cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alkaline phosphatase activity in virus-induced murine leukemia☆

Abstract The levels and properties of liver alkaline phosphatase were compared in extracts from normal and Rich leukemia virus-infected mice. There was an increase in phosphatase activity in the livers from the virus-infected mice. This increase in enzyme activity was accompanied with alterations in the enzyme properties. The phosphatase activity in the extracts from infected mice was not as dependent on magnesium ions as was the enzyme from normal mice. Studies on acrylamide gel showed different electrophoretic mobilities for the alkaline phosphatase from the two sources. Heat stability studies showed that the Mg 2+ -dependent species was more stable than the Mg 2+ -independent species and that the extracts from infected mice contained a much lower concentration of this Mg 2+ -dependent phosphatase than did the extract from normal mice. The apparent Michaelis constant, with respect to p -nitrophenyl phosphate, was larger (sevenfold) for the extract from the infected mice. These data show that leukemia virus infection of mice resulted not only in changes in the levels of activity, but also in changes in the properties of this enzyme.
Adenocarcinoma of gallbladder producing unilateral ureteral obstruction

Ureteral obstruction is a common problem facing the urologist. Tumors, either primary in the urinary tract or metastases from other organs, may be the causal agent. Herein we present the first case reported of ureteral obstruction caused by metastases from adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder.
Use of customized MIC-KEY gastrostomy button for management of MACE stomal complications.

OBJECTIVES Severe bowel dysfunction often accompanies neurogenic bladder, and Malone antegrade continence enema procedures can lead to improvement in the quality of life for these patients. The most commonly reported complication has been stomal stenosis of the conduit. We report our experience with the use of the MIC-KEY gastrostomy button for the management of this complication. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 53 consecutive children who had undergone the Malone antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure from 2000 to 2006 was performed. The records of patients with stomal complications were assessed for presentation, management, and outcomes. RESULTS We identified 20 patients (38%) with stomal stenosis. Stomal dilation and stenting alone was successful in 4 patients, and stomal revision was necessary in 16 (30%). Six children required placement of the MIC-KEY gastrostomy button into the ACE stoma for recurrent stomal stenosis (n = 5) or a buried stoma (n = 1). All patients were successfully treated with placement of a MIC-KEY button to continue their bowel irrigation. The size of the button was determined by the endoscopic assessment of the length and width of the ACE stoma and was custom made by the manufacturer. The average time that the button was in place was 26 months, and it was generally changed every 3 months. CONCLUSIONS In the rare subset of patients with recurrent stomal stenosis or a buried stoma, the MIC-KEY gastrostomy button was found to be a practical and easy method for the management of these conditions and to preserve the ACE conduit.
The Geography of Drug Market Activities and Child Maltreatment

This study examines how drug market activities place children at risk of maltreatment over space and time. Data were collected for 95 Census tracts in Sacramento, California, over 7 years and were analyzed using Bayesian space-time models. Referrals for child maltreatment investigations were less likely to occur in places where current drug market activity was present. However, past-year local and spatially lagged drugs sales were positively related to referrals. After the investigative phase, Census tracts with more drug sales had higher numbers of substantiations, and those with more possessions also had more entries into foster care. The temporal delay between drug sales and child maltreatment referrals may indicate that the surveillance systems designed to protect children may not be responsive to changing neighborhood conditions or be indicative of the time it takes for the detrimental effects of the drug use to appear. Language: en
The influence of word processing on English placement test results

Abstract A study was conducted to consider two issues: (a) whether differences might emerge in writing quality when students wrote examinations by hand or on a computer and (b) whether raters differed in their evaluation of essays written by hand, on a computer, or by hand and then transcribed to typed form before scoring. A total of 480 students from a large Midwestern university were randomly assigned into one of three essay groups: (a) those who composed their responses in a traditional bluebook, (b) those who wrote in a bluebook, then had their essays transcribed into a computer, and (c) those who wrote their essays on the computer. A one-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in ratings among the three groups [F(2,475) = 1.21, ns]. The discussion centers on the need for testing programs to examine the relationship between assessment and prior writing experiences, student preferences for testing medium, and rater training regarding the possible impact of technology on scores.
Stanford land use study

Abstract A recommended land use policy for a parcel of Stanford University land is obtained by first enumerating a range of alternatives ; evaluating the impacts of each alternative on a set of indicators; and, finally, determining the relative emphasis to be assigned to each indicator. This last step is accomplished by allowing all possible weighting combinations for the indicators and then using a clustering procedure to reduce the number of combinations that need be considered. For presentation purposes, the indicators are grouped under three headings (economic, social and environmental) so that different weighting schemes, corresponding to different viewpoints, may be presented on a planar figure. A land use policy is obtained by locating the community and landowner positions on this figure and thereby determining an appropriate compromise alternative.
Emergency laparoscopic colectomy: does it measure up to open?

