cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does the Disorder Matter? Investigating a Moderating Effect on Coached Noncredible Overreporting Using the MMPI-2 and PAI:

The use of psychological tests to help identify the noncredible overreporting of psychiatric disorders is a long-standing practice that has received considerable attention from researchers. The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine whether feigning specific psychiatric disorders moderated the influence of coaching on the detection of noncredible overreporting using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Using a 2 × 3 experimental analogue design, 265 undergraduates were asked to feign schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder and were either coached about validity scales and disorders or not. The results of this study indicated that the specific psychiatric disorder being feigned did moderate the impact coaching had on the detection of overreported psychopathology using several scales on the MMPI-2 and PAI. Future research examining noncredible overreporting should take into account the impact caused by the interaction of psychiatric disorder with coaching on the detection of symptom overreporting and also identify other important moderating/mediating variables in order to develop more effective means of identifying response bias.
Action coverage formulation for power optimization in body sensor networks

Advances in technology have led to the development of various light-weight sensory devices that can be woven into the physical environment of our daily lives. Such systems enable on-body and mobile health-care monitoring. Our interest particularly lies in the area of movement monitoring platforms that operate with inertial sensors. In this paper, we propose a power optimization technique that will consider the sensing coverage problem from a collaborative signal processing perspective. We introduce compatibility graphs and describe how they can be utilized for power optimization. The problem we outline can be transformed into an NP-hard problem. Therefore, we propose an ILP formulation to attain a lower bound on the solution and a fast greedy technique. Along side this, we introduce a system for dynamically activating and deactivating sensor nodes in real-time. Finally, we elucidate the effectiveness of our techniques on data collected from several subjects.
An Interactive Web-Based Method of Outreach to College Students at Risk for Suicide

Objective and Participants: From 2002 to 2005, the authors tested an interactive, Web-based method to encourage college students at risk for suicide to seek treatment. Methods: The authors invited students at 2 universities to complete an online questionnaire that screened for depression and other suicide risk factors. Respondents received a personalized assessment and were able to communicate anonymously with a clinical counselor online. At-risk students were urged to attend in-person evaluation and treatment. Results: A total of 1,162 students (8% of those invited) completed the screening questionnaire; 981 (84.4%) were designated as at high or moderate risk. Among this group, 190 (19.4%) attended an inperson evaluation session with the counselor, and 132 (13.5%) entered treatment. Students who engaged in online dialogues with the counselor were 3 times more likely than were those who did not to come for evaluation and enter treatment. Conclusions: The method has considerable promise for encouraging pre...
The Fourth Branchial Complex Anomaly: A Rare Clinical Entity

Fourth branchial pouch anomalies are rare congenital disorders of the neck and are a consequence of abnormal development of the branchial apparatus during embryogenesis. Failure to appropriately recognize these anomalies may result in misdiagnosis, insufficient treatment, and continued recurrence. Here, we present an unique presentation of two cases, describe their diagnosis, clinical course, and management, and review the literature regarding these interesting anomalies.
A Model for Vortex-Trapped Internal Waves

Regions of negative vorticity are observed to trap and amplify near-inertial internal waves, which are sources of turbulent mixing 10‐100 times higher than typically found in the stratified ocean interior. Because these regions are of finite lateral extent, trapped waves will not form a continuum but be quantized in modes. A model for the radial structure of near-inertial azimuthal modes in an axisymmetric vortex is described in order to explain intense near-inertial motions observed in the cores of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring and a vortex cap above Fieberling Seamount. Observed signals exhibit little variability of the rectilinear phase f 5 arctan(y /u) in the core and evanesce rapidly outside the swirl velocity maximum, where u is the zonal velocity and y the meridional velocity. The authors focus on azimuthal mode n 52 1 (propagating clockwise around the vortex) and the gravest radial mode (no zero crossing) that appears to dominate observations. Model solutions resemble Bessel functions inside the velocity maximum and modified Bessel function decay outside, consistent with observations and solutions previously found by Kunze et al. using a less complete model. The improved model supports their conclusions concerning radial wavelengths, vertical group velocities, and energy fluxes for trapped waves.
COACH the Journey: Committee Chair Reflections on Guiding Doctoral Students

