cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration and Characterization of Estrogen Receptor in Chimpanzee Sex Skin: Correlation between Nuclear Receptor Levels and Degree of Swelling

The presence of cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptors has been demonstrated in chimpanzee sex skin. Both receptors sedimented at approximately 4S in sucrose gradients containing 0.6 M KC1. Both had a steroid specificity and high affinity for estrogen that conform to an estrogen receptor. The absence of such receptors in the pigmented skin surrounding the sex skin and in the abdominal skin indicates their discrete localization in the sex skin. While the cytosol receptor remained low (<10 fm/mg cytosol protein), the nuclear estrogen receptor showed a fluctuation during the menstrual cycle, attaining the highest level during the late follicular phase (90.4 ± 8.4 fmol/mg nuclear extract protein; nearly 3–4 times the level during the early folliculax and luteal phases). When ovariectomized animals were treated with mestranol, the concentration of nuclear estrogen receptor increased from below detection to 74 fmol/mg nuclear extract protein. An increase in serum progesterone during the luteal phase, despite co...
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHETASE IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS: EFFECTS OF HIGH POTASSIUM ION CONCENTRATION ON A TWO COMPONENT ENZYME.

The three reactions of the enzyme tryptophan synthetase have been demonstrated in extracts from Bacillus subtilis. The following characteristics of this enzyme have been shown in these studies. 1. 1. The activity in Reaction 2, the condensation of indole and serine to form tryptophan, is stimulated by K+. Na+ is somewhat less stimulatory, while NH4+ is inhibitory. 2. 2. Thermal inactivation of Reaction 2 activity follows apparent second-order kinetics. The stability increases with increasing K+ and appears to become first order in the presence of 1.0 M KCl. 3. 3. The conversion of indole 3-glycerol phosphate to indole, Reaction 3, shows greater thermal stability than Reaction 2 and also gives a biphasic heat inactivation curve. Reaction 1, the condensation of indole 3-glycerol phosphate and serine to form tryptophan, is the most thermostable of the three reactions under conditions of low K+ concentration. 4. 4. Two components can be separated on Sephadex G-75, one with activity in Reaction 2, and a second fraction which in combination with the Reaction 2 peak shows activity in Reaction 1. 5. 5. Two effects of K+ have been demostrated, the major one on Reaction 2, and a minor one involving the other two reactions. K+ stimulates Reaction 1 activity with parallel decrease in the Reaction 3 activity. The significance to these findings is discussed and possible explanations for the salt effect presented.
Percutaneous Transcholecystic Biliary Interventions Using Gallbladder Anchors: Feasibility Study in the Swine

The purpose of this study was to report our initial experience with a swine model for biliary interventions by using a percutaneous transcholecystic access after suture anchor of the gallbladder. Telepaque tablets were given to five pigs to opacify the gallbladder. Under fluoroscopy, the opacified gallbladder was punctured percutaneously and three suture anchors were used to fix the anterior wall of the gallbladder to the abdominal wall. Two weeks later, the gallbladder was punctured and access into the distal common bile was obtained through the cystic duct. Balloon expandable stents were deployed into the distal common bile duct. Follow-up cholangiograms were obtained at 1 and 2 weeks. Necropsy was performed after 2 weeks to evaluate the relationship between the gallbladder and abdominal wall. Suture anchor placement was successful in all five pigs. One pig with a deep and highly positioned gallbladder developed fever, anorexia, and vomiting secondary to excessive stretch of the gallbladder. Placement of the guidewire through the extremely tortuous and small cystic ducts proved to be the most challenging step of the procedure. Metallic stents were successfully deployed in all four pigs in which it was attempted. Four animals tolerated the procedures without changes in their clinical conditions and no symptoms. Successful follow-up cholangiograms were performed at 1 and 2 weeks post-stent deployment without complications. All stents remained patent during the follow-up period. Necropsy demonstrated close attachment and adherence of the gallbladders to the antero-lateral abdominal wall in all four animals. Suture anchoring of the gallbladder is feasible in most pigs with superficially located gallbladders. This technique allows a safe and repeat access into the biliary system using a transcholecystic approach.
Reaction of uranium hexafluoride gas with alumina and zirconia at elevated temperatures

Alumina and zirconia are considered for potential use in uranium hexafluoride (UF6) based nuclear gaseous-core reactors. The corrosion reactions of these oxide ceramics in high-temperature UF6 environment were investigated. Chemical thermodynamic analysis of the reactions was performed by using a computer data base and code package, FACT, to identify stoichiometric products. An alumina reaction tube in a flowing loop test unit was used to expose alumina and calcia-stabilized zirconia samples to UF, at temperatures from 873 to 1473 K and pressures of about 20.0 to 20.7 k Pa. Chemical reaction rates were measured by a discontinuous gravimetric method. X-ray diffraction and EDS analyses and SEM microstructural examination identified corrosion products and the morphology of the exposed surfaces. Results indicate that reactions were not inhibited or slowed down for either oxide. At 1273 K and below, alumina samples formed stable AIF3 scales and showed acceptable compatibility with UF6. The rate of UF6 reaction with alumina and weight loss dramatically increased at 1473 K. Zirconia samples failed to resist degradation and reacted rapidly with UF6 at 1073 K. The maximum service temperatures for alumina and zirconia in UF6 environment do not seem to exceed 1273 and 973 K, respectively.
Results on Biorthogonal Filter Banks

