cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonconscious Priming After 17 Years Invulnerable Implicit Memory

Individuals who saw pictures for 1 to 3 s in the laboratory were tested 17 years later by mail. Identification rates were significantly higher for fragments from these previously exposed targets than for novel fragments, whereas the same stimuli evoked no differences in control groups that had not been previously exposed to the pictures. Priming—the memorial advantage conferred by prior perceptual experience—was stable over the years (r = .51). Priming was dissociated from episodic memory, in that it was present even in subjects who reported no conscious recollection of their participation in the original laboratory session. These findings suggest that the perceptual representation system is an invulnerable memory system functioning below conscious awareness.
Variable Efficacy of Calcium Carbonate Tablets

Orally administered calcium carbonate tablets are commonly prescribed as a calcium supplement and for their phosphate-binding effects in renal failure patients. Two cases are reported in which a commercially available brand of calcium carbonate tablets appeared to be ineffective. Formal investigation of the bioavailability of this product revealed it to have impaired disintegration and dissolution and a lack of clinical efficacy. Recommendations that will enable physicians to avoid prescribing and pharmacists to avoid dispensing ineffective calcium carbonate tablets are proposed.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease impact upon outcomes: the veterans affairs randomized on/off bypass trial.

respectively; p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in the 30-day (7.3% vs 7.6%, p [ 1.00) or 1-year composite outcome rates (9.5% vs 7.1%, p [ 0.39) between the groups. Comparing the COPD patients with propensity-matched non-COPD patients, there was no difference in 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (including the 1-year composite major adverse cardiac events (MACE) outcome, as well as the individual MACE outcomes for all cause death, acute myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization). Conclusions. In COPD patients, there were more intraoperative complications and no differences in 30-day or 1-year outcomes with OPCAB as compared with ONCAB. Similar to patients without COPD, there was no benefit to using an OPCAB approach in COPD patients.
Virus-templated Au and Au/Pt Core/shell Nanowires and Their Electrocatalytic Activitives for Fuel Cell Applications.

A facile synthetic route was developed to make Au nanowires (NWs) from surfactant-mediated bio-mineralization of a genetically engineered M13 phage with specific Au binding peptides. From the selective interaction between Au binding M13 phage and Au ions in aqueous solution, Au NWs with uniform diameter were synthesized at room temperature with yields greater than 98% without the need for size selection. The diameters of Au NWs were controlled from 10 nm to 50 nm. The Au NWs were found to be active for electrocatalytic oxidation of CO molecules for all sizes, where the activity was highly dependent on the surface facets of Au NWs. This low-temperature high yield method of preparing Au NWs was further extended to the synthesis of Au–Pt core–shell NWs with controlled coverage of Pt shell layers. Electro-catalytic studies of ethanol oxidation with different Pt loading showed enhanced activity relative to a commercial supported Pt catalyst, indicative of the dual functionality of Pt for the ethanol oxidation and Au for the anti-poisoning component of Pt. These new one-dimensional noble metal NWs with controlled compositions could facilitate the design of new alloy materials with tunable properties.
Role of anti-β 2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies in ESRD patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Vaidya S, Daller J, Gugliuzza K. Role of anti-β 2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies in ESRD patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Clin Transplant 2002: 16: 362–367. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002 Introduction. End stage renal disorder (ESRD) patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) are at high risk for the development of post-transplant renal thrombosis. Positive titre of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) is considered a major characteristic of APAS. However, several studies have suggested that ACA in patients with APAS do not bind to phospholipids alone. Beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (β2gp1), a 40-kD plasma protein is required. In this study, we have tested a hypothesis that significant portions of our ESRD patients with APAS have antibodies only to β2gp1. Methods: Serum samples from each of 169 ESRD patients waiting for cadaver renal transplant in August 2000 were tested for ACA and anti-β 2gp1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) method. Twenty-four of these patients had clotting disorders that met the criteria established by the Eighth International Symposium on Antiphospholipid Antibodies ([8]). They included frequent areterio–venous (a–v) shunt thrombosis, cerebrovascular thrombosis, lupus, frequent abortions and microrenal angiopathy. Results: Thirty-three of the patients (20%) had positive titre of either ACA or β2gp1 or both. Twenty-eight patients had ACA antibodies, of which eight had no evidence of clotting disorder while remaining 20 patients had various clotting disorders. Fourteen of these 20 patients with APAS had the positive titre of ACA only; the remaining six patients had both the antibodies, i.e. anti-β2gp1 as well as ACA. There were four patients with APAS that had positive titres of only β2gp1 antibodies. In total there were 11 patients with β2gp1 antibodies, 10 of which had APAS, the remaining one did not. The sensitivity and the specificity of ACA test were 83 and 94%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity of β2gp1 antibody test were 71 and 99%, respectively. The chi-square analysis demonstrated that there was statistically significant correlation between positive titres of both the antibodies and the presence of APAS. Conclusion: The APAS in the ESRD patients should be characterized by not only the positive titre of ACA but also the positive titres of anti-β2gp1 antibodies in association with history of clotting disorder.
Love, Money, or Flexibility: What Motivates People to Work in Consumer-Directed Home Care?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of wages and benefits (relative to other jobs available to workers), controlling for personal characteristics, on the recruitment and retention of providers working in a consumer-directed home care program. Design and Methods: I used the results of focus groups to design a survey that was administered to 2,260 workers stratified by ethnicity and working in eight California counties that represented the range of wage and benefit packages available. I used logistic regression to measure the effect of wage and benefit levels, controlling for covariates, on home care workers’ stated reason for entering and remaining in the job. Results: Two thirds of respondents reported that commitment to their consumer was the most important reason why they took the job and flexibility was the second most important reason, regardless of wages and benefits and personal characteristics. However, in the county in which very part-time workers were eligible, health insurance was the most important reason for retention. Wage levels above $9 an hour mattered somewhat, especially where the increase was recent. Family providers responded to wage and benefit incentives similarly to non-family providers. Implications: To improve recruitment and retention of consumerdirected home care workers, jobs should be flexible and provide affordable health insurance for part-time workers. The effect of wages suggests that recruitment might be improved with higher wages, but only when they reach the $9 to $10 range (in 2004 dollars). Finally, policy must recognize that family caregivers have financial needs similar to non-family caregivers.
A sex-ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila simulans. II: An X-linked Distorter

