cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nickel Hypersensitivity in Patients with Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Case Report and Literature and MAUDE Database Review

Placement of a prophylactic retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was requested in a 73-year-old woman with nickel hypersensitivity resulting in a clinical dilemma. Given that all retrievable filters contain nickel, the published literature and the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database were reviewed; no documented case of IVC filter placement in a patient with nickel hypersensitivity or reported hypersensitivity reaction in a patient after IVC filter placement could be identified. This article presents the uneventful course of the case described and a review of the literature and recommendations on use of nickel-containing devices in patients with nickel hypersensitivity.
Predictors of Duloxetine Treatment Persistence for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract Objectives Early discontinuation of antidepressant therapy is associated with relapse and increased costs. This exploratory study examined demographical and pretreatment clinical predictors of duloxetine (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) treatment persistence in patients treated in real-world clinical settings. Study Design Using a large US managed-care claims database (PharMetrics Integrated Outcomes Database; PharMetrics Inc., Watertown, MA), study subjects were individuals aged 18 to 64 years who initiated duloxetine treatment between April 2005 and March 2006, had ≥1 claim associated with major depressive disorder diagnosis, and had continuous insurance coverage 6 months before and 12 months after initiation of duloxetine therapy. Treatment persistence was defined as continuous duloxetine treatment without a 30-day gap for ≥3 months. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analysis were used to examine predictors of persistence. Results Among 9148 patients (74.1% female; mean age 45.6 years) who initiated duloxetine treatment, 63.5% stayed on the medication for ≥3 months. Logistic regression analysis showed that an initial dose ≥60 mg (odds ratio [OR] 1.43), older age groups (OR ≥1.49), and venlafaxine XR (OR 1.85) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (OR 1.59) use in the prior 6 months were significantly associated with increased odds of treatment persistence, whereas prior benzodiazepine use (OR 0.86), comorbid alcohol dependence (OR 0.75), drug dependence (OR 0.76), and Parkinson disease (OR 0.36) were associated with decreased odds of treatment persistence. Findings were essentially unchanged with classification and regression tree analysis. Conclusion The results suggest that multiple demographic and clinical variables are associated with treatment persistence of duloxetine therapy. The findings may have important implications for clinicians to take actions to prevent early therapy discontinuation.
Mechanism of interferon action: cDNA structure, expression, and regulation of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2α protein kinase from human cells

Abstract A molecular cDNA clone (P1 KIN) was isolated that encodes the human RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2α protein kinase. The complete cDNA sequence of the P1 KIN cDNA was determined; the longest open reading frame (ORF) encoded a 551 amino acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 62055 Da. Transcripts prepared from the P1 KIN cDNA by transcription in vitro with T7 RNA polymerase programmed the cell-free synthesis of a protein indistinguishable by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot gel analyses from the authentic 67-kDa P1 protein synthesized in human U cells treated with interferon (IFN). Furthermore, by use of a sensitive primer extension assay with T7 DNA polymerase, the major site of translation initiation within the deduced ORF of the P1 KIN cDNA was directly identified. Northern RNA gel-blot analysis revealed that the P1 KIN cDNA strongly hybridized to two IFN-induced mRNAs present in both human amnion U cells and HeLa cells; their sizes were 2.5 and 6 kb. Both transcripts were efficiently induced by IFN-α, but poorly by IFN-γ. Polyclonal antibody was prepared against the product of the P1 KIN cDNA expressed in Escherichia coli . In Western blot analysis the antibody recognized a 67-kDa protein induced in human cells by IFN-α and, in addition, a 90-kDa protein whose level was not greatly altered by IFN treatment. The IFN-induced 67-kDa protein was found associated with the ribosomal salt-wash fraction of IFN-treated human cells, whereas the 90-kDa protein was predominantly in the S100 soluble fraction. The time course for the induction by IFN-α of RNA-dependent protein P1 kinase activity measured by immunoprecipitation was comparable to the time course for protein P1 induction measured by Western immunoblot analysis. The amino acid sequence of P1/eIF-2α protein kinase deduced from the cDNA was 62% identical with the 518-residue murine TIK kinase and contained, within the carboxy-terminal half of the protein, the motifs commonly conserved among protein-serine/threonine kinases. The amino-terminal half of the P1 protein did not possess conserved kinase motifs, but did show extensive homology with vaccinia virus-predicted protein E3L.
Accurate Leakage/Delay Estimation for FinFET Standard Cells under PVT Variations using the Response Surface Methodology

