cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motives, goals, and adaptive patterns of performance in Asian American and Anglo American students

Abstract The relations between achievement motives, achievement goals, and motivational outcomes on a math task were explored in this correlational study of Asian American ( n =105) and Anglo American ( n =98) college students. Students completed pretest questionnaires about their two motives (motive to approach success and fear of failure) and three achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach, performance-avoidance) prior to working on a mathematics task, which was then followed by a post-test questionnaire that assessed students' competence perceptions, interest, and anxiety for the task. Asian American students were found to display on average higher levels of fear of failure, performance-avoidance goals, anxiety, and math performance than Anglo American students. More importantly, however, structural equation modeling indicated that the relations among motives, goals, and outcomes were similar for the two ethnic groups. These results also revealed that the two achievement motives were differentially linked to mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals. In addition, the three achievement goals were found to mediate the relations between motives and the outcomes. The achievement goals also were linked differentially to the outcomes. The results are discussed in terms of the generalizability of a hierarchical model of motivation to both Asian American and Anglo American students.
Incorporation of Air Emissions in Dredging Method Selection

Though environmental impacts of dredging have been studied, no efforts have been applied to the evaluation of air emissions from comparable types of dredging equipment, as in this study. This study provides a procedure to include air emissions resulting from the combustion of diesel fuel during dredging operations into the dredging equipment selection decision-making process. The proposed procedure includes a limited life cycle assessment and is demonstrated for typical dredging methods and data from the Illinois Waterway as performed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District, Ill. It was found that commonly used rules of thumb in the dredging industry hold true by indicating that mechanical bucket dredges are better suited for long transport distances and have lower air emissions and cost per cubic meter (m 3 ) for smaller quantities of dredged material. In addition, the results show that a cutterhead pipeline dredge would be preferable for moderate and large volumes of dredged material when no additional booster pumps are required. Finally, the results indicate that production rates can be a significant factor when evaluating the air emissions from comparable dredging equipment.
A Paradigm Change: From Performance Monitoring to Performance Analysis

The purpose of an application performance tool is to help users identify whether or not their application are running efficiently on the computing resources available. However, the scale of current and future high end systems, as well as increasing system software and architecture complexity, brings a new set of challenges for performance tuning. To achieve high performance on peta-scale systems, users need a new infrastructure for performance measurement that can automate the process of performance analysis. In order to address these issues, we designed an automatic performance analysis framework, which contains innovative techniques that use a knowledge base and set of performance models. In this paper we outline the key aspects of this design and present the features from this design that have been implemented in the Cray Performance Analysis Toolset.
Direct Activation of ATM by Resveratrol under Oxidizing Conditions

Resveratrol has been widely reported to reduce cancer progression in model systems and to selectively induce cell death in transformed cell lines. Many enzymes have been reported to respond to resveratrol in mammalian cells, including the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein kinase that acts in DNA damage recognition, signaling, and repair. Here we investigate the responses of ATM to resveratrol exposure in normal and transformed human cell lines and find that ATM autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation is stimulated by resveratrol in a manner that is promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We observe direct stimulatory effects of resveratrol on purified ATM in vitro and find that the catalytic efficiency of the kinase on a model substrate is increased by resveratrol. In the purified system we also observe a requirement for oxidation, as the effect of resveratrol on ATM signaling is substantially reduced by agents that prevent disulfide bond formation in ATM. These results demonstrate that resveratrol effects on ATM are direct, and suggest a mechanism by which the oxidizing environment of transformed cells promotes ATM activity and blocks cell proliferation.
Cluster delegation: high-performance, fault-tolerant data sharing in NFS

We present cluster delegation, an enhancement to the NFSv4 file system, that improves both performance and recoverability in computing clusters. Cluster delegation allows data sharing among clients by extending the NFSv4 delegation model so that multiple clients manage a single file without interacting with the server. Based on cluster delegation, we implement a fast commit primitive, cooperative caching, and the ability to recover the uncommitted updates of a failed computer. Cluster delegation supports both read and write operations in the cooperative cache, while preserving the consistency guarantees of NFSv4. We have implemented cluster delegation by modifying the Linux NFSv4 client and show that it improves client performance and reduces server load by more than half.
Structural basis for the assembly of the mitotic motor Kinesin-5 into bipolar tetramers

