cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic difference in periodic limb movements in children

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies have suggested that ethnicity is a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and that African-American children are three times more likely than Caucasian children to have SDB. Ethnic differences in sleep architecture and other routinely assessed sleep parameters have not been critically assessed, thus the aim of this study was to compare sleep characteristics in African-American and Caucasian children. Methods A total of 41,363 sleep questionnaires were mailed to parents of children aged 5–7 years in Jefferson County, KY. Parents of snoring and non-snoring children were invited to have their child undergo overnight polysomnography. Results Complete questionnaires were returned by 9872 families (23% response rate). Of these, 689 agreed to undergo polysomnography, and 542 complete polysomnograms were obtained (5.7% of questionnaire respondents). There were 391 Caucasian and 151 African-American children with a mean age of 6.7±0.5 years who underwent overnight polysomnographic evaluation. No differences between groups were observed for sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, or rapid eye movement (REM) latency. African-American children had slightly increased stage 3 sleep (6.0±2.8% vs. 5.4±2.8%; p =0.01), although the total proportion of slow wave sleep was similar. Higher respiratory arousal index (3.6±6.5/h vs. 1.4±2.7/h; p p 1:34% in African-American vs. 24% in Caucasian; p =0.017) and SDB (AHI>5: 22.5% vs. 7%; p p =0.004). The odds ratio for a Caucasian child to have PLMS was 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–5.3; p =0.006). Furthermore, in the absence of SDB, the odds ratio for a Caucasian child to have PLMS was 9.5 (95% CI: 2.2–39.9; p =0.002). Conclusions African-American and Caucasian children have similar sleep architecture. African-American children are more likely to display respiratory disturbances during sleep, while PLMS are significantly more prevalent among Caucasian children.
Generation of optical combs in a whispering gallery mode resonator from a bichromatic pump

An optical comb is shown to arise from a whispering gallery mode resonator pumped by two optical frequencies. Two externally excited modes couple due to Kerr nonlinearity to initially empty modes and give rise to new frequency components. This thresholdless process is much more efficient than the previously reported single-pump four-wave mixing. As a result, a few milliwatt pump is sufficient to generate strong secondary fields that efficiently generate higher-order frequency components and so on in a cascade process leading to an optical comb.
Time-Resolved Surface Infrared Spectroscopy During Atomic Layer Deposition

This work presents a novel method for obtaining surface infrared spectra with sub-second time resolution during atomic layer deposition (ALD). Using a rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, we obtain a series of synchronized interferograms (120 ms) during multiple ALD cycles to observe the dynamics of an average ALD cycle. We use a buried metal layer (BML) substrate to enhance absorption by the surface species. The surface selection rules of the BML allow us to determine the contribution from the substrate surface as opposed to that from gas-phase molecules and species adsorbed at the windows. In addition, we use simulation to examine the origins of increased reflectivity associated with phonon absorption by the oxide layers. The simulations are also used to determine the decay in enhancement by the buried metal layer substrate as the oxide layer grows during the experiment. These calculations are used to estimate the optimal number of ALD cycles for our experimental method.
Designing systems for performance

Real-time systems and systems to interface human work environments will dominate the growth of computer applications over the next decade. These systems must execute their functions with the time-liness and responsiveness required in these environments. The design, development and testing of such systems must guarantee performance as well as functionality and reliability. There is not yet in place a technology to support this requirement for engineering of performance. The research and development community in performance has focused primarily on analysis and deduction rather than the performance arena. This talk will define and discuss the tasks of engineering performance into software systems and describe the recent progress towards this goal.
Diacylglycerol and ceramide kinetics in primary cultures of activated T-lymphocytes

Abstract T cell activation results in the generation of diacylglycerol (DAG), the physiological activator of protein kinase C. Recently, ceramide, a bioactive lipid intracellular second messenger, has been shown to play a positive role in T cell proliferation. Most studies examining mitogen induction of DAG and ceramide in T cells have been conducted in cell lines over short periods of time (0–30 min) relative to the 2–3-h time frame required for commitment to proliferation. Therefore, we examined T cell mitogen-induced DAG and ceramide kinetics under physiologically relevant conditions during the initial 2 h of culture. Freshly isolated murine splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with the T cell-specific mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). Our results show that Con A induced a multiphasic DAG response with significant peaks in DAG mass occurring at 2, 20 and 120 min. Concomitantly, ceramide mass was significantly increased 2 min following Con A addition and remained elevated until 120 min. Addition of C 8 -ceramide (10 μM) to lymphocyte cultures significantly enhanced mitogen-induced proliferation. These results demonstrate that DAG is continuously produced by activated T lymphocytes in a multiphasic fashion, and that ceramide is a positive effector molecule with respect to murine T cell proliferation. These results establish a foundation for further examination of the relationship between DAG, ceramide and T cell activation.
Bioavailability of iron in goat milk compared with cow milk fed to anemic rats

