cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pay Attention to State Legislation

Most of the Legal Issues columns that I have written over the last couple of years have dealt with issues of federal law. In general, issues that most often impact the information community arise out of the actions of Congress or the federal courts. These bodies have the lion’s share of jurisdiction over copyright and intellectual property, antitrust, national and international commerce, ADA and discrimination, and First Amendment issues such as Internet filtering, the USA PATRIOT Act and Freedom of Speech.As such, actions in the legislatures of the 50 states often are ignored by many information producers and consumers. Because our attention is focused on Congress and the federal courts, state actions with the potential to significantly impact information industry practices can fly under the radar screen, perhaps until it is too late. As the 2003 legislative season heats up, three important proposals are making the rounds of the state legislatures and merit immediate attention.
On the development of closed convex curves on 3-polytopes

It is shown that a closed convex polygonal curve on the surface of a 3-polytope develops in the plane to a simple path: it does not self-intersect.
THE POST-IMPLANTATION ELECTROCARDIOGRAM PREDICTS CLINICAL RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY

Biventricular (BiV) pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is intended to improve left ventricular (LV) function by coordinating systolic activity of the LV septum and free walls. Optimal resynchronization should be manifested by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns consistent with
Abstract A35: Characterization of the genomic landscape of osteosarcoma metastasis

Early metastasis to the lungs is a cardinal feature of osteosarcoma (OS), and complications from metastatic disease remain the most common cause of cancer-related death. Despite the prevalence of metastasis in OS, the pathogenesis is poorly understood. We have established a collection of 16 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from human OS tumors, both from the primary site as well as metastasis. Our collection includes 9 diagnostic biopsies from primary site tumors, 2 primary tumor resections, 3 lung metastases, and 1 ascites fluid metastasis. Gene expression analysis of an initial set of 5 PDX models (3 metastases, 2 primaries) has been completed. A more extensive analysis of all 16 models by RNAseq and WGS is currently underway. Preliminary gene expression analysis identified a significant number of genes differentially expressed between metastatic samples and non-metastatic samples. This list included genes associated with cell adhesion and motility such as MEGF10, genes associated with endochondral ossification and bone remodeling such as RANKL, and genes associated with deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as COL21A. Another candidate gene, ENPP1, is responsible for mineralization of the ECM and has been implicated in breast cancer metastasis to bone. We have validated differential expression of a number of these genes in independent samples of metastatic OS. We are currently using small hairpin RNA (shRNA), CRISPR, and overexpression vectors to knockdown, silence, and overexpress ENPP1 and other candidate genes in OS cell lines. Using in vitro migration and invasion assays as well as intravenous injection and orthotopic mouse models, we are characterizing the contribution of candidate genes to the metastatic propensity of OS. Citation Format: Amanda L. Koehne, Leanne C. Sayles, Marcus R. Breese, Dedeepya Vaka, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Characterization of the genomic landscape of osteosarcoma metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr A35.
Introduction to Quidsome Balm: The Collected Nonsense of Brainerd Currie

This is my introduction to my collection of Currie's casual writings: poems (or "rhymes" as he always referred to them), mysteries, letters, etc. -- many of them humorous. It includes his most famous case poem, "The Rose of Aberlone." Much of what I say in the introduction is based on interviews I conducted, along with Professor Bruce Posnak, of Currie's family, friends, and colleagues. The collection was published by The Green Bag as a gift to its subscribers in 2001.
Divide-n-Discover

Insightful and principled visualization techniques may successfully help complex clinical data exploration tasks and aid in the process of knowledge discovery. In this paper, we propose a framework Divide-n-Discover to visualize and explore clinical data effectively, and demonstrate its effectiveness in predicting readmission risk for Congestive Heart Failure patients. Our proposed method provides clinicians a mechanism to dynamically explore the data and to understand how a single factor may influence the risk of readmission for a given patient. For example, our study indicates that patients between age 47 and 48 have 2.63 time higher chance of getting readmitted to the hospital within 30 days, compared to other patients; likewise, patients with length of stay above 13 days are 2.27 times more likely to be readmitted within 30 days. The finding suggests that hospitals might be under pressure to discharge patients within two week while some patients may benefit from a longer stay. These observations may become valid hypotheses leading to further clinical investigation or discoveries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever work that proposes principled discretization and visualization techniques in the hospital readmission risk prediction problem.
Quantitative-Structure Activity Relationship Modeling and Cheminformatics

This chapter describes quantitative tools for analyzing chemical structures and relating them to assay results using statistical models. The focus is on prediction of new compounds as well as the exploratory analysis and data mining of large compound databases. Other issues related to how these analytical methods are used are discussed.
Magnesium aspartate hydrochloride attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension in rats.

