cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in salivary proteome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is frequently complicated by severe infections and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Saliva contains many components of adaptive and innate immune response crucial for local host defenses. Changes in salivary constituents could reflect systemic processes such as immune reconstitution and development of GVHD that occur posttransplant. This study was an initial evaluation of salivary protein changes that occur after allo-HCT. Patients and Methods Serially collected saliva samples from 41 patients undergoing allo-HCT were evaluated. Changes in salivary proteome were initially examined by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Individual protein changes were identified by 2-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) with subsequent MS/MS sequencing and ELISA. Results Significant increases and decreases in multiple salivary proteins that lasted at least 2 months posttransplant were detected by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Lactoferrin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor demonstrated elevations 1 month post-HCT that persisted at least 6 months. Secretory IgA (sIgA) levels were decreased 1 month posttransplant, with recovery at approximately 6 months. Levels of salivary β 2 -microglobulin were elevated at 6 months and correlated with sIgA levels. Conclusion Allo-HCT is associated with long-term changes in several salivary proteins important for innate immune responses. These results support further studies on the association of salivary proteins with posttransplant complications including infections and GVHD.
Rapid Changes in Polyphosphate Content within Acidocalcisomes in Response to Cell Growth, Differentiation, and Environmental Stress inTrypanosoma cruzi

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) has been identified and measured in different stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Millimolar levels (in terms of Piresidues) in chains of less than 50 residues long, and micromolar levels in chains of about 700–800 residues long, were found in different stages of T. cruzi. Analysis of purified T. cruzi acidocalcisomes indicated that polyPs were preferentially located in these organelles. This was confirmed by visualization of polyPs in the acidocalcisomes using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. A rapid increase (within 2–4 h) in the levels of short and long chain polyPs was detected during trypomastigote to amastigote differentiation and during the lag phase of growth of epimastigotes (within 12–24 h). Levels rapidly decreased after the epimastigotes resumed growth. Short and long chain polyP levels rapidly decreased upon exposure of epimastigotes to hypo-osmotic or alkaline stresses, whereas levels increased after hyperosmotic stress. Ca2+ release from acidocalcisomes by a combination of ionophores (ionomycin and nigericin) was associated with the hydrolysis of short and long chain polyPs. In agreement with these results, acidocalcisomes were shown to contain polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase activities. Together, these results suggest a critical role for these organelles in the adaptation of the parasite to environmental changes.
In Search of Meaningful Daytimes: Case Studies of Community-Based Nonwork Supports:

As of 2004, more than 114,000 individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities in the United States were identified as receiving supports for community-based nonwork (CBNW), that is, activities that do not involve paid employment but do take place in the community rather than that in a facility (Institute for Community Inclusion, 2007). Little is known, however, about the nature of CBNW as implemented by provider agencies and experienced by people with intellectual/developmental disabilities. This manuscript reports the findings of case studies of CBNW in two states with well-established CBNW supports. Success of CBNW in meeting goals such as individualization, integration, choice, and independence varied from state to state and from site to site. This variability suggests a need for clearer standards and best practices for CBNW.
Carbon NMR assignment for gnaphaliin 7‐methyl ether

The 13C NMR spectrum for gnaphaliin 7-methyl ether is reported and assigned from XCORFE and HETCOR studies which also suggest a revision in the assignments for the other 5-hydroxy-3,7,8-tri-methoxyflavones flindulatin and ternatin.
Research-based principles for the design of instructional messages: The case of multimedia explanations

Multimedia explanations are communications using words and pictures to explain how something works, including animation and narration in computer-based environments or text and illustrations in book-based environments. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning reveals a concurrence requirement for meaningful learning, in which corresponding verbal and pictorial representations must be held in working memory at the same time. Based on a theory-based research program, I propose five design principles: multimedia principle, to use words and pictures rather than words alone; contiguity principle, to place words close to corresponding pictures on a page or to present narration concurrently with corresponding animation; coherence principle, to minimize extraneous words, pictures, and sounds; modality principle, to present words as speech rather than as on-screen text; and individual differences principle, to use these design principles particularly for low-experience rather than high-experience learners and for high-spatial rather than low-spatial learners. Multimedia messages offer great potential for improving the effectiveness of communication, but only to the extent that their design is based on theory and research.
Reflection Coefficient of Optically Inhomogeneous Layers

The reflection coefficient is calculated for radiation incident normally on a nonabsorbing, optically inhomogeneous, plane parallel layer bounded on either side by nonabsorbing semi-infinite media. The theory is applied to determine the reflectance of a layer in which the index of refraction varies nearly linearly with the thickness.
Performance of a circle-to-line optical system for a Fabry-Perot interferometer: a laboratory study.

