cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Following Pedicled Muscle versus Fasciocutaneous Flap Coverage for Complex Periprosthetic Wounds in Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background In cases of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) threatened by potential hardware exposure, flap-based reconstruction is indicated to provide durable coverage. Historically, muscle flaps were favored as they provide vascular tissue to an infected wound bed. However, data comparing the performance of muscle versus fasciocutaneous flaps are limited and reflect a lack of consensus regarding the optimal management of these wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of muscle versus fasciocutaneous flaps following the salvage of compromised TKA. Methods A systematic search and meta-analysis were performed to identify patients with TKA who underwent either pedicled muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage of periprosthetic knee defects. Studies evaluating implant/limb salvage rates, ambulatory function, complications, and donor-site morbidity were included in the comparative analysis. Results A total of 18 articles, corresponding to 172 flaps (119 muscle flaps and 53 fasciocutaneous flaps) were reviewed. Rates of implant salvage (88.8% vs. 90.1%, P=0.05) and limb salvage (89.8% vs. 100%, P=0.14) were comparable in each cohort. While overall complication rates were similar (47.3% vs. 44%, P=0.78), the rates of persistent infection (16.4% vs. 0%, P=0.14) and recurrent infection (9.1% vs. 4%, P=0.94) tended to be higher in the muscle flap cohort. Notably, functional outcomes and ambulation rates were sparingly reported. Conclusions Rates of limb and prosthetic salvage were comparable following muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage of compromised TKA. The functional morbidity associated with muscle flap harvest, however, may support the use of fasciocutaneous flaps for coverage of these defects, particularly in young patients and/or high-performance athletes.
Protein Degradation Systems as Antimalarial Therapeutic Targets

Artemisinin (ART)-based combination therapies are the most efficacious treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Alarmingly, P. falciparum strains have acquired resistance to ART across much of Southeast Asia. ART creates widespread protein and lipid damage inside intraerythrocytic parasites, necessitating macromolecule degradation. The proteasome is the main engine of Plasmodium protein degradation. Indeed, proteasome inhibition and ART have shown synergy in ART-resistant parasites. Moreover, ubiquitin modification is associated with altered parasite susceptibility to multiple antimalarials. Targeting the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), therefore, is an attractive avenue to combat drug resistance. Here, we review recent advances leading to specific targeting of the Plasmodium proteasome. We also highlight the potential for targeting other nonproteasomal protein degradation systems as an additional strategy to disrupt protein homeostasis.
Neuroprotective Effects of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemia and hypoxia play a major role in further worsening of the damage, a process referred to as 'secondary injury'. Protecting neurons from causative factors of secondary injury has been the guiding principle of modern TBI management. Stimulation of trigeminal nerve induces pressor response and improves cerebral blood flow (CBF) by activating the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Moreover, it causes cerebrovasodilation through the trigemino-cerebrovascular system and trigemino-parasympathetic reflex. These effects are capable of increasing cerebral perfusion, making trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) a promising strategy for TBI management. Here, we investigated the use of electrical TNS for improving CBF and brain oxygen tension (PbrO2), with the goal of decreasing secondary injury. Severe TBI was produced using controlled cortical impact (CCI) in a rat model, and TNS treatment was delivered for the first hour after CCI. In comparison to TBI group, TBI animals with TNS treatment demonstrated significantly increased systemic blood pressure, CBF and PbrO2 at the hyperacute phase of TBI. Furthermore, rats in TNS-treatment group showed significantly reduced brain edema, blood-brain barrier disruption, lesion volume, and brain cortical levels of TNF-α and IL-6. These data provide strong early evidence that TNS could be an effective neuroprotective strategy.
BDSM Role Fluidity: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating Switches Within Dominant/Submissive Binaries.

This mixed-methods study of BDSM investigates the nuances of BDSM participants’ role identities, role frequencies, and role fluidities—shifts in identities and play across time, location, scene, an...
Capital Redeployment in the Equity Market

Payouts, in the form of dividends and buybacks, reached a height of almost a trillion dollars per annum in recent years. A large proportion of these dollars have been directly reinvested into the stock market. Drawing on data on mutual fund holdings, I show that capital repayments are accompanied by predictable excess returns in stocks connected to these payments, consistent with demand-driven price pressure. Due to the persistence of these capital return programs, abnormal returns accumulate over significant holding periods. Additionally, the exposure to capital redeployment by non-payout firms is associated with firm-level equity issuances. While firms exposed to high levels of capital returns negligibly increase their own buyback and dividend activities, they are able to persistently issue stocks through seasoned offers relative to other firms.
Game Changers: New β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations Targeting Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Recent regulatory approvals for the β-lactam inhibitor combinations of ceftazidime–avibactam and meropenem–vaborbactam have provided two novel therapeutic options for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Most importantly, these combination agents have satisfied an important medical need related to antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae that produce serine carbapenemases, especially the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzymes. Both combinations contain non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitors of novel chemical classes not previously developed as antibacterial agents, the diazabicyclooctanes and cyclic boronic acid derivatives. Their rapid development and approval programs have spurred a number of similar inhibitor combinations that will need to differentiate themselves for commercial success. Gaps still exist for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and metallo-β-lactamase-producing pathog...
Risk of Serious Infection, Opportunistic Infection, and Herpes Zoster among Patients with Psoriasis in the United Kingdom