1. The effect of oral magnesium aspartate hydrochloride on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension was evaluated in rats. 2. A single subcutaneous injection of MCT, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid of plant origin, induces significant morphological changes in pulmonary vessels, pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in rats by 3 weeks. 3. Two groups of rats (Mg2+ control and Mg2+ + MCT) were started on oral Mg2+ (15.4 g/l magnesium aspartate hydrochloride dissolved in deionized water) 2 weeks before the MCT injection. The rest were given deionized water. At the start of the experiment, the control groups (deionized water and Mg2+) were given normal saline subcutaneously; the other groups (deionized water and Mg2+) were given MCT (60 mg/kg) subcutaneously. 4. Pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, lung pathology, organ weights and serum electrolytes were assessed 3 weeks after a single subcutaneous injection of MCT. Seventy-five per cent of the rats treated with MCT and oral Mg2+ (12 out of 16) showed significant reduction in pulmonary arterial hypertension, arterial pathology and right ventricular hypertrophy. 5. Our data indicate that Mg2+ attenuates experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension, possibly either by modulating the intracellular Ca2+ level and/or by directly affecting the pulmonary endothelial cell–smooth muscle cell complex involved in metabolism and maintenance of pulmonary vascular resistance.
Modeling, evaluation, editing, and illumination of three dimensional mazes and caves for computer games

Caves are commonly used as environments in computer games. As the popularity of open world games rises, so does the demand for expansive virtual environments. To ease this cost, many tools have been developed to create and edit content for games including terrain, plants, roads, buildings, and cities. The same is not true for caves. We present data structures and algorithms to create, evaluate, edit, and illuminate three dimensional models of caves for use in computer games. Game levels can be classified according to their spatial configuration: linear, maze, or open. Caves formed by the same geological process have similar features. These define parameters that can be used to partially or fully automate the creation of cave models of different spatial configurations. Additional information about the model such as its volume, number of branching paths, and number of connected components can be used by the designer in evaluating and editing the model to meet gameplay requirements. To assist in editing of cave models we propose a new data structure and framework and compare its use to existing modeling approaches. Physically based illumination of a cave typically results in low level lighting which is not suitable for games. We introduce a new illumination model based on radiant flux that can be used to ensure a sufficient amount of light is present throughout the cave. The new illumination model can also be adapted to assist in player navigation. Illuminating a scene according to distance to objects within it creates highlights that captures the player’s visual attention. A user study was done to evaluate the new technique.
Second Place Award Immediate versus delayed operative treatment of low-energy tibial plateau fractures.

Background Current management of tibial plateau fractures requires careful soft-tissue management. Often a staged approach with temporary external fixation followed by delayed internal fixation is recommended. While proven in high-energy injuries, its relevance in treating low-energy fractures has not been investigated. The goal of the current study was to assess the short-term complication rates in low-energy tibial plateau fractures treated early ( Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients treated operatively for low-energy tibial plateau fractures at a level-1 urban trauma center between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2010. Schatzker type 1-3 fractures were considered "low-energy," despite stated mechanism. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and Fischer's exact tests. Results We analyzed 49 patients. From these, 29 received early ( 48 hr). The early treatment group had an infection rate of 3.4% and total complication rate of 20.6%. The delayed treatment group had an infection rate of 5.0% and total complication rate of 25%. There was no significant difference with respect to superficial infection (P=1.0), deep infection (P=0.48), or total complications (P=0.74) Additionally, infection rates did not differ between surgical approaches (P=1.0, 1.0). Conclusions Early surgical fixation (
Initial antihypertensive therapy: What are the current drugs of choice?

The goal of antihypertensive treatment, in addition to lowering blood pressure, is to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Until recently, however, only conventional treatment with diuretics and beta-blockers had been studied in terms of cardiovascular end points. In this article, Dr Yeun reviews the results of recent trials comparing these agents with other classes of antihypertensive drugs. She examines the confounding elements in the trials, provides an interpretation of study results, and suggests a practical approach to initial treatment of uncomplicated hypertension.
A single-headed fission yeast myosin V transports actin in a tropomyosin-dependent manner

Myo51, a class V myosin in fission yeast, localizes to and assists in the assembly of the contractile ring, a conserved eukaryotic actomyosin structure that facilitates cytokinesis. Rng8 and Rng9 are binding partners that dictate the cellular localization and function of Myo51. Myo51 was expressed in insect cells in the presence or absence of Rng8/9. Surprisingly, electron microscopy of negatively stained images and hydrodynamic measurements showed that Myo51 is single headed, unlike most class V myosins. When Myo51-Rng8/9 was bound to actin-tropomyosin, two attachment sites were observed: the typical ATP-dependent motor domain attachment and a novel ATP-independent binding of the tail mediated by Rng8/9. A modified motility assay showed that this additional binding site anchors Myo51-Rng8/9 so that it can cross-link and slide actin-tropomyosin filaments relative to one another, functions that may explain the role of this motor in contractile ring assembly.
UV filters are an environmental threat in the Gulf of Mexico: a case study of Texas coastal zones