The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes creates a genetic condition favoring the invasion of sex-ratio meiotic drive elements, resulting in the biased transmission of one sex chromosome over the other, in violation of Mendel's first law. The molecular mechanisms of sex-ratio meiotic drive may therefore help us to understand the evolutionary forces shaping the meiotic behavior of the sex chromosomes. Here we characterize a sex-ratio distorter on the X chromosome (Dox) in Drosophila simulans by genetic and molecular means. Intriguingly, Dox has very limited coding capacity. It evolved from another X-linked gene, which also evolved de nova. Through retrotransposition, Dox also gave rise to an autosomal suppressor, not much yang (Nmy). An RNA interference mechanism seems to be involved in the suppression of the Dox distorter by the Nmy suppressor. Double mutant males of the genotype dox; nmy are normal for both sex-ratio and spermatogenesis. We postulate that recurrent bouts of sex-ratio meiotic drive and its subsequent suppression might underlie several common features observed in the heterogametic sex, including meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and achiasmy.
Teleautonomous systems: projecting and coordinating intelligent action at a distance

The authors have coined the term teleautonomous to describe methods for producing intelligent action at a distance. Teleautomation goes beyond autonomous control in that it blends in human intelligence and action as appropriate. It goes beyond teleoperation in that it incorporates as much autonomy as is possible or reasonable. A novel approach for solving one of the fundamental problems facing teleautonomous systems is discussed in detail: the need to overcome time delays due to telemetry and signal propagation. Concepts called time and position clutches are introduced; these allow the time and position frames, respectively, between the local user control and the remote device being controlled to be desynchronized. The design and implementation of these mechanisms lead to substantial telemanipulation performance improvements, including the novel result of improvements even in the absence of time delays. The controls also yield a simple protocol for handoffs of the control of manipulation tasks between local operators and remote systems. >
Growth Empirics without Parameters

Recent research on growth empirics has focused on resolving model and variable uncertainty. The conventional approach has been to assume a linear growth process and then to proceed with investigating the relevant variables that determine cross-country growth. This article questions the linearity assumption underlying the vast majority of such research and uses recently developed non-parametric techniques to handle non-linearities as well as select relevant variables. We show that inclusion of non-linearities is necessary for determining the empirically relevant variables and uncovering key mechanisms of the growth process.
Impact of Low-Energy Proton Induced Upsets on Test Methods and Rate Predictions

Direct ionization from low energy protons is shown to cause upsets in a 65-nm bulk CMOS SRAM, consistent with results reported for other deep submicron technologies. The experimental data are used to calibrate a Monte Carlo rate prediction model, which is used to evaluate the importance of this upset mechanism in typical space environments. For the ISS orbit and a geosynchronous (worst day) orbit, direct ionization from protons is a major contributor to the total error rate, but for a geosynchronous (solar min) orbit, the proton flux is too low to cause a significant number of events. The implications of these results for hardness assurance are discussed.
Spanking of Young Children Do Immigrant and U.S.-Born Hispanic Parents Differ?

