cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
cJun and CREB2 in the Postsynaptic Neuron Contribute to Persistent Long-Term Facilitation at a Behaviorally Relevant Synapse

Basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors regulate gene expression critical for long-term synaptic plasticity or neuronal excitability contributing to learning and memory. At sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia, changes in activation or expression of CREB1 and CREB2 in sensory neurons are required for long-term synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown whether concomitant stimulus-induced changes in expression and activation of bZIP transcription factors in the postsynaptic motor neuron also contribute to persistent long-term facilitation (P-LTF). We overexpressed various forms of CREB1, CREB2, or cJun in the postsynaptic motor neuron L7 in cell culture to examine whether these factors contribute to P-LTF. P-LTF is evoked by 2 consecutive days of 5-HT applications (2 5-HT), while a transient form of LTF is produced by 1 day of 5-HT applications (1 5-HT). Significant increases in the expression of both cJun and CREB2 mRNA in L7 accompany P-LTF. Overexpressing each bZIP factor in L7 did not alter basal synapse strength, while coexpressing cJun and CREB2 in L7 evoked persistent increases in basal synapse strength. In contrast, overexpressing cJun and CREB2 in sensory neurons evoked persistent decreases in basal synapse strength. Overexpressing wild-type cJun or CREB2, but not CREB1, in L7 can replace the second day of 5-HT applications in producing P-LTF. Reducing cJun activity in L7 blocked P-LTF evoked by 2 5-HT. These results suggest that expression and activation of different bZIP factors in both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons contribute to persistent change in synapse strength including stimulus-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity.
A potential mechanism for disturbance-mediated channel migration in a southeastern United States salt marsh

Coastal salt marsh tidal creeks are thought to show less channel adjustment/movement relative to their terrestrial fluvial counterparts. We propose a mechanism for disturbance-mediated bank failure that may allow/initiate channel migration in these otherwise stable systems. The stability of tidal creeks is promoted by the extensive vegetation root structure along the banks. However, wrack mats (i.e., dead vegetation) deposited on creek banks can cause the death of below-ground vegetation leading to bare, unstable banks that may slump into the channel. We measured the frequency of bank failures associated with wrack-disturbed sites along three creeks on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA to determine whether these sites were vulnerable to erosion. Approximately 81% of the disturbed sites showed signs of bank failure. Therefore, wrack-induced bank failure may potentially lead to channel migration in creeks previously believed to be static landscape features.
Addition of lenalidomide to rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (RICER) in first-relapse/primary refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with a poor prognosis. Outcomes are particularly poor following immunochemotherapy failure or relapse within 12 months of induction. We conducted a Phase I/II trial of lenalidomide plus RICE (rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) (RICER) as a salvage regimen for first-relapse or primary refractory DLBCL. Dose-escalated lenalidomide was combined with RICE every 14 d. After three cycles of RICER, patients with chemosensitive disease underwent stem cell collection and consolidation with BEAM [BCNU (carmustine), etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan] followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT). Patients who recovered from autoSCT toxicities within 90 d initiated maintenance treatment with lenalidomide 25 mg daily for 21 d every 28 d for 12 months. No dose-limiting or unexpected toxicities occurred with lenalidomide 25 mg plus RICE. Grade 3/4 haematological toxicities resolved appropriately, and planned dose density and dose intensity of RICER were preserved. No lenalidomide or RICE dose reductions were required in any of the three cycles. After two cycles of RICER, nine of 15 patients (60%) achieved a complete response, and two achieved a partial response (13%). Combining lenalidomide with RICE is feasible, and results in promising response rates (particularly complete response rates) in high-risk DLBCL patients.
The dynamic line allocation problem

Consider a plant that has information about the arrival schedule of its "inputs" over a planning cycle. The plant has parallel production lines for processing multiple types of products. However, changeover cost and changeover time are incurred when a line changes from processing one type of products to a different type of products. We present a dynamic line allocation problem that determines an optimal line allocation so that the total relevant cost changeover and waiting costs is minimized. In this paper we analyze the complexity of the problem and develop three different heuristics for generating near-optimal allocations.
Seasonal and interannual variations of total evaporation and their relations with precipitation, net radiation, and net carbon accumulation for the Gediz basin area

A model combining the rate of carbon assimilation with water and energy balance equations has been run using satellite and ancillary data for a period of 60 months (January 1986 to December 1990). Calculations for the Gediz basin area give mean annual evaporation as 395 mm, which is composed of 45% transpiration, 42% soil evaporation and 13% interception. The coefficient of interannual variation of evaporation is found to be 6%, while that for precipitation and net radiation are, respectively, 16% and 2%, illustrating that net radiation has an important effect in modulating interannual variation of evaporation. The mean annual water use efficiency (i.e., the ratio of net carbon accumulation and total evaporation) is ca. 1 g/sq m/mm, and has a coefficient of interannual variation of 5%. A comparison of the mean water use efficiency with field observations suggests that evaporation over the area is utilized well for biomass production. The reference crop evaporation for irrigated areas has annual mean and coefficient of variation as, respectively, 1176 mm and 3%. The total evaporation during three summer months of peak evaporation (June-August) is estimated to be about 575 mm for irrigated crops like maize and cotton. Seasonal variations of the fluxes are presented.
Parental Socialization and Community Context: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Structural Sources of Low Self-Control

Several empirical studies have attempted to estimate the effect of low self-control on criminal and “analogous” behaviors. Most of these studies have shown that low self-control is an important feature of the cause(s) of crime. Although research is beginning to emerge that targets more specifically the “roots” of self-control via parental socialization (the most salient factor in the development of self-control according to Hirschi and Gottfredson), researchers have yet to explore the degree to which the structural characteristics of communities may influence patterns of parental socialization and, in turn, individual levels of self-control. To address this question, the authors employ longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine community-level influences on parental socialization and self-control. The results indicate (1) self-control was predicted both cross-sectionally and longitudinally by both parental socialization and adverse neighborhood conditions, (2) the t...
Enhanced Expression of the Inhibitory Protein Gi2α and Decreased Activity of Adenylyl Cyclase in Lymphocytes of Abstinent Alcoholics

Ethanol exposure alters signal transduction through the adenylyl cyclase (AC) system. To elucidate the basis for this effect, we investigated the AC system in peripheral lymphocytes from abstinent alcoholic men (n = 22), actively drinking alcoholic men (n = 41), and nonalcoholic control men (n = 16). Immunoblot analysis of lymphocyte membranes from abstinent alcoholics demonstrated a 3.0-fold increase in the level of Gi2 alpha protein (p < 0.05) compared with controls. However, levels of Gs alpha protein were similar in both groups. Abstinent alcoholics had a 2.9-fold increase in Gi2 alpha mRNA (p < 0.001) and a 2.7-fold increase in Gs alpha mRNA (p < 0.03) compared with lymphocytes from control subjects. Actively drinking alcoholics, in contrast, had unaltered Gs alpha protein, Gi2 alpha protein, and Gi2 alpha mRNA levels compared with control subjects, but did have a 1.8-fold increase (p < 0.01) in Gs alpha mRNA. Consistent with enhanced Gi2 alpha expression, lymphocyte membranes from abstinent alcoholics had decreased basal, prostaglandin E1-, guanosine 5'-0-(3-thiotriphosphate)-gamma S-, and forskolin-stimulated AC activity compared with both controls and actively drinking alcoholics (p < 0.05). We conclude that lymphocyte AC is reduced during abstinence from alcohol and enhanced expression of the inhibitory G-protein, Gi2 alpha, may account for this change.
Occupational exposures to solvents and aluminium and estimated risk of Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVES: To study the role of occupational exposures to solvents and aluminium in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An industrial hygienist rated exposure. METHODS: 89 subjects diagnosed with probable AD were matched by age, sex, and type of informant to 89 controls. Subjects were identified from a large health maintenance organisation in Seattle, WA. A complete occupational history was obtained from spouses of cases and controls as well as from controls themselves. After the interview an industrial hygienist, blinded to case-control status, rated exposures. RESULTS: Non-significant associations were found between AD and ever having been occupationally exposed to solvents (odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.81 to 3.90) and aluminium (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.62 to 3.42). Although an increasing risk was found with increasing number of years of exposure to solvents, there was an inverse association between exposure intensity and AD, and measures of cumulative exposure taking into account both intensity and duration of exposure were not significant. Analysis of the age at which half the cumulative exposure to solvents was achieved showed that an older age incurred a greater risk of AD than a younger age. However, the total amount of exposure carried no risk. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that lifetime occupational exposure to solvents and aluminium are not likely to be important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
Terrestrial Photovoltaic Performance Reference Conditions

A comprehensive study has examined the rationale behind the selection of key photovoltaic performance reference (reporting) conditions including the standard Air Mass 1.5 solar spectrum and reference irradiance and cell temperature levels. In addition to providing a repeatable reference for performance comparisons, it is shown that the choice of reference conditions directly controls the accuracy of array energy output prediction calculations. Conclusions are drawn relative to the accuracy associated with present reference conditions, and recommendations are made concerning alternative reference conditions with improved accuracy.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Meloxicam and Piroxicam with Ultraviolet Detection

A simple accurate and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of meloxicam and piroxicam concentrations in small volume plasma samples has been developed. Following a liquid extraction using chloroform, samples were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on an XBridge C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm) and quantified using ultraviolet detection at 360 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of water with glacial acetic acid (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (50 : 50), with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The standard curve ranged from 5 to 10,000 ng/mL for meloxicam in bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) plasma and piroxicam in crane (Grus rubicunda) plasma. Intra- and interassay variability for meloxicam and piroxicam were less than 10% and the average recovery was greater than 90% for both drugs. This method was developed in bearded dragon and crane plasma and should be applicable to any species, making it useful for those investigators dealing with small sample volumes, particularly when conducting pharmacokinetics studies which require multiple sampling from the same animal.
Normal Zone Propagation in YBCO Winding Pack Models

This paper presents the results of a study, experimental and simulation, of normal zone propagation (NZP) in winding pack models comprised of several lengths of YBCO tapes, each sandwiched by insulating spacers. A heater strip extending over the entire length of, and placed at the midpoint of, each winding pack model was energized over the entire length to trigger a quench in the middle YBCO tape. In each winding pack model, the YBCO tapes were connected electrically in series in such a way that a transport current through the YBCO tapes zigzagged from the YBCO tape at one side of the winding pack model to that at the other side of the winding pack model. The transverse speed of normal zone propagations through the different insulating spacers were measured by experiments and estimated by simulations.
Simulation study of cyclic-tethered nanocube self-assemblies: effect of tethered nanocube architectures

Self-assembly of functionalized nano building blocks (NBBs) is a promising avenue for 'bottom-up' nanomaterials design. Experimental studies on functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocubes have revealed a wide variety of nanostructures from their assemblies. Our previous simulation studies have reproduced some of these nanostructures and predicted unusual phase behaviours imparted by the unique geometry of the nanocubes and their close packing patterns. Recent experiments further inspire us to explore the effects of tether topologies on functionalized nanocube self-assemblies. We use a simplified model and perform stochastic molecular dynamics simulations to map the morphological phase diagrams of cyclic tethered nanocubes with varying tether topology, tether number, and tether placement. Our results illustrate that the steric influence of the tethers can be manipulated to confer precise control over the self-assembled nanostructures and the phase behaviour. The novel controlling factors investigated in our study suggest new opportunities in controlling functionalized NBB self-assemblies.
Stability Crossing Set for Systems With Three Delays

This article describes the stability crossing set for linear time-delay systems of arbitrary order with three delays. The crossing frequency set, which consists of all frequencies where a pair of zeros of the characteristic quasipolynomial may cross the imaginary axis, is partitioned to Grashof sets and Non-Grashof sets of various types. It was found that the general characteristics of the stability crossing set is completely determined by the partition structure of the crossing frequency set. With the exception of degenerate cases, this article provides a method of explicit and complete parameterization and geometric characterization of the stability crossing set of linear systems with three delays. With the well-known method of finding the crossing directions, this provides a powerful method of finding parameter regions of stable systems. Extension to systems with additional fixed delays is also discussed.
Advances in quantum computing : Nuclear magnetic resonance (non reviewed)

Presently quantum computer seems to be a science fiction, but it will be a reality very soon, as silicon electronics are a staple of the computing industry, but researchers are now exploring other techniques to deliver powerful computers. This poster paper highlights the advances in quantum computing.
Density-dependent resistance to apoptosis in retinal cells.

PURPOSE. To study effects of cell density on retinal cell survival. METHODS. Apoptotic cell death was induced in cultured retinal cells seeded at higher or lower density by various stimuli including simulated ischemia, excitotoxicity and antibody against heat shock protein 27 (hsp27). Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells was performed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique and flow cytometry. Cytoskeleton was examined using immunocytochemistry and specific staining of actin by phalloidin and DNase I. In addition, alterations in the cytoskeletal proteins, bcl-2 family of proteins and hsp27 were studied using western blotting. RESULTS. Incubation of the cells under apoptotic stimuli caused higher rates of apoptosis in lower density cultures as determined by TUNEL technique and flow cytometric analysis. Both morphologic examination of cytoskeleton and western blotting revealed that after incubation with various stressors, degradation of actin and tubulin was...
On lengths of filling closed geodesics of hyperbolic punctured Riemann spheres

Let S be a Riemann sphere with n ≥ 4 points deleted. In this article we investigate certain filling closed geodesics of S and give quantitative common lower bounds for the hyperbolic lengths of those geodesics with respect to any hyperbolic structure on S (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
INTERACTING BOSON MODEL OF COLLECTIVE OCTUPOLE STATES (I). The rotational limit

We discuss the problem of describing low-lying collective negative-parity states within the framework of the interacting boson model. We suggest that a simultaneous description of quadrupole and octupole states in nuclei be done in terms of the group U(16), which includes f- and p-bosons in addition to the usual d- and s-bosons. We analyze the dynamical symmetries associated with the rotational limit of this model and discuss their classical (large-N) analogs. We conclude with a preliminary application of the model to the radium isotopes.
Pressurization of Containment Vessels From Plutonium Oxide Contents

Transportation and storage of plutonium oxide is typically done using a convenience container to hold the oxide powder which is then placed inside a containment vessel. Intermediate containers which act as uncredited confinement barriers may also be used. The containment vessel is subject to an internal pressure due to several sources including; (1) plutonium oxide provides a heat source which raises the temperature of the gas space, (2) helium generation due to alpha decay of the plutonium, (3) hydrogen generation due to radiolysis of the water which has been adsorbed onto the plutonium oxide, and (4) degradation of plastic bags which may be used to bag out the convenience can from a glove box. The contributions of these sources are evaluated in a reasonably conservative manner.
The Archival Setting and People with Disabilities: A Legal Analysis

Legal rules and regulations, with increasing regularity, determine how we operate our institutions. The Americans with Disabilities Act illustrates this point well. It has affected archives in several ways, and will continue to do so. The act influences archival employment practices and will assuredly influence the nature and quality of service made available to patrons with disabilities. This article explores, in general terms, the relevance of the Americans with Disabilities Act to the archival setting.
Trauma, Creativity, and Unconscious Confessions: The Lost Childhood History Behind L. Frank Baum's the Wonderful Wizard of Oz

In this paper, the author applies Alice Miller's psycho-existentialism to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, so that he could explore why Lyman Frank Baum wrote what has become a cultural icon. In The Body Never Lies, Miller argued that although children have repressed their traumatic maltreatment, their bodies will always retain memories not of the social morality that parents teach children so that they can rationalize their suffering, but of the actual, physical and emotional trauma caused by parental maltreatment. And so despite the repression, Miller argued that adult children need to express their childhood trauma, and they often do so through artistic and creative pursuits, which reveal symbolically their childhood maltreatment. After applying Miller's framework, the author concludes that more than likely Lyman Frank Baum was maltreated by his mother and father, which gets revealed symbolically through Oz's characters, plot, action, and resolution.
The Nature of Properties: Causal Essentialism and Quidditism

Properties seem to play an important role in causal relations. But philosophers disagree over whether or not properties play their causal or nomic roles essentially. Causal essentialists say that they do, while quidditists deny it. This article surveys these two views, as well as views that try to find a middle ground.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: VII. Benjamin Rush: A Political and Historical Study of the “Father of American Psychiatry”:

This historical study of Benjamin Rush, an early American psychiatric reformer, includes his political interests and influence and how these affected his social reform work. To understand more full...
An Evaluation Framework for Budget Reforms: A Guide for Assessing Public Budget Systems and Selecting Budget Process Reforms

ABSTRACTWhile new tax proposals are evaluated with reference to formal evaluation criteria, no such standards exist for evaluating budget proposals. We propose an analytic framework to assess budgets across a series of dimensions, including whether it instills aggregate fiscal discipline, facilitates strategic prioritization of expenditures, and encourages effective and efficient use of budgeted resources, offering fiscal stability. The process also may be transparent, timely, and support public awareness and participation. We use this framework to evaluate the US budget, considering both areas of systematic inefficiency, while reviewing the history of budget reforms. We examine recent, frequently offered proposals that target specific budget process goals, considering how each affects all the budgeting goals, including interactions. We consider how a potential reform, aimed at addressing the failure to accomplish one normative goal, may impacts other goals, sometimes to the point of undermining overall p...
Large-scale cave fractured reservoir model and the research of its Solutions

In this paper,we found Large-scale cave and shaft connected Test partial differential equation model,and obtain its analytical solution by orthogonal transformation method
Fetal and neonatal pharmacology.

A brief summary of recent knowledge concerning drug disposition in the fetus and the newborn infant.
An Update on Combination Treatments with Fractional Resurfacing Lasers

This article serves to review the newest combination approaches of fractionated resurfacing lasers with other treatment modalities and highlights our clinical pearls. Combination therapies with fractionated lasers include treatments with transdermal drug delivery, radiofrequency, light-based devices, photodynamic therapy, and transdermal acoustic pressure. Fractional resurfacing lasers revolutionized the laser skin resurfacing surgery by offering similar clinical outcomes to ablative lasers with fewer side effects and less post-treatment downtime. Fractionated lasers are the pillar of skin resurfacing treatments for photodamaged skin such as rhytides, lentigines, and dermal elastosis, actinic damage, and other dermatologic conditions, including acne, rosacea, and scars.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica After Influenza Vaccine

Influenza is an acute upper respiratory tract infection that occurs in epidemics almost every year, and is caused by influenza A and B viruses. It can cause serious complications including death especially in older adults and individuals with underlying health problems. Influenza vaccination is a very effective way of preventing influenza and is recommended by CDC. The common side effects of the vaccine vary from mild injection site reactions, to rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, headache and sore throat. On the other hand, there have been very rare reports of Guillain-Barre’s syndrome and also some cases of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) after influenza vaccine. Our patient, an 86-year-old female, presented with bilateral shoulder and hip pain, and stiffness 2 weeks after she received her influenza vaccine, and both the patient and family were very adamant and upset that the problem was caused by the vaccination. Patient’s erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were elevated, a clinical diagnosis of PMR was made, and she was started on steroids to which she had a dramatic response. While we strongly recommend the administration of influenza vaccination, we also want to create awareness among the clinicians of this possibility, and proper education of the patients regarding this existence and the fact that if it happens at all, there is a treatment for it, and it should not discourage the patients from getting the vaccine in future. Also this association would need more studies in future. J Med Cases. 2017;8(4):117-118 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2788w
Examining the ontological and epistemic assumptions of research on metacognition, self-regulation and self-regulated learning

AbstractWhile research on metacognition, self-regulation and self-regulated learning is quite mature, these studies have been carried out with varying methodologies and with mixed results. This paper explores the ontological and epistemological assumptions of theories, models and methods used to investigate these three constructs to examine the underlying assumptions of all three. Using oft-cited theories and models of the three constructs along with highly cited studies identified in a previous review of these constructs, this paper examined facets of two popular frameworks: Cartesian-split-mechanistic tradition (CSMT) and the relational tradition specifically looking at the role of intra-individual development, the inclusiveness of categories and notions of causality in these theories, models and methods. While the theories and methods contained elements of both traditions, methods to investigate these constructs relied almost exclusively on assumptions from CSMT. Future directions for research include ...
Black Women in the Middle Years

According to the U.S. Bureau of Census (1980), Afro-American women in the 35–54 age range represented 1.23% of the total population in 1979. Black women between the ages of 55 and 60 represented less than.5% of the population.
Ascorbate regulates haematopoietic stem cell function and leukaemogenesis

Stem-cell fate can be influenced by metabolite levels in culture, but it is not known whether physiological variations in metabolite levels in normal tissues regulate stem-cell function in vivo. Here we describe a metabolomics method for the analysis of rare cell populations isolated directly from tissues and use it to compare mouse haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to restricted haematopoietic progenitors. Each haematopoietic cell type had a distinct metabolic signature. Human and mouse HSCs had unusually high levels of ascorbate, which decreased with differentiation. Systemic ascorbate depletion in mice increased HSC frequency and function, in part by reducing the function of Tet2, a dioxygenase tumour suppressor. Ascorbate depletion cooperated with Flt3 internal tandem duplication (Flt3ITD) leukaemic mutations to accelerate leukaemogenesis, through cell-autonomous and possibly non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, in a manner that was reversed by dietary ascorbate. Ascorbate acted cell-autonomously to negatively regulate HSC function and myelopoiesis through Tet2-dependent and Tet2-independent mechanisms. Ascorbate therefore accumulates within HSCs to promote Tet activity in vivo, limiting HSC frequency and suppressing leukaemogenesis.
Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone Resistance of Methicillin –Resistant Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Rawalpindi, Pakistan

We have characterized 10 multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Pakistan, with respect to their fluoroquinolone resistance, mutations in gyrA/B, and grlA/B genes, and the presence and expression of the efflux pump genes norA, norB, norC, and mdeA. All the isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin and possessed one or more efflux pump genes. The efflux pumps, along with the single and double point mutations S84L, S84L and G106D observed in gyrA; and S80Y, S81P, E84G, and S80F and E84G in grlA genes; enhanced fluoroquinolone resistance in these isolates. A single deletion of nucleotide “A” upstream of the putative Fur-binding box and the presence of two novel mutations, G291D in isolate 30, 32, 35, and 41 and V371I in isolate 10 within the norA coding region, were also observed. An in silico structural analysis revealed an increase in NorAG291D stability with a predicted DDG of 0.48 kcal/mol, but a decrease in NorAV371I stability by -1.12 kcal/mol. Moreover, an increased transcriptional expression of the norA, norB, norC, and mdeA genes and relatively higher fluoroquinolone resistance in isolates with a G291D mutation, compared to that of the isolate with a V371I mutation, suggests a possible role of these mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance. The data provide new insights into the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance and may lead to an enhanced understanding of multidrug resistance observed in MRSA isolates and the development of effective mitigation strategies.
The Effect of Transverse Heatflow and the Use of Characteristic Times in Studying Multilayered-Coatings in the Time Domain

The effect of transverse heat flow on surface temperature in time-domain experiments is described and a method is presented for determining when a thermal reflection from a particular layer in a multilayered-coating will become evident in the surface temperature.
Hypothermia combined with positive pressure ventilation in resuscitation of the asphyxiated neonate

Twenty-eight neonates whose Apgar scores did not improve during 5 minutes of standard resuscitation were placed in cold water and artificially respired. Eight weighed less than 2,500 grams, while the remainder weighed between 2,500 and 4,499 grams. During cold exposure there was a mean increase of 6.4 units and all infants began to breathe. Three deaths occurred (2 premature infants from respiratory distress; the third a full-term infant had congenital cardiac anomalies). It was concluded that hypothermia did not contribute to the 3 deaths, and cooling these infants increased the Apgar scores, even for those with a 0 rating. It is suggested that hypothermia may be a valuable adjunct in resuscitation of the severely asphyxiated neonate.
Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects Using the New Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder: Results of the U.S. Phase I Trial

OBJECTIVES This phase I study attempted to report the initial safety and efficacy results of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PmVSDs) using the new Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder (AGA Medical Corp., Golden Valley, Minnesota) in the U.S. BACKGROUND The most common congenital heart disease is PmVSD. Surgical repair is widely accepted, but still carries a small but definite risk of morbidity and mortality. METHODS Between October 2003 and August 2004, a total of 35 patients with PmVSD underwent an attempt of transcatheter closure under transesophageal and/or intracardiac echocardiographic guidance. The median age was 7.7 years (range, 1.2 to 54.4 years) and median weight was 25 kg (range, 8.3 to 110 kg). The median Qp/Qs ratio was 1.8 (range, 1 to 4), and the median VSD size as assessed by echocardiography was 7 mm (range, 4 to 15 mm). RESULTS The attempt to place a device was successful in 32 patients (91%). The median device size used was 10 mm (range, 6 to 16 mm). The complete closure rates by echocardiography at 10 min (transesophageal/intracardiac), 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months (transthoracic) were 47% (15/32), 63% (20/32), 78% (25/32), and 96% (27/28), respectively. The median fluoroscopy time was 36 min (range, 14 to 191 min), and the median total procedure time was 121 min (range, 67 to 276 min). Three patients (8.6%) had serious adverse events of complete heart block, peri-hepatic bleeding, and rupture of tricuspid valve chordae tendineae. No other patient encountered serious adverse events during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter closure of a PmVSD is technically feasible and seems safe enough in children over 8 kg in weight to warrant continuation of clinical trials to assess the long-term safety and efficacy.
International and Transboundary Accords, Environmental

International environmental accords specify the terms of policy coordination among governments seeking to manage international common pool resources or common sinks, mitigate transboundary harm, or harmonize national environmental regulations. Their number and subject matter have expanded considerably since the nineteenth century, particularly after the diffusion of ecological worldviews promoted by the 1972 Stockholm Conference. The framework treaty-protocol form used in increasing numbers of environmental accords facilitates revising the agreed policy measures as needed. This draws governments into a joint process of deliberation, compliance promotion, environmental assessment and ongoing policy revision operating through periodic diplomatic conferences of the parties assisted by smaller committees on implementation, scientific assessment of environmental conditions and technical assessment of the feasibility of proposed regulations. Social science inquiry regarding the conditions fostering or inhibiting successful negotiation and implementation of international environmental accords has proceeded along distinct rational choice and social practices lines yielding different insights, and has not yet produced consensus on the answers to these questions. Though debate continues between adherents of the two approaches, there is growing interest in using them as complementaries, illuminating different aspects of cooperation, rather than as rival accounts of the whole process.
Generation of Phosphoranyl Radicals via Photoredox Catalysis Enables Voltage–Independent Activation of Strong C–O Bonds

Despite the prevalence of alcohols and carboxylic acids as functional groups in organic molecules and the potential to serve as radical precursors, C–O bonds remain difficult to activate. We report a synthetic strategy for direct access to both alkyl and acyl radicals from these ubiquitous functional groups via photoredox catalysis. This method exploits the unique reactivity of phosphoranyl radicals, generated from a polar/SET crossover between a phosphine radical cation and an oxygen-centered nucleophile. We show the desired reactivity in the reduction of benzylic alcohols to the corresponding benzyl radicals with terminal H atom trapping to afford the deoxygenated products. Using the same method, we demonstrate access to synthetically versatile acyl radicals, which enables the reduction of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes with exceptional chemoselectivity. This protocol also transforms carboxylic acids to heterocycles and cyclic ketones via intramolecular acyl radic...
20 School Psychology

This history of school psychology is developed through two major chronological periods, the Hybrid Years and the Thoroughbred Years. For each period, specific subareas are discussed in an attempt to provide a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the field's progress to the present time. The historical discussion is preceded by a descriptive discussion of the field that represents its present status. Additional sources for researching the history of school psychology are identified at the end. Keywords: school psychology; professional psychology; psychology in the schools; educational psychology
Interpreted statues: collapse of femininity and psychotic denial of incest in The Winter’s Tale

The Winter’s Tale (1610/1999), a late romance by William Shakespeare, on one level presents the delusional jealousy of Leontes regarding his wife Hermione, the visitations of death undoing the omni...
Adsorption of Glycols, Sugars, and Related Multiple −OH Compounds onto Activated Carbons. 2. Solvent Regeneration

Solvent regeneration with acetone or methanol was explored as a means to recover adsorbed multiple −OH compounds from activated carbons. Batch-desorption experiments with thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that regeneration can be carried out in situ, but that high-energy sites are more difficult to regenerate. When solvent regeneration is done in a fixed-bed arrangement, a focusing effect occurs where the solute concentration in the effluent rises to three to six times its initial value during the loading stage. Focusing can be maximized using adsorbents with low oxygen content (≤3 wt. %), lower volumetric flow rate (3−15 bed volumes/h), and uniform particle size or particle-size distribution. With methanol as the regenerant, fixed-bed adsorption and regeneration could be operated over several cycles with minimal loss of bed capacity. However, capacity losses occur during acetone regeneration cycles, because acetone is more strongly held on the bed than is methanol.
PROBING HYPERGIANT MASS LOSS with ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING and POLARIMETRY in the INFRARED: MMT-Pol and LMIRCam OBSERVATIONS of IRC +10420 and VY CANIS MAJORIS

We present 2?5 ?m adaptive optics (AO) imaging and polarimetry of the famous hypergiant stars IRC +10420 and VY Canis Majoris. The imaging polarimetry of IRC +10420 with MMT-Pol at resolves nebular emission with intrinsic polarization of 30%, with a high surface brightness indicating optically thick scattering. The relatively uniform distribution of this polarized emission both radially and azimuthally around the star confirms previous studies that place the scattering dust largely in the plane of the sky. Using constraints on scattered light consistent with the polarimetry at , extrapolation to wavelengths in the 3?5 ?m band predicts a scattered light component significantly below the nebular flux that is observed in our Large Binocular Telescope/LMIRCam 3?5 ?m AO imaging. Under the assumption this excess emission is thermal, we find a color temperature of ?500 K is required, well in excess of the emissivity-modified equilibrium temperature for typical astrophysical dust. The nebular features of VY CMa are found to be highly polarized (up to 60%) at 1.3 ?m, again with optically thick scattering required to reproduce the observed surface brightness. This star?s peculiar nebular feature dubbed the ?Southwest Clump? is clearly detected in the 3.1 ?m polarimetry as well, which, unlike IRC +10420, is consistent with scattered light alone. The high intrinsic polarizations of both hypergiants? nebulae are compatible with optically thick scattering for typical dust around evolved dusty stars, where the depolarizing effect of multiple scatters is mitigated by the grains? low albedos.
Experimental demonstration of coherent superpositions in an ultrasonic pseudospin

We experimentally demonstrate the existence and control of coherent superpositions of elastic states in the direction of propagation of an ultrasonic pseudospin i.e., a φ-bit. The experimental realization of this mechanical pseudospin consists of an elastic aluminum rod serving as a waveguide sandwiched between two heavy steel plates. The Hertzian contact between the rod and the plates leads to restoring forces which couple the directions of propagation (forward and backward). This coupling generates the coherence of the superposition of elastic states. We also demonstrate φ-bit gate operations on the coherent superposition analogous to those used in quantum computing. In the case of a φ-bit, the coherent superposition of states in the direction of propagation are immune to wave function collapse upon measurement as they result from classical waves.
Notorious Ben Hecht: Iconoclastic Writer and Militant Zionist

Before Ben Hecht became a well-known wordsmith, he trained to be a trapeze artist in a Wisconsin circus. This early, albeit short-lived, labor seems a fitting metaphor for his later diverse career ...
Chapter 2 – Materials Classification

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the needs-oriented and the seeds-oriented concepts for materials research, development, and application. These concepts are integrated systematically to develop nano-scale materials designs and manufacturing technologies. The titanium and titanium-based alloys are classified into α type (HCP: hexagonal closed-packed crystalline structure), near α type, (α+β) type, and β type (BCC: body centered-cubic crystalline structure) alloy groups. The alloying elements added to titanium are divided into two groups: α stabilizers and β stabilizers. Increasing the α-phase portion leads to several implications, such as: the β-transus temperature increases, the creep strength and the high temperature strengths enhance, the flow stress increases, and the weldability improves. While increasing the β-phase portion, increases the room temperature strength, enhances the heat treatment and forming capabilities, and increases the strain-rate sensitivity, such that the superplastic formation is more favorably applicable. When any titanium material possesses either one of these types as a major constitutional phase, such a material is named after that type of phase.
Cybersecurity Challenges in Distributed Control.

Cyber-physical systems are becoming core of the most modern systems consisting control, data sharing and real-time monitoring. While centralized control technique has been implemented in the past, recent innovation in distributed control schemes makes it attractive due to various reasons. One of them is the use of state-of-the-art communication protocols that makes the system more robust toward extreme conditions and ensures observability. Thus, as an application of cyber-physical systems, distributed control architectures are prone to various cyber-vulnerability which makes cybersecurity research critical in this application domain. This paper reviews recent researches of distributed control architectures, their cyber-vulnerabilities, and reported mitigation schemes. Finally, some research needs are addressed.
MP05-08 SYSTEMATIC VERSUS TARGETED MRI/ULTRASOUND FUSION PROSTATE BIOPSY AMONG MEN WITH MRI-VISIBLE LESIONS

Purpose Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-ultrasound (US) fusion-guided biopsy may improve prostate cancer (PCa) detection and reduce grade misclassification. We compared PCa detection rates on systematic, MRI-targeted, and combined biopsy with evaluation of important subgroups. Materials and methods Men with clinical suspicion of harboring PCa from two institutions with visible PI-RADSv2 lesions receiving mpMRI-US fusion-guided prostate biopsy were included (2015-2020). Detection of PCa was categorized by grade group (GG). Clinically-significant PCa (csPCa) was defined as ≥GG2. Patients were stratified by biopsy setting and PI-RADS. Results Of 1,236 patients (647 biopsy-naive) included, 626 (50.6%) harbored PCa and 412 (33.3%) had csPCa on combined biopsy. Detection of csPCa was 27.9% vs. 23.3% (+4.6%) and GG1 PCa was 11.3% vs. 17.8% (-6.5%) for targeted vs. systematic cores. Benefit in csPCa detection was higher in the prior negative than biopsy-naive setting (+7.8% (p Conclusions Combined biopsy doubled the benefit of targeted biopsy alone in detection of csPCa without increasing GG1 PCa diagnoses relative to systematic biopsy. Utility of targeted biopsy was higher in the prior negative biopsy cohort, but advantages of combined biopsy were maintained regardless of biopsy history.
Heat Death of Least Tern Chicks on the Gulfport, Mississippi, Beach in 1980

The Least Tern is among the smallest of the long-winged flyers and an indescribably ethereal impression emanates from it in flight. Thus great interest was generated when this tern began to nest on the mainland beach of Mississippi Sound about 12 years ago. In 1980, Least Tern chicks died in numbers on the beach Jd this generated considerable comment and some bombast. An upstate ornithologist announced that poison in the food chain was the cause, but no poison has ever been found in the carcasses of the dead chicks or in the water. The mortality of Least Tern chicks was not caused by Red Tide or disease and by a simple process of exclusion fell to the hottest summer the author ever saw on the Gulf Coast in 51 years, with air temperatures up to 107T. INTRODUCTION The Least Tem, Stema albifrons, appears white in its flight over nesting beaches along the river valleys of North America and the Gulf beaches to Massachusetts, but it has light touches of gray, black and brown. It ranges south to Peru, Brazil, and the Antilles, and north to Scotland, the Baltic and the large rivers of India, China, Japan, Russia, the Caspian Sea, and Africa to Australia. It also nests on various sea beaches and is scattered world wide in that habitat except for the cold zones (Reilly 1968). It flies in a delicate manner, with its thinly tapered, swept back wings, and there is an indescribably ethereal impression given by these birds as they billow back and forth over their eggs and young. Even such a stern old observer as Oberholser (1973) says, “the Least Tern is extremely bouyant, swift and graceful.” Thus, when these fairy-like birds began some 10 years ago to nest on the sand beach of the Mississippi Sound mainland shore within a few yards of U.S. Highway 90, the front thoroughfare of Gulfport, Mississippi, this development aroused the interest of hundreds of people. Gunter (1957) reviewed the influence of temperate factors on marine organisms. Mammals and birds live at precise body temperatures that cannot vary much. Most poikilotherm organisms live within 4 to 7°F of the upper limit of ambient temperature that they can withstand, while the lower limit may be near freezing, 25°F or lower. For this reason, the trouts and related cold-water fishes in southem Canada and the northern United States sometimes die of heat stroke in natural waters.
A microRNA signature of response to erlotinib is impacted by the EMT- inducing cytokine TGFβ1

Purpose: We endeavored to understand the contribution of canonical TGFβ signaling on expression of a 13-gene microRNA (miR) signature of erlotinib response. Background: We identified a 13-gene miRN...
Choreographing mRNA biogenesis

Biogenesis of eukaryotic mRNA requires several post-transcriptional processing steps that must be completed accurately before it can be exported. Several processing factors are known to associate with RNA polymerase II during elongation, thereby positioning them to mediate efficient RNA processing. mRNAs are exported as complexes containing several RNA-binding proteins and other proteins. A recent study indicates that some of these packaging proteins also associate with RNA polymerase II during transcription. This suggests close coordination and mechanistic coupling of the events required to produce and export functional mRNAs.