Abstract For a maximally decimated nonuniform filter bank, the perfect reconstruction (PR) property is equivalent to biorthogonality. We start from this result and derive a number of properties of PR filter banks. For example, no two integer decimators in a biorthogonal system can be coprime; moreover, if all analysis and synthesis filters have unit energy, then perfect reconstruction is equivalent to orthonormality. We also generalize the Nyquist and power complementary properties of orthonormal filter banks, for the biorthogonal case. We then show that whenever the decimation ratios are such that biorthogonality is possible with rational filters, it is, in particular, possible to obtain orthonormality with rational filters. This is done by developing an orthonormalization procedure. While reminiscent of the Gram–Schmidt approach, the procedure converges in a finite number of steps and furthermore preserves the filter-bank-like form of the basis functions. We also show how this technique can be applied for the decorrelation of subband signals. We will consider the problem of alias cancellation and obtain a generalization of a previously known necessary condition called compatibility.
Highly abnormal maternal inhibin and β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels along with severe HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome at 17 weeks’ gestation with triploidy*

A 17-week pregnancy complicated by severe hypertension is reported. The fetus had multiple anomalies and was found to have triploidy. Assay of maternal serum markers for trisomy 21 revealed elevated levels of inhibin (137.51 multiples of the median) and human chorionic gonadotropin (41.51 multiples of the median).
Stereoscopic CAD and Environmental Sculpture: Enhancement of the Design Process in the Visual Arts

In this paper, co-authors Robert Fisher and Pier Luigi Bandini describe their personal observations concerning stereo enhancements of computer graphics images employed in their research. in Part One, Robert Fisher, a professional sculptor, Professor and Artist-in-Residence in the College of Engineering at Penn State, cites three recent environmental sculpture projects: "See-scape," "A Page from the Book of Skies," and an as yet untitled work. Wireframe images, interior views of architectural spaces, and complex imagery are rendered comprehensible by stereo 3-D. In Part Two, Pier L. Bandini, Associate Professor of Architecture and Director of the Architecture CAD Lab at Penn State, describes the virtues of the stereo-enhanced wireframe model--the benefits of the "see-through coupled with a complete awareness of the whole space." The final example, of a never-realized XVIII-century project, suggests a new and profound application of stereo 3-D to historical inquiry, namely, the experience of ancient spaces and structures that are no longer existing or that were never constructed.
The early actinopterygian fauna of the Manning Canyon Shale Formation (upper Mississippian, lower Pennsylvanian) of Utah, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT The Manning Canyon Shale Formation (upper Mississippian/lower Pennsylvanian) of Central Utah is well known for its diverse flora, but not its vertebrate fauna. The previously described vertebrates from the Manning Canyon Shale are a tooth from a cladodont shark, an acanthodian, and a microsaur. Here, the known vertebrate diversity is expanded with the description of early actinopterygian fishes. The actinopterygian ichthyofauna consists of two new species of ‘palaeoniscoid’ fishes, Spinofacia pectinatus and Guntherichthys lehiensis, and a new aeduellid species, Bourbonnella jocelynae. Spinofacia pectinatus is characterized by the presence of extra lateral gulars (the only documented case outside the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana) and extra-oral denticles on various dermal bones of the skull, whereas Guntherichthys lehiensis is distinguished by scales with slightly rounded posterior margins. The new aeduellid, Bourbonnella jocelynae, is now the earliest known aeduellid and the second occurrence ...
Expression of the ROS1 oncogene for tyrosine receptor kinase in adult human meningiomas

Oncogenes have been implicated in the promotion and progression of cancer in humans. Expression of the ROS1 oncogene, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily, was examined in human meningiomas by coupled reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Two sets of region-specific oligonucleotides, specific for different regions of the ROS1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), were used in RT-PCR assays to independently examine ROS1 transcripts from primary human meningiomas. ROS1 was expressed at high levels in approximately 55% (17 of 31) of the meningiomas examined, but not expressed in non-neoplastic brain samples. The commonplace expression of the ROS1 oncogene in meningiomas suggests a role for this oncogene in the etiology of these tumors.
Born Again: Arendt's “Natality” as Figure and Concept