Chromosome segregation during mitosis depends upon Kinesin-5 motors, which display a conserved, bipolar homotetrameric organization consisting of two motor dimers at opposite ends of a central rod. Kinesin-5 motors crosslink adjacent microtubules to drive or constrain their sliding apart, but the structural basis of their organization is unknown. In this study, we report the atomic structure of the bipolar assembly (BASS) domain that directs four Kinesin-5 subunits to form a bipolar minifilament. BASS is a novel 26-nm four-helix bundle, consisting of two anti-parallel coiled-coils at its center, stabilized by alternating hydrophobic and ionic four-helical interfaces, which based on mutagenesis experiments, are critical for tetramerization. Strikingly, N-terminal BASS helices bend as they emerge from the central bundle, swapping partner helices, to form dimeric parallel coiled-coils at both ends, which are offset by 90°. We propose that BASS is a mechanically stable, plectonemically-coiled junction, transmitting forces between Kinesin-5 motor dimers during microtubule sliding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02217.001.
An on-air evaluation of ALE for high speed data traffic

A trial of HF radio automatic link establishment (ALE) used in conjunction with 2400 bits/s MIL-STD-188-110A modems was conducted between Melbourne and Adelaide (650 kms) during August 1993. The results showed that the ALE technique was successful in automatically finding a propagating channel, establishing a link and passing data. In this regard it is shown that it clearly provided better links than would have been achievable from ionospheric prediction information alone. ALE's success rate in selecting the best channel for the transmission of data, however, was not as high as expected at 64% for the single-tone modem, and 80% for the 39-tone data waveform when used with minimum interleaving. This was found to be attributable to the relatively poor correlation of the received BERs with the ALE link quality assessment (LQA) scores and demonstrates that this metric is not optimised for the two modem types examined. It was noted that the single-tone modem bit error rate (BER) was found to be superior to that of the 39-tone parallel modem at 2400 bits/s in all but a few incidences. >
Correspondence item: Stability analysis of a reluctance machine

The purpose of this paper is to establish equations which can be used to determine the local asymptotic stability of reluctance-synchronous machine over a wide frequency range of applied stator voltages. Small-displacement theory is used to organize the equations into the form such that a Liapunov function can be suitably chosen.
To Kill and Tell? State Power, Criminal Competition, and Drug Violence

Violence is commonly viewed as an inherent attribute of the drug trade. Yet, there is dramatic variation in drug violence within countries afflicted by drug trafficking. This article advances a novel framework that explains how the interaction between two critical variables, the cohesion of the state security apparatus, and the competition in the illegal market determines traffickers’ incentives to employ violence. The analysis introduces a generally overlooked dimension of violence, its visibility. Visibility refers to whether traffickers publicly expose their use of violence or claim responsibility for their attacks. Drawing on fieldwork in five cities in Colombia and Mexico (Cali, Medellin, Ciudad Juarez, Culiacan, and Tijuana), 175 interviews, and a new data set on drug violence, I argue that violence becomes visible and frequent when trafficking organizations compete and the state security apparatus is fragmented. By contrast, violence becomes less visible and less frequent when the criminal market i...
Developmental Suppression of Germinal Center and IgG Production by Prednisolone and 6-Mercaptopurine

During development of the immunoglobulin-producing system of cells in chickens, there is a sequential onset of immunoglobulin synthesis; IgM is followed by IgG. Perhaps the most incisive experimental dissection of this stepwise pattern is seen in experiments employing embryonic bursectomy [1, 2]. Removal of the bursa 4 days before hatching often produces total agammaglobulinemia. Embryonic bursectomy 2 days before hatching consistently prevents significant synthesis of IgG but does not depress subsequent IgM synthesis. Bursectomy after hatching does not compromise IgM synthesis and usually results in a transient delay in onset of IgG synthesis [3]. A similar sequential onset of immunoglobulin synthesis has been demonstrated in ontogenetic studies of in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins by avian lymphoid tissues (Thorbecke and Warner, personal communication). This developmental pattern of immunoglobulin synthesis is also reflected in the ontogeny of circulating immunoglobulin levels [3].
Adjusting to a Diagnosis of Cancer: Processes for Building Patient Capacity for Decision-Making

This short report contributes to the expanding body of qualitative research literature about the cognitive processes of newly diagnosed cancer patients as they adjust to a diagnosis of cancer. The study is based on secondary qualitative analysis of audio records collected as part of a larger NIH study (RO1D: An Interdisciplinary Perspective: A Social Science Examination of Oncofertility RL1 HD058296). Core categories illustrate the processes of "naming it," "dealing with dealing with it," and finding the "new norm" and were based on nine patient experiences. We observe that our substantive conceptual categories have equivalents in bereavement and grief literature where researchers have posited the theory that processing the diagnosis of a terminal illness is the equivalent to adjusting to a bereavement. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding real-time patient thoughts and feelings as soon after diagnosis as was possible with full patient consent.
Experiments with Heteroecious Rusts