Since 1976, online college-level education has significantly broadened access to higher education. A natural extension of the online model has been to offer doctoral level graduate programs. However, coaching students to achieve success in the doctoral studies is considerably more challenging than guiding them through their formal structured course work. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to explore the lived experiences of doctoral chairs with ten or more years of demonstrated success guiding students through successful dissertations. These chairs were queried in order to discover practices, guidelines, and tips for assisting doctoral students. Participants were solicited from a unique online professorial group on a public website who had at least ten-years of experience as online doctoral chairs. The researchers’ questions invited comments in two areas: 1) From their perspectives as experienced dissertation committee chairs what essential actions, activities, and services helped insure doctoral students were successful completing dissertations? 2) What were the lived experiences of online doctoral chairs contributing to successful approved student dissertations? The researchers purposively selected a nonprobabilistic, convenience sample consisting of 11 experienced doctoral committee chairs to capture and understand the lived experiences of successful dissertation chairs. Three nodal themes were identified describing how online chairs helped students successfully complete dissertations. These were (1) by demonstrating empathy and support, (2) by teaching students how to plan and meet goals, and (3) by providing regular consistent communications. Three additional nodal themes described issues students faced completing their studies. These were (1) frustration and confusion cause by lack of face-to-face communications and student candor, (2) competition for student attention and time from students’ work commitments, and (3) students’ poor time and project management compounded by weak prioritization skills. The researchers summarized their findings with the COACH model (Cheer, Organize, Act, Communicate, and Help) of effective action.
The Structure of Consumer Choice Processes

Comparing different information processing models of the same consumers’ decisions and utilizing findings from clinical judgment studies give information about the structure of consumer choice proc...
North American Bees of the Genus Nomada, Subgenus Callinomada (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

The inquilinous bees of the genus Nomada are wasplike and generally brightly colored. They are relatively hairless, without abdominal hair bands, and with no pollen-collecting apparatus. They are commonly considered to be inquilines in the nests of bees, principally of the genus Andrena, although little of any concrete nature is known of their lifehistories and they offer a fertile field for investigation.
Thermal Analysis Study of Heterogeneous Nuclei in Stainless Steels

This paper presents work done to determine effective heterogeneous nuclei for 304 and HK stainless steels. Heats of each steel were melted in an induction furnace and then poured into a thermal analysis cup which contained the experimental powder. MgO, NbO, NiAl, and TiN powders were added to 304. Powders of ZrO2, La2O3, MgO, and NbO were introduced into HK. A data acquisition system recorded the cooling curves of the solidifying alloys. Data from these curves was then used to calculate the amount of undercooling to initiate solidification. MgO, NbO, NiAl, and TiN reduced the undercooling in 304 while La2O3, MgO, and NbO reduced undercooling in HK. The secondary dendrite arm spacing of the 304 samples were not affected by the addition of the heterogeneous nuclei. It is postulated that this was caused by the high cooling rate of the thermal analysis cup during solidification.
The Analysis of the Construction Case of the PACS Based on IHE in Hospital

The PACS is the producetion of the combination of the medical image,digital image techniquet the computer technique and the network communication technique;and it′s the important constitute of the hospital information system,the inevitable trend of the modern hospital development.Currently more and more hospitals in different sizes is interested with the PACS construction.This text is close to the processing of the PACS project,the experience of nearly two years′ using and also some problems needing advertence.And then put forward the idea according to the actual circumstance of the hospital oneself,analysis,setting up a solid viable PACS construction project.
LABORATORY AND THEORETICAL RESEARCHES ON SANDSTONE

The mechanical behaviors of sandstone with large porosity are different from the other rocks;the research of its mechanical properties is very important not only in the theory but also in the practice. The two sorts failure theories are used to explain the failure types of sandstone with large porosity based on the laboratory research under different saturated liquid conditions;then the conventional Cap Model is extended and is used to simulate the testing results. A critical value of confining pressure is proved to exist during the process from mainly pressure-shear failure to mainly slough failure. When the confining pressure is increased , the mainly pressure-shear failure can be changed into slough failure. A critical saturated degree also exists during the change processes from oil saturation to water saturation. When water saturated degree is above critical value,the mechanical features of sandstone with large porosity are changed clearly. The theoretical and testing results explain reasonably the subsidence from oil exploiting by water injection.
Mechanically-Induced Hydrosalpinx: Long-Term Oviductal Dilatation Does Not Impair Ciliary Transport Function *

Long-term hydrosalpinges were mechanically induced in rabbits by ligation of the fimbriated end of the oviduct. The structure and function of these model hydrosalpinges were studied 28 to 52 weeks following ligation. This procedure caused a nonpurulent, clear serous fluid to accumulate within the lumen of the ampulla, which resulted in dilatation of the ampulla and thinning of the tubal wall. The intraluminal mucosal folds were attenuated in the expanded regions; however, normal ciliation was predominant throughout the endosalpinx. Two rabbits, one with a single distal tubal ligation and the other with double ampullary ligation, showed abnormal epithelium with distinct patches of flattened polygon-shaped, nonciliated cells. In vivo and in vitro observations of luminal transport of surrogate ova in cumulus showed that ciliary transport was not affected by the long-term gross distension of the ampullae. The authors conclude that long-term tubal dilatation by itself does not alter tubal morphology sufficiently to impair ovum transport function in the oviductal ampulla.
Surgical management of pain in cancer of the head and neck.