Among different multi-gate transistors, FinFETs and Trigate FETs have set themselves apart as the most promising candidates for the upcoming 22nm technology node and beyond owing to their superior device performance, lower leakage power consumption, and cost-effective fabrication process. Innovative circuit design and optimization techniques will be required to harness the power of multi-gate transistors, which in turn will depend on accurate leakage and timing characterization of these devices under spatial and environmental variations. Hence, in order to aid circuit designers, we present accurate analytical models using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) to estimate the leakage current and delay of FinFET standard cells under the effect of variations in gate length (LG), fin thickness (TSI), gate-oxide thickness (TOX), gate-workfunction (ΦG), supply voltage (VDD), and temperature (T). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such attempt to develop analytical models for leakage/delay estimation of FinFET logic gates. To derive these models, we employ TCAD device simulations of adjusted 2D device cross sections that have been shown to track TCAD device simulations of 3D device behavior within a 1--3p error range. This drastically reduces the CPU time of our modeling technique (by several orders of magnitude) without much loss in accuracy. We present analytical leakage and delay models for different sizes and logic styles (e.g., shorted-gate (SG) and independent-gate (IG) FinFETs at the 22nm technology node). Both leakage and delay estimates derived from the analytical models are in close agreement with quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation results (QMC simulations track the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations, but are several orders of magnitude faster) obtained for different adjusted-2D logic gates with a root mean square error (RMSE) in the 0.23p--5.87p range.
Ad hoc extensibility and access control

General-purpose, commercial software platforms are increasingly used as system building blocks, even for dependable systems. One reason for their generality, usefulness, and popular adoption is that these software platforms can evolve through ad hoc extensions: behavior tweaks outside the scope of supported platform interfaces. Unfortunately, such use of internal platform implementation details is fundamentally incompatible with security and reliability. Even so, platforms that exclude ad hoc extensions---for instance, by enforcing full isolation and strict interfaces---will, most likely, either have their security enforcement circumvented or be relegated to a niche market. In this paper, we identify ad hoc extensions as well as the economic and technical factors surrounding their existence. Subsequently, we propose the enforcement of novel access-control policies for reconciling ad hoc extensibility with security and reliability.
Complex sound analysis in the FM bat Eptesicus fuscus , correlated with structural parameters of frequency modulated signals

Big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, were presented with artificial frequency modulated (FM) echoes that simulated an object becoming progressively closer to the bat. A stereotyped approach phase behavioral response of the bat to the virtual approaching target was used to determine the ability of the bat to analyze FM signals for target distance information. The degree to which the bats responded with approach phase behavior to a virtual approaching target was similar when they were presented with either a naturally structured artificial FM echo or an artificial FM echo constructed from a series of brief pure tone steps. The ability of the bats to respond to an FM signal structured from a sequence of pure tone elements depended on the number of pure tone steps in the series; the bats required the presentation of tone-step FM signals containing about 83 or greater pure tone elements. Moreover, the duration of the individual tone steps of the tone-step FM signals could not exceed a specific upper limit of about 0.05 ms. Finally, it appears that the bats were able to independently resolve individual tone steps within the tone-step FM signals that were separated by about 450 Hz or more.
The Florida Study: Improvement in Student Achievement and Attitudes through Variations in Instructional Television Production Values

Little is known about the effects of television production techniques on learning. This article describes an experiment wherein two different television versions of a course segment were used with different student groups and the evaluation results. Taking full advantage of the extensive technical progress that has been made in television equipment and techniques over the past ten years, the “innovative” version was designed not only to present curriculum material, but also to try to influence favorably the attitudes of the students. Control groups were also used in the rather comprehensive research design. Details of the study are described and the evaluation of results is presented. While some difference in achievement was observed, an interesting consequence was the higher ratings given by the students to the “innovative” version.
‘Cradle-to-grave’ assessment of existing lignocellulose pretreatment technologies

Pretreatment is considered to be a central unit process in a biorefinery to convert lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals, affecting all other operations in the process. A variety of technologies to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass are available today, which encompass a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological based processes. Among these, chemical based pretreatments are considered to be the most promising for future biorefineries. However, several key criteria regarding technical, economical, and environmental considerations should be critically analyzed when adapting these technologies for the nascent biorefinery industry. This review will discuss the most important pretreatment methods available today and will highlight key criteria for the development of a future ideal pretreatment.
Biological relevance of lipocortins and related proteins as inhibitors of phospholipase A2.

Abstract The therapeutic benefits of glucocorticoid treatment in the management of inflammation and other diseases are well established. Over the years, much time and effort have been expended to determine their mechanisms of action. “Lipocortins” and related proteins have recently received a great deal of attention as possible mediators of glucocorticoid action. A popular, but controversial hypothesis has been that lipocortins serve as specific inhibitors of phospholipase A 2 , a proposed controlling enzyme in the production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and other eicosanoids (see Ref. 1 for review), and thus control the inflammatory response. The origins and difficulties with this hypothesis will be the focus of this commentary.
Parsers for indexed grammars

This dissertation presents a new algorithm for parsing left-corner context-free grammars and develops extensions of context-free parsing concepts to indexed grammars. It presents a complete definition and algorithms for a class of indexed LL-parsable (ILL) grammars. These parsers are based on two-level pushdown automata. It also reports some of the problems in trying to extend left-corner techniques to indexed grammars. It includes an extensive bibliography of extensions to context-free grammars.
Shock disturbance of the I‐XE system

