cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comentarios biomorfológicos y clínicos sobre el género Scopulariopsis, Bainier. Hialohifomicosis en unas y piel. II

Se analiza el genero Scopulariopsis bajo ciertos aspectos biologicos. morfologicos, ontogenicos, taxonomicos y los relacionados con su patologia en el hombre y animales. Se comenta la problematica micologica y clinica junto a la descripcion de 18 casos de hialohifomicosis en unas y piel. La especie dominante fue S. brevicaulis (14/ 18), S. brumptii (2/18), S. flava ( 1/ 18) y S. candida (1/18) fueron esporadicas. S. brevicaulis y S. brumptii se aislaron (6/18), asociados a otros agentes oportunistas o a un dermatofito como Fusarium, Candida, Trichophyton
Hydraulic geometry and the nonlinearity of the network instantaneous response

[1] We postulate that the spatial variability in flow velocity in a basin, arising from the systematic downstream variation of celerity, may explain the observed nonlinear rainfall-runoff relationships. This is based on the argument that different rainfall excess rates will produce different velocity fields in a basin due to the nonlinear relation between velocity and flow. In particular, we show that if the mean velocity V varies with flow Q as V ∝ Qm, then the time to peak tp and the peak f(tp) of the network instantaneous response function (IRF) vary as tp ∝ ie−m and f(tp) ∝ ie+m, where ie is the rainfall excess rate.
The Torah in Transition: Imitative Aspects from Codex to Database

Because the significance of a sacred text comes not only from its content but also its format and materiality, the rise of digital formats is especially a concern for the Jewish community, the ‘people of the book’ (Am ha-Sefer) whose identity is rooted in the Torah. Drawing together scholarship on the history of the book in its changing formats and an illuminative case study of the Jewish Torah in its digital iterations, the Jewish case presented here is instructive but certainly not unique. Despite dramatic changes in reading technology throughout history, readers have time and again used a new technology to perform the same functions as that of the old, only more quickly, with more efficiency, or in greater quantity. While taking advantage of the innovation and novelty which characterize digital formats, a concerted effort to retain much older operations and appearances continues to be made in this transition as well. The analysis in this article aims to further dispel the misguided notion of technological supersession, the idea that new reading technologies ‘kill’ older formats in a straightforward model of elimination.
Plutonium speciation: The one-oxidation-state method

The distribution of plutonium oxidation-states in acid solutions can be estimated if the pH and the fraction of one oxidation state can be determined. The approach applies to plutonium in laboratory solutions and to plutonium in water of the environment.
Harmonic analysis of the cone flicker ERG of rabbit.

Abstract Harmonic analysis was used to characterize the rabbit flicker ERG elicited by sinusoidally modulated full-field stimuli under light-adapted conditions. The frequency-response function for fundamental amplitude, derived from Fourier analysis of the ERG waveforms, exhibited two limbs, with an amplitude minimum at approximately 30 Hz, and a high-frequency region peaking at around 45 Hz and extending to more than 100 Hz at higher adapting levels. At low frequencies (
Chemotactic response of mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells to bone Gla protein.

Abstract Bone gla protein (BGP) and decarboxylated bone gla protein (dBGP) were tested for chemotactic activity against stage 24 chick limb bud mesenchymal cells, chick embryonic muscle-drived fibroblasts, murine Balb/C 3T3 cells, and two lines of rat osteosarcoma cells, ROS- 17 2.8 and −25 1 . Both BGP and dBGP were potent chemoattractants for all the cell types except 3T3 cells. The dose response curves were bell-shaped, with maximal chemotactic response ranging from 5 pg/ml for ROS 25 1 cells to 10 ng/ml for the stage 24 limb bud cells. dBGP was equally potent a chemoattractant as BGP for all cell types tested indicating that the gamma-carboxylation of the glutamic acid residues is not required for chemotactic activity. Given this chemotactic capability, it is possible that BGP acts in bone remodelling by attracting osteogenic cells to the sites of bone resorption where BGP may be liberated or exposed.
Guinea pig intestinal iron binding protein

Abstract An iron binding protein, isolated from guinea pig intestinal mucosa, was compared to guinea pig transferrin. Both had a molecular weight of approximately 80,000. The intestinal iron-binding protein consisted of 2 subunits of equal molecular weight; transferrin had no subunits. Transferrin showed an absorbance peak at 470 nm; the intestinal iron-binding protein had no visible absorbance but did have a peak at 336 nm. Electron spin resonance spectra of the two proteins dfffered. Significant differences on amino acid analysis were also identified.
Heavy Isotope Abundances in Mike Thermonuclear Device