Summary UV filters are the main ingredients in many cosmetics and personal care products. A significant amount of lipophilic UV filters annually enters the surface water due to large numbers of swimmers and sunbathers. The nature of these compounds cause bioaccumulation in commercial fish, particularly in estuarine areas. Consequently, biomagnification in the food chain will occur. This study estimated the amount of four common UV filters (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, EHMC; octocrylene, OC; butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, BM-DBM; and benzophenone-3, BP3), which may enter surface water in the Gulf of Mexico. Our data analysis was based on the available research data and EPA standards (age classification/human body parts). The results indicated that among the 14 counties in Texas coastal zones, Nueces, with 43 beaches, has a high potential of water contamination through UV filters; EHMC: 477 kg year−1; OC: 318 kg year−1; BM-DBM: 258 kg year−1; and BP by 159 kg year−1. Refugio County, with a minimum number of beaches, indicated the lowest potential of UV filter contamination. The sensitive estuarine areas of Galveston receive a significant amount of UV filters. This article suggests action for protecting Texas estuarine areas and controlling the number of tourists and ecotourism that occurs in sensitive areas of the Gulf of Mexico.
Deprivation of Care: Are Federal Laws Restricting the Provision of Medical Care to Immigrants Working as Planned?

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 has severely limited immigrants' access to medical care. In enacting the legislation, Congress stated that immigrants were too great a burden on the U.S. medical system and cost the federal government too much. In reality, immigrants do not place an unduly high burden on the medical system. The Act also limits the autonomy of local medical providers by restricting their ability to provide preventive medical care, care that is better for patients’ health and, in the long run, more cost effective. Further complicating this issue is that medical providers are often unable to recover complete reimbursement from the federal government because the Act authorizes repayment only for services rendered to patients in an emergency condition. This note calls for a repeal of the anti-immigrant provisions of the Act and suggests that decisions regarding the provision of care are best left to medical providers at the local level.
A 2.5-D glass micromodel for investigation of multi-phase flow in porous media

We developed a novel method for fabrication of glass micromodels with varying depth (2.5-D) with no additional complexity over the 2-D micromodels' fabrication. Compared to a 2-D micromodel, the 2.5-D micromodel can better represent the 3-D features of multi-phase flow in real porous media, as demonstrated in this paper with three different examples. Physically realistic capillary snap-off and the formation of isolated residual oil droplets were realized, which is not possible in 2-D micromodels. Droplet size variation during an emulsion flooding was investigated on the 2.5-D micromodel, showing that the droplet size decreases sharply at the inlet, with little change in size downstream of the micromodel. Displacement of light oil with ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) surfactant was conducted in the 2.5-D micromodel, where we were able to visualize the generation and flowing of a microemulsion phase, which agrees with, and explains observations in experiments of more complex porous media.
The Association of Peer Academic Reputations in Math and Science With Achievement Beliefs and Behaviors During Early Adolescence

This study examines the nature and implications of peer academic reputations in math and science classes for early adolescents’ achievement beliefs and behaviors. The sample was 840 students (51% girls; 36% African American, 47% European American, 7% Latino, 6% Asian American, and 3% Other). About half the sample (47%) was from 27 fifth-grade classrooms in elementary schools and about half the sample (53%) was from 28 sixth-grade classrooms in middle schools. Peer academic reputations and student adjustment were assessed in the fall and spring of the school year. Peer academic reputation in the fall was associated with students’ self-concept, worry, and engagement (but not intrinsic value) in the spring, controlling for fall levels. Peer academic reputation operated similarly across gender, ethnicity, and grade level. Thus, peers’ opinions and expectations about each other’s math and science achievement matter for the development of students’ achievement beliefs and behaviors in math and science.
Qugax̂: An Ethnoscience Analysis of Ancient Unangax̂

For thousands of years, hunters and gatherers lived in the Aleutians with spiritual beliefs tightly interwoven into almost every aspect of daily life with help from Qugax (spirits who assist). When Russian and Europeans arrived in Alaska in 1741, they wrote journals containing irreplaceable information about Unangax (indigenous peoples of the Aleutians) before the subsequent onslaught of Russian fur hunters forever altered ancient belief systems. This paper utilizes an ethnoscience analysis that focused on seven objects or concepts (loud sea lion voice, bravery, red ochre, feathers, belts, amulets, and knives) to attempt to reconstruct how the people might have utilized spiritual beliefs to safeguard themselves. This analysis indicates that phenomena documented in 1741 had multiple layers of meaning within the ancient Unangax spiritual world, whose purpose may have been to provide spiritual protection during an encounter with strangers who might become aggressive or violent.
The Eastern Subtropical Pacific Origin of the Equatorial Cold Bias in Climate Models: A Lagrangian Perspective