Three separate samples of the meteorite Bjurbole were artificially shocked at pressures of 70 kb, 200 kb, and 400 kb. Analysis of xenon released in stepwise heating shows that the I-Xe system of the 400 kb sample is substantially altered by the shock loading, and it is no longer possible to infer an age or trapped xenon composition for that sample. The 200-kb and 70-kb samples display isotopic structures progressively less altered demonstrating the gradations in shock disturbance likely to be found in natural systems. Interpretations of the I-Xe and Ar-40-Ar-39 systems for several naturally shocked meteorites are also presented. New data for Arapahoe do not confirm the previously reported age and trapped xenon composition, demonstrating instead that its I-Xe structure has been strongly disturbed by shock.
Diagrammatic many-body perturbation expansion for atoms and molecues: III. Third-order ring energies

The non-relativistic Schrodinger equation for the electronic Catalogue number: ACXH structure of atomic and molecular systems is considered within the Born—Oppenheimer approximation. Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University of Belfast, N. Ireland (see application form this Method of solution issue) The diagrammatic many-body perturbation expansion is employed through third-order in the energy and first-order C’omputer: IBM 360/91 in the wave function. All many-body terms are evaluated. The calculations are performed within the algebraic approximation [1] in which the one-electron state functions are parameterInstallation: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics ized by expansion in a finite set of basis functions. Computer Laboratory algorithms are presented for the evaluation of third-order hole—particle, or ring, diagrams. Operating system used: ASP Restrictions on the complexity of the problem Programming language: FORTRAN IV The reference wave function must be a non-degenerate, closed-shell Hartree—Fock determinant. The current program High speed storage required: 200 kilobytes is restricted to systems containing up to twenty electrons described by basis sets containing a maximum of 35 spatial Numberof bits in a byte: 8 functions. These latter restrictions are easily changed.
On the alternative to the Weibull function

Abstract It is pointed out that the distribution introduced by Neville and Kennedy [Neville DJ, Kennedy JB. An alternative to the Weibull function for some cases. J Mech Des 1991;113:195–9] (for modeling fracture toughness and fracture stress) is contained by at least two known families of distributions. Some elementary statistical properties of these families are discussed. Six data sets on fracture roughness are used to demonstrate that these families are much better models for fracture roughness than the one introduced by Neville [Neville DJ, Kennedy JB. An alternative to the Weibull function for some cases. J Mech Des 1991;113:195–9].
Farm Accounting Systems and Information Usage

Multinominal logit regressions were used to analyze differences in farmer's accounting methods. Accounting methods differed by farm types, farm size, farmer education level, and accounting report uses. Farms using accounting reports for decisionmaking tended to have more complex accounting systems and produced more reports.
Tellurium in rocks

Abstract Twenty different rocks have been analyzed for tellurium by atomic absorption. The average tellurium content of 12 igneous rocks is 82 p.p.b., with a range, 3.4 p.p.b. ≥ Te = 210 p.p.b. In ultrabasic rocks, the tellurium content is ≲ 10 p.p.b. Of the rocks analyzed, carbonates showed the highest Te content, 1–2 p.p.m., and the tellurium concentrations in 6 sedimentary rocks decrease in the following order: carbonates > shales > sandstones.
Systolic arrays for Viterbi processing in communication systems with a time-dispersive channel

The theory and design of systolic arrays for Viterbi processing in communication systems with a time-dispersive time-varying channel is discussed. The architecture, algorithms, and processor elements, for a two-dimensional systolic array are described. The array supports the branch metric computations required for an adaptive Viterbi processor. The array is designed so that computations propagate along the rows of the array, while data symbols propagate along the columns. All interprocessor data flow and connections within the array are nearest-neighbor. The array illustrates how the Viterbi-processor algorithms can be structured to achieve a high degree of computational concurrency. Variations in the array design are described and evaluated in terms of computational resource requirements and utilization and computational throughput. A high-bandwidth memory interface is proposed, and system design considerations are discussed. >
Operating characteristics of a linear flashlamp-pumped dye laser using a coaxial dye cell

Abstract The use of a coaxial dye cell in a linear flashlamp pumped dye laser is discussed. The characteristics of the flashlamps used are reported, illustrating the variation in peak power and energy at different emission wavelengths of the xenon discharge. Thermal lensing, encountered when using a coaxial dye cell is reported and its effect on the performance of the laser demostrated.
Podcasting acceptance on campus: The differing perspectives of teachers and students

Combining the Web and mobile technology, podcasting can be an effective tool for mobile and electronic learning, as it provides a learning environment anytime and anywhere. This research investigated how the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh, Thong, & Xu, 2012) can be applied to study the adoption of podcasting in higher education. Specifically, it examined whether and how user type (teachers or students) may affect differently adoption patterns of podcasting for educational purposes. The key findings include that for intent to adopt podcasting, effort expectancy is more important to students than teachers, while facilitating conditions factors such as copyright clearance and technical support availability are more important to teachers than students. The overall results are expected to contribute to theoretical development and industrial practices in promoting the acceptance of podcasting for educational purposes.
Distribution of energy in different-aged southeastern bottomland forests