Field observations made by the writer near Lafayette, Ind., in 1931 indicated that this conspicuous rust on Dirca palustris might form its alternate stage on Carex. June 3, 1932 the aecia were collected and the spores used to inoculate Carex pennsylvanica. A scattered production of uredia was evident June 18; no telia developed. Attempts to infect the Dirca with teliospores found associated with it in the field have been unsuccessful, the plants never remaining alive after removal from the field to the greenhouse. The urediospores obtained from this culture agreed with those of Puccinia extensicola and formed the basis on which Arthur in the " Manual of the Rusts in United States and
Gastrointestinal Nitrogen Metabolism of Equids and Impact on Protein Requirement

Equids evolved grazing forage of low-protein and high-fiber content. However, present day horse feeding management typically consists of higher protein and less fiber, often exceeding protein requirements. The impact of feeding excessive proteins to equids on nitrogen (N) excretion and contamination of ground water is of particular concern and relevance in areas close to water ways. A review was prepared as part of an initiative by the USDA Multi-State project NE-1041 committee on “Environmental Impacts of Equine Operations” to build programs aimed at mitigating N excretion from equine feeding operations. This review presents information on dietary protein utilization in equids and identifies knowledge gaps for potential key future research areas to build upon. The review addresses the gastrointestinal (GIT) anatomy of equids with an emphasis of evolutionary dietary and anatomic adaptations. Challenges in assessment of protein quality of feeds are emphasized in particular in regard to the significance of prececal and postcecal protein digestibility and the contribution from hindgut N and amino acid (AA) metabolism and absorption. The need for greater understanding of GIT protein digestion processes, anatomic site of N and AA absorption, and systemic access to protein and AA digestibility estimates of equine feeds to refine current CP and generate AA requirement estimates is discussed.
Divergence theorem for super twisting control

As follows from analysis of stability for super twisting sliding mode control [1], for any bounded disturbance the controller parameters exist such that the state converges to the origin in the system state plane. The minimal possible convergence time is dictated by the necessary conditions. The question discussed in this paper: can the set of parameters be found such that convergence takes place for an arbitrary disturbance? The answer is negative: for any set of the controller parameters there exists a bounded disturbance such that the state trajectories are diverging. It means that the controller parameters should be tended to infinity to stabilize the system with increasing disturbances. As a result chattering suppression property of the super twisting control is essentially degraded even if compared with the conventional first order sliding mode control.
The National Association of Manufacturers Helps Out

The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) has long been a paragon of American business conservatism. Since its founding in 1895, the NAM has fought against unions, taxes, labor legislation, and the encroachment of the federal government into private enterprise. It opposed the New Deal and did everything in its power to subvert the prounion Wagner Act (1935). Its battle against the Wagner Act helped secure the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (1947), which limited unions' power and signified a rightward shift in postwar domestic policy. In the 1950s, it continued its war against “creeping socialism,” standing athwart history, becoming in the eyes of the liberal establishment a bitter, extremist organization with little relevance in mainstream life. Yet the NAM endorsed fair employment with regard to racial minorities and women beginning in 1941, restated its commitment to equal opportunity in the 1950s, and helped implement the equal opportunity legislation of the 1960s. The NAM facilitated and encouraged compliance with civil rights legislation and worked closely with government agencies such as the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), the Office of Contract Compliance (OFCC), and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to publicize the new regulations among small and medium-sized businesses. The NAM generally opposed federal legislation, but it did not officially oppose Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act nor did it try to stop its passage. It did however prefer voluntary approaches to legislation and encouraged its members to take affirmative actions to integrate their companies.
Report on the First FTM Conference of the Americas: A Vision of Community

The author reports on the first ever conference (held in San Francisco last summer) devoted entirely to the subject of female-to-male transsexualism (biological females who live as men). Having thrown off the notion that transsexualism refers only to biological males who live as women (MTFs), the newly formed female-to-male transsexual (FTM) community addressed a wide range of topics from “Living Long Term in Transsexual Bodies” to “Gay/Straight Issues” A full day was devoted to presentations of the medical technologies designed to accomplish a transition from female to male. Notably the conference participants began to challenge a disease model of transsexualism and acknowledged the development of “transgender studies” in academia.
Increasing Role of Nurse Practitioners in House Call Programs