The risk of infection among patients with psoriasis of varying severity in a broadly representative population remains poorly understood. Using The Health Improvement Network (THIN), an electronic medical records database representative of the general UK population, we performed a cohort study to determine the risks of serious infection, opportunistic infection, and herpes zoster among patients with versus without psoriasis and according to psoriasis severity. We identified 187,258 patients with mild and 12,442 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis based on treatment patterns. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for serious infection were 1.18 (1.16-1.21) and 1.63 (1.52-1.75) for the mild and moderate to severe psoriasis groups, respectively. Among a nested cohort of 8,569 psoriasis patients with disease severity classified by body surface area involvement, similar results were obtained with the exception of an attenuated but significantly increased risk of serious infection among the moderate to severe psoriasis group (1.27 [1.10-1.47]). Overall, the risks of opportunistic infection and herpes zoster were significantly increased only among the moderate to severe psoriasis group and were associated with immunosuppressive therapy. Our analyses suggest that psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of serious infection, and psoriasis severity is a predictor of serious infection risk.
Sexual activity after spine surgery: a systematic review

Sexual function is an important determinant of quality of life, and factors such as surgical approach, performance of fusion, neurological function and residual pain can affect it after spine surgery. Our aim was to perform a systematic review to collate evidence regarding the impact of spine surgery on sexual function. A systematic review of studies reporting measures of sexual function, and incidence of adverse sexual outcomes (retrograde ejaculation) after major spine surgery was done, regardless of spinal location. Pubmed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar databases were queried using the following search words “Sex”, “Sex life”, “Sexual function”, “Sexual activity”, “retrograde ejaculation”, “Spine”, “Spine surgery”, “Lumbar surgery”, “Lumbar fusion”, “cervical spine”, “cervical fusion”, “Spinal deformity”, “scoliosis” and “Decompression”. All articles published between 1997 and 2017 were retrieved from the database. A total of 81 studies were included in the final review. Majority of the studies were retrospective case series and were low quality (Level IV) in evidence. Anterior lumbar approaches were associated with a higher incidence of retrograde ejaculation, especially with the utilization of transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. There is inconclusive evidence on the preferred sexual position following fusion, and also on the impact of BMP-2 usage on retrograde ejaculation/sexual dysfunction. Despite limited evidence from high-quality articles, there is a general trend towards improvement of sexual activity and function after spine surgery. Future studies incorporating specific assessments of sexual activity will be required to address this important determinant of quality of life so that appropriate pre-operative counselling can be done by providers. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Single serum progesterone as a screen for ectopic pregnancy: exchanging specificity and sensitivity to obtain optimal test performance*

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of screening serum P in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP) and to identify a cutoff value that provides the best compromise between test sensitivity and specificity. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting University hospital. Interventions Observation only. Patients First trimester pregnant women at risk for EP. Main Outcome Measure Single P measurements were obtained from 3,674 pregnancies with outcomes defined as EP, viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and spontaneous abortion (SAB). Diagnostic accuracy of the test was analyzed by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, which quantify the ability of the test to distinguish EP and SAB from IUP. Results Diagnostic accuracy for EP versus IUP was 88.7%±0.1% (mean±SEM); for SAB versus IUP, 93.8±0.4%; and for SAB±EP versus IUP, 92.8%±0.4%. Diagnostic accuracy for SAB versus EP was only 39.4%±0.2%. In the interval of 15.0 to 19.9ng/mL (47.7 to 63.3nmol/L), P missed 5.3% of the EPs and incorrectly included 84.3% of the viable IUPs; in the interval of 20.0 to 24.9ng/mL (63.6 to 79.2nmol/L), sensitivity improved in that only 3.5% of the EPs were missed but 88.8% of viable IUPs were included incorrectly. A cutoff value of≥17.5ng/mL (55.7nmol/L), the median point of the 15.0 to 19.9ng/mL (47.7 to 63.3nmol/L) interval, missed only 35 of 423 (8.3%) total EPs in the study. Conclusion Analysis of ROC curves demonstrates that single serum P has high diagnostic accuracy for differentiating accidents of pregnancy (SAB and EP) from viable IUP, both individually (SAB versus IUP and EP versus IUP) and collectively (SAB+EP versus IUP); it cannot efficiently discriminate SAB versus EP. We conclude that for P≥17.5ng/mL (55.7nmol/L), patients thought to be at risk for EP may be followed reasonably without ultrasound or further invasive diagnostic studies.
CHALLENGING THE FOUR "TRUTHS" OF PERSONAL SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE WORLD OF 401(K) PLANS