Surgical interruption of pain-conducting nerves in the treatment of cancer of the head and neck is a small but useful aspect of total management. It should generally be considered before resort to narcotics for relief of pain. At early stages of disease, it is virtually devoid of mortality or morbidity.
Preference for straight-line paths in recruitment trail formation of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile

Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) ants self-organize mass recruitment to food sources by laying pheromone trails to direct foragers. Initial exploration may occur randomly, but selection of the shortest route is often derived from positive feedback mechanisms rather than individual intelligence or decision-making. In this study, we examined whether L. humile foraging routes minimize travel distance and maximize linearity (i.e., have the fewest turns). Colonies of L. humile foraged in an artificial grid containing a number of possible routes to a long-lasting food source. In the design, there were three possible shortest routes that varied only in the number of turns that the ants had to make. The majority of foraging ants preferred one of the three shortest routes to the food, and significantly favored the path with the fewest turns. Selection of the shortest, straightest route may maximize mass recruitment to the food source by decreasing the chance of foraging ants losing the trail.
Finding the right fit: the search and selection process for direct assessment program enrollees

Background Coupling the new majority of learners being 22 or older with the dawning of new alternative programs such as direct assessment competency-based programs this study serves two purposes—to test a model for researching college choice of competency-based education (CBE) students and investigate how learners, like participant one mentioned above, who ultimately enroll in a direct assessment competency-based program, search for and choose that program. Method This qualitative study utilized interviews to investigate how learners, who recently enrolled in direct assessment CBE programs, undertook the college choice process. Results Initial results found that 80% of participants (N = 5) did not complete a formal search process and chose to enroll based on information from a trusted source—namely their employers and in one case, the Washington Post. The flexibility and the potential for cost savings, both through credit for prior learning and the ability to move quickly, were key enrollment catalysts. Conclusion The implications of this study are important for institutions developing competency-based education programs—adult learners may not be actively looking for a program, the program has to find them through a trusted source and appeal to their wallet and career aspirations with flexible programs that treat them like the professionals they are.
Therapeutic Elimination of the Type 1 Interferon Receptor for Treating Psoriatic Skin Inflammation

Phototherapy with UV light is a standard treatment for psoriasis, yet the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects are not well understood. Studies in human and mouse keratinocytes and in the skin tissues from human patients and mice showed that UV treatment triggers ubiquitination and downregulation of the type I IFN receptor chain IFNAR1, leading to suppression of IFN signaling and an ensuing decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The severity of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation was greatly exacerbated in skin of mice deficient in IFNAR1 ubiquitination (Ifnar1(SA)). Furthermore, these mice did not benefit from UV phototherapy. Pharmacologic induction of IFNAR1 ubiquitination and degradation by an antiprotozoal agent halofuginone also relieved psoriasiform inflammation in wild-type but not in Ifnar1(SA) mice. These data identify downregulation of IFNAR1 by UV as a major mechanism of the UV therapeutic effects against the psoriatic inflammation and provide a proof of principle for future development of agents capable of inducing IFNAR1 ubiquitination and downregulation for the treatment of psoriasis.
Actin structure function relationships revealed by yeast molecular genetics.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has proven to be a powerful model organism in which to study actin function and structure-function relationships. This yeast has a single actin gene, a feature that greatly simplifies molecular-genetic and biochemical analysis of actin. Yeast actin is 88% identical to mammalian actin and its biochemical properties are similar to all other actins studied (Nefsky and Bretscher 1992). The ease of molecular genetics in yeast has allowed the generation of numerous site-specific actin mutants. Furthermore, the nonlethal actin mutants have been expressed in yeast as the sole source of actin (Shortle et al. 1984), allowing elucidation of biological importance via phenotypic analysis, and purification and biochemical characterization of mutant actins.
Choosing and Working with a Mentor

