cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum adiponectin complexes and cardiovascular risk in children with chronic kidney disease

In contrast to the general population, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience increased total adiponectin levels despite an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin circulates as trimer, low molecular weight (LMW), and high molecular weight (HMW) complexes. The distribution and role of each subfraction in CKD is unknown. This cross-sectional analysis examined the association of serum adiponectin and its subfractions with known cardiovascular risk factors in 105 children (median age 12 years; 56% male) enrolled into the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study, an observational cohort study of children with CKD stage 2–4.HMW accounted for 46% of total adiponectin, followed by LMW (34%) and trimer (20%). In multivariable analysis, LMW was independently associated with iohexol glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p = 0.004) and was higher in pubertal versus prepubertal children (p = 0.005). HMW/LMW ratio was independently associated with age and iohexol GFR (all p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with HMW (p = 0.01), and HMW/LMW ratio (p = 0.007) and inversely correlated with LMW (p = 0.009). Among subfractions, only LMW was significantly correlated with left ventricular mass (LVM) index (p = 0.05). In multivariable analysis, decreased LMW was independently associated with higher LVM index [β= −0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.50, −0.03, p=0.04) after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), age, and blood pressure.The higher total adiponectin levels in children with CKD are associated with higher HMW and lower LMW. This imbalance may be an important biomarker for increased cardiovascular risk despite higher levels of total adiponectin in children with CKD.
Interrater reliability of filling cystometrogram interpretation in a multicenter study

Purpose: As part of a continuous quality control effort to measure the interrater reliability of urodynamic studies performed at multiple centers, we compared agreement levels for urodynamic studies between central and local physician reviewers. We report interrater reliability findings for the filling cystometrogram.Materials and Methods: Following a satisfactory interrater reliability study among 4 central physician reviewers in 33 tracings 36 urodynamic study tracings from 9 Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network continence treatment centers and 13 Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network certified urodynamic study testers were randomly selected for review. These tracings were originally interpreted by 11 local physician reviewers using standardized Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network interpretation guidelines. Each of the 4 central physician reviewers reviewed 9 randomly assigned tracings and none reviewed tracings from his or her center. Local and central physician reviewers were instructed to categ...
Assessing the association between environmental impacts and health outcomes: a case study from Florida.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) program to integrate hazard monitoring, exposure, and health effects surveillance into a cohesive tracking network. Part of Florida's effort to move toward implementation of EPHT is to develop models of the spatial and temporal association between myocardial infarctions (MIs) and ambient ozone levels in Florida. Existing data were obtained from Florida's Agency for Health Care Administration, Florida's Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Census Bureau, and CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. These data were linked by both ignoring spatial support and using block kriging, a support-adjusted approach. The MI data were indirectly standardized by age, race/ethnicity, and sex. The state of Florida was used as the comparison standard to compute the MI standardized event ratio (SER) for each county and each month. After the data were linked, global models were used initially to relate MIs to ambient ozone levels, adjusting for covariates. The global models provide an estimated relative MI SER for the state. Realizing that the association in MIs and ozone might change across locations, local models were used to estimate the relative MI SER for each county, again adjusting for covariates. Results differed, depending on whether the spatial support was ignored or accounted for in the models. The opportunities and challenges associated with EPHT analyses are discussed and future directions highlighted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of a preliminary test for interaction in a 2 × 2 factorial trial

Preliminary tests of significance on the crucial assumptions are often done before drawing inferences of primary interest. In a factorial trial, the data may be pooled across the columns or rows for making inferences concerning the efficacy of the drugs {simple effect) in the absence of interaction. Pooling the data has an advantage of higher power due to larger sample size. On the other hand, in the presence of interaction, such pooling may seriously inflate the type I error rate in testing for the simple effect. A preliminary test for interaction is therefore in order. If this preliminary test is not significant at some prespecified level of significance, then pool the data for testing the efficacy of the drugs at a specified α level. Otherwise, use of the corresponding cell means for testing the efficacy of the drugs at the specified α is recommended. This paper demonstrates that this adaptive procedure may seriously inflate the overall type I error rate. Such inflation happens even in the absence of i...
Comparing Responses to Ethnic Segregation in Urban Europe

Urban ethnic segregation varies across and within European countries. Segregation is decried by many scholars and policy-makers, accepted by others and ignored by some. A most-similar-case comparis...
Millimeter-Wave Near-Field Measurements Using Coordinated Robotics