Abstract Background Laparoscopic colectomy has become the standard of care for elective resections; however, there are few data regarding laparoscopy in the emergency setting. Methods By using a database with prospectively collected data, we identified 94 patients who underwent an emergency colectomy between August 2005 and July 2008. Laparoscopic surgeries were performed in 42 patients and were compared with 25 patients who were suitable for laparoscopy but received open colectomy. Results The groups had similar demographics with no differences in age, sex, or surgical indications. Blood loss was lower (118 vs 205 mL; P P = 0.02) in the laparoscopic patients, and perioperative mortality rates were similar between the 2 groups (1 vs 3; P = 0.29). Conclusions With increasing experience, laparoscopic colectomy is a feasible option in certain emergency situations and is associated with shorter hospital stay, less morbidity, and similar mortality to that of open surgery.
Interpolation theorems for program schemata

A schema is thought of as determining a class of structures—namely, those interpretations for the schema for which a convergent computation occurs. (This view is analogous to the ordinary use of first-order formulas to determine a class of structures.) Model theoretic questions, such as compactness, have been explored in this context. This paper answers the question of whether or not the Craig Interpolation Theorem holds for program schemata, and for several extensions of program schemata. It is shown that, in a certain setting, there is a trade-off between implicit versus explicit definition and bounded versus unbounded storage requirements.
Low pressure chemical vapor deposition of molybdenum oxides from molybdenum hexacarbonyl and oxygen

Abstract Thin films of molybdenum oxides were deposited at 300–500 °C and 200–1014 m Torr (26.6–135 Pa) from Mo(CO)6, O2, and H2O using an inductively heated low pressure chemical vapor deposition system. Two oxygen gas flow rates of 5 and 15 sccm were used. α-MoO3 films were deposited at temperatures of 425–450 °C, pressures of 660–1014 m Torr (88.0–135 Pa), with an O2 flow rate of 5 sccm; and at 450–500 °C, 300–500 m Torr (40.0–66.7 Pa), with an O2 flow rate of 5 sccm. The polycrystalline films were deposited on silicon (100) wafers and exhibited preferred orientations. Gas phase decomposition of the precursor was significant with temperatures ≫400 °C and pressures ≫600 m Torr (88.0 Pa), with an O2 flow rate of 15 sccm. Owing to decomposition of the precursor in the gas phase and low gas velocities, the films decreased in thickness in the direction of flow. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations indicated that α-MoO3 was the most stable phase for all deposition conditions. However, α-MoO3 was deposited only at high temperatures and pressures. A quadratic model of α-MoO3 formation was developed using experimental design for the 5 sccm deposition data as a function of temperature and pressure. Both parameters were significant in the formation of α-MoO3 films. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron, Auger, and laser Raman spectroscopies.
BACTERIOSTATIC PROPERTY OF ALOE VERA.

Freeze-dried juice obtained from Aloe vera and heated for 15 minutes at 80° inhibited several test microorganisms.
Matrix Structural Analysis of Substructures

Summary A matrix method of linear structural analysis is described for the calculation of stresses and deflections in an aircraft structure divided into a number of structural components (substructures). The necessity for dividing a structure into these components arises either from the requirement that different types of analysis have to be used on different components, or because the capacity of the digital computer is not adequate to cope with the analysis of the complete structure. In the present method each substructure is first analyzed separately, assuming that all common boundaries (joints) with the adjacent substructures are completely fixed; these boundaries are then relaxed simultaneously and the actual boundary displacements are determined from the equations of equilibrium of forces at the boundary joints. The substructures are then analyzed separately again under the action of specified external loading and the previously determined boundary displacements.
Genetic Analysis of California Mastitis Test Records. II. Score for Resistance of Elevated Tests

Abstract A lactation score for rating individual cows for their apparent resistance to elevation of California Mastitis test is described. The score uses the first nine monthly California Mastitis Tests weighted by the number and position of elevated coded tests. California mastitis test readings of negative and trace were coded “normal” and 1, 2, or 3 “elevated”. A cumulative lactation score of 21 was assigned to lactations without elevation in coded test, and a score of zero was assigned to lactations with all nine tests elevated. The number and position of the elevated coded tests influenced the 305-day milk yield, and the position of elevated coded tests influenced lactation persistency. Differences were significant among sire progeny groups for the cumulative lactation score. Heritabilities for the cumulative score were .48 ± .07, .36 ± .08, .46 ± .15, and .23 ± .12 for first, second, third, and fourth or later lactation groups. Selection for a high cumulative lactation score should reduce the occurrence of elevated coded test scores. The genetic correlation between 305-day milk yield and cumulative score was −.31 ± .13 for first lactation records.
Unexplained Syncope: Clinical Management