Identifying a mentor. The purpose of this chapter helps you better understand what makes a good mentor—not only to help find one early in your career but also to help you as your mentoring duties increase over the years. Of course, there are no absolutes or specific recipes for success. To a great extent, finding a good mentor is very much luck of the draw. You can’t guarantee that there will be someone at your institution in your particular field sufficiently skilled to help you along your way. Similarly, it is also very possible to launch a successful career without a mentor being deeply involved in your work. However, I would say that it is pretty much impossible to start a successful research career entirely on your own or just by reading a book (yes, even this one!). However, it is very possible to succeed with just some gentle assistance and direction from senior colleagues. For example, one major challenge is identifying a research niche without any outside direction or guidance, as will be discussed in a later chapter. At the very least, a mentor can help you identify a potential place to “plant your flag” and start your work. At the very most, they can become a lifelong friend and colleague with whom you will work for years or decades to come, whether or not you are still at the same institution or across the country from one another.
Integrated control of power generation, electric motor and hybrid energy storage for all-electric ships

Ship propulsion shafts experience large power and torque fluctuations due to hydrodynamic interactions and wave excitation. The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is an effective solution to address the impact of these fluctuations for all-electric ships. The new HESS introduced to combat the problem, however, will interact with the power generation and motor control systems, affecting both system efficiency and reliability. In our previous work [1], we proposed an energy management system (EMS) for HESS to incorporate information from other shipboard power units to manage the energy storage components and avoid undesirable interactions, especially those interactions between the batteries and ultra-capacitors. In this work, we pursue a more proactive approach to dealing with the interactions by designing an integrated EMS that encompasses the controls of power generators, electric propulsion motor, and HESS. Through model predictive control (MPC), such an integrated approach takes advantages of the predictive nature of MPC and allows us to judiciously coordinate the different entities of the shipboard power microgrid under constraints, thereby providing benefits in system performance. Results presented in this paper compare the proposed integrated EMS with non-integrated EMS to demonstrate its benefits.
Is There a “Theology of the Disabled Body”? John Paul II's Theology of the Body on Limit and Sign

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the potential influence of John Paul II's theological anthropology as expressed in the Theology of the Body audiences and associated literature on key issues raised by the contemporary Theology of Disability. Although John Paul II did not directly address the issue of disability in the audiences, he does spend the first half of the audiences elaborating a theology of the sign of the human body, and its import in understanding that we are all called to self-giving relationship. The foci on the ensouled body as sign and the imago Dei best perceived in relationship can both reveal a way of thinking about the meaning of the impaired, ensouled body that honors and frames the experience of unexpected limit and the universal call to holiness.
School-Based Health Center Model Within the Military Health System: The Role of the Adolescent Medicine Physician.

ABSTRACTAdolescents are less motivated to seek medical care for various reasons. Within the military health care system, access barriers, although less encountered, can still be a burden not only to the adolescent, but also the school system. This article describes the development of a school-based health center within a school district on a military installation. The school clinic was created by adolescent medicine specialists to maximize access to care. Students of adolescent age utilized the clinic for evaluation of acute and chronic conditions, preventative services, preparticipation evaluation, and other general complaints. After receiving signed consent forms, 30% of students were eligible for health care. There was minimal cost to initiate the service. Development of school-based health center programs at other military installations could potentially improve the status of the military health system during a time of high stress among military dependents.
Women behaving badly: negative posts on Facebook memorial pages

ABSTRACTThis study explores negative posts in Facebook pages dedicated to dead subjects. As with places for mourning in offline environments, memorial pages in Facebook appear to exude a sacred character as objects to both celebrate the life of the deceased and grieve their departure with others. Through a two-step content analysis of an initial sample of 600 pages containing the ‘R.I.P.’ acronym in their title, we found, however, a number of posts violating conventional expectations of respect for these mourning spaces. Negative posts in memorial pages take the form of flames (i.e., insults directed at the subject of the page, its administrator, or other visitors), venting (e.g., violent language against the victimizers of the subject of a memorial page), or ‘spam’ (i.e., advertisement and content not related to the subject and purpose of the page). Moreover, while results show that most memorial pages in Facebook are created and maintained by women (even thought the subject in the majority of those page...
A review of refinery complexity applications

Refinery complexity quantifies the sophistication and capital intensity of a refinery and has found widespread application in facility classification, cost estimation, sales price models, and other uses. Despite the ubiquity and widespread use of refining complexity, however, surprisingly little material has been written on its applications. The purpose of this review is to describe the primary applications of refinery complexity and some recent extensions. A secondary purpose of this review is to provide a framework that unifies complexity applications and suggests avenues for future research. Examples illustrate the applications considered.
Synthesis of second-order nonlinearities in dielectric-semiconductor-dielectric metamaterials