Hannah Arendt introduces “natality” as a conceptual moment when one is born into the political as the sphere where acting together can create the truly unexpected. I argue that this new conception of freedom in The Human Condition draws its strength from a philosophical and rhetorical transformation of the question of the definition of man in theology and the natural sciences. I follow the lead of scholars who highlight Arendt's relation to Heidegger and Augustine, but my method of close reading—I offer the first examination of each appearance of the term “natality” in The Human Condition—leads me to show how Arendt's engagement with philosophical anthropologist Arnold Gehlen opens the space for alternative conceptions of freedom. The figurative and corporeal insistence of her writing, enacted in an embrace of the materiality of language, not only indicates liberation from the strictures of the empirical (as one expects from a philosophical concept) but also demonstrates ways in which the unexpected can a...
Body powered anthropomorphic prosthetic hand with force feedback and auto-rotation regimes

Currently available prosthetic hand devices suffer from lack of voluntary wrist movement or are prohibitively expensive. A prosthetic hand was designed as a potential low-cost alternative to these models. The hand incorporates a body powered shoulder harness for generating grip force and adds a motor housed in the wrist for axial rotation of the wrist, which can be manually controlled by pressure switches worn on the user's toes. Additionally, a microcontroller uses infrared signals emitted from the wrist to auto-rotate the palm towards the nearest detected object when this mode is turned on. The design represents a considerable advantage in terms of functionality and cost over available commercial models.
Abstract 4624: Cleavage of HER2 by phenethyl isothiocyanate mediates apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Her2 is a well established marker of breast cancer and found to be overexpressed in around 20-30% of cases. It plays role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance leading to poor prognosis and survival. Therefore development of novel agents targeting Her2 is highly imminent. Based on several epidemiological and experimental evidences, isothiocyanates have been shown to have anticancer effects. We evaluated the effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in breast cancer cells. Treatment with PEITC for 24h significantly suppressed the survival of both MCF-7 (estrogen dependent) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen independent) cells in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 of about 12µM and 8µM respectively. Substantial apoptosis by PEITC treatment was observed in both the cell lines. Interestingly, PEITC treatment after 24h drastically reduced Her2 expression. The decrease in Her2 expression by PEITC treatment correlated with the cleavage of Her2. The low molecular weight fragments of Her2 increased with increasing PEITC concentration. Caspase-3 specific inhibitor blocked PEITC-mediated cleavage of Her2 and apoptosis indicating the involvement of caspase-3 in the cleavage of Her2. Her2 fragments have been shown to induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In agreement, our results show the cleavage of Bid and increase in Bax level, whereas the expression of Bcl-XL was down regulated. Further, PEITC treatment resulted in the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, activating caspase 9/3 and PARP cleavage. Taken togther, our results suggests that cleavage of Her2 by PEITC activates mitochondrial death pathway in breast cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies are in progress. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4624. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4624
Quantum mechanical hamiltonian models of turing machines

Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models, which represent an aribtrary but finite number of steps of any Turing machine computation, are constructed here on a finite lattice of spin-1/2 systems. Different regions of the lattice correspond to different components of the Turing machine (plus recording system). Successive states of any machine computation are represented in the model by spin configuration states. Both time-independent and time-dependent Hamiltonian models are constructed here. The time-independent models do not dissipate energy or degrade the system state as they evolve. They operate close to the quantum limit in that the total system energy uncertainty/computation speed is close to the limit given by the time-energy uncertainty relation. However, the model evolution is time global and the Hamiltonian is more complex. The time-dependent models do not degrade the system state. Also they are time local and the Hamiltonian is less complex.
Spatial summation of pre-pain and pain in human teeth.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to investigate the relation between the sensations of pain and ‘pre-pain’ evoked by stimulation of teeth in human subjects. Electrical pulses of progressively increasing amplitude, generated by a computer-controlled stimulator, were applied to 1 or 2 teeth, and the subjects responded by indicating the nature of the resulting sensation. Pre-pain and pain could be readily and rapidly distinguished by all 11 subjects (response latency about 0.4 sec). Both sensations had stable thresholds with relatively small variance (S.D. 10–15% of threshold value) for a given subject. Subjects characterized the stimuli as indifferent or unpleasant, localized, and brief. By using special stimulation strategies (termed ‘optimal trajectories’) for exciting 2 teeth simultaneously, spatial summation for pre-pain was demonstrated in most subjects and for pain in almost all subjects. Spatial summation of pre-pain resulted in pain rather than in more intense pre-pain. These results are consistent with both the dual modality (separate afferent fibers for pre-pain and pain) and the single modality hypotheses (single type of afferent fibers) of tooth pulp sensibility, but favor single modality innervation.
An animal model of the relationship between systemic hypertension and repetitive episodic hypoxia as seen in sleep apnoea.

