cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translational control of GCN4: an in vivo barometer of initiation-factor activity

Abstract Phosphorylation of translation initiation factor-2 (elF-2) is an adaptive mechanism for downregulating protein synthesis under conditions of starvation and stress. The yeast Saccharomyces has evolved a sophisticated means of increasing translation of GCN4 mRNA when elF-2 is phosphorylated, allowing the induction of an important stress-response protein when expression of most other genes is decreasing. Because translation of GCN4 mRNA is so tightly coupled to elF-2 activity, genetic analysis of this system has provided unexpected insights into the regulation of elF-2 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, elF-2B.
A-Performance-Improved-Iterative-Channel-Code-Decoder-For-High-Order-Modulation-Signals-

A method of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) generation for input to channel code decoder is presented in this paper. It will be demonstrated that, in a communication system where iterative channel decoding, namely turbo and low density parity check (LDPC) codes, and high order modulations, such as 8PSK, 16QAM and 64QAM, are used, the input to channel code decoder can be iteratively updated by using intermediate results of the decoder for better performance. This technique is applicable to 3G wireless systems, for example 3GPP and 3GPP2, and WiMax (IEEE 802.16).
Pulsed NMR studies in solid H2. III. Spin-lattice relaxation times

We report a systematic study of the longitudinal relaxation timeT 1 for solid H2 samples with ortho concentrationX between 0.15 and 0.70 and for 0.1≲T≲2 K. It is over this temperature region that substantial orientational ordering takes place, which drastically affectsT 1. The measurements were made using the solid echo technique at 9 and 27 MHz. By Fourier-transforming the echo decay, it was possible to investigate the recovery from saturation of the various parts of the NMR absorption line as a function of their distance ν−ν L from the center at the Larmor frequency ν L .The dependence ofT 1 on ν−ν L is particularly noticeable in the hcp disordered (para-orientational) phase at the lowest temperatures, where the NMR absorption is broad, and this observation is qualitatively explained. An attempt is made to understand the general features ofT 1 in the cubic ordered phase and in the hcp para-orientational phase in terms of certain relaxation mechanisms. A comparison with previous work is presented.
Rationales for Practice Decisions: Variations in Knowledge Use by Decision Task and Social Work Service:

This article addresses social workers' use of knowledge by studying the rationale they provided for their actual practice decisions. Extent of knowledge use was compared across four practice decision tasks and between medical and psychiatric social work services. Data were obtained from the records of 297 clients treated by 34 experienced M.S.W. social workers in medical and psychiatric services units of two midwestern hospitals. Workers were previously trained in the approach and procedures of Systematic Planned Practice (SPP). Data were obtainedfrom SPP forms on which workers recorded their treatment decisions and rationale for each decision. Data analyzed by repeated measures (MANOVA and ANOVA's) revealed that giving of rationales, and the types of knowledge it reflected, varied significantly by the decision task and social work service. Intervention decisions were least likely to be supported by rationales, and medical services workers provided fewer rationales than psychiatric services workers. Conce...
"False" migration of rigid fixation appliances in pediatric craniofacial surgery.

Osseous fixation techniques have been widely used to provide rigid stabilization in the craniofacial skeleton. Reported sequelae of its usage has been limited to palpation of the screw-plate system and radiological imaging artifacts. Over the past 3 years we have identified miniplates, microplates, and wire sutures on the inner cranial table of the growing child. The observation of "false" migration of these appliances has provided the impetus to review these patients in more detail. Twenty patients underwent secondary cranial remodeling within a two-year period; 7 of these patients were seen to have "false" migration. There were no untoward sequelae in removal of these appliances, and no adverse neurological symptoms were seen.
Cairo after 12 years: successes setbacks and challenges.

In September 1994 thousands of policymakers activists health specialists and members of the donor community gathered in Cairo Egypt for what turned out to be a unique UN International Conference of Population and Development (ICPD) a true turning point. The Cairo conference put the ideas of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights choice womens empowerment a life-cycle approach and gender equity at the centre of the international agenda and signalled the end of the so-called population era. Instead of pursuing demographic targets via family-planning programmes the goals of the ICPD Programme of Action (signed by 179 countries) were to achieve universal access to safe affordable and effective reproductive health care and services including those for young people and promoted a gender perspective. The package of services incorporated family planning information and contraceptives skilled care at pregnancy and childbirth safe abortion services where and when abortion is legal and treatment and management of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. Governments set a realistic timeframe of 20 years to accomplish the goals established in the Programme of Action. (excerpt)
Will There Be a Significant Change to El Niño in the Twenty-First Century?