Abstract The distribution of biomass and energy content was determined for even-aged, fully stocked , 10-, 20-, 40- and 60-year-old Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain river bottom (red and black), wet flat, and swamp (muck and peat) forest ecosystems. Small differences in interspecies caloric values (kilogram calories per kilogram dry weight) were observed. These ranged from 4503–5018 kcal/kg for foliage, 4456–4792 for branches, 4456–4868 for stem wood, and 4242–4951 for stem bark. Mean caloric values decreased in the order of foliage > stem wood > branch > stem bark. Maximum caloric value differences among the three bottomland hardwood forest types for Acerrubrum were 2.5 (foliage), 2.3. (branch), 1.8 (stem bark), and 0.9 (stem wood), and for Liquidambar styraflua were 4.3 (branch), 3.1 (foliage), 2.3 (stem bark), and 0.8 (stem wood) percent, respectively. Sapling trees (⩾ 2.5 Conventional harvesting regimes (all stems ⩾ 12.7 cm dbh to a 10-cm dob top) were estimated to remove approximately 72 (swamp), 69 (wet flat), and 64 (river bottom) percent of the energy accumulated in 60-year-old forests. Whole-tree harvest (all material of trees ⩾ 2.5 cm dbh) removed an additional 396.2, 402.8 and 382.9 × 106 kcal/ha in 60-year-old swamp, wet flat and river bottom forests, respectively.
Controls on geyser periodicity.

Geyser eruption frequency is not constant over time and has been shown to vary with small (≤10–6) strains induced by seismic events, atmospheric loading, and Earth tides. The geyser system is approximated as a permeable conduit of intensely fractured rock surrounded by a less permeable rock matrix. Numerical simulation of this conceptual model yields a set of parameters that controls geyser existence and periodicity. Much of the responsiveness to remote seismicity and other small strains in the Earth can be explained in terms of variations in permeability and lateral recharge rates.
A Sensory Panel and Chemical Analysis of Certain Beef Chuck Muscles

Sensory panel and Warner-Bratzler Shear (WBS) values of nine muscles (biceps brachii, complexus, deep pectoral, infraspinatus, longissimus, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis, supraspinatus and triceps brachii) from the beef chuck. The deep pectoral, infraspinatus and rhomboideus were used to determine myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), and the infraspinatus and rhomboideus were used to study myofibrillar protein degradation. The infraspinatus was scored the most tender and palatable, and the rhomboideus was scored least tender and palatable. Greater protein degradation differences were observed in myofibrils isolated from the infraspinatus muscle than in those from the rhomboideus for the proteins titin, nebulin and troponin-T.
Describing-function analysis of a ripple regulator with slew-rate limits and time delays

The effects of time delays and slew-rate limits on the steady-state operating points and performance of a free-running ripple regulator are evaluated using describing-function analysis. The describing function of an ideal comparator (no time delays or slew rate limits) has no phase shift and is independent of frequency. It is found that turn-on delay and turn-off delay have different effects on gain and phase and cannot be combined. Comparator hysteresis affects both gain and phase; likewise, time delays generally affect both gain and phase. It is found that the effective time delay around the feedback loop is one half the sum of turn-on and turn-off delays, regardless of whether the delays are caused by storage time or slew rate limits. Expressions are formulated for the switching frequency, switch duty ratio, DC output, and output ripple. For the case of no hysteresis, a simple graphical solution for the switching frequency is possible, and the resulting switching frequency is independent of first-order variations of input or load. >
Current Crowding in High Performance Low-Loss HFET RF Switches

We report on an integrated low-loss, high-isolation RF switch using large periphery AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) connected in a Gamma-cell configuration. The insertion loss was below 0.27 dB and isolation exceeded 28 dB in the frequency range from direct current to 2 GHz. The unit-width ON resistance of large periphery HFETs was slightly higher than that of narrower devices due to current crowding in the metal electrodes. Modeling of the observed current crowding effect predicts that an optimized design will yield less than a 0.1 dB insertion loss, which is comparable to the best RF MEMS.
Empirical Analysis of Delivery Vehicle On-Street Parking Pattern in Manhattan Area

AbstractParking in big cities is never easy. Policy-makers and transportation planners have developed many strategies to accommodate increasing parking demand. However, most of them focus on passenger vehicles, and analysis of delivery vehicle parking is still limited. This study uses recent disaggregate data of freight delivery patterns collected in the Manhattan area, which is rarely available in freight studies, to explore the factors influencing delivery vehicle on-street parking characteristics and drivers’ behavior. A duration model is used to analyze delivery vehicle on-street parking duration, and a count data model is used to analyze the parking frequency of delivery tours. With the outputs of these models, the effectiveness of different traffic-management and parking-management strategies are assessed. The results show that policies encouraging smaller delivery vehicle, higher loading efficiency, and shorter parking duration will reduce congestion and economic losses. The results also demonstrat...
Vortex molecules in spinor condensates