Building on prior research showing fewer parenting risk behaviors and lower levels of harsh punishment among less acculturated Hispanic parents, we tested the hypothesis that foreign-born (FB; immigrant) Hispanic parents use less spanking toward children at 3 years and 5 years of age than U.S.-born Hispanic parents. We also examined whether other indicators of acculturation-endorsement of traditional gender norms and religiosity-showed any direct or indirect effects in explaining the hypothesized association. Path model analyses were conducted with a sample of Hispanic mothers (n = 1,089) and fathers (n = 650). Cross-sectional and time lagged path models controlling for a wide range of psychosocial and demographic confounds indicated that, when compared with U.S.-born Hispanic parents, FB Hispanic mothers and fathers used less spanking toward their young children. In cross-sectional analysis only, mothers' greater endorsement of traditional gender norms had small protective effects on spanking. Although fathers' endorsement of traditional gender norms was not a significant direct predictor of spanking, there was a significant indirect effect of nativity status on spanking mediated by endorsement of traditional gender norms. Religiosity showed no relation to spanking for either mothers or fathers. Immigrant status may be an important protective factor that is associated with lower levels of parenting aggression among Hispanic mothers and fathers living in the United States.
The effects of pH, pepsin, exchange cation, and vitamins on aflatoxin adsorption on smectite in simulated gastric fluids

Abstract Aflatoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that are present in a variety of crops. Adding bentonites to aflatoxin contaminated feed could reduce the toxicity to animals, yet a complete toxicity protection has not been achieved. The aflatoxin (AfB1) adsorption by bentonite in the gastrointestinal tract could be hindered by the competition of proteins and other nutrients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) the effect of simulated gastric fluid protein (pepsin) and pH on aflatoxin adsorption by smectite, 2) the influence of the exchangeable cation of smectite on the aflatoxin adsorption in simulated gastric conditions, 3) the competition of vitamins with aflatoxin molecules for adsorption sites on the smectite, and 4) the aflatoxin adsorption in the presence of vitamin B1 in the simulated fluid. Aflatoxin adsorption isotherms were performed in water and simulated gastric fluids for smectites saturated with Na, Ca and Ba. The intercalation of pepsin in the smectite was confirmed with XRD and FTIR. The vitamin (B1, D and E) interaction was quantified with adsorption isotherms, too. Aflatoxin adsorption on smectite was reduced in the simulated gastric solution, due to the intercalation of pepsin onto the smectite. The exchangeable cation showed low or negligible effect on the aflatoxin adsorption in the simulated GF. Vitamin B1 was adsorbed by the clay. Proteins and hydrophilic vitamins competed with aflatoxin molecules for adsorption sites on smectite. In the interlayer space of smectite, large molecules as pepsin could block the hydrophobic sites required for aflatoxins. Yet, vitamin B1 could compete with proteins and enhance the adsorption of aflatoxin by yielding the hydrophobic domains on smectite surface.
Parent Civic Beliefs, Civic Participation, Socialization Practices, and Child Civic Engagement

We examined civic engagement in middle childhood and the degree to which parents’ civic beliefs (i.e., social trust and civic efficacy), civic participation, and socialization practices were associated with indicators of children's civic engagement (i.e., social responsibility and civic values). Survey data were collected from 359 racially, ethnically, and economically diverse upper elementary students and their parents from six schools in Southern California. The results of path analyses indicated that higher levels of parent social trust were associated with higher levels of community responsibility and civic values in children. Additionally, parent social trust, civic efficacy, and civic participation were indirectly associated with children's community responsibility and civic values through children's perception of their parents as civic role models. Findings suggest that parents’ civic beliefs and civic participation are meaningful to children's civic engagement.
Incidental finding of a huge ovarian serous cystadenoma in an adolescent female with menorrhagia

Pelvic tumors in adolescent females are very uncommon. While the most common presentation is pelvic discomfort, we report the case of a 14-year-old female presenting with menorrhagia which is an unusual initial complaint for a large pelvic tumor. Adolescent females who present with heavy menstrual bleeding initially undergo assessment to rule out a bleeding disorder. In this case, careful history and physical examination helped in making a quick diagnosis and management. Ultrasound of abdomen showed a huge cystic mass due to serous cystadenoma of the ovary.
An Analysis of the Factors Influencing White Bodywork Size from the Perspective of Technological Process and Control Methods

The precision of bodywork size is at the core of vehicle matching and body manufacture.The technological process of is regarded as a primary element matters the manufacture of white bodywork.During the process,some systematic problems include identifying the key size control point by car performance,matching level between test instruments and tool equipment and the course controls these elements.
Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer: Small Steps Toward Precision Medicine