The management of unexplained syncope begins with the patient's history and physical examination, which are oriented to help separate benign from serious causes. Malignant etiologies are more likely to occur with exertional syncope. Cardiac causes should be considered, particularly cardiomyopathy, postoperative congenital heart disease, right ventricular dysplasia, anomalous coronary artery, pulmonary artery hypertension, myocarditis, long QT syndrome, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Neurological and metabolic disorders may underlie a syncope episode. After malignant causes of syncope have been excluded and the diagnosis of neurocardiac syncope has been established, treatment strategies include behavior modification, salt and increased fluids, and pharmacological agents. Efficacious agents include beta-blockers, dysopyramide, fludrocortisones, and alpha agents. Yet, behavior modification alone may be as effective as salt or pharmacological therapy. Because the natural history of neurocardiac syncope in children is spontaneous resolution, it is appropriate to try the simple measures before introducing drug therapy.
The Effect of Vortex Generators on a Jet in a Cross-Flow

The effect of vortex generators in the form of tabs on the penetration and spreading of a jet in a cross‐flow has been studied experimentally. It is found that the tab has very little effect when placed on the leeward side, i.e., on the downstream edge of the jet nozzle relative to the free‐stream flow. A study of the static pressure distribution reveals significantly lower pressures on the leeward side. Thus, when placed on that side the tab does not produce a ‘‘pressure hill’’ of sufficient magnitude that is the primary source of streamwise vorticity in the flow field over the tab. This qualitatively explains the ineffectiveness. In comparison, there is a significant effect on the flow field when the tab is placed on the windward side. The sense of vorticity generated by the tab in the latter configuration is opposite to that of the bound vortex pair that otherwise characterizes the flow. Thus, the strength of the bound vortex pair is diminished and the jet penetration is reduced.
Ascorbic acid and alveolar bone loss.

Abstract 1. 1. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C upon alveolar bone height. 2. 2. Fifty-three dental students were observed for a twelve-month period. Half of the students refrained from citrus intake; the other students received frozen orange juice supplementation daily. 3. 3. On a mean basis, the nonsupplemented group lost 0.3 per cent more aleovlar bone than the supplemented group. However, this difference was not statistically significant. 4. 4. Extrapolations of the results of the one-year study were made to age 50. On a mean basis, nonsupplementation yielded 50 per cent alveolar bone loss in contrast to only 25 per cent for the supplemented group. 5. 5. An attempt was made to check the validity of the extrapolations. This check was first made by measuring alveolar bone loss in the same teeth and by the same technique in forty-six patients who visited the clinic for dental care. The mean alveolar bone height values for these subjects at ages 35, 40, and 45 differed from the students at the extrapolated ages of 35, 40, and 45 by 0, 5, and 1 per cent, respectively. 6. 6. A further check was made by plotting alveolar bone height of 35-, 40-, and 45-year-old dental patients with high and low plasma ascorbic acid levels against the students in this study extrapolated to these same ages. The differences ranged from 1 to 7 per cent. 7. 7. It would be highly desirable to compare these findings with those derived from a longitudinal study extending over a period of two to three decades.
The role of medullary serotonin (5-HT) neurons in respiratory control: Contributions to eupneic ventilation, CO2 chemoreception and thermoregulation

The functional roles of the medullary raphe, and specifically 5-HT neurons, are not well understood. It has previously been stated that the role of 5-HT has been so difficult to understand, because...
Time-domain electromagnetic scattering by open ended circular waveguide and related structure

Abstract The axial electromagnetic backscattering by four objects characterized in part by either a circular aperture or circular conducting surface is studied. Impulse response waveforms for finite and open circular waveguides, a circular loop and a thin circular disc are synthesized from exact and/or approximate frequency domain scattering data. Complex natural resonances of the four objects are compared to illustrate similar and dissimilar features. For the open circular waveguide it is demonstrated that approximate scattering solutions for loaded guides in the resonance region can be obtained by properly combining low and high frequency estimates.
Testosterone implants increase song but not aggression in male Lapland longspurs

Abstract Lapland longspurs, Calcarius lapponicus are tundra-nesting arctic birds with an extremely short breeding season. Males show a pronounced brief peak of plasma testosterone early in the season. We studied the effect of exogenous testosterone on song and aggression in free-living male Lapland longspurs. We gave high-testosterone implants to 16 birds, low-testosterone implants to seven birds, and empty or no implants to 33 birds. The implants resulted in significantly different plasma testosterone levels during incubation (high-testosterone mean=20.79±3.4 ng/ml, low-testosterone mean=2.54±0.5 ng/ml, control mean=0.53±0.1 ng/ml). High-testosterone birds had larger cloacal protuberances than controls, but low-testosterone birds did not. We measured aggression and song with simulated territorial intrusions during incubation, a mean of 12.03±1.45 days after the insertion of implants. High-testosterone birds and low-testosterone birds were no more aggressive than controls. However, high-testosterone birds, but not low-testosterone birds, were significantly more likely than controls to sing. These results suggest that the high, brief testosterone peak of Lapland longspurs may be related more to song than to territorial aggression. Alternatively, both aggression and song may be testosterone-influenced, but aggression may be more readily suppressed during incubation. The hormone-behaviour patterns demonstrated in this study may be adaptations for breeding in the short arctic summer.
Discrepancy principle for the dynamical systems method

