cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL

Concentrated insulin analogs have recently been approved and are available for clinical use in the management of diabetes mellitus. One new product is insulin glargine U-300 (Sanofi), a basal concentrated insulin of 300 U/mL. Several studies have been conducted and completed evaluating blood samples for the pharmacokinetics of insulin glargine U-300 and euglycemic clamp procedures for the pharmacodynamics. This concentrated insulin has a low within-day variability and high day-to-day reproducibility, allowing for a more constant and prolonged duration of action, compared with insulin glargine U-100 (100 U/mL). Insulin glargine U-300 is equally effective, when compared with insulin glargine U-100 for glycemic control in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin glargine U-300 has a similar efficacy profile to insulin glargine U-100 for glycemic control, yet with lower rates of nocturnal and severe hypoglycemia. Insulin glargine U-300 can be considered an acceptable basal insulin for patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, and it has a potential role among patients who are naive to insulin therapy or require titration of basal insulin. Titration of insulin glargine U-300 would result in less volume and a lower risk of hypoglycemia, compared with insulin glargine U-100. This article evaluates and summarizes the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine U-300, for patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, and summarizes its application to clinical practice.
A Psychologist and a Software Developer

Psychologists have a diverse set of skills, including communication, research, interpersonal perception, diagnosis, psychotherapy, and consultation. An emerging skill for psychologists is software development. This chapter describes how I have used software development in my professional work as a psychologist. My development work has ranged from a tutorial system to teach Rorschach scoring methods, an ethics case-study simulator, mobile applications to help psychotherapists evaluate psychotherapy outcome and alliance, psychometrics-based consulting work with independent colleges, and a competency assessment system to help doctoral programs monitor the effectiveness of their training. Though the initial challenges of learning a computer language may seem daunting, a number of online resources are helpful for psychologists desiring to learn software development.
Resource Selection by Greater Sage-Grouse Reveals Preference for Mechanically-Altered Habitats

ABSTRACT Effective conservation requires an understanding of how species respond to management actions. For species of conservation concern such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), this understanding is urgently needed. We developed resource selection functions to assess the influence of mechanical treatments of mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata vaseyana) on habitat selection by greater sage-grouse during the critical brooding period. We measured multiple vegetation components, including shrub, grass, and forb cover, at random locations before and after sagebrush treatments. We then used model selection and a 19-yr telemetry data set (1998–2016) to evaluate response of greater sage-grouse to treatments. Statistical models were built using 418 locations from 72 females with broods (333 locations, 61 females pretreatment; 85 locations, 11 females post treatment). Using a difference in means comparison, we found shrub canopy cover decreased (mean ± SE) from 31.81% ± 0.70% to 16.16%...
Capital One Financial Corporation: Response Modeling

This case describes the use of response modeling at Capital One. Response modeling refers to the building of models to forecast the likelihood a prospect will respond to a direct solicitation. The use of response modeling is one component of the Capital One information-based marketing strategy. A data set is available from the author; it affords students the opportunity to try their hand at response modeling and to receive a "score" based on how will their chosen solicitation strategy fared. Excerpt UVA-M-0507 CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION: RESPONSE MODELING Signet Banking Corporation, a regional bank based in Richmond, Virginia, offered its first bank card in the 1950s, making it the oldest continuously operating bank-card issuer in the United States. In 1988, the credit card division had over one million cardholders and $ 1.25 billion in outstanding loans. Shortly thereafter, the division hired Nigel W. Morris and Richard D. Fairbank, two principals of a consulting group that had devised a new strategy for marketing credit cards. Under their guidance, the division experienced explosive growth. In February of 1995, Signet spun off its card business as Capital One Financial Corporation with Fairbank as CEO and Morris as president. In June of 1995, Capital One was the 10th largest credit card company in the United States with 6 million cardholders and $ 9 billion in outstanding loan balances. By 1996, Capital One was widely recognized as one of three “category killers” in the credit card business. A key component of the Capital One strategy involved collecting and maintaining individual-level data to support a variety of modeling efforts. The results of these modeling efforts were used to improve the efficiency with which Capital One acquired and managed its portfolio of bank-card accounts. Response modeling was one key component of this information-based strategy. Response Modeling . . .
Remote Ischemic Conditioning May Improve Outcomes of Patients With Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease.