Condensates of atoms with spins can have vortices of several types; these are related to the symmetry group of the atoms' ground state. We discuss how, when a condensate is placed in a small magnetic field that breaks the spin symmetry, these vortices may form bound states. Using symmetry classification of vortex charge and rough estimates for vortex interactions, one can show that some configurations that are stable at zero temperature can decay at finite temperatures by crossing over energy barriers. Our focus is cyclic spin-2 condensates which have tetrahedral symmetry.
Synchrotron radiation by fast fermions in heavy-ion collisions

We study the synchrotron radiation of gluons by fast quarks in strong magnetic field produced by colliding relativistic heavy ions. We argue that due to high electric conductivity of plasma, the magnetic field is almost constant during the entire plasma lifetime. We calculate the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation of gluons by fast quarks. We find that the typical energy loss per unit length for a light quark at the Large Hadron Collider is a few GeV per fm. This effect alone predicts quenching of jets with ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ up to about 20 GeV. We also show that the spin-flip transition effect accompanying the synchrotron radiation leads to a strong polarization of quarks and leptons with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. Observation of the lepton polarization may provide a direct evidence of existence of strong magnetic field in heavy-ion collisions.
Dynamical and probabilistic approaches to the study of blackout vulnerability of the power transmission grid

The CASCADE probabilistic model for cascading failures gives a simple characterization of the transition from an isolated failure to a system-wide collapse as system loading increases. Using the basic ideas of this model, the parameters that lead to a similar characterization for power transmission system blackouts are identified in the OPA dynamical model of series of blackouts. The comparison between the CASCADE and OPA models yields parameters that can be computed from the OPA model that indicate a threshold for cascading failure blackouts. This is a first step towards computing similar parameters for real power transmission systems.
Discovering How Students Search a Library Web Site: A Usability Case Study

Have Internet search engines influenced the way students search library Web pages? The results of this usability study reveal that students consistently and frequently use the library Web site’s internal search engine to find information rather than navigating through pages. If students are searching rather than navigating, library Web page designers must make metadata and powerful search engines priorities. The study also shows that students have difficulty interpreting library terminology, experience confusion discerning difference amongst library resources, and prefer to seek human assistance when encountering problems online. These findings imply that library Web sites have not alleviated some of the basic and long-range problems that have challenged librarians in the past.
The Effects Of Constant Time Delay, Practice In Writing Or Spelling, And Reinforcement On Sight Word Recognition In A Small Group

The role of a treatment package consisting of constant time delay, practice in writing or spelling target words, and token reinforcement in teaching sight word recognition to a small group of three students in a learning and behavior disorders resource room was evaluated in this investigation. In the context of a multiple probe analysis, it was demonstrated that all students acquired the target sight words only after training. Additionally, two students showed modest increases in writing or spelling the target words on which they received practice, and all three students learned some words through observation of their peers. The limitations of the present investigation are discussed, and directions for future research are provided.
Harmful Effects of NSAIDs among Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease

BACKGROUND: There is limited information about the safety of chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis from the INternational VErapamil Trandolapril STudy (INVEST), which enrolled patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. At each visit, patients were asked by the local site investigator if they were currently taking NSAIDs. Patients who reported NSAID use at every visit were defined as chronic NSAID users, while all others (occasional or never users) were defined as nonchronic NSAID users. The primary composite outcome was all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Cox regression was used to construct a multivariate analysis for the primary outcome. RESULTS: There were 882 chronic NSAID users and 21,694 nonchronic NSAID users (n 14,408 for never users and n7286 for intermittent users). At a mean follow-up of 2.7 years, the primary outcome occurred at a rate of 4.4 events per 100 patient-years in the chronic NSAID group, versus 3.7 events per 100 patient-years in the nonchronic NSAID group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.82; P.0003). This was due to an increase in cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 2.26; 95% CI, 1.70-3.01; P.0001). CONCLUSION: Among hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease, chronic self-reported use of NSAIDs was associated with an increased risk of adverse events during long-term follow-up.
Mechanistic variety in zirconium-catalyzed bond-forming reaction of arsines

