cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and metrics of achievement in long‐term adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant

Many children who undergo heart transplantation will survive into adulthood. We sought to examine the QOL and capacity for achievement in long-term adult survivors of pediatric heart transplantation. Adults >18 yr of age who received transplants as children (≤18 yr old) and had survived for at least 10 yr post-transplant completed two self-report questionnaires: (i) Ferrans & Powers QLI, in which life satisfaction is reported as an overall score and in four subscale domains and is then indexed from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 1 (very satisfied); and (ii) a “Metrics of Life Achievement” questionnaire regarding income, education, relationships, housing status, and access to health care. A total of 20 subjects completed the survey. The overall mean QLI score was 0.77 ± 0.16. Subjects were most satisfied in the family domain (0.84 ± 0.21) and least satisfied in the psychological/spiritual domain (0.7 ± 0.28). Satisfaction in the domains of health/functioning and socioeconomic were intermediate at 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. Most respondents had graduated from high school, reported a median annual income >$50 000/yr, and lived independently. Adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant report a good QOL and demonstrate the ability to obtain an education, work, and live independently.
Flow cytometric evaluation of cell‐cycle progression in ethyl methanesulfonate and methyl methanesulfonate‐exposed P3 Cells: Relationship to the induction of sister‐chromatid exchanges and cellular toxicity

In order to determine the relationships among the reduction in relative cloning efficiency (RCE), sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) formation, and interference with progression through the cell-cycle, human teratocarcinoma-derived (P3) cells were exposed to either ethyl methanesulfonate or to methyl methanesulfonate. The relationship between SCE and toxicity was quantified, the progression through the cell-cycle was evaluated with flow cytometric methods, and the effects of these chemicals on cell growth and average generation time (AGT) were determined. A strong correlation existed between RCE and SCE (r = -0.978, p less than .001) which was accompanied by an inhibition of growth as evidenced by a significant (p less than .0001) negative linear effect of concentration on the relative cell count from 24 to 72 hours after exposure and by a concentration-dependent increase (p less than .0001) in the AGT. Delays in the transit through S-phase were evident 4 hours after exposure to toxic concentrations of either carcinogen and by 8 to 12 hours post-exposure at the lower concentrations. Increases in the percentage of nuclei in G2 + M, indicative of G2 arrest, occurred from 12 to 24 hours after exposure. One interpretation of these results is that those effects of EMS and MMS exposure which result in S-phase delay and G2 arrest may be those elements common to the induction of SCE and cellular toxicity.
Robotic endoscopic surgery in a porcine model of the infant neck

Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly becoming the desired surgical standard, especially for pediatric patients. Infants and children are a particular technical challenge, however, because of the small size of target anatomical structures and the small surgical workspace. Computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical telemanipulators may overcome these challenges by facilitating surgery in a small workspace. We studied the feasibility of performing robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a porcine model of the human infant neck. The study design was a prospective, feasibility pilot study of a small cohort for proof of concept and for a survival model. Sixteen non-survival piglets weighing 4.5–10 kg were used to develop the surgical approach and operative technique. Eight piglets aged 3–6 weeks old and weighing 4.0–9.1 kg underwent survival thyroidectomy by a cervical endoscopic approach using the Zeus surgical robot, which includes the Aesop endoscope holder and “Microwrist” microdissecting instruments. We succeeded in performing endoscopic robotic neck surgery on a piglet as small as 4 kg, in an operative pocket as small as 2 cm3. Total incision length for all three ports was ≤23 mm. There were no major complications, no major robotic instrument malfunctions or breakages, and no procedures required conversion to open surgery. These results support the feasibility of robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a neck the size of a human infant’s. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1007/s11701-006-0007-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Attractors of non-Newtonian fluids

The existence of global attractors is demonstrated for the dynamical systems generated by motions of nonlinear bipolar and non-Newtonian viscous fluids and upper bounds are obtained for the Hausdorff and fractal dimensions of the attractors for the bipolar case.
Prospects and Challenges for Developing Securities Markets in Ethiopia: An Analytical Review

This paper is an analytical review of the prospects and challenges of developing securities markets in Ethiopia. With the fall of communism and the emergence of capitalism, many countries around the world are moving toward market-oriented economies and securities markets are springing up on all continents around the globe. Securities markets have come to symbolize to many the essence of capitalistic economic relations. When studying the economies of developing countries, the first thing that becomes apparent is the existence of immense and, to a considerable extent, unemployed human resources as well as an acute shortage of capital. Shortage of capital is a major constraint in the realization of economic development. Recognizing the role that securities markets play in mobilizing capital, more than a dozen African countries have established stock markets. Ethiopia is not one of them. There is little current research which focuses on Africa's securities markets. This study helps to contribute to that effort by focusing on Ethiopia, the second largest country in sub-Saharan Africa plagued with major economic problems. The paper concludes by recommending the establishment of a stock market and providing suggestions on how to do it.
An inexpensive real-time microcomputer-based cognitive laboratory system

