cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of a Chinese/English Dual Language Program in New York City

This paper aims to review a Chinese/English Dual Language model in the U.S. The Chinese/English Dual Language program is a relatively new, but promising and fast-growing, language model to foster bilingualism in the context of U.S. education. This paper first provides the rationale for the study and then, an overview of the bilingual educational models currently available in the U.S. with elaboration on the Dual Language model. This study adopted a mixed method approach. Teacher interviews, classroom observation and field notes were collected for qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data includes the descriptive statistical analysis on the Chinese and English literacy materials currently available at the school. The Chinese/English Dual Language model informs the heterogeneity in Chinese educational models. The study discusses the development of the program, its challenges, and the significance and implications of the Chinese/English Dual Language model to Chinese education. The paper calls for greater resources and support from policy makers, educators, and administrators to further strengthen the model.
Imaging Using Lenses

There are several acoustic imaging systems which are designed to respond to the energy coming from a point source in the form of a spherically diverging wave. The field pattern of a given object can be thought of as a large number of point sources — each with a different amplitude and phase. Thus, if the imaging system can sequentially receive energy from each of these points on the image we can build up the entire pattern. In this chapter we will describe three such systems in order to give the reader some appreciation of the variety of ideas that have evolved. Each system uses a lens to focus on the point source and the scanning is carried out either by mechanical motion of the object through this focal point or by “electronic scanning” wherein the phase of the incoming signal as collected by an array is carefully adjusted to synthesize a spherical lens.
The Creation of Videos by Marketing Students: An Exploration of Attitudes and Motivations in a Capstone Course

Given the rapid growth of social media and particularly online use of video for marketing purposes, it is important to evaluate how much exposure and skill development in video development marketing students should possess upon degree completion. Nearly all marketing courses do not include a video development project despite the rapid growth of this medium in marketing. This may be attributed to the traditional discipline boundaries which position video production elsewhere. This chapter provides one approach with which a marketing instructor may integrate a video creation project into a college marketing course. The project exposes students to script-writing, storyboarding, shooting and editing raw footage, and most importantly identifying the goal of the video. Additionally, we provide insight into student attitudes regarding this experience and offer suggestions for improvement. We hope that this chapter fosters discussion of this issue and potentially greater use of video development in the discipline of marketing.
Cost and Complications of Percutaneous Fixation of Hand Fractures in a Procedure Room Versus the Operating Room

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of metacarpal and phalanx fractures performed in the operating room (OR) versus the procedure room of ...
Arranging eukaryotic nuclear DNA polymerases for replication: Specific interactions with accessory proteins arrange Pols α, δ, and ϵ in the replisome for leading-strand and lagging-strand DNA replication

Biochemical and cryo-electron microscopy studies have just been published revealing interactions among proteins of the yeast replisome that are important for highly coordinated synthesis of the two DNA strands of the nuclear genome. These studies reveal key interactions important for arranging DNA polymerases α, δ, and ϵ for leading and lagging strand replication. The CMG (Mcm2-7, Cdc45, GINS) helicase is central to this interaction network. These are but the latest examples of elegant studies performed in the recent past that lead to a much better understanding of how the eukaryotic replication fork achieves efficient DNA replication that is accurate enough to prevent diseases yet allows evolution.
Methods for the Detection, Study, and Dynamic Profiling of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation

The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification found in all multicellular organisms. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is inducible and regulates a myriad of physiological and pathological processes. However, understanding the diverse functions of O-GlcNAcylation is often challenging due to the difficulty of detecting and quantifying the modification. Thus, robust methods to study O-GlcNAcylation are essential to elucidate its key roles in the regulation of individual proteins, complex cellular processes, and disease. In this chapter, we describe a set of chemoenzymatic labeling methods to (1) detect O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of interest, (2) monitor changes in both the total levels of O-GlcNAcylation and its stoichiometry on proteins of interest, and (3) enable mapping of O-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues within proteins to facilitate functional studies. First, we outline a procedure for the expression and purification of a multiuse mutant galactosyltransferase enzyme (Y289L GalT). We then describe the use of Y289L GalT to modify O-GlcNAc residues with a functional handle, N-azidoacetylgalactosamine (GalNAz). Finally, we discuss several applications of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition “click” reaction to attach various alkyne-containing chemical probes to GalNAz and demonstrate how this functionalization of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins can be used to realize (1)–(3) above. Overall, these methods, which utilize commercially available reagents and standard protein analytical tools, will serve to advance our understanding of the diverse and important functions of O-GlcNAcylation.
Transcriptomic profiles of Clostridium ljungdahlii during lithotrophic growth with syngas or H 2 and CO 2 compared to organotrophic growth with fructose