Objectives Residence-based primary care provides homebound frail patients with a care plan that is individually tailored to manage multiple chronic conditions and functional limitations using a variety of resources. We (1) examine the visit volume and Medicare payments for residence-based health care provided by nurse practitioners (NPs) in the Medicare fee-for-service environment; (2) compare NP's residential visits to those of internists and family physicians; and (3) compare the geographical service area of full-time house call NPs versus NPs who make nursing facility visits a major portion of their work. Design An observational study using secondary data. Setting Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data. Participants Medicare beneficiaries. Measurements Medicare payments for home and domiciliary care visits, the number of residence-based medical visits, provider volume, geographical distribution of full-time house call providers. Results About 3,300 NPs performed over 1.1 million home and domiciliary care visits in 2013, accounting for 22% of all residential visits to Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. A total of 310 NPs individually made more than 1,000 residential visits (defined as a full-time house call provider); among full-time house call providers, including physicians, NPs are now the most common provider type. There are substantial variations in the geographic distribution of full-time house call NPs, internists, and family physicians. Full time NP's service area is about 30% larger than family physicians and internists. Nursing home residents are far more likely to receive NP visits than are homebound persons receiving home visits. Conclusion NPs are now the largest type of provider delivering residence-based care and NPs provide care over the largest geographical service area. However, the vast majority of frail Americans are more likely to receive NP's care in a nursing facility versus at home.
Essential Oils Against Pathogen and Spoilage Microorganisms of Fruit Juices: Use of Versatile Antimicrobial Delivery Systems

Essential oils (EO) are increasingly used as natural antimicrobial compounds, however the effect of delivery system to enhance their antimicrobial activity has not been widely studied. Limonene (0 to 10 μL/mL) was added to microbial suspensions (∼105 CFU/mL) of selected foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and spoilage microorganisms (Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans). S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive foodborne pathogen while Salmonella enterica showed continued growth under all concentrations. Stable nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) (d ∼ 170 nm) were prepared using an alkane carrier oil (n-tetradecane and n-eicosane, respectively). Interfacial effects and homogenous distribution of limonene in nanoemulsions improved its (8 and 12 μL/mL) antimicrobial effect against S. aureus. Higher aqueous concentrations as a result of expulsion from SLN further enhanced the antimicrobial activity pronounced at higher limonene concentrations. Therefore, our findings confirm that the emulsion-based delivery systems are able to effectively distribute limonene inside a microbial suspension to improve its antimicrobial activity.
Prediction of Hysteresis of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics

We predict hysteresis of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) varying the configurations and weight % of hard segments from 34.90% to 62.30% using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations. Rate-dependent stress-strain responses of the molecular models are justified between energy equivalence constitutive modeling and atomic viral stresses. Uniaxial cyclic loading (tension/compression) of the coarse-grained (CG) models are performed using NPT ensembles (isothermal-isobaric) at the atmospheric condition to ensure no stresses in the other two directions except the loading directions. Engineering stresses are estimated from atomic viral stresses at different frequencies and up to various strain levels, whereas areas under the stress-strain curves give the hysteresis loss under cyclic deformations. We correlate the hysteresis losses of all of the models with their bulk moduli and Poisson’s ratios. By the end of the study, we may answer the following research questions: i) How much hysteresis loss increases due to increasing the weight% of hard segments from 34.90% to 62.30%? ii) How sensitive are the losses corresponding to strain amplitudes from 5% to 15% and frequencies from 1.67 × 1011 Hz to 5.0 × 1011 Hz? iii) In order to reduce the hysteresis loss, how much we have to compromise in bulk modulus and how much Poisson’s ratio will be increased corresponding to that compensation. This molecular simulation tool can be used to design new rubber materials with better mechanical properties and lower hysteresis losses without the trial and error based experimental work.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Microenvironment in Radiotherapy

Ionizing radiation (IR) began to be a powerful medical modality soon after Wilhelm Rontgen’s discovery of X-rays in 1895. Today about 60% of cancer patients worldwide receive radiotherapy in their course of cancer control. In the past decades, the technology for precisely delivering tumor IR dose such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been significantly enhanced, which increases the overall local tumor response and clinical benefit. However, in achieving the goal for long-term cancer control, radiotherapy (RT) has faced several major challenges including the elucidation of the microenvironment causing tumor repopulation and resistance, especially with the most aggressive tumor cells in late phase metastatic lesions. To meet this challenge, a great deal of effort has been devoted to revealing not only the mechanistic insight of tumor heterogeneity, but also the emerging complexity of the irradiated microenvironment. Such new knowledge provides the explanation for the long recognized tumor heterogeneity and tumor cell repopulation, one the major “R”s in tumor radiobiology, which involves cancer stem cells (also termed tumor-imitating cells, cancer stem-like cells, or stem like cancer cells). It is generally accepted that CSCs plays a key role in tumor adaptive radioresistance and are involved in clinical tumor response. The specific cell surface biomarkers as well as the biological topographies of CSCs in many solid tumors have been identified; some of them overlap with those detected in normal stem cells. However, the exact molecular mechanism causing the radioresistant phenotype of CSCs, especially the dynamic nature of CSCs themselves under RT and their communication with the irradiated tumor microenvironment including stromal cells and immune cells, remains to be elucidated. Further elucidation of the complexity of the irradiated local tumor microenvironment in which CSCs reside may generate significant new information to resensitize radioresistant tumor cells and thus to improve therapeutic efficacy. In this chapter, I will describe the general information on normal stem cells, CSCs, CSCs-associated tumor repopulation and energy reprogramming and potential therapeutic targets. The dynamic features of radioresistance-associated factors such as NF-κB and HER2 in some CSCs including breast cancer and GBM will be discussed.
Iterative Low-Dose CT Reconstruction With Priors Trained by Artificial Neural Network

