cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Submillisecond resolution lightning currents and sprite development: Observations and implications

We analyze synchronized high speed video images and ELF-VLF radio emissions from 11 sprite clusters observed on 6 October 1997. Quantitative analysis shows that vertical lightning charge moment changes of 150–1100 C · km occurred before the optical emissions reached their peak with delays of 2–11 ms from the lightning discharge. This threshold unexpectedly decreases with increasing delay from parent lightning to peak emissions. We also find that sprite charge moment change and minimum sprite altitude are not well correlated with the vertical charge moment change in the parent discharge. These observations do not agree well with present sprite generation models, and we suggest that streamer development and horizontal lightning charge motion can play a significant role in sprite generation.
Two Sides to the Story: An Interactionist Perspective on Identifying Potential

PETER G. DOMINICKStevens Institute of TechnologyALLISON S. GABRIELThe University of AkronTreat people as if they were what theyoughttobeandyouhelpthemtobecomewhat they are capable of being.—Johann Wolfgang Von GoetheSilzer and Church (2009) rightly point outthat the identiﬁcation of potential mustbegin with a clear and contextually rele-vant deﬁnition of the construct. As theynote, across varying ﬁelds of practice andresearch, one will ﬁnd a wide array ofvariables emphasized as critical to that def-inition. Their article makes a signiﬁcantcontribution toward the integration andsynthesis of those divergent perspectives.Yet, in today’s global workplace wherethe competition for a qualiﬁed workforceis ever increasing (e.g., Farrell et al., 2005;Gandossy&Effron,2003),perhapsthemorepressing challenges organizations face cen-ter on what they can do not just to identifyhigh potential but also to optimize and,perhaps in some cases, create potentialamong the workforce they possess.
A cellular dynamical mean field theory approach to Mottness

Abstract We investigate the properties of a strongly correlated electron system in the proximity of a Mott insulating phase within the Hubbard model, using a cluster generalization of the dynamical mean field theory. We find that Mottness is intimately connected with the existence in momentum space of a surface of zeros of the single particle Green’s function. The opening of a Mott–Hubbard gap at half filling and the opening of a pseudogap at finite doping are necessary elements for the existence of this surface. At the same time, the Fermi surface may change topology or even disappear. Within this framework, we provide a simple picture for the appearance of Fermi arcs. We identify the strong short-range correlations as the source of these phenomena and we identify the cumulant as the natural irreducible quantity capable of describing this short-range physics. We develop a new version of the cellular dynamical mean field theory based on cumulants that provides the tools for a unified treatment of general lattice Hamiltonians.
Traffic-Matching Revenue-Rate Maximization Scheduling for Downlink OFDMA

In this paper, we study the weighted sum rate (w- rate) maximization algorithms with proportional rate fairness (PRF) and delay constraints for the downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. First, based on the Lagrangian duality optimization tool, we design a weighted sum rate maximization scheme based on instantaneous transmit power and bit error rate (BER) constraints. Second, to meet the rate fairness constraint imposed by different users' diverse traffic demands, we design a fast algorithm to search for the optimal weight factors, and implement the traffic-matching duality scheme to achieve the long-term target PRF and enhanced revenue rate. Third, we provide analytical channel throughput formulas for equal power allocation (EPA) and waterfilling (WF) power allocations schemes, and also evaluate the actual throughput taking into account the traffic random arrival process, limited buffer size, and transmission delay deadline. Simulation results show that the proposed traffic-matching duality scheme can achieve a significantly higher revenue rate than the fixed weight duality scheme which only tries to maximize the revenue rate but does not match the incoming traffic.
Early child care and the school readiness of children from Mexican immigrant families

Combining conceptual models from immigration and educational research, this study investigated whether a normative antecedent to the transition to formal schooling in the contemporary U.S. – early child care – links Mexican immigrant status to various aspects of school readiness. Regression models with nationally representative data revealed that children from Mexican immigrant families were overrepresented in parental care and underrepresented in center-based care compared to their native peers from other race/ethnic populations, which helped to explain a significant but small portion of their generally lower rates of both math achievement and externalizing symptoms in kindergarten. This mediating role of early child care, however, paled in comparison to family socioeconomic circumstances.
On link rate adaptation in 802.11n WLANs

The IEEE 802.11n standard is gaining popularity to achieve high throughput in Wireless LANs. In this paper, we explore link adaptation in practical 802.11n systems using experiments with off-the-shelf hardware. Our experiments reveal several non-trivial insights. Specifically, (1) trivial extensions of algorithms developed for 802.11g provide minimal benefits in 802.11n systems; (2) in contrast to theoretical expectation, multiple antenna transmission does not always lead to higher throughput in practice; (3) both stream and antenna selection are essential to reap the full benefits of MIMO technologies. We use insights developed from experiments to develop a new metric for stream selection called the Median Multiplexing Factor (MMF). The proposed metric can be used to develop intelligent rate selection algorithms that can achieve high throughput with purely software changes.
CAAD: an automatic task support system

Recent HCI research shows strong interest in task management systems (e.g. [19, 27]) that support the multi-tasked nature of information work [13]. These systems either require users to manually create and maintain task representations or they depend on explicit user cues to guide the creation and maintenance process. To access and use the task representations in these systems, users must also specify their current task. This interaction overhead inhibits the adoption of these systems. In this paper, we present a novel approach to task management that automates the creation and maintenance of task representations. Our system supports the user by making commonly used information more "ready-at-hand" through an intuitive visualization of their task representations. Users can correct and organize their task representations by directly manipulating the visualization; however, this interaction is not required. We describe a feasibility study that demonstrates the actual utility (in terms of overhead reduction) and perceived utility of our system.
Differential trends in prevalence of diabetes and unrelated general medical illness for schizophrenia patients before and after the atypical antipsychotic era.

Abstract Objective To estimate the net growth in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the population of patients with schizophrenia that may be attributable to the increased use of the class of atypical antipsychotics (A-APDs), adjusting for community trends in DM risk. Methods Using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, we perform trend analyses for prevalence of DM and general illness unrelated to insulin resistance in patients with schizophrenia, as well as in individuals without known mental illness, during three time periods: 1) prior to any A-APDs introduction (1979–1989); 2) short-term after their introduction (1990–1995), and long-term following their introduction (1996–2001). Results Trends in DM and general illness risks were comparable among inpatients with schizophrenia and those without mental illness during the pre-A-APD era and the short-term post-A-APDs era. During 1996–2001, the net difference in DM prevalence grew at an increasing rate (0.7% per year, p p = 0.016) could be attributed to the use of A-APDs. There was no significant net growth in the prevalence of general illness during this period for these patients. This growth was most pronounced among African-American females and middle aged (35–49 years old) patients. This increased risk of DM translates into additional direct medical costs of $800 million per year. Conclusions The introduction of A-APDs, after a lag period, is associated with increased risk of DM. This needs to be considered in light of the advantages of these drugs in efficacy and tolerability. Long-term studies are necessary to identify the effect of individual A-APDs on DM risk.
Journeys and Generations: Tending the Professional Self

In this personal reflection piece, the author reprises her Kohut Memorial Lecture given in Jerusalem in 2014. Elaborating the premise that becoming a competent practitioner requires both didactic and experiential means of learning about self psychology, she describes the path to becoming a self psychologist through reading, meetings, mentors, and personal therapy. Her experiences of transformative moments in each of these arenas are described and the reader is encouraged to reflect on analogous experiences in his or her own professional development. The author emphasizes the importance of cross-fertilization across generations by encouraging younger clinicians to reach out to more senior people and more experienced clinicians to actively help nurture and develop the next generation of self psychologists. Vehicles for doing so are described.
Graphene multilayers as gates for multi-week sequential release of proteins from surfaces.

The ability to control the timing and order of release of different therapeutic drugs will play a pivotal role in improving patient care and simplifying treatment regimes in the clinic. The controlled sequential release of a broad range of small and macromolecules from thin film coatings offers a simple way to provide complex localized dosing in vivo. Here we show that it is possible to take advantage of the structure of certain nanomaterials to control release regimes from a scale of hours to months. Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional charged nanomaterial that can be used to create barrier layers in multilayer thin films, trapping molecules of interest for controlled release. Protein-loaded polyelectrolyte multilayer films were fabricated using layer-by-layer assembly incorporating a hydrolytically degradable cationic poly(β-amino ester) (Poly1) with a model protein antigen, ovalbumin (ova), in a bilayer architecture along with positively and negatively functionalized GO capping layers for the degr...
Isolation of Bacterial H-Antigens

The cells of certain bacterial species are motile; they are able to penetrate semisolid agar layers. This motility of cells frequently occurs in Gram-negative species and is due to the existence of flagella on the bacterial cells. These hair-like flagella are highly antigenic and, since the thorough studies of Craigie (1931), it is generally accepted that H-antigenic properties of certain bacteria are associated with the flagella. The nature of flagellar antigens was reviewed by Koffler and Smith (1971). Weibull (1949a, 1949b) showed that the flagella consist of fibrous proteins and can be purified by fractional sedimentation in a high-speed centrifuge and also by ammonium sulfate precipitation. In the method described here, motile bacteria will be selected according to the procedure of Craigie. The flagella will be separated from the cells and their fibrous protein content, called flagellin, will be partially purified. The method described here is a modification of the descriptions of Weibull and also of Koffler and Kobayashi (1957).
A Real Microstructural Model for Cement Concrete Modeling

A real multiphase microstructure, Anm model, with irregular shape particles has been proposed. The Anm model places multiple irregular shape particles into a pre-defined empty box according to the real parking density to build up particles embedded in matrix material model in all scales from nano to macro. However, the packing accuracy and efficiency need to be improved, since the original Anm model’s algorithms has limited function and relative low parking efficiency. Furthermore, it cannot control the inter-particle distance. In this paper, we upgraded the initial algorithms by the following innovations: (1) integrated a new contact function, extending overlap box (EOB) to make the contact detection more accurately and efficiently; (2) the particle parking algorithm has been implemented to associate multiple aggregate shape database with each size bin; (3) an uniform thickness shell has been put around each parking particle, which can make the inter-particle distance customizable when we park nano-scale particles considering possible charge interactions between individual nano-particles.
The use of gonadotropins for induction of ovulation

There has been impressive progress in the treatment of anovulation with gonadotropins in the last two decades. At the present time most patients can be helped. The treatment is expensive and complicated. To obtain good results with the fewest complications, patients should be closely monitored by measuring urinary or plasma estrogen levels, and treatment should be given only in centers where the estrogen assay is readily available. Severe hyperstimulation is avoidable, but the high rate of multiple gestations remains unavoidable. Possibly with sonographic monitoring of follicular development this problem will be solved.
MESOSTOMA (PLATYHELMINTHES : RHABDOCOELA, TYPHLOPLANIDAE) OF MONA ISLAND, PUERTO RICO, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES

Mona Island, a small uninhabited Caribbean island between Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, was surveyed for freshwater platyhelminths. Rainwater pools on the island's plateau produced two species of Typhloplanidae, a species close to Mesostoma georgianum and a new species of Mesostoma, M. tubiseminalis, herein described. The new species is diagnosed by the presence of a tubular receptaculum seminis that forms a distinct bifurcation of the female tract. Pools inhabited by both species are subject to high pH, high temperatures, and rapid evaporation. While M. cf. georgianum is quite conspicuous and creeps on the surface film, the new species lives concealed within the substrate and rock crevices of the pool. Studies on the free-living ("turbellarian") platyhelminths inhabiting West Indian fresh-waters are few, probably reflecting the rather meager fauna of the region. Among triclad flatworms, five species of the dugesiid genus Girardia have been recorded from the Caribbean region (Sluys 1992); however, only two of these species appear to be endemic to the non-continental Antillean islands. The only other free-living flatworm group known to have representatives on the islands is the Rhabdocoela. The single species of this taxon known from the West Indies is Bothromesostoma pieti MARCUS 1960 (Typhloplanidae), so far known only from Curacao. Mona Island is a remote island occurring about halfway between the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, to which it politically belongs. Recent surveys have revealed the presence of two neorhabdocoel species in the family Typhloplanidae, living in rain-water filled pools on the island's interior plateau. Examination of a large series of specimens from each species has shown that they belong to the genus Mesostoma. One closely resembles a described species from the North American mainland. A comparison is made with type material of the mainland species and an expanded description is provided. The other species is new and a description is presented.
Clear cell carcinoma in a Müllerian duct cyst.

A 33-year-old man presented with a pelvic mass which proved to be a Mullerian duct cyst. The cyst contained a clear cell carcinoma identical to those described in Mullerian remnants in the female.
Imaging Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions with Combined Optical Imaging and Tomosynthesis

We have imaged over 170 patients over the past 3 years with a combined optical and tomosynthesis imaging system. The region-of-interest analysis of 23 malignant lesions, 15 benign solid lesions and 8 cysts is reported.
Review: tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, and capsaicin cream are effective treatments for diabetic neuropathy.

Source Citation Wong MC, Chung JW, Wong TK. Effects of treatments for symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;335:87. 17562735
Advancing innovation through the regulatory thicket. The role of public relations in the cement industry

The US cement industry has had mixed success securing political and regulatory support for several of its most innovative programs. This has been particularly true where waste-derived fuel has been involved. Most would agree that improved public relations will help advance the industry's prospects for success. This paper reviews the changes in social values which have eroded the industry's position and describes the fundamental elements of a national public relations program to support waste recovery practices. Included is a description of a new concept circulating within the environmental community which could provide the conceptual foundation for a public relations initiative. >
Hepatic Response after High-Dose Melphalan and Stem Cell Transplantation for AL Amyloidosis Associated Liver Disease.

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a plasma cell dyscrasia with extracellular protein deposition in various organ systems, including the liver. The natural history of AL amyloidosis with liver involvement has a poor prognosis, with median survival of only 8.5 to 9 months. High-dose melphalan chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) has been shown to result in durable hematologic response and prolonged overall survival in systemic AL amyloidosis. Patients were included who had hepatic involvement and received HDM/SCT from 1998 to 2006. Data was collected with the approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients receiving HDM/SCT had to meet eligibility criteria to qualify for this aggressive treatment. Stem cells were mobilized using G-CSF alone. Intravenous melphalan was administered at 100–200 mg/m2 over 2 days in divided doses and stem cells were re-infused 24–72 hours after HDM. Liver response was determined by criteria set up by the Consensus Opinion from the 10th International Symposium on Amyloid and Amyloidosis. Sixty-nine patients qualified for this study, including 47 males and 22 females. The median age was 56 years (range, 37–75), median bilirubin was 0.5 mg/dL (range, 0.1 to 5.7), median alkaline phosphatase was 193 U/L (range, 59 to 1243) and the median liver size was 3 cm (range, 0–20cm) below the costal margin. Nine patients (13%) died from treatment-related mortality. The hematologic CR one year after treatment was achieved by 53% (31/58) of evaluable patients. The overall survival was 84% at 1 year and 49% at 5 years, by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Hepatic response occurred in 21% (10/47) at 1 year after HDM/SCT and 40% (12/30) at 2 years after HDM/SCT. In summary, hepatic involvement with AL amyloidosis does not increase treatment-related mortality from HDM/SCT. Hepatic response follows a hematological response and can occur as far as 2 years from HDM/SCT. Forty % of surviving evaluable patients showed remission of their hepatic disease from AL amyloidosis by 2 years.
Load profile analysis and short-term building load forecast for a university campus

Nowadays, advanced metering infrastructure allows us to record building energy consumption at much higher resolutions. This paper presents the methods for building load profile analysis and forecast using the 15-minute data collected at a substation feeder at the Centennial Campus of North Carolina State University from May 2012 to April 2014. Building load signatures for benchmarking building load consumptions are first analyzed and extracted from load related environmental factors such as time of the day, temperature and humidity, etc. Then, methods to forecast hours-ahead building energy consumptions are developed. Comparisons are made to derive the benefit of having high resolution environmental data sets.
The impact of oil price changes on major US tight oil plays

ABSTRACTUS oil production for the last decade has been revolutionized by tight oil development activities around the country. The main oil plays contributing approximately 50% of the US total daily production are the Permian, Bakken, Eagle Ford, and Niobrara plays. Among the factors sustaining this tight oil revolution are advanced well positioning technology undergirded by high crude oil prices. Since the fourth quarter of 2014, oil prices have dropped from highs of $105/bbl observed in 2013 to lows of $28/bbl, leading to seismic shifts in activities across the oil plays. However, these impacts have not been uniform across all plays. This paper examines the varied impact of crude oil price fluctuations on the nation’s top tight oil plays. Using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, this study investigates the effects of oil prices and rig counts on oil production in these plays. The results show that oil price fluctuations affect all tight oil plays differently. Plays like the Permian show m...
Fiber Based Polishing Tools for Optical Applications

This article outlines the potential of fiber based tools in precision polishing applications. Material removal mechanisms, predictive FE models, and their potential to reduce preexisting mid spatial frequency errors are all introduced.
Mechanical signals activate p38 MAPK pathway-dependent reinforcement of actin via mechanosensitive HspB1

Despite the importance of a cell's ability to sense and respond to mechanical force, the molecular mechanisms by which physical cues are converted to cell-instructive chemical information to influence cell behaviors remain to be elucidated. Exposure of cultured fibroblasts to uniaxial cyclic stretch results in an actin stress fiber reinforcement response that stabilizes the actin cytoskeleton. p38 MAPK signaling is activated in response to stretch, and inhibition of p38 MAPK abrogates stretch-induced cytoskeletal reorganization. Here we show that the small heat shock protein HspB1 (hsp25/27) is phosphorylated in stretch-stimulated mouse fibroblasts via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. Phosphorylated HspB1 is recruited to the actin cytoskeleton, displaying prominent accumulation on actin "comet tails" that emanate from focal adhesions in stretch-stimulated cells. Site-directed mutagenesis to block HspB1 phosphorylation inhibits the protein's cytoskeletal recruitment in response to mechanical stimulation. HspB1-null cells, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease genome editing, display an abrogated stretch-stimulated actin reinforcement response and increased cell migration. HspB1 is recruited to sites of increased traction force in cells geometrically constrained on micropatterned substrates. Our findings elucidate a molecular pathway by which a mechanical signal is transduced via activation of p38 MAPK to influence actin remodeling and cell migration via a zyxin-independent process.
Electrospray Ionization with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Lignomics: Lignin Mass Spectrum Deconvolution

The capability to characterize lignin, lignocellulose, and their degradation products is essential for the development of new renewable feedstocks. Electrospray ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-HR TOF-MS) method was developed expanding the lignomics toolkit while targeting the simultaneous detection of low and high molecular weight (MW) lignin species. The effect of a broad range of electrolytes and various ionization conditions on ion formation and ionization effectiveness was studied using a suite of mono-, di-, and triarene lignin model compounds as well as kraft alkali lignin. Contrary to the previous studies, the positive ionization mode was found to be more effective for methoxy-substituted arenes and polyphenols, i.e., species of a broadly varied MW structurally similar to the native lignin. For the first time, we report an effective formation of multiply charged species of lignin with the subsequent mass spectrum deconvolution in the presence of 100 mmol L-1 formic acid in the positive ESI mode. The developed method enabled the detection of lignin species with an MW between 150 and 9000 Da or higher, depending on the mass analyzer. The obtained M n and Mw values of 1500 and 2500 Da, respectively, were in good agreement with those determined by gel permeation chromatography. Furthermore, the deconvoluted ESI mass spectrum was similar to that obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-HR TOF-MS, yet featuring a higher signal-to-noise ratio. The formation of multiply charged species was confirmed with ion mobility ESI-HR Q-TOF-MS. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
SUBCORTICAL APHASIAS-QUESTIONING VALIDITY OF APHASIA AS A CORTICAL INFARCT SIGN (P1.287)

Objective: We present 2 distinct cases of subcortical aphasias. Background: While aphasia is popularly considered a cortical sign, dating back to 1906 Pierre Marie described subcortical aphasia with the involvement of Marie’s quadrilateral space (bordering the external capsule, claustrum, parts of insula and putamen) presenting as predominantly anarthria. Other subcortical aphasias include thalamic aphasia and striato-capsular aphasia. Design/Methods: Patient 1: 64 year old female with risk factors including prior radiation and diabetes type 2 presented with anarthria/mutism. MR imaging revealed a subcortical lesion suggestive of ischemic stroke involving the quadrangular space of Pierre Marie. Anarthria improved in the course of one week but the patient remained with residual expressive aphasia, akin to Broca’s cortical aphasia with 2–3 word sentences. Comprehension was preserved but repetition was impaired. Patient 2: 78-year-old male presented with fluent aphasia with paraphasic errors; imaging showed an isolated infarct in the left thalamus. During the inpatient stay, paraphasic errors gradually improved but he had severe difficulty with comprehension, naming and repetition. Results: The subcortical stroke involving white matter tracts in the quadrangular space of Pierre Marie affects the superior tip of the prefrontal gyrus of the insula which is involved in verbal output. The resulting anarthria has also been described as ‘apraxia of speech.’ Striato-capsular aphasia presents similarly with lack of speech fluency, occurrence of literary paraphasias, preserved comprehension and naming. Thalamic aphasia, however, is characterized by fluent output, impaired comprehension and naming with predominant verbal paraphasias. While lesions in the paramedian thalamus can mimic aphasias because of deficits in attention, true thalamic aphasias are related to lesions in the antero-lateral nuclei. Subcortical aphasias tend to be transient. Conclusions: Given that a small subcortical infarction can present as pure aphasia, the belief that aphasia is always a sign of a cortical infarct is unfounded and should be revisited. Disclosure: Dr. Kaur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Culebras received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Medlink and UpToDate.
Saccades Trigger Predictive Updating of Attentional Topography in Area V4

During natural behavior, saccades and attention act together to allocate limited neural resources. Attention is generally mediated by retinotopic visual neurons; therefore, specific neurons representing attended features change with each saccade. We investigated the neural mechanisms that allow attentional targeting in the face of saccades. Specifically, we looked for predictive changes in attentional modulation state or receptive field position that could stabilize attentional representations across saccades in area V4, known to be necessary for attention-dependent behavior. We recorded from neurons in monkeys performing a novel spatiotopic attention task, in which performance depended on accurate saccade compensation. Measurements of attentional modulation revealed a predictive attentional "hand-off" corresponding to a presaccadic transfer of attentional state from neurons inside the attentional focus before the saccade to those that will be inside the focus after the saccade. The predictive nature of the hand-off ensures that attentional brain maps are properly configured immediately after each saccade.
85.12 FOCMEC: FOCal MEChanism determinations

This chapter focuses on focal mechanism determinations (FOCMEC). Focmec, performs an efficient, systematic search of the focal sphere and reports acceptable solutions based on selection criteria for the number of polarity errors and errors in amplitude ratios. The search of the focal sphere is uniform in angle, with selectable step size and bounds. The selection criteria for both polarities and amplitudes allow correction or weightings for near-nodal solutions. Applications have been made to finding best-constrained fault-plane solutions for suites of earthquakes recorded at local to regional distances, analyzing large earthquakes observed at teleseismic distances, and using recorded polarities and relative amplitudes to produce waveform synthetics. Input data can include up to a total of 500 polarities and amplitude ratios—the maximum number of input data is a compile-time option. The program Focmec produces two output files: a complete summary of information about all acceptable solutions, and a shorter summary file with one line for each acceptable solution that can be used as an input to other programs for display or further analysis. Instructions are included for compiling and running the programs, and there are two data sets with scripts and documentation for running the programs.
Sex-Related Immunocompetence of BALB/C Mice: II. Study of Immunologic Responsiveness of Young, Adult and Aged Mice

Abstract The immune responsiveness of male and female BALB/CJ mice from 2 months to 2 years of age was determined by spleen cell responses to mitogens and mixed lymphocyte reactivity. T cell responses of 3 month to 1 year old female mice were greater than those of the males at the same ages. The female B cell response remained higher than males throughout the entire period tested (2 years) but T cell reactivity of males was consistently superior after 14 months of age. A substrain BALB/ CAnNCrlBr did not demonstrate significant sex differential in immune responses and the T cell reactivity of these mice at 1 to 2 years of age was between 25 and 50% higher than that of the BALB/CJ mice. Prostaglandin E levels of spleen cell cultures from both substrains were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels of the BALB/CAnNCrlBr were approximately 50% lower than the amount measured for BALB/CJ mice. These levels increased with age in both substrains. Comparing many factors, it is hypothesized that prostaglandin E, an immunosuppressive agent, may be a principal cause of the substrain, the sex and the age differential.
Tumor Subregion Evolution-Based Imaging Features to Assess Early Response and Predict Prognosis in Oropharyngeal Cancer

The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been rapidly increasing. Disease stage and smoking history are often used in current clinical trials to select patients for deintensification therapy, but these features lack sufficient accuracy for predicting disease relapse. Our purpose was to develop an imaging signature to assess early response and predict outcomes of OPSCC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 162 OPSCC patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, equally divided into separate training and validation cohorts with similar clinical characteristics. A robust consensus clustering approach was used to spatially partition the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes into subregions (i.e., habitats) based on 18F-FDG PET and contrast CT imaging. We proposed quantitative image features to characterize the temporal volumetric change of the habitats and peritumoral/nodal tissue between baseline and midtreatment. The reproducibility of these features was evaluated. We developed an imaging signature to predict progression-free survival (PFS) by fitting an L1-regularized Cox regression model. Results: We identified 3 phenotypically distinct intratumoral habitats: metabolically active and heterogeneous, enhancing and heterogeneous, and metabolically inactive and homogeneous. The final Cox model consisted of 4 habitat evolution-based features. In both cohorts, this imaging signature significantly outperformed traditional imaging metrics, including midtreatment metabolic tumor volume for predicting PFS, with a C-index of 0.72 versus 0.67 (training) and 0.66 versus 0.56 (validation). The imaging signature stratified patients into high-risk versus low-risk groups with 2-y PFS rates of 59.1% versus 89.4% (hazard ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-13.4 [training]) and 61.4% versus 87.8% (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-12.1 [validation]). The imaging signature remained an independent predictor of PFS in multivariable analysis adjusting for stage, human papillomavirus status, and smoking history. Conclusion: The proposed imaging signature allows more accurate prediction of disease progression and, if prospectively validated, may refine OPSCC patient selection for risk-adaptive therapy.
Polycrystal plasticity modeling for load reversals in commercially pure titanium

Abstract In this work, we use polycrystal modeling to study the interactions between slip and twinning during load reversals of commercially pure titanium. The constitutive response incorporates anisotropic elasticity, crystal plasticity, a dislocation density based hardening law for prismatic slip, basal slip, and pyramidal type I 〈c + a〉 slip, and micromechanical model for twin reorientation on two types: { 101 2 ¯ } extension twinning and { 11 2 ¯ 2 } contraction twinning. The key feature of the model is the inclusion of slip-system level backstress development due to dislocation density accumulation. To demonstrate, the model is used to simulate the stress-strain response and texture evolution in a series of compression-tension and tension-compression tests carried out to different strain levels and applied in two different load directions to a strongly textured CP-Ti plate. Material parameters associated with the slip strengths for the three slip modes are reported. The model identifies the few systems within the pyramidal 〈c + a〉 slip mode as developing the most backstress among the three slip modes. It also indicates that the backstresses that develop in the forward loading path promote pyramidal slip in the reversal loading path. We also find that reverse loading changes negligibly the relative slip mode contributions from monotonic loading but it strongly affects the twinning-detwinning behavior. This work highlights the ability of polycrystal modeling to account for the co-dependent nature of multiple crystallographic slip and twinning modes, the hysteresis in plastic response during the forward-reversal cycle, and the two sources of hardening engendered by history-dependent dislocation density accumulation.
Improving pregnancy screening prior to chemo: An institutional approach.

252Background: Screening appropriate female patients of childbearing potential for pregnancy prior to cancer therapy is crucial, but who and when to screen is unclear. Prior institutional data reve...
Commercial Products

This special issue is a result of the enthusiastic response to the initiation of a new industry paper track at the 2020 International Symposium on Computer Architecture, as we could not accept all the great submissions to that track.1 We are excited to share our interest in commercial products with many industry colleagues who answered our call for papers.
Emotion-Infused Models for Explainable Psychological Stress Detection

The problem of detecting psychological stress in online posts, and more broadly, of detecting people in distress or in need of help, is a sensitive application for which the ability to interpret models is vital. Here, we present work exploring the use of a semantically related task, emotion detection, for equally competent but more explainable and human-like psychological stress detection as compared to a black-box model. In particular, we explore the use of multi-task learning as well as emotion-based language model fine-tuning. With our emotion-infused models, we see comparable results to state-of-the-art BERT. Our analysis of the words used for prediction show that our emotion-infused models mirror psychological components of stress.
Syntheses, structures and cytotoxicity of cobalt(II) complexes with 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine

Abstract Three cobalt(II) complexes based on 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (4′-Cltpy) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The reaction with a 1:1 metal-to-ligand ratio in a mixed CH2Cl2–MeOH solvent afforded the mononuclear complex Co(4′-Cltpy)Cl2 (1) that mimicks the previously reported Cu(4′-Cltpy)Cl2, while altering the metal-to-ligand ratio to 2:1 under the same reaction conditions resulted in the formation of a different complex with a component of [Co(4′-Cltpy)Cl2][Co2(4′-Cltpy)2Cl4] (2), based on single crystal X-ray structural analysis. The presence of both a mononuclear molecule Co(4′-Cltpy)Cl2 and dinuclear Cl-bridging Co2(4′-Cltpy)2Cl4 in 2 was revealed. The replacement of CoCl2 with Co(SCN)2 under the same reaction conditions as for 1 gave a similar mononuclear Co(4′-Cltpy)(SCN)2 (3). The cobalt(II) complexes along with the known copper analogue 4 were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity towards two human cancer cell lines, the human breast cancer (MCF-7) and leukemia (K562) cells, and distinct cytotoxicity was observed.
Viral metagenome analysis to guide human pathogen monitoring in environmental samples

Aims: The aim of this study was to develop and demonstrate an approach for describing the diversity of human pathogenic viruses in an environmentally isolated viral metagenome. Methods and Results: In silico bioinformatic experiments were used to select an optimum annotation strategy for discovering human viruses in virome data sets and applied to annotate a class B biosolid virome. Results from the in silico study indicated that 200 nt were considered. Within the 51 925 annotated sequences, 94 DNA and 19 RNA sequences were identified as human viruses. Virus diversity included environmentally transmitted agents such as parechovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus and aichi virus, as well as viruses associated with chronic human infections such as human herpes and hepatitis C viruses. Conclusions: This study provided a bioinformatic approach for identifying pathogens in a virome data set and demonstrated the human virus diversity in a relevant environmental sample. Significance and Impact of the Study: As the costs of next-generation sequencing decrease, the pathogen diversity described by virus metagenomes will provide an unbiased guide for subsequent cell culture and quantitative pathogen analyses and ensures that highly enriched and relevant pathogens are not neglected in exposure and risk assessments.
Colliding Clouds May Hone Physical Constants

PHYSICSAccording to work described in Nature this week, a new spin on the atomic clock could yield some of the most precise measurements to date of fundamental physical constants--potentially providing crucial experimental tests of a number of "theories of everything." ([Read more][1].) [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/316/5823/354a
Advanced Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Ambient Outdoor, Indoor, and Personal Respiratory Air

Many different kinds of sampling devices and analytical techniques are required to assess the potential adverse effects of toxic air pollutants on human health and the ecosystem. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has an on-going research and development program designed to provide the necessary tools to monitor air quality both outdoors and indoors and to measure personal respiratory exposures. Particular emphasis in recent years has been placed on real-time and integrative methods for neutral and polar volatile organic chemicals (e.g., chlorinated hydrocarbons, single-ring aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, thiols, nitriles) and semi-volatile organics (e.g., polynuclear aromatics, nitrated aromatics, pesticides, phenols). Samplers capable of obtaining sufficient quantities of chemicals for ultratrace analyses and sometimes bioassay, that are also quiet, unobtrusive and user-friendly, are being developed and evaluated for indoor, outdoor, and personal monitoring. New analytical techniques such as matrix-isolation GC/FTIR, and supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography are being adapted to characterize collected samples.
Taming the claims monster: some methods of measuring and improving the efficiency of claiming through a vendor

Les procedures de reclamation aupres des agents d'abonnement et les conditions de leur efficacite a travers les experiences, presentees lors de cet atelier de travail, par deux bibliotheque universitaires de taille moyenne
NOS gene transfer inhibits expression of cell cycle regulatory molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells

The mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated inhibition of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell proliferation are still obscure. Cyclins A and E in association with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) se...
Double-Blind Randomized Trial of Risperidone versus Divalproex in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

Objective To determine the relative effects of risperidone and divalproex in pediatric mania.
Systems model for learning

Develops a model of learning that differs greatly from traditional or intuitive models. This hard system is specifically designed for the context of problem-solving/higher-order thinking, rather than automatic learning. Research in educational psychology and cognitive science provides the basis for the model. Learning is the integration of new knowledge/behaviors into a framework, and subsequently recalling what is relevant in the appropriate situation. To understand learning, we must consider how new information is received and the stages through which new information is processed as it progresses from immediate sensory experience to long-term storage. It is also important to understand how novices and experts organize, analyze or encode, and then retrieve necessary information. In this particular case, engineering students are the novices and engineering educators are the experts. Teaching consists of organizing, planning, delivering and evaluating the content of the subject area. Teaching problem-solving in science requires a deep understanding of the subject matter, as well as an appreciation of the characteristics of the students, of presentation skills, and of evaluation techniques. This study presents a soft systems model for the craft of teaching, and develops a hard systems model for the science of learning.
Canonical sets of Horn clauses

Rewrite rules are oriented equations used to replace equals-by-equals in the speci ed direction. Input terms are repeatedly rewritten according to the rules. When and if no rule applies, the resultant normal form is considered the value of the initial term. If no in nite sequences of rewrites is possible, a rewrite system is said to have the termination property. Con uence of a rewrite system is a property that ensures that no term has more than one normal form. A convergent rewrite system is one with both the con uence and termination properties. Let T be a set of ( rst-order) terms, with variables taken from a set X , and G be its subset of ground (variable-free) terms. If t is a term in T , by tj we signify the subterm of t rooted at position and by t[s] (or simply t[s]) we denote t with its subterm tj replaced by a term s. We use the following notations for equational deduction: s ' t stands for the usual sense of equality in logical systems; s$e t (or just s$ t) denotes one step of replacement of equals for equals (using equation e); s !R t (or just s ! t) stands for one replacement according to the orientation of a rewrite rule (in R); s ! t, for any number (including zero) of rewrites; s $ t also stands for one rewrite step in either direction. Two terms s and t are said to be joinable if there is a term v such that s! v t, or s # t for short. For convergent R, an identity s ' t holds in the theory de ned by R (each rule viewed as an equation) if and only if the normal forms of s and t are identical. Thus, validity of equations is decidable for nite convergent R, since the joinability (#) relation is decidable. A ground convergent rewrite system is one that terminates and de nes unique normal forms for all ground terms. Ground convergent systems can be used to decide validity by skolemizing s and t and reducing to normal form. For a survey of the theory of rewriting, see [Dershowitz and Jouannaud, 1990]. A conditional equation is a universally-quanti ed (de nite) Horn clause in which the only predicate symbol is equality. We write such a clause in the form e1 ^ ^ en ) s ' t (n 0), meaning that equality s ' t holds whenever all the antecedent equations ei, hold. The term s will be called the left-hand side; t is the right-hand side; and the ei are the conditions. If n = 0, then the (positive unit) clause will be called an unconditional equation. Conditional equations are important for specifying abstract data types and expressing logic programs with equations. A conditional (rewrite) rule is an equational implication in which the equation in the consequent (s ' t) is oriented. To give operational semantics to such a system, the conditions under which a rewrite may be performed need to made precise. The most popular convention (see [Dershowitz and Okada, 1990]) for conditional rewriting is that the terms in each condition be
The effects of a simulated head-up display speedometer on perceptual task performance

This study compared the effects of simulated head-up display (HUD) and dashboard-mounted digital speedometers on key perceptual driving tasks in a simulated driving environment. Subjects were 20 male and female volunteers ranging in age from 19 to 51 years. A videotape, taken from the driver's perspective, of a car traveling along a memorized route served as the test scene. While viewing the test scene subjects performed tasks related to navigation, speed monitoring, and salient cue detection. The simulated HUD speedometer produced generally superior performance on the experimental tasks; most important, it enabled subjects to respond significantly more quickly to the salient cues. Implications for the effects of HUDs on automobile safety are discussed.
Distinct epigenetic mechanisms distinguish TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive and -negative prostate cancers

This issue of Cancer Discovery features an article that describes distinct epigenetic mechanisms that operate in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers. This finding clarifies molecular features of these TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-negative tumors and may have implications for how to treat this prostate cancer subtype.