Bioavailabilities of iron from dehydrated whole and skim goat milk were investigated using iron-deficient rats. Hemoglobin regeneration efficiencies were determined as the percent conversion of dietary iron into hemoglobin. The respective hemoglobin regeneration efficiencies for groups fed whole goat milk, whole cow milk, skim goat milk, and skim cow milk were 50.6, 13.1, 26.0, and 13.0%, indicating that iron bioavailability of goat milk was greater than cow milk. However, rats fed each milk had negative net increases in hemoglobin concentrations, implying that the iron contents of each milk were not adequate. For animals consuming whole goat milk supplemented with ferrous sulfate, the slope relating hemoglobin iron gained versus iron intake was .95. Respective bioavailabilities relative to ferrous sulfate were 54, 14, 28, and 14% for the four sources of milk. Iron bioavailability of goat milk is superior to cow milk when fed to anemic rats.
EFFECT OF BLADDER MANAGEMENT ON UROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN SPINAL CORD INJURED PATIENTS

Purpose:: The optimal method of bladder management in spinal cord injured patients remains controversial. We investigated the association of type of bladder management with urological complications in these patients.Materials and Methods:: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, upper tract imaging and video urodynamics of 316 posttraumatic spinal cord injured patients. Mean followup plus or minus standard deviation since injury was 18.3 ± 12.4 years. Patients were categorized according to bladder management method, including chronic urethral catheterization, clean intermittent catheterization, spontaneous voiding and suprapubic catheterization in 114, 92, 74 and 36, respectively. No significant differences in patient age at injury, followup interval, or level, completeness or mechanism of injury were noted among bladder management method groups. Infection, stone disease, urethral complications and radiographic abnormalities were recorded.Results:: Of the 398 complications recorded 236 developed ...
The use of reliability factors in analyzing powder patterns in Pt-Si sputtering targets and subsequent films

X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize a Pt{endash}Si sputtering target and subsequent films. The powder patterns of each sample indicated lines due to diffraction from different phases. We have initiated a preliminary study through which we have analyzed and characterized these films. The results presented for these samples corroborate with results observed for this system in the planar configuration. {copyright} {ital 1998 Materials Research Society.}
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal Pro-BNP in Obese Patients without Heart Failure: Relationship to Body Mass Index and Gastric Bypass Surgery

Background: Further investigations are warranted to better characterize variables that may confound the clinical interpretation of plasma natriuretic peptide measurements, which are increasingly recognized to have diagnostic and predictive importance. Methods: Blood samples (EDTA plasma) from patients (n = 206) attending clinics for the medical treatment and follow-up of obesity were analyzed for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; Bayer assay) and the N-terminal segment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP; Roche assay). Natriuretic peptide concentration ranges were evaluated in those without diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: BNP and NT-proBNP were directly correlated ( r = 0.87; P = 0.01), with NT-proBNP concentrations higher relative to BNP. Of obese patients without CHF or CKD, 21.6% (40 of 185) had NT-proBNP concentrations greater than the published assay upper reference limit. Concentrations of both natriuretic peptides were higher in patients currently exposed to beta blockers, patients with the diagnosis of hypertension or type 2 diabetes, and patients with a history of gastric bypass surgery. An inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and both BNP and NT-proBNP was evident. According to the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute classification, more than 95% of the participants sampled in this study were either obesity class 2 (35 kg/m2 < BMI < 39.9 kg/m2) or class 3 (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) Conclusions: A substantial proportion of obese patients without CHF or CKD have concentrations greater than the upper reference limit for NT-proBNP but not for simultaneously measured BNP. A history of gastric bypass surgery appeared to be a significant predictor of increased natriuretic peptide concentrations when assessed in a population of patients with class 2 or 3 obesity.
Optimism about Love Relationships: General vs Specific Lessons from One's Personal Experiences

Experiences with love in one's family of origin (between parent and child and between parents) and in recent romantic involvements were explored to understand better people's optimism about their success in intimate relationships. Two types of optimism were distinguished: optimism about future relationships in general, and optimism about marriage in particular. Experiences in own dating relationships predicted respondents' optimism about future love relationships, whereas one's parents' relationship with each other predicted optimism about marriage. Fourth-year college students' optimism judgments were more influenced by their own experiences in intimate relationships than were first-year students' judgments. It appears that specific lessons from personal experience are applied selectively to judgments about our success in intimate relationships. More general beliefs about relationships, measured through attachment style, seem to be broadly applied, for attachment style was associated with both types of optimism. Relationship with parents did not directly predict either type of optimism, yet the mother-child relationship emerged as the most powerful predictor of attachment style, suggesting the fundamental importance of our earliest experiences to our generalized relationship schemas.
Host market characteristics, FDI, and the FDI – trade relationship