This Article discusses the final recommendations of the President’s Commission to Strengthen Social Security concerning the proposed creation of a system of personal Social Security accounts. The Article critically evaluates the Commission’s findings (the four “Truths”) in light of numerous research studies concerning participant-directed 401(k) plans. The Article claims that Truth #1, the assertion that all workers will be better off in terms of total benefits from the combination of traditional Social Security and personal account benefits, is based on unrealistic assumptions concerning how workers choose to diversify their investments. The 401(k) plan research evidence suggests that, due to their choice of investments, many workers are unlikely to earn the Commission’s assumed rate of investment return on personal Social Security accounts. Truth #2, the assertion that a government-sponsored program of investment education will change worker investment behavior and lead to improved investment performance, is contradicted by recent research showing that an investment education program for 401(k) plan participants generally is ineffective in changing investment behavior. The Article claims that Truth #3, the assertion that personal accounts will provide the opportunity for low-income and minority workers to “build wealth,” is misleading for two reasons. First, low-income workers who survive to retirement will be forced to annuitize all of their personal account assets to satisfy the Commission’s minimum retirement income standard. Second, the Commission’s proposed structure gives rise to adverse selection, the costs of which will fall most heavily on low-income workers. Finally, the Article addresses Truth #4, that personal accounts will be structured so that large sums of money (and its related power) will not be concentrated in the hands of a few government bureaucrats and money managers. The Article argues that to attain the high rates of worker participation necessary to achieve sustained popular and political support for a personal account system, the system must adopt an enrollment approach patterned after automatic enrollment 401(k) plans. Recent research studies of automatic enrollment 401(k) plans show that automatically enrolled participants have a strong tendency to remain “stuck” in the plan’s default investment fund. The Article claims that workers in a personal account system will do the same, thereby resulting in: (1) political pressure for an investment strategy for the default fund that furthers social policy goals, rather than maximizing investment returns; and (2) a potentially troublesome concentration of assets in the system’s default investment fund.
Invented Histories: The Nihon Senshi of the Meiji Imperial Japanese Army

Nihon Senshi (Military History of Japan) was part of the new Imperial Japanese Army’s attempt to tie itself to examples from Japan’s “warring states” period, similar to scholars who created a feudal “medieval” time in the Japanese past to fit into Western historiography, and intellectuals who discovered a “traditional” spirit called bushidō as a counterpart for English chivalry. The interpretations of these campaigns, placing the “three unifiers” of the late sixteenth century as global leaders in the modernization of military tactics and technology, show the Imperial Japanese Army’s desire to be seen as a “modern” military through its invented “institutional” history.
Risk-reductive dental strategies for medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw among cancer patients: A systematic review with meta-analyses.

Abstract The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of dental interventions in preventing or reducing the incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in cancer patients receiving antiresorptive therapy, compared to similar control groups receiving no intervention. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), case-controls and cohorts on cancer patients with primary outcome being the prevalence of MRONJ were included. Four electronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) up to February 12, 2018. A total of 409 abstracts were assessed and one case-control, one RCT and four cohort studies with 2332 cancer patients met our inclusion criteria. Risk of bias analysis followed Cochrane's handbook. Risk of bias was unclear for the case-control study and high risk for the RCT and all cohort studies. Five studies utilized preventive measures consisting of an initial examination and performing all necessary dental treatment before patients initiated antiresorptive therapy; one study used specialized post-extraction protocols utilizing plasma-rich in growth factors (PRGF) on cancer patients receiving antiresorptive therapy. Though dental preventive measures decreased MRONJ incidence by 77.3% in six studies with 2332 cancer patients (95% CI = 47.4–90.2%; p = .001) compared to control groups, quality of the evidence was low due to high or unclear risk of bias and the observational nature of five of the included studies. In conclusion, high-quality long-term prospective large sample size studies are needed to confirm these results due to high risk of bias and heterogeneous interventions. No funding.
Clinical Management of Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Pineal Gland: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among American men, with an incidence of approximately 233,000 cases per year. Intracranial metastases are rare and, specifically, metastasis to the pineal gland has only been reported in 2 postmortem cases in the literature. Case Description We present the first documented case of confirmed prostate cancer metastasis to the pineal gland in a living patient. The patient underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and pineal lesion biopsy with complete resolution of his hydrocephalus and presenting symptoms. His biopsy results confirmed the prostate origin of the metastasis, and he subsequently underwent stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of this lesion. Conclusions This is the first report of the clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer to the pineal region and description of the clinical outcome. Although prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men, metastasis to the pineal has only been reported twice from autopsy examinations. Overall, pineal tumors in the geriatric population are exceedingly rare and the age and comorbidities in this patient made management quite unique.
Addressing the Mental Health Needs of African American Muslims in an Era of Islamophobia