A computer system, based on the Radio Shack Color Computer, for running experiments in cognitive psychology is described. The system was designed according to the following principles: first, all of the equipment should consist of inexpensive, off-the-shelf components; second, the language used to implement experiments should have real-time commands embedded within the character strings to be displayed, and these real-time commands should be interpreted at run time; third, the system should serve multiple subjects, yet one host should be able to run display terminals for several subjects on independent experiments; and fourth, the system should be able to interface to other display devices and other response-recording devices. Two examples of other devices are discussed: an oscilloscope for rapid visual display and an Apple Macintosh for display of pictures.
Formally-Verified Decision Procedures for Univariate Polynomial Computation Based on Sturm's and Tarski's Theorems

Sturm's theorem is a well-known result in real algebraic geometry that provides a function that computes the number of roots of a univariate polynomial in a semi-open interval, not counting multiplicity. A generalization of Sturm's theorem is known as Tarski's theorem, which provides a linear relationship between functions known as Tarski queries and cardinalities of certain sets. The linear system that results from this relationship is in fact invertible and can be used to explicitly count the number of roots of a univariate polynomial on a set defined by a system of polynomial relations. This paper presents a formalization of these results in the PVS theorem prover, including formal proofs of Sturm's and Tarski's theorems. These theorems are at the basis of two decision procedures, which are implemented as computable functions in PVS. The first, based on Sturm's theorem, determines satisfiability of a single polynomial relation over an interval. The second, based on Tarski's theorem, determines the satisfiability of a system of polynomial relations over the real line. The soundness and completeness properties of these decision procedures are formally verified in PVS. The procedures and their correctness properties enable the implementation of PVS strategies for automatically proving existential and universal statements on polynomial systems. Since the decision procedures are formally verified in PVS, the soundness of the strategies depends solely on the internal logic of PVS rather than on an external oracle.
Control of complex distributed systems with distributed intelligent agents

Abstract Control of spatially distributed systems is a challenging problem because of their complex nature, nonlinearity, and generally high order. The lack of accurate and computationally efficient model-based techniques for large, spatially distributed systems leads to challenges in controlling the system. Agent-based control structures provide a powerful tool to manage distributed systems by utilizing (organizing) local and global information obtained from the system. A hierarchical, agent-based system with local and global controller agents is developed to control networks of interconnected chemical reactors (CSTRs). The global controller agent dynamically updates local controller agent’s objectives as the reactor network conditions change. One challenge posed is control of the spatial distribution of autocatalytic species in a network of reactors hosting multiple species. The multi-agent control system is able to intelligently manipulate the network flow rates such that the desired spatial distribution of species is achieved. Furthermore, the robustness and flexibility of the agent-based control system is illustrated through examples of disturbance rejection and scalability with respect to the size of the network.
A normal coordinate analysis based on the local structure of liquid water

Abstract Recent far-infrared, Raman, hyper-Raman, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements in the frequency range of about 100 to 1000 cm −1 have provided data related to the intermolecular motions of liquid water. A normal coordinate analysis of a simple mathematical model is used to study the motions of a rigid water molecule hydrogen bonded to its four nearest neighbors. The potential energy function for this model contains essentially four adjustable parameters, independent of temperature. Three of the parameters represent the stretching and bending of the hydrogen bonds. The fourth parameter is a term representing the interaction of the electric dipole moment of the water molecule with the local electric field. This four parameter model reproduces the frequencies and assignments of Walrafen using two bending constants which differ by about five percent. The number of parameters may be reduced to three with only small changes in the calculated frequencies if the bending constants are set equal. Both the hydrogen bonds and the large electric dipole moment of the molecule play important roles in the anomalous behavior found in many of the physical properties of water. The broad absorption bands found in this frequency range are incorporated in the model by means of a distribution of 0-0 distances based on the X-ray diffraction experiments of Narten, Danford, and Levy. The hydrogen bond properties are represented by the empirical potential function of Lippincott and Schroeder. The far infrared intensity ratios were calculated using a generalization of a dipole moment function used by Phillips. The results lend support to the frequency assignments of Walrafen. They also may be used to explain the experimental far-infrared spectra of Draegert et al. in terms of bandwidth, isotopic substitution, and temperature dependence. In addition, far-infrared frequencies are calculated with this model for ice which agree well with the measured frequency peaks.
An overlooked source of physician-scientists