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently developed a new robotic scanning system for performing near-field measurements at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies above 100 GHz, the configurable robotic millimeter-wave antenna (CROMMA) facility. This cost-effective system is designed for high-frequency applications, is capable of scanning in multiple configurations, and is able to track measurement geometry at every point in a scan. The CROMMA combines real-time six-degree-of-freedom optical spatial metrology and robotic motion to achieve antenna positioning to within $25\;\upmu\text{m}$ rms. A unified coordinated metrology approach is used to track all positional aspects of scanning. A vector network analyzer is used to capture amplitude and phase. We present spherical near-field measurements of the forward hemisphere of a 24-dBi standard gain horn at 183 GHz. Using the configurable scanning ability, two different scanning radii were used. Near-field data were taken at a 100-mm radius. Direct far-field measurements were also taken at 1000-mm radius. The E- and H-plane patterns are determined from the measurements and compared to theoretical patterns. We describe the system components of the CROMMA and the coordinated metrology approach used. An analysis of the positional repeatability and accuracy achievable is also presented.
Taxation and the Sabbatical: Doctrine, Planning, and Policy

It is common practice for faculty who go on sabbatical leave to take up temporary residence at another location during the sabbatical period. This temporary relocation has significant income tax implications. These tax implications also arise when a faculty member at one institution serves as a visiting scholar at another institution (a scholar’s visit). This article describes the current income tax treatment of sabbaticals and scholar’s visits and develops the tax planning hurdles and opportunities posed by this treatment. It concludes with a consideration of the policy issues raised by this state of affairs.
Infant’s Differential Social Response to Mother and Experimenter

This chapter focuses on infants’ socioemotional reactions to their mother and to a relatively unfamiliar experimenter during a structured social interaction sequence similar to the one developed by Klein and Durfee (1976). Infants were divided into two groups based on their differential (comparative) pattern of reaction to experimenter and mother rather than the more common procedure (e.g., Morgan & Ricciuti, 1969) of using only the reaction to the experimenter or analyzing the reactions to the two adults separately. We felt, based on a study by Harmon, Suwalsky, and Klein (1979), that grouping infants by the type of differential social reaction they showed could provide a meaningful index of the quality of the infant—mother relationship. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the type of differential social response would be related on the one hand to maternal characteristics and on the other hand to the quality of infant play. Thus differential social response is conceptualized as an intervening variable mediating the relationships between maternal variables and child variables.
Stakeholder Involvement in Forensic Psychiatry: The Brazilian Experience

The Brazilian psychiatric reform process has been going on for 28 years. This complex shift in the government-sponsored model of mental health care has its origins in the anti-institutional thinking of Franco Basaglia. It involved replacing psychiatric hospitals, which were the major option for
Investigation of structural collapse in unidirectionally freeze cast collagen scaffolds

Though unidirectional freeze casting is a facile method for the production of structurally anisotropic biomedical scaffolds, challenges exist in optimizing the drying process that are often overlooked. In particular, structural collapse may occur if the material's frozen-state glass transition temperature (Tg') is exceeded. It was discovered that unidirectionally freeze cast collagen matrices were highly deformed following lyophilization, rendering them incapable of further use. In this study, modulated differential scanning calorimetry was performed to identify Tg's of unidirectionally freeze cast collagen scaffolds, and product temperatures during sublimation were recorded. It was observed that cast matrices from 0.5 to 0.05 M acetic acid (HAc) sublimed at a lyophilizer shelf temperature of -25 °C underwent structural collapse and exceeded their Tg's for the majority of the drying cycle. The use of a low pH suspension (0.5 M HAc) promoted the formation of a non-porous surface, which in turn contributed to the increase of the product temperature above its Tg' during drying. This study has revealed that use of a low shelf temperature (-40 °C) and a low HAc concentration (0.05 M) is effective in maintaining product temperatures under Tg' thereby preventing collapse in unidirectionally freeze cast collagen scaffolds.
In vivo reversal of amyloid-β lesions in rat brain

Cerebral amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition is central to the neuropathological definition of Alzheimer disease (AD) with Abeta related toxicity being linked to its beta-sheet conformation and/or aggregation. We show that a beta-sheet breaker peptide (iAbeta5) dose-dependently and reproducibly induced in vivo disassembly of fibrillar amyloid deposits, with control peptides having no effect. The iAbeta5-induced disassembly prevented and/or reversed neuronal shrinkage caused by Abeta and reduced the extent of interleukin-1beta positive microglia-like cells that surround the Abeta deposits. These findings suggest that beta-sheet breakers, such as iAbeta5 or similar peptidomimetic compounds, may be useful for reducing the size and/or number of cerebral amyloid plaques in AD, and subsequently diminishing Abeta-related histopathology.
The Seventieth Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians

THE seventieth annual convention of the Organization of American Historians was held in Atlanta, Georgia, April 7, 8, and 9, 1977. As the 1976 annual meeting was naturally devoted largely to the bicentennial theme, and a recent Denver meeting gave major space to historiographical overviews, the 1977 Program Committee' decided against any special emphasis for the Atlanta meeting. It hoped to present the best scholarship in both familiar and novel subject areas, while giving substantial attention to the professional and teaching aspects of historians' activities. One innovation of recent years was discontinued. This was the Wednesday evening beginning, that seemed to the committee to have contributed to the skewing of convention attendance toward mid-week and away from the concluding sessions on Saturday. Believing that most historians are and should be busy with teaching and/or other professional duties during the week, the committee attempted to confirm the full importance of Saturday's activities by returning to the Thursday morning beginning, and a two-and-one-half day convention. An overflow audience on Thursday morning heard Aubrey Land and Converse Clowse discuss "Mercantile Communities of the Planting South," Chesapeake merchants and colonial Charleston's business community.2 Other sessions on colonial history were received with equal
Peace in the Household: Gender, Agency, and Villagers' Measures of Marital Quality in Bangladesh

ABSTRACTAlthough development studies have emphasized quality of life, the quality of marriage remains uninvestigated. This study challenges the bargaining model by arguing that theories of marital quality, derived from women's voices and subaltern knowledge, should be integral to feminist economic theories of marriage and intrahousehold gender relations. Findings from a longitudinal (1999–2009) ethnographic study of microcredit loanee families in rural Bangladesh reveal that Muslim women believe high marital quality or togetherness leads to peace in the household. This local model of marriage is central to the moral economy of social life. The study identifies eight local measures of marital quality that define what low-income women think a good Muslim husband should be like. The study concludes that the peace-in-the-household model emphasizes the transformation of masculinity as a program strategy that should be implemented in microcredit households in various parts of the world.
Female sex pheromone in Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) : Production and male responses

Factors affecting sex pheromone production and male responses in the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic), were studied using electroantennogram (EAG) and behavior assays. Virgin females at emergence already had produced a significant amount of putative sex pheromone. As females grew older, sex pheromone production reached a maximum at age 2 d. Virgin females emitted pheromone throughout the day, but they emitted slightly less during the 2nd half of photophase. Immediately after mating, females produced significantly less sex pheromone than did virgin females of the same age, but older mated females produced similar amounts of pheromone to those of virgin females of the same age. The pygidium is the likely site of sex pheromone production, because extracts of pygidium elicited highest male EAG responses among the extracts of various dissected body parts of newly emerged females. Male EAG responses increased with the male age.
On the Attribution of Causality and Responsibility in Macroeconomics

Economic theories often involve, or appear to involve, statements about causality. As economics is a social science, the elements of a theory that appear to play a causal role are often familiar human activities, for example, making business decisions or consuming. If the theorist or his audience have not been involved in such activities themselves, they have almost certainly been exposed to them in some way, and have attitudes towards them that pre-date the formulation of the theory. The elements of a theory that play the role of consequences are likewise matters about which the theorist and his audience have opinions formed prior to the appearance of the theory. As a result, a statement that in a strictly theoretical sense appears to be causal may come to be interpreted as a statement about moral responsibility. That is, if a theory seems to identify a certain activity as a cause of some desirable consequence, there is a tendency to use that theory as a basis for giving the people engaged in that activity credit for the consequence. In the same way, those whose activities are causally linked to an unpleasant economic outcome may be assigned blame for that outcome.
On the Teaching of Extensive Reading Course of English Majors

Extensive reading course is a very important basic compulsory course of English majors.Teachers have long been exploring how to make extensive reading course effective.This paper makes a preliminary exploration on how to improve students' understanding and reading speed and finally foster their ability to read independently and effectively,in terms of the requirements of reading materials,educators and learners.
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction After Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy

AbstractPercutaneous nephrolithotripsy is reported to have few complications. However, we have treated 6 cases of complete ureteropelvic junction obstruction that occurred at a number of centers after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. In 2 patients stones were impacted at the ureteropelvic junction, 3 had pre-existing stenosis and 1 had had no previous structural abnormality. All stones were less than 2cm. in size and 5 were removed by ultrasonic disintegration. A nephrostogram after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy showed complete ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 4 cases and partial obstruction that progressed to total obstruction in 6 days in 1. In 1 case the nephrostogram was normal but occlusion was noted 2 weeks later.Initial management consisted of nephrostomy drainage for an average of 3.2 months. One patient was treated successfully with a ureteral stent for 6 weeks after balloon dilation, 1 had unsuccessful balloon dilation and 1 had undergone an unsuccessful endoscopic pyelolysis. Pyeloplasty w...
Individual Differences in Deductive Logic, Abductive Logic, and Cognitive Styles:

Participants in this study completed the CAPSOL Style of Learning Assessment-Form B and the Logical Style Exercise. Compared with the 44 participants exhibiting an “Abduction 1” logical style that accounts for more facts, the 18 participants exhibiting an “Abduction 2” logical style that accounts for newly discovered facts were significantly more likely to exhibit a deductive logical style as well and were significantly more likely to exhibit a visual cognitive style. Discussion of both results focuses on the relationship between Abduction 2 (discovery) and deduction.
Road Map for Opioid Management in the Inpatient Setting: A Structured Approach to Opioid Selection and Titration.

