cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial operation of an X-band magnicon amplifier experiment

We present a progress report on a program to develop a high-power second harmonic magnicon amplifier at 11.4 GHz for linear accelerator applications. The experiments are being carried out on the NRL Long-Pulse Accelerator Facility using a plasma cathode to create the electron beam. Typical beam parameters are 500-700 kV, 170-250 A, 5.5 mm diameter, with a /spl sim/300 nsec voltage flattop. The accelerator operates single pulse with a /spl sim/10/sup -2/ Hz repetition rate. A complete five cavity magnicon circuit was designed via computer simulation, fabricated, and cold tested. In early tests, a low power saturation effect was observed in the deflection cavities, apparently due to plasma formation caused by the diode X-ray flux and by inadequate vacuum conditions. Following a major effort to improve the vacuum and surface conditions, recent experiments have shown that it is possible to "burn through" this low power saturation effect, and achieve high fields in the 5.56 GHz penultimate cavity when the drive cavity is excited by a 10 kW input signal. Synchronous with the penultimate cavity signal, a 100-200 nsec multi-MW frequency-doubled output pulse is observed at 11.12 GHz.
Effects of Leachate Accumulation During Hydration in a Thermalscrew Blancher on the Water Absorption and Cooked Texture of Navy Beans

Blanch water obtained from a commercial canner was evaluated for leachates that accumulated in a thermalscrew blancher during the rehydration of dried navy beans. These leachates were found to consist of acids, nitrogenous compounds, carbohydrates, and ash. factorial design experiment and a central composite design experiment were conducted to isolate and quantitate the effects of these factors on the water absorption and final texture of navy beans that have been rehydrated in a thermoscrew blancher. Factors of major importance in the soaking water were found to be viscosity, divalent ion concentration, and temperature. Both water absorption and texture of cooked beans responded linearly to these factors.
Progressive optimality in hierarchical filter banks

The concept of progressive optimization is proposed for the design of hierarchical subband transforms. The time and frequency properties of the product filters in subband trees are discussed and evaluated. It is shown that the performance improvements in image coding are possible by using different PR-QMF banks at different nodes of a subband tree. >
Just say no to psychotropic drugs

Prescribing drugs for mental disorders by psychologists means accepting an invalid model--the brain disease, biological-defect explanation of psychopathology--that is advanced by political conservatives and accepted by some naive, well-intentioned, but misinformed moderates who have not thought critically about the issue. Conservative psychiatry serves the ruling class by rejecting or ignoring the fact that most mental disorders are learned in the context of social and economic injustice, and familiar dysfunction. If we accept the fallacy of brain disease and genetic defect as the major causes of mental disorder and succeed in getting prescription privileges we will have sold our soul to the devil!
Cooperative Object Tracking and Event Detection with Wireless Smart Cameras

Wireless embedded smart cameras not only capture images, but also can perform processing and communication. However,many system- and algorithm-wise challenges remain to be addressed to have operational, battery-powered wireless smart-camera networks, since they have limited processing power, memory, energy and bandwidth. In this paper, we present a wireless, embedded smart camera system for cooperative object tracking and event detection, wherein each camera platform consists of a camera board and a wireless mote. Light-weight background subtraction and tracking algorithms are implemented and run on the camera boards. Cameras communicate in a peer-to-peer manner over wireless links to exchange data, and thus to consistently track objects. In a wireless smart camera system, transferring large amounts of data between cameras should be avoided, since it requires more power, and incurs more communication delay. In the presented system, cameras exchange small-size packets for communication. Also, with wireless smart cameras, it is not viable to transfer all the captured frames to a base station due to limited resources. Instead, we define events of interest beforehand, and embedded smart cameras save only those portions of the live video capture where the defined event scenario occurs. We present results of tracking and detecting objects entering a region of interest, all of which are performed on the microprocessor of camera boards. We also show examples of consistently tracking objects, moving across different camera views, by wireless data exchange.
Response Surface Methodology Approach to the Optimization of Boneless Ham Yield

Three ham processing variables (tumbling, tenderization, and temperature) were optimized for cooked yield of both pre- and post-rigor ham muscle (semimembranous). Through response surface methodology (RSM), it was determined that the optimum tenderization (80-100% of knife blade capacity) and processing temperature (14-16°C) conditions were approximately the same for both pre- and post-rigor muscle. However, the optimum level of continuous vacuum tumbling (total revolutions) was much lower for pre-rigor muscle (750 rev) than post-rigor muscle (3500-4000 rev).
Hydrogen peroxide production by rat brain in vivo.