A shortage of physician-scientists in the United States is an ongoing problem. Various recommendations have been made to address this issue; however, none of them have ameliorated the situation. Foreign medical school graduates with postdoctoral training in the United States are an overlooked and untapped resource for combating the dearth of physician-scientists. Evaluation of the scientific staff at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center revealed that 11% of all postdoctoral fellows were international medical graduates. Interestingly, a survey taken by these individuals revealed a lack of institutional and/or mentor support for career development and preparation for becoming physician-scientists. Foreign postdoctoral fellows with medical degrees are not even eligible for physician-scientist grants and awards since they are not US citizens. Although physicians educated in the United States usually matriculate from medical school with high educational debt that prevents most of them from entering into scientific careers, doctors trained outside the United States generally have minimal, if any, debt. Furthermore, many of them have a keen interest in remaining in the United States once they complete their postdoctoral training. Thus, foreign-trained medical professionals who have pursued scientific training in the United States can be one of the solutions for the current dearth of physician-scientists.
An investigation of how design-oriented organisations implement design thinking

AbstractThis paper examines how design-oriented organisations implement design thinking to develop design outcomes. An empirical investigation revealed that organisations implement design thinking by: (1) creating and disseminating end-user profiles across the organisation, (2) cultivating organic organisational structures to increase collaborations, (3) using brand image to establish a design language, and (4) factoring in competitors’ design outputs to stimulate design thinking. Design thinking is typically understood as a process that results in many possibilities for innovation. The results of this study offer an alternate understanding of design thinking as a creative process that is structured by these four key implementation schemes.
Wind Farm Wake Simulations in OpenFOAM

In an effort to lower the cost of energy for wind power, wake power losses need to be better predicted. As turbines extract energy from wind, a wake of slower, more turbulent flow is created downstream of the turbine. Because of lower local wind speeds, turbines located in the wake of another turbine do not produce as much power as the upstream turbine. Current modeling efforts fail to accurately predict power losses in downstream turbines by not completely capturing wake effects. Further research to understand and model wake effects is necessary to reduce wake power losses and improve overall wind farm power production. A model is created that simulates a neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The neutral ABL simulation is validated against three criteria from experimental data. The model is run using both Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solvers to compare the two methods as well as to the commonly used empirical Park model. Wind turbines at various downstream positions are modeled within the neutral ABL simulation using an actuator disc. Results from this model include the power deficit ratio of a turbine located in a wake. Power deficit ratios for LES and RANS simulations are within 2-4% and 15-43% of experimental data, respectively. With the results from these simulations, researchers can improve lower-order models to more accurately represent hundreds of turbines in an entire wind farm and improve efficiency.
The Homestay in Intensive Language Study Abroad: Social Networks, Language Socialization, and Developing Intercultural Competence.

This study investigated the composition of the social network that the homestay offers learners in an intensive summer Arabic language program in diglossic and multilingual Tunisia and examined the types of language socialization as well as the overall linguistic and intercultural competence such opportunities present. The study specifically investigated patterns of student interaction with members of the host families and explored the degree to which students took advantage of this rich learning environment. A survey was completed by 73 students upon their return to the United States at the end of the summers of 2010–2012. Results showed that, although the social network often involved extended family members, the host mother remained the primary locus of interaction. Data also showed that the homestay offered a breadth and depth of experiences that affected students' linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cultural gains and that, postprogram, students maintained their connection to this social network via social media.
Photovoltaic AC parameter characterization for dynamic partial shading and hot spot detection

This study investigates ac parameter characterization to detect partial shading within a series string of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Partial shading detection is needed to prevent hot spotting, a condition that reduces panel power performance and accelerates cell degradation. A PV cell is comprised of series and parallel resistances and parallel capacitance, which are affected by voltage bias, illumination, and temperature. When the string is under a maximum power point tracker or constant voltage controller, partial shading results in a clear increase in capacitance that is detectable by measuring the ac impedance magnitude in the 10-70 kHz frequency range. When the shaded cells become moderately negatively biased, there is a clear increase in parallel resistance. These trends in the PV cell physical characteristics can be used to develop partial shading detection methods that utilize the switching ripple of the power converter that controls the PV string.
Crystal structure of the Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) pro-toxin and its assembly into a heptameric transmembrane pore.

Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae secrete V. cholerae cytolysin (VCC), an 80 kDa pro-toxin that assembles into an oligomeric pore on target cell membranes following proteolytic cleavage and interaction with cell surface receptors. To gain insight into the activation and targeting activities of VCC, we solved the crystal structure of the pro-toxin at 2.3 A by X-ray diffraction. The core cytolytic domain of VCC shares a fold similar to the staphylococcal pore-forming toxins, but in VCC an amino-terminal pro-domain and two carboxy-terminal lectin domains decorate the cytolytic domain. The pro-domain masks a protomer surface that likely participates in inter-protomer interactions in the cytolytic oligomer, thereby explaining why proteolytic cleavage and movement of the pro-domain is necessary for toxin activation. A single β-octyl glucoside molecule outlines a possible receptor binding site on one lectin domain, and removal of this domain leads to a tenfold decrease in lytic activity toward rabbit erythrocytes. VCC activated by proteolytic cleavage assembles into an oligomeric species upon addition of soybean asolectin/cholesterol liposomes and this oligomer was purified in detergent micelles. Analytical ultracentrifugation and crystallographic analysis indicate that the resulting VCC oligomer is a heptamer. Taken together, these studies define the architecture of a pore forming toxin and associated lectin domains, confirm the stoichiometry of the assembled oligomer as heptameric, and suggest a common mechanism of assembly for staphylococcal and Vibrio cytolytic toxins.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of a Tee Shaped Tube Hydroforming Process

We performed numerical simulations and multiobjective optimization of a hydroforming process for copper tees using the BCJ plasticity material model developed by Bammann et al., which accounts for material manufacturing and history effects. A finite element simulation of the hydroforming process was created using data from experiments and the industrial process. The process parameters and geometry factors were optimized using a multiobjective optimization methodology employing metamodeling and software developed at Mississippi State University’s Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effect of flow direction on mixed convection heat transfer from a vertical flat plate and a plate with square protuberances

Abstract This paper discusses convection heat transfer for free and forced flows simultaneously over a vertical flat plate with square protuberances. The forced flow may be in a direction either parallel (upward) or opposite (downward) to the free convection force. An analysis was made of heat transfer for laminar mixed flow over an isothermal flat plate. The results indicated that free convection increased heat transfer rates for upward forced flow and decreased them for downward forced flow. For convection heat transfer of mixed flow over a plate mounted with heat dissipating components, experimental data showed that free convection increased heat transfer for downward forced flow better than for upward forced flow.
Atmospheric Propagation Effects On Coherent Laser Radars

Coherent laser radars offer new technical options for a variety of target detection and imaging scenarios. Such systems will, of necessity, be subject to the vagaries of atmospheric optical propagation, viz., turbulence, absorption, and scattering. This paper presents a mathematical system model for a compact heterodyne-reception laser radar which incorporates the statistical effects of target speckle and glint, local-oscillator shot noise, and propagation through either turbulent or turbid atmospheric conditions. Using this model, results are developed for the imace signal-to-noise ratio and target resolution capability of the radar. Clear-weather propagation through the turbulent atmosphere is shown to affect the compact laser radar primarily through scintillation. Low-visibility weather propagation is shown to degrade the resolution of the radar. Sample performance calculations for a realistic infrared radar are Included.
Midwall fractional shortening is an independent predictor of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with systemic hypertension

Conventional measures of left ventricular (LV) systolic performance suggest that diastolic dysfunction precedes the development of systolic dysfunction in hypertension. Midwall fractional shortening is a new measure of systolic function that identifies hypertensive patients who have evidence of target-organ damage, impaired contractile reserve, and increased mortality. We therefore sought to determine whether depressed midwall fiber shortening is associated with abnormal diastolic function. Echocardiograms were obtained in 102 otherwise healthy hypertensive patients without treatment with normal conventional measures of systolic function. Of these, 15 had depressed midwall shortening based on previously described normative relations. Patients with depressed midwall shortening had slightly higher blood pressure. Abnormal diastolic function, defined as late (A) LV inflow velocity greater than early (E) velocity, was observed in 33% of those with normal midwall shortening but in 60% of those with depressed shortening (p 1 had lower absolute midwall fiber shortening (15 +/- 3% vs 18 +/- 3%, p <0.0001) but similar endocardial shortening. Patients with abnormal midwall shortening had higher A/E and longer isovolumic relaxation times (both p <0.05). In multivariate analysis, midwall fractional shortening, age, and heart rate were independent predictors (p <0.01) of A/E in a model including blood pressure, LV mass, and endocardial shortening. We conclude that subnormal midwall shortening predicts LV diastolic abnormalities in this population of hypertensive patients with otherwise normal measures of LV systolic function. Contrary to our previous understanding, depressed LV systolic performance, when identified with this newer method, occurs coincidentally with impaired diastolic function.
Definitions, consistent and inconsistent