Triamidoamine-supported zirconium complexes have been demonstrated to catalyze a range of bond-forming events utilizing arsines. Three different mechanisms have been observed in these reactions. In the first mechanism, triamidoamine-supported zirconium complexes of the general type (N3N)ZrX (N3N = N(CH2CH2NSiMe3)33−; X = monoanionic ligand) catalyzed the dehydrogenative dimerization of diphenylarsine. Mechanistic analysis revealed that As–As bond formation proceeds via σ-bond metathesis steps similar to the previously reported dehydrocoupling of phosphines by the same catalysts. In the second mechanism, sterically encumbered primary arsines appear to be dehydrocoupled via α elimination of an arsinidene fragment. Dehydrocoupling of dmpAsH2 (dmp = 2,6-dimesitylphenyl) to form (dmp)As = As(dmp) by (N3N)Zr-complexes appeared to proceed via elimination of dmpAs: from the arsenido intermediate, (N3N)ZrAsH(dmp). Further support for α-arsinidene elimination came from the thermal decomposition of (N3N)ZrAsHMes (9) to (MesAs)4 (10), which obeyed first-order kinetics. In the third mechanism, the observation of stoichiometric insertion reactivity of the Zr–As bond with polar substrates, PhCH2NC, PhCN, (1-napthyl)NCS, and CS2, led to the development of intermolecular hydroarsination catalysis of terminal alkynes. Here, (N3N)ZrAsPh2 (2) catalyzed the addition of diphenylarsine to phenylacetylene and 1-hexyne to give the respective vinylarsine products. Arsenido complexes 2 and 9 and tetraarsine 10 have been structurally characterized.
Magnetic domain wall dislocation analogy and intrinsic coercivity

A close analogy is shown to exist between a discrete crystal model of a magnetic domain wall and the Frenkel-Kontorowa model for crystal dislocations. It is used here for a simple calculation of the intrinsic coercivity (that due solely to the discrete character of the crystal lattice) of a 180° wall in an otherwise perfect crystal. On a purely continuum level, the analogy between dislocations and domain walls as two types of mobile crystal defects has been stressed by Akulov [1]. As will be seen in the present paper, the analogy extends to the atomistic level and a simple discrete model of a domain wall leads to difference equations which are similar to those of the Frenkel-Kontorowa model [2] for a dislocation. Some of the analytical experience and physical insight gained in the treatment of the latter problem, therefore, can be transferred to the magnetic case. As an example we reexamine in the light of this analogy the concept recently introduced by van den Broek and Zijlstra [3] of intrinsic coercivity due to the discrete nature of the crystal lattice. To understand the nature of this concept consider the following idealized situation: an infinite crystal contains a single planar 180° magnetic domain wall and no other defects. From a continuum quasi-static viewpoint this wall would be perfectly mobile, moving freely (even in the absence of thermal or zero-point motion) under an arbitrarily small applied magnetic field. However, if one adopts a discrete, atomistic viewpoint, then two equivalent equilibrium domain wall configurations which differ only by the displacement through one lattice parameter will be separated by a small energy barrier and a nonzero applied magnetic field H c will be required to move it. This situation is completely analogous in crystal dislocation theory to the concept of the Peierls stress, which is defined as the stress required to move a straight dislocation, quasi-statically, from one equilibrium position to an adjacent equilibrium position in the absence of other defects and without the aid of thermal or zero-point motion. Its calculation also requires a model which includes the discrete character of the crystal; a purely continuum calculation leads to a zero Peierls stress. In fact, because of the close analogy, it might be desirable to use the term Peierls field for the critical applied field strength H c since this term so clearly conveys the concept, at least to those familiar with dislocation theory. The general nature of the model of a 180° domain wall is similar to that employed by van den Broek and Zijlstra [3].
Interstitial Lung Disease in the Connective Tissue Diseases

The connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are inflammatory, immune-mediated disorders in which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common and clinically important. Interstitial lung disease may be the first manifestation of a CTD in a previously healthy patient. CTD-associated ILD frequently presents with the gradual onset of cough and dyspnea, although rarely may present with fulminant respiratory failure. Infection and drug reaction should always be ruled out. A diagnosis of idiopathic ILD should never be made without a careful search for subtle evidence of underlying CTD. Treatment of CTD-ILD typically includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents.
Dependence of birefringence and residual stress near laser-induced cracks in fused silica on laser fluence and on laser-pulse number.