We describe the characterization and laboratory study of a new optical device, a circle-to-line interferometer optical (CLIO) system, for a Fabry–Perot interferometer. The CLIO system converts a circular Fabry–Perot interferometer fringe pattern into a linear fringe pattern that can be analyzed by a linear array detector or a charge-coupled device. One can achieve the circle-to-line conversion by the use of a mirrored kaleidoscope and a 90-deg segment of a 45-deg half-angle internally reflecting cone. Our laboratory results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The aberrations associated with this optical system are minor for large F-number optical systems, especially for the cone segment. The finesse degradation caused by this CLIO system is relatively small, which agrees with the results of a ray-trace study.
An asymptotic solution for the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model of the Josephson junction

Using the method developed by Bogolyubov et al., we find analytically a steady-state solution for the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model of the Josephson junction that is driven by a constant current source. This solution explains how the relative amplitude of the voltage oscillation depends on the junction parameters such as I/sub o/ (the critical current), R (the resistance), C (the capacitance), and the external current I/sub e/. The validity of the analytical solution is assessed by comparing it with numerical results. We find that this solution is useful for normal tunnel junction with I/sub e//I/sub o/ of order 1 or larger, and for any other weak links with I/sub e//I/sub o/ much larger than 1.
Sources and impacts of irrigation drainwater contaminants in arid wetlands

Arid wetlands are being contaminated by subsurface agricultural irrigation drainage throughout the western United States. Historic freshwater inflows have been diverted for agricultural and municipal use, and remaining freshwater supplies are not sufficient to maintain the integrity of these important natural areas once they are degraded by irrigation drainwater. Waterfowl populations are threatened in the Pacific and Central Flyways; migratory birds have been poisoned by drainwater contaminants on at least six national wildlife refuges. Subsurface irrigation drainage is the most widespread and biologically important source of contaminants to wetlands in arid regions of the country. The case history of poisoning at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in California and studies at other locations by the U.S. Department of the Interior provide detailed information on the toxicity of drainwater contaminants to fish and wildlife. Biogeochemical conditions favorable for the production of toxic drainage are found throughout the western states. Two actions seem necessary to prevent further drainage-related degradation of arid wetlands. First is a reduction in the amount of contaminants reaching these wetlands, possibly involving regulatory intervention through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit process. Second, a better balance must be achieved in the way fresh water is allocated between agriculture and wildlife. Federally subsidized water has supported agriculture at the expense of wetlands for nearly 100 years in the western United States. This trend must be reversed if arid wetlands and their fish and wildlife populations are to survive.
A 250 GHz Gyrotron with a 3 GHz Tuning Bandwidth for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

Abstract We describe the design and implementation of a novel tunable 250 GHz gyrotron oscillator with >10 W output power over most of a 3 GHz band and >35 W peak power. The tuning bandwidth and power are sufficient to generate a >1 MHz nutation frequency across the entire nitroxide EPR lineshape for cross effect DNP, as well as to excite solid effect transitions utilizing other radicals, without the need for sweeping the NMR magnetic field. Substantially improved tunability is achieved by implementing a long (23 mm) interaction cavity that can excite higher order axial modes by changing either the magnetic field of the gyrotron or the cathode potential. This interaction cavity excites the rotating TE5,2,q mode, and an internal mode converter outputs a high-quality microwave beam with >94% Gaussian content. The gyrotron was integrated into a DNP spectrometer, resulting in a measured DNP enhancement of 54 on the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin.
ATP stimulates Ca2+-waves and gene expression in cultured human pulmonary fibroblasts

Given that extracellular ATP is markedly elevated in inflammation and is known to modulate fibroblast function, we examined the effects of exogenously added ATP on Ca(2+)-handling and gene expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts. Cells were loaded with the Ca(2+)-indicator dye fluo-4 and studied using confocal fluorimetry. Standard RT-PCR was used to probe gene expression. ATP (10(-5)M) evoked recurring Ca(2+)-waves which were completely occluded by cyclopiazonic acid (depletes the internal Ca(2+)-store) or the phospholipase inhibitor U73122. Pretreatment with ryanodine (10(-5)M), however, had no effect on the ATP-evoked responses. Regarding the receptor through which ATP acted, we found the ATP-response to be mimicked by UTP or ADP but not by adenosine or alpha,beta-methylene-ATP, and to be blocked by the purinergic receptor blocker PPADS. The ATP-evoked response was greater and longer lasting within the nucleus than in the non-nuclear portion of the cytosol. RT-PCR showed that ATP also rapidly and dramatically increased gene expression of P2Y(4) receptors, the cytokine TGF-beta (an important modulator of wound repair) and two matrix proteins (collagen A1 and fibronectin) approximately 4-5 times above baseline: this increase was not significantly affected by ryanodine but was abolished by PPADS. We conclude that, in human pulmonary fibroblasts, ATP acts upon P2Y receptors to liberate internal Ca(2+) through ryanodine-insensitive channels, leading to a Ca(2+)-wave which courses throughout the cell and modulates gene expression.
Cystic fibrosis: disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition that results in progressive lung disease and premature death. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that have varying effects on CFTR production and function. The pathophysiology of CF has been extensively studied and therapeutic targets identified. This review outlines potential new therapies that aim to increase or compensate for reduced CFTR function as well as targeting the mechanisms that lead to progressive lung disease.
Over-expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene induces cell death in lung adenocarcinoma cells