L'A. se penche sur la possibilite d'existence de definitions qui ne sont pas moins correctes tout en etant contradictoires. Il suggere que telle possibilite existe pour certaines definitions de la verite. Il se pose aussi la question: quelle est pour la definition, la regle d'usage qui est inconsequente?
Natural abundances of 15N as a source indicator for near-shore marine sedimentary and dissolved nitrogen☆

Because organic matter originating in the euphotic zone of the ocean may have a distinctive nitrogen isotope composition (15N/14N), as compared to organic matter originating in terrestrial soils, it may be used to evaluate the relative nitrogen contribution to marine and estuarine sediment. The nitrogen isotope ratios of 42 sediment samples of total nitrogen and 38 dissolved pore-water ammonium samples from Santa Barbara Basin sediment cores were measured. The range of δ15N values for total nitrogen was +2.89 – +9.4‰ with a mean of +6.8‰ and for pore water ammonium, +8.2 – +12.4‰ with a mean of 10.2‰. The results suggest that the dissolved ammonium in the pore water is produced from bacterial degradation of marine organic matter. The range of δ15N values for total nitrogen in the sediment is interpreted as resulting from an admixture of nitrogen derived from marine (+10‰) and terrestrial (+2‰ marines. The marine component of this mixture, composed principally of calcium carbonate with smaller amounts of opal and organic matter, contains ∼ 1.0% nitrogen. The terrestrial component, which comprises over 80% of the sediment, contains ∼ 0.1% organically bound nitrogen and accounts for > 25% of the total nitrogen in Santa Barbara Basin sediment.
Model of growth and coalescence of two collinear cracks in a viscoelastic body

For the plane problem of linear viscoelasticity, a model of propagation and coalescence of two collinear cracks is proposed. We have constructed the model within the framework of the theory of propagation of cracks in a viscoelastic environment. As an illustration of using the model, we have obtained time dependences of the coordinates of the ends of the cracks for a wide range of parameters of the model, among which are geometric parameters of the problem, intensity of internal load, and crack-resistance parameters.
Medical education and the role of computers—as seen through the eyes of a medical student

The medical education system that currently exists depends more and more on the memory of the physician-in-training as the medical database expands. While the brain has been engineered to reason and conceptualize, its capacity to memorize is limited and remains unchanged as the growth of medical knowledge continues. While we are exploring the frontiers of modern medicine, we must also explore new methods of training. An educational system that is efficient and practical must be developed, and the computer should assume a vital role in replacing the memorization of seldom used, but clinically important information. This would enable students to focus on clinical applications, and advance the development of reasoning skills that are essential in medicine: MEDICAL EDUCATION AND COMPUTERS.
Effect of actinomycin D on rat lens protein synthesis

The influence of actinomycin D over the incorporation of uridine into RNA and amino acids into protein (in vitro) was determined. Uridine incorporation was inhibited by 20- to 30-fold in the insoluble RNA but only by two- to fourfold in the microsomal and soluble RNA fractions. Amino acid incorporation into all three corresponding protein fractions was inhibited three- or fourfold. No conclusion as to the stability of so-called “messenger RNA” could be reached from these data. It was found that RNA synthesis associated with polyribosomes was not entirely inhibited by actinomycin D, nor was polyribosomal protein synthesis.
Biomechanics of cell interactions in shear fields.

Cellular interactions play a key role in diverse biological processes within the cardiovascular system. Targeting of leukocytes to sites of inflammation is viewed as a multistage process of sequential involvement of distinct adhesion molecules on the leukocyte and endothelial cell (EC) surface that is dictated by the local fluid dynamic environment. For neutrophils, the initial contact and rolling along the vessel wall are mediated primarily by selecting. Subsequent firm adhesion requires activation of neutrophil P, integrins and binding to their ligand ICAM-1 on the EC surface. The final step of this cascade of events includes neutrophil transmigration to extravascular tissue space. The neutrophil model of emigration in inflammation has been extended and refined to account for monocyte and T cell interactions with ECs. Platelet adhesion to thrombogenic surfaces (i.e. immobilized von Willebrand factor) under flow follows the general principles of leukocyte extravasation. More specifically, platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha appears to mediate an initial selectin-like tethering platelet-vWf interaction, followed by alpha II beta beta 3 integrin activation and firm adhesion. Some of the signaling mechanisms associated with cellular interactions in inflammatory and thrombotic processes are discussed. These basic principles are also discussed in the context of tissue engineering research.
Effects of composition on dislocation microstructure and stress in Si-doped AlxGa1−xN

The stress evolution of Si-doped AlxGa1−xN epilayers with x ranging from 0 to 0.62 was examined using an in situ wafer curvature measurement technique. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the effects of Si concentration and composition on defect microstructure. It was found that the density of edge-type threading dislocations (TDs) increased with increasing x, corresponding to the evolution of higher magnitudes of tensile stress, attributed to TD inclination. The results are discussed in the context of proposed inclination mechanisms that feature jog formation as the process leading to TD inclination.
Antin Semenovych Makarenko: Renowned Educator or Apparatchik?