Abstract Introduction Effective pain management is a major challenge of medicine as patients with acute and chronic pain conditions require careful evaluation and treatment. Despite required pain m...
Sufentanil sublingual tablet system for the management of postoperative pain

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Intravenous patient-controlled opioid analgesia has been an important improvement in addressing insufficient management of acute postoperative pain for over 40 years. However, there are number of weaknesses for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, including operator and device error, intravenous line patency issues, and risk of catheter-related infection, all of which contribute to the complications and increase in cost of care. The sublingual sufentanil tablet system is a major evolution in both drug and technological management of postoperative pain.Areas covered: We reviewed the use of the sublingual sufentanil tablet system in management of moderate to severe postoperative pain in hospitalized patients, with a particular focus on the pharmacological properties of sufentanil and clinical use in different surgical patients.Expert opinion: The sublingual sufentanil tablet system can decrease intravenous opioid based patient-controlled analgesia related complications and safety ...
Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are More Pronounced in Females.

Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are More Pronounced in Females
Oxidation of Key Methionine Residues in the N-Terminal Domains of ADAMTS13 Correlates with Loss of Its Proteolytic Activity,

Abstract 3276 Deficiency of ADAMTS13 is associated with a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathic disease—thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which is characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of hyper-reactive ultra-large von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelets in the microvasculature. In addition to TTP, systemic inflammatory syndromes such as acute systemic inflammation caused by endotoxin, acute pancreatitis, and severe sepsis demonstrate reduced ADAMTS13 activity. The cause of low ADAMTS13 activity is not known. One possible cause is oxidative inactivation of the enzyme by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidant released from activated neutrophils that is known to damage proteins. In this study, we exposed ADAMTS13 to HOCl produced by a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H 2 O 2 -Cl − system and measured the proteolytic activity of oxidized ADAMTS13 using a small VWF A2 peptide and plasma VWFas substrates. ADAMTS13 activity decreased as a function of oxidant concentration. Treatment with 25 nM MPO plus 50 μM H 2 O 2 reduced ADAMTS13 activity by over 85%. Such concentrations of MPO and H 2 O 2 are routinely found in vivo at sites of inflammation. ADAMTS13 contains a series of structural domains: a metalloprotease domain (M), a disintegrin-like domain (D), a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP1,T), a Cys-rich domain (C), a spacer domain (S), 7 additional TSP1 repeats, and 2 CUB domains. The MDTCS domains are essential for its proteolytic activity, while the C-terminal TSP1 and CUB domains may act as modulators. The MDTCS region contains 10 Met residues, Met being the amino acid residue most vulnerable to oxidation by HOCl. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 7 Met-containing peptides in this region after proteolytic digestion of ADAMTS13. Three of these 7 methionines are highly sensitive to oxidation by HOCl, including M249, M331 and M496. M249 is situated in the ”Met-turn” at the catalytic center of the metalloprotease domain. M331 and M496 are located in the disintegrin-like domain and the Cys-rich domain, respectively. The extent of oxidation of these Met residues was proportional to the HOCl concentration, and strongly correlated with loss of enzymatic activity. The same three Met residues were also oxidized after exposure of ADAMTS13 to activated human neutrophils. These observations suggest an oxidative mechanism for ADAMTS13 inactivation in systemic inflammatory syndromes and that the oxidation-sensitive Mets may serve as biomarkers for this effect. Coupled with our earlier observation that HOCl oxidation of von Willebrand factor enhances its adhesive function and renders it resistant to cleavage by ADAMTS13, these findings indicate that pathological situations during which neutrophils are activated produce extremely prothrombotic conditions, perhaps explaining why many inflammatory syndromes are associated with thrombosis in small and large blood vessels. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
What will become of reproductive issues in Trump’s America?

