cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frontal interaction with isolated orography

Abstract The interaction of a three-dimensional cold front and an isolated orographic ridge is examined by means of primitive equation model simulations. The front evolves as part of a developing nonlinear baroclinic wave and propagates southward toward the ridge. Many of the features in this interaction, such as the anticyclonic distortion of the front, divergence and frontolysis on the windward slope, convergence and frontogenesis in the lee, and the frontogenetical forcing associated with tilting, have previously been captured by simulations of a passive scalar traversing a ridge. It is shown that the ridge decelerates the cold postfrontal air and creates a high pressure anomaly on the windward slope. If this anomaly is strong enough, it accelerates air over the ridge peak in a shallow ageostrophic flow that possesses many features found in a gravity current. This current provides relatively strong surface frontogenesis through the convergence term, but cannot transport enough mass across the peak to w...
The Breath of My Life: Constructing the Self in Chen Ran’s A Private Life

The self is a fascinating creature, especially when considered in terms of fictional characters, for as slippery as the notion of “self” is for real people, it becomes even more so when there is no...
Factors related to patterns of information exchange between adoptive parents and children in mediated adoptions

Communication between adoptive parents and their adopted children was examined in a sample of 60 families involved in mediated adoptive relationships. Subjects for this study participated in the Minnesota-Texas Adoption Project, a nationwide study of openness in adoption ( Grotevant & McRoy, 1997 ). The children ranged in age from 4.5 to 12.5 years, with a mean age of 7.8 years. Data were drawn from individual interviews with family members in their homes. Results indicated that communication between adoptive parents and their children intensified when children began to act on their curiosity and question their parents about adoption-related issues. Different patterns of communication were found between adopted children and their mothers and fathers. While all adoptive mothers reported active communication with their children about adoption-related issues, adoptive fathers communicated more actively when their children had more information about their birth parents or reported being more curious about adoption-related issues.
Novel extracellular matrix-associated serine proteinase inhibitors from human skin fibroblasts.

Abstract Serine proteinase inhibitors play a major role in the turnover of connective tissues. In this study, we isolated and determined partial amino-terminal amino acid sequence of trypsin/elastase/plasmin inhibitors ( M r 33,000 and 31,000) from the extracellular matrix of SV40-transformed human skin fibroblasts. The antitrypsin activity of the inhibitors was monitored by substrate reverse zymography. Polyclonal antisera to α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, α2-antiplasmin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitors-1 and -2, and a monoclonal antibody to protease nexin-1 did not label the 33-, 31-, and 27-kDa inhibitors. A computer search for amino acid sequence homology indicated that the 31-kDa inhibitor is novel. In contrast, the sequence of the 33-kDa inhibitor shared 70 to 90% homology with the amino-terminal sequence of a recently characterized 32-kDa trypsin/tissue factor inhibitor called tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2. The 33- and 31-kDa inhibitors bind to heparin-Sepharose and were recovered from the affinity beads as well as from the t12 FB extracellular matrix with 1 M NaCl. Based on these results, we propose that the extracellular matrix of human mesenchymal cells sequester a family of novel serine proteinase inhibitors.
Research on the Load Dispatching Model to Deal with the Uncertainty of Wind Power

Abstract High penetration of wind power brings a great challenge to the power system scheduling mode and technologies. Existing researches show that load resources would have great potential and economic benefits on this aspect. However, it will cause a complex control problem when a large number of loads participate in active power scheduling. Therefore, How to establish an effective and feasible load scheduling model is necessary. Based on the multi-agent technology, the interaction mechanism between demand response loads participate in the dispatching operation and the specific load dispatching model are studied in this paper. First, the 3-layered architecture of 'control centre's decision-making layer, agent-coordination layer, local load response layer' is established, and the working mechanism of load agents is designed; Then, the decision-making model of the load agent is established, and a bidding strategy for the global optimum is put forward to the power company based on the game theory; By analysing the scheduling cost of different adjustable resources which can be generators or loads, the power company will make decisions for minimizing their scheduling costs; On this basis, the transaction process between the load agents and the dispatching centre is designed. Finally, examples on the IEEE 39-bus model demonstrate the validity of the model and strategy proposed in this paper. The results show that, with the multi-agent load dispatching mechanism, the load resources can be adequately utilized and the generator reserve is decreased obviously, the cost of dispatching system is reduced effectively, and a win-win status of the power company and load agents is achieved.
Regional Ground-Water Management

Aquifers are basically water storage reservoirs and need to be used as such to optimally integrate them into the water resource system. They have five special properties that dictate how they should be used to store water. These are size, their response time, the quality of water they hold, the ecological impacts of using them, and the type of investment needed to develop them. To be most effective, all of the available storage of an aquifer should be utilized and the quality of the ground water maintained, but neither of these requirements are totally met and in many areas are dangerously ignored. In order to realize the full potential of the aquifer benefits, regional cooperation or control is necessary.
A Simple Modification of the Estrogen Receptor Exchange Assay: Validation in Nuclei from the Rat Uterus and a Mouse Mammary Tumor