Measurements of birefringence induced in fused-silica specimens by a crack produced by a 351-nm/500-ps Nd:glass laser as a function of laser fluence FL and of number of laser shots N are presented. The varying dimensional parameter is found to be the crack depth a and can be put in the form a(mm) = (0.0096 ± 0.0021)N[(FL/Fexit/th) - 1]2/3 with FL ≥ Fexit/th(Fexit/th is the exit-surface damage threshold). The retardance data are converted into units of stress, thus permitting the estimation of residual stress near the crack. The results of the measured residual stress can be cast in the form σr(MPa) ≈ (0.0386 ± 0.0051)[(FL/Fexit/th) - 1]1/2 N2/3 with FL≥ Fexit/th. A theoretical model giving the stress field around a crack is developed for comparison and shows reasonable agreement with the experiment. Good agreement with experimental data of others is also obtained. The effect of residual stresses on fracture strength is pointed out. The results obtained show that the presence of birefringence/residual stress in a fused-silica specimen with a crack on its surface has a strong effect on fracture and should be taken into account in any formulation that involves the failure strength of optical components used in inertial-confinement-fusion experiments.
Nonsterile Glove Use in Addition to Hand Hygiene to Prevent Late-Onset Infection in Preterm Infants: Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Late-onset infections commonly occur in extremely preterm infants and are associated with high rates of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment. Hand hygiene alone does not always achieve the desired clean hands, as microorganisms are still present more than 50% of the time. We hypothesize that glove use after hand hygiene may further decrease these infections. Objective To determine if nonsterile glove use after hand hygiene before all patient and intravenous catheter contact, compared with hand hygiene alone, prevents late-onset infections in preterm infants. Design, Settings, and Participants A prospective, single-center, clinical, randomized trial was conducted in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit who weighed less than 1000 g and/or had a gestational age of less than 29 weeks and were less than 8 days old. There were 175 eligible infants, of which 120 were enrolled during a 30-month period from December 8, 2008, to June 20, 2011. Interventions Infants were randomly assigned to receive care with nonsterile gloves after hand hygiene (group A) or care after hand hygiene alone (group B) before all patient and intravenous line (central and peripheral) contact. Study intervention was continued while patients had central or peripheral venous access. Main Outcomes and Measures One or more episodes of late-onset (>72 hours of age) infection in the bloodstream, urinary tract, or cerebrospinal fluid or necrotizing enterocolitis. Results The 2 groups were similar in baseline demographic characteristics. Late-onset invasive infection or necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in 32% of infants (19 of 60) in group A compared with 45% of infants (27 of 60) in group B (difference, −12%; 95% CI, −28% to 6%; P = .13). In group A compared with group B, there were 53% fewer gram-positive bloodstream infections (15% [9 of 60] vs 32% [19 of 60]; difference, −17%; 95% CI, −31% to −1%; P = .03) and 64% fewer central line–associated bloodstream infections (3.4 vs 9.4 per 1000 central line days; ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.81; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance Glove use after hand hygiene prior to patient and line contact is associated with fewer gram-positive bloodstream infections and possible central line–associated bloodstream infections in preterm infants. This readily implementable infection control measure may result in decreased infections in high-risk preterm infants. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01729000
Protecting Web servers from security holes in server-side includes

This paper first investigates and analyzes security holes concerning the use of server-side includes (SSI) in some of the most used Web server software packages. We show that, by exploiting features of SSI, one could seriously compromise Web server security. For example, we demonstrate how users can gain access to information they are not supposed to see, and how attackers can crash a Web server computer by having an HTML file execute a simple program. Such attacks can be made with no trace left behind. We have successfully carried out all the attacks described in this paper on dummy servers we set up for this investigation. We then suggest several practical security measures to prevent a Web server from such attacks.
Plasmonic Metaresonance Nanosensors: Ultrasensitive Tunable Optical Sensors Based on Nanoparticle Molecules

We introduce novel ultra-sensitive tunable optical nanosensors based on conceptually new physical phenomena and techniques. The core foundation of these sensors is based on molecular-like behavior of hybrid systems consisting of metallic nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots when they interact with a laser field (activating field). Therefore, instead of using plasmons or excitons as in conventional sensors, in these nanosensors we utilize the characteristic resonances of such metamolecules (plasmonic metaresonances) caused by coherent exciton-plasmon coupling. It is shown that such resonances can be tuned by changing the intensity of the laser field responsible for activating the nanoparticle-hybrid systems. Therefore, these nanosensors are tunable with significant dynamic range and ultrahigh sensitivity. The proposed optical nanosensors can be used for real-time detection of chemical and biological substances and variation of the physical parameters of nanoscale systems (temperature, conformational changes, etc.).
Can Urban Planning Reduce Obesity? The Role of Self-Selection in Explaining the Link between Weight and Urban Sprawl

I the United States, obesity has risen at an epidemic rate during the past 20 years (Flegal et al.). Recent studies by urban planning and public health researchers find that development patterns associated with urban sprawl are a significant determinant of obesity rates in the U.S. population (Ewing et al.; Frank, Andresen, and Schmid; Lopez). Several explanations are offered. First, poor connectivity in street networks and low-density and single-use development increase trip distances and reduce physical activity by making walking and bicycling impractical and unsafe. Second, low-density development reduces the viability of public transportation. As a result, people must commute to and from work by automobile, which can lead to traffic congestion and the diversion of time from activities such as exercising. Third, modern suburban developments do not adequately provide facilities such as parks that permit and encourage physical activity. An important assumption in the urban planning/public health studies is that urban form is exogenous to an individual’s weight.1 Thus, the researchers consider how an individual is affected by the pattern of land use where they reside, but do not account for the individual’s choice of residence. If weight affects an individual’s choice of the type of neighborhood to reside in, then the sprawl measures in earlier studies are endogenous regressors and the coefficient
Helium implantation effects on the compressive response of Cu nanopillars.