We demonstrate a large effective second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility in electronic optical metamaterials based on sputtered dielectric-semiconductor-dielectric multilayers of silicon dioxide/amorphous silicon (a-Si)/aluminum oxide. The interfacial fixed charges (Qf) with opposite signs on either side of dielectric-semiconductor interfaces result in a non-zero built-in electric field within the a-Si layer, which couples to the large third-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor of a-Si and induces an effective second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor χeff(2). The value of the largest components of the effective χeff(2) tensor, i.e., χ(2)zzz, is determined experimentally to be 2 pm/V for the as-fabricated metamaterials and increases to 8.5 pm/V after the post-thermal annealing process. The constituents and fabrication methods make these metamaterials CMOS compatible, enabling efficient nonlinear devices for chip-scale silicon photonic integrated circuits.
Cofacial Assembly of Metallomacrocycles: A Molecular Engineering Approach to Electrically Conductive Polymers

In the past few years, the new condensed matter chemistry/- physics interface field of electronic materials having low-dimensional properties has undergone dramatic development.1–6 The preparation of advanced new classes of organic, metal-organic, and inorganic substances with the properties of restricted dimensionality metals has excited theorists and experimentalists alike. This activity is stimulating important breakthroughs in chemical synthetic strategy and methodology, in spectroscopic, structural, and transport analysis, and in the fundamental theoretical descriptions of cooperative phenomena in the solid state. In terms of technology, applications as varied as rectifiers,7 sensors,8,9 solar energy conversion elements,10,11 fuel cell components,12 switching devices,13 photoresist elements,14 chemoselective electrodes, 15,16 electrophotographic devices,17 and durable synthetic materials to replace metals17 are being discussed. Speculation on the possibility of high temperature superconductivity remains, as always, a pervasive yet highly speculative motivation.18,19
Endoscopic muscle biopsy sampling of the duodenum and rectum: a pilot survival study in a porcine model to detect myenteric neurons

Background and Aims Small bowel and colorectal muscle biopsy sampling requires a surgical approach. Advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of motility disorders, such as functional bowel disorders, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and slow-transit constipation, is hindered by our inability to noninvasively obtain muscularis propria (MP) for evaluation of multiple cell types, including myenteric neurons. The aims of this study were to determine (1) technical feasibility, reproducibility, and safety of performing duodenal endoscopic muscle biopsy sampling (dEMB) and rectal endoscopic muscle biopsy sampling (rEMB) using a clip-assist technique and (2) the presence of myenteric neurons in tissue samples. Methods Five 40-kg pigs were studied. Each animal underwent a dEMB and rEMB procedure. dEMB was performed using a single resection clip-assist technique. An over-the-scope clip was advanced to the duodenum. Tissue was suctioned into the cap and the clip deployed. The pseudopolyp of the duodenal wall created was then resected using snare electrocautery. rEMB was performed using a double resection clip-assist technique. EMR was initially performed to uncover the underlying MP using a band ligation technique. An over-the-scope clip was then advanced to the exposed MP. The MP was retracted and suctioned into the cap and the clip deployed. The pseudopolyp of the MP was resected using snare electrocautery. An antibody to protein gene product 9.5 was used to determine the presence of myenteric neurons in the samples. Animals were kept alive for 2 weeks, at which time an upper endoscopy and necropsy were performed. Results dEMB and rEMB were successfully performed in all animals with no procedural adverse events using this "no hole" (close then cut) approach. Mean procedure times for dEMB and rEMB were 23.7 ± 2.5 minutes and 13.25 ± 2.8 minutes, respectively. Mean length of resected full-thickness duodenal wall was 13.25 ± 4.3 mm and rectal MP was 12.5 ± 1.7 mm. Hematoxylin and eosin stain and antibody to protein gene product 9.5 confirmed the presence of MP with inner circular, outer longitudinal, and intermuscular layers, including myenteric neurons, in all samples. Clinical course was uneventful in all animals. Repeat upper endoscopy at 2 weeks showed well-healed dEMB sites. Necropsy in all animals showed no perforation, fluid collection, or abscess at the dEMB and rEMB sites. Conclusions Based on this preclinical study, dEMB and rEMB appear to be technically feasible, reproducible, and safe. Sufficient MP tissue was obtained to identify myenteric neurons. These promising results are a step toward successful and safe implementation of these techniques into clinical practice for tissue diagnosis of muscle-based pathologies.
Neighborhood Deprivation Predicts Heart Failure Risk in a Low-Income Population of Blacks and Whites in the Southeastern United States

