cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of chain stiffness on thermal and mechanical properties of polymer thin films

The effect of main chain stiffness and side chain flexibility on the elastic modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of thin polymer films is investigated using nontraditional polymers formed from 5-(2-phenylethylnorbornene). Depending on the polymerization route chosen, the resulting polymer backbone is comprised of either bicyclic (norbornyl) units, which leads to a relatively rigid polymer with a high bulk Tg, or monocyclic (cyclopentyl) units, which leads to a more flexible structure with a lower bulk Tg. The modulus and Tg of the rigid bicyclic polymer are thickness independent down to <10 nm, whereas the modulus of the more flexible monocyclic polymer decreases with decreasing thickness. By hydrogenation of the pendant phenyl ring to the cyclohexyl counterpart, we illustrate that minor changes in the relative flexibility of the side chain do not impact the observed thin film behavior. To further support our hypothesis that main chain stiffness (persistence length) plays a central role in confi...
Studies on the Mechanism of Permethrin Resistance in Amblyseius fallacis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) Relative to Previous Insecticide Use on Apple

Six strains of a predator mite, Amblyseius fallacis Garman, were studied to investigate mechanisms of permethrin resistance as influenced by previous DDT, azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, and permethrin selection. Based on synergist and LC50 studies, a mixed-field strain selected with permethrin in the laboratory had a kdr type mechanism. DDT resistance in two other field strains may be of a DDTase type. Oxidative activity was only detectable in one carbaryl-selected strain at low levels, indicating that the mixed-function oxidases were not a major resistance mechanism in these mites. Azinphosmethyl resistance was primarily due to a hydrolytic esterase-type mechanism. Permethrin resistance in A. fallacies appears to be due to kdr or esterase activity to varying extents in several resistant strains.
Chemical principles of single-molecule electronics

The field of single-molecule electronics harnesses expertise from engineering, physics and chemistry to realize circuit elements at the limit of miniaturization; it is a subfield of nanoelectronics in which the electronic components are single molecules. In this Review, we survey the field from a chemical perspective and discuss the structure–property relationships of the three components that form a single-molecule junction: the anchor, the electrode and the molecular bridge. The spatial orientation and electronic coupling between each component profoundly affect the conductance properties and functions of the single-molecule device. We describe the design principles of the anchor group, the influence of the electronic configuration of the electrode and the effect of manipulating the structure of the molecular backbone and of its substituent groups. We discuss single-molecule conductance switches as well as the phenomenon of quantum interference and then trace their fundamental roots back to chemical principles. Single-molecule electronic junctions comprise three components: anchors, electrodes and the molecular bridge. This Review surveys the relationship between the chemical structures and the electronic properties of each component, and extends the discussion to switching functions and the phenomenon of quantum interference.
Extra-Adrenal Pheochromocytoma

Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas may arise in any portion of the paraganglion system, although they most commonly occur below the diaphragm. The most common site of occurrence of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma is the superior para-aortic region between the diaphragm and lower renal poles. Although the traditional teaching has been that 10% of all pheochromocytomas are at extra-adrenal sites, this may be an underestimation. Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas probably represent at least 15% of adult and 30% of childhood pheochromocytomas. They may be malignant in up to 40% of the cases, although conflicting data add to the uncertainty of this point. Patients with tumors arising at extra-adrenal sites commonly present with headache, palpitations, sweating and hypertension. The diagnosis is most often confirmed by demonstrating increased catecholamine production, usually by measurement of urinary catecholamines and/or their metabolites. CT scanning is presently the imaging procedure of choice for localization. The roles of MRI and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in the localization process are still being determined. Thorough preoperative pharmacological preparation, attentive intraoperative monitoring and aggressive surgical therapy all have an important role in achieving the safest and most successful outcome. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for primary extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma as well as recurrent or metastatic disease. When residual tumor cannot be resected, medical therapy for symptomatic relief is preferred, since radiotherapy and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness. Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are more likely to recur and to metastasize than their adrenal counterparts, making lifelong followup with annual determinations of catecholamine production essential.
Generating risk reduction recommendations to decrease vulnerability of public online profiles

Preserving online privacy is becoming increasingly challenging due in large part to the continued growth of social media. Those who choose to share their information publicly may not realize what features of their profiles make their public data more identifiable and potentially vulnerable to cross-site record linkage. This paper proposes a risk reduction recommendation method that suggests removal or modification of a small number of attributes to make a profile less unique, thereby reducing the identifiability and vulnerability of the user. Empirical results on data collected from Google+, LinkedIn, and Foursquare show that users' vulnerability in terms of identifiability and data exposure level can be significantly reduced while public profile utility can be maintained using our proposed approach.
Thoracic radiofrequency ablation