Background and Purpose— We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease. Methods— Thirty patients with cerebral small-vessel disease–related mild cognitive impairment were enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled study for 1 year. Besides routine medical treatment, participants were randomized into the experimental group (n=14) undergoing 5 cycles consisting of ischemia followed by reperfusion for 5 minutes on both upper limbs twice daily for 1 year or the control group (n=16) who were treated with sham ischemia–reperfusion cycles. The primary outcome was the change of brain lesions, and secondary outcomes were changes of cognitive function, plasma biomarkers, and cerebral hemodynamic parameters both at baseline and at the end of 1-year follow-up. Results— Compared with pretreatment, the post-treatment white matter hyperintensities volume in the RIC group was significantly reduced (9.10±7.42 versus 6.46±6.05 cm 3 ; P =0.020), whereas no significant difference was observed in the sham-RIC group (8.99±6.81 versus 8.07±6.56 cm 3 ; P =0.085). The reduction of white matter hyperintensities volume in the RIC group was more substantial than that in sham group (−2.632 versus −0.935 cm 3 ; P =0.049). No significant difference was found in the change of the number of lacunes between 2 groups (0 versus 0; P =0.694). A significant treatment difference at 1 year on visuospatial and executive ability was found between the 2 groups (0.639 versus 0.191; P =0.048). RIC showed greater effects compared with sham-RIC on plasma triglyceride (−0.433 versus 0.236 mmol/L; P =0.005), total cholesterol (−0.975 versus 0.134 mmol/L; P P =0.034), and homocysteine (−4.737 versus −1.679 µmol/L; P =0.044). Changes of the pulsation indices of middle cerebral arteries from the baseline to 1 year were different between the 2 groups (right: −0.075 versus 0.043; P =0.030; left: −0.085 versus 0.043; P =0.010). Conclusions— RIC seems to be potentially effective in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease in slowing cognition decline and reducing white matter hyperintensities. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01658306.
Preferences for moral vs. immoral traits in others are conditional.

The preference for morality in others is regarded as a dominant factor in person perception. Moral traits are thought to foster liking, and immoral traits are thought to foster disliking, irrespective of the context in which they are embedded. We report the results of four studies that oppose this view. Using both explicit and implicit measures, we found that the preference for morality vs. immorality in others is conditional on the evaluator’s current goals. Specifically, when immorality was conducive to participants’ current goals, the preference for moral vs. immoral traits in others was eliminated or reversed. The preferences for mercifulness vs. mercilessness (experiment 1), honesty vs. dishonesty (experiment 2), sexual fidelity vs. infidelity (experiment 3), and altruism vs. selfishness (experiment 4) were all found to be conditional. These findings oppose the consensus view that people have a dominant preference for moral vs. immoral traits in others. Our findings also speak to nativist and empiricist theories of social preferences and the stability of the “social contract” underlying productive human societies.
Cosmopolitan Crossings:: The Architecture of Begum Samrū

Between 1805 and 1836, the wealthy dowager ruler Begum Samrū built two large mansions and a Catholic church in North India. In both the makeup of her court and the character of her architecture, the begum9s choices reflected her cosmopolitanism. The bishop of her church was from Rome, her closest political allies were English, and her main advisers were Indian. Her architecture, similarly, combined neoclassical facades and Italianate porticoes with Islamic detailing such as muqarnas and Mughal pietra dura ; Indian elements such as hammams (bathhouses) sat alongside European-style salons. In Cosmopolitan Crossings: The Architecture of Begum Samrū , Mrinalini Rajagopalan analyzes the begum9s architecture as a form of strategic cosmopolitanism—a kind of sociopolitical cunning that allowed Begum Samrū to reimagine the dichotomies between masculine and feminine spaces, domestic and political realms, and European and Indian decor while combining local religiosity with global networks of piety. Indeed, architecture was a key mechanism through which the begum consolidated power in the fraught political climate of nineteenth-century India.
Further discussion on newly developed failure criteria for fibrous composites

Recently, a new set of failure criteria was proposed by the authors (Kwon and Darcy in Multiscale Multidiscip Model Exp Des 1(1):3–17, 2018), which was based on a multiscale modeling technique. The failure criteria used stress and strain values at the constituent material levels. This paper presented the failure criteria in terms of a general framework for any reinforced composite material. The paper also discussed progressive failure modeling of laminated composite structures as local materials fail based on the failure criteria until the ultimate failure of the structure. To further validate the proposed failure modeling technique, experiments were conducted to obtain the failure data of filament-wound composite cylinders subjected to internal pressure loading. The test data were also compared to the numerical predictions.
Early vs. Late Vision: The Role of Early Vision in Spatial Reference Systems:

Support for the hypothesis that the early visual experience of adventitiously blind persons gives them a visual frame of reference after the onset of blindness is found in studies of tactual form d...
Coaching from the sidelines: the nuclear periphery in genome regulation