SUMMARY Multiple factors may be responsible for acute and chronic blood pressure changes during obstructive sleep apnoea. A popular hypothesis is that recurrent episodic hypoxia stimulates chemoreceptors which, in turn, cause sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction and perhaps long-term vascular remodelling. Disruption of sleep architecture secondary to frequent arousals may also cause chronic stress which may contribute to diurnal hypertension. A less likely factor elevating blood pressure is the effect of abrupt intra-thoracic pressure changes on venous return and cardiac output. The rat responds to chronic, recurrent episodic hypocapnic hypoxia (12-s bursts of nitrogen followed by air into Plexiglas chambers, every 30 s, 7h d-1, 2–4% nadir ambient oxygen) with sustained increase in diurnal blood pressure (10–14 mmHg). Subsequent studies reveal that carotid sinus nerve section (chemodener-vation) and chemically induced peripheral sympathetic denervation with the neurotoxin 6-OH dopamine both eliminate this blood pressure-elevating effect of chronic episodic hypoxaemia. Using this model, Sprague-Dawley rats have been challenged with both eucapnic hypoxia and asphyxia and failed to show an additional blood pressure elevation above that caused by hypoxia (hypocapnic) alone. It appears that hypocapnic hypoxia creates a maximal stimulus to the sympathetic nervous system to which the addition of hypercarbia does not increase the blood pressure response. An alternative explanation is that the rat has protective mechanisms that limit the diurnal blood pressure response from further increase.
Evaluation of scaling in large angle pp elastic scattering

Abstract In disagreement with previous claims we find no convincing indication for fixed angle scaling in the existing pp elastic scattering data. The scaling relation d σ d t = s −n F(cosθ) is approximately valid with n ≈ 9.3 for low and intermediate energy data with θ ⩾ 70°. However, high energy data have a more rapis energy dependence ( n ≈ 10) and the corresponding n values vary with θ. An analysis of the data at fixed t in terms of an effective Regge trajectory is also performed.
Biosynthesis of (10R)-juvenile hormone III from farnesoic acid by Aedes aegypti ovary

Synthesis of (10R)-juvenile hormone III (JH III) outside the corpora allata (CA) was investigated in female Aedes aegypti. Intact females or ligated abdomens of blood-fed and sugar-fed females synthesized in vivo [12-3H]JH III-like molecules from [12-3H]-methyl farnesoate, indicating that an organ(s) in the female abdomen, other than the CA, converted methyl farnesoate into JH III. To find out the organ(s) that synthesized JH III-like molecules, ovaries, fat bodies, and midguts were incubated in vitro with [12-3H]methyl farnesoate and the synthesis of JH III-like molecules was compared with JH III synthesized by CA. To identify tissue(s) having both farnesoic acid methyl transferase and farnesoate epoxidase, enzymes that convert farnesoic acid into JH III, ovaries, and fat bodies were removed from sugar and blood-fed females and incubated with [12-3H]farnesoic acid. Chemical derivatization by methoxyhydrin formation followed by esterification with (+)-α-methoxy- α-trifluoromethyl phenylacetic (MTPA) acid chloride and reversed phase liquid chromatography identified (10R)-JH III methoxyhydrin (+)-MTPA ester as the sole JH III-like molecule produced in tissue culture incubation of ovaries. Since only (10R)-JH III is produced and not racemic JH III, the oxidation of farnesoic acid must be enzymatically mediated. Ovaries and corpora allata of female A. aegypti also synthesized [3H,14C]JH III from L-[methyl-3H]methionine and [14C]acetate which was characterized by HPLC and gas chromatography. These results suggest that mosquito ovary can synthesize (10R)-JH III from farnesoic acid, and that this tissue synthesizes JH III-like molecules from L-methionine and acetate. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Antagonism of prostaglandin-promoted pituitary cyclic AMP accumulation and growth hormone secretion in vitro by 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid.

The studies reported here confirm the previously observed potent stimulus to growth hormone (GH) secretion by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Proportional increments in GH secretion were observed following in vitro addition of PGE1 over a concentration range of 10−7 to 10−5 M. Growth hormone secretion could not be further stimulated by higher concentrations of prostaglandin. Prostaglandin E1 also increased cyclic AMP concentration in the pituitary explants in a proportional fashion, which correlated closely with its potency as a growth hormone secretogogue. In order to define more precisely the mechanism by which prostaglandin acts, the effects of prostaglandin antagonist, 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid, on GH secretion and cyclic AMP accumulation were investigated. Addition of the antagonist alone had no consistent effects on GH secretion or cyclic AMP levels in the pituitary. However, the antagonist significantly reduced the stimulation of hormone release and cyclic AMP accumulation found following addition of PGE1. Increasing the concentration of antagonist further diminished prostaglandin stimulated hormone release and nucleotide accumulation. The antagonist failed to block the stimulatory effects of theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on GH release, indicating that the inhibition observed occurred prior to intracellular accumulation of the cyclic nucleotide. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a prostaglandin receptor on the pituitary somatotrope is linked to the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system.
Impact of uterine myomas on IVF outcome