Assume that Au=f is a solvable linear equation in a Hilbert space, ∥A∥<∞, and R(A) is not closed, so this problem is ill-posed. Here R(A) is the range of the linear operator A. A dynamical systems method for solving this problem, consists of solving the following Cauchy problem: u=−u+(B+ϵ(t))−1A∗f,u(0)=u0, where B:=A∗A, u:=du/dt, u0 is arbitrary, and ϵ(t)>0 is a continuously differentiable function, monotonically decaying to zero as t→∞. Ramm has proved [Commun Nonlin Sci Numer Simul 9(4) (2004) 383] that, for any u0, the Cauchy problem has a unique solution for all t>0, there exists y:=w(∞):=limt→∞u(t), Ay=f, and y is the unique minimal-norm solution to Au=f. If fδ is given, such that ∥f−fδ∥⩽δ, then uδ(t) is defined as the solution to the Cauchy problem with f replaced by fδ. The stopping time is defined as a number tδ such that limδ→0∥uδ(tδ)−y∥=0 and limδ→0tδ=∞. A discrepancy principle is proposed and proved in this paper. This principle yields tδ as the unique solution to the equation: ∥A(B+ϵ(t))−1A∗fδ−fδ∥=δ, where it is assumed that ∥fδ∥>δ and fδ⊥N(A∗). The last assumption is removed, and if it does not hold, then the right-hand side of the above equation is replaced by Cδ, where C=const>1, and one assumes that ∥fδ∥>Cδ. For nonlinear monotone A a discrepancy principle is formulated and justified.
ENERGY RELAXATION OF HELIUM ATOMS IN ASTROPHYSICAL GASES

We report accurate parameters describing energy relaxation of He atoms in atomic gases, important for astrophysics and atmospheric science. Collisional energy exchange between helium atoms and atomic constituents of the interstellar gas, heliosphere, and upper planetary atmosphere has been investigated. Energy transfer rates, number of collisions required for thermalization, energy distributions of recoil atoms, and other major parameters of energy relaxation for fast He atoms in thermal H, He, and O gases have been computed in a broad interval of energies from 10 meV to 10 keV. This energy interval is important for astrophysical applications involving the energy deposition of energetic atoms and ions into atmospheres of planets and exoplanets, atmospheric evolution, and analysis of non-equilibrium processes in the interstellar gas and heliosphere. Angular- and energy-dependent cross sections, required for an accurate description of the momentum-energy transfer, are obtained using ab initio interaction potentials and quantum mechanical calculations for scattering processes. Calculation methods used include partial wave analysis for collisional energies below 2 keV and the eikonal approximation at energies higher than 100 eV, keeping a significant energy region of overlap, 0.1-2 keV, between these two methods for their mutual verification. The partial wave method and the eikonal approximation excellently match results obtained with each other as well as experimental data, providing reliable cross sections in the astrophysically important interval of energies from 10 meV to 10 keV. Analytical formulae, interpolating obtained energy- and angular-dependent cross sections, are presented to simplify potential applications of the reported database. Thermalization of fast He atoms in the interstellar gas and energy relaxation of hot He and O atoms in the upper atmosphere of Mars are considered as illustrative examples of potential applications of the new database.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD4 gene required for excision repair of UV-damaged DNA.

Abstract The RAD4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the incision step of excision repair. We have cloned the RAD4 gene and determined its nucleotide sequence. RAD4 encodes a somewhat basic protein of 754 amino acids (aa) with an M r of 87173. RAD4 contains several groups of 4–7 consecutive basic aa residues that could be involved in DNA binding and it also contains an α-helix-turn-α-helix motif for DNA binding. Like several other DNA repair proteins of S. cerevisiae , the C terminus of RAD4 protein is highly acidic.
Adaptive web information extraction

The Amorphic system works to extract Web information for use in business intelligence applications.
Ventricular ectopy in cardiac rehabilitation patients on exercise training and nonexercising days

We evaluated the effect of routine exercise training sessions on the frequency of ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) in 18 coronary artery disease patients (mean age = 60 years) who were active participants in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Nine patients were classified as high risk and nine patients were low risk according to clinical status and cardiac catheterization criteria. Five patients in each group were on beta blockade, but none were on antiarrhythmic agents. Serial 24-h ECG monitoring was obtained on a routine supervised exercise day and nonexercise control day. VEA were compared during three time periods: (1) exercise training and recovery (4 h) and the corresponding 4 h during control, (2) activities of daily living (12 h), and (3) sleep (8 h). Both groups showed a moderate increase in total VEA during the three activity periods from control day to exercise day. However, this increase was only significant (p less than 0.05) in the high-risk group during the 12-h activity of daily living period postexercise. VEA was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in the high-risk group during all activity intervals except the sleep period on the exercise day. We conclude that VEA occurs with similar frequency during exercise training or corresponding control periods. High-risk patients have significantly greater VEA on exercise and control days and show additional increased in VEA during activities of daily living (eating and driving) on exercise days.
Experimental results of a controllable electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive on space materials