The genome is packaged and organized nonrandomly within the 3D space of the nucleus to promote efficient gene expression and to faithfully maintain silencing of heterochromatin. The genome is enclosed within the nucleus by the nuclear envelope membrane, which contains a set of proteins that actively participate in chromatin organization and gene regulation. Technological advances are providing views of genome organization at unprecedented resolution and are beginning to reveal the ways that cells co-opt the structures of the nuclear periphery for nuclear organization and gene regulation. These genome regulatory roles of proteins of the nuclear periphery have important influences on development, disease and ageing.
Abstract 346: E2F8 induces proliferation and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and notch signaling pathways in ovarian cancer

Purpose: Recent research has investigated the role of E2F8 in cancer progression. However, whether the progression of ovarian cancer involves E2F8 remains to be elucidated. In this study, the bio-functional consequences of E2F8 knockdown in vitro and in vivo were explored. Experimental Design: E2F8 expression was compared between ovarian cancer and non-cancer tissues, and the association between E2F8 expression and progression-free survival in ovarian cancer patients was analyzed. To demonstrate the function of E2F8 in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, RNA interference was employed to suppress E2F8 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Finally, the effect of E2F8-knockdown was investigated in an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model. Results: Ovarian cancer tissue exhibited significantly higher E2F8 expression than normal ovarian tissue. Clinical data confirmed that E2F8 was a significant predictor of progression-free survival, and ovarian cancer patients with high E2F8 expression exhibited poorer prognosis than patients with low E2F8 expression. In vitro experiments using E2F8-knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines showed that E2F8 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and tumor invasion. Additionally, E2F8 was a potent inducer and modulator of the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch signaling pathway-related markers. We confirmed the function of E2F8 in vivo, demonstrating that E2F8-knockdown was significantly correlated with reduced tumor size and weight. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that E2F8 is highly correlated with ovarian cancer progression; hence, E2F8 may be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ovarian malignancy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Kyung Jin Eoh, Jong Woo Lee, Young Tae Kim, Peter Jaseok Koo. E2F8 induces proliferation and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and notch signaling pathways in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 346.
Risk factors for auricular hematoma and recurrence after drainage

Objectives/hypothesis To review an institutional experience with auricular hematoma across all clinical settings including the emergency department (ED) and outpatient clinics at an urban tertiary care academic hospital, characterize practice patterns across setting and specialty, and assess for factors predictive of treatment success. Methods Patients presenting to the ED, admitted to an inpatient ward, or seen in the outpatient setting between 2000 and 2017 with a diagnosis of auricular hematoma were reviewed. A number of relevant patient features including demographic factors, medications, and social risk factors were analyzed, as were several factors related to the presentation and management of the hematoma to identify variables of clinical significance. Results A total of 87 individual cases were identified. Auricular hematomas most commonly occurred in males after sports-related trauma (e.g., martial arts, wrestling, boxing). Factors associated with lower rates of recurrence included initial treatment by or in consultation with an otolaryngologist and application of a bolster dressing. Conclusions In our cohort, initial management of auricular hematoma by an otolaryngologist or with an otolaryngology consultation and placement of a bolster dressing was associated with lower rates of hematoma recurrence. Level of evidence 2b Laryngoscope, 130:628-631, 2020.
Automatic Correction of Pixel-dependent Noise: Towards the Ideal sCMOS Camera

sCMOS cameras are very appealing for fluorescence microscopy but they suffer from high readout noise. We propose a non-iterative, fast, and unsupervised algorithm that erases sCMOS noise without losing the quantitative information of fluorescence signal.
A qualitative analysis of meaning-making and mental health among OIF/OEF veterans.

OBJECTIVE After combat, veterans may experience mental health symptomology and attempt to make meaning from their experiences. The present study qualitatively examined the mental health effects of deployment and meaning-making among Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) or Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans. METHOD OIF/OEF veterans who were exposed to combat (N = 14) participated in semi-structured interviews to assess how their perspectives had changed post-deployment. Most participants (86%) were male, with a mean age of 30. RESULTS Veterans described issues post-combat that caused psychological distress or promoted distancing from others. Veterans also discussed factors that could promote or hinder meaning-making, including perceptions of growth, changed global beliefs, and disillusionment. Finally, veterans described psychological reactions to death, which could be related to moral injury. CONCLUSION Mental health concerns, meaning-making, and consideration of mortality appear to characterize veterans' experiences post-deployment. These constructs may be important for clinicians to consider when working with OIF/OEF veterans.
The Case for Investing in Young Children: Contributions of the INCAP Longitudinal Study.

