cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of large ALUs using multiple PLA macros

This paper describes methods of designing large Arithmetic and Logical Units (ALUs) using multiple Programmable Logic Array (PLA) macros in which the outputs are obtained in one cycle corresponding to one pass through any PLA. The design is based on the well-known technique of providing conditional sums and group carries in parallel and selecting the proper sum using gating circuits. The PLA for each group of bits uses an adder design published by Weinberger in which each bit of the sum is formed from the EXCLUSIVE-OR of two outputs of the OR array. By placing the gating circuits in front of the EXCLUSIVE-OR circuits, the sums can be obtained using two array outputs for each bit and one additional OR array output for each internal string of bits. Also discussed are how ALUs containing more than two groups can obtain the group carries using a separate carry-look-ahead PLA macro and how this macro can be compressed by using special decoders and special physical design layout techniques. Additionally, the paper demonstrates how the PLAs can be used to provide detection of overflow and of zero results, and to also provide Boolean operations.
Prisoners of War and American Self-Image during the American Revolution:

During the American Revolution, accounts of the experiences of prisoners of war helped those fighting for the cause of independence to create a definition of American liberty. In highlighting the ‘...
Biologic nanoparticles and platelet reactivity

Aim: Nanosized particles (NPs) enriched in hydroxyapatite and protein isolated from calcified human tissue accelerate occlusion of endothelium-denuded arteries when injected intravenously into rabbits. Since platelet aggregation and secretory processes participate in normal hemostasis, thrombosis and vascular remodeling, experiments were designed to determine if these biologic NPs alter specific platelet functions in vitro. Methods: Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from citrate anticoagulated human blood. Platelet aggregation and ATP secretion were monitored in response to thrombin receptor agonists peptide (10 µM) or convulxin (50 µg/ml) prior to and following 15 min incubation with either control solution, human-derived NPs, bovine-derived NPs or crystals of hydroxyapatite at concentrations of 50 and 150 nephelometric turbidity units. Results: Incubation of platelets for 15 min with either human- or bovine-derived NPs reduced aggregation induced by thrombin receptor activator peptide and convulxin in a...
APHA Policies on Universal Health Care: Health for a Few or Health for All?

The American Public Health Association (APHA) has long advocated the development of a system of universal health care for all US residents. APHA has adopted several policies on this topic that stress the financing of the system of universal health care under a single-payer mechanism. However, this approach has never been adopted by US policymakers. The need for universal health coverage in the United States is growing more acute, and failure to provide such coverage threatens the health status of the public. I propose an alternative approach to the single-payer system that is based on incremental extension of existing coverage mechanisms, accompanied by fundamental reform of the health care delivery system. This approach is in keeping with the traditional methods of policy development in the United States, and I urge APHA to assume leadership in advocating it.
Reduction of ionosphere divergence error in GPS code measurement smoothing by use of a non-linear process

This paper develops a single-frequency filter for smoothing GPS code measurements using a nonlinear method. The method zeroes steady-state divergence errors caused by ionospheric storms. The filter has significant potential to improve the availability of safety-critical differential GPS systems such as Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS). These systems, of which the Local Area Augmented System (LAAS) is one example, typically rely on a Hatch Filter for code smoothing. Although the Hatch filter offers excellent noise reduction and ease of implement under nominal conditions, the filter amplifies ionosphere errors under rare, anomalous storm conditions. Our method generalizes the Hatch Filter by adding a correction term which is computed through a nonlinear process. The nonlinear process detects high ionosphere-delay gradients and estimates the appropriate correction term for the Hatch Filter. Experimental trials indicate that the nonlinear filter not only zeroes steady-state divergence but also reduces maximum transient errors by 0-25% relative to the Hatch Filter without impacting filter noise under nominal conditions.
Numerical Procedures and Practical Experience of Assessment of Parametric Roll of Container Carriers

The paper examines several aspects related to practical assessment of parametric roll of container carriers. The numerical procedure is based on application of the Large Amplitude Motion Program (LAMP), the nonlinear potential flow code. Viscous roll damping is included from the roll decay test. The rational choice of the loading conditions is considered. Practical non-ergodicity of the response is taken into account.
Minimum-energy multicast tree in cognitive radio networks

We address the multicast problem in cognitive radio networks, where secondary users exploit channels temporarily unused by primary users (i.e., spectrum opportunities). The existence of a communication link between two secondary users depends not only on the transmission power of the secondary transmitter and the distance between these two users, but also on the occurrence of spectrum opportunities. This dependency on the occurrence of spectrum opportunities complicates the construction of an efficient multicast tree in cognitive radio networks. By taking into account this dependency, we propose a low-complexity approximation algorithm with bounded performance guarantee for constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree, which transforms the multicast problem into a directed Steiner tree problem. We also demonstrate this dependency by studying the impact of the traffic load of the primary network on the minimum-energy multicast tree.
Supraspinal gene transfer by intrathecal adeno-associated virus serotype 5