Many space applications, such as docking, satellite capture, or robotic inspection, could benefit from the use of a controllable (i.e. on-off) adhesive capable of functioning on a wide range of surfaces. This paper focuses on the experimental results of such an adhesive, which combines the benefits of both electrostatic and directional dry adhesives (i.e. gecko-like adhesives). The electrostatic element consists of a conductive electrode pattern embedded inside a soft silicone polymer dielectric. Between the electrodes and the substrate lies a dry adhesive element comprised of directional fibrillar structures. The combination of these two technologies creates a positive feedback cycle in which, depending on surface roughness and material, adhesive levels can be greater than the sum of the two individual technologies. The electrostatic adhesive serves to initially engage the micro-wedges with the surface substrate. As they engage, the micro-wedges bring the electrostatic element closer to the surface, which further increases its adhesion. This consequently allows more of the dry adhesive micro-wedges to engage, particularly on rough surfaces. This paper presents the results of experimental testing of these adhesives over a range of different space-grade materials. These include different paints, composites, and blankets. Results show that the hybrid adhesive performs up to 7.1× greater than electrostatic adhesives alone.
The Fitness of the Environment

When Darwin first turned the search-light of his genius upon the world of Nature, and under its illumination men were compelled to replace their static views of organic creation by a dynamic representation that made the history of life a connected and, in great part, progressive process from the beginning, attention was mainly concentrated on the fitness of the organism to its environment. The fact of such fitness had long been obvious in differing degrees, but the problem of its causation as a factor in survival was then for the first time philosophically treated in the doctrine of Natural Selection. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that through all the earlier discussions that ranged round these topics the point of view was more or less one-sided. The fitness of the organism to its environment was stressed and stressed again; the question of the fitness of the environment to the organism was seldom raised, or even realized. In some cases, along with views advancedly transmutational, a conception of the environment was maintained that was almost static. The organism, isolated from its environment, was ransacked for its history in the laboratory or made the subject of experiment in order to elucidate its behavior. The conception of the organism and its environment as vitally and reciprocally connected, as a single system undergoing change, had not yet been reached.
Recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma: biological implications of age, method of detection, and site and extent of recurrence

Background We identified factors predictive of outcome for recurrent differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).
The Chemotherapeutic Effect of Esters of Penicillin.

ConclusionsAlthough inactive in vitro, ethyl and n-butyl esters of penicillin have been shown to be highly effective chemotherapeutic agents in mice infected with large doses of virulent hemolytic streptococci. These esters are apparently hydrolyzed slowly with the liberation of active penicillin. They are effective when given by the subcutaneous or by the oral route of administration.
Human placental transfer of zinc: normal characteristics and role of ethanol.

The fetal alcohol syndrome is primarily an impairment of growth and development. Zinc deficiency also causes abnormal fetal growth. Moreover, alcohol has been shown in some rodent studies to impair placental transport of zinc. The purpose of this investigation was to define better normal human placental zinc transport and the effects of alcohol on this process. To do this we employed the isolated perfused single cotyledon human term placental model, as well as the cultured human cytotrophoblast. In the perfused placental studies, it was shown that zinc is transferred by the placenta very slowly, about 6% of the rate of transport of antipyrine, a freely diffusible marker. The transfer is comparable in both directions, maternal to fetal and the reverse. Zinc does not cross the placenta against a zinc concentration gradient, in either direction. Rather there is good evidence of significant uptake (storage) of the zinc by the placenta on the recirculating compartment side of gradient studies. Moreover, when the perfusion fluid was low (0.2 g/100 ml) in albumin, about twice as much zinc accumulated in the perfused cotyledon and there was less zinc in the maternal compartment, as compared to perfusion with ten-fold higher (2.0 g/100 ml) albumin concentrations. Thus, ligand binding in the perfusate importantly influences placental zinc uptake. Interestingly, however, the increased placental binding of zinc did not translate into greater transfer of zinc to the fetal compartment. Thus, normal zinc transfer is slow, equal bidirectionally, and dependent on ligand binding in perfusate and placenta. Equal transport in both directions and absence of accumulation of zinc against a concentration gradient at “physiologic” zinc concentrations are not consistent with active (energy dependent) transfer. Alcohol (400 mg/100 ml) added to the perfusate did not impair placental zinc transfer from the maternal to fetal circuits over 4 h. Also, net uptake of zinc by human placental trophoblast exposed to 200 mg/100 ml alcohol concentration for 48 h was comparable to control values. Thus, alcohol exposure over this time in both experimental systems did not impair zinc transport by the term human placenta.
Infrared radiometric observations of surface temperatures during hydrogenation of ethylene on commercial nickel-Kieselguhr