Many studies have provided evidence that uterine myomas have a significant effect on IVF outcomes and there is a large body of evidence that treatment of uterine myomas increases fertility and pregnancy rates, and decreases the rate of pregnancy loss. The evidence supports treatment of all very large myomas (>7 cm) and any cavity-deforming submucosal myomas. Thus, sonohysterography should be considered an invaluable tool in the management of IVF patients with fibroids. While subserosal myomas that are smaller than 7 cm in size and intramural myomas of less than 4–5 cm in diameter appear to have little effect on IVF outcomes, larger intramural and subserosal myomas present a clinical dilemma and more studies are needed to clarify a definitive plan for management.
Underwater vehicle control from a virtual environment interface

This paper describes a collaborative research effort initiated by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Stanford Aerospace Robotics Laboratory (ARL), and NASA Ames Research Center. The goal of this joint effort was to develop an experimental system which demonstrates real-time supervisory control of an underwater vehicle from an interactive, 3-D graphical interface.
Leadership for Restructured Schools: What Is Necessary?

What is the status of the restructuring movement? Where is it headed? What will it take to get there? What skills are necessary for principals? These writers offer some answers.
Emotional well-being of Taiwan students in the U.S.: An examination of pre-to post-arrival differential

Abstract This paper examines the pre- to post-arrival change in emotional well-being of a group of 171 Taiwan students in the U.S. Emotional well-being was measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies —Depression Scale. A multidimensional model postulated to be predictive of change in emotional well-being consisted of pre-arrival well-being, demographics, personality, presence and severity of problems experienced, change of pre- to post-arrival level of control, adequacy of pre-arrival preparation, size of the Chinese community surrounding the student, social support, language competence, and adequacy of financial resources. Over half of the students experienced decline in emotional well-being, while the remainder reported no change or improved mood level. Using a discriminant function, the model variables correctly classified 76% of the cases. Important determinants of group membership were reported levels ofpre-arrival mood, interpersonal problems, social support far away, pre-departure preparation, and academic problems. Predictors of degree of mood change are explored. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The importance of trade and exchange rate policies for agriculture in Ecuador

Abstract The economic growth of Ecuador's agricultural sector relative to the rest of the economy over the last two decades is analysed, with special emphasis given to the economic adjustment of the 1980s. While exogenous shocks to the sector from changes in the weather and world prices had significant shortterm impacts, they cannot explain the long-term performance of Ecuadorean agriculture. The key to understanding long-term sectoral growth trends is the policy matrix implemented by the Ecuadorean government and its impact on production incentives. This article examines the extent to which the performance of the agricultural sector was a predictable consequence of macroeconomic policy.
Deposition of fiber in a human airway replica

Abstract Fiber is a notorious occupational hazard. Exposures to airborne asbestos fiber in the workplace increase the incidence of lung cancer for asbestos workers. Due to the lack of experimental data, the nature of fiber deposition in the human airway is unclear. In this study, a set of experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of fiber dimension and fiber inertia on the deposition pattern in the human airway replica. The deposition study was conducted by delivering aerosolized carbon fibers into the replica at constant inspiratory flow rates of 15–60 l/min. The results showed that impaction is the dominant deposition mechanism in this study. Most of the high-inertia fibers deposited in the oropharynx and the carina ridges of the bifurcations in tracheobronchial airways. A series of fiber deposition patterns were obtained and the deposition efficiencies were acquired for certain regions in the human airway replica.
Petrology and geochemistry of boninite series volcanic rocks from the Mariana trench

Boninite series volcanic rocks have been recovered from three dredge hauls on the inner slope of the Mariana Trench. These hauls included olivine boninites, boninites, boninitic andesites and boninitic dacites, as well as island arc tholeiitic basalts and andesites. The boninite series volcanics range from 52 to 68% SiO2, and are characterized by very low abundances of high-field-strength cations and heavy-rare-earth elements. Boninites and olivine boninites have phenocrysts of olivine and orthopyroxene, the andesites phenocrysts of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, and the dacites orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase. Most of the major and trace element variation in the series from boninite to boninitic dacite can be modelled by fractionation of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase in the proportions 2.5∶4∶1∶2, leaving 47% residual liquid. The fractionation must be in part open-system: reverse zoned phenocrysts, resorbed olivine and plagioclase xenocrysts, and bulk rock compositions which cannot be fit by simple closed system crystallization indicate some magma mixing and phenocryst accumulation. Two boninitic magma stems can be identified, with similar high-field-strength element abundances, but different amounts of Ca, Na, Al and light-rare-earth elements. There is also evidence for a magma stem transitional in chemistry from the boninites to arc tholeiites. The compositions of these boninites are consistent with hypotheses for boninite formation by partial melting of a depleted mantle mixed with an incompatible element enriched fluid. The Mariana forearc boninite series lacks a strong iron enrichment, but produces andesites with lower Ti, Al and Y/Zr, and higher Mg, Ni and Cr than typical calcalkaline arc andesites and dacites. Boninites in the Mariana system were erupted only in the earliest phases of subduction zone activity.
IV.—On Various Crystalline Rocks