We report the pattern of transgene expression across brain regions after intrathecal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5). Labeling in hindbrain appeared to be primarily neuronal, and was detected in sensory nuclei of medulla, pontine nuclei, and all layers of cerebellar cortex. Expression in midbrain was minimal, and generally limited to isolated neurons and astrocytes in the cerebral peduncles. GFP immunoreactivity (-ir) in thalamus was most prominent in medial geniculate nucleus, and otherwise limited to posterior nuclei of the dorsal and lateral margins. Labeling was also observed in neurons and astrocytes of the hippocampal formation and amygdaloid complex. In the hippocampal formation, GFP-ir was found in neuronal cell bodies of the rostral ventral portion, but was largely restricted to fiber-like staining in the molecular layer of dentate gyrus and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the rostral dorsal region. GFP-ir was seen in neurons and astroglia throughout caudal cortex, whereas in rostral regions of neocortex it was limited to isolated neurons and non-neuronal cells. Labeling was also present in olfactory bulb. These results demonstrate that intrathecal delivery of AAV5 vector leads to transgene expression in discrete CNS regions throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the neuraxis. A caudal-to-rostral gradient of decreasing GFP-ir was present in choroid plexus and Purkinje cells, suggesting that spread of virus through cerebrospinal fluid plays a role in the resulting transduction pattern. Other factors contributing to the observed expression pattern likely include variations in cell-surface receptors and inter-parenchymal space.
The Manchu-Chinese Dyarchy in the 1840's and '50's

Under the Confucian government of men, the Sino-barbarian dyarchy of the Ch'ing dynasty could be preserved only by a careful balancing of Chinese and Manchu personnel. Once the half-and-half division of posts had been set up at the capital after the Manchu conquest, the maintenance of this rough proportion became a guaranty both of Chinese participation in the central government and of Manchu control over it. The problem of Manchu control cut into the usual problems of personnel management in a clique-ridden bureaucracy. The imperial government was a political labyrinth of personal, provincial, regional, racial, ideological and functional groupings and relationships—confusing to the novice and baffling to the foreigner. Manchu domination of this bureaucracy was an exacting and delicate task: it was essential both to use the best Chinese talent and to keep it diluted with a proper proportion of Manchus. If the official hierarchy at the capital contained too many Manchu incompetents, the regime might become dangerously inefficient. If the hierarchy in the provinces became all Chinese, Manchu rule might soon collapse.
Anti-predator behavior of larval walleyes and saugeyes

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate differences in the anti-predator behavior of larval walleyes (Sander vitreus) and saugeyes (walleye × sauger [Sander canadensis]). Larval fish (5–7 and 12–14 days old) were exposed to a simulated predator to determine the number of attacks required to elicit a response and to determine differences in movement rates and orientation (e.g. time spent in the upper water column) between species related to predator attack. Five to seven day old saugeyes exhibited a response to the model predator on the first or second approach, while walleyes required one to seven approaches. In addition, 5–7 day old saugeyes responded to a simulated attack by rapidly swimming; whereas, walleyes showed little response in swimming action. When larvae were 12–14 days old, both walleyes and saugeyes responded to the simulated predator attack on the first or second approach by rapidly swimming. Regardless of age, neither walleyes nor saugeyes showed a response in orientation to preda...
Does Corporate Performance Determine Capital Structure and Dividend Policy

We present an integrated theory of capital structure and dividend policy in which both financial policy choices are driven by the same underlying factors and jointly determined as implicit governance mechanisms to allocate control over real (project ch oice) decisions between managers and investors. At one extreme is a very highly levered firm with very little equity. Such a firm puts the maximum control over project choice in the hands of investors. At the other extreme is an all-equity firm that pays no dividends. Such a firm puts the maximum control in the hands of the manager. Between these two extremes is a continuum of control allocations determined by different debt-equity ratios and different dividend payout ratios. Higher debt-equity ratios a nd higher dividend payouts lead to greater investor control. Control matters even though there are no agency or asymmetric information problems because of a divergence of beliefs between the manager and investors that could lead to disagreement over the valuemaximizing project choice. The extent of the potential disagreement depends upon the firm’s prior performance. The manager sets the firm’s dividend policy and capital structure to optimally trade off the value he attaches to being in control of project choice against the decline in stock price from taking control away from investors. We generate testable predictions from the theory and then test them empirically. These tests provide strong support for the theory.
Consequential effects of increased biofuel demand in Spain: global crop area and CO2 emissions from indirect land use change.