Clostridium ljungdahlii derives energy by lithotrophic and organotrophic acetogenesis. C. ljungdahlii was grown organotrophically with fructose and also lithotrophically, either with syngas - a gas mixture containing hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), or with H2 and CO2. Gene expression was compared quantitatively by microarrays using RNA extracted from all three conditions. Gene expression with fructose and with H2/CO2 was compared by RNA-Seq. Upregulated genes with both syngas and H2/CO2 (compared to fructose) point to the urea cycle, uptake and degradation of peptides and amino acids, response to sulfur starvation, potentially NADPH-producing pathways involving (S)-malate and ornithine, quorum sensing, sporulation, and cell wall remodeling, suggesting a global and multicellular response to lithotrophic conditions. With syngas, the upregulated (R)-lactate dehydrogenase gene represents a route of electron transfer from ferredoxin to NAD. With H2/CO2, flavodoxin and histidine biosynthesis genes were upregulated. Downregulated genes corresponded to an intracytoplasmic microcompartment for disposal of methylglyoxal, a toxic byproduct of glycolysis, as 1-propanol. Several cytoplasmic and membrane-associated redox-active protein genes were differentially regulated. The transcriptomic profiles of C. ljungdahlii in lithotrophic and organotrophic growth modes indicate large-scale physiological and metabolic differences, observations that may guide biofuel and commodity chemical production with this species.
Ruptured Persistent Trigeminal Artery Causing Direct Cavernous Sinus Fistula Treated with Pipeline Embolization and Minimal Coiling

Background Rupture of a persistent trigeminal artery associated with development of a cavernous sinus fistula in a traumatic setting is rare. These arteries are typically treated with coil embolization of the cavernous sinus. Case Description We present the case of a 42-year-old woman who developed a direct cavernous carotid fistula after a motor vehicle accident. Angiographic imaging revealed a rupture point of a persistent trigeminal artery as it connected with the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, causing a cavernous sinus fistula. Coiling of the cavernous sinus was abandoned after placement of 1 coil because of coil herniation into the internal carotid artery. A Pipeline embolization device was placed to oppose the coil against the intima and keep the lumen open. The combination of coil embolization and flow diversion acutely decreased the fistulous flow. Surprisingly, an angiographic follow-up at 6 months showed complete fistula occlusion despite placement of only 1 coil into the cavernous sinus. Conclusions We report a rare case where undercoiling of the cavernous sinus occluded a cavernous sinus fistula because of the adjunct use of a Pipeline embolization device in the presence of a traumatic rupture of a persistent trigeminal artery.
The relation of borderline personality disorder to aggression, victimization, and institutional misconduct among prisoners.

Abstract Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly prevalent among incarcerated populations; however, research has yet to examine whether prisoners diagnosed with BPD experience greater interpersonal dysfunction and institutional misconduct while incarcerated. Procedure This study drew from a sample of 184 male and female prisoners diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) in a randomized trial of depression treatment. The presence of a BPD diagnosis (n = 69) was analyzed as a predictor of disciplinary incidents/infractions (i.e., fights, arguments with staff, disciplinary infractions, isolation), time spent in isolation, and types of aggression and victimization experiences during incarceration. Results There was a trend suggesting prisoners with BPD were about twice as likely as those without BPD to report disciplinary incidents/infractions (OR = 1.76 [0.93, 3.32], p = 0.075). Having a BPD diagnosis was unrelated to time in isolation and overall aggression and victimization. However, prisoners with BPD were more likely than those without BPD to perpetrate and be victimized by psychological aggression. Due to high rates of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in the sample as a whole (72%), additional analyses compared outcomes across prisoners with no BPD or ASPD diagnosis, BPD diagnosis only, ASPD diagnosis only, and comorbid BPD and ASPD. Prisoners with comorbid BPD and ASPD were no more likely than prisoners with ASPD only to report disciplinary incidents/infractions, but were significantly more likely than those with ASPD only to report perpetrating and being victimized by psychological aggression. Conclusions Among prisoners with MDD, those with a BPD diagnosis have increased risk of psychological aggression and disciplinary infractions during incarceration.
Do 5-Month-Old Infants Possess an Evolved Detection Mechanism for Snakes, Sharks, and Rodents?