Crude nuclear preparations from the rat uterus and the MXT mouse mammary tumor contain endogenous nucleases whose activity results in the loss of estrogen-binding sites from these fractions due to DNA breakdown. Although this is not a significant problem for studies in the uterus, the majority of the receptors present in nuclei from the tumor were lost from the particulate fraction under the standard conditions for the [3H]estradiol exchange assay. The addition of 5 mm Ca++ to either of these nuclear preparations resulted in the aggregation of the released estrogen receptors with particulate components and, hence, a total inhibition of receptor release into the soluble (wash) fractions. Ca++ had no effect on the affinity of the receptors for [3H]estradiol, although in some cases it slowed the overall rate of binding. The addition of Ca++ to the nuclear estrogen exchange assay may therefore prove to be a simple yet powerful aide in studies on the potential hormonal responsiveness of human and experimental ...
Building foundations for the crowd: minimalist author support guides for crowdsourced documentation wikis

Social help systems are changing the role of professional technical communicators from directly writing documentation to the support of amateurs who write documentation. This paper looks at one genre of social documentation---the crowdsourced documentation wiki---and explores how author support guides on these wikis are constructed. Ultimately, the paper argues that author support guides can be reconceptualized as documentation, and consequently that documentation design theories can be used to improve the construction of these guides. The paper concludes by showing how minimalist documentation design theory can improve the way we support amateur authors on these wikis.
Early hospital readmission is a predictor of one-year mortality in community-dwelling older Medicare beneficiaries.

BACKGROUND Hospital readmission within thirty days is common among Medicare beneficiaries, but the relationship between rehospitalization and subsequent mortality in older adults is not known.
Multi-channel Doppler backscattering measurements in the C-2 field reversed configurationa)

A versatile heterodyne Doppler Backscattering (DBS) system is used to measure density fluctuation levels (in the wavenumber range kρs ≤ 50), and the toroidal E × B flow velocity in the C-2 Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC). Six tunable frequencies in three waveguide bands (26 GHz ≤ f ≤ 90 GHz) are launched using monostatic beam optics, via a quasi-optical beam combiner/polarizer and an adjustable parabolic focusing mirror (inside the vacuum enclosure) achieving Gaussian beam spot sizes of 3–5.5 cm at the X/O-mode cutoff. The DBS system covers plasma densities of 0.8 × 1013 ≤ ne ≤ 1 × 1014 cm−3, and provides access to the FRC core (up to the field null) and across the FRC separatrix into the scrape-off layer plasma.
A generalist herbivore in a specialist mode Metabolic, sequestrative, and defensive consequences

Adults of a generalist herbivore, the lubber grasshopper,Romalea guttata, can be converted to functional specialists by feeding them exclusively on catnip,Nepeta cataria. No obvious adverse effects on adult development resulted from this enforced monophagy. Notwithstanding the fact thatR. guttata has had no coevolutionary relationship with this Eurasian mint, it readily sequesters compounds that are identical to or derived from the terpenoid lactones that are characteristic ofN. cataria. R. guttata appears to both biomagnify minor allelochemicals and to sequester metabolites of theNepeta terpenes in its paired defensive glands. The levels of autogenously produced phenolics are not affected by feeding onN. cataria and the defensive secretions of catnip-fed grasshoppers are more repellent to ants than those of wild-fed acridids. Metabolites of theN. cataria monoterpenes are sequestered in the defensive glands when catnip is added to the natural diet ofR. guttata. The ability of a generalist,R. guttata, to facilely bioaccumulate a potpourri of foreign allelochemicals when feeding in a specialist mode is analyzed in terms of its biochemical, physiological, and functional significance. Sequestration is examined as a response to the enteric effronteries represented by the phytochemicals that can be characteristic of the “overload” in a monophagous diet.
The Feminist Supervision Scale: A Rational/Theoretical Approach

This article reports the development and psychometric properties of the Feminist Supervision Scale (FSS), a new scale designed to assess feminist supervision practices in clinical supervision. This...
Stress protein synthesis by crayfish CNS tissue in vitro

Some crustacean axons remain functional for months after injury. This unusual property may require stress proteins synthesized by those neurons or provided to them by glial cells. To begin to explore this hypothesis, we examined the conditions that stimulated stress protein synthesis by crayfish CNS tissue in vitro. Incubation for 1–15 h with arsenite or at temperatures about 15°C higher than the acclimation temperature of 20°C induced transient expression of several stress proteins. The heat stress response was blocked by Actinomycin D, suggesting that synthesis of new mRNA was required. In addition, the major crayfish 66 kD stress protein and its mRNA had sequence identities with the 70 kD stress proteins of mammals. Since the crayfish stress response has much in common with that of other organisms, the unique advantages of the crayfish nervous system can be used to study the impact of stress proteins on glial and neuronal function.
Palmitate increases sphingosine-1-phosphate in C2C12 myotubes via upregulation of sphingosine kinase message and activity