This paper empirically examines how a host nation's market characteristics, particularly its market maturity and role as an export platform, affect the amount of inward FDI it receives and its FDI – bilateral trade relationship with the FDI source. For the period 1989 – 1999, using Japanese outward FDI into 85 geographically and developmentally diverse countries, we find a positive and significant relationship between FDI inflows and the host's market maturity levels. However, the FDI – trade interaction between the host and the FDI source appears to vary inversely with the host country's market maturity level. In addition, after controlling for the host's market maturity, we find that the nature of the host's ‘export platform’ status also significantly impacts both inward FDI flows and the FDI – trade relationship.
Leading-Edge Film-Cooling Physics: Part III — Diffused Hole Effectiveness

A proven computational methodology was applied to investigate film cooling from diffused holes on the simulated leading edge of a turbine airfoil. The short film-hole diffuser section was conical in shape with a shallow half-angle, and was joined to a plenum by a cylindrical metering section. The diffusion resulted in a film-hole breakout area of 2.5 times that of a cylindrical hole. In the present paper, predictions of adiabatic effectiveness for the cases with diffused holes are compared to results for standard cylindrical holes, and performance is analyzed in the context of extensive flowfield data. The leading edge surface was elliptic in shape to accurately model a turbine airfoil. The geometry consisted of one row of holes centered on the stagnation line, and two additional rows located 3.5 hole (metering section) diameters downstream on either side of the stagnation line. Film holes in the downstream rows were centered laterally between holes in the stagnation row. All holes were angled at 20° with the leading edge surface, and were turned 90° with respect to the streamwise direction (radial injection). The average blowing ratio was varied from 1.0 to 2.5, and the coolant-to-mainstream density ratio was equal to 1.8. The steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a pressure-correction algorithm on an unstructured, multi-block grid containing 4.6 million finite-volumes. A realizable k-e turbulence model was employed to close the equations. Convergence and grid-independence was verified using strict criteria. Based on the laterally averaged effectiveness over the leading edge, the diffused holes showed a marked advantage over standard holes through the range of blowing ratios. However, ingestion of hot crossflow and thermal diffusion into the second row of film holes was observed to cause significant, and potentially detrimental, heating of the film-hole walls.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Weight Change after an Atypical Antipsychotic Switch

BackgroundAtypical antipsychotics successfully treat schizophrenia and other conditions, with a lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects than other agents used in treatment of these disorders. However, some atypical antipsychotics are associated with weight gain.ObjectiveTo quantify the impact on weight and identify atypical antipsychotics causing the least amount of weight gain among patients switched from risperidone to olanzapine and olanzapine to risperidone.MethodsPatients included in the study (n = 86) were ≥18 years and had received ≥2 prescriptions for risperidone or olanzapine for ≥60 days, switched to the other atypical antipsychotic, and were dispensed ≥2 prescriptions for at least 60 days after the index date. Age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were retrospectively abstracted from automated databases containing patient-specific prescription and vital sign information.ResultsAt the time of their switch, the average patient age was 53.2 years (range 25–83). The average weight change in...
Uteroplacental insufficiency increases apoptosis and alters p53 gene methylation in the full-term IUGR rat kidney

Uteroplacental insufficiency causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which is associated with adult onset diseases such as hypertension. Previous studies demonstrate that growth retardation in humans and rats decreases glomeruli number; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this reduction are unknown. Apoptosis plays a key role in renal organogenesis. We therefore hypothesized that the in utero deprivation associated with uteroplacental insufficiency decreases glomeruli, increases apoptosis, and alters the mRNA levels of key apoptosis-related proteins in full-term IUGR kidneys. To prove this hypothesis, we induced asymmetric IUGR through bilateral uterine artery ligation of the pregnant rat. We found that uteroplacental insufficiency significantly reduced glomeruli number while increasing TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity in the IUGR kidney. A significant decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and a significant increase in Bax and p53 mRNA further characterized the IUGR kidney. Because altered p53 CpG methylation affects p53 expression, we analyzed p53 promoter CpG methylation using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and real-time PCR. Uteroplacental insufficiency specifically decreased CpG methylation of the renal p53 BstU I site promoter without affecting the Hha I or the Aci I sites. Uteroplacental insufficiency also induced a relative hypomethylation from exon 5 to exon 8, which was associated with deceased mRNA levels of DNMT1. We conclude that uteroplacental insufficiency alters p53 DNA CpG methylation, affects mRNA levels of key apoptosis-related proteins, increases renal apoptosis, and reduces glomeruli number in the IUGR kidney. We speculate that these changes represent mechanisms that contribute to the fetal origins of adult disease.
A Closure Approximation for the Nonstationary M/M/s Queue