AbstractGlobal climate models frequently exhibit cold biases in tropical sea surface temperature (SST) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. Here, Lagrangian particle back trajectories are used to investigate the source regions of the water that upwells along the equator in the IPSL climate model to test and confirm the hypothesis that the SST biases are caused by remote biases advected in from the extratropics and to identify the dominant source regions. Water in the model is found to be sourced primarily from localized regions along the western and eastern flanks of the subtropical gyres. However, while the model SST bias is especially large in the northwestern subtropical Pacific (about −5°C), it is found that the eastern subtropics contribute to the equatorial bias the most. This is due to two distinct subsurface pathways connecting these regions to the equator. The first pathway, originating in the northwestern subtropical Pacific, has relatively long advection time scales close to or exceed...
DNA’s Chiral Spine of Hydration

The iconic helical structure of DNA is stabilized by the solvation environment, where a change in the hydration state can lead to dramatic changes to the DNA structure. X-ray diffraction experiments at cryogenic temperatures have shown crystallographic water molecules in the minor groove of DNA, which has led to the notion of a spine of hydration of DNA. Here, chiral nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy of two DNA sequences shows that not only do such structural water molecules exist in solution at ambient conditions but that they form a chiral superstructure: a chiral spine of hydration. This is the first observation of a chiral water superstructure templated by a biomolecule. While the biological relevance of a chiral spine of hydration is unknown, the method provides a direct way to interrogate the properties of the hydration environment of DNA and water in biological settings without the use of labels.
Temperature-resolved terahertz time domain spectroscopy to investigate solid state phase-transitions in amino acid crystals

We present Terahertz (THz) measurements of dl-norvaline (dl-Nva) organic molecular crystals. This material undergoes a solid-state phase transition when the temperature is reduced to less than 180 K. The low temperature and room temperature phases have different THz absorption spectra, which allows them to be distinguished. A better understanding of the mechanism of the phase transition is gained by studying the influence of crystal grain size as well as the effect of doping the dl-Nva crystals with other amino acids.
Constitution of Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloys at 1200°F

The phase boundaries of the Fe-Cr-Mo ternary system have been determined at 1200°F (650°C). The method used for locating the phase boundaries consisted of measuring lattice parameters of the various phases and drawing the parameter contours and the tie lines in the one-phase and two-phase regions, respectively. The brittle σ and ∈ phases extend over a major portion of the diagram. The largest one-phase solid solution region is located near the chromium corner of the diagram.
Some New Groups which are not CI-groups with Respect to Graphs

A group $G$ is a CI-group with respect to graphs if two Cayley graphs of $G$ are isomorphic if and only if they are isomorphic by a group automorphism of $G$. We show that an infinite family of groups which include $D_n\times F_{3p}$ are not CI-groups with respect to graphs, where $p$ is prime, $n\not = 10$ is relatively prime to $3p$, $D_n$ is the dihedral group of order $n$, and $F_{3p}$ is the nonabelian group of order $3p$.
Transmission dynamics for Methicilin-resistant Staphalococous areus with injection drug user

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial pathogen resistance to antibiotics including methicillin. The resistance first emerged in 1960 in a healthcare setting only after two years of using methicillin as a viable treatment for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA leads to infections in different parts of the body including the skin, bloodstream, lungs, or the urinary tract. A deterministic model for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with injection drug users is designed. The model incorporates transmission of MRSA among non-injection drug users and injection drug users (IDUs) who are both low-and high-risk users. A reduced MRSA transmission model with only non-IDUs is fitted to a 2008-2013 MRSA data from the Agency for Healthcare and Research and Quality (AHRQ). The parameter estimates obtained are projected onto the parameters for the low-and high-risk IDUs subgroups using risk factors obtained by constructing a risk assessment ethogram. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine parameters with the greatest impact on the reproduction number using the reduced non-IDUs model. Change in risk associated behaviors was studied using the full MRSA transmission model via the increase in risky behaviors and enrollment into rehabilitation programs or clean needle exchange programs. Three control effectiveness levels determined from the sensitivity analysis were used to study control of disease translation within the subgroups. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the transmission probability and recovery rates within the subgroup have the highest impact on the reproduction number of the reduced non-IDU model. Change in risk associated behaviors from non-IDUs to low-and high-risk IDUs lead to more MRSA cases among the subgroups. However, when more IDUs enroll into rehabilitation programs or clean needle exchange programs, there was a reduction in the number of MRSA cases in the community. Furthermore, MRSA burden within the subgroups can effectively be curtailed in the community by implementing moderate- and high-effectiveness control strategies. MRSA burden can be curtailed among and within non-injection drug users and both low-and high-risk injection drug users by encouraging positive change in behaviors and by moderate- and high-effectiveness control strategies that effectively targets the transmission probability and recovery rates within the subgroups in the community.
Trade Invoicing, Bank Funding, and Central Bank Reserve Holdings