AbstractThe El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response to anthropogenic climate change is assessed in the following 1° nominal resolution Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations: twentieth-century ensemble, preindustrial control, twenty-first-century projections, and stabilized 2100–2300 “extension runs.” ENSO variability weakens slightly with CO2; however, various significance tests reveal that changes are insignificant at all but the highest CO2 levels. Comparison with the 1850 control simulation suggests that ENSO changes may become significant on centennial time scales; the lack of signal in the twentieth- versus twenty-first-century ensembles is due to their limited duration. Changes to the mean state are consistent with previous studies: a weakening of the subtropical wind stress curl, an eastward shift of the tropical convective cells, a reduction in the zonal SST gradient, and an increase in vertical thermal stratificati...
A singular abstract cauchy problem.

Abstract In this note a singular abstract Cauchy problem is considered. A solution is obtained for this problem in terms of a regular abstract Cauchy problem. As an application we obtain a new solution of the initial value problem for a class of singular partial differential equations.
Minzhu guanli: the democratization of factory management in the Chinese revolution

From 1948 to 1951, the Chinese Communist Party attempted to implement a policy of ‘democratic management’ in urban industry. Minzhu guanli entailed various, sometimes contradictory elements including worker participation in management organs, the rationalization of factory production, and improvements in worker welfare. It was hoped that such reforms would not only help to build up working-class support for the revolutionary party, but would also improve production by relying on the initiative and creativity of the ‘worker masses’. Although short-lived and largely unsuccessful, experiments with democratic management in state-run factories in the early years of the People's Republic represent one of the most ambitious efforts to overcome capitalist relations of production. Although the CCP never went so far as to advocate worker control along syndicalist lines, minzhu guanli was aimed, in part, at overcoming alienation and the separation of decision making and implementation at the factory level. This pape...
Chroma Palette: chromatic maps of sound as granular synthesis interface

Chroma based representations of acoustic phenomenon are representations of sound as pitched acoustic energy. A framewise chroma distribution over an entire musical piece is a useful and straightforward representation of its musical pitch over time. This paper examines a method of condensing the block-wise chroma information of a musical piece into a two dimensional embedding. Such an embedding is a representation or map of the different pitched energies in a song, and how these energies relate to each other in the context of the song. The paper presents an interactive version of this representation as an exploratory analytical tool or instrument for granular synthesis. Pointing and clicking on the interactive map recreates the acoustical energy present in the chroma blocks at that location, providing an effective way of both exploring the relationships between sounds in the original piece, and recreating a synthesized approximation of these sounds in an instrumental fashion.
Expression and distribution of TTX‐sensitive sodium channel alpha subunits in the enteric nervous system

The expression and distribution of TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) alpha subunits in the enteric nervous system (ENS) has not been described. Using RT-PCR, expression of Na(v)1.2, Na(v)1.3, Na(v)1.6, and Na(v)1.7 mRNA was detected in small and large intestinal preparations from guinea pigs. Expression of Na(v)1.1 mRNA as well as Na(v)1.1-like immunoreactivity (-li) were not observed in any intestinal region investigated. Na(v)1.2-li was primarily observed within the soma of the majority of myenteric and submucosal neurons, although faint immunoreactivity was occasionally observed in ganglionic and internodal fibers. Na(v)1.3-li was observed in dendrites, soma, and axons in a small group of myenteric neurons, as well as in numerous myenteric internodal fibers; immunoreactivity was rarely observed in the submucosal plexus. Na(v)1.6-li was primarily observed in the initial axonal segment of colonic myenteric neurons. Na(v)1.7-li was observed in dorsal root ganglia neurons but not in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the ileum, 37% of Na(v)1.2-li cell bodies colocalized with calbindin-li while colocalization with calretinin-li was rare. In contrast, 22% of Na(v)1.3-li cell bodies colocalized with calretinin-li but colocalization with calbindin-li was not observed. In the colon, both Na(v)1.2-li and Na(v)1.3-li cell bodies frequently colocalized with either calretinin-li or calbindin-li. Na(v)1.2-li cell bodies also colocalized with the majority of NeuN-li cells in the small and large intestine. These data suggest that Na(v)1.1 may not be highly expressed in the ENS, but that Na(v)1.2, Na(v)1.3, and Na(v)1.6, and possibly Na(v)1.7, have broadly important and distinct functions in the ENS.
The rhetoric and reality of aid: promoting educational technology in Egypt

This paper examines a US foreign aid project to promote use of new technologies in Egyptian education. Though the project sought to improve teaching and learning, an examination of implementation indicates how goals of Westernization ended up taking precedence. These included a focus on bringing Egyptian educators to the US and on showcasing US hardware and software. This underlying emphasis on Westernization weakened the project’s potential contribution to educational improvement. However, grass roots Egyptian teacher educators found ways to assert their own voices in the project through small‐scale and locally appropriate uses of technology.
The Enduring Indispensability of the Controlled Comparison