The 4 experiments reported here used the preferential looking and habituation paradigms to examine whether 5-month-olds possess a perceptual template for snakes, sharks, and rodents. It was predict...
New Technologies for Imaging and Analysis of Individual Microbial Cells

Despite their size, microbes manage to exert profound effects on the human macroworld. Traditionally, the field of microbiology has been focused at the population level, limited primarily by the resolution of its workhorse technologies - growth after inoculation into liquid or solid media. However, such "bulk-phase" or population-scale measurements are composed of data from thousands or millions of individual cellular inputs. Averaging the measured parameter across the population may "smooth over" and obscure information on discrete cellular phenomena that may otherwise provide key insights into how microbial cells function or interact with their environments. As alternatives to population-based methods, new tools are needed to visualize discrete microbial structures or phenomena that are inaccessible via traditional means. Classically defined, "imaging" refers chiefly to methods that use visible light to generate a likeness of an object. However, approaches using other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum or nonphotonic processes can also be used to generate graphic representations of microbial cells or provide quantitative measurements, often capturing details not available via other means. Examples include Raman microspectroscopy, microbeam analyses and atomic force microscopy. This chapter seeks to provide a cross-sectional sampling of the diversity of new technologies for imaging and analysis of individual microbial cells and how they have been applied to the problems of single-cell microbiology. Special attention is paid to commercially available technologies allowing dynamic observation of discrete phenomena occurring within individual living microbial cells.
A finite-element program for fracture mechanics analysis of composite material

An assumed displacement hybrid finite-element procedure developed for treating a general class of problems involving mixed-mode behavior of cracks is used to solve some two-dimensional, fracture mechanics problems involving rectilinear-anisotropic materials. This finite-element program uses four "singular" elements which surround the crack tip and "regular" elements which occupy the remaining region. The singular element has a built-in displacement field of the r type with the two modes of stress intensity factors, K 1 and K I I , as unknowns. Displacement compatibility between singular and regular elements is also maintained. Isoparametric transformations are used to derive the stiffness matrix of quadrilateral curved elements. Rectilinear anisotropic, nonhomogeneous, but linear elastic, material properties are considered. The program was checked out by analyzing a bimaterial tension plate with an eccentric crack and a centrally-cracked orthotropic tension plate. The results thus obtained agreed well with those by Erdogan and Biricikoglu, and Bowie and Freese, respectively. The program was then used to analyze two fracture test specimens for which analytical solutions do not exist. The first specimen was the doubly edge-notched tension plate with material principal directions oriented 0°-90° or ′45° to the geometric axes of symmetry and with varying crack length. The second specimen was the three-point bend specimen with material principal directions oriented 0°-90° to the geometric axes of symmetry. Finally, an orthotropic tension plate with an oblique center crack was analyzed. Finite-element solutions of most of these problems do not seem to have appeared in prior literature.
The many rewards of putting absolutely everything into introductory logic

I co-teach an introductory logic course with philosopher Jay Garfield. The contains an absurd amount of material-formal and informal, theoretical and applied, trivial and profound, sacred and mundane. The course gives ordinary students important critical skills. For some, it kindles a love of logic that shapes their academic careers.
Generating cross-references for multimedia explanation

When explanations include multiple media, such as text and illustrations, a reference to an object can be made through a combination of media. We call part of a presentation that references material elsewhere a cross-reference. We are concerned here with how textual expressions can refer to parts of accompanying illustrations. The illustration to which a cross-reference refers should also satisfy the specific goal of identifying an object for the user. Thus, producing an effective cross-reference not only involves text generation, but may also entail modifying or replacing an existing illustration and in some cases, generating an illustration where previously none was needed. In this paper, we describe the different types of cross-references that COMET (COordinated Multimedia Explanation Testbed) generates and show the roles that both its text and graphics generators play in this process.
CHEMISTRY: THE HEART OF ENERGY RESEARCH

Chemistry is an integral part of any major national energy research program. The chemist has played a key role, and will continue to do so, in the development of the energy technologies needed to assure future growth. This article highlights five key energy technologies ranging from enhanced oil recovery to solar energy conversion and describes where chemistry–based solutions could be critically important.
Music and Technology in Death and the Powers.

In composer Tod Machover's new opera Death and the Powers, the main character uploads his consciousness into anelaborate computer system to preserve his essence and agencyafter his corporeal death. Consequently, for much of theopera, the stage and the environment itself come alive asthe main character. This creative need brings with it a hostof technical challenges and opportunities. In order to satisfythe needs of this storyline, Machover's Opera of the Futuregroup at the MIT Media Lab has developed a suite of newperformance technologies, including robot characters, interactive performance capture systems, mapping systems for, , authoring interactive multimedia performances, new musical instruments, unique spatialized sound controls, anda unified control system for all these technological components. While developed for a particular theatrical production, many of the concepts and design procedures remain relevant to broader contexts including performance,robotics, and interaction design.
Hypocrisy, State Policy, and African American Students With Disabilities: The Guise of Access:

We critically examined the odds of earning a college preparatory diploma for African American high school seniors receiving special education services under Texas’s Top 10% Policy (TTPP). Critical ...
SAPO-34 membranes for xenon capture from air