Dose reduction in computed tomography (CT) is essential for decreasing radiation risk in clinical applications. Iterative reconstruction algorithms are one of the most promising way to compensate for the increased noise due to reduction of photon flux. Most iterative reconstruction algorithms incorporate manually designed prior functions of the reconstructed image to suppress noises while maintaining structures of the image. These priors basically rely on smoothness constraints and cannot exploit more complex features of the image. The recent development of artificial neural networks and machine learning enabled learning of more complex features of image, which has the potential to improve reconstruction quality. In this letter, K-sparse auto encoder was used for unsupervised feature learning. A manifold was learned from normal-dose images and the distance between the reconstructed image and the manifold was minimized along with data fidelity during reconstruction. Experiments on 2016 Low-dose CT Grand Challenge were used for the method verification, and results demonstrated the noise reduction and detail preservation abilities of the proposed method.
“I will change the world”: The Intersection of Social Change and Male College Athletes’ Leadership Perspectives

Historically, men have been characterized as task-oriented leaders who are motivated by desires for autonomy, wealth, and power (17, 33). However, these "masculine" views of leadership might not accurately capture the leadership motivations of Millennial males as the views were developed in previous generations (4). Given the commitment of many Millennials towards socially responsible attitudes and behaviors (18, 25), we utilized a qualitative research design to examine the influence of social change on the leadership motivations of Millennial male intercollegiate athletes. In doing so, we found participants were motivated to lead in order to affect social change within their communities and within society. Our findings indicate a new perspective, one which includes a commitment to social change, is potentially needed when discussing "masculine" views of leadership.
Cold War redux and the news: Islamic State and the US through each other’s eyes

This article considers the ways in which the media apparatuses of Islamic State and the United States have adopted a Cold War frame for covering each other. In so doing, it demonstrates not only th...
Home hemodialysis education during postdoctoral training: Challenges and innovations.

Inadequate education in home hemodialysis (HHD) fellowship training might contribute to underutilization of this modality in the United States. Most graduates of nephrology fellowships do not grade themselves as competent in HHD suggesting that fellowship training in HHD is inadequate. An essential component for fellow education is at least one faculty member with expertise in HHD who is passionate about promoting the use of this modality. At a minimum, fellow training should utilize a curriculum that includes both lectures about HHD and outpatient clinical exposure to this modality over a period of at least 6-12 months. Fellows benefit from the opportunity to transition at least three patients to a home modality to gain experience with modality education, access placement, initial prescriptions, and home dialysis training. They should spend time with HHD training nurses to learn more about modality education, observe nurse intake interviews with patients in order to learn the criteria for entrance into the home dialysis program as well as recognize how to identify potential barriers to successful home dialysis therapy. To expose fellows to problems that do not occur during clinic visits fellows are encouraged to take first call during the day for HHD patients. There are many opportunities to do research and quality improvement projects which might also propel some fellows into an academic career as a home dialysis nephrologist.
The Definition and Scope of Diagnostic Error in the US and How Diagnostic Error is Enabled.

Background: The quality of healthcare in the US has been progressively addressed by 3 reports from the National Academy of Medicine, the latest of which, entitled “Improving Diagnosis in Health Care,” was issued in 2015 from a 21-member panel (the author of this report was a member). The report is a review of the longstanding problem of diagnostic error. The infrastructure of healthcare delivery in the US has inadvertently made diagnostic error a major contributor to the high cost of care and preventable poor patient outcomes. Content: This review describes the failures in US healthcare delivery that have led to the overwhelming number of deaths attributable to diagnostic error. Each failure is associated with recommendations to eliminate it. The review begins with a description of the scope of the diagnostic error problem and then discusses each of the issues that need to be addressed to reduce the number of misdiagnoses. Summary: The problem of diagnostic error in the US is a large one. Some the contributing factors to this large problem can be resolved at a small expense and with modest change; others require a major overhaul of aspects of medical practice. For the first time, Americans have a “to-do list” to reduce our diagnostic error problem and be on par with other developed countries that are recognized as providing less costly care with better patient outcomes.
The Effect of Coupled Heave/Heave Velocity or Sway/Sway Velocity Initial Conditions on Capsize Modeling