The November 1, 1952 thermonuclear explosion ("Mike") produced all of the uranium isotopes ${\mathrm{U}}^{239}$, ${\mathrm{U}}^{240}$,...${\mathrm{U}}^{255}$ through multiple neutron capture by ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$. The long-lived products of successive ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays from these isotopes were measured mass spectrometrically and radiometrically. The logarithms of the abundances decline smoothly with increasing mass number; the even-mass abundances slightly exceed the geometric mean of adjacent odd-mass abundances. Some nuclear properties of neutron-rich heavy nuclides, not subject to ordinary investigation are inferred.
Correction of Anteriorly Displaced Medial Canthus by Tendon Retropositioning

Medial canthal retropositioning in a patient who had epiphora, recurrent conjunctivitis, and intermittent eyelid inversion secondary to displacement of the medial canthal apparatus by enlarged bony orbits relieved his symptoms immediately. They have not recurred during a three-year follow-up period.
Treatment of liver metastases from a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.

resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, showing an 8-cm mass in the head of the pancreas. She was reexplored, and a Whipple procedure was performed at that time. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 14 after the pancreaticoduodenectomy, without any major complications after the procedure. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by a distinctive solid and papillary pattern. Pathology reported a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. Three years later, on follow-up studies, two metastatic lesions were seen in the liver (Fig. 1); a 9-cm lesion in the right lobe and a second, 1.5-cm lesion, in the left lateral segment of the left lobe. Liver function test results were completely normal. She was considered to be a good candidate for liver resection of the metastases, based on the slow-growing pattern of solid pseudopapillary tumors, as reported by previous authors;2,3,5 the absence of extrahepatic disease on imaging studies; a disease-free interval of 3 years; and an excellent cardiopulmonary status. A bilateral subcostal incision with a midline extension and extensive lysis of adhesions were performed and the abdomen was manually explored. On intraoperative ultrasound, a total of three lesions were seen, two in the left lateral segment of the left lobe (1cm and 1.5cm each) and one in the right lobe, located in segments 5, 6, and 8 (measured 9cm in greatest dimension), with more than 1cm of margin from the edge of the tumor to the middle hepatic vein. A right hepatic lobectomy plus wide excision of the two lesions in the left lateral segment was performed (see Fig. 2 for photograph of the resected specimen). Pathology reported a friable tumor showing pseudocystic areas, in a highly cellular neoplasm, forming multiple pseudopapillae with hyalinized fibrovascular cores lined by several layers of bland fragile epithelial cells with nuclear grooves, consistent with metastases from a solid pseudopapillary tumor, with negative margins (Figs. 3 and 4). The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 with a small Introduction
■ Dr. Constantin Cope Medical Student Research Award Transcatheter intraarterial delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled natural killer lymphocytes to hepatocellular carcinoma: longitudinal efficacy studies in a rat model

Purpose Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) with natural killer (NK) lymphocytes is a promising therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle labeling permits magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based quantification of NK delivery to HCC post infusion; intraarterial (IA) NK infusion demonstrates a therapeutic benefit compared to intravenous (IV) NK infusion; and NK delivery is correlated with tumor therapeutic response 8 days post infusion. Materials and Methods NK-92MIs were labeled with fluorescent SPIOs (GENOVIS, Sweden). 18 Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with McA-RH7777 tumors; 6 rats each comprised IA NK, IA saline, and IV NK groups. Catheter (Terumo Medical, NJ) was placed in hepatic artery or tail vein for IA NK/saline and IV NK infusions, respectively. MRI tumor size and T2* measurements were compared pre and 8 days post infusion. Tumor size changes, ΔT2*, and histological measurements were compared; Prussian blue staining was used for histological identification of labeled NK cells. CD56 and fluorescence microscopy qualitatively confirmed NK delivery. ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses. Results 91.7%, 85.7%, and 100.0% of tumors grew in IA NK, IA saline, and IV NK groups, respectively; initial tumor diameters were not different between groups (p=0.15), but final tumor diameters were different between all groups (p Conclusion The intrahepatic distribution of SPIO-labeled NKs was quantitatively visualized with MRI, and both labeled NK delivery as measured by histology and MRI were well-correlated with tumor response as determined by change in tumor diameter, with IA NKs demonstrating the strongest response. The developed techniques demonstrate potential for the adjustment of patient-specific therapeutic regimens during AIT for the treatment of HCC.
Prediction of thermally induced fracture from notch and crack front

Abstract The strain energy density criterion is applied to predict fracture trajectories emanating from existing notch and crack front in nonisothermal environments. When temperature gradients are raised sufficiently high across a notch or crack, the resulting fracture trajectories are non-self-similar and curved in shape. Influence of mechanical loading is also considered in addition to stresses induced by thermal changes. Increase in the applied mechanical load tends to shift or restore the fracture trajectories toward the plane of notch or crack symmetry. The notch sharpness can be varied by adjusting the ration of the minor to major axes of an elliptical cavity. Narrowing the notch primarily increases the local intensity of the strain energy density function d W/ d V that is inversely proportional to the radial distance measured from the focal point of the ellipse. This singular character of d W/ d V prevails, in general, for all materials and loadings. Numerical results are obtained and displayed graphically for several examples involving fracture trajectory shapes that are not intuitively obvious.
Enhancement of the growth promoting activity of human growth hormone