In current practice, the choice of which adjuvant therapy to use for colon cancer is determined mainly on the basis of the patient’s TNM stage. Patients with stage III cancers are most commonly considered candidates for a fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin treatment; those with stage II cancers, for a fluoropyrimidine alone or no postsurgical therapy. This standard of care has not changed for more than a decade. 1 With the exception of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) status (which characterizes a subgroup of 15% to 20% of patients with stage II disease who have excellent prognosis and thus no need for adjuvant therapy 2 ), no molecular markers or marker signatures have made relevant inroads into clinical practice. Commercial tests using a limited gene-expression profile analysis are currently being marketed as decision tools for the use of adjuvant therapy in patients with stage II colon cancer, but since these tests have shown only prognostic and not predictive value, their utility in clinical practice is limited. 3 This is in contrast to the situation in metastatic colorectal cancer, for which biomarkers are increasingly being used to guide treatment decisions in clinical practice. Activating mutations in exons 2, 3, and 4 of KRAS and NRAS genes have been established as negative predictive markers for the activity of anti–epidermal growth factor receptors such as cetuximab and panitumumab. 4 Patients whose tumors show BRAF V600E mutations are known to have a very poor prognosis, and intensified chemotherapy regimens as well as combinations of targeted agents are being developed for this
Intestinal supply of amino acids in steers fed ruminally degradable and undegradable crude protein sources alone and in combination.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of combining ruminally degradable and undegradable CP sources on ruminal microbial protein synthesis and postruminal N and amino acid (AA) flows in steers. Six steers fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were fed diets containing corn silage and high-moisture corn supplemented with urea, soybean meal (SBM), dry corn gluten feed (DCGF), a combination of corn gluten meal and blood meal (CB), or SBM and DCGF in combination with CB. Estimated ruminal N escapes for SBM, DCGF, and CB were 32, 25, and 68%, respectively. Supplemental CP sources supplied 35 to 40% of diet CP (12.5% CP diets). Dry matter intake was adjusted to 2.3% of BW for each steer in each period. Total N flow at the duodenum decreased (P < .01) when the diet was supplemented with urea vs other proteins due to decreased (P < .01) flow of nonmicrobial N. However, microbial N and AA flows were greater (P < .05) for urea than for other protein supplements. Disappearance of OM and NDF in the stomach decreased (P < .07) or was numerically lower but nonmicrobial N at the duodenum increased (P < .08) as CB replaced SBM or DCGF in the diet. Protein source had little effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics except that ruminal ammonia N (NH3N) concentration was higher (P < .05) for urea than for other treatments. Total AA and essential AA flows to and disappearance from the small intestine increased (P < .06) as CB replaced DCGF. However, substituting CB for SBM had little effect on intestinal flows and disappearance of AA. These data suggest that source of ruminally degradable CP can influence the efficacy of feeding ruminally degradable and undegradable CP in combination. In general, source of supplemental CP had a greater effect on the quantity than on the profile of absorbable AA supplied to the duodenum.
Midazolam causes less sedation in volunteers with red hair.

We studied sedation, cognition, and mood during midazolam infusion in volunteers with red and non-red (blond or brown) hair, to test the hypothesis that patients with red hair may require more drugs to attain desired levels of sedation. Twenty red and 19 non-red hair subjects were studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design. Subjects were studied during placebo and midazolam at 30 ng· mL−1 target effect site concentration. Sedation was assessed using the observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) scale, the drowsiness visual analogue scale (VAS), and the bispectral index; cognition was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; and mood was assessed using the bipolar form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Red hair volunteers showed significantly higher OAA/S (P < 0.01) and lower drowsiness VAS (P < 0.05) scores compared to non-red hair subjects during midazolam infusion. Visuospatial score was significantly higher in subjects with red compared to nonred hair during placebo and midazolam trials. Delayed memory score was significantly higher during midazolam infusion in subjects with red compared to non-red hair. There were no group differences in POMS during either trials. Midazolam appears to cause significantly less sedation and cognitive impairment in red haired subjects.
Growth and Reproduction of the Dorid Nudibranch Onchidoris muricata Fed Native and Invasive Bryozoan Prey

Abstract: Invasion of the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea to the Gulf of Maine provided an additional prey resource to the dorid nudibranch Onchidoris muricata (Muller, 1776). We examined prey choice based on past diet history and compared growth and reproductive output among laboratory-reared O. muricata on exclusive bryozoan diets of M. membranacea and the native, historically preferred prey, Electra pilosa. Adult nudibranchs were collected from Cape Neddick, York, Maine for the prey choice experiment and post-metamorphic juveniles were collected from Jaffery Point, Newcastle, New Hampshire for the growth and reproduction experiments. Nudibranchs were laboratory reared under controlled conditions for up to 10 months until completion of spawning. Growth was monitored biweekly, and reproductive performance was assessed with a weight-adjusted dimensionless reproductive index (ΣRI) of each individual's spawn summed over the reproductive period. Prey choice experiments showed nudibranchs tended to select p...
1627 and Herbert’s Mother

