cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DISENCHANTED RELIGION AND SECULAR ENCHANTMENT IN A CHRISTMAS CAROL

The Victorian age has long been considered a time of disenchantment. Beginning with Max Weber's seminal “Science as a Vocation,” secularization theory has argued that belief within modernity is marked by “rationalization and intellectualization and, above all, by the ‘disenchantment of the world’” (155). In this account, modernization makes the “enchanted” world fall apart, changing it from a realm of “mysterious incalculable forces” into an empty space governed by nothing more than “technical means and calculations” (139). Religion, this narrative claims, inevitably fades away. It may attempt to survive disenchantment by downplaying its supernatural roots, but this rationalized religion nevertheless gives way to secularism. And although recent scholarship has challenged the assertion that the Victorian age simply marked the decline of faith, the disenchantment narrative remains a powerful one; even critics who dispute aspects of the theory acknowledge its force. Colin Jager's The Book of God, for instance, describes Weber's narrative of disenchantment as “a powerful account of the way in which science gradually demystifies the universe” (18), and George Levine's Darwin Loves You concedes that Weber's work, whatever its flaws, survives because it was “fashioned so powerfully and convincingly” (xiv).
The Feeling Moment and the Dynamics of Expression

This chapter makes a radical shift from the level of theorizing presented in the preceding chapter. Chapter 7 was concerned with the general role model that therapists have in mind when they approach the task of therapy. Therapists’ role models reflect the general theory of practice that guides all their activities.
The Econometrics of the General Theory

The point has been made that the modern econometric extensions of the Keynesian analysis, to what I would call the development of the theory to its highest degree, have produced systems that appear to be substantially more complicated than the simple Hicks-Lange mathematical versions of the General Theory. In this chapter, I propose to analyze a numerical-statistical version of one of these models from the point of view of Keynesian economics. My purposes are to see the sense in which these systems can be called versions of the General Theory, to see the ways in which they might be used to implement the teachings of the Keynesian Revolution, and to show the universality of the new approach to economics. In a sense, the econometric analysis that has gone into the construction of models like that presented here has produced a test of the theory because the models are based on a fit to actual data and are tested by application (forecasting, simulation, multiplier calculation, and so forth) to realistic situations. Speaking very generally, I would say that the General Theory meets econometric test criteria admirably and emerges as a validated theory in many parts of the world.
THE DECAY Σ ± → Λ e ± ν

We have observed 46 examples of the decay ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\nu}$ and six of the decay ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}{e}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}$. The branching ratios are, respectively, (0.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and (0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. A study of the internal variables distribution yields $\frac{{G}_{V}}{{G}_{A}}=\ensuremath{-}0.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$ for the combined sample of ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Lambda}{e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\nu}$.
Modeling Climate Change Effects on Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

This paper models climate change effects differentiating across primary commodities based on their exhaustibility factor. There is a direct pass-through to futures prices, but the impact differs across diverse commodity groups. This paper develops a theoretical model simulating dynamic consumption paths of renewable and non-renewable resources. Dynamic paths are calculated applying the Non-linear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) methodology. Current analysis draws a clear connection between intensifying impacts of climate change, commodity futures price volatility, rising urban-dependency pressures and the renewable and non-renewable resources production and consumption balance among advanced and emerging economies. Accumulated evidence suggests probable higher volatility in commodity prices in the near term, directly affecting small and large economies across all regions.
Ultralow energy electric field control of magnetism: can we get to 1 AttoJoule/bit?(Conference Presentation)

Complex perovskite oxides exhibit a rich spectrum of functional responses, including magnetism, ferroelectricity, highly correlated electron behavior, superconductivity, etc. The basic materials physics of such materials provide the ideal playground for interdisciplinary scientific exploration. Among the large number of materials systems, there exists a small set of materials which exhibit multiple order parameters; these are known as multiferroics. Our work so far has clearly demonstrated the possibility of reversible, electric field switching and control of the state and direction of magnetization. I will present our results to date.
The fifth leaf and spike organs of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) display different physiological and metabolic responses to drought stress