Abstract Capturing Xe from gas mixtures represents one of the most challenging molecular gas separations. In this communication, we demonstrate the ability of a zeolite membrane, denoted as SAPO-34, to effectively capture Xe from air. Specifically, SAPO-34 membranes showed air permeances as high as 2.3 × 10−7 mol/m2 s Pa (690 GPU) and separation selectivities as high as 30.1 for a molar feed of 9:1 air/Xe. Molecular sieving, competitive adsorption, and diffusivity differences played a critical role in the overall separation performance. Membranes were air selective due to favorable molecular sieving and differences in diffusivity between gases present in the air mixture and Xe. Molecular sieving and diffusivity differences were identified as the dominant separation mechanisms. The high air permeances and separation selectivities make these membranes highly appealing as a potentially less energy intensive alternative to cryogenic distillation, the benchmark technology used to separate these gases.
RIPK3-Induced Inflammation by I-MDSCs Promotes Intestinal Tumors.

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) promote colorectal cancer (CRC) by several mechanisms including suppression of antitumor T cells and production of tumorigenic factors. We previously showed that an intermediate-MDSC subset (I-MDSC) is expanded in an intestinal tumor model (ApcMin/+ mice), but the importance of this subset in promoting tumors is unclear. Here we show that I-MDSCs are a distinct heterogeneous subset due to differential and reduced expression of monocytic marker Ly6C and granulocytic marker Ly6G. Besides causing necroptotic cell death, receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3) has an alternate function as a signaling component inducing cytokine synthesis. We evaluated if Ripk3 regulates inflammatory cytokines in I-MDSCs to assess the non-immunosuppressive function of I-MDSCs in promoting tumors. Inhibition of Ripk3 with the commercially available small molecule inhibitor GSK 872 showed that Ripk3-mediated inflammation promoted intestinal tumors in two intestinal tumor models, ApcMin/+ mice and an MC38 transplantable tumor model. Mechanistically, Ripk3 signaling in I-MDSC increased tumor size by expanding IL-17 producing T cells in MC38 tumors. Collectively, these data suggest Ripk3 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
Utilizing Herbs and Microwave‐Assisted Thermal Sterilization to Enhance Saltiness Perception in a Chicken Pasta Meal

This study was the first to evaluate the influence of herb addition in a complex food matrix processed by microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) system for potential salt reduction implications. In a chicken pasta meal, salt concentrations included 100% (full salt) and reduced salt variations (75%, 50%, and 25% of the original salt concentration) and for each meal, a version with and without herb addition. The influence of storage time on sensory perception and acceptance was investigated, along with the odor-induced saltiness enhancement (OISE). Trained sensory panel results showed that the addition of herbs to the chicken pasta meal increased the intensity of many flavors and led to an increased saltiness perception, demonstrating their congruency with salty taste. The addition of herbs allowed for a 50% salt reduction in a processed prepared meal while maintaining the same intensity of saltiness perception as determined by a trained panel and overall meal acceptance by consumers. The OISE was only significant for the 25% salt meal (P < 0.05) suggesting that the influence of herb addition on saltiness perception at lower salt concentrations was more influential than at higher salt concentrations. Over longer storage times, meals processed by MATS and stored at ambient temperature increased in aroma, taste, and flavor intensities as well as in acceptance of many meal attributes. This study contributed an additional strategy of product reformulation, specifically herb addition, to the portfolio of salt-reduction strategies for prepared meals using MATS. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The addition of herbs to prepared meals (chicken pasta) may allow for up to a 50% reduction in salt content while maintaining the same saltiness intensity perception and overall consumer acceptance. This has important implications for the food industry as sodium reduction is a complex task. Furthermore, the additional herbs utilized in this study increased the intensity of certain aromas and flavors, and led to increased saltiness perception; these herbs could be considered in future salt reduction applications as this study demonstrates their congruency with salty taste.
Photoprocessable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers

Abstract : Dye-doped polymers and polymers with covalently attached nonlinear-optical (NLO) moieties have demonstrated that large second-order susceptibilities in polymers are achievable. For practical applications, the stability of Chi(2) at elevated temperatures and the ease of processing into guided wave structures are equally important and need to be addressed. Recently, it has been reported that thermally crosslinked epoxy polymers are stable at temperatures above 100 deg C. Thermally crosslinked NLO polymers, however, require several hours of high temperature curing under a high electric field. This often leads to deterioration of the optical quality of the films. An alternative route to obtain stable, crosslinked electro-optic polymers by photochemical crosslinking has been developed in our laboratory.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PERSAMAAN HAK ANTARA PESERTA PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS DENGAN PEKERJA