This article highlights the important contributions that the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama longitudinal study has made to global development efforts. The studies have made a ...
Persons in Insurance 4.0

Persons are essential in insurance 4.0, as in other organizational activities. It is necessary to manage talents and cultural modernization with the same rigor as technology modernization. Talent- and culture-related aspects are top challenges when moving to insurance 4.0. Insurance 4.0 is an attempt to transform also the workforce. It is a successful way to make work more social, vibrant, productive, effective, and efficient. Insurance 4.0 requires new job profiles, such as data scientists. On the other side, it is also essential to retrain current staff. Few organizations undertake talent transformations. This chapter focuses on training 4.0 and new competencies. This process should start by taking an inventory of the competencies of the current employees. It is essential to compare the results with the competencies that the company needs to have to be an insurance 4.0. Understanding the gaps can help executives in directing talent-development efforts to where they will be most useful. Consistent with this view, training 4.0 is essential both for the new generations of employees and also for supporting the work transformation in the current workforce and management.
Amphiphilic, thixotropic additives for extrusion-based 3D printing of silica-reinforced silicone

The ability to utilize extrusion-based, direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing to create silica-reinforced silicones with complex structures could expand their utility in industrial and biomedical applications. Sylgard 184, a common Pt-cure silicone, lacks the thixotropic behavior necessary for effective printing and its hydrophobicity renders cured structures susceptible to biofouling. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of various PEO-silane amphiphiles (PEO-SAs) as thixotropic and surface modifying additives in Sylgard 184. Eight amphiphilic PEO-SAs of varying architecture (e.g. linear, star, and graft), crosslinkability, and PEO content were evaluated. Modified formulations were also prepared with additional amounts of silica filler, both hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-treated and dimethyldichlorosilane (DiMeDi)-treated types. Numerous PEO-SA modified silicone formulations demonstrated effective water-driven surface hydrophilicity that was generally diminished with the addition of HMDS-treated silica filler. While increased yield stress was observed for PEO-SA modified silicones with added HMDS-treated filler, none achieved the initial target for 3D printing (>1000 Pa). Only the formulations containing the DiMeDi-treated filler (17.3 wt%) were able to surpass this value. These formulations were then tested for their thixotropic properties and all surpassed the targets for recovered storage modulus (G′) (>1000 Pa) and loss factor (<0.8). In particular, the triblock linear PEO-SA produced exceptionally high recovered G′, low loss factor, and substantial water-driven restructuring to form a hydrophilic surface. Combined, these results demonstrate the potential of silicones modified with PEO-SA surface-modifying additives (SMAs) for extrusion-based, DIW 3D printing applications.
Abstract 921: Novel clinical targets revealed by kinome reprogramming in mutant ESR1 metastatic breast cancer

Background: Approximately half of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer who undergo adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) develop disease progression and metastasis. Studies have revealed that up to 40% of metastatic patients develop tumors bearing a mutation in ESR1. ESR1 mutant (ESR1m) tumors are associated with a more aggressive metastatic disease course. Studies have shown that cancers can undergo “kinome reprogramming” in response to therapy and acquired genetic alterations within the tumor. Thus, we hypothesize that expression of ESR1 mutations induces kinome reprogramming, which presents novel potential therapeutic targets to selectively treat ESR1m metastatic breast cancer. Methods: We performed Kinobeads Precipitation (KiP) using broad specificity kinase inhibitors to capture and quantify by MS the level of active kinases in MCF-7 ESR1 wild-type and ESR1 Y537S mutant cells. We performed targeted siRNA screens and immunoblots to validate the hyperactivity of several of these kinases. Specific kinase inhibitors are being used to test their effects on proliferation and invasion in vitro, and in ex vivo organoid growth assays. Xenograft models are being used to evaluate the effects of the inhibitors on primary tumor growth and distant metastasis. Results: Hyperactivation of 169 kinases in ESR1m cells was revealed by KiP analysis. Hyperactivation of several growth factor receptors, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and the JAK/STAT pathway was demonstrated in Y537S mutant cells. We tested specific inhibitors of these pathways, and have shown that the mutant cells have reduced proliferation when these pathways are targeted. We developed organoid growth assays using primary and metastatic tumors from MCF-7 and T47D Y537S ESR1 xenograft tumors, and the Y537S ESR1 WHIM20 PDX model, and found that ET in combination with these selected targeted kinase inhibitors decreased the growth of organoids. We are currently testing inhibitors in combination with ET in vivo, and preliminary results demonstrate a significant inhibition of distant metastatic frequency. These results suggest that selective inhibition of hyperactivated “reprogrammed” kinase pathways can restore ET sensitivity in ESR1m tumors, and may show promise for use in ER-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Derek Dustin, Guowei Gu, Doug Chan, Amanda Beyer, David Edwards, Arnoldo Corona-Rodriguez, Matthew Ellis, Suzanne Fuqua. Novel clinical targets revealed by kinome reprogramming in mutant ESR1 metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 921.
Appendectomy on Board a Submarine by a Pharmacist's Mate Under the South China Sea During World War II.