Crystalline rocks containing neither felspar nor olivine have received but little or no attention, except from one or two American geologists. Dr. G. H. Williams has recently drawn attention to these rocks, of which he proposes to constitute a family of Pyroxenites coordinate with Rosenbusch's family of Peridotites; and has described from Maryland and North Carolina a type consisting entirely of monoclinic and rhombic pyroxenes, to which he gives the name Websterite. The occurrence of a similar rock in Northern Italy seems worth recording. Our specimens were collected by Mr. E. J. Garwood.
Limits of validity for the Vavilov energy straggling calculation

Abstract A discussion of the present situation on the calculation of the energy straggling of heavy charged particles in relatively thin absorbers is given. In particular, a guide for the regions of validity of the Vavilov formula is given; and a warning concerning the use of the computer program STRAGL is noted.
Hypothalamic GABAA receptor blockade modulates cerebral cortical systems sensitive to acute stressors.

Pharmacologic blockade of GABA binding sites in the hypothalamus elicits a pattern of physiological and behavioral arousal. The latter outcome implicates a perturbation in the neural functioning of higher brain centers. The effect that hypothalamic GABAA receptor modulation has on the function of cerebral cortical neural substrates linked with responses to stressors was assessed using microinfusion of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) into the medial hypothalamus of freely moving, handling habituated rats. BMI led to rapid increases in frontal cortical dopamine (DA) utilization (calculated from the sum of the levels of the DA metabolites, homovanilic and dihydroxyphenylacetic acids, divided by DA levels) resembling that identified following restraint-induced stress. Also, cortical GABAA receptor function [using chloride (Cl−) enhancement of3H-flunitrazepam (Flu) binding as an index] was disrupted; i.e. there was a loss of typical Cl− enhancement of3H-Flu binding in animals after BMI infusions. However, placing animals in restraint after BMI infusion reversed the effects of BMI, with both DA utilization and Cl− facilitated3H-Flu binding similar to control basal values. Muscimol infusions in separately prepared animals did not alter either frontal cortical DA utilization or GABAA receptor function. The present results implicate GABA in the hypothalamus as “gating” activity of cortical systems involved in sensation of and/or responses to stressors. These findings may have important implications for effects of autonomic arousal on neural substrates involved in mediating stress responses.
Approximate pseudoinverse solutions to ill-conditioned linear systems

A new method for the numerical solution to ill-conditioned systems of linear equations based on the matrix pseudoinverse is presented. Some illustrative numerical results are provided.
Ultraprecise measurement of resonance shift for sensing applications

Resonator-based optical sensors detect the change of refractive index in the environment by measuring the resonance shift. The sensitivity of such sensors is determined by how precise one can locate the resonant wavelength, which is thought to be limited by the bandwidth and the quality factor of the resonator. Here we show that, with a tunable resonator, one can determine the resonant wavelength with ultrahigh precision. Using a silicon microring resonator with an embedded p-i-n junction for electro-optic tuning, whose quality factor is only 14,000, we measured the resonant wavelength with a resolution of 0.06 pm, which corresponds to an index sensitivity of ∼10−7. This resonance measurement for sensing purposes can be done using a fixed-wavelength laser.
The brown longitudinal obsessive compulsive study: treatments received and patient impressions of improvement.

Objective The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent to which individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) received recommended doses of treatment and perceived a response to these treatments. Method Participants were 293 adults with primary OCD (DSM-IV) who were enrolled in the Brown Longitudinal Obsessive Compulsive Study, a naturalistic, prospective study of course in OCD. Data were collected at intake interviews between June 2001 and October 2004. Patient impressions of response to treatments received were assessed using the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale-patient version. Results Of the 182 participants taking recommended doses of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) at intake, 112 (62%) rated themselves as being very much or much improved. The remaining participants rated themselves as minimally improved, unchanged, or worse while taking recommended doses of SRIs. These participants (N = 70) reported receiving their current SRI for a mean (SD) of 2.7 (3.2) years. Twelve (29%) of the 42 participants receiving neuroleptic augmentation of SRIs reported a response. Thirty-eight percent of the sample received the recommended number of 13 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) lifetime. Only 24% reported completing a continuous course of 13 weekly sessions. Eighteen (67%) of the 27 participants who received a course of CBT in the past year rated themselves as very much or much improved. Conclusions In this large, naturalistic study of OCD, over one third of participants receiving recommended doses of SRIs did not perceive substantial long-term benefit from pharmaco-therapy. Relatively few participants received recommended doses of CBT. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
A rule-based categorization deficit in Alzheimer's disease?

This study examined the categorization processes that Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients use during assessments of semantic memory. Rule-based categorization involves the careful, analytic processing of strict criteria to determine category membership, particularly for items from graded categories with ambiguous category membership; similarity-based categorization requires an overall comparison of a test stimulus with a prototype or remembered exemplar of the category and is relatively effective for the rapid categorization of items with unambiguous category membership. To assess these processes in AD, patients were asked to decide the category membership of test stimuli for categories with poorly defined or fuzzy boundaries (e.g., VEGETABLE) and for categories with well-defined boundaries (e.g., FEMALE) and then to judge the representativeness of the test stimulus for its chosen category. A subgroup of AD patients demonstrated a typical pattern of impaired semantic memory compared to healthy control subjects; that is, difficulty deciding the category membership of test items from fuzzy categories. Among these patients, we found no deficit in category membership decisions about items taken from well-defined categories. We also found that AD patients and healthy controls do not differ in their representativeness judgments of items within a correctly judged category. These findings are most consistent with the hypothesis that rule-based categorization difficulty limits semantic memory in AD.
The design and evaluation of an interactive geo-data analysis and display system

An interactive geo-data analysis and display system (GADS) has been implemented to support research on man-computer problem-solving. The focus is on problems involving data which can be related to a geographical location. The research goal is to develop systems which non-programmers can use to apply job-specific experience to the definition and solution of instructured problems. The systems must enable users to select, display, manipulate, and interpret data in a sequence which they determine during interaction. To support this requirement GADS provides a data extraction technique for accessing data stored in a variety of files, and a set of data analysis and display functions for conversational problem exploration and solution. In a case-study evaluation, police officers used GADS to solve a manpower allocation problem. The evaluation results identify user characteristics which the system must support and illustrate the value of interactive-problem solving systems.A video tape will show the architecture of the system and will illustrate its use in a manpower allocation problem.
Assessing the Total Effect of Time-Varying Predictors in Prevention Research

Observational data are often used to address prevention questions such as, "If alcohol initiation could be delayed, would that in turn cause a delay in marijuana initiation?" This question is concerned with the total causal effect of the timing of alcohol initiation on the timing of marijuana initiation. Unfortunately, when observational data are used to address a question such as the above, alternative explanations for the observed relationship between the predictor, here timing of alcohol initiation, and the response abound. These alternative explanations are due to the presence of confounders. Adjusting for confounders when using observational data is a particularly challenging problem when the predictor and confounders are time-varying. When time-varying confounders are present, the standard method of adjusting for confounders may fail to reduce bias and indeed can increase bias. In this paper, an intuitive and accessible graphical approach is used to illustrate how the standard method of controlling for confounders may result in biased total causal effect estimates. The graphical approach also provides an intuitive justification for an alternate method proposed by James Robins [Robins, J. M. (1998). 1997 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, section on Bayesian statistical science (pp. 1-10). Retrieved from http://www.biostat.harvard.edu/robins/research.html; Robins, J. M., Hernan, M., & Brumback, B. (2000). Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560]. The above two methods are illustrated by addressing the motivating question. Implications for prevention researchers who wish to estimate total causal effects using longitudinal observational data are discussed.
Nonpolar lipids of Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. 2. Unsaturated esters and free fatty acids, sterols, and triterpenols

An earlier paper on the nonpolar lipids of Amaranthus palmeri described the compositions of the saturated fatty alcohol and wax ester components of the leaves and flowering parts. In this paper, the compositions of esters containing unsaturated acyl moieties (triglycerides, steryl esters, and terpenol esters), as determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis, are presented. In addition, the free fatty acid, sterol, and triterpenol components were characterized. The triglycerides constituted the major class of esters. The major hydroxylated constituents were palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids and the sterol chondrillasterol. The sterols campesterol, stigmasterol, ergost-7-en-3β-ol, chondrillast-7-enol, and 24-ethylidenecholest-7-en-3β-ol and the triterpenols β-and α-amyrin, lupeol, cycloartenol, and 24-methylenecycloartenol were present in lesser quantities. Keywords: Lipid; Amaranthus palmeri; fatty acid; sterol; triterpenol; column chromatography; thin-layer chromatograph...
Extending SMO into the lens pupil domain