The funeral of Lady Magdalene Herbert was held on June 8, 1627, and, during the next month, George wrote 15 epigrams in Latin and 4 in Greek. Entitled Memoriae Matris Sacrum, the work was published on July 7 with Donne’s commemorative sermon. Many have approached these poems as representing Herbert’s retirement from public life. However the sequence provides evidence of the hard work he invested in preparation for office and his frustration at lack of preferment. It is true that there is very little sign of his public activity during the six years between his readiness to be a deacon in November 1624 and his ordination as priest in September 1630. We have almost no verifiable evidence of his actions in 1625 and 1628, and 1627 is marked primarily by the poems written for his mother. However, he was engaged in a number of public labors in 1626, both secular and religious. It is therefore difficult to believe that Herbert had instituted for himself a full-fledged policy of retreat from the world. The best explanation for the inactivity of 1625, 1627, and 1628 is a combination of sickness and unemployment.1
Hypothalamic Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei

The supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei are the principal sources of the neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. In both nuclei, these hormones are synthesized in large (magnocellular) neurons that are critical for cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis (vasopressin), parturition (oxytocin), and lactation (oxytocin). While the supraoptic nucleus is composed almost exclusively of magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin neurons, the paraventricular nucleus is more complex, consisting not only of magnocellular groups like the supraoptic nucleus, but with additional projection neurons that as a group have small cell bodies (parvocellular). Some of these parvocellular neurons are also neurosecretory, and provide the principal innervation of the external layer of the eminence. Here factors controlling the secretion of adenohypophysial hormones (e.g., corticotropin releasing hormone releases adrenocorticotropin) are released and carried to the adenohypophysis in the portal vein. A third group of neurons projects outside the hypothalamus, in large measure to preautonomic and related brainstem nuclei, and to the spinal cord.
Reply to Dai et al.

To the Editor: My colleagues and I appreciate the interest in our epidemiological finding that affective-cognitive symptoms of depression are associated with subsequent exacerbation of Crohn’s disease, controlling for multiple confounders (1). The letter by Dai et al. (2) raises a number of important clinical implications and suggests several areas of future investigation.
Validation and numerical parameter study of a semi-empirical trailing edge noise model

This paper presents the validation and numerical parameter study of a semi-empirical trailing edge noise model. Turbulent boundary layer trailing edge noise is the main contributor of wind turbine noise and aircraft airframe noise. To predict this self-noise generated due to the interaction between a turbulent boundary layer flow and an airfoil trailing edge, a semi-empirical model was developed in NASA. The model has been widely used in academia and industry to predict the trailing edge noise. The capabilities and limitations of this semi-empirical model is further studied in this paper by comparing the predictions of the model with experimental data that were presented in a recent Benchmark Problems for Airframe Noise Computations (BANC) workshop. In order to better understand the behavior of trailing edge noise with operating conditions, numerical parameter study is investigated by varying variables such as chord length, Reynolds number, and Mach number.
Cognition in Duchenne Dystrophy and Mutation Site

Cognitive profiles of 42 Italian school-age children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were studied in relation to the site of mutations along the dystrophin gene, distal vs proximal, involving or sparing the expression of Dp140, respectively.
figshare for Institutions

figshare for Institutions is an online digital repository designed to allow academic organizations to store, manage, and publicly share their research outputs, including research data, posters, figures, videos, and papers. Organizations can choose to make some research private, while employing figshare for Institutions to meet funder requirements for open access and/or data management. By creating a public portal and assigning digital object identifiers (DOIs), figshare makes an organization's research products searchable, discoverable, and citable, and their impact is captured through detailed statistical reporting. figshare for Institutions is a paid version of the no-cost figshare.com digital repository that is available for researchers to publicly share their outputs.
Multiple and asymmetrical origin of polyploid dog rose hybrids (Rosa L. sect. Caninae (DC.) Ser.) involving unreduced gametes

Background and aims Polyploidy and hybridization are important factors for generating diversity in plants. The species-rich dog roses ( Rosa sect. Caninae ) originated by allopolyploidy and are characterized by unbalanced meiosis producing polyploid egg cells (usually 4 x ) and haploid sperm cells (1 x ). In extant natural stands species hybridize spontaneously, but the extent of natural hybridization is unknown. The aim of the study was to document the frequency of reciprocal hybridization between the subsections Rubigineae and Caninae with special reference to the contribution of unreduced egg cells (5 x ) producing 6 x offspring after fertilization with reduced (1 x ) sperm cells. We tested whether hybrids arose by independent multiple events or via a single or few incidences followed by a subsequent spread of hybrids. Methods Population genetics of 45 mixed stands of dog roses across central and south-eastern Europe were analysed using microsatellite markers and flow cytometry. Hybrids were recognized by the presence of diagnostic alleles and multivariate statistics were used to display the relationships between parental species and hybrids. Key results Among plants classified to subsect. Rubigineae , 32 % hybridogenic individuals were detected but only 8 % hybrids were found in plants assigned to subsect. Caninae . This bias between reciprocal crossings was accompanied by a higher ploidy level in Rubigineae hybrids, which originated more frequently by unreduced egg cells. Genetic patterns of hybrids were strongly geographically structured, supporting their independent origin. Conclusions The biased crossing barriers between subsections are explained by the facilitated production of unreduced gametes in subsect. Rubigineae . Unreduced egg cells probably provide the highly homologous chromosome sets required for correct chromosome pairing in hybrids. Furthermore, the higher frequency of Rubigineae hybrids is probably influenced by abundance effects because the plants of subsect. Caninae are much more abundant and thus provide large quantities of pollen. Hybrids are formed spontaneously, leading to highly diverse mixed stands, which are insufficiently characterized by the actual taxonomy.
Neutron Rethermalization in Graphite and Water