The election of Donald Trump to the presidency came as a severe and unexpected shock to the already beleaguered pro-choice movement in the US. This article will review what the president-elect said during the campaign about abortion and what his administration is likely to do after his inauguration.
Improved virtual cardiac phantom with variable diastolic filling rates and coronary artery velocities

To facilitate studies of measurement uncertainty in computed tomography angiography (CTA), we investigated the cardiac motion profile and resulting coronary artery motion utilizing innovative dynamic virtual and physical phantoms. The four-chamber cardiac finite element (FE) model developed in the Living Heart Project (LHP) served as the computational basis for our virtual cardiac phantom. This model provides deformation or strain information at high temporal and spatial resolution, exceeding that of speckle tracking echocardiography or tagged MRI. This model was extended by fitting its motion profile to left ventricular (LV) volume-time curves obtained from patient echocardiography data. By combining the dynamic patient variability from echo with the local strain information from the FE model, a series of virtual 4D cardiac phantoms were developed. Using the computational phantoms, we characterized the coronary motion and its effect on plaque imaging under a range of heart rates subject to variable diastolic function. The coronary artery motion was sampled at 248 spatial locations over 500 consecutive time frames. The coronary artery velocities were calculated as their average velocity during an acquisition window centered at each time frame, which minimized the discretization error. For the initial set of twelve patients, the diastatic coronary artery velocity ranged from 36.5 mm/s to 2.0 mm/s with a mean of 21.4 mm/s assuming an acquisition time of 75 ms. The developed phantoms have great potential in modeling cardiac imaging, providing a known truth and multiple realistic cardiac motion profiles to evaluate different image acquisition or reconstruction methods.
Atrial undersensing secondary to quiet timer blanking in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients.

Background Atrial undersensing despite normal atrial lead parameters and high amplitude electrograms has been described in adult patients as a consequence of atrial amplifier saturation. Repetitive inputs cause amplifier ringing and undersensing occurs as a consequence of quiet timer blanking. High amplitude ventricular electrograms can also result in atrial blanking secondary to cross-chamber effect. This has not been described in pediatric patients or epicardial pacing systems and specific risk factors are not known. We describe five cases of atrial undersensing in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients with epicardial dual-chamber systems and high ventricular lead outputs. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with dual-chamber pacing systems cared for at the Heart Institute at Children's Hospital Colorado. Results Five cases of atrial undersensing with normal atrial lead parameters were found. All were epicardial systems with acceptable lead parameters at implantation and Medtronic (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) generators with unipolar leads. Ventricular pacing outputs were elevated at presentation, median 5.5 V (5-7.5). Presenting symptoms were exercise intolerance (four) and detection on routine monitoring (one). Successful interventions included reduction in ventricular lead pacing output (one), programming of rate response (two), and implantation of an alternative generator manufacturer (two). Conclusion Atrial undersensing secondary to amplifier ringing and quiet timer blanking is an uncommon presentation but may be clinically important in patients with unipolar epicardial atrial leads and high pacing outputs from ventricular leads.
Racial disparities in concussion knowledge and awareness in american adolescent athletes

Objective To examine if concussion knowledge and awareness disparities exists between underserved African American (AA) adolescent athletes and Caucasian athletes; and, if disparities exist between AAs with and without access to a full-time athletic trainer (AT). Design Cross-sectional. Setting Participants from 14 US high schools (9 within underserved, AA communities and 5 within predominantly Caucasian communities) completed a one-time paper and pencil knowledge of concussion questionnaire. Participants 577 athletes (372 AA, 205 Caucasian). All participants completed concussion education mandated by the government; participants without documentation of completion were excluded. Intervention Race and AT access were the independent variables. Outcome measures Knowledge of concussion was examined using a validated instrument that included 35 questions. Participants were instructed to identify signs and symptoms of concussion, complications of multiple concussions, and answer questions pertaining to general concussion awareness among distractors. Total knowledge was calculated by summing the number of correct answers out of 35. Scores could range from 0 to 35. Scores closer to 35 represented greater knowledge. Data were analysed with frequency statistics and independent t-tests. Knowledge score was the dependent variable; p=0.05. Main results Caucasian adolescents have greater concussion knowledge than AA adolescents (t (2, 575)=5.47, p Conclusions Participation of AA adolescents in concussion-risk sports, such as football, is very high; therefore, education efforts in underserved communities must address the knowledge gap and disparity of care. Competing interests None.
Implications of Sensor Inconsistencies and Remote Sensing Error in the Use of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems for Generation of Information Products for Agricultural Management

Small, unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) for remote sensing represent a relatively new and growing technology to support decisions for agricultural operations. The size and power limitations of these systems present challenges for the weight, size, and capability of the sensors that can be carried, as well as the geographical coverage that is possible. These factors, together with a lack of standards for sensor technology, its deployment, and data analysis, lead to uncertainties in data quality that can be difficult to detect or characterize. These, in turn, limit comparability between data from different sources and, more importantly, imply limits on the analyses that can be accomplished with the data that are acquired with sUAS. This paper offers a simple statistical examination of the implications toward information products of an array of sensor data uncertainty issues. The analysis relies upon high-resolution data collected in 2016 over a commercial vineyard, located near Lodi, California, for the USDA Agricultural Research Service Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX) Program. A Monte Carlo analysis is offered of how uncertainty in sensor spectral response and/or orthorectification accuracy can affect the estimation of information products of potential interest to growers, as illustrated in the form of common vegetation indices.
Gender Matters! Socio-Legal Studies, Courts-Martial, and the US Military