Antin S. Makarenko has been hailed in the Soviet Union as a leading educator and theoretician. His Pedagogical Poem helps us to understand the history of the development of the Soviet education system, its philosophical and ideological foundations. It is nearly impossible to understand current ideological assumptions of Soviet education without acknowledging Makarenko's profound contributions. He was described by Maxim Gorky as an educator of the new type. Those who extol Makarenko's contributions today acknowledge that he was not 'an armchair' ideologist, but an activist, 'a doer'. His main 'dogmas' are still the foundations of Soviet education. They can be summarized briefly as follows: The 'a priori' unquestionable acceptance of the primacy of the communist ideology and leadership; the main goal of education as the upbringing of 'a new person', a builder of communist society; importance of a collective (the concept elaborated by Makarenko) in education and formation of 'new socialist personality'. The ...
Personality characteristics of volunteer subjects.

Two personality types, the Socially Oriented and the Intellectually Oriented, represented among female college undergraduate volunteers, showed differential rates of volunteering in favor of the Intellectually Oriented type. The personality dynamics of these types accord well with findings reported in the literature regarding the characteristics of volunteers and non-volunteers. The need for a systematic consideration of personality bias in sampling was pointed to.
Energy metabolism in healing skin wounds.

Abstract Wounded skin exhibits increased glucose utilization and lactate production. The repairing epithelium is maintained by energy (ATP) obtained mainly (70%) from the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and partially (30%) through the pathways in mitochondria. The contribution of the Krebs cycle to glucose metabolism is less in wounded than in normal skin. The decrease in energy production per unit of glucose is overcome by the increased metabolic rate. The increased activity of pentose cycle during wound healing provides substances needed for lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. Steady-state contents of ATP and reduced pyridine nucleotides are increased in wounded skin; migrating epithelium contains more energy and cofactors than proliferating or maturing epithelium.
Fiscal impact rationale for local growth management

This paper analyzes the current tendency of local communities to control or manage their rate of population growth. After outlining three components of the rationale for growth management, the paper proceeds to examine the fiscal aspects of growth management. Based upon the theory of clubs and threshold analysis, a model is developed which illustrates that the fiscal impacts of the provision of local infrastructure are largely responsible for motivating growth management behavior.
Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the third ventricle. Case report

✓ Ectopic pituitary adenomas without associated intrasellar adenomas are rare and are usually located in the sphenoid sinus. Most have been reported without modern radiological, endocrinological, or electron microscopic (EM) documentation. The case of a 47-year-old man with a third ventricular, ectopic, clinically non-secretory pituitary adenoma, which was shown to be a gonadotrophic adenoma by immunohistochemical and EM study, is reported. Neurological examination, extensive neurodiagnostic imaging, surgical anatomical observation, and endocrinological evaluation showed no evidence of neoplasia outside the third ventricle.
Program review and institutional effectiveness

Program reviews have multiple purposes and designs. While focused on units within the college, the compilation of reviews also provides evidence of institutional effectiveness.
Two-dimensional simulation of a pulsed-power electronegative discharge

A two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model was developed to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of a pulsed power (square-wave modulated) inductively coupled electronegative (chlorine) discharge. The coupled equations for plasma power deposition, electron temperature, and charged and neutral species densities were solved simultaneously to capture the spatio-temporal evolution of the discharge. Simulation results showed separation of the plasma into an electronegative core and an electropositive edge during the active glow (power on) fraction of the cycle, and the formation of a positive ion/negative ion (ion-ion) plasma in the afterglow (power off) fraction of the cycle. During the early active glow, the negative ion flux is convection dominated near the quartz window under the planar coil of the ICP reactor. This is due to the emergence of relatively large electrostatic fields, leading to a self-sharpening negative ion front propagating into the plasma.
Bridging across cognitive training and brain plasticity: a neurally inspired computational model of interactive skill learning