We develop a model that shows how the currency denomination of a country's imports influences the funding structure of its banking system, and in turn, the currency composition of its central bank's reserve holdings. The link between the dollar's role in bank funding and its role as a central bank reserve currency is stronger when the country's fiscal capacity is limited, and when exchange rates are volatile. In the data, there is a pronounced cross-country relationship between the fraction of imports that are dollar invoiced, and the fraction of central-bank foreign-exchange reserves that are held in dollars.
Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension: A look back

For the first half of the twentieth century, the published reports on primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) were confined to clinical pathological correlations. In the 1950s the physiological aspects began to be reported followed by epidemiologic studies triggered by an epidemic of PPH due to the ingestion of an appetite suppressant, aminorex fumarate. The epidemic prompted a series of meetings of the World Health Organization, which led, in turn, to the creation of the U.S. Registry of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, standardization of nomenclature, and an etiologic classification of all types of pulmonary hypertension.
Establishing Workload Manipulations Utilizing a Simulated Environment

Research seeking to improve the measurement of workload requires the use of established task load manipulations to impose varying levels of demand on human operators. The present study sought to establish task load manipulations for research utilizing realistically complex task environments that elicit distinct levels of workload (i.e. low, medium, and high). A repeated measures design was used to test the effects of various demand manipulations on performance and subjective workload ratings using the NASA-Task Load Index (TLX) and Instantaneous Self-Assessment technique (ISA). This experiment successfully identified task demand manipulations that can be used to investigate operator workload within realistically complex environments. Results revealed that the event rate manipulations had the most consistent impact on performance and subjective workload ratings in both tasks, with each eliciting distinct levels of workload.
Isolation of cDNA clones & expression analyses for rat serum amyloid P (SAP) component

SAP is a member of the phylogenetically conserved pentraxin protein family. This study describes isolation of CDNA clones for rat SAP from which the primary structure of this pentraxin has been determined. Rat SAP is 208 residues in length and a sex difference in expression of SAP mRNA in rat liver is documented. The structure and expression of rat SAP is compared with data from other species.
Macromolecules of Biological Importance

In this chapter we shall discuss the structure and properties of macromolecules of biological and biochemical importance, primarily proteins and nucleic acids. Proteins can be thought of as naturally occuring copolymers of L-amino acids. In contrast to the usual synthetic copolymers, however, the sequential arraangement of the repeating units is very precisely and exactly defined. The particular arrangement leads in turn to a very definite structure that controls the function of the protein.
Fourth-order vibrational perturbation theory with the Watson Hamiltonian: Report of working equations and preliminary results.

A derivation of fourth-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT4) based on the Watson Hamiltonian in dimensionless rectilinear normal coordinates is presented. Terms that are linear and cubic in the (nk + 12), with nk being the zeroth-order harmonic oscillator quantum numbers, appear in fourth order and extend the much simpler second-order vibrational perturbation theory model. The rather involved expressions for the fourth-order terms are derived with Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory, the process of verifying their correctness is described, and a computer code to generate the VPT4 constants from the potential energy surface derivatives is provided. The paper concludes with numerical examples featuring the H2O, Si2C, and cyclic-C3H2 molecules.A derivation of fourth-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT4) based on the Watson Hamiltonian in dimensionless rectilinear normal coordinates is presented. Terms that are linear and cubic in the (nk + 12), with nk being the zeroth-order harmonic oscillator quantum numbers, appear in fourth order and extend the much simpler second-order vibrational perturbation theory model. The rather involved expressions for the fourth-order terms are derived with Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory, the process of verifying their correctness is described, and a computer code to generate the VPT4 constants from the potential energy surface derivatives is provided. The paper concludes with numerical examples featuring the H2O, Si2C, and cyclic-C3H2 molecules.
Addressing Challenging Behaviors and Mental Health Issues in Early Childhood

Now in a fully updated second edition, this essential volume provides research-based strategies to help educators address challenging behaviors in early childhood and elementary years. Drawing on research and approaches from the fields of neuroscience, child development, child psychiatry, counseling, and applied behavior analysis, this text offers teachers simple strategies to manage behaviors and promote mental health and resilience in young children. Thoroughly updated to reflect new developments in neuroscience, trauma, and physical and mental health, this second edition also features an entirely new chapter on classroom approaches in child mental health, including the interaction of technology with challenging behaviors and mental health issues. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and culturally responsive, this critical resource provides new and experienced educators and coaches with educational and intervention approaches that are appropriate for all children, with and without disabilities.
Genetic Polymorphism of Human C3