Background Recent data suggest that neighborhood socioeconomic environment predicts heart failure (HF) hospital readmissions. We investigated whether neighborhood deprivation predicts risk of incident HF beyond individual socioeconomic status in a low-income population. Methods and Results Participants were 27 078 whites and blacks recruited during 2002 to 2009 in the SCCS (Southern Community Cohort Study), who had no history of HF and were using Centers for Medicare or Medicaid Services. Incident HF diagnoses through December 31, 2010, were ascertained using International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision, codes 428.x via linkage with Centers for Medicare or Medicaid Services research files. Participant residential information was geocoded and census tract determined by a spatial join to the US Census Bureau TIGER/Line Shapefiles. The neighborhood deprivation index was constructed using principal components analysis based on census tract-level socioeconomic variables. Cox models with Huber–White cluster sandwich estimator of variance were used to investigate the association between neighborhood deprivation index and HF risk. The study sample was predominantly middle aged (mean, 55.5 years), black (69%), female (63%), low income (70% earned 50% of participants lived in the most deprived neighborhoods (third neighborhood deprivation index tertile). Over median follow-up of 5.2 years, 4300 participants were diagnosed with HF. After adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, a 1 interquartile increase in neighborhood deprivation index was associated with a 12% increase in risk of HF (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.18), and 4.8% of the variance in HF risk (intraclass correlation coefficient, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.6–6.4) was explained by neighborhood deprivation. Conclusions In this low-income population, scant neighborhood resources compound the risk of HF above and beyond individual socioeconomic status and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Improvements in community resources may be a significant axis for curbing the burden of HF.
Down With Bolzano-Weierstrass or Just Rhymin' With Proof

(2007). Down With Bolzano-Weierstrass or Just Rhymin' With Proof. Math Horizons: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 38-38.
Christianity and Psychoanalysis, Part 2: Jesus the Transformer of the Super-Ego:

If Jesus is The anti-Oedipus (Vitz & Gartner, 1984) then his acceptance by a person should transform his or her super-ego. since the super-ego is the psychological consequence of resolving the oedi...
From Ramanujan to Groups of Rationals: A Personal History of Abstract Multiplicative Functions

The following furnishes details to a lecture that I gave at the March 17–21, 2016, meeting held in Gainesville, Florida, to celebrate the sixtieth birthday of Krishnaswami Alladi.
Generation of mammalian cell lines that stably express rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor sub-types

The pharmacological properties of nicotine, including its addictive properties, are mediated by neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Long-term administration of nicotine increases the number of nicotinic receptor binding sites in rat and mouse brain (Marks & Collins, 1983, Schwartz & Kellar, 1983), suggesting that nicotine can trigger neuronal changes in nicotinic receptors that might be related to or even underlie addiction and/or tolerance. Support for this idea came from studies of autopsied human brain samples, which showed that the density of nicotinic receptors in smokers is markedly higher than in non-smokers (Benwell et al., 1988; Breese et al., 1997).
Toward a Theory of Aptitude for Learning I. Fluid and Crystallized Abilities and their Correlates

This paper focuses on the psychology of aptitude for learning in formal educational settings, and particularly on the nature of measured cognitive abilities as aptitudes. This is only a part of what is needed for a theory of aptitude, but it is perhaps the best place to start: the concept of aptitude has been connected with formal schooling almost since their mutual beginnings, and more scientific evidence is now available about the role of aptitude here, as measured by mental tests, than about aptitude, however measured, in any other natural or social situation. Whatever else it does, a theory of aptitude will need to account for the accumulated evidence about mental test performance in relation to learning from instruction.
Voices of the Sidis: Indians of African Descent

As an outcome of late slave trade of the Indian Ocean, displaced Africans living in Gujarat lacked a coherent identity. They gathered around the shrine of Abyssinian saint Bava Gor and forged a new identity as mystics and healers, thus reconstructing their lives as “fakir” in their adopted home. This paper mentions the ethnographic work done at the Bava Gor shrine and presented in my documentary film entitled “Voices of the Sidis: The Tradition of Fakirs” (2011). In the film, two older Sidis “fakirs,” interrogate the significance of this tradition for the younger generation. In this paper, I also discuss my own connection to Sidis through my Parsi family who have been devotees of Sidi saints Bava Gor and Mai Mishra in Bombay since the 1950s.
Do the health benefits of education vary by sociodemographic subgroup? Differential returns to education and implications for health inequities.