Studies in skeletal muscle demonstrate that elevation of plasma FFAs increases the sphingolipid ceramide. We aimed to determine the impact of FFA oversupply on total sphingolipid profiles in a skeletal muscle model. C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitate (PAL). Lipidomics analysis revealed pleiotropic effects of PAL on cell sphingolipids not limited to ceramides. 13C labeling demonstrated that PAL activated several branches of sphingolipid synthesis by distinct mechanisms. Intriguingly, PAL increased sphingosine-1-phosphate independently of de novo synthesis. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that PAL increased sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) mRNA by approximately 4-fold. This was accompanied by a 2.3-fold increase in sphingosine kinase enzyme activity. This upregulation did not occur upon treatment with oleate, suggesting some level of specificity for PAL. These findings were recapitulated in the diet-induced obesity mouse model, in which high-fat feeding increased SK1 message in skeletal muscle over 2.3-fold. These data suggest that the impact of elevated FFA on sphingolipids reaches beyond ceramides and de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Moreover, these findings identify PAL as a novel regulatory stimulus for SK1.
Regarding 4-pyridoxic acid-5′-phosphate in animal tissue

Abstract To test recent claims that 4-pyridoxic acid-5′-phosphate (PICP) is a previously undetected, major metabolite of vitamin B 6 in animals (up to 20% of the total vitamin B 6 in liver), we analyzed mouse and rat liver for vitamin B 6 metabolites after injection of 3 H-pyridoxine. Material whose column chromatographic behavior resembled that of PICP standard was detectable in amounts varying from 1.25 to 2.80% of the total radioactive vitamin B 6 in liver. Since PICP is a known photodecomposition product of pyridoxal phosphate, traces of PICP in animal tissue are more reasonably attributable to photodecomposition than to a new pathway of vitamin B 6 degradation.
Design research methods to understand user needs for an etextile knee sleeve

Knee replacement surgery is dramatically increasing in the United States for people over the age of 45 and rehabilitation after surgery is a necessary step for the success of the replacement. Rehabilitation requires regular access to a wide variety of resources and personnel. Currently, there are no self-care tools to enable tracking a patient's rehabilitative progress at home. As such, there is an opportunity to design and develop sensing technology tools to help alleviate the healthcare system and empower people in the knee rehabilitation process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design process for a wearable, home rehabilitation device for knee replacement: an eTextile Knee Sleeve. More specifically, it describes the design research methods undertaken to understand user needs, including expert interviews, rehabilitation observation, and a participatory design workshop, to leverage advancements in technology and the field of eTextiles.
Tensile crazing and shear banding of styrene A: Temperature and rate effects

Tensile yield, flow, and fracture mechanisms in styrene A (SA), a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer rubber-modified styrene A (RMSA) have been studied and characterized into two basic types: tensile crazing and shear banding. Each can be represented by a master curve and equation over ranges of temperature and deformation rates. Each exhibits distinctive activation energy and volume values. Tensile crazing predominates in unoriented SA below 70°C, and in RMSA. Shear yielding predominates in oriented SA.
A metastable van der waals gel: transitioning from weak to strong attractions.

Here we describe a method to create gels where the gel point is decoupled from gel elastic properties. Working with charge stabilized polystyrene latex particles with diameters, D, of 508−625 nm at ionic strengths of 0.1−1 M, the gel volume fraction is varied from 0.10−0.35 through the addition of less than monolayer coverage of hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C6E12). At each surfactant concentration, the gel volume fraction depends on the background ionic strength. The changes in gel point with surfactant concentration suggest the strength of interparticle attraction decreases with increasing surfactant concentration. These changes are not reflected in the gel moduli, which are independent of surfactant concentration and ionic strength. We propose a model to describe this behavior based on gelation due to localization in a shallow truncated van der Waals minimum produced by the surfactant acting as a steric stabilizing layer. The surfactant remains mobile on the surface. Below the gel volume fract...
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determinations of Sulfonamides by Ionic Suppression