This article reviews recent empirical and brain imaging data on effects of cognitive training methods on complex interactive skill learning, and presents a neurally inspired computational model that characterizes the effects of these training methods. In particular, the article focuses on research that shows that variable priority training (VPT), which requires learners to shift their priorities to different task components during training, often leads to better acquisition and retention of skills than fixed priority training (FPT). However, there is only weak evidence that shows that VPT can enhance transfer of complex interactive skills to untrained situations. Brain imaging studies show that VPT leads to significantly lower activations and a higher reduction of activities in attentional control areas after training than FPT. Research also shows that the volume of the striatum predicts the learning effects, but only in VPT. The computational model, developed based on learning mechanisms at the neural level, bridges across the empirical and the braining imaging results by explaining the effects of VPT and FPT at both the behavioral and neural levels. The results were discussed in the context of previous findings on cognitive training. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:225-236. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1214 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
New Malignancies After Blood or Marrow Stem-Cell Transplantation in Children and Adults: Incidence and Risk Factors

Purpose: To determine the incidence and risk factors for the development of new malignancies occurring after stem-cell transplantation (SCT). Patients: Between January 1, 1974, and March 31, 2001, 3,372 patients underwent SCT at the University of Minnesota. From these transplants, 147 posttransplant malignancies (PTMs) were identified in 137 patients. Results: Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers (n = 19) and carcinoma-in-situ (n = 5), the remaining 123 cases represented an 8.1-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7 to 9.6) increased risk of a PTM, an excess risk of 102.7 cases/10,000 persons/yr (age and sex adjusted). This includes a significantly elevated risk for developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 300; 95% CI, 210 to 406), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD; SIR = 54.3; 95% CI, 39.5 to 41.1), Hodgkin’s disease (SIR = 14.8; 95% CI, 3.9 to 32.9), or solid tumors overall (SIR = 2.8; C...
Crime, policing and the perception of neighborhood safety

Abstract Crime is a powerful political issue in urban America, but policies to abate crime pose difficult trade-offs for governments. Given the high costs of policing and the multiplicity of other pressing needs for scarce budgets, it is imperative that spending be directed as efficaciously as possible: governments wish, that is, to direct spending toward geographical areas and crimes where the public feels most concerned or threatened. Unfortunately, little systematic information is available about how individuals form a conception of neighborhood safety, or how the demand for police services relates to the occurrence of crime in their area. This paper reports on an exploratory analysis of that question. The study combines approaches from economics (to estimate marginal willingness to pay for publicly provided police services), political science (the spatial analysis of voting data), and geography (using GIS techniques to test alternative specifications of the relationship between crime and demand for police services). Whilst the application of GIS techniques fosters a more realistic formulation of the analytical question, it also reveals ambiguities in both the theory and method used in earlier work. Using census tract-level data on crime rates and voting on an initiative to increase taxes to pay for police services, our analysis shows that the public is more willing to pay for the abatement of violent crime than property crime. But even this inference is sensitive to assumptions about how individuals gather and process information concerning the frequency and severity of crime in their local area. We specify a range of information-processing models, and draw inferences for further research.
Arcs between moving electrodes

A NEW technique has been developed for studying characteristics of high-current arcs. The method consists of moving one electrode in the form of a steel tape at a high speed relative to the other electrode in the form of a rod. A d-c arc is drawn between the two electrodes.
Low Vp/Vs ratios in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Sea of Okhotsk inferred from teleseismic pMP, sMP, and sMS underside reflections from the Moho

[1] Teleseismic ground motion recordings of deep earthquakes often contain clear seismic wave reflections from the free surface above the source (pP, sP, sS), with isolated precursors (pMP, sMP, and sMS) produced by underside reflections from the Moho (the crust-mantle boundary) below the free surface reflection points. The waveforms of the depth phases and their precursors are readily modeled, providing constraints, for steep angles of incidence, on integrated two-way crustal travel times and Moho shear and compressional impedance contrasts above deep earthquake source regions. We model surface reflection waveforms in stacks of three-component, long-period WWSSN and digital broadband seismograms for signals traversing the crust and upper mantle beneath the Sea of Okhotsk, which overlies deep earthquakes in the subducted Kurile slab. The crust beneath most of the Sea of Okhotsk is 19–25 km thick, indicating a submerged continental margin, with minor crustal thinning toward the Kuril back-arc basin, where thin oceanic crust is found. Modeling pMP and sMS phases that sample the same subregion provides tight constraints on the Vp/Vs ratio in the crust and uppermost mantle (assuming common density structure and consistent crustal thickness for P and S waves); the absolute velocities are not constrained by the data. We find unusually low Vp/Vs ratios in the range 1.6–1.7 for the uppermost mantle under the Sea of Okhotsk and comparably low average Vp/Vs ratios for the crust in several regions. The presence of fluids and extensive silica enrichment, possibly involving low-temperature veining, are viable explanations for the anomalous Vp/Vs ratios; this may represent an important process of continentalization taking place landward from the volcanic arc in subduction zones.
The fatal attraction between pro-prion and filamin A: prion as a marker in human cancers