As a sociologist and social theorist, my job in both the research and courtroom aspects of courts-martial is to make sense of the situation from a social scientific perspective and through considerations of context. This means that what I see as important are social and cultural environments and how individuals exist within and as a part of these contexts. I draw from my experiences in both roles, as a researcher and consultant, and during two of the Abu Ghraib courts-martial trials—those of Lynndie England and Sabrina Harman. I put into conversation the law with sociology and social theory, so as to create an additional possibility for understanding the behaviors of individuals as interacting within and through contexts. Additionally, I narrow this focus to incorporate gender and show how this kind of analysis is important to legal studies.
Injectable Biomaterials in Surgery

Biomaterials in clinical practice encompass an enormous breadth of different materials, performing varied functions and taking different forms. Injected biomaterials are a unique subset within the biomaterial field, really entering the mainstream in recent years with the proliferation of minimally invasive technologies. Undoubtedly, as the breadth and depth of minimally invasive technology continues to grow, there will be a continued and even growing emphasis on newer materials or in some cases adaptation of older materials for novel applications.
Target Cells for Avian Leukemia Viruses Revisited

The pathogenesis and molecular functions of the avian retroviruses have been comprehensively reviewed in recent years (1–3). This presentation will focus on three replication-defective avian tumor viruses that are responsible for causing, in a relatively short period of time, acute leukemias in chickens. The involvement of these viruses with the hemopoietic system of the chicken stimulated investigators to search for and to characterize the corresponding in vitro target cells present in hemopoietic organs. In vitro assays for growing target cells for all known acute leukemia viruses are now available and have been described in the literature (4,5).
Framing of CRISPR in Popular News Media

In this paper, I investigate popular media’s framing of CRISPR and its involvement in germline gene therapy. I examine the depiction of a single controversial event regarding CRIPSR from many popular news sources. Each news article critiques Junjiu Huang’s use of CRISPR to genetically modify human embryos. Though these articles demonstrate some real dangers of CRISPR’s use, many news articles exaggerate the dangers of CRISPR’s use by Huang. Such articles bias readers with one-sided quotes from respected scientists and overly dramatic language that unfairly criticizes the ethicality and safety of Huang’s experiment. Popular media fails to distinguish Huang’s specific experiment from critiques of clinical germline therapy and to accurately portray CRISPR’s dangers. These irresponsible actions are ultimately to the detriment of the readers.
Plant Parasitic Nematodes of New England: Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island

New England is a compact, northern region of the United States comprised of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine. It has a small agricultural base compared to other regions of the country that benefit from longer growing seasons and more amenable soil types. New England states are not often associated with agriculture, but the economic value of agriculture is very important for these small states. A recent study (Lopez et al., Economic impacts of Connecticut’s agricultural industry: update 2015. Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy Outreach Report No. 47. University of Connecticut, 2017, September) estimated the 2015 economic impact of agriculture on the Connecticut economy to be $3.3–4 billion in direct sales, generating 21,000 jobs and approximately $800 million in wages. Sales of agricultural products in Massachusetts were over $490 million (Anon, Massachusetts agriculture. http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/agr/facts/snapshot-ofma-agriculture.pdf, 2015) and were approximately $100 million in Rhode Island (Anon, A vision for Rhode Island agriculture: five-year strategic plan. http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/agriculture/documents/RI_agriculture_5yr_strategicplan.pdf, 2011). In addition, the green industry including landscaping and golf courses, adds significantly to both economic values and the quality of life in these states.
(Re)Beginning and Becoming: Antiracism and Professional Development with White Practicing Teachers.

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on an educational foundations-based professional development (PD) curriculum of antiracist conscientization we as two teacher educators designed and implemented with ei...
The Wonder of the Andromeda Galaxy

Who we are as humans is often dependent upon how we define our position in the universe. At the center of that definition since ancient times has been the Andromeda Galaxy. The astronomical story of the Andromeda Galaxy is not simply the tale of a celestial object, a specific tool such as the telescope, or of a particular science. Instead, it is a story about humans, history, and how we view ourselves as living beings.
Assessing Barriers to Healthy Eating in Hospitalized Older Adults With Heart Failure: Psychometric Properties of Two Questionnaires.