A historical review and case report of the first appendectomy ever performed on a submarine 120 feet below sea level and far behind enemy lines during World War II. This case history will be told u...
Understanding the Link Between Social Skills and Phone Use

Smartphones took the world by storm in the 2000s. Over the years, smartphones have become vital in everyday life. Each generation responds to technology differently. The younger generation is much more involved with smartphones as well as technology as a whole. Thus, spending too much time on a smartphone could be related to individual’s well-being. The purpose of the present study is to measure Emotional Intelligence (EI), mindfulness, and social competence among different age cohorts and see if there are differences in phone use. Our hypothesis is that participants who score higher on EI, Social Skills, and Mindfulness will score lower on the Problematic Phone Usage Scale. Younger adults will score lower on EI, Social Skills, and Mindfulness and higher on Problematic Phone Usage than middle aged and older adults. We ran correlational analyses among, mindfulness, social competence, and problematic phone usage and an ex-post facto comparison between the four cohorts with ages ranging 18-30 (n=105), 31-40 years old (n= 30), 41-50 (n= 30), and 51 and older (n= 21). Survey questions included the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form (TEIQ-SF), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, Social Competence, and Problematic Phone Usage Scale. Data showed that as age increased phone use decreased. EI, mindfulness, and social competence scores for younger adults were much lower than for middle aged and older adults while younger adults had a significantly larger problematic phone use than middle aged.
Safety of Intra-articular Hip Corticosteroid Injections: A Matched-Pair Cohort Study:

Background:Recent studies have suggested there is an increased risk of avascular necrosis (AVN), subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF), femoral head collapse, and osteoarthritis (OA) progression...
Arab Christians in British Mandate Palestine: Communalism and Nationalism, 1917-1948

Recent conflict in the Middle East has caused some observers to ask if Muslims and Christians can ever coexist. History suggests that relations between those two groups are not predetermined, but are the product of particular social and political circumstances. This book examines Muslim-Christian relations during an earlier period of political and social upheaval and explores the process of establishing new forms of national and religious identification.
How do attention, intention, and consciousness interact?

This talk will discuss how brain processes of attention, intention, and consciousness differ but interact. It will show how recent neural models that link brain processes to behavioral experiences clarify these interactions. The talk will, in particular, discuss some of the phenomena illustrating dissociations between attention and consciousness that were summarized in the article of Koch and Tsuchiya (2007). Supported in part by CELEST, an NSF Science of Learning Center (SBE-0354378) and by the SyNAPSE program of DARPA (HR0011-09-C-0001).
Spinal cord injury induced by a cervical spinal cord stimulator.

Objective: The use of cervical spinal cord stimulators for the treatment of refractory neck and upper extremity pain is widely accepted and growing in use as a treatment modality. This case highlights a previously unreported potential complication of spinal cord stimulators. Methods: Analysis of a patient with a cervical spinal cord stimulator presenting with a spinal cord injury. Patient was followed from presentation in the emergency room until 1-year follow-up in the office. Results: The patient in this case presented after a fall and sustained a cervical spinal cord injury induced by the electrodes of her spinal cord stimulator working as a space occupying mass. Conclusion: As more patients are undergoing implantation of spinal cord stimulators we must be aware of the long-term risks that can be encountered.
A Speakers' Corner Under the Sun

Advances in spread spectrum and other multiplexing techniques for wireless communications open the possibility that millions of users could use a wireless commons as their infrastructure of first and last resort for many of their communications. In such a wireless commons no organization, private or governmental, owns the infrastructure or clears competing uses, but rather end users coordinate their uses through equipment-embedded collision avoidance and congestion control protocols. This paper explores why a communications environment that includes a wireless commons would be normatively preferable, in liberal democracies, to an environment in which all infrastructure is owned and centrally managed by either private or government bodies. The paper focuses on a comparison of the relative susceptibility to centralization of control over information flows presented by three competing approaches to regulating infrastructure: a pure private property regime, common carriage, and open access spectrum. I suggest that just as public sidewalks, squares and parks served as important platforms for local political discourse, a widely accessible public domain communications infrastructure can play a vital role in a digitally networked, democratic, information society.
Effect of oxygen stoichiometry on the vortex-glass phase transition in YBa2Cu3O7- delta thin films.

A series of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ epitaxial thin films were prepared with values of \ensuremath{\delta} ranging from 0.05 to 0.65. Electric field as a function of current-density isotherms could be scaled to a universal scaling function over the full \ensuremath{\delta} range and the critical parameters determined were nearly independent of \ensuremath{\delta}. The vortex-glass phase-transition temperature was determined as a function of magnetic field at all of the values of \ensuremath{\delta} studied and the phase boundary was observed to broaden with \ensuremath{\delta}. Based on determinations of the ratio of the zero-temperature coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{c}0}$ to c-axis lattice parameter using normal-state fluctuation conductivity, the anisotropy was shown to increase with \ensuremath{\delta} while ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{c}0}$ decreases from 1.6 to 0.8 \AA{} as \ensuremath{\delta} ranges from 0.05 to 0.37.
Hypercoagulability associated with chronic ulcerative colitis: changes in blood coagulation factors.

