cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does one size fit all? Evidence on XBRL adoption and 10‐K filing lag

This paper examines how XBRL adoption is associated with 10‐K filing timeliness. Using a sample of 10‐K filings from 2007 to 2016, we find that 10‐K filing lag decreases for Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 accelerated filers following the XBRL mandate. For Tier 3 smaller reporting companies, however, filing lag increases significantly in the post‐XBRL period. Results from a difference‐in‐differences specification as well as using an alternative measure of filing timeliness produce similar inferences. We then investigate factors associated with the delay. We find that 10‐K filing lag increases with XBRL filing complexity, whereas the deployment of a more experienced service provider can mitigate the lag. Overall, this study provides evidence that XBRL mandate improves preparer efficiency for most firms; however, our finding that the effect for smaller reporting companies goes in the opposite direction leads to the question whether XBRL can be viewed as a one‐size‐fits‐all solution to financial reporting.
Detailed Description of Data-Acquisition Interface for Hewlett-Packard 2100-Family Computer Systems

Some minicomputer manufacturers also offer general-purpose laboratory data-acquisition-interface hardware as an optional accessory. Typical examples are the LAB-8 and LAB-11 systems offered by the Digital Equipment Corporation. However, if that option is not available, or if the available hardware is not completely suitable for the educational environment, it may be necessary to construct the interface for your particular minicomputer system. This was the case for the laboratory computer system used at Purdue. In this Appendix we will describe the design philosophy and detailed characteristics of the laboratory interface developed for the Hewlett-Packard 2100-family (models 2116, 2115, 2114, 2100, and 21 MX) of minicomputers.
Shrinkage Estimation on the Manifold of Symmetric Positive-Definite Matrices with Applications to Neuroimaging

The James-Stein shrinkage estimator was proposed in the field of Statistics as an estimator of the mean for samples drawn from a Gaussian distribution and shown to dominate the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in terms of the risk. This seminal work lead to a flurry of activity in the field of shrinkage estimation. However, there has been very little work on shrinkage estimation for data samples that reside on manifolds. In this paper, we present a novel shrinkage estimator of the Frechet Mean (FM) of manifold-valued data for the manifold, \(P_n\), of symmetric positive definite matrices of size ‘n’. We choose to endow \(P_n\) with the well known Log-Euclidean metric for its simplicity and ease of computation. With this choice of the metric, we show that the shrinkage estimator can be derived in an analytic form. Further, we prove that the shrinkage estimate of FM dominates the MLE of the FM in terms of the risk. We present several synthetic data examples with noise along with performance comparisons to estimated FM using other non-shrinkage estimators. As an application of shrinkage FM-estimation to real data, we compute the average motor sensory area (M1) tract from diffusion MR brain scans of controls and patients with Parkinson Disease (PD). We first show the dominance of the shrinkage FM estimator over the MLE of FM in this setting and then perform group testing to show differences between PD and controls based on the M1 tracts.
Experiences of Stigma by Gay and Bisexual Men in Rural Oklahoma

Purpose: The unique experiences of men who have sex with men (MSM) residing in culturally conservative rural areas are not well represented in the scientific literature. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States has shifted toward rural areas where populations are dispersed and health care resources are limited. Methods: We recruited 40 sexual minority men, ages 22-66, residing in rural Oklahoma for in-depth, qualitative sexual health interviews that sought to understand how cultural and social environments impacted health behaviors. Findings: Participants described a stigmatizing social environment and less access to quality, sexual minority medical care within rural communities and perceived these as substantial barriers to enhancing health. Structural issues, including lack of sexual minority-affirming policies, institutional practices, and hostile cultural norms, were noted. Conclusions: Results indicate the need to develop greater awareness of stigma as an etiologic factor that contributes to the health of rural sexual minority populations, specifically when it relates to provision of culturally appropriate care.
Love with No Exceptions: A Statewide Faith-Based, University-Community Partnership for Faith-Based HIV Training and Assessment of Needs in the Deep South.

This project established a faith-based, university–community partnership with the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church in Alabama to develop a statewide training model to address HIV knowledge and stigma, promote discussion and generate action plans to address HIV in the Deep South. A community-engaged research team consisting of church leadership and university researchers developed and implemented the model, “Love with No Exceptions.” Mixed methods were used to evaluate the model delivered in 3-h sessions in five state regions (N = 146 clergy and laity). The majority of participants reported feeling better prepared to serve those living with or affected by HIV and would implement education and awareness activities in their churches. Participants’ HIV knowledge increased from pre- to post-training. Stigma-related attitudes showed minor changes from baseline. These results reflect that partnerships between academic institutions and churches can deliver promising steps towards impactful HIV education in the Deep South.
Development of a Versatile, High-Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Technology