Typical queues do not have constant arrival rates. This paper discusses effective computational methods for dealing with queues having nonstationary arrival processes. It presents a computationally undemanding approximate method for finding the time dependent mean and standard deviation of the number of customers in an s server queueing system with time-varying arrival and service rates. Results are exhibited for various 1 and 3 server queues with constant service rates and sinusoidal components in the arrival rate.
Benzenesulfonic Acid, 2‐Nitro‐, (1‐Methylethylidene)hydrazide

[6655-27-2] C9H11N3O4S (MW 257.27) InChI = 1S/C9H11N3O4S/c1-7(2)10-11-17(15,16)9-6-4-3-5-8(9)12(13)14/h3-6,11H,1-2H3 InChIKey = SBNYNTYNEJTMQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a reagent used for synthesis of allenes from propargylic alcohols, for the reductive transposition of allylic alcohols and allylic bromides, and for the deoxygenation of unhindered alcohols) Alternate Names: N-isopropylidene N′-2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl hydrazine (IPNBSH), isopropylidene o-nitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazide. Physical Data: mp 139–140 °C (dec). Solubility: soluble in THF, DMSO, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, and DMF; insoluble in hexanes. Form Supplied in: white solid. Preparative Method: prepared from o-nitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazide (NBSH)1 and acetone at 0 °C.2 Also commercially available from Sigma–Aldrich.3 Purification: a solution of IPNBSH in acetone is diluted with hexanes at 23 °C to induce precipitation.2, 4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable at ambient temperature for several months.
The effect of zirconia surface treatment on flexural strength and shear bond strength to a resin cement.

Statement of problem Despite the expanded applications for zirconia in restorative dentistry, there is no clear recommendation in the literature regarding surface treatment before bonding. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical surface treatment of yttria-partially stabilized zirconia on its flexural strength and the effect of mechanical and chemical surface treatments on its bond strength to a resin cement. Material and methods For flexural strength evaluation, zirconia bars (4 × 5 × 40 mm) were prepared from zirconia blocks, finished using a diamond rotary cutting instrument, sintered, then assigned into 4 groups: (1) control (no treatment), (2) airborne-particle abrasion, (3) silicoating, and (4) wet hand grinding. After storage for 24 hours at 37°C, flexural strength was determined using a 3-point bending test, and the results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). For shear bond strength evaluation, zirconia rods (2.5 × 3 mm) were prepared from zirconia blocks, sintered, and assigned into 16 groups. Each group underwent a combination of the following mechanical and chemical treatments. Mechanical treatment included: (1) control (no treatment), (2) airborne-particle abrasion, (3) silicoating, or (4) wet hand grinding. Chemical treatment included: (1) control (no treatment), (2) acid etching followed by silanation, (3) silanation only, or (4) application of zirconia primer. Dentin specimens were prepared from extracted molars stored in 0.5% chloramine-T. Zirconia rods were bonded to dentin using a resin cement (Multilink Automix), then light polymerized. After storage, the specimens were loaded to failure with the notched shear bond test method in a universal loading apparatus. For artificial aging analysis, the groups that achieved the highest bond strength values were duplicated, stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 90 days, and thermal cycled before being loaded to failure. Results were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA (α=.05). Results Airborne-particle abrasion and hand grinding significantly increased flexural strength. The highest shear bond strength values were achieved for the following groups: silicoated + silanated > hand ground + zirconia primer > airborne-particle abraded + silanated > zirconia primer > airborne-particle abraded + zirconia primer. Artificial aging resulted in significantly lower shear bond strength for the silicoated/silanated and the zirconia primer groups. Conclusions Mechanical modification of the surface increased the flexural strength of Y-TZP. The resin bond to Y-TZP was improved by surface treatment. A combination of mechanical and chemical conditioning of the zirconia surface was essential to develop a durable resin bond to zirconia. (J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:210-220)
Feedforward control to attenuate tension error in time-varying tape systems

This paper presents two feedforward control algorithms to attenuate the tension error in digital tape systems. Tape systems are time-varying because the reel radii change as a result of both tape winding and reel eccentricities. The first algorithm addresses the time-varying nature of the reel radii due to tape winding by introducing a time-varying feedforward filter for the reference input. The second algorithm is designed to attenuate the tension error caused by periodic reel eccentricities. We investigate the error in previous periods and calculate the compensation input that should have canceled it. This input is then fed forward to the system for future periods. Simulation results show that the time-varying reference input achieved from the first feedforward filter leads to zero tension error if the variations in the radius are known. The second feedforward compensation input reduces the tension error caused by reel eccentricities by about three orders of magnitude.
Challenges of “operationalizing” dynamic system access control: Transitioning from ABAC to RAdAC