African American Muslims are a heterogeneous group and represent a variety of cultures, ethnicities, and identities. Between 15% and 20% of enslaved Africans were estimated to be Muslims. Many struggled to hold onto their religious beliefs and cultural practices. In the early twentieth century, institutions and movements alike influenced the religiosity of African American Muslims. In the twenty-first century, most African Americans left behind Islamic organizations focused on black nationalism and connected with the faith and its Sunni-focused teachings. Over the past two decades, media coverage has fueled a combination of fear and curiosity regarding the social and cultural behaviors of American Muslims. Many American Muslims have experienced religious harassment and racial profiling in recent years. The need for clinicians to understand the cultural and religious implications that permeate African American Muslims’ experience and address their mental health needs is discussed.
Developmental biology of the meninges

The meninges are membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system. In the head, the meninges lie between the brain and the skull, and interact closely with both during development. The cranial meninges originate from a mesenchymal sheath on the surface of the developing brain, called primary meninx, and undergo differentiation into three layers with distinct histological characteristics: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. While genetic regulation of meningeal development is still poorly understood, mouse mutants and other models with meningeal defects have demonstrated the importance of the meninges to normal development of the calvaria and the brain. For the calvaria, the interactions with the meninges are necessary for the progression of calvarial osteogenesis during early development. In later stages, the meninges control the patterning of the skull and the fate of the sutures. For the brain, the meninges regulate diverse processes including cell survival, cell migration, generation of neurons from progenitors, and vascularization. Also, the meninges serve as a stem cell niche for the brain in the postnatal life. Given these important roles of the meninges, further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying meningeal development can provide novel insights into the coordinated development of the head.
Pediatrics: Practical Considerations for the Transition Process

The transition from pediatric to adult care for young adults with chronic endocrine disorders poses unique challenges to the pediatric provider tasked with ensuring continuity in the safety and effectiveness of care. This chapter offers practical recommendations for pediatric endocrinology providers in facilitating transition to adult endocrinology care based on expert consensus guidelines. First, providers must set clear expectations. Next, they must adequately prepare patients for transition by completing readiness assessments, educating patients on self-care, establishing a transition plan in partnership with patients and their families, and creating a summary of medical care. While coordinating transfer to the adult world is a key responsibility for the pediatric provider, it is also important that the pediatric team ensure that patients have established adult care in order to promote care continuity and optimize health outcomes.
The crystal structure of the protein kinase HIPK2 reveals a unique architecture of its CMGC-insert region

The homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (HIPK) family is comprised of four nuclear protein kinases, HIPK1–4. HIPK proteins phosphorylate a diverse range of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. HIPK2, thus far the best-characterized member of this largely understudied family of protein kinases, plays a role in the activation of p53 in response to DNA damage. Despite this tumor-suppressor function, HIPK2 is also found overexpressed in several cancers, and its hyperactivation causes chronic fibrosis. There are currently no structures of HIPK2 or of any other HIPK kinase. Here, we report the crystal structure of HIPK2's kinase domain bound to CX-4945, a casein kinase 2α (CK2α) inhibitor currently in clinical trials against several cancers. The structure, determined at 2.2 Å resolution, revealed that CX-4945 engages the HIPK2 active site in a hybrid binding mode between that seen in structures of CK2α and Pim1 kinases. The HIPK2 kinase domain crystallized in the active conformation, which was stabilized by phosphorylation of the activation loop. We noted that the overall kinase domain fold of HIPK2 closely resembles that of evolutionarily related dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs). Most significant structural differences between HIPK2 and DYRKs included an absence of the regulatory N-terminal domain and a unique conformation of the CMGC-insert region and of a newly defined insert segment in the αC–β4 loop. This first crystal structure of HIPK2 paves the way for characterizing the understudied members of the HIPK family and for developing HIPK2-directed therapies for managing cancer and fibrosis.
Shakespeare and Girls’ Studies