Do controlled comparisons still have a place in comparative politics? Long criticized by quantitatively oriented methodologists, this canonical approach has increasingly been critiqued by qualitative methodologists who recommend greater focus on within-case analysis and the confinement of causal explanations to particular cases. Such advice accords with a welcome shift from a combative “tale of two cultures” toward mutual respect for research combining qualitative and quantitative methods in the simultaneous pursuit of internal and external validity. This article argues that controlled comparisons remain indispensable amid this “multimethod turn,” explicating how they too can generate both internal and external validity when their practitioners (a) craft arguments with general variables or mechanisms, (b) seek out representative variation, and (c) select cases that maximize control over alternative explanations. When controlled comparisons meet these standards, they continue to illuminate the world’s grea...
Neuropsychiatric Characteristics Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis and a control group of patients with Crohn's disease were compared with respect to neuropsychological, psychiatric and psychosocial functioning. While the two groups did not differ on tests of intelligence, the primary biliary cirrhosis patients evidenced significant deficits on certain measures of functional neuropsychological capacity, including attentional, visuospatial and perceptual-motor abilities. These patients also reported several behavioral impairments consequential to their illness, although their emotional and psychiatric status were relatively unimpaired. In addition, the similarities in neuropsychological functioning of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and individuals suffering from chronic alcoholic cirrhosis are discussed. The results of this investigation underscore the importance of a neuropsychiatric evaluation as part of a comprehensive diagnostic workup and medical management program for patients with chronic liver disease.
Under-three minute PCR: Probing the limits of fast amplification

Nucleic acid amplification is enormously useful to the biotechnology and clinical diagnostic communities; however, to date point-of-use PCR has been hindered by thermal cycling architectures and protocols that do not allow for near-instantaneous results. In this work we demonstrate PCR amplification of synthetic SARS respiratory pathogenic targets and bacterial genomic DNA in less than three minutes in a hardware configuration utilizing convenient sample loading and disposal. Instead of sample miniaturization techniques, near-instantaneous heating and cooling of 5 μL reaction volumes is enabled by convective heat transfer of a thermal fluid through porous media combined with an integrated electrical heater. This method of rapid heat transfer has enabled 30 cycles of PCR amplification to be completed in as little as two minutes and eighteen seconds. Surprisingly, multiple enzymes have been shown to work at these breakthrough speeds on our system. A tool for measuring enzyme kinetics now exists and can allow polymerase optimization through directed evolution studies. Pairing this instrument technology with modified polymerases should result in a new paradigm for high-throughput, ultra-fast PCR and will hopefully improve our ability to quickly respond to the next viral pandemic.
The role of Osteopontin in tumor metastasis

Osteopontin (OPN) is a glyco-phosphoprotein that is expressed and secreted by numerous human cancers. OPN functions in cell adhesion, chemotaxis, macrophage-directed interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppression, stress-dependent angiogenesis, prevention of apoptosis, and anchorage-independent growth of tumor cells by regulating cell-matrix interactions and cellular signaling through binding with integrin and CD44 receptors. While constitutive expression of OPN exists in several cell types, induced expression has been detected in T-lymphocytes, epidermal cells, bone cells, macrophages, and tumor cells in remodeling processes such as inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion, bone resorption, and tumor progression. Recently, substantial evidence has linked OPN with the regulation of metastatic spread by tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that define the role of OPN in tumor metastasis are incompletely understood. Transcriptional regulators that contribute to the induction of OPN expression have received significant attention as potential modulators of the OPN-mediated metastatic phenotype. The following review will discuss the molecular structure of OPN, the evidence for its functional role in tumor cell metastasis, the downstream signals that activate invasive mechanisms, and the recent reports concerning regulation of OPN transcription.
Drought in the U.S. Great Plains (1980–2012): A sensitivity study using different methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration in the Palmer Drought Severity Index

The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) has been widely used to evaluate drought conditions since it was developed in 1965. In the original formulation of the PDSI, potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated using the Thornthwaite equation. This study evaluates how using more physically based approaches for estimating PET influences the depiction of drought conditions over the U.S. Great Plains from 1980 to 2012. Both the Penman-Monteith equation and the two-source PET model are compared to the original Thornthwaite-based PDSI. The differences in PET between the three methods are much larger than the resulting differences in the PDSI. Results show that the original PDSI has a stronger drying trend than versions of PDSI that use more physically based methods of estimating PET. Spatially, all three versions of the PDSI show similar distributions of drying and wetting trends; however, there are significant regional variations that appear to be associated with land cover. PDSI and observed soil moisture in the top 1 m are moderately correlated (correlation coefficient is ~0.5) over the U.S. Great Plains, except in Texas (correlation coefficient is ~0.3). Although all three approaches result in a similar area-averaged PDSI for the U.S. Great Plains, there are large differences in the area affected by drought, especially during extreme drought events.
Universal Column Formula