Abstract The growth promoting activity of human growth hormone was enhanced at least 4 to 5-fold by controlled digestion with a bacterial proteinase. The increased growth activity was measured in rats by both the tibial line and weight gain assays. By radioimmunoassay the potentiated material was indistinguishable from intact human growth hormone. Pigeon crop sac stimulating activity was increased 4 to 10-fold by the enzymic modification. Three forms denoted as I, II and III were formed during the digestion. These were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and all were similar in enhanced biological potencies. Peptide mapping indicated the three forms lacked residues 138–147 but other structural differences could not be determined by this technique. The activation process involved, therefore, conversion of the hormone from a single chain to a double chain-structure.
Desktop nanofabrication with massively multiplexed beam pen lithography

The development of a lithographic method that can rapidly define nanoscale features across centimetre-scale surfaces has been a long-standing goal for the nanotechnology community. If such a 'desktop nanofab' could be implemented in a low-cost format, it would bring the possibility of point-of-use nanofabrication for rapidly prototyping diverse functional structures. Here we report the development of a new tool that is capable of writing arbitrary patterns composed of diffraction-unlimited features over square centimetre areas that are in registry with existing patterns and nanostructures. Importantly, this instrument is based on components that are inexpensive compared with the combination of state-of-the-art nanofabrication tools that approach its capabilities. This tool can be used to prototype functional electronic devices in a mask-free fashion in addition to providing a unique platform for performing high-throughput nano- to macroscale photochemistry with relevance to biology and medicine.
Inelastic-Neutron-Scattering Study of Acoustic Phonons in Nb 3 Sn

Transverse-acoustic-phonon frequencies and line shapes have been studied as a function of temperature in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$Sn. There is a substantial (\ensuremath{\sim} 10%) reduction in all of the mode frequencies studied between 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and the cubic-tetragonal transformation temperature ${T}_{M}=45$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Even more pronounced elastic softening is observed for $[\ensuremath{\zeta}\ensuremath{\zeta}0]{T}_{1}$ phonons with $\frac{q{q}_{\mathrm{Z}.\mathrm{B}.}}{10}$. As $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{M}$ from above, phonons in this latter group acquire an unusual quasielastic "central" component in addition to the phononlike sidebands. The evolution of this central component is adequately described by a phenomenological theory which assumes an additional low-frequency ralaxation mechanism for the acoustic phonons. Finally, abrupt changes in certain phonon lifetimes are deteched near the superconducting transformation temperature ${T}_{c}=18.0$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This behavior is traced to the the inability of phonons with energies less than that of the superconducting gap $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(T)$ to decay by creation of excited electron-quasiparticle pairs. These measurements given an estimate of $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)=(4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6){k}_{B}{T}_{c}$ and reveal a strong anisotropy in the electron-transverse-phonon interaction.
An Investigation of Modifying Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Metabolism-related Genes on the Relationship between Peripheral Nerve Function and Mercury Levels in Urine and Hair

Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxicant. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding glutathione-related proteins, selenoproteins and metallothioneins may modify the relationship of mercury biomarkers with changes in peripheral nerve function. Dental professionals (n = 515) were recruited in 2009 and 2010. Sensory nerve function (onset latency, peak latency and amplitude) of the median, ulnar and sural nerves was recorded. Samples of urine, hair and DNA were collected. Covariates related to demographics, nerve function and elemental and methyl-mercury exposure were also collected. Subjects included 244 dentists (47.4%) and 269 non-dentists (52.2%; mostly dental hygienists and dental assistants). The mean mercury levels in urine (1.06 μg/L) and hair (0.51 μg/g) were not significantly different from the US general population (0.95 μg/L and 0.47 μg/g, respectively). In multivariate linear models predicting nerve function adjusting for covariates, only 3 out of a total of 504 models showed stable and statistically significant interaction of SNPs with mercury biomarkers. Overall, given the possibility of false positives, the results suggested little evidence of effect modification of the SNPs on the relationship between mercury biomarkers with peripheral nerve function at exposure levels that are relevant to the general US population.
Robust contour decomposition using a constant curvature criterion

The problem of decomposing an extended boundary or contour into simple primitives is addressed with particular emphasis on Laplacian-of-Gaussian zero-crossing contours. A technique is introduced for partitioning such contours into constant curvature segments. A nonlinear 'blip' filter matched to the impairment signature of the curvature computation process, an overlapped voting scheme, and a sequential contiguous segment extraction mechanism are used. This technique is insensitive to reasonable changes in algorithm parameters and robust to noise and minor viewpoint-induced distortions in the contour shape, such as those encountered between stereo image pairs. The results vary smoothly with the data, and local perturbations induce only local changes in the result. Robustness and insensitivity are experimentally verified. >
Acknowledgment of related prior work