A modern-day Taming of the Shrew that concludes at a high school prom. An agoraphobic Olivia from Twelfth Night sending video dispatches from her bedroom. A time-traveling teenager finding romance in the house of Capulet. Shakespeare and Girls’ Studies posits that Shakespeare in popular culture is increasingly becoming the domain of the adolescent girl, and engages the interdisciplinary field of Girls’ Studies to analyze adaptation and appropriation of Shakespeare’s plays in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Through chapters on film, television, young adult fiction, and web series aimed at girl readers and audiences, this volume explores the impact of girl cultures and concerns on Shakespeare’s afterlife in popular culture and the classroom. Shakespeare and Girls’ Studies argues that girls hold a central place in Shakespearean adaptation, and that studying Shakespeare through the lens of contemporary girlhoods can generate new approaches to Renaissance literature as well as popular culture aimed at girls and young people of marginalized genders. Drawing on contemporary cultural discourses ranging from Abstinence-Only Sex Education and Shakespeare in the US Common Core to rape culture and coming out, this book addresses the overlap between Shakespeare’s timeless girl heroines and modern popular cultures that embrace figures like Juliet and Ophelia to understand and validate the experiences of girls. Shakespeare and Girls’ Studies theorizes Shakespeare’s past and present cultural authority as part of an intersectional approach to adaptation in popular culture.
Unconventional optimization for achieving well-informed design solutions for the automobile industry

In practice, engineering optimization problems come in various complexities that are different from the usual problem formulations used in a single academic study. To solve such unconventional desc...
Does the Timing of Central Bank Announcements Matter? Trade-Level Data on Hedge Fund Behavior Before Swiss National Bank Meetings

Just over three years after enacting a Minimum Exchange Rate policy for the Swiss Franc vs. Euro (EUR/CHF), the Swiss National Bank (SNB) removed it in a surprise announcement on January 15, 2015. The announcement shocked the FX market — EUR/CHF dropped 25.5 percent in the minutes that followed the press release. The JPMorgan Chase Institute leveraged a data asset of 395 million de-identified transactions executed by over 44,000 institutional investors to measure hedge fund net flows in EUR/CHF spot and forward transactions during the SNB’s Minimum Exchange Rate policy period. Our analysis uncovers two key findings related to hedge fund trading in EUR/CHF during the Minimum Exchange Rate policy period. First, we observe that after hedge funds executed the long EUR/CHF strategy, they then sold EUR/CHF in the days immediately preceding the next regularly scheduled SNB announcement, reducing their potential losses if the Minimum Exchange Rate policy was removed at that meeting. Second, hedge fund's confidence in the persistence of the SNB's Minimum Exchange Rate policy appears to have peaked in the four weeks before the policy was removed. Taken together, our findings have implications for central banks as they consider how their choices with respect to communicating policy changes might impact financial market stability. When choosing the most appropriate method to communicate policy changes, policymakers can use our results to help weigh market expectations with respect to both the timing of announcements and the policy outcomes in the context of the central bank's desired market impacts.
How Transdisciplinary is Design? An Analysis Using Citation Networks

This article reveals how citation networks can be used to understand and demonstrate the ways design serves to integrate other bodies of knowledge. Analysis focused on two corpuses of peer-reviewed...
Single and mixture per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances accumulate in developing Northern leopard frog brains and produce complex neurotransmission alterations.

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in water and >99% of human serum. They are found in brains of wildlife; however, little is known about effects on the developing brain. To determine the effects of PFAS on brain and cardiac innervation, we conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment with Northern leopard frog larvae (Rana pipiens) exposed to control, 10 ppb perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), or a PFAS mixture totaling 10 ppb that mimicked aqueous film forming foam-impacted surface water (4 ppb PFOS, 3 ppb perfluorohexane sulfonate, 1.25 ppb perfluorooctanoate, 1.25 ppb perfluorohexanoate, and 0.5 ppb perfluoro-n-pentanoate). Water was spiked with PFAS and 25 larvae (Gosner stage (GS) 25) added to each mesocosm (n = 4 mesocosms per treatment). After 30 days, we harvested eight brains per mesocosm and remaining larvae developed to GS 46 (i.e. metamorphosis) before brains and hearts were collected. Weight, length, GS, and time to metamorphosis were recorded. Brain concentrations of all five PFAS were quantified using LC/MS/MS. Dopamine and metabolites, serotonin and its metabolite, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with electrochemical detection while acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase activity were quantified with the Invitrogen Amplex Red Acetylcholine Assay. PFOS accumulated in the brain time- and dose-dependently. After 30 days, the mixture decreased serotonin while both PFAS treatments decreased glutamate. Interestingly, acetylcholine increased in PFAS treatments at GS 46. This research shows that developmental environmentally relevant exposure to PFAS changes neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine.
Removal of host cell proteins from cell culture fluids by weak partitioning chromatography using peptide-based adsorbents