Abstract Purpose Evidence suggests education is an important life course determinant of health, but few studies examine differential returns to education by sociodemographic subgroup. Methods Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (n = 6158) cohort data, we evaluate education attained by age 25 years and physical health (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) at age 50 years. Race / ethnicity, sex, geography, immigration status, and childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) were evaluated as effect modifiers in birth year adjusted linear regression models. Results The association between education and PCS was large among high cSES respondents (β = 0.81 per year of education, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.94), and larger among low cSES respondents (interaction β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.72). The association between education and MCS was imprecisely estimated among White men (β = 0.44; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.90), while, Black women benefited more from each year of education (interaction β = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.64). Similarly, compared to socially advantaged groups, low cSES Blacks, and low and high cSES women benefited more from each year of education, while immigrants benefited less from each year of education. Conclusions If causal, increases in educational attainment may reduce some social inequities in health.
An Examination of Nonprofessional Investor Perceptions of Internal and External Auditor Assurance

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether assured disclosures of management's remediation of material weaknesses in internal controls affect positively unsophisticated investor perceptions of disclo...
Locally Applied Simvastatin as an Adjunct to Promote Spinal Fusion in Rats.

STUDY DESIGN Basic Science. OBJECTIVE To determine if locally delivered simvastatin can enhance bone formation in a rat spinal fusion model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The bone-anabolic properties of statins in fracture healing are well established, however, few studies have evaluated the impact of locally delivered statins in spinal fusion. METHODS We formulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles by adapting previously published techniques. Two types of nanoparticles were created: simvastatin nanoparticles (SimNP) and nanoparticles without simvastatin (BlankNP). Drug elution from SimNP was characterized. Osteoblastic differentiation was analyzed using MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in differentiation medium containing SimNP or BlankNP. Forty male 12 week old outbred Wistar rats underwent uninstrumented posterolateral fusion using iliac crest bone graft and BlankNP, SimNP or simvastatin drug. X-rays to assess bone formation were obtained at 4 weeks and 9 weeks post-operatively. Spines were explanted at 9 weeks for micro-CT analysis, and a blinded manual assessment of fusion (MAF). RESULTS SimNP achieved a release efficiency of 74.1% with ∼50% release occurring in the first day. Simvastatin and SimNP treated cells showed significantly greater expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN). On micro-CT analysis, SimNP animals had higher bone volume and percent bone volume (bone volume/total volume) than control animals. SimNP rats had higher X-ray scores at 4 weeks (p=0.010) and 9 weeks (p<0.001) relative to BlankNP. MAF showed that SimNP had a higher fusion rate than BlankNP (42.9% vs. 0%, p=0.006). CONCLUSION We were able to validate that sustained release of simvastatin via a PLGA nanoparticle. SimNP was able to induce an increase in mineralization as well as an increase in markers of bone formation. X-ray analysis, micro-CT quantification, and MAF assessment of SimNP treated rats showed significantly greater bone formation and fusion mass strength relative to vehicle treated animals. Simvastatin may be a safe, cost-effective bone anabolic agent for use in spinal fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Impact of lifestyle modification on absolute cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review protocol

Objective The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions for reducing absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD). Introduction Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines recommend tailoring the choice and intensity of preventive interventions based on absolute CVD risk score. Several studies employing lifestyle-based interventions to mitigate CVD risk have reported heterogeneous outcomes, necessitating a systematic review to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence. Inclusion criteria Eligible studies will include individuals at high-risk of CVD who are at least 18 years of age, with no history of CVD at baseline, regardless of sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Studies that compare lifestyle-based intervention to no intervention or usual care will be included. The outcome of interest is change in absolute CVD risk from baseline to post-intervention. Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs will be included. Methods Searches will be conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL from the inception of each database. The search for gray literature will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Grey Literature Report, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews and the Proceedings database. Selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers at the study level for methodological quality. Extracted data will include details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes of significance to the review question and objectives. Where possible, papers will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis. Effect sizes will be expressed as either odds ratios or standardized mean differences, and their 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for analysis. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO CRD42017073543.
Incomplete Healing as a Cause of Aging: The Role of Mitochondria and the Cell Danger Response

The rate of biological aging varies cyclically and episodically in response to changing environmental conditions and the developmentally-controlled biological systems that sense and respond to those changes. Mitochondria and metabolism are fundamental regulators, and the cell is the fundamental unit of aging. However, aging occurs at all anatomical levels. At levels above the cell, aging in different tissues is qualitatively, quantitatively, and chronologically distinct. For example, the heart can age faster and differently than the kidney and vice versa. Two multicellular features of aging that are universal are: (1) a decrease in physiologic reserve capacity, and (2) a decline in the functional communication between cells and organ systems, leading to death. Decreases in reserve capacity and communication impose kinetic limits on the rate of healing after new injuries, resulting in dyssynchronous and incomplete healing. Exercise mitigates against these losses, but recovery times continue to increase with age. Reinjury before complete healing results in the stacking of incomplete cycles of healing. Developmentally delayed and arrested cells accumulate in the three stages of the cell danger response (CDR1, 2, and 3) that make up the healing cycle. Cells stuck in the CDR create physical and metabolic separation—buffer zones of reduced communication—between previously adjoining, synergistic, and metabolically interdependent cells. Mis-repairs and senescent cells accumulate, and repeated iterations of incomplete cycles of healing lead to progressively dysfunctional cellular mosaics in aging tissues. Metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the nucleus, and between neighboring and distant cells via signaling molecules called metabokines regulates the completeness of healing. Purinergic signaling and sphingolipids play key roles in this process. When viewed against the backdrop of the molecular features of the healing cycle, the incomplete healing model provides a new framework for understanding the hallmarks of aging and generates a number of testable hypotheses for new treatments.
Common Challenges in Tissue Regeneration