A high-performance solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack technology is being developed, based on a design concept that incorporates prime-surface metallic interconnects with the versatility of stacking different types of single cells (sintered cells or metal-supported cells). A preliminary design of the prime-surface interconnect based on an egg-carton shape configuration has been advanced for this stack concept. Laboratory-scale prime-surface interconnects have successfully been fabricated by stamping and evaluated for mechanical loading, flow distribution and current collection properties. A process based on sputtering has been developed for fabricating supported thin-film (several micrometers thick) cells for this stack technology. Fabricated thin-film cells have shown desirable structural characteristics and exceptional performance on different fuels at reduced temperatures (550o-650oC). Sputtered cells (with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for the electrolyte, gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) for the electrolyte/cathode interlayer, nickel-YSZ for the anode and lanthanum strontium cobalt iron perovskite (LSCF)–YSZ for the cathode) have exhibited peak power densities of ~1.7 W/cm2 and ~2.1 W/cm2 with hydrogen fuel and air at operating temperatures of 600oC and 650oC, respectively.
Tech Talk: Analyzing the Negotiations and Rules Around Technology Use in Intimate Relationships

Technology use has become pervasive, and its use in relationships can either be helpful or harmful. While a growing body of research is exploring relationship-based outcomes related to tech use, little is known about how couples communicate about expectations around social media, video games, or other online activities. This study explored how couples communicate about and monitor rules and boundaries related to use of technology in their relationship. Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to analyze semi-structured interviews with 25 couples in committed relationships. The analysis resulted in the construction of a theoretical model explaining the communication process couples engage in concerning use of technology in their committed relationships. Results revealed that some couples have developed explicit rules about technology use, but many couples relied on implicit rules or had not communicated about technology-related issues. Clinical implications and future research recommendations are discussed.
Pulmonary Embolism After Vaginal Delivery in a Fontan Patient

Abstract The Fontan procedure was created to address the mixing of pulmonary and systemic venous return in patients with a single functional ventricle. The patient in this case with a Fontan repair experienced multiple pulmonary emboli 10 days post-partum. We outline management and recommendations when treating these patients. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Variation of pore-network, mechanical and hydrological characteristics of sandstone specimens through CO2-enriched brine injection

Abstract The main goal of this study was to capture the variations in pore-network, mechanical and hydrological characteristics of two different sandstone specimens subjected to CO2-enriched brine injection. The first sandstone specimen (S1) was from Allegheny National Forest, Northwestern Pennsylvania and the second one was a Triassic Pecos sandstone (S2) from Barstow (TX) quarry. Core-flooding experiments were performed under different overburden stresses and pore pressure conditions to determine the permeability of sandstone specimens to brine and CO2-enriched brine. Subsequently, variations in porosity, pore-size distribution and surface gas permeability were evaluated. In addition, changes in mechanical characteristics of the specimens were investigated through isotropic compression, multi-stage elastic, and cyclic tests. Evaluation of the permeability evolution revealed significant permeability enhancement during CO2-enriched brine injection, where the S2 specimen’s permeability was increased up to 3 times and permeability of S1 increased by two orders of magnitude. The porosity of S1 and S2 specimens increased by 3.60% and 2.87% and the pore connectivity enhanced by 72.1% and 23.2%, respectively. Furthermore, following CO2-enriched brine injection, the average surface gas permeability of S1 and S2 specimens increased by ∼ 12.6 and ∼ 4.5 times, respectively. In addition, we observed that the mechanical weakening in both specimens caused by mineral dissolution. More specifically, during the CP of 40 MPa, the average Young’s modulus decreased by 31.3% and 15.3% for S1 and S2 specimens, respectively. Also, the average bulk modulus of S1 and S2 specimens decreased by 26.8% and 22.7%, respectively. On the other hand, increasing the expansion tendency was reflected in increasing the Poisson’s ratio, where the average Poisson’s ratio increased by 19.5% and 25.3% for S1 and S2 specimens, respectively. However, conducting additional experiments on sandstones with various mineralogies are required to confirm the repeatability and statistical significance of the obtained results.
Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom

The set of contemporary economists whose writings consistently display an admirable ability to combine the insights of economics, philosophy, and political science is indeed very small. Amartya Sen is one of the preeminent members of this small set. Beginning with Collective Choice and Social Welfare in 1970, Sen has repeatedly demonstrated an uncanny ability to analyze social problems from a multi-faceted perspective that eschews narrow, self-interest based explanations. Development as Freedom is no different. Sen uses the twelve chapters of this book to provide a rather compelling, human freedom based account of the nature of contemporary economic development. In my review, I shall first focus on five of the book’s twelve chapters and then conclude with some general comments about this book. Chapter 1 begins the proceedings by pointing out that any meaningful conception of development must go well beyond “the accumulation of wealth and the growth of gross national product and other income-related variables” (p. 14). This is salient not only because wealth is a means to an end, but also because the process of development is really all about removing what Sen calls “the unfreedoms” from which the members of a society may suffer. The relationship between freedom and justice is the subject of chapter 3. In this chapter, Sen perspicuously points out that when evaluating a particular state of affairs, it is very important to pay attention to the “informational bases” of the principles that are used to conduct the underlying evaluation. This point has been an abiding theme in much of Sen’s work; indeed, Sen afficionados will note that it has been stressed recently in his 1998 Nobel lecture. Here, the author develops this point by discussing the pros and cons of three specific evaluative approaches, namely, utilitarianism, libertarianism, and Rawlsian justice. This discussion leads Sen to note that his “capability approach . . . [allows] evaluative
The Right Approach to Harmless Error

My article “Harmless Errors and Substantial Rights” challenged conventional wisdom about the harmless constitutional error doctrine in criminal procedure. Specifically, I contended that the traditional way of understanding harmless error as a remedial doctrine rooted in so-called “constitutional common law” created significant anomalies. Instead, harmless constitutional error doctrine can only be understood as part of the definition and judicial enforcement of constitutional rights. Few legal scholars have thought as deeply about the mysteries of harmless error as Professor John M. Greabe, and he is well equipped to give the remedial perspective the best possible defense. Nonetheless, despite Professor Greabe’s able efforts in his response piece “Criminal Procedure Rights and Harmless Error: A Response to Professor Epps,” I remain persuaded of the correctness of the rights-based approach to harmless error laid out in my article. In this short Reply, I explain why. First, I respond to Professor Greabe’s most significant criticisms of my rights-based approach, and show why I think they miss the mark. Second, I explain why Professor Greabe’s own remedy-based theory is itself problematic and unable to solve the enduring riddles of harmless error.
Predicting Driver Safety in Parkinson’s Disease: An Interim Report of an Ongoing Longitudinal Study

This article summarizes the baseline results of an ongoing longitudinal, NIH-funded study on prediction of driver safety in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Patients with even mild to moderate PD who drive and live independently suffer from visual and cognitive dysfunction, which appear to be the main contributors to decreased driving performance and safety, rather than the motor dysfunction for which PD is known.
Abstract W P58: Thromboelastography Can Detect the Anticoagulant Effect of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Patients Who Might Be Eligible for Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Factor Xa inhibitors are approved for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. The management of such patients is challenging if they are candidates for intravenous tPA since there is no rapidly available test to detect their anticoagulant effect. Thromboelastography (TEG) analyzes the dynamics of coagulation (Figure 1) and has previously demonstrated a hypercoagulable state in acute stroke patients. We sought to determine whether TEG can detect the anticoagulation effect of Factor Xa inhibitors in stroke patients. Methods: Venous blood from seven subacute cardioembolic stroke patients prescribed Rivaroxaban was analyzed before (baseline) and 2, 4, 6 hours after drug administration with four patients also analyzed at 18 hours. Comparison of TEG parameters at various time intervals were assessed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Generalized Estimating Equations with an autoregressive correlation matrix was applied to account for the correlation within patients. Results: Baseline TEG results required approximately 11 minutes to obtain. Higher R values were seen from baseline upto 18 hours, along with increased K values lasting upto 6 hours. Lower G, MA, and alpha-angle values were seen from baseline till 4 hours (Table 2). Together these results indicate slower and less strong clotting, and that the anti-coagulation effects of the drug peak at about 4-6 hours, with a trend towards normalization by 18 hours. Conclusion: TEG can detect the anticoagulant effect of Factor Xa inhibitors in stroke patients, and might be useful for guiding emergency management of those eligible for tPA.
Know your network: connecting with audiences in the age of electronic communications

In electronically networked organizations, the capacity to reach more and different audiences virtually explodes. The ability to generate messages quickly brings both benefits and risks: rapid but potentially reactive message exchanges in the context of chaos. In such a context, how can correspondents on the information highway come to know or analyze their audiences? The channel is e-mail; the medium is text. I sit in my office and reach out to touch you. You are my colleague and buddy in another part of the building, the presenter who upstaged me at a recent conference, my technical assistant in academic computing, or a member of a group I have tapped on the 'Net. Composing my message-fingers flying, students at my door-how well do I read you-my audience, my connection to your part of the world? And, correspondingly, do you read me? Do you catch my mood, feel the urgency or the lightness of my request? Can you sense that I am speaking expressly to you?. >
On Mesh Editing, Manifold Learning, and Diffusion Wavelets