ABSTRACT Background Dietary sodium excess and malnutrition have been associated with poor outcomes in heart failure (HF). Few previous studies have examined the barriers to following a low-sodium, nutritionally robust diet in hospitalized patients with HF. Methods and Results As part of a dietary intervention pilot study, 76 inpatients with HF (age 71 ± 8 years, 30% female, 30% black, 36% Hispanic/Latino) completed 2 questionnaires, the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) and the Brief Dietary Psychosocial Scale (BDPS), to assess challenges in following a low-sodium, nutritionally complete diet. We assessed the factor structure of the DSRQ and BDPS with confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (CFA and EFA). CFA did not support the established 3-factor solution for the DSRQ; instead, EFA indicated that a 2-factor solution (subjective norms/attitudes and perceived behavioral control) provided the best fit for the data. EFA supported 4 separate factors for the BDPS, as in its original derivation. Cronbach's alphas supported internal consistency reliability for both scales (DSRQ: 0.85–0.94; BDPS: 0.72–0.95). Conclusions In a mixed-ethnicity group of hospitalized older patients with HF, the DSRQ and BDPS have reasonable psychometric properties. These questionnaires may help identify barriers to healthy dietary practices and facilitate nutritional interventions in this high-risk population.
Coevolving Artistic Images Using OMNIREP.

We have recently developed OMNIREP, a coevolutionary algorithm to discover both a representation and an interpreter that solve a particular problem of interest. Herein, we demonstrate that the OMNIREP framework can be successfully applied within the field of evolutionary art. Specifically, we coevolve representations that encode image position, alongside interpreters that transform these positions into one of three pre-defined shapes (chunks, polygons, or circles) of varying size, shape, and color. We showcase a sampling of the unique image variations produced by this approach.
Look before you leap: making the transition from administration to faculty

Career trajectories within the academic enterprise elicit copious amounts of literature, much of which focuses on individuals who hail from faculty and rise through the academic ranks to college an...
A Multicenter Study of Intramedullary Rodding in Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a heritable connective tissue disorder with wide clinical variability, predisposes to recurrent fractures and bone deformity. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach in which intramedullary rodding plays an important role, especially for moderate and severe forms. We investigated the patterns of surgical procedures in OI in order to establish the benefits of rodding. The main hypothesis that guided this study was that rodded participants with moderate and severe OI would have lower fracture rates and better mobility. Methods With data from the Linked Clinical Research Centers, we analyzed rodding status in 558 individuals. Mobility and fracture data in OI Types III and IV were compared between rodded and non-rodded groups. Univariate regression analyses were used to test the association of mobility outcomes with various covariates pertinent to rodding. Results Of the individuals with OI, 42.1% had undergone rodding (10.7% of those with Type I, 66.4% with Type III, and 67.3% with Type IV). Rodding was performed more frequently and at a younger age in femora compared with tibiae. Expanding intramedullary rods were used more frequently in femora. In Type III, the rate of fractures per year was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) for rodded bones. In Type III, the mean scores on the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (GFAQ) and Brief Assessment of Motor Function (BAMF) were higher in the rodded group. However, Type-IV non-rodded subjects had higher mean scores in nearly all mobility outcomes. OI type, the use of expanding rods in tibiae, and anthropometric measurements were associated with mobility outcomes scores. Conclusions Current practice in 5 orthopaedic centers with extensive experience treating OI demonstrates that most individuals with moderate and severe types of OI undergo rodding procedures. Individuals with severe OI have improved mobility outcomes and lower fracture rates compared with their non-rodded peers, which suggests that early bilateral rodding benefits OI Type III. Our analysis showed a change in practice patterns in the final years of the study in the severe forms, with earlier and more simultaneous rodding procedures performed. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF KEPLER B-STAR VARIABLES