In Wooldridge ( 2005 ), I posed a problem whose solution involved showing that the so-called ignorability of treatment assumption, commonly used in the treatment effects literature, was necessarily violated. In particular, in a setting with multiple treatment effects and without distributional or functional form assumptions, I assumed that treatment was randomized with respect to the counterfactual outcomes but not with respect to the covariates. I applied the law of iterated expectations to provide a simple proof that ignorability (given the covariates) necessarily fails.
Geometrical decay of the spin Hall effect measured in Fe ( CsAu ) ν multilayers

The Hall effect of $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CsAu}{)}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ is investigated ($\ensuremath{\nu}$ is an integer). Electrons with spin up and down experience a different degree of specular reflection at the $\mathrm{FeCs}$ interface. This yields a different mean free path for the two spin orientations. In the presence of an electric field parallel to the plane of the film one obtains a spin current in addition to the charge current. If one introduces impurities with a large spin-orbit scattering into the Cs host then the combination of spin current and spin-orbit scattering yields a spin Hall effect. By building in situ multilayers of $\mathrm{CsAu}$ ($5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ of Cs and 0.04 atomic layers of Au) on top of an Fe film one can measure the relative magnitude of the spin current normal to the film. Within the accuracy of the experimental data the spin current in $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CsAu}{)}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decays exponentially with a decay length of $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.
Validation of Cosmed's FitMate™ in Measuring Exercise Metabolism∗

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the FitMate™ metabolic system (Cosmed, Rome, Italy) in measuring oxygen consumption during graded exercise. The FitMate™ is a new, small (20 × 24 cm) metabolic analyzer designed for measurement of oxygen consumption during rest and exercise. Subjects included 40 healthy adults (N = 20 males, N = 20 females) ranging in age from 18 to 37 kg/m2 (mean ± SD age, 22.5 ± 3.6 years) and body mass index (BMI) from 18.3 to 32.5 kg/m2 (23.2 ± 3.3 years). One-minute FitMate™ and Douglas bag measurements were made during steady state conditions at the end of each 3-minute stage of the Bruce treadmill graded exercise test, and subjects continued until they could not attain steady state exercise during a stage. Oxygen consumption difference scores (Douglas bag minus FitMate™ measurements) did not differ between males and females, so data were combined and analyzed for the entire group. During the first three stages, mean oxygen consumption did not differ significan...
Observations of the maternal behaviour of two captive greater bushbabies (Galago crassicaudatus argentatus).

Abstract One greater bushbaby mother and her male offspring, and another mother with one female and one male twin, were observed separately during the first 16 weeks of the infants' lives. Mothers maintained close contant with infants and groomed them repeatedly during the first 2 weeks, but began rejecting some attempts by infants to gain contact during the third week. After week 7 mothers displayed little interest in the infants. Infants crawled several centimetres from their mothers for short periods during the third week and by the fifth week were leaving for considerable distances; but infants approached mothers more than they were approached and left less often throughout most of the study. One mother occasionally carried her infant in her jaws or allowed it to cling to her fur while she moved about until week 8; the other mother occasionally carried until week 12. Infants groomed mothers beginning in week 4. Social play was seen only between the two t2ins. Lactation in the one mother that was checked periodically declined gradually until week 15 after which no milk could be expressed manually. Mothers neither retrieved infants that wandered from the home shelf nor turned them over in their hands while grooming them as has been reported for the lesser bushbaby ( Galago senegalensis ).
Behavior of lophophorates during the end-Permian mass extinction and recovery

Abstract The end-Permian mass extinction devastated most marine communities and the recovery was a protracted event lasting several million years into the Early Triassic. Environmental and biological processes undoubtedly controlled patterns of recovery for marine invertebrates in the aftermath of the extinction, but are often difficult to single-out. The global diversity and distribution of marine lophophorates during the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction indicates that stenolaemate bryozoans, rhynchonelliform brachiopods, and lingulid brachiopods displayed distinct recovery patterns. Bryozoans were the most susceptible of the lophophorates, experiencing relatively high rates of extinction at the end of the Permian, and becoming restricted to the Boreal region during the Early Triassic. The recovery of bryozoans was also delayed until the Late Triassic and characterized by very low diversity and abundance. Following the final disappearance of Permian rhynchonelliform brachiopod survivors, Early Triassic rhynchonelliform brachiopod abundance remained suppressed despite a successful re-diversification and a global distribution, suggesting a decoupling between global taxonomic and ecological processes likely driven by lingering environmental stress. In contrast with bryozoans and rhynchonelliforms, lingulid brachiopods rebounded rapidly, colonizing shallow marine settings left vacant by the extinction. Lingulid dominance, characterized by low diversity but high numerical abundance, was short-lived and they were once again displaced back into marginal settings as environmental stress changed through the marine recovery. The presence in lingulid brachiopods of the respiratory pigment hemerythrin, known to increase the efficacy of oxygen storage and transport, when coupled with other morphological and physiological adaptations, may have given lingulids a survival advantage in environmentally stressed Early Triassic settings.
X-ray diffraction studies of phase transformations in heavy-metal fluoride glasses

Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies of the crystallization properties of five ZrF4-based glass compositions have indicated that the crystalline phase in Zr-Ba-La-Pb fluoride glass is beta-BaZrF6; no such identification of crystal phases was obtainable, however, for the other glasses. Reversible polymorphic phase transformations occur in Zr-Ba-La-Li and Zr-Ba-La-Na fluoride glasses, upon heating to higher temperatures.
Moors, Race, and the Study of English Renaissance Literature: A Brief Retrospective

In thirty years the study of race in early modern literature has moved from the margins of scholarship to occupy its now central role in the analysis of English Renaissance culture. Narrow typological interpretations of blackness dominated Renaissance racial studies in the past. Feminist criticism in the late 80s opened up the field in its examination of how gender and class inform constructions of racial differences – both black and white. In the past fifteen years, scholars have recognized the necessity of tracing the emergence of racial differences in a wider range of disciplines and contexts, including scientific discourse, geography, religious identity, and trade relations.
Multiple Insertion of Acetonitrile into a Novel Aluminum-Amide Complex. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of (tren)Al[(CH3)CN(CH3)CN]3

Abstract Reaction of trimethylaluminum with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) in acetonitrile affords the crystalline product (tren)Al[(CH3)CN(CH3CN]3. The title compound crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R 3 (No. 148) with unit cell parameters a = 11.631(4), c = 26.440(9) A, V = 3097(2) A3 and ρ = 1.34 g cm−3 for Z = 6. Least-squares refinement based on 551 observed reflections with intensities I > 3σ(I) in the range 3.50 > 20 > 45.0[ddot] converged at R = 0.070, R w = 0.088. Acetonitrile was observed to undergo an interesting oligomerization in this system; each primary amine linkage of tren, CH2CH2NH2, was extended by the coupling of two acetonitrile fragments. The core aluminum atom in (tren)AI(CH3CN)6 resides in an octahedral environment as the terminal nitrogen atoms of tren occupy three coordination sites while the three remaining coordination sites are occupied by terminal nitrogen atoms of the coupled acetonitrile units. The title compound resides about a crystallographic three-fold axis ...
Neuroanatomical patterns of fos-like immunoreactivity induced by a palatable meal and meal-paired environment in saline- and naltrexone-treated rats.

Opioid antagonists block the positive hedonic response to food taste and are potent inhibitors of palatability-driven feeding. However, the specific brain regions within which opioid peptide secretion contributes to the maintenance of palatability-driven feeding have not been clearly established. In the present study, c-Fos immunohistochemistry was used to identify regions rostral to the hindbrain that display cellular activation in response to a palatable meal and the meal-paired environment. Further, it was determined whether any of the cellular responses could be prevented by pretreating animals with naltrexone. Twenty brain regions known to be involved in gustation, appetite and reward functions were examined. Ingestion of the palatable meal (3.0 g of 30% shortening, 20% sucrose and 50% powdered Purina rat chow) increased Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmentum (VTA) and medial preoptic area (MPOA), and decreased FLI in the habenula (Hab). The meal-paired environment increased FLI in the VTA and nucleus accumbens shell (NAC shell). Naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not block consumption of the small meal but did prevent all of the distinctive increases in FLI induced by the meal and meal-paired environment. Since naltrexone, alone, increased FLI in VTA, NAC shell, central amygdala (ceA) and laterodorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTLD), the blunting of ingestion reward by naltrexone may result from direct or transsynaptic activating effects on opponent neuronal activity within this highly interconnected set of structures that mediate and modulate reward.
Understanding the Terrorist Threat: Policy Implications of a Motivational Account of Terrorism

Terrorism is a tool designed to reach political objectives. Terrorism emerges in a social and political context, representing a form of psychological warfare aimed at achieving political goals by e...
Kyllo v. United States Why the Supreme Court Has Not Laid the Thermal-Imaging Debate to Rest

In Kyllo v. United States, the Supreme Court handed down an apparently bright-line rule stating that government use of devices not in “general public use” (e.g., thermal imagers), which can be used to view the “details of a home,” constitutes a search within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. This article argues that the Court’s decision is flawed for several reasons: (a) There is no agreement over the “general public use” standard, (b) there is no agreement over what can be considered “details of the home,” (c) the Court failed to exercise judicial restraint, (d) the Court restricted law enforcement officials’ ability to draw “inferences” about criminal activity, and perhaps most important, (e) the decision does not place restrictions on the use of thermal imagers for other law enforcement purposes besides the direct procurement of criminal evidence.
Role of Protein Kinase C in the Signal Pathways That Link Na+/K+-ATPase to ERK1/2