Abstract This work presents the removal of host cell proteins (HCPs) from a Chinese Hamster Ovary clarified cell culture fluid (CHO CCCF) containing a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) by weak partitioning chromatography (WPC). The chromatographic adsorbents were produced by functionalizing Toyopearl resin with HCP-binding tetrameric multipolar (4MP) or hexameric hydrophobic/cationic (6HP) peptides. The CCCF was loaded on columns packed with either 4MP-Toyopearl or 6HP-Toyopearl resin only, or a 4MP and 6HP resin mixture at different values of residence time (RT: 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 min). The temporal profiles of concentration of HCPs and mAb in the effluents confirmed the binding mechanism by WPC, where both HCPs and mAb are initially bound by the peptide ligands, but, as more CCCF is fed to the column, the incoming HCPs displace the bound mAbs. In particular, 4MP was shown to capture more selectively high molecular weight HCPs, while 6HP was more effective in binding low molecular weight HCPs. Under optimal loading conditions (~60–80 g of proteins per L of adsorbent; RT of 5 min), the 6HP+4MP-Toyopearl adsorbent provided mAb yield and purity of >80% and up to 90%, respectively. Conversely, the control resin Toyopearl SuperQ-650 M resulted in 70% yield and 75% purity under the same conditions. Proteomic analysis of the effluents demonstrated that 6HP+4MP-Toyopearl adsorbent removes HCPs known for their immunogenicity or IgG co-elution or degradation, demonstrating the potential of these peptide-based resins as HCP scrubbers in mAb purification processes.
Post-materialism’s Social Class Divide: Experiences and Life Satisfaction:

Over last half of the twentieth century, a silent revolution in post-material values made significant advances around the world. The formation of post-material values also resulted in expanded part...
The role of neurosensory systems in the modulation of aging

Abstract All living organisms are subject to the continuously changing environmental stimuli from various sources. Neurosensory systems perceive these cues and elicit appropriate physiological responses. Although sensory perception is traditionally considered as an acute response, recent studies in model organisms have demonstrated that it can also have a long-term effect on aging. Using evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways such as insulin/IGF-1 signaling and nuclear hormone receptor signaling, neurosensory systems can transduce ambient cues into longevity signals. In this chapter, we review recent studies implicating sensory neurons and signaling pathways in longevity modulation. As model organisms including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila feature short lifespan and facile genetics, many mechanistic studies of neurosensory modulation of aging were initially conducted in these organisms. Given the evolutionary conservation of genes and signaling pathways involved in sensory perception and aging, findings from model organisms will shed light on the broad impact of neurosensory systems on aging.
OH Megamasers in HI Surveys: Forecasts and a Machine Learning Approach to Separating Disks from Mergers

OH megamasers (OHMs) are rare, luminous masers found in gas-rich major galaxy mergers. In untargeted neutral hydrogen ($\mathrm{HI}$) emission-line surveys, spectroscopic redshifts are necessary to differentiate the $\lambda_\text{rest}=18$ cm masing lines produced by OHMs from $\mathrm{HI}$ 21 cm lines. Next generation $\mathrm{HI}$ surveys will detect an unprecedented number of galaxies, most of which will not have spectroscopic redshifts. We present predictions for the numbers of OHMs that will be detected and the potential "contamination" they will impose on $\mathrm{HI}$ surveys. We examine Looking at the Distant Universe with the MeerKAT Array (LADUMA), a single-pointing deep-field survey reaching redshift $z_\mathrm{HI}=1.45$, as well as potential future surveys with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) that would observe large portions of the sky out to redshift $z_\mathrm{HI}=1.37$. We predict that LADUMA will potentially double the number of known OHMs, creating an expected contamination of 1.0% of the survey's $\mathrm{HI}$ sample. Future SKA $\mathrm{HI}$ surveys are expected to see up to 7.2% OH contamination. To mitigate this contamination, we present methods to distinguish $\mathrm{HI}$ and OHM host populations without spectroscopic redshifts using near- to mid-IR photometry and a k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. Using our methods, nearly 99% of OHMs out to redshift $z_\mathrm{OH} \sim 1.0$ can be correctly identified. At redshifts out to $z_\mathrm{OH}\sim2.0$, 97% of OHMs can be identified. The discovery of these high-redshift OHMs will be valuable for understanding the connection between extreme star formation and galaxy evolution.
Beyond “Train-the-Trainer:” A Preliminary Report on a New Scaffolding Strategy for Science Communication Workshop Dissemination