: H2 O2 production by rat brain in vivo was observed with a method based on the measurement of brain catalase. The administration to the rat of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole, an H2 O2- dependent inhibitor of catalase, caused progressive inhibition of brain catalase activity in both the supernatant and pellet fractions of homogenates of the striatum and prefrontal cortex. The prevention of catalase inhibition by prior administration of ethanol confirmed that catalase inhibition in vivo was dependent upon H2 O2. A significant portion of the catalase (30-33%) appeared in the supernatant fraction from a slow-speed homogenization procedure and was not significantly contaminated by either erythrocytes or capillaries. In the whole homogenate, less than 6% of the catalase activity was attributed to erythrocytes. Modification of intracellular monoamine oxidase activity by either pargyline or reserpine did not change the rate of inhibition of catalase by aminotriazole. A probable interpretation of these data is that H2 O2 generated by mitochondrial monoamine oxidase does not reach the catalase compartment; the catalase is contained in particles described by other investigators as the microperoxisomes of brain. In studies in vitro, the production of H2 O2 by rat brain mitochondria with either dopamine or serotonin as substrate was confirmed.
Reconsidering the Bayh-Dole Act and the Current University Invention Ownership Model

Abstract The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 provided U.S. universities with the right to commercialize employees’ inventions made while engaged in government-funded research. This paper argues that the current university invention ownership model, in which universities maintain de jure ownership of inventions, is not optimal either in terms of economic efficiency or for advancing the social interest of rapidly commercializing technology and encouraging entrepreneurship. We argue that this model is plagued by ineffective incentives, information asymmetries, and contradictory motivations for the university, the inventors, potential licensees, and university technology licensing offices (TLOs). These structural uncertainties can lead to delays in licensing, misaligned incentives among parties, and obstacles to the flow of scientific information and the materials necessary for scientific progress. The institutional arrangements within which TLOs are embedded have encouraged some of them to become revenue maximizers, rather than facilitators of technology dissemination for the good of the entire society. We suggest two alternative invention commercialization models as superior alternatives. The first alternative is to vest ownership with the inventor, who could choose the commercialization path for the invention. For this privilege the inventor would provide the university an ownership stake in any returns to the invention. The inventor would be free to contract with the university TLO or any other entity that might assist in commercialization. The second alternative is to make all inventions immediately publicly available through a public domain strategy or, through a requirement that all inventions be licensed non-exclusively. Both alternatives would address the current dysfunctional arrangements in university technology commercialization.
The Law of Global Space: Rethinking the Legalization of World Politics

This paper seeks to broaden received notions of the role of law in world politics. While conventional approaches to legalization conceive of law as regulation and stress compliance with preexisting rules, the paper asserts that especially in the complex arena of transnational governance dubbed “global space,” law often operates very differently. In many cases law-like processes operate more as a framework for collective problem solving in situations of complexity and uncertainty where multiple actors are involved and multiple levels must be coordinated than as a set of fixed rules. Such a normative order looks very different than the conventional model: it may form norms through bottom up participatory processes not by top-down legislation; rely primarily on open-ended rather than precise legal rules; and deploy flexible and revisable standards. Although such features are present in domestic law, they may be more important in global space. Drawing from the “new governance” literature, the paper develops an alternative framework that embraces the full range of law-like processes, paying particular attention to how the communicative, facilitative, and coercive aspects of the law may interact in global space. It conducts a preliminary empirical analysis of the expanded vision of law in global space in three cases – the WTO council and committee system, the EU’s Water Framework Directive, and the Tuna-Dolphin case. While these cases all involve some of the more legalized areas in international affairs, we show that each relies heavily on new governance-type mechanisms to operate.
Explaining Dissent on the Supreme Court of Canada

Abstract. While there is an extensive literature on the causes of dissensus on appellate courts in the US, few empirical studies exist of the causes of dissent in Canadian Supreme Court. The current study seeks to close that gap in the literature, proposing and then testing what we call a Canadian model of dissent. We find that the likelihood of dissent is strongly related to four broad factors that appear to exert independent influence on whether the Court is consensual or divided: political conflict, institutional structure, legal ambiguity in the law and variations in the leadership style of the chief justice.Resume. Les causes de dissension dans les cours d'appel aux Etats-Unis font l'objet de nombreux articles et publications, mais il existe tres peu d'etudes empiriques sur les causes de dissidence a la Cour supreme du Canada. La presente etude vise a combler cette lacune en proposant, un modele canadien de dissension, puis en le mettant a l'epreuve. Nous avons constate que le risque de dissension est fortement lie a quatre facteurs generaux qui semblent exercer une influence independante, que la Cour soit en accord ou divisee. Ces facteurs sont le conflit politique, la structure institutionnelle, la presence d'une ambiguite juridique dans la loi et le style de direction du juge en chef.
First fungal aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase from a paclitaxel-producing Penicillium raistrickii