Photosynthetic organs of the cereal spike (ear) provide assimilate for grain filling, but their response to drought is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the drought response of individual organs of the barley spike (awn, lemma, and palea) and compared them with a vegetative organ (fifth leaf). Understanding differences in physiological and metabolic responses between the leaf and spike organs during drought can help us develop high yielding cultivars for environments where terminal drought is prevalent. We exposed barley plants to drought by withholding water for 4 days at the grain filling stage and compared changes in: (1) relative water content (RWC), (2) osmotic potential (Ψs), (3) osmotic adjustment (OA), (4) gas exchange, and (5) metabolite content between organs. Drought reduced RWC and Ψs in all four organs, but the decrease in RWC was greater and there was a smaller change in Ψs in the fifth leaf than the spike organs. We detected evidence of OA in the awn, lemma, and palea, but not in the fifth leaf. Rates of gas exchange declined more rapidly in the fifth leaf than awn during drought. We identified 18 metabolites but, only ten metabolites accumulated significantly during drought in one or more organs. Among these, proline accumulated in all organs during drought while accumulation of the other metabolites varied between organs. This may suggest that each organ in the same plant uses a different set of osmolytes for drought resistance. Our results suggest that photosynthetic organs of the barley spike maintain higher water content, greater osmotic adjustment, and higher rates of gas exchange than the leaf during drought.
A Church, University, and Extension: A Partnership for Creating Healthy Youth and Healthy Living

Within many urban communities, there has been a steady decline in healthy living practices among minority families. This decline is often due to the lack of health services and health knowledge of youth and adults (Shirley, Roark, & Lewis, 2012). In order to better reach these particular audiences it has been suggested by scholars and practitioners to focus on community based programming. Partnerships formed through entities such as universities and community organizations have been shown to be quite successful in creating healthier families. This paper discusses one such program focused on increasing health knowledge of urban families. Activities offered included health screenings and healthy living programming for youth. Program results showed that nearly 95% of youth found the activities informative and gave them ways to think about their health and the health of their families.
scRNASeqDB: a database for gene expression profiling in human single cell by RNA-seq

Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is quickly becoming a powerful tool for high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of cell states and dynamics. Both the number and quality of scRNA-Seq datasets have dramatically increased recently. So far, there is no database that comprehensively collects and curates scRNA-Seq data in humans. Here, we present scRNASeqDB, a database that includes almost all the currently available human single cell transcriptome datasets (n= 36) covering 71 human cell lines or types and 8910 samples. Our online web interface allows user to query and visualize expression profiles of the gene(s) of interest, search for genes that are ex-pressed in different cell types or groups, or retrieve differentially expressed genes between cell types or groups. The scRNASeqDB is a valuable resource for single cell transcriptional studies. Availability: The database is available at https://bioinfo.uth.edu/scrnaseqdb/
A new species of Tucetona (Bivalvia: Glycymerididae) from Mexico

While reviewing the Glycymerididae of the Panamic Province we encountered an unusual species of Tucetona Iredale, 1931, in the Gulf of California, Mexico. After examining type and related specimens at museums in the USA and UK, we have determined the species is new to science. It is herein named Tucetona isabellae . In our description we use morphological characteristics outlined in Tschudin (2001) and Squires (2010).
MR Imaging of the Pelvic Floor

Pelvic floor dysfunction is a term used to describe a broad set of conditions including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary or fecal incontinence, defecatory dysfunction, and chronic pelvic pain that frequently affects multiple compartments of the pelvic floor. Imaging is important, because physical examination may not be adequate as the only means of evaluating pelvic floor disorders. This article reviews pertinent pelvic floor anatomy as well as the technique for performing, interpreting, and reporting abnormalities seen on MR defecography examinations in the anterior, middle, and posterior compartments.
Synthetic cannabinoid induced acute respiratory depression: Case series and literature review

Abstract Synthetic Cannabinoids are a street drug that is widely attainable and cheap compared to natural cannabis, and has variable potency and unpredictable effects with no commercially available diagnostic test to confirm its presence. Similar to natural cannabis, Synthetic Cannabinoid intoxication can present in several ways with the most common emergency room presentations to be of neurologic and psychiatric manifestation. The respiratory depressive effect of Synthetic Cannabinoids has not been well documented in medical literature. We report four patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit with acute respiratory failure necessitating endotracheal intubation after use of Synthetic Cannabinoid. All patients had a reversal of respiratory failure in less than 24 h, three patients had a complicated course due to aspiration pneumonia. All four patients exhibited aggressive behavior, with two of them diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder. The effect of Synthetic Cannabinoids in peripheral receptors such as chemoreceptors and baroreceptors can increase bronchial airway resistance. It is postulated that CB1 receptor stimulation could be one of the possible mechanisms of synthetic cannabinoid-induced respiratory depression. Chemical gases released after its inhalation may also cause damage to the bronchiolar epithelium and has the potential to disrupt the protective surfactant layer in the alveoli, which then could interfere with effective gas exchange leading to hypoxia and acidosis. The stimulation of CB1 receptors have a series of downstream signaling effects in the G protein-coupled pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, causing suppression of both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. The aforementioned molecular changes in the central nervous system after CB1 receptor stimulation could impact respiration. The use of Synthetic Cannabinoids can cause respiratory depression in individuals without an underlying pulmonary disease and adds to the growing number of literature about the presentation and debilitating adverse events from its consumption. Although there is no specific toxidrome associated with it, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion with its use especially in patients presenting with a history of drug overdose.
Immunology of Mycoplasma Infection