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cancer causing deaths in the USA, with more than 30,000 deaths per year. The overall median survival for all pancreatic cancer is 6 months and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. This dismal outcome reflects the inefficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents, as well as the lack of an early diagnostic marker. A protein known as prion (PrP) is expressed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. However, in these cell lines, the PrP is incompletely processed and exists as pro-PrP. The pro-PrP binds to a molecule inside the cell, filamin A (FLNa), which is an integrator of cell signaling and mechanics. The binding of pro-PrP to FLNa disrupts the normal functions of FLNa, altering the cell’s cytoskeleton and signal transduction machineries. As a result, the tumor cells grow more aggressively. Approximately 40% of patients with pancreatic cancer express PrP in their cancer. These patients have significantly shorter survival compared with patients whose pancreatic cancers lack PrP. Therefore, expression of pro-PrP and its binding to FLNa provide a growth advantage to pancreatic cancers. In this article, we discuss the following points: the biology of PrP, the consequences of binding of pro-PrP to FLNa in pancreatic cancer, the detection of pro-PrP in other cancers, the potential of using pro-PrP as a diagnostic marker, and prevention of the binding between pro-PrP and FLNa as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancers.
The Application of Data Cubes in Business Data Visualization

Data cubes are used in online analytical processing (OLAP) systems to support decision making. Constructed from base business data, this interactive visualization system introduces a conditional 1D cuboid hierarchical tree structure to represent data cubes and use 2D graphical icons to illustrate data elements. Users can then interactively explore multidimensional data in hierarchical levels.
A variational formulation of relativistic hydrodynamics

We combine Taub's and Ray's variational approaches to relativistic hydrodynamics of perfect fluids into another simple formulation.
Using Problem-Based Learning Scenarios to Prepare Nursing Students to Address Incivility

Abstract Introduction Incivility may be a problem for nursing students as they progress through their nursing education and enter the workplace. Nursing faculty are challenged to construct meaningful learning experiences to address the problem and consequences of incivility. Method A problem-based learning scenario and Kirkpatrick's model for evaluation were used to address incivility and the "reality shock" between what students learn about the practice of nursing and the interactions they may experience in the workplace. Results Students expressed a favorable reaction to the scenario and reported being better prepared to address incivility in the workplace. Conclusions Problem-based learning scenarios are an effective teaching strategy for instructing nursing students on the topic of incivility.
Sharing science: The state of institutional repositories in Ghana

Scientists around the world benefit from sharing scientific data, lab notes, and preliminary papers, as well as traditional, formal scientific papers. Institutional repositories (IR) are open spaces for scientists to deposit their work. Doing so could potentially spark new collaborations, allowing scientists and scholars to build cross-institutional capacity. However, scientists must trust that the repository is secure, and they must understand copyright law and protections. Many African nations are at a crossroads: poised to solve major problems with well-trained scientists, yet stymied by expensive and unpredictable ICT. Many African scientists are also wary of the Internet due to rampant scams and fraud. This paper describes current African ICT development, reports on findings from a study about ICT, databases, and IRs in Ghana, and concludes with recommendations for expanding the use of IRs.
Marijuana intoxication in rats: interruption of recent memory and effect on brain concentration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Rats exposed to marijuana smoke injected into a chamber immediately after passive avoidance training, showed a significant failure to perform the conditioned avoidance response 24 hr. later. A deli...
Techniques of ileoanal anastomosis: historical evolution, refinements, and current approaches

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouchanal anastomosis is the surgical option favoured by most in the definitive treatment of mucosal ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Throughout this century, the operation has evolved from a concept to a very refined procedure which cures the underlying colorectal disease, restores bowel function and promises a quality of life superior to that of other surgical options. Each component of the operation whether it be the design of the reservoir or the necessity for a temporary ileostomy has been the subject of some degree of controversy, but the most debated aspect remains whether a transanal mucosectomy is detrimental and what type of ileoanal anastomosis is preferable, i.e. hand sewn to dentate line area or stapled at the level of proctectomy. This debate has arisen in part to simplify the operation, and in part to try to minimize complications and improve function, especially nighttime incontinence. The advantages and disadvantages of each current approach are reviewed and conclusions drawn from our own experience and that of others. Further research will be needed to improve continence and clarify the nature of pouchitis, which may in turn lead to the discovery of the cause of ulcerative colitis.