Abstract The indirect Land Use Change (iLUC) impacts of biofuels refer to the effects of additional emissions due to land-use changes triggered by the expansion of energy crops in response to increased biofuel demand. These emissions are mostly greenhouse gases (GHG), thus relevant to the climate change impact category. In order to address these effects, the European Commission (EC) has proposed the inclusion of feedstock type specific iLUC factors for different biofuel sources in the Renewable Energy Sources Directive 2009/28/EC (RED). The goal of this study is to quantify the indirect environmental impacts both in terms of global energy crop land area and the subsequent iLUC, if an additional demand of biofuel in Spain occurs, from a consequential approach. Results show a wide range of GHG emissions, in terms of CO 2 , of biodiesel and bioethanol from iLUC effects, strongly influenced by the place where the potential biofuel is produced. Based on our study, two main aspects -determine the iLUC effects: the dedicated energy crops that are used to produce biofuels and the different coproducts obtained along the biofuels production process. Therefore, contrary to the EC proposal for including a single factor by type of crop, the development of origin-dependent iLUC factors seems to be a more appropriate alternative based on the current assessment. Other aspects that might affect the results, such as crop rotation or field management, have been excluded from the analysis in this work.
Abstract 323: ABCA1 Expression Promotes ApoAI Acidification on the Plasma Membrane via Recruitment of Vacuolar ATPase

Objective: We have shown that ABCA1 mediates unfolding of apoAI N-terminal helical hairpin on the cell surface. Others have shown that apoAI can solubilize liposomes made with egg PC:PS (8:2) only at acidic pH, where apoAI has unfolded to expose more hydrophobic surfaces. We postulated that ABCA1 may mediate the local acidification of the plasma membrane to promote apoAI unfolding and lipidation. Methods and Results: We found that apoAI unfolding in guanidine was facilitated at pH 5.0 vs. pH 7.5 (EC50 = 0.75 M and 0.94 M guanidine, respectively). We confirmed that apoAI solubilization of and binding to POPC:PS liposomes was only effective at pH < 5.5. We then designed a fluorescent ratiometric apoAI pH indicator labeling apoAI with FITC and Alexa647, and validated it in solution assays showing that the FITC/Alexa647 ratio decreased as the pH decreased. Using flow cytometry in both RAW264.7 and BHK cell lines, we found that incubation of the apoAI pH indicator with ABCA1 expressing cells at 37oC led to a l...
Rectangular Patterns Using Block Copolymer Directed Assembly for High Bit Aspect Ratio Patterned Media

We report a nanofabrication method that combines block copolymer directed assembly with e-beam lithography to achieve highly uniform rectangular patterns with a critical dimension of 16 nm, a full pitch of 27 nm, and arbitrary aspect ratio. This fabrication method enables geometries that are not natural to block copolymer assembly, preserves both the feature uniformity and the center-to-center spacing of the original block copolymer, sustains long-range translational order, and facilitates high-resolution, high-density patterns through feature density multiplication. These highly uniform arrays of dense rectangular features are particularly attractive for fabricating magnetic bit patterned media with high bit aspect ratio.
Dispersion Indices and Sampling Plans for the Broad Mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and the Citrus Rust Mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Limes

Taylor's power law and Iwao's patchiness regression were used to analyze spatial distributions of broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), and citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), on lime trees during winter, spring, summer, and fall between 1985 and 1987. Taylor's power law generally provided a better description of variance-mean relationships for both species than did Iwao's patchiness regression. Both species exhibited aggregated patterns of spatial distribution, but patterns of distribution differed among species. Sample size requirements for fixed levels of precision were determined by using estimated variance-mean relationships obtained from Taylor's power law regressions.
Determination of trace lead,cadmium and chromium in whole blood with rapid acid extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric

Objective To establish a method for determination of trace lead,cadmium and chromium in whole blood by graphite furnace atomic absorption apectrometry with acid extraction. Methods The target elements in whole blood were extracted with5% nitric acid and then the extractant was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mixture of2% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 2% of magnesium nitrate solution was used as matrix modifier,and zeeman background correction and standard addition method were used for quantification. Results A good linear ranges were achieved within 5 μg / L-60 μg / L,0. 5 μg / L-6 μg / L and 2 μg / L-20 μg / L for lead,cadmium and chromium,respectively,with correlation coefficients more than 0. 999. The recoveries were among 95. 3%-104. 0%,and RSD was among 2. 31%-5. 29%. The method was validated using the reference of global blood lead from Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene in the United States,and all the measured results were within the allowed values of the standard references. Conclu sion This method is rapid,convenient,environmentally friendly and accurate,it is suitable for the analysis of lead,cadmium and chromium in whole blood with large quantities samples.
Patient-reported outcomes of a multicenter phase 2 study investigating gemcitabine and stereotactic body radiation therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Abstract Purpose We previously reported clinical outcomes and physician-reported toxicity of gemcitabine and hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Here we prospectively investigate the impact of gemcitabine and SBRT on patient-reported quality of life (QoL). Methods and materials Forty-nine LAPC patients received 33 Gy SBRT (6.6 Gy daily fractions) upfront or after ≤3 doses of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m 2 ) followed by gemcitabine until progression. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL core cancer (QLQ-C30) and pancreatic cancer-specific (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-PAN26) questionnaires were administered to patients pre-SBRT and at 4 to 6 weeks (first follow-up [1FUP]) and 4 months (2FUP) post-SBRT. Changes in QoL scores were deemed clinically relevant if median changes were at least 5 points in magnitude. Results Forty-three (88%) patients completed pre-SBRT questionnaires. Of these, 88% and 51% completed questionnaires at 1FUP and 2FUP, respectively. There was no change in global QoL from pre-SBRT to 1FUP ( P = .17) or 2FUP ( P > .99). Statistical and clinical improvements in pancreatic pain ( P = .001) and body image ( P = .007) were observed from pre-SBRT to 1FUP. Patients with 1FUP and 2FUP questionnaires reported statistically and clinically improved body image ( P = .016) by 4 months. Although pancreatic pain initially demonstrated statistical and clinical improvement ( P = .020), scores returned to enrollment levels by 2FUP ( P = .486). A statistical and clinical decline in role functioning ( P = .002) was observed in patients at 2FUP. Conclusions Global QoL scores are not reduced with gemcitabine and SBRT. In this exploratory analysis, patients experience clinically relevant short-term improvements in pancreatic cancer-specific symptoms. Previously demonstrated acceptable clinical outcomes combined with these favorable QoL data indicate that SBRT can be easily integrated with other systemic therapies and may be a potential standard of care option in patients with LAPC.
Steroid regulation of thiazide-sensitive transport.

HE STUDY of regulation by steroid hormones of the reabsorption of sodium and chloride inhibitable by diuretics of the thiazide ( 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine- 1,l -dioxide) class has lagged a decade or more behind studies of steroid action in other portions of the nephron. This tardiness can be attributed primarily to three factors. First, the complexity and structural segmentation of the “distal tubule” had not been appreciated. Second, the segment of the nephron in which thiazide-type diuretics exert their action-pharmacologically identified as “the cortical diluting segment”-appeared to be portion of the nephron that was poorly accessable to micropuncture-the early cortical distal nephron. Third, no radioactive “marker” of the thiazide-sensitive transporter (that is, of the “thiazide receptor”) was available. I shall discuss a current view of each of these areas.
Shaping the Next Generations

The American far left remained fragmented and marginalized in the four decades following the New Left’s collapse in the early 1970s. It never commanded more than a small fraction of the New Left’s following. Nonetheless the far left continued to disseminate virulently anti-Zionist propaganda laced with antisemitism, serving as junior partner to Muslim student organizations and black nationalist groups that became the driving forces in an ever-expanding campaign to denigrate Israel and Jews. In the post-Vietnam era, the far left gave the Palestinian cause greater emphasis than any foreign policy issue. Mainstream liberals, particularly in academia, increasingly embraced much of the far left view of Israel. They often remained indifferent to manifestations of blatant antisemitism and even sometimes excused or shared responsibility for them. By 1972, the New Left’s demise was acknowledged even by many of its most committed long-term activists. In the summer of that year, the two lead articles in Radical America , one of the New Left’s most prominent journals, were entitled “The Eclipse of the New Left: Some Notes” and “Beyond Reminiscence: The New Left in History.” Radical America ’s editor, Paul Buhle, began the first article with the comment that the New Left no longer existed as a political movement: “Several years after the disintegration of the American New Left, there remains no significant political interpretation of [its] appearance, disappearance, and final meaning.” In the second article, James O’Brien similarly referred to the movement’s “disintegration” after 1969. He noted that the dominant mood among radical activists was one of “extreme pessimism and collective self-denigration.”
Photovoltaic electrolysis propulsion system for interplanetary CubeSats