The relationship among the moment, deflection, and buckling load of a structural member is used to develop an elegantly simple and unique expression referred to as the universal column formula (UCF). The UCF relates critical compressive stress to the entire range of member slenderness values for axially loaded columns with or without minor load eccentricity. The UCF is straightforward in appearance and application, yet it is sufficient to perform any axially loaded timber and steel column analysis and design. The UCF unifies the various formulations of column curves common to the field of structural engineering. Comparisons with the secant formula, the Euler curve, and The National Design Specification for Wood Construction and the AISC Design Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings are presented, and a practical application of the UCF is demonstrated.
COPPER, ZINC AND IRON CONTENT OF TURKEY MUSCLES

Zinc, iron and copper were determined in cooked and raw turkey breast and thigh muscles by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All values were significantly higher in thigh than in breast muscle. When expressed on an edible weight basis, all cooked meat values were higher than raw meat values, except that the amount of copper in raw and cooked breast muscle was similar. However, when expressed on a moisture free-fat free basis (to account for moisture variation), generally the mineral content of cooked muscle was less than that of raw muscle. Zinc values were significantly lower in cooked than in raw thigh muscle; zinc values were similar in raw and cooked breasts. Cooked breasts and thighs had significantly less iron than did raw breasts and thighs. Copper was significantly lower in cooked than in raw breast muscle; but similar in raw and cooked thigh muscle.
A Model for the Effect of Homologous Recombination on Microbial Diversification

The effect of homologous recombination (HR) on the evolution of microbial genomes remains contentious as competing hypotheses seek to explain the evolutionary dynamics of microbial species. Evidence for HR between microbial genomes is widespread, and this process has been proposed to act as a cohesive force that can constrain the diversification of microbial lineages. We seek to characterize the evolutionary dynamics of sympatric populations to explore the impact of HR on microbial speciation. We describe a simple equation for quantifying the cohesive effect of HR on microbial populations as a function of their nucleotide divergence, μ/ρ = πg10 − 20 πg. The model was verified using a forward-time microbial population simulator that can explore the evolutionary dynamics of sympatric populations in nonoverlapping niche space. The model was also evaluated using multilocus sequence data from a range of microbial species, providing criteria for dividing them into either cohesively recombining or clonally diverging lineages. We conclude that models of microbial diversification that appear contradictory can be explained in a unified manner as the natural and predictable consequence of variation in a small number of population parameters.
Pattern recognition meets the world wide web

In the field of pattern recognition there are many problems that are now familiar to us, in a sense part of a standard problem set. This set includes both supervised and unsupervised learning (e.g. clustering). In fact these are the two major problems addressed by the field. These problems and the general pattern recognition problem have appeared in many domains. They have even appeared in the context of something that is reshaping society and commerce-the world wide web. It is our intent to discuss these two learning problems in that context in the hope of drawing the attention of the pattern recognition community and in the hope of making that community aware of some of the more significant work that had been performed to date attacking these problems in the web context.
6-Mercaptopurine, Monocytes, and Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attack and stroke, appears to be an inflammatory disease driven by retention of modified lipoproteins in the artery wall.1 Markers of inflammation, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein, are independent predictors of cardiovascular (CV) events.2 If atherosclerosis truly is an inflammatory disease, then shouldn’t we be able to identify antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive medications that are effective in preventing this disease and reducing its clinical expression? The complexity behind this simple supposition was made clear by reports of an association between use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors3 or nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors4 and increased risk of CV events. On the other hand, statins can be considered antiinflammatory drugs, because they lower high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and display a variety of antiinflammatory effects in vitro and as such, provide plenty of data to support this hypothesis, including the results of the JUPITER trial,5 where subjects with low levels of low-density lipoprotein and slightly elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein greatly benefited from statin treatment in terms of CV rate in less than 2 years. The proliferation signal inhibitors, sirolimus and everolimus, have been used in drug-eluting stents to prevent restenosis, but the processes of neointimal and smooth muscle cell proliferation involved in restenosis are not as prominent in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.6 A number of conditions that require treatment with antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive medications are associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and CV events. Despite the impressive progress in defining the cellular and molecular basis of inflammation and …
Towards Mobile Internet: Location Privacy Threats and Granular Computation Challenges

The main focus of this paper is the query and search facilities in the XHMG system. The XHMG system allows modeling, integration, search, and retrieval of Web multimedia data (hypermedia) from heterogeneous data sources based on its content and semantics. The paper shows the basic XHMG structural instruments for Web and Web page content extraction and representation. The emphasis in the paper is showing the visual query mechanisms which allow search and retrieval of collection of Web-based documents (pages, data, multimedia) based on their Web document metadata, intra-document metadata, inter-document metadata, or in short-based on their content. The main application of this approach is handling, integrating, and searching the multimedia information in the Web based on its content and meaning. The research in the paper can have an impact on the e-technologies.
Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Body Composition and Metabolic Indices in Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency

Growth hormone (GH) is important in the regulation of fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. These metabolic effects subsequently affect health risk factors, such as body composition, atherogenic risk factors, and glucose intolerance. GH deficiency is associated with obesity which reportedly responds to GH treatment. Children and adults with GH deficiency often have hypercholesterolemia and thus might be at increased risk of having atherosclerotic diseases in later life. In fact, adults with GH deficiency have been reported to have an increased mortality rate as a result of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the results of GH treatment in relation to carbohydrate metabolism are inconsistent in GH-deficient children. We evaluated the changes in health risk factors during GH replacement therapy in 40 children, 31 boys and 9 girls, with GH deficiency and compared our results with those in adult patients. In conclusion, GH replacement therapy in children and adults with GH deficiency can reduce health risk factors without altering glucose metabolism. These beneficial effects are reportedly reversed after the discontinuation of GH therapy. It therefore seems prudent to continue life-long GH replacement therapy in these patients.
The translatability of Simplified English in procedure documents

A collaborative research project tested the translatability of a restricted language called Simplified English (SE) as it is used in maintenance procedure documents in the airline industry. The project was sponsored by the Boeing Company and conducted by University of Washington researchers, as well as members of the Boeing Information and Support Services and Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Customer Services Division. The study examined the effect of document type (SE versus non-SE) and passage (Document A versus Document B) on the translatability of these documents. Native speakers of Chinese, Spanish, or Japanese read and translated either the SE or non-SE version of one of two procedures. Independent raters then assessed the quality of the translations. Initial results show that SE compliant documents lead to better translations in certain languages.
Physical violence during pregnancy: maternal complications and birth outcomes.

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between physical violence during the 12 months before delivery and maternal complications and birth outcomes. Methods: We used population-based data from 6143 women who delivered live-born infants between 1993 and 1995 in South Carolina. Data on women’s physical violence during pregnancy were based on self-reports of “partner-inflicted physical hurt and being involved in a physical fight.” Outcome data included maternal antenatal hospitalizations, labor and delivery complications, low birth weights, and preterm births. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the associations between physical violence, maternal morbidity, and birth outcomes. Results: The prevalence of physical violence was 11.1%. Among women who experienced physical violence, 54% reported having been involved in physical fights only and 46% had been hurt by husbands or partners. In the latter group, 70% also reported having been involved in fighting. Compared with those not reporting physical violence, women who did were more likely to deliver by cesarean and be hospitalized before delivery for maternal complications such as kidney infection, premature labor, and trauma due to falls or blows to the abdomen. Conclusion: Physical violence during the 12 months before delivery is common and is associated with adverse maternal conditions. The findings support the need for research on how to screen for physical violence early in pregnancy and to prevent its consequences.
Inner City African-American Elderly Patients' Perceptions and Preferences for the Care of Chronic Knee and Hip Pain: Findings From Focus Groups

Background. African Americans undergo joint replacement less often than do white persons. The authors studied African-American perceptions and preferences for the care of knee and hip pain. Methods. 10 focus groups were conducted in an inner city community. Participants, older persons with chronic knee or hip pain, were asked to discuss their perceptions and preferences for the care of knee and hip pain. Transcripts were coded for thematic structure using NUD*ST software. Results. Cultural preferences and perceptions for care emerged as a major theme. Important subcategories of this theme included respect for the patient’s faith and religiosity and perceptions of physician ethnicity, race, and sex. Conclusions. This sample of older inner city African Americans expressed unique cultural perceptions and preferences for the care of their knee and hip pain. Respect for patients’ faith was important, whereas physicians’ race, ethnicity, and religious background were not.
Attention Allocation: Effects of Alcohol and Information Salience on Attentional Processes in Male Social Drinkers

The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of alcohol and salience of social cues (personality traits) on allocation of attention in the intoxicated male social drinker. It was expected that inebriated subjects would preferentially attend to high threat relative to low threat information contingent on the information's personal relevance. Seventy-six participants received either alcohol or a placebo, or were in a control condition, and were given the opportunity to attend to personally salient or nonsalient positive, negative, and neutral information. Intoxicated participants viewed negative traits longer than did nonintoxicated subjects and attended to these traits longer in the salient than in the nonsalient condition. Findings are compared to the attention allocation model, and their implications for alcohol-mediated cognitive processes are discussed.
Reforming the Russian legal system

Preface 1. Pre-revolutionary Russian law 2. The Bolshevik experience 3. The history of legal reform 4. Forging a new constitution 5. Citizens and the state: the debate over the Procuracy 6. In search of a just system: the courts and judicial reform 7. Law and the transition to a market economy 8. Legal reform in the republics 9. Legal reform and the transition to democracy in Russia Appendix Notes Index.
On the nature of tetracycline resistance controlled by the plasmid pSC101

In vitro enzymatic alteration of plasmid phenotype and in vitro construction of recombinant plasmids containing genetic information derived from the plasmid pSC101 have been used to investigate the mechanism of function of tetracycline resistance determined by the plasmid pSC101. The resistance has been shown to be inducible and involves the increased synthesis of membrane-associated polypeptides of 34,000, 26,000 and 14,000 daltons that are encoded for by the plasmid. The 34,000 dalton polypeptide along with another plasmid-encoded polypeptide of 18,000 daltons function in an ATP-independent manner to prevent the accumulation of tetracycline by the cell. These polypeptides are sufficient for resistance. A second component of plasmid-determined resistance involves the 14,000 dalton polypeptide and reduces the initial adsorption of tetracycline by sensitive cells, but is not alone sufficient for the generation of resistance. The role of the 26,000 dalton polypeptide in tetracycline resistance has not been identified.
Personal reflections on occupational health in the twentieth century: spiraling to the future.

▪ Abstract The history of occupational health in the United States during the twentieth century demonstrates pendular swings, with periods of rapid progress followed by periods of reversal. Happily...
Oncolytic Potential of a Novel KGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Using a KGFR-selective Breast Cancer Xenograft Model

BACKGROUND Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)/KGF receptor (KGFR) signaling produces a rapid increase in the progression of breast cancer. Molecular modeling was used to create a group of KGFR-selective kinase inhibitors (TKI). Compound L-27 is a potent and selective KGFR TKI. The present study examined the oncolytic potential of L-27 using a breast cancer xenograft model. MATERIALS AND METHODS An orthotopic xenograft model was developed with KGF-transfected MCF-7 cells to examine the influence of L-27 upon KGFR-mediated tumor progression. RESULTS L-27 was found to produce a dose-related reduction in the growth and metastasis of mouse xenograft tumors. Furthermore, L-27 treatment did not produce any signs of gross toxicity. CONCLUSION L-27 was found to reduce the growth and metastasis of MCF-7 tumor xenografts with elevated expression of KGF. Thus, KGFR TKI may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast and other types of cancer.
FNA smears as a potential source of DNA for targeted next-generation sequencing of lung adenocarcinomas.

Background Diff-Quik-stained fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears and touch preparations from biopsies represent alternative specimens for molecular testing when cell block or biopsy material is insufficient. This study describes the use of these samples for targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and reports the DNA quality and success rates of FNA smears versus other specimens from 1 year of clinical use. Methods A validation set of 10 slides from 9 patients with prior clinical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Sanger sequencing and KRAS pyrosequencing (5 KRAS-positive/EGFR-negative and 4 KRAS-negative/EGFR-negative) underwent DNA extraction, quality assessment, and targeted NGS. Subsequently, lung adenocarcinoma specimens submitted for NGS solid tumor mutation panel testing in 1 calendar year (60 biopsies, 57 resections, 33 FNA cell blocks, 12 FNA smears, and 10 body fluid cell blocks) were reviewed for specimen adequacy, sequencing success, and DNA quality. Results All 10 validation samples met the DNA quality threshold (delta Ct threshold Conclusions FNA smears of lung adenocarcinomas are high-quality alternative specimens for a targeted NGS panel with a high success rate in clinical practice. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:406-14. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Characterization of cardiovascular reflexes evoked by airway stimulation with allylisothiocyanate, capsaicin, and ATP in Sprague-Dawley rats

Acute inhalation of airborne pollutants alters cardiovascular function and evidence suggests that pollutant-induced activation of airway sensory nerves via the gating of ion channels is critical to these systemic responses. Here, we have investigated the effect of capsaicin [transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist], AITC [TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist], and ATP (P2X2/3 agonist) on bronchopulmonary sensory activity and cardiovascular responses of conscious Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Single fiber recordings show that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and capsaicin selectively activate C fibers, whereas subpopulations of both A and C fibers are activated by stimulation of P2X2/3 receptors. Inhalation of the agonists by conscious rats caused significant bradycardia, atrioventricular (AV) block, and prolonged PR intervals, although ATP-induced responses were lesser than those evoked by AITC or capsaicin. Responses to AITC were inhibited by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red and the muscarinic antagonist atropine. AITC inhalation also caused a biphasic blood pressure response: a brief hypertensive phase followed by a hypotensive phase. Atropine accentuated the hypertensive phase, while preventing the hypotension. AITC-evoked bradycardia was not abolished by terazosin, the α1-adrenoceptor inhibitor, which prevented the hypertensive response. Anesthetics had profound effects on AITC-evoked bradycardia and AV block, which was abolished by urethane, ketamine, and isoflurane. Nevertheless, AITC inhalation caused bradycardia and AV block in paralyzed and ventilated rats following precollicular decerebration. In conclusion, we provide evidence that activation of ion channels expressed on nociceptive airway sensory nerves causes significant cardiovascular effects in conscious SD rats via reflex modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
Geometric Calibration and Validation of Ultracam Aerial Sensors

Abstract. We present details of the calibration and validation procedure of UltraCam Aerial Camera systems. Results from the laboratory calibration and from validation flights are presented for both, the large format nadir cameras and the oblique cameras as well. Thus in this contribution we show results from the UltraCam Eagle and the UltraCam Falcon, both nadir mapping cameras, and the UltraCam Osprey, our oblique camera system. This sensor offers a mapping grade nadir component together with the four oblique camera heads. The geometric processing after the flight mission is being covered by the UltraMap software product. Thus we present details about the workflow as well. The first part consists of the initial post-processing which combines image information as well as camera parameters derived from the laboratory calibration. The second part, the traditional automated aerial triangulation (AAT) is the step from single images to blocks and enables an additional optimization process. We also present some special features of our software, which are designed to better support the operator to analyze large blocks of aerial images and to judge the quality of the photogrammetric set-up.
The Hearts of the Parents to Their Children; the Hearts of the Children to Their Parents: D’Var Torah for Shabbat Hagadol

In the Jewish liturgical cycle, Shabbat Hagadol – the Great Shabbat – is the last Shabbat before Passover, so called because of the special Haftorah read from the Book of Malachi, which ends with these strange and powerful words: “Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and awesome day of Adonai. And He shall turn the heart of the parents to the children, and the heart of the children to their parents, so that, when I come, I do not strike the whole land with utter destruction.” (Malachi 3:23-24) These words are traditionally understood to be the very last words of prophecy in the Bible – the end of a series of passionate voices going back hundreds of years. This talk explores several questions: Why did prophecy end? What is the significance of these specific words? And how does all this relate, in a variety of complex ways, to the themes of Passover and the night of the Passover Seder? The talk also concludes with a practical suggestion for including this deeply resonant passage in the drama of the Seder itself.
Headz, a novel

OF THE THESIS HEADZ, A NOVEL by John Colagrande, Jr. Florida International University, 2007 Miami, Florida Professor John Duffesne, Major Professor This novel reveals the counterculture as seen through the eyes of a group of coming-of-age, vulnerable, reckless, and often pretentious youths. In New York, Thelonious Horowitz is an up-and-coming musician who is uninspired and decides to trek to Chicago for the biggest musical festival of the summer. A diverse cast of characters, living in New York, Miami, and San Francisco, round out the novel, of which Thelonious is the connective tissue, ultimately bringing everyone together at the festival where paths converge for an event none will soon forget, and a concert a few will get to see. The novel explores the spirit of youth through classical themes like love, wanderlust, freedom, betrayal, and family, all placed within a contemporary context, and in opposition to technology, fame, consumerism, the New Age, and to many, responsibility. This post-modern tragicomedy captures a moment in time in the spirit of Kerouac’s On the Road and Wolfe’s The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.
Particle Level Set Method

The great success of level set methods can in part be attributed to the role of curvature in regularizing the level set function such that the proper vanishing viscosity solution is obtained. It is much more difficult to obtain vanishing viscosity solutions with Lagrangian methods that faithfully follow the characteristics. For these methods one usually has to delete (or add) characteristic information “by hand” when a shock (or rarefaction) is detected. This ability of level set methods to identify and delete merging characteristics is clearly seen in a purely geometrically driven flow where a curve is advected normal to itself at constant speed, as shown in Figures 9.1 and 9.2. In the corners of the square, the flow field has merging characteristics that are appropriately deleted by the level set method. We demonstrate the difficulties associated with a Lagrangian calculation of this interface motion by initially seeding some marker particles interior to the interface, as shown in Figure 9.3 and passively advecting them with \( {\overrightarrow x_t} = \overrightarrow V \left( {\overrightarrow x, t} \right) \) where the velocity field V↦(x↦ t) is determined from the level set solution. Figure 9.4 illustrates that a number of particles incorrectly escape from inside the level set solution curve in the corners of the square where the characteristic information (represented by the particles themselves) needs to be deleted so that the correct vanishing viscosity solution can be obtained.
The Comic Theatre