Abstract A high pressure liquid chromatography procedure is reported for extraction and quantitation of 8 sulfonamides in stock solutions and in vitro plasma samples. This assay consists of a single, one-step extraction of sulfonamides from plasma and is sensitive to 10.0 ng/ml at 254 nm without additional concentration of the sample. Four sulfonamides (sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole) were separated from the plasma matrix by either mobile phase regardless of pH. The sulfonamides with the highest pKa, sulfanilamide (10.5) and sulfaguanidine (11.3), were only separable from plasma in a 50% water/50% methanol mobile phase at pH 7.45. The sulfonamide with the lowest pKa, sulfisoxazole (4.9), and its metabolite, acetylsulfisoxazole (N4), were separated from plasma by either mobile phase, 50/50 or 60/40 water/methanol, when acetate buffer reduced the pH to 4.00. Standard concentration curves of peak height were the most sensitive at 254 nm when a 60% water/40% methanol mobile pha...
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Compressed Air Energy Storage Facility Exporting Compression Heat to an External Heat Load

Fluctuations of electric load call for flexible generation technologies such as gas turbines. Alternatively, bulk energy storage (BES) facilities can store excess off-peak electricity to generate valuable peaking electricity. Interest in electricity storage has increased in the past decade in anticipation of higher penetration levels of intermittent renewable sources such as wind. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is one of the most promising BES technologies due to the large amount of energy (hundreds of MWh) that can be economically stored. CAES uses off-peak electricity to compress air into underground reservoirs. Air is combusted and expanded at a later time to regenerate electricity. One of the downsides of CAES is the large energy losses incurred in the form of waste compression heat. Distributed CAES (D-CAES) has been proposed in order to improve the roundtrip efficiency of CAES by utilizing the compression heat for space and water heating. The compressor of D-CAES is located near a heat load (e.g. a shopping mall) and the compression heat is recovered to meet this external load. D-CAES collects fuel credits equal to the negated heating fuel, leading to a higher overall efficiency compared to conventional CAES. We perform a thermodynamic analysis of conventional CAES and D-CAES to compare their heat rate, work ratio (electric energy stored per unit of electric energy regenerated), and exergy efficiency.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Spin-offs in the Lodging Industry

ABSTRACT Many lodging companies now find themselves in a challenging position. They are finding it more difficult to attract capital as the industry's growth begins to stabilize due to the inherent cycles and the onset of supply growth. Companies seeking growth and access to public financing must confront questions regarding the best structure as the marketplace changes. Many hotel companies are hybrid enterprises, functioning as operating companies and heavy investors in real estate. The two sides of the business have different risk and potential growth profiles. Specialization achieved through spin-offs may lead to higher growth, better access to capital markets, and improvements in shareholder value. Other research has found a positive stock price reaction to the announcement of spin-offs for the overall market. This paper analyzes whether the financial market perceives spin-offs in the lodging industry as creating additional value. These results will assist lodging managers as they make decisions conc...
Comparison of high-resolution echo-planar spectroscopic imaging with conventional MR imaging of prostate tumors in mice

High spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI of rodent tumors has previously been performed using conventional spectroscopic imaging to obtain images with improved contrast and anatomic detail. The work described here evaluates the use of much faster echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) to acquire HiSS data from rodent tumor models of prostate cancer. A high-resolution EPSI pulse sequence was implemented on a 4.7 T Bruker scanner. Three-dimensional EPSI data were Fourier-transformed along the k-space and temporal (free-induction decay) axes to produce detailed water and fat spectra associated with each small image voxel. The data were used to generate images of spectral parameters, e.g. peak-height images for each small voxel. Two variants of EPSI were performed; gradient-echo or spin-echo excitation with EPSI readout. These imaging methods were tested in commonly used rodent prostate cancers, including seven mice implanted with non-metastatic AT2.1 (n = 3) and metastatic AT3.1 (n = 4) prostate tumors on the hind leg, and 10 mice implanted with LNCaP prostate cancers in situ. The peak-height images derived from EPSI datasets provide more detailed tumor anatomy, improved signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios compared with the gradient-echo or spin-echo images at all echo times. The results suggest that HiSS MRI data from small animal models of prostate cancer can be acquired using EPSI, and that this approach improves imaging of heterogeneous tissue and vascular environments inside the tumors compared with conventional MR techniques. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CYP4F2 IS A VITAMIN K1 OXIDASE: AN EXPLANATION FOR ALTERED WARFARIN DOSE IN CARRIERS OF THE V433M VARIANT