CubeSats are a new and emerging low-cost, rapid development platform for space exploration research. Currently, CubeSats have been flown only in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Advancements in propulsion can enable these spacecraft to achieve capture orbits around the Moon, Mars and beyond. Such enabling technology can make science-focused planetary CubeSat missions possible for low cost. However, Cubesats, because of their low mass, volume and launch constraints, are severely limited by propulsion. Here we present an innovative concept that utilizes water as the propellant for a 6U, 12 kg, Interplanetary CubeSat. The water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen on demand using onboard photovoltaic panels, which would, in turn, be combusted to produce thrust. However, important challenges exist with this technology including how to design and operate high efficiency Polymer Electrolyte Membrane electrolyzers at cold temperatures, how to efficiently separate the water from the hydrogen and oxygen produced in a microgravity environment and how to utilize the thrust generated to produce efficient trajectories. Our proposed solution utilizes a centrifuge that separates water from the reactants. The system uses salts, such as lithium chloride, to reduce the freezing point of water. Our techniques identify a method to operate the propulsion system up to −80 °C. Analysis of the combustion and flow through the nozzle using both theoretical equations and finite-volume CFD modeling shows that the specific impulse of the system is in the 360 s to 420 s range. At this efficiency, and from preliminary results a 12 kg CubeSat with 7.8 kg of propellant provides a Δν of 4,400 m/s. In theory, this is sufficient for Lunar or Mars capture orbits once deployed from LEO. These feasibility studies point to a promising pathway to further test the proposed concept.
Prologue: Kick Offs

Prologue, “Kick Offs,” establishes the parameters for Frederick Luis Aldama and Christopher Gonzalez’s conversacion de sobremesa—a tradition in Latino culture of discussing subjects in great detail and at great length after dinner. They begin by juxtaposing their own autobiographical experience with lucid cultural analysis of Latinos in pro football leagues—and not futbol as in soccer. They offer a hermeneutical approach that seeks to assign meaning to the material and intellectual culture of Latinos in the NFL; they establish their approach to assess and assert the value and importance of the struggles and victories experienced by the significant yet oft-overlooked presence of Latinos in the history of pro football.
Antitumor Activity of Cytotoxic Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors

Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors has been explored as a means to increase the selectivity and potency of cytotoxicity. Most efforts in this area have exploited the molecular recognition of proteins highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells followed by internalization. A related approach that has received less attention is the targeting of intracellular proteins by ligands conjugated to anticancer drugs. An attractive target for this approach is the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is highly expressed in a range of malignant tumors. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a series of chemotherapeutic agents targeted to COX-2 by conjugation to indomethacin. Detailed characterization of compound 12, a conjugate of indomethacin with podophyllotoxin, revealed highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibition in vitro and in intact cells. Kinetics and X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated that compound 12 is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor that likely binds to COX-...
Heine and his Cousins. A Reconsideration

(1972). Heine and his Cousins. A Reconsideration. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 20-40.
Internalization of Heterologous Sugar Transporters by Endogenous α-Arrestins in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using either of two constitutive yeast promoters (PGK1prom and CCW12prom), the transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa are able to catalyze, respectively, active transport and facilitated diffusion of cellobiose (and, for CDT-2, also xylan and its derivatives). In S. cerevisiae, endogenous permeases are removed from the plasma membrane by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and are marked for internalization through ubiquitinylation catalyzed by Rsp5, a HECT class ubiquitin:protein ligase (E3). Recruitment of Rsp5 to specific targets is mediated by a 14-member family of endocytic adaptor proteins, termed α-arrestins. Here we demonstrate that CDT-1 and CDT-2 are subject to α-arrestin-mediated endocytosis, that four α-arrestins (Rod1, Rog3, Aly1, and Aly2) are primarily responsible for this internalization, that the presence of the transport substrate promotes transporter endocytosis, and that, at least for CDT-2, residues located in its C-terminal cytosolic domain are necessary for its efficient endocytosis. Both α-arrestin-deficient cells expressing CDT-2 and otherwise wild-type cells expressing CDT-2 mutants unresponsive to α-arrestin-driven internalization exhibit an increased level of plasma membrane-localized transporter compared to that of wild-type cells, and they grow, utilize the transport substrate, and generate ethanol anaerobically better than control cells. IMPORTANCE Ethanolic fermentation of the breakdown products of plant biomass by budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains an attractive biofuel source. To achieve this end, genes for heterologous sugar transporters and the requisite enzyme(s) for subsequent metabolism have been successfully expressed in this yeast. For one of the heterologous transporters examined in this study, we found that the amount of this protein residing in the plasma membrane was the rate-limiting factor for utilization of the cognate carbon source (cellobiose) and its conversion to ethanol.
Categorizing Cruise Lines by Passenger Perceived Experience

In the travel and hospitality industries, categorization of products, brands, and experiences permits efficient comparison and evaluation that aids decision making—from consumer choice to organizational strategy. However, categories often involve self-categorization (e.g., marketer defined) that may not reflect the reality of dynamic markets and industries. In this study of the cruise industry, we derive a new categorization approach using consumer perceptions of their cruise experiences to challenge a long-standing industry typology. Results using a variety of statistical tests of J.D. Power data from more than 3,000 cruisers yield a new and more informative category structure and assignment of cruise lines to it. Analyses reveal differences between the new cruise categories in terms of determinants that influence customer choice. Discussion highlights benefits to travel practitioners of using dynamic and customer-based categories, as well as to researchers of applying advanced statistical techniques to ...
Imaging Beyond the Limits: active imaging for enhancing resolution, 3D information, and indirect imaging