Abstract We have shown before that Na+/K+-ATPase acts as a signal transducer, through protein-protein interactions, in addition to being an ion pump. Interaction of ouabain with the enzyme of the intact cells causes activation of Src, transactivation of EGFR, and activation of the Ras/ERK1/2 cascade. To determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in this pathway, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were exposed to ouabain and assayed for translocation/activation of PKC from cytosolic to particulate fractions. Ouabain caused rapid and sustained stimulation of this translocation, evidenced by the assay of Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent PKC activities and by the immunoblot analysis of the α, δ, and e isoforms of PKC. Dose-dependent stimulation of PKC translocation by ouabain (1–100 μm) was accompanied by no more than 50% inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase and doubling of [Ca2+]i, changes that do not affect myocyte viability and are known to be associated with positive inotropic, but not toxic, effects of ouabain in rat cardiac ventricles. Ouabain-induced activation of ERK1/2 was blocked by PKC inhibitors calphostin C and chelerythrine. An inhibitor of phosphoinositide turnover in myocytes also antagonized ouabain-induced PKC translocation and ERK1/2 activation. These and previous findings indicate that ouabain-induced activation of PKC and Ras, each linked to Na+/K+-ATPase through Src/EGFR, are both required for the activation of ERK1/2. Ouabain-induced PKC translocation and ERK1/2 activation were dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the medium, suggesting that the signal-transducing and ion-pumping functions of Na+/K+-ATPase cooperate in activation of these protein kinases and the resulting regulation of contractility and growth of the cardiac myocyte.
Real-time storm detection and weather forecast activation through data mining and events processing

Each year across the USA, destructive weather events disrupt transportation and commerce, resulting in both loss of lives and property. Mitigating the impacts of such severe events requires innovative new software tools and cyberinfrastructure through which scientists can monitor data for specific severe weather events such as thunderstorms and launch focused modeling computations for prediction and forecasts of these evolving weather events. Bringing about a paradigm shift in meteorology research and education through advances in cyberinfrastructure is one of the key research objectives of the Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD) project, a large-scale, interdisciplinary NSF funded project spanning ten institutions. In this paper we address the challenges of making cyberinfrastructure frameworks responsive to real-time conditions in the physical environment driven by the use cases in mesoscale meteorology. The contribution of the research is two-fold: on the cyberinfrastructure side, we propose a model for bridging between the physical environment and e-Science1 workflow systems, specifically through events processing systems, and provide a proof of concept implementation of that model in the context of the LEAD cyberinfrastructure. On the algorithmic side, we propose efficient stream mining algorithms that can be carried out on a continuous basis in real time over large volumes of observational data.
Consumer willingness to pay for domestic 'fair trade': Evidence from the United States

The success of fair trade labels for food products imported from the Global South has attracted interest from producers and activists in the Global North. Efforts are under way to develop domestic versions of fair trade in regions that include the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Fair trade, which is based on price premiums to support agricultural producers and workers in the Global South, has enjoyed tremendous sales growth in the past decade. Will consumers also pay a price premium to improve the conditions of those engaged in agriculture closer to home? To address this question, consumer willingness to pay for food embodying a living wage and safe working conditions for farmworkers was assessed with a national survey in the United States. The question format was a discrete choice (yes/no) response to one of four randomly selected price premiums, as applied to a hypothetical example of a pint of strawberries. Multilevel regression models indicated that respondents were willing to pay a median of 68% more for these criteria, with frequent organic consumers and those who consider the environment when making purchases most willing to pay higher amounts. Although the results should be interpreted with caution, given the well-known gap between expressed attitudes and actual behaviors, we conclude that there is a strong potential market opportunity for domestic fair trade.
Distribution of chromosomal polymorphisms in three subspecies of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri).

The presence of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and C-band polymorphisms has been examined in three subspecies of squirrel monkeys, Saimiri sciureus sciureus, S. boliviensis boliviensis, and 5. boliviensis peruviensis. Pericentric inversions in chromosomes 15 and 16 were also examined in the three groups. Chromosome 15 was acrocentric in S. s. sciureus and sub-metacentric in S. b. boliviensis and S. b. peruviensis. Chromosome 16 was acrocentric in S. s. sciureus and S. b. boliviensis while being submetacentric in S. b. peruviensis. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the C-band polymorphisms on chro mosomes 5 and 14 in the three groups, as determined by Chi-square analysis, while no difference was observed in the distribution of the NOR polymorphism on chromosome 2. The NOR polymorphism and the interstitial C-band polymorphism of chromosome 14 were found in all three groups; the C-band polymorphism of chromosome 5 was found only in S. s. sciureus. Twelve pedigreed families were examined. Pedigree analyses were consistent with codominant inheritance of each polymorphism. The results of these cytogenetic studies in squirrel monkeys are pertinent to genetic management and research protocols.
Amphoteric surfactant templating route for mesoporous zirconia

An amphoteric surfactant templating route permits the synthesis of hexagonal mesophases of zirconium compounds by self-assembly of the surfactant and soluble zirconium species in aqueous solution.
HUMAN RETINA EXPRESSES BOTH CONSTITUTIVE AND INDUCIBLE ISOFORMS OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE MRNA