“Mycoplasma(s)” is the trivial name for organisms in class Mollicutes, which contains two families and five genera (Freundt, 1974a; Edward, 1974). These organisms are distinguished from bacteria by the absence of cell wall and small size, with a genome mass of 4-8 x 108 dations (Bak et al., 1969). Although they resemble large viruses in size and filterability, unlike viruses they are able to grow on cell-free media. The lack of a cell wall also accounts for the resistance to penicillins which characterizes all mycoplasmas. This class of microorganisms is thus unique in that it includes the smallest free-living forms to be found in nature.
Connecting Colleges/Universities and Local High Schools: A New Model for High School CS Teacher Development

In this paper, we describe our experiences with a new model for in-service computer science (CS) professional development that embeds college/university faculty into local high school classrooms partnered with a high school teacher. The high schools we have worked with had not previously offered any rigorous CS courses, and the teachers had little or no CS background. Our goal is to provide the development necessary for the high school teachers to be able to independently teach an engaging and rigorous college level CS course. We have leveraged the local nature of our program to ensure an on-going partnership between the high schools and the college/university lasting beyond the structured professional development program. Here we describe our program, the teachers and schools we have worked with, our community building efforts, and our next steps. We also present outcomes and data from our initial evaluations.
Toward Generic Practice: The Interactional Approach

Interaction practice theory can integrate knowledge of human behavior and the social environment with values and skills for generic practice. The existential, humanistic, and phenomenological roots...
College for All: Chicana/o and Latina/o Empowerment Agents Working to Increase Latina/o Students’ College-Going Opportunities

This one-year qualitative study examined the ways in which five Chicana/o and Latina/o teachers committed to social justice perceived their roles in their college-going work with Latina/o students, as well as the challenges threatening their efforts with students. Building on Stanton-Salazar’s (2011) concept of empowerment social capital , the findings showed that these teachers perceived college access as an equity issue, challenging dominant narratives of tracking and deficit-thinking in their college-going practices. Despite their ongoing and persistent commitments, the findings also revealed various challenges to these teachers’ work with students, such as the lack of schooling funding and college-going resources and a struggle to maintain a work-life balance. The results of this study have implications for school leadership and the reconceptualization of the teacher role in Latina/o students’ college-going processes.
"Twisting fingers": The case for interactivity in typed language production.

Despite the obvious linguistic nature of typing, current psychological models of typing are, to a large extent, divorced from models of spoken language production. This gap has left unanswered many questions regarding the cognitive architecture of typing. In this article we advocate the use of a psycholinguistic framework for studying typing, by showing that such a framework could reveal important similarities and differences between spoken and typed production. Specifically, we investigated the interaction between the lexical and postlexical layers by using a phenomenon known in spoken production as the “repeated-phoneme effect.” Participants typed four-word sequences of “finger-twisters” (equivalent to tongue-twisters in spoken production), in which the vowel in the last two words was either repeated (e.g., “fog top”) or not (e.g., “fog tip”). We found reliably more migration errors between the consonants of the two typed words when the vowel was repeated, even after the effect of phonology was accounted for. This finding is compatible with an interactive typing system in which postlexical representations send feedback to lexical representations and reveals similar dynamics between spoken and typed production. Additional analyses showed further similarities to spoken production, such as distinct lexical and postlexical error categories, but also revealed that typing errors were much more likely than spoken errors to violate phonotactic constraints. These results provide the first demonstration of feedback between the postlexical and lexical layers in typing, and more generally demonstrate the utility of adopting a psycholinguistic framework tailored specifically to the study of typing.
Leveraging Educational Technology to Improve the Quality of Civil Discourse

The ability to critically assess the information we consume is vital to productive civil discourse. However, recent research indicates that Americans are generally not adept at, for instance, identifying if a news story is real or fake. We propose a three-part research agenda aimed at providing accessible, evidence-based technological support for critical thinking in civic life. In the first stage, we built an online tutoring system for teaching logical fallacy identification. In stage two, we will leverage this system to train crowd workers to identify potentially fallacious arguments. Finally, in stage three, we will utilize these labeled examples to train a computational model of logical fallacies. We discuss how our current research into instructional factors and Belief Bias has impacted the course of this agenda, and how these three stages help to realize our ultimate goal of fostering critical thinking in civil discourse.
Dynamic model of a municipal wastewater stabilization pond in the arctic.

Abstract Waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) are the method of choice for sewage treatment in most arctic communities because they can operate in extreme climate conditions, require a relatively modest investment, are passive and therefore easy and inexpensive to operate and maintain. However, most arctic WSPs are currently limited in their ability to remove carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammonia-nitrogen. An arctic WSP differs from a ‘southern’ WSP in the way it is operated and in the conditions under which it operates. Consequently, existing WSP models cannot be used to gain better understanding of the arctic lagoon performance. This work describes an Arctic-specific WSP model. It accounts for both aerobic and anaerobic degradation pathways of organic materials and considers the periodic nature of WSP operation as well as the partial or complete freeze of the water in the WSP during winter. A uniform, multi-layer (ice, aerobic, anaerobic and sludge) approach was taken in the model development, which simplified and expedited numerical solution of the model, enabling efficient model calibration to available field data.
Densification of thermodynamically unstable tin monoxide using cold sintering process

Abstract SnO is a thermodynamically unstable phase and undergoes thermal decomposition into SnO2 and Sn at a relatively low temperature when heating under ambient conditions. With the cold sintering process (CSP), SnO can be densified up to 89% of theoretical density within 100 min by applying uniaxial pressure of 350 MPa and transient liquid phase. 15-fold BET specific surface area reduction is observed between the ball-milled powder and the cold-sintered pellet, indicating experimental evidence of sintering. The temperature profiles of 70–265 °C show densification while maintaining the phase purity. Water and 2 M acetic acid solution are studied as transient liquid phases which promotes dissolution-precipitation on the particle surface and induces crystalline texture. Electrical properties of the cold sintered bulk, notably electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, are measured as a function of temperature.
Phase I/II trial of crolibulin and cisplatin in solid tumors with a focus on anaplastic thyroid cancer: Phase I results.

6074 Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive of all solid tumors, with a median survival of 3-5 months. Chemotherapy has not impacted local control or survival. Cr...
Tsallis holographic dark energy in Bianchi type-III spacetime with scalar fields

In this paper, we study one of the new dark energy models named Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) model considering the Bianchi type-III spacetime model. Considering deceleration parameter, tr...
Weight gain is associated with changes in neural response to palatable food tastes varying in sugar and fat and palatable food images: a repeated-measures fMRI study.

BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest that weight gain is associated with changes in neural response to palatable food tastes and palatable food cues, which may serve to maintain overeating. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether weight gain is associated with neural changes in response to tastes of milkshakes varying in fat and sugar content and palatable food images. METHODS We compared changes in neural activity between initially healthy-weight adolescents who gained weight (n = 36) and those showing weight stability (n = 31) over 2-3 y. RESULTS Adolescents who gained weight compared with those who remained weight stable showed decreases in activation in the postcentral gyrus, prefrontal cortex, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex, and increases in activation in the parietal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus in response to a high-fat/low-sugar compared with low-fat/low-sugar milkshake. Weight gainers also showed greater decreases in activation in the anterior insula and lateral orbitofrontal cortex in response to a high-fat/high-sugar compared with low-fat/low-sugar milkshake than those who remained weight stable. No group differences emerged in response to a low-fat/high-sugar compared with a low-fat/low-sugar milkshake. Weight gainers compared with those who remained weight stable showed greater decreases in activation in the middle temporal gyrus and increases in cuneus activation in response to appetizing compared with unappetizing food pictures. The significant interactions were partially driven by group differences in baseline responsivity and by opposite changes in neural activation in adolescents who remained weight stable. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that weight gain is associated with a decrease in responsivity of regions associated with taste and reward processing to palatable high-fat- and high-fat/high-sugar food tastes. Data also suggest that avoiding weight gain increases taste sensitivity, which may prevent future excessive weight gain.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01949636.
BIM-based Virtual Permitting Framework (VPF) for post-disaster recovery and rebuilding in the state of Florida

Abstract In the state of Florida, climate change and unpredictable weather disasters have put pressure on the state and local decision-makers to adopt swift and efficient Post-Disaster recovery plans. Part of such recovery plans includes rebuilding businesses and housing. However, projects that include the reconstructing and restoring of the damaged buildings are complicated and time-consuming. Throughout the state of Florida, the Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) currently assist with the inspections of existing structures' safety and also issue construction permits for rebuilding or repairing. Regardless of the adaption of various policies and strategies by many governmental entities, innovative methods must be developed to reduce further risks after disasters by creating resilient built environments. This paper seeks to address the issues of Post-Disaster rebuilding. The research presents the significance of adopting a new Virtual Permitting Framework (VPF) to improve the efficiency of obtaining the construction permit in Post-Disaster recovery efforts. The paper explores the current permitting process during Post-Disasters, the impact of the permitting process on the progress of recovery strategies and proposes an innovative system to enhance the rebuilding process using Building Information Modeling (BIM).
A National Survey of Car Seat Tolerance Screening Protocols in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Abstract Objective A predischarge car seat tolerance screen (CSTS) is currently recommended for all infants born prematurely in the United States to monitor for adverse cardiorespiratory events while in the semi-upright car seat. However, specific guidelines for failure criteria, timing of testing, and follow-up of failed CSTS do not exist. Our objective was to perform a national survey of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in order to identify common features and variation in CSTS protocols. Methods We surveyed Level II-IV NICUs representing all 50 states to determine whether each performed CSTS, inclusion and failure criteria, timing of CSTS prior to discharge and in relation to feeds, follow-up of initial and subsequent CSTS failures, use of car beds, and outpatient referrals after failed CSTS. Results Of the 199 NICUs surveyed, 96.5% perform a CSTS. The most common failure saturation cutoff was 70% refer only to the primary care physician for car bed follow-up. Conclusions Despite widespread implementation, significant variation exists in CSTS protocols and follow-up after NICU discharge. A stronger evidence base is needed to define appropriate testing parameters and inform more explicit guidelines.
Post-Deposition Recrystallization of Co-Evaporated CuIn x Ga (1-x) Se 2 Films by Bromide Vapor Treatments

CIGS films deposited at 400°C onto molybdenum-coated soda-lime glass substrates by co-evaporation were annealed in InBr3 vapors or CuBr with Se vapors. The treatments were conducted at 400°C, 450°C, or 500°C for one hour. The InBr3 treatments above 400°C and CuBr with Se treatments at 500°C resulted in increased grain size, improved crystallinity, and a decrease in Cu2Se phase. Annealed samples also exhibited large surface facets. CIGS films deposited at 350°C were also investigated in InBr3 and CuBr with Se vapors at 450°C for one hour. These treatments resulted in increased grain size and less deviations from the as-deposited composition.
Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde Presentes na Coleta Seletiva: uma Análise dos Riscos aos Catadores

Os Residuos de Servico de Saude por possuirem caracteristicas de inflamabilidade, corrosividade, reatividade, toxicidade, patogenicidade, carcinogenicidade, teratogenicidade e mutagenicidade representam riscos a saude publica e ou a qualidade ambiental. Os catadores muitas vezes sofrem acidentes laborais por conta dos residuos perigosos existentes junto aos reciclaveis. O objetivo deste artigo e identificar e comparar os tipos de residuos de servico de saude encontrados em duas associacoes de catadores de Caxias do Sul e discutir sobre os riscos que esses podem representar para a saude desses trabalhadores. O metodo consistiu na capacitacao dos mesmos nas proprias associacoes para identificacao e separacao dos Residuos de Servico de Saude encontrados durante uma semana de trabalho. Apos os residuos foram classificados e pesados por tipologia. Os resultados mostraram que ha uma significativa quantidade e variedade de Residuos de Servico de Saude com destaque para medicamentos, seringas com agulhas e luvas de procedimento, encontrados pelos catadores durante o trabalho. Esses oferecem riscos a saude desses trabalhadores, especialmente biologicos e fisicos. O gerenciamento adequado dos residuos nos domicilios e fundamental a seguranca desses trabalhadores, minimizando os riscos, tanto a saude, quanto ao meio ambiente. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v8iss1p1
Potently Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells Initially Emerge from Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors during Mammalian Development

Summary Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. However, their ontogenic origin has remained unclear. Here, we report that NK cell potential first arises from Hoxaneg/low Kit+CD41+CD16/32+ hematopoietic-stem-cell (HSC)-independent erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) present in the murine yolk sac. EMP-derived NK cells and primary fetal NK cells, unlike their adult counterparts, exhibit robust degranulation in response to stimulation. Parallel studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) revealed that HOXAneg/low CD34+ progenitors give rise to NK cells that, similar to murine EMP-derived NK cells, harbor a potent cytotoxic degranulation bias. In contrast, hPSC-derived HOXA+ CD34+ progenitors, as well as human cord blood CD34+ cells, give rise to NK cells that exhibit an attenuated degranulation response but robustly produce inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our studies identify an extra-embryonic origin of potently cytotoxic NK cells, suggesting that ontogenic origin is a relevant factor in designing hPSC-derived adoptive immunotherapies.
NOX4/H 2 O 2/mTORC1 Pathway in Salt-Induced Hypertension and Kidney Injury

We have reported that a high-salt (4.0% NaCl) dietary intake activates mTORC1 and inhibition of this pathway with rapamycin blunts the chronic phase of salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. In SS rats, high-salt intake is known to increase the renal production of H2O2 by NOX4, the most abundant NOX isoform in the kidney, and the global knockout of NOX4 blunts salt-sensitivity in these rats. Here, we explored the hypothesis that elevations of H2O2 by NOX4 in high-salt fed SS rat stimulate mTORC1 for the full development of salt-induced hypertension and renal injury. Our in vitro studies found that H2O2 activates mTORC1 independent of PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways. To determine the in vivo relevance of NOX4/H2O2/mTORC1 in the salt-induced hypertension, SS-Nox4 knockout (SSNox4-/-) rats were daily administrated with vehicle/rapamycin fed a high-salt diet for 21 days. Rapamycin treatment of SSNox4-/- rats had shown no augmented effect on the salt-induced hypertension nor upon indices of renal injury. Significant reductions of renal T lymphocyte and macrophage together with inhibition of cell proliferation were observed in rapamycin treated rats suggesting a role of mTORC1 independent of NOX4 in the proliferation of immune cell. Given the direct activation of mTORC1 by H2O2 and absence of any further protection from salt-induced hypertension in rapamycin-treated SSNox4-/- rats, we conclude that NOX4-H2O2 is a major upstream activator of mTORC1 that contributes importantly to salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in the SS rat model.
Changes in Family Physicians' Perceptions of Electronic Cigarettes in Tobacco Use Counseling Between 2016 and 2019.

Introduction: Given the recent reports of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and harm of e-cigarettes, the authors evaluated changes in the perception of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation tools in 2019 relative to 2016. The authors also evaluated the sources family physicians most commonly use to receive information regarding e-cigarettes. Methods: Authors conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 248 community family physicians in Kansas from October to December 2019. The authors used a 11-item questionnaire to measure the participants’ perceptions of recommending e-cigarettes to patients for tobacco cessation. The authors used a mixed method approach to collect, analyze, and interpret the data. Standard descriptive statistics, Likelihood-Ratio/Fisher’s exact tests, and immersion-crystallization approached were used to analyze the data. Results: The response rate was 59.3% (147/248). Proportion of the family physicians who did not recommend e-cigarettes for smoking cessation was significantly higher in 2019 than in 2016 (86% vs 82%; χ2 [1, n = 261] = 12.31; P < .01). Several reasons regarding respondents’ perception of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation tools were reported. The medical literature and news media were the top sources where family physicians accessed e-cigarettes information. Conclusion: Our study has suggested that the majority of family physicians in our data do not currently recommend e-cigarettes for tobacco cessation. Opinions regarding the efficacy and safety of e-cigarettes are influenced by information source. Future, larger studies would be beneficial to further determine physicians’ beliefs and practices regarding e-cigarettes as smoking cessation products.
Robotic Hepatic Resection

With advancements in healthcare technology and the push toward minimally invasive procedures, many surgical subspecialties are adopting robotic-assisted approaches to their standard practice. However, among hepatobiliary surgeons, there is some resistance to employ robotic-assisted hepatic resections as a common technique. In this chapter, the indications and contraindications to this procedure will be discussed to aid in the identification and selection of appropriate patients followed by the recommended preoperative assessment necessary for patient optimization. This chapter also details room setup and intraoperative technique for both a right and left hepatectomy as well as postoperative management. Lastly, this chapter provides consideration of both the advantages and disadvantages of undertaking the robotic approach to hepatic resection versus other intraoperative technique options. While this surgical technique is newer than other modalities, it should be considered for patients needing hepatic resection. The outcomes and treatment patterns should be continued to be studied as robotic-assisted techniques continue to develop and evolve.
Giant primary vaginal tubulovillous adenoma: A case report and review of literature.

Abstract Primary adenomas are common in the gastrointestinal tract but exceedingly rare on the periurethral surface and vagina. The pathogenesis remains unknown but vaginal adenomas are hypothesized to arise from vaginal adenosis or embryonic cloacal remnants and possess malignant potential. We present a case of a large primary vaginal tubulovillous adenoma in an eighty-one-year-old, likely diethylstilbestrol naive patient. To the best of our knowledge the patient's 7.4 x 4.5 × 1.4 cm primary vaginal tubulovillous adenoma is the largest ever reported in literature.
Geometric modeling of complex knitting stitches using a bicontinuous surface and its offsets

Abstract Helicoids have been utilized as a scaffold on which to define the topology and geometry of yarns in a weft-knitted fabric. The centerline of a yarn in the fabric is specified as a geodesic path, with constrained boundary conditions, running along a helicoid at a fixed distance. The properties and constraints of the yarn are formulated into a single “energy” function, which is then minimized to produce the desired resulting models. We present improvements to this approach that address the deficiencies of the original work and extend its capabilities to more complex stitches, such as transfer, tuck and miss. A single bicontinuous surface is described, which replaces discrete helicoids and produces higher quality, continuous yarn models. A new computational method is employed that significantly speeds up the optimization computations. Including offset surfaces with the scaffold, as well as removing sections of the scaffold, allow for the modeling of complex stitches. The improved approach produces superior geometric results, consisting of complex knitting stitches, at a fraction of the computational cost of the previous method.
Poloxamer 188 Exerts Direct Protective Effects on Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, can disrupt the cell membrane integrity of the vascular endothelial system, endangering blood–brain barrier function and threatening cellular subsistence. Protection of the vascular endothelial system might enhance clinical outcomes after TBI. Poloxamer 188 (P188) has been shown to improve neuronal function after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as after TBI. We aimed to establish an in vitro compression-type TBI model, comparing mild-to-moderate and severe injury, to observe the direct effects of P188 on Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (MBEC). Confluent MBEC were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic conditions for either 5 or 15 h (hours). 1 h compression was added, and P188 was administered during 2 h reoxygenation. A direct effect of P188 on MBEC was tested by assessing cell number/viability, cytotoxicity/membrane damage, metabolic activity, and total nitric oxide production (tNOp). While P188 enhanced cell number/viability, metabolic activity, and tNOp, an increase in cytotoxicity/membrane damage after mild-to-moderate injury was prevented. In severely injured MBEC, P188 improved metabolic activity only. P188, present during reoxygenation, influenced MBEC function directly in simulated I/R and compression-type TBI.
L’efficacia dei trattamenti psicoterapeutici: per una ricerca basata sulla pratica clinica

This article examines the relationship between psychotherapy research and clinical practice. Despite research advances in the last twenty years, there are still numerous obstacles to overcome for the dissemination of this topic. For this purpose, we will highlight the differences between evidence-based research, aimed at determining which therapeutic treatment is more effective for different psychiatric disorders, and practice-based research, which intends to obtain results that are more similar to daily professional practice, by focusing on aspects such as the therapeutic relationship, patient and therapist characteristics and contextual factors. It is possible to create a clinical practice that is not disconnected from scientific evidence regarding various aspects of therapeutic work. Lastly, I will highlight how psychodynamic treatments have shown evidence of effectiveness that makes them comparable to other types of treatments, even though the complexity of studying the therapeutic relationship in such a setting needs more work in order to integrate quantitative and qualitative research.
The Potential for Cross-National Research (Re)connection and Collaboration among Home and Host Country STEM Scientists through Labor Circulation: The Case of Serbia and the U.S.

This interview- and document review-based case study, conducted in 2017, captured visions of and possibilities for cross-national research connections and collaboration between Serbia and the U.S. through the eyes of seven Serbian science and engineering professors/scientists at three Mid-Western research universities in the U.S. Global labor circulation was equally explored as a channel for such connection and collaboration endeavors. The scientists' journey was first contextualized through their migration experiences from Serbia to the U.S. in the 1990s. Major thematic interview findings synthesized into promising, yet complex, circulatory flows of high skill labor between the two countries. This theme was channeled through aspirations to connect back with Serbia and engage in joint projects, the circulation potential to offset the loss of talent at home, temporary returns including the expatriated scientist's return criteria, and the meaning of successful research collaboration. Most of the respondents were enthusiastic to reconnect with their home country, although some explicitly wished to see a sign of interest from the home country first. Joint student training and advising and visiting professorships were the most suggested types of collaborations. Document reviews supplemented interviews and pointed to internationalization of the Serbian academia. This emergent theme was channeled through national and university internationalization strategies, student and staff mobility through exchange programs (although mainly in Europe), and success-stories of Serbian alumni abroad. Placing science on the national education and development agenda of Serbia and making academia-industry connections was imperative. Altogether, the findings pointed to complexities in reconnecting across the ocean, in spite of the circulation potential and especially in view of power and structural dynamics in home and host countries. Capitalizing on the circulation channel is not a simple undertaking. Besides researchers and practitioners, educational policy makers in Serbia are earnestly invited to consider this study and the experiences of the established Serbian scientists, and create ways of connecting to this rarely tapped-into potential.
Of Whores and Hounds: A New Interpretation of the Subject of Deuteronomy 23:19