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the fibrinogen Zurich separation of a pathological from a normal fibrin fraction. The congenital clotting defect of the family with fibrinogen Zurich is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is characterized by a prolongation of the prothrombin and thrombin times in the presence of entirely normal levels of the individual clotting factors and by a peculiar renewed coagulation of the serum after removal of the initially formed clot. This delayed clot formation is not prevented by thrombin blocking agents. Mixtures of the monomers derived from the reptilase supernatant with normal monomers of either patient or controls showed an aggregation pattern analogous with that of the patient's whole fibrinogen
State Higher Education Governing Agencies and the Knowledge Brokering Process: Investigating Their Role as Multi-facing Organizations in the United States

State higher education governing agencies in the United States are uniquely positioned between the state government and public postsecondary sector. However, few studies have considered how this organizational characteristic influences these agencies’ role in the policy process. The current study seeks to contribute to this gap in the literature by investigating the use of information in the policy process and the potential role of statewide agencies as knowledge brokers. Through an examination of the state higher education governing agencies in Georgia, Tennessee, and Texas, findings highlight the influence of these organizations’ multi-facing position on the supply and demand of information regarding statewide college completion-related policies. Grounded by principal–agent theory, this analysis also contributes an emergent conceptual framework of the information flow process around state-level higher education policymaking in the United States.
Flow physics and dynamics of flow-induced pitch oscillations of an airfoil

We conduct a computational study of flow-induced pitch oscillations of a rigid airfoil at a chord-based Reynolds number of 1000. A sharp-interface immersed boundary method is used to simulate two-dimensional incompressible flow, and this is coupled with the equations for a rigid foil supported at the elastic axis with a linear torsional spring. We explore the effect of spring stiffness, equilibrium angle-of-attack and elastic-axis location on the onset of flutter, and the analysis of the simulation data provides insights into the time scales and mechanisms that drive the onset and dynamics of flutter. The dynamics of this configuration includes complex phenomena such as bifurcations, non-monotonic saturation amplitudes, hysteresis and non-stationary limit-cycle oscillations. We show the utility of ‘maps’ of energy exchange between the flow and the airfoil system, as a way to understand, and even predict, this complex behaviour.
Techniques of robotic radical prostatectomy for the management of prostate cancer: which one, when and why

The advent of robotic assistance in surgery has completely revolutionized the surgical management of prostate cancer. It enables precise dissection and reconstruction in order to maximize oncological and functional outcomes. In many parts of the world, robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has evolved to become the surgical standard of care for localized disease, including in appropriately selected patients with high risk prostate cancer. Its role has also been expanded to encompass cytoreductive prostatectomy and salvage radical prostatectomy. As surgical expertise grows with robotic assistance, several novel and non-radical approaches have been developed to further mitigate treatment side effects. Patient characteristics, disease factors and surgeon expertise are important metrics for consideration when selecting the most appropriate technique for any given patient.
Inappropriate Antipsychotic Use: The Impact of Nursing Home Socioeconomic and Racial Composition.

OBJECTIVES Previous research suggests black nursing home (NH) residents are more likely to receive inappropriate antipsychotics. Our aim was to examine how NH characteristics, particularly the racial and socioeconomic composition of residents, are associated with the inappropriate use of antipsychotics. DESIGN This study used a longitudinal approach to examine national data from Long-Term Care: Facts on Care in the US (LTCFocUS.org) between 2000 and 2015. We used a multivariate linear regression model with year and state fixed effects to estimate the prevalence of inappropriate antipsychotic use at the NH level. SETTING Free-standing NHs in the United States. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 12 964 NHs. MEASUREMENTS The outcome variable was inappropriate antipsychotic use at the facility level. The primary indicator variables were whether a facility had high proportions of black residents and the percentage of residents with Medicaid as their primary payer. RESULTS NHs with high and low proportions of blacks had similar rates of antipsychotic use in the unadjusted analyses. NHs with high proportions of black residents had significantly lower rates of inappropriate antipsychotic use (β = -2; P < .001) in the adjusted analyses. Facilities with high proportions of Medicaid-reliant residents had higher proportions of inappropriate use (β = .04; P < .001). CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicate a decline in the use of antipsychotics. Although findings from this study indicated facilities with higher proportions of blacks had lower inappropriate antipsychotic use, facility-level socioeconomic disparities continued to persist among NHs. Policy interventions that focus on reimbursement need to be considered to promote reductions in antipsychotic use, specifically among Medicaid-reliant NHs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:630-636, 2020.
Vitamin K Is Necessary for Newborns.