Abstract Thoracic spine pain is a relatively common condition. Pain in this region may be attributable to dysfunction of the thoracic facet joint. The true prevalence of thoracic facet pain remains somewhat elusive. Although challenging to diagnose at times, this joint is amenable to several therapeutic options. Radiofrequency neurotomy and thoracic medial branch blocks are normally used to treat facetogenic pain originating in the thoracic spine. Although demonstrating promise, larger, robustly designed trials are needed to further elucidate the appropriate treatment of this disorder.
GIS-Based Logistic Regression for Landslide Susceptibility Analysis in Western Washington State

The Oso landslide, one of the most recent disasters, occurred on March 22nd, 2014 in western Washington State. It caused significant property damage and killed over 40 people. As a result, a renewed interest has emerged for creating more accurate landslide susceptibility maps for this region. Research addressing landslide susceptibility within the north Puget Sound region of western Washington is lacking; therefore, this study develops a probabilistic GIS-based landslide susceptibility model for the north Puget Sound region. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to create a landslide susceptibility map of Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish, and King Counties. To predict probable areas of landslide occurrence, a landslide inventory map was prepared and fourteen topographic, geologic, environmental, and climatic predictor variables were considered. This research aims to assist in restructuring western Washington's landslide policies, and could serve as the first step in producing more accurate landslide susceptibility maps for the region.
Risk, disequilibrium, and virtue

Abstract This paper takes up the question of to promote a good society in a time where new environments such as smart cities are emerging as the result of unprecedented and intensive technological change. As an entry-point into this question, it proposes and explores the concept of post-normal engineering. Using the driverless car as a microcosm of the smart city, Part One of the paper explores two dimensions of post-normal engineering—the acceptance of negotiated risk and the dependence on open innovation—in order to bring out how these environments are associated with disequilibrium and uncertainty. The second part of the paper offers a comparison of two virtue-oriented approaches, one by Dale Jamieson and the other by Michel Puech, for living well under such conditions. Part Three argues that, under such conditions, virtues of the kind they identify as important to cultivate under these conditions need to be supplemented with virtues of a different, disequilibrating, order, and suggests attuned spontaneity and informal generosity as two examples. A brief conclusion traces some implications of the idea of “disequilibrating” virtue for technological design.
Histiocytic sarcoma: New insights into FNA cytomorphology and molecular characteristics.

BACKGROUND Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasm showing morphologic and immunophenotypic features of histiocytes. Molecular characteristics of HS and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) criteria for its diagnosis have not been established. METHODS A case series of HS in 8 FNA samples from 6 patients was reviewed along with histopathologic and clinical data. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cell blocks (3 cases), core biopsies (5 cases), and surgical specimens (4 cases). Targeted-exome next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on surgical resection specimens in 4 cases. RESULTS Four patients had a known history of hematolymphoid malignancy. Cytomorphologic features included variably cellular smears composed of large epithelioid cells with reniform nuclei and abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, in an inflammatory background, with occasional cytophagocytosis and lymphoglandular bodies. Marked pleomorphism, multinucleated monster cells, and binucleated histiocytoid cells with partially overlapping, eccentrically placed nuclei resembling Pac-Man were common. Most cases expressed histiocytic markers CD68 (6 of 7 cases), CD163 (5 of 5 cases), and PU.1 (3 of 4 cases). In 3 cases, NGS analysis revealed alterations in lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D)/mixed-lineage leukemia 2 (MLL2), a gene involved in chromatin regulation and previously implicated in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Although diagnosing HS with FNA alone is extremely challenging, the presence of pleomorphic and epithelioid large cells with binucleation and/or multinucleation in an inflammatory background should prompt the diagnosis of HS with judicious use of confirmatory histiocytic lineage markers. The detection of recurrent KMT2D/MLL2 alterations implicates epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of HS and supports the notion of transdifferentiation from a genetically similar but phenotypically distinct tumor of a different lineage. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Desmosomal cadherin association with Tctex-1 and cortactin-Arp2/3 drives perijunctional actin polymerization to promote keratinocyte delamination