The present study provided evidence for the presence of two forms of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) gene in the human retina. Expression of retinal constitutive type(rbNOS) and inducible type(riNOS) of NOS was detected in human retinal poly A+RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human retinal rbNOS showed more than 99% homology with human brain bNOS and that of riNOS was identical to the chondrocytes inducible iNOS with the exception for one amino acid. These differences in amino acid sequences of rbNOS and riNOS, with their counterparts in human brain and human chondrocytes sequences, were only in the non-cofactor binding sites. Northern blot analysis of the human retinal poly A+RNA and total RNA, using the PCR-amplified riNOS probe revealed the existence of riNOS message with the appearance of the band with the expected size of 4.4kb, while the message for rbNOS was not detectable. This was the first report of the deduced nucleotide sequence identification of two NOS genes from a human tissue, while there had been earlier reports from culture cells.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a zein genomic clone with a short open reading frame

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the zein genomic clone (W22)Z7 and its flanking sequences from the W22 inbred line of maize is reported. The sequence is 1587 bp long and contains 444 bp of 5' noncoding sequence and 342 bp of 3 ' noncoding sequence. The Z7 sequence belongs to a large complex multigene family and is a member of the B49 subfamily. It is 86% homologous to other known sequences from the same subfamily, but contains four in-frame termination codons caused by single base changes. Its flanking regions contain the usual eukaryotic transcriptional signals.
Wave–Current Interaction: A Comparison of Radiation-Stress and Vortex-Force Representations

Abstract The vortex-force representation of the wave-averaged effects on currents is compared to the radiation-stress representation in a scaling regime appropriate to coastal and shelf waters. Three-dimensional and vertically integrated expressions for the conservative current equations are obtained in both representations. The vortex-force representation decomposes the main wave-averaged effects into two physically understandable concepts—a vortex force and a Bernoulli head. The vortex force is shown to be the dominant wave-averaged effect on currents. This effect can occur at higher order than the apparent leading order for the radiation-stress representation. Excluding nonconservative effects such as wave breaking, the lowest-order radiation or interaction stress can be completely characterized in terms of wave setup, forcing of long (infragravity) waves, and an Eulerian current whose divergence cancels that of the primary wave Stokes drift. The leading-order, wave-averaged dynamical effects incorpora...
Conformational states of CFTR associated with channel gating: The role of ATP binding and hydrolysis

CFTR is a member of the traffic ATPase superfamily and a Cl- ion channel that appears to require ATP hydrolysis for gating. Analysis of single CFTR Cl- channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers revealed the presence of two open conductance states that are connected to each other and to the closed state by an asymmetric cycle of gating events. We show here that the transition between the two open conductance states is directly coupled to ATP hydrolysis by one of the consensus nucleotide-binding folds, designated NBF2. Moreover, the transition between the closed state and one of the open states is linked to the binding of ATP. This analysis permits real-time visualization of conformational changes associated with a single cycle of ATP hydrolysis by a single protein molecule and suggests a model describing a role for ATP in CFTR gating.
Performance model for parabolic trough solar thermal power plants with thermal storage: Comparison to operating plant data

Abstract This paper describes a simulation model that reproduces the performance of parabolic trough solar thermal power plants with a thermal storage system. The aim of this model is to facilitate the prediction of the electricity output of these plants during the various stages of their planning, design, construction and operation. Model results for a 50 MW e power plant are presented and compared to real data from an equivalent power plant currently operated by the ACS Industrial Group in Spain.
Individualized correction of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement in hemolyzed serum samples.

Abstract Background Accuracy of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement is paramount, particularly in the context of neurological outcome prognostication. However, NSE measurements are compromised by even slight hemolysis, as it is abundant in red blood cells (RBCs). We derived and validated an individualized hemolysis correction equation in an attempt to reduce the current rejection rate of 14% at our institution. Methods Intracellular NSE was measured in RBC lysates to determine concentration variability. A correction equation was derived, accounting for both RBC-derived NSE false-elevation and hemoglobin-derived signal quenching. The performance of this individualized correction was evaluated in intentionally hemolyzed samples and accuracy was compared to a generalized correction. Results Significant inter-individual variability of RBC NSE was observed, with an almost two-fold range (15.7–28.5 ng NSE/mg Hb, p Conclusions The individualized hemolysis correction provides increased accuracy in the estimation of true serum NSE concentrations for hemolyzed samples, compared to a generalized approach, by accounting for inter-individual RBC NSE variability. Incorporating this correction should reduce sample rejection rates and overall health care costs.
Chemisorption effects on the dynamics of Ge clusters and ultrathin films