We spell out a formal equivalence between the naive Laplacian editing and semi-supervised learning by bi-Laplacian Regularized Least Squares. This allows us to write the solution to Laplacian mesh editing in a `closed' form, based on which we introduce the Generalized Linear Editing (GLE). GLE has both naive Laplacian editing and gradient based editing as special cases. GLE allows using diffusion wavelets for mesh editing. We present preliminary experiments, and shortly discuss connections to segmentation.
Online Health Information Seeking and Stress

As the range and use of information and communication technologies increase, so does the potential to utilize these tools to acquire health information from the Internet. Unfortunately, little is known about whether online health information seeking causes stress or whether stress leads to more online health activities. This entry details estimates of Internet users, online health activities, the relationship between stress and online health information seeking, and areas of further inquiry. Keywords: physician–patient interaction; Internet; new media; stress; technology
La muerte de Alonso Quijano, un adiós literario

This article focuses on the last chapter of Don Quixote and offers a different reading of and the commonly acclaimed regain of sanity of the knight-errant of La Mancha. The entire life of Don Quixote has been conditioned by books, they are his essence and his guide. If his life was but an imitation of the great fictional heroes portrayed in chivalry novels, so will his death be an imitation of the same models. It is helpful to bear in mind the constant ironic and festive tone that is predominant throughout the novel. Why should the last chapter be different? This analysis will take into consideration the tone of doubt and irony in the narration of Don Quixote's recovery of reason, and will thus offer us a different reading of the last scene, which is more coherent with the entire Cervantine character: there will be coherence of his being (Alonso Quijano), with his life (Don Quixote) and with his death (Alonso Quijano the Good).
Abstract 3698: Hyperactive AKT pathway and reactivation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in melanoma cells resistant to dual BRAF and MEK inhibition

In order to understand the mechanisms of resistance in melanoma cells treated with dual BRAF and MEK inhibitors, A375 and SK-Mel-28 cell lines, both harboring the BRAF V600E mutation, were treated with escalating doses of vemurafenib and cobimetinib to generate dual resistant lines. Resulting cells demonstrated 10 to 30 fold increase in resistance to the drug combination compared with the parental lines. The resistance phenotype could not be reversed by an ERK inhibitor. RNA sequencing and Western analyses revealed hyperactivation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in the A375 dual resistant cells. These cells may be re-sensitized with either a pan-PI3K inhibitor or PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. The SK-Mel-28 cells have constitutively active PI3K/AKT pathways at baseline and thus demonstrate reactivation of the MAP/ERK pathway in dual resistant cells. The therapeutic implications of these findings will be discussed. Citation Format: Victoria E. Wang, Frank McCormick, Jeffrey Settleman. Hyperactive AKT pathway and reactivation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in melanoma cells resistant to dual BRAF and MEK inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3698. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3698
An experimental study of the fracture resistance of bimaterial interfaces

Abstract The fracture resistance of a model bimaterial interface has been measured for a wide range of phase angles: the measure of the relative crack face sliding and opening displacement near the crack tip. These experiments have revealed that the critical strain energy release rate increases with increase in phase angle, especially when the crack opening becomes small. The results are consistent with a model based on crack surface contact associated with non-planarity of the fracture interface.
Description of sex difference as prescription for sex change: on the origins of facial feminization surgery.

This article explores the research project that led to the development of facial feminization surgery, a set of bone and soft tissue reconstructive surgical procedures intended to feminize the faces of male-to-female trans- women. Conducted by a pioneering surgeon in the mid-1980s, this research consisted of three steps: (1) assessments of sexual differences of the skull taken from early 20th-century physical anthropology, (2) the application of statistical analyses taken from late 20th-century orthodontic research, and (3) the vetting of this new morphological and metric knowledge in a dry skull collection. When the ‘feminine type’ of early 20th-century physical anthropology was made to articulate with the ‘female mean’ of 1970s’ statistical analysis, these two very different epistemological artifacts worked together to produce something new: a singular model of a distinctively female skull. In this article, I show how the development of facial feminization surgery worked across epistemic styles, transfo...
Can Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Visits Be Used to Enhance Colorectal Cancer Screening