Abstract Participants in specialist medical education programs are one aspect that plays an important role in national development in the health sector. This is inseparable from one aspect of the specialist medical education program, which is service. Other countries such as the United States and Canada have realized the importance of participants in this specialist medical education program both as students as well as workers. But in Indonesia, it is only the status of a student. The purpose of this study is to further examine the equality of rights between workers and participants in the doctor's education program. This study is a normative juridical research using the conceptual approach to legislation, and comparative approach. The results indicate that there are similarities in the elements contained in the employment agreement between the workers and participants of the specialist medical education program so that the specialist education program participants should also obtain status as workers other than students. Based on this, then in this study there are several suggestions by the author including the need for revisions in the status of students towards specialist medical education participants. Abstrak Peserta program pendidikan dokter spesialis merupakan salah satu aspek yang berperan penting dalam pembangunan nasional di bidang kesehatan. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari salah satu aspek dalam program pendidikan dokter spesialis yaitu pelayanan. Negara-negara lain seperti Amerika Serikat dan Kanada telah menyadari akan pentingnya peserta program pendidikan dokter spesialis ini sehingga status peserta program pendidikan dokter spesialis di kedua negara tersebut adalah sebagai mahasiswa sekaligus sebagai pekerja. Namun di Indonesia, hanya berstatus sebagai mahasiswa. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti lebih jauh persamaan hak-hak antara pekerja dengan peserta program pendidikan dokter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat persamaan unsur-unsur yang terkandung dalam perjanjian kerja antara pekerja dan peserta program pendidikan dokter spesialis sehingga peserta program pendidikan dokter spesialis seharusnya juga memperoleh status sebagai pekerja selain mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hal ini, maka dalam penelitian ini terdapat beberapa saran oleh penulis diantaranya adalah perlu adanya revisi dalam status mahasiswa terhadap peserta pendidikan dokter spesialis.
Research on Lane Detection Method with Shadow Interference

Lane detection is one of the key technologies in the field of intelligent transportation. It is widely used in assisted driving systems, lane departure warning systems and vehicle anti-colhsion systems, which is of great significance for improving traffic safety. Due to the complexity and variety of road scenes, this paper studies the lane detection with shadow interference. We present an efficient and robust algorithm for detecting lanes based on the vertical direction IPM sub-picture reconstruction and its hierarchical image fusion. Firstly, the road IPM top view is obtained, and then decomposed and reconstructed by wavelet. In addition, the Canny edge detection algorithm is employed to extract edge information of the reconstructed maps. Finally, we use the improved Hough transform to detect lane lines. We present an efficient and robust algorithm for detecting lanes with shadow interference. This method greatly reduces the interference of shadows on images through wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, which can detect the lane line more accurately. The experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately detect the lane line with shadow interference and has certain robustness.
An update on the Lewis blood group system.

CONCLUSIONS This update of the Lewis blood group system (Combs MR. Lewis blood group system review. Immunohematology 2009;25:112-8) describes new information on the clinical significance of Lewis antigens regarding susceptibility of individuals to certain diseases and the possible role of bacteria in Lewis expression. This update also describes recently reported examples of Lewis antibodies causing hemolytic transfusion reactions. No new antigens have been identified in the International Society of Blood Transfusion system 7, leaving the antigen count to stand at six: Lea, Leb, LebH, ALeb, BLeb, and Leab.
Estimation of conditional power for cluster-randomized trials with interval-censored endpoints

Cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) of infectious disease preventions often yield correlated, interval-censored data: dependencies may exist between observations from the same cluster, and event occurrence may be assessed only at intermittent study visits. This data structure must be accounted for when conducting interim monitoring and futility assessment for CRTs. In this article, we propose a flexible framework for conditional power estimation when outcomes are correlated and interval-censored. Under the assumption that the survival times follow a shared frailty model, we first characterize the correspondence between the marginal and cluster-conditional survival functions, and then use this relationship to semiparametrically estimate the cluster-specific survival distributions from the available interim data. We incorporate assumptions about changes to the event process over the remainder of the trial-as well as estimates of the dependency among observations in the same cluster-to extend these survival curves through the end of the study. Based on these projected survival functions, we generate correlated interval-censored observations, and then calculate the conditional power as the proportion of times (across multiple full-data generation steps) that the null hypothesis of no treatment effect is rejected. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method through extensive simulation studies, and illustrate its use on a large cluster-randomized HIV prevention trial.
The impact of primary care behavioral health services on patient behaviors: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION Greater understanding of the impact of low intensity psychosocial interventions delivered by behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) working in an integrated care program (ICP) may promote better depression care. METHOD In a randomized controlled trial, 153 participants identified as depressed by their primary care provider (PCP) were assigned to ICP or usual care (UC, management by PCP, including specialty referral). In the ICP condition, BHCs worked collaboratively with PCPs and liaison psychiatrists. RESULTS ICP participants with lower and higher severity symptoms reported significantly greater use of coping strategies than UC participants at the 1-month follow up (lower: p = .002; higher: p = .016). ICP participants with lower severity continued to report significantly greater use of coping strategies than UC participants at the 4-month (p = .024), and 7-month (p = .012) follow ups. ICP participants were more likely to be following relapse preventions plans at the 4-month follow up (lower: 89.5% vs. 50%, p = .0.000; higher 74.1% vs. 33%, p = .0001). ICP participants also reported use of antidepressant medications on more days than UC participants at the 4-month follow up (lower: 21.27 vs. 14.49 days, p = .049; higher: 24.61 vs. 17.08 days, p = .035). Patient retention in the ICP was high, and ICP participants were significantly more satisfied with depression care than UC participants at follow-up assessments. DISCUSSION Delivery of low intensity psychosocial interventions by BHCs was associated with improvements to behavior charge targets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Distributed and Collision-Free Coverage Control of a Team of Mobile Sensors Using the Convex Uncertain Voronoi Diagram