We present a technique of utilizing active illumination to surpass the limitations of passive imaging systems alone. An approach to combine super resolution and profilometery is presented. Recent applications to indirect imaging will be discussed.
Mimicking transient activation of protein kinases in living cells

Physiological stimuli activate protein kinases for finite periods of time, which is critical for specific biological outcomes. Mimicking this transient biological activity of kinases is challenging due to the limitations of existing methods. Here, we report a strategy enabling transient kinase activation in living cells. Using two protein-engineering approaches, we achieve independent control of kinase activation and inactivation. We show successful regulation of tyrosine kinase c-Src (Src) and Ser/Thr kinase p38α (p38), demonstrating broad applicability of the method. By activating Src for finite periods of time, we reveal how the duration of kinase activation affects secondary morphological changes that follow transient Src activation. This approach highlights distinct roles for sequential Src-Rac1– and Src-PI3K–signaling pathways at different stages during transient Src activation. Finally, we demonstrate that this method enables transient activation of Src and p38 in a specific signaling complex, providing a tool for targeted regulation of individual signaling pathways.
TOWARD AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

What is a national economy? What does it measure, value, or represent? What does it do? This article argues for ethnographic attention to national economies as a serial global form, arguably the most privileged epistemological and political object of our unevenly shared modernity. In dialogue with feminist approaches to the study of capitalism, economic anthropology, and the social studies of finance, this article asks how national economies become both intelligible, possessing representational unity or naturalized authority, and compelling—the stuff of fantasy and desire, power and subjugation. Taking a series of national economic conferences in Equatorial Guinea as a point of departure, the article argues for the centrality of the state and questions of geopolitical scale in any approach to the national economy form. Juxtaposing the literature on economic performativity with Equatoguinean political history and the power of U.S. oil companies in the global South highlights the open-endedness of what Michel Callon has called economics “in the wild” and the as-if qualities generated at the crossroads of economic theory and postcolonial inequality. This article thus aims to open up ethnographic possibilities in the face of national economies far beyond Equatorial Guinea’s borders.
Tumor targeting aptamers identified by in vivo SELEX

4744 Background: Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that can directly inhibit a protein’s function by their high affinity binding and specificity to that targeted protein. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an iterative selection procedure used to identify oligonucleotides (aptamer) with desired protein or complex targets, such as cells, in vitro. Given the current limitations of regional and systemic treatments of most solid organ malignancies, we seek to develop tumor-targeting agents through a novel in vivo application of SELEX. Methods: SELEX procedure was performed on intrahepatic colon carcinoma-bearing mice by using single-stranded and chemically modified RNA library. To monitor the enrichment of library at various rounds, every two rounds of PCR products starting from round 6 to 14 were cloned and sequenced. We isolated two main families from round 14 by comparing their closely shared sequence, and further characterized their binding affinity and specificity for targeted tumor tissue. Results: (1) In tissue localization experiments, cryostat tissue sections were prepared from tumor-bearing mice and stained with fluorescent-labeled aptamer. High density of fluorescent is mainly localized in the tumor tissue stained with labeled aptamer isolated from round 14, whereas normal tissue including liver, lung, spleen, brain and kidney demonstrated only background autoflourescence. Staining was also absent in tumor tissue exposed to a labeled pool of early round SELEX (control aptamer). (2) In binding affinity assays, membrane protein was extracted from fresh tissue of tumor-bearing mice and incubated with 32P-labeled aptamer in a range of protein concentrations. The fraction of bound RNA was quantified and corrected for nonspecific background binding. After 14 rounds of selection, aptamer displayed significantly increased binding with 50% compare to early round of selection pool with 15%. (3) To further characterize the binding specificity, electrophorectic mobility shift assay was performed on the membrane protein extracted from tumor or liver tissue. In tumor tissue, a single, sharp band was noted with the round 14 RNA probes; in contrast, no binding was noted with the probe derived from early round of selection. In addition, 50× excess unlabeled round 14 probes could compete with labeled probes for binding. No specific binding was found on liver tissue using either labeled or unlabeled round 14 probe or probe derived from early round of selection. Conclusion: These data confirm that SELEX can be successfully used to identify aptamers that bind specifically to complex targets in vivo. We will screen for the aptamer targeted proteins using spectrometry and further characterize their functions in oncogenesis.
Corrections to “ In Situ Oxide, GaN Interlayer-Based Vertical Trench MOSFET (OG-FET) on Bulk GaN Substrates’