This is the first description of a fungal ar- omatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. It was isolated from a paclitaxel producing Penicillium raistrickii iso- late H10BA2, isolated from Taxus brevifolia phloem. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity as dem- onstrated by the presence of one protein band (125 000 ? 3000 Da) in a silver stained SDS-PAGE gel, and yielded a monomer under reducing conditions. Op- timum pH for catalysis by this enzyme was pH 5.0 to 5.6 at 36 C. The enzyme had a broad substrate spec- ificity utilizing L-tryptophan (Km = 49 pJM), L-tyro- sine (Km = 1064 FJM), and L-phenylalanine (Km = 99 JM), as well as o-fluorophenylalanine, and p-fluo- rophenylalanine. Enzyme activity was not detected with either D-phenylalanine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan or L-histidine as substrate. The protein had a pI of 6.2-6.4, as determined by enzyme activity in this pH range in an isoelectric focusing gel. This fungal aro- matic amino acid decarboxylase was not inhibited by the suicide inhibitors L-o-fluoromethyltyrosine and L-a-fluoromethyl (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine. This enzyme activity was not detectable in R raistrickii ATCC #46878, isolated from Eucalyptus sp. leaves. This enzyme was compared to previously described aromatic amino acid decarboxylases, and its possible function in secondary metabolism is discussed.
Superconductivity: A Brief Guide to the Research and Literature

This article helps the reader gain an understading of superconductivity. It presents a brief history, identifies principal researchers and their institutions, discusses its importance in the world marketplace, and provides a list of resources for obtaining further information. A glossary of terms is also included.
ED-24GANGLIOGLIOMAS IN CHILDREN- THE MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER EXPERIENCE

BACKGROUND: Ganglioglioma (GG) are rare mixed glial-neuronal neoplasms of the central nervous system. METHODS: Retrospective review of 57 patients below 21 years diagnosed with GG at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston from 1992 to 2012 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical history, radiological features and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis were used to assess disease progression free survival (PFS) and symptom free survival (SFS) time after surgery. RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 6.08 years with mean age at presentation as 10.89 years. 3 patients had tumor recurrence after gross total resection (GTR) and 16 patients had sub-total resection (STR). Patients with GTR had a longer PFS time compared to patients with STR (5-year PFS 89% vs. 13%; p < 0.0001). Tumor type (cystic versus mixed cystic/solid) and location (supra-tentorial vs. infra-tentorial) of tumors correlated significantly with prolonged PFS (p = 0.014, p < 0.0001). Children 14 years or older were noted to have longer PFS than younger ages (p = 0.0053). Both PFS and SFS worsened with the adjuvant therapy use (p = <0.0001, p = 0.0027). 2 of the 4 patients had malignant transformation following radiation therapy. One patient was diagnosed with grade IV anaplastic GG and 4 patients died due to progressive tumor. Based on multivariate analyses, PFS and SFS correlated significantly with the surgery type (GTR vs. STR; HR = 0.185, p = 0.0262) and adjuvant therapy (Yes vs. No; HR = 0.222, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: We present one of the largest retrospective reviews of pediatric gangliogliomas. High incidence of malignant transformation (15.38%) following radiation was noted in STR tumors. Extent of surgery, adjuvant treatment, location and radiological feature of the tumor correlated significantly with PFS, whereas age and adjuvant treatment with SFS. Larger prospective studies are warranted to better understand the molecular signature including targetable mutations of this rare tumor, and evaluate the need and define an optimal adjuvant therapy.
Foreword to Thurgood Marshall School of Law Journal of Gender, Race & Justice, Vol. 6

This is the Foreword to: 6 Thurgood Marshall School of Law Journal of Gender, Race & Justice 1 (2016).
The Influence of C. Wright Mills on Students for a Democratic Society: An Interview with Bob Ross

Les AA. evaluent l'influence de Mills sur une mouvance de la nouvelle gauche americaine des annees soixante : les Etudiants pour une societe democratique (SDS). Ils mettent en evidence l'importance de Mills sur des notions-cles comme la democratie participative, l'organisation des communautes de base, et le socialisme americain. Ils soulignent egalement les points sur lesquels Mills fut moins bien inspire, comme, par exemple, sa metaphysique anti-travail.
Collaboration and the practice of nurse-midwifery

In the United States there are growing examples of physician and certified nurse-midwife collaborations capitalizing on the strengths of both disciplines working in the best interest of the patient and her family. The philosophy and practice of certified nurse-midwives (CNMs), however, are not embraced universally by all physicians, and childbirth continues to be treated and reimbursed as a disease process. As Americans seek to establish a partnership with those providing their care, they will naturally embrace advanced practice nurses and reach a mutually beneficial health outcome.
Milton’s Fallen Angels

Palmerston’s achievement was the actual dominance of foreign affairs, the apparent paucity of domestic issues, and the prominence of the personality of the premier in parliamentary rhetoric and debate during 1855 and 1856. Palmerston successfully donned ‘Chatham’s mantle’. This created the imperative need, among hostile sections of political opinion, for a policy of opposition distinct from mere anti-Palmerstonianism; an opposition policy to shift the political focus away from the person of the premier. This in turn, pointed to that which opposition groups perceived to be their distinctive concern.
Megaman: scalable manifold learning in python