1. Alyssa Stachowiak, MD, IBCLC, FAAP* 2. Lydia Furman, MD, FAAP* 1. *University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH Fat-soluble vitamin K is a critical part of the activation of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X. Compared with adults and older children, newborns have much lower levels of vitamin K: approximately 40% to 60% of normal adult values, which are not typically reached until approximately 6 months of age. This phenomenon is multifactorial, driven in part by low transplacental transfer of vitamin K, low levels of vitamin K excreted in human milk, and a physiologic delay in the acquisition of gut microflora that synthesize vitamin K, which is actually active in several forms. Vitamin K1, or phylloquinone, is present in green leafy vegetables and is the most common source of vitamin K for humans. Vitamin K2, or menaquinone, is synthesized by bacteria and is found in some animal and fermented products. Vitamin K was first discovered in 1929 by Henrik Dam, who observed hemorrhages in chicks fed fat-free diets. Edward Doisy identified the structure and forms of vitamin K in the 1940s, and both men received the Nobel Prize for their collective work on vitamin K in 1943. Because of its critical role in hemostasis, vitamin K deficiency can cause bleeding in the infant. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) was first described in the 1930s shortly after …
Parallel Fast Time-Domain Integral-Equation Methods for Transient Electromagnetic Analysis

Transient and broadband electromagnetic scattering and radiation phenomena involving perfect electrically conducting (PEC) and dielectric objects can be efficiently simulated using marching-on-in-time (MOT)-based time-domain (TD) integral-equation (IE) methods. This chapter reviews recent advances in the development of highly parallel, fast, accurate, stable, and rapidly converging TDIE solvers. These solvers apply to very large-scale problems within the realm of scattering analysis, antenna/RF device modeling, electromagnetic compatibility modeling, optical imaging, and biomedical applications, to name but a few.
Commentary to Gusenbauer and Haddaway 2020: Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar and PubMed

We read with considerable interest the study by Gusenbauer and Haddaway (Gusenbauer and Haddaway, 2020, Research Synthesis Methods, doi:10.1002/jrsm.1378) comparing the systematic search qualities of 28 search systems, including Google Scholar (GS) and PubMed. Google Scholar and PubMed are the two most popular free academic search tools in biology and chemistry, with GS being the number one search tool in the world. Those academics using GS as their principal system for literature searches may be unaware of research which enumerates five critical features for scientific literature tools that greatly influenced Gusenbauer's 2020 study. Using this list as the framework for a targeted comparison between just GS and PubMed, we found stark differences which overwhelmingly favored PubMed. In this comment, we show that by comparing the characteristics of the two search tools, features that are particularly useful in one search tool, but are missing in the other, are strikingly spotlighted. One especially popular feature that ubiquitously appears in GS, but not in PubMed, is the forward citation search found under every citation as a clickable Cited by N link. We seek to improve the PubMed search experience using two approaches. First, we request that PubMed add Cited by N links, making them as omnipresent as the GS links. Second, we created an open-source command-line tool, pmidcite, which is used alongside PubMed to give information to researchers to help with the choice of the next paper to examine, analogous to how GS's Cited by N links help to guide users. Find pmidcite at https://github.com/dvklopfenstein/pmidcite.
Rapid generation of potent antibodies by autonomous hypermutation in yeast

The predominant approach for antibody generation remains animal immunization, which can yield exceptionally selective and potent antibody clones owing to the powerful evolutionary process of somatic hypermutation. However, animal immunization is inherently slow, has poor compatibility with certain antigens ( e . g ., integral membrane proteins), and suffers from self-tolerance and immunodominance, which limit the functional spectrum of antibodies that can be obtained. Here, we describe A utonomous H ypermutation y E ast surf A ce D isplay (AHEAD), a synthetic recombinant antibody generation technology that imitates somatic hypermutation inside engineered yeast. In AHEAD, antibody fragments are encoded on an error-prone orthogonal DNA replication system, resulting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations that continuously mutate surface-displayed antibody repertoires. Simple cycles of yeast culturing and enrichment for antigen binding drive the evolution of high-affinity antibody clones in a readily parallelizable process that takes as little as 2 weeks. We applied AHEAD to generate nanobodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, a GPCR, and other targets. The SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies, concurrently evolved from an open-source naive nanobody library in 8 independent experiments, reached subnanomolar affinities through the sequential fixation of multiple mutations over 3-8 AHEAD cycles that saw ∼580-fold and ∼925-fold improvements in binding affinities and pseudovirus neutralization potencies, respectively. These experiments highlight the defining speed, parallelizability, and effectiveness of AHEAD and provide a template for streamlined antibody generation at large with salient utility in rapid response to current and future viral outbreaks.
Towards Engaged Scholarship