Summary Blood coagulation factors were studied in 16 patients with ulcerative colitis. Increased factor VIII activity was the most frequent, and perhaps the most important, coagulation abnormality found. It appears to be the basis of the accelerated thromboplastin generation in this disease. Increased factor VIII activity, acceleration of thromboplastin generation, and an increase in fibrinogen seem to be related to the activity of the disease and the extent of colon involvement. The relationship of these changes to the occurrence of thrombosis is discussed. The most frequent coagulation defect in active ulcerative colitis is prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time, due to mild to moderate decreases in factors VII and X. These changes are probably due to vitamin K deficiency. The possibility of a mild qualitative platelet defect in certain patients is suggested by the occasional finding of abnormal prothrombin consumption corrected by Inosithin, a platelet substitute.
Intensity and pulse shape effect on the spectra and the angular distribution of nonlinear Thomson scattering

Summary form only given. Nonlinear Thomson scattering of intense laser radiation has been studied theoretically, which predicts generation of radiation at the harmonics of the laser frequency. We perform a preliminary set of numerical simulation on the radiation properties of a free electron in a strong laser field using realistic laser fields, concentrating on the spectral and angular distribution of the harmonics. We show that the spectra and the radiation pattern of nonlinear Thomson scattering are dependent on the laser pulse shape and intensity, an effect important for interpreting relevant experimental results. Future investigation should include effects of the electron initial position and velocity distribution to elucidate the effect at a macroscopic level.
Nonlinear-optical phase modification in dispersion-engineered Si photonic wires

The strong dispersion and large third-order nonlinearity in Si photonic wires are intimately linked in the optical physics needed for the optical modification of phase. By carefully choosing the waveguide dimensions, both linear and nonlinear optical properties of Si wires can be engineered. In this paper we provide a review of the modification of phase using nonlinear-optical effects such as self-phase and cross-phase modulation in dispersion-engineered Si wires. The low threshold powers for phase-changing effects in Si-wires make them potential candidates for functional nonlinear optical devices of just a few millimeters in length.
TIRAP mediates endotoxin-induced NF-κB activation and apoptosis in endothelial cells

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiates multiple signaling events in vascular endothelial cells that can result in activation and/or cell death. LPS-induced activation of endothelial cells elicits a wide array of vascular endothelial responses, many of which are dependent on NF-kappaB activation. Several of the signaling molecules that mediate LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation, including Tlr-4, MyD88, and IRAK-1, have been similarly reported to mediate LPS pro-apoptotic signaling. Recently, a new signaling molecule, TIRAP, has been identified that mediates LPS-induced NF-kappaB signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Using a TIRAP dominant negative construct, we have identified a role for TIRAP in mediating LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis in human endothelial cells. These data identify TIRAP as a dual functioning signaling molecule and suggest the presence of a MyD88-independent LPS signaling pathway in human endothelial cells.
A C2-Symmetric, Living α-Diimine Ni(II) Catalyst: Regioblock Copolymers from Propylene

An isomerically pure, C2-symmetric Ni(II) complex was synthesized and found to be living for propylene polymerization. The regioselectivity of the catalyst varied greatly with reaction temperature, with regioregular, highly isotactic polypropylene (PP) produced at low temperatures, and regioirregular PP produced at high temperatures. Regioblock PP was formed by changing the reaction temperature during the polymerization.
Effect of laboratory or clerical error on presymptomatic risk calculations for Huntington disease: a simulation study.

Linked markers are useful in prenatal diagnosis as well as presymptomatic diagnosis in late age-of-onset diseases such as Huntington disease (HD). It is widely assumed that most laboratory or clerical errors will be detected because of incompatibility of marker haplotypes within the family. However, errors in marker phenotypes that are compatible but wrong may result in a consultand being given an incorrect risk estimate. We have addressed this issue using simulated marker data in pedigress similar to those seen in our HD testing program. In Family Structure I (an 11-member, 3-generation family), a particular family was more likely to be detected as inconsistent than incorrectly assigned. In a small nuclear family (Family Structure IV), Fewer errors would be detected, and more would appear consistent but give incorrect risk estimates (e.g., low risk misclassified as noninformative or high). Given the presence of tight linkage, risk estimates are often calculated based on a small number of relatives. However, these computer simulations demonstrated that increasing the number of relatives types decrease the probability that the family will remain consistent with an error present, and, therefore, decreases the probability of an incorrect assignment of risk. It is important to decrease the level of such errors by duplicated readings of raw marker data and validation of computer input. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of infarct size measured from antimyosin single-photon emission computed tomographic scans on left ventricular remodeling