This paper reports on the development and results to date of a new strategy to disseminate a well-validated, successful science communication workshop program to multiple campuses hosting National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates or REU-like research programs. The REU Science Communication Workshop program (REU SCW) is based on the premise that the most effective pedagogy for science communication skills development is one in which students practice iteratively using their own research material, with expert coaching and facilitated peer feedback. After testing several models for widespread dissemination, the most promising capacity-building strategy is one that scaffolds the traditional “train-the-trainer” approach with a new “piggyback” professional development model.
Analysis of potential collisions between pedestrians and personal transportation devices in a university campus: an application of unmanned aerial vehicles.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors that contribute to near-miss collisions between pedestrians and personal transportation devices (PTDs) in a university campus using a novel data collection method, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). PARTICIPANTS A total of 3,349 pedestrians and 173 PTD riders were detected through UAV observations. METHODS The researchers employed UAV technology to capture and geocode the interactions and behavior of pedestrians and PTD riders. Then, a multilevel logistic regression model examined factors that contribute to near-miss collisions between pedestrians and PTDs. RESULTS The model outputs indicate that higher speed, non-bicycle PTDs (eg, skateboard and scooter), and some preventive actions, like reducing speed, deviating, and weaving, increase the probability of a PTD rider getting involved in a near-miss collision. CONCLUSIONS Findings can guide campus planners to redesign the streets as a safe environment for all transportation modes and implement appropriate regulations and education programs, especially for non-bicycle PTD riders.
Developing a Sense of Safety

: Clinical data suggests a strong negative impact of traumatic attachments on adult mental illness, presumably through organizing brain development. To further explore this clinical issue, a mammalian model of imprinting was developed to characterize the neural basis of attachment in both healthy and traumatic attachments. The altricial neonatal rat must learn the mother's odor for nipple attachment, huddling, and orienting to the mother, all of which are required for pup survival. While it appears maladaptive to depend upon learning for attachment, the unique learning system of neonatal pups greatly enhances odor-preference learning and attachment while pups are confined to the nest. This heightened learning is expressed behaviorally as an enhanced ability to acquire learned odor preferences and a decreased ability to acquire learned odor aversions. Specifically, both odor-milk and odor-shock (0.5 mA) conditioning result in odor-preference acquisition. It appears as though there are at least three brain structures underlying the neonatal rat's sensitive period for heightened odor learning: (1) odor learning is encoded in the olfactory bulb; (2) the hyperfunctioning noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) appears to support preference conditioning through release of NE; and (3) the hypofunctioning amygdala appears to underlie pups' difficulty in learning odor aversions. Overall, this suggests that the CNS of altricial infants is specialized for optimizing attachments to their caregiver.
Fire history and stand structure of two ponderosa pine–mixed conifer sites: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA

We reconstructed historical fire regimes and contemporary and historical stand structures in two stands of ponderosa pine–mixed conifer forests on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA. Thirty-four fire-scarred specimens recorded 256 fires from the EAST and WEST study sites. Fires were recorded between 1739 and 1903 for the EAST site and between 1548 and 1947 for the WEST site. The mean fire return interval (MFI: ≥25% scarred) for the period 1690–1892 was 10 years with a range of 3–21 years for the EAST site. The WEST site MFI (period 1612–1876) was 9 years with a range of 3–21 years. Seasonal patterns of fire occurrence showed that the majority of fires burned during the summer months. Fire interval (years) means, variances and distributions between the EAST and WEST sites were not statistically different from one another for the common analysis period of 1690–1876. Historically, both the EAST and WEST sites were dominated by ponderosa pine, with scattered individuals of Douglas-fir, limber pine and white fir, with tree densities that ranged from 43 to 60 trees per hectare (TPH). Current forest composition has shifted from fire-tolerant ponderosa pine to less fire-tolerant, more shade-tolerant species, with tree densities ranging from 928 to over 1700 TPH. We suggest that the dramatic structural changes recorded at our study sites occurred since fire regime disruption.
Ideological Persuasion in the Media

Media outlet owners can modify their outlet's content so as to persuade audiences to adopt positions consistent with their preferred ideologies. In this paper, we assume that outlet owners value such persuasion, and therefore will engage in it at the cost of some reduction in profits. We compare the level and diversity of persuasion that occur under two regimes: one in which common ownership of media outlets is prohibited and the other in which it is permitted. We show that mergers between outlets whose owners have identical ideologies increase the level of persuasion, and mergers between outlets whose owners have different ideologies can increase or decrease the level of persuasion. We also show that unrestricted market competition does not necessarily generate diversity, that prohibiting monopoly control over the media does not guarantee diversity, and that, while rules prohibiting monopolization can sometimes promote diversity, in some circumstances these rules can also reduce diversity. This can occur because potential owners care about who will acquire an outlet if they do not.
The Accumulation of Glucose 6-Phosphate from Glucose and Its Effect in an Escherichia coli Mutant Lacking Phosphoglucose Isomerase and Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract When presented with glucose, an Escherichia coli mutant lacking both phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase accumulated, internally, high concentrations (approximately 50 mm) of glucose 6-phosphate. It also accumulated glucose in polysaccharide form. Other metabolism of glucose, if any, was very restricted. The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate was associated with inhibition of growth on those carbon sources the metabolism of which requires functional fructose disphosphatase activity; inhibition of this enzyme in vitro by high concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate was shown.
Effects of chronic administration of sodium diphenylhydantoin (‘dilantin’) on bones and teeth of the rat and hamster: a preliminary study