theory driven scholarship also engages the "real-world," even if at a different pace and over a different horizon, and the kinds of questions that engage traditional scholars are inevitably generated by law's practical role in 23. Infra Part 111.0. 24. Id. (citing Catharine MacKinnon, Engaged Scholarship as a Method and Vocation, 22 YALE J.L. & FEMINISM 193, 196, 203 (2010)). 25. Infra Part 111.0. 26. Infra Part 111.0. 27. Id. 28. Infra Part 111.0. [Vol. 33:3 828 TOWARDS ENGAGED SCHOLARSHIP social ordering. Occupying a middle ground between theory and practice is an important part of what we have to offer as legal scholars. 29 Professor Kalyani Robbins supports these views. If we were to merely focus on one practical problem after another, solving it in a seemingly reasonable way and continuing to the next, we may be operating blindly in relation to our most fundamental concerns. What would we do without John Locke providing us with one of our most deeply meaningful justifications for government control over the people: that without law there can be no freedom. The relationship between theory and practice is one of mutual dependence.. . . Far too often theoretical scholars engage in their theoretical analysis and stop there. . . . These scholars could contribute so much more, without sacrificing their theoretical credentials, by simply taking a little time to spin off their theories with a resulting practical proposal.30 C. Countering the Culture As a tenure-track clinician, Professor Kim Diana Connolly was "cautioned against writing that was too 'practical' or that garnered attention from agencies or legislators." 31 Professor Patrick McGinley notes that "traditional legal scholarship emphasizes analysis and deconstruction of legal doctrine-while generally giving short shrift to real world context. . . . The academy must recognize the historic limited impact and influence of traditional legal scholarship . . . ."32 Professor Owley adds that "there is a divide in the
Abstract P794: Neuregulin-1 Induction of a Distinct Neuronal Growth Program Profile Post-Ischemia

Stroke is ranked as the fifth leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is the only FDA approved stroke treatment. Un...
Eating Disorders Among Transgender and Gender Non-binary People

With growing visibility of diverse gender identities and communities, it is necessary for clinicians involved in eating disorder prevention, screening, and treatment to create affirming spaces for transgender and gender non-binary (T/GNB) patients and clients. Further underscoring this need, there is mounting evidence that T/GNB populations are at 2–4 times greater risk of experiencing eating disorder symptoms compared to their cisgender (i.e., non-transgender) counterparts. Although research on the risk and protective factors underlying these health inequities is growing, more epidemiologic and clinical research is urgently needed. This chapter synthesizes the current state of the science and provides recommendations for clinicians at all levels of familiarity with T/GNB populations, including clinicians who are just beginning to think about gender diversity in their practice as well as those who have expertise in this area and wish to identify next steps for their clinical care, research, and/or advocacy in the field.
[Analysis of clinical manifestations and pathological findings in children with massive proteinuria with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis].

Objective To evaluate clinical manifestations and pathology in children with massive proteinuria with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Method The data of the 52 children with massive proteinuria with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis who were hospitalized in the department of nephrology in our hospital from January 2008 to January 2013 were retrospectively studied. Clinical manifestation and pathologic characteristics were summarized and compared. The relationship between clinical manifestations and pathologic characteristics were evaluated. Result (1) Among the children, 16 (31%) cases had positive symptoms and signs including gross hematuria, edema, oliguria and hypertension, and in only 7 (13%) cases serum levels of albumin were below 25 g/L. (2) Children with pathological grade >Ⅲ accounted for 72%. Children with crescent formation, glomerular capsule adhesion, segmental glomeralosclerosis, endocapillary proliferation and lesions in the walls of arterioles accounted for 56%, 52%, 19%, 67%, 62%, respectively, and 42% of the children suffered from severe mesangial proliferation or mesangial sclerosis. The frequencies of severe mesangial proliferation and changes in the walls of arterioles in children with pathological grade ≥ Ⅲ was significantly higher than those in children with pathological grade <Ⅲ(χ2=10.971 , P=0.001; χ2=4.132, P=0.042). (3) The relationship between clinical manifestation and pathologic characteristics: The number of crescents was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein quantity in children with crescent formation. The frequencies of segmental glomeralosclerosis and endocapillary proliferation of the children with clinical symptoms including gross hematuria, hypertension, renal dysfunction or decreased complement C3 were significantly higher than those of children without clinical symptoms(χ2=19.69 , P=0.00 ; χ2=3.887 , P=0.049). Conclusion The clinical manifestations of children with massive proteinuria with HSPN were relatively severe but the symptoms were not typical. The pathological manifestations wer variable, of which severe mesangial proliferation and lesions in arterioles are the most common in children with higher pathological grade. Clinical manifestations in children with HSPN are associated with formation of crescent, segmental glomeralosclerosis, glomerular capsule adhesion, and endocapillary proliferation. Key words: Henoch-Scholein purpura; Pathology; Clinical manifestation; Massive proteinuria