In this paper, we propose a distributed coverage control algorithm for mobile sensing networks that can account for bounded uncertainty in the location of each sensor. Our algorithm is capable of safely driving mobile sensors towards areas of high information distribution while having them maintain coverage of the whole area of interest. To do this, we propose two novel variants of the Voronoi diagram. The first, the convex uncertain Voronoi (CUV) diagram, guarantees full coverage of the search area. The second, collision avoidance regions (CARs), guarantee collision-free motions while avoiding deadlock, enabling sensors to safely and successfully reach their goals. We demonstrate the efficacy of these algorithms via a series of simulations with different numbers of sensors and uncertainties in the sensors' locations. The results show that sensor networks of different scales are able to safely perform optimized distribution corresponding to the information distribution density under different localization uncertainties.
Approaching Neoadjuvant Therapy in the Management of Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Neoadjuvant therapy is integral to the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Goals of treatment include surgical downstaging of the tumor, rendering inoperable tumors resectable, and de-escalating axillary surgery in those with clinically positive nodes. Additionally, response to treatment provides important prognostic information regarding risk of recurrence and guides future adjuvant treatment. Although chemotherapy serves as the backbone of neoadjuvant treatment, an increased understanding of the tumor's clinical course as well as its molecular and genetic make-up aids in individualizing treatment and developing novel agents. This review summarizes current clinical approaches and the future direction to the management of breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant setting.
The importance of large-diameter trees to the creation of snag and deadwood biomass

Baseline levels of tree mortality can, over time, contribute to high snag densities and high levels of deadwood (down woody debris) if fire is infrequent and decomposition is slow. Deadwood can be important for tree recruitment, and it plays a major role in terrestrial carbon cycling, but deadwood is rarely examined in a spatially explicit context. Between 2011 and 2019, we annually tracked all trees and snags ≥1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood ≥10 cm diameter and ≥1 m in length in 25.6 ha of Tsuga heterophylla / Pseudotsuga menziesii forest. We analyzed the amount, biomass, and spatial distribution of deadwood, and we assessed how various causes of mortality that contributed uniquely to deadwood creation. Compared to aboveground woody live biomass of 481 Mg ha−1 (from trees ≥10 cm diameter), snag biomass was 74 Mg ha−1 and deadwood biomass was 109 Mg ha−1 (from boles ≥10 cm diameter). Biomass from large-diameter trees (≥60 cm) accounted for 85%, 88%, and 58%, of trees, snags, and deadwood, respectively. Total aboveground woody live and dead biomass was 668 Mg ha−1. The annual production of downed wood (≥10 cm diameter) from tree boles averaged 4 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Woody debris was spatially heterogeneous, varying more than two orders of magnitude from 4 to 587 Mg ha−1 at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats. Almost all causes of deadwood creation varied in importance between large-diameter trees and small-diameter trees. Biomass of standing stems and deadwood had weak inverse distributions, reflecting the long period of time required for trees to reach large diameters following antecedent tree mortalities and the centennial scale time required for deadwood decomposition. Old-growth forests contain large stores of biomass in living trees, as well as in snag and deadwood biomass pools that are stable long after tree death. Ignoring biomass (or carbon) in deadwood pools can lead to substantial underestimations of sequestration and stability.
Adaptive Immune Response Associated with a Zirconium-Containing, Cemented, Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Case A 69-year-old woman underwent revision total knee arthroplasty for patellar component aseptic loosening. The periprosthetic tissue demonstrated histologic features of an adaptive immune response (aseptic lymphocyte-dominant vasculitis-associated lesion [ALVAL]). No particles of corrosion debris were identified. The inflammation seemed to be associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) particles added as a bone cement radio-opacifier. Conclusion The factors responsible for the adaptive immune response cannot be determined with certainty; however, this is the first reported case of ALVAL associated with ZrO2-containing bone cement. Previous reports describing ALVAL around failed total knee prostheses have not included observations about the type of contrast material added to cement.
Principles of Microwave and RF Exposure