In the above paper [1] , the fifth author’s name was printed incorrectly. The correct name is Junqian Liu.
Religious Paradox and Aporia

Resumo: Abordando o paradoxo religioso e metafisico – assunto, alias, estranhamente bastante negligenciado –, este artigo investiga exemplos em fontes da literatura grega antiga e do inicio do Cristianismo, alguns bem conhecidos; outros menos. O paradoxo religioso e destacado em textos que vao de Hesiodo, Arquiloco, Heraclito e as Bacantes, de Euripides, ao Evangelho de Sao Joao, Sao Paulo e Akathistos Hymnos, do seculo VI, em honra a Virgem Maria. Aporia, na esteira do paradoxo religioso, confirma a limitacao humana e aponta para a transcendencia do divino. O Cristianismo, a religiao, por excelencia, do paradoxo, reconhece a impossibilidade de oferecer “solucoes” filosoficas para os paradoxos e aporias do dogma e recorre ao oximoro e paradoxo como a unica forma adequada de expressao. O unico recurso diante do estranho deslocamento da ordem e da logica provocado pelo contato com o divino e a “ignorância”, pois, paradoxalmente, ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ γὰρ γίνeται γνωστὸς ὁ Θeός (“Deus se torna conhecido/conhecivel por meio da ignorância”), como afirma Sao Dionisio Aeropagita.
Experimental and numerical modeling of heat transfer in directed thermoplates

Abstract We present three-dimensional numerical simulations to quantify the design specifications of a directed thermoplate expanded channel heat exchanger, also called dimpleplate. Parametric thermofluidic simulations were performed independently varying the number of spot welds, the diameter of the spot welds, and the thickness of the fluid channel within the laminar flow regime. Results from computational fluid dynamics simulations show an improvement in heat transfer is achieved under a variety of conditions: when the thermoplate has a relatively large cross-sectional area normal to the flow, a ratio of spot weld spacing to channel length of 0.2, and a ratio of the spot weld diameter with respect to channel width of 0.3. Experimental results performed to validate the model are also presented.
Integrative Health: An Interprofessional Standardized Patient Case for Prelicensure Learners.

Introduction Integrative health care and complementary medicine are widely used by the U.S. population, yet health professions learners are typically inadequately educated to counsel patients on th...
MANAGING THE LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY: A CONTINGENCY MODEL

ABSTRACT This article identifies conceptual confusion relative to the classification of long-term care organizations. In response to this confusion, a model is given for conceptualizing managerial functions from a contingency orientation. This model suggests decision making contingent on environmental factors and on the “fit” of internal structures and processes.
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COATINGS MADE USING JET KOTE™ THERMAL SPRAY TECHNIQUE

The JET KOTE” system is a new thermal spray technique which relies on the continuous internal combustion of a fuel gas with oxygen to produce a high velocity exhaust jet. Powder is injected into this pressurized gas stream, where it is heated and accelerated toward the part to be surfaced. Using this technique, coatings of several wear resistant materials have been made for applications in petrochemical and chemical, materials processing, aerospace, and other engineering fields. In this paper, data relating to JET KOTE coatings of tungsten carbide-cobalt (of various cobalt contents), chromium carbide-nickel chromium, and a new iron-base wear resistant alloy called TRISTELLE” alloy TS-2 are presented. It has been shown that the JET KOTE process can be used to produce dense coatings of WC-Co with properties equivalent to those produced using the detonation gun and are much superior to plasma sprayed coatings. JET KOTE coatings of WC-Co also appear to have the added advantage of containing a higher amount of WC phase and considerably less eta phase thereby increasing their resistance to cracking.
Triangulation and Decomposition of Endomorphisms

In Section 9.3 we saw that Hermitian and complex unitary transformations always admit an orthogonal basis of eigenvectors, with respect to which these mappings are represented by simple diagonal matrices. This chapter presses the attack to find out what in general can be said about an arbitrary endomorphism T of a finite-dimensional vector space over an abstract field k. We first establish an astounding property of the characteristic polynomial; this is the content of the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem (10-1). Next, using similar techniques, we show that T is representable at least by an upper triangular matrix, provided that the roots of its characteristic polynomial all lie in k. This leads to the introduction of so-called nilpotent mappings. Maintaining our previous assumption on the characteristic polynomial, we then show that T is expressible as the sum of a diagonal map (easily built out of its eigenvalues) and a nilpotent map. Finally, further analysis of nilpotent endomorphisms yields a special matrix representation called the Jordan normal form.
THE MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN

The previous lecturers have discussed the properties of oxidation-reduction reactions. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the experimental techniques which have been utilized in studying the mitochondrial respiratory chain and our current ideas concerning the electrochemical behavior of oxidative phosphorylation. There are several important thermodynamic parameters which the experimentalyst needs to measure in order to attempt to describe an oxidation-reduction system.
Potential Strategies to Achieve Universal Influenza Vaccination for Children: Provider Attitudes in Two States

