante contra-hegemonico en la politica nacional de Brasil. Palabras-clave : Reforma agraria, Movimientos sociales, MST, Neoliberalismo, Proyecto popular
Vitamin A and thyroid iodine after reticuloendothelial cell block.

Summary1. Protein-bound iodine was decreased in the liver and increased in the thyroid after reticuloendothelial cell block; increased production and storage of thyroxine is indicated by the data presented. 2. Hepatic vitamin A was not affected by the experimental conditions, although serum vitamin A was decreased. 3. The bearing of these results on those of hypervitaminosis A is briefly considered.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Multiply Twinned Particles: Surface Stress Effects

In nanoparticle technologies, such as SERS, fuel cell catalysis and data storage, icosahedral and decahedral nanoparticles, owing to their defect structure, provide higher functionality than their single-crystal Wulff counterparts. However, precise control on the yield of multiply twinned structures during solution synthesis has been challenging. In particular, it is difficult to synthesize icosahedral structures due to the high volumetric strain energy associated with the disclination defects and the transition to decahedral morphologies. In this Letter, we elucidate the role of surface stresses in influencing the thermodynamic stability of multiply twinned particles. Increasing the surface stresses inhibits the formation of decahedral structures and increases the likelihood of synthesizing metastable icosahedral particles. Analogously, large decahedral particles may be stabilized by decreasing the surface stresses. Therefore, by tailoring the solution chemistry to influence the surface stresses, greater...
Isolation of isoandrosterone from urine in a case of virilism

SummaryIsoandrosterone, androsterone, and etiocholanol-3(α)-one-17 have been isolated from the urine of a woman suffering from virilism. No dehydroisoandrosterone has been found.While this paper was in press Pearlman7 reported the isolation of isoandrosterone from the urine of normal women and of patients with cancer. The yield which is given only for normal female urine is appreciably lower than that obtained from this case of virilism.The author is greatly indebted to Professor G. F. Cahill, Columbia University, for permission to report his clinical observations, to Professor O. Wintersteiner, Columbia University, for his helpful advice, and to Dr. H. H. Darby, Columbia University, for the bio-assay data and for arranging for the urine collections.
AgentX protocol and implement of master-agent/sub-agent

The limitation of simple network management protocol(SNMP) network management system which adopts the centralized service model is analyzed.The basic idea of AgentX frame and the operating principle of master-agent and sub-agent are discussed.A brief analysis on AgentX protocol packets is carried out.The implementation of master-agent/sub-agent based on AgentX protocol communication was described by means of the related source-packet Net-SNMP.It greatly improved the efficiency and stability of the network management.
Are Locked Plates Needed for Split Depression Tibial Plateau Fractures

Displaced tibial plateau fractures often require surgical treatment and plate and screw constructs are the most common method of fixation. There has been increased usage of locking plate technology for both complex and simple fracture patterns without any evidence demonstrating their advantage. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical use of locked versus nonlocked plating for repair of displaced Schatzker type-II (OTA Type 41B) tibial plateau fractures. Seventy-seven consecutive patients treated operatively with one of two types of plate and screw constructs in a nonrandomized fashion for Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures and they were prospectively followed over a 5-year period. A total of 35 (45.5%) patients were treated using a locked plate and screw construct and 42 (54.5%) patients were treated with a nonlocked plate and screw construct. All patients received the same pre- and postoperative care and there was no difference in plate morphology and length between cohorts. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) scores, Visual Analogue Score for pain, and knee ranges of motion. Radiographic outcome was assessed with plain radiographs at all follow-up points. Implant costs for both types of constructs were calculated from hospital purchasing records. Patients were assessed at a mean period of 18.5 months (range: 12-72 months). There was no difference in demographic factors, physical examination parameters, radiographic outcomes, and SMFA scores between cohorts. In terms of cost, the cost of locked construct was $905 more than the nonlocked construct. Based on clinical outcomes and cost per implant, we found no evidence to support the routine use of locked plating for simple split depression fractures of the lateral tibial plateau. The use of standard nonlocked, precontoured implants provides adequate fixation for these fracture patterns.
January 2016 ALCTS e-forum: How library technical services can support OER initiatives

ALCTS's e-forum for January allowed a diverse group of library professionals to share some strategies for technical services departments to consider when trying to promote and manage open education...
Production of Well-Characterized Virus-like Particles in an Escherichia coli -Based Expression Platform for Preclinical Vaccine Assessments

In this chapter we demonstrate a method to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) from Escherichia coli. Standard bacterial protocols are used for the cloning, transformation, and expression of the protein subunits. A two-step protein purification method is highlighted: one step based on separating soluble proteins with ion-exchange affinity chromatography and a second polishing step using size-exclusion columns to isolate VLP species. The ensuing VLPs can be characterized with a variety of biophysical techniques including ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy for protein quantification, dynamic light scattering for size distribution determination, and transmission electron microscopy to ascertain size and morphology.
Sustainable City as Fantasy