Abstract Interference-enhanced, in situ Raman scattering has been used to study clusters and ultrathin films of Ge sputter-deposited on C films in ultrahigh vacuum. Measurements of the two polarization components of the Raman scattering are found to yield amorphous-like spectra that are modified by dangling bonds. Large concentrations of dangling bonds at cluster surfaces result in a reduction of the high-frequency optic phonon peak due to changes in the local dynamics. Chemisorption of H and O on these clusters and ultrathin films saturates these dangling bonds, removing the large size-dependent shift and reducing the relative intensity of low-frequency scattering. These effects are attributed to the rehybridization of the orbitals of back-bonded Ge cluster atoms.
Retinal Vascular Autoregulation in Diabetes Mellitus

The blue field entoptic technique was used to study autoregulation of the macular retinal circulation in response to acute alterations of intraocular pressure in 71 diabetic eyes and 30 normals matched for age, systemic blood pressure, and ophthalmic artery diastolic pressure. IOPmax, the maximal intraocular pressure at which flow is maintained normal by autoregulation, was normal in eyes with no retinopathy (30 +/- 3.2 mm Hg) but decreased with progression of retinopathy, approaching the resting intraocular pressure in eyes with proliferative retinopathy. The hyperemia observed by normals to an acute reduction of intraocular pressure was not observed frequently in the diabetics with no retinopathy. The frequency of observation of the hyperemia decreased with progression of retinopathy and was uniformly absent in eyes with proliferative retinopathy. A group of eyes with minimal microangiopathy was found to have an abnormal IOPmax and no hyperemic response. The prognostic significance of these parameters remains to be established.
Design and Analysis of a Composite Integral Wheel‐Tire

Abstract An integrated design and analysis methodology for a Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Integral Wheel‐Tire (IWT) was developed for applications in different automotive vehicles. The results are presented specifically for composite epoxy structures reinforced with long glass fibers and having a bonded rubber tread. This methodology includes automated design and analysis procedure and allows for closing the loop in the integration of materials, process, and design phases of a product. The results from this methodology were verified by testing real parts. The effect of a design change was predicted automatically in a short turn‐around time. As an example, a study of footprint sensitivity to design parameters is discussed.
Automatic Navigation of a Long Range Rocket Vehicle

The flight of a rocket vehicle in the equatorial plane of a rotating earth is considered with possible disturbances in the atmosphere due to changes in density, in temperature, and in wind speed. These atmospheric disturbances together with possible deviations in weight and in moment of inertia of the vehicle tend to change the flight path away from the normal flight path. The paper gives the condition for the proper cut-off time for the rocket power, and the proper corrections in the elevator angle so that the vehicle will land at the chosen destination in spite of such disturbances. A scheme of tracking and automatic navigation involving a high-speed computer and elevator servo is suggested for this purpose.
Condition factor and whole-body sodium concentrations in a freshwater fish: Evidence for acidification stress and possible ionoregulatory over-compensation

Condition factor, “K”, was measured for 1202 blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) from three streams in Shenandoah National Park (USA) of different acid neutralizing capacities (ANCs). “K” is a ratio of weight standardized to length; it is an indication of the health of the individuals in a population. R. atratulus condition factor in the low-ANC stream was found to be significantly lower (11%) than that of dace measured for fish from the intermediate- and high-ANC streams. This difference, according to the results of related investigations, is likely to be biologically significant. Whole-body sodium concentrations were measured as an additional test of sublethal stress in these streams. During summer base flow conditions, mean whole-body sodium concentrations of adult R. atratulus maintained in cages were found to be highest in the low-ANC stream and lowest in the high-ANC stream. The lower condition factor of dace in the low-ANC stream may be related to whole-body sodium concentration and ion regulation. Ion regulation in the low-ANC stream may be more metabolically costly because of chronic sublethal pH stress. R. atratulus may maintain high body Na+ concentrations in low ANC- and ionic strength waters in order to provide a buffer against large episodic pH depressions. The metabolic cost of this ionoregulatory over-compensation may necessitate the diversion of energy from somatic growth and explain the poorer condition of fish from such waters.
Intergeneric conjugal gene transfer from Escherichia coli to the sweet potato pathogen Streptomyces ipomoeae

Aims: To develop an effective gene transfer system for Streptomyces ipomoeae, the causative agent of soil rot disease of sweet potatoes. Methods and Results: Of the several methods investigated, introduction of genes into S. ipomoeae could only be achieved using intergeneric conjugation from Escherichia coli. However, even results for that method varied greatly and were dependent on using particular media for S. ipomoeae spore preparation and conjugation. Transconjugant to recipient ratios as great as 4·1 × 10−5 were achieved when International Streptomyces Project Medium 4 was used for both sporulation and conjugation protocols. Both site-specifically integrating and autonomously replicating plasmids could be introduced and maintained in S. ipomoeae, and plasmids could be introduced with approximate equivalent frequencies from either methyl-proficient or methyl- deficient E. coli donors; the latter result indicates a likely absence of relevant methyl-specific restriction in S. ipomoeae. Conclusions: Efficient transfer of genes into S. ipomoeae was achieved here by using an optimized intergeneric mating procedure. Significance and Impact of the Study: The described protocol will facilitate further genetic manipulation of this agriculturally important pathogen.