Manifold Learning (ML) is a class of algorithms seeking a low-dimensional non-linear representation of high-dimensional data. Thus, ML algorithms are most applicable to high-dimensional data and require large sample sizes to accurately estimate the manifold. Despite this, most existing manifold learning implementations are not particularly scalable. Here we present a Python package that implements a variety of manifold learning algorithms in a modular and scalable fashion, using fast approximate neighbors searches and fast sparse eigendecompositions. The package incorporates theoretical advances in manifold learning, such as the unbiased Laplacian estimator introduced by Coifman and Lafon (2006) and the estimation of the embedding distortion by the Riemannian metric method introduced by Perrault-Joncas and Meila (2013). In benchmarks, even on a single-core desktop computer, our code embeds millions of data points in minutes, and takes just 200 minutes to embed the main sample of galaxy spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-- consisting of 0.6 million samples in 3750-dimensions--a task which has not previously been possible.
Non-stationary filtering technique for improved cone beam SPECT

A truly 3-D reconstruction formulation is derived for the single-orbit cone beam SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) based on the 3-D Fourier slice theorem. In the formulation, a nonstationary filter is derived which depends on the distance from the central plane of the cone beam. This filter is applied to the 2-D projection data in directions along and normal to the axis of rotation. The nonstationary filtering technique was evaluated using both computer simulation and phantom measurements. Significant improvement in image quality was demonstrated in terms of decreased artifacts along the axis of rotation at the cost of a fivefold increase in processing time. The quality of the reconstructed image from the 3-D algorithm is superior to that from the Feldkamp algorithm, especially near the ends of the image along the axis of rotation. >
The Lymph Node Niche.

Abstract SCI-51 Lymph nodes provide specialized stromal environments that support the maintenance and homeostasis of T and B lymphocyte populations and are also staging grounds for lymphocyte effector responses against pathogens and transformed cells. They serve as immune information hotspots by collecting lymph fluid from peripheral tissues, especially our external and internal epithelial body surfaces, thus displaying a condensed representation of foreign and self-antigens at these sites in addition to integrating innate alarm signals that report tissue damage or pathogen invasion. Naive B and T cells constantly traffic through these environments via the blood stream and efferent lymphatic vessels, which allows for efficient matching of their antigen receptor repertoires with the regional antigenic landscape. Depending on the absence or presence of signs of a potential threat to the organism, the result may be either tolerance or immunity towards the origin of these antigens. The architecture of lymph nodes is optimized to facilitate the presentation of lymph-borne antigen in various forms and to guide naive lymphocytes in their search for 9their9 cognate antigen in the form in which they are able to 9see9 it. It also facilitates the cellular crosstalk with other immune cell populations that shape and regulate an ensuing adaptive response if cognate antigen is encountered in an immunogenic context. Our conception of how these various tasks are accomplished has recently been enriched through new methodological approaches that include the dynamic in situ or in vivo visualization of cellular and molecular processes using modern microscopy technology. We will review some recent insights into the function of lymph nodes derived from these studies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Periodontal profile classes predict periodontal disease progression and tooth loss

Background Current periodontal disease taxonomies have limited utility for predicting disease progression and tooth loss; in fact, tooth loss itself can undermine precise person-level periodontal disease classifications. To overcome this limitation, the current group recently introduced a novel patient stratification system using latent class analyses of clinical parameters, including patterns of missing teeth. This investigation sought to determine the clinical utility of the Periodontal Profile Classes and Tooth Profile Classes (PPC/TPC) taxonomy for risk assessment, specifically for predicting periodontal disease progression and incident tooth loss. Methods The analytic sample comprised 4,682 adult participants of two prospective cohort studies (Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and Piedmont Dental Study) with information on periodontal disease progression and incident tooth loss. The PPC/TPC taxonomy includes seven distinct PPCs (person-level disease pattern and severity) and seven TPCs (tooth-level disease). Logistic regression modeling was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of these latent classes with disease progression and incident tooth loss, adjusting for examination center, race, sex, age, diabetes, and smoking. To obtain personalized outcome propensities, risk estimates associated with each participant's PPC and TPC were combined into person-level composite risk scores (Index of Periodontal Risk [IPR]). Results Individuals in two PPCs (PPC-G: Severe Disease and PPC-D: Tooth Loss) had the highest tooth loss risk (RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 2.6 to 5.0 and RR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.9 to 5.1, respectively). PPC-G also had the highest risk for periodontitis progression (RR = 5.7; 95% CI = 2.2 to 14.7). Personalized IPR scores were positively associated with both periodontitis progression and tooth loss. Conclusions These findings, upon additional validation, suggest that the periodontal/tooth profile classes and the derived personalized propensity scores provide clinical periodontal definitions that reflect disease patterns in the population and offer a useful system for patient stratification that is predictive for disease progression and tooth loss.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion and gains in health insurance coverage and access among cancer survivors

Background The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act extends Medicaid coverage to millions of low-income adults, including many survivors of cancer who were unable to purchase affordable health insurance coverage in the individual health insurance market. Methods Using data from the 2011 to 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the authors compared changes in coverage and health care access measures for low-income cancer survivors in states that did and did not expand Medicaid. Results The study population of 17,381 individuals included adults aged 18 to 64 years, and was predominantly female, white, and unmarried. The authors found a relative reduction in the uninsured rate of 11.7 percentage points and a relative increase in the probability of having a personal physician of 5.8 percentage points. Stratifying by whether states expanded Medicaid by 2015, the authors found that relative gains in coverage and access were larger among those individuals residing in states with expanded Medicaid compared with those residing in nonexpansion states. Conclusions The results of the current study suggest that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion has improved coverage and access for cancer survivors. Cancer 2018;124:2645-52. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
The Possible Role of Glutathione on the Hepatotoxic Effect of Papaverine Hydrochloride in Vitro

Papaverine hydrochloride (papaver) is an isoquinoline alkaloid widely used as a smooth muscle relaxant agent. It is metabolized mainly in the liver by the P-450 system (O-demethylation) to yield several phenolic metabolites (4’-,6-, 7-, 3’-, and 4’,6- demethylated phenols) (Belpaire et al., 1975). Papaver induces hepatotoxicity by an idiosyncratic immune effect (Kiaer et al., 1974) or a direct metabolite-related hepatocellular toxic effect (Acosta et al., 1980; Davila et al., 1989). At the present time, however, there is no direct evidence which suggests that toxic metabolites derived from papaver are responsible for liver cell injury. We had demonstrated previously that a time lag of 6 hr was necessary before papaver injured cultured hepatocytes and that the papaver-phenolic metabolites were considerably less toxic than the parent compound. They were ranked in toxicity as follows: papaver>60H>4’0H>3’OH (Acosta et al., 1980; Davila et al., 1989). According to these results, it seems that the metabolite(s) is (are) not the major cause of liver injury. It is interesting to note, however, that certain principal metabolites of papaver are nearly as toxic as the parent compound, while others clearly represent detoxification pathways; therefore, we can not rule out the possibility that papaver-derived intermediate metabolite(s) is (are) involved in the toxic insult. Some mechanistic alternatives are suggested: 1) papaver itself may be directly responsible for cellular toxicity or be metabolized to toxic products by a pathway not involving O-dealkylation; 2) phenol formation (e.g. at 4’-position) may require an additional O-dealkylation or aromatic hydroxylation to yield a catechol which may undergo oxidation to a reactive ortho-quinone; 3) quinone-methides may be formed following O-dealkylation (Figure 1); and 4) the time lag of 6 hr may represent the time required for bioconversion and accumulation of sufficient quantities of toxic metabolites and/or saturate and deplete intracellular glutathione stores.
Intercomparison of nonperturbing techniques for inferring the reactivity of fast reactors

Numerical experiments were performed to evaluate the applicability of nonperturbing techniques for inferring the reactivity of fast reactors. Almost all such techniques contain the tacit assumption that the flux throughout the system is described by the fudamental mode and that higher modal contamination is negligible. Results were obtained for four reactive states of a typical 1000- liter-core Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (critical, the point-model assumption with first-order corrections. 16 references. (auth)
First Principles of the Metaphysics of Life Charting the Human Condition Man’s Creative Act and the Origin of Rationalities

Postulates for “Every Future Metaphysics”. The issue which we will treat concerns the urgency to investigate the nature and origin of the multiple rationalities with which the enormous growth of human knowledge about nature, the world, and man confronts us today. To approach it, the basic mode of access to such a query is of primary importance. It means no more and no less than finding the key to unlock the door which would open the realm of metaphysics. Indeed, my master, Roman Ingarden, in his less than successful attempt of discovery sought the “specific type of knowledge” that would reveal the key to metaphysics understood by him as the direct investigation of reality and of real existence. Does Ingarden’s failure to find such a type of cognition mean that for phenomenology with its radical criticism of philosophical procedures there is no access to the first principles? Seeing the unsuccessful attempts of Husserl himself and Heidegger, as well as Merleau-Ponty after them, to bring together the eidos with the concrete fact would confirm such a doubt. However, these great thinkers do not seem to have delved deeply enough into the genesis of the constitution of objectivity; this objectivity meant for them the essential “givenness.” In contrast, I propose its inner workings as the locus whence eidos and fact simultaneously spring. This amounts to saying that not constitutive intentionality but the constructive advance of life which carries it may alone reveal to us the first principles of all things; not the givenness of the world but the “poetics of life.”
Lowenfeld in a Viennese Perspective: Formative Influences for the American Art Educator.

By the time Lowenfeld reached the United States in 1938 he had spent half his lifetime in Vienna. This study examines Lowenfeld's Viennese experiences and analyzes the relationship of those experiences to his views and practices as an art educator in America. Particular stress is placed on the idiosyncratic quality of Viennese experience compared to experiences in American art and art education prior to Lowenfeld's rise to prominence in 1947 with the publication of Creative and Mental Growth. The study includes questions about the appropriateness of ideas developed from Austrian social and educational experiences and from Viennese aesthetic notions in the context of art education for Americans.
COLLABORATIVE TESTING IN STATISTICS: GROUP INTERACTION, ANXIETY, AND CLASS PERFORMANCE

Seventy-one students in two community college Statistics for the Social Sciences classes took six exams either individually or collaboratively. Assignment to test condition was randomly determined for each exam. Scores on collaboratively-taken exams were significantly higher than those for individually-taken exams, particularly for students with low GPAs and high test anxiety. Women’s, but not men’s, performances on the mid-term and final exams was related to the quality and quantity of their collaborative interactions. Thus, examining both quantity and quality of collaboration adds to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of collaborative testing. First published November 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Errors in Administrative Education Data: A Cautionary Tale:

Longitudinal administrative data generated by public education systems in the United States have become increasingly available and have tremendous potential to inform policy research. While it is t...
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of total hip replacement with a 3-part metaphyseal osseointegrated titanium alloy stem enhanced with low plasticity burnishing: a mean 5-year follow-up study.

Abstract Background This study evaluates midterm results of a 3-part titanium alloy stem with metaphyseal fixation and a neck-metaphyseal taper junction strengthened with low plasticity burnishing (LPB). Our hypothesis is that this multimodular implant with LPB succeeds in offering the advantages of three-part modularity without junctional failure. Methods Twenty-eight of 32 complex primary (n = 9) and revision (n = 9) total hip arthroplasties were accounted for with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic data were reviewed at a mean follow-up period of 60 months. One stem, removed for failure to osseointegrate, was submitted for sectioning and taper examination. Results There were no modular junction failures despite body mass indices of 20 to 40 and offsets of 34 to 47 mms. Implant survival was 96.3%, with one removal due to aseptic loosening in a patient with chronic renal failure. Taper analyses of the removed implant showed minimal damage. Preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Scores and Oxford Hip Scores were 20 to 86 and 16 to 41, respectively. Patient satisfaction was 9.7/10. Radiographs showed stem subsidence >2 mm and radiolucencies around the metaphyseal cone only in the hip requiring implant removal. Conclusions This 3-part titanium alloy modular stem with LPB of the neck-metaphyseal taper junction showed good functional and radiographic results at a mean 5 years without junctional failures. Although this follow-up exceeds previously published reports, longer follow-up will be important to confirm our confidence in the additional strengthening provided by LPB.
Liquid Heat Capacity Measurements of the Linear Dicarboxylic Acid Family via Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry

This paper reports liquid heat capacity data on members of the linear saturated dicarboxylic acid family and one dicarboxylic acid derivative measured using modulated differential scanning calorime...
The uneven geography of asylum and humanitarian relief: place-based precarity for Central American migrant youth in the United States judicial system

The rising number of unaccompanied migrant children (UMC) crossing the U.S.-Mexico border received intense media attention during 2014 and remains significant. Unaccompanied minors seeking relief t...
Metabolic and functional impairment of CD8+ T cells from the lungs of influenza-infected obese mice

Background: Obesity increases influenza disease risk in millions of adults worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effect of diet-induced obesity on pulmonary CD8+ T cell metabolism and function as a mechanism of impairment. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either control (10% kcal/g) or high-fat (60% kcal/g) diet. Sub-lethal A/PR/8/34 influenza virus infection generated a robust pulmonary immune response. T cell metabolism and function were assessed at day 10 and day 24 post infection. Results: At day 10 post infection, CD8+ T cells from obese mice had impaired oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, greater fatty acid uptake, and decreased effector populations and cytokine production. At infection resolution, obese mice had lower numbers of naive and central memory CD8+ T cell populations in the lungs. Conclusion: Diet-induced obesity increases influenza virus pathogenesis through CD8+ T cell mediated metabolic reprogramming resulting in suppressed effector CD8+ T cell function.
Latina immigrant mothers as educators: a testimonio of becoming

This article presents the experiences of Latina immigrant women who have raised or are raising children in the United States. As part of a minoritized group, Latina immigrant women have personal li...
Prospective associations, longitudinal patterns of childhood socioeconomic status, and white matter organization in adulthood

The association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development is an emerging area of research. The primary focus to date has been on SES and variations in gray matter structure with much less known about the relation between childhood SES and white matter structure. Using a longitudinal study of SES, with measures of income-to-needs ratio (INR) at age 9, 13, 17, and 24, we examined the prospective relationship between childhood SES (age 9 INR) and white matter organization in adulthood using diffusion tensor imaging. We also examined how changes in INR from childhood through young adulthood are associated with white matter organization in adult using a latent growth mixture model. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) we found that there is a significant prospective positive association between childhood INR and white matter organization in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, bilateral cingulum bundle, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corpus callosum (p < .05, FWE corrected). The probability that an individual was in the high-increasing INR profile across development compared with the low-increasing INR profile was positively associated with white matter organization in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, left cingulum, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. The results of the current study have potential implications for interventions given that early childhood poverty may have long-lasting associations with white matter structure. Furthermore, trajectories of socioeconomic status during childhood are important-with individuals that belong to the latent profile that had high increases in INR having greater regional white matter organization in adulthood.
Planning for End-User Substitution in Agribusiness

Saurabh Bansal and James S. Dyer study a common problem in the commercial agribusiness market, where farmers have a preference for a farm input such as a seed based on a fit with their geographical...
Hubbard ladders at small $U$ revisited

We re-examine the zero-temperature phase diagram of the two-leg Hubbard ladder in the small $U$ limit, both analytically and using density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG). We find a ubiquitous Luther-Emery phase, but with a crossover in behavior at a characteristic interaction strength, ${U}^{★}$; for $U\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{U}^{★}$, there is a single emergent correlation length $ln[\ensuremath{\xi}]\ensuremath{\sim}1/U$, characterizing the gapped modes of the system, but for $U\ensuremath{\lesssim}{U}^{★}$, there is a hierarchy of length scales, differing parametrically in powers of $U$, reflecting a two-step renormalization group flow to the ultimate fixed point. Finally, to illustrate the versatility of the approach developed here, we sketch its implications for a half-filled triangular lattice Hubbard model on a cylinder and find results in conflict with inferences concerning the small $U$ phase from recent DMRG studies of the same problem.
JOSÉ MARÍA SAMPER ENTRE COLOMBIA Y EUROPA: LA ECONOMÍA DE LO SUBLIME EN LA LITERATURA DE VIAJES

Este ensayo analiza los textos que Jose Maria Samper publica antes y durante su primer viaje a Europa, entre 1855 y 1862. Propongo leer el corpus textual de sus viajes como un inventario de sensaci...
Complications Associated with Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections

Low back pain with radicular symptoms is a common cause of disability in the adult population in the USA. Lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is one of the most frequently used intervention for lumbar radiculitis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate complications associated with lumbar TFESI. Based on the literature review, the reported rate of minor complications was between 2.4 and 9.6%. The major complications including spinal abscess, spinal cord infarct, and epidural hematoma were documented as case reports. Some patients with spinal cord infarct had permanent neurologic deficits, while the other patients had recovery of neurological function after surgical or medical intervention. This review identifies both the minor and major complications related to lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections. According to this review, most complications are minor. Lumbar TFESI can be considered a safe treatment in the management of lumbar radicular pain. However, pain specialists should be aware of the potentially devastating major complications. Early recognition and treatment of complications are crucial for improving the outcome.
Multiscale and Tissue Realistic Translational Modeling of Gut Inflammation

Gut inflammation plays a crucial role in a host of disease processes, most notably in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gut derived sepsis. The gut is also the primary interface between an individual’s microbiome and the host, where appropriate equipoise of mucosal inflammatory potential is a critical goal. The architecture and histological structure of the gut mucosa remains a primary means of diagnosing different gastrointestinal diseases, and as such, computational representations with a translational goal should be able to replicate, at least to some degree, the alterations of gut mucosal architecture resulting from different pathophysiological processes. Given that gut inflammation forms the common pathway by which a host of different disease processes can manifest, we propose that a translationally useful computational representation of gut inflammation should be able to generate these different disease processes through different perturbations on a common, underlying model (as is the case in the real world). To that end we have developed the Spatially Explicit General-purpose Model of Enteric Tissue (SEGMEnT) as a common, unifying platform with which to examine how different perturbations and disorders can lead to a range of recognized pathophysiologic phenotypes. We have additionally expanded SEGMEnT to a high-performance computing (HPC) version that gives the capability to simulate billions of cells and achieve anatomic-scale representation.
Low Power Implementation of ECG R-wave Peak Detector in 180 nm CMOS Process

With the widespread use of sensor technology, monitoring heart conditions is feasible and widely accessible. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals contain rich information concerning several heart diseases including sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs). Continuous monitoring of heartbeat using wearable devices can help detect heart irregularities. While current wearable devices transmit raw ECG signals for processing, this paper proposes a novel on-chip ECG feature extraction system implemented on standard 180 nm CMOS technology using the Cadence Virtuoso tool. The proposed design detects all peaks with a high degree of sensitivity compared to earlier systems. Future enhancements of the design will include the determination of the R to R interval. The total power consumption for the design is just 0.379 nW, which is much lower in comparison to other implementations. This design has been verified on ECG data acquired from live subjects in a lab environment. In addition, the design is also verified on Physionet, an archive of well-characterized ECG databases collected from healthy subjects while exercising. Two datasets are tested into this design to check for peak detection and heart rate abnormality.
Regulation of Erythritol Metabolism, a Biomarker of Cardiometabolic Disease

Objectives Serum erythritol is a predictive biomarker of chronic disease development and complications. In cohort studies, elevated serum erythritol at baseline was predictive of central adiposity gain, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease development up to 20 years later. Erythritol is a polyol that has been well characterized as a non-nutritive sweetener. Erythritol was recently discovered to be synthesized endogenously in humans from glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The regulation of erythritol synthesis in mammals, however, is not characterized. The purpose of this study was to assess stimuli that modulate intracellular erythritol levels and the distribution of erythritol in key metabolic tissues.
'Brother, Can You Spare a Million Dollars?': Resurrecting the Justice Department’s 'Slush Fund'

Attorney General Jeff Sessions put an end to the controversial Bush- and Obama-era practice of allowing corporations to settle claims brought against them by the federal government in exchange for making substantial “donations” to the administration’s favored non-profits or allocating money to pursue that administration’s favored policy goals. Unfortunately, the Biden Administration has suggested that it will revive this practice, which violates both the Constitution and several acts of Congress. It should not. In fact, doing so would be criminal. The Article I Appropriations Clause prohibits any Executive Branch official from disbursing funds except as provided by an act of Congress, and no statute authorizes this giveaway of the public’s money. In fact, the Miscellaneous Receipts Act directs federal officers and employees to pay into the treasury any money they receive in the course of their official duties. Finally, the practice would also violate a statute known as the McDade Amendment, which subjects Justice Department law-yers to the same ethical standards governing the conduct of other lawyers in the state in which an attorney is licensed. No private lawyer may ethically give away a client’s money without the latter’s express permission, so Justice Department lawyers also may not do so.
Markovian Networks of Queues

Networks of queues with priorities among job classes arise frequently as models for a wide variety of congestion phenomena. Simulation is usually the only available means for studying such networks. The underlying stochastic process of the simulation is defined in terms of a linear “job stack,” an enumeration by service center and job class of all the jobs.
New insights into the expression and functions of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus long noncoding PAN RNA

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a clinically relevant pathogen associated with several human diseases that primarily affect immunocompromised individuals. KSHV encodes a noncoding polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA that is essential for viral propagation and viral gene expression. PAN RNA is the most abundant viral transcript produced during lytic replication. The accumulation of PAN RNA depends on high levels of transcription driven by the Rta protein, a KSHV transcription factor necessary and sufficient for latent-to-lytic phase transition. In addition, KSHV uses several posttranscriptional mechanisms to stabilize PAN RNA. A cis-acting element, called the ENE, prevents PAN RNA decay by forming a triple helix with its poly(A) tail. The viral ORF57 and the cellular PABPC1 proteins further contribute to PAN RNA stability during lytic phase. PAN RNA functions are only beginning to be uncovered, but PAN RNA has been proposed to control gene expression by several different mechanisms. PAN RNA associates with the KSHV genome and may regulate gene expression by recruiting chromatin-modifying factors. Moreover, PAN RNA binds the viral latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) protein and decreases its repressive activity by sequestering it from the viral genome. Surprisingly, PAN RNA was found to associate with translating ribosomes, so this noncoding RNA may be additionally used to produce viral peptides. In this review, I highlight the mechanisms of PAN RNA accumulation and describe recent insights into potential functions of PAN RNA.
Plastic responses to parents and predators lead to divergent shoaling behaviour in sticklebacks

Population divergence in antipredator defence and behaviour occurs rapidly and repeatedly. Genetic differences, phenotypic plasticity or parental effects may all contribute to divergence, but the relative importance of each of these mechanisms remains unknown. We exposed juveniles to parents and predators to measure how induced changes contribute to shoaling behaviour differences between two threespine stickleback species (benthics and limnetics: Gasterosteus spp). We found that limnetics increased shoaling in response to predator attacks, whereas benthics did not alter their behaviour. Care by limnetic fathers led to increased shoaling in both limnetic and benthic offspring. Shoaling helps limnetics avoid trout and avian predation; our results suggest that this adaptive behaviour is the result of a combination of paternal effects, predator-induced plasticity and genetic differences between species. These results suggest that plasticity substantially contributes to the rapid divergence in shoaling behaviour across the post-Pleistocene radiation of sticklebacks.