Abstract To evaluate the effect of infarct size on left ventricular volumes and geometric remodeling, 26 patients with a first acute Q wave myocardial infarction (anterior in 14, inferior in 12) had the infarct sized from single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging of indium-111 antimyosin. All patients underwent gated blood pool scintigraphy before hospital discharge for determination of ejection fraction and end-diastolic and endsystolic volume indexes. Infarct size was quantitated from indium-111 antimyosin uptake in coronal slices with use of a threshold technique for edge detection. Nineteen of 26 patients had additional simultaneous acquisitions of indium-111 and thallium-201 uptake and the infarct was expressed as a percent of the total left ventricle. Infarct size was larger (59 ± 16 vs. 33 ± 16 g), predischarge ejection fraction lower (35 ± 5% vs. 60 ± 9%) and end-systolic volume index higher (57 ± 13 vs. 36 ± 10 ml/m2) in the group with anterior infarction. Despite these differences, predischarge end-diastolic volume index was not significantly different between the group with anterior (88 ± 17 ml/m2) versus inferior (89 ± 14 ml/m2) infarction. There was a significant inverse correlation between percent infarct size and ejection fraction for patients with dual isotope imaging (r = −0.90) and a significant direct correlation between infarct size and end-systolic volume index (r = 0.79, p Fourteen patients without subsequent myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting had a repeat gated blood pool study late (26 ± 15 months) after infarction. Patients with an anterior infarction had a significant increase in end-diastolic volume index (+10 ± 11 ml/m2), which was also significantly different from the change in end-diastolic volume index in the group with inferior infarction (−5 ± 5.2 ml/m2). These data suggest that infarct size and location have a profound effect on left ventricular function and chamber size. Anterior infarcts, because they are larger, cause more severe left ventricular dysfunction and higher end-systolic volume early. The consequent increases in end-systolic wall stress may be the driving mechanism for late left ventricular chamber enlargement. This method for measuring infarct size has potential usefulness for selecting patients who will benefit from pharmacologic intervention to prevent late left ventricular dilation.
Fermat's Last Theorem for Fractional and Irrational Exponents

Fermat's Last Theorem says that for integers n ≥ 2, there are no solutions to xn + yn = zn among positive integers. What about rational exponents n? Irrational n? Negative n? See what an undergradu...
Synthesis and characterization of poly(pyridinium salt)s with anthracene moieties exhibiting both lyotropic liquid-crystalline and UV light-emitting properties

Two poly(pyridinium salt)s with anthracene moieties in the main chain as well as tosylate and triflimide as counterions were prepared by either the ring-transmutation polymerization of phenylated bis(pyrylium tosylate) salt with 2,6-diaminoanthracene in dimethyl sulfoxide or the metathesis reaction of the corresponding tosylate polymer with lithium triflimide in acetonitrile. They were characterized for their lyotropic liquid-crystalline and UV light-emitting properties, with various experimental techniques. These ionic, conjugated anthracene polymers are the recent addition to the class of UV light-emitting polymers, since they emit UV light both in solution and in the solid state.
The angular momentum problem and magnetic braking during star formation : exact solutions for an aligned and a perpendicular rotator

The problems of fragmentation, angular momentum, and magnetic flux during star formation are reviewed briefly. Then the resolution of the angular momentum problem through magnetic braking is studied rigorously. A disk-like interstellar cloud of uniform densityρ cl is given an initial angular velocityΩ o about its axis of symmetry, which isaligned with an initially uniform, frozen-in magnetic field. Torsional Alfven waves transport angular momentum from the cloud to the external medium, which has a uniform densityρ ext . The angular velocity of the cloud (Ω cl ) is determined analytically as a function of space and time for different ratiosρ cl /ρ ext (the only free parameter in the equations), representing different stages of contraction. Despite dissimilar transient response of the cloud (or fragment) structure to different initial conditions, the characteristic time for magnetic braking of the rotation of the cloud (or fragment) as a whole is remarkably insensitive to the initial conditions and independent of the stage of contraction. The latter conclusion is in agreement with an approximate result obtained recently (Mouschovias, 1978; 1979a). A cylindrical cloud (or fragment) of uniform density is also imparted an initial angular velocity about its axis of symmetry with respect to the external medium. The frozen-in magnetic field is now initially radial andperpendicular to the axis of symmetry. In this case magnetic braking becomes more efficient upon contraction. It is more efficient than the aligned rotator case typically by one order of magnitude. The angular momentum problem can be resolved in about 106 yr during the early stages of cloud contraction. Planetary systems, such as the Sun-Jupiter pair, become dynamically possible. A stage exists in which a cloud (or fragment) is in retrograde rotation with respect to its surroundings. This provides the first and only observable prediction of magnetic braking in action. It also constitutes a natural explantation of retrograde rotation in stellar and planetary systems.
Doppler-free multi-photon ionization: a proposal for enhancing ion images