The endogenous angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptor (AT 2) has been shown to mediate apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the anti-cancer effect of AT 2 over-expression on lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro using adenoviral (Ad), FuGENE, and nanoparticle vectors. All three gene transfection methods efficiently transfected AT 2 cDNA into lung cancer cells but caused minimal gene transfection in normal lung epithelial cells. Ad-AT 2 significantly attenuated multiple human lung cancer cell growth (A549 and H358) as compared to the control viral vector, Ad-LacZ, when cell viability was examined by direct cell count. Examination of annexin V by flow cytometry revealed the activation of the apoptotic pathway via AT 2 over-expression. Western Blot analysis confirmed the activation of caspase-3. Similarly, poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulated AT 2 plasmid DNA were shown to be effectively taken up into the lung cancer cell. Nanoparticle-based AT 2 gene transfection markedly increased AT 2 expression and resultant cell death in A549 cells. These results indicate that AT 2 over-expression effectively attenuates growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells through intrinsic apoptosis. Our results also suggest that PLGA nanoparticles can be used as an efficient gene delivery vector for lung adenocarcinoma targeted therapy.
Crowds on Wall Street: Extracting Value from Collaborative Investing Platforms

In crowdsourced systems, it is often difficult to separate the highly capable "experts" from the average worker. In this paper, we study the problem of evaluating and identifying experts in the context of SeekingAlpha and StockTwits, two crowdsourced investment services that are encroaching on a space dominated for decades by large investment banks. We seek to understand the quality and impact of content on collaborative investment platforms, by empirically analyzing complete datasets of SeekingAlpha articles (9 years) and StockTwits messages (4 years). We develop sentiment analysis tools and correlate contributed content to the historical performance of relevant stocks. While SeekingAlpha articles and StockTwits messages provide minimal correlation to stock performance in aggregate, a subset of experts contribute more valuable (predictive) content. We show that these authors can be easily identified by user interactions, and investments using their analysis significantly outperform broader markets. Finally, we conduct a user survey that sheds light on users views of SeekingAlpha content and stock manipulation.
Linkage of the nuclear hormone receptor genes NR1D2, THRB, and RARB: evidence for an ancient, large-scale duplication.

Abstract The THRA gene encoding thyroid hormone receptor α shares an unusual partial overlap with the NR1D1 gene encoding the orphan receptor Rev-ErbAα. Though THRA and NR1D1 have close relatives in THRB and NR1D2, which encode TRβ and Rev-ErbAβ, these β isoforms do not share an analogous overlap. Here we report that the human THRB and NR1D2 genes are separated by approximately 1 Mb on chromosome 3 and that these two genes are also linked to the RARB gene, which encodes retinoic acid receptor β. Since previous results indicate that the THRA/NR1D1 locus is also linked to the RARA gene, these results suggest that the two receptor gene clusters were generated by a single large-scale duplication.
Complete wetting of helium on graphite.

Using the vibrating-wire microbalance technique we have found that superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, normal fluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ all wet graphite completely. Incomplete wetting above ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ was simulated by intentionally introducing a temperature gradient in the apparatus. Data in the thick-film regime are found to be consistent with the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill model of adsorption. The graphite fiber surface has been characterized through volumetric adsorption isotherms, revealing additional surface area not previously accounted for by others using this technique.
Prenatal diagnosis of a 9q34.3 microdeletion by array-CGH in a fetus with an apparently balanced translocation.

Objectives Use high-resolution genome analysis to clarify the genomic integrity in a fetus with a cytogenetically balanced translocation t(2;9)(q11.2;q34.3). Methods High resolution molecular cytogenetic analyses including G-banded chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were performed on cultured cells, and DNA extracted from chorionic villus sample (CVS), amniotic fluid cells and fetal tissue. In addition, a custom fosmid-based tiling path 9q34.3 microarray with a resolution of 35–40 kb was used for array-CGH. Results GTG-banding analysis showed an apparently balanced de novo translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 2 and 9; t(2;9)(q11.2;q34.3). Array-CGH using a targeted chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) uncovered a submicroscopic deletion of the subtelomeric region of 9q34.3 revealing the unbalanced nature of the rearrangement. These results were confirmed independently by FISH. The deletion was delimited to 2.7 Mb in size using the 9q34.3 fosmid-based tiling path array-CGH. Conclusion Array-CGH is a powerful tool for rapid detection of genomic imbalances associated with microdeletion/duplication syndromes and for the evaluation of de novo apparently balanced translocation to enable high-resolution genomic analysis at the breakpoints. Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal rearrangements involving dosage-sensitive genomic regions is an important adjuvant to prenatal care and provides more accurate information for counseling and informed decision making. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THz interconnect: the last centimeter communication