As semiconductor lithography is pushed to smaller dimensions, the process yields tend to suffer due to subwavelength imaging effects. In response, resolution enhancement technologies have been employed together with optimization techniques, specifically source mask optimization (SMO), which finely tunes the process by simultaneously optimizing the source shape and mask features. However, SMO has a limitation in that it fails to compensate for undesired phase effects. For mask features on the order of the wavelength, the topography of the mask can induce aberrations which bring asymmetry to the focus-exposure matrix (FEM) and ultimately decrease the process window. This paper examines the dependency of FEM asymmetry on factors such as the illumination coherency and lens induced spherical aberration. It is shown that lens induced primary spherical aberration strongly impacts the symmetry of the FEM. In this work, phase correction is achieved by incorporating the pupil plane in an optimization. It is shown that primary spherical aberration can correct for effects including the degraded depth of focus and the tilt in the FEM for a dual trench mask. A pupil function with an optimized coefficient of primary spherical aberration balances the spherical aberration induced by the mask topography.
Amplitude propagation in slowly varying trains of shear-flow instability waves

L'analogue de la loi de Whitham pour la conservation de la densite d'action d'onde est calculee dans le cas des ondes d'instabilite de Rayleigh
Asymptotic methods in the theory of nonlinear stochastic oscillations

We study applications of asymptotic methods of nonlinear mechanics and the method of Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations to stochastic oscillations in quasilinear oscillating systems with random perturbations.
Risky Drinking and Driving/Riding Decisions: The Role of Previous Experience.

Factors related to risky drinking and driving/riding decisions were explored by presenting vignettes to 135 older adolescents, 17-24 years of age, with vignettes related to drinking and other social behaviors engaged in at a party. Analyses revealed that alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes toward the acceptability of drinking and driving, and previous drinking and driving/riding experiences were all significant predictors of decisions about driving or riding while intoxicated. Indeed, the overall model accounted for 46% of risky drinking and driving/riding decisions. As predicted, older respondents had more previous experiences with driving while intoxicated and riding with intoxicated drivers than did younger respondents, and they reported that drinking and driving was more acceptable among their peers. However, contrary to expectations, there were no differences in the number of risky decisions made by the two age groups or between males and females. The importance of previous experiences is discussed.
Abstract 436: Cell surface HSPA8/HSc70 influences invasive tumor cell phenotype

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The mechanisms involved in tumor dissemination and metastasis are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we used a subtractive immunization approach to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against proteins preferentially expressed by the highly metastatic human cell line, M4A4. In vitro selection assays selected an antibody that significantly inhibited the migration of this cell line. This antibody was used to immunopurify, and identify the specific target as heat shock 70kDa protein 8 (HSPA8/ HSc70). Protein expression levels of HSPA8 correlated with different cell clones metastatic ability. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry revealed a cell surface location of HSPA8. The migratory potential of M4A4 cells was similarly reduced by knocking down HSPA8 using siRNA technology, confirming a potential role for this protein in an aggressive tumor cell phenotype. Analysis of gene expression profiles of several clones with reduced HSPA8 expression revealed approximately 200 genes as being regulated by HSPA8, including several that code for putative metastatic factors. Heat shock proteins are primarily implicated in a cytoprotective role when cells are exposed to stressful stimuli. They are intracellular molecular chaperones but are also found in the surface of embryonic stem cells and a variety of tumor cells. HSPA8 is moderately induced by heat shock, in response to which it translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus. Immune modulators (like IFN-γ and IL-10) stimulate the release of intracellular HSPA8 from tumors. Extracellular heat shock proteins have recently been shown to mediate a range of powerful effects in inflammatory, neuronal and immune cells through a number of cell surface receptors. The mechanism by which blocking cell surface HSPA8 protein inhibits tumor cell migration and influences the invasive phenotype is currently under investigation. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 436.
Interaction of rat liver alanine aminotransferase with L-proline.

Abstract A recent report from this laboratory ( Segal, Abraham,and Schatz, 1968 ) described some in vitro stability studies with rat liver alanine aminotransferase in which it was found that L-proline protected the enzyme against heat denaturation better than any other amino acid tested. It was of interest to us to pursue this observation in order to decide whether the interaction was at the active site, and if so whether a complex was formed with the pyridoxal moiety. The results allow us to conclude that L-proline does interact with the prosthetic group and to speculate about the nature of the complex and its relationship to normal intermediates in the transamination reaction.
Introducing Sustainability Early Into Manufacturing Process Planning

In response to the global trend towards implementing sustainable manufacturing practices, we put forth an exploratory approach that uses energy monitoring as a means to introduce sustainability criteria early into manufacturing process planning. Typically cost, quality and time are the indices for manufacturability assessment in generating manufacturing process plans. In this paper, we propose the idea of introducing sustainability to complement cost, quality and time to arrive at alternative sustainable plans in identified manufacturing processes. To be sustainable, it is pertinent that manufacturing firms understand the energy consumption of different manufacturing equipment used to produce products. This will enable industry to implement energy reduction processes in a more effective manner and pave the way for improved and alternate manufacturing solutions. The paper presents the potential utility of energy usage readings in the interest of continuing dialogue and collaboration.