The epidermis is a multi-layered epithelium that serves as a barrier against water loss and environmental insults. Its morphogenesis occurs through a tightly regulated program of biochemical and architectural changes during which basal cells commit to differentiate and move towards the skin’s surface. Here, we reveal an unexpected role for the vertebrate cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in remodeling the actin cytoskeleton to promote the transit of basal cells into the suprabasal layer through a process of delamination, one mechanism of epidermal stratification. Actin remodeling requires the interaction of Dsg1 with the dynein light chain, Tctex-1 and the actin scaffolding protein, cortactin. We demonstrate that Tctex-1 ensures the correct membrane compartmentalization of Dsg1-containing desmosomes, allowing cortactin/Arp2/3-dependent perijunctional actin polymerization and decreasing tension at E-cadherin junctions to promote keratinocyte delamination. Moreover, Dsg1 is sufficient to enable simple epithelial cells to exit a monolayer to form a second layer, highlighting its morphogenetic potential. The epidermis is a multi-layered epithelium formed by the differentiation of basal cells and movement into suprabasal layers. Here the authors define a role for the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 in promoting the delamination of basal cells by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with the dynein light chain Tctex-1 and cortactin.
Obesity-Related Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Mechanistic Rationale for Combining Inhibitors of Aldosterone, Neprilysin, and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2.

Obesity-related heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an important phenotype prevalent in the community, especially in people with metabolic disorders (e.g., dyslipidemia, diabetes). These individuals exhibit a marked expansion of plasma volume, but ventricular distensibility is limited, most likely as a result of cardiac microvascular rarefaction acting in concert with myocardial and pericardial fibrosis. Consequently, the increase in plasma volume causes a disproportionate increase in cardiac filling pressures, leading to heart failure, even though systolic ejection is not impaired. The features of this syndrome appear to be related (in part) to the overproduction of adipocyte-derived cell-signaling molecules, including aldosterone and neprilysin. The resulting sodium retention and plasma volume expansion is exacerbated by their mutual actions to promote cardiac and systemic inflammation and fibrosis. Inhibitors of aldosterone, neprilysin, and the sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) can ameliorate the plasma volume expansion and pro-inflammatory and profibrotic pathways, potentially opposing the action of diverse adipocytokines. All 3 classes of drugs can reduce the quantity of visceral adipose tissue and ameliorate its abnormal biological properties. This mechanistic framework is supported by the results of large-scale randomized trials with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and SGLT2 inhibitors and is being further tested in an ongoing large-scale trial of neprilysin inhibition. The promise of using mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, neprilysin inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors (alone or in combination) in the management of obesity-related HFpEF suggests that physicians might finally have a phenotype of HFpEF that they can understand and treat.
The Ironic Vision in Modern Literature

In 1908 Alexander Blok, the Russian poet, wrote this diagnosis of the modern temper: All the most lively and sensitive children of our century are stricken by a disease unknown to doctors and psychiatrists. It is related to the disorders of the soul and might be called “irony.” Its symptoms are fits of an exhausting laughter which starts with a diabolical mockery and a provocative smile and ends as rebellion and sacrilege.1
A LOGISTIC TOURISM MODEL: Resort Cycles, Globalization, and Chaos

Abstract This paper explores suggestions in the literature that the tourism industry is “chaotic” by transforming a previously developed resort model into discrete logistic equation (DLE), a widely researched chaos model. Given parameters characteristic of the industry, the logistic tourism model (LTM) explains, for example, the hesitant take-off of tourism, the role of agglomeration during the rapid growth phase, and why even in maturity, with slower average growth, a resort maintains its high growth potential and propensity for chaos. These and other findings suggest that globalizing industries, such as tourism, may exhibit quite different dynamics from those captured by traditional growth models or localized supply-demand elasticity models.
Boundary-Scan Testing of AC Coupled Nets

High-speed (multi-gigahertz) circuit interconnect, particularly between Serializer-Deserializer (SerDes) I/O, often includes AC coupling capacitors (see Figure 1 for a single-ended example, Figure 2 for a differential case) to compensate for DC offsets between the integrated circuits on printed circuit boards or across system backplanes. For example, a driver that drives between +0.6 and +2.5 volts can be connected to a differential receiver that has an input range between -0.8 and +0.8 volts, by using AC coupling. In such a case, the termination voltage source VT could be ground (0 volts).
Visual odometry using commodity optical flow

A wide variety of techniques for visual navigation using robot-mounted cameras have been described over the past several decades, yet adoption of optical flow navigation techniques has been slow. This demo illustrates what visual navigation has to offer: robust hazard detection (including precipices and obstacles), high-accuracy open-loop odometry, and stable closed-loop motion control implemented via an optical flow based visual odometry system. This work is based on 1) open source vision code, 2) common computing hardware, and 3) inexpensive, consumer-quality cameras, and as such should be accessible to many robot builders.
The IL-1 Pathway in T Cell Activation