Terahertz, sandwiched between conventional microwave and optical frequencies, has inspired increasing interest due to its uniqueness and high potential applications, such as imaging, sensing, and communications. This article, on the other hand, focuses on one emerging application of the terahertz spectrum: THz interconnect. Intra-/inter-chip communication has doubled every two years over recent decades, and the trend is projected to continue in the future. However, the bandwidth supportable by chip I/O pins cannot keep up with the requirement, which forms the increasing gap between the bandwidth requirement and support capability, or the interconnect gap. To ultimately solve the problem and close the gap, both bandwidth density and energy efficiency should be boosted. THz interconnect holds high potential to boost key performance by leveraging the advantages of both high-speed electronics devices and low-loss quasi-optical channels. This article discusses THz interconnect from different aspects: system architecture, circuit specifications, design challenges, and non-ideality effects. Particularly, this article exemplifies both active and passive circuit design techniques for THz interconnect, a 140 GHz transceiver and a terahertz generator in 65 nm CMOS technology, and a low-loss and process- compatible silicon waveguide channel. THz interconnect opens high potential new revenue to solve the long-standing interconnect issue.
Effect of helium on void swelling in molybdenum

Abstract Simultaneous irradiation of molybdenum with helium and heavy ions (Ta 3+ ) using a dual beam facility resulted in continued void nucleation in molybdenum to high dose levels, but the added helium had no measurable effect on the void swelling or swelling rate when compared with results for heavy ion irradiation without helium. Pretreatment by neutron irradiation or preinjection with helium resulted in no significant microstructural changes compared to no pretreatment. Also the temperature dependence of swelling was essentially unchanged when helium was added to the irradiation. The lack of a strong helium effect was attributed to the high inherent void nucleation rate in molybdenum. The overall swelling rate was similar to that observed for neutron irradiation and correlated well with the microstructural features that were observed. At the highest temperature and dose (1475 K and 40 dpa), simultaneous helium and heavy ion irradiation did result in a very nonuniform void distribution; thus, helium may have a greater effect on the microstructure at temperatures above those reported here.
Hierarchical, multiscale surface reaction mechanism development: CO and H2 oxidation, water–gas shift, and preferential oxidation of CO on Rh

Abstract A hierarchical multiscale parameter refinement approach was used to develop microkinetic models for CO and H 2 oxidation, and CO–H 2 coupling for water–gas shift (WGS) and preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO on Rh. The rate parameters were estimated with a combination of quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT), the semi empirical unity bond index-quadratic exponential potential method, and transition-state theory. To improve the predictive ability, selected pre-factors of the CO and H 2 oxidation reaction mechanisms were optimized against multiple experimental data sets, such as ignition, molecular beam, and laser-induced fluorescence. Thermodynamic consistency of rate parameters was ensured over a wide temperature range by a combination of statistical mechanics and constraints-based optimization. DFT calculations were used to estimate cross adsorbate–adsorbate CO–H interactions. It is shown that the coupling between the two fuels arising from these interactions is essential for PROX of CO. Important reaction pathways in the WGS and PROX chemistries are discussed. For example, it is shown that the oxidation of CO by OH via the carboxyl intermediate, and not by O, is the dominant path in PROX. Thus, hydrogen acts as a “catalyst” for CO combustion under certain conditions. Finally, the mechanisms are validated against additional sets of redundant experimental data.
Direct writing of metal conductors with near-uv light

Deposition of micrometer-scale tungsten, molybdenum and platinum lines with the aid of the uv light from an argon-ion laser was investigated. Tungsten and molybdenum were deposited from their corresponding carbonyls and platinum from an acetylacetonate compound. High-quality metal conductors could be achieved for tungsten and platinum using a combined photolytic and pyrolytic, or “hybrid”, deposition scheme. The resistivity for these two deposited metals was approximately twice the bulk value. For molybdenum the deposition process was fast and dominated by the pyrolysis; the corresponding line resistivity was slightly higher than for the two other metals.
Transcriptional impact of organophosphate and metal mixtures on olfaction: Copper dominates the chlorpyrifos-induced response in adult zebrafish

Chemical exposures in fish have been linked to loss of olfaction leading to an inability to detect predators and prey and decreased survival. However, the mechanisms underlying olfactory neurotoxicity are not well characterized, especially in environmental exposures which involve chemical mixtures. We used zebrafish to characterize olfactory transcriptional responses by two model olfactory inhibitors, the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and mixtures of CPF with the neurotoxic metal copper (Cu). Microarray analysis was performed on RNA from olfactory tissues of zebrafish exposed to CPF alone or to a mixture of CPF and Cu. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, whereas gene set analysis was used to identify biological themes in the microarray data. Microarray results were confirmed by real-time PCR on genes serving as potential biomarkers of olfactory injury. In addition, we mined our previously published Cu-induced zebrafish olfactory transcriptional response database (Tilton et al., 2008) for the purposes of discriminating pathways of olfaction impacted by either the individual agents or the CPF-Cu mixture transcriptional signatures. CPF exposure altered the expression of gene pathways associated with cellular morphogenesis and odorant binding, but not olfactory signal transduction, a known olfactory pathway for Cu. The mixture profiles shared genes from the Cu and CPF datasets, whereas some genes were altered only by the mixtures. The transcriptional signature of the mixtures was more similar to that in zebrafish exposed to Cu alone than for CPF. In conclusion, exposure to a mixture containing a common environmental metal and pesticide causes a unique transcriptional signature that is heavily influenced by the metal, even when organophosphate predominates.
Influence of protein type and level on nitrogen and forage use in cows consuming low-quality forage

Minimal quantities of ruminally degradable protein from supplements may improve supplement use efficiency of ruminants grazing dormant forages. In Exp. 1, N retention, ruminal NH(3), serum urea N, and NDF digestibility were evaluated for 12 ruminally cannulated cows (Bos spp.) in an incomplete Latin Square design with 3 periods of 42 d each. Cows were fed weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] hay (4.1% CP, 75% NDF, OM basis) at 1.3 % BW/d and offered 1 of 3 sources of CP [urea, cottonseed (Gossypium spp.) meal (CSM); or 50% blood meal and 50% feather meal combination (BFM)] fed to supply 0, 40, 80, or 160 g/d of CP. Beginning on d 22 of supplementation, ruminal contents and serum samples were collected at -2, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 h relative to the morning offering of hay. On Day 24, feces and urine were collected for 72 h. In Exp. 2, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin Square to evaluate use of supplements differing in quantity and ruminal CP degradability. Steers were fed 6.8 kg/d chopped sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench nothosubsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse] hay (3.7% CP, 74% NDF on OM basis) and supplemented with 56 g/d of a salt mineral mix (CON); CON + 28 g/d blood meal + 28 g/d feather meal (BFM); CON + 98 g/d CSM (LCS); or CON + 392 g/d CSM (HCS). Treatments provided 0, 40, 40, or 160 g/d of CP for CON, BFM, LCS, and HCS respectively. In Exp. 1, N use and total tract NDF digestibility were not affected by protein sources or amounts (P ≥ 0.18). Ruminal NH(3) concentrations exhibited a quadratic response over time for UREA (P 0.05) by amount or across time. In Exp. 2, supplementation had a tendency (P = 0.09) to increase DM disappearance. Supplementation also increased (P < 0.01) serum glucose concentrations; however, no difference (P ≥ 0.28) was found between supplements. Serum urea N and ruminal NH(3) concentrations were increased (P ≤ 0.01) in steers fed HCS. Feeding low quantities of a high-RUP supplement maintained rumen function without negatively affecting DM or NDF digestibility of a low-quality forage diet.
Expert opinion in biological therapy: update on developments in lung gene transfer.

Introduction: Gene therapy may be suitable for a large number of acquired and inherited lung diseases, and research efforts in the field are vast. Although gene transfer to the lung has proven more challenging than initially anticipated, significant progress has been made over the last 10 years. Areas covered: Here, we will first review viral and non-viral gene transfer agents that have been assessed for lung gene therapy and discuss key barriers to pulmonary gene transfer. We will then review progress in gene therapy for various lung diseases. Expert opinion: In our view, one of the most significant developments in recent years is the generation of lentiviral vectors which efficiently transduce lung tissue. Focused and coordinated efforts assessing lentivirus safety and scaling up lentivirus production will be required to move this vector into clinical lung gene therapy studies. Although market authorization for a lung gene therapy product is not yet available, we are optimistic that this key milestone c...
The Five Per Cent Fallacy.

Using the Kastenbaum and Candy study of locations where persons aged sixty-five plus died over the period of one year in a large metropolitan city as a model, this study examined the place of death...
High-Efficiency Motor Retrofit and Replacement Economics for the Textile Industry

As power costs continue to rise, the world's exisiting motor population will become more and more obsolete. Today's astute textile manufacturing companies wiUl recognize this fact and seek ways of upgrading their machines. Two major alternatives available to these companies are reviewed: replacing motors before they fail, known as retrofitting, and replacing rather than rewinding motors as they fail with high-efficiency motors. Issues related to the alternatives discussed are 1) economics of motor replacement, 2) development of equipment list and data, 3) operating efficiency of existing motors, 4) impact of rewinding on efficiency, 5) verification of efficiency assumptions via on-site testing, 6) determination of changeout labor cost, 7) salvage value of exisiting motors, 8) downtime and its effect on replacement programs, 9) reliabilty enhancement, and 10) warranty implications.
After father's death: Authority and conflict in the eighteenth-century French household

This article argues that Parisian widows, in taking over a guiding role in the household, upset normative gender roles. One result of that change was violence in the household between widows and their adult sons. In asserting their authority, widows found unlikely allies in the institutions of the State, legal structures and the guild system. Ultimately, widows' roles in their families demonstrated the ways that gender roles were fluid in lived experience, as opposed to the ways they were articulated in rhetorical texts.
Single bath process for imparting antimicrobial activity and ultraviolet protective property to bamboo viscose fabric

Bamboo viscose, a new cellulose-based textile material was investigated for biomedical applications such as ultraviolet protective ability and antimicrobial activity. Untreated bamboo viscose fabric was found to afford poor protection against UV radiation and also possessed minimal antimicrobial properties. To enhance UV protection characteristics, fabrics were subjected to different treatments viz., dyeing; finishing with commercial UV absorbers; and one-bath dyeing and finishing with UV absorber. Treatment conditions were optimized with regard to the concentration of UV absorber and dye. Results obtained showed that the UPF values increase with increase in UV absorber and dye concentration. Subsequently, a single bath process to apply both antimicrobial and UV protective treatments to bamboo fabric was studied. Results showed that both treatments are compatible for application from a single bath. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent was not adversely affected by the presence of an UV absorber and the treated fabric also retained excellent UV protective properties.
Diurnal variation of sodium and water metabolism among patients with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome).

Fieve RR, Go R, Dunner DL, Elston R (1984): Search for biological/genetic markers in a long-term epidemiological and morbid risk study of affective disorders. J Psychiatr Res 18~425-445. Morton NE, Simpson SP, Lew R, Yee S (1983): Estimation of haplotype frequencies. Tissue Antigen 221257. Shapiro RW, Bock E, Rafaelsen OJ, Ryder LP, Svejgaard A (1976): Histocompatibility antigens and manic-depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:823-825. Targum SD, Gershon ES, Van Eerdewegh M, Rogentine N (1979): Human leukocyte antigen system not closely linked to or associated with bipolar depressive illness. Biol Psychiatry 14:615-636. Tiwari JL, Terasaki PI (1985): HLA and Disease Associations. New York: Springer-Verlag.
A mixture of elastic materials with different constituent temperatures and internal constraints

Abstract A novel treatment of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and the development of general thermomechanical constraints are introduced for a mixture of two elastic materials in which the constituents may have different temperatures. First, a homothermal quasi-static process at a common mixture temperature is introduced. Part I of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is invoked to assert that the Clausius integrals are path-independent, which leads to a prescription, or an identification, of the partial entropy functions. Then, two assumptions are introduced that establish the values of the partial entropy functions for general processes, including those for which the constituent temperatures are not equal. Constitutive restrictions are derived for path-independent processes from the mixture energy equation, and further constitutive restrictions are derived for general processes upon invoking the Clausius–Duhem inequality as a statement of Part II of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The complete set of constitutive restrictions are then shown to equal those derived by other authors, a result which supports the adopted assumptions concerning the partial entropy functions for general processes. Then, an internal constraint involving the deformation gradient tensors and the constituent temperatures is represented by a constraint manifold, and an internally constrained mixture of elastic materials is associated with each unique equivalence class of unconstrained mixtures. The examples of a mixture constrained to have a common temperature and a mixture constrained by temperature-dependent intrinsic compressibility are discussed.
An Amphiphilic Approach to Nanocrystal Quantum Dot−Titania Nanocomposites

The addition of octylamine-modified poly(acrylic acid) to nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) results in robust, alcohol-soluble nanoparticles that can be readily incorporated into titania matrices without large changes in photoluminescence quantum yields. This approach relies on the amphiphilic nature of the polymer to create an NQD−polymer complex in which the alkyl chains interact with the hydrophobic part of the NQD, leaving the polar carboxylic acid groups on the periphery. This procedure is applicable to hydrophobically capped NQDs of a variety of shapes and compositions, making it a truly generalized route to nanocrystal−titania nanocomposites.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Bitopic Ferrocenyl-Linked Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligand and Its Silver(I) Coordination Polymers

The bitopic ligand 1,1‘-bis(dipyrazol-1-ylmethyl)ferrocene, Fe[C5H4CH(pz)2]2 (1; pz = pyrazolyl ring), has been prepared by the reaction of 1,1‘-ferrocenedicarbaldehyde and 1,1‘-carbonyldipyrazole. In the solid state, the bis(pyrazolyl)methane moieties are in an antiperiplanar eclipsed orientation. The molecules are organized into a three-dimensional array by π···π, weak C−H···N hydrogen bonding, and C−H···π interactions. The reactions between 1 and AgBF4, AgPF6, AgSO3CF3, or AgSbF6 yield {Fe[C5H4CH(pz)2]2AgBF4}n (2), {Fe[C5H4CH(pz)2]2AgPF6}n (3), {Fe[C5H4CH(pz)2]2AgSO3CF3}n (4), and {Fe[C5H4CH(pz)2]2AgSbF6}n (5), respectively. The solid-state structures consist of coordination polymers with compounds 2 and 3 arranged in helical chains, while the chains in 3·1/2Et2O, 4·1.5C6H6, 5·1/2Et2O, and 5·1/2C6H6 are nonhelical. In these structures, the ferrocenyl groups adopt a similar orientation, where the angle between CH(pz)2 groups is confined to the range of 85−99° and the silver pyrazolyl coordination sphere...
Staining Paraffin Sections with Protargol 6. Impregnation and Differentiation of Nerve Fibers in Adrenal Glands of Mammals

A series of experiments with protargol staining of nerve fibers in mammalian adrenal glands has yielded the following procedure: Fix-1-2 days in a mixture of formamide (Eastman Kodak Company) 10 cc, chloral hydrate 5 g., and 50% ethyl alcohol 90 cc. Wash, dehydrate and embed in paraffin. Cut sections about 15 and mount on slides. Remove the paraffin and run down to distilled water. Mordant 1-2 days in a 1% aqueous solution of thallous (or lead) nitrate at 56-60°C. Wash thru several changes of distilled water and impregnate in 1% aqueous protargol (Winthrop Chemical Company) at 37-40°C. for 1 to 2 days. Rinse quickly in distilled water and differentiate 7-15 seconds in a 0.1% aqueous solution of oxalic acid. Rinse thru several changes of distilled water for a total time of 0.5 to 1.0 rain. Reduce 3-5 rain, in Bodian's reducer: hydroquinone 1 g., sodium sulfite 5 g., distilled water 100 cc. Wash in running water 3-5 min. and tone 5-10 min. in a 0.2% gold chloride solution. Wash 0.5 min. or more and reduce i...
The ion-induced dipole potential: A caveat concerning molecular polarizabilities

Abstract The molecular polarizability α which appears in the ion-induced dipole potential is the sum of an electronic contribution (αc) and a nuclear or “atomic” contribution (αa). Most compilations of polarizabilities list only αe. We show here by example that analysis of ion-molecule scattering experiments can be seriously in error if αe is used in place of α.
Age structure of six populations of old-field mice,Peromyscus polionotus

An accurate age-estimating technique, based on biochemical changes in eye lens protein, was used to study age structures of six populations of the old-field mouse,Peromyscus polionotus. A new mathematical procedure permitted quantitative comparisons of these populations. Four inland populations had essentially the same median ages (75–84 days), maximum ages (248–297 days) and relative production rates (56–58% of the surviving population had been born in the 100 days prior to sampling). Approximately 50% of the females were old enough to have weaned a litter. One inland population had a lower median age (49 days), a lower maximum age (181 days) and a higher relative production rate (73%). Relatively fewer females (38%) could have weaned a litter. The single beach population was also different, with higher median age (180 days), and lower relative production rate (2%). All females were old enough to have weaned a litter. Maximum age was essentially the same as for the four similar, inland populations. Factors which may have contributed to observed differences in these populations are discussed.
Excess mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: a follow up of the 1980s Utah/UCLA autism epidemiologic study.

This study’s purpose was to investigate mortality among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ascertained during a 1980s statewide autism prevalence study (n = 305) in relation to controls. Twenty-nine of these individuals (9.5 %) died by the time of follow up, representing a hazard rate ratio of 9.9 (95 % CI 5.7–17.2) in relation to population controls. Death certificates identified respiratory, cardiac, and epileptic events as the most common causes of death. The elevated mortality risk associated with ASD in the study cohort appeared related to the presence of comorbid medical conditions and intellectual disability rather than ASD itself suggesting the importance of coordinated medical care for this high risk sub-population of individuals with ASD.
Near-Mars space

The prevalent attributes of near-Mars space are described: the ambient interplanetary environment, the ionosphere, the upper atmosphere, and more remote regions that are affected by the presence of Mars. The descriptions are based on existing Martian data and/or models constructed from measurements made near Venus. Specific attention is given to the features of solar wind interaction with magnetospheric and ionospheric obstacles. The high-altitude plasma and field environment, the energetic particle environment, the ionosphere environment, and the neutral upper atmosphere environment are described with extensive graphic information, based on existing measurements collected from nine Martian missions. The ionospheric obstacle is assumed to prevail as a mechanism for describing the scenario. Martian perturbation of solar wind is theorized to be of a relatively small order. A distinctive local energetic particle population of planetary origin is shown to result from the direct interaction of solar wind plasma. This phenomenon is considered evidence of the important scavenging of planetary elements from Mars. The absence of a planetary dipole field around Mars, like its low gravity and distance from the sun, is considered important in determining the environment of this earthlike laboratory.
Caveolin-1: a critical regulator of lung fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic disorder characterized by activation of fibroblasts and overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM). Caveolin-1 (cav-1), a principal component of caveolae, has been implicated in the regulation of numerous signaling pathways and biological processes. We observed marked reduction of cav-1 expression in lung tissues and in primary pulmonary fibroblasts from IPF patients compared with controls. We also demonstrated that cav-1 markedly ameliorated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as indicated by histological analysis, hydroxyproline content, and immunoblot analysis. Additionally, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), the well-known profibrotic cytokine, decreased cav-1 expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts. cav-1 was able to suppress TGF-β1–induced ECM production in cultured fibroblasts through the regulation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Interestingly, highly activated JNK was detected in IPF- and BLM-instilled lung tissue samples, which was dramatically suppressed by ad–cav-1 infection. Moreover, JNK1-null fibroblasts showed reduced smad signaling cascades, mimicking the effects of cav-1. This study indicates a pivotal role for cav-1 in ECM regulation and suggests a novel therapeutic target for patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
A Text Mining Model for Hypothesis Generation