Integral experiments have been conducted to study rethermalization in moderating media having temperature discontinuities. Neutron absorption rates of Cu63, Au197, and Lu176 have been observed near...
An Exploration of Self-Transcendence Through Solo-Travel

Self-Transcendence (ST) and related topics have gained increasing popularity among populations such as Americans. Strong evidence of ST's positive effect on individual's life has been found in literature across disciplines. Despite its importance and popularity, research in this topic has remained rather silent in the design community. In this paper, we explored and constructed a framework to help understand ST experience through the study of solo travelers. Solo travelers were found to have ample opportunities to reflect, especially outside of themselves, and thus studying solo travelers provided us with a platform to understand ST experiences.
Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (chronic myelomonocytic leukemia without absolute monocytosis) displays a similar clinicopathologic and mutational profile to classical chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is characterized by persistent absolute monocytosis (≥1 × 109/l) in the peripheral blood and dysplasia in ≥1 lineages. In the absence of dysplasia, an acquired clonal genetic abnormality is required or causes for reactive monocytosis have to be excluded. Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia showing increased monocytes but no absolute monocytosis in the peripheral blood occurs occasionally. These cases are likely classified as myelodysplastic syndrome or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable. A subset eventually develop overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Better characterization of oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is essential since the distinction between chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome is clinically relevant. We identified 44 cases of oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (≥10% peripheral blood monocytes with absolute monocyte count of 0.5-1 × 109/l) and 28 consecutive chronic myelomonocytic leukemia controls. Clinicopathologic features were compared and mutation analysis was performed. Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients were significantly younger (median age of 65 vs 72). They had lower WBC and absolute neutrophil count, while the monocyte percentage, hemoglobin and platelet counts were similar in the two groups. The myeloid to erythroid ratio was predominantly decreased or normal, compared with the characteristic increase in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (P=0.006). 38% of patients progressed to overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (median: 12 months). The overall percentage of mutations was significantly lower in oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. However, the most frequent mutations in both groups were the 'signature' chronic myelomonocytic leukemia mutations in ASXL1, TET2 and SRSF2. Mutations in CBL were found exclusively in overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In conclusion, we demonstrate clinical and genetic similarities between overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The findings suggest that at least a subset of oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia represents early phase 'dysplastic type' chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
Neonatal infection produces significant changes in immune function with no associated learning deficits in juvenile rats

The current experiments examined the impact of early-life immune activation and a subsequent mild immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 25µg/kg) on hippocampal-dependent learning, proinflammatory cytokine expression in the brain, and peripheral immune function in juvenile male and female rats at P24, an age when hippocampal-dependent learning and memory first emerges. Our results indicate that neonatal infection did not produce learning deficits in the hippocampal-dependent context pre-exposure facilitation effect (CPFE) paradigm in juvenile males and females, contrary to what has been observed in adults. Neonatal infection produced an increase in baseline IL-1β expression in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex of juvenile rats. Furthermore, neonatally infected rats showed exaggerated IL-1β expression in the hippocampus following LPS treatment as juveniles; and juvenile females, but not males, showed exaggerated IL-1β expression in the medial prefrontal cortex following LPS treatment. Neonatal infection attenuated the production of IL-6 expression following LPS treatment in both the brain and the spleen, and neonatal infection decreased the numbers of circulating white blood cells in juvenile males and females, an effect that was further exacerbated by subsequent LPS treatment. Together, our data indicate that the consequences of neonatal infection are detectable even early in juvenile development, though we found no concomitant hippocampal-dependent learning deficits at this young age. These findings underscore the need to consider age and associated on-going neurodevelopmental processes as important factors contributing to the emergence of cognitive and behavioral disorders linked to early-life immune activation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Abstract P066: Imaging Autophagy in Living Mice