Abstract Steady-state and transient surface temperatures were studied on commercial nickel-on-Kieselguhr in a packed-bed environment using an infrared radiometric microscope. Large gradients between the bulk gas and the catalyst surface were observed and high gradients during the transient period between surface and center of the catalyst were deduced. Existing postulates for steady-state temperature gradients in catalyst pellets appear to be confirmed. Applications related to the observed temperature behavior are suggested for successful experimental and commercial operation.
Challenges in Oral Antiplatelet Therapy: ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) poses unique challenges to cardiologists because short- and long-term therapeutic plans occur rapidly and often with limited information. Dual oral antiplatelet therapy is a mainstay of treatment, although limitations exist for all agents. Simple algorithms will improve prompt use of these medications in emergency room settings, although simplicity may not be possible for high-risk patient populations, especially those with an increased risk of bleeding. Caution is therefore warranted against the usual process of generalization of clinical trial results to the entire spectrum of patients with STEMI. This concern is especially important for those at highest risk for bleeding, where high-dose clopidogrel or short- or long-term prasugrel may carry significant risks. Maximizing the efficacy and safety of long-term oral antiplatelet therapy requires individualization of therapy, heightened clinical judgement, and caution.
Ignition density bounds and collective modes of fusing nuclei

In the process of achieving ignition conditions collective modes (microinstabilities), which lead to enhanced transport of the fusing nuclei, are likely to be present. When such phenomena are taken into account an appropriate formulation of ignition criteria becomes necessary, and two distinct bounds on the plasma density are identified.
Causas, consecuencias y soluciones para la inflacion en los paises en desarrollo

Worldwide inflation averaged annually 3.5 per cent in the 1950s, 4.2 per cent in the 1960s, and 10.4 per cent in the 1970s. The secular acceleration m inflation, which has been more pronounced in the developing than in the industrial countries, is the foc
Age and paleoclimatic significance of late Holocene lakes in the Carson Sink, NV, USA

New dating in the Carson Sink at the termini of the Humboldt and Carson rivers in the Great Basin of the western United States indicates that lakes reached elevations of 1204 and 1198 m between 915 and 652 and between 1519 and 1308 cal yr B.P., respectively. These dates confirm Morrison's original interpretation (Lake Lahontan: Geology of the Southern Carson Desert, Professional Paper 40, U.S. Geol. Survey, 1964) that these shorelines are late Holocene features, rather than late Pleistocene as interpreted by later researchers. Paleohydrologic modeling suggests that discharge into the Carson Sink must have been increased by a factor of about four, and maintained for decades, to account for the 1204-m lake stand. The hydrologic effects of diversions of the Walker River to the Carson Sink were probably not sufficient, by themselves, to account for the late Holocene lake-level rises. The decadal-long period of increased runoff represented by the 1204-m lake is also reflected in other lake records and in tree ring records from the western United States.
A Conserved Family of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylases That Modify HIF

Mammalian cells respond to changes in oxygen availability through a conserved pathway that is regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). The alpha subunit of HIF is targeted for degradation under normoxic conditions by a ubiquitin-ligase complex that recognizes a hydroxylated proline residue in HIF. We identified a conserved family of HIF prolyl hydoxylase (HPH) enzymes that appear to be responsible for this posttranslational modification. In cultured mammalian cells, inappropriate accumulation of HIF caused by forced expression of the HIF-1α subunit under normoxic conditions was attenuated by coexpression of HPH. Suppression of HPH in cultured Drosophila melanogaster cells by RNA interference resulted in elevated expression of a hypoxia-inducible gene (LDH, encoding lactate dehydrogenase) under normoxic conditions. These findings indicate that HPH is an essential component of the pathway through which cells sense oxygen.
Effect of aging on histone acetylation of the normal and regenerating rat liver.

Abstract The incorporation of acetate ( 3 H and 14 C) into histones in normal and regenerating livers of rats, 1 to 24 months of age, was measured 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection. Acetylation of liver histones was generally higher in young growing rats with and without the regenerating stimulus of partial hepatectomy. In the non-hepatectomized livers, acetylation declined to minimal levels by 6 months of age. Regenerating livers showed higher maximum acetylation, which declined steadily after 9 months of age to low levels comparable to those of non-regenerating livers by 20 to 24 months. This decline in acetylation of nuclear histones is believed to be related to reduced metabolic and reproductive capacity of the liver associated with the aging process.
Contrast resolution study of CdZnTe detectors for medical imaging

The detected signal and noise contributions were measured and related to the radiation exposure and tube current tube setting. Furthermore, the detector contrast has been experimentally determined. The experimental results indicate that Cd1-xZnxTe detectors have high detector contrast resolution. Therefore, they appear to be very attractive for x-ray digital imaging applications.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Discussion of “Investor recognition and stock returns”