Abstract We report on the use of Doppler-free 2+1 resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) to probe H atoms resulting from HBr photolysis at 243 nm. The Doppler-free technique allows almost all H atoms to be ionized at a single probe wavelength, regardless of their lab-frame velocities. This technique yields a significant enhancement in ionization efficiency of the product while leaving the background ionization essentially unaffected. We point out the utility of this technique for the ion imaging of reaction products.
Sociedades económicas e ingenieros de montes en Filipinas. Sobre el aprovechamiento forestal durante el período de administración española, 1775-1898

It has been my intention to analyze the role of the economic societes and the Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Montes in relation with the rational use of the Philippine's forests, since the last quarter of the 18 th century until the end of the Spanish administration. From a commercial point of view lacking any conservationist awareness, the necessity of a rational use of the forests will be obvious for the forestry experts along the 19 th century, but because of the survival of outdated practises and a scarce institutional support on economic and staff matters their conservationist efforts were fruitless.
Different Routes to the Same Destination: Drawing Conclusions with Tiered Graphic Organizers.

The ability to draw conclusions while reading is an important comprehension skill. It requires readers to connect background knowledge and experiences with information in the text in order to go beyond the literal meaning of words on the page. Even with careful teaching, this skill, like most others, needs to be reinforced at different levels of complexity if children are to grow and develop at the most effective pace. In any class, for example, some students will have no difficulty drawing conclusions; in fact, they will need to be challenged if they are to extend what they already know about making inferences. Other students will be able to draw conclusions successfully with some instruction. Most likely, there will be some who will need a great deal of support in order to flourish independently. In this article, the authors demystify what readers do when they draw conclusions, define tiered graphic organizers, supply guidelines for creating these graphic organizers, and provide examples of them for drawing conclusions with upper elementary-grade students.
Socio-economic impact management: programme design and implementation considerations

While larger mineral resource development projects offer new jobs and provide a stimulus to the economy of the area where they are sited, they may also pose problems in rural areas associated with rapid population growth. The purpose of an impact management programme is to anticipate and alleviate project effects that are generally perceived as undesirable and to enhance effects that are beneficial to site area communities. While the effective management of project effects is the end towards which all impact assessment efforts are directed, an integrated approach to impact management has been notably lacking. This paper suggests a systems framework for meeting this need by: (1) reviewing the need for impact management efforts; (2) discussing the objectives of, and considerations in, designing impact management programmes; (3) presenting a conceptual framework for, and key components of, such a programme; and (4) suggesting an approach for implementing such a system as an integral part of the project development process.
Different inflammatory responses are associated with Ureaplasma parvum -induced UTI and urolith formation

Epidemiologic studies show a strong association between Ureaplasmas and urogenital tract disease in humans. Since healthy humans can be colonized with Ureaplasmas, its role as a pathogen remains controversial. In order to begin to define the role of the host in disease, we developed a rodent model of urinary tract infection (UTI) using Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Animals were inoculated with sterile broth, 101, 103, 105, 107, or 109 log CFU of a rat-adapted strain of Ureaplasma parvum. Infected animals exhibited two distinct profiles, asymptomatic UTI and UTI complicated with struvite urolithiasis. Inoculum dose of U. parvum affected the incidence of UTI, and 50% to 57% of animals inoculated with ≥ 107 CFU of U. parvum remained infected (p < 0.04). However, inoculum dose did not influence immune response to U. parvum. Asymptomatic UTI was characterized by a minimal immune response that was predominantly monocytic and lymphocytic, with limited lesions, and elevated urinary levels of IFN-γ, IL-18 and MCP-1 (P ≤ 0.02). UTI complicated with struvite formation was characterized by an exaggerated immune response that was mostly neutrophilic (P ≤ 0.0001), with lesions that showed extensive uroepithelial hyperplasia (P ≤ 0.0001), and a predominance of IL-1α, IL-1β, and GRO/KC in the urine (P ≤ 0.02). Animals with asymptomatic UTI also had a significantly high rate of kidney infection (P ≤ 0.0005). Complications associated with U. parvum infection are primarily dependent upon host-specific factors rather than Ureaplasma microbial load. The immune response in F344 rats is similar to that which occurs in humans with ureaplasmal associated disease. Therefore, this model of infection is a useful tool for elucidating U. parvum-host interactions that confer UTI and disease.