There can be little doubt that our current ecological crisis is being framed through the idea of sustainability. As we plan to deal with anthropogenic climate change, we talk of becoming more susta...
Marketing Strategies for Financial Instruments in Ukraine

Emerging from the collapse of the Soviet empire, Ukraine is confronted with a number of marketing obstacles in tapping global financial markets. A significant problem is overcoming the aftereffects of centuries of colonial rule which directly contributed to low awareness of Ukraine worldwide. Since Ukraine lacks a track record, apart from its Soviet past, on which to judge credit worthiness, it faces serious skepticism from investors with regard to its potential issues. Therefore, it would be wise as a first step to target friendly markets for its securities, such markets as the worldwide Ukrainian Diaspora, to establish a credit record that can be used as evidence of fiscal responsibility before the world community.
A Comparison of Radio-Frequency and Optical Studies of Selected Planetary Nebulae

The thermal radio-frequency emission, E v , per unit volume per unit frequency interval may be computed (e.g. from equations given by Oster) and compared with the volume emissivity E (H β ) in the optical H β transition.
Structured illumination assisted microdeflectometry with optical depth scanning capability

Microdeflectometry is a powerful noncontact tool for measuring nanometer defects on a freeform surface. However, it requires a time-consuming process to take measurements at different depths for an extended depth of field (EDOF) and lacks surface information for integrating the measured gradient data to height. We propose an optical depth scanning technique to speed up the measurement process and introduce the structured illumination technique to efficiently determine the focused data among 3D observation and provide surface orientations for reconstructing an unknown surface shape. We demonstrated 3D measurements with an equivalent surface height sensitivity of 7.21 nm and an EDOF of at least 250 μm, which is 15 times that of the diffraction limited depth range.
Expression of retina-specific genes by mouse retinoblastoma cells.

Purpose. Two cell lines derived from ocular tumors of a transgenic mouse expressing the SV40 large T antigen have been established as models of human retinoblastoma. One line, TM, originated from a metastasis, and the other, TE, originated from the primary tumor. The authors compared these two lines with the normal adult mouse eye by analysis of the expression of five photoreceptor cell-specific proteins: IRBP, opsin, rod- and cone-specific transducins, and S-antigen. The authors sought to determine which of these proteins was expressed qualitatively and to examine semi-quantitatively for changes in the levels of expression in the cell lines. Method. Western blot analysis was used to detect photoreceptor-specific intracellular or secreted proteins. Total RNA was prepared from cultured cells or from mouse adult whole eye. Specific messenger levels in total RNA were determined either by northern hybridization analysis or by a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), coupled to complementary DNA (cDNA) substrates prepared from total RNA. Results. IRBP was present in the retinoblastoma cell lines and secreted into the medium. Neither S-antigen nor opsin were detectable by immunoblotting. IRBP and cone transducin mRNA were present in both cell lines. In contrast, opsin, rod transducin, and S-Antigen mRNAs were not detectable by PCR. /3-actin was present in the mRNA populations of whole eye and retinoblastoma. SV40 large T antigen mRNA was present only in retinoblastoma cells. Conclusions. IRBP and cone transducin expression in mouse retinoblastoma cells is independent of signaling provided direcdy or indirecdy dirough large T antigen or Rb]05 regulatory cascades. The pattern of photoreceptor-specific gene expression is similar to that seen in human retinoblastoma cell lines. These murine-derived cell lines may be useful as a tool to study IRBP and cone transducin expression in vitro and to determine early retinoblast expression patterns in the mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:3931-3937.
A new DC/DC converter for solid oxide fuel cell powered residential systems

A low-cost high-efficiency DC/DC converter for use in residential fuel cell applications is proposed in this paper. The converter must accept a low voltage, high current input from the fuel cells and convert the power to a high voltage output. This DC/DC converter uses several technologies to achieve the high-efficiency, low-cost goal, including zero-voltage switching, a unique parallel input / series output topology, three interleaved converters, and the ability to turn off a unit during light loads. These technologies combined allow the converter to maintain soft switching over a wider operating range, reduce passive component size, output current ripple, and the necessary transformer turn ratio. The proposed DC/DC converter has been simulated to confirm its design goals and is currently being realized in hardware. Efficiency is expected to be above 96% in the final design. A cost analysis of the proposed design has been performed and the converter meets the low cost goal.
¿Una nueva cultura de agua?: inercia institucional y gestión tecnocrática de los recursos hídricos en el Perú

The 2009 Hydrologic Resources Law (Law 29338) shifted the legal and institutional framework in Peru’s water sector toward a focus on Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). This change formally ended the explicit prioritization of water for agricultural uses that had prevailed for four decades under the prior legal regime enacted during the nation’s agrarian reform. This article combines analysis of Peru’s current legal and institutional setting for water management with examination of the historical dynamics betweenthe state water bureaucracy and Peruvian society to argue that the existing arrangements for water governance reflect the enduring influence of an engineer-led technocracy rooted in the high-modernist approaches of the 20th century. The article illustrates how the state bureaucracy has consolidated centralized authority over the water sector through assimilation and adaptation of the IWRM paradigm and the development of a water regime that prioritizesthe formalization of water rights, recognition of the economic value of water, and water-use efficiency.
Functional Gfi-1 Is Important for BCR/ABL-Mediated Proliferation and Survival of Myeloid Cells.