Obar et al. (2001) described a series of model tests and a numerical model of a rectangular barge in regular beam seas with three degrees of freedom in roll, heave, and sway used to investigate the onset of capsize. The model had minimal freeboard resulting in significant water-on-deck. This paper employs the numerical model to examine specifically the impact of the coupling in heave with heave velocity initial conditions or in sway with sway velocity initial conditions on ultimate stability. Direct comparison with experimental results was used to validate the numerical model and can be found in Lee et al (Lee, 2001; Lee et al, 2006).
Predictive Scoring Systems in Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is a disease of increasing annual incidence and one that produces significant morbidity and mortality. The ability to predict which patients are at risk for complications is critical in ensuring appropriate management and development of prevention strategies. For this reason, many scores have been developed to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis. Most of the scores incorporate a variety of physiologic, laboratory, and radiological parameters. This chapter will summarize and compare the current prediction models for severe acute pancreatitis as well as measurement of specific routine laboratory tests. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each of these systems will be highlighted. The clinical scoring systems that will be discussed include the Ranson’s score, the Glasgow criteria (also known as the Imrie score), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination (APACHE)-II, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Pancreatitis Outcome Prediction (POP), Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), the revised Japanese severity score (JSS), and Harmless Acute Pancreatitis Score (HAPS). Particular emphasis will be devoted to the application of these various scoring systems in the routine care of patients with acute pancreatitis.
Synthesis Technique for Low-Loss mm-Wave T/R Combiners for TDD Front-Ends

A time-division duplex (TDD) transmit/receive (T/R) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) front-end comprises a power amplifier (PA), a low-noise amplifier (LNA), an antenna switch, and appropriate passive matching and combining networks. In this paper, a synthesis methodology is proposed that minimizes the overall losses by combining the PA output and the LNA input matching networks together with the T/R switch into one network. The technique improves mm-wave transceiver performance in terms of PA efficiency and LNA noise figure. The proposed T/R combiner can achieve high linearity and can handle large PA output voltage swings. The architecture can be implemented in any process which provides high integration capability. A Ka-band implementation is demonstrated using 45 nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator that includes a high power, four-stack-based PA and an inductively source-degenerated cascode-based LNA. Within the front-end, the PA achieves saturated output power of 23.6 dBm with peak power added efficiency of 28%, while the LNA achieves NF of 3.2 dB. The overall chip area is 0.54 mm2, including pads.
Negotiating Grasp: Embodied Experience with Three-Dimensional Materials and the Negotiation of Meaning in Early Childhood Education

This review is a report and discussion of an impressive research project by Biljana Fredriksen; it has been previously published in Norwegian and is now translated into English by the author. The r...
Napoleonische Kriege und die Folgen des Wiener Kongresses

Di e Friedensutopie wurde in den folgenden Jahren und Jahrzehnten durch die geschichtliche Entwicklung aufs graus amste enttauscht, und auch Holderlins Vorstellung von der Kulturmission Deutschlands im Rahmen der europaischen Gemeinschaft der Volker verkehrte sich ins Gegenteil. Das Ende des Heiligen Romischen Reiches Deutscher Nation (1806) und die vernichtende Niederlage Preusens im selben Jahr markieren zugleich den Beginn der verstarkten Politisierung und Ideologisierung des poetischen und philosophischen Deutschlandbildes von Aufklarung, Klassik und fruher Romantik. Die masigende Bindung an kosmopolitische Ideale geht ebenso verloren wie die griechischabendlandische Utopie Holderlins.
What Does Political Economy Tell Us About the Dearth of Black Entrepreneurs

There is a historical and consistent lack of parity in the Black community between labor and firms. Various authors have attributed entrepreneur-centered failures and shortcomings as the source of ...
Older Sepsis Survivors Suffer Persistent Disability Burden and Poor Long‐Term Survival

Objectives Sepsis has been called a "disease of the elderly," and as in-hospital mortality has decreased, more sepsis survivors are progressing into poorly characterized long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the current epidemiology of sepsis in older adults compared with middle-aged and young adults. Design Prospective longitudinal study with young (≤45 years), middle-aged (46-64 years), and older (≥65 years) patient groups. Setting University tertiary medical center. Participants A total of 328 adult surgical intensive care unit (ICU) sepsis patients. Measurements Patients were characterized by (1) baseline demographics and predisposition, (2) septic event, (3) hospital outcomes and discharge disposition, (4) 12-month mortality, and (5) Zubrod Performance Status, physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery and handgrip strength), and cognitive function (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Controlled Oral Word Association, and Mini-Mental Status Examination) at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Loss to follow-up was due to death (in 68), consent withdrawal (in 32), and illness and scheduling difficulties: month 3 (in 51), month 6 (in 29), and month 12 (in 20). Results Compared with young and middle-aged patients, older patients had (1) significantly more comorbidities at presentation (eg, chronic renal disease 6% vs 12% vs 21%), intra-abdominal infections (14% vs 25% vs 37%), septic shock (12% vs 25% vs 36%), and organ dysfunctions; (2) higher 30-day mortality (6% vs 4% vs 17%) and fewer ICU-free days (median = 25 vs 23 vs 20); (3) more progression into chronic critical illness (22% vs 34% vs 42%) with higher poor disposition discharge to non-home destinations (19% vs 40% vs 62%); (4) worse 12-month mortality (11% vs 14% vs 33%); and (5) poorer Zubrod Performance Status and objectively measured physical and cognitive functions with only slight improvement over 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Compared with younger patients, older sepsis survivors suffer both a higher persistent disability burden and 12-month mortality.
Regioselective Intramolecular Allene Amidation Enabled by an EDA Complex