Almost without exception, normal T cells or their progeny require accessory cells (AC) or their products for activation and proliferation induced by mitogens, antigens and soluble anti-idiotypic antibodies. Despite many years of effort, the role of MHC products, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and other possible signalling systems of AC which promote T cell responses remain unclear. In this report we discuss a new IL-l-dependent human T cell activation system which contrasts with and illuminates properties of T cell activation pathways regulated by AC. The results show that IL-1 can promote IL-2 receptor expression on T cells and that signals other than IL-1 are required for T cell responses to lectin mitogens.
Measuring the regional economic impacts of high-speed rail using a dynamic SCGE model: the case of China

High-Speed Rail (HSR) has experienced a rapid development in many countries in the world, but how can planners and decision makers better understand the regional economic impact of the gigantic sys...
Supervisor humor styles and employee advocacy: A serial mediation model

Abstract This study examines how supervisor humor styles influence employee advocacy by building the linkage between affiliative humor, aggressive humor, supervisor authenticity, employee-organization relationships, and employee advocacy. Through a quantitative survey with 350 employees who work for a variety of organizations, the study’s results indicated that the relationship between supervisor humor style and employee advocacy is fully mediated by supervisor authenticity and employee-organization relationships. Significant theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The cultural context of trauma recovery: Considering the posttraumatic stress disorder practice guideline and intersectionality

The American Psychological Association's (2017) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults endorsed by the American Psychological Association notes that attention to cultural context is a required component of trauma-informed mental health care provision. Despite the inclusion of this statement, the Treatment of PTSD Guideline does not give adequate attention to culture in the defining of trauma, review of the trauma literature, the criteria adopted for evaluation of PTSD treatments, and, resultantly, the determination of treatment recommendations. Culture plays a significant role in the vulnerability to, experience of, and recovery from mental health sources of distress, including interpersonal trauma (Bryant-Davis, 2005). Approaches to trauma-focused psychotherapy that are ethically sound call for a prioritizing of cultural competence (awareness, knowledge, and skills), as well as cultural humility (Harvey & Tammala-Nara, 2007). Trauma survivors, however, hold multiple identities simultaneously that influence their conceptualizations of trauma, therapy, and the recovery process (Brown, 2008). Intersectionality refers to the way in which a multiply marginalized person experiences cultural identity and oppression that is qualitatively different than the experience of trauma survivors from dominant cultural groups (Crenshaw, 2005). The realities of racism, sexism, heterosexism, and classism, as well as their influence on the trauma recovery process, are examined, while noting the minimal attention that has been given to additional forms of oppression such as religious intolerance and able-bodyism. This critical review of the literature will examine the theoretical and empirical literature, which has examined the framework and strategies that have been cultivated in service to trauma survivors who have been traditionally underserved. Attention will be given in particular to benefits, limitations, and critiques of evidence-based interventions, as well as benefits, limitations, and future research needs of both culturally modified interventions and culturally emergent trauma interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Serum IGFBP4 levels in combination with miliary disease: A candidate predictor of ovarian cancer progression-free survival.

5079 Background: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein, IGFBP4, was shown to be highly expressed across all stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and serum levels are elevated in EOC. More...
Strengthening the Role of Graduate Program Directors

One of the responses to the demands of graduate education in the United States has been the development of faculty directors of graduate programs within academic departments. The title for this position varies widely, but it is most commonly called Graduate Program Director (GPD). The GPD serves at the departmental level and is key in the administration of graduate programs in the U.S. and in a number of other countries. However, little scholarly attention has been brought to examination of these positions although there has been acknowledgement that the faculty members holding them play key roles in student recruitment, socialization, retention, and program completion. This article is the first presentation of multi-institutional survey data on faculty members serving in this role. The survey found that the role is only partially formalized. About half of the survey respondents reported that there were written job descriptions and university-wide policies related to this role. Survey respondents reported a wide range of responsibilities, but rather limited resources to assist them in this role.
Hard chromium composite electroplating on high-strength stainless steel from a Cr(III)-ionic liquid solution

Abstract A composite chromium coating has been potentiostatically electroplated on high-strength stainless steel substrates from a trivalent chromium bath. The electrolyte solvent consists of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) to which water, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), and Al2O3 particles (≈3–4 μm) were added to improve the ion transport properties, the wettability at the electrolyte–substrate interface, the metallic chromium content, and the microhardness of the coating, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the coating reveals 85% metallic chromium and 15% chromium oxides and chromium hydroxide. Characterization of the coating shows the existence of chromium carbide-type bonds, resulting from the incorporation of carbon atoms into the chromium crystal lattice, leading to a high degree of amorphization of the coating. Optimization of electroplating conditions yielded a uniform chromium composite coating with a Vicker's microhardness of 860 (±10) HV and a thickness of 42 μm (±4), which is comparable to a chromium coating obtained from conventional chromic acid baths.
Importance of imaging in knee pain