Lehavy and Sloan (2008, Review of Accounting Studies) note that prior studies find that earnings and cash flows explain only a small portion of the cross-sectional variation in stock return. This motivates them to investigate empirically the ability of a behavioral model of capital market equilibrium proposed by Merton (1987, Journal of Finance, 42, 483–510) to explain the remaining variation in stock returns. Their primary findings show that security value is, as predicted, increasing in investor recognition of the security and that investor recognition is incremental to and more important than cash flows in explaining the cross-sectional variation of stock returns. While the research question is intriguing and well motivated, a number of methodological limitations may limit the reliability of the findings/interpretations. In this paper, I first evaluate the motivation and potential contribution of the Lehavy and Sloan (2008) study. I then outline methodological limitations underlying the study and offer ways of overcoming them. In the final section, I state my conclusions.
Modeling Passive Safety in the Westinghouse Small Modular Reactor: Assessment of Wall Condensation and CMT Natural Circulation

Passive safety design that utilizes gravity, natural circulation, heat sink and stored potential energy for reactor safety functions is being increasingly adopted in advanced reactors, especially in the small modular reactor (SMR) designs. The passive safety design of the Westinghouse SMR is described in details and compared with the AP1000® passive safety design. The natural circulation loops and heat transfer mechanism in a postulated Westinghouse SMR loss of coolant accident (LOCA) are discussed. The key thermal hydraulic phenomena pertinent to the passive safety design of the Westinghouse SMR have been identified in the small break LOCA Phenomena Identification and Rank Table (PIRT). Among the identified phenomena, condensation on the containment wall and natural circulation in core makeup tank (CMT) loop are highly ranked. Those passive safety phenomena are expected to be assessed using the WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 LOCA thermal hydraulic code, which will provide the design basis LOCA analysis in the SMR design control documentation. In this paper, the progress on the assessing two key phenomena in passive safety of Westinghouse SMR is reported. The preliminary assessments against UCB tube condensation tests and Westinghouse core makeup tank tests reveals the capability of WCOBRA/TRAC-TF2 code to reasonably predict the condensation on the containment wall and natural circulation in the core makeup tank (CMT) loop.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Needs Assessment for a University-Based Employee Assistance Program

Between 10-20 percent of the total employee population in any institution of higher education are troubled employees. The lack of visibility and the absence of structure, especially in faculty positions, are risk factors. Higher education has become proactive in developing Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) in response to organizational personnel problems. A needs assessment survey was conducted to ascertain the need for a university-based EAP in a state university in southern California. The findings suggested that EAP services were needed.
`9/11 Changed Everything': An Intertextual Analysis of the Bush Doctrine

This article presents an intra- and inter-textual analysis of the 'Bush Doctrine,' the security strategy response to 9/11 which sanctions a policy of preventive war. Using Thibault's (1991) framework of 'critical, intertextual analysis,' I examine the Doctrine synchronically as it is articulated in the 2002 'National Security Strategy.' This analysis demonstrates the disjuncture created in NSS02 and the key discursive formations that underlie the Doctrine and link it to its earlier articulation in post-Cold War documents. I then examine the Doctrine diachronically by situating it within the context of these earlier texts and demonstrate the paradigmatic choices and linguistic transformations that occur across each document's security strategy. I argue that post-Cold War and post-9/11 security discourses comprise an intertextual system that has been suppressed by articulations of post-9/11 discourses. Within this system, 9/11 serves as the legitimating device that enabled the Bush Administration to sanction a security policy designed to maintain US global supremacy.
A right-ear advantage for dichotic listening in bilingual children.

Abstract A dichotic listening task was administered to two groups of right-handed Hispanic children enrolled in bilingual education classes. The younger group's mean age was 9:6, the older group's was 13:6. Two dichotic tapes were used, one in English, one in Spanish, consisting of 60 pairs of words per tape. The words were comparable across languages in terms of frequency, grammatical function, and phonetic composition. The results showed clear and equal right-ear advantages for both groups of subjects and for both languages. As expected, older children scored higher than younger ones, and performance on Spanish was better than on English. Neither of these effects interacted with the ear advantage, however. Ear difference scores did not correlate with proficiency in the second language (as measured by performance on the English tape), but there was a significant correlation (r = .58) between the degree of asymmetry in the two languages. These findings indicate that the left hemisphere is primarily (and equally) involved in processing both languages of bilinguals, and that this pattern appears to remain stable in development.
Contributions of the OH airglow to space object irradiance