A fabrication methodology for 120 nm-diameter, -oriented single crystalline Cu nanopillars which are uniformly implanted with helium is described. Uniaxial compression experiments reveal that their yield strength is 30% higher than that of their unimplanted counterparts. This study sheds light on the fundamental understanding of the deformation mechanism of irradiated metallic nanocrystals, and has important implications for the interplay between irradiation-induced defects and the external sample dimensions in the nanoscale.
Alkoxy Silanes as External Donors for Polypropylene Procatalyst: Study on Polymerization Performance and Effect on Resin Properties

Effect of alkoxy silane [R1Si(OR2)3] on propylene polymerization was studied by systematic variation of functional groups e.g R2 = CH3, R1 = ‒OCH3, ‒CH3, ‒(CH2)2CH3, ‒(CH2)3N(CH3)2, ‒(CH2)3N(C2H5)2. Increase in bulkiness of alkyl group from ‒OCH3 to ‒(CH2)3N(C2H5)2 leads to decrease in productivity of catalyst with increase in MFI. Kinetics study revealed reduction of Rp0 and increase in decay kinetic constant with increase in bulkiness of functional groups. Morphology study by SEM of polypropylene particles illustrated that resin particle shape (particle circularity, topography and flowability) have been comparative. Polypropylene particle size distribution study revealed shift toward higher particles size regime for bulkier groups.
Investigating Pattern Transfer in the Small-Gap Regime Using Electron-Beam Stabilized Nanoparticle Array Etch Masks

Extreme small-gap lithography is necessary for future bit-patterned media, but is under-explored due to lack of etch masks with small enough gaps. Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays featuring 2 nm gaps are promising candidates, but exhibit lateral instability during etching. We present a novel one-step method for stabilizing their order by exposing to intense electron beam doses, and show pattern transfer into an underlying Si wafer. Electron beam-induced cross-linking of the surfactant is hypothesized to explain the improved stability. We suggest that this process could be used to pattern hard masks for subsequent pattern transfer into underlying magnetic films, with the gap and feature size required for bit patterned media to achieve densities in excess of 2 terabits per square inch.
Discussion: Bayesian Methods: Applied? Yes. Philosophical Defense? In Flux

6. CONCLUSIONS The state of Bayesian statistics in the twenty-first century is strong. Bayesian statistics provides relatively simple tools to address the increasingly complex models that modern technology and concerns have brought to the fore. But the history of Bayesian methodology was difficult in the twentieth century. It is desirable for us to know where Bayesian statistics has been, not only where Bayesian statistics is going. It is useful for us to know the scientific and philosophical basis for Bayesian statistics, not only the techniques that allow its application.
Data reduction in the mixed-sensitivity H ∞ design problem

This paper addresses the generalized mixed sensitivity H∞ design problem for linear time-invariant systems. The state space approach is used to investigate the internal structure of this design problem which inherits many pole-zero cancellations. The Toeplitz plus Hankel operator, essential to the computation of the achievable performance, is embedded in this approach. Not only the McMillan degree but also the structure of the H∞ controller can be visualized. Mathematical software can be implemented efficiently.
Pyridylpyrrolides as alternatives to cyclometalated phenylpyridine ligands: synthesis and characterization of luminescent zinc and boron pyridylpyrrolide complexes †

The synthesis, structure, and properties of six luminescent pyridylpyrrolide complexes and the first structural characterization of pyridylpyrrolide metal complexes are reported. A series of new zinc complexes, bis(pyridylpyrrolyl)zinc, (R2PyrPy)2Zn (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, and Ph), that vary in their substituents on the pyrrole ring (Me, Et, iPr, tBu, and Ph), were prepared. Pyrrole substitution produced small structural changes in the complexes and affected the fluorescence properties very little. The zinc complexes were found to be luminescent, emitting at 495 nm (Φ = 0.32, 0.32 0.31, 0.19 and 0.57, respectively). A boron analog, (Me2PyrPy)BF2, was prepared and was found to share the luminescent properties with the zinc complexes, emitting at 505 nm (Φ = 0.22), but not their water-sensitivity. A total of four crystal structures are reported, tBu2PyrPyH, (Me2PyrPy)2Zn, (tBu2PyrPy)2Zn, and (Me2PyrPy)BF2. tBu2PyrPyH crystallizes as a doubly hydrogen bonded dimer with non-coplanar pyridine and pyrrole rings. The solid-state structures of (Me2PyrPy)2Zn and (tBu2PyrPy)2Zn revealed that despite the large change in steric bulk, the two compounds have very similar structures. The structure of (Me2PyrPy)BF2 showed changes that are expected with the interaction between a smaller atom (B as compared to Zn). Molecular orbital calculations were performed on Me2PyrPyH, (Me2PyrPy)BF2, and (Me2PyrPy)2Zn using Gaussian 98 methods. It was found that the main transition (HOMO–LUMO) for all three molecules is a π → π* transition and that in the inorganic complexes, the metal atom (zinc or boron) present has very little effect on transition, evidence that the optical properties are largely ligand based and that the B or Zn atom's main effect is lowering of the LUMO relative energy.