Autophagy is a homeostatic response to cellular stress. It has been shown to be potently upregulated in the heart in response to a variety of interventions. However, to date, it has not been possible to monitor autophagy without sacrificing the animal. Here we report the use of the Caliper Life Sciences Spectrum In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) to image autophagy in homozygous transgenic mice expressing mCherryLC3 under control of the alpha myosin heavy chain promoter. Autophagy was stimulated by the administration of rapamycin (2mg/kg), and autophagosomal flux was blocked by administration of chloroquine (10mg/kg) ip. Mice were imaged at baseline and four hours later, using a protocol of 3 acquisitions of 15 seconds each. Total flux was 3.19±0.72 before drug administration and 3.93+1.10 after 4 hr, p<;0.01, n=14. These results show for the first time imaging of autophagy in hearts of live mice.
Police recording of custodial interrogations: A state-by-state legal inquiry

The Supreme Court of the United States recognized in its seminal case Miranda v Arizona, 384 US 436 (1966) that police used overly coercive techniques during custodial interrogations to obtain conf...
Detecting and Understanding Donor Strategies in Midterm Elections

What explains how political donors decide where to give? Existing research indicates that people donate money to express support for a preferred political “team” and enjoy the emotional benefits of...
MVP: predicting pathogenicity of missense variants by deep learning

Abstract Accurate pathogenicity prediction of missense variants is critical to improve power in genetic studies and accurate interpretation in clinical genetic testing. Here we describe a new prediction method, MVP, which uses a deep learning approach to leverage large training data sets and many correlated predictors. Using cancer mutation hotspots and de novo germline mutations from developmental disorders for benchmarking, MVP achieved better performance in prioritizing pathogenic missense variants than previous methods.
Inhibition of necroptosis attenuates lung injury and improves survival in neonatal sepsis.

Abstract Background Neonatal sepsis represents a unique therapeutic challenge owing to an immature immune system. Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that has been identified as an important mechanism of inflammation-induced cell death. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 plays a key role in mediating this process. We hypothesized that pharmacologic blockade of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 activity would be protective in neonatal sepsis. Methods Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mouse pups (5-7 days old) by intraperitoneal injection of adult cecal slurry. At 1 hour after cecal slurry injection, the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (10 µg/g body weight) or vehicle (5% dimethyl sulfoxide in phosphate buffered saline) was administered via retro-orbital injection. At 20 hours after cecal slurry injection, blood and lung tissues were collected for various analyses. Results At 20 hours after sepsis induction, vehicle-treated pups showed a marked increase in serum levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 18 compared to sham. With necrostatin-1 treatment, serum levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 18 were decreased by 77%, 81%, and 63%, respectively, compared to vehicle. In the lungs, sepsis induction resulted in a 232-, 10-, and 2.8-fold increase in interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 18 mRNA levels compared to sham, while necrostatin-1 treatment decreased these levels to 40-, 4-, and 0.8-fold, respectively. Expressions of the neutrophil chemokines keratinocyte chemoattractant and macrophage-inflammatory-protein-2 were also increased in the lungs in sepsis, while necrostatin-1 treatment decreased these levels by 81% and 61%, respectively, compared to vehicle. In addition, necrostatin-1 treatment significantly improved the lung histologic injury score and decreased lung apoptosis in septic pups. Finally, treatment with necrostatin-1 increased the 7-day survival rate from 0% in the vehicle-treated septic pups to 29% (P = .11). Conclusion Inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 by necrostatin-1 decreases systemic and pulmonary inflammation, decreases lung injury, and increases survival in neonatal mice with sepsis. Targeting the necroptosis pathway might represent a new therapeutic strategy for neonatal sepsis.
Von innen gesehen

Die besonderen Zeichen, aus denen sich die schriftliche mathematische Uberlieferung zum Teil zusammensetzt, bilden eine vielfaltige und farbige Erganzung zu den Zeichen der naturlichen Sprachen. Der Grundschuler kennt rasch die Ziffern 0, 1, 2, 3,...., 9 und lernt schon bald, sie in vielfaltiger Weise miteinander zu verknupfen, sie nach den Regeln des Dezimalsystems einzuteilen und zu exponieren. Er lernt auch die Operationszeichen +, −, × (oder ·),: (oder /) sowie \(\sqrt {} ,\sqrt[3]{{}}\) Er lernt die Zeichen fur besondere mathematischen Grosen wie ð (= 3,14159...) oder besondere Interpretationen wie das Gradzeichen in 30° oder 45°. Er lernt Gruppierungszeichen wie ( ), { } und Relationszeichen wie =, >, <. Durch diese Zeichen erhalt eine einfache Seite Arithmetik leicht den Anstrich des Geheimnisvollen, Mystischen. Daher kommt es wohl auch, das Sonderlinge und Eigenbrotler, die ihre eigene Privatmathematik erfinden, haufig viel Sorgfalt und Stolz auf die Entwicklung eines eigenen Vokabulars exzentrischer mathematischer Zeichen verwenden.
Chapter 12 – Epilog