Purpose Despite high acceptance levels of mammography and cervical cancer screening by U.S. women, adherence with colorectal cancer screening remains suboptimal. A better understanding of the relationship among cancer screening behaviors by women may provide insight into interventions to enhance colorectal cancer screening. Methods Women 50 years and older who participated in the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey and lived in one of the five states that administered the colorectal cancer module (Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Utah) were queried regarding cancer screening patterns. Predictors of colorectal cancer screening were determined using multivariate analysis from sociodemographic data and non-colorectal cancer screening adherence rates (based on American Cancer Society guidelines). Results Among the 1300 colorectal cancer module respondents, cancer screening adherence was significantly less for colorectal cancer (24.9%) compared with cervical cancer (57.2%) or breast cancer (78.6%). In multivariate analysis, increasing age, health insurance, adherence with cervical cancer screening (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.09, p p p Conclusions Women adherent to mammography and cervical cancer screening guidelines were significantly more likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening than those who were not adherent, although colorectal cancer acceptance in the adherent group was still suboptimal. Because psychological barriers to colorectal cancer screening exist, non-colorectal cancer screening visits that women already readily accept potentially represent a setting (or “teachable moment”) for the delivery of education and behavior-related interventions aimed at reducing the burden of colorectal cancer.
Space Charge in Ionic Crystals. I. General Approach with Application to NaCl

The defect distribution in an ionic crystal is calculated for both pure crystals and crystals containing divalent cationic impurities. By taking the electrostatic energy into account explicitly, it is shown that bulk electrical neutrality and space-charge regions surrounding the vacancy sources are an inherent aspect of thermal equilibrium. Interactions among defects of the opposite charge are taken into account using the nearest-neighbor-binding model. Inclusion of the long-range effects of the Coulomb interaction and the question of the sign of charged dislocations are discussed.
Comparison of the Raman-active phonons of YBa2Cu3O7 crystals grown in gold and zirconia crucibles

Abstract Three single-domain crystals of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 grown in either gold or zirconia crucibles have been studied by Raman scattering. two of the crystals were annealed and mechanically detwinned after growth, while the third was only detwinned. There are crystal-to-crystal variations in the absolute values of the phonon line widths. However, the line widths of the A g phonons exhibit nearly the same temperature trends in the three crystals. Below T c , the phonons at 340, 440 and 500 cm −1 sharpen dramatically, sharpen slightly, and broaden, respectively. When interpreted within the framework of conventional theories of superconductivity, the line-width behavior supports a superconducting energy gap 2Δ between 440 and 500 cm −1 (2 Δ = 6.8–7.7 k B T c ). The line shapes of the 120, 150, 340 and 500 cm −1 phonons can be asymmetric. Only the 500 cm −1 phonon becomes less symmetric below T c . The intensities of the A g phonons vary little with temperature below T c . Raman peaks, possibly defect modes, are observed at ∼232 cm −1 and ∼143 cm −1 in the as-grown crystal, but not in annealed crystals. The frequency of the ∼143 cm −1 peak largely decreases with decreasing temperature, opposite of the behavior found for the adjacent A g phonons. In addition, the temperature dependence of the B 2g and B 3g phonons of gold-grown YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 has been studied. For the most part, the frequency bahavior is not remarkable. In gold-grown YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , the line widths of 11 phonons from about 70 to 500 cm −1 have been measured above and below T c . Only the phonon at 500 cm −1 is found to broaden below T c .
Provisional Wavelength Standards in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

The wavelengths of 245 atomic emission lines, mainly C, N, and O, and commonly occurring as impurities in conventional light sources, have been measured from 875 A to 1940 A in the first order of a 21-ft vacuum grating spectrograph with a dispersion of 1.3 A per mm. Cu ii, Fe i, and Fe ii lines, whose wavelengths can be calculated accurately by the combination principle, were used as standards. The present work expands the number of previously known vacuum ultraviolet provisional standards and places them on a consistent wavelength scale with an average internal error of ±0.003 A, and an absolute error of less than ±0.005 A.
Cloud services brokering for elastic workloads

With the growing trend of using public clouds for significant portion of enterprise workloads and the multitude of available cloud providers, arises a real need for brokerage of cloud services. The IBM Cloud Service Broker adds value to cloud services on behalf of cloud consumers by providing the means to handle relationships with multiple cloud providers. It allows the consumer to compare and select the best matching cloud offerings for each workload, taking into account various aspects such as QoS, policies, regulations, and cost. Furthermore, it supports orchestrated workload provisioning and resource allocation over different clouds.
Near-Specular Performance Of A Portable Scatterometer

A helium-neon portable scatterometer that was built and described previously has been modified. The intent was to obtain better data at angles very close to specular. We incorporated a twelve-element, linear array of silicon detectors in place of the first detector near the specular reflection direction, and removed the collimator to reduce the beam diameter. Attention was paid to scattered light from the instrument. A new scheme to orient the instrument to the sample surface using the array and the specular beam is described. Design details of the detection system capable of detecting signals ranging over five orders of magnitude and utilizing lock-in detection software are given. Results showing that the modification improved the scatterometer performance so that a Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) value of 1 sr -1 at one degree from specular can be measured with reasonable accuracy for a specular sample are discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAMILY EMOTIONAL INVOLEMENT AND CRITCISM SCALE (FEICS): A SELF‐REPORT SCALE TO MEASURE EXPRESSED EMOTION

This paper reports on the development, reliability, and validity of a self-report scale to assess from the recipients' perspective two factors derived from Expressed Emotion (EE) theroy. The Family Emotional Involvement and criticism Scale (FEICS) has two subsles: Perceived Criticism (PC) and intensity of Emotional Involvement (EI). These two factors are analogous to Critical Comments and Emotional Overeinovlvement, the two main factors of EE that are assessed through the camberwell Family Interview, the original direct observation measure of EE. FEICS was completed by 83 respondents who were a random sample of patients over 40 years of age receiving care at a Fmily Medicince Center. Cronbach's alpha was. 82 for the PC subscale and .74 for the EI subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that each item loaded onn its propsed factor (all at ≥ .50) and not with the other factor (all at ≤ .15). The subscales exhibited expected correlations and partial correlations with FACES III subscales, ISEL subscales, the SCL-90 depression and anxiety subscale, and demographic variables. We conclude that the EFICS is a reliable instrument with perliminary evidence of its construct and criterion validity.
OPTIMIZATION FOR PRODUCTS OF CONCAVE FUNCTIONS

Ifh denotes the product of finitely many concave non-negative functions on a compact interval [a, b], then it is shown that there exist pointsα andβ witha≤α≤β≤b such thath is strictly increasing on [α, α), constant on (α, β), and strictly decreasing on (β, b]. This structure theorem leads to an extension of several classical optimization results for concave functions on convex sets to the case of products of concave functions.
The U.S. Rosetta Project: Mars Gravity Assist

Since launch on March 2, 2004, the International Rosetta Mission has flown by the Earth/Moon system one time and conducted several distant observations of comets, including support for the Deep Impact measurements of comet 9 P/Tempel 1. In 2007, Rosetta flew by Mars for a gravity assist, and conducted observations of the Martian upper atmosphere as well as extended observations, in support of the New Horizons Jupiter encounter, of the Jovian magnetotail and Io torus. In late 2007 Rosetta had its second encounter with the Earth/Moon system. NASA's contribution to the Rosetta mission consists of three hardware experiments, and the portion of the electronics package for a fourth, as well as the participation of an Interdisciplinary Scientist (IDS); backup tracking, telecommunications, and navigation assurance provided by the Deep Space Network (DSN); support for the scientific participation of U.S. investigators on non-U.S. PI-led experiments. Collectively these elements are known as the U.S. Rosetta Project. In this paper we will update the status of the instruments following the both the Mars and Earth/Moon gravity assists. In addition, we will present a summary of the science observations for both Mars and Jupiter.
Carcinoma of the jejunum

Abstract Two cases of carcinoma of the jejunum are reported. To indicate the rarity of the condition, autopsy and surgical statistics are given. The symptoms most likely to lead to a correct diagnosis are stressed.
MHTGR radionuclide source terms for use in siting

Abstract This paper presents the site suitability source terms for the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR). The MHTGR program has identified a spectrum of accident release scenarios that form a basis for determining the MHTGR site suitability source terms. This basis, consistent with 10CFR100 guidelines, includes an evaluation of a spectrum of accidents to determine a set of conservative source terms. The spectrum of accidents is represented by a set of Licensing Basis Events (LBEs). The subset of LBEs that involve radionuclide release from the plant is identified. The MHTGR approach evaluates site suitability with respect to the regulatory criteria applicable not only for off-normal events, but also for normal operation and emergency planning. The radionuclide inventories available for potential release from the MHTGR and the release behavior of these inventories are characterized. A summary of the source terms for selected key radionuclides are given. The timedependent MHTGR source terms account for a mix of accident phenomena, failure states of barriers, number of reactor modules, and chemical attack conditions that are consistent with the unique characteristics of the MHTGR.
Endotoxin-Induced Structural Transformations in Liquid Crystalline Droplets

The ordering of liquid crystals (LCs) is known to be influenced by surfaces and contaminants. Here, we report that picogram per milliliter concentrations of endotoxin in water trigger ordering transitions in micrometer-size LC droplets. The ordering transitions, which occur at surface concentrations of endotoxin that are less than 10−5 Langmuir, are not due to adsorbate-induced changes in the interfacial energy of the LC. The sensitivity of the LC to endotoxin was measured to change by six orders of magnitude with the geometry of the LC (droplet versus slab), supporting the hypothesis that interactions of endotoxin with topological defects in the LC mediate the response of the droplets. The LC ordering transitions depend strongly on glycophospholipid structure and provide new designs for responsive soft matter.
Thermal Transport in Graphene Oxide – From Ballistic Extreme to Amorphous Limit

Graphene oxide is being used in energy, optical, electronic and sensor devices due to its unique properties. However, unlike its counterpart – graphene – the thermal transport properties of graphene oxide remain unknown. In this work, we use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with reactive potentials to systematically study the role of oxygen adatoms on the thermal transport in graphene oxide. For pristine graphene, highly ballistic thermal transport is observed. As the oxygen coverage increases, the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced. An oxygen coverage of 5% can reduce the graphene thermal conductivity by ~90% and a coverage of 20% lower it to ~8.8 W/mK. This value is even lower than the calculated amorphous limit (~11.6 W/mK for graphene), which is usually regarded as the minimal possible thermal conductivity of a solid. Analyses show that the large reduction in thermal conductivity is due to the significantly enhanced phonon scattering induced by the oxygen defects which introduce dramatic structural deformations. These results provide important insight to the thermal transport physics in graphene oxide and offer valuable information for the design of graphene oxide-based materials and devices.
Characterization of the caprine model for ruminant brucellosis.

The relationship between man, the goat, and brucellosis is historical. Today Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus pose a serious economic and public health threat in many countries throughout the world. Infection of pregnant goats and sheep with B. melitensis results in abortion during the third trimester of pregnancy. Although nearly eradicated in the US, bovine brucellosis is still a problem in many countries and the potential for re-infection of domestic stock from wildlife reservoirs in this country is a regulatory nightmare. Humans infected with this pathogen develop undulant fever, which is characterized by pyrexia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and spondylitis. Although available for both organisms, currently available vaccines have problems ranging from false positive serological reactions to limited efficacy in different animal species. With the continued need for new and better vaccines, we have further developed a goat model system to test new genetically derived strains of B. melitensis and B. abortus for virulence as measured by colonization of maternal and fetal tissues, vaccine safety, and vaccine efficacy.
Ultrastructure of the nitrogen-fixing, filamentous, nonheterocystous cyanobacterium,Plectonema boryanum

The ultrastructure of fructose-supplemented and unsupplemented nitrogen-fixing (fix +) and nonfixing (fix −)Plectonema boryanum UTEX 581 cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent structural differences included the arrangement and morphology of the thylakoids and alterations in the appearance of the interthylakoidal spaces. These ultrastructural differences, together with other observations such as glycogen content and presence of nitrogenase (using acetylene reduction assay and immunogold localization), readily distinguished nonfixingP. boryanum from nitrogen-fixing cells.
Liquefaction of bituminous coal at moderate temperatures

Abstract Coal hydrogenation was investigated in the temperature range 275 to 325 °C in order to minimize the number of thermal side reactions that take place. Gas-phase hydrogen was used in batch experiments without an added donor solvent, to avoid the additional analytical complexities introduced by such a solvent. It was found that significant oil yields (up to 72% of the daf coal) can be obtained from the hydrogenation of bituminous coal at 325 °C. Furthermore, at this temperature, the data indicate that cleavage of certain CO bonds may have an important role in oil formation. The metal surfaces of the liner and impeller of the autoclave had a strong catalytic effect on the liquefaction reactions under these conditions. The oil yield was 48% when the metallic surfaces were exposed and only 19% when these components were coated with glass. Catalysis by nickel, applied as nickel acetate impregnated into the coal, gave higher overall conversion, lower oil yield, and a more saturated oil product than catalysis by the autoclave surfaces.
Strategies and challenges in eliciting immunity to melanoma.

The ability of CD8 T cells to recognize melanoma tumors has led to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches that use the antigens CD8 T cells recognize. However, clinical responses rates have been disappointing. Here we summarize our work to understand the mechanisms of self-tolerance that limit responses to currently utilized antigens, and our approach to identify new antigens directly tied to malignancy. We also explore several aspects of the anti-tumor immune response induced by peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Dendritic cells differentially augment the low avidity of recall T cells specific for self-antigens, and overcome a process of aberrant CD8 T cell differentiation that occurs in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Dendritic cell migration is constrained by injection route, resulting in immune responses in localized lymphoid tissue, and differential control of tumors depending on their location in the body. We demonstrate that CD8 T cell differentiation in different lymphoid compartments alters the expression of homing receptor molecules and the presence of systemic central memory cells. Our studies highlight several issues that must be addressed to improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
Polarization and stray light considerations for the Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM)

The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) is a pushbroom imaging spectrometer currently under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, intended to address the needs of airborne coastal ocean science research. The distinguishing characteristics of the design are high signal to noise ratio, high uniformity of response, and low polarization sensitivity. The optical design is based on the Dyson spectrometer. We discuss here design refinements that are critical for stray light control and for reducing the polarization sensitivity of the entire instrument to below 2%.
Insulin sensitivity index in type 1 diabetes and following human islet transplantation: comparison of the minimal model to euglycemic clamp measures.

Insulin sensitivity is impaired in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may be enhanced by islet transplantation, an effect best explained by improved metabolic control. While the minimal model index of insul...
The Self Assessment of Future Events Scale (SAFE): assessing perceptions of risk for future violence in intimate partner relationships.

The purpose of this study was to develop a survey measure, appropriate for use in clinical or research settings, to assess respondent's perceptions that their partner will engage in future physical violence, verbal/psychological violence, or controlling behaviors. Data were collected from adults in intimate relationships. Exploratory factor analysis was used to refine the measure and confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for the fit of the final version of the measure. Scores on the measure indicated less safety for participants in distressed relationships and for participants meeting the study criteria for PTSD. Scores on the measure also indicated significantly decreased safety for participants that reported being the victims of physical violence and participants reporting both victimization and perpetration in their current intimate relationships. Language: en
A duality theorem for plastic torsion

Abstract Limit analysis of prismatic torsion bars was the earliest attempt to apply plasticity theory to a continuum. The simplicity of the problem made it feasible to use the two-dimensional Prandtl stress function, defined for the elastic torsion problems, for the plastic stress distributions as well. The gradient of the stress functions for plastic torsion has a constant magnitude, and hence a function of this type assumes the profile of a sand hill. This sand hill analogy of Nadai (1950, The Theory of Flow and Fracture of Solids. McGraw-Hill, U.K.) gave a visual sense of possible nonsmoothness of such stress functions and thus discontinuous stress fields. Many stress functions of plastic torsion for relatively simple cross-sections have been constructed graphically. However, collapse modes in terms of warping functions were much less reported. In this paper, we shall establish a duality theorem which relates the correct stress function to the correct warping function, thus providing the means to obtain complete static and kinematic solutions. This dual variational principle leads naturally to a general numerical algorithm which guarantees convergence and accuracy. In this paper, we shall only present three exact solutions to verify the theorem, to demonstrate the possible non-smooth feature of the solutions and to reiterate this effective dual variational approach to limit analysis in general.
Ionic hydrogenations using transition metal hydrides. Rapid hydrogenation of hindered alkenes at low temperature

Tetra-substituted, tri-substituted, and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes can be rapidly hydrogenated in high yield at –75 °C using CF3SO3H/HMo(CO)3(C5H5) or CF3SO3H/HSiEt3.
Near optimal manufacturing flow controller design

Flow control of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) addresses an important real-time scheduling requirement of modern manufacturing facilities, which are prone to failures and other controllable or stochastic discrete events affecting production capacity, such as change of setup and maintenance scheduling. Flow controllers are useful both in the coordination of interconnected flexible manufacturing cells through distributed scheduling policies and in the hierarchical decomposition of the planning and scheduling problem of complex manufacturing systems. Optimal flow-control policies are hedging-point policies characterized by a generally intractable system of stochastic partial differential equations. This article proposes a near optimal controller whose design is computationally feasible for realistic-size systems. The design exploits a decomposition of the multiple-part-type problem to many analytically tractable one-part-type problems. The decomposition is achieved by replacing the polyhedra production capacity sets with inscribed hypercubes. Stationary marginal densities of state variables are computed iteratively for successive trial controller designs until the best inscribed hypercubes and the associated optimal hedging points are determined. Computational results are presented for an illustrative example of a failureprone FMS.
PORPHYRA REDIVIVA SP. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA): A NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALT MARSHES1

A new species, Porphyra rediviva (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), is described from the northeast Pacific based on morphological, cytological, reproductive, ecological, and molecular characters. This species occurs at high intertidal levels in salt marshes along the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and northern California and exhibits a growth optimum at reduced salinity. It is further distinguished by a distinct demarcation between male and female sectors of the gametophytic thalli of epilithic specimens. The species is found most commonly in the drift or trapped in Salicornia beds, but these detached blades never have been found with sporangia or gametangia. Molecular analyses using restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of polymerase chain reaction–amplified ribosomal DNA (rDNA) show that this salt marsh Porphyra is conspecific throughout its range and is distinct from other Pacific Porphyra species with similar reproductive patterns. Based on molecular data, P. rediviva is related most closely to P. purpurea from the North Atlantic. Fixed rDNA polymorphisms between the two taxa, however, support ecological and cytological evidence that they should be considered different species.
Integrated polarimeter assisted ring scanning spectrometer

Three-stage Vernier, 3rd order lattice ring filters are implemented to realize a full C-band spectrometer. A polarization controller is also integrated for ldquosplit and fliprdquo operation.