Abstract The past three decades have seen a marked expansion of research into the biology of regeneration, and the goals of tissue engineering/regenerative medicine (TE/RM) continue to move closer to realization. However, progress toward clinical translation of TE/RM strategies has been slower than anticipated. Several significant hurdles remain, both in the form of technical challenges as well as gaps in basic understanding of the biological mechanisms of regeneration. In the present chapter, several of these barriers are identified, including the difficulty of choosing the source of cells for TE/RM therapies, problems associated with the artificial environment of in vitro cell culture, immunologic barriers, and low engraftment and survival of implanted cells.
Spontaneous murine tumors in the development of patient-derived xenografts: a potential pitfall

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are generated in immune deficient mice and demonstrate histologic and molecular features similar to their corresponding human tumors. However, murine tumors (non-human) spontaneously occur in these models. 120 consecutive patients with high-risk primary breast cancer enrolled in the prospective neoadjuvant BEAUTY study had tumor tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis. These tumor cells, including initial tissue and subsequent generations, were injected into either NSG (n = 365) or NOD-SCID (n = 396) female mice. Mice with initial tumor growth sufficient for transfer to the 2nd generation underwent histologic review by pathologists, including Ki67 staining. After passaging the tumors for up to 4 generations, at least one primary mouse tumor was detected from 24 of the 54 PDX-lines, for a frequency of 3.2% (24 mice out of 761 mice), including murine lymphomas (n = 13), mammary tumors (n = 7), osteosarcomas (n = 2), and hemangiosarcomas (n = 2). While true PDX showed scattered strong staining with Ki67, murine tumors were Ki67 negative. No significant differences (p = 0.062) were observed comparing development of murine tumors in NOD-SCID (n = 8) vs NSG mice (n = 16). While PDX are a useful tool in cancer research, there is a potential for spontaneous murine tumors to arise, which could alter results of studies utilizing PDX. Morphologic review by a pathologist, potentially along with Ki67 staining, is necessary to ensure that tumor growth represents the desired PDX prior to use in downstream studies. This study is the first prospective study evaluating the frequency, type, and time frame for development of non-human tumors.
Molecular communication between two populations of bacteria

Molecular communication is an expanding body of research. Recent advances in biology have encouraged using genetically engineered bacteria as the main component in the molecular communication. This has stimulated a new line of research that attempts to study molecular communication among bacteria from an information-theoretic point of view. Due to high randomness in the individual behavior of the bacterium, reliable communication between two bacteria is almost impossible. Therefore, we recently proposed that a population of bacteria in a cluster is considered as a node capable of molecular transmission and reception. This proposition enables us to form a reliable node out of many unreliable bacteria. The bacteria inside a node sense the environment and respond accordingly. In this paper, we study the communication between two nodes, one acting as the transmitter and the other as the receiver. We consider the case in which the information is encoded in the concentration of molecules by the transmitter. The molecules produced by the bacteria in the transmitter node propagate in the environment via the diffusion process. Then, their concentration sensed by the bacteria in the receiver node would decode the information. The randomness in the communication is caused by both the error in the molecular production at the transmitter and the reception of molecules at the receiver. We study the theoretical limits of the information transfer rate in such a setup versus the number of bacteria per node. Finally, we consider M-ary modulation schemes and study the achievable rates and their error probabilities.
Liberty of Conscience, Free Exercise of Religion, and the U.S. Constitution

This chapter explores the extent to which U.S. constitutional law protects religious and non-religious conscience through a variety of overlapping doctrines. It explains the conceptual development of arguments for the free exercise of religion and liberty of conscience, the extent to which the Supreme Court has interpreted the Free Exercise Clause to protect non-religious conscience rights, and the role that other constitutional doctrines, including under the Establishment Clause and the Free Speech Clause, operate to protect those rights.