Abstract Objective Childhood influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal. Provider perceptions on strategies to achieve universal vaccination are needed. We assessed the perceptions and attitudes of primary care providers across 2 states regarding 2 strategies to potentially bolster rates: centralized reminder/recall (C-R/R), such as reminder/recall (R/R) notices from state immunization registries, and influenza vaccination by complementary community vaccinators (CCVs), such as retail pharmacies, schools, and health departments. Methods We sent a mailed survey to a representative sample of providers across Colorado and New York. Questions addressed R/R activities for influenza vaccine, preferences and attitudes about the health department sending C-R/R notices for influenza vaccine, and attitudes about CCVs. Bivariate analyses assessed provider perceptions and compared perceptions by state. Results The overall response rate was 56% (n = 590/1052). Twenty-two percent of providers in Colorado and 33% in New York performed practice-based R/R for all patients during the 2015–16 influenza season. Eighty-one percent of providers in both states preferred the health department or had no preference for who sent C-R/R notices for influenza vaccine to their patients; most preferred to include their practice names on C-R/R messages. Many providers in both Colorado (75%) and New York (46%, P Conclusions Most providers support C-R/R, and many support CCVs to increase influenza vaccination rates. Collaborations between traditional primary care providers and CCVs might boost coverage.
Postcolonial/Decolonial Theology

Postcolonial theory or postcolonial theology and radical theology share important characteristics in common. Broadly speaking, there are two key elements: First, both theologies take a deconstructionist approach to theology that implies these theologies’ emphases on change and their rejection of rigid dichotomies. Second, radical theology shares a non-dualistic orientation with postcolonial theology. However, postcolonial theology does not reject transcendence itself. It does not advocate immanence without transcendence, the former over the latter. Rather, it challenges the binary separating the two. Such binary is still somewhat maintained in the early proponents of death of God theology as they tend to affirm immanence over transcendence.
Cyclin C: The Story of a Non-Cycling Cyclin

The class I cyclin family is a well-studied group of structurally conserved proteins that interact with their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to regulate different stages of cell cycle progression depending on their oscillating expression levels. However, the role of class II cyclins, which primarily act as transcription factors and whose expression remains constant throughout the cell cycle, is less well understood. As a classic example of a transcriptional cyclin, cyclin C forms a regulatory sub-complex with its partner kinase Cdk8 and two accessory subunits Med12 and Med13 called the Cdk8-dependent kinase module (CKM). The CKM reversibly associates with the multi-subunit transcriptional coactivator complex, the Mediator, to modulate RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Apart from its transcriptional regulatory function, recent research has revealed a novel signaling role for cyclin C at the mitochondria. Upon oxidative stress, cyclin C leaves the nucleus and directly activates the guanosine 5’-triphosphatase (GTPase) Drp1, or Dnm1 in yeast, to induce mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, cyclin C-induced mitochondrial fission was found to increase sensitivity of both mammalian and yeast cells to apoptosis. Here, we review and discuss the biology of cyclin C, focusing mainly on its transcriptional and non-transcriptional roles in tumor promotion or suppression.
Multidimensional phenotypic immune profiling of Chlamydia trachomatis infected women using mass cytometry platform.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the U.S., with 1 in 20 sexually active young women being infected. Infections are easily curable with antibiotics, but reinfections are frequent and infection can lead to reproductive tract sequelae. Adaptive immune responses generated during infection likely limit extent of infection, but frequently fail to prevent reinfection. We developed a 35 marker CyTOF panel to phenotype PBMCs. We examined PBMCs from women infected with CT alone (N=8), women with CT co-infected with gonorrhea or Mycoplasma genitalium (N=6), and from these same women 1 month post antibiotic treatment, and compared them to 11 healthy uninfected women. Compared to uninfected women, the frequency of B cells was increased in CT-infected women and remained elevated at 1 month, with no effects observed on various B cell subsets. Among T cells, Th1 and Tc1 percentages were reduced in CT-infected women and remained low at 1 month. Th2 and Th17 phenotype percentages were not different than uninfected women. Th1/Th2/Th17 cells expressing CD107a were reduced in CT-infected women, but rebounded towards normal at 1 month. Myeloid DCs were reduced in CT-infected women, but rebounded towards normal at 1 month. All of these differences were present regardless of coinfection. CD107a+ NK cells were reduced in CT-only infected women and failed to rebound at one month. The reductions in these various cell types is likely due to their trafficking to the infected tissue. CyTOF analysis of PBMCs from additional patients and of endometrial biopsy samples from these same subjects should provide important data related to the female host response to CT.