This paper presents a tool to detect links between two topics across documents (e.g. two individuals). We interpret such a query as finding the most meaningful evidence trail across documents that connect these two topics. We propose to use link analysis techniques over the extracted features provided by Information Extraction Engine for finding new knowledge. A concept-association-graph based approach was proposed which combines text mining, information retrieval and link analysis techniques. Experimental results on the counterterrorism corpus demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm. Specifically, the algorithm generates ranked concept chains where the key terms representing significant relationships between topics are ranked high1.
Transmission Properties of Filled Thermoplastic Insulated and Jacketed Telephone Cables at Voice and Carrier Frequencies

Interest is increasing in thermoplastic insulated and jacketed cables that are filled to minimize the entry and flow of water within the core. Such cable designs provide reliable, stable transmission characteristics, particularly for the increasingly popular pulse-code modulation (PCM) systems. This paper explores the primary and secondary electrical parameters of filled telephone cables in the voice and carrier frequency range. In addition, data are presented on nearend and far-end crosstalk.
TGF-β signaling via TAK1 pathway: Role in kidney fibrosis

In progressive kidney diseases, fibrosis represents the common pathway to end-stage kidney failure. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been established as a central mediator of kidney fibrosis. Emerging evidence shows a complex scheme of signaling networks that enable multifunctionality of TGF-β1 actions. Specific targeting of the TGF-β signaling pathway is seemingly critical and an attractive molecular therapeutic strategy. TGF-β1 signals through the interaction of type I and type II receptors to activate distinct intracellular pathways involving the Smad and the non-Smad. The Smad signaling axis is known as the canonical pathway induced by TGF-β1. Importantly, recent investigations have shown that TGF-β1 also induces various non-Smad signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on current insights into the mechanism and function of the Smad-independent signaling pathway via TGF-β-activated kinase 1 and its role in mediating the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1.
AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE TRANSIENT DIFFUSION EQUATION WITH AN IMPLICIT FORMULATION

A new algorithm is developed for the numerical solution of the multidimensional transient diffusion equation with an implicit formulation. This algorithm can be considered as a generalization of the tridiagonal algorithm commonly used for the one-dimensional transient diffusion problem. It is demonstrated to be accurate, efficient, and reduce substantially the computation time and storage requirement generally associated with implicit numerical solutions to this class of problems. A simple problem of transient conduction in a two-dimensional rectangular solid is solved as an illustration. For an M x N node finite-difference grid, an implicit numerical solution with a direct matrix inversion will involve the inversion of an MN x MN matrix. The present algorithm, however, requires only the inversion of N matrices of dimension M x M. For even moderate values of M and N, the present algorithm represents a significant reduction in computational complexity.
Lightweight detection and classification for wireless sensor networks in realistic environments

A wide variety of sensors have been incorporated into a spectrum of wireless sensor network (WSN) platforms, providing flexible sensing capability over a large number of low-power and inexpensive nodes. Traditional signal processing algorithms, however, often prove too complex for energy-and-cost-effective WSN nodes. This study explores how to design efficient sensing and classification algorithms that achieve reliable sensing performance on energy-and-cost effective hardware without special powerful nodes in a continuously changing physical environment. We present the detection and classification system in a cutting-edge surveillance sensor network, which classifies vehicles, persons, and persons carrying ferrous objects, and tracks these targets with a maximum error in velocity of 15%. Considering the demanding requirements and strict resource constraints, we design a hierarchical classification architecture that naturally distributes sensing and computation tasks at different levels of the system. Such a distribution allows multiple sensors to collaborate on a sensor node, and the detection and classification results to be continuously refined at different levels of the WSN. This design enables reliable detection and classification without involving high-complexity computation, reduces network traffic, and emphasizes resilience and adaptation to the realistic environment. We evaluate the system with performance data collected from outdoor experiments and field assessments. Based on the experience acquired and lessons learned when developing this system, we abstract common issues and introduce several guidelines which can direct future development of detection and classification solutions based on WSNs.