The light curves of 252 B-star candidates in the Kepler database are analyzed in a similar fashion to that done by Balona et al. to further characterize B-star variability, increase the sample of variable B stars for future study, and to identify stars whose power spectra include particularly interesting features such as frequency groupings. Stars are classified as either constant light emitters, β Cep stars, slowly pulsating B stars (SPBs), hybrid pulsators, binaries or stars whose light curves are dominated by rotation (Bin/Rot), hot subdwarfs, or white dwarfs. One-hundred stars in our sample were found to be either light constants or to be variable at a level of less than 0.02 mmag. We increase the number of candidate B-star variables found in the Kepler database by Balona et al. in the following fashion: β Cep stars from 0 to 10, SPBs from eight to 54, hybrid pulsators from seven to 21, and Bin/Rot stars from 23 to 82. For comparison purposes, approximately 51 SPBs and six hybrids had been known prior to 2007. The number of β Cep stars known prior to 2004 was 93. A secondary result of this study is the identification of an additional 11 pulsating white dwarf candidates, four of which possess frequency groupings.
US Physicians' and Nurses' Motivations, Barriers, and Recommendations for Correcting Health Misinformation on Social Media: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Health misinformation is a public health concern. Various stakeholders have called on health care professionals, such as nurses and physicians, to be more proactive in correcting health misinformation on social media. Objective: This study aims to identify US physicians’ and nurses’ motivations for correcting health misinformation on social media, the barriers they face in doing so, and their recommendations for overcoming such barriers. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 participants, which comprised 15 (50%) registered nurses and 15 (50%) physicians. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Results: Participants were personally (eg, personal choice) and professionally (eg, to fulfill the responsibility of a health care professional) motivated to correct health misinformation on social media. However, they also faced intrapersonal (eg, a lack of positive outcomes and time), interpersonal (eg, harassment and bullying), and institutional (eg, a lack of institutional support and social media training) barriers to correcting health misinformation on social media. To overcome these barriers, participants recommended that health care professionals should receive misinformation and social media training, including building their social media presence. Conclusions: US physicians and nurses are willing to correct health misinformation on social media despite several barriers. Nonetheless, this study provides recommendations that can be used to overcome such barriers. Overall, the findings can be used by health authorities and organizations to guide policies and activities aimed at encouraging more health care professionals to be present on social media to counteract health misinformation. Trial Registration:
ManHang: (English title:ephemeral epiphany)

The title written in Chinese means the way to reach true knowledge. I tried to depict my own realization of the circle of life in this animation, the destined suffering since the birth, the paralyzed salvation after the death and the voidness of meaning. The only way to escape from the circle of life is to see it and to realize it, although the realization evaporates in a moment. I wanted to see it to show it. Software:Adobe After Effects, Phototshop, Boris FX, Avid Xpress, Protools.Hardware:IBM Copyright held by creator.
Verification of an Analytic Model for Latchup in Epitaxial CMOS

This paper presents 2D simulation mid experimental results for direct verification of an analytic model for the holding voltage in epitaxial CMOS that emphasized the role of conductivity modulation. Improvement in the holding voltage with lower doping in the anode and cathode regions, as predicted by the model, is compared with simulation results. The key concept of the model is the equivalence of a 2D thyristor 10 a p-i-n diode of the same geometry. This paper verifies this concept. Simulated as well as experimentally determined I-V characteristics of thyristors are compared wit h those of p-i-n diodes.
La Dormitio Virginis in Catalogna e una tavola di Antonio da Fabriano / The Dormitio Virginis in Catalonia and a painting by Antonio da Fabriano

Il pittore Antonio di Agostino e documentato a Fabriano tra 1451 e 1489. I documenti sembrano suggerire che la sua attivita fu circoscritta alla citta natale. La Dormitio Virginis della Pinacoteca civica "B. Molajoli" di fabriano sconfessa pero questa dimensione puramente locale. Il pittore si e infatti servito di un modello estraneo alla tradizione artistica italiana della meta del Quattrocento. Zeri riteneva che l’opera ripetesse un “modulo frequente nei retablos spagnoli”. Questa ipotesi, accantonata dalla critica piu recente, trae ora invece nuova forza da un’accurata analisi della fortuna del tema della Dormitio Virginis nella pittura spagnola tra XIV e XV secolo: la tavola fabrianese si ispira a una tradizione iconografica e compositiva che ha avuto un solido sviluppo in Catalogna. L’idea che la cultura di Antonio da Fabriano partecipi della “koine” artistica mediterranea, incontro di cultura fiamminga e valenciano-catalana, e confermata anche dal discusso San Girolamo di Baltimora e da un documento che sembrerebbe alludere ad un viaggio del pittore da Genova verso Sud. Thanks to several documents we know that between 1451 and 1489 the painter Antonio di Agostino was in Fabriano, where he seems to have lived and worked for his entire life. However, the Dormitio Virginis owned by the Pinacoteca Civica "B. Molajoli" of Fabriano tells us something different about his artistic culture: the painter was inspired by a model alien to Italian painting in the middle of the fifteenth century. Zeri argued that the painting recalls a representation that is usual in the Spanish retablos. This idea has been recently rejected by scholars, but it is now supported by a new analysis of the spread of the representation of the Dormitio Virginis in Spanish painting in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries: Antonio’s painting is strictly related to a traditional Catalan iconography. The culture of Antonio da Fabriano is connected to the artistic Mediterranean koine characterized by Flemish, Catalan and Valencian influences. This relationship is confirmed by the debated Saint Jerome in Baltimore and by a document that alludes to the painter’s voyage south from Genoa.