Understanding the interaction of microwave and RF radiation with biological systems is facilitated through knowledge of the actions and characteristics of microwave and RF radiation in space and time. The chapter begins with the pertinent physical laws that govern the interaction of microwave radiation with biological systems. It provides the basic information on antenna radiation characteristics and microwave reflection and transmission at biological interfaces, and also describes RF electromagnetic fields in the near- and far-zone of radiating antennas. It shows that the interactions are functions of the source frequency and configuration, shape and size of the exposed subjects, and orientation and location of the subject with respect to the source, among others.
Progress Toward Complete Life Cycle Culturing of the Endangered Sunflower Star, Pycnopodia helianthoides

AbstractUntil recently, the sunflower star, Pycnopodia helianthoides, was a dominant and common predator in a wide variety of benthic habitats in the northeast Pacific. Then, in 2013, its populatio...
Clarifying some findings regarding the ventriloquist aftereffect

An author's reply to this comment is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4410-x .
Assessing the impediments to organizational change: A view of community policing

This article identifies and assesses the impediments to implementing one aspect of community-oriented policing (COP): designated patrol assignments. The research was based on 126 interviews with three different levels of police practitioners (top, middle, and street-level) in three different southwest police departments. While this exploratory study examined several factors that could potentially impede or facilitate change, it was found that individual attitudes towards COP and pressure had the most significant effect on the process of change.
Reference Directed Indexing: Redeeming Relevance for Subject Search in Citation Indexes

Citation indexes are valuable tools for research, in part because they provide a means with which to measure the relative impact of articles in a collection of scientific literature. Recent efforts demonstrate some value in retrieval systems for citation indexes based on measures of impact. However, such approaches use weak measures of relevance, ranking together a few useful documents with many that are frequently cited but irrelevant. We propose an indexing technique that joins measures of relevance and impact in a single retrieval metric. This approach, called Reference Directed Indexing (RDI) is based on a comparison of the terms authors use in reference to documents. Initial retrieval experiments with RDI indicate that it retrieves documents of a quality on par with current ranking metrics, but with significantly improved relevance.
The dominant intraseasonal mode of intraseasonal South Asian summer monsoon

From June through September, the intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon is dominated by the so-called “monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO).” This paper provides a comprehensive description of the MISO based on outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. The MISO is characterized by alternating active periods, in which the primary rain area of the Asian summer monsoon that stretches from the northern Arabian Sea east southeastward almost all the way to the northwest Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone is relatively intense, and break periods, in which the heaviest rainfall shifts from south Asia to the central and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. The MISO is attended by well-defined but weak sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations whose phase is indicative of a negative feedback upon the atmospheric perturbations. Meridional profile of variables on the various regression maps shown in this paper averaged along a set of tilted axes parallel to the west-northwest to east-southeast (WNW-ESE) sloping lines in empirical orthogonal function 1 of OLR have been made, and it is found that the strongest westerly 850 hPa wind anomalies are located two grid points (5° of latitude) to the south of the reference latitude. At the 150 hPa level, the meridional profile of divergence is closely aligned with the OLR profile. SST profile is lowest at approximately 2.5° of latitude to the south of the minimum OLR and 2.5° to the north of the strongest westerly 850 hPa wind anomalies. The sea level pressure profiles and the midlower tropospheric geopotential height profiles are almost in phase. It is observed that in most years, there are two–three bands of intensified and suppressed rainfall that cross the reference line from south to north (northward propagating) at the interval of 30–60 days over South Asia. The degree of correspondence between the MISO and active and break spells of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is also documented.
Analysis of prepro-alpha-lytic protease expression in Escherichia coli reveals that the pro region is required for activity.