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a brief recapitulation of most of the important features of the metabolism and roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as well as the nature of the interactions between heparinoids and the proteins to which they bind. It is absolutely clear that the heparin- binding properties of proteins are, for the most part, a reflection of important interactions of secreted proteins with the heparan sulfate chains of the cell surface. In some cases, HSPG binds proteins which bind to other non-heparan sulfate binding proteins. In this manner, the HSPG bound protein serves as a tether for a protein that does not itself bind to HSPG. Such proteins are also stabilized and protected from proteolysis on the cell surface. Usually, the role of HSPG is extended beyond its direct adhesion to heparin binding proteins. Heparinoids cannot serve as chaperones for heparin binding proteins during the secretion of such proteins. Failure of HSPG to act as a chaperone during secretion has been usually demonstrated for lipoprotein lipase. Most of the studies of the binding of specific heparinoid structures to proteins have been carried out using heparins and heparin derivatives, but not heparan sulfates. Unfortunately, heparin cannot be convened to derivatives that will mimic the structures of heparan sulfates.
Action of aldosterone on transepithelial sodium transport.

This review of the mechanism of action of aldosterone will draw principally from experimental observations derived from isolated anuran (tailless amphibian) skin and urinary bladder. When appropriate, information from mammalian kidney experiments will be cited. Previous reviews of this subject include those of Crabbe (1963a), Sharp and Leaf (1966), Edelman (1968; 1969), Edelman and Fanestil (1970), Fanestil (1969) and Pelletier et al. (1972). In addition, Voute (1972) has edited a recent symposium of aldosterone and active sodium transport across epithelia.
Students as Economic Actors, Past and Present

In this essay, Jennifer Light examines the ideal versus the reality of the “unproductive student,” the young person who puts off work in favor of schooling to develop their human capital for later workforce participation. The economic status of student activities has been the source of recent controversy with college athletes and graduate teaching assistants seeking greater recognition for the value they generate in terms of revenues and cost savings, while educational institutions push back against claims that students are employees. Missing from these discussions is the recognition that students have routinely made economic contributions to American schools while educators have located the significance of these contributions in their educational rather than financial value. Here, Light traces the history of students' everyday participation in the construction and maintenance of public schools. With insights from economic sociology, she shows how students came to be seen as noneconomic actors despite amp...
Bioreactor System to Perfuse Mesentery Microvascular Networks and Study Flow Effects During Angiogenesis

A challenge for engineering models of angiogenesis is mimicking the physiological complexity of real microvascular networks. Utilizing an alternative top-down tissue culture approach, our laborator...
Geometric Control and Differential Flatness of a Quadrotor UAV with Load Suspended from a Pulley

We study a quadrotor with a cable-suspended load, where the cable length can be controlled by applying a torque on a pulley attached to the quadrotor. A coordinate-free dynamical model of the quadrotor-pulley-load system with nine degrees-of-freedom and four degrees-of-underactuation is obtained by taking variations on manifolds. Under the assumption that the radius of the pulley is much smaller than the length of cable, the quadrotor-pulley-load system is established to be a differentially-flat system with the load position, the quadrotor yaw angle and the cable length serving as the flat outputs. A nonlinear geometric controller is developed, that enables tracking of outputs defined by either (a) quadrotor attitude, (b) load attitude, (c) load position and cable length. Specifically, the design of the controllers for load position and cable length are taken into consideration as a whole unit due to the dynamical coupling of the quadrotor-pulley-load system. Stability proofs for the control design in each case and a simulation of the proposed controller to navigate through a sequence of windows of varying sizes is presented.
Understanding children with cerebral palsy and bullying: A mixed methods approach.

AIM The study aims to explore the views of children with cerebral palsy (CP) regarding their experiences being bullied and their perceptions of their primary bully. METHOD Forty-three children aged 10-18 with CP were given the California Bullying Victimization Scale. Fourteen of the children shared a bullying experience orally or written after the survey. Using a mixed methods analysis, the survey answers were tabulated with descriptive statistics and analysed by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. The comments were coded to determine qualitative responses. RESULTS Most bullied children viewed the bully as less than or at least equal to them regarding popularity (73%), performance in schoolwork (85%), and physical strength (56%). Bullied children preferentially told an adult at home. Code words and common categories of bullying were determined from their experiences. INTERPRETATION Children with CP experience bullying but do not view themselves as inferior to their bully in popularity, intelligence, or physical strength. Most bullied participants confided in an adult at home. Children with GMFCS Levels 1, 2, and 3 seem to be at greater risk for bullying than children with GMFCS Levels 4 and 5. Children with CP demonstrate individualized strategies for resilience with reliance on adults for resources.
Paravalvular leak closure with real time transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy fusion.

Transcatheter technology has been increasingly used for paravalvular leak closure. We report the use of “Fusion Technology” (EchoNaviagator, Phillips, Tustin, CA) that combines real-time 2 and 3 di...