We investigated the contributions of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow to the illumination of resident space objects. During nighttime, in a moonless sky, the airglow is the largest contributor to the sky brightness in the visible (vis), the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral region. The dominant contributors to the airglow are vibrationally excited hydroxyl radicals, OH(ν). The radicals are formed in vibrational states up to υ=9 by the reaction of hydrogen atoms with ozone. The strong emissions, known as Meinel emissions, are sequences with σν= 1-6. Emissions with υ = 3, 4, 5 and 6 occur in the visible and NIR between .4 and 1.0 µm. From 1.0 to 2.5 µm there are very strong emissions from the δν= 2 sequences. The σν= 1 emissions extend into the thermal infrared to 4.5 μm. In this work, we considered four band passes, a vis-NIR band pass, two SABER band passes centered at 1.6 and 2.0 μm, respectively, and a broad band pass around 2.7 µm. SAMM2 was utilized to compute spectra and line of sight radiances. We used line of sight (LOS) radiances to compute the irradiance on a space object that was taken as a flat plate with a Lambertian surface reflectance. Profiles of irradiance versus orientation were calculated. The OH airglow will illuminate a facet even if it is pointing somewhat upward. However, the irradiance in the 2.7 μm band pass comes almost entirely from the atmosphere in the low altitude and the earth emission.
Effects of prior interaction, contact, strategy, and expectation of meeting on game behavior and sentiment:

Past research employing mixed-motive games has shown that positive interaction with the other player prior to the game can produce a higher level of cooperation than can negative interaction (Perlman and Oskamp, 1966; McClintock and McNeel, 1967; and Swingle and Gillis, 1968). Furthermore, the expectation of confrontation (i.e., a discussion of game behavior with the other player after the game) was found to influence cooperative behavior (Marlowe, Gergen, and Doob, 1966). However, since both prior interaction and confrontation consist of at least two componentscontact with the other player and the rewards and/or costs derived from the contact-it is important to investigate their separate effects. Therefore, the present study separated the two variables by manipulating prior interaction, prior contact, and the expectation of meeting after the game within a standard framework. In addition to prior interaction, Swingle and Gillis (1968) also systematically varied the
Multiple carbon substrate utilization by bacteria at the sediment–water interface: seasonal patterns in a stratified eutrophic reservoir

Sediment–water interfaces (SWIs) in lakes and reservoirs harbor diverse assemblages of heterotrophic bacteria that influence organic matter cycling. Seasonal reservoir mixing and stratification affect the rate and type of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) utilized by SWI bacteria, however these seasonal carbon utilization dynamics remain poorly understood. We conducted an exploratory multi-seasonal study using Biolog EcoPlates to measure SWI bacterial carbon substrate utilization rates (CSURs) and patterns in a monomictic eutrophic reservoir. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to elucidate seasonal CSUR variation. Carbohydrate utilization was greatest during early (onset of) stratification and also was high during winter mixing. Amino acid utilization was greatest during late (prolonged) stratification. Carboxylic acids had greatest utilization during late stratification, but also had moderate to high utilization during all other seasons. Amines and polymers exhibited moderate utilization during all seasons. We related seasonal variation in these CSURs to SWI bacterial abundance, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential. Collectively these environmental variables accounted for 49.4–62.3% of the total substrate utilization variance by season. Several individual substrate CSURs were significantly (P < 0.05) positively and/or negatively correlated with individual environmental variables, with l-asparagine and putrescine exhibiting significant positive and negative correlations with every measured environmental variable. Lastly, seasonal changes in CSURs corresponded to various changes in SWI bacterial assemblage composition, with highest similarities among early stratification and autumnal overturn assemblages and lowest similarities among late stratification and winter mixing assemblages.
Exposure to Science Is Not Enough: The Influence of Classroom Experiences on Belief in Paranormal Phenomena

Beliefs in scientifically unsubstantiated ideas were investigated with a study that contrasted college students’ attitudes toward paranormal phenomena before and after exposure to skeptical arguments concerning these events. Specifically, students enrolled in 2 sections of a psychological statistics course were exposed to illustrations of statistical concepts that were either paranormal-themed or not, with a 3rd group of participants completing a class that focused on the critical analysis of believer- and skeptic-based ideas surrounding paranormal phenomena. Results revealed that skepticism increased, over time, only when direct exposure to paranormal phenomena was included in one's course work. Results are discussed in terms of the educational and societal implications for encouraging skepticism of scientifically questionable claims.
Effect of volumetric factors on the mechanical behavior of asphalt fine aggregate matrix and the relationship to asphalt mixture properties

Abstract The multiscale study of asphalt concrete using fine aggregate matrix (FAM) has become widespread in recent years. Different laboratory fabrication procedures have been proposed, and since FAM’s sensitivity to compositional effects is unknown this literature cannot be coherently interpreted. In this paper, the mechanical responses of FAM at different volumetric compositions are systematically studied. The viscoelastic and tensile properties are found to be sensitive to volumetric composition. It is concluded that the use of FAM for modeling purposes requires accurate replication of FAM as it exists in the mixture. However, such strict requirements are not necessary for simpler, comparative evaluations.
Quality of the supportive and palliative oncology literature: a focused analysis on randomized controlled trials

Purpose The quality of the supportive and palliative oncology literature is unclear. We examined five indicators of study quality in the supportive and palliative oncology literature.