Lorca undoubtedly began forming his impressions of comic theatre from a very early age, first as a spectator at the travelling puppet plays that came to his childhood home in Granada, then as a youthful imitator of these popular shows with family and friends as audiences, and continuing as he began to write his own theatrical works in Madrid. This popular theatre is important in all of Lorca’s work for the stage. Guillermo de Torre, one of Lorca’s friends from the early days in Granada, asserts that Lorca produced a number of farces based on the ‘cristobitas’, the Spanish guignol theatre (so-named after its most vivid stock figure, Don Cristobal) and that these comic pieces were done even prior to his first drama written for performance in Madrid in 1920.1 But these entertainments had no script and are therefore lost to us. In fact, all that remains from one of Lorca’s earliest scripted puppet shows (1923) is a programme and a snap-shot of the stage. The performance took place on the occasion of the Feast of the Three Wise Men, 4 January 1923, before an audience of children and their parents in the parlour of the Garcia home.
It’s Tough To Be a Critic Professional Versus Nonprofessional Music Judgment

Potential differences between professional critics’ and nonprofessional undergraduates’ aesthetic appraisals in music were investigated via intercorrelations and frequency distributions of ratings....
Pain Management After Outpatient Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background:Effective postoperative pain management after shoulder arthroscopy is a critical component to recovery, rehabilitation, and patient satisfaction.Purpose:This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of level 1 and level 2 evidence regarding postoperative pain management for outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery.Study Design:Systematic review.Methods:We performed a systematic review of the various modalities reported in the literature for postoperative pain control after outpatient shoulder arthroscopy and analyzed their outcomes. Analgesic regimens reviewed include regional nerve blocks/infusions, subacromial/intra-articular injections or infusions, cryotherapy, and oral medications. Only randomized control trials with level 1 or level 2 evidence that compared 2 or more pain management modalities or placebo were included. We excluded studies without objective measures to quantify postoperative pain within the first postoperative month, subjective pain scale measurements, or narcot...
A middleware-driven architecture for information dissemination in distributed sensor networks

We present a hybrid, multilayered, agent-oriented architecture for distributed sensor networks. We propose an agent-based middleware that bridges the gap between the programmable application layer consisting of software agents and the physical layer consisting of extremely small, low power devices that combine programmable computing with sensing, tracking and wireless communication capabilities. The middleware supports mechanisms for communication, mobility, cooperative data mining, querying, tasking, self-organization and administration of the constituent sensor nodes to build higher-level, interoperable applications with software agents. We discuss two major middleware components, namely, CCL, a command and control language, and STACS, a programmable controller synthesizer. We explain how the controller can be used to configure the behavior of a node and CCL to command and control the nodes in a sensor network. We provide frameworks for communication and mobility. We suggest an agent model that integrates the software agents of the application with the hardware agents of the physical environment. We describe an integrated target tracking experiment, to demonstrate an implementation of this architecture. Finally, we conclude with an insight to our future challenges.
657. Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of an Oncolytic Virus with a Beta-1 Integrin Blocking Antibody, OS2966

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a destructive cancer of the central nervous system with poor outlook for its patients, which prompts for development of novel therapeutic approaches such as oncolytic viruses (OVs). OVs are genetically engineered viruses with tumor specific replication and lead to lysis and destruction of cancer cells. Our lab has developed a novel oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus (oHSV), 34.5ENVE, which expresses the anti-angiogenic protein Vasculostatin. This virus has shown unparalleled antitumor efficacy against intracranial glioma in mice. OV therapy is limited by the activation and infiltration of monocytic cells that promote virus clearance and inhibit tumor destruction. β1 integrins are cell surface molecules involved in cellular proliferation, invasion and inflammation. We revealed that oHSV-induced cysteine-rich 61 protein (CCN1) binds with integrins on the surface of glioma cells and macrophages, triggering antiviral type-I interferon and chemokine responses that increase macrophage infiltration and activation, which causes increased virus clearance in glioblastoma cells and limits oncolytic virus efficacy. To improve OV therapeutic efficacy, we combined oHSV with OS2966, a β1 integrin neutralizing antibody, which has been humanized in anticipation of clinical trials. We hypothesized that OS2966 would mitigate CCN1- β1 integrin induced inflammation and increase oHSV replication. Combination treatment with OS2966 increased oHSV replication and glioma cell killing. Migration assays revealed that treatment with OS2966 strongly inhibited oHSV-induced raw246.7 macrophage cell migration toward infected glioblastoma cells. From our results, we demonstrate that β1 integrins limit oHSV replication. Furthermore, we concluded that OS2966 could rescue CCN1- β1 integrin mediated macrophage and microglia migration toward oHSV infected GBM cells. Our findings show how a β1 integrin neutralizing antibody (OS2966) inhibits the innate immune response triggered upon oHSV treatment. This work suggests that β1 integrin inhibition may be utilized in the development of a novel oHSV therapeutic strategy.