A 72-year-old woman with a prior history of stage IIIa lung adenocarcinoma was seen with complaints of knee pain, swelling, and difficulty sleeping at night for 1 month. Although mimicking osteoarthritis, patellofemoral syndrome, and iliotibial band syndrome, radiographs showed a lytic lesion suspicious for metastatic disease. The right tibial lesion was excised, saphenous neurolysis was performed, and radiation treatment and four cycles of chemotherapy were administered. This case shows the importance of early imaging in patients with knee pain of prolonged duration seen in the primary care setting.
Validation of the oscillometric blood pressure monitor Vet20 SunTech in anesthetized healthy cats

Abstract Objective To evaluate a veterinary-specific oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) system according to the guidelines of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Consensus Statement. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals A total of 33 client-owned cats (20 females and 13 males). Methods Cats were premedicated with methadone (0.3 mg kg−1) and alfaxalone (2 mg kg−1) intramuscularly. After 15 minutes anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (3%) in 100% oxygen by facemask while breathing spontaneously. A 22 gauge catheter was placed in the median caudal artery and systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures were measured. NIBP measurements were collected by placing the cuff (40% of limb circumference) on the right or left antebrachium. The agreement between the two methods was evaluated with the Bland–Altman methods, and the oscillometric NIBP device was evaluated using the ACVIM guidelines for validation of devices. Results Data from 30 of the 33 cats were analyzed. Five paired measurements were taken from each cat, totaling 150 paired measurements. Mean bias (limits of agreements) for SAP, DAP and MAP were 2.7 (−22.7 to 28.1), 0.9 (−22.3 to 24.2) and 1.3 (−20.4 to 23.0). The oscillometric NIBP passed all validation criteria, except correlation which was Conclusions and clinical relevance The Vet20 did not meet all validation criteria by the ACVIM. However, all criteria except correlation were met.
Secularization theory and religion

What is the relationship between religion and human development? Using data from the pooled 1981–2014 World and European Values Surveys, we examine the effect of human development on a country's level of religious attendance and belief. Consistent with the idea that the primary causal mechanism underlying secularization theory has to do with the substitutability of secular and religious goods, we find that human development has a negative effect on religious attendance but no effect on religious belief. Our results indicate that as societies develop, we should not be surprised if religious belief remains high even as religious attendance declines. The negative effect of human development on religious attendance is driven primarily by a country's level of education and health. Our analysis suggests that it is important to think carefully about what one's theoretical model of the secularization process implies for different aspects of religion.
Abstract 1908: Kinome rewiring upon acquisition of resistance to PI3K inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer

Hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a critical step in oncogenesis and plays a role in the development of treatment resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Targeted inhibition of PI3K (PI3Ki) was recently approved in combination with endocrine therapy for advanced ER+ breast cancer. As most tumor-targeted therapies are encumbered by the development of secondary resistance, there remains a need to identify novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and overcome PI3Ki resistance. We treated mice bearing anti-estrogen-resistant ER+ breast cancer xenografts with the anti-estrogen fulvestrant +/- the pan-PI3Ki GDC-0941. The drug combination induced partial regression of tumors, followed by regrowth despite continued drug treatment. We harvested tumors before, during, and after acquisition of resistance to the drug combination and performed quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified 203 phosphopeptides and 227 unique phosphorylation sites in the drug-resistant tumors, with clusters of 87 upregulated and 116 downregulated phosphopeptides. The NetPhorest analysis platform predicted hyperactivation of 6 kinases and hypoactivation of 16 kinases in drug-resistant tumors. Notably, two hyperactive kinases, MAPK1 and HIPK2, were predicted to target substrates MARKS (at Ser27 in the calcium binding domain) and NS1BP (at Ser322 in the homeodomain kelch repeat). MARCKS is a filamentous actin cross-linking protein, while the kelch repeats of NS1BP are known to associate with F-actin to stabilize actin filaments. In addition, the most significant predicted kinase among the cluster of 116 downregulated phosphopetides in the drug-resistant tumors was “PKCiota”, predicted to target PARD3 at Ser852. Previous work showed that PARD3 is central for the formation of tight junctions. These data collectively suggest a dynamic role of kinase-substrate interactions involved in resistance to combined anti-estrogen/PI3Ki treatment, including filamentation actin formation and stabilization, as well as the deregulation of tight junction formation. Citation Format: Jacqueline Reedy Griffin, Nicole Traphagen, Arminja Kettenbach, Todd Miller. Kinome rewiring upon acquisition of resistance to PI3K inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1908.
Herzneurosen und neurozirkulatorische Asthenie