The alpha-lytic protease of Lysobacter enzymogenes was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli by fusing the promoter and signal sequence of the E. coli phoA gene to the proenzyme portion of the alpha-lytic protease gene. Following induction, active enzyme was found both within cells and in the extracellular medium, where it slowly accumulated to high levels. Use of a similar gene fusion to express the protease domain alone produced inactive enzyme, indicating that the large amino-terminal pro region is necessary for activity. The implications for protein folding are discussed. Furthermore, inactivation of the protease by mutation of the catalytic serine residue resulted in the production of a higher-molecular-weight form of the alpha-lytic protease, suggesting that the enzyme is self-processing in E. coli. Images
Embedding Local Places in Global Spaces: Geographical Indications as a Territorial Development Strategy

Geographical indications (GIs) are place-based names that convey the geographical origin, as well as the cultural and historical identity, of agricultural products. GIs are unique, in that they provide a means of ensuring that control over production and sales of a product stays within a local area, but at the same time they make use of extralocal markets. Although control over GIs largely rests with local actors, GIs are nested in wider regional, national, and international networks; and the passage from local to extralocal markets introduces new costs and benefits and new relations of power into the supply chain. The degree to which GI protection spurs development and protects local environmental and cultural resources depends on the structure of the GI legislation and on the territorial context in which protection is embedded. Using a commodity-chains approach, I compare two GI production systems, tequila in Mexico and Comte cheese in France, in order to develop a theory of the factors that contribute to more sustainable, equitable GI production systems. I argue that three key differences in the design of the GI schemes help to explain the varying effects of the two cases: (1) the manner in which supply-chain actors define quality, (2) the way that the GI valorizes the terroir of the region, and (3) the strength and cohesion that the collective organizing body exhibits. Moreover, the institutional and political context in which GI supply chains “touch down” plays a critical role. Contrary to a conceptualization of GIs as compatible with a purely market-oriented model, my comparison of these two cases indicates that some level of state involvement, in order to level the playing field and empower small farmers, is a necessary, although not sufficient, precondition for successful and sustainable GIs.
Poisson Process Approximation for Repeats in One Sequence and Its Application to Sequencing by Hybridization

Sequencing by hybridization here refers to the attempt to determine a target DNA sequence of moderate length m from the set of all l-tuples contained in the sequence. Realistic values are currently in the range l=8 to 12 and m=100 to 5000. As a mathematical idealization, it is best to begin with the unrealistic assumption that the multiplicity of occurrences of l-tuples is also known; this multiset is called the spectrum or l-spectrum of the sequence. For random sequences, the more realistic case, where only the set underlying the spectrum is known, can be closely approximated by the situation involving the spectrum.
The safety of escitalopram during pregnancy and breastfeeding: a comprehensive review.

Objective Escitalopram (ESC) is considered one of the most effective selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of major depression. However, little is known on its potential risk of inducing major malformations (MMs) and perinatal complications (PCs). Hence, aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive review of the available literature on the safety profile of ESC during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Methods MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for English language articles by using the following keywords: escitalopram, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, major malformations, perinatal complications, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Results Although some cases of MMs have been reported after maternal exposure to ESC during early pregnancy, the rate of these adverse events is substantially in the range of those reported in unexposed women. On the contrary, exposure to ESC seems to be significantly associated with some PCs. No adverse effects have been reported in the few studies evaluating its safety during breastfeeding. Conclusions The available data seem to support the notion that ESC might be considered safe during pregnancy, in particular as far as MMs is concerned. However, similar to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, it could be associated with an increased risk of PCs. Given the paucity of the studies published so far, no definitive conclusions can be drawn on its safety profile during breastfeeding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of DNA and RNA Fragments Containing Guanine N2‐Thioalkyl Tethers

This unit describes procedures for preparation of deoxyguanosine and guanosine derivatives in which the guanine N2 contains a thiopropyl tether, protected as a tert-butyl disulfide. After incorporation into a DNA or RNA fragment, this tether allows site-specific cross-linking to a thiol of a protein or another nucleic acid. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 41:5.8.1-5.8.23. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: oligonucleotides; disulfide cross-links
#NotBuyingIt: Hashtag Feminists Expand the Commercial Media Conversation

Woman serves man beer; man drinks beer; man finds himself inside limousine filled with bachelorettes. Any other year, Bud Light's 2014 Super Bowl commercial and its objectification of women as priz...
Iloprost and tissue-type plasminogen activator differently affect platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma and in whole blood

Platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is more sensitive to agonists and more resistant to antagonists than that in whole blood. In this study, we show that the presence of neutrophils in whole blood accounts at least in part for diminished platelet aggregation in whole blood. The platelet-inhibitory effect of neutrophils relates to the release of nitric oxide and not to elastase or adenosine. Furthermore, two unrelated platelet inhibitors, iloprost and tissue-type plasminogen inhibitor, decrease platelet aggregation to a greater extent in whole blood than in PRP. However, these agents exert cumulative or synergistic inhibitory effects with neutrophils on platelet aggregation in PRP. Thus, the inhibition of platelet aggregation in vivo may relate to the interaction between neutrophils and platelet-inhibitory agents.