Male Charles River rats, 31-days-old, received i.p. injection of sodium diphenylhydantoin (DPH), 100 mg/kg in 0.9% NaCl, once daily for 26–27 days before death. Male Syrian hamsters, 40-days-old, received similar injections of DPH, 25 mg/kg for 46 days, no treatment for 39 days, then DPH for a further 17 days before sacrifice. All rats receiving DPH gained less weight than the controls, and more than 50% displayed acute neurotoxic reactions to the drug; hamsters were not so affected. Morphology and composition of caudal vertebrae, teeth, and jaws from control and DPH-rats were compared on the basis of measurements on radiographs and gross specimens, histological investigation, and determination of % dry volumes of ash, volatile inorganic component, lipid, and organic matrix. DPH-vertebrae were smaller and showed impaired osteogenesis, but chondrogenesis was similar to controls. Overall tail length was similar in both animal groups because caudal intervertebral spaces were wider in DPH-rats, compensating for reduced longitudinal growth of corresponding vertebrae. Incisors were smaller and third molar roots shorter in DPH-rats. In DPH-hamsters the attachment of the periodontal ligament to maxillary incisors was deranged. DPH administration did not change the composition of rat bone or teeth. Densities of dry bones and teeth were in accord with their composition. Possible modes of action of DPH are discussed. Species differences in response of mineralized tissues to DPH administration are emphasized in relation to reports of rickets and osteomalacia in patients on long term DPH therapy.
Mössbauer studies of iron in Lurgi gasification ashes and power plant fly and bottom ash

Iron Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods were applied to the study of a selection of ashes produced in a Lurgi gasification plant and fly ash from a pulverized coal combustion. The ashes contained hematite, magnetite, and goethite. Sixty percent or more of the iron in these ashes was in the oxide form, with the remainder present in mullite and other silicate phases. Iron was divalent in the latter, and present as both Fe+2 and Fe+3 in mullite. Ratios of Fe+2 and Fe+3 varied from 0.3 to 0.7. By comparison, a water-quenched molten bottom ash was free of iron oxides and contained only amorphous silicate phases with virtually all iron in the divalent state.
COUNTERSTAINED ENHANCEMENT OF TAQI RESISTANT SITES AFTER DISTAMYCIN A/DIAMIDINOPHENYLINDOLE TREATMENT

Numerous selective and differential staining techniques have been used to investigate the hierarchical organisation of the human genome. This investigation demonstrates the unique characteristics that are produced on fixed human chromosomes when sequential procedures involving restriction endonuclease TaqI, distamycin A (DA) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) are employed. TaqI produces extensive gaps in the heterochromatic regions associated with satellite II and III DNAs of human chromosomes 1, 9, 15, 16 and Y. DA/DAPI selectively highlights, as brightly fluorescent C-bands, the heterochromatin associated with the alpha, beta, satellite II and III DNAs of these chromosomes. When DA and DAPI are used on chromosomes before TaqI digestion, and then stained with Giemsa, the centromeric regions appear to be more resistant, producing a distinct C-banding pattern and gaps in the heterochromatin regions. Sequential use of the DA/DAPI technique after TaqI treatment produces a bright fluorescence on the remaining pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y, which also displayed a cytochemically unique banding pattern. This approach has produced specific enhanced chromosomal bands, which may serve as tools to characterize genomic heterochromatin at a fundamental level.
Malnutrition, body size and proportion

A number of published and unpublished collections of data on stature, weight, and sitting height are compared with the data collected in Heliconia, Colombia, an area of known protein deficiency. The degree of sexual dimorphism for body size within populations is compared across populations. The relative proportion of sitting height to stature is compared for the Heliconia, U.S., and Nunoa, Peru populations. In these comparisons, it is found that body proportions and sexual dimorphism are relatively constant in various parts of the world, but that this constancy is maintained by differential growth rates in males and females, with males growing more slowly but for a longer period of time under stress. The probable influence of other factors, including sociological and psychological ones is pointed out, as is the possible role of selection producing some genetic differences in body size.
Adolescent Alienation: What Is It and What Can Educators Do About It?

Adolescent alienation is a difficult problem facing many U.S. schools. A better understanding of the parameters and defining factors of student alienation could provide useful information concerning needed school modifications. This article defines alienation, discusses the constructs of alienation, suggests questions educators can ask if they suspect a student is feeling alienated, and discusses strategies/interventions school staff and educators can use to decrease student alienation.