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder caused by the BCR/ABL fusion oncogene. CML typically evolves in three distinct clinical stages: chronic and accelerated stages and blast crisis. The progression of CML from chronic phase (CP) to blast crisis (BC) is characterized by the increasing failure of myeloid precursors to differentiate into mature granulocytes and aggressive proliferation of immature myeloid cells. It has been shown that CML progression from CP to BC is associated with downregulation of C/EBPs including C/EBPa and C/EBPe, critical regulators of myeloid development. Forced expression of C/EBPs suppresses transformation and restores granulocytic differentiation of BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid cells, suggesting that downregulation of C/EBPs may be involved in CML transition from CP to BC. The proto-oncogene Gfi-1 encodes a nuclear zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that is required for the survival and proliferation of myeloid cells. We recently showed that expression of a dominant negative Gfi-1 mutant, N382S, led to markedly increased expression of C/EBPe in myeloid cells, suggesting that Cebpe encoding C/EBPe is a Gfi-1 target. We investigated the possibility that inhibition of Gfi-1 function in BCR/ABL-expressing cells may increase C/EBPe expression, thereby exerting a negative effect on BCR/ABL-mediated transformation. Myeloid 32D cells transfected with BCR/ABL (32D/BCR/ABL) are independent of IL-3 for proliferation and survival. Expression of the N382S mutant in 32D/BCR/ABL cells (32D/N382S) had a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and survival in the absence of IL-3, but only a weak effect in the presence of IL-3, suggesting that the N382S mutant specifically inhibited BCR/ABL-mediated proliferation and survival. The level of C/EBPe protein was markedly augmented in 32D/N382S cells. Interestingly, when cultured in medium containing no growth factors, 32D/N382S cells exhibited certain features of macrophage differentiation including increased cell size, adherence to the surface of culture flasks, spreading and increased surface expression of macrophage differentiation marker F4/80. 32D/N382S cells also became more sensitive to c-ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib. These data indicate that Gfi-1 may play an important role in BCR/ABL-mediated transformation and thus represent a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of CML.
Effect of nodal status compared to tumor response after neoadjuvant radiation on outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer.

147Background: The CROSS trial established the role of neoadjuvant radiation in the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). While response to radiation is an important factor in predicting long-term outcomes, the vast majority of patients succumb to systemic disease. The purpose of this study is to assess predictors of survival in patients with EAC following radiation therapy. Methods: All patients who underwent resection after radiation therapy for EAC at a single institution were retrospectively identified from January 2004 to December 2014. Patients who died within 30 days of surgery were excluded. Cox-proportional hazard analyses were performed to identify clinico-pathological factors associated with survival after surgery. Results: In the time period, 334 patients underwent esophagectomy for EAC. Univariable/multivariable analyses are shown in the table. The presence of a pathologic complete response (pCR) did not correlate to survival. The most important factors in predicting outcome were pre-...
A frequency quantum interpretation of the surface renewal model of mass transfer

The surface of a turbulent liquid is visualized as consisting of a large number of chaotic eddies or liquid elements. Assuming that surface elements of a particular age have renewal frequencies that are integral multiples of a fundamental frequency quantum, and further assuming that the renewal frequency distribution is of the Boltzmann type, performing a population balance for these elements leads to the Danckwerts surface age distribution. The basic quantum is what has been traditionally called the rate of surface renewal. The Higbie surface age distribution follows if the renewal frequency distribution of such elements is assumed to be continuous. Four age distributions, which reflect different start-up conditions of the absorption process, are then used to analyse transient physical gas absorption into a large volume of liquid, assuming negligible gas-side mass-transfer resistance. The first two are different versions of the Danckwerts model, the third one is based on the uniform and Higbie distributions, while the fourth one is a mixed distribution. For the four cases, theoretical expressions are derived for the rates of gas absorption and dissolved-gas transfer to the bulk liquid. Under transient conditions, these two rates are not equal and have an inverse relationship. However, with the progress of absorption towards steady state, they approach one another. Assuming steady-state conditions, the conventional one-parameter Danckwerts age distribution is generalized to a two-parameter age distribution. Like the two-parameter logarithmic normal distribution, this distribution can also capture the bell-shaped nature of the distribution of the ages of surface elements observed experimentally in air-sea gas and heat exchange. Estimates of the liquid-side mass-transfer coefficient made using these two distributions for the absorption of hydrogen and oxygen in water are very close to one another and are comparable to experimental values reported in the literature.