Manche Arzte sind noch im Zweifel, ob man zwischen diesen beiden Zustanden eine scharfe Trennungslinie ziehen konne. Wir ziehen ihre Erorterung als gesonderte Krankheitsbilder trotz vielen und starken, gegen eine solche Einteilung sprechenden Argumenten vor.
Engaging Students in Open Source: Opportunities and Approaches

Recently, many faculty have begun to engage students in free and open source software (FOSS) development both for pedagogical advantage and in response to increased student demand. Faculty see FOSS as providing authentic computing artifacts to enrich course content. Students see FOSS projects as a way to contribute to something real and develop their skills while building a portfolio of their work to share with potential employers. Despite these benefits, CS teachers and students have expressed frustration with the challenges of engaging with existing FOSS projects. This BOF will provide a forum for faculty and members of FOSS communities to exchange ideas and methods for engaging students in FOSS, including what did and did not work. The kinds of questions that often arise include whether to let students choose their own projects or select projects for them, and whether to establish mentoring relationships with the project community in advance, or to let students develop these relationships for themselves. Other questions often heard are whether to let students form their own work groups, assign the groups, or if students may work by themselves on a project. Conversely, there are FOSS projects that have questions on how to best engage qualified students. Participant input collected initially will be used to prioritize among the questions above.
Acute Ischemic Stroke: MR Imaging-Based Paradigms.

Multimodal MR imaging provides valuable information in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. MR imaging plays a critical role in treatment decision making for (1) thrombolytic treatment of AIS patients with unknown symptom-onset and (2) endovascular treatment of patients with large vessel occlusion presenting beyond 6 hours from the symptom onset. MR imaging provides the most accurate information for detection of ischemic brain and is invaluable for differentiating AIS from stroke mimics.
Current Surgical Trainee Perceptions and Experiences in Telehealth.

Introduction: Broad expansion of telehealth technologies has been implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to allow for physical distancing and limitation of viral transmission within health care facilities. Although telehealth has been studied for its impact on patients, payors, and practitioners, its educational impact is largely unstudied. To better understand the trainee experience and perception of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a survey of the membership of the American College of Surgeons Resident and Associate Society (RAS). Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to members of RAS. Descriptive analysis was used to report experiences and perceptions. Chi-square analysis was used to compare cohorts with and without exposure to telehealth. Results: Of the 465 RAS respondents, 292 (62.8%) reported knowledge of telehealth technologies at their institutions. The majority of these respondents experienced a decrease in in-person clinic volume (94.4%) and an associated increase in virtual clinic volume (95.7%) related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Trainee integration into telehealth workflows increased drastically from prepandemic levels (11% vs. 54.5%, p < 0.001). Likelihood of trainee exposure to telehealth was associated with university-based training programs or larger program size. Trainees demonstrated a desire for more integration and development of curricula. Conclusions: These data serve as the first description of surgical trainee experience with, and opinion of, telehealth. Trainees recognize the importance of their integration and training in telehealth. These results should be used to guide the development of workflows and curricula that integrate trainees into telemedicine clinics.
The Hemolytic Anemia of Human Bartonellosis

A study of the processes of formation and destruction of blood has been carried out, in addition to other investigations of the physiopathology of the anemia of human bartonellosis. From the results obtained the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The life-span of the red cells parasitized by Bartonella bacilliformis is greatly shortened. However, not all the parasitized red cells are prematurely destroyed. 2. Red cells from normal subjects are partially destroyed when they are injected into infected patients. More than 50 per cent of them survive normally. 3. The mechanical fragility of the red cells is increased in the majority of the cases. 4. The index of sequestration of red cells by the liver and spleen was increased in the three patients studied. Also, the products of catabolism of hemoglobin were increased in all the patients studied. 5. The increased production of red cells as a response to the great destruction was prevented at first, but later it reached its peak, being in some cases five times greater than normal. 6. The search for agglutinins and hemolysins was negative. 7. The amount of free protoporphyrins in the red cells was increased, indicating that there was some interference to the synthesis of hemoglobin that would also explain the hypochromia of the red cells. 8. The increase in the diameter of the red cells was independent of the actual amount of reticulocytes.
Kinetic mechanism of potato phosphorylase.

Abstract Polysaccharide phosphorylase isolated from Idaho potatoes was the subject of a steady state kinetic study. The initial velocity of the reaction between α-d-glucopyranose 1-phosphate (glucose-1-P) and amylopectin, in the absence of orthophosphate, was determined as a function of substrate concentration. A similar study was carried out for the reverse reaction. The result is characteristic of a sequential reaction mechanism in which both substrates must add to the enzyme before any product can be liberated. Isotope exchange rates at chemical equilibrium were determined for the glucose-1-P:Pi:amylopectin system in the presence of phosphorylase. Exchange of 32P from glucose-1-P into Pi and exchange of 14C from glucose-1-P into amylopectin were followed simultaneously by the use of glucose-1-P containing both isotopes. Concentrations of glucose-1-P and Pi were varied together in their equilibrium ratio at constant amylopectin concentration, and the concentration of amylopectin was varied at fixed concentrations of phosphates. Exchange rates for the two isotopes were equal under all conditions and gave linear reciprocal plots. These results support a rapid equilibrium mechanism. Isotope exchange rates were also determined under nonequilibrium conditions. Exchange of 32P from glucose-1-P into Pi was followed as a function of amylopectin concentration at a fixed concentration of glucose-1-P and several fixed concentrations of Pi. The exchange was also followed as a function of glucose-1-P concentration at a fixed amylopectin concentration and several fixed Pi concentrations. These experiments are equivalent to conventional product inhibition experiments. The results indicate that Pi is a competitive inhibitor with respect to glucose-1-P and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to amylopectin. Our conclusion is that potato phosphorylase has a rapid equilibrium Random Bi Bi mechanism (Cleland, W. W., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 67, 104 (1963)) involving binary complexes of enzyme with amylopectin, glucose-1-P, and Pi, and ternary complexes of enzyme with amylopectin and glucose-1-P and with amylopectin and Pi.
Embryonic stem cells provide a powerful and versatile model system

Abstract Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent stem cells that differentiate both in vitro and in vivo into cell types derived from each of the three embryonic germ layers. ES cells and their close relatives, embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and embryonic germ (EG) cells, have been used extensively as model systems for studying early mammalian development. This work has led to important insights into the mechanisms that control embryogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels. This chapter focuses on the use of ES cells as an in vitro model system for studying cellular differentiation and reviews several areas where important progress has been made. Impressive progress has been made in the isolation and characterization of ES cells from many species, including humans. Significant progress has also been made in the development of culture conditions that help direct the differentiation of ES cells to specific celltypes that form during myogenesis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis. neurogenesis, and cardiogenesis. The ability to inactivate virtually any gene in ES cells by gene targeting has vastly improved our understanding of the roles played by specific genes at the cellular and organismic levels. Moreover, ES cells and EC cells have been used widely to investigate how specific genes are turned on and turned off in the course of differentiation. In this connection, DNA array technology has been used to identify genes regulated when ES cells differentiate. The final section of this chapter discusses how work with ES cells is shaping our understanding of stem cells, mammalian development, and cell replacement therapy.
Anarchy and Legal Order: Law and Politics for a Stateless Society

1. Laying foundations 2. Rejecting aggression 3. Safeguarding cooperation 4. Enforcing law 5. Rectifying injury 6. Liberating society 7. Situating liberation.
Design considerations for advanced, clinically integrated, radiologist digital dictation system

Radiologists require efficient access to clinical information in order to increase the clinical accuracy of their interpretations. Any system developed to access clinical information must do so efficiently while dozens of examinations await interpretation. radStation is a clinical display/report dictation system that has been designed not only to provide an effective interface to unrelated legacy databases but also to effectively integrate into the existing dictation workflow of radiologists. The three-tiered system architecture provides for efficient access to existing legacy databases and allows for future expansion with additional middle-tier (business rules) servers that are able to maintain robust interfaces to legacy databases (the database tier). However, the system architecture is of little concern to a practicing radiologist when experiencing robust system response. The system requires almost no training to master and is well-accepted by a very busy oncological radiology specialty practice.
Superinfection Exclusion by P22 Prophage and the Replication Complex

Wild-type sie + P22 prophage converted Salmonella typhimurium lysogens to exclude deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) injected by superinfecting phage. DNA from a P22 superinfecting virulent phage associated with the replication complex in a sie − lysogen but not in a sie + lysogen.
A Study Of Quality Management In Small Organizations Providing Services Directed At People