Genetic polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9, genes controlling vitamin K1 (VK1) epoxide reduction and (S)-warfarin metabolism, respectively, are major contributors to interindividual variability in warfarin dose. The V433M polymorphism (rs2108622) in CYP4F2 has also been associated with warfarin dose and speculatively linked to altered VK1 metabolism. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the role of CYP4F2 and the V433M polymorphism in the metabolism of VK1 by human liver. In vitro metabolic experiments with accompanying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that recombinant CYP4F2 (Supersomes) and human liver microsomes supplemented with NADPH converted VK1 to a single product. A screen of all commercially available P450 Supersomes showed that only CYP4F2 was capable of metabolizing VK1 to this product. Steady-state kinetic analysis with recombinant CYP4F2 and with human liver microsomes revealed a substrate Km of 8 to 10 μM. Moreover, anti-CYP4F2 IgG, as well as several CYP4F2-selective chemical inhibitors, substantially attenuated the microsomal reaction. Finally, human liver microsomes genotyped for rs2108622 demonstrated reduced vitamin K1 oxidation and lower CYP4F2 protein concentrations in carriers of the 433M minor allele. These data demonstrate that CYP4F2 is a vitamin K1 oxidase and that carriers of the CYP4F2 V433M allele have a reduced capacity to metabolize VK1, secondary to an rs2108622-dependent decrease in steady-state hepatic concentrations of the enzyme. Therefore, patients with the rs2108622 polymorphism are likely to have elevated hepatic levels of VK1, necessitating a higher warfarin dose to elicit the same anticoagulant response.
Role-Model Influence: Effects of Sex and Sex-Role Attitude in College Students

College students, evenly divided by sex, rated the degree of influence of six or eight people on choice of a college and a career. Sex-role attitude was also assessed. In the first of two experiments, the sexes showed different patterns of influence as did the sex-role attitude groupings. Experiment 2, using only college seniors and matching the sexes on the attitude scale, again found that females were more influenced by female models in their choice of career than were males. However, no effect of sex-role attitude appeared. In neither experiment was there a main effect of sex on the choices. Results were discussed in terms of the particular importance of female models for female students.
Ontogeny of bone strain: the zygomatic arch in pigs

SUMMARY At the time of weaning, infant animals have little experience with hard food, and thus their skulls are not likely to be epigenetically adapted for the loads imposed by mastication. We examined bone strain in the zygomatic arch of 4-week-old weanling piglets. Functional strains in piglets differed from those previously reported for older pigs in that the squamosal bone was not bent in the horizontal plane and the principal tensile strain on the zygomatic bone did not correspond to the direction of masseter muscle pull. Strain patterns were more variable in piglets than in older pigs. In older pigs, masticatory strains can be reproduced by stimulating the masseter muscles. When the piglet masseter was stimulated, strain patterns were more similar to those of older pigs, but shear strain magnitudes were the largest yet recorded from mammalian skull bones, up to 4000 μϵ. To put these findings in the context of skeletal adaptation, 45 dry skulls, including some animals from the strain study, were measured. Reduced major axis regressions indicated that the infant arch was rounder in cross section and straighter than that of older animals. With growth, the arch became dorsoventrally higher, while mediolateral thickness decreased in the squamosal bone. Overall, these changes should make strain more predictable, explaining the lower variability in older animals. Other factors likely to be important in causing unique strain regimes in piglets include (1) unfamiliarity with hard food, (2) greater importance of muscles other than the same-side masseter and (3) greater proximity of molariform teeth to the arch. Collectively, these data indicate that the skeleton is not pre-adapted for specific functional loads.
Health Care for American Indian Elders: An Overview of Cultural Influences and Policy Issues

Changing demography (people living longer and large cohorts aging) is a global phenomenon. American Indians are among the transitional groups with the proportion of elderly expected to double in the next 50 years. The excess burden of illness and health-status disparities between American Indians and the general population are well documented and have consequences affecting health status and functional abilities of American Indians. Health problems and functional limitations intensify the need for home- or community-based long-term-care services among older American Indians. Important considerations in providing these services include understanding historical and cultural influences on their family life, role expectations across generations, and aging as part of human development in contemporary life. In addition, poverty and changing federal policies influence how elders view health and health care delivery on reservations. This article provides an overview of the cultural influences and policy issues re...
CANINE HIP DYSPLASIA EVALUATION: A Positioning and Labeling Guide for Radiographs to be Submitted to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals

The ventrodorsal radiograph of the pelvis and femurs with the hind limbs extended, femurs parallel to each other, patellae superimposed over the distal femurs, and the pelvis symmetrical has become the standard method by which to evaluate animals for hip dysplasia. The following illustrated guide details the methods of positioning recommended by the American Veterinary Medical Association1 and used by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA). Additionally, some commonly encountered positioning errors and methods of labeling radiographs are shown. The authors stress positioning requirements and aids they feel are necessary to produce an adequately positioned radiograph.
The influence of Christian doctrine and exegesis on Old English poetry: an estimate of the current state of scholarship

Although it is a commonplace of history that Anglo-Saxon England was receptive to Christianity and to Christian-Latin culture and that English churchmen such as Aldhelm, Bede and Alcuin made an important contribution to that culture, it is only in recent years that scholars have explored and emphasized the importance of Christian tradition to the understanding of Old English poetry, especially those poems without explicit Christian content. Increased investigation of Old English prose, which is largely Christian, and the well-known work on Beowulf by Frederick Klaeber, Marie Padgett Hamilton, Dorothy Whitelock and others, seems to have redirected ‘the search for Anglo-Saxon paganism‘ into a search – sometimes opposed – for reflections of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon poetry. While in some quarters this critical and scholarly attention has been confined to the influence of Christian doctrine, ritual and interpretation of the bible, in others it has taken into account the broader cultural influences of the church, especially its transmission of the literature and learning of pagan antiquity.
Another dimension to explicating relationships: measuring inter-organizational linkages