The prohibition in Deut 23:19 against offering the “wages of a prostitute” (אתנןזונה) or the “price of a dog” (מחירכלב) in payment of a vow has generally been interpreted in connection with the proscription of the קדשה (“consecrated woman”) and קדש (“consecrated man”) in v. 18 as directed against some form of “cultic prostitution.” But the 2 m sg. verb raises the question of what a man is doing paying vows with a harlot’s fee. An investigation of v. 19 apart from the redactional v. 18 and an investigation of the key terms in their wider distribution in the Hebrew Bible yields a new understanding of the subject of this law and the idioms it employs.
Chapter 1 Viruses as Model Systems in Cell Biology

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the contributions that studies with viruses have made to current concepts in cell biology. Among the important advantages that viruses provide in such studies is their structural and genetic simplicity. The chapter describes the methods for growth, assay, and purification of viruses and infection of cells by several viruses that have been widely utilized for studies of cellular processes. Most investigations of virus replication at the cellular level are carried out using animal cells in culture. For the events in individual cells to occur with a high level of synchrony, single cycle growth conditions are used. Cells are infected using a high multiplicity of infectious virus particles in a low volume of medium to enhance the efficiency of virus adsorption to cell surfaces. After the adsorption period, the residual inoculum is removed and replaced with an appropriate culture medium. During further incubation, each individual cell in the culture is at a similar temporal stage in the viral replication process. Therefore, experimental procedures carried out on the entire culture reflect the replicative events occurring within an individual cell. The length of a single cycle of virus growth can range from a few hours to several days, depending on the virus type.
Modeling the Origins and Evolution of Postcolonial Politics: The Case of Ireland

This article develops a four-stage model to explain the evolution of postcolonial politics in the Irish context. The Irish began as an indigenous group who sought to reclaim their identity after it had been usurped by British imperialism. In the second stage of this process, the British attempt to undermine Irish culture and identity and replace it with their own. In the third stage of this process, the Irish after independence seek to implement nationalistic policies that demonstrate their own autonomy and assert their unique identity. In the fourth stage of postcolonical development the Irish seek to go beyond achieving an idyllic national past and instead integrate into the modern world economy and culture.
Multi-resolution signaling for multimedia multicasting

This article develops two selective repeat automatic repeat request (SR-ARQ) schemes, which exploit the difference in bit protection levels of M-PSK symbols with Gray code mapping to improve the throughput performance of multimedia multicasting in fading channels. The throughput enhancement is achieved by optimizing the phase offset ratio of nonuniform constellations matched to the difference in QoS requirements for multimedia traffic and link qualities among nodes in a multicast group. The preliminary results of our research are encouraging and provide motivation for further research on leveraging the benefits of nonuniform constellations on higher layers of the protocol stack. i.e., to facilitate efficient multimedia multicasting in wireless networks.
A scalar supercomputer

A description is given of the scalar supercomputer and of a particular implementation, the Prisma machine. The performance goal is a sustained rate of 150 million instructions per second, with matched memory size and I/O capabilities. The machine will be binary-compatible with other computers implementing the SPARC architecture. To obtain this level of performance, designers are implementing the computer with gallium arsenide integrated circuits. The circuit have a typical delay of about 150 ps, allowing the use of a system clock of around 4 ns. Using a proprietary packaging technology, the entire CPU may be packaged in a few cubic feet, minimizing interconnection delay. The machine will also support IEEE floating-point arithmetic, providing a more secure numerical foundation for complex computations than machines which are unable to support the standard. >
Cognitive processes in iterative design behavior

Iteration is considered to be an integral part of the design process and is believed to be a natural feature of a designer's competency. As an activity, iteration can be a goal-directed, nonlinear process that utilizes heuristic reasoning processes and strategies. These processes take place as designers attempt to gather and filter information about a design problem and result in the revision, improvement or modification of possible solutions. Although the utilization of a cyclic iterative design procedure is believed to increase the efficiency of the process and lead to better quality solutions, there is little research that identifies iterative behaviors in terms of design competencies. This paper presents a coding framework that was developed from a larger study on engineering design problem solving behavior. Verbal protocol data of freshmen and senior engineering students is used to empirically, analyze differences in iterative approaches and strategies in terms of experience and performance. Both the theoretical framework and coding categories are presented and discussed, with examples from verbal protocol transcripts. Opportunities for analyzing and measuring iterative behavior and testing hypotheses related to students' performance is reviewed. This research can contribute to our understanding of cognitive processes in design, the assessment of design ability, and help identify more effective instructional tools and pedagogical approaches to teach design.