The addition of radicals to unsaturated precursors is a powerful tool for the synthesis of both carbo- and heterocyclic organic building blocks. The recent advent of mild ways to generate N-centered radicals has reignited interest in exploiting highly regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective transformations that employ these reactive intermediates. While the additions of aminyl, iminyl, and amidyl radicals to alkenes and alkynes have been well-studied, analogous additions to allenes are scarce. Allenes offer several attractive features, including potential for selective amidation at three distinct sites via judicious choice of precursor or radical source, the opportunity for axial-to-point chirality transfer, and productive trapping of vinyl or allyl radical intermediates to diversify functionality in the products. In this article, we report a regioselective addition of amidyl radicals to allenes to furnish an array of valuable N-heterocycle scaffolds.
Communities of Practice: Art, Play, and Aesthetics in Early Childhood

“This book illuminates ways in which educators and researchers are thinking about the imperative nature of arts, play, and aesthetics.”As a graduate student, former elementary art educator, and mot...
101. Prospective evaluation of degenerative cervical myelopathy in asymptomatic patients over 60 years

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is caused by narrowing of the cervical spinal canal resulting in compression of the spinal cord. The diagnosis of DCM is confirmed by history, physical exam findings, and advanced imaging showing cord compression. Radcliff et al reported the incidence of undiagnosed DCM in hip fracture patients (18%) and elective hip replacement patients (0%) based on history, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score, and physical exam. Other investigators have studied the specificity and sensitivity of physical exam findings for diagnosing DCM and found it to be imperfect, with 21% of patients diagnosed with DCM lacking obvious clinical signs. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed DCM in patients over 60 years by combining history, physical exam, and MRI. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Prospective case series. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients aged 60 years or older without history or current symptoms of DCM. OUTCOME MEASURES Central canal stenosis as measured by MRI, myelopathic symptoms on neurologic exam, and patient-reported outcomes (mJOA and neck disability index [NDI]). METHODS Patients 60 years and older were prospectively enrolled from primary care practices. Patients were excluded if they had a history of debilitating neck pain, inability to have a cervical MRI, neurologic disease, cognitive impairment, or prior cervical spine surgery. A cervical MRI was performed using a 3.0 Tesla imaging system and a cervical coil. NDI and mJOA scores were collected for all patients, as well as a thorough history and physical exam. MRI results were reviewed independently by an orthopedic spine surgeon and neuroradiologist. Central cervical canal stenosis was graded 0-3, with 0 indicating no canal stenosis and 3 indicating spinal cord compression with myelomalacia. Patients were diagnosed with DCM if they had myelopathic history (mJOA RESULTS Eighty patients were included in the study: 39 Males (48.8%) and 41 Females (51.2%). The average age was 68.6 years-old (range 60–90 years). The mean NDI was 2.5%, range 0-24%. The mean mJOA score for the cohort was 17.5 (range 14-18). Two patients (3.8%) had an mJOA score of 16. Two (2.5%) patients had myelomalacia on MRI but were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the prevalence of cervical spinal cord compression in patients 60 years and older with minimal neck pain was found by MRI to be 37.5%. Among these patients, one was diagnosed with DCM, while two others had myelomalacia with a normal physical exam. Our data support the work of other researchers and show that patients may have MRI findings of myelomalacia but remain asymptomatic. This study confirms a small but important prevalence of spinal stenosis and spinal cord compression in patients over 60 who have minimal or no symptoms. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Camp as context for need satisfaction among Native American youth: Examining links to participation quality and quantity

Abstract This study examined relations between participation quality and quantity and youth outcomes associated with Basic Psychological Needs Theory (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, and competence) among 116 Native American youth attending a one-week culturally-tailored summer camp. Participants were 60% female, on average 13.14 (SD = 2.02) years old and had an average of 2.98 (SD = 2.08) years of prior camp experience. Following their camp experience, participants completed measures of participation quality (i.e., the Tiffany-Eckenrode Program Participation Scale) and targeted program outcomes (i.e., the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration scale). The study findings indicated only one dimension of participation quality (personal development) positively predicted levels of autonomy, relatedness, and competence satisfaction. This study provides preliminary support for the potential utility of promoting (personal development) in a residential summer camp for Native American youth.
Fuzzy Control Under Time-Varying Universe and Phase Optimization in Traffic Lights (ICSSE 2020)

As the pace of life accelerates, people are troubled by spending too much time on commuting, and people’s waiting time for travel can be reduced by reasonable strategy of traffic control. Previous research on traffic control mainly focused on timing and ignored the study of phase. For asymmetric or small traffic flow, the common timing project based on single-loop phase structure cannot achieve optimal control. Therefore, this paper proposed a fuzzy control method of traffic light under time-varying universe and the phase structure have been optimized. For asymmetric traffic flow, the phase structure is optimized by adding additional phases to form a double-loop phase structure. In slack hour, the phase structure is optimized by merging phase. Taking an intersection in Jing-Hong city as an example, the feasibility of the method is verified. The results show that the delay of vehicles can be reduced and the traffic capacity of the intersection can be improved by this method.
From Quantifying Vagueness To Pan-niftyism.

In this short paper, we will introduce a simple model for quantifying philosophical vagueness. There is growing interest in this endeavor to quantify vague concepts of consciousness, agency, etc. We will then discuss some of the implications of this model including the conditions under which the quantification of `nifty' leads to pan-nifty-ism. Understanding this leads to an interesting insight - the reason a framework to quantify consciousness like Integrated Information Theory implies (forms of) panpsychism is because there is favorable structure already implicitly encoded in the construction of the quantification metric.
Women in STEM: Ability, preference, and value

Abstract Women are underrepresented in both STEM college majors and STEM jobs. Even with a STEM college degree, women are significantly less likely to work in STEM occupations than their male counterparts. This paper studies the determinants of the gender gap in college major choice and job choice between STEM and non-STEM fields and quantifies how much the gender wage gap can be explained by these choices using an extended Roy Model. I find that men’s ability sorting behavior is statistically stronger than women’s in major choice, yet gender differences in ability and ability sorting together explain only a small portion of the gender gap in STEM majors. The gender gap in STEM occupations cannot be explained by the gender differences in ability or ability sorting. Instead, a part of the gender gap in STEM occupations can be explained by the fact that women are more represented in less Math-intensive STEM majors and graduates from those majors are more likely to be well-matched to and to take jobs in non-STEM occupations. The other part of the gender gap in STEM occupations can be explained by women’s preference over work-life balance and women’s home location. The counterfactual analysis shows that about 13.7% of the gender wage gap among college graduates can be explained by the returns to STEM careers among the non-STEM women in the top 6.7% of the ability distribution.
Natural Language Processing to Identify Cancer Treatments With Electronic Medical Records.

PURPOSEKnowing the treatments administered to patients with cancer is important for treatment planning and correlating treatment patterns with outcomes for personalized medicine study. However, exi...
Peripheral markers of allergen-specific immune activation predict clinical allergy in eosinophilic esophagitis.

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a T-cell-mediated disease that is caused by specific foods and results in esophageal dysfunction. Existing allergy testing modalities are not helpful when attempting to identify EoE-causal foods necessitating empiric food elimination and recurrent endoscopy. The goal of this study was to identify and compare allergen-specific immune features that can be assayed in a minimally invasive manner to predict clinical food allergy in EoE. METHODS We obtained blood samples from control subjects (n = 17), subjects with clinical EoE milk allergy (n = 17), and subjects with immunoglobulin E-mediated milk allergy (n = 9). We measured total and milk-specific plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG)4 levels and peripheral memory CD4+ T helper (TH ) cell proliferation and cytokine production after stimulation with endotoxin-depleted milk proteins. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting clinical EoE milk allergy were calculated and compared between approaches. RESULTS Total and milk-specific IgG4 levels were not significantly different between control subjects and subjects with clinical EoE milk allergy. Stimulation with milk proteins caused TH lymphocytes from subjects with clinical EoE milk allergy to proliferate more (%P1 of 38.3 ± 4.6 vs. 12.7 ± 2.8, p < 0.0001), and produce more type 2 cytokines (%IL-4+ of 33.7 ± 2.8 vs. 6.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.0001) than cells from control subjects. Milk-dependent memory TH -cell proliferation (sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 82%, respectively) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) production (sensitivity and specificity of 100%) most strongly predicted clinical EoE milk allergy. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral markers of allergen-specific immune activation may be useful in identifying EoE-causal foods. Assaying milk-dependent IL-4 production by circulating memory TH lymphocytes most accurately predicts clinical EoE milk allergy.