Abstract This paper introduces network analysis as a way to theorize about another dimension of relationships: inter-organizational relationships. Through a case study of inter-organizational relationships in the civil society movement in Croatia, this paper outlines the various ways public relations serves a relationship building function. Through the use of network analysis, we propose a model of how organizations should work together to successfully achieve their common goal to build and maintain civil society. The model proposes a public relations approach to understanding inter-organizational relationships in civil society.
An Incremental Procedure for Improving Path Assignment in a Telecommunications Network

A fundamental problem in the design and management of a telecommunications network is that of determining an optimal routing pattern for a given set of origin-destination demand pairs. In addition, reliability considerations may require provisioning a set of backup paths to protect the working traffic against network failures. In the literature, the problem of finding an optimal routing for a network with fixed link capacities and a list of point-to-point demands (origin-destination pairs), each with a set of candidate routing paths has been referred to as the path-assignment problem. There are three versions of this problem that correspond to the type of network protection required (no protection, dedicated protection, and shared protection). The solution to those models can be used to determine an initial design for a new network. Over time, however, changes in the demand pattern and/or upgrades to the network equipment may create a situation in which the working and/or backup paths are sub-optimal. For network managers who are reluctant to make wholesale changes to an established and reliable routing assignment, a complete modification to obtain an optimal assignment that uses fewer network resources is viewed as highly risky. This investigation presents a new procedure to take a given feasible, but sub-optimal design and improve it by making a series of incremental improvements each of which only changes a small number of path assignments. Network managers view this strategy as much less risky since only a few customers are affected by any one change. Test cases that require no protection, dedicated protection, and shared protection were examined in an empirical analysis. For all cases, near-optimal solutions were achieved irrespective of the quality of the given sub-optimal starting solutions.
Beyond family-friendly: The construct and measurement of singles-friendly work culture

Although research has examined work-family issues and organizational support for employees’ family responsibilities, few studies have explored the work-life issues of single employees without children. The current study examines single employees’ perceptions of how their organizations support their work-life balance in comparison to employees with families. A multi-dimensional scale is developed assessing Wve dimensions of singles-friendly culture: social inclusion, equal work opportunities, equal access to beneWts, equal respect for nonwork life, and equal work expectations. Employees with families perceived more equity in most of these facets than did singles. Managerial and professional employees with higher incomes also perceived their organizations as more singlesfriendly. Finally, social inclusion predicted organizational commitment for single employees, and this eVect was mediated by perceived organizational support. In contrast, more equal work opportunities were related to lower turnover intentions among childfree singles.
Cumulative Radiation Dose From Medical Imaging Procedures in Patients Undergoing Resection for Lung Cancer

Background Radiation dose from diagnostic imaging procedures is not monitored in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer. Evidence suggests an increased lifetime risk of malignancy of 1.0% per 100 millisieverts (mSv). As such, recommendations are to restrict healthcare and radiation workers to a maximum dose of 50 mSv per year or to 100 mSv over a three-year period. The purpose of this study was to estimate cumulative effective doses of radiation in patients undergoing lung cancer resection and to determine predictors of increased exposure. Methods We identified 94 consecutive patients undergoing resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Radiologic procedures performed from one year prior to resection until two years postresection were recorded. Estimates of effective doses (mSv) were obtained from published literature and institutional records. Predictors of dose greater than 50 mSv per year and greater than 100 mSv per three years were examined statistically. Results The majority of patients (median age=67 years) had stage IA cancer (52%). In the three-year period, patients had 1,958 radiologic studies (20.8/patient) including 398 computed tomographic (CT) scans (4.23/patient) and 211 positron emission tomography (PET) scans (2.24 per patient). The three-year median estimated radiation dose was 84.0 mSv (interquartile range, 44.1 to 123.2 mSv). The highest dose was in the preoperative year. In any one year, 66% of patients received more than 50 mSv, while 19% received over 100 mSv. Over the three-year period, 43.6% of patients exceeded 100 mSv. The majority of the radiation (89.8%) was from CT or PET scans. On multivariate analysis, a history of previous malignancy (odds ratio [OR] 3.8; confidence interval [CI] 1.14 to 12.7), postoperative complications (OR 6.16; CI 1.42 to 26.6), and postoperative surveillance with PET-CT (OR 13.2; CI 4.34 to 40.3) predicted exposure greater than 100 mSv over the three-year period. Conclusions This study demonstrates that lung cancer patients often receive a higher dose of radiation than that considered safe for healthcare and radiation workers. The median cumulative dose reported in this study could potentially increase the individual estimated lifetime cancer risk by as much as 0.8%. Although risk-benefit considerations are clearly different between these groups, strategies should be in place to decrease radiation doses during the preoperative workup and postoperative period.
Parental Psychopathology, Age, and Race as Related to Electrodermal Activity of Children

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether parental psychopathology, age, and race affected electrodermal activity (EDA) and to examine relationships between psychopathology and EDA. Children of hospitalized schizophrenic, manic-depressive, physically ill, and non-ill (non-hospitalized) parents were compared on five factors of EDA and one of body movement. The factors were derived from EDA and movement artifact data recorded during a habituation-conditioning paradigm. Results indicated that parental illness (mental or physical) was not related to EDA, but children of psychotics had more movement during the experimental session than control children. Younger children showed greater responsiveness and more movement than older children. White children had more nonspecific activity than did black children. Significant but low correlations were found between EDA and pathology ratings made on the basis of psychiatric and psychological examinations. If both are prodromal signs of psychiatric illness, then at least within this age range, they appear to be quite different measures of predisposition to psychiatric disorder.
Breathing easy: a prospective study of optimism and pulmonary function in the normative aging study.

Although there is good evidence that emotions are associated with chronic airways obstruction, evidence for the influence of psychological factors on the level and decline of pulmonary function is sparse. Optimism has been linked to enhanced well-being, whereas pessimism has been identified as a risk factor for poor physical health. This investigation examines prospectively the effects of optimism versus pessimism on pulmonary function. Data are from the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study, an ongoing cohort of older men. In 1986, 670 men completed the revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory from which we derived the bipolar Revised Optimism-Pessimism Scale. During an average of 8 years of follow-up, an average of 3 pulmonary function exams were obtained. Men with a more optimistic explanatory style had significantly higher levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (both p > .01). Interactions between time and optimism suggested that rate of decline in FEV1 over time was slower in men with a more optimistic explanatory style relative to men who were more pessimistic. These data are the first to link optimism with higher levels of pulmonary function and slower rate of pulmonary function decline in older men, a protective effect that is independent of smoking.
Abstract 69: Characterization of the Role of Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase-3 in Intestinal Lipid Absorption

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT) catalyze the first step in the synthesis of glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. Microsomal GPAT, the major GPAT activity, is encoded by at least two closely related genes, GPAT3 and GPAT4 (also known as AGPAT9 and 8, respectively). The physiological role of GPAT3 is poorly understood. GPAT3 mRNA was found to be abundantly expressed in small intestine which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The GPAT3 protein was highly enriched in enterocytes suggesting a potential role in intestinal lipid absorption. To further investigate this possibility, we generated Gpat3-deficient mice (Gpat3-/-). The Gpat3-/- mice were viable and fertile, and exhibited no obvious metabolic abnormalities on standard laboratory chow. As expected, Gpat3-/- mice had reduced intestinal GPAT activity compared to wild-type animals and when challenged with an oral lipid bolus, Gpat3-/- mice displayed attenuated plasma triglyceride excursion. Histological and biochemical analysis of the small intestine revealed dramatically increased lipid deposition in the intestinal mucosa of Gpat3-/- mice. Long chain acylcarnitine levels were elevated in the jejunum of Gpat3-/- suggesting a compensatory increase in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Lipid flux studies performed in primary cultures of enterocytes derived from wild-type and Gpat3-/- mice reveal a defect in triacylglycerol trafficking suggesting a role for GPAT3 in the post-prandial secretion of lipid in the intestine. Finally, gene expression analysis revealed dysregulation of multiple genes involved in lipid absorption, chylomicron assembly, and secretion. Taken together, our results demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated role for GPAT3 in lipid absorption.
Impact of early postoperative platelet count on volumetric liver gain and perioperative outcomes after major liver resection

Background Although perioperative platelet count has been associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality, its impact on liver regeneration has not been examined directly. This study sought to determine the impact of platelet count on liver regeneration after major liver resection using cross-sectional imaging volumetric assessment. Methods Patients who underwent major liver resection between 2004 and 2015 and had available data on immediate postoperative platelet count, as well as preoperative and postoperative CT images, were identified retrospectively. Resected liver volume was subtracted from total liver volume (TLV) to define postoperative remnant liver volume (RLVp). The liver regeneration index was defined as the relative increase in liver volume within 2 months ((RLV2m – RLVp)/RLVp, where RLV2m is the remnant liver volume around 2 months after surgery). The association between platelet count, liver regeneration and outcomes was assessed. Results A total of 99 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 25 patients (25 per cent) had a low platelet count (less than 150 × 109/l), whereas 74 had a normal–high platelet count (at least 150 × 109/l). Despite having comparable clinicopathological characteristics and RLVp/TLV at surgery (P = 0·903), the relative increase in liver volume within 2 months was considerably lower in the low-platelet group (3·9 versus 16·5 per cent; P = 0·043). Patients with a low platelet count had an increased risk of postoperative complications (72 versus 38 per cent; P = 0·003), longer hospital stay (8 versus 6 days; P = 0·004) and worse median overall survival (24·5 versus 67·3 months; P = 0·005) than those with a normal or high platelet count. Conclusion After major liver resection, a low postoperative platelet count was associated with inhibited liver regeneration, as well as worse short- and long-term outcomes. Immediate postoperative platelet count may be an early indicator to identify patients at increased risk of worse outcomes.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Cryptic Diversity in the Plethodontidae

Although knowledge of the existence of cryptic species dates back hundreds of years, the true extent of cryptic diversity was not discernible until the development of modern molecular techniques. Both homoplasy and morphological conservatism—patterns which result in cryptic taxa—are rampant within the Plethodontidae, the largest salamander family and a taxon rich in cryptic lineages. The first cryptic species of plethodontid, Plethodon websteri, was described in 1979, and the discovery of new cryptic lineages has now become commonplace. Their taxonomic recognition, however, has been controversial, not a surprising result given the differences in methodology—or in the idea of what defines a species—that exist among researchers. Two radiations pinpoint the variation in forces that may drive speciation and the development of cryptic lineages. The Plethodon glutinosus complex represents a non-adaptive radiation characterized by largely parapatric, niche-conserved species. The Desmognathus quadramaculatus comp...
Prediction of Bone Marrow Iron Findings from Tests Performed on Peripheral Blood

After evaluating multiple tests, the authors have devised a scheme to predict bone marrow iron findings from tests performed on peripheral blood. They examined bone marrows from 97 consecutive patients with anemia who were divided into five marrow morphologic groups: (1) iron deficiency; (2) anemia of chronic disease; (3) abnormal sideroblasts; (4) ring sideroblasts; and (5) other. Tests of peripheral blood included hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count and red blood cell indices, reticulocyte count, sedimentation rate or zetacrit, ferritin, iron, iron binding capacity, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and tests of hepatic and renal function. Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, and logistic discriminant analysis were used to derive a graph of serum ferritin with the sedimentation rate, allowing accurate confirmation or exclusion of iron deficiency in most patients. Percent saturation of serum transferrin and serum ferritin allowed identification of only 50 percent of patients with abnormal or ring sideroblasts while excluding 100 percent of patients without abnormal or ring sideroblasts. In three years of follow-up, two of 19 patients with abnormal or ring sideroblast have developed the dysmyelopoietic syndrome or ANLL, respectively. With the aid of the two parameter graphs described, the authors believe the differential diagnosis of the hypoproliferative anemias relating to iron metabolism can frequently be made without examination of the bone marrow.
An experimental study of the effect of offset on thick boundary layers flowing inside diffusing ducts

A fundamental experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of centerline offset on the development of thick boundary layers being ingested into diffusing inlets. The two ducts considered in this study retained the same diffusion path and ratio as well as the same physical scale, but one had a semi-circular crosssection with no offset while the other varied in crosssectional shape from a semi-circle at the throat to a circle at the exit with a S-shaped centerline offset. The boundary layers developed in the wind tunnel had a thickness roughly one-third the duct throat height, and were varied in shape factor from that of a flat plate boundary layer to that of a boundary layer that had gone through adverse pressure gradients or shock waves before ingestion. A pitot-static probe and a hot wire anemometer were used to collect the boundary layer velocity profile and turbulence data at three stations inside the ducts from the throat to the exit, as well as at a chosen onset station upstream of the throat. Surface static pressure measurements were also taken along each of the two ducts to monitor the pressure gradients actually imposed on the boundary layer. Despite the identical cross-section area size distribution from the throat to the exit of the two ducts, it was discovered that the surface pressure gradients of the two ducts were strikingly different. The offset had a very strong effect on the flow which not only altered the actual pressure gradients inside the duct from the designed state, but also extended upstream of the throat to affect the development of the boundary layer before being ingested into the duct. While the straight duct displayed no flow separation for a wide range of operating conditions, the sharp pressure gradients resulting from the offset caused separation inside the S-duct. The presence of the offset also generated strong secondary flows that accumulated the boundary layer to the inside of the *. Graduate Student, Department of Aerospace Engineering, AIAA Student Member. 7. Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, AIAA :. Associate Fellow. $. Adjunct Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, AIAA Fellow. Copyright
Quantum non-demolition measurement through cavity QED in the strong-coupling regime

We theoretically study photon-photon interactions mediated by a cavity-atom system in the strong-coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), which may be harnessed for quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements.