cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vascular chemical sulfhydryl alkylation in vitro: alterations in intracellular calcium and cAMP and cGMP metabolism.

This study examined the effect of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10 -7 M) on agonist-induced contraction and the relaxation following drug-washout, of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) segments derived from hypertensive rabbits. Mean blood pressure increase was produced either by renal constriction plus contralateral nephrectomy, or by cadmium acetate ingestion. Freely-ionized calcium ( 45 Ca) flux, cyclic 3':5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and cyclic 3':5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), were analyzed. NEM was used as a stereoselective probe to clarify the role of sulfhydryl (SH) groups in hepertension. Contractile response to norepinephrine (NE, 5.9 x 10 -7 M), angiotensin II (AT, 9.8 x 10 -8 M), and potassium chloride (KCl, 2.2 x 10 -2 M) were significantly depressed in hypertensive tissue. Exposure to NEM, before agonist challenge, caused an even greater depression in contractile response. As for the normotensive group, an inhibition of relaxation occurred when NEM was added after the development of a maximal contractil response to NE, AT or KCl. Changes in contractile ability and in relaxation were attributed to specific alterations in calcium distribution. These alterations were examined by 45 Ca washout components and were related to cAMP and cGMP metabolism. These results suggest a regulatory role of SH groups in contraction and relaxation and a modification of this role in hypertension.
The biochemical and genetic basis for the microheterogeneity of human R- type vitamin B12 binding proteins

R-type vitamin B12 binding proteins (R proteins) from human granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma, and other body fluids were characterized by isoprotein banding patterns on autoradiograms after resolution via thin-layer polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel electrophoresis. R proteins obtained from various tissue sources in a given individual show tissue-specific electrophoretic patterns. The desialated R proteins obtained following in vitro treatment with neuraminidase are, however, the same for any given individual and do not show tissue specificity. The differences seen in native R proteins (i.e., transcobalamin I, III, and others) obtained from different tissues are due to variations only in the sialic acid content. Granulocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) contain both TC I and TC III, and these R proteins can be released in vitro by lithium stimulation. Normal granulocytes contain only TC III. Differences in desialated R proteins from individual to individual are due to a genetic polymorphism controlled by a single genetic locus (designated TCR) with two alleles, 1 and 2, which are found to be codominantly expressed in heterozygous individuals. The allelic variants of the desialated R proteins found in different blood cells and body fluids are controlled by only one genetic locus.
Reduction of Carbonyl to Methylene: Organosilane-Ga(OTf)3 as an Efficient Reductant System

Direct carbonyl reduction to methylene has been achieved by mild reductant system obtained from the combination of organosilane and gallium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate {Ga(OTf)3}, a water tolerant, recyclable, catalyst. Among a series of organosilanes studied, dimethylchlorosilane (Me2SiHCl, DMCS) showed the highest efficiency. Both aromatic and aliphatic ketones were effectively reduced to the corresponding methylene products with high functional groups tolerance, under very mild conditions in a relatively short period of time with good to excellent yields.
Changes of White Matter Diffusion Anisotropy in Response to a 6-Week iPad Application-Based Occupational Therapy Intervention in Children with Surgically Treated Hydrocephalus: A Pilot Study.

Objective Our aims were (1) to test whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could detect underlying white matter (WM) changes after a 6-week iPad application-based occupational therapy (OT) intervention in children with surgically treated hydrocephalus (HCP); and (2) to explore the association between WM changes and performance outcomes. Methods Five children (age range: 6.05–9.10 years) with surgically treated HCP completed an intensive iPad-based OT intervention targeting common domains of long-term deficits in children with HCP. The intervention included 6 weekly sessions in an OT clinic supplementing home-based program (1 hour/day, 4 days/week). DTI and neuropsychological assessments were performed before and after the intervention. Observation After the therapy, significant increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) and/or decreases in radial diffusivity were found in extensive WM areas. All participants demonstrated an increased perceptual reasoning index (PRI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence: 2nd edition, PRI gains = 14.20 ± 7.56, p = 0.014). A significant positive correlation was found between PRI increase and the increase of FA in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule and the right external capsule (both p Conclusion This study provides initial evidence of DTI's sensitivity to detect subtle WM changes associated with performance improvements in response to a 6-week OT intervention in children with HCP.
Lyme disease risk in southern California: abiotic and environmental drivers of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) density and infection prevalence with Borrelia burgdorferi

Tick-borne diseases, particularly Lyme disease, are emerging across the northern hemisphere. In order to manage emerging diseases and predict where emergence will likely occur, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing the distribution, abundance and infection prevalence of vector species. In North America, Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease and is transmitted by blacklegged ticks. This study aimed to explore the abiotic and environmental drivers of density and infection prevalence of western blacklegged ticks (Ixodes pacificus) in southern California, an understudied and densely populated region of North America. Over the course of this two-year study, densities of I. pacificus adults were consistently positively associated with host availability for juvenile ticks and dense oak woodland habitat. Densities of nymphal and larval I. pacificus, on the other hand were primarily predicted by host availability for juvenile ticks in the first year of the study, and by habitat characteristics such as dense leaf litter in the second year. Infection with the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto), and related spirochetes was not predicted by the abiotic conditions promoting I. pacificus populations, but rather by diversity of the tick community, and in particular by the presence of two Ixodes tick species that do not generally feed on humans (Ixodes spinipalpis and Ixodes peromysci). Borrelia spp. infection was not detected in the I. pacificus populations sampled, but was detected in other vector species that may maintain enzootic transmission of the pathogen on the landscape. This study identified dense oak woodlands as high-risk habitats for I. pacificus tick encounter in southern California. The shift in relative importance of host availability to habitat characteristics in predicting juvenile tick abundance occurred as California’s historic drought intensified, suggesting that habitat providing suitable microclimates for tick survivorship became centrally important to patterns of abundance in the face of deleterious abiotic conditions. These results underscore the need for further investigation of the effects of climate change on tick-borne disease in California. Finally, despite low risk of human Lyme disease infection posed by I. pacificus in southern California, evidence of infection was found in other tick species, suggesting that enzootic transmission of tick-borne borreliae may be occurring in southern California, and involve parallel enzootic cycles with other tick and host species but not necessarily humans.
Advancing the LGBT Health Research Agenda: Differential Health Trends Within the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations.

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss an article in the issue which deals with cardiovascular disease and health research involving lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in America, and it mentions a California Health Interview Survey and sexual orientation differences.
Resolution in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

In any microscopy, it is extremely useful to know the resolution (or more precisely the resolution function) of the instrument. Here the present understanding of the resolution of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) is reviewed.
Induction of robust antitumor immunity by exogenous interleukin-33 (TUM2P.1005)

IL-33 is associated with the induction of Th2-type immunity, however it has recently gained attention for its role in boosting Th1-type immunity and CD8 + T cell function. We have discovered that IL-33 can induce robust antitumor effect through a CD8 + T cell dependent mechanism. Systemic administration of recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) alone was sufficient to inhibit growth of established tumors in multiple mouse tumor models. Notably, rIL-33 treatment promoted antitumor CD8 + T cell expansion and effector function. Mechanistically, rIL-33 therapy primarily and directly targets dendritic cells in tumor bearing mice, thereby restores CTL activity by increasing antigen cross-presentation within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, agonist activation of CD40, which is induced by rIL-33 treatment, stabilized and induced regression of established tumors. Our study has elucidated the potential use of rIL-33 as a novel immunotherapy option for the treatment of established cancers.
Prohexadione-Calcium Rate and Timing Effects on Alfalfa Interseeded into Silage Corn

Prohexadione-calcium (PHD) can enhance establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) interseeded into silage corn (Zea mays L.), but optimal application rates and timing for this growth regulator are unknown. Two experiments examined how single or split applications of 0.25 to 1.0 kg a.i. ha–¹ of PHD applied to 15 or 25 cm tall glyphosate-resistant alfalfa seedlings influenced growth, stand density, and yield of alfalfa and corn compared to untreated controls. The PHD treatments reduced seedling top growth by 13 to 32% and increased stand density of alfalfa by 19 to 81% in three out of four locations and alfalfa dry matter yield by 4 to 23% in two out of four locations the following year. Alfalfa responses were not consistently influenced by the rate and timing of PHD application, but higher rates proved advantageous under conditions that impaired alfalfa seedling survival under corn. Application of PHD on alfalfa had little or no effect on corn heights and yields. Corn population and alfalfa seeding rates influenced corn silage yield and alfalfa stand counts in at least one location, but these factors had little effect on crop responses to PHD. Combined 2-yr yields of corn followed by alfalfa were 12% greater for the interseeding system than for solo-seeded corn followed by spring seeded alfalfa. Overall, a single application of 0.5 to 1.0 kg a.i. ha–¹ of PHD on 15 to 25 cm tall alfalfa proved effective for improving stand density and occasionally first year yield of glyphosate-resistant alfalfa.
Inspirational Leaders, Personal Narrative, and Youth Identity

Inspirational leaders turn out young people on Election Day in two important ways: they encourage participation through promises of hope and feelings that change can happen, and they give form to the vague identities of young people, which indirectly supports higher levels of identity development. When leaders inspire youth and make youth feel hopeful, they are directly increasing turnout. Older counterparts, unlike young people, have experience with the political system and have at one time or another been disappointed by leaders’ not fulfilling promises. Older Americans are less likely to fall for the appeals of newness and change. Evidence shows that youth are more likely to turn out to the polls when they believe a leader is inspirational and the leader makes them feel hopeful.
School Counselors' Roles in RAMP and PBIS: A Phenomenological Investigation (Part Two).

Researchers conducted a qualitative, phenomenological investigation of the lived experiences of a sample of 10 school counselors in current or recent RAMP (Recognized ASCA [American School Counselor Association] Model Program) schools that also implemented positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) with high fidelity. Researchers found two themes and related subthemes regarding school counselor roles. The first theme was school counselors' roles and responsibilities, with subthemes (a) makes sense with their role and (b) roles across tiers. The second theme was ASCA National Model themes in action. Subthemes were (a) advocacy and systemic change, (b) leadership, and (c) collaboration. The authors discuss findings, limitations, implications, and future research related to this study.
Payload Design and Sizing

The vast array of engineering, technology, manpower, and money required to prepare for and execute a spacecraft launch is focused on a single purpose, namely to put an operational payload in space. Often, the payload is simply regarded as the package to be delivered but the nature of this package, in particular its operational requirements, tend to drive the mission constraints as a whole—launch system, spacecraft, telecommunications, etc.
Role of 3D Structures in Understanding, Predicting, and Designing Molecular Interactions in the Chemokine Receptor Family

The recently solved crystallographic structures of two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of chemokine receptor function and interaction with various ligands. However, they did not answer all of the questions. It remains an important role of the computational community to complement and expand the structural insights into areas where experimental structure determination efforts have not yet succeeded, such as studying receptor functional states or their complexes with small molecule and protein ligands of different classes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of pre- and post-structure efforts in understanding, predicting, and designing chemokine receptor interactions with small molecules and peptides, chemokines, and HIV gp120 proteins, as well as structure-guided insights regarding chemokine receptor dimerization and the impact of structures on rational molecular design initiatives. As an inherently challenging family of GPCRs, chemokine receptors may only reveal their secrets when tackled by the efficient symbiosis of computational approaches with experimental structure determination.
Instructional Support and Academic Skills: Impacts of INSIGHTS in Classrooms With Shy Children

Research Findings: This study investigated how mean classroom-level shyness scores moderated the impacts of INSIGHTS into Children’s Temperament on instructional support and students’ math and read...
Polyposis Syndromes: Role of the Pathologist

This article reviews the major gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes, with an emphasis on the molecular, clinical, and histopathological features of each. Salient features helpful in making or suggesting the diagnosis of these syndromes are discussed, as is the use of ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostic studies in diagnosis confirmation and family screening.
Gas Phase Homogeneous Kinetics

Since one of our ultimate goals is to develop quantitative models which are applicable over a wide range of temperatures and pressures - a range often beyond that for which there are data – it is frequently necessary to fit and extrapolate from the rate data at hand. Even for bimolecular reactions, conventional Arrhenius expressions are generally valid for only a few hundred degrees, and the degree of curvature must be assessed. In other reactions, additional complications may arise, including pressure dependence and multi-channel chemically activated pathways.
Mitochondrial DNA of Higher Plants and Genetic Engineering

The advent and development of techniques of recombinant DNA and genetic engineering in prokaryotes has led to much speculation concerning the application of this technology to the broad area of higher plant improvement. Central to the development of this technology is the acquisition of a suitable vector or vehicle molecule which could be used to transfer desirable genetic information into plant cells. Prominent potential vehicles include the Ti-plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the DNA plant viruses such as cauliflower mosaic virus, and the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of higher plants.
Simple and modular integrated modeling of storm drain network with gridded distributed hydrologic model via grid-rendering of storm drains for large urban areas

Abstract For accurate flash flood forecasting and effective stormwater planning and management in urban areas, it is necessary to model not only the natural channel systems but also the large and complex networks of storm drains. In this work, we describe a modular storm drain model that can easily be coupled with existing gridded distributed hydrologic models for real-time flash flood forecasting, and stormwater planning and management for large urban areas (>100 km2). A salient feature of our approach is the use of the equivalent storm drain network (ESDN) which approximates the actual network on the same grid as that of the distributed hydrologic model, thereby rendering coupling simple and modular. In the integrated model, storm-drain flow occurs through the simplified network coarsened to the resolution of the distributed hydrologic model without full 1D-2D dynamics or very detailed man-made structures and features modeled. The integrated model is applied to a 144.6 km2 area of five urban catchments in the Cities of Arlington and Grand Prairie in Texas, US. Comparisons at selected locations using kinematic-wave flow simulations show that the ESDN approximates the flow through the original network very well with attendant savings in computational amount and reduction in modeling complexities. The impact of the storm drain network is assessed via a combination of simulation experiments, sensitivity analysis and limited comparison with observed flow. It is shown that the storm drain network in highly urbanized catchments in the study area is very effective in reducing surface flow at most locations for about 30 min following onset of significant rainfall, that the existing stormwater infrastructure would lose effectiveness for approximately 30% of the study area with a 15% increase in imperviousness relative to the current conditions, and that significant uncertainties exist in partitioning of surface flow into storm drain and natural channel flows due to sensitivity to inlet flow modeling. With greatly reduced computing cost and modeling complexity, the proposed approach offers a practical solution for integrated stormwater modeling for large urban areas for a wide range of applications. The proposed approach cannot, however, resolve flow at sub-grid scales and hence is not appropriate for very detailed modeling for small areas.
Identifying Subgroups of Black, Hispanic and Asian Men at Increased Risk for Comorbid Depression and Overweight or Obesity

Abstract Comorbid depression and overweight or obesity increase risk for developing many chronic diseases. Investigating men of color without using a non-Hispanic White male reference group will capture a more nuanced picture of how socio-demographic factors contribute to increased risk for comorbid depression and overweight or obesity among and between men of color. This study used the U.S.-based 2014 National Health Interview Survey (n = 1363) in May 2018 to examine associations between race/ethnicity and comorbid overweight or obesity and depression in men. Men were more likely to be obese or overweight and depressed if they were older (31–54 years old and 55+) [OR = 2.387, 95% CI: 1.526, 3.873, p = 0.000; OR = 2.220, 95% CI: 1.355, 3.635, p = 0.002], Black [OR = 2.745, 95% CI: 1.622, 4.646, p
Preserving Reproducibility: Provenance and Executable Containers in DataONE Data Packages

Many data packaging standards are available to researchers and data repository operators and the choice to use an existing standard or create a new one is challenging. We introduce the DataONE Data Package standard which is based on the existing OAI-ORE Resource Map standard. We describe the functionality Data Package provides, implementation considerations, compare it to existing standards, and discuss future extensions to the standard including the ability to describe execution environments via WholeTale "Tales"" and alternate serialization formats.
Reaching Equilibrium for Non-Cooperative Dynamic Load Balancing Applications

This work is aimed to understand the equilibrium situation in a multi-user parallel computing environment and to observe if the users can run the applications efficiently without cooperating with each other in the system. A dynamic load balancing program is used to submit the parallel jobs and perform automatic load balancing. Several different load and computer configurations are tested for these tasks. Computer cluster tested is composed of heterogeneous operation systems of Unix, Linux and Win2K.
Phase II, 2-stage, 2-arm, PIK3CA mutation stratified trial of MK-2206 in recurrent endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancers have high rates of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway alterations. MK-2206 is an allosteric inhibitor of AKT, an effector kinase of PI3K signals. We hypothesized patients with tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations would be more likely to benefit from MK-2206 than those without PIK3CA mutation. A Phase II study was performed in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer; all histologies except carcinosarcoma were eligible. Up to two prior chemotherapy lines were permitted, excluding prior treatment with PI3K pathway inhibitors. The first 18 patients were treated with MK-2206 200 mg weekly. Due to unacceptable toxicity, dose was reduced to 135 mg. Co-primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival at 6 months (6moPFS). Thirty-seven patients were enrolled (one ineligible). By somatic PIK3CA mutation analysis, nine patients were mutant (MT) [one with partial response (PR)/6moPFS, two with 6moPFS]. Twenty-seven patients were wild-type (WT) (one PR and four 6moPFS). Most common toxicities were rash (44%), fatigue (41%), nausea (42%) and hyperglycemia (31%). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities occurred in 25 and 17% of patients, respectively. Exploratory analysis found serous histology had greater 6moPFS as compared to all other histologies (5/8 vs. 2/28, p = 0.003). PTEN expression was associated with median time to progression (p = 0.04). No other significant associations with PI3K pathway alterations were identified. There is limited single agent activity of MK-2206 in PIK3CA MT and PIK3CA WT endometrial cancer populations. Activity was detected in patients with serous histology and due to their poor outcomes warrants further study (NCT01307631).
The Mechanics of Temporal Interference Stimulation

Abstract We utilize single neuron models to understand mechanisms behind Temporal Interference (TI) stimulation (also called “Interferential Stimulation”). We say that a neuron exhibits TI stimulation if it does not fire for a high-frequency sinusoidal input, but fires when the input is a low-frequency modulation of the high-frequency sinusoid (specifically that generated by addition of two high frequency sinusoids with a small difference in their frequencies), while the maximum amplitude is kept the same in both cases. Our key observation – that holds for both FitzHugh-Nagumo and Hodgkin-Huxley neuron models – is that for neuron models that do exhibit TI stimulation, a high frequency pure sinusoidal input results in a current balance between inward and outward currents. This current balance leads to a subthreshold periodic orbit that keeps the membrane potential from spiking for sinusoidal inputs. However, the balance is disturbed when the envelope of the sinusoids is modulated with a high slope: the fast-changing envelope activates fast depolarizing currents without giving slow outward currents time to respond. This imbalance causes the membrane potential to build up, causing the neuron to fire. This mechanistic understanding can help design current waveforms for neurons that exhibit TI stimulation.
Disinfection and cleaning of heater-cooler units: suspension- and biofilm-killing

SUMMARY Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections in cardiac surgery patients, caused by Mycobacterium chimaera or Mycobacterium abscessus, have been traced to NTM-aerosols produced by heater–cooler units of cardiopulmonary bypass equipment. Aim To develop a protocol to disinfect the water reservoir(s) of heater–coolers to reduce NTM numbers and thereby prevent potential NTM aerosolization; and to devise an approach to disrupt surface biofilms of heater–coolers to reduce reinoculation of the heater–cooler reservoir(s) after disinfection. Methods A laboratory-scale Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bioreactor and a heater–cooler were inoculated with M. chimaera or M. abscessus to measure the ability of different disinfection protocols to reduce NTM colony-forming units in water and biofilm samples and to delay the reappearance of NTM after disinfection. Findings The combination of an enzyme detergent cleaning agent and Clorox® were equivalent to Clorox alone in reducing M. chimaera cfu in heater–cooler water reservoir samples. However, reappearance of those bacteria was delayed by 12 weeks by the combination of enzyme detergent cleaning agent and Clorox exposure compared to Clorox disinfection alone. Conclusion A combination of an enzyme detergent and Clorox was an effective disinfection treatment and significantly delayed the reappearance of M. chimaera in the heater–cooler reservoir.
A glass half empty: Limited voices, limited groundwater security for California

Groundwater is a common pool resource that supports agriculture, human communities, and the environment. Public participation in common pool natural resources management can be affected by media representation of stakeholders and perceptions of identity as a stakeholder. Newspaper media has an outsized influence on framing subject matter, expertise, organizations, and who should participate. Media shapes individual, local, and regional perspectives around resource management and defines potential solutions to natural resources management. This study analyzes media coverage about California's new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) to understand impacts on public participation in common pool natural resources management and to identify represented stakeholders and solutions involved in groundwater sustainability. A total of 365 newspaper articles were collected from California newspapers in three readership locations. We also searched for representation of SGMA in Spanish-language publications. Article characteristics were analyzed through qualitative content analysis and quantitative nonparametric analysis. Results indicate bias for featuring agricultural industry, politician, and water managers' voices. Solutions for managing water resources were focused on new supply, demand reduction and infrastructure investment, though novel solutions were also presented. Most newspaper articles included few stakeholders and solutions, illustrating isolated, short narratives about a common pool resource. The trends and gaps in representation in California media coverage may contribute to the public's low levels of engagement in groundwater planning.
Peptide-Ruthenium Conjugate as an Efficient Photosensitizer for the Inactivation of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has gained increased attention because of its broad spectrum activity and lower likelihood to elicit bacterial resistance. Although many photosensitizers excel at eradicating Gram-positive bacterial infections, they are generally less potent when utilized against Gram-negative bacteria. We hypothesized that conjugating the DNA-targeting, antimicrobial peptide buforin II to a metal-based photosensitizer would result in a potent APDT agent. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of a buforin II-[Ru(bpy)3]2+ bioconjugate (1). The submicromolar activity of 1 against the multidrug-resistant strains Escherichia coli AR 0114 and Acinetobacter baumannii Naval-17 indicates strong synergy between the ruthenium complex and buforin II. Our mechanistic studies point to an increased rate of DNA damage by 1 compared to [Ru(bpy)3]2+. These results suggest that conjugating metal complexes to antimicrobial peptides can lead to potent antimicrobial agents.
Promoting Diversity in CS via Code as a Liberal Art

We discuss how a minor in Code as a Liberal Art was established through novel approaches to curriculum and pedagogy at a liberal arts college with a strong commitment to progressive interdisciplinary education. Working groups of committed faculty from a range of disciplines, outside of computer science, identified a set of core learning objectives for coding in the liberal arts. Multiple course offerings were developed by faculty with diverse expertise ranging from theater to machine learning to address the core learning objectives within the context of their discipline. This approach suggests a new avenue for broadening participation and increasing equity in computing, especially at institutions without programs in computer science, by addressing wellknown challenges such as student prepared-ness and lack of sufficient faculty with appropriate expertise. More importantly, it demonstrates how, by explicitly avoiding a ‘one size fits all’ model, students from diverse backgrounds can become confident and successful coders within a liberal arts context.
Copyright as a Barrier to Music Therapy Telehealth Interventions: A Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Music therapy is a multifaceted discipline that harnesses the power of music to treat a wide range of patient populations. A therapist who plays music in a private room for a patient is not subject to copyright restrictions on public performances. However, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, music therapy is no longer strictly confined to the face-to-face setting. This study explores music therapists’ perceptions of copyright law with respect to their ability to provide mediated services to their clients. Objective: The objectives of our study were two-fold. The first was to investigate whether concerns about copyright law are hampering the diffusion of telehealth innovations, and the second was whether these concerns are causing music therapists to avoid therapeutically beneficial telehealth interventions. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with credentialed music therapists (n=18) in the United States between May 2020 and June 2020. With participants’ consent, we used video conference technology to record and transcribe the in-depth interviews. The median interview length was 45 (SD 16.37) minutes. This theoretically informed study employed thematic analysis of the interview data. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth interventions to facilitate therapy outside of private face-to-face environments: environments where music therapy practices are largely shielded from copyright infringement concerns. Five main themes emerged, including therapists’ uncertainty about permissible uses of music and therapists’ erring on the side of caution causing lost opportunities for care. Our interview data suggest music therapists have altered telehealth interventions in suboptimal ways to avoid copyright liability in a physically distanced environment. Conclusions: Some music therapists “drag their feet” on offering therapeutically appropriate telehealth services to clients because of copyright concerns. Our findings suggest innovative mediated therapies were shied away from or abandoned. These findings offer a novel contribution to the public health literature by highlighting copyright law as an unexpected and unwelcome barrier to the diffusion of music therapy practices in technology-mediated settings.
Long-term analysis of road salt loading and transport in a rural drinking water reservoir watershed

Abstract Chloride exports from the widespread application of road salt serve as a primary contribution to water body salinity in cold climate regions. Road salt pollution is a concern in drinking water supplies due to the relationship between chloride concentration and water corrosivity. In the Northeastern U.S., researchers and water quality managers are interested in better understanding how management practices can mitigate the negative effects of road salt pollution. This study uses regression-based chloride load estimates from LOADEST to produce mass balances and analyze transport flow-paths to the Wachusett Reservoir from a predominantly rural watershed. A chloride mass balance for 2000 through 2019 revealed that reservoir and watershed export only recently reached a level similar to estimated inputs from road salt (11,200 ton/yr). Results from hydrograph and load separation techniques show that average loading (4300 ± 1300 ton/yr) and discharge from baseflow (3.2 ± 0.9 m3/s) contributed approximately 74% and 65% of the total loading (5800 ± 1800 ton/yr) and discharge (4.93 ± 1.50 m3/s), respectively from water years 2001 through 2019. Approximately 40% of the total annual tributary load (30% baseflow; 10% runoff) occurred in the spring (March–May) and is attributed to elevated baseflow conditions from snowmelt. As indicated by a baseflow chloride index, baseflow concentrations are 14% greater than the total concentrations measured in the tributaries. Therefore, the baseflow-dominated tributary chloride loading is due to a combination of greater discharge and chloride concentration in baseflow as compared to direct surface runoff. However, a long-term trend analysis suggests a slightly increased fraction of chloride loading via overland flow in several reservoir tributaries, potentially indicative of late 20th century land development. This study offers a unique monitoring approach for management authorities to better assess road salt pollution in water systems. The decadal response of the reservoir system reflects the slow-moving nature of the baseflow-dominated chloride loading and suggests that measurable water quality improvements will only be realized with a sustained long-term decrease in the amount of road salt applied.
Strategic Marketing for Recreational Facilities: A Hybrid Conjoint Analysis Approach

The competition for Americans' leisure time and dollars has increased dramatically over the past twenty five years. In response, leisure providers are turning to strategic marketing analysis to hel...
Gene-expression profiles in hereditary breast cancer.

Summary:DNA microarray technology is revolutionizing the way fundamental biologic questions are addressed in the postgenomic era. In this study by Hedenfalk et al., the authors attempted to identify discrete gene expression profiles for patients with known hereditary breast cancers caused by mutatio
Robust Deterministic Controller Design of a Two Degree of Freedom SCARA Manipulator

A robust deterministic control for a class of singularly perturbed uncertain systems, where uncertainties are characterized deterministically rather than stochastically, is developed based mainly on information available on an uncertain reduced-order system. The deterministic control scheme is applied to the motion control of a two degree of freedom, direct drive robotic SCARA manipulator. The manipulator has significant parasitic actuator and sensor dynamics. The parasitic dynamics are explicitly considered in the stability analysis of the deterministic controller using a singular perturbation model. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the derived control scheme.
A Note on the Optimal Selection and Weighting of Comparable Properties

This paper reexamines the recommendation by Vandell (1991), Gau, Lai and Wang (1992, 1994) and Green (1994) for the use of the minimum variance and coefficient of variation criteria in the optimum ...
The use of Trichomycin in the treatment of vulvovaginal mycosis in pregnant women

Abstract The antibiotic, Trichomycin, proved to be highly effective as a self-administered therapeutic agent for the purpose of eliminating yeastlike fungi from the vaginal flora of pregnant women, and for establishing relief from subjective symptoms coincident with such infections. Although recrudescence was a common occurrence, relapses were shown to be preventable by continued topical treatment with Trichomycin in moderate dosage. Additional evidence derived from a series of vaginal biopsies is presented supporting the view that the syndrome of vulvovaginal mycosis is not the result of tissue invasion. It is suggested that an investigation into the possible role of other microorganisms in the etiology of nontrichomonal vaginitis might be fruitful, inasmuch as various yeast-like fungi have been found to be absent in a high proportion of such cases.
Platelet-activating factor-induced increases in glucose kinetics

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a postulated mediator of many of the early hemodynamic effects of endotoxin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in vivo administration of PAF ...
Somatopsychological Effects of Chromium Supplementation

Results from anecdotal case reports, a self-supplementation study by the authors and a double blind supplementation study indicate that chromium in nutritional doses increased the frequency and intensity of dreams, and prolonged dosing reduced sleep requirement, altered the sleep pattern and caused insomnia and irritability in some subjects.
Face presentation: predictors and delivery route.

Objective We sought to identify associated characteristics of face presentation and to examine factors that were associated with mode of delivery in the setting of face presentation. Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of women who were diagnosed with face presentation during labor. We examined maternal, fetal, and labor characteristics to determine the associations and predictors of cesarean delivery. Results Fetuses in face presentation were more likely preterm, P = .018). Rates of umbilical artery base excess P Conclusion This study confirms the association between face presentation and prematurity. The association with black ethnicity may be related to differences in pelvic anatomy. Although face presentation was associated with decreased Apgar scores, no other indicators of fetal asphyxia were identified. Cesarean delivery rates were higher in women with mentum posterior face presentation and in women who did not receive oxytocin.
Degradation of atrazine by soil fungi

Abstract Degradation of 14C-ethylamino-, and 14C-ring-labeled atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) by pure cultures of several soil fungi was observed. Soil fungi that degraded atrazine, in a basal salts medium supplemented with sucrose, included: Aspergillus fumigatus Fres.; A. ustus (Bainier) Thorn and Church; A. flavipes (Bainier and Sartory) Thorn and Church; Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr. ex Fr.) Lind.; Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.; F. roseum Lk. ex Fr. emend. Snyder and Hansen; F. oxysporum Schlecht.; Penicillium decumbens Thorn; P. janthinellum Biourge; P. rugulosum Thorn; P. luteum Zukal; and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr. Although all of the fungi were able to degrade atrazine by N-dealkylation of either alkylamino group, both quantitative and qualitative differences in atrazine degradation occurred. 14CO2 evolution occurred only from inoculated culture solutions containing chain-labeled atrazine. Chromatographie analysis of both ring- and chain-labeled atrazine culture solution revealed that atrazine was metabolized to two or more degradation products. Atrazine degradation products identified included 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine and 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-amino-s-triazine.
The meteorology and vertical distribution of pollutants in air pollution episodes in Philadelphia

Abstract An analysis is presented here of the general weather patterns, the vertical temperature structure and the wind conditions associated with two periods of high air pollution concentrations in Philadelphia. Measurements of the vertical distribution of pollutants and their variations are presented for the second period.
Some recent developments in nonlinear filtering theory

One of Professor Norbert Wiener’s beloved projects in his later years was to develop a theory of nonlinear prediction. It was Professor Kiyosi Ito’s discovery of stochastic calculus (now subsumed under the more inclusive title of stochastic analysis) that made such a development possible. This is not the place to describe in detail Professor Ito’s continuing contributions to the subject he helped to create. However, one incident which illustrates his eagerness to explore and assimilate new ideas stands out in my mind.
Disease-specific pluripotent stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated by epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cells through the exogenous expression of transcription factors. Recently, the generation of iPS cells from patients with a variety of genetic diseases was found to likely have a major impact on regenerative medicine, because these cells self-renew indefinitely in culture while retaining the capacity to differentiate into any cell type in the body, thereby enabling disease investigation and drug development. This review focuses on the current state of iPS cell technology and discusses the potential applications of these cells for disease modeling; drug discovery; and eventually, cell replacement therapy.
Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objective:This review article provides an overview of the most recent developments in the literature regarding autism spectrum disorders including epidemiology, etiology, assessment, and management...
Proposed classification of complications after live donor nephrectomy.

Abstract Objectives A standardized classification for the potential complications of living donor nephrectomy is an essential step in establishing a construct for monitoring and reporting the outcomes of this procedure. It is also helpful in informing potential donors about the inherent risks of the donor operation as part of the informed choice process. Methods We reviewed 600 laparoscopic live donor nephrectomies performed at our center. A modification of the Clavien classification system describing procedure-related complications was developed and used to grade the severity of all complications. Results We observed 43 complications (7.2%) in our series of 600 patients. Grade 1 defines all events that, if left untreated, would have a spontaneous resolution or needed a simple bedside procedure (39.5%). Grade 2 complications differ from grade 1 in that they are potentially life-threatening and usually require some form of intervention, but do not result in ongoing disability. We subdivided grade 2 complications (55.8% in our study) into 2a, 2b, and 2c. The latter describes complications requiring open conversion of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy for patient treatment. Grade 3 complications are events with residual or lasting disability (4.7% in our review). Grade 4 events are those resulting in renal failure or death because of any complication (none occurred in our series). Conclusions A graded classification scheme for reporting the complications of donor nephrectomy may be useful for maintaining registry information on donor outcomes and when informing potential donors about the risks and benefits of this procedure.
Ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the pseudoternary system Dy(RuxRh1−4)4B4

Abstract In the bct pseudoternary system Dy(RuxRh1−x)4B4, superconductivity occurs for x ⪅ 0.35, whereas long-range magnetic order is observed for all values of x. Low-field magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements demonstrate that DyRu4B4 orders ferromagnetically at 2.65 K, while upper critical magnetic field Hc2 vs temperature T data for x = 0.154, 0.219, and 0.292 indicate that antiferromagnetism occurs for x ⪅ 0.5.
Effect of corticotropin on gastric acid, pepsin, and mucus secretion in dogs with fistulas.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of prolonged daily intramuscular injection of 40 units of corticotropin gel on gastric acid, pepsin, and mucous secretion in 6 dogs with gastric fistulas. Another 4 dogs received daily saline injections and were used as controls. A significant increase in the rate of secretion and acid output was observed after ACTH administration. The secretion of pepsin was not affected. Changes in the composition of mucus also were observed. Significant decrease in the output of fucose and significant decreases in the stoichiometric molar ratios of fucose to hexosamine and of fucose to sialic acid were observed during ACTH administration. The demonstration of alteration in both the neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides of the gastric mucous secretion during ACTH administration leads us to suspect that the gastric mucosal barrier might be impaired.
Prime numbers and the first digit phenomenon

Abstract The set of primes which have lead digit 1 does not have relative natural density in the prime numbers. However, Bombieri has shown that this set does have relative Zeta density equal to log 10 2. This means that a prime chosen at random (w.r.t. the Zeta distribution) will have lead digit 1 with the determined probability. Here the question, Is this a special property of Zeta density or a more universal property of primes? is answered. It is shown that for any generalization of relative natural density (obeying a few basic assumptions) if a value is assigned to the relative density of primes of lead digit 1 then this value is always log 10 2. Another density which does converge on this set is also exhibited. Additionally the relative densities of primes beginning with any specified string of digits are found.
Relationship Between the Death Anxiety Scale and Repression.

Fifty female undergraduate Ss participated in a study designed to test the hypothesis that the DAS is a valid measure of repression. The results supported the hypothesis and provided an indication that the repression of feelings is the major aspect that accounts for the relationship between the DAS and repression as measured by Gleser and Ihilevich's Defense Mechanism Inventory.
Cognitive function effects of suppressing ovarian hormones in young women.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a pharmacologically induced, temporary suppression of ovarian hormones on healthy young women's cognitive functioning. DESIGN Sixteen healthy women with normal menstrual cycles completed the California Verbal Learning Test, a digit span test, and a verbal fluency test in the follicular phase of a normal menstrual cycle and a second time after four monthly injections of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. Women were randomly assigned to complete a third testing either after resuming cycles in the follicular phase or after three more injections of the GnRH agonist and while wearing an estradiol patch. The control group consisted of 10 women who were tested three times in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles. RESULTS Results showed no change in cognitive functioning across sessions or groups in women with suppressed ovarian function. Women who had the highest levels of menopausal symptoms when taking the GnRH agonist did not have significantly lower cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find any effect of suppression in ovarian hormones on cognitive performance of young women.