While the DoD has a strong identity and credential management foundation, much work remains to achieve the DoD access control vision of providing dynamic access control with appropriate granularity. Ongoing access control investments are transitioning from administrators manually provisioning of user accounts to Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) capabilities. While this offers significant operational benefits over manual provisioning, ABAC capabilities must evolve. A limiting factor of the ABAC method is its reliance on the availability of authoritative attributes, and the need for access control policies that focus on specific access requests and still result in desired enterprise-wide operations. In today's DoD mission and business environments, there is a compelling need to provide authorized users, both anticipated and unanticipated, access to sensitive and classified enterprise information and the resources they need, when and where they need it, while preventing disclosure or exploitation by malicious insiders and other adversaries access to the same information. To meet this challenge, a DoD-wide Dynamic Access Management capability is needed by combining ABAC with risk management to achieve Risk Adaptive Access Control (RAdAC).
The catalytic oxidation of propylene: VIII. An investigation of the kinetics over Bi2Mo3O12, Bi2MoO6, and Bi3FeMo2O12

Abstract The kinetics of propylene oxidation have been investigated over the temperature range of 325 to 475 °C. The apparent activation energies changed from 15 to 18 kcal/mole at high temperature (> 400 °C) to 43–53 kcal/mole at lower temperatures. The reaction orders for both oxygen and propylene also changed with temperature. It was found that these changes in the kinetic parameters could be completely explained in terms of the coupled kinetics of catalyst reduction and reoxidation.
The Impact of Lie to Me on Viewers’ Actual Ability to Detect Deception:

The new television series Lie to Me portrays a social scientist solving crimes through his ability to read nonverbal communication. Promotional materials claim the content is based on actual science. Participants (N = 108) watched an episode of Lie to Me, a different drama, or no program and then judged a series of honest and deceptive interviews. Lie to Me viewers were no better at distinguishing truths from lies but were more likely than control participants to misidentify honest interviewees as deceptive. Watching Lie to Me decreases truth bias thereby increasing suspicion of others while at the same time reducing deception detection ability.
Class F power amplifier integrated with circular sector microstrip antenna

A high efficiency class F power amplifier integrated with a circular sector microstrip antenna is reported. To obtain the class F operation, the second and third harmonics are shaped through the input impedance of the antenna. At the operating frequency of 2.55 GHz, a power added efficiency of 63% is demonstrated.
Huge Coronal Structure and Heating Constraints Determined from SERTS Observations

Intensities of the Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectral lines were measured as a function of radius off the solar limb by two flights of the Goddard's Solar Extreme-ultraviolet Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) for three quiet sun regions. Density scale heights were determined for the different spectral lines. Limits on the filling factor were determined. In the one case where an upper limit was determined it was much less than unity. Coronal heating above 1.15 solar radii is required for all three regions studied. For reasonable filling factors, local heating is needed.
Black-Box Constructions of Composable Protocols without Set-Up

We present the first black-box construction of a secure multi-party computation protocol that satisfies a meaningful notion of concurrent security in the plain model without any set-up, and without assuming an honest majority. Moreover, our protocol relies on the minimal assumption of the existence of a semi-honest OT protocol, and our security notion "UC with super-polynomial helpers" Canetti et al, STOC'10 is closed under universal composition, and implies super-polynomial-time simulation security.
The Equity Out Plan: Tax Arbitrage for Small Business

The small business owner can take advantage of borrowing rates of 7-8% to fund tax deductible pensions and profit sharing plans that defer the high marginal tax rates of 30-35%. This form of tax arbitrage will allow a small business owner to quickly build assets for retirement in a safe and secure manner. The tax savings are used along with loan proceeds to continue the funding of the retirement plan.
Aminoaciduria of severe trauma.

Plasma and urine levels of free amino acids were measured in 15 severely traumatized adult patients while they were receiving fluids free of calories and nitrogen. Endogenous plasma clearance and the relative rates of reabsorption of free amino acids from renal tubules were calculated. These data were compared with similar studies of eight control subjects. Multiple injury provoked distinct patterns of free amino acids in plasma and urine. Hypoaminoacidemia and hyperaminoaciduria were seen in severe trauma. There was a marked depletion of nonessential amino acids in plasma of trauma victims. In contrast, the urinary loss of all amino acids was increased 5-10 times. This enhanced loss in patients, however, represented only 2.1% of total N excreted compared with 0.7% in control subjects. Considerable variations were seen in the selectivity with which various amino acids were reabsorbed by renal tubules. This may partly be due to the abnormal pattern of amino acids presented to renal tubules. Language: en
Endoscopic-CT: learning-based photometric reconstruction for endoscopic sinus surgery

In this work we present a method for dense reconstruction of anatomical structures using white light endoscopic imagery based on a learning process that estimates a mapping between light reflectance and surface geometry. Our method is unique in that few unrealistic assumptions are considered (i.e., we do not assume a Lambertian reflectance model nor do we assume a point light source) and we learn a model on a per-patient basis, thus increasing the accuracy and extensibility to different endoscopic sequences. The proposed method assumes accurate video-CT registration through a combination of Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Trimmed-ICP, and then uses the registered 3D structure and motion to generate training data with which to learn a multivariate regression of observed pixel values to known 3D surface geometry. We demonstrate with a non-linear regression technique using a neural network towards estimating depth images and surface normal maps, resulting in high-resolution spatial 3D reconstructions to an average error of 0.53mm (on the low side, when anatomy matches the CT precisely) to 1.12mm (on the high side, when the presence of liquids causes scene geometry that is not present in the CT for evaluation). Our results are exhibited on patient data and validated with associated CT scans. In total, we processed 206 total endoscopic images from patient data, where each image yields approximately 1 million reconstructed 3D points per image.
Norovirus antagonism of B-cell antigen presentation results in impaired control of acute infection

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis, and so, vaccine development is desperately needed. Elucidating viral mechanisms of immune antagonism can provide key insight into designing effective immunization platforms. We recently revealed that B cells are targets of norovirus infection. Because noroviruses can regulate antigen presentation by infected macrophages and B cells can function as antigen-presenting cells, we tested whether noroviruses regulate B-cell-mediated antigen presentation and the biological consequence of such regulation. Indeed, murine noroviruses could prevent B-cell expression of antigen presentation molecules and this directly correlated with impaired control of acute infection. In addition to B cells, acute control required MHC class I molecules, CD8+ T cells, and granzymes, supporting a model whereby B cells act as antigen presenting cells to activate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This immune pathway was active prior to the induction of antiviral antibody responses. As in macrophages, the minor structural protein VP2 regulated B-cell antigen presentation in a virus-specific manner. Commensal bacteria were not required for the activation of this pathway and ultimately only B cells were required for the clearance of viral infection. These findings provide new insight into the role of B cells in stimulating antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses.
On-wafer terahertz ribbon waveguides using polymer-ceramic nanocomposites

This paper investigates the design and fabrication of thin dielectric ribbon waveguides for terahertz (THz) circuit applications. Simulations indicate that dielectric thin ribbon waveguides provide low loss THz wave propagation when a combination of high dielectric constant (high-k ) core and low dielectric constant (low-k ) cladding are used. This combination provides stronger field confinement which helps in reducing losses at waveguide bends and allows higher density integration. Two different fabrication approaches are investigated: 1) photopatterning of spin coated nanocomposite thin films and 2) laser cutting of dry nanocomposite thin films. Characterization of nanocomposites-based waveguides is carried out over a wide frequency range in the THz spectral region. Measurements of a variety of different waveguide samples validate the simulated results and prove that low cost, wafer-level planar THz integrated circuits can be realized with polymer ceramic nanocomposite thin ribbon waveguides.
Effects of cap structure on the performace of LiFePO_4 Li-ion power battery

10 Ah LiFePO4 Li-ion power battery was prepared by using LiFePO4 and MCMB as positive and negative active materilas.Functional electrolyte was used in 10 Ah LiFePO4 Li-ion power battery.The battery performance between the incorporate cap and freestanding cap used in the battery were researched respectively.For the battery used incorporate cap,its average internal resistance was 2.0 mΩ,its maximal discharge rate and maximal charge rate were 10 C and 5 C,respectively,and its 5 C cycle capacity retained 86.4% after 600 cycles.For the battery used freestanding cap,its average internal resistance was 3.4 mΩ,its maximal discharge rate and maximal charge rate were 5 C and 3 C,respectively,and its 1 C cycle capacity retained 87.4% after 600 cycles.
Recent Developments in Research on Carbon as Anode Material Electrode in Super Lithium Ion Capacitor

Super lithium ion capacitor(SLIC) is a kind of novel energy storage devices with high energy density and high power density. Anode materials are indispensable to SLIC,and their researches are focused on carbon compounds. The working principle of carbon anode for SLIC is mainly analyzed,and the preparation and electrochemical properties of activated carbon/graphite composite and 3D carbon materials which can be used as anode material electrode in SLIC are reviewed. The shortcomings in the research on carbon anode materials are also analyzed,and the key points in the research are pointed out to be energy storage mechanism and relationship between carbon structure and property by using quantum chemical method.
Joint-view Kalman-filter recovery of compressed-sensed multiview videos

We develop a novel joint-view Kalman filter for causal reconstruction of compressed-sensed multiview videos. Compressed-sensed multiview video frames are initially reconstructed individually via l1-norm minimization. Then, ajoint-view state transition model is established for each pair of neighboring views using motion or motion-disparity field estimates. Experimental results demonstrate significantly improved reconstruction quality compared to conventional CS reconstruction and independent-view (single-view) motion-compensated Kalman filtering.
Distribution of a climate-sensitive species at an interior range margin

Advances in understanding the factors that limit a species’ range, particularly in the context of climate change, have come disproportionately through investigations at range edges or margins. The margins of a species’ range might often correspond with anomalous microclimates that confer habitat suitability where the species would otherwise fail to persist. We addressed this hypothesis using data from an interior, climatic range margin of the American pika (Ochotona princeps), an indicator of relatively cool, mesic climates in rocky habitats of western North America. Pikas in Lava Beds National Monument, northeastern California, USA, occur at elevations much lower than predicted by latitude and longitude. We hypothesized that pika occurrence within Lava Beds would be associated primarily with features such as “ice caves” in which sub-surface ice persists outside the winter months. We used data loggers to monitor sub-surface temperatures at cave entrances and at non-cave sites, confirming that temperatures were cooler and more stable at cave entrances. We surveyed habitat characteristics and evidence of pika occupancy across a random sample of cave and non-cave sites over a 2-yr period. Pika detection probability was high (~0.97), and the combined occupancy of cave and non-cave sites varied across the 2 yr from 27% to 69%. Contrary to our hypothesis, occupancy was not higher at cave sites. Vegetation metrics were the best predictors of site use by pikas, followed by an edge effect and elevation. The importance of vegetation as a predictor of pika distribution at this interior range margin is congruent with recent studies from other portions of the species’ range. However, we caution that vegetation composition depends on microclimate, which might be the proximal driver of pika distribution. The microclimates available in non-cave crevices accessible to small animals have not been characterized adequately for lava landscapes. We advocate innovation in the acquisition and use of microclimatic data for understanding the distributions of many taxa. Appropriately scaled microclimatic data are increasingly available but rarely used in studies of range dynamics.
Elements of Adaptive Instruction for Training and Education

This paper discusses critical elements of adaptive instruction in support of training and education. Modeling and assessing learners and teams, optimizing adaptive instructional methods, applying domain modeling outside of traditional training and educational domains, automating authoring processes, and assessing the learning effect of instruction are among the challenges reviewed.
The Winding Stair and Other Poems and The Collected Poems

Yeats was in London from “about Oct 8” 1932 until he left for his American lecture tour on 21 October (L 802). As we have noted, he had with him a complete set of corrected page proofs for the Edition de Luxe Poems. I conjecture that Yeats met with Macmillan on 19 or 20 October. Among other things, he would have been seeking assurances that there would be no further delays in publishing the Edition de Luxe and that it would indeed appear in the spring of 1933, as the publishers has suggested to him in a letter of 11 August 1932 (BL 55731/405-07). When Macmillan indicated that they were not prepared to proceed with the Edition de Luxe, it seems that Yeats made a counterproposal: why not go ahead and publish Poems at once in a trade edition, a Collected Poems? By time the Edition de Luxe was ready to go forward, Yeats would surely have further poems to add to the volume, and thus the publisher’s desire for previously unpublished material in the Edition would be satisfied. Moreover, the agreement with Ernest Benn was to expire in May 1933 (BL 54902/4), and no original collection of Yeats’s poems had been published in England since The Tower (1928). Yeats must have been convincing, as on 20 October 1932 Macmillan wrote to Watt about “a new proposal which Yeats has made to me” (BL 55733/424). The wonder is that the publishers hadn’t thought of the idea first.
Hell's Kitchen and the Battle for Urban Space: Class Struggle and Progressive Reform in New York City, 1894–1914. By Joseph J. Varga. (New York, NY: Monthly Review Press, 2013. Pp. 269. $18.95.)

This book is a study of space as both a product and a producer of historical conditions. As such, it is an attempt to upset current narratives of the Progressive Era in favor of a more complicated ...
Explaining the Gender Wage Gap in STEM: Does Field Sex Composition Matter?

Using the National Science Foundation’s SESTAT data, we examine the gender wage gap by race among those working in computer science, life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering. We find that in fields with a greater representation of women (the life and physical sciences), the gender wage gap can largely be explained by differences in observed characteristics between men and women working in those fields. In the fields with the lowest concentration of women (computer science and engineering), gender wage gaps persist even after controlling for observed characteristics. In assessing how this gap changes over time, we find evidence of a narrowing for more recent cohorts of college graduates in the life sciences and engineering. The computer sciences and physical sciences, however, show no clear pattern in the gap across cohorts of graduates.
Approach to Spasticity in the Pediatric Patient

An 11-year-old girl with cerebral palsy, known to you for the past 5 years, presents with 6 months of worsening pain and rigidity of her upper extremities. Her parents find it nearly impossible to dress her in the morning without pain medication and state that although her dose of oral baclofen was increased almost 9 months ago, they have not noticed any improvement. They are intrigued by the prospect of surgical therapies that could relieve their daughter of daily challenges.
Effects of Partial Absence of Visual Feedback Information on Gait Symmetry.

The incorporation of real-time visual feedback during gait rehabilitation can improve the efficacy of training. Our prior work demonstrated that the imposed distortion of simple visual feedback information of step lengths entails an unintentional adaptive process in the subjects’ spatial gait pattern, thereby suggesting the important role of implicit learning in the context of gait rehabilitation that employs visual feedback. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the removal of a portion of visual feedback information—after it had initially been provided—had any impact on gait symmetry. Eighteen healthy subjects walked on a treadmill for 10-min periods at their preferred walking speed and at a slower walking speed (1.3 mph) during the experimental trials, in which two simple vertical bars corresponding to subject’s right and left step length were displayed on a computer screen. Halfway through the trial, one of the bars was removed from the visual feedback via random selection. Subjects were instructed to continually walk normally and also look at the visual feedback until the trials were completed. The changes in step length symmetry ratio were computed and analyzed. We found that displaying only one side of visual feedback influenced subjects to spontaneously modulate gait symmetry away from the baseline, and also that the amount of modulated gait symmetry slightly increased when their walking speed decreased. The changes in gait symmetry occurred by producing either longer right steps produced than left steps or vice versa, but we were unable to find any correlation between side of removal (right or left side) and the different types of trend in response. This warrants further investigation in a study with a larger population. Nonetheless, the results of this study demonstrated the effect of partial absence of visual feedback on changes in step symmetry, and that the perturbation of visual information caused implicit (unintentional) motor processes. A gait training procedure involving a novel way of perturbing visual feedback, such as partial absence of visual feedback tested in this study, may be of value in gait rehabilitation by driving more efficient motor adaptations.
The Five-Year Itch: Are Libraries Losing Their Most Valuable Resources?

This paper is based on the authors’ poster session “Changing Roles and Redefining Goals: The Five-Year Itch,” originally presented at the ACRL 12th National Conference in Minneapolis, April 2005.
Managerial Overconfidence and Accounting Conservatism: managerial overconfidence

Overconfident managers overestimate IXWXUHUHWXUQVIURPWKHLUILUPV∂�LQYHVWPHQWV��7KXV��ZH� predict that overconfident managers will tend to accelerate good news recognition, delay loss recognition, and generally use less conservative accounting. Furthermore, we test whether external monitoring helps to mitigate this effect. Using measures of both conditional and unconditional conservatism, we find robust evidence of a negative relation between CEO overconfidence and accounting conservatism. We further find that external monitoring does not appear to mitigate this effect. Our findings add to the growing literature on overconfidence and complements findings in Schrand and Zechman (2011) that overconfidence affects financial reporting behavior.
National Institutes of Health Funding for Tobacco Control: 2006 and 2016

Purpose The study objective was to describe and compare changes in newly funded National Institutes of Health (NIH) tobacco-related awards between fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY2016. Design Secondary analysis of NIH data. Setting National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool database was used. Subjects National Institutes of Health tobacco-related awards newly funded during FY2006 and FY2016. Measures Search terms included tobacco, smoking, nicotine, secondhand smoke, and e-cigarettes. Grants and funding amounts were retrieved. Analysis We calculated frequency distributions to determine the number and percentage of total NIH grants funded overall and by specific institute, and inflation-adjusted total and median funding amounts. We computed percentage differences in number of new grants, funding amounts, and percentage of funding allocated overall, and by institute. Results There was a 187% increase in the percentage of total NIH funding allocated to new tobacco-related awards from 0.09% in FY2006 to 0.25% in FY2016. Total number of awards increased by 67% in FY2016 (n = 144; $56 015 931) compared to FY2006 (n = 86; $22 076 987), and there was a 154% increase in inflation-adjusted total funding for tobacco control. The top funding institutes were National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Cancer Institute; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism was third in FY2006; and National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in FY2016. Research grants were the most frequently funded. Smoking cessation was a common topic area and increased by 64%. Conclusion NIH funding is critical for advancing the science of nicotine and tobacco research.
Transitioning to Outpatient Care

Orchestrating a smooth transition to outpatient care is critical for all patients with hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting. There are many factors to consider in preparing patients for discharge.
Metal nanoparticles-grafted functionalized graphene coated with nanostructured polyaniline ‘hybrid’ nanocomposites as high-performance biosensors

Abstract Metal nanoparticles–grafted functionalized graphene nanosheets with nanostructured polyaniline (PANi) ‘hybrid’ nanocomposites for ascorbic acid (AA) sensing is developed. The versatility of the nanocomposite performance was corroborated by altering size and density of electrodeposited gold (AuNP) and silver (AgNP) nanoparticles on the graphene oxide; GO, thermally reduced GO; rGOth and nitrogenated functionalized graphene; NFG. These noble metal nanoparticles are selected due to higher electrical conductivity, facile synthesis, processability and antimicrobial nature. The multilayers (PANi|AgNP|GFN and PANi|AuNP|GFN) on fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, graphite foil (GF) and graphene rod (GR) electrodes were tested that show increased electrical conductivity and reduced charge transfer resistance. We demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of AA analyte over full range (from 1 × 10−12 M to 10 × 10−3 M) with linear sensitivity 10 mA mM−1 cm−2 and excellent limit of detection