This paper reports on a study of managerial perceptions of the implementation of total quality management (TQM). Results of a survey covering small firms in northeastern Indiana providing services directed at people are presented. Aspects discussed include the unique nature of this category of service firms, TQM deployment, tools used, successes, failures, benefits, and problems encountered. The majority of respondents indicated their firms’ commitment to TQM but a significantly smaller proportion demonstrated notable engagement with and actual implementation of a formal TQM program. Even smaller percentages had benchmarked internal quality standards, used TQM tools and quality-enhancing activities, rewarded employees for successful quality performance, and involved suppliers in their quality programs. Strategic implications of these findings are considered.
The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Spt8 Gene Encodes a Very Acidic Protein That Is Functionally Related to Spt3 and Tata-Binding Protein

Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT8 gene were previously isolated as suppressors of retrotransposon insertion mutations in the 5' regions of the HIS4 and LYS2 genes. Mutations in SPT8 confer phenotypes similar to those caused by particular mutations in SPT15, which encodes the TATA-binding protein (TBP). These phenotypes are also similar to those caused by mutations in the SPT3 gene, which encodes a protein that directly interacts with TBP. We have now cloned and sequenced the SPT8 gene and have shown that it encodes a predicted protein of 602 amino acids with an extremely acidic amino terminus. In addition, the predicted SPT8 amino acid sequence contains one copy of a sequence motif found in multiple copies in a number of other eukaryotic proteins, including the beta subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. To investigate further the relationship between SPT8, SPT3 and TBP, we have analyzed the effect of an spt8 null mutation in combination with different spt3 and spt15 mutations. This genetic analysis has shown that an spt8 deletion mutation is suppressed by particular spt3 alleles. Taken together with previous results, these data suggest that the SPT8 protein is required, directly or indirectly, for TBP function at particular promoters and that the role of SPT8 may be to promote a functional interaction between SPT3 and TBP.
Robust cepstral features for speaker identification

In this paper we introduce a new set of features that provides improved performance for speaker identification. This feature set is referred to as the adaptive component weighting (ACW) cepstral coefficients. The ACW scheme modifies the linear predictive (LP) spectral components (resonances) so as to emphasize the formant structure by attenuating the broad-bandwidth spectral components. Such components are found to introduce undesired variability in the LP spectra of speech signals due to environmental factors. The ACW cepstral coefficients represent an adaptively weighted version of the LP cepstrum. The adaptation results in deemphasizing the irrelevant variations of the LP cepstral coefficients on a frame-by-frame basis. Experiments are presented using the San Diego portion of the King database. The ACW cepstrum is shown to offer improved speaker identification performance as compared to other common methods of cepstral weighting. >
Determining the Service Life of Thin Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlay by Means of Different Performance Indicators

The use of thin hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay as a preventive maintenance treatment is gaining wide acceptance in the United States and abroad. Pavement management and maintenance practitioners seek quantitative means to assess the effectiveness of this and other treatments to plan, program, and budget for pavement preservation in the long term. A synthesis was done of studies on thin HMA overlay service life. The service life of thin HMA overlay treatments applied in a midwestern state in 2001 to 2006 is discussed. The study, carried out separately for three functional classes—Interstates, non-Interstate National Highway System (NHS), and non-NHS—uses three performance indicators. They are the international roughness index (IRI), pavement condition rating (PCR), and rut depth (RUT). The study finds that the thin HMA treatment service life is 7 to 10 years (basis of IRI), 7 to 11 years (basis of PCR), and 8 to 11 years (basis of RUT). These values are based on the application of the following thresholds: ...
Finite element modeling of segmental chip formation in high-speed orthogonal cutting

An explicit, Lagrangian, elastic-plastic, finite element code has been modified to accommodate chip separation, segmentation, and interaction in modeling of continuous and segmented chip formation in highspeed orthogonal metal cutting process. A fracture algorithm has been implemented that simulates the separation of the chip from the workpiece and the simultaneous breakage of the chip into multiple segments. The path of chip separation and breakage is not assigned in advance but rather is controlled by the state of stress and strain induced by tool penetration. A special contact algorithm has been developed that automatically updates newly created surfaces as a result of chip separation and breakage and flags them as contact surfaces. This allows for simulation of contact between tool and newly created surfaces as well as contact between simulated chip segments. The work material is modeled as elastic/perfectly plastic, and the entire cutting process from initial tool workpiece contact to final separation of chip from workpiece is simulated. In this paper, the results of the numerical simulation of continuous and segmented chip formation in orthogonal metal cutting of material are presented in